^B S5M ^^7
v^UNCING
VOCABULARY- OF
GEOGRAPHICAL
NAMES
I
CHISHOLM
BLACKIE & SON LIMITED
J/-
')ft
Pronouncing Vocabulary of
Geographical Names
WITH
NOTES ON SPELLING AND PRONUNCIATION
AND EXPLANATORY LISTS AND DERIVATIONS
BY
GEO. G. CHISHOLM, M.A., B.Sc, F.R.G.S.
u
BLACKIE AND SON LIMITED
50 OLD BAILEY LONDON
GLASGOW AND BOMBAY
PREFACE.
The following list has been compiled as a guide to the correct
pronunciation of geographical names — a matter of generally recog-
nized importance, and one which must daily force itself upon the
notice of every one in the habit of reading.
It contains nearly 10,000 names, the proper pronunciation of
each being shown by re-spelling the word as it should be sounded,
and by marking the accent. The system of indicating the sounds is
very simple, and any one who carefully reads the introductory notes
will find little or no difficulty in correctly pronouncing any of the
names.
The explanatory list of foreign words which frequently enter into
the composition of place-names, with examples of their use, will be
of interest to many readers, as enabling them often to find out what
meaning is to be attached to such names.
261603
CONTENTS.
Page
Notes on the Spelling and Pronunciation of
Foreign Names, 7
Pronouncing Vocabulary, 16
Prefixes, Suffixes, and other components of Geo-
graphical Names, with their Meanings and
Examples of their Use, 91
System of Orthography for Native Names of
Places 102
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY
MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES.
NOTES ON THE SPELLING AND PRONUNCIATION
OF FOREIGN NAMES.
Foreign geographical names are spelled in English books either in
the same manner as they are spelled in the language of the country
to which they belong, or phonetically in accordance with the prevail-
ing sounds of the letters of the English alphabet. The first method
can, of course, be adopted only for names belonging to countries in
which the Roman alphabet is used with or without diacritic marks.
In the following notes on the pronunciation of foreign names the
sounds indicated as those corresponding to the letters of foreign
alphabets are explained, where necessary, by the key at the foot of
'the page.
In that key it will be seen that six signs are used to represent
un-English sounds. These must be learned by the ear from those
who are able to render them accurately, but it may be mentioned
that the French sound heard long in vile and short in biit is like the
sound of u in the Scotch word abune; that that heard long in bl/u
and short in neuf has some resemblance to the sound of e in her;
that the sound represented by n (as in the French on) is produced
by emitting voice through the mouth and nose at the same time,
and is accordingly not a pure nasal (like the English ng in sing) but
a semi-nasal; and that the ch in the German nacht is a strongly
aspirated guttural like ch in the Scotch word loch. Strictly speak-
ing two sounds are represented in German by ch, or by g, which
is sometimes its equivalent. After the vowels a, o, m it is a guttural
as in the Scotch loch, but after the other vowels and after consonants
it is produced by the emission of breath between the point of the
tongue and the fore-part of the palate.
Even with these signs for un-English sounds it must be remem-
bered that the sound indicated for the letters of foreign alphabets is
very often only an approximation to the true pronunciation, as for-
eign languages have a great many shades of sound which can be
acquired only by those who have familiarized themselves with these
Fate, fir, fat, fftU; me, met, h6r, golden; pine, pin; n6te, not, move;
tub. hiill: oil, pound; ch, cAain; g, go; j.joD; y, j/es; ISU, then; th, thin;
zh, azure. ireuch, vde, bQt; blcti, neUf; h, yn. German, 6h, nacAt.
(7)
THOkOtrSJTCING VOCABULARY.
languages as they are actually spoken by the people, and which,
besides, no Englishman would ever think of trying to reproduce in
pronouncing foreign names while reading or speaking English. It
will be observed that, as the key shows, y is always used with its
consonantal or semi-vowel sound as in yes. Thus when it is stated
that the Hungarian gy has the sound of dy, it is to be understood
that at the end of a word that combination does not form a separate
syllable, but goes to form one syllable with the preceding letters.
The Hungarian prefix Nagy, for example, is pronounced in one
syllable Nody, the d being followed by the consonant y with an
effect closely resembling that of a very soft zh.
A. Some rules for the pronunciation of languages using the Roman
alphabet.
Vowels and Vowel Digraphs.
a is usually sounded a, but sometimes long sometimes short. In
Hungarian it is sometimes like o in not.
k in Swedish is sounded 6.
a or ae is usually sounded like a or e, in Flemish (and old Dutch)
like a.
^ in Polish is sounded like the French on.
aa in Danish is sounded as o, in Dutch as a.
ai and ay usually have each of the vowels sounded, the sound of
a being rapidly followed by that of e. In German they are sounded
like i in pine, in French mostly like a.
ao in Portuguese is sounded as oun.
au is usually pronounced either with the sounds of the vowels
separately, or as a diphthong like ou. In French it is pronounced
like o in note.
e is usually sounded like a or e in met. In Spanish it always has
the latter sound. Very often it has an obscure sound as in the
English golden. In French it is often mute.
e in Polish is sounded like the French ain (an).
e in Bohemian and Servian is sounded as ye or ya.
eau in French has the sound of o in note.
ei and ey, like ai and ay, usually have each of the vowels sounded
separately, the soimd of a being rapidly followed by that of e. In
Dutch and German they have the sound of i. In French they are
pronounced like a or e.
eu is sounded in Dutch as in French, in German like oi, in other
languages with the sounds of the vowels separately.
i is usually sounded like e, or, when short, often like i.
ie in Dutch, German, and French is sounded like e, except where
the letters belong to two syllables.
Fate, far, fat, fall; me, met, h6r, golden; pine, pin; n6te, not, move;
tub, bull; oil, pound; ch, chaxa; g, go\ j, job; y, yes; th, tlmn, th, (/tin;
(8)
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
ij iu Dutch has a sound like that of i in pine, but more open,
that is, with less of the e-sound at the close.
o is usually sounded like o or o, in Danish and Norwegian some-
times like o in move.
6 or oe is sounded in German, Danish, and Swedish like eu in
French.
ti in Danish has a sound similar to o, but somewhat closer.
6 in Polish is sounded like o in move.
oi is usually pronounced with the sounds of the separate vowels,
in French it is like wa in war.
ou in French has the sound of o in move, in Dutch and Norwegian
that of ou in pound.
u is usually sounded as o or u ; in French, as already mentioned,
the sound is peculiar. In Danish, when short, it is sounded like e;
in Dutch, when short and followed by a consonant in the same syl-
lable, like u; when long, like ft; in Welsh, without an accent mark,
like i.
ii or ue in German is sounded like ti or tt.
ft in Welsh is sounded like e.
ui in Dutch is pronounced like oi in oil.
y is usiaally sounded like e ; in Danish, Swedish, and Polish like
the French u. In old Dutch it is used where the digraph ij is used
in modern orthography. In Welsh, without an accent mark, it has
the sound of u, except at the end of a word when it sounds like i.
f in Welsh has the sound of e in me (like the Welsh ft).
Consonants and Consonantal Digraphs.
Most of the consonants have the same sound in the languages
of the European continent using the Roman alphabet as they have
in English, but the following peculiarities are to be noted: —
b at the end of a word is often sounded in German like p. In
Spanish it is pronounced with very feeble contact of the lips so as
to be softened almost to a v-sound.
c before another consonant and before the vowels a, o, u is usually
sounded like k; in French, Danish, Swedish, and Portuguese it is
sounded in other situations like s, in Italian like ch in chain, in
Spanish like th in thin, in German like ts. In Italian where
another vowel follows ci (as well as gi or sci) the i is not sounded.
In Spanish America c is usually pronounced as s in those cases in
which in Spain it is pronounced th. In Bohemian and Polish it is
always sounded like ts, and in Welsh always like k.
9 is used in French and Portuguese to indicate the s-sound of c
before the vowels a, o, and u.
ch in Dutch, Polish, and Bohemian, as well as in German, has
the sound of ch ; in Italian it has the sound of k ; in French (except
ih, axore. French, vfte, bttt; blt^i, neuf ; h, on. German, th, nacAt.
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
in some words derived from the Greek, in which it is sounded like
k) that of sh.
cs in Hungarian has the sound of ch in chain.
cz in Polish has the sound of ch in chain, in Hungarian that
of ts.
d at the end of a word in German and Dutch is often sounded
like t. In Spanish and Danish between two vowels, and after a
vowel at the end of a word, it is softened to the sound of th, and
in the latter language the same sound is given to it even when
doubled. Strictly speaking the Spanish d is a dental d, being
sounded by placing the tip of the tongue close to the lower edge of
the upper front teeth. At the beginning of a sentence and when
the d is preceded by another consonant, whether in the same word
or another, the tongue is more firmly pressed against the teeth and
a sound like that of the English d is produced, but in other cases
the contact is so slight as to produce a sound almost exactly like
that of TH. At the end of words even this sound is almost in-
audible. When d comes after 1, n, r in Danish it is not sounded at
all, and it is still more frequently silent in the Norwegian pronun-
ciation of the language.
dd in Welsh has the sound of ?H.
di in Polish is sounded like dzy.
g before a consonant and before the vowels a, o, and u mostly has
the sound of g in go; and it has the same sound before other vowels
also in German and Danish, and in all situations in Polish and Welsh.
After a vowel it frequently has in German and Danish a guttural
sound, and in the Norwegian pronunciation of the latter language
it is often silent in that situation. In Dutch it is always a deep
guttural, except in the combinations gh and ng, the former of which
is pronounced like g in go, the latter like ng in sing. In French,
Portuguese, Spanish, and Swedish it has the sound of the j of the
same languages in all situations in which it has not the sound of g
in go, and in Italian it is then sounded like our j. (See above
under c.)
gh in Italian and Dutch has the sound of g in go.
gl in Italian has the sound of ly.
gn in French and Italian has the sound of ny.
gu in French always, and in Portuguese and Spanish before e
and i, has the sound of g in go.
gy in Hungarian has the sound of dy or dzh.
h in French, Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese is silent or scarcely
audible. In Spanish it is heard as a slight aspiration before the
combination ue. In Danish it is not sounded before j and v.
j in most languages has the sound of y, in French and Portuguese
that of zh, in Spanish that of ch. In Danish the sound of the
Danish j (that is, the sound of the consonant y) is always inter-
Fate, far, fat, fall; me, met, h6r, golden; pine, pin; note, not, mOve;
tub, bull; oil, pound; ch, cAain; g, go\ j, job; y, yes; th, then; th, thia;
(10)
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
polated after the consonants k and g before the vowels ae, 6, fi, y, and i.
In Hungarian at the end of a syllable j has the sound of e in me.
k in Norwegian before e, i, j, y, and the modifications of a and o,
is sounded like ty.
I represents in Polish a sound peculiar to that language and Russian.
It is produced by attempting to sound an 1 with the point of the
tongue directed further back in the palate than for the ordinary 1,
and with very slight contact between the tongue and palate.
Ih in Portuguese has the sound of ly (Ital. gl).
II in French in formal speech has the sound of ly, but colloquially
is generally sounded like the consonant y without any 1-sound. In
Spain it always has the former sound, but in Mexico the latter is
often substituted. In Welsh it has a peculiar sound, which is
approximately rendered when one attempts to pronounce tl at the
beginning of a syllable.
m in French and Portuguese often has the sound of n.
n. See preliminary remarks.
n in Spanish \
n in Polish f all have the sound of ny (French and Italian
H in Bohemian ^ gn).
nh in Portuguese )
qu in French always, and in Portuguese and Spanish before e and
i, is sounded like k.
■r is almost always more strongly trilled than in English.
? in Bohemian j ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^.^^ ^^^^
rz m Polish )
8 in German is usually pronounced soft, like English z, at the
beginning of a word where a vowel follows; in Hungarian it is
sounded as sh.
i in Polish has the sound of sy.
8C in Italian before e and i has the sound of sh. (See above
under c.)
sch in German has the sound of sh, but in Dutch and Italian has
that of s followed by the respective sounds of ch; in Dutch accord-
ingly it is equivalent to sch, in Italian to sk.
sk before e, i, j, y, and the modifications of a and is sounded in
Norwegian like sh.
stj in Swedish when followed by a vowel has the sound of sh.
8Z in Hungarian is sounded like s.
t in Spanish is dental like the Spanish d.
th in Welsh is sounded like th in thin, in all other European
languages using the Roman alphabet like the simple t.
tj in Swedish when followed by a vowel has the sound of ch in chain.
ts in Hungarian is sounded like ch in chain.
w in German and Dutch has a sound closely resembling that of v
zh, &nire. French, vde, bat; bl^, netif; b, 07k UMUutu, dh, uucAt.
(U)
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
produced by bringing the lips feebly into contact, not by placing the
upper teeth against the lower lip. In "Welsh it has the sound of u
in bull, or o in move.
X in Portuguese has the sound of sh ; in old Spanish spelling it
is used where j is now used to represent the sound of ch.
y is usually a vowel, but in Spanish it has also a consonantal
sound like the English y, and the same sound is heard in Hun-
garian after d, g, 1, n, and t.
z in German and Swedish has the sound of ts, in Italian sometimes
that of dz sometimes that of ts, in Spanish that of th in thin. In
Spanish America this th-sound usually gives place, like the th-sound
of c, to that of s in sing.
i in Polish has the sound of zy.
± in Polish )
z in Bohemian and Servian > all have the sound of zh.
zs in Hungarian )
B. Hints on the pronunciation of geographical names belonging to
languages not using the Roman alphabet.
The general rule regarding the spelling of such names is to spell
them in English phonetically in accordance with the prevailing
sounds of the letters of the English alphabet. In such phonetic
spellings, however, the vowels usually receive their continental
sounds (as in /ar, vein, pique, rule). In Indian and some other
Asiatic names and in Arabic names a is often used also to represent
the sound of the English u in but. The vowel digraph ai usually
represents the sound of y in fly, but sometimes (as in all Greek
names) that of a in fate; ei, most commonly that of a in fate, but
sometimes that of y in fly; au for the most part sounds as ow in
notv, but in some cases as a in faU. In the spelling of Indian
names this last digraph is often used where ^ is now mostly used, the
sound intended being that of a in far, or perhaps one somewhat
broader. The consonants j, w, y, z have as a rule their characteristic
English sounds, as in^e^, yet, well, zeal; g usually has its hard sound
as in get. Ch usually represents the sound which it has in chain;
gh sometimes that of a very rough aspirate, sometimes a sound
like that of the Northumberland or Berwickshire burr, sometimes,
before e or i, merely the hard sound of g; kh is the combination
most frequently used to represent the sound of ch; and th usually
stands for the sound which it has in thin, sometimes for that which
it has in then.
In the spelling of geographical names belonging to languages
which do not use the Roman alphabet (as also of those which were
first put in writing by Europeans) numerous variations are found
from different causes, and it will throw some light on the pronuncia-
tion to note what the principal causes of these variations are.
Fate, far, fat, fall; me, met, h6r, golden; pine, pin; note, not, move;
tub, bull; oil, pound; ch, c/iain; g, go; j, job; y, yes; in, then; th, thin;
(12)
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
1. Very often the variation is due to the irregularity in the use
of our own alphabet, which leads one person to represent the same
sound phonetically in one way, another in another. From this
cause 8 and z are frequently interchanged, as in Kasan, Kazan; so
also are oo, ou, and u, where the sound of u in bull or in rule is
intended, as in Moorzook, Mourzouk, Murzuk, &c.; and so also are
i and y, as in Ustyansk, Ustiansk; Krasnoyarsk, Krasnoiarsk.
Hence likeAvise those names which are spelled with a to represent
the sound of u in hut, are also frequently found spelled with u, as in
Pan jab, Punjab.
2. Sometimes the variation is due to the obscurity of the sounds
themselves, as where a vowel sound is so short that its exact quality
can hardly be determined, as in Bedouin, Bedawin; or where a short
vowel sound seems to one ear to make a separate syllable, while to
another ear no such syllable seems to be heard, as in Bassora, Basra;
Wargela, Wargla.
3. In other cases the variation is due to the adoption in English
of a continental mode of spelling, as where dj is adopted from the
French for j, as in Djebel for Jebel, or tch from the same lan-
guage for ch, as in Nertchinsk for Nerchinsk, Kamtchatka (the
common spelling) for Kamchatka, or j from the practice of most
continental nations for y, as in Jakutsk for Yakutsk.
When the variation in spelling is due to any of these causes, a
comparison of the different forms of the name will often serve as a
good indication of the correct pronunciation, where any one of them
might leave it doubtful ; for the correct pronunciation must be more
or less consistent with all the different forms. Thus when Bassora
is also found spelled Basra it is clear that the correct pronunciation
cannot be Basso'ra, and when Bedouin is found spelled also Bedawin,
Bedaween, &c., it shows that the accents lie on the first and third
syllables, and that the i in Bedouin is pronounced as e in me,
4. Other variations are due to the fact that the sounds to be repre-
sented have no signs for them in the Roman alphabet or any of its
commonly used digraphs, so that different signs are adopted to
represent them approximately in accordance with the conceptions
of different persons. One of the chief instances of this sort is a
sound existing in Arabic and Hindu resembling the Northum-
brian burr. Usually this sound is represented by gh, but in the case
of many Arabic names in North Africa it is often represented by
rh or r. Thus Ghadaraes is often spelled Rhadames, the tribe of the
Songhay often Sonrhay.
5. In other cases the variation is accounted for by differences of
dialect, or different pronunciations of the same dialect in different
parts of the country or region in which a particular language is
spoken. In this way arise many of the varieties of spelling in
Chinese, Indian, and Arabic names. In the last one of the most
notable dialectical peculiarities of pronunciation is in the case of
zh, azure. French, vOe, bat; bluu. ueuf ; h, on. German, 6h, nacAt.
(13)
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
the Arab character usually sounded as j, but in some parts, as in
Egypt, as g in yet. For this reason the Arabic Jebel (mountain)
is usually spelled in Egyptian names Gebel, in which g is intended
to have its hard and not its soft sound.
6. Another cause of variation is the fact that the strict rule of
phonetic spelling is sometimes departed from, and the English form
of a name is partly accommodated to the spelling of the language
to which it belongs, the same letter in that language being always
represented by the same in English, even though the pronunciation
may vary in the original language. This is frequent in Russian
names, in which the sounds of v and f, those of a and o, &c., are
often represented by the same letter, and in which the Russian
character representing the sound of a in fate or e in met sometimes
stands for the same sound preceded by that of the consonant y.
In this way are explained such variations as Kief, Kiev; Semi-
polatinsk, Semipalatinsk ; Semiryechensk, Semirechensk.
7. Lastly, the foreign spelling of a name is sometimes adopted for
native names in regions out of Europe belonging politically to
European powers. Thus Sourabaya may sometimes be seen spelled
in the Dutch fashion, Soerabaja. In Spanish and Portuguese
America this is done almost uniformly.
In Chinese the digraph ao represents the sound of a in far gliding
into that of o, the whole sound closely resembling that of ow in
now; ei represents the sound of a in fate gliding into a very short
e-sound (as in me) ; in ia, ie, iu the sounds of a, e, u are preceded by
a very short i-sound, a sound almost identical with that of the con-
sonant y; 00 (for which u is often used) usually represents the sound
of u in hull or in rule, but sometimes it represents a long o gliding
into a very short sound like that of u in bull. When o precedes
a or ei it is sounded very short so as to be almost equivalent to the
consonant w; hence we have such spellings as Whangho (or
Hwangho) and Kweichoo or Queichoo, as well as Hoangho and
Koeichoo. The initial ng is a nasal, as in the word sing (not as in
finger), and this initial sound is also met with in names belonging to
the other monosyllabic languages of Eastern Asia, as well as in
some African and New Zealand names.
In Indian, Arabic, and some other names aspirated consonants
occur, and are represented in spelling by an h following the con-
sonant, as in Bhd,galpur. The proper sound of this combination is
accurately represented by the letters composing it, but in the
English pronunciation of such names this peculiarity is commonly
In African words the consonant m used as a prefix has a short-
ened sound of um, and in the South African colonies this prefix is
so spelled, as in IJmtata, Umzila, &c. By travellers in equatorial
Africa, however, the simple m is always used, as in Mpwapwa.
Fate, far, fat, fall; me, met, h6r, golden; pine, pin; note, not, move;
tub, bull; oil, poiind; ch, c/iain; g, go; j, job; y, yes; th, tAen; th, tMn;
(U)
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Except at the end of a word y is always the consonant. Lake
Nyassa, for example, is to be pronounced as two syllables, Nyas'sa,
not in three as Ni-as'sa.
For the spelling of Maori names in New Zealand the Roman
alphabet was introduced by the English missionaries, but only four-
teen characters are required, namely, a, e, h, i, k, m, n, o, p, r, t, u, w,
and the nasal ng. The vowels have the continental sounds, and
are always sounded separately, never coalescing into a proper diph-
thong.
In the following list showing the pronunciation of geographical
names the only diacritic marks which are used are the acute, grave,
and circumflex accents (' ^ ^ ), the modification mark ( •• ), the cedilla
(4), and the tilde ("); and it will be understood that, where the
respeUing of a name indicates the pronunciation of a diacritically
marked letter not so marked in the name as given in the list, that
name is spelled with a letter so marked in the language of the
country to which it belongs. Thus, when it is stated that the
Swedish name Tomea is pronounced tor'na-o, it may be inferred,
in accordance with the rules just given, that in Swedish that name
is spelled Tomei. In respelling names to indicate pronunciation
the consonants, b, d, f, h, j, k, I, m, n, p, r, t, v, w, and 2, and the
digraphs ng, nk, and sh always have their usual English sounds, and
« always has the hissing sound as in sea. The key-line gives the
explanation of the other signs.
Note. — In consulting this List it should be kept in mind that
attention to the preceding notes indicating the variations that may
be looked for in the spelling of foreign names will often be of
assistance to those doing so in finding the name they are in search
of, since names not found under one spelling may be found under
some other equivalent spelling. Thus many names not found spelled
with c, ch, z, y, &c., may be found under the spellings k, kh, s, j,
&c. respectively ; Spanish names in x may be found spelled with j,
Dutch names in y may be found in ij, German, Danish, and other
names in ae or oe may be found in a (sometimes e) or o; and so forth.
zh, azure. French, vHe, b&t; bleti, neuf ; b, on. German, 6h, nacAt.
(15)
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Aachen, a'6hen (Ger.)
Aagerup, o'ga-rftp (Den.)
Aakirkeby, o-kerk'a-bQ (Den.)
Aar, ar (Ger. Switz.) r.
Aargau, iir'gou (Switz.)
Aarhuus, oi-'libs (Den.)
Abana, ab'a-na (Syr.) r.
Abaacay, a-ban'ki (Peru)
Abano, a'ba-no (It.)
Abasia, a-ba'sya (Rus.)
Abassabad, a-bas'sa-bad (Rus.)/<.
Abauj, o-bo'u-e (Hung.)
Abbeokuta, ab-be-6-kb'ta (Af.)
Abbeville, ab-vel' (Fr.); ab'be-vil (U.S.)
Abbitibbe, ab-bi-tib'be (Can.)
Abergavenny, ab-6r-ga-ven'ni or ab-6r-
ga'ui (Eng.)
Abergele, ab-6r-ge'li (Wales)
Aberystwith, ab-er-ist'with (Wales)
Abingdon, ab'ing-don (Eng.)
Ab-Istada, ab-i-sta'da (Afg.)
Ablis, a-ble' (Fr.)
Abo, o'bo (Rus.)
Abomey, a-bo'ma (Af.)
Aboukir, a-bo'ker (Eg.)
Abraham, ab'ra-hara (Rus.) isl.
Abrantes, a-bran'tas (Port.)
Abrets, les, laz-a-bra' (Fr.)
Abrolhos, a-brol'yos
Abruzzo, a-brot'tso (It.)
Abydos, a-be'dos (Tiir.)
Abydus, a-bi'du8(Eg.)
Abyssinia, ab-i-sin'i-a (Af.)
Acadia, a-ka'di-a (Can.)
Acadie, a-ka-de' (Can.)
Acaponeta, a-ka-p6-ua'ta (Mex.)
Acapulco, a-ka-pbrko (Mex.)
Acarai, ak-a-ra'e (S. Am.) mt.
Acarnania, a-kar-na'ne-a (Gr.)
Accumuli, ak-kb'mu-le (It.)
Acerenza, a-cha-ran'tsa (It.)
Ach, a6h(Ger.)
Acha, Sierra de, se-er'ra de a'chfi (Mex.)
Achaia, a-ka'ya (Gr.)
Achaltzik, a-6hart3ek(Rus.)
Achata, a-cha'ta (Arg. Con.) mt.
Acheen, a-chen' (Sumatra)
Achill, ak'il (Ir.)
Achray, a6h-ra'(Scot.) I.
Aciorolo, dell, dal a-cho-ro'lo (It.)
Aci Reale, a'che ra-a'la (It.)
Aconcagua, a-kon-kii'gwa (Chile)
Aconquija, a-kon-ke'6ha (Arg. Con.) mt.
Acquapendente ak-k\va-pan-dan'ta(It )
Acre, a'k6r or a'k6r (Syr.)
Actopan, ak-tb-pan' (Mex.)
Adalia, a-da'le-a (Tur.)
Adamawa, ad-a-ma'wa (Af.)
Adamello, a-da-mal'lb (It.) ivt.
Adamuz, a-THa-mbth'(Sp.) •
Adana, a-da'na (As. Mi.)
Adel, a'del (Af.)
Adelsheim, a'delz-him (Ger.)
Aden, a'den; Arab. pron. a'den (Ar.)
Aderbaijan, Aderbijan, ad-6r-bl-jan'
(Per.)
Adige, a'de-ja (It.) r.
Adirondack, ad-i-ron'dak (U. S.)
Adour, a-dbr' (Fr.) r.
Adria, a'dre-a(It.)
Adrianople, ad-re-a-n5'pl (Tur.)
Adriatic, ad-re-at'ik (It.)
-^gean.e-je'an
Aelberg, al'berg (Aust.)
Aerb, a'reu (Den.) isl.
Aerschot, ar'skot (Bel.)
Aerteholme, ar'te-hbl-me (Den.) isl.
.^tna, et'na (Sic.) int.
Afghanistan, af-ghan"i-stan' or af-gan'-
is-tan (As.)
Afium-kara-hissar,a-fybm'ka-ra-his-sar'
(Tur.)
Agades, a'ga-dez (Af.)
Agadir, a-ga'der (Mar.)
Agbosome, ag-bo-so'me (Af.)
Agde,agd(Fi-.)
Agen,a-zhah'(Fr.)
Agers, a'g6rs (Den.) isl.
Agerskov, a-g6r-skov' (Den.)
Aggebye, ag-ge-btl' (Den.)
Aggersoe, ag'g6r-seii (Den.) isl.
Agincourt, a-zhaii-kbr' (Fr.)
Aglie, alya (It.)
Agoas de Moilra, a'go-as de mo-el'ra
(Port.)
Aguajo, a-gwa'6h6 (Mex.)
Agualulco, a-gwa-lbl'kb (Mex.)
Agua Nueva, a'gwa nu-e'va (Mex.)
Aguascalientes, a ' gwas - ka - le - en " tes
(Mex.)
Aguilar, a-ge-lar' (Sp.)
Agulhas, a-gb'lyas or a-gul'as (Af.) c.
Agysoo, a-gu'sb (Rus.)/<.
Ahmedabad, ah'med-a-bad" (Ind.)
Fate, far, fat, fall; me, met, h6r, golden; pine, pin; note, not, move;
tub, bull; oil, pound; ch, cAain; g, ^70; j, job; y, j/es; TH, thtn; th, thixi\
(16) (296)
Ahm
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
AU
Ahmednuggur, ah-med-nug'g6r (Ind.)
Ahreusbok, ah'rens-beuk (Ger.)
Aiasoluk, i"a-so-luk' (As. Mi.)
Aibling, iTjleng (Ger.)
Aichach, i'Chafih (Ger.)
Aidin, i-den'(As. Mi.)
Aigle, a'gl (Switz. Fr.)
Aigues-mortes, ag-mort' (Fr.)
Aiii, aft (Fr.) dep.
Aisiie, an (Fr.) dep.
.\ivali, ^-e-va'le (A3. Mi.)
Aix, aka (Fr.)
Aix la Chapelle, aks la sha-per(Ger.)
Ajaccio. a-yfich'o (It.)
Ajnieer or Ajiuir, aj-mei-' (Ind.)
Akabah, a-ka-bah' (Ar.)
Akbarrabad, ak'bar-ra-bad" (Ind.)
Akermann, a'ker-uian (Rus.)
Akesh, a'kesh (Ru3.)
Akhal, a-Chal'(A3.)
Akhalzikh, a-6hal'tseeh (Rus.)
Akhdar, adh-dar' (Ar.)
Akhissar, iik-his-sar' (As. Tur.)
Akhtirka, aCh-tei-'ka (Rus.)
Akreyri, ak-ri're (Iceld.)
Aktatchi, ak-tat'che (Rus.)
Alabama, al-a-ba'ma (U. S.)
Alachua, a-lach'u-a (U. S.)
Alacranes, a-la-kra'nes (Mex.) isl.
Alaghir, al-ff-ger' (As. Tur.) r.
Alagoas, a-la-go'as (Braz.)
Alagon, a-la-gon' ^Sp.)
Alaguela, al-la-ga'la (Cent. Am.)
Alais, a-la'(Fr.)
Alalo, a-la'lo (Rus.)
Alameda, a-la-me'THa (Sp.)
Alamillo, a-la-mel'lyo (Sp.)
Alamomocho, a-la-mo-mo'ch6 (Mex.)
Alamora, a-ia-mo'ra (Sp.)
Aland, a'land; Swed.pron. o1and(Ru«.)
isl.
Alashehr, al-a-shahi-'(As. Mi.)
Alaska, a-las'ka (X. Am.)
Alaasio, a-las'se-o (It.)
Alatamaha, a-la-ta-ma-ha' (U. S.)
Alava, a'la-va (Sp.)
Albacete, {ll-ba-the'te(Sp.)
Alban,al-bofi'(Fr.)
Albania, al-ba'ni-a (Tur.)
Albano, al-ba'no (It.)
Albans, ^I'banz (Eng.)
Albarracln, al-bilr-ia-then' (Sp.)
Albatana, al-ba-ta'na (Sp.)
Albatera, al-ba-te'ra (Sp.)
Alhegna. al-ba'nya (It.) r.
Albemarle, al'be-marl (Eng.); al-be-
marl'(U. S.)
.Mbenga, al-ban'ga (It.)
Alberche, al-ber^ha (Sp.) r.
Alberea,ai-be-re'ft(Sp.)
Albergaria, al-ber-ga're-a (Sp.)
Alberoni, al-be-ro'ne (It.)
Albert, al-bar'(Fr.)
Albertas, ai-bar'tas (Fr.)
Albidona, al-be-do'na (It.)
Albinona, al-be-no'na (It.)
Albuera, al-bu-e'ra (Sp.)
Albula, alTjU-ia (Switz.) r.
Albuquerque, al-bu-ker'ka (Mex. Sp.)
Albury, al'b6-ri (Ni'S. W.)
Alcala, al-ka-la'(Sp.)
Aloala de Henares, al-ka-la' de e-na'res
Alcailiz, al-ka-nyeth'(Sp.)
Alcantara, al-kan'ta-ra (Sp.)
Alcantarilla, al-kan-ta-rel'lya (Sp.)
Alcaraz, al-ka-rath'(Sp.)
Alcazar de San Juan, al-ka-thar' de san
eho-an'(Sp.)
Alcino, al-che'no (It.) mt.
Alcira, al-the'ra (Sp.)
Alcobaga, al-ko-ba'sa (Port.)
Alcolea, al-ko-le'a (Sp.)
Alcoy, al-ko'e (Sp.)
Alcudia, al-kb'THe-a (Sp.)
Aldea Gallega, al-de'a ga-lye'ga (Sp.)
Alderney, al'der-ni (Eng.) isl.
Alei, a-la'e (Sib.)
Alemtejo, a-lefi-ta'zho (Port.)
Alen<;on, a-laft-sofi'(Fr.)
Alepho, a-la'fo (Rus.)
Aleppo, a-lep'po (Tur.)
Aleria, a-la-re'a (Cors.^
Alessandria, a-les-san'dre-a (It.)
Alet, a-la' (Fr.)
Aleutian, al-yb'ti-an (N. Am.) isl.
Alexandria, a-legz-an'dri-a (Eg.)
Alfaques, al-fa'kes (Sp.)
Alfldena, al-fe-da'na (It.)
Algarinejo, al-ga-re-ne'Cho (Sp.)
Algarve, al-gar'va (Port.)
Algeciras, al-Che-the'ras (Sp.)
Algeria, al-je'ri-a (Af.)
Alghero, al-ga'ro (It.)
Algiers, al-jerz' (Af.)
Algoa Bay, al-go'a ba (Af.)
Algonquin, al-gonTtwin (Can.)
Alhama, al-a'ma(Sp.)
Alhucemas, al-u-the'mas (Mar.)
Alibunar, a-le-b5-nar' (Aust.)
Alicante, a-le-kan'te (Sp.)
Alicata, a-le-ka'ta (It.)
Alicudi, a-le-ko'de (It.) isl.
Alife, a-le'fa (It.)
Alighur, a-16-ghur' (Ind.)
Ali-Musjid, a-le-mus-jed' (Afg.)
Al Jezireh, al je-ze're (As. Tur.)
Aljezur, al-cihe-thbr' (Sp.)
Allahabad, al'la-ha-bad" (Ind.)
Alleghany, al-le-ga'ni (U. S.)
Allier, ai-le-a' (Fr.)
zh, azure. French, vfie, bQt; bl»^, neuf ; b, on.
(296) (17)
Qernian, 6h, n&eht
All
PRON-OtTNCING VOCABT^tART.
Ann
Alloa, al'lo-a (Scot.)
Almachik, al'ma-chek (Rus.)
Almaden, al-ma-THen' (Sp.)
Almagro, al-ma'gro (Sp.)
Alraali, al-ma-le'(Tur.)
Almeida, al-ma'e-da (Port.)
Almenara, al-me-na'ra (Sp.)
Alraendolara, al-men-do-la'ra (It.)
Almeria, ai-me-re'a (Sp.)
Almerode, al-ma-ro'de (Ger.)
Almufiecar, al-mo-nye-kar' (Sp.)
Alnmouth, al'muth (Eng.)
Alnwick, an'ik (Eng.)
Alora, a-16'ra (Sp.)
Alost, a-16st' (Bel.)
Alpes, alp (Fr.)
Alphen, al'fen (Neth.)
Alpuj arras, al-po-6har'ras (Sp. Mex.)
Alsace, al-sas' (Ger.)
Alsbjerg, als'byerg (Den.)
Alstahoug, al-sta-houg' (Nor.)
Altai, al-ti' (As.) mts.
Altamaha, al-ta-ma-ha' (U. S.)
Altamura, al-ta-mb'ra (It.)
Altenkirchen, al'ten-ker-Chen (Ger.)
Altkirch, alt-kerCh' (Ger.)
Altona, al'to-na (Ger.)
Altona. al-to'na (Tur.)
Altring:ham, al'tring-ara (Eng.)
Aluta, a-lo'ta (Roum.)r.
Alvarado, al-va-ra'THo (Mex.)
Alvito, ai-ve'to (Sp.)
Alyth, a'lith (Scot.)
Amager, a'ma-ger (Den.) isl.
Amal, 6'mal (Swe.)
Amarapura, a-ma-ra-po'ra(Bur.)
Amaaia, a-ma'se-a (Tur.)
Amazon, am'a-zon (S. Am.)
Amazonas, am-a-zo'nas (Braz.)' am-a-
so'nas (Span. Am.)
Ambato, am-ba'to (Ecuad.)
Ambau, amnbou (Fiji) isl.
Ambert, ofi-bar' (Fr.)
Ambleteuse, oii-bl-tetiz' (Fr.)
Amboina, am-boi'na (East. Arch.) M.
Amboise, oft-bwaz' (Fr.)
Amboy, am'boi (tl. S.)
Ameland, a'me-lant (Neth.) isl.
Amersfoort, a'merz-fort (Xeth.)
Amhara, am-ha'ra (Abyss.)
Amherst, am'6rst (U. S.)
Amiens, a-me-an' (Fr.)
Amirante, am-i-rant' (Af.) isls.
Amite, a-met' (U. S.)
Amlwch, am'lok (Wales)
Amoor, a-mor' (As.) r. and dist.
Amoy, a-moi' (China)
Amposta, am-pos'ta (Sp.^
Amritsar, am-rit'sar (Ina.)
Amur, a-mor' (As.) r. and dist.
Anadolia, a-na-dole-a (Tur.)
Anagada de Fuera, a-na-ga'THa de fu-e'-
ra (Mex.)
Anahuac, a-na-wak' (Mex.)
Anam, a-nam' (As.)
Anaradhapura or Anarajapoora, a-na-
rad-ha-po'ra, a-na-ra-ja-p5'ra (Cey-
lon)
Anatolia, a-na-to'le-a (As.)
Ancachs, an-kach' (Peru)
Ancona, an-ko'na (It.)
Andalusia, an-da-lo'she-a; Sp. Andalu-
cia, an-da-lu-the'a (Sp.)
Andaman, an-da-man' (Ind.) isls.
Andelflngen, an-del-fing'en (Switz.)
Andkhoo, and-kho' (Tart.)
Andover, an'do-ver (Eng. ; U. S.)
Andreasberg, an-dra'as-berg (Ger.)
Andrews, St., sant, colloquially sint
an'droz (Scot.)
Anegada, an-e-ga'da (W. Ind.) isl.
Angerman, ong'Sr-man (Swe.)
Angermiinde, ang-6r-mtln'de (Prus.)
Angers, oii-zha' (Fr.)
Angillon, ofi-zhel-lyoh' or oh-zhe-yofi'
(Fr.)
Anglesey, ang'gl-se(Eng.)
Angola, an-go'ia (Af.)
Angora, an-go'ra (Tur.)
Angostura, an-gos-to'ra (Venez.)
Angouldme, oii-go-lam' (Fr.)
Angouraois, on-gb-mwg,' (Fr.)
Angra Pequena, ang'grii pa-kS,'na (Af.)
Anguilla, ang-gil'la (W. Ind.) M
Anholtby, an'holt-bd (Den.)
Anjer, an'yer (Java)
Anjou, oh-zho' (Fr.)
Ankobar, an-ko'bar (Abyss.)
Ankova, au-ko'va (Madag.)
Annamaboe, an-nam'a-bo (Af.)
Annapolis, an-nap'0-lis (N. S.)
Annecy, an-se' (Fr.)
Annobon, an'no-bou (Af.) isl.
Annonay, an-no-na' (Fr.)
Antakia, an-ta-ke'a (Syr.)
Antananarivo, an-ta-na-n a-re' vo
(Madag.)
Antibes, ofi-teb' (Fr.)
Antigua, an-te'ga (W. Ind.) isl.
Autino, an-te'no (It.)
Antioquia, an-te-6-ke'a (Col.)
Antisana. an-ti-sa'na (Ecuad.)
Antivari, an-te'va-re (ilonten.)
Antonio, Port, port an-to'ni-o (Jam.)
Antrim, an' trim (Ir.^
Antwerp, ant'werp (Belg.)
Anuradhapura, an-u-rad-ha-po'ra (Cey-
lon)
Fate, far, fat, fall; me, met, h6r, golden; pine, pin;
tub, bull; oil, pound; ch, cAain; g, go; j, job; y, yei
(18)
n6te, not, move;
TH, then: th, thin:
Aos
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Ass
Aosta, a-os'ta (It.)
Apaches, a-pa'ches (Mex.) tr.
Apennines, ap'e-ninz (It.)
Apenrade, a-pen-ra'de (Ger.)
Apoquido, ap-o-ke'5H6 (Chile.)
Appalachians, ap-pa-la'che-anz (U. S.)
mts.
Appalachicola, ap-pa-la-chi-ko'la (U.S.)
Appenzell, ap-pen-tsel' (Switz.)
Appomattox, ap-po-mat'toks (U. S.)
Aprouague, a-pro-ag' (Fr. Gui.) r.
Apure, a-po'ra (S. Am.)
Apurimac, a-po're-mak (S. Am.)
Aquafreddo, a-kwa-frad'do (It.)
Aquila, aTcwe-la ^It.)
Arabia, a-ra'bi-a (As.)
Aracan, a-ra-kan' (Brit. Bur.)
Arad, or'od (Aust.)/«.
Arafat, a-ra-fat' (Ar.) mt.
Aragon, a'ra-gon (Sp.)
Aragona, a-ra-go'na (It.)
Araguaya, a-ra-gwi'a (Braz.) r.
Aral, a'ral (Cent. As.)
Aranjuez, a-ran-6ho-eth' (Sp.)
Arapahoe, a-rap'a-h6 (U. S.)
Ararat, a'ra-rat (Armen.) w^
Araucania, a-rou-ka'ne-a (Chile)
Arauco, a-rou'ko (Chile)
Arbois, ar-bwa' (Fr.)
Arbroath, ar-"t)r6th' (Scot.)
Arcachon, ar-ka-shofi' (Fr.)
Arcadia, ar-ka'di-a (Gr.)
Archangel, ark-an'jel; Russian pron.
ark-ang'gel (Rus.)
Archipelago, ar-ki-pel'a-go
Arcole, ar'ko-la (It.)
Arcot, ar-kot' (Ind.)
Ardahan, ar-da-han' (Tur.)
Ardchattan, ard-chat'tan (Scot.)
Ardebeel, ai-'de-bel (Per.)
Ardeche, ar-dash' (Fr.)
Ardennes, ar-den' (Fr. Bel.)
Ardnamurchan, ard - na - mur ' dhan
(Scot.)
Ardoch, iir'dofih (Scot.)
Ardres, ar'dr (Fr.)
Ardrishaig, ard-nsh'&g (Scot.)
Arena, a-ra'na (It.) r.
Arenas, a-re'nas (Sp. ; Mex.)
Arequipa, a-re-kg'pa (Peru)
Arevalo, a-re-va'I6 (Sp.)
Arezzo, a-rat'tso (ItJ
Argeles, ar-zhe-la (Fr.)
Argens, ar-zhoh' (Fr.)
Argentaro, ar-jan-ta'ro (It.) mt.
Argentat, ar-zhoh-ta' (Fr.)
Argon teuil, ar-zhoft-tefl-e'lye or ftr-
zhaft-teft-e'ye (Fr.)
Argentiferes, ar-zhoft-te-ar' (Fr.)
Argentine (Confederation), ar'jen-tln;
Sp. Confederacion Argentina, kon-
fed-e-ra'thi-6n ar-6hen-te'na (S.
Am.)
Argenton, ar-zhofi'tofi (Fr.)
Arghandab, ar-gund'ab (Afg.)
Argostoli, ar-gos'to-le (Gr.)
Argyle, ar-gil' (Scot.)
Ariano, a-re-a'no (It.)
Arica, a-rSTca (Chile)
Arifege, a-re-azh' (Fr.)
Arignano, a-re-nya'no (It.)
Arish, el, el a'resh (Eg.)
Arispe, a-res'pe (Mex.)
Arizona, a-ri-zo'na (U. 3.)
Arjonilla, ar-fiho-nel'lya (Sp.)
Arkansas, ar-kan-sa or ar-kan'sas (U.S.)
Aries, arl (Fr.)
Armagh, ai'-ma' (Ir.)
Armagnac, ar-ma-nyak'(Fr.)
Armenia, ar-me'ni-a (Tur.)
Armentiferes, ar-mon-tyar' (Fr.)
Arnemuiden, ar-ne-moi'den (Hol.)
Arnould, ar-nbl' (Fr.)
Aroa, a-ro'a (Venez.)
Aroe. See Arroo.
Aroostook, a-rbs'tuk (U. S.)
Arouat, el, el a-rb'wat (Af.)
Arpajon, ar-pa-zhoh' (Fr.)
Arpino, ar-pe'no (It.)
Arques, ark (Fr.)
Arras, ar-ra' (Fr.)
Arrecife, ar-ra-se'fe (Can. Isls.)
Arrochar, ar'ro6h-ar (Scot.)
Arroo, Arru, ar'ro (East. Arch.) isls.
Arth, art (Switz.)
Artois, ar-tws,' (Fr.)
Artuan, ar-to'an (Tur.)
Aruba, a-ro'ba (S. Am.) isl.
Arundel, a 'run -del (Eng.); a-run'del
(U. S.)
Aruwimi, ar-u-we'me (Af.) r.
Ascalon, a3'ka-lon(Syr.)
Ascension, as-sen'shon (Atl. Oc.^ isl.
Aschaffenburg, a-shaffen-borg (Bav.)
Aschersleben, ash'ferz-la-ben (Prus.)
Ascoli Piceno, as'ko-le pe-cha'no (It.)
Ashantee, a-sMn'te or ash-an-te' (Af.)
Asia, a'shi-a
Asinara, a-se-na'ra (It.)
Asir, a-ser' (Ar.)
Aspropotamos, as-pro-pot'a-moB (Gr.)
Assam, as-sam' (Ind.)
Assaye, as-si'(Ind.)
Asseerghur, as-ser-ghur' (IndL)
Assen, as'8«n (Neth.)
Assiniboine, as-sin'i-boin (Can.)
Assisi, as-se'ze (It.)
Assmannshausen, as'manz-houz-en
(Ger.)
Assouan, as-sd-an' (Eg.)
zh, azure. French, vte. bftt;
bltSti, netif; h, on.
(19) .
German, 6h, nacAt.
Ast
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Bal
Astara, a<?'ta-ra (Transcauc.)
Asterabad, as-te-ra-bad' (Per.)
Astrakhan, as-tra-kiiu' ; E,us, prou. as-
tra-Chan' (Rus.)
Aaturias, as-tb're-aa (Sp.)
Atacama, a-ta-ka'ma (Chile)
Atbara, at-ba'ra (Xubia)
Atchafalaya, ach-a-fa-li'ya (U. S.)
Athabasca, a-tha-bas'ka (Can.)
Athenry, ath-en-ri' (Ir.)
Athens, ath'enz fGr.)
Athlone, ath-lon' (Ir.)
Athy, a-thi' (Ir.)
Atrato, a-tra'to (Col.) r.
Aube, 6b (Fr.)
Aubigny, o-be-nye' (Fr.)
Aubusson, o-btis-soh' (Fr.)
Auch, osh (Fr.)
Auchinleck,a6h-en-lek'oraf-flek'(Scot.)
Auchterarder, aCh-tfer-ar'der (Scot.)
Auchtermuchty, aeh-t6r-mu6h'ti (Scot. )
Aude, 6d (Fr.)
Audenarde, 6-de-nard' (Belg.)
Aue, ou'e (Ger.) r.
Auerbach, ou'6r-ba6h (Ger.)
Augsburg, ougz'borg (Ger.)
Aullagas, oul-ya'ga3(Bol.)
Ault, 61 (Fr.)
Aumale, 6-mal' (Fr.)
Aunis, 6-ne' (Fr.)
Aurillac, o-rel-lyak' or 6-re-yak' (Fr.)
Aurungabad, a-rung-ga-bad' (Ind.)
Austerlitz, ous'ter-lets (Aust.)
Australasia, as-tral-a'shi-a
Australia, j,s-tra'li-a
Autun, 6-tun' (Fr.)
Auvergne, 6-ver'nye (Fr.)
Auxerre, 6s-sar' (Fr.)
Auxonne, 6s-son' (Fr.)
Aveiro, a-va'e-r6 (Port.)
Avellino, a-val-le'no (It.)
Avesnes, a- van' (Fr.^
Aveyron, a-va-r6h' (Fr.) dep.
Avignon, a-ve-nyoh' (Fr.)
Avila, a'vi-la (Sp.)
Avoyelles, a-voi-elz', popularly a-vi'el
(U. S.)
Avranches, a-vroftsh' (Fr.)
Ayacucho, a-ya-ko'cho (Peru)
Ayasoluk. See Aiasoluk.
Aymara, i-ma-ra' (S. Am.) tr.
Ajrr, ar (Scot.)
Ayuthia, a-ybfhe-a (Siani.)
Azerbaijan, Azerbijan, a-z6r-bi-jan'
(Per.)
Azof, az'of ; Rus. pron. a-zof (Rus.)
Azores, a-z6rz' or a-zo'res
Azua de Compostela, a-z6'a de kom-
pos-tel'a (Hayti)
Azuay, az-u-i' (Ecuad.)
Azuey, a-z6'a (Hayti)
B.
Baalbec, bal-bek' (Syr.)
Baardwijk, bard'vik ^Neth.)
Babadagh, ba-ba-dag' (Bulg. )
Babelmandeb, ba-bel-man'deb (Ar.)
Bacchiglione, bak-ke-ly5'na (It.)
Bacharach, ba-6ha-ra6h' (Ger.)
Bacs, bach (Hung.)
Badagry, ba-da'gri (Af.)
Badajoz, ba-THa-6h6th' (Sp.)
Badakhshan, bud-u6h-shan' (As.)
Badalona, ba-THa-16'na (Sp.)
Baden, ba'den (Ger.; Switz. ; Aust.)
Badenoch, bad'en-o6h (Scot.)
Badenweiler, ba'den-vM6r (Ger.)
Bagamoyo, bag-a-moi'6 (E. Af.)
Bagdad, bag-dad' (Tur.)
Bagnferes de Bigorre, ba-nyai''d6-be-g6r'
(Fr.)
Bagnferes de Luchon, ba-nyar' d6-lti-
sh6n'(Fr.)
Bagnes, ba'nye (Switz.)
Bagnols, ba-ny6r (Fr.)
Bahamas, ba-ha'maz (W. Ind.) isU.
Bahawulpoor, ba-ha'wul-p6i-" (Ind.)
Bahia, bi"-e'a (Braz.)
Bahiuda, ba-hy6'da(Af.)
Bahlingen, ba'ling-en (Ger.)
Bahrein, ba-ra'en (Ar.) ids.
Bahr-el-Abiad, bar-el-ab'e-ad (Af.)
Bahr-el-Azrek, bar-el-az'rek (Af.)
Baiern, bi'6rn (Ger.)
Baikal, bi'kal (Sib.;) I.
Bailar, bi'lar (Rus.)
Bailen, ba-e-len' (Sp.)
Baileschdi, bi-lash'de (Tur.)
Bairamdere, bl-ram'da-ra (Tur.)
Baireuth, bi'roit (Ger.)
Bajezid, ba-ya-zed' (Tur.)
Bakchili, bak-che'le (Rus.)
Bakhteghan, baCh-ta-chan' (Per.) I
Bakonyer Wald, ba-k5n'yer vald (Hung. )
Baktchiserai, bak'che-sa-ra"l (Rus.)
Bala, ba'la (Wales)
Balaclava, ba-la-kla'va (Rus.) h.
Balaghauts, ba'la-gats (Ind.)
Balaguer, ba-la-ger' (Sp.)
Balakhna, ba-la6h'na (Rus.)
Balasore, ba-la-sor' (Ind.)
Balaton, bal'a-ton; Hung. Bdlatony,
ba'la-tony (Hung.) I.
Balbriggan, bal-brig'gan (Ir.)
Fate, far, fat, fall; me, met, h6r, golden; pine, pin; note, not, move;
tub, bull; oil, pound; ch, cAain; g, go; j, job; y, yes; th, «Aen; th, thva.\
(20)
Bal
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Bel
B41e, bal (Switz.)
Balfrush, bal-frosh' (Per.)
Bali, bale (East. Arch.) isl.
Balize, ba-lez' (Cent. Am.)
Balkan, bal-kan' (Tur.) vit.
Balkh, baldh (Tart.)
Ballarat, bal-k-rat' (Austral.)
Ballina, bal-li-na' (Ir.)
Ballinasloe, bal-li-nas-16' (Ir.)
Ballon, bal-lon' (Fr.)
Ballymena, bal-li-me'na (Ir.)
Balsamo, Costa de, kos'ta de bal-sa'mo
(Cent. Am.)
Baltic, bal'tik, sea
Baltimore, bal'ti-mor (U. S.)
Balukha, ba-lo'Cha (As.) mt.
Banat, ba-nat' (Aust.)
Banff, bamf (Scot.)
Bangalore, bang-ga-loi-' (Ind.)
Bangor,bang'g6i-(Wales);bang'gor(U.S.)
Bangweolo, bang-we-o'lo (Af.) I.
Banjermassin,ban-jer-nias'sen (Borneo)
BankuUan, ban-kul'lan (East. Arch.)
Bannalec, ban-na ]ek'(Fr.)
Bannockburn, ban'nok-b6rn (Scot.)
Baiios, ba'nyOs (Sp.)
Bantam, ban-tam' (Java)
Banya, Nagy, nodzh-ban'ya (Hung.)
Bapaume, ba-p6m' (Fr.)
Baraba, ba-ra-ba' (Sib.)
Baratala, ba-ra-ta'la (As.) I.
Barbados, bar-ba'doz (W. Ind.)
Barbary, bar'ba-ri (Af.)
Barbuda, bar-bb'da (W. Ind.)
Barcellos, bar-thellyos (Sp.)
Barcelona, bar-the-16'na (Sp.)
Barcelonetta, bar-the-lo-net'ta (Sp.)
Barcelonette, bar-se-lo-net' (Fr.)
Bareges, ba-razh' (Fr.)
Bareily, ba-ra'i-li (Ind. )
Barfleur, bar-fleiir'(Fr.)
Barile, ba-re'la (It.)
Barnaul, bar-nii'ul (Sib.)
Baroach, ba-roch' (Ind.)
Baroda, ba-ro'da (Ind.)
Barquisimeto, bar-ke-se-me'to (Venez.)
Barranquilla, bar-ran-kel'ya (Col.)
Barrosa, bJir-ro'feJi (Sp.)
Bars, barsh (Hung.)
Barth^l^my, bar-ta-la-me' (Fr.)
Basarjik, ba-sar'jik (Tur.)
Basel, ba'z«l (Switz.)
Baailicata, ba-ze-le-fea'ta (It.)
Basques, Hade des, rad da biisk (Fr.)
Bassano, bas-sft'no (It.)
Bassora, bas'so-ra (Tur.)
Bastia, bas-te'il (It.)
Basuto, ba-sb'to (Af.)
Batanai, bJi-tU-nr (Rus.)
Batavis, ba-ta'vi-a (Java)
Bathurst, ba'thSrst (Austral.)
Baton Rouge, bat'un rbzh (V. S.)
Batonya, ba-ton'ya (Aust.)
Batoum, ba-tbm' (Tur.)
Battaglia, bat-talya (It.)
Baturin, ba'tu-rin (Rus.)
Baxuyen, baks-u-yen' (Fr. Coch. Chi.)
Bayazid, bi-a-zed' (Arm.)
Bayeux, ba-yeti' (Fr.)
Baylen. See Bailen.
Bayona, ba-yo'na (Sp.^
Bayonne, ba-yon' (Fr.)
Bayonne, ba-yon'ne (Mex.)
Eayoudouri, ba-yb-db'ri (Tur.)
Bayreuth, bi'roit (Ger. )
Bayuda, ba-yb'da (Af.)
Bazarchik, ba-zai-'chek (Rus.)
Beaminster, bem'in-st6r (Eng.)
Beam, ba-ar' (Fr.)
Beas, be'as (Ind.) r.
Beaufort, bo-for' (Fr.) ; bo'fort (U. S. ;
Cape Col.)
Beaugency, bo-zhon-se' (Fr.)
Beauharnois, bo-har'na (Can.)
Beaujolais, b6-zho-la'(Fr.)
Beaulieu, bii'li (Eng.); bo-lyeV(Fr.)
Beaumaris, bo-ma'ris (Wales)
Beaume, le, 16 bom (Fr.)
Beaumont, b5-m6ft' (Fr.)
Beaupr^au, bo-pra-6' (Fr.)
Beauvais, bo-va' (Fr.)
Beau voir, bo-vwar' (Fr. )
Bechev, ba-chav' (Rus.)
Becskerek, bech-ka'rek (Hung.)
B^darieux, ba-da-re-eu' (Fr.)
Bedfordshire, bed'ford-sh6r or bed'-
ford-shlr (Eng.)
Bedouin or Beduin, hed'u-eti"
Beerbhoom, ber-bhom' (Ind.)
Behbehan, ba-be-hau' (Per.)
Behrend, ba'rent (Pi'us.)
Behring's Strait, ba'ringz strat
Beilitskoi, bi-lits'ko-e (Rus.)
Beira, ba'e-ra (Port.)
Beirout or Beirut. See Beyroot.
Beja, ba'zha (Port.)
Bejapoor, be-ja-pbr' (Ind.)
Bekes, ba-kesh' (Hung.)
Belem, ba-lefi' (Port. )
Belfast, bel-fast' (Ir.); bel'fast (U. S.)
Belgaum, bel-goum' (Ind.)
Belgiojoso, bal-jo-yo'so (It)
Belgradchik, bal-grat'chek (Tur.)
Belgrade, bel-grad' (Servia)
Belize, bel-ez' (Brit. Hond.)
Bellano, bel-la^no (It.)
Belle Alliance, bel al-le-ofis' (Bel.)
Bellefontaine, bel-fbfi-tan' (Fr.); bel-
fon'ten (U. S.)
Belle Isle, bel U (N. Am.)
zh, azure.
French, vtte, bQt; bltjt, netif;
(21)
t, on. German, ch, n&cht.
Bel
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
BjO
Bellinzona, bel-len-tso'na (Switz.)
Bellunese, bel-lo-na'za (It.)
Belluno, bel-lo'no (It.)
Belmonte, bel-mon'te (Sp.); bel-mont'
(U. S.)
Beloochistan, be-lo-chis-tan' (As.)
Belorado, be-lo-ra'TH6 (Sp.)
Benares, be-na'res (Ind.)
Benbecula, ben-bek'yu-la (Scot.)
Bencoolen, ben-kolen (Sumatra)
Bendigo, ben'di-go (Austral.)
Bengal, ben-gal' (Ind.)
Bengazi, ben-ga'ze (Tripoli)
Benguela, ben-ga'la (Af.)
Benicarlo, be-ne-kai-'lo (Sp.)
Benin, ben-en' (Af.)
Benisueff, ba-ne-swef (Eg.)
Benkoelen, ben-ko'Ien (Sumatra)
Bentheim, bent'Jiim (Ger. )
Beraun, be-roun' (Aust.) r.
Berbera, ber-ba'ra (Af . )
Berberino, bar-ba-re'no (It.)
Berbice, bSr-bes' (Gui. )
Berchtesgaden, ber^h'tes-ga-den (Ger.)
Beresina, ba-res'i-na (Rus.)
Berezan, ba-ra-zan'(Ru3.) id.
Berezov, ba-ra-zof (Rus.)
Bergama, ber'ga-ma (As. Mi.)
Bergamo, bar'ga-mo (It.)
Bergen, ber'gen (Nor.)
Bergen - op - Zoom, ber' 6hen - op - zom
(Neth.)
Beringen, ba'ring-en (Switz.)
■ Berkhampstead, berk'ham-sted (Eng.)
Berkshire, b6rk'sher or berk'shir (Eng.)
Berlichingen, bai-ledh-ing-en (Ger.)
Berlikura, bar'le-kum (Neth.)
Berlin, bar-len' (Prus.)
Bermudas, b6r-myo'daz, isls.
Bemera, b6r'ne-ra (Scot.) isl.
Berrima, ber'ri-ma (Austral.) r.
Berthier, b6r'te-a (Can.)
Bertischwyl, bai-'tesh-vel (Switz.)
Berwick, b6r'ik (Scot.)
BesauQon, ba-zoft-s6fi' (Fr.)
Besika, ba-se'ka (Tur.) b.
Bessarabia, bes-sa-ra'bi-a (Rus.)
Betanzos, be-tan'thos (Sp.)
B^thune, ba-tttn'(Fr.)
Bettona, bet-to'ua (It.)
Bettws, bet'tiiz (Wales)
Beuthen, boi'ten (Prus.)
Bevedero, be-ve-de'ro (Arg.Con.) I.
Beveland, ba'va lant (Neth.)
Beveren, ba'v6-ren (Neth.)
Beverwijk, ba'v6r-vik (Neth.)
Bevilacqua, ba-vel-a'kwa (It.)
Bewdley, biid'li (Eng.)
Bex, beks (Switz.)
Beyra, ba'e-ra (Port.)
Beyroot or Beii'ut, Turkish pron. bi'rbt,
Arab. pron. ba'rbt (Syr.)
Beziers, ba-ze-a' (Fr.j
Bezoara, be-zo-a'ra (Ind.)
Bhaugulpore, bha-gul-por' (Ind.)
Bhopaul, bho-pal' (Ind.)
Bhotan, bho-tan' (Ind.)
Bhurtpoor, bhurt-poi-' (Ind.)
Biafra, bi-a'fra (Af.)
Bialystok, be-yalus-tok (Rus.)
Biarritz, be-ar-rets'(Fr.)
Bibbiena, bib-be-a'na (It.)
Bibbona, bib-bo'na (It.)
Biberach, be'be-ra6h (Ger.)
Bicanere, be-ka-uei*' (Ind.)
Bicester, bis'ter (Eng.)
Bidassoa, be-THas-s6'a (Sp.)
Bideford, bid'e-ford (Eng.)
Bidschow, bed-sho' (Bohem.)
Biecz, byech (Aust. Gal.)
Bielaia Tserkov, be-a-la'ya ts6r-kof'
(Rus.)
Bielefeld, be'le-felt (Ger.)
Bielgorod, be-al'go-rod (Rus.)
Bielitz, belets (Aust.)
Bielo, be-ya'16 (Rus.) I.
Bielo Ozero, be-ya'lo 6-za'ro (Rus.)
Bielsk, be-yalsk' (Rus.)
Bienne, be-en' (Switz.) I.
Bienvenida, be-en-ve-ne'THa (Sp.)
Biervliet, bei-'vlet (Neth.)
Biesbosch, bes'bosch (Neth.)
Biggleswade, big'glz-wad (Eng.)
Bihacs, be-hach' (Bosnia)
Bilbao, bel-ba'o(Sp.)
Biledulgerid, bil-ed-ul-je-red' (Af.)
Billericay, biri6-ri-ka (Eng.)
Billiton, billi-ton (East. Arch.) isl.
Binasco, be-nas'ko (It.)
Bindrabund, bin'dra-bund (Ind.)
Bingen, bfing'en (Ger.)
Biobio, be-o-be'6 (S. Am.) r.
Birkenfeld, ber'ken-felt (Ger.)
Birkenhead, b6i-'ken-hed (Eng.)
Birket - el - Kerun, ber - kat ' el - ka-ron"
(Eg.)
Bii-mingham, b6r'ming-am (Eng.)
Bisaccia, be-sach'a (It.)
Bisceglie, be-shal'ya (It.)
Bischweiler, bish-vil'er (Ger.)
Bisignano, be-se-nya'no (It.)
Biskra, bes'kra (Af.)
Bissagos, bes-sa'gos (Af.) isls.
Bissao, bes-sa'o (Af.)
Bissayas, bes-si'as (Philip.)
Biwano-Oumi, be-wa'no-o"me (Jap.)
Bizerta, be-zar'ta (Tunis)
Bjbrkb, byetir'keu (Swe.)
Fate, far, fat, fall; me, met, h6r, golden; pine, pin; note, not, move;
tub, bull; oil, pound; ch, cTiain; g, fl'o; j,joh; y, 2/es; SEH, t^en; th, <Ain;
(22)
Bjo
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Bra
Bjomeboi^, byeiir'ne-borg (Rus.)
Blaavand's Hook, blo'vand (Den.)
Blair- Athole, blar-ath'ol (Scot.)
Blairgowrie, blar-gou'ri (Scot.)
Blanc, le, le Won' (Fr.) mt.
Blankenberghe, blanTcen-berg (Bel.)
Blankenese, blan-ke-na'za (Den.)
Blankenhain, blang'ken-hin (Ger.)
Blantyre, blan-tir' (Scot.)
Blaye, bla (Fr.)
Blegno. bla'nyo (Switz.) val.
Bleiskwijk, blisk'vik (Neth.)
Blekinge, bla'king-e (Swe.)
Blenheim, blen'im ; Germ. pron. bleu'-
him (Bav.)
Bleybach, bliOjath (Switz.)
Bligh, bli (Austral.)
Blois, biwa (Fr.)
Blokzijl, biok'zil (Neth.)
Bloomfontein, blbm'fon-ten (S. Af.)
Jiludenz, blo'dents (Aust.)
Bobbio, bob'be-o (It.)
Bobrov, bo-brof (Rus.)
Bocage, bo-kazh' (Fr.)
Bochetta Pass, bo-ket'ta (It.)
Bochnia, bo6h'ne-a (Aust. Gal )
Bocholz, bo'iholz (Neth.)
Bochum, bo6h'om (Ger.)
Bodensee, bo'den-ze (Ger.) I.
Bceotia, be-6'shi^ (Gr.)
Bog, bog (Rus.) r.
Bogoie\ lensk, bo-go'yef-lensk (Rus.)
Bogoroditsk, bo'go-rod-itsk (Rus.)
Bogorodsk, bo'go-rodsk (Rus.)
Bogota, bo-go-ta' (Col.)
Bohemia, bo-he'mi-a (Aust.)
Bbhmen, beu'men (Aust.)
Bohmerwald, beu'mer-vald (Bohem.)
Bohol, bo-hol'miilip.)
Bohus, bo'hijs (Swe.)
Bois le Due, bw^ 16 dOk (Neth.)
Boizenburg, bo-et'sen-borg (Ger.)
Bojador, bo'ya-dor (Af.) c.
Bojano, bo-ya'no (It.)
Bokhara, b6-dha'ra (Tur.)
Bolan, bo'lan (Afg.)
Bolivar, bo le'var(S. Ara.>
Bolivia, b6-li've-a (S. Am.)
Bolobo, bo'io-bo (Af.)
Bologna, bo-lo'nya (It.)
Bolognese, bo-lo-nya'za (It.)
Bolonchen, bo-lon-chen' (Mex.)
Bolsena, bol-sa'na (It.)
Bolaward, bols'vard (Neth.)
Bolzano, bol-tsa'no (Aust.)
Bomarsund, bo'mar-sond (Rus.)
Bombay, bom-ba' (Ind.)
Bonaire, bd-nar' (W. Ind.)
Bondeno, b<5n-da'n6 (It.)
Bonhlll, bonTiil (Scot.)
Boni, bo-ne' (Celebes)
Bonifaccio, bo-ne-fat'cho (It.)
Bonin, bo-nen' (Pac. Oc.) isls.
Bonito, bo-ne' to (It.)
Bonnetable, bon-ta'bl (Fr.)
Bonoa, bo-no'a (East. Arch.)
Boodroom, bbd-rbm' (Tur.)
Boorhanpoor, bbr-han-pbr' (Ind.)
Bootan, bo-tan' (Ind.)
Boothia, boTH'i-a (N. Am.)
Borabora, b6'ra-bo"ra (Soc. Isls.)
Boras, bo'ros (Sc. Pen.)
Borculo, bor-ku-lo' (Neth.)
Bordeaux, bor-do' (Fr.)
Bordelais, bor-de-la' (Fr.)
Borga, bor'go (Finland)
Bormida, bor-me'da (It.) r.
Bormio, bor'me-6 (It.)
Borneo, boi-'ne-o (East. Arch.) isl.
Bornholm, born'holm (Swe.)
Bornu, bor no' (Af.)
Borodino, bo-ro-de-no' (Riis.)
Borregaard, boi-'re-gord (Den.)
Borsod, bor'shod (Hung.)
Borssele, bors'se-la (Neth.)
Bosna-serai, bos-na-se-ri' (Bosnia)
Bosnia, boz'ne-a
Bosporus, bos'po-rus (Tur.)
Bothnia, Gulf of, both'ne-a (Rus.)
Bottaro, bot-ta'ro (It.) isl.
Bouches-du-Rhone, bbsh'dil-rou (Fr.)
Boug or Bug, bog (Rus.) r.
Bougie, bb-zhe' (Alg.)
Bougival, bb-zhe-val' (Fr.)
Bouillon, bbl-yoh' or bo-yoh' (Bel.)
Boulac, or Boolak, bb-lak' (Eg.)
Boulganack, bbl-ga'nak (Rus.) r.
Boulogne, bo-lo'nye (Fr.)
Bourbon, bbr-bon' (Af.) isl.
Bourbonnais, or Bourbonnois, bbr-bon-
na' (Fr. )
Bourganeuf, bbr-ga-neuf (Fr.)
Bourges, bbrzh (Fr.)
Bourgoin, bbr-gwafi' (Fr.)
Bou-sada, bo-sa'da (Alg.)
Boussa, bus'sa (Af.)
Bo vernier, bo-var-ne-a' (Switz.)
Boviano, bo-ve-a'no (It.)
Bovlno, bo-ve'no Tit.)
Bowdoin, ho'den (U. S.^
Bowling, bo'ling (Scot.)
Boxmeer, boks'mar (Neth.)
Boxtel, boks'tel (Neth.)
BoyacA, bo-ya-ka' ^ol. )
Brabant, N. and S., braljant or bn-
bant' (Neth.)
Bracciano, brat-chA'no (It.)
Braemar, bra-mar' (Scot.)
Braganza, bra-gan'za (Port.)
Brahestad, bra'ha-stat (Rus.)
zh, azure.
French, rde, bat; bl^, netif ; fi, gn.
(28)
German, ib. na<:^t.
Bra
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Bye
Brahilov or Brahilow, bra-he-lov' (Tur. )
Brahmapootra, bra-ma-po'tra (lud.) r.
Braila, bra-e'la (Tm\)
Braine I'alleud, bran lal-leu' (Bel.)
Braine le Compte, bran le coiit (Bel.)
Brake, bra'ke (Ger.)
Brambanan, bram-ba'nan (Java)
Brandenburg, bran'deu-bbrg (Prus.)
Brazil, bra-zil'
Breadalbane, bred-al'ban (Scot.)
Brechin, brefih'in (Scot.)
Brecknockshire, brek'nok-sh6r, brek'
nok-shir (Eng.)
Brecon, bre'kon (Wales)
Breda, bra-da' (Xeth.)
Bregagiia, bra-ga'lya (It.)
Bregenz, bra'gents (Aust.)
Brehar, bre'har (Chan. Isls.)
Brehat, bra-ha' (Fr.) isl.
Breisgau, bns'gou (Ger.)
Bremen, bra'meu (Ger.^
Bremerhafen, bra'mer-lia-feu (Ger.)
Brescia, bra'she-a or bra'sha (It.)
Breslau, bras'lou (Prus.)
Brest, brest(Fr.)
Bretagne, bra-ta'nye (Fr.)
Breteuil, bra-teu-e'lye or bra-teti-e'ye
(Fr.)
BrianQon, bre-on-s6fi' (Fr.)
Bricquebec, brek-bek' (Fr.)
Bridlington, brid'ling-ton ; popularly
pronounced and often written Bur-
lington (Eng.)
Brienne le Chateau, bre-en' 16 sha-to'
(Fr.)
Brienz, bre'ents (Switz.)
Brieuc, St., san bre-euk' (Fr.)
BrignoUes, bre-nyol' (Fr.)
Brindisi, bren'de-se (It.)
Britannia, bri-tan'ni-a
Brittany, brit'ta-ni (Fr.)
Brives, brev (Fr.)
Brixen, brek'sen (Aust.)
Brixham, briks'ani (Eng.)
Brizina, bre-ze'na (Alg.)
Brody, bro'di (Aust.)
Bromley, brum'Ii (Eug.)
Bromsgrove, brumz'grov (Eng.)
Bromwich, brum'ich (Eng.)
Bronnitzy, bron-nit'zu (Rus.)
Brooklyn, bruk'lin (U. S.)
Broughtyiferry, bra'ti-fe-ri (Scot.)
Broussa, bros'sa (Tur.)
Brouwershaven, brou'verz-ha-ven
(Xeth.)
Brozas, bro'thas (Sp.)
Bruchsal, broCh'sal (Ger.)
Bruges, brtlzh (Fr.)
Bruhl, brtil (Ger.)
Brunei, bro-ni' (Borneo)
Briinn, briln (Aust.)
Brunswick, brunz'wik (Ger.)
Briix, braks (Bohem.)
Bruxelles, brfl-sel' (Bel.)
Brzesc, bzhests (Pol.)
Brzezauy, bzha-za'ne (Aust. Gal.)
Brzozow, bzho'zov (Aust. Gal.)
Bucellas, bo sal'las (Port.)
Buchan, bu6h'an (Scot.)
Buchanan, bu-kan'an, not byu-kan'an
(Scot, and U. S.)
Bucharest, bb'ka-rest (R«nini.)
Buchholz, bb6h'holts (Ger.).
Biickeburg, bil'ke-bbrg (Ger.)
Buckie, buk'i (Scot.)
Buda, bb'da; Hungar. pron. bo'do
(Hung.)
Budukshan, bud-u6h-shan' (As.)
Budweis, bod' vis (Aust.)
Buenaveutui'a, bu-e-na-ven-tb'ra(Mex.)
Buena Vista, bu-e'na ves'ta (Mex.)
Buen Ayre, bwen i'ra (S^ Am.) isl.
Buenos Ayres, bii-e'nos I'res (S. Am.)
Buffalora Pass, bbf-fa-16'ra (Switz.)
Bug or Boug, bbg (Rus.) r.
Buggenhout, bug'gen-hout; French
pron. btlg-gon-hb' (Bel.)
Bugulma, bb-gul'ma (Rus.)
Builth, bilth (Wales)
Buitenzorg. boi'ten-zorg (Java)
Bujalance, bb-6ha-lan'tlie (Sp.)
Bukharia, Little, bb-ka're-a (Cent. As.)
Bukowina, bb-kb-ve'na (Aust.)
Bulacan, bb-la-kan' (Philip.)
Bulante, bu-lan'ta (Celebes)
Bulgaria, bul-ga'ri-a (Tur.)
Bulti, bul'te(As.)
Buncombe, bungk'um (U. S.)
Bundelcund, bun'del-kund (Ind.)
Bunzlau, bbnts'lou (Prus.)
Burdwan, burd-wan' (Ind.)
Burghausen, bbrg-houz'en (Ger.)
Biirglen, bflr'glen (Switz.)
Burgos, bbr'gos (Sp.)
Burgundy, ber'gun-di (Fr.)
Burmah, bei-'nia (As.)
Burntisland, b^rnt-i'land (Scot.)
Bursa, bbr'sa (Tur.)
Burtscheid, bbrt'shid (Ger.)
Bury, ber'i (Eng.)
Buseo, bb'sa-o (Tur.)
Bushire, bb-sher' (Per.)
Bussaher, bus'sa-h6r (Ind.)
Bussorah, bus'so-rah (Tur.)
Butte vant, but'te-vant (Ir.)
Buxtehude, bbks-ta-hb'de (Ger.)
Buyukdere, bb-ybk-da'ra (Tur.)
Byen, bti'en (Den.) isl.
Fate, far, fat, fall; me, met, h6r, golden; pine, pin; note, not, move;
tub, bull; oil, pound; ch, cAain; g, go; j, job; y, yes; TH, «Aen; th, fAin;
(24)
Cab
PRONOU^'CINQ VOCABULARY.
Cas
c.
Cabanes, ka-ba'nes (Sp.)
Cabarras, ka-bai-'ras (U. S.)
Cabellos da Velha, ka-bel'los da vel'ya
(Braz.)
Cabrera, ka-bre'ra (Sp.) isl.
CabiU or Cabool, k^Tjul (Afg.)
Cabulistan, ka-bol-is-tSu' (As.)
Caceres, ka-thie'res (Sp.)
Cauhao, kach'ii-o, almost kach'ou
(Anam)
Cachoeira, ka-cho-a'e-ra (Braz.)
Cadiz, ka'diz ; Span. pron. ka-THeth'
(Sp.)
Caen, kon (Fi-.)
Caerleon, kar-le'on (Eng.)
Caermarthen, kar-mar'THen (Wales)
Caernarvon, kar-nar'von (Wales)
Cagliari, ka'lya-re (Sardin.)
Cahir, ka'6r (Ir.)
Cahors, ka-or' (Fr.)
Caicos, ki'kos (W, Ind.)
Cairo, ki'r6(Eg.)
Caithness, kath'nes (Scot.)
Cajamarca, ka-dKa-mar'ka (Peru)
Calabar, ka-la-bar' (Af.)
Calaboso or Calabozo, ka- la -bo 'so
(Venez.)
abris
Calabria, ka-la'bre-a (It.)
Calahorra, ka-la-hor'ra (Sp.)
Calais, kal'is ; Fr. pron. ka-la' (Fr.)
Calamocha, ka-la-mo'cha (Sp.)
Calantan, ka-lan'tan pialac.)
Calatafimi, ka-la-ta-fe'me (It.)
Calatrava, ka-la-tra'va (Sp.)
Calcutta, kal-kut'ta(Ind.)
Caldeirao, kal-da-e-rouft' (Port.)
Caldera, kal-de'ra (Chile)
Calicut, kaai-kut(Ind.)
California, kal-i-for'ni-a (N. Am.)
Callao, kal-lya'o (Peru)
Callinger, kanin-j6r (Ind.)
Calore, ka-16'ra (It.) r.
Caltanisetta, kal-ta-ne-sat'ta (It.)
Citlvados, kal-va-do' (Fr.) dep.
Cahv, kalv (Ger.)
Cakada, kal-thsi'THa (Sp.)
Camacho or Camaxo, ka-ma'sho (Braz.)
Camargue, ka-niarg' (Fr.)
Camariilaa, ka-nia-re'nySs (Sp.)
Cambodia, kam-bo'di-a (East Pen.)
Cambray, koh-bra' (Fr.)
Cambrdsis, ko(j-l»ra-ze' (Fr.)
Cambridge, kam'brij (Eng.)
Camenz, ka'ments (Oer.)
Camerino, ka-ma-re'n6(It.)
Cameroons, ka-me-ronz' (Af.)
Camoghe, ka-mo'ga (Switz.) int.
Campagua, kam-pa'nya (It.)
Campana, la, la kam-pa'ua (Sp.)
Campbelton or Campbeltown, kam'-
bel-ton(Scot.)
Campeche, kam-pe'che (Cent. Am.)
Camperduin, kam'per-doin (Neth.)
Campiglia, kiim-pe'lya (It.)
Campine, kam-pen' (Bel.)
Campo Formio, kam-po foi-'me-o (It.)
Canandaigua, kan-an-da'gwa (U. S.)
Canara, ka'na-ra (Ind.')
Candahar, kan-da-har (Ind.)
Candeish, kan'desh (Ind.)
Candia, kan'di-a (Eur.) isl.
Canea, ka-ne'a (Crete)
Canelones, ka-ne-lo'nes (TJrug.)
Cano Desecho, ka'nyo de-se'cho (Braz.)
Cantal, koii-tal' (Fr.) dep.
Cantire, kan-tii-' (Scot.)
Canton, kan-ton' (China)
Cape Breton, brit'un (Can.) isl.
Capitanata, ka-pe-ta-na'ta (It.)
Caprera, ka-pra'ra (It.) isl.
Capua, kap'yu-a; Ital. pron. ka'pii-a(It.)
Carabobo, ka-ra-boHbo (Venez.)
Caracas, ka-raTias (S. Am.)
Caravaggio, ka-ra-vad'zho (It.)
Carbonara, kar-bo-na'ra (It.) c.
Carcagente, kar-ka-Chen'te (Sp.)
Carcassonne, kar-kas-son' (Fr.)
Cardiff, kar'dif (Wales)
Cardigan, kar'di-gan (Eng.)
Cardinale, kar-de-na'la (It.)
Cardona, kar-do'na (Sp.)
Carhaix, kar-a' (Fr.)
Cariaco, ka-re-a'ko (Venez.)
Carignano, ka-re-nya'no (It.)
Carimata, ka-re-ma'ta (East. Arch.)
Carinhenha, ka-re-nya'nya (Braz.)
Carleton, karl'tou (Eng.)
Carlisle, kar-lil' (Eng.)
Carlowitz, kai-'lo-vets (Aust.)
Carlscrona, karlz-kro'na (Swe.)
Carlshamn, karlz'ham (Swe.)
Carlsruhe, karlz-rb'e (Ger.)
Carmagnola, kar-ma-nyo'la (It.)
Camiola, kiir-ne-o'la (Aust.)
Carnoustie, kar-nous'ti, often also ksir-
niis'ti (Scot.)
Camtual, karn-tyn'al (Ir.) tnt.
Carolina, ka-ro-li'na (U. S.)
Carpathian, kar-pa'thi-an (Aust.) int.
Carpentaria, kar-pen-ta'ri-a (Austral.)
<7-
Carrara, kar-ra'ra (It.)
Cartagena, kar-ta-Che'na (Sp.)
Caitago, kar-tJi'go (Cent. Am.)
Casale, ka-za'la(It.)
zh, azure. French, vtte, bat; bleti, netif ; t, on.
(26)
German, ch, n&cht.
Cas
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Che
Casamanza, ka-sa-man'za(Af.)
Casanare, ka-sa-na're (Col.)
Casbin, kas-ben' (Per.)
Cashel, kash'el (Ir.)
Cashgar, kash-gai*' (Tart.)
Cashmere, kash-niei-' (Ind.)
Cassiquiai-i, kas-se-ke-a're (Venez.)
Castagnetto, kas-ta-nyat'to (It.)
Castagnola, kas-ta-nyo'la (It.)
Castambul, kas-tam-bol' (Tur.)
Castellamare, kas'tal-la-ma"ra (It.)
Castellon-de-la-Plano, kas-tel'lyon-de-
la-pla'no (Sp.)
Castelnau, kas-tal-no' (Fr.)
Castelnaudary, kas-tal-no-dji-re' (Fr.)
Castiglione, kas-te-lyo'ua (It.)
Castile, kas-tel' (Sp.)
Castlebar, kas-l-bai-' (Ir.)
Castlecomer, kas-1-ko'mer (Ir.)
Castleton, kas'1-ton (Eng.)
Castres, kastr (Fr.)
Castrojeriz, kas-tr6-6he-reth' (Sp.)
Catahoula or Catahoola, ka-ta-ho'la
(U. S.)
Catalonia, ka-ta-lo'ne-a (Sp.)
Catamarca, ka-ta-mar'ka (S. Am.)
Catania, ka-ta'ne-a (Sic.)
Catanzaro, ka-tan-tsa'ro (It.)
Catawba, ka-ta'ba (U. S.)
Catoche, Cape, ka-to'che (Cent. Am.)
Cattaraugus, kat-ta-rg'gus (U. S.)
Cattaro, kat'ta-ro (Aust.)
Cattegat, kat'ta-gat (Swe. ; Den).
Caucasus, ka'ka-sus (Rus.)
Caudebec, kod-bek' (Fr.)
Cauquenes, kou-ke'nes (Chile)
Cavan, ka'van (Ir.)
Cavery, ka've-ri (Ind.)
Cawnpoor, kan-por' (Ind.)
Caxamarca, ka-6ha-mai''ka (Peru)
Caxoeira, ka-sho-a'e-ra (Braz.)
Cayambi, ki-am'be (Ecuad.) mt.
Cayenne, ki-en'^Fr. Gui.)
Cayman, ki-man' (W. Ind.)
Cayuga, ka-yo'ga (U. S.)
CearA, sa-a-ra' (Braz.)
Cefalu, che-fa-lo' (Sic.)
Celano, cha-la'no (It.)
Celebes, sel'e-bez (East. Arch.)
Ceneda, cha-na'da (It.)
Cenis, 86-ne'; Italian, Cenisio, cha-ne'-
se-o (It.) mt.
Cephalonia, sef-a-16'ne-a (Ion. Islds.)
Ceram, se-ram' (East. Arch.)
Cerignola, cha-re-nyola (It.)
Cerigo, cher'e-go (Ion. Islds.)
Cemowitz, tsai-'no-vets (Aust. )
Cerreto, char-ra'to (It.^
Cerro Largo, ser'ro lar'go (Urug.)
Cervera, ther-ve'ra (Sp.)
Cervin, ser-vah'(Switz.;^
Cesano, cha-za'no (It.)
Cette, set(Fr.)
Cettinje, set-ten'ya (Monten.)
Ceuta, su'ta; Span. pron. the-o'ta(Mar.)
Ce venues, sa-ven' (Fr.)
Ceylon, se-16n' (As.) isl.
Chablis, shab-le' (Fr.)
Chacim, cha-sem' (Port.)
Chagos, cha'gos (Ind. Oc.) isls.
Chagres, cha'gres (Col.)
Chaleur Bay, sha-lbr' ba (N. Am.)
Chalonnais, sha-16n-na' (Fr.)
Chalon sur Sadne, sha-lon' stir son (Fr.)
Cham, 6ham (Switz.)
Chamouni, sha-mo-ne' (Switz.)
Champagne, shoh-pa'nye (Fr.)
Champlain, sham-plan' (Can.; U. S.)
Chaiiaral, chan-ya-ral' (Chile)
Chandernagore, chan-der-na-goi-' (Ind.)
Chantibun, chan-ti-bun' (Siam)
Chantilly, shofi-tel-lye' or shon-te-ye'
(Fr.)
Chapala, cha-pa'la (Mex.)
Chare nte, sha-roht' (Fr.) dep.
Charleroi, sharl-rwa' (Bel.)
Charlotte Amalie, shar-lot' a-ma'le-a
(W. Ind.)
Charlottenburg, shar - lot ' ten - borg
(Prus.)
Chartres, shartr (Fr.)
Chartreuse, shar-treiiz' (Fr.)
Charysh, cha-resh' (Sib.) r.
Chasseron, shas-se-roh' (Switz.) mt.
Chatauque, sha-ta'kwe (U. S.)
Chateau Thierry, sha-to' te-ar-re' (Fr.)
Chateaubriant, sha-to-bre-oh' (Fr.)
Chatelet, shat-la' (Fr., Bel.)
Chatellerault, sha-tel-ro' (Fr.)
Chatham, chat'am (Eng.)
Chatillon, sha-tel-lyoh' or sha-te-yofi'
(Fr.)
Chatkara, chat-ka'ra (Rus.)
Chaudiere, sho-de-ai*' (U. S.)
Chautauqua, sha-ta'kwa (U. S.)
Chaux de Fonds, La, la sho d6 fofi
(Switz.)
Chaves, sha-vas' (Port.)
Cheadle, che'dl (Eng.)
Chedabucto Bay, she-da-buk'to ba (N.
Scot.)
Chekiang, che-ki-ang' (China)
Cheltenham, chel'ten-am (Eng.)
Chelyuskin, chel-yus'kin (Sib.)
Chemnitz, 6ham'nets (Ger.)
Chenango, she-nang'go (U. S.)
Chenaub, che-nftb' (Ind.) r.
Cherasco, cha-ras'ko (It.)
Fate, far, fat, fall; me, met, h6r, golden; pine, pin; note, rot, move;
tub, bull; oil, poiind; ch, chain; g, go; j, job; y, yes; th, then; th, thin;
(26)
Che
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Coj
Cherbourg, sher-borg' (Fr.)
Cheribon, che'ri-bon (Java)
Cherokee, che-ro-ke' (U. S.)
Cherson, ch6r-son' (Rus.)
Chertsey, chert'se (Eng.)
Chesapeake, ches'a-pek (U. S.)
Cheskaya, ches-ki'a (Rus.)
Chesuncook, che-sun'kok (U. S.) I.
Chetimaches, chet-i-mach'iz or shet-
mash'(U. S.)
Cheveney, shav-na' (Switz.)
Cheviot, ch6'vi-ot (Scot.^ mt.
Cheyenne, shi-en' (U. S.)
Chiana, ke-a'na (It.)
Chiapas, che-a'pas (Mex.)
Chiavari, ke-a-va're (It.)
Chiavenna, ke-a-van'na (It.)
Chicago, shi-ka'go (U. S.)
Chicapee or Chicopee, chik-a-pe' (U. S.)
Chichen Itza, che-chen' et-sa' (Mex.)
Chichester, chi'ches-t6r (Eng.)
Chiclana, che-kla'na (Sp.)
Chicot, she'ko (U. S.)
Chiem-See, che'em-za (Bav.)
Chiens, Isle aux, el 6 she-ai' (N. Amer.)
isl.
Chiete, ke-a'ta (It.)
Chifevres, she-avi-' (Bel.)
Chihuahua, che-ya'wa (Mex.)
Chile, chil'e; Span. pron. che'le(S. Am.)
Chilka, chil-ka' (Ind.)
Chilian, chel-yan' (Chile)
Chillecothe, chil-le-koth'e (U.S.)
Chillianwalla, chil-li-an-wal'la (Ind.)
Chiloe, che-lo-e' (Chile)
Chiltepeque, chel-te-pe'ke (Mex.)
Chimalapan, che-ma-la'pan (Mex.)
Chimborazo, chim-b6-ra'so; Span, pron
chem-l)6-ra'thd (S. Am.)
Chinandega, che-nan-de'ga (Mex.)
Chinchaycocha, chen-chi-ko'cha (Peru)
Chinchilla, chen-chel'lya (Sp.)
Chingleput, ching-gel-put' (Ind.)
Chinsurah, chin-sb'ra (Ind.)
Chioggia, ke-6j'a (It.)
Chippenham, chip'pen-am (Eng.)
Chippeway, chip'pe-wa (U. S.)
Chiquinmla, che-ke-mb'la (Cent. Am.)
Chiquitos, che-ke'tos (Bol.)
Chiriqui, che-re-ke' (Cent. Am.)
Chitteldroog, chit-tel-drog'(Ind.)
Chittoor, chit-tor' (Ind.)
Chiusa, ke-o'za (It.)
Chiva. See Khiva.
Chlumetz, fthl<i'met8(Au8t.)
Chobe, ch6n>a(Af.)r.
Choco, choTio^Col.)
Cholula, ch6-lo'ia(Mex.)
Chotzen, dhot'sen (Aust.)
Christiania, kres-te-a'ne-a (Nor.)
Christiansand, kres'te-an-sand (Nor.)
Christiansoe, kres'te-an-seii (Den.)
Christinehamn, kris-te'ne-ham (Swe.)
Chrudim, chrb'dem (Bohem.)
Chudleigh, chud'h (Eng.)
Chuquisaca, cho-ke-sa'ka (S. Am.)
Chur, ehor (Switz.)
Chusan, chb-san' (China)
Cianciana, chan-cha'na (Sic.)
Cibao, se-ba'6 (Hayti) mt.
Cilicia, si-li'shi-a (As.)
Cimbrishamn, sem'bres-ham (Swe.)
Cimone, che-mo'na (It)
Cincinnati, sin-sin-na'ti (U. S.)
Ciney, se-na'(Bel.)
Cinque Ports, sink'ports (Eng.)
Cintra, seu'tra (Port.)
Ciotat, se-6-ta' (Fr.)
Circassla, ser-ka'sh6-a (Rus.)
Cirencester, si'ren-ses-ter ; popularly
sis-e-t6r (Eng.)
Citta Nuova, chet-ta' nu^'va (It.)
Citta Vecchia, chet-ta' vak'ke-a (It.)
CiudadReal, the-d-THaTH' re-al'(Mex.)
Ciudad Rodrigo, the-d-iHaiH' ro-THre'-
go (Sp.)
Civita Vecchia, che-ve-ta' vakTce-a (It.)
Clachnaharry, klach'na-har-ri (Scot.)
Clageiifurt, kla'gen-fbrt (Aust.)
Clapham, klap'am (Eng.)
Clara, Santa, san'ta kla'ra (Sp. )
Clarens, kla-roii' (Switz.)
Clausenburg, klou'zen-borg (Aust.)
Clermont, klar-moh' (Fr.); kler-mont'
(U. S.)
Cleves, klevz ; German, Kleve, pron.
kla'va (Ger.)
Clitheroe, kli'th6-ro (Eng.)
Clogher, klo'6h6r (Ir.)
Clonakilty, klon-a-kil'ti (Ir.)
Clones, klonz (Ir. )
Clonmel, klon-mel' (Ir.)
Cloud, St.. sanklo(Fr.)
Clusone, klb-zo'na (It.) r.
Clutha, klo'tha (N. Zd.) r.
Clyde, klId(Scot.)
Coahuila, ko-a-we'la (Mex.)
Coatzacoalco,k6-at'sa-ko-arkb(^Iex.)r.
Cobija, ko-be'6ha (Chile)
Coblenz, ko'blents (Ger.)
Cochabamba, ko-cha-bam'ba (Bol.)
Cochin, ko'chin (Ind.)
Coel. ko-el' (Ind.)
Coeymans, kwe'manz (U. S.)
Coggeshall, kog'ges-h^l (Eng.)
Cognac, ko-nyak' (Fr.)
Coimbatoor, ko-im-ba-toi-' (lad.)
Coimbra, ko-emTbra (Port.)
Coire, kwgr (Switz.)
Cojedes, ko-dhe'des (Vencz.)
zh, azura
Freach, Tfte, btKi; bleli, ne1if ;
(Mi
1^, otw On^sjoam, cb, nacAt.
Col
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Czo
Colchagua, kol-cha'gwa (Chile)
Colchester, kol'ches-t^r (Eng.)
Coleraine, kol-ian' (Ir.)
Colima, ko-le'ma (Mex. )
Collin, kSl'len (Bohem.)
Colne, koln (Eng. )
Cologne, ko-lon' (Ger.)
Colombia, ko-lom'bi-a (S. Am.)
Colombo, ko-lom'bd (Ceylon)
Colonia, ko-lo'ne-a (Urug.)
Colonsay, kol'on-sa (Scot.)
Colorado, kol-6-ra'do (N. Am.) r.
Comayagua, ko-nia-ya'gwa (S. Am.)
Combaconum, kom-ba-ko'num (Ind.)
Comorin, ko'nio-rin (Ind.)
Comorn, ko-niom' (Hung.)
Comoro, kom'o-ro (Ind. Oc.) isls.
Compostella, kom-pos-tel'lya (Sp.)
Concan, kon-kan' (Ind.)
Coucepcion, kon-sep-se-on' (N. and S.
Amer.)
Conchagua, k5n-cha'g\va (Cent. Am.)
Conecocheague, kon-e-ko-cheg' (U. S.)
Conegliano, ko-na-lya'no (It.)
Congaree, kong'ga-re (IT. S.)
Congleton, kong'gel-ton (Eng. )
Congo, kong'go (Af.)
Conjeveram, kon-je-ve-ram' (Ind.)
Connaught, kon-n^t' (Ir.)
Connecticut, kon-net'i-kut (U. S,)
Connemara, kon-ne-m&'ra (Ir.)
Courochite, kon-ro-che'ta (Braz.)
Coomassie, ko-mas'si (Af.)
Coorg, korg (Ind.)
Copan, ko-pan' (Cent. Am.)
Copenhagen, ko-p«n-ha'gen (Den.)
Copiapo, ko-pe-a-p6' (Chile)
Coppet, kop-pa'(Switz.)
Coquet, kok'et (Eng.) r.
Coquimbo, ko-kem'bo (S. Am.)
Corangamite, ko - rang 'ga- met (Aus-
tral.) i.
Corbeil, kor-ba'e (Fr.)
Corcovado, kor-ko-va'do (S. Am.)
Cordillera, kor-del-ye'ra (S. Am.) mts.
Cordoba or Cordova, kor'do-va (Sp.)
Corea, ko-re'a (As.)
Corfu, kor-fo' (Gr.) isl.
Coringa, ko-ring'ga (Ind.)
Corinth, ko'rinth (Gr.)
Corneto, kor-na'to (It.)
Cornwall, korn'wal (Eng.)
Coronata, ko-ro-na'ta (Auat.) isl.
Corpach, kor'padh (Scot.)
Corregaum, kor-re-gam' (Ind.)
Corrientes, kor-re-en'tes (Arg. Con.)
Cortona, kor-to'na (It.)
Corunna, ko-run'na ; Span. Corufia, ko-
ro'nya (Sp.)
Cosenza, ko-san'tsa (It.)
Cosseir, kos-sa'er (Af. )
Cossimbazar, kos-sim-ba-zS.r' (Ind.)
Cotopaxi, ko-to-pak'se (S. Am.)
Courbevoie, kbrb-vwa' (Fr.)
Courland, kor'laud (Rus.)
Courtray, kor-tra' (Bel.)
Coutances, ko-tons' (Fr.)
Coventry, kuv'en-tri (Eng.)
Covilhao, ko-vel-youn' (Port.)
Covington, kuv'ing-ton (Eng. and U. S.)
Cowes, kouz (Eng.)
Coxim, ko-shem' (Braz.)
Cracow or Krakow, kra-kou' (Aust.)
Craon, kra-6h' (Fr.)
Creich, krich (Eng.)
Cremona, kra-mo'na (It.)
Crescentino, kra-shan-te'no (It.)
Creuzot, kreu-zo' (Fr.)
Crewe, kro (Eng.)
Crickhowell, krik-ho'el (Wales)
Crieff, kref (Scot.)
Crimea, kri-me'a (Rus.)
Crimmitschau, krem'raet-shou (Ger.)
Cristoval, San, san kres'to-val (Mex.)
Croagh Patrick, kro'adh pat'rik (Ir.)
Croatia, kro-a'shi-a (Aust., Tur.)
Cromarty, krom'6r-ti (Scot.)
Cronstadt, kron'stat (Rus.)
Crozet, kro-zet' (Ind. Oc.) isls.
Cruz del Seybo, Sta., san'ta kros del
sa'e-bo (Hayti)
Csongrad, chon'grad (Hung.)
Cuddalore, kud-da-lor' (Ind.)
Cuenca, ku-en'ka (Sp.)
Cuernavaca, ku-er-na-va'ka(Mex.)
Culebra, ko-la'iira (W. Ind.) isls.
Culiacan, kb-le-a-kan'(Mex.)
Culloden, kul-lod'en (Scot.)
Cumana, ko-ma-na' (Venez.)
Cumino, kd-me'no (Medit.) isl
Cundinamarca,kbn-de-na-mar'ka(Col.)
Cupar, ku'p6r (Scot. )
Curasao (Span.), or Cura^oa (Dutch),
kb-ra-sa'6, or ko-ra-s6'a (W. Ind.)
Curico, kb-re-ko' (Chile)
Curzola, kbr-dzb'la (Adr. Sea) isl.
Cutch, kuch(Ind.)
Cuttack, kut'tak (Ind.)
Cuxhaven, kbks'ha-fen (Ger.)
Cuyaba, kb-ya-ba' (Braz.)
Cuyahoga, ki-a-ho'ga (U. S. )
Cuzco, kbs'kb (Peru)
Cyclades, sik'la-dez (Gr. ) isls.
Czamowo, char-no'vo (Poland)
Czaslau, chas'lou (Aust.)
Czenstochov, chan-stb'chov (Rus.)
Czernowitz,char-no'vets(Aust.Bukow.)
Czortkow, chort'kov (Aust. Gal.)
Fate, far, fat, fall; me, met, h6r, golden; pine, pin;
tub, bull; oil, poiind; ch, c^aiu; g, go; j, job; y, yes;
(28)
note, not, mbve;
TH, thm; th, thin;
Dae
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Dig
D.
Daelen, daaen(Bel.)
Daghestan, da-ges-tan' (Rus.)
Dagoe, da'geii (Rus.) isl.
Dahlen, dalcn (Ger.)
Dahomey, da-ho'mi (Af.)
Dakota, da-ko'ta (U. S.)
Dalarne, da-lar'na (Swe.)
Dalaro, dii'la-reu (Swe.)
Dalecarlia, da-la-kar'le-a (Swe.)
Dalhousie, dal-hb'zi (Scot.)
Dalkeith, dal-keth' (Scot.)
Dalkey. dal'ke(Ir.)
Dalmally, dal-malli (Scot.)
Dalmatia, dal-ma'shi-a
Dairy, dal-ri' (Scot.)
Dal ton, dal'toii (Eng.)
Damara Land, dam'a-ra (Af.)
Damascus, da-mas'kus (Tur.)
Damietta, da-mi-et'ta (Eg.)
Dampier's Archipelago, Group, and
Strait, dam'perz (Austral.)
Danakil, da-na-kel' (Af. )
Dangra-yura Kor, dang'gra-yum nor
(As.) I.
Danilov, da'ne-lov(Ilu8.)
Dankali, dan-ka-le' (Af.) tii.
Dannemora, da-na-mo'ra (Swe.)
Danzig, dan'tsech (Prus.)
Darahjerd, da'rab-jerd (Pers.)
Dardanelles, diir-da-ni Iz' (Tur.)
Dar-es-Salaam, dar-es-sa-lam' (Af.)
Darfur, dar-fbr' (Af.)
Dariel, da-re-el' (Rus.)
Darien, da're-en (S. Am.)
Darjiling, dar-jeling (Ind.)
Darlaston, dar'ias-ton (Eng.)
Darlington, dar'ling-ton (Eng.)
Darwar, dar-war'(Ind.)
Dauphin^, do-fe-na' (Fr.)
Daventry, da'ven-tri ; popularly, dan'-
tre (Eng.)
Davos, da- v6s'(Switz.) i
Dawalagiri, da-wa-la-ge're (NepAl) I
Da war, da- war' (Afg.)
Deakovar, da-ak-6-var'(Aust.) I
Debaia, Ed, ed de-bi'a (Af.) j
Debreczin, da'bre-tsen (Hung.)
Decatur, de-ka't6r (U. S)
Decazeville, d6-kaz-vel' (Fr.)
Dees, daz (Aust.)
Delagoa Bay, de-la-go'a ba (.\f.)
Delaware, del'a-war (N. Am.)
Del^mont, d6-]a-m6h' (Switz.)
Delfzijl, delf'zil(Neth.)
Delgada Point, del-ga'd£l (Azores)
Delhi, del'l (Ind.); del-hi' (U. S.)
Delitzsch, de-lech' (Prus.)
Delos, de'los (Gr.)
Delphi, del'fi(Gr.)
Demavend, de-ma'veud (Per.)
Dembea, dem'be-a (Abyss. ) I.
Demerara, de-me-ra'ra (S. Am.)
Demir-hissar, da-mer-hes-sar' (Tur.)
Demoticos, de-mo'ti-kos (Tur.)
Denbigh, den'bi (Wales)
Dendera, den'de-ra (Eg.)
Dendermonde, den-der-mon'de (Bel.)
Denia, da-ne'a(Sp.)
Deniliquin, de-nil'i-kwin (N". S. W.)
Denis, St., sail d6-ne' (Fr.)
Dent de Midi, dofi d6 me-de' (Switz.)
mt.
D'Entrecasteaux, doii-tr-kas-to' (Aus-
tral.)
Depeyster, de-pis'ter (Pac. Oc.) isls.
Deptford, det'ford (Eng.)
Derag, Ben, de'rag (Scot.) mt.
Dera Ghazi Khan, da'rii glia-ze' khan
(Afg.)
Dera Ismail Khan, da'ra es-ma-el' khan
(Afg.)
Derecske, da-rach'ka (Hung.)
Desaguadero, da-sa-gwa-de'ro (S. Am.)
Deseada, de-se-a'da (W. Ind.) isl.
Deseret. des-6r-et' (U. S.)
Desertas, da-zer'tas (A. Ocean) isls.
Desful, dez-fol' (Pers.)
D^sirade, da-ze-rad' (W. Ind.) isi.
Des Moines, d6 moin' (U. S.)
Despoblado, des-po-bla'THo (S. Am.)
Despoto-Dagh, des-po'to-dag (Tur.)
Dessau, des'sou (Prus.)
Detroit, de-troit' (U. S.)
Dettingen, det' ting-en (G er. ; Switz.)
Deutz, doits (Ger.)
Deux Ponts, deti poii' (Ger.)
Deventer, dev'en-ter (Neth.)
Devizes, de-vi'zez (Eng.)
Devon, de'von (Eng.)
Dewsbury, dyoz'be-ri (Eng.)
Dhalac, dha-lak' (Red Sea) isl.
Dharwar, dhar-wai*' (Ind.)
Dhofar, dho-far' (Ar.)
Diablerets, de-a-ble-ra' (Switz.)
Diadin, de-^-den' (Armen.)
Diamantino, de-ft-mjin-te'no (Braz.) r.
Diana, de-a'na (Rus.)
Diarbekir, de-ai-'ba-ker (Tur.)
Die, de (Fr.)
Di6, de-a' (Fr.)
Diego, de-e'go (Mex.)
Dieppe, de-ep' (Fr.)
Diest, dest (Bel.)
Dieu, deeu (Fr.) isl
Digne, de'ny6 (Fr.)
zh, azure. French, vfte, bGt;
bl^, neuf; b, on.
(29)
German, ih, u&cht
Disr
PRONOUNCING VOCABULART.
Dun
Digny, de-nye'(Fr.)
Digoin, de-gwafi' (Fr.)
Dijon, de-zhoft' (Fr.)
Dillengen, del'leng-en (Ger.)
Dilolo, di-lo'lo (Af.) I.
Dinagepoor or Dinajpur, di-naj'p6r"
(Ind.)
Dinapoor, de-na-por' (Ind. )
Dingwall, diug'wal (Scot. )
Dinkelsblihl, den'kelz-btil (Ger.)
Dios Gyor, de-osh' dyeur (Hung.)
Dippoldiswalde, dep-pol'des-varde
(Ger.)
Dissentis, dis'sen-tes (Switz.)
Diu. de-o'(Ind.)/^ and isl.
Dixcove, diks'kov (Af.)
Dixmude, diks-m^d' (Bel.)
Dizier, de-ze-a' (Fr.)
Dmitrov, dnie-trov' (Rus.)
Dniitrovsk, dme-trovsk' (Rus.)
Dnieper, ne'p6r; Russ. pron. dnyep'er
(Rus.)
Dniester, nes'tdr; Russ. pron. dnyes'-
t«r (Rus.)
Doab, do'ab (Ind.)
Doboka, do-bo'ko (Transyl.)
Dobral, do-bral' (Tur.)
Dobrudsha, do-brod'sha (Roum.)
Dobrzyn, dob'zhin (Rus. Pol.)
Doce, do'sa (Braz.) r.
Dochart, do6h'art (Scot.) I.
Doekum, do'kum (Neth.)
Doesburg, doz'burg (Neth.)
Doetinchem, db'tin-6hem (Neth.)
Dogliani, do-lya'ne (It.)
Dognacska, dog-nach'ko (Hung.)
Dolgelly, dol-gel'li (Wales)
Dolores, do-lo'res (Sp. and Am.)
Domdidier, doft-de-de-a' (Switz.)
Donifront, don-fron' (Fr.)
Domingo, San, san do-meng'go (Hayti)
Dominica, dom-i-ne'ka (W. Ind.) isl.
Domo d'Ossola, do'mo dos'so-ia) (It.)
Domremy, dofi-ra-me' (Fr. )
Donaghadee, do-na-Cha-de' (Ir.)
Donau (Danube), do'nou (Ger.) r.
Donaueschingen, do - nou - esh ' ing - en
(Ger.)
Donauworth, do'nou-veurt (Ger.)
Doncaster, dong'kas-t6r (Eng.)
Dondrah, don'dra (Ceylon) c.
Donegal, don'e-gal (Ir.)
Doneraile, don-6r-ar (Ir.)
Dongola, dong'go-la (Af.)
Donnaoe, don'na-eu-e (Nor.)
Donzenac, don-ze-nak' (Fr.)
Doornspijk, dorn'spik (Neth.)
Dora Baltea, do'ra bal-ta'a (It.) r.
Dorama, do-ra'raa (Ar.)
Dora Ripaira, do'ra r6-pa'e-ra (It.) r.
Dorat, Le, 16 do-ra' (Fr. )
Dordogne, dor-do'uy6 (Fr.) dep.
Dordrecht, doi-'dreftht (Neth.)
Dorgali, d6r-ga'le(It.)
Dornoch, dor'nofih (Scot.)
Dorogh, d6-rog'(Hung.)
Dorogoboozh or Dorogobouj, do-ro-go-
bozh'(Ru8.)
Dortmund, dort'mOnt (Ger.)
Dotis, do'tesh (Hung.)
Douarnenez, do-ar-ne-na' (Fr.)
Douay, d5-a' (Fr.)
Doubovka, do-bof'ka (Rus.)"
Doubs, do (Fr.)
Dou6, do-a' (Fr.)
Douglas, dug'las (I. of Man)
Doullens, doMofi' (Fr.)
Douro, do'ro. Port. pron. d6'u-r6(Port.)
Dovrefjeld, do'vre-fyel (Nor.)
Dowlatabad, dou-la-ta-bad' (Ind.)
Draa, dra'a (Syr.)
Draaby, dro'btl (Den.)
Dragonera, dra-go-ne'ra (Sp.) isl.
Dragor, dra'gettr (Den.)
Draguignan, dra-ge-nyoii' (Fr.)
Drave, drav or drav; Slavonic, Drava,
dra'va(Aust.)r.
Drenthe, dren'ta (Neth.)
Dreux, dreti (Fr.)
Driffield, driffeld (Eng.)
Drogheda, dro'e-da (Ir.)
Drohobycz, droho'-bech (Aust. Gal.)
Dromore, dro-moi-' (Ir.)
Drontheim, dront'him (German name
of Throndhjem)
Droylsden, droil/den (Eng.)
Drumsna, drumz'na (Ir.)
Dubois, du-boi' or du-bois' (XJ. S.)
Dubrovna, do-brov'na (Rus.)
Dubuque, du-bok' (U. S. )
Duero, d\i-e'ro (Sp.) r.
Duida, du-e'da(S. Am.)m«.
Duisburg, do-es-borg' (Ger.)
Duiveland, doi've-lant (Neth.)
Duiven, doi'ven (Neth.)
Dulce, dol'sa or dol'tha (Mex.)flr and I.
Dulcigno, dol-che'nyo (Monten.)
Dulwich, dul'ich (Eng.)
Dumaresq, du-ma-resk' (Austral.) r.
Dumbarton, dum-bar'ton (Scot.)
Dumfries, dum-fres' (Scot.)
Diina, dft'na (Rus.) r.
Diinaburg, dA'na-borg (Rus.)
Dunblane, dun-blan' (Scot.)
Dundalk, dun-dak' (Ir.)
Dundas, dun-das' (Can.)
Dundee, dun-de' (Scot.)
Dunfermline, dun-ffirmlin (Scot.)
Fate, far, fat, fall; me, met, h6r, golden; pine, pin; n6te, not, move;
tub, bull; oil, pound; ch, cAain; g, go\ j, job; y, j/es; TH, </ieu; th, ^/tin;
(30)
Dun
PROiTOtfilCING VOCA^tlLAftT.
Bnk
Dungarvan, dun-gar'van (Ir.)
Dungeness, dunj-nes' (Eng.) c.
Dungiven, dun-giv'en (Ir.)
Dunkeld, dun-keld' (Scot.)
Dunkirk, dun'k6rk (Fr.)
Dunmstnway, dun-nian'wa (Ir.)
Dunnamaragh, dun-na-ma-ra6h' (Ir.)
Dun tocher, dun-to6h'er (Scot.)
Dunwich, dun'ich (Eng.)
Durance, dd-rofts' (Fr.)
Durango, do-ran'go (Sp. ; Mex.)
Durazno, dij-ras'no (Urug.)
Durban, d6rT)an (Natal)
Durham, dur'am (Eng.)
Durlach, dorliidh (Ger.)
Dusseldorf, dils's«I-dorf (Ger.)
Dvina, dve'na (Rus.) r.
Dych-tau, de<ih'tou (Caucasus)
Dyle, del (Bel.)
Dysart, di'z6rt (Scot.^
DzooDgaria, dzon-gaTi-a (As.)
E.
Eaglesham, e'glz-ham (Scot.)
Ebeltoft, aTjel-toft (Den.)
Ebersfeld, e'bt'rz-felt (Ger.)
Ebesfalva, a-besh-fol'vo (Aust.)
Ebro. eT^ro; Span. pron. a'bro (Sp.)
Ecclefechan, ek-kl-fedh'an (Scot.)
Echelles, Les, laz a-shel' (Fr.)
Echmiadzin, ech-mi-ad'zin (Armen.)
Echt, edht (Neth.)
Echuca, e-chb'ka (Austral.)
Ecija, e'the-6ha(Sp.)
Eckmiihl, ek'miil (Ger.)
Ecouen, a-ko-ofi' (Fr.)
Ecrehou Rocks, e-ker-ho' (Chan. Islds.)
Ecuador, e-kwa-dor' (S. Am.)
Edam, a-dam' (Neth.)
Eday, e'da (Scot.) isl.
Edgecumbe, ej'kum (N. Z.)
Edgware, ej'war (Eng.)
Edinburgh, ed'in-bu-ru or ed'en-bu-ru
(Scot.)
Edime, a'd6r-na (Tur.)
Edisto, ed'i8-to(U. S.)
Edmonton, ed'mon-ton (Eng.)
Edreneh, ed're-ne (Tur.)
Eelde, al'de (Neth.)
Efat. a'fat (Af.)
Egeri, eg'e-re (Switz.)
Egersund, a'ger-sOnd (Nor.)
^na, e-ji'na(Gr.)
Eglisau, egHi-zou (Switz.)
Egripo, eg'ri-p6(Gr.)
Ehrenbreltstein, a-ren-brit'stln (Ger.)
Eibenstock, iTjen-stok (Ger.)
Eichstadt, idh'stet (Ger.)
Eig, eg or eg (Scot.) isl.
Eijerland, i'er-lant (Neth.)
Eil, Loch, loeh el (Scot.)
Eilau, i'lou(Ger.)
Eimeo, i'me-o (S. Pac.) isl.
Einsiedeln, in-ze'deln (Switz.)
Eisenach, i'ze-nadh (Ger.)
Eisleben, isla-ben (Ger.)
Ekaterinburg, ya-ka'ta-ren-borg (Rus.)
Ekaterinodar, ya-ka-ta-ren'o-dar (Rus.)
Ekaterinoslav, ya - k& - ta - ren - 6 - slav'
(Rus.)
Ekerbe, a-ke-reti'e (G. of Bothnia) isl.
Ekowe, ech'o-we (S. Af.)
Eksjd, ak'sheu (Swe.)
El-Ahsa, el-ah-sa' (Ar.)
El-Araisch, el-a-rish' (Mar.)
Elbe, elb; Ger. pron. el'be (Ger.)r,
Elberfeld, el'ber-felt (Ger.)
Elbeuf, al-beuf (Fr.)
Elbing'erode, erbeng-e-ro"de (Ger.)
Elbrouz, el'brbz (Rus.) mt.
Elburg, ell) urg (Neth.)
Elburz, el-borz' (Per.) mt.
Elchingen, el'fihing-eu (Ger.)
El Dorado, el do-ra'do (U. S.)
Elephanta, el-e-fan'ta (Ind.)
Eleusis, e-lyo'sis (Gr.) b.
Eleuthera, e-lyo'the-ra (W. Ind.) isl.
Elfkarleby, alf-kar'la-ba (Swe.)
Elfvedal, al'va-dal (Swe.)
Elis, e'lis (Gr.)
Elizabetpol, ya-le-za-vet-pol' (Rus.)
El-Khargeh, el-6har'ge (Eg.)
Ellesmere, elz'mer (Eng.)
Ellora, el-lo'ra(Ind.)
EUwangen, al-vang'en (Ger.)
Elmina, el-me'na (Af.)
Elmshorn, elmz'horn (Den.)
Elne, eln(Fr.)
Elsinore, el'se-nor (Den.)
Eltham, elt'am (Eng.)
Ely, e'li (Eng.)
Elze, el'tse (Ger.)
Embrun, oh-brQfi' (Fr.)
Emmerich, em'me-redn (Ger.)
Empoli, am'po-le (It.)
Enara, e-nii'ra (Rus.)
Enarea, e-na-re'a (Af.)
Endracht's Land, en'dradhts land (Aus-
tral.)
Engadin, en'ga-den (Switz.)
Engelberg, eng'el-berg (Switz.)
Enghien, oft-ge-afi' (Belg.)
England, ing'gland
Enkhuizen, enk-hoi'zen (Neth.)
Enkbping, en'tyetip-ing (Swe.)
zh, azure. French, vfle, bQt;
ble^. mnif;
(31)
ft, 'W. German, ih, nacht.
Bnn
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Pae
Enniscorthy, en-nis-koi-'Tni (Ir.)
Eriniskillen, en-nis-kirien (Ir.)
Enriquillo, eu-re-kel'lyo (Hayti) I.
Easchede, en-s6ha'de ^Neth.)
Entlebuch, ent'le-bo6h (Switz.)
Entraigues, oft-trag' (Fr.)
Entrecasteaux.d', doft-tr-kas-to'(N.Zd.)
ch.
Entre Douro e Minho, en'tra do'u-ro a
me'nyo (Port.)
Entre Rios, en'tre re'os (S. Am.)
Enzili, en-ze'le (Per.)
Epanomeria, e-pa-n6-me-re'a (Gr.)
Epauvillers, a-po-vel-lyar' (Switz.)
Eperies, a-pa-re-esh'(Hung.)
Epernay, a-per-na' (Fr.)
Epirus, e-pi'ru8 (Tur. ; Gr.)
Ercsi, ar-che'(Hung.)
Erekli, a-rek-le' (Tur.)
Eriboll, e'ri-bol (Scot.) I.
Ericht, er'i6ht(Scot.)«.
Erie, e'ri (N. Am.) Z.
Erin (poetical name for Ireland), er'in
Erivan, e're-van (Rus.) ft.
Erlach, ei-'lafih (Switz.)
Erlangen, er'lang-en (Ger.)
Ermatingen, ei-"ma'ting-en (Switz.)
Ermelo ei-'me-lo (Neth. )
Erromango, er-r6-mang'g6(Pac.Oc.) isl.
Erzeroum, er-ze-rbm' (Tur.)
Erzgebirge, erts-ge-ber'ge (Aust.) mts.
Escala, es-ka'la (Sp.)
Eschenz, esh'ents (Switz.)
Eschwege, esh-va'ge (Ger.)
Escombrera, es-kom-bre'ra (Sp.) isl.
Escondido, es-kon-de'THo (Span. Am.)
Esber, e'sh6r (Eng.)
Esino, a-se'no (It.)r.
Eskilstuua, as-kel-sto'na (Swe.)
Eski Sagra, es'ke sa'gra (Tur.)
Esmeralda, es-me-ral'da (S. Am.)
Esneh, es'ne (Eg.)
Esparta, Nueva, nu-e'va es-par'ta
(Venez.)
Espejo, es-pe'6h6(Sp.)
Espichel, es-pe-shel' (Port.) c.
Espinar, es-pe-nar' (Sp.)
Espinha<;o, Serra do, ser'ra do es-pe-
nya'so (Braz.)
Espinosa, es-pe-no'sa (Sp.)
Espirito Santo, es-pe're-to san'to (Braz.)
Esporlas, es-por'las (Sp.)
Esquimau, es-ke'malt (Brit. Col.)
Esquimaux, es'kwi-mo or es'ki-mo (N.
Am.) I.
Esquipulas, es-ke-po'las (Cent. Am.)
Essequibo, es-se-ke'bo (S. Am.)
Es Siout, es se-bt' (Eg.)
Esslingen, esTing-en (Ger.)
Estados Unidos (de Colombia, &c.), es-
ta'THos o-ne'THos (Span. Am.)
Estancia, es-tan'se-a (Braz.)
Estella, es-tel'Iya(Sp.)
Estepona, es-ta-p6'na (Sp.)
Esterhaz, as-tar-haz' (Hung.)
Esthonia, es-tho'ni-a (Rus.)
Estremadura, Span. prou. es-tre-ma-
THb'ra; Portug. pron. es-tre-ma-
do'ra(Sp.; Port.)
Estremoz. as'tra-moz (Port.)
Eszek, es'ek(Aust.)
Etaples, a-ta'pl (Fr.)
Etaweh, e-ta'we (Ind.)
Etchemin, ech'miri (Can.)
Etienne, St., saft-ta-te-en' (Fr.)
Etive, et'iv (Scot.) I.
Etowah, et'o-wa (U. S.)
Etretat, a-tr6-ta' (Fr.)
Etruria, e-tro'ri-a (It. ; Eng.)
Ettlingen, etiing-en (Ger.)
Eu, ea(Fr.)
Euboea, yu-be'a(Gr.)
Eufemia, a-u-fa'me-a (It.)
Euganean (Hills), yu-ga-ne'an (It.)
Eupatoria, yu-pa-to'ri-a (Rus.)
Eupen, oi'peu (Ger.)
Euphrates, yu-fra'tez (As )
Eure, eur (Fr. )
Euskirchen, ois-kerCh'en (Ger.)
Eustatius, St., sant, collo(juially sii.t
yus-ta'shi-us (W. Ind.) isl.
Eutin, oi-ten' (Ger.)
Evesham, evz'ham or evz'am (Eng.)
Evora, ev'o-ra (Port.)
Evreux, a-vreti' (Fr.)
Exe, eks (Eng.)
Exeter, eks'e-tSr (Eng.)
Eya, i'a (Iceld.)
Eyder, i'der (Den.) r.
Eye, a or i (Eng.)
Eylau, i'lou (Prus.)
Eymou tiers, a-mb-te-a' (Fr.)
Eyriksjbknll, i'riks-yeu'kul (Iceld.)
Eysden, Is'den (Neth.)
Ezcaray, eth-ka-ri' (Sp.)
F.
Faaborg, foHaorg (Den.)
Faarup, fo'rbp (Den.)
Fabbriano, fab-bre-a'no (It.)
Fabbrica, fab'bre-ka (It.)
Fachingen, fa'Ching-en (Ger.)
Faemund, fa'mbnd (Nor.)
Faenza, fa-an'tsa (It.)
Fate, far, fat, fall; me, met, her, golden; pine, pin; note, not, mbve;
tub, bull; oil, pound; ch, c/iain; g. (70; j, job; y, j/es; TH, fTien; th, «Ain;
(32)
Pah
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Fon
Fahlun, falon (Swe.)
Faido, fi'd6(Switz.)
Faifo, fi-e-fo' (Aiiam.)
Faioom, fi-om' (Eg.)py.
Falaba, fa-la-bii' (Af.)
Falcon, fal-kou' (Veuez.)
Falemeh, fa-la'me (W. Af.) r.
Falkirk, falTcfirk (Scot.)
Falkoping, fal-tyeiip'ing (Swe.)
Falmouth, fal'muth (Eng.)
Falsterbo, f al'stai-bo (Swe. )
Famagosta, fa-mii-gos'ta (Cyprus)
Famatina, fd-nia-te'na (Arg. Con.)
Fanoe, fa'neu-e (Den.) ul.
Fan tee, fan-te' (W. Af.)
Faouet, fa-o-a'(Fr.)
Farallones, fa-ral-16'nez (Calif or.) isls.
Fareham, far'ham (Eng.)
Fargeau, St., san far-zho' (Fr.)
Farigliano, fit-re-lyii'no (It.)
Farne, i'ivn (Eng.) ials.
Faroe, fa'ro (Atl. Go.) isls.
FJlrbeme, far-eu'6r-ne (Dan. name of
Faroe Islands)
Farquhar's Isls., fkr'kar (Austral.)
Fara or Farsistan, farz or far-sis-tan'
(Per.)
Fatatenda, fa-ta-tan'da (W. Af.)
Fatsizio, fat-se'ze-o (Jap.) isl.
Faucigny, fo-se-nye' (FrT)
Faucilles, fo-sel' (Fr.) mts.
Faverges, fa-varzh' (Fr. )
Faversham, fav'6r-sham (Eng.)
Favignana, fa-ve-nya'na (It.) iil.
Fawey, foi (Eng.) r. and tn.
Faxoe, fak'seu-e (Den.)
Fayal, fi-ai' (Azores)
Fayence, fa-yohs' (Fr.)
Fayetteville, fa-yet'vil (U. S.)
Fayoum, fi-om' (Eg.)
Feia, fa'e-a (Braz.) i.
Felegyhaza, fa-ledzh-hU'zo (Hun.)
Felicudi, fa-le-ko'de (It.) isl.
Felipe, San, san fe-le'pe (Venez.)
Femeren, fa'me-r«n (Den.) isl.
Femina, fa'me-na (It. ) isl.
Feodosia, fS-o-do'sS-a (Rus. )
Ferentino, fa-ran-te'no (It.)
Fermanagh, f6r-maii'a (Ir.) co.
Fermoy, f6r-moi' (Ir.)
Fernando Po, fer-nan'd6 p6 (W. Af.)
Feme, f6m (Eng.) isls.
Femex or Ferney, far-na' (Fr.)
Ferozepoor, fe-roz-pcir' (Ind.)
Ferrara, far-ra'ra (It.)
Ferrato, far-ra'to (It.)
Ferrol, fer-rol' (Sp.)
Fertit, far-tet' (Af.)
Fethard. feth'ard (Ir.)
Feuchtwang, foi£ht'v&ng (Ger.)
Fez, faz (Af.)
Fezzan, fez-zan' (Af.) pr.
Fichtelberg or Fichtelgebirge, fe6h'-
tel-berg or feCh'tel-ge-ber'ge (Ger.)
mt.
Fideris, fe'de-res (Switz.)
Fiesole, fe-a'so-la (It.)
Figeac, fe-zhak' (Fr.)
Figline, fe-lye'na (It.)
Figueira, fe-ga'e-ra (Port.)
Figueras, fe-ga'ras (Sp.)
Fiji, fe'je (Pac. Oc.) isls.
Filibe, fe-le-ba'(Tur.)
Finale, fe-nala (It.)
Fiiiana, fe-nya'na (Sp.)
Findbe, fen'deu-e (Nor.)
Finestrat, fe-nes-trat' (Sp.)
Finistfere, fe-nes-tar' (Fr.)
Finster Aarhorn, feu'ster ar'hom
(Switz.)
Fintona, fin-to'na (Ir.)
Fiorenzuola, fe-6-ran-tsu-o1a (li)
Fioro, fe-o'ro (It.) r.
Firando, fe-ran'do (Jap.) isl.
Firenze, fe-ran'tsa (It.)
Fismes, fem (Fr.)
Fitero, fe-ta'ro (Sp.)
Fittre, fet-tra' (Cent. Af.)
Fiume, fe-o'ma (Aust.)
Fiumicino, fe-o-me-che'no (It.)
Fizen, fe'zen (Jap.)
Flatow, fla'to (Ger.)
Flfeche, La, la flash (Fr.)
Flers, flar (Fr.)
Fleurus, tteti'rti (Bel.)
Flintshire, flint'shfer or flint' shir (Engj)
Flix, fleCh(Sp.)
Florida, flo'ri-da (U. S.), flo-re'da(Span.
Amer.)
Florsheim, flebrs'hini (Ger.)
Fliielen, flft'e-len (Switz.)
Flumini Majori, flo'me-ne ma-y6'r§
(Sardin.)
Flushing, flush'ing (Neth.)
Fochabers, fo6h'a-b6rz (Scot.)
Fogaras, fo-go-rosh' (Transyl.)
Foggia, f6j'a(It.)
Foix, fwft (Fr.)
Fojano, fo-ya'no (It.)
Fokien, f6j£e-en'(Ch.)
Fbldvar, feuld-var' (Hung.)
Foligiio, fo-le'nyo (It.)
Follcestone, fok'ston (Eng.)
Fonseca, fon-se'ka (Mex.)fir.
Fontainebleau, fdfi-tan-blo' (Fr.)
Fontana, fon-ta'na (It.)/«.
Fontarabia, fon-ta-ra'he-a (Sp.)
Fontenay, fofi-te-na' (Fr.)
Fontenoy, f6fi-t«-nwa'(Bel.)
Fontevrault, t6b-te-\T& (Fr.)
ih, azure. French, vCle, bOt; blrfb. iv-ut;
(296) (33)
fi, on.
German, 6h, nacAt.
C
Pon
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Gab
Fontiveros, fon-te-ve'ros (Sp.)
Foota-Jallon, fo-ta-jallon (W. Af.)
Forcados, Rio dos, re'6 dos for-ka'dos
(W. Af.)
Forchheim, forfihTiim (Ger.)
Forez, fo-ra' (Fr.)
Forfar, foi-'far (Scot.) co.
Foria, fo're-a (It.)
Forli, for-le' (It.)
Forlimpopoli, for-lem-po'po-le (It.)
Formentera, for-men-te'ra (Sp.) isl.
Formigny, for-me-nye' (Fr.)
Formosa, for-mo'sa (China)
Forres, for'res (Scot.)
Forsyth, for-sith' (U. S.)
Fortaleza, for-ta-la'za (Braz.)
Fortanete, for-ta-ne'te (Sp.)
Fortore, for-to'ra (It.) r.
Fortrose, fort-roz' (Scot.)
Fossano, f6s-sa'n6 (It.)
Fossaseca, fos-sa-sa'ka (It.)
Fosse, fos (Bel.)
Fossombrone, fos-som-bro'na (It.)
Foasuni, fos'som (Nor.)
Fostat, f OS-tat' rEg.)
Fotheringay, fo'TH6r-in-ga (Eng.)
Fougferes, fo-zhar' (Fr.)
FougeroUes, fd-zhc-rol' (Fr.)
Fowey, foi (Eng.) r. and tn.
Foy, St., gatifwa(Can.)
Foyers, foi'6rz (Scot.)
Foyle, Lough, lo6h foil (Ir.)
Framlingham, fram'ling-ham (Eng.)
Francavilla, fran-ka-vel'Ia (It.)
Franche Comt6, frohsh kofi-ta' (Fr.)
Francisco, San, san fran-sis'ko (U. S.)
Franconia, frang-ko'ni-a (Ger.)
Franeker, fra'ne-ker (Neth.)
Frankenhausen, f rangk ' en-houz-en
(Ger.)
Frankenstein, frSngk'en-stin (Ger.)
Frankenthal, frangk'en-tal (Ger.)
Frankfort, f rangk'fort; Ger. Frankfurt,
frangk'furt (Ger.)
Franzensbad, fran'tsenz-bad (Bohem.)
Franzensbrunn, fran ' tsenz - bron
(Bohem.)
Frascati, fras-ka'te (It.)
Fraserburgh, fra'z6r-bu-ru(Scot.)
Fraubrunnen, frou'bron-en (Switz.)
Frauenfeld, frou'en-felt (Switz.)
Fray Bentos, fri ben'tos (Urug.)
Frayles, Los, 16s f ri'les (Carib. Sea) isls.
Frechilla, fre-chellya (Sp.)
Fredeburg, fra'de-borg (Ger.)
Fredericia, fra-da-re'se-a (Den.)
Fredericksborg, fra'de-reks-borg (Den.)
Frederickshamn,fra'de-reks-ham(Rus.)
Freiburg, fri'borg (Ger.)
Frejus, fra-zhfls' (Fr.)
Fremantle, fre'man-tel (Austral.)
Fremont, frg-mont' (U. S.)
Freystadtel, fri'stet-tel (Hung.)
Fribourg, fre-bbr' (Switz.)
Friedland, fred'lant (Prus.)
Friedrichshaf en, f red ' re6hs - hii - ten
(Ger.)
Friedrickshamn, fred'reks-ham (Rus.)
Friesland, frezland (Neth.)
Frische Haff, fre'sha-haf (Prus.)
Frische Nehrung, fre'sha-na-rong
(Prus.)
Friuli, fre-o'le(It.)
Frobisher's Strait, frob'ish-6rz (N. Am.)
Frodsham, frod'sham (Eng.)
Frontenac, frOt-te-nak' (Can.)
Frontera, fron-te'ra (Mex.)
Frosinone, fr6-ze-no'na(It.)
Froyen, fro'yen (Nor.) isl.
Fruges, frtizh (Fr.)
Fryken, frft'ken (Swe.) I.
Fucecchio, fo-chak'ke-6 (It.)
Fucino, fO'che-no (It.) I.
Fuego, Tierra del, te-ar'ra del fu-a'go
(S. Am.)
Fuencaliente, fu-en-ka-le-en'te (Sp.)
Fuenterrabia or (in Anglicized form)
Fontarabia, fu-en-ter-ra'be-a, fon-
ta-ra'bi-a (Sp.)
Fueraventura, fu-e-rtt-yen-tO'ra (Can,
Isls.) isl.
Fulda, fol'da (Ger.)
Fulnek, fbl'nek (Aust.)
Fulton, furton(U. S.)
Funchal, fon-shal' (Madeira)
Fiinen, fft'nen, Ger. name of Fyen, i»l.
Fiinfkirchen, f(lnf'ker6h-en (Hung.)
Furneaux Isls., f6r-n6' (S. Pac. Oc.)
Fumes, ftim (Bel.)
Furruckabad, fu-ruk-a-bad' (Ind.)
Furstenau, fflrst'e-nou (Prus.)
Furth, fort (Ger.)
Fusiyama, fo-ze-ya'ma (Jap.) nU.
Futteghur, fut-te-ghur' (Ind.)
Futtehpoor, fut-te-por' (Ind.)
Fuur, for (Den.) isl.
Fyen, fd'en (Den.) isl.
Fyne, Loch, lo6h fin (Scot.)
Fyum, fi-bm' (Eg.)
Fyzabad, fi-za-bad' (Ind.)
G.
Gablonz, ga-blonts' (Bohem.)
Gaboon, ga-bbn' (Af.) r.
Fate, far, fat, fftU; me, met, h6r, golden; pine, pin; note, not, mSve;
tub, bull; oil, poiind; ch, chain; g, go; j, job; y, yes; tn, then; th, thia;
(34)
Qato
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
CH6
Gabrova, gii-bro'va (Bulg.)
Gadamis, ga-da'mis (Af.)
Gadebusch, ga'de-bosh (Ger.)
Gadeh, gii'de (Java) 7nt.
Gaeta, ga-a'tii (It.)
Gagliano, ga-lya'uo (It.)
Gaidronisi, gi-dro-ne'se (Tur.) isl.
Gainsborough, ganzT)u-ru (Eng.)
Gais, gis (Switz.)
Galapagos, ga-la-pa'gos; Span. pron. gft-
la'pa-gos, isl.
Galashiels, ga-la-shek'(8cot.)
Galata, ga'lata (Tur.)
Galatz, ga-lats' (Roum.)
Galdhoepig, gal-heu'pig (Nor.)
Galena, ga-le'na (U. S.)
Galera, ga-le'ra (Sp., It.)
Galicia, ga lish'e-a (Anglicized name of
an Aust. prov.)
Galicia, ga-le'the-a (Sp.)
Galinara, ga-le-na'ra (It.) isl.
Gall, St., sant, colloquially sint g^l
(Anglicized name of Swiss canton)
Gallarate, gil-la-ra'ta (It.)
Galle, gal (Ceylon)
Gallegos, ga-lye'gos (Sp.) r.
Gallen, St., sankt gal'en (Switz.)
Gallipoli, gal-le'p6-le (It.: Tur.)
Galoengong, ga-lon-gong' (Java)
Galtee, gsl'te(I^.)m^-
Galveston, gal'ves-ton (U. S.)
Gal way, gal'wa (Ir.)
Gambia, gam'bi-a (Af.)
Gambler, gam'ber (Austral.) isl.
Gand, gofi(Bel.)
Gandesa, gan-de'sS (Sp.)
Gandia, gan'de-a (Sp.)
Ganges, gofizh (Fr.)
Ganges, gan'jez (Ind.) r.
Gangotri, gan-go'trS (Ind.)
Canjani, gan-jam' (Ind.)
Gantheaume Bay, gan'thora ba (Aus-
tral.)
Gap, gap (Ft.)
Garbieh, gar-be'e (Eg.)
Gard, gar (Fr.) dep.
Gardaia, gar-di'a (Alg.)
Garessio, ga-ras'se-o (It.)
Gar^ano, gar-ga'no (It.) mt.
Ganep, ga-rep' (Af.)
Garlieston, gar'lis-ton (Scot.)
Garonne, ga-ron' (Fr.) dep.
Garrows, gar'roz (IndJ
Garstang, gars' tang (Eng.)
Garvagh, gar'va(Ir.)
Garvan, gar- van' (Ir.) isl.
Gascogne, gas-kon'ye (Fr.)
Gaspe, gas-pa' (Can.) dist.
Oastein, gils'tin (Ger.)
Oa«teren, gis'te-ren (Switz.)
Gatineau, ga-te-n6'(Can.) r.
Gattinara, gat-te-na'ra (It.)
Gaucin, ga-u-then' (Sp.)
Gaulna, gal'na (Ind.)
Gauritz, gou'rits (Cape Col.) r.
Gawelghur, ga-wel-ghur' (Ind.)
G6ant, zha-oii' (Switz.) mt.
Geelong, ge-long' (Austral.)
Geelvink, gal-vingk' (N. Guin. ) b.
Geertruidenberg, gar - troi ' den - berg
(Neth.)
Gefle, ya'fla (Swe.)
Geisenheim, giz'en-him (Ger.)
Geislingen, gisling-en (Ger.)
Gelderland, gel'der-lant (Neth.) jpr.
Geldern, gel'dfem (Ger.)
Gellivara, yel-le-va'ra (Swe.)
Gelves, chel'ves (Sp.)
Gemmi, gem'me (Switz.)
Gemona, ja-mo'na (It.)
Gemiinden, ge-mtin'den (Ger.)
Genemuiden, ga-na-moi'den (Neth.)
Genessee, jen-e-se' (U. S.)
Geneva, ge-ne'va (Switz.)
Genfeve, zh6-nav' (Switz.)
Genevieve, St., sant, colloquially sint
jen'e-vev (U. S.)
Genevre, ja-na'vra (It.) mt.
Gennaro, jan-na'ro (It.) mt.
Genoa, jen'6-a (It.)
Geneva, jen'6-va (It.)
Gensano, jan-sa'no (It.)
Gent, gent (Bel.)
Gentilly, zhoft-teMy§' or zhofi-te-ye'
(Fr.)
Georgievsk, ga-or'ge-evsk (Rus.)/<.
Gera, ga'ra (Ger.)
Gerace, je-ra'cha (It.)
Geraldton, jer'ald-ton (Austral.)
Germain, St., saft zhar-maft'(Fr.)
Gerolstein, ger'ol-stin (Ger.)
Gerona, dhe-ro'na (Sp.)
Gestrikland, yes'trik-land (Swe.)
Gex, zheks (Fr.)
Ghadames, ga-da'mes (N. Af.)
Gharian, ga're-an (Af.) mt.
Gharnis, El, el gar'nes (Tunis)
Ghauts, ghats (Ind.)
Ghazeepoor, ga-ze-pbr' (Ind.)
Ghazni, guz'ne (Afg.)
Ghenneh, gen'ne (Eg.)
Ghent, gent (Bel.)
Ghilan, ge'lan (Per.)
Ghiustendil, gyus'tan-del (Tur.)
Ghizeh, ge'ze (Eg.) See Gizeh
Ghuznee, guz'ne (Afg.)
Gianjar, ge-an-jar' (East. Arch.)
Glaveno, ja-va'no (It.)
Gibraltar, ji-brftl'tar (Sp.)
Gien, zhe-8fi'(Fr.)
zh, azure. French, rfte, bOt;
bl^, neuf; b, on.
German, th, naeht.
Gigr
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Gra
Gigha, ge'ga (Scot.) isl.
Giglio, je'lyo (It.) isl.
Gijon, 6he-6h6n'(Sp.)
Gilghit, gil'git (Ind.)
Gilolo, je-lo'16 (lud.)
Giojosa, jo-yo'sa (It.)
Giorgio, San, joi-'jo (It.)
Giovanazzo, jo-va-nat'tso (It.)
Gippsland, gips'land (Austral.)
Girgeh, ger'ge (Eg.)
Girgenti, jer-jan'te (It.)
Gironde, zhe-roud' (Fr.) dep.
Girvan, gSr'van (Scot. )
Gitschin, gech'eu (Bohem.)
Giurgevo, Giurgewo, jdr-ja'vo (Roum.)
tn.
Gizeh, Egyp. pron. ge'ze; pron. of other
Arab, dialects je'ze(Eg.)
Gjatsk, gzhatsk (Riis.)
Glamorgan, gla-mor'gan (Wales)
Glasgow, glas'go (Scot.)
Glastonbury, glas'ton-be-ri (Eng.)
Glauchau, glou'Chou (Ger.)
Glencaim, gleu-karn'(Scot.)
Glencoe, glen-ko' (Scot.)
Glengarry, glen-gar'ri (Scot.)
Glenorchy, glen-or'ki (Scot.)
Gloucester, glos'ter (Eng.)
Gliickstadt, gltik'stat (Ger.)
Gmiinden, gmun'den (Aust.)
Gnesen, gna'zen (Prus.)
Guiefkowo, gnef-ko'vo (Prus.)
Goajira, g6-a-6he'ra (Col.)
Goar, Sankt, sankt go'ar (Ger.)
Gobi, go'be (As ) des.
Godalming, god'al-niing (Eng.)
Godavery, go dii've-ri (Ind.)
Godollo, geu-deul-leu'(Hung.)
Goedereede, go-de-ra'de (Neth.)
Goenong Api, go-uoug'ii'pe (Moluc.)
Goes, gos (Neth. )
Goisern, g6-ez'6rn (Aust.)
Goito, go-e'to (It.)
Gojam, go-jam' (Abyss.)
Golconda, gol-kon'da (Ind.)
Goldau, gol'dou (Switz.)
Goldingen, gol'ding-en (Rus.)
Golspie, gol'spi (Scot.)
Gombroon, goni-bron'(Per.)
Gomera, go-me'ra (Can. Isls.)
Gometra, gom'e-tra (Scot.) isl.
Gbmor, geu-nieur' (Hung.)
Gomul, go'mbl (Afg.) r.
Gondar, gon'dar (Af.)
Gonzaga, gon-tsa'ga (It.)
Gonzales, gon-za'Iez (U. S.)
Goole, gbl (Eng. )
Goomty, gom'ti (Ind.)
Goor, gor (Neth.)
Goorkha, gor'kha (Nepal.)
Goppingen, geup'ping-en (Ger.)
Gorbatov, gor-ba-toV (Rus. )
Gordoncillo, gor-don-thel'yo (Sp.)
Goree, go-ra' (Chan. Isls.)
Gorgona, gor-go'na (Pac. Oc.) isl.
Gorgonzola, gor-gon-tso'la (It.)
Gbrlitz, geui-'lets (Prus.)
Gorokhov, gor-6-6hov' (Rus.)
Gorontalo, go-ron-ta'16 (East. Arcli.) 6.
Gorredijk, goi-'ra-dik (Neth.)
Gbrschen, geur'shen (Prus.)
Goruckpoor, go-ruk-pbi"' (Ind.)
Gorz, geurz (Aust.)
Goslar, goz'lar (Ger.)
Gbtaland, yeu'ta-lan (Swe.) isl.
Gbteborg, yeu'te-bnrg (Swe.)
Gotha, g6'ta(Ger.)
Gothard, St., saiit, colloquially sint
goth'ard; Germ. pron. sankt gbt'-
hard(Switz.)m<.
Gothland, goth'land (Swe.) isl.
Gottenburg, got'teu-bbrg (Swe.)
Gbttingen, geut'ing-en (Ger.)
Gottska Sandbe,gots'kasan'deu-e (Swe.)
Gouda, gou'da (Neth.)
Goumri or Gumri, gbm're (Rus.)
Gour, gour (Ind.)
Gourock, gb'rok(Scot.)
Govan, guv'an (Scot.)
Governador, gb-var-na-doi-' (Braz.) isl.
Goyaz, go-yaz' (Braz.)
Gozo, go'sb (Medit.) isl.
Graaf-Reynet, graf-re-net' (.Cape Col.)
Graauw, gra'uv (Neth.)
Grabow, gra'bo (Ger.)
Gradiska, N., gra-des'ka (Aust.)
Graena, gra-e'na (Sp.)
Grafenberg, gra'f en-berg (Ger.)
Graf en worth, gra'fen-velirt (Ger.)
Graigue, grag(Ir.)
Graiguemanach, grag-man'ach (Ir.)
Grammichele, gram-me-ka'la (Sic.)
Granada, gra-na'THa (Sp. )
Granadilla, gra-na-THel'lya (Sp.)
Granard, gra-nard'(Ir.)
Granatula, gra-na-tb'la (Sp.)
Grande, gran'da (Braz.) r.
Grand Lieu, grofi le-eu' (Fr.) I.
Grand Tr6, groh pra (Fr.)
Grangemouth, granj'mouth (Scot.)
Granichen, gra'ne-6hen (Switz.)
Granja, La, la gran'Cha (Sp.)
Grantham, grant'am (Eng.)
Gran ton, gran'ton (Scot.)
Grasb, gra'seu (Swe.) isl.
Gratiot, gra'shi-ot (U. S.)
Gratz, grets(Aust. Prus.)
Graubiinden, grou'bilnd-en (Switz.)
Fate, far, fat, fall; me, met, h6r, golden; pine, pin; note, not, move;
tub, bull; oil, pound; ch, chain; g, go; j, job; y, yes; nu, then; th, thin;
(36)
Gra
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Gxir
Graudenz. grou'dents (Prus.)
Graulhet, gro-la' (Fr.)
Gravelines, grav-leu'(Fi*.)
Gravesend, gravz'end (Eng.)
Gravezande, gra-ve-zau'de (Neth.)
Gravina, gra-ve'na (It.)
Gray, gra (Fr.)
Grazalema, gra-thii-le'ma (Sp.)
Greenhithe, gren'hiTH (Eng.)
Greenock, gren'ok (Scot.)
Greenwich, grin'ich (Eng.)
Greifswalde, grlfs'va,l-de (Prus.)
Greitz, grits (Ger.)
Grenaae, gre-no'a (Den.)
Grenada, gre-na'da, tsi.
Grenade, gre-nivl' (Fr.)
Grenoble, gre-nolt)! (Fr.)
Greussen. grois'sen (Ger.)
Grevismiihlen, gra-fes-niMen (Ger.)
Greyerz, gn'erts (Switz.)
Grignano, gre-nya'no (It.)
Grigoriopol, gre-go-re-o'pol (Rus.)
Grijo, grg'zho (Port.)
Grijpskerk, grips'kerk (Neth.)
Grimsel Pass, grem'sel (Switz.)
Grindelwald, gren'del-valt (Switz.)
Grinnell Land, gri-nel' land (Arc. Oc.)
Griqua, gre'kwa(Af.)
Grislehamn, gresla-ham (Swe.)
Gris Xez, gre na (Fr.) c.
Grisons, gre-zoii' (Switz:)
Groede, grb'de (Neth.)
Groenlo, grbn'lo (Neth.)
Groix, grw|i (Fr.) isl.
Groningen, gro'ning-en (Neth.)
Gronsund, gretin'sdnd (Den.)
Groote Eylandt, gro'te iiant (Austral)
isl.
Groot Zundert, grot ziin'dert (Neth.)
Grossetto, gros-sat'to (It.)
Gross Venediger, gros ve-na'di-6her
(Aust.)
Grosswardein, gros-vai'din (Hung.)
Groton, grot'on (Eng.); gro'ton (U. S.)
Grudek, grb'dek (Aust.)
Grutii, grdt'le (Switz.)
GruySres, gru-yar' (Switz.)
Gsteig. gstig (Switz.)
Guadalaviar, gwa-THa-la-ve-ar' (Sp.) r.
Guadalaxara or Guadalajara, gwa-THa-
la-6ha'ra(Sp.)
Guadalmez, gwa-THal-meth'(Sp.) r.
Guadalquivir, gwa'THiil-ke-ver' (Sp.) r.
Guadalupe, gwa-da-Ib'pa; popularly ga-
da-l5p'(U. S.)
Guadarrama, gwa-THar-ra'ma (8p.)
Gua<leloupe, ga-dd-lbp' (W. Ind.)
Guadiana, gwa-THe-a'na (Sp.) r.
Guadix, gwa-iHe6h' (Sp.)
Guahan, gwa-han' (Ladrone Isls.)
Guaianeco, gwa-ya-na'ko (Patag.) isls.
Guajiro, gwa-6he'ro (Venez.)
Gualateiri, gwa-la-ta'e-re (Chile)
Gualdo, gu-ai'do (It.)
Guamachucho, gwa-ma-chb'cho (Peru)
Guanianga, gwa-nian'ga (Peru)
Guanacache, gwa-na-ka'che (Arg. Con.)
Guanahani, gwa-na-ha'ne (Bahamas)
Guanajuato, gwa-na-6hu-a'to (Mex.)
Guapore, gwa-po'ra (Braz.) r.
Guarapari, gwa-ra-pa're (Braz. )
Guaratingueta, gwa-ra-ten-ga'ta (Braz.)
Guardafui, gwar-da-fwe' (Af.)
Guardamar, gwar-da-mar' (Sp.)
Guardia, gwar'de-a (Sp.)
Guarico, gwa-re'ko (Venez.)
Guarino, gwa-re-no' (Col.) r.
Guarisamey, gwa-re-sa-ma' (ilex.)
Guarmey, gwar-ma' (Peru)
Guatemala, gwa-te-ma'la (Cent. Am.)
Guatla, gwat'la(Mex.)
Guayana, gwi-a'na(S. Am.)
Guayaquil, gwi-a-kel' (S. Am.)
Guayas, gwi'as (Ecuad.)
Guaymas, gwa-e-mas' (Mex.)
Guayra, La, la gwa'e-ra (Venez. )
Gubbio, gbb'be-b(It.)
Guebwiller, geb-vel-lar' (Fr.)
Guelders, Guelderland, gel'derz, gel'-
der-lant (Neth.)
Gu^rande, ga-roiid' (Fr.)
Guerara, ga-rii'ra (Alg.)
Guercino, gwer-che'nb (It.)
Guernsey, gern'zi (Chan. Isls.) isl.
Guerrero, ger-re'ro (Mex. )
Guglionisi, gb-lyo-ne'ze (It.)
Guguan, gb-gwan' (Ladrone Isls.)
Guiana, Guyana, ge-a'na or gi a'ua
Guienne, ge-en' (Fr.) jir.
Guildford, gil'ford or gild'ford (Eng.)
Guimaraens, ge-ma-ra'efiz (Port)
Guinea, gi'ne (Af.)
Guines, gen (Fr.)
Guingamp, gaft-gofi' (Fr.)
Guipuzcoa, ge-pbth'ko-a (Sp.)
Guisborough, giz'bu-ru (Eng.)
Guise, gez (Fr.)
Gu jerat, gb'je-rat (Ind. )
Guldbrandsdal, gbl'branz-dal (Nor.)
Gumbinnen, gbm-ben'en (Prus.)
Gumiel, gb-me-er(Sp.)
Gunabad, gb'na-bad (Per.)
Gundaniuk, gun'da-muk (Afg.)
Gundelflngen, gbn'del-feng-en (Ger.)
Gundwaua, gun-dwa'na Qnd.)
Gunong Ledang, gb-nongMe-dang'(MaL
Pen.)
Giins, gftnsh (Hung.)
Gurhwal, gur-hwar (Ind^
Gurupatuba, gb-rb-pa-tb'ba (Braz.) r.
xh, azure. French, vQe, bQt;
bleu, neuf;
(87)
b, on. German, ch, n&cht
Gus
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Hel
Guspini, g08-p6'ne (It.)
Gussago, gos-sa'go (It.)
Gussola, go8-so'la (It.)
Gustrow, gils'tro (Ger.)
Guthrie, guth'ri (Scot.)
Gutzkow, gflts'ko (Ger.)
Guyandotte, gl-an-dot' (U. S.)
Gwalior, gwa'le-or (Ind. )
Gyarraath, dyor-mot' (Hung.)
Gympie, gim'pi (Qld.)
Gyongyos, dyeun-dyeush (Hung.)
Gydrgyd, dyeur-dyeu' (Hung.)
Gyswyl, ges'vgl (Switz.)
Gyula, dyb'lo (Hung.)
H.
Haag, h&g (Neth.)
Haarlem, Haerlem, Harlem, harlem
(Neth.)
Habana or Havana, ha-va'na (Cuba)
Habsburg, habz'borg (Switz.)
Hacha, ach'a (Col.) r.
Hacienda, a-se-en'da (Mex.)
Haddington, had'ing-ton (Scot.)
Hadersleben, ha-derz-la'beu (Den.)
Hadleigh, had'li (Eng.)
Hadramaut, ha-di^-mout'; Arab. pron.
ha-dra-ma-bt'(Ar.)
Hagenow, ha'ge-no (Ger. )
Hague, The, hag (English name of Den
Haag, Neth.)
Haguenau, a-g6-n6' (Fr.)
Haiducken, hi-dok'en (Hung.)
Hailesborough, halz'bu-ru (Eng.)
Hailsham, hal'sham (Eng.)
Hainan, hl-nan' (China)
Hainaut or Hainault, ha-no' (Bel)
Hainichen, hi'ne-6hen (Ger.)
Haitien, ha'ti-en (Hayti) c.
Hajypoor, ha-ji-por' (Ind. )
Hakodade, ha-ko-da'de (Japan)
Halas, ha'lash (Hung.)
Halberstadt, hal'ber-stat (Prus.)
Haleb, ha'leb (Syr.)
Halesowen, halzo'wen (Eng.)
Halicz, ha'lech (Aust.)
Halifax, hal'i-faks (Eng. ; Am.)
Halle, hal'le (Prus.)
Hallingdall, hal'ing-dal (Nor.)
Hallowell, hal'lo-wel (U. S.)
Halmahera, hiil-ma-ha'ra (Moluc.)
Halatead, hal'sted (Eng.)
Ham, hoh (Fr.)
Hamadan, ha-ma-diin' (Pers.)
Hamburg, hiim'bdrg (Ger.)
Hammerfest, ham'mer-fest (Nor.) j)f.
Hamoon, ha-nibn' (Afg.) I.
Hanau, ha'nou (Ger.)
Hanover, han'6-v6r; German, Hannover
han-no'ver (Ger.)
Haparanda, ha-pa-ran'da (Swe.)
Hardanger Fjeld,har'dang-6r fyel(Nor.)
Harderwijk, har'der-vik (Neth.)
Harfleur, har-fletii-' (Fr.)
Haringvliet, ha'ring-vlet (Neth.) r.
Hari-Rud, ha're-rbd (Afg.)
Harlech, har'leCh (Wales)
Harlingen, hai-'ling-en (Neth.)
Haro, a'rb (Sp.)
Harrogate, ha'ro-gat (Eng.)
Hartenstein, har'ten-stin (Ger.)
Hartford, hart'ford (U. S.)
Hartlepool, har'tel-pbl (Eng.)
Harwich, har'ich (Eng.)
Harz, harts (Ger.) mt.
Haslingden, haz'ling-den (Eng.)
Hassan-Kaleh, has-san-kaia (Tur.)
Hasselt, has'selt (Bel.)
Hastings, has'tingz (Eng.)
Hastrup, has'trbp (Den. )
Hatteras, hat'te-ras (U. S.) c.
Hatvan, hot'von (Hung.)
Hauenstein, hou'en-stin (Switz.)
Haulbowline, hal-bb'lin(Ir.)
Havanna or Havana, ha-va'na (Cuba)
Havelberg, ha'vel-berg (Ger. )
Haverfordwest, ha 'v6r- ford -west
(Wales)
Haverhill, hav'6r-il (Eng.): ha'ver-il
(U. S.)
Havre, Le, 16 havr (Fr.)
Hawaii, ha-wi'e (Sand. Isls.)
Hawarden, har'den (Wales)
Hawea, ha-wa'a (N. Zd.) I.
Hawick, ha'ik (Scot.)
Hayle, hal(Eng.)
Haynau, hi'nou (Ger.)
Hayti or Haiti, ha'ti (W. Ind.)
Hazebrouck, ha-ze-brbk' (Fr.)
Heanor, h5'a-nor or he'nor (Eng.)
Hebrides, heb'ri-d6z (Scot.)
Hechingen, he6h'ing-en (Ger.)
Heckmondwike, hek'mond-wik (Eng.)
Hedemora, ha-da-mo'ra (Swe.)
Heerlen, harlen (Neth.)
Heesch, hasdh (Neth.)
Hegyallya, hed-yol'yo (Hung.)
Heidelberg, hi'del-berg (Ger.)
Heilbronn, hil'bron (Ger.)
Heiligenstadt, hi'li-gen-stat or hili-
Chen-stat (Prus.)
Hejaz, he-jaz' (Ar.)
Helena, St., sant, colloquially sint he-
le'na (Eng.) isl.
Fate, far, fat, fall; me, met, h6r, golden; pine, pin; note, not, mbve;
tub, bull; oil, pound; oh, chain; g, go; j, job; y, yes; TH, then; th, thin;
(88)
Hel
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Hoc
Helgeo, herge-eii (Nor.) isl.
Heliers, St., sant, colloquially sint
hel'yferz (Chan. Isls.)
Heligoland or Helgoland hel'i-go-land
or hel'go-land (Ger. Oc.) isl.
Hellespont hel'les-pont (Tur.) st.
Hellevoetsluis, hel'le-vbt-slois (Neth.)
Helmbrechts, helm'bre6hts (Ger.)
Helmund, hel'mund (Afg.) r.
Helsingborg, hal'seng-borg (Swe.)
Helsingfors, hal'seng-foi-s (Riis.)
Helsingor, hal'seng-eur(Den.)
Helvellyn, hel-veHin (Eng.)
Hemixen, ha-mek'sen (Bel.)
Hemmingsted, hem'eng-sted (Den.)
Hengelo, heng'e-16 (Neth.)
Henley, henli (Eng.)
Henlopen, hen-16'pen (U. S.) c.
Hennebont, hen-bon'(Fr.)
Hennepin, hen'ne-pin (U. S.)
Henrico, hen-ri'ko (U. S.)
Heraclea, he-ra-kle'a (Tur.)
Herat, he-rat' (Afg.)
H^rault, a-ro'(Fr.)
Herbolzheim, har'bolts-lura (Ger.)
Hereford, he're-ford (Eng.)
Herencia, e-ren'the-a (Sp. )
Herenfhals, ha'ren-tiils ?Bel.)
H^ricourt, a-ra-kbi-' (Fr._)
Herisau, ha're-zou (Switz.)
Herjedalen, her'ye-da-len (Swe.)
Hermann, her-manle (Bulg. )
Hermannstadt, her'man-stat (Aust.)
Hermanos, Dos, dos er-ma'nos (Venez.)
uls.
Hemad, her-nod' (Hung.) r.
Hemani, er-na'ne (Sp.)
HemosaHd, har'neu-san (Swe.)
Herrera, er-re'ra (Sp. )
Hermhut, hern'hot (Ger.)
Hertford, h6rt'ford or har'ford (Eng.);
h6rt'ford (U. S.)
Hertogenboscn, her-t6'gen-bos<ih
(Neth.)
Herzeele, har-zale (Neth.)
Herzegowina, herts-e-go-ve'na (Tur.)
Herzogenbuschsee, har-tsog'cn-bdsh-za
(Switz.)
Hesain, as-daft' (Fr.)
Hesse-Darmstadt, hes-se-darm'stat;
German, Hessen - darnistadt, hes-
sen-diirm'stat (Ger.)
Hessleholm, hes'le-holm (Swe.)
Heubach, hofbadh (Ger.)
Heusden, hetis'den (Neth.)
Heves, ha'vesh (Hung.)
Hexham, heks'am (Eng.)
fleyst, hist (Belg.)
Heytesbury, hats'be-ri (Eng.)
Hibiappaba, e-be-ap-pa'ba (Braz.)
Hidegkut, he-dag'kut (Hung.)
Hidveg, hed'veg (Hung.)
Hierapolis, hi-e-rap'o-lia (Tur.)
Hiferes, e-ar'(Fr.)
Higuera, e-ge'ra (Sp.)
Higuey, e-ga' (Hayti)
Hilaire, St., san-te-lar' (Fr.)
Hildburghausen, held'bbrg-houz-en
(Ger.)
Hildesheim, hel'des-him (Ger. )
Himalaya, he-mala-ya; popularly, him-
a-la'ya (Ind.) mt.
Hindeloopen, hin-de-lo'pen (Neth.)
Hindden, hen'deu-en (Nor.) isl.
Hingham, hing'am (U. S.)
Hinojosa, e-no-6h6'sa (Sp.)
Hiogo, he-o'go (Jap.)
Hippolyte, ep-p6-let' (Fr.)
Hispaniola, es-pa-nS-o'la (W. Ind.)
Hjarnde, yar'neii-e (Den.) isl.
Hjelmar, yel'mar (Swe.) I.
Hjorring, yeurtng (Den.)
Hlassa, hlas'sa (Tibet)
Hoang-Ho, ho-ang-ho' almost hwang-
ho' (As.)
Hoboken, ho-bo'ken (U. S.)
Hochheim. hofih'him (Ger.)
Hdchst, heudhst (Ger.)
Hdchstadt, hetiCh'stat (Ger.)
Hochstetten, h66h'stet-ten (Switz.)
floddesdon, hodz'don (Eng.)
Hodeida, h6-da'e-da(Ar.)
Hoevelaken, ho've-la-ken (Neth.)
Hohenlinden, ho'en-len-den (Ger.)
Hohenlohe, ho'en-lo-e (Ger.)
Hohenstaufen, ho'en-stou-fen (Ger.)
Hohenzollern, ho-en-tsollern (Ger.)
Hokitika, ho-ki-t6'ka(N. Zd.)
Holcar, hol-k^r' (Ind.)
Hold-Mezd-Vasarhely, hold-me-zeu-va-
shar-haly' (Hung.)
Holmestrand, hol'me-stran (Swe.)
Holstebrd, hol'sta-breti (Den.)
Holsteln, hol'stin (Ger.)
Holyliead, liol'i-hed (Wales)
Holywell, hol'i-wel (Wales)
Hombori, hom'bo-re (Af.) mts.
Homburg, hom'bdrg (Ger.)
Ho-nan, ho-nan' (China)
Honduras, hon-dd'ras ; Span. pron. on-
dd-ras' (Cent. Am.)
Honeoye, hon-e-oi' (U. S.)
Honfleur, h6fi-fletir'(Fr.)
Hong-kong, hong-kong' (China)
Honiton, hon'i-ton (Eng.)
Honolulu, ho-no-ld'ld (Sand. Isls.)
Honrubia, 6n-rd'be-a (Sp.)
Honth, hont (Hung.)
Hoofdplaat, hoft'plat (Neth.)
Hoogeveen, ho'ge-van (Neth.)
zb, azure.
French, vde, blit; bl^, netif ; 1x, on,
(89)
Qerman, ch, n&cht.
Hoo
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
m
Hooghly, hog'll (Ind.)
Hoogstraeten, h6g-8tra'ten(Bel.)
Hoonan, ho-nan' (China)
Hoom, horn (Neth.)
Horazdiowitz, ho-raz'dyo-v5ts (Bohem.)
Horcajo, 6r-ka'6ho (Sp.)
Hormigas, 6r-me'gas (Sp.) isl.
Hornachos, or-na'chos (Sp.)
Hornburg, hSrn'bbrg (Ger.)
Hornli, horn'lg (Switz.)
Hornsea, horn'sS (Eng.)
Horsens, hor'sens (Den.)
Horsham, hors'am (Eng.)
Hostoraitz, hos'to-mets (Bohem.)
Hoszszu, hos'so (Hung.)
Hoszu, ho'so (Hung.)
Hotellerie, o-tel-re' (Fr.) isl.
Hottentot, hot'ten-tot (Af.) tr.
Hotzenplotz, ho'tsen-plots (Aust.)
Houat, b-a' (Fr.) isl.
Houdan, o-doii'(Fr.)
Houdeng, hb-doh' (Bel.)
Houghton - le-Spring, ho'ton-le-spring
(Eng.)
Hounslow, hounz'16 (Eng.)
Houpe, ho-pa' (China)
Housatonic, hb-sa-ton'ik (U. S.)
Houssa, hous'sa (Af.)
Houtman's Abrolhos, hout'manz a-bro'-
lyos (Austral.) isls.
Howick, hou'ik (Eng.)
Howth, both (Ir.)
Hbxter, heuks'ter (Ger.)
Hoya, ho'ya (Ger.)
Hoyerswerda, ho-yer-zvar'da (Prus.)
Hradisch, hra'desh (Aust.)
Huachipas, wa-che-pas' (Peru)
Huaheine, hb-a-hi'ne (Pac. Oc.)
Huallaga, wal-lya'ga (Peru) r.
Huamachuco, wa-ma-chb'ko (Peru)
Huancavelica, wan-ka-ve-le'ka (Peru)
Huanuco, wa-nb'kb (Peru)
Huaqui, wa'ke (Mex.) r.
Huari, wa-re' (Peru)
Huasco, was'ko (Chile)
Huddersfield, hud'd6rz-feld (Eng.)
Hudiksvall, hb'deks-val (Swe.)
Hu6, hb-a'; almost hwa (Anam)
Huelma, wel'ma (Sp.)
Huelva, wel'va (Sp.)
Huen or Hveen, hu-an' or van (Den.)
isl.
Huercalobera, wer-kS-lo-be'rll (Sp.)
Huerta, wei-'ta (Sp.)
Huesca, wes'ka (Sp.)
Huescar, wes-kar' (Sp.)
Hulme, hy6m (Eng.)
Humber, hum'b6r (Eng.)
Humboldt, hum'bolt (U. S.)
Humpoletz, hum'pb-lets (Bohem.)
Hundsruck, hbndz'rtik (Ger.) mts.
Hungerford, hung'ger-ford (Eng.)
Huntingdon, hun'ting-don (Eng.)
Hurdwar, hurd-wai"' (Ind.)
Huron, hyb'ron (N. Am.) I.
Hurrur, hur'rur (Af.)
Hussingabad, hus-sing-ga-bad' (Ind.)
Husura, hb'sbra (Den.)
Huy, Flem. pron. hoi ; French pron.
u-e' (Bel.)
Hvaloen, va'leun (Nor.)
Hvita, ve'ta (Iceld.)
Hyderabad, hi-de-ra-bad' (Ind)
Hydra, hi'dra (Gr.) isl.
Hyferes, e-ai-' (Fr.)
Hythe, hilH (Eng.)
lana, ya'na(Sib.)r.
Ibach, e'hMh (Switz.)
Ibague, e-ba'ge (Col.)
Ibbenbiiren, eb-ben-btl'ren (Ger.)
Ibiapaba, e-be-a-pa'ba (Braz.) mt.
Ibicui, e-be-kwe' (S. Am.) r.
Ibrahim, eb-ra-hem' (As. Tur.) r.
Ibraila, e-bra-g'la (Roum.)
Icana, e-ka'na (Braz.) r.
Icaque, e-ka'ke (Trinid.) c
Ichaboe, ik'a-bo (Af. ) isl.
Icolmkill, e-kom-kil' (Scot.)
Idaho, i'da-ho (U. S.)
Idanha, e-da'nya (Port.)
Iddah, ed'dah (W. Af.)
Idria, e'dre-a (Aust.)
Iekaterinodar,ya-ka-ta-re-n6-dar'(Ru8.)
lelagoui, ya la-gb'e (Sib.) r.
Igal, e-gal' (Aust).
Igarape, e-ga-ra'pa (Braz.)
Igatimi, e-ga-te'me (S. Am.)
Iglau, S'glou (Aust.)
Iglesias, g-glVse-as (It.)
IguaQU, e-gvva'sb (Braz.)
Igualada, e-gwa-la'THa (Sp.)
Igumen, g-gb-men' (Rus.)
Ij, i (Neth.)
Ijma, Szh'ma (Rus.) r.
Ijssel, is'scl (Neth.) r.
Hay, gli (Peru)
Ilchester, il'ches-t6r (Eng.)
Ildefonso, San, san el-de-fon'so (Sp.)
Ilfracombe, il'fra-kbm (Eng. )
llha Grande, el'ya gran'da (Braz.)
Hi, g-le'(As.)r.
Ilkeston, il'kes-ton (Eng.)
Illanon, gl-ia-non' (Philip.) b.
Fate, far, fat, fall; me, met, h6r, golden; pine, pin; n6te, not, mbve;
tub, bull; oil, pound; ch, cAain; g, go; j,joh; y, yes; tH, then; th, thin;
(40)
ni
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Jac
Illasi, Sl-la'se (It.)
lUawarra, il-la-war'ra (AustraL)
Ille, el (Fr.)
Ille et Vilaine, 61 a vg-lan' (Fr.) dep.
Iller, el'ler (Ger.) r.
Illescas, el-iyes-kas' (Sp.)
Illimani,el-ye-ina'ne(Bol.) mt.
Illinois, il-li-uois' or il-li-noi' (U. S.)
lUora, el-lyo'ra (Sp.)
Illyria, il-li'ri-a (Aust.)
Ilm, elm (Ger.)r.
Ilraen, il'nien (Rus.)
Ilmenau, el'me-nou (Ger.)
Ilminster, il'min-ster (Eng.)
Ilz, gits (Ger.)
Imandra, e-niiin'dra (Rus.) I.
Imbabura, eru-ba-bo'ra (Ecuad.)
Imerethi or Imeritia, e-ma-ra'ts, im-
6r-ish'i-a (Transcauc.)
Imola, e'mo-lft (It.)
Inagua, e-ua'gwa (Bahamas) isl.
Inchiquin, insh'i-kwin (Ir.)
Incisa, en-che'za (It.)
Indals-Elf, 6n'dalz-elf (Swe.)
Indiana, in-di-an'a (U. S.)
Indore, in-d6i-'(Ind.)
Indre, afi'dr (Fr.) r.
Indre et Loire, afi'dr a Iw^r (Fr.)
Indus, in'dus (Ind.) r.
Ineboli, e-na-bo'le (Tur.)
Ingendohl, eng'cn-dol (Switz.)
Ingleborough, ing'gl-bu-ru (Eng ) mt.
Ingoda, en-go'da (As.) r.
Ingoldstadt, eng'old-stat (Bav.)
Ingouville, aft-go-ver(Fr.)
Inhambane, en-yam-ba'na (E. Af.)
Inhauma, 6n-you'ma (Braz.)
Iniesta, g-ne-es'ta (Sp.)
Inkerman, IngTcgr-man (Rus.) val.
Inn, Sn (Aust.; Ger.; Switz.) r.
Innerleithen, in-ngr-le'THen (Scot.)
Innspruck, Sns'prok (Aust.^
Inowrazlaw, e-nov-rats'lav (Prus.)
Interlaken, en-ter-laTtcn (Switz.)
Inverary, in-v6-ra'ri (Scot.)
Inverkeithing, in-v6r-k6TH'ing (Scot.)
lona, !-o'na(Scot.)
Iowa, i'6-wa (U. S.)
Ipanema, 6-pa-na'ma (Braz.)
Ipsambool, 6p-8iim-boV (Nubia)
Ipswich, ips'wich (Eng.)
Iquiiiue, 6-k6'ke (Chile)
Iraja. 6 la zha (Braz.)
Irak Ajenii, Crak aj'e-mS (Per.)
Irak Arabi, frak ar'a-bs (As. Tur.)
Irasu, 6-rii-sb' (Cent. Am.) vole.
Iredell, ir'del (u. S.)
Ir^h, 5-rag' (Hung.)
Irkutsk, gr-k6t8k'7Sib.)
Iroquois, i-ro-kwoi' (N. Am.)
Irrawaddy, er-ra-wad'di (Bur.)
Irtish, er-tgsh' (Sib.)
Irvine, 6r'vin (Scot.)
Isakchi, e-sak'che (Roum.)
Isamal, e-sa-mai' (Mex.)
Ischia, es'ke-a (It.) isl.
Ischim, ish-em'(Sib.) r.
Isefiord, e'sa-fyor (Den.)
Iseo, g-sa'6 (It.)
Iserlohn, e'zer-lon (Ger.)
Isemia, e-sar'ne-a (It.)
Isidoro, g-se-do'ro (Mex.)
Isigny, g-sg-nye'(J'r.)
Isili, e-sgle (Sardin.)
Iskanderieh, is-kan-de-re'e (As. Tur.;
Eg.)
Iskelib, 6s'ke-leb(Tur.)
Islamabad, es-lam-a-bad' (Ind.)
Islay, na(Scot.) isl.
Islington, iz'llng-ton (Eng.)
Ismail, es-nia-el' (Rus.)
Ismailia, es-ma-e'ie-a
Isnik, gz-ngk' (Tur.)
Isola, e's6-la (It.)
Ispahan, es-pa-han' (Per.)
Issoudun, gs-so-duh' (Fr.)
Issyk-kul, is'sek-kol (Sib.)
Istalif, gs-ta-lef'(Afg.)
Istria, is'tre-a (Aust.)
Itacolumi, g-ta-ko-lb'mg (Braz.) mts.
Itamaraca, g-ta-ma-ra-ka' (Braz.) isl.
Itaparica, e-ta-pa-rGTca (Braz.) isl.
Itapicuru, e-ta-pe-ko-rb' (Braz.) r.
Itaqueira, g-ta-ka'e-ra (Braz.) mt.
Itatiaiossu, S-ta-te-i-os'so (Braz.)
Itawamba, it-a-wom'ba (U. S.)
Ithaca, ith'a-ka (Gr. ; U. S.)
Ithaki, ith'a-kg (Gr.)
Iturup, e-to-rbp'(N. Pac. Oc.) isl.
Itzehoe, et'sa-hd (Ger.)
Ivanovo, e-vano'vo (Rus.)
Ives, St., sant, colloquially sint ivz
(Eng.)
Ivi<;a, e've-sa (Sp.) isl.
Ivinghoe, i'ving-ho (Eng.)
Ivrea, ev-ra'ii (It.)
Ixelles, ik-sel' (Bel.)
Izamal, c-sa-mal' (Mex.)
Iznajar, eth-na-(Miar' (Sp.)
J.
Jablonec, ya-blo-nets' (Bohem.)
Jablonka, ya-blon'ko (Hung.)
Jabugo, El, el 6ha-bb'gd (Sp.)
Jacarehi, zha-ka-ra'g (Braz.)
Jacinto, San, san ]a-sin'td (U. S.)
zh, azure. French, vfte, btit; bleu, ne'uf; h, on.
German, ch, nacAt.
Jac
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Kal
Jacniel or Jacquemel, zhak-mel'
(Hayti)
Jadraque, 6ha-dra'ke (Sp.)
Jaen, 6M-en' (Sp.)
Jagerndorf, ya'gern-dorf (Aust.)
Jaguaribe, zha-gwa-re'ba (Braz.) r.
Jahde, yah'de (Ger.) r.
Jahicos, zha-e'kos (Braz.)
Jalapa, 6ha-la'pa (Mex.)
Jalisco, 6ha-les'k6 (Mex.)
Jamaica, ja-ma'ka, isl.
Jarau, ju-mo' (Ind.)
Janina or Yanina, ya'ne-na (Tur.)
Jan Mayen, yan mi'en (Arc. Oc.) isl.
Japan, ja-pan' (As.)
Japura, ya-po'ra (S. Am.) r.
Jaraicejo, 6ha-ra-e-the'ch6 (Sp.)
Jarama, 6ha-ra'ma (Sp.) r.
Jardinillos, char-de-nel'lyos (Cuba)
isls.
Jaromirz, ya'ro-merts (Bohem.)
Jaroslav, ya'ro-slav (Rus.) r.
Jassy, yas'se fRoum.)
Jastrow, yas'tro (Prus.)
Jaszbereny, yas-ba-rany' (Hung.)
Jauja, 6hou'6ha (Peru)
Java, ja'va (East Arch.) isl.
Javari, ya-va-re'(Braz.)
Jawana, jii-va'na (Java)
Jean d'Angely, St., san zhon dofizh-le'
(Fr.)
Jean de Luz, St., san zhon de IQz (Fr.)
Jedburgh, jed'bu-ru (Scot.)
Jedo, ye'do (Jap.)
Jelalabad, jel-al-a-bad'(Afg.)
Jelatma, ye-lat'ma (Rus.)
Jemilah, je-me'la (Alg. )
Jemtland, yemt'land (Swe.)
Jenne, jen'ne (W. Af.)
Jequitinhonha, zha-ke-te-nyo'nya
(Braz.) r.
Jerahi, je-ra'he (Per.) r.
Jerez de la Frontera, Cher-eth' de la
fron-te'ra (Sp.)
Jerica, che-re'ka (Sp.)
Jersey, j6r'zi (Chan. Isls.)
Jessulmeer, jes-sul-mer' (Ind.)
Jeypoor, ji-por' (Ind.)
Jezairi - bahri - Sefld, je-zi're-ba'hri-sa'
fed (Tur.)
Jezireh-ibn-Omar, ja-ze'reh-ebn-6-mar'
Tur.
Jhalavan, jha'la-van (Beluch.)
Jijona, dhe-Cho'na (Sp.)
Jimena, 6he-me'na (Sp.)
Jitomir, zhit'6-mer (Rus.)
Joachirasthal, yo'a-ehems-tal (Bohem.)
Joao, Sao, souh zho-oufi' (Port.)
Joaquin, San, san wa-ken' (Calif or.)
JcBtun Fjelil, yeut'ftn fyel (Nor.)
Johannesburg, jo-han'es-burg (S. .^f.)
Johannisberg, yo-han'nes-berg (Prus.)
Johore, jo-hoi-' (Mai. Pen.)
Joinville, zhwaii-vel' (Fr.)
Joliba, jol'i-ba(Af.)r.
Jonkjdping, yeun-tyelip'ing (Swe.)
Joodpoor, jod-por' (Ind.)
Joonaghur, jb-na-gur'(Ind.)
Jorquera, 6hor-ke'ra (Sp.)
Jorullo, ch6-ro'lyo(Mex.)
Jostedalsbrse, yos'te-dalz-bra (Nor.)
Jouf, EI, el jbf (Af.)
Joug, yog (Rus. ) r.
Joure, you're (Neth.)
Joyeuse, zhwa-ye1lz' (Fr.)
Juan, San, san dhy-an' (Arg. Con.)
Juan Fernandez, ju'an f6r-Tian'dez; Sp.
pron. 6hu-an' fer-nan'deth (S. Am.)
isl.
Jubbulpoor, jub-bul-por' (Ind.)
Jucar, 6hb-kar' (Sp.)
JugduUuk, jug-dul'luk (Afg.)
Juggernauth, jng'ger-iiat (Ind.)
Jujuy 6hb-6hwe' (Arg. Con.)
Juliers, zhfi-le-a' (Ger."^
Julunder, ]u'lun-d6r (Ind.)
Juniifeges, zhii-me-azh'(Fr.)
Jumilla, 6h6-me'lya (Sp.)
Jumna, jum'na (Ind.) r.
Jumnoutri, jum-nb'tri (Ind.)
Junee, ju-ne' (N. S. W.)
Jungfrau, ybng'frou (Switz.) mt,
Junin, 6ho-n6n' (Peru)
Jura, jo'ra (Scot.) isl.
Jura, zha-ra' (Fr.) dep.
Jura, yb'ra (Switz.) mts.
Juruena, zhb-rij-a'na (Braz.) r.
Jutay, dho'ti (S. Am.) r.
Jutland (Anglicized form of Danish
Jylland), Jutland (Den.)
Jylland, yftl'lan (Den.)
Jynteah, jin'te-S (Ind.)
K.
Kaagoe, ko'geu-e (Nor.) isl.
Kabardah, ka-bar'da (Rus.)
Kabool, Kabul, ka'bul (Afg.)
Kacunda, ka-kun'da (W. Af. )
Kadjang, kad-jang' (Celebes)
Kadoe, ka-db' (Java)
Kafiristan, ka-fe-res-tan' (Cent. As.)
Kahira, ka'he-ra (Eg. )
Kaifung, ki-f ung' (China)
Kainsk, ka-ensk' (Sib.)
Kaira, ka'e-ra (Ind.)
Fate, far, fat, fall; me, met, her, golden; pine, pin; note, not, move;
tub, bull; oil, pound; ch, cAain; g, go\ j, job; y, yes; TH, Wien; th, tAin;
(48)
Kai
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Kel
Kairwan, kir-wan' (Af.)
Kaisarieh, ki-sa-re'e (Tur.)
Kaiserslautern, ki-zerz-lou'tem (Ger.)
Kaiserstuhl, ki'zer-stol (Switz.)
Kaiserswbrth, ki'zerz-vetirt (Ger.)
Kalabsheh, ka-lab'she (Nubia)
Kalafat, ka-la-fat' (Roum.)
Kalamaki, ka-ia-ma'ke (As. Tur.) b.
Kalamazoo, ka-la-ma-zo' (U. S.)
Kalamita, ka-la-me'ta (Black Sea) b.
Kalantan, ka-lan-tan' (Mai. Pen.)
Kalavrita, ka-lav-re'ta (Gr.)
Kalgujev, kal-go-yef (Rus.) isl.
Kalimno, ka-lim'no (Gr.) isL
Kalisch, ka'lesh (Rus.)
Kalisz, ka'lesh (Rus.)
Kalmar, kal-mai-' (Swe.)
Kaltbrunnen, kalt-brdn'en (Switz.)
Kaluga, ka-lo'ga (Rus.)
Kalusz, kalosh (Aust. Gal.)
Kama, ka'ma (Rus.) r.
Kaniaran, ka-ma'ran (Red Sea) isl
Kamenaia-Ba, ka-ma-na'ya-ba (Rus.)
Kamenetz, ka'ma-nets (Rus.)
Kamenitz, ka'ma-nets (Bohem.;Hung.)
Kamenskoi, ka-men'sko-e (Rus.)
Kamieniec, kam-yen'yets (Rus.)
Kamishin, ka-me'shen (Rus.)
Kamoe, kaTneu-e (Nor.) isl.
Kamouraska, ka-mo-ras'ka (Can.)
Kampen, kam'pen (Den.)
Kamtchatka, kam-chat'ka (As.)
Kanaga, ka-na'ga (Aleut. Isls.)
Kanagawa, ka-na-ga'wa (Japan)
Kanawha, ka-na.'wa(U. S.)
Kanchinjinga, kun'chin-jing"ga (As.)
mt.
Kan-chow, kan-chou' (China)
Kandabou, kan-da-bo' (Fiji Isls.)
Kandahar, kan-da-har' (Afg.)
Kandalaska, kan-da-las'ka (Rus.)
Kandersteg, kan'der-steg (Switz.)
Kandy, kan'di fCeylon)
Kangelang, kang-ge-lang' (East. Arch.)
isl.
Kania, ka'ne-arW. Af.)
Kanisa, ka-ne'sha (Hung.)
Kankari, kan'ka-re (Tur.)
Kan-kiang, kan-ki-ang' (China) r.
Kannagherry, kan'na-ge-ri (Ind.)
Kano, ka-no' (Cent. Af.)
Kanoje, ka'noj (Ind.)
Kansas, kan'zas (U. S.)
Kansoo, kan-sb' (China)
Kantalicounda, kan-ta-le-k5n'da (W.
Af.)
Kantavu, kan-ta-vb' (Fiji Isls.)
Kanturk, kan-t6rk' (Ir.)
Kaobangtran, ka-6-bang-tran', almost
kou-bang-tran' (Ao&m.)
Kapricio, ka-prs'se-o (Tur.)
Kara, ka'ra (Rus.) r.
Karabashle, ka-ra-bashla (Tur.)
Karabaugh, ka-ra-bag' (Transcauc.)
Kara-Dagh, ka-ra'dag (Tur. in Eur. and
As.) mis.
Karaghinsky, ka-ra-g6n'sks (Sib.) isl.
Kara Hissar, ka-ra'hes-sar' (Tur.)
Karakal, ka-ra-kal' (Roum.)
Karakoram Pass, ka-ra-ko'rum pas
(Cent. As.)
Karaman, ka-ra-man' (As. Tur.)
Karamania, ka-ra-ma'ne-a (As. Tur. )
Karang-asam, ka-rang'a-sani (East.
Arch.)
Karansebes, kor-on-sha-besh' (Hung.)
Kara-Su, Karasou, ka-ra'so" (Rus. and
As.) r.
Karateghin, ka-ra-te-gen' (Cent. As.)
Karaula, ka-rala (N. S. W) r.
Kardszag, kord-sog' (Hung.)
Karikal, ka're-kal (Ind.)
Karleby Gamla (kar'le-btt gam 'la
(Rus.)
Karlova, kar-16'va(Hung.)
Karlstadt, karl'stat (Ger.)
Karoly, ka-roly' rHung.)
Karroos, kar-rbz' (S. Af.)
Kasan, ka-zan' (Rus.)
Kaschau, kash'au (Hung.)
Kashan, ka-shan' (Per.)
Kaskaskia, kas-kas'ki-a (U. S.)
Kasmark, kash'mark (Hung.)
Kassa, kosh'sho (Hung.)
Kastamuni, kas-ta-mo'ng (As. Tur.)
Kastrikum, kast'ri-kum (Neth.)
Katagum, ka'ta-gom (Cent. Af.)
Katahdin, ka-tah'din (U. S.) mt.
Katrine, Loch, lo6h kat'rin (Scot.)
Katsena, kat-se'na (Cent. Af.)
Kattegat, kat'te-gat (N. Sea)
Katunga, ka-ton'ga (W. Af.)
Katwijk, kat'vik (Neth.)
Kauai, kou'I (Sand. Isls.) isl.
Kaufbeuren, kouf-boi'ren (Ger.)
Kautokeino, kou-to-ka'e-no (Nor.)
Kavala, ka-va'la (Tur.)
Kayserberg, ki'z6r-berg (Fr.)
Kazan, ka-zan' (Rus.)
Kazbek, kaz-bek' (Rus.) mt.
Kazeroun, ka'ze-rbn (Per.)
Kealakeakua, ka-a'la-ka-a-kb"a (Ha-
waii) b.
Kebir, El, el ke-b6r' (Tunis)
Kecskemet, kech-ke-met'(Hung.)
Kediri, ka-dg'r6 (Java)
Keewatin, ke-wa'tin (Can.)
Keighley. kSth'li (Eng.)
Keiskamma, kis-kam'ma (S. Af.) r.
Kelat, ke-iat' (As.)
zh, azure.
French, vfte, bQt; bltiti, neuf ;
(«)
b, on. German, ch, n&cht.
Ken
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Klo
Keneh, ken'e (Eg.)
Kenia, ke-ne'a (Af.) ynt.
Kennebec, ken-ne-bek' (U. S.)
Kennebunk, keu-ne-bungk' (U. S.)
Kentucky, ken-tuk'i (U. S.)
Kenzingen, ken'tsing-en (Ger.)
Keokuk, ke'o-kuk (U. S.)
Kerah, ka'ra (Per.)
Kerbela, ker-ba'la (As. Tur.)
Kerguelen, kSr'ge-len (Ind. Oc.) Ul.
Kerkinet, ker'kg-net (Black Sea) g.
Kerman, ker-mjin' (Per.)
Kermanshah, ker-man'sha (Per.)
Kerrera or Kerera, ker're-ra (Scot.)
isl.
Kerry, ke'ri (Ir.) co.
Kershaw, k6r-sha'(U. S.)
Keswick, kez'wik or kez'ik (Eng.)
Keszthely, kest'haly (Hung.)
Kew, kyo (Eng.)
Kezdi Vasarhely, kez'de va-shar-haly'
(Hung.)
Khamil, dha-meV (Cent. As.)
Khamtis, Cham'tSz (East. Pen.) tr.
Khanpoor, khan-por' (Ind.)
Kharek, kha'rek (Per.) isl.
Khargeh, El, el 6hai-'ge (Eg.)
Kharijeh, El, el 6har'i-]e (Eg.)
Kharkow, 6har-kof' (R.us.)
Kliarput, 6har-put'(Armen.)
Khartoom, 6har-tom' (Eg.)
Khatanga, 6ha-tang'ga (Sib.)
Khatniaudoo, kat-nian-db' (Ind.)
Kherson, 6her-son' (Rus.) city
Khin-gan, 6h6n-gan' (As.) rnt.
Khiva, dhe'va(Tart.)
Khodavendikiar, cho - da - ven-d5-kyar'
(As. Tur.)
Khojak, 6ho-jak'(Afg.)
Khojend, 6ho-jend' (As.) j
Khokand, 6h6-kand'(As.) i
Khoondooz, 6hbn-dbz' (Cent. As.)
Khorassan, 6ho-ras-san' (Per.)
Khotan, 6h6-tan' (Cent. As.)
Khuzistan, 6hb-ze-stan' (Per.)
Khyber Pass, ehi'ber pas (Afg.)
Khyerpoor, khi-er-pbr' (Ind.)
Kiachta or Kiakhta, ke-a6h'ta (Sib.)
Kiang-se, ke-ang-se' (China)
Kiangsoo, ke-ang-sb' (China)
Kichinev, kish-in-ef (Rus.)
Kidderminster, kid'der-min-st6r (Eng.)
Kidwelly, kid-wel'li (Wales)
Kiel. kel(Prus.)
Kielce, k5-el'tse(Ilus.)
Kienlung, k6-en-lung' (Tibet)
Kiev, ke-yef (Rus.)
Kilauea, ki-lou-a'a (Sand. Isls.)
Kilbarchan, kil-bar'6han(Scot.)
Kildare, kildar' (Ir.) co.
Kilia, ke'le-a (Rus.) mouth qf the Da-
nube, ft.
Kilkee, kil-ke' (Ir.)
Kilkenny, kil-ken'ni (Ir.) co.
Killala, kil-la-la' (Ir.)
Killaloe, kil-la-lb' (Ir.)
Killarney, kil-Iar'ni (Ir.)
Killeani, kil-lern' (Scot.)
Killiecrankie, kil-li-krang^i (Scot.)
Kilmalcolm or Kilmacolm, kil-nia-
k6m'(Scot.)
Kilmarnock, kil-mar'nok (Scot.)
Kilrush, kil-rush' (Ir.)
Kilsyth, kil-sith' (Scot.)
Kimpina, kem-pe'na (Roum.)
Kincardine, kin-kar'din (Scot.) co.
Kinphorn, king'horn (Scot.)
Kingussie, king yn'si (Scot.)
Kinross, kin-ros' (Scot.) co.
Kinsale, kin-sal' (Ir.)
Kin tamo, kin-ta'mo (Af.)
Kintore, kin-toi"' (Scot.)
Kintyre, kin-tii-' (Scot.)
Kinzig, ken'tseih (Ger.)
Kibge, ke-eti'ga (Den.) b.
Kiowa, ki'o-wa (U. S.)
i Kippure, kip'yur (Ir.) int.
Kiraly, kg-ral/ (Hung.)
Kirghiz, ker-gfiz' (As.)
Kirin-oola, ke-ren-b'la (China)
Kirkby - Lonsdale, kerk - bi - lonz ' dal
(Eng.)
Kirkcaldy, ker-ka'di (Scot.)
Kirkcudbright, ker-kb'bri (Scot.)
Kirkebye, ker'ka-btl (Den.)
Kirkintilloch, kerk-in-til'lo6h (Scot.)
Kirriemuir, kir-ri-mybi-' (Scot.)
Kirsanov, ker-sa-nof (Rus.)
Kishenev, ke-she-nyef (Rua.)
irtskiminetas, kls-ki-min'e-tas (U. S.)
Kisliar, kez-le-ai-' (Rus.)
Kissingen, k6s'ing-en (CJer.)
Kitzbiihel, kets'bO-el (Aust.)
Kiung-chau-fu, ke-ung-chou-fb' (China)
Kiusiu, ke-b'se-b" (Jap.) isl.
Kixim, kek'sem (Rus.)2><.
Kiyoto, ke-yo'to (Jap.)
Kizil Irmak, kiz'il er-mak' (Tur.) r.
Kizliar, kez-le-ar' (Rus.)
Kjallerup, kyal'le-riip (Den.)
Kjeletz, kyel'ets (Rus.)
Kjerteminde, kyer-te-men'de (Den.)
Kjbbenhavn, kyeti'ben-hafen (Den.)
Klagenfurt, kla'gen-furt (Aust )
Klamath, kla'mat (U.S.)
Klausenburg, klou zen-bbrg (Transyl.)
Klausthal, klous'tal (Ger.)
Kloppenburg, klop'pen-bbrg<Ger.)
Fate, far, fat, fftU; me, met, h6r, golden; pine, pin; note, not, move;
tub, bull; oil, poiind; oh, c^ain; g, go\ j, job; y, yes; th, f^en; th, t^in;
(44)
Klo
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Kro
KloBterneuburg, kl6s-ter-noi'b5rg
(Aust.)
Klundert, klun'dert (Xeth.)
Knaresboroiigh, narz'bu-iu (Eng.)
Knesaelaere, knes-se-la'ra (Bel.)
Knockmeledown, nok-mel'e-doun (Ir.)
int.
Knottingley, not'ing-li (Eng.)
Knutsford, nuts'ford (Eng.)
Kobbe, kob'bS (Cent. Af.)
Kobenhavn, kyeli'ben-hafen (Den.)
Kobryn, k6-bren' (Rus.)
Kochem, ko6h'em (Ger.)
Koedijk, ko'dik (Neth.)
Koeichoo, ko-a-cho'; almost kwa-cho'
(China)
Koenigsberg, ketin'egz-berg (Ger.)
Koevorden, ko'vor-den (Neth.)
Kohat, ko-hat' (Ind.)
Kohistan, ko-hSs-tan' (Beluch.)
Kokan, ko-kau' (Cent. As.)
Kokel, ko'kel (Transyl.)
Koko-nor, ko-ko-nor' (China)
Kokura, ko-ko'ra (Jap.)
Koladyne, kol'a-din (Bur.)
Kolby, kol'ba(Den.)
Kolliken, keiUae-keu (Switz.)
Koln, keuln (Ger.)
Kolobeng, kol-o-beng' (Af.)
Kolokythia, ko-lo-ki-the'a (Gr.)
Kolomea, k6-16-nia'a (Aust.)
Kolozsvar, kol-osh-vir' (Transyl.)
Kolyma, k6'le-ma (Sib.) r.
Komlos, kom-losh' (Hung.)
Komorn, k5-m6rn'(Hung.)
Kongelf, kong'elf (Nor.)
Konia, ko'nS-a (As. Mi.)
Konieh, k6'ne-e (As. Mi.)
Koniggratz, keii'neg-grets (Bohem.)
Kbuigsberg, keu'nSgz-berg (Ger.)
Kbnigsee, keii'n6g-za (Ger.)
Kbnigstein, keu'neg-stin (Ger.)
Kbnigs winter, keu'nggz-ven-ter (Ger.)
Konotop, k6'n6-top (Rus.)
Konstantinograd, kon-stan-tS-no-grad'
(Rus.)
Konstanz, kSn'stants (Ger.)
Koomeshah, ko-me-sha' (Per.)
Koordistan, kbr-dis-tan' (Per.)
Kooria Mooria, kO'ri-a mo'ri-a (Arab.
Sea) igls.
Kootenay, ko'te-na (Brit. Col.)
Kooweerup, ko'we-ryp (Austral.) I.
Kopreinitz, ko-pri'ngts (Aust.)
Korana, kO-ra'na (Aust.) r.
Eoranganiite, ko - rang 'ga- met (Aus-
tral.) I.
Kordofan, kor-do-fan' (Af.)
Korenicsa, ko-ra-ne'cha (Croat.)
Komeuberg, kSr'noi-berg (Aust.)
Koronika, ko-ro-ue'ka (Rus.)
Kororareka, ko-ro-ra-ra'ka (N. Zd.) b.
Koros, keti-retish' (Hung.)
Korsabad, kor-sa-bad' (Tur.)
Korsor, kOr'stJtir (Den.)
Korvai, kor-va'6 (N. Zd.)
Kosciusko, kos-i-us'ko (U. S.; Austral.)
Kosel, k6'zel (Ger.)
Kosfeld, kehz'felt (Ger.)
Koshtan-tau, kosh'tan-tou (Cauc.) mt
Kosima, ko'se-ma (Jap.)
Koslin, keuz'lgn (Ger.)
Koslow, kos-lof (Rus.^
Kosseir, kos-sa'5r (Eg.)
Kossovo, kos-86'v6 (Tur.)
Kosteletz, kos'te-lets (Bohem.)
Kostroma,k6s-tr6-ma'(Rus.)
Kotelnitsch, ko-tel-nSch' (Rus.)
Kbthen, keu'ten (Ger.)
Kotzebue Sound, kot'ze-byu sound
(Alaska)
Kouban, ko-ban' (Rus.) r. and I.
Koubinskoe, kb-ben'sk5-a (Rus.)
Kouche, kb'cha (Turkestan)
Koudekerke, kou'de-ker-ke (Neth.)
Kouenlun, ko-en-lun' (Cent. As.) rnts.
Kouka, koTca (Af .)
Koukou-Khoto, kb-ko-6ho't6 (Mong.)
Koulfo, kol'fo (W. Af.)
Kouloi, koao-g (Rus.) r.
Koursk, kOrsk (Rus.)
Koushan, ko-shan' (As.)
Koutayeh, kb-ti'ye (As. Mi.)
Kovitska, k6-vets'ka (Rus.) b.
Kowno, kov'no (Rus.)
Kozlov, koz-lof (Rus.)
Krabbendijke, krablben-di-ke (Neth.)
Krageroe, kra'ge-reu-e (Nor.)
Kragujevatz or Kraguyevatz, kr&-go-
ya'vats (Servia)
Krajova, kra-yo'va (Roum.)
Krakow, kra'kou (Aust.)
Kranenburg, kra'nen-bbrg (Ger.)
Kranichfeld, kra'nedh-felt (Ger.)
Krasnoe-selo, kras-no-a-sa'lo (Rus.)
Krasnoiarsk, kras-no-yarsk' (Sib.)
Krassova, kra-sho'vo (Hung.)
Kraszua, kras'na (Hung.)
Krauchthal, krou6h'tai (Switz.)
Krautheim, krout'him (Ger.)
Krefeld, kra'felt (Ger.)
Krejanovka, kra-ya-nof'ka (Rus.)
Krementchug, kra-nieu-chbg' (Rus.)
Krempe, krem'pe (Den.)
Kreuzburg, kroits'bbrg (Prus.)
Kreuznach, kroits'nach (Ger.)
Kriens, kre'ens (Swit.)
Kronach, kr6'na<ih (Ger.)
Kronberg, kron'berg (Den.)
Kronstadt, kron'stat (Transyl. ; Rus.)
azure.
French, vOe, b&t; bleti, neuf; b, on.
(«)
German, th, u&eht.
Kro
PRONOTTNCING VOCABULARY.
Lan
Kjotoszyn, kro-to-shen' ^Prus. Pol.)
Krumenau, krb'me-nou (Switz.)
Krusenstern, kro'zen-st6m (Pac. Oc.)
isls.
Krylov, kri-lof (Rus. )
Kuban, ko-ban' (Rus.) r.
Kuchuk-Kainarji, ko - chok - ki - nar - jS'
(Rus.)
Kuilenburg, koilen-burg (Neth.)
Kuiiider, koin'der (Neth.)
Kukewari, ko-ka-wa'rS (Ind.) r.
Kul-i-kalan, kul-e-ka-lan' (Cent. As.) I.
Kuma, ko'ma (Transcauc.) r.
Kuniaon or Kumaun, ku-mii'on or
ku-moun' (Ind.)
Kunashir, ko-na-sher' (Jap.) isl.
Kunawar, ku-na-war' (Ind.)
Kunchinjunga, kun-chin-jung'ga (Ind.)
mt.
KUnzelsau, kfin'tsel-zou (Ger.)
Kuopio, ko-6'pe-o (Rus.)
Kur, kiir (Tur.) r.
Kurdistan, kor-dis-tan' (Tur. ; Per.)
Kuriles, kyvi'rilz (Pac. Oc.) ids.
Kuriuch-Su, ko-re-och'so (Rus.) r.
Kurkara-u8su,kor-ka'ra-u3-8o'(Dzoong.)
Kurland, kbr'land fRus.)
Kuro-Sivo, ko'ro-sg v6 (Pac. Oc.) curt.
Kurrachee, ku-ra'che (Ind.)
Kurram or Kurrum, kur'rum (Afg.)
Kurreechane, ku-r§-cha'ne (S. Af.)
Kurshee, kor-shg' (Cent. As.)
Kussery, kbs'se-ri (Cent. Af.)
Kussnacht, kfts'nacht (Switz.)
Kustenji, kos-ten'js (Tur.)
Kiistrin, ktls'tren (Prus.)
Kut, kbt (Tur.)
Kutais, kb'tis (Rus.)
Kutaiyeh, ko-ti'ye (Tur.)
Kutaya, kb-ta'ya (Tur.)
Kutchuk-Kainar ji, kb-chbk - ki - nar - jS*
(Rus.)
Kuttigen, kttt'ti-gen (Switz.)
Kyen-dwen, kyen'dwen (Bur.) r.
Kyritz, ks'rets (Prus.)
Kyundoung, kyun-dung' (Bur.)
Laaland, loian (Den.) isl.
Labiau, laTjg-ou (Prus.)
Labischiu. la-be'shgn (Prus.)
Labrador, lab-ra-dor' (N. Am. ; Eng.)
Labuan, la-bu-an' (East. Arch.) isl.
Lacantun, la-kan-tun' (Cent. Am.) r.
Laccadives, lak-a-divz' (Ind. Oc.) isls.
Lacedogna, la-cha-do'nya (It.)
Lachen, ia'6hen (Switz.)
Lachine, ia-sh6n' (Can.)
Lachlan, la6h'lan (Austral.)
Lackawannock or Lackawanna, lak-a-
wau'nuk, lak-a-wan'na (U. S.)
Lactacunga, lak-ta-kbng'ga (Ecuad.)
Ladak, la-dak' (Cent. As.)
Ladany, la-dany' (Hung.)
Ladoga, lad'o-ga (Rus.) i.
Ladoga, la-do'ga (U. S.)
Ladrones, la-dronz' (Pac. Oc.) isls.
Laeken, la'ken (Bel.)
Lagan, lag'an (Ir.) r.
Lagartas, la-gar'tas (Mex.)
Laggan, lag'gan (Scot.)
Lagnieu, la-nyg-eu' (Fr.)
Lagonero, la-go-na'ro (It.)
Lagos, la'gos (W. Af. ; Sp. ; Mex.)
Lagosta, la-gos'ta (Aust.) isl.
Laguna, la-go'na (Mex.)
Lagunilla, la-go-ue'lya (Sp. ; Venez.)
Lahadj, la-haj' (Ar.)
Lahajan, la-ha-jan' (Per.)
Lahej, la-hej' (Ar.)
Lahijan, la-he-jan' (Per.)
Laholm, laTiolm (Swe.)
Lahore, la-hor' (Ind.)
Lahul, la-hol' (Ind )
Laibach, liljafih (Aust.)
Lalita-patan, la-le-ta-pa-tan' (Ind.)
La Mancha, la man'cha (Sp.)
Lambalamflpa, lam-ba-lam-fe'pa (Af.)
mts.
Lambayeque, lam-ba-ye'ke (Peru)
Lambesc, lofi-besk' (Fr.)
Lambeth, lam'beth (Eng.)
Lamego, la-ma'go (Port.)
Lamlash, lam-lash' (Scot.)
Lammermoor, Iam-m6r-m6r' (Scot. )m ts.
Lamo, la'mo (E. Af.)
Lamone, la-mo'na (It.) r,
Lampara, lam-pa'ra (Cent. Am.) I.
Lampedusa, lam-pa-db'sa (Medit.) isl.
Lampertheim, lam'pert-him (Ger.)
Lampeter, lam'pe-t6r (Eng.)
Lamporecchio, lam-p6-rilk'lce-b (It.)
Lamsaki, lam'sa-ke (As. Mi.)
Lanark, lan'ark (Scot.)
Lancashire, lang'ka-shir or lang'ka-
Bh6r (Eng.)
Lancaster, lang'kas-t6r (Eng.) b.
Lanciano, lan-cha'no (It.)
Landeron, lofi-de-rbh' (Switz.)
Landes, lohd (Fr. ) dep.
Landivisian, lofi-d5-ve-zg-ofi' (Fr.)
Landrecies, lofi-dr-sg' (Fr.)
Landriano, lan-dre-a'no (It.)
Landscrona, lans-kro'na (Swe.) pt.
Landshut, landzTibt (Ger. ; Prus.)
Fate, far, fat, fgll; me, met, h6r, golden; pine, pin; note, not, mbve;
tub, bflll; oQ, pound; eh, cfcain; g, go; j,job; y, j/es; TH, then; th, thin;
(46)
Lan
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Lek
Landstuhl, land'stol (Ger.)
Langeac, lofi-zhak' (Fr.)
Langeais, loi-zha' (Fr.)
Langeland, lang'e-lan (Den.) isl.
Langenaes, lang'e-niiz (Nor.)
Langenau, lang'e-nou (Ger.)
Langenbielau, laug-en-belou (Prus.)
Langenbriicken. lang-en-brtik'en (Ger.)
Langensalza, lang-en-zal'tsa (Prua.)
Langenschwalbach, lang-eu-shval'badh
(Ger.)
Langenthal, lang'en-tiil (Swltz.)
Langholm, lang'om (Scot.)
Langoen, lang'eu-en (Nor.) isl.
Langogne, lofi-gon'ye (Fr.)
Langres, loftgr (Fr.)
Languedoc, lot-ge-dok' (Fr.)
Lanjaron, iSn-dha-ron' (Sp.)
Lanniles, lan-nel' (Fr.)
Launion, lan-ng-oh' (Fr.)
Lannoy, laii-nw^' (Fr.)
Lansingburg, lans'ing-b6i^ (U. S.)
Lanslebourg, loi'i-le-bbr' (Fr.)
Lantadilla, lan-ta-TH6l'lya (Sp.)
Lantwit-Major, lan't wit-nia-jor (Wales)
Lanusei, la-no-sa'e (Sardin.)
Lanzarote, lan-sa-ro'ta (Can. Isls.) isl.
Laon, la-61i'(Fr.)
Laos, la'os (East. Pen.)
La Plata, la pla'ta (S. Am.) r.
Laramie, lar'a-mg (U. S.)
Laranjeiras, la-rsLn-zha'g-ras (Braz.)
Largentifere, lar-zhoft-te-ar' (Fr.)
Larino, la-rs'no (It.)
Larissa, lil-res'sa (Gr.)
Laristan, la r5s-tan' (Per.)
Larkhana, lar-kha'na (Ind.)
Lame, lam (Ir.)
Lamica or Lamaca, lar'ni-kK, l&r'na-k&
(Tut.)
Laroles, la-rS'les (Sp.)
Larraga, lar-ra'ga (Sp.)
Lasalle. la-zal' (Fr.)
Lasoe, la'seu-e (Den.) isl.
Laswaree, las-wa'r6 (Ind.)
Latakia, la-ta-k6'a(Tur.)
Laterina, la-ta-r6'na (It.)
Latorcza. la-tort'so (Hung.) r.
Lattai, lat-tl' (Fiji Isls.) isl.
Lattakoo, lat-ta-ko' (S. Af.)
Laubach, lou'bach (Ger.)
Lauban, lou'ban (Prus.)
Lauchstadt, louAh'stat (Oer.)
Lauderdale, lft'd6r-dal (Scot.)
Lauenburg, lou'en-b5rg (Ger.)
Lauffen, louf'fcn (Switz.)
Laughame, Ift-gar'ne (Wales)
" la/d
Laujar-de-Andarax, lou-charde-an-dll-
I'ton (Eng. ; Tasm.)
raCh (Sp.)
kns't
Launceston,
Laupersweil, lou'perz-vil (Switz.)
Lauraguais, lo-ra-ga' (Fr.)
Laurencekirk, la'rens-k6rk (Scot.)
Lauricocha, lou-re-ko'cha (Peru)
Lausanne, lo-zan' (Switz.)
Lausitz, lou-zets' (Fr.)
Laut, lout (East. Arch.)
Lauterbrunnen,lou'ter-brun-en (Switz.
Lauven, lou'ven (Nor.) r.
Lauwer Zee, lou'v6r za (Neth.)
Lavagna, la-va'nya (It.)
Lavaur, la-vor' (Fr.)
Lavoro, la-vo'ro (It.)
Lavos, la'vos (Port.)
Laxa, la'6ha (Chile) r.
Laybach, li'baeh (Aust.)
Lazzaro, San, san lad'za-ro (It.) r.
Leadhills, led'hilz (Scot.)
Leamington, lem'ing-ton (Eng.)
Leao-tong, le-a-6-tong', almost lyou-
tong' (China)
Lean, 16 (Bel.)
Lebanon, leb'a-non (Pal.) mt.
Lebida, leb'i-da (N. Af.)
Lebrija, la-bre'6ha (Sp.)
Lecce, lat'cha (It.)
Leccio, lat'cho (It.)
Lechhausen, lefihTiouz-cn (Ger.)
Lectoure, lak-tor' (Fr.)
Leczna, lech'na (Rus. PoL
Ledafia, le-da'nya (Sp.)
Leende, lan'de (Neth.)
Leersum, lar'sum (Neth.)
Leeu warden, la'u-var-den .^lath.)
Leeuwen, la'u-ven (Bel.)
Leeuwin's Land, la'u-winz or lyn'ini:
land (Austral.)
Leganes, le-ga'nes (Sp.)
Legnago, la-nya'go (It.)
Legnano, la-nya'no (It.)
Lehe, la'e (G^r.)
Lehigh, leTii (U. S.)
Lehota, la-ho'to (Hung.)
Leibnitz, lib'nets (Aust.)
Leicester, les't6r (Eng.)
Leiden, li'den (Neth.)
Leigh, 16 (Eng.)
Leigh ton, is'ton (U. S.)
Leighton- Buzzard, la 'ton buz'zUrd
(Eng.)
Leiningen, lin'ing-en (Ger.)
Leinster, len'st6r (Ir.) mt.
Leipzig, lip'tsCg or lip'tsedh (Ger.)
Leiria, la-g-rS'a (Port.)
Leith, isth (Scot.)
Leitmeritz, lit'me-rSts (Bohem.)
Leitomischel, li-tS-mS'shel (Bohem.)
Leitrim, I6'trim (Ir.) co.
Leixlip, laslip (Ir.)
Lekkerkerk, lekTcer-kerk (Neth.)
zh, azure.
French, vile, bOt; bl^, netif;
(*7)
b, on. German, th, nacAt.
Lem
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Lim
Leman or Lemanus, lem'aii, l6-ma'nus
(Switz.)i.
Lena, le'na; Rus. pron. lya'na (Sib.)
Lenawee, leu'a-we (U. S.)
Lendinara, lau-de-na'rii (It.)
Lengenfeld, leng'en-felt (Ger.)
Lengnau, leng'nou (Switz.)
Lennox, len'noks (Scot.)
Lennoxtown, len'noks-toun (Scot.)
Lenoir, le-nor' (U. S.)
Lentini, lan-t€'n6 (It.)
Lenzen, len'tsen (Prus.)
Leobadda, le-o-bad'da (W. Af.)
Leobschiitz, la'ob-shflts (Prus.)
Leogane, la-6-gan' (W. Ind.)
Leominster, lem'st6r(Eng.); Iem'ins-t6r
(U. S.)
Leon, le-6n' (Sp.;Mex.)
Leonard's, St., sant, colloquially sint
len'ardz (Eng.)
Leonessa, la-6-nas'sa (It.)
Leonforte, la-on-for'ta (It.)
Leonil, la-o-uel' (Braz.)
Leopoldshaf en, la ' 6 - poldz - ha - ten
(Ger.)
Leopoldstadt, la'6-pold-stat (Aust.)
Leova, la-o'va(Tur.)
Lepanto, la-pan't6 (Gr.)
Lepseny, lep-shany' (Hung.)
Le Puy, le pwe (Fr.)
Lequeitio, la-ke'8-te-6 (Sp.)
Lerchenfeld, lei-'6hen-felt (Aust.)
Lerici, ler'i-che (It.)
Lerida, ler'i-da (Sp.)
Lerwick, ler'wik or 16r'ik (Scot.)
Les Andelys, laz of)d-le' (Fr.)
Lescar, la-kar' (Fr.)
Lesghis, les-ghez' (Cauc.)
Lesiguano, la-s6-nya'no (It.)
Lesina, las'fi-na (Dalmat.)
Lesmahagow, les-nia-ha'go (Scot.)
Lesneven, las-nS-vaft' (Fr.)
Le Sueur, le su'er (U. S.)
Letitchev, la-te-chef (Rus.)
Letterkenny, let-t6r-ken'ni (Ir.)
Lettowitz, lat'to-vets (Aust.)
Letur, le-tor' (Sp.)
Letyczew, la-te-chef (Rus.)
Leuca, Capo di, ka'po de la-o'ka (It.)
Leucadia, lyu-ka'di-a (Ion. Isls.)
Leuchars, lyo6h'arz (Scot.)
Leuchtenberg, loi6h'ten-I)erg (Ger.)
Leuk, loik (Switz.)
Leukerbad, loi'ker-bad (Switz.)
Leutomischel, loi-to-me'shel (Bohem.)
Leutschau, loit'shou (Hung.)
Leuze, leti'za (Bel.^
Levanger, la-vang'ger (Nor.)
Levant, le-vanf
Levante, la-van'ta (It.)
Levantina, la-van-te'na (Switz.)
Levanzo, la-van'ts6 (It. ) isl.
Leven, le'ven (Eng.; Scot.)
Levizzano, la-vet-tsa'no (It.)
Levkosia, lef-ko-ze'a (Cyprus)
Levroux, la-vro'(Fr.)
Levuka, le-vb'ka (Fiji Isls.)
Lewes, lyu'es (Eng.)
Lewis, lyu'is (Scot.) inl.
Lewisham, lu'ish-am (En^.) •
Lexington, leks'ing-ton (U. S.)
Leyden, li'den (Neth.)
Leyderdorp, li'der-dorp (Neth.)
Leyland, la'land (Eng.)
Leymuiden, li-moi'den (Neth.)
Leyte, la'e-ta (Philip.) isl.
Lezuza, la-thb'tha(Sp.)
Libadia, liv-a-THe'a (Gr.)
Libanus, lib'a-nus (Tur.) mt.
Liberia, li-be'ri-a (W. Af.)
Libertad, le-ber-taTH' (Peru)
Liboume, le-bom' (Fr.)
Libyan (Desert), lib'i-an (Af.)
Lichfield, lich'feld (Eng.)
Lichtenau, leCh'te-nou (Ger.)
Lichtensteig, le6h't«n-stig (Switz.)
Licordia, le-koi-'de-a (It.)
Licosa, le-ko'sa (It.)
Liddesdale, lid'dez-dal (Sot.)
Lidkbping, led-tyeup'ing (Swe.)
Lieberose, le-be-ro'za (Prus.)
Liechtenstein, leCh'ten-stin (Ger.)
Lifege, le-azh' (Bel.)
Liegnitz, leg'nets or ledh'neta (Ger.)
Lierre or Lier, le-ar' (Bel.)
Liestal, les'tal (Switz.)
Lietor, le-e-tor' (Sp.)
Liffey, lif'fl (Ir.)
Lifland, lef'land (Rus.)
Lifu, le'fb (S. Pac. Oc.) isl.
Ligniferes, le-nye-ar' (Fr.)
Ligny, le-nye' (Fr.)
Liim Fjord, lem'fyor (Den.) g.
Likhvin, lefth'vin (Rus.)
Lille, lei (Fr.)
Lillebonne, lel-bon' (Fr.)
Lillers, lel-lya' or le-ya' (Fr.)
Lillo, lel'lyo (Sp.)
Lima, le'ma (Peru); li'ma (U. S.)
Limari, le-ma-re' (Chile) r.
Limassol, le-mas-sol' (Cyprus)
Limbourg, lafi-bbr' (BeL)
Limburg, lem'bbrg (Ger.)
Limerick, lim'e-rik (Ir.) co.
Limmat, Ifirn'mat (Switz.) r.
Limoges, le-mozh' (Fr.)
Limone, le-mo'na (It.)
Limosani, le-mo-sa'ne (It.)
Fate, far, fat, f^U; me, met, h6r, golden; pine, pin; note, not, move;
tub, bull; oil, pound; ch, c/iain; g, go; j, job; y, yes; TH, then; th, fWn;
(48)
T.lTTl
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Lon
Limousin, le-mo-zaft' (Fr.)
Liinoux, le-mo' (I'r.)
Limpopo, Iim-p6'p6 (Af.) r.
Linares, le-na'res (Sp. ; Chile)
Lincoln, ling'kon (Eng.)
Lindenau, len'de-nou (Get.)
Lingayen, len-ga-yen' (Philip.)
Liugen or Linga,leug'gen, Igng'ga (East.
Arch.) isl.
Lingen, leng'en (Ger.)
Linkoping, len-tyetip'ing (Swe. )
Linlithgow, lin-lith'go (Scot.)
Linnhe, Loch, lo6h lin'ni (Scot.)
Lintthal, lent'tal (Switz.)
Linyanti, lin-yan'te (S. Af.)
Linz, l5nts (Ger.)
Lion, le-on' (Fr.)
Lipari, IS'pa-re (It.) isl.
Lipcse, ISp'cha (Hung. )
Lipnicza, lep-nS^tso (Hung.)
Liria, le're-a (Sp.)
Lisbon, liz'bon (Port.)
Lisburn, lis'b6rn (Ir.)
Liscia, le'sha (It.)
Lisieux, le-z6-eii' (Fr.)
Liskeard, lis-kard' (Eng.)
Lisle, lei (Fr.)
Lismore, liz-moi' (Scot.) isL, (Ir.) in.;
Us'mor (U. S.)
Listowel, lis-to'el (Ir.)
Lithada, le-tha'dii (Gr.) c.
Lithang, le-thang' (Tibet)
Lithuania, li-thyu-a'ni-a (Rus.)
Littlehampton, lit - el - hamp ' ton
(Eng.)
Littorale, let-to-ra'la(Aust.)
Liusne or Ljusne, lybs'na (Swe.)
Livadia, liv-a-THe'a (Gr.)
Livenza, iS-van'tsa (It.) r.
Liverpool. liv'6r-pol (Eng.)
Livonia, l6-v6'ni-a (Rus.)^.
Livomo, l6-v6r'n6 (It.)
Liwuraba, li-wum'ba (Af. ) r.
Lizard (Point), liz'ard (Eng.)
Ljusan, lyo'sSn (Swe.) r.
Llandaff, lan-daf (Wales)
Llandeilo-Faur, lan-di'16-four (Wales)
Llandovery, lan-duv'e-ri (Wales)
Llandudno, lan-did'no (Wales)
Llanelly, la-nel'li (Wales)
Llanerchymedd, la-n6r-6hu'meTH
(Wales)
Llanes, lya-nes' (Sp.)
Llangadock, lan-ga-dok' (Wales)
Llangollen, lan-gol'len; Welsh pron.
tlan-gothlen (Wales)
Llanidloes, la-nid'los (Wales)
Llano Estacado, lya'no es-tii-ka'do
(U.S.)
Llanos, ly&'nos (S. Am.)
Llanos de Chaco, lya'nos de cha'ko
(S. Am.)
Llanquihue, lyan-kg'wa (Chile)
Llanrwst, lan-rbst' (Eng.)
Llantrissent, lan-tris'sent (Wales)
Llerena, lye-re'na (Sp.)
Llerona, lye-ro'na (Sp.)
Llobregat, lyo-bre-gat' (Sp.)
Llummayor, Ivum-nia-yor' (Sp.)
Loando, 16-au'do (W. Af.)
Loango, 16-ang'go (Af.)
Loano, lo-a'no (It.)
Lbbau, leti'bou (Ger.)
Lbbejan, leu'be-yan (Prus.)
Lob-Nor, lob-nor' (Cent. As.) I.
Lobositz, 16'bo-sets (Bohem.)
Lochaber, loCh-a'ber (Scot.)
Lochem, lo'fihem (Neth.)
Loches, losh (Fr.)
Lochgilphead, lodh-gilpTied (Scot.)
Lochgoilhead, lofih-goil'hed (Scot.)
Lochinvar, lo6h-in-var' (Scot.)
Lochmaben, lo6h-ma'ben (Scot.)
Lochwinnoch, loCh-win'nodh; popu-
larly, lo6h'en-yu6h (Scot.)
Lockerby, lok'er-bi (Scot.)
Locle, loTil (Switz.)
Lod, letid (Hung.)
Loddon, lod'don (Eng.)
Lodomir, lo-do-mfir' (Aust.)
Loehoe, Ib'ho (Celebes)
Loenen, Ib'nen (Neth.)
Lofodden, lo-fod'den (Nor.) isls.
Logazohy, 16-ga-z6'hi (W. Af.)
Logrofto, 16-gr6'ny6 (Sp.)
Logrosan, 16-gro-san' (Sp.)
Loheia, 16-ha'ya (Ar.)
Loir, 1 war (Fr.)r.
Loire, Iw^r (Fr.) r.
Loiret, lwa-ra'(Fr.)
Loir-et-Cher, Iwg.r-a-shar' (Fr.) dep.
Loitz, lo-Sts' (Prus.)
Loja or Loxa, lo'dha (Sp.)
Lojano, 16-ya'n6 (It.)
Lokeren, lo'k6-ren (Bel.)
LoUara, 161-ia'ra(Ind.)
Lombardy, lom'bar-di (It.)
Lomblem, lom-blem' (East. Arch.) isl.
Lombok, lom-bok' (East. Arch.) isl.
Lomellina, 16-mal-l6'nii (It.)
Lomond, 16'mond (Scot.)
Lomza, lom'zha (Ilus.)
Lonato, 16-nii't6 (It.)
London, lun'duu (Eng.)
Londonderry, lun'dun-de-ri (Ir.)
Longarone, Ion-ga-r6'na(It.)
Longford, long'ford (Ir.) co.
Longjumeau, lofi-zhO-mo' (Fr.)
Long'ton, long'ton (Eng.)
Longwy, 16h-v6' (Fr.)
ih, azure. French, v(te, bftt;
bleu, neUf;
(49)
fi, o«.
German, ch, utLcht.
D
Lon
PRONOUNCING VOCABTTLART.
hyt
Lonigo, lo-ne'go (It.) '
Lonneker, lon'ne-ker (Neth.)
Ions le Saulnier, lofi 16 so-ne-a' (Fr.)
Loochristy, 16-6hres'te (Bel.)
Loodiana, Ib-de-a'na (Ind.)
Lootenhalle, lo-ten-hal'le (Bel.)
Lopez, lo'pez (W. Af.) c.
Lorenzo Marquez, 16-ren'z6 mftr-kez'
(S. Af .)
Loreto orLoretto, 16-ra'to, lo-rat't6(It.)
Lorient, lo-re-oi'i' (Fr.)
Los Angeles, los an'je-Ies (U. S.)
Lossini, los-s6'ne (It.) isl.
Lossnitz, leus'nSts (Ger.)
Lostwlthiel, lost-with'el (Eng.)
Lot, \6 or lot (Fr.)
Lot-et-Garonne, lot-a-ga-ron' (Fr.)
Lothian, lo'THi-an (Scot.)
Loudoun, lou'dun (Scot. ; U. S.)
Loudun, lO-duii' (Fr.)
Louga, 16'ga (Rus. )
Lougan, lou'gan (Nor.) r.
Loughans, lo-gori' (Fr.)
Loughborough, lufbu-ru (Eng.)
Lough Neagh, lo6h na; locally, na'a6h
(Ir.)
Loughrea, lo6h-ra' (Ir.)
Louis, St. , sant, colloquially sint lo'is
(U. S.)
Louisburg, lo'is-bSrg (Cape Breton)
Louisiade, 16-e-zS-ad' (S. Pac. Oc.) isls.
Louisiana, Ib-ez-i-a'na (U. S.)
Louisville, 16'is-vil (U. S.)
Lourdes, lord (Fr.)
LoureuQO, Sao, soufi 16-ren'so (Port.)
Louristan, lo-res-tftn' (Per.)
Louth, louth (Ir.) eo.
Lou vain, lo-vaft' (Bel.)
Louven, lou'ven (Nor.) r.
Louviers, Ib-vS-a' (Fr.)
Lovatz, 16-vats' (Bulg.)
Lovere, lo-va'ra (It.)
Lovisa, 16-ve'za (Rus.)
Lowell, lo'el (U. S.)
Lbwenberg, leti'ven-berg (Prus.)
Lowes or Lows (Loch of the), louz
(Scot.)
Lowestoft, lo'stoft or lo'e-stoft (Eng.)
Lowicz, lo'vich (Rus.)
Lowndes, loundz (U. S.)
Loxa or Loja, lo'Cha (Sp.; Ecuad.)
Loyola, lo-yo'la (Sp.)
Lozfere, lo-zai*' (Fr.)
Lualaba, lu-a-la'ba (Af.) r.
Luapula, lu-a-po'la (Af.) r.
Liibeck, M'bek (Ger.)
Lubina, lo-be'no (Hung.)
Lublin, lub'lin (Rus.)
Lubnaig, Loch, lo6h lub'nag (Scot.)
Lucayos, lu-ki'6s (W. Ind.) isls.
Lucea, lu-se'a (Jam.)
Lucena, lo-the'na (Sp.)
Lucera, lo-cha'ra (It.)
Lucerne, lu-s6rn'; Fr. pron. Ift-aem';
Germ. Lucern or Luzern, Ib'tseru
(Switz.)
Luchow, lb'6ho (Ger.)
Luckipoor, luk-e-poi-' (Ind.)
Lucknow, luk'nou (Ind.)
Ludamar, Ib'da-mar (Cent. Af.)
Ludlow, lud'lo (Eng.)
Ludwigshafen, Ibd'vegs-haf-en (Ger.)
Lugano, Id-ga'no (It.)
Lugar, lo'gar (Scot.)
Luguaquilla, lug-na-fcwil'a (Ir.)
Luis, San, san lo-es' (Arg. Re?.
Lukar, Ib-kar' (Rus.) isl.
Lukuga, lu-ko'ga (Af.) r.
Lulea, lo'la-6 (Swe.)
Lumbreras, Ibm-bre'ras (Sp.)
Lumphanan, lum-fan'an (Scot.)
Lund, lond (Swe.)
Liineburg, Ift'ne-borg (Ger.)
Lun^ville, Ifl-na-vel' (Fr.)
Luugern, lung'ern (Switz.)
Lupata, lu-pa'ta (Af.) mts.
Lurgan, lur'gan (Ir.)
Luristan, lo-res-tan' (Per.)
Lusignan, lu-ze-nyoft\Tr.)
Lusigny, lii-ze-nye' (Fr.)
Luss, lus (Scot.)
Lussurgiu (San), Ibs-sor-jb' (It.)
Liitjenburg, Iflt'yen-borg (Den.)
Lutomirsk, lo-tb-mersk' (Rus.)
Luton, lu'ton (Eng.)
Liitzen, Iflt'sen (Ger.)
Luvino, lo-ve'no (It.)
Luxembourg, lak-soft-bor' (Bel.)
Luxeuii, Itlk-seti-erye or Itik-setl-e'y .
(Fr.)
Luzern, lo'tsern (Switz.)
Luzerne, lu-z6m' (U. S.)
Luzia, Santa, san'ta Ib-se'a (Braz.)
Luzon, lb-z6n'; Span. pron. Ib-thor'
(Philip.) isl.
Lybster, llb'st6r (Scot.)
Lycoming, li-kom'ing (U. S.)
Lykabettos, le-ka-bet'tos (Gr.)
Lyme-Regis, lim-re'jis (Eng.)
Lymington, lim'ing-ton (Eng.)
Lynchburg, linch'b6rg (U. S.)
Lyngaas, Itin'gos (Den.)
Lyngby, Iting'btl (Den.)
Lynn-Regis, lin-re'jis (Eng.)
Lyon, le-6h' (Fr.)
Lyonnais, le-6n-na' (Fr.)
Lys, les (Fr.) r.
Lyttelton, lit'tel-ton (N. Zd.)
Fate, far, fat, fall; me, met, h6r, golden; pine, pin; note, not, move;
tub, bull; oil, pound; ch, cAain; g, go; jjoh; y, yes; th, ^/len; th. fMn.
(60)
Maa
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Man
M.
Maartensdijk, mar'tenz-dik (Neth.)
Maas, mas (Neth.) r.
Maassluis, mas'slois (Neth.)
Maastricht, nias'tre6ht (Neth.)
Macao, raa-kou' (China)
Macapa, ma-ka-pa' (Braz.)
Maccassar, mak-kas'sar (Celebes)
Macclesfield, mak'klz-feld (Eng.)
Macerata, ma-cha-ra'ta (It.)
Machias, ma-chi'as (U. S.)
Machynlleth, ma-6hun'tleth (Wales)
Mackinaw or Mackinac, mak'i-na (U.S.)
Macomb, ma-kom' (U. 8.)
Macotera, ma-ko-te'ra (Sp.)
Macquarie, mak-kwo'ri (Austral.)
Macronisi, ma-kro-ne'se (Gr.) isl.
Macroom, ma-krbm' (Ir.)
Macullah, ma-kul'lah (Ar.)
Madagascar, ma-da-gas'kar (Af.) isl.
Madawaska, ma-da- was'ka (U. S.)
Maddallena, mad-dal-la'nii (It.) isl.
Maddehjee, mad-deh-je' (Ind.)
Madeira, ma-de'ra; Port. pron. ma-da'-
e-ra(Af.)i«i.
Madioen, ma'di-on (Java)
Madjicosemah, raad-ji-ko-se'ma (N.
Pac. Oc.) isls.
Madras, ma-dras' (Ind.)
Madrid, ma-drid'; Span. pron. ma-
THreTH' (Sp.); mad'rid (F. S.)
Madridejos, ma-THre-THe'Chos (Sp.)
Madroflera, ma-THro-nye'ra (Sp.)
Madura, ma-db'ra (Ind. ; East. Arch.)
Maelstroem, mal'streum (Nor.)
Maeseyck, maz'ik (Bel.)
Maestricht, mas'tretht (Neth.)
Magadino, ma-ga-de'no (Switz.)
Magadoxo, ma-ga-dok'so ; Port. pron.
ma-ga-do'sho (E. Af . )
Magalhaens, ma-ga-lya'ens (S. Am) str.
Magdala, mag-da'la (Abyss.) ft.
Magdalena, mag-dii-le'na (Col.)
Magdeburg, mag'de-borg (Prus.)
Magellan, ma-gellan (S. Am.) str.
Magenta, ma-jen'ta (It.)
Mageroe, mft'ge-re'u-e (Nor.)
Maggiore, ma-jo'ra (It.) I.
Magherafelt, maCh-er-a-felt' (Ir.)
Magnisi, ma-nye'ze (Sic.)
Mahabalesh wur, ma - ha' bul - esh - wur
(Ind.)
Mahabalipooram, mft-hti-ba-Ie-pu-rilm'
(Ind.;
Mahanuddy, ma-ha"nud'di (Ind.) r.
Mah^, ma-h&' (Ind. ) tn. ; (Seychelles) isl.
Mahmoudieh, m&-mo-de'e (Eg.)
Mahon, ma-on' (Minorca)
Mahora, ma-o'ra (Sp.)
Mahrah, mah'rah (Arab.)
Mahren, ma'ren (Aust.)
Maimene, mi'me-na (Afg.)
Mam, min (Ger.) r.
Maintenon, madi-U-nbti' (Fr.)
Mainz, mints (Ger.)
Majorca, ma-jor'ka; Span. Mallorca,
mal-yor'ka (Mediterr.) isl.
Majunga, mSi-jun'ga (Mada«as.)
Makadishu, ma-ka-de'sho (E. Af.)
Makian, ma-ke-an' (East. Arch.) isl.
Makoqueta, ma-kok'e-ta (XT. S.)
Malabar, ma-la-bar' (Ind.)
Malacca, ma-lak'ka (Ind.)
Maladetta, ma-la-det'ta (Pyrenees) mt.
Malaga, ma'la-ga (Sp.)
Malahide, ma-la-hid' (Ir.)
Malar, ma'lar; Swedish, Malaren, ma'-
lar-en (Swe.) I.
Malay, ma-la' (East. 'Pen.) pen.
Maiden, mal'den (U. S.) tns.; (Pac. Oc.)
isl.
Maldive, mal-div' (Ind.) isl.
Maldonado, mal-do-na'do (Urug.)
Malesherbes, mal-zerb' (Fr.)
Malmaison, mal-ma-z6ft' (Fr.)
Malmedy, mal'me-de (Prus.)
Malmesbury, mamz'be-ri (Eng.)
Malmo, mal'meu (Swe.)
Malmohus, mal'meu-hos (Swe.)
Malpartida, mal-piir-te'THa (Sp.)
Malplaquet, mal-pla-ka'(Fr.)
Malta, mal'ta (Medit. Sea) isl.
Malton, nial'ton (Eng.)
Maluti, ma-16'te (S. Af.) mts.
Malvaglia, mal-va'lyil (Switz.)
Malvern, mal'vSni (Eng.)
Malwa, mai'wa (Ind.)
Mamore, ma-m6-ra'(S. Am.) r.
Mamuni, ma-mb'n6 (Braz.)
Manaar, ma-niii-' (Ceylon)
Manacor, ma-na-kor'(Sp.)
Managua, ma-uJi'gwa (Cent. Am.)
^Manakau, ma-na-ka'u (N. Zd.)
ilanasarowar, ma-na-sa-ro-war' (Tibet)
b.
Manawatu, ma-na-wa-to' (N. Ztl.) r.
Mancha Real, man'cha re-ar(Sp.)
Manche, La, la mofish (Fr.) dep.
Manchester, man'ches-t6r (Eng.)
Manchooria, man-chb'ri-a (China)
Mandalay, man'da-la (Bur.)
Mandara, nian-da'ra (Af.)
Mandavee, man-da-ve'(Ind.)
Mandingo, man-ding'go (Af.)
Manfredonia, man-fra-do'nS-a (It.)
Mangaia, man-ga'ya (8. Pac. Oc.) id.
Mangalore, man-gU-ldr'(Ind.)
zh, airure.
French, vOe, bflt; bl^, neuf;
(61)
fi, on. German, 6h, nzehi.
Man
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Mat
Mangola, man-go'la (East. Arch.) isl.
Manhattan, man-hat'tan (U. S.)
Maniago, ma-ne-a'go (It.)
Manilla, ma-nil'la; Span. Manila, ma-
ne'la (Philip.)
Maniluki, man-i-lo'ks (Pac. Oc.) isl.
Manisa, ma-ne'sa (As. Tur. )
Manitoba, man'i-to-ba" (Can.)
Manitoulin, ma-ni-to'lin or man-i-to-
len' (Can.) Ma.
Manitowoc, man'i-to-wok" (U. S.)
Mannheim, man'him (Ger.)
Manoe, ma'mju-e (Den.) isl.
Manosque, ma-n6sk'(Fr.)
Manresa, man-re'sa (Sp.)
Mans, Le, 16 moh (Fr.)
Mansura, man-so'ra (Eg.)
Mantinia, man-ti-ne'a (Gr.)
Mantiqueir a, man-tg-ka'g-ra(Braz. ) m ts.
Mantua, man'tyu-a; Ital. Mantova,
man' to- va (It.)
Manyuema, man-yu-a'ma (Af.)
Manzanares, man-tha-na'res (Sp.)
Manzanillo, man-tha-ngl'lyo; in Mexico
pronounced man-8a-neriyo(Sp. and
Mex.)
Maouna, ma-o'na (S. Pac. Oc.)
Mapimi, ma-pe'me (Mex.)
Mapoota, ma-po'ta (E. Af.) r.
Maquoketa, ma-kok'e-ta (U. S.)
Maracaibo, ma-ra-ka'e-bo (S. Am.)
Maragogipe, ma-ra-go-zhe'pa (Braz.)
Marajo, ma-ra-zh6'(Braz.) isl.
Maranham, ma-ran-yam'; Portug. Mar
anhao, ma-ra-nyouft (Braz.)
Marathonisi, ma-ra-thon-6'se (Gr.)
Maravaca, ma-ra-va'ka (Venez.) mt.
Marazion, ma-ra'zi-on (Eng.)
March, mar6h (Aust.) r.
Marchena, mar-che'na (Sp.)
Marciano, mar-cha'no (It.) mt.
Marcigny, mar-se-nyS' (Fr. )
Marckolsheim, mar'kolz-him (Ger.)
Marcolez, mar-ko-la' (Fr.)
Marecchia, ma-rek'k6-a CLt.)
Maree, Loch, loCh ma-re (Scot.)
Maremma, ma-ram'ma (It.)
Marengo, ma-ran'go (It.)
Mareotis, ma-re-o'tis (Eg.) I.
Margarita, mar-ga-re'ta (S. Am.) isl.
Margate, mar'gat or mar'get (Eng.)
Margharita, mar-ga-re'ta (Gr.)
Maria, Sta, san'ta ma-re'a (Sp.)
Mariager, ma-re-a'ger (Den.)
Marianna, ma-re-an'na (Braz.)
Marianne, ma-re-an'(A8.) isls.
Maria-Theresienstadt,ma-re'a-ta-ra'ze-
en-stat (Hung.)
Maribo, ma're-bo (Den.)
Marie Galante, ma-re' ga-loht' (W. Ind. )
isl.
Marienbad, ma-re'en-bad (Aust.)
Marienburg, ma-re'en-bbrg (Ger.)
Marienwerder, ma-re'en-verd-er (Prus. )
Mariestad, ma-re'a-stad (Swe.)
Marietta, ma-re-et'ta (U. S.)
Marigliano, ma-rel-ya'no (It.)
Marinha, ma-re'nya (Port.)
Marino, ma-re'no (It. ; Venez.)
Mariposa, mar-i-p6'sa (U. S.)
Mariquita, ma-re-ke'ta (Col.)
Maritimo, ma-re' te-mo (It.)
Maritza, ma-ret'sa (Tur.) r.
Marlborough, marl'bu-ru or niiiinbu-ru
(Eng.); marl'bu-ru (U. S.)
Marlow, mar'lo (Eng.)
Marmirolo, mar-me-ro'lo (It.)
Marmora, mar'mo-ra (Tur.) sea
Mannoutier, mar-mo-te-a' (Fr.)
Maroni, ma-ro-ne' (Guiana) r.
Maros, ma'rosh (Hung.) r.
Marostica, ma-ros'te-ka (It.)
Marowyne, mar-6-win' (Guiana) r.
Marquesas, mar-ka'sas (S. Pac. Oc.) isU.
Marsala, mar-sa'ia (Sic.)
Marseilles, mar-salz'; French, Marseille,
mar-sal'ye or mar-sa'ye (Fr.)
Martaban, mar-ta-ban'(Bur.)
Martigny, mar-te-nye' (Switz.)
Martigurs, Les, la mar-teg'(Fr.)
Martinique, mar-te-nek' (W. Ind.)
Marum, ma'rum (Neth.)
Marwar, mar- war' (Ind.)
Maryborough, ma'ri-bu-ru (Ir.)
Maiyculter, ma-ri-ku'ter (Scot.)
Marylebone, ma'ri-le-bon ; popularly
mar'i-bun (Eng.)
Mas-a-fuera, ma-sa-fu-e'ra (S. ,4 m.) isl.
Mascali, mas-ka'le (It.)
Mascara, mas'ka-ra (Alg.)
Mascarenhas, mas-kar-au'yas
Mascat, mus-kat' (Ar.)
Mashonaland, ma-sho'na-land (S. Af.)
Masone, ma-s6'na (It.)
Massachusetts, mas-sa-chb'sets (IT. S.)
Massaciuccoli, mas-sa-chb'ko-le (It.)
Massera, mas'se-ra (Arab. ) isl.
Massillon, mas'sil-lon (U. S.)
Massowa, mas-sou'a (Abyss. )
Mastenbroek, mas'ten-brok (Neth.)
Masulipatam, ma-so-le-pa-tam' (Ind.)
Matamoros, ma-ta-mo'ros (Mex.)
Matanzas, ma-tan'sas or ma-tan'thas
(Cuba)
Matapan, ma-ta-pan'(Gr.J
Matarieh, ma-ta-re'e (Eg.)
Mataro, ma-ta'ro (Sp.)
Mateo, San, san ma-ta'6 (It.)
Fate, far, fat, fall; me, met, h6r, golden; pine, pin; nSte, not, move;
tub, bull; oil, pound; ch, ci'iain; s, go; j, ^'ob; y, j/es; th, </ien; th, fAin;
(52)
Mat
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Mer
Matera, ma-ta'ra (It.)
Matsmai, mats'mi (Jap.)
Mattawa, mat'a-wa (Can.) r.
Maturin, nia-to'ren (Venez.)
Maubeuge, m6-beuzh'(Fr.)
Maubourguet, mo-bor-ga' (Fr.)
Mauduit, mo-dwe' (Pyrenees) mt.
Maui, mou'e (Sand. Isl.) isl.
Maule. mii'u-le (Chile)
MauUin, ma-uMyen' (Chile)
Maulmain, mourmin (Bur.)
Maumee, ma'me (U. S.)
Mauna Loa, mou'na lo'a (Sand. Isls.)
Maura, Santa, san'ta ma'u-ra (Ion. Isls.)
Mauritius, m^-rish'us (Af . ) isl.
Mavronero, niaf-ro-na'ro (Gr.) r.
Mavro - potamos, maf' ro - pot ' a - mos
(Gr.)
Maxwelltown, maks'wel-toun (Scot.)
Mayenfeld, mi'en-felt (Switz.)
Mayenne, ma-yen' (Fr.)
Mayn or Main, min (Ger.) r.
Maynooth, nia-nbth'(Ir.)
Mayo, ma'6 (Ir.) cty; nii'6 (U. S.) r.
Maypu, ma-e-pb' (Chile) r.
Maysi, ma-e-se' (Cuba) c.
Mazagan, ma-za'gan'(Mar.)
Mazanderan, ma-zan-da-ran' (Per.)
Mazatlan, ma-8at-lan'(Mex.)
Mazzara, mat-tsa'ra (Sic.)
Meaco, me-a'ko (Jap.^
Meanee, nie-a'ne (Ina.)
Meams, niemz (Scot.)
Meath, meth (Ir.)
Mechlin, meCh'len (Bel.)
Mechoacan, ma-cho-a-kan' (Mex.)
Mecklenburg-Schwerin, mek'len-bbrg-
shva'ren (Ger.)
Mecklenburg - Strelitz, meklen-bbrg-
stralets(Ger.)
Medeagh, ma-da'a6h (Alg.)
Medellin, me-THenyen(Sp.; Col.)
Medesano, ma-da-sa'no (It.)
Medgyes, med-yesh'(Tran8yl.)
Medina, ma-de'na (Ar.)
Medina de Rioseco, nie-de'nii de re-6-
8e'k6(Sp.)
Medina Sidonia, me-de'na se-do'ne-a
(Sp.)
Medmet-el-Fayoum, ma-de'net-el-fa-
ybni" (Pig.)
Medynsk, ma-d^nsk' (Rus.)
Meerle, marHe (Bel.)
Meerut, me'rut (Ind.)
Meganisi, me-ga-ne'se (Ion. Isls.)
Megara, meg'a-rtl (Gr.)
Megyer, me-dyer'^Hung.)
Megyes, me-dve8h'(Hung.)
Mehadia, ma-ha'de-o (Hung.)
Mehedia, ma-ha-de'a (Mar.)
Meia-ponte, nia-ya-pon'ta (Braz.)
Meidan, ma'e-dau (Ar.)
Meigle, me'gel (Scot.)
Meilhan, ma-lofi' (Fr.)
Meinam, ma-naui' (East. Pen.)y.
Meiningen, min'ing-en (Ger.)
Meiringen, mi'ring-en (Switz.)
Mejerdah, me-jer'da (Tunis) r.
Mekiuez, ma'ki-nez (Mar. )
Mekong, ma-kong' (East. Pen.) r.
Mekran, mak-ran' (Beluch.)
Melada, nia-la'da (Adr. Sea) isl.
Melakuri, ma-la-kb'ri (W. Af.)
^Melbourne, mel'bem (Austral.)
Meleda, ma'la-da (Dalniat.) isl.
Melegnano, ma-la-nya'no (It.)
Melencze, nia-len'tsa(Hung.)
MelgaQO, mel-ga'so (Port.)
Melikut, ma'le-kut (Hung.)
Melila. ma-le'la (Mar.)
Melinda, ma-len'da (E. Af.)
Mellingen, mel'ling-en (Switz.)
Melloncharles. mellon-char-elz (Scot.)
Melrose, mel'roz (Scot.)
Melton - Mowbray, mel - ton - mo ' bra
(Eng.)
Membrio, mem'bre-o (Sp.)
Memmingen, mam'ming-en (Ger.)
Memphremagog, mem - fre - ma ' gog
(U. S.)l.
Menado, ma-na'do (Celebes)
Menai Strait, men'i strat (Wales)
Menam, ma-nam' (East. Pen.) r.
Menan, Great and Little, me -nan'
(U. S.) isls.
Menangkabu, ma-nang'ka-bo (Su-
matra)
Menbrilla, men-brel1ya (Sp.)
3Iendavia, man-da've-a (Sp.)
Menderes, men'de-res (As. Mi.^ r.
Mendocino, men-do-se'no (N. Am.) c.
Mendota, men-do'ta (U. S.)
Mendoza, men-do'sa or men-do'tha
(S. Am.)
Mendrisio, man-dre'8e-6 (Switz.)
Menehoud, Sainte, saftt ma-no' (Fr.)
Menmuir, men-myor' (Scot.)
Mennomonie, Menominee, me-nom'i-
ne(U. S.)
Menona, me-no'na (U. S.) I.
Menouf, me-nbf (Eg.)
Menstrie, men'stri (Scot.)
Mentone, men-to'na (It.)
Mentrida, man-tre'THa (Sp.)
Menzaleh, men-za'le (Eg.) I.
Mequinenza, me-ke-nen'tha (Sp.)
Mequinez, ma'ki-nez (Mar.)
Merapi, ma-ra'pe (East. Arch.) isl.
Merate, ma-ra'ta (It.)
Mercara, mer-ka'r&(Ind.)
zh, azure. French, yde, bttt;
bl«^, neuf ;
(M)
b, on. German, 6h, nac^t.
Mer
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Mix
Mercedario, Cerro de, ser'ro de mer-
se-da're-o (S. Am.) mt.
Mer de Glace, niar de glas (Switz.)
Mergiii, mer-ge' (Bur.)
Merida, mei-'e-THa (Sp. ; Sp. Amer.)
Meriden, mer'i-den (U. S.)
Merioneth, me-re-on'eth (Wales)
Merischwanden, ma - re - shvan ' den
(Switz.)
Mermentau, m6r-men-to' (U. S.)
Meroe, nia'ro-a T Af . )
Merseburg, marze-bbrg (Prus.)
Mersey, m6r'zi (Eng. ) r.
Merthyr-Tydvil, mer-th6r-tid'vil ;
Welsh pron. m6r-th6r-tud'vil
(Wales)
Meruchak, mer'u-chak (Afg.)
Merwede, De, de mer've-de (Neth.)
Merz-el-Kebir, marz-el-ke-ber' (Alg.)
Mesagna, nia-sa'nya (It.)
Meschede, nia'she-de (Prus.)
Meseritz, ma-ze-rets' (Prus.)
Meshid, mesh'id (Per.)
Mesquitella, mes-ki-tel'la (Port.)
Messaria, nies-sa-re'a (Cyprus)
Messina, mas-se'na (It.)
Mestchowsk, mest-chofsk' (Rus.)
Mesurado, ma-so-ra'do (W. Af.) c.
Metapa, me-ta'pa (Cent. Am.)
Metijah, me-te'ja(Alg.)
Metzingen, mets'ing-en (Ger.)
Meudon, meti-don' (Fr.)
Meun-sur- Loire, meuft-stir-lwgr' (Ft.)
Meursault, meur-s6' (Fr.)
Mewar, ma-wai-'(Ind.)
Me we, ma'va (Prus.)
Mexico, meks'i-ko; Span. pron. me'che-
ko (N. Am.)
Meyenfeld, mi'en-felt (Switz.)
Meyringen, mi'ring-en (Switz.)
M^zenc, nia-zofi' (Fr.) mt.
Mezi^res, ma-ze-ar' (Fr.)
Mezo, ma'zeu (Hung.)
Mezzolombardo, med-dzo-lom-bar'do
(Aust.)
Mglin, mglen (Rus.)
Miajadas, me-a-6ha'THas (Sp.)
Miako, me-a'ko (Jap.)
Miami, mi-am'i (U. S.)
Miava, me-ov'o (Hung.)
Michigan, mish'i-gan (U. S.)
Michilimackinac, mish-i-li-mak'i-na
(N. Am.) str.
Michipicoten, mish - 1 - pi-ko'ten (N.
Am.) r.
Michoacan, me-ch6-a-kau'(Mex.)
Middlesbrough, mid'delz-bro (ling.)
Mldwolde, mid-vol'de (Neth.)
Miguel, San, san me-ger(Col.)^.
Miguelturra, me-gel-tor'ra (Sp.)
Mihaly, me-haly' (Hung.)
Mijas, me-fthas' (Sp.)
Mijdrecht, mid're6ht (Neth.)
Mikhailow, me-ehi-lof (Rus.)
Miklos, me-klosh'(Hung.)
Milah, me'la (Alg.)
Milan, mil'an (Anglicized form of Ital.
Milano)
Milano, me-la'no (It.)
Milianah, me-le-ii'na (Alg.)
Militar - Grenze, me - le - tar 'gren - tse
(Aust.)
Milledgeville, mil'lej-vil (U. S.)
Millesimo, mel-la'se-mo (It.)
Milnathort, mil-na-thort' (Scot.)
Milngavie, mil-gi' (Scot.)
Milnthorpe, mil'tliorp (Eng.)
Milorado, me-lo-ra'do (Rus.)
Milwaukee, mil-wa'ke (U. S.)
Minahassa, me-na-has'sa (Celebes)
Minas-Geraes, me-nas-zhe-ra'es (Braz.)
Mincio, mgn'cho (It.) r.
Mindanao, men-da-na'6 (Philip.) isl.
Mindoro, men-do'ro (Philip.) id.
Mineo, me-na'o (Sic.)
Mingrelia, min-gre'le-a (Rus.)
Minho, me'nyo (Port.)
Miniato, San, san me-ne-a'to (It.)
Minnesota, min-ne-s6'ta (U. S.)
Minorca, me-nor'ka (Sp.) isl.
Miblb, me-eu'leu (Rus.) isls.
Mibsen, me-eu'zen (Nor.) isl.
Mious, me-ous' (Rus.) r.
Miquelon, mik'e-lon; Fr. pron. mek-
lofi' (N. Am.) isls.
Miramichi, mir-a-mi-she' (X. Bruns.)
Mirandola, me-ran'do-la (It.)
Mirebalais, mer-ba-la' (Fr. ; Hayti)
Mirebeau, me-re-bo' ^Fr.)
Mirecourt, me-re-kor (Fr.)
Mirim, me-ren' (Braz.) I.
Miropolie, me-ro-po'le-a (Rus.)
Mirzapore, mer-za-poi-' (Ind.)
Miseno, me-sa'no (It.) c.
Misiones, me-se-o'nes (S. Am.)
Miskolcz, mish-kolts' (Hung.)
Misselemieh, mes-sa-la-me'e (Nubia)
Mississippi, mis-sis-sip'pi (U. S.)
Missolonghi, mis-s6-long'ge (Gr.)
Missouri, mis-sb'ri(U. S.)
Mistassinny, mis-tas-sin'ni (Can.) I.
Mitchelstown, mich'elz-toun (Ir.)
Mitla, met'la (Mex.)
Mitrovicz, me'tro-vets (Aust.)
Mittenwalde, met-ten-val'de (Prus.)
Mittweida, met-vi'da(Ger.)
Mitylene, mi-ti-le'n6 (Tur.) isl
Mixtecapan, miks-ta-ka-pan' (
pan' (Mex.)
Fate, far, fat, fall; me, met, h6r, golden; pine, pin; note, not, move;
tub, bull; oil, pound; ch, chain; g. go; j, job; y, ^es; lu, then; th, tim;
Mob
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Mon
Mobile, mo-bsr (U. S.)
Mocha, mok'a; Arab. pron. moCh'a
(Ar.)
Modena, mod'e-na (It.)
Modica, niod'e-ka (Sic.)
Modigliana, mo-de-lya'na (It.)
Moen, meu'en (Den.ji isl.
McBris, me'ris (Eg.) /.
Moero, ino-5'ro; almost mwe'ro (Af.) I.
Mogador, mo-ga-dor' (Af.)
Mogaung, nio-gaug' (Bur.)
Mogente, m6-6hen'te (Sp.)
Moghilev, mo-6he-lef' (Rus.)
Mogi - das - Cruzes, mo-zlie-das-krb'zas
(Braz.)
Mogureli, mo-go-rale (Tur.)
Mohacs, mo-hach' ^Hung.)
Mohammerah, mo-nam'6r-a (Per.)
Mohawk, mo'hak (U. S.)
Mobile V, mo-he-lef (Rus.)
Moidart, moi'dart (Scot.)
Moifetta, mo-e-fat'ta (It.)
Moissac, mwa-sak' (Fr.)
Mojacar, mo-fiha-kar' (Sp.)
Mojada, Sierra, se-er'ra mo-Cha'THa
(Mex.)
Mojaisk, mo-zba'isk (Rus.)
Mojos, mo'ch63'(S. Am.) tr.
Mokhansk, mo-Chausk' (Rus.)
Moldova, mol-do'vo (Hung.)
Molesson, mo-les-son' (Switz.) mt.
Molina, mo-lG'na (Sp.)
Mollendo, raol-yen'do (Peru)
Molokai, mo-lo-ki' (Sand. Isls.)
Molokini, mo-lo-ke'ne (Sand. Isls.)
Molsheim, molzTiim (Ger.)
Moluccas, mo-luk'kaz (As.)
Moluche, mo-lb'che (S. Am.) tr.
Mombas, mom-bas' (E. Af.)
Mompox, m6m'p6ks (Col.)
Monaco, mon'a-ko (It.)
Monadnock, mo-nad'nok (U. S.) mt.
Monaghan, mon'a-6han (Ir.)
Monagh Lea, mo'nafih la (Ir.) mts.
Mona Vallagh, mo'na valladh (Ir.) mt.
Monastereven, mon-a8-t6r-ev'en (Ir.)
Monasterio, mo-nas-ta'rg-o (Sp.)
Monastir, mo-nas-tei-' (Tur.)
Monbelliard, moii-baM6-ar' (Fr.)
Moncalieri, mon-ka-le-a'r6 (It.)
Mon9ao, mon-souh' (Port.)
Mbnch, metinCh (Switz.^ mt.
Monchabo, mon-cha-bo^(Bur.)
Monchique, mon-chelta (Port.) mts.
Moncuq, mofi-kOk' (Fr.)
Mondania, m6n-da'n6-a (Tur.)
Mondego, mon-da'go (Port.)
Mondejar, mSn-de-dhar' (Sp.)
Mondofiedo, m6n-d6-nye'THo (Sp.)
Mondovi, m6n'd6-v6 (It.)
Monghir, mon-ger' (Ind.)
Mongolia, mon-golg-a (As.)
Monifieth, mon-i-feth' (Scot.^
Moniquira, mon-i-ke'ra (Col.)
Monjos, Los, 16s mon-chos' (S. Pac. Oc.)
isls.
Monmouth, mon'muth (Eng.)
Monnickendam, mou ' uik - ken - dam
(Neth.)
Monomoezi, mo-no-mo-a'ze (E. Af.)
Monomotapa, mo-no-mo-ta'pa (E. Af.)
Monongahela, mo-non'ga-he"la (U.S.)r.
Monopoli, mo-nop'o-le (It.)
Monostorszeg, mo-nosh-tor'seg (Hung.)
Monovar, mo-no-var' (Sp.)
Monquhitter, mon-hwit't6r (Scot.)
Alonreal, mon-re-al' (Sp.)
Monreale, m6n-ra-jna(It.)
Monrovia, mon-ro'vS-a (W. Af.)
Monserrat, mon-ser-rat' (Sp.)
Montabaur, mon-ta-bour' (Ger.)
Montaf unerthal, mon - ta - f o ' uer - tal
(Aust.)
Montagnac, mofi-ta-nyak' (Fr.)
Montagnana, mon-ta-nya'ua (It.)
Montaigu, mofi-ta-gu' (Fr.)
Montalban, mon-tal-ban' (Sp.)
Montalcino, mon-tal-che'no (It.)
Montalegre, mon-ta-le'gre (Sp.)
Montalvao, mon-tal-voufi' (Port.)
Montana, mon-ta'na (U. S.)
Montanches, mon-tan-ches' (Sp.)
Montauban, moh-to-bon' (Fr.)
Montbard, mofi-bar' (Fr.)
Montbelliard, mofi-bel-le-ar' (Fr.)
Montblanch, mont-blanch' (Sp.)
Montcalm, mont-kam' (Can. ; U. S.)
Montdidier, mot-de-de-a' (Fr.)
Montechiaro, mon-ta-ke-a'ro (It.)
Monte-Christi, mon-ta-kres'te (Hayti)
Montefiascone, mon-ta-fe-as-kO'na (It.)
Montefrio, mon-ta-fre'6 (Sp.)
Montego Bay, mon-te'go ba (W. Ind.)
Monteith, mon-teth' (Scot.)
Monteleone, mon-ta-la-o'na (It.)
Mout^limart, mofi-ta-le-mar (Fr.)
Montellano, mon-tel-lya'no ^Sp.)
Montemolin, mon-te-mo-len' (Sp.)
Montenegro, mon-ta-na'gro (Eur.)
Montepulciano, mon-ta-pdl-cha'no (It.)
Monterey, mou-te-ra' (U. S.); mon-te-
ra'e (Mex.)
Montevarchi, mon-ta-varTce (It.)
Montevideo, m6n-ta-v6'de-6 (S. Am.)
Montferrat, m6nt-far-rat'(lt.)
Montgomery, mont-gum'e-ri (Wales;
U. 8.)
Mon thai, mofi-tft' (Switz.)
Montiglio, mon-te'lyo (It.)
Moutijo, mon-te'(5h6 (Sp.)
zh, anire. French, vde, bat;
bl^, nelif ;
(»)
h, on. Qenuau, th, nacAt
Mon
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Mus
Montjoie, mon-zhwa' (Prus.)
Montlu^on, mofi-ltl-sofi' (Fr.)
Mont Marault, mon ma-ro' (Fr.)
Montm6dy, mon-ma-de' (Fr.)
Montm^lian, mont-ma-le-ofi' (Ft.)
Montmorency, mon-nio-ron-se' (Fr.);
mont-mo-ren'si (Can.)
Montoro, mon-to'ro (Sp.)
Montpelier, mont-pel'y^r (U. S.)
Montpellier, mofi-pal-le-a' (Fr.)
Montreal, mon-tre-al' (Can.)
Montrejeau, mofi-tr-zho' (Fr.)
Montreuil, mofi-treu-e'ye (Fr.)
Montreux, mofi-treu' (Switz.)
Montrose, mon-troz' (Scot.)
Alontserrat, mont-ae-rat' (W. Ind.) isl.
Monzie, mo-ne' (Scot.)
Monzievaird, mon-i-vard' (Scot.)
Moordrecht, mor'dredht (Neth.)
Moorshedabad, mor-she-da-bad' (Ind.)
Moquegua, mo-ke'gwa (Peru)
Moradabad, mo-ra-da-biid' (Ind.)
Moraleja, m6-ra-le'6ha (Sp.)
Morant, mo-rant' (W. Ind.)
Morat, mo-ra' (Switz.)
Morava, mo-ra'va (Aust. ; Servia) r».
Moravia, mo-ra' vi-a (Aust.)
Moray, mur'i (Scot.)
Morbegno, mor-ba'nyo (It.)
Morbeya, mor-ba'ya (Mar.) r.
Morbihan, mor-be-ofi' (Fr.) dep.
Morea, mo-re'a (Gr.)
Morecambe, morTcam (Eng.)
Morelia, mo-re'le-a (Mex.)
Morellii, mo-rellya (Sp.)
Morelos, mo-rel'os (Mex.)
Morena, Sierra, se-er'ra mo-re'na (Sp.)
Moresby, Port, port morz'bi (N. Guin.)
Moretta, mo-rat'ta (It.)
Morez, mo-ra' (Fr.)
Morgarten, mQT-g&r'ten (Switz.)
Morges, morzh (Switz.)
Morlaix, mor-la' (Fr. )
Morpeth, mor'peth (Eng.)
Mortagne, mor-ta'nye (Fr.)
Mortara, mor-ta'ra (It.)
Mosambique, mo-zam-bek' (E. Af.)
Mosciska, nios-tses'ka (Aust. Gal.)
Moskva or Moskwa, mosk-va' (Rus.) r.
Mosquitia, m5s-ke'te-a (Cent. Am.)
Mossamba, mos-sam'ba (Af.) mts.
Mossamedes, mos-sa-ma'des (S. At)
Mossgiel, mos-gel' (Scot.)
Mossocz, mosh'shots (Hung.)
Mostaganem, m6s-ta-ga-nem'(Alg.)
Mostar, mos-tar' (Herzeg.)
Mosul, mo'sul (As. Tur.)
Motagua, mo-ta'gwa (Cent. Am.)
Motala, mo-ta'la (Swe.)
Moukden, mok-den' (China)
Moulins, mo-lah' (Fr.)
Moulmain, moul-min' (Bur.)
Moultau, mbl-tan' (Ind.)
Moui-ao, mo-u-rouh' (Port.)
Mourzouk, mbr-zbk' (N. Al.)
Moutiers, mo-te-a' (Fr.)
Moville, mo-vil' (Ir.)
Moxos, mo'Chos (8. Am.) tr.
Mozambique, mo-zam-bek' (Af.)
Mpongwe, mpong'wa (W. Af) tr.
Mpwapwa, mpwa'pwa (E. Af.)
Msuata, msu-a'ta (Af.)
Muchamiel, mo-cha-me-el' (Sp.)
Mudgee, mud'je (Austral.)
Muhlberg, miU'berg (Ger.)
Muhlenbach, miU'en-badh (Au?t.)
Miihlhausen, mdl'houz-en (Ger.)
Muiden, moi'den (2<eth.)
Muilrea or Mulrea, mwel-ra', mul-ra
(Ir.) int.
Muirkirk, myorTcerk (Scot.)
Mulahacen, mb-la-a-then' (Sp.)
Mulhacen, mbl-a-then' (Sp. )
Miilhausen, mtll'hou-zen (Ger.)
Mullingar, mul-lin-gar' (Ir.)
Multan, mbl-tan' (Ind.)
Multedo, mol-ta'do (It.)
Miinchen, mftu'6hen (Ger.)
Miinchengratz, m(ln'(ihen-grats (Aust."!
Mundaca, nibn-da'ka (Sp.)
Mimdelsheim, muu'delz-him (Ger.)
Muneepoor, mu-ne-pbr' (Ind.)
Munich (English name of Germar
Miinchen), myb'nik (Ger.)
Miinsingen, mQn'ziug-en (Switz.)
Munkacs, mbu'kach (Hung.)
Miinster, mtln'ster (Ger.)
Munster, mun'ster (Ir.)
MUnsterberg, mQn'ster-berg (Prus.)
Muonio, mb-6'ne-o (Rus. and Swe.) r.
Muotta, mu-ot'ta (Switz.)
Murano, mb-ra'no (It.)
Murat, mQ-ra' (Fr.)
Muravera, mb-ra-va'ra (It.)
Murcia, mur'shi-a; Span. pron. mor'-
the-a(Sp.)
Murfreesborough, m6r-frezT)u-ru(U.S.)
Murghab, mor-gab' (As.) r.
Murrumbidgee, mur'rum-bid'je (Aus-
tral.) r.
Murviedro, mor-ve-e'THro (Sp.)
Muscat, mus-kat' (Ar.)
Mushakh, mu-shak' (E. Af.) isl.
Muskegon, mus-ke'gon (U. S.)
Muskingum, mus-king'gum (U. S.)
Mussendom, mus's«n-dom (Ar.) c.
Mussomelio, mos-so-ma1e-o (It.)
Mustung, mus-tung' (Beluch.)
Fate, far, fat, f^ll; me, met, her, golden; pine, pin; note, not, move;
tub, bull; oil, pound; di, chain; g, go; j, job; y, yes; TH, then; th, thin;
(56)
Mut
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Nep
Muta Nzige, mo'ta nze'ge (Af.) I.
Muttra, mut'tra (Ar.)
Muy, Le, 16 mws' (Fr.)
Muzo, mo'so (Ck)l.)
Mwutan Xzige, mwb'tan nze'ge (Af.) I.
Myconi, mik'6-ne (Gr.) isl.
Mylau, me'lou (Ger.)
Mysore, mi-sor' (Lad.)
N.
Naaldwijk, nald'vik (Neth.)
Naas, nas, locally na'as (Ir.)
Nab, nab (Ger.) r.
Nablous, na-blos'(S}T.)
Nachar, na-6har' (Ind.)
Nachitchevan, na-chet'cha-van (Rus.)
Nachod, na'dhod (Bohem.)
Nacogdoches, na-ko-do'chiz (TJ. S.)
Nagara, na-ga'ra (Tur. ; Borneo)
Nagasaki, na-ga-sa'ke (Jap.)
Nagy Banya, nodzh bon'yo (Hung.)
Nagy ilaros, nodzh mo-rosh' (Hung.)
Nagy V4rad, nodzh va'rod (Hung.)
Nahant, na-bant' (U. S.)
Nahe, na'e (Ger.) r.
Najera, na-6he'ra (Sp.)
Namaqualand, na-maTcwa-land (Af.)
Nameszto, no-mes'to (Hung.)
Namur, na-mljr'(Bel.)
Nanaimo, na-ni'mo (Vane. Isl.)
Nanas, no-nosh' (Hung.)
Nancy, nofi-se' (Fr.)
Nangasaki, n&n-g^-sa'ke (Jap.)
NanKiiig, nan-king' (China)
Nansemond, nan'se-mond (U. S.)
Nantes, noht(Fr.)
Nantua, noh-tO-a' (Fr.)
Nantucket, nan-tuk'et (U. S.)
Nantwich, nant'wich or nan'tich (Eng. )
Napoli (Naples), na'p6-le (It.)
Napoli di Malvasia, na'po-ls d6 mal-va-
■8'ft (Gr.)
Napoli di Romania, na'p6-lS d6 ro-ma-
ne'a(Gr.)
Naranjos, nft-rin-ihos' (Cent. Am.) isls.
Narbadi, nur-bud'a (Ind.) r.
Narcondam, nar-kon-dam' (Ind.) igl.
Narenta, na-ren'ta (Aust.) r.
Narowa, nii-ro'va (Rus.) r.
Narraganset, nar-ra-gan'set (U. 8.)
Narraingunge, niir-ra-in-gunj' (Ind.)
Na»eby, naz'bi (Eng.)
Nashua, na8h'u-a(U. S.)
Nassau, nils'sou (Ger.)
Natal, na-tal' (E. Af.)
Natauchta, na-touch'ta (Tur.) r.
Natchez, nach'iz (U. S.)
Natchitoches, nak'i-tosh (U. S.)
Natunas, na-tb'nas (China) isls.
Naugatuck, ua'ga-tuk (U. S.)
Naumburg, noum'bbrg (Prus.)
Naundoorbar, nan-dbr-bar' (Ind.)
Nauplia, na'ple-a (Gr.)
Nauta, na'uta (Ecuad.)
Nauvoo, na-vb'(U. S.)
Nava-del-Rey, na-va-del-re'e (Sp.)
Navahermosa, na-va-er-mo'sa (Sp.)
Navahoa, na-va-6'a (Mex.)
Naval, na-val' (Sp.)
Navalcamero, na-val-kar-ne'ro (Sp.)
Navalnioral, na-val-mo-ral' (Sp.)
Navalrerski, na-val-rar'ski (Rns.)ft.
Navan, na-van' (Ir.)
Navarino, na-va-re'n6(Gr.)
Navarra, na-var'ra (Pen.)
Navasota, na-va-s6'ta (Mex.) r.
Naxia, naks'e-a (Mex.)
Nazaire, St., safi na-zar'(Fr.)
Neagh, Lough, lo6h na; locally, na'a6h
(Ir.)
Neath, neth (Wales)
Nebraska, ne-bras'ka (U. S.)
Neches, nech'iz (U. S.)
Neckalofa, nek-ka-16'fa (S. Pac.)
Neckar-Gremiind, nek-kar-ge-mOnd'
(Ger.)
Nedenes, na'de-nas (Nor.)
Nederbrakel, na-der-bra'kel (Bel.)
Neemutch, ne-much' (Ind.)
Neftenbach, nef ten-bach (Switz.)
Negapatam, na-ga-pa-tani' (Ind.)
Negombo, ne-gom'bo (Ceylon)
Negri Sembilan, nu'gre sem'bi-lan (Mai.
Pen.)
Negro, Rio, re'6 na'gro (S. Am.) r.
Nehavend, na-ha'vend (Pers.)
Neheini, na'him (Prus.)
Nehrung, na'rbng (Prus.)
Neidenburg, ni'd«n-bbT^ (Prus.)
Neilgherries, nel-ge'riz (Ind.)
Neilston, nel'sten (Scot.)
Neirai, nl'ra-e (S. Pac.) isl.
Neirone, na-e-ro'na (It.)
Neisse, nis'se (Prus.)
Nejd, nejd (Ar.)
Nejin, ne-zhen' rRus.)
Nemaha, ne'ma-na (U. S.)
Nemethi, na-ma'te (Aust.)
Nemours, na-raor'(Fr.)
Nenagh, ne'na; locally, ne'nath (Ir.)
Nene, nen (Eng.) r.
Neots, St., sant, colloquially sint ne'ots
(Eng.)
Nepaul, ne-pal' (Ind.)
Nepean, ne-pe'an (S. Pac.) isl.
Nephin, nef'in (Ir.) mt.
Nepissing, nep'is-ing (Can.)
zh, amre. French, yte, bQt;
bl^, neuf ;
fc, on. German, th, nacht.
Nep
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Nod
Nepomuck, na'po-mok (Bohem.)
Nescopeck, nes'ko-pek (U. S.)
Neshaminy, ne-sham'i-ni (U. S.)
Nestved, nast'vaTH (Den.)
Nesvij, nas'vezh (Rus.)
Nether Stowey, nelH'er sto'i (Eng.)
Netolitz, na'to-lets (Bohem.)
Nettstal, nets'tal (Switz.)
Nettuno, nat-Wno (It.)
Neuberg, noi'berg (Ger.)
Neiichatel, neu-sha-tel' (Switz.)
Neudamm, noi'dam (Prus.)
Neudorf , noi'dorf (Ger.)
Neuenburg, noi'en-borg (Ger. ; Switz.)
Neufchateau, neu-sha-to' (Fr. ; Bel.)
Neufch&tel, neu-sha-tel' (Switz.)
Neugedein, noi'ge-din (Bohem.)
Neuhausel, noi'hauz-el (Hung.)
Neuilly-sur-Seine, neti-e-lye'sOr-san" or
neu-e-ye'sflr-san" (Fr.)
Neukirch, noi'kerCh (Switz.)
Neupaka, noi-pa'ka (Bohem.)
Neusalz, noi'zalts (Prus.)
Neuse, nyus (U. S.)
Neu-Shehr, na'o-shar (As. Mi.)
Neusiedl, noi-zedl' (Aust.)
Neusiedler See, noi-zed'ler za(Hung.)i.
Neustadt, noi'stat (Ger. ; Prus. ; Aust.)
Neu-Strelitz, noi'stra-lets (Ger.)
Neutitschein, noi-tet'shin (Aust.)
Neuwedel, noi'va-del (Prus.)
Neuwied, noi'ved (Prus.)
Neva, nya'va (Rus.) r.
Nevada, Sierra, se-ei-'ra ne-va'THa (Sp.)
Nevada y Motilones, ne-va'THa e mot-
i-16'nes(Col.)
Neville, ne-vel'lye (Mex.)
Nevis, ne'vis (W. Ind.) isl.
Newark, nyo'ark (Eng.; U. S.)
Newbigging, nyo'big-ing (Scot.)
Newbridge, nyo'brij (Wales)
New Brunswick, nyo-brunz'wik (Can.)
Newburgh, nyo'bu-ru (Scot.)
Newbury, nyo'be-ri (Eng.)
Newcastle, nyo'kas-el (Eng.)
Newent, nyo'ent (Eng.)
Newfoundland, nyu-found'land. Am.
pronun. nyo-found-land' (N. Am.)
New Granada, nyo gra-na'da (S. Am.)
New Orleans, nyo oi-'le-anz (U. S.)
Newry, nyd'ri (Ir.)
Nexel, nek'sel (Den.) isl.
Nexoe, nek'seu-e (Den.)
Ngami, nga'me (S. At) I.
Nganhoei, ngan-ho-a'e; almost ngan-
hwa' (China)
Niagara, ni-ag'a-ra (Can.)
Niam-Niam, ne-am'ne-ani" (Af. ) tn.
Nias, ne-as' (Ind. Ocean) isl.
Nicaragua, ne-ka-ra'gwa (N. Am.)
Nice, nes (It.)
Nicobar, nik-6-bar' (As.) isls.
Nicolaiev, ne-ko-li'yef (Rus.)/^
Nicolas, St., sah ne-ko-la' (Bel.)
Nicolosi, ne-ko-16'se (It.)
Nicomedia, ne-ko-ma'de-a (As. >0.)
Nicopoli, ne-ko'po-le (Tur.)
Nicosia, ne-ko-se'a (Sic. ; Cyprus)
Nicoya, ne-ko'ya (Mex.) g.
Niederbaiern, ne-der-bi'6rn (Ger.)
Niemen, nya'men (Rus.) r.
Niengyan, nyeng-yan' (Bur.)
Nieuwendam, nyeu'ven-dam (Neth.)
Nieuweveld, nyo' felt- (Cape Col.)
Nifevre, ne-avr' (Fr.) dep.
Nigdeh, neg'de (Tur.)
Niger, ni'j6r (Af.) r.
Niigata, ne-e-ga'ta (Jap.)
Niihau, ne-e-hou' (Sand. Isls.)
Nijar, ne-6har' (Sp.)
Nijehaske, 'u-e-has'ke (Neth.)
Nijkerk, ni'kerk (Neth.)
Nijmegen, ni'ma-gen (Neth.)
Nijnei-Lomov, nizh-ni-16-mov' (Rus.)
Nijnei-Novgorod, nizh - ni - nov ' go - rod
(Rus.)
Nikita, n6-ke'ta (Rus.)
Nikolai, ne'ko-li (Prus.)
Nikolsburg, ne'kols-bbrg (Aust.)
Nikolskaia, ne-kol-ski'ya (Rus.)
Nikopol, ne'ko-pol (Tur.)
Nilgherry, nil-ge'ri (Ind.) mt.
Nimar, ne-mar' (Ind.)
Nimptsch, nempch (Prus.)
Nimwegen, nim-va'gen (Neth.)
Ning-Hia, ning-hya' (China)
Ninose, ne-no'sa (Jap.)
Ninove, ne-no'va (Bel.)
Niort, ne-or' (Fr.)
Niphon, ne-fon' (Jap.)
Nipissing, nip'is-ing (N. Am.) I.
Nishapoor, ne-sha-poi"' (Pers.)
Nismes, nem (Fr.)
Nitcheguon, nich'e-gwon (N. Am.) i.
Nitherohi, ne-te-ro'e (Braz.)
Nivelles, ne-vel' (Bel.)
Nivemais, ne-var-na' (Fr.)
Nixdorf, neks'dorf (Bohem.)
Niza, ne'za (Port.)
Nizam, ne-zam' (Ind.)
Nizza, net'sa {It)
Njurunda, nyo-ron'da (Swe.)
Noakote, no-a-ko'te (Nepaul.)
Noale, no-a'la (It.)
Noalejo, no-a-le'cho (Sp.)
Nocera, no-cha'ra (It.)
Noceto, no-che'to (Sp.)
Nodwengu, nod-weng'gu (S. Af.)
Fate, far, fat, fall; me, met, h6r, golden; pine, pin; note, not, move;
tub, bull; oil, pound; ch, cAain; g, go', j, ;ob; y, j/es; IH, «Aen; th, thin',
(68)
Nog
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Ocz
Nogent, no-zhon' (Ft.)
Nogiiera, no-ge'ra (Sp.) r.
Nohcacab, no-ka-kab' (Mex.)
Noirmont, nwgr-mon' (Switz.)
Noirmoutiers, nwar-mo-te-a' (Fr.)
Nontron, noii-troft' (Fr.)
Noordbroek, nord'brok (Xeth.)
Noordwijkerhout, nord'vi-ker-hout
(Neth.)
Norcia, nor'cha (It.) .
Nord, nor (Fr.) dep.
Nordemey, nor'der-ni (Ger.)
Norderoog, noi-'der-66h (Neth.) isl.
Nordkyn, nor'ktin (Nor.) c.
Nordlingen, neurd'ling-eu (Ger.)
Nordmalinse, nor-ma'ling-a (Nor.)
Nordstrand, nor'stran (Den.) isl.
Nora, nor (Eng.)
Norfolk, nor'fok (Eng.)
Norridgewock, nor'rij-wok (U. S.)
Norrkoping, nor-ch^p'ing (Swe.)
Norrska Fiellen, norsTca fe-el'len (Nor.)
Norrtelge, nor-tal'ya (Swe.)
Nort, nor (Fr.)
Northallerton, north-allSr-ton (Eng.)
Northampton, north-amp'ton (Eng.)
Northeira, nopt'him (Ger.)
Northumberland, nor-thumTiSr-land
(Eng.)
Northwich, north'wlch (En^.)
Norwich, nor'ich (Eng.); norich or nor'-
wlch (U. S.)
Nossibe, nos-si-ba' (Ind. Oc.) isl.
Notaro, no-ta'ro (It.)
Notteroe, not'ta-reu-e (Nor. ) isl.
Nottingham, not'ing-am (Eng.)
Noumea, no-ma-a' (N. Caled.)
Nouvions, no-ve-6u'(Fr.)
Novara, no-va'ra (It.)
Nova Scotia, no'va sko'shi-a CN. Am.)
Novaya Zemlya, no-vi'ya zem'lya(Ru3.)
uils.
Nova Zembla, no'va zem'bla (Rus.)
Novelda, no-vel'da (Sp.)
Noventa, no-van'ta (It.)
Novgorod, nov'go-rod (Rus.)
Novi-Bazar, no-ve-ba-zar' (Bosnia)
Novi Ligure, no've le-gb'ra (It.)
Novomirgorod, n6-v5-mer'go-rod
(Rus.)
Noya, no'ya (Sp.)
Noyer, Le, 16 nwji-ya' (Fr.)
Nueva, nu-e'va(Pen.)
Nuevitas, nwe-vg'taa (Cuba)
Nuevo Leon, nu-e'v6 le-6n' (Mex.)
Nu-Gariep, no-ga-rep' (S. Af.) r.
Nuggur, nug'gfer (Ind.)
Nuits, ntt-e'(Fr.)
Nuka-Hiva, noTia-he-va (S. Pac.) isl.
Numansdorp, nfi'manz-dorp (Neth.)
Nun, non (Mar. ; W. Af. ; Manchoor.)
Nundydroog, nun-di-drbg' (Ind.)
Nuneaton, mm-e'ton (Eng.)
Nunez, Rio, re'o no-nez' ("W. Af.) r.
Nunivack, nun'i-vak (Behring's Sea) isl.
Nurnberg, niini'berg (Ger.)
Nurpur, nor-por' (Ind.)
Niirtingen, n<lr'ting-en (Ger.)
Nusserabad, nus-ser-a-bad' (Ind.)
Nuyt's Archipelago, noits ar-ki-pel'a-
go (Austral.)
Nyack, ni'ak (U. S.)
Nyangwe, nyang'we (Af.)
Nyassa, nyas'sa (E. Af.)
Nyby, nii'bft (Swe. )
Nyeborg or Nyborg, nii'e-borg or nf-
borg (Den.)
Nyegaard, n<i'e-gor (Den.)
Nyhamni, nu'ham (Swe.)
Nyiregyhdza, nyer-edzh-ha'zo (Hung.)
Nykerk, ni'kerk (Neth.)
Nykobing, nii-ky^b'eng (Den.)
Nykbping, nii-cheup'ing (Swe.)
Nyslott, nu'slot (Rus.)
Nystad, nti'stad (Rus.)
Nysted, nfi'sted (Den.)
o.
Oahu, 6-a-ho' (Sand. Isls.)
Oajaca. o-a-6ha'ka (Mex.)
Oban, o'ban (Scot.)
Obe or Obi, 6'be (Rus.) r.
Obeid, o-ba'ed (Af.)
Oberlin, oTifir-lm (U. S.)
Obernai, o-ber-na' (Alsace)
Oberstein, oTjer-stin (Ger.)
Oberuzweil, 6-ber-ots'vil (Switz.)
Oberwesel, o-ber-va'zel (Prus.)
Obidos, 6-be-d6s' (Port. ; Braz.)
Oboyan or Obojan, o'bo-yan (Rus.)
Ocafta, o-ka'nya (Sp.)
Occimiano, ot-che-me-ji'no (It.)
Occoquan, ok'ko-kwan (U. S.)
Oceania, o-she-an'i-a (Pac. Oc.)
Oceola, 6-86-6'la (U. S.)
Ochakov, och-U-kof (Rus.)!?^
Ochill Hills, 66h'il hilz (Scot.)
Ochiltree, odi'el-tre (Scot.)
Ochotsk, 6-Chotsk' (Rus.) sea
Ochrida, 6-6hre'da (Tur.^
Ochsenfurt, oks'en-fbrt (Ger.)
Ochta, o6h'tii(Rus.)
Ocmulgee, ok-miil'ge (U. S.)
Oconee, 6-k6'ne (U. S.)
Ocosingo, o-ko-sing'go (Mex.)
Octorara, ok-to-ra'ra (U. S.)
OczakofT, och-a-kof (Rus.)/«.
zh, ware.
French, vHe, b&t; bleti, neuf ; h, on.
(W)
German, 6b, nacAt
Ode
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Oph
Odemira, 6-da-me'ra (Port.)
Odense, 6'den-sa (Den.)
Odensholm, o'denz-holm (Rus.) isl.
Odenwald, o'den-valt (Ger.)
Oderau, 6'de-rou (Aust.)
Oderzo, 6-dar'tso (It.)
Odessa, 6-des'sa (Eus.)
Odeypoor, o-di-pbi-' (Ind.)
Oedenbur^, eu'den-bbrg (Aust.)
Oedenrode, St., sant o'den-ro-de (Neth.)
Oederan, eU'de-ran (Ger.)
Oehringen, eti'ring-en (Ger.)
Oeiras, 6-a'e-ras ; almost wa'ras (Port. ;
Braz.)
Oeland, eu'lan (Swe.) isl.
Oerebro or Orebro, eu're-bro (Swe.)
Oeta, e'ta (Gr.) mt.
Oettingen, eut'ing-en (Ger.)
Of en, 6'fen(Au8t.)
Ogahden, o-ga'den (E. Af.)
Ogeechee, o-ge'che (U. S.) r.
Oglethorpe, 6'gel-thorp (U. S.)
Oglio, o'lyo (It.) r.
Ogovf6 or Ogowai, og'o-wa (W. Af.) r.
Ohanez, 6-ha-neth' (Sp. )
Ohasaka, o-ha-sa'ka (Jap.)
Ohio, o-hi'6(U. S.)r.
Ohiva-Oa, 6-he'va-o'a (S. Pac.) isl.
Ohlau, 6'lou (Ger.)
Ohomura, o-ho-mo'ra (Jap.)
Oiat, 6'yat (Rus.)r.
Oich, Loch, loch oidh (Scot.)
Oignies, wa-nye' (Bel.)
Oignon, wa-nyon' (Fr.) r.
Oirschot, 6'ir-s6hot (Neth.)
Oisterwijk, 6'is-ter-vik (Neth.)
Okehampton, ok'hamp-ton (Eng.)
Okhota, 6-6h6'ta (Sib.) r.
Okhotsk, 6-6hotsk'(A8.)
Okladnikovo, ok-lad-ne-ko'vo (Rus.) I.
Olbernhau, ol'bern-hou (Ger.)
Oldeboom, ol-d6-born' (Neth.)
Oldenburg, 61'den-borg (Ger.)
Oldeslo, ol'des-leu (Ger.)
Oldham, old'ara (Eng.)
Olean, 6-le-an' (U. S.)
Olekma, o-lek'ma (As.) r.
Olenek, 6'la-nek (Sib.) r.
016ron, 6-la-roft' (Fr.)
Olesa, 6-le'sa(Sp.)
Oletzko, 6-lets'ko (Prus.)
Olevano, 6-la-va'n6 (It.)
Olgiate, 61-ja'ta, (It.)
Olginate, 61-je-na'ta (It.)
Oliena, 6-le-a'na (It.)
Olif ant's River, ol'i-fants ri'v6r (S. Af.)
Oliva, 6-le'va(Sp.)
Olivaes, ol-e-va'es (Port.)
Olivares, o-le-va-res' (Sp.)
Oliveira, o-le-va'e-ra (Port. ; Brazil.)
Olivenza, o-le-ven'tha (Sp.)
Oliveto, o-le-va'to (It.)
Olkanskaia, ol-kan-ski'ya (Rus.)
Olkhon, ol'6h6n (Sib.) isl.
OUeria, 6-lye-re'a (Sp.)
Olmedo, 6l-me'THo (Sp.)
Olmeto, ol-ma'to (Cors.)
Olmiitz, ol'mflts (Aust.)
Olney, orni(Eng.)
Olonetz, 6'16-nets (Rus.)
Oloron, 6-l6-r5fi' (Fr.)
Olten, 61' ten (Switz.)
Oltenitza, 61-ta-net'sa (Tur.)
Olutorskoi, o-lO-tors'ko-e (Sib.) c.
Olvera, 61-ve'ra (Sp.)
Omagh, o'ma; locally, o-ma6h'(Ir.)
Omaha, o'ma-hji (U. S.)
Oman, o-man' ( Ar. )
Ombay, 6m-bi' (East. Arch.) iM.
Ombergsheden, 6m'bergs-ha-den (Swe.)
Omer, St., saii-to-mar' (Fr.)
Ometeque, 6-me-te'ke (Cent. Am.)
Omoa, 6-m6'a (Cent. Am.)
Omoe, o'meu-e (Den.) isl.
Omolon, o-mo-lon' (Sib.) r.
Onate, 6-nya'te (Sp.)
OneaHalgan, o-ne'a hal'gan (S. Pac.) is?.
Onega, 6-nya'ga (Rus. ) 2>i!.
Oneglia, 6-na'lya(It.)
Oneida, 6-ni'da (U. S.)
Onekotan, o-ne'ko-tan (N. Pac.) isl.
Onnaing, 6n-nafi' (Fr.)
Onon, o'non (Mongolia) r.
Onondaga, on-on-da'ga (U. S.)
Onstwedde, ons-tved'de (Neth.)
Ontario, on-ta'ri-o (N. Am.)
Onteniente, on-te-ne-en'te (Sp.)
Ontonagon, on-to-nag'on (U. S.)
Oo, 6 (Fr.)
Oojein, b-jin' (Ind.)
Oonalashka, b-na-lash'ka (N. Pac.) isl.
Oonimak, b-ni-mak' (N. Pac.) isl.
Oonjara, bn-ja'ra (Ind.)
Oordegem, or'de-gem (Bel.)
Oorfa, br'fa (Tur.)
Oorga, br'ga (Cent. As.)
Ooroomiyah, b-rb-me'ya (Per.)
Oosima, b-se'ma (Jap.)
Oosterbeek os'ter-bak (Neth.)
Oosterhout, os'ter-hout (Neth.)
Oostkerke, ost'ker-ke (Neth.)
Ootacamund, b-ta-ka-mund' (Ind.)
Ootmarssum, ot-mars'sum (Neth.)
Ootradroog, b-tra-drbg' (Ind.)
Opatow, o-pa-tof (Rus. )
Opelousas, op-e-lb'sas (U. S.)
Openshaw, o'pen-sha (Eng.)
Ophir, b'fer (Mai. Pen.) mt.
Fate, far, fat, fall; me, met, her, golden; pine, pin; note, not, move;
tub, buU; oil, pound; ch, c^ain; g, go; hjoh; y, j/es; tk, then; th, thin;
(60)
Opo
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
OVLg
Opoczno, 6-poch'n6 (Rus.)
Oporto, o-por'to (Port.)
Oppeln, op'pcln (Prus.)
Oppenheim, op'peu-him (Gter.)
Oppido, 6p'pe-do (It.)
Oragawa, 6-ra-ga'wa (Jap.)
Oran, 6-raix' (Alg.)
Orange, 6-rohzh' (Fr.)
Orani, 6-ra'ne (It.)
Oranieuburg, o-ra'ne-en-borg (Prus.) r.
Oranmore, o-ran-ni6r'(Ir.)
Oravicza, 6-ra-ve'tsa (Hung.)
Orbey, 6r-ba' (Alsace)
Orbye, orlbti-e (Den.)
Orce, 6i-'the(Sp.)
Orchies, 6r-she' /Fr.)
Orchilla, or-cherlya (Veuez.)
Orciano, or-chii'no (It.)
Ordona, 6r-d6'na (It. )
Ordufia, 6r-do'nya (Sp.)
Orebro, eti're-bro (Swe.)
Oregon, oi-'i-gon (IT. S.)
Orel, or-yol' (Rus. )
Orellana, 6-rel-lya'na (Sp.)
Orenburg, 6'ren-borg (Rus.)
Orense, 6-ren'se (Sp. )
Orgiios, 6r-goiuiz' (Braz.) mts.
Orgaz, 6r-gath' (Sp.)
Orgon, OT-goix' (Fr.)
Orient, L', 16-re-ou' (Fr.)
Origny, o-re-nye' (Fr.)
Orihuela, o-re-u-e'la (Sp.)
Orinoco, o-re-no'ko (S. Am.)
Oriskany, o-ris'ka-ni (U. S.)
Orissa, o-ris'sa (Ind.)
Orlstano, o-res-ta'no (It.)
Orizaba, 6-re-sa'va (Mex. )
Orklion, 6r-6h6n' (Mongol.) r.
Orlamiinde, 6r-la-miin'de (Ger.)
Orl^anais, 6r-la-a-na' (Fr.)
Orleans, 6r-la-on' (Fr.)
Orlogshainn, 6r^og8-ham (Rus.) haven.
Onnea, 6r-ma'a (It. )
Orni.sby, ormz'bi (Eng.)
Orniskirk, ormzTcerk (Eng.)
Omiuz, or'muz (Per. )
Ornain, 6r-nah' (Fr.) r.
Ornans, 6r-nofi' (Fr.)
Oronoco, 6-r6-n6'ko (S. Am.)
Orontes, 6-ron'tez (Syr. )
Oropesa, o-ro-pe'sii (3p.)
Oropo, o-ro'po (Gr.)
Oroshaza, or-osn-ha'zo (Hung.)
Orotava, 6-r6-ta'va (Canary Isls.)
Oroya, o-ro'ya (Peru)
Oreova, or'sho-va (Servia)
Ortegal, or-te-gal' (Sp.) c.
Ortelsburg, 6r't«lz-borg (Prus.)
Orthez, 6r-ta' (Fr.^
Ortler Spitze, ort'ler spet'se (Tyrol) m<,
Ortona, or-to'na (It.)
Oruba, 6-ro'ba (W. Ind.)
Oruro, 6-ro'ro (Bol. )
Orvieto, or-ve-a'to (It.)
Orzinovi, 6r-tse-no've (It )
Osage, o-saj' or 6'sij (U. S.)
Osaka, o-sa'ka (Jap.)
Oschersleben, o-sherz-la'ben (Ger.)
Osilo, 6-seao (It.)
Osima, 6-se'ma (Jap.) isl.
Oslo di Sopra, 6'se-o de so'pra (It.)
Osman-Bazar, os-man'ba-zar" (Bulg.)
Osmandjik, 6s-nian'jek (Tur.)
Osnabriick, os'na-brttk (Ger.)
Osomo, 6-sor'no (S. Am.)
Osselt, os'selt (Eng.)
Ossero. 6s-sa'ro (Adr. Sea) isl.
Ostend, 6s-tend' (Belg.)
Osterburg, os'ter-borg (Prus.)
Osterby, os'ter-bti (Swe.)
Osterode, os-ta-ro'de (Ger.)
Ostersund, os'ter-son (Swe.)
Osterwiek, os'ter-vek (Prus.)
Ostia, os'te-a (It.)
Ostiaks, ost'yaks (As.)
Ostiano, 6s-te-a'n6 (It.)
Ostiglia, os-te'lya (It.)
Ostrogojsk, os-tro-go'isk (Rus.)
Ostrolenka, 6s-tr6-lan'ka (Rus.)
Osuna, 6-sb'na (Sp.)
Oswegatchie, os-we-gach'i (U. S.)
Oswego, os-we'g6(U. S.)
Oswestry, oz'es-tri (Eng.)
Oswiecim, 6s-ve-at'sim (Aust. Gal.)
Otago, o-ta'go (N. Zd.)
Otaheite, o-ta-he'te (Soc. Isls.)
Otavalo, 6-ta-va'lo (Ecuador)
Otchakov, och-a-kof (Rus.)
Otea, 6-ta'a (N. Zd.) isl.
Otranto, o-tran'to (It.)
Otricoli, o-tre'ko-le (It.)
Otsego, ot-se'go (U. S.^ I.
Ottajano, ot-ta-ya'no (ItX
Ottawa, ot'ta-wa (Can.)
Otterburn, ot'ter-b6rn (Eng.)
Ottobeuren, 6t-to-boi'rcn (Ger.)
Ottone. 6t-t6'na (It.)
Oturaba, o-tom'ba (Mex.)
Ouachita, wa'shi-ta(U. S.)
Oualan, o'a-lan (N. Pac. Oc.)
Ouchy, o-she'(Switz.)
Oude or Oudh, oud (Ind.)
" " ■'; Fie
ou-de-niir'de (Bel.)
Oudenarde, b-de-nard'; Flemlsn pi-on.
Ouderkerk, ou'der-kerk (Neth.)
Oudewater, ou'de-vii-ter (Neth.)
Ouen, St., sah-tb-ah' (Fr.)
Oufa, b'fa (Rus.) r.
Oughteraru, ou't6r-ard or 6't6r-&rd;
locaUy, 0(Sh-t6r-ard' (Ir.)
zh. azure.
French, vfte, bOt; bleTi, netif; fi, o>i.
(61)
German, 6h, nacht.
Oun
PRONOUNCING VOCABITLART.
Par
Oundle, oun'del (Eng.)
Ourga, or'ga (Mong.)
Ourique, o-u-re'ka (Port.)
Ouro Preto, 6'u-ro pra'to (Braz.)
Ouse, oz (Eng.) r.
Outagamie, o-ta-gam'i (U. S.)
Ovada, 6-va'da (It.)
Ovalau, 6-va-lou' (Fiji) isl
Ovar, 5-var' (Port.)
Overflakkee, o-ver-flakTce (Neth.)
Overijssel, 6-ver-is'sel (Neth.)
Oviedo, 6-ve-e'TH6(Sp.)
Owasco, 6-was'ko (U. S.)
Owhyhee, o-hwi-he' (Sand. Isls.)
Oxus, oks'us (As.)r.
Oyapok, o-ya-pok' (S. Am.) r.
Oye, wa (Fr.)
Oyonnax, 6-yon-naks' (Fr.)
Ozania, o-sa'ma (Hayti) r.
Ozara, 6-za'ra (Hung.)
Ozark, 6-zark' (U. S.)
Ozieri, o-tse-a're (It.)
Ozorkov, 6-zorTtov (Pol.)
Pabbay, pabHba (Scot.) isls.
Pabilonis, pa-be-lo'nes (It.)
Pacaraima, Sierra, se-er'ra pa-ka-ra'e
ma (S. Am.)
Pachacamac, pa-cha-ka-mak' (Peru)
isls.
Pachitea, pa-che-te'a (Peru) r.
Pachuca, pa-cho'ka (Mex.)
Padang, pa-dang' (Sumatra)
Padenghe, pa-dan'ga (It.)
Paderborn, pa'der-born (Ger.)
Padiham, pad'i-ham (Eng.)
Padova, pa'do-va (It.)
Padua (Anglicised form of It. Padova),
pad'yu-a(It.)
Paducah, pa-dyb'ka (U. S.)
Paesana, pa-a-sa'na (It.)
Paganico, pa-ga-ne'ko (It.)
Pahang, pa-hang' (Mai. Pen.)
Paignton, pan' ton (Eng.)
Paillasse, pa-lyas' or pa-yas' (Fr.)
PaimbcBuf, pah-beuf (Fr.)
Paisley, paz'li (Scot.)
Pajares, pa Chii res (Sp.)
Pakracz, pa-krats' (Slav.)
Paks, poksh (Hung.)
Palacios, pa-la- the-6s' (Sp.)
Palaestro, pa-la-as'tro ht.)
Palafurgell, pa-la-fdr-dhel' (Sp.)
Palamos, pa'la-raos (Sp.)
Palancia, pa-lan-the'a (Sp.) r.
Palanka, pa-ian'ka (Hung.)
Palanza, pa-lan'tsa (It.)
Palatinate, pa-lat'i-nat (Ger.)
Palaur, pa-lar' (Ind.^ r.
Palawan, pa-la- wan' (East. Arch.) isl.
Palazzo, pa-lat'tso (It.)
Palegiano, pa-la-ja'no (It.)
Palembang, pa-lem-bang' (Sumatra)
Palena, pa-la'na (It.)
Palencia, pa-len-the'a (Sp.)
Palenque, pa-len'ke (Mex.)
Palermo, pa-lai-'mo (It.)
Palestrina, pa-les-tre'nii (It.)
Paliano, pa-le-a'no (It.)
Palighaut, pa-le-gat' (Ind.)
Palk, pak(Ind.)s<r.
Pallanza, pal-lan'tsa (It.)
Palmar, pal-mftr' (Sp.)
Palmaria, pal-ma-re'a (ItJ isl.
Palmeiras, pal-ma'e-ras (Braz.)
Palmyra, pal-mi'ra (Syria)
Palomar, pa-16-mar' (Sp.)
Palota, pa-16'to (Hung.)
Pamir, pa-mer' (Cent. As.)
Pamlico, pam'li-ko (U. S.)
Pampas, pam'pas (S. Am.)
Pampeluna, pam-pe-lo'na (Sp.)
Pampilhoza, pani-pe-lyo'za (Port.)
Pamplona, pam-plo'na (Sp.)
Pamunky, pa-mung'ki (U. S.)
Panama, pa-na-ma' (S. Am.)
Pananich, pan'-a-niCh (Scot.)
Panaur, pa-nar' (Ind.) r.
Panay, pa-ni' (East. Arch.) isl.
Pancalieri, pan-ka-le-a're (It.)
Panchshir, panch'sher (Afg.) val.
Pancsova, pan'cho-vo rHung.)
Pandacan, pan-da-kan' (Philip.)
Pandeiros de Baixe, pan-da'e-ros da bi'-
sha(Braz.)
Pangansene, pan-gan-sa'na (Ind. Arch.)
isl.
Pangasinan, pan-ga-se-nan' (Philip.)
Panhandle, pan'han-del (U. S.)
Paniput, pa-ne-put' (Ind.)
Pankota, pan-ko'to (Hung.)
Panompeng, pa-nom'peng (Siam)'
Panomsok, pa-nom'sok (Siam)
Panteg or Panteague, pan-teg* (Eng.)
Pantellaria, pan-tal-la-re'a (It.) isl.
Panticosa, pan-te-ko'sa (Sp.)
Panuco, pa-nij'ko (Mex.)
Panwell, pan-wel' Qnd.)
Paou, pa'o (Fiji) isl.
Papantla, pa-pan t'la (Mex.)
Papasquiaro, pa-pas-ke-a'ro (Mex.)
Papa-Stour, pa-pa-stor' (Scot.) isl.
Papua, pa'pu-a or pa-pb'a (S. Pac.) isl.
Para, pa-ra' (Braz.)
Fate, far, fat, fall; me, met. h6r. golden; pine, pin; note, not, move;
tub, buU; oil, pound; ch, chain; g, go; j.job; y, j/es; tu, then; th, thin;
(62)
Par
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Per
Paracatu, pa-i^-ka-to' (Braz.) r.
Paragua, pa-ra'gwa(Venez.) r.
ParaguaQU, pa-ra-gwa-sb'(Braz.) r.
Paraguay, par'a-gwa; Span. pron. pa-
ra-gwi'(S. Am.)
Parahiba or Parahyba, pa-ra-e'ba
(Braz.)
Paramaribo, pa-ra-ma'ri-bo (S. Am.)
Paramatta, pa-ra-mat'ta (Austral.)
Paranagua, pa-ra-na-gwa' (S. Am.)
Paranahyba, pa-ra-na-e'ba (Braz.)
Paranapanema, pa-ra-na-pa-na'ma
(Braz.) r.
Parati, pa-ra'te (Braz.)
Parchim, par'them (Ger.)
Pardubitz, par'du-bets (Bohem.)
Paredes, pa-re'THes (Sp.)
Paria, pa're-a (S. Am.) g.
Paris, pa-re, Eng. par'is (Fr.)
Painahiba, par-na-e'ba (Braz.) r.
Paropamisan (Mts.), pa-ro-pam-i-zan'
(Afg.)
Parthenay, par-t«-na' (Fr.)
Partick, par'tik (Scot.)
Pascagoula, pas-ka-go'Ia (U. S.)
Pascuaro, pas-ku-a'ro (Alex.)
Pas-de-Calais, pa-d6-ka-la' (Fr.)
Pasig, pa'seg (Philip.) r.
Paaion, Rio de la, re'6 de la pa-se-on'
(Cent. Am.)
Pasitano, pa-se-ta'no (It.)
Passage, pas'saj (Ir.)
Passaic, pas-sa'ik (U. S.)
Paasamaquoddy, pas-sa-ma-kwod'di
(U. S.)
Passariano, pas-sa-re-a'no (It.)
Passarovitz, pas-sa-ro'vets (Tur.)
Pastacja, pas-ta'sa (S. Am.) r.
Pastrana, pas-tra'na (Sp.)
Paszto, pas'to (Hung.)
Patagonia, pa-ta-go'ni-a (S. Am.)
Patapsco, pa-tap'8k6 (U. S.) r.
Patia, pa-t^'a (Colom.) r.r.
Patjitan, pat'ye-tan (Java)
Patras, pa-tras' (Gr.)
Patria, pji-tre'a, (It.) I.
Patricroft, pa'tri-kroft (Eng.)
Pattensen, pat't«n-zen (Ger.)
Pattialah, pat-te-ii'la (Ind.)
Patuxent, pa-tuk'sent (U. S.)
Patzum, pat-Bom' (Cent. Am.)
Pau, p6(Fr.)
Paucartambo, pa-u-kar-tam'bo (Peru)
Pauillac, p6-e-lyak' or p6-e-yak' (Fr.)
Paulghautcherry, p»l-g3t-che'ri (Ind.)
Paria, pa'vi-a; Ital. pron. pa-v§'tt(It.)
Pavone, pft-v6'na (It.)
Paweea, pa-we'a (W. Af.)
Pawtucket, p8-tuk'et (U. 8.)
Pawtuxet, pft-tuk'set (U. S.)
Payerne, pa-yern' (Switz.)
Paysandii, pa-e-san-do' (Urug.)
Payta, pa'e-ta (Peru)
Peban, pe-ban' (Mex.)
Pecatonica, pek-a-ton'i-ka (U. S.)
Peckham, pek'am (Eng.)
Pecs, pech (Hung.)
Pedee, pe-de' (U. S.) r.
Pedraza, pa-dra'sa (Venez.)
Pedrogao, pa-dro-goufi' (Port.)
PedrofLeras, pe-?Hro-nye'ras (Sp.)
Pedroso, pe-THro'so (Sp.)
Peebles, pe'belz (Scot.)
•Pegalajar, pe-ga-la-Char' (Sp.)
Pegu, pe-go'(As.)
Pei-Ho, pa-ho' (China) r.
Peipus, pa'e-pus (Bus.) I.
Pekalongan, pa-ka-lon'gan (Java)
Pekela, pa'ke-la (Neth.)
Pekin or Peking, pe-kin', pe-king*
(China)
Pelestrina, pa-las-trg'na (It.)
Peling, pa-ling' (East. Arch. ; Yel. Sea)
isls.
Pellegi-ino, pal-la-gre'no (It.)
Pellew, pellyo (Austral.) isls.
Pelotas, pa-16'tas (Braz.)
Peltew, pel-tev' (Aust. Gal.) r.
Pefiaflel, pe-nya-fe-el' (Sp.)
Penalara, pen-ya-la'ra (Sp.)
Penalva, pe-nal'va (Port.)
Penamacor, pa-na-ma-kor' (Port.)
Penang, pe-nang^ (East. Pen.) isl.
Pefiaroya, pe-nya-r6'ya(Sp.)
Pefiaa deSan Pedro, pen'yas de san
pa'lHro (Sp.)
Penedo, pa-na'do (Braz.)
Penge, penj (Eng.)
Peniche, pa-ne'sha (Port.)
Penicuik, pen-i-kuk' (Scot.)
Pefiiscola, pen-yes-ko'la (Sp.)
Penmaenmawr, Welsli pron. pen-
ma'en-mour (Wales)
Pennar, pen-nar' (Ind.)r.
Pennigant, pen'ni-gant (Eng.) int.
Pennsylvania, pen-sil-va'ni-a (U. S.)
Penobscot, pe-nob'skot (U. S.)
Pefion de Velez, pe-nyon' de ve'leth
Penrith, pen'rith (Eng.)
Penryn, pen'rin (Eng.)
Pensacola, pen-sa-ko'la (U. 8.)
Penteli, pen'te-le (Gr.)7n<.
Penzance, pen-zans' (Eng.)
Peoria, pe-6'ri-a (U. S.)
Pequefies, pe-ken'yes (S. Am.) mt. pass
Perak, pa'rak (Mai. Pen.)
Peraleda, pe-ra-le'THa (Sp.)
Perekop, pe're-kop (Rus.)
Peribouaca or Peribuca, per-l-b\}-a-kil',
per-i-bu-ka'(Can.)r.
Zh, azure. French, vOe, btjt; bl«^, neuf; fi, on
(63)
German, 6h, nacht
Per
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Pir
P^rigord, pa-re-gor' (Fr.)
Perigueux, pa-re-geu' (Fr.)
Perija, pa-re'6ha (Venez.)
Perim, pa-rem' (Red Sea) isl.
Pernagoa, per-nii'go-a. (Braz.)
Pernambuco, par-uam-bb'ko (Braz.)
Femes, parn (Fr.)
Pernis, per'iiis (Neth.)
P^ronne, pa-ron' (Fr.)
Perosa, pa-r6'za(It.)
Perpignan, par-pe-nyofi' (Fr.)
Persepolis, per-sep'6-lis (Per.) ruiiis
Pershore, p6r'sh6r (Eng.)
Persia, p6r'shi-a (As.)
Pertuis, par-twe' (Fr.)
Peru, pe-ro' (S. Am.)
Perugia, pa-ro'ja(It.)
Perugino, pa-ro-je'no (It.)
Peruwelz, pa-ro-valz' (Belg.)
Pesale, pa-sii'la (Ceylou)
Pesaro, pa'sa-ro (It.)
Pescadores, pes-ka-d6'res(Pac. Oc.) isls.
Pescara, pas-ka'ra (It.)
Peschici, pas-ke'che (It.)
Peschiera, pas-ke-a'ra (It.)
Peshawer, pe-sha'w6r (Ind.)
Pesquiera, pas-ke-a'ra (Port. )
Pesth, pest ; Hung. pron. pesht (Hung.)
Petaluma, pet-a-lb'ma (U. S.)
Petchora, pet-cho'ra ; Russ. pron. pyet-
cho'ra (Rus. ) r.
Peten, pe-ten' (Mex.)
Peterborough, pe't6r-bu-ru (Eng.)
Peteruulter, pe-t6r-ku't6r (Scot.)
Peterhead, pe-t6r-hed' (Scot.)
Peterhof, pa'tar-hof (Rus.)
Petersburg, St. , saut (colloquially, sint)
pe'terz-b6rg(RH3.)
Petersfteld, pe'terz-feld (Eng.)
Peterwardein, pa-ter-var'din (Hung.)
Petherton, peth'6r-ton (Eng.)
Petra, pe'tra; Arab. pron. pa-tra' (Ar.)
Petralia Sottana, pu-tra'le-a sot-tii'na
(It.)
Petrel, pe-trer(Sp.)
Petrinia, pa-tre ne-a (Aust.)
Petropaulovski, pa-tro-poul-ov'ski
(Rus.)
Petrovacz, pa'tro-vat3(Hung.)
Petrozavodsk, pa-tro-za-vodsk' (Rus.)
Pets, petsh (Hung.)
Pettycur, pet-ti-kei-' (Scot.)
Peveragno, pa-va-ra'nyo(It.)
Peyrehorade, par-6-rad' (Fr.)
P^z^nas, pa-za-na' (Fr. )
Pfaffenhofen, pfaf'fen-ho-fen (Ger.)
Pfafflkon, pfeffe-kon (Switz.)
Pfalz, pfalts (Ger.)
Pfeffers, pfef'fers (Switz.)
Pforzheim, pfortsTiIm (Ger.)
Pfyn, pfen (Switz.)
Philadelphia, fil-a-del'fl-a (U. S.)
Philates, fe-lii'tas (Tur.)
Philippeville, fe-lep-vel' (Alg.)
Philippines, firip-inz (East. Arch.)
Philippopoli, ftl-ip-pop'o-le (Tur.)
Phillack, fil'lak (Eng.)
Piacenza, pe-a-chan'tsa (It. )
Pianosa, pe-a-no'za (It.) isl.
Piasina, pe-a-se'na (Sib.) 1/
Piauhy, pe-a-u-e' (Braz.)
Piave, pg-a'va(It.)r.
Piavozero, pe-ya-v6-za'r6 (Rus.) L
Piazza, pe-at'tsa (It.)
Picardie, pe-kar-de' (Fr.)
Picerno, p6-char'n6 (It.)
Pichachen, pe-cha-chen' (Chile)
Pichincha, pe-chen'cha (S. Am.) int.
Pictou, pik-to'(Can.)
Piedimonte, pe-a-de-mon'ta (It.)
Piedmont, ped'mont (It.)
Pielis, pe'ya-lis (Rus.) I.
Pierre, St., sail pe-ai-' (W. Ind.) isl.
Pieterlen, pe'ter-len (Switz.)
Pieter-Maritzburg, pe-t6r-nia'rits-burg
(Natal)
Pietra, pe-a'tra (It.)
Pilar, pe-lar' (Braz.)
Pilatus, pe-la'tus (Switz.)
Pilaya, pe-la'ya (S. Ain.)r.
Pilcomayo, pel-ko-ma'yo (S. Am.) r
Pilibhit, pil-i-bet' (Ind.)
Pillau, pel'lou (Priis.)
Pillnitz, pel'nets (Ger.)
Pimlico, pini'li-ko (Eng.)
Pindamonhangaba, pen-da-nio-nyJlii"
ga'ba(Braz.)
Pindus, pin'dus (Gr.) mt.
Pinega, pe-na'ga (Rus. ) r.
Pinerolo, pe-na-io'16 (It.)
Pinheiro, pe-nya'e-ro (Port.)
Piukafeld, pen'ka-feld (Hung.)
Pinneberg, pen'ua-berg (Den.)
Pinos, pe'nos (8p.)
Piutada, pin-ta'da (U. S.) int.
Pioche, pe-och'a(U. S.)
Piombino, pe-6m-be'n6 (It.)
Piotrokof, pe-ot'ro-kof (Rus.)
Piperno, pe-par'no (It.)
Piply, pe'ple (Ind.)
Piqua, pik'wa (U. S.)
Piquetberg, pik'et-berg (Cape CoL)
Piquiri, pe-ke-re' (Braz.) r.
Piraeus, pi-re'us (Gr.)
Pirano, pe-ra'no (Istria)
Piratinini, pe-rii-te-nen' (Braz.)
Piritu, pe-re-tb' (Venez.)
Pirniasens, per-ma'zenz (Ger.)
Fate, far, fat, fall; me, met, h6r, golden; pine, pin; note, not, move;
tub, bull; oil, pound; ch, chain; g, go; j, job; y, yes; Til, tlien\ th, thm;
(64)
Pir
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Por
Pir-Panjal, per-pun-jal' (Cashmere) mt.
Pisa, pe'za (It.)
Piscataquis, pis-kat'a-kwis (U. S.)
Pisciotta, pe-shot'ta (It.)
Pisek, pe'sek (Bohem.)
Pisogne, pe-so'nya (It. )
Pissevache, pes-vaan' (Switz.)
Pistoja, pes-to'ya (It.)
Pitcairn, pit-karn' (Scot.)
Pitea, pe'ta-6 (Swe.) r.
Pithiviers, pe-te-ve-a' (Fr.)
Pi tic, pe-tek' (Mex.)
Pitigliano, pe-te-lya'no (It.)
Pittenweeni, pit- t«n-wera' (Scot.)
Pittsburg, pit3'Mrg(U. S.)
Piura, pe-o'rii (Peru)
Pi Ute, pi ybt (U. S.)
Pivniczna, pev-nets'na (Aust. Gal.)
Pizzighettone, pet-tse-gat-to'na (It.)
Placencia, pla-then'the-a (Sp.)
Placentia, pla-sen'shi-a (Newfd.)
Plaistow, plas'to (Eng. ; U. S.)
Planina, pla-ne'iia (Aust.)
Plaquemine, plak-men' (IT. S.)
Plassey, plas'se (Ind.)
Plata, La, lii pla'ta (S. Am.)
Platani, pla-tii'ne (Sic.) r.
Platte, plat' (U. S.) r.
Plattsburg, plats'bSrg (U. S.)
Plauen, plou'en (Ger. )
Plevna, plev'na (Bulg.)
Pliego, ple-e'go (Sp.)
Plock, plotsk (Pol.)
Ploermel, plo-ar-mal' (Fr.)
Plomb de Cantal, plot d6 koft-tal' (Fr.)
mt.
Plombieres, plofi-be-ar' (Fr.)
Plon, pliitin (Den.) I.
Plymouth, pli'muth (Eng.)
Plynlimmon, plin-lim'mon (Wales) mt.
Pocahontas, po-ka-hon'tas (U. S.)
Pocomoke, pok'o-mok (U. S.)
Podebrad, po'de-briid (Bohem.)
Podgoritza, pod-go-ret'sa (Monten.)
Podolia, p6-d6'le-a(Rus.)
Podolsk, po-dolsk' (Rus.)
Pohono, po-ho'no (U. S.)
Point a Pitre, pwfth-ta-petr' CW. Ind.)
Point de Galle, point de gal (Ceylon)
Poitiers, pw^-te-a' (Fr.)
Poitou, pwft-to' (Fr.)
Poix, pw}i(Fr.)
Polesine, p6-la-ze'na (It.)
Policastro, p6-le-kas'tr6 (It.)
Polignano, p6-le-nya'n6 (It.)
Poligny, p6-le-nye' (Fr.)
Pollenza, pol-len'za (Majorca)
Poltawa, pol-ta'va (Rus.)
Polynesia, pol-i-ne'shi-a
Pomba, pom'ba (Af.) b.
Pombeiro, p6m-ba'e-r6 (Port.)
Pomerania (Anglicized form of Ger.
Pommem), pom-er-a'ne-a (Prus.)
Pomieczyn, p6-me-tsen' (Prus.)
Pommern, pom'mem (Prus.)
Pomona, po-mo'na (Scot.)
Pompeii, pom-p6'yi; Ital. pron. pom-
pa'g-6 (It.) ruins
Pomponesco, pom-p6-nas'k6 (It.)
Ponany, po-nii'ni (Ind.)
Ponchatoula, pon-sha-tola (U. S.)
Pondicherry, pon-di-sher'ri ; Fr. pron.
p6ft-de-shar-re' (Ind.)
Ponferrada, pon-fer-ra'THa (Sp.)
Pontarlier, pon-tar-le-a' (Fr.)
Pont Audemer, poh-t6-d6-mar' (Fr.)
Pontchartrain, pon'char-tran (U. S.)
Ponte Delgado.pon'te del-ga'do (Azores)
Pontedra, pon-ta'drS (It.)
Pontefract, pon'ti-f rakt ; colloquially,
pom'fret (Eng.)
Pontestura, p5n-ta8-to'ra (It.)
Pontevedra, p6n-te-ve'THra (Sp.)
Pontiac, pon'ti-ak (U. S.)
Pontianak, pon-tya-nak' (Borneo)
Pontivy, p6ft-te-ve' (Fr.)
Pontoise, poh-twaz' (Fr.)
Pontotoc, pon-to-tok' (U. S.)
Pontremoli, p6n-tra'mo-l6 (It.)
Pontypool, pon'ti-pol (Eng.)
Poole, pol (Eng.)
Poolewe, pol-yo' (Scot.)
Poonah, po'na (Ind.)
Poorbunder, pbr-bun'd6r (Ind.)
Popayan, po-pa-yan' (S. Am.)
Poperingue, po-p6-raiig' (Belg. )
Popocatepetl, po-po-ka-te-petl' (Mex.)
Popoli, p6'p6-lg (It.^
Poquiock, po-kg-ok''^(K Bruns.)
Porchester, por'ches-t^r (Eng.)
Porcuna, por-ko'na (Sp.)
Pordenone, p6r-da-n6'na (It.)
Porlock, por'lok (Eng.)
Poromushir, p6-r6-mo-sh5r' (Kuriles)
isl.
Porquerolles, p6r-kft-r61' (Fr.) isl.
Porrentrui, por-rofi-trwS' (Switz.)
Porreras, por-re'ras (Sp.)
Porrudos, por-rb'dos (Braz.) r.
Portadown, p6rt-a-doun' (Ir.)
Portaferry, port-a-fe'ri (Ir.)
Portarlington, port-ar'ling-ton (Ir.)
Port-au-Prince, port-5-prins'; Fr. pron.
p5r-t6-prahs' (W. Ind.)
Portendik, p6r-ten'dik (W. Af.)
Portici, poi-'te-che (It.)
Portmadock, port-mad'ok (Wales)
Portmahomack, p6rt-ma-h5'mak(Scot.)
Portmoak, port-mok' (Scot.)
Portnahaven, p6rt-na-ha'ven (Scot)
ih, azure. French, viie, bttt;
(296)
bleti, neuf; f», on.
(66)
German, th, nacAt.
Por
PRONOUNCING VOCABITLART.
Put
Portobello, por-to-bel'lo (Scot.)
Porto das Caixas, por'to das kl'shas
(Braz.)
Portogruaro, p6r-t6-gro-a'r6 (It.)
Porto Rico, por'to re'ko ("W. Ind.)
Porto venere, p6r-t6-va'na-ra (It.)
Portreath, port-reth' (Eng.)
Portree, port-re' (Scot.)
Portrush, port-rush' (Ir.)
Portsea, port'sg (Eng.)
Portsmouth, ports'mouth orports'rauth
(Eng.)
Portugalete, p5r-tu-ga-la'ta (Port.)
Portuguesa, p6r-tu-ge'sa (Venez.) r.
Poschiavo, pos-ke-a'v6 (Switz.)
Posega, p6-sha'ga (Slav.)
Posen, po'zen (Prus.)
Posing, pebsh'mg (Hung.)
Poszneck, pos'nak (Ger.)
Potchefstrom, pot'chef-strom (S. Af.)
Potenza, p6-tan'dza (It.)
Potomac, p6-t6'mak (U. S.)
Potosi, po-tS'se; properly pot-o-se
(Bol.)
Pottawatomie, pot-ta-wot'o-mi (U. S.)
Pouching-hien, po-ching-hyen' (China)
Poughkeepsie, po-kip'se (U. S.)
Pouilly, pb-e-lye' or po-e-ye' (Fr.)
Poulton le Fylde, pol'ton le feld
(Eng.)
Pourcjain, St., saft por-sah' (Fr.)
Povoa, p6-v5'a (Port.)
Poweshiek, pou-e-shek' (U. S.)
Powhatan, pou-a-tan' (IT. S.)
Poyais, po-ya'es (Cent. Am.)
Pozo Estrecho, po'tho es-tre'cho (Sp.)
Pozuelo, po-thu-e'lo (Sp.)
Pozzuoli, pot-tswo'le (ID.)
Prachatitz, pra-6ha-tets' (Bohem.)
Prades, prM (Fr.)
Prague, prag; Ger. Prag, prag (Bohem.)
Prahusta, pra-hus'ta(Tur.)
Praslin, pras'lin (Ind. Oc.) isl.
Prasto, pras'teu (Den.)
Preanger, pra-ang'er, (Java)
Premeira, pra-ma'e-ra (E. Af.) isls.
Prescot, pres'kot (Eng.)
Presidio, pre-se'di-o (U. S.)
Pressburg, pras'bbrg (Hung.)
Prestonpans, pres-ton-panz' (Scot.)
Prestwick, prest'wik (Scot.)
Pretoria, pre-to're-a (Transvaal)
Pi-euilly, pre1i-e-lye' or preu-e-ye' (Fr.)
Prevesa, pra've-sa (Tur.)
Pribyloff, pri-by-lor (Pac. Oc.) isls.
Priego, pre-e'go (Sp.)
Priestholme, prestTiolm (\^'■ales) isl.
Priluki, pre-lo'ke (Rus.)
Primislau, pre'mes-lou (Bohem.)
Principato Citra, pren-che-pa'to che'trS
(It.)
Principato Ultra, pren-che-pa'to ol'tra
(It.)
Principe, pren'se-pe (Mex.)
Prinkipos, pren'ki-pos (Tur.)
Pripet or Pripets, pri'pet, prip'ets
(Pol.) r.
Prlsrend, pres'rend (Tur.)
Pristina, pres-te'na (Tur.)
Privas, pre-va' (Fr.)
Procida, pro'che-da (It.) isl.
Prome, prom (Br. Bur.)
Propiha, pro-pe'a (Braz.)
Provence, pro-vofts' (Fr.)
Provins, pro-van' (Fr.)
Prussia, prush'i-a (Ger.)
Pruszka, pros'ka (Hung.)
Pruth, prbth;Ger. pron. prbt (Europe) r.
Prypec, prip'ets (Pol.) r.
Przemysl, pzha'mizl (Aust.)
Przeworsk, pzha'vorsk (Aust.)
Przibram, pzhe'bram (Aust.)
Psilorati, pse-lo-ra'te (Crete) mt.
Psiol, pse'ol (Rus.) r.
Pskov, pskof (Rus.)
Puchow, po'6ho (Aust.)
Puckawa, puk'a-wa (U. S.) I.
Pudsey, pud'si (Eng.)
Puebla, La, la pij-eb'ia (Sp.)
Puebla de los Angeles, La, la pu-eb'la
de 16s an'6he-les (Mex.)
Puerto Principe, p\i-er't6 pren'se-pe
(W. Ind.)
Puget Sound, pyu'jet sound (N. Am.)
Pulawy, pb-ia'vu (Rus.)
Pulciano, pbl-cha'no (It.) mt.
Pulicat, pb'le-kat (Ind.)
Pulteney Town, pult'm toun (Scot.)
Pultusk, pbl-tusk' (Rus.)
Punchshir, punch'sher (Afg.)
Punderpoor, pun-der-pbr' (Ind.)
Punhete, pb-nya'ta (Port.)
Punjab, pun-jab' (Ind.)
Punjnud, punj-nud' (Ind.)
Punta Arenas, pbn'ta a-re'nas (Cent.
and S. Am.)
Punta Pariria, pbn'ta pa-re'nya (S. Am.)
Purac^, pb-ra-sa' (S. Am.)
Purbeck, Isle of, p6r'bek (Eng.)
Purchena, pbr-che'na (Sp.)
Purfleet, pfer'flet (Eng.)
Purmerende, pur-me-ren'de (Neth.)
Purneah, p6r'ne-a (Ind.)
Purus, pb-rbs' (S. Am.) r.
Purwan, p6r-wan' (Afg.)
Pusterthal, pbs'ter-tal (Tyrol)
Putiwl, pb-tefl' (Rus.)
Putlam, put-lam' (Ceylon)
Fate, far, fat, fftll: me, met, h6r, golden; pine, pin; note, not, move;
tub, bull; oil, pound; ch, cha.m; g, go; j, job; y, yes; th, then; th, thin;
(66)
Put
PRONOUNCING VOCABULAIlT.
Bas
Putney, put'ni (Eng.)
Putumayo, po-to-ma'yo (S. Am.) r.
Putzig, pbt'tsedh (Prus.)
Puy de Dome, pue d6 dom (Fr.) dep.
Pwllheli, pol-hale (Wales)
Pjchma, puch'ma (Rus.)
Pyrenees, pir-e-nez'; Fr. Pyr^n^es, pe-
ra-na' (Eur.) mts.
Pyrmont, per'mOnt (Ger.)
Q.
Quakake, kwa-kak'(U. S.)
Quakenbruck, kvaTcan-brbk ^Ger.)
Quangtong, kwang-tong' (China)
Quantock, kwan'tok (Eng.) hills
Qu'Appelle, ka-pel' (Can.)
Quarnero, kvar-na'ro (Aust.)
Quathlamba, kwat-lam'ba (3. Af.) mts.
Quatre Bras, ka'tr bra (Bel.)
Quebec, kwe-bek' (Can.)
Quedah, ke-da' (Mai. Pen.)
Quedlinburg, kvadlen-bbrg (Prus.)
Queensferry, kw6nz'fe-ri (Scot,)
Queenstown, kwtoz'toun (Ir.)
Queich, kvith (Ger.) r.
Queichoo, kwa-cho' (China)
Quelpaert, kwel'part (N. Pac.) isl.
■Queluz, kaioz (Braz.)
Quemada, ke-ma'da (Mex.)
Quenemo, ke-ng'mo (U. S.)
Quentin, St., sail kofa-taft' (Fr.)
Queretaro, ke-ret'a-io (Mex.)
Querimba, ka-rernHba (E. Af.) isU.
Quesaltenango, ke-sal-te-nan'g6 S. Am.
Quiberon, k6-b6-r6n' (Fr.)
Quibo, ke'b6(S. Am.) isl.
Quicara, kS-ka'ra (S. Am.)i8ls.
Quillabamba, k6l-ya-bam'ba (Peru)
Quilleboeuf, ke-y6-be'ilf (Fr.)
Quillimane, kel-Ie-ma'na (E. Af.)
Quillota, ke-lyo'ta (Chile)
Quimper, kafi-par' (Fr.)
Quimperl6, kafi-par-la' (Fr.)
Quindiu, ken-de'b (S. km.)mt.
Quinhon, ken-hon' (Anam)
Quintana, k6n-tft'na (Sp).
Quintanar, ken-ta-nar' (Sp.)
Quiotepec, ke-6-te-pek' (Mex.)
Quito, ke'tb (S. Am.)
Quorra, kwor'ra (Af.)
R.
Raab, rttb (Anst.)
Kaalte, r&Pte (Neth.)
Kaasay, rtt'B& (Scot.) itl.
Rabastens, ra-bas-toft'(Fr.)
Rabat, ra-bat' (Maroc.)
Racconigi, rak-k6-ne'je(It.)
Raczkeve, rats-ka'va (Hung.)
Radkersburg, rUd'kerz-bbrg (Aust.)
Radnor, rad'nor (Wales)
Radokala, ra-do-ka'la (N. Pac.) isU.
Radolpszell, ra'dolps-tsel (Ger.)
Radovitz, ra'd6-v5ts (Prus.)
Ragatz, ra-gata' (Switz.)
Ragusa, ra-gb'za (Dalmat.)
Rahden, ra'den (Ger.)
Rahmanieh, ra6h-ma-nS'e (Eg.)
Rahova, ra-ho'va (Bulg.)
Rahway, ra'wa (U. S.)
Raiatea, ra-ya-ta'a (S. Pac.) isl.
Raidroog, rld-rog' (Ind.)
Rajahraundry, ra-ja-mun'dri (Ind.)
Rajamahal, ra-ja-ma-hal' (Ind.)
Rajawur, ra'ja-wur (Ind. )
Rajpootana, raj-pb-ta'na (Ind.)
Rajshahye, raj-sha'he (Ind.)
Rakonitz, ra'ko-nets (Bohem.)
Raleigh, ra'Ie (U. S.)
Rama, ra'ma (Syr.)
Ramapo, ram-a-p6' (U. S.)
Rambervilliers, roh-bar-ve-lyS-a' (Fr.)
Rambouillet, roft-bb-lya' or roft-bb-ya'
(Fr.)
Ramghaut, ram-gat' (Ind.)
Ramghur, ram-gu? (Ind.)
Ramgunga, ram-gung'ga (Ind.) r.
Ramillies, ra-me-lye' or ra-m5-ye' (Bel.)
Ramisseram, ra-mis-se-ram' (Ind.)
Ramnad, ram-nad' (Ind.)
Ramnuggur, ram-nug'gur (Ind.)
Rampoor, ram-pbr' (Ind.)
Ramree, ram-r5'(Bur.)
Ramsey, ram'zi (Eng.)
Randers, ran'dars (Den.)
Ranea, ra'na-o (Swe.) r.
Raneegunge, ra-ne-gunj' (Ind.)
Rangitoto, rang-6-t6'tb (N. Zd.) isl.
Rangoon, rang-gbn' (Ind.)
Rannoch, Loch, ran'o6h (Scot.) I.
Raon I'Etape, ra-6fi' la-tap' (Fr.)
Raphoe, ra-fo' (Ir.)
Raploch, rap'lodh (Scot.)
Rappahannock, rap-pa-han'nok(U.S.)r.
Rapperschwyl or Rappersweil, rap'per-
shvel, rap'perz-vil (Switz.)
Raraka, ra-ra'ka (S. Pac.) isl.
Raritan, rar'i-tan (U. 8.) r.
Rarotonga, ra-ro-tong'ga (8. Pac. Oc.)
isl.
Rasay, ra'sa (Scot.) isl.
Raspeig, ras-pa-Sg' (Sp.)
Rassein, riU-sa'in (Roum.) {.
Rassova, r&s-sd'va (Roum.)
Rastede, ras-ta'da (Ger. )
zh, azure. French, vfte, bflt;
bl^, netif; ft, on.
(67)
German, t\\, nacAi
Ras
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Bie
Rastenburg, ras'ten-borg (Prus.)
Requeria, re-ken'ya (Sp.)
Rastriok, ras'trik (Eng.)
Reshd, resht(Pers.)
Ratass, ra-tas'(Ir.)
Resina, ra-se'iia (It.)
Rathangan, rath-ang'gan (Ir.)
Restalrig, res'al-rig(Scot.)
Rathcormac, rath-koi-'mak (Ir.)
Restigouche, res'ti-gbsh (N. Bruns.)
Rathen, rath'en (Scot.)
Retford, ret'ford (Eng.)
Rathenau, ra'te-nou (Prus.)
Retimo, re-te'mo (Crete)
Rathkeale, rath-kSl' (Ir.)
Reuilly, reu-e-lye' or reu-e-ye' (Fr.)
Rathlin, rath'lin (Ir.) i«Z.
Reunion, ra-ft-ne-oli' (Ind. Oc.) isl.
Rathmines, rath-minz' (Ir.)
Reus, re-bs' (Sp.)
Ratho, ra'tho (Scot.)
Reuss, rois (Ger. ; Switz.)
Ratibor, ra'te-bor (Prua.)
Reutlingen, roit'ling-en (Ger.)
Ratisbon, ra'tis-bon (Ger.)
Revel, ra'vel (Rus.); re-veV (Fr.)
Ratnapoora, rtit-na-po'ra (Ceylon)
Revilla Gegedo, re-vel'lya cihe-Che'do
Ratoneau, ra-to-no' (Fr.) isl.
(Mex.) isl.
Rattan, rat-tan' (Mex.) isl.
Rewah, ra-wa' (Ind.)
Rattray, rat'tra (Scot.)
Reyes, re-yes' (Mex. ; S. Am.)
Katzebufir, rat'sa-bor (Prus.)
Reynagh, ra'na6h (Ir.)
Reynolds, ren'olz (U. S.)
Ratzeburg, rat'sa-borg (Prus.)
Ravenna, ra-van'na (It.)
Rheims. See Reims.
Ravensburg, ra'venz-bbrg (Ger.)
Rhein, rin (Ger. ; Neth.)
Ravnagora, rav-na-go'ra (Aust.)
Rheinzabern, rin-tsa'bern (Ger.)
Rawa, ra'fa (Rus.)
Rhio, re'o (East. Arch.) isl.
Rawal Pinde, ra'wul pin'di (Ind.)
Rhodes, rodz(Tur.)isZ.
Rawicz, ra'vech (Prus.)
Rh6ne, r6u (Fr.) dep.
Raygunge, ra-gunj' (Ind.)
Raz6.9, ra-za' (Fr.)
Rhbngebirge, reun'ge-ber-ge (Ger.)
Rhuddin, hriTH'in (Wales)
Reading, red'ing (Eng.)
Rhuddlan, hriiH'lan (Wales)
Real, ra-al' (Braz.) r.
Rhynie, ri'ni (Scot.)
Realejo, re-a-le'6ho (Mex.)
Rhynns or Rhinns, rmz (Scot.)
Recanati, ra-ka-na'te (It.)
Riadh, re'ad(Ar.)
Recherche Bay, ra-shersh'ba (Tasm.)
Riajsk, re-yazhsk' (Rus.)
Recife, ra-se'fa (Braz.)
Rians, re-oii' (Fr.)
Recoaro, ra-ko-a'ro (It.)
Riaza, re-a'tha (Sp.)
Redcar, red'kar (Eng.)
Riazan, re-ya'zan (Rus.)
Redditch, red'dich (Eng.)
Ribarroja, re-bar-r6'6ha (Sp.)
Redonda, ra-don'da (W. Ind.)
Ribas, re-bas'(Sp.)
Redruth, red'roth (Eng.)
Ribbesford, ribz'ford (Eng.)
Regalbuto, ra-gal-bo'to (It.)
Ribchester, rib'ches-ter (Eng.)
Regensburg, ra'genz-bbrg (Ger.)
Ribe, re'ba(Den.)
Reggio, rej'6(It.)
Ribeauvill6, re-bo-vel-lya' or re-bo-ve-
Rehoboth, re-ho'both (U. S.)
ya' (Fr.)
Reichenau, ri'6he-nou (Ger.)
Ribeira Grande, re-ba'e-ra grLlu'da
Reichenbach,ri'6hen-ba6h(Ger.;Switz.)
(Azores)
Reichenstein, ri'ehen-stin (Prus.)
Ribeirao, re-ba-e-rouh' (Port.)
Reichstadt, rich'stat (Bohera.)
Ribemont, re-be-moh' (Fr.)
Reigate, ri'gat(Eng.)
Ribera, re-ba'ra (It.)
Reigoldsweil, ri'gOldz-vil (Switz.)
Riccia, rech'a(It.)
Reikiavik, ri'kya-vik (Iceld.)
Riceys, Les, la re-sa' (Fr.)
Reims, remz; Fr. pron. rafiz (Fr.)
Richborough, rich'bu-ru (Eng. )
Remagen, ra'ma-gen (Prus.)
Richelieu, resh-le-eu' (Fr.); lesh-e-lyu'
Rembang, rem-bang' (Java)
(Can.)
Remedies, re-me'de-os (Col.)
Richibucto, rish-i-buk'to (N. Bruns.)
Remiremont, r6-mer-mofi' (Fr.)
Richmond, rich'mond (Eng.)
Remscheid, ram'shid (Prus.)
Richtenberg, re6h'ten-berg (Prus.)
Renaix, re-na' (Bel.)
Rickmansworth, rik'manz-w6rth (Eng.)
Renfrew, ren'fru (Scot.)
Ricote, re-ko'te (Sp.)
Rennes, ren (Fr.)
Rideau, re-do' (Can.) r. and I.
Riehen, re'en (Switz.)
Rensellaer, ren's«l-6r (U. S.)
Fate, far, fat, fall; me, met, h6r, golden; pine, pin; note, not, move;
tub, bull; oil, poiind; ch, c/iaiu; g, go; j,;ob; y, yes; nu, then; th, thin;
(68)
Rie
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Bos
Rieka, re-a'ka (Monten.)
Riera, re-e'rii (ilex.)
Riesa, re'za (Ger.)
Rieseugebirge, re'zen-ge-ber-ge (Aust.)
Rieti, re-a'te (It.)
Riga, re'ga(Rus.)
Righi or Rigi, re'ge (Switz.) mt.
Rignano, re-nya'no (It.)
Rigolato, re-go-la' to (It.)
Rigyicza, re-dyet'so (Huug.)
Rijswijk, ris'vik (Neth.)
Rille, rel (Fr.) r.
Rima Szombath, re'm& som'bot(Huiig.)
Rimini, re'me-ne (It. )
Rimouski, re-mos-kg' (Can.)
Rinjani, ren-ya'ne (Lombok)
Rinkjoebiug, reng-kyeub'eng (Den.^
Ringgenberg, reng'gen-berg (Switz.)
Ringvaldsoe, reng-vald'seli-e (Xor.)
Rintein, ren'tein (Ger.)
Rio de Janeiro, re'6 da zha-na'e-ro
(Braz.)
Rio Vermelho, rS'o var-ma'lyo (Braz.)
Riobamba, re-6-bam'ba (Ecuad.)
Rioja, re-6'eha (Sp.; S Am.)
Riolobos, r6-o-lo'b6s (Sp.)
Riols, re-61' (Fr.J
Riom, re-ofi' (Fr.)
Rion, re'6n (Transcauc.) r.
Rionero, re-o-na'ro (It.)
Riou, re-o' (Fr.) isl.
Riouw, re'ou (Ind. Arch.) uil.
Ripen, rip'on (Eng.)
Rippoldsau, rep'pold-zou (Ger.)
Ripponden, rip'pon-den (Eng.)
Risborough, Prince's, prin'siz rizTbu-ru
(Eng.)
Ritzebiittel, ret'se-bOt-tel (Ger.)
Rivadeo, re-va-THe'6 (Sp.)
Rivarolo, re-va-ro'lo (It.)
Rive de Gier, rev d6 zhe-a' (Fr.)
Riverina, riv-6r-e'na (N. S. W.)
Rivesaltes, rev-zalt' (Fr.)
Rivoli, r6'v6-le(It.)
Roag, Loch, lodh ro'ag (Scot.)
Roanne, r6-an'(Fr.)
Roanoke, ro-an-ok' (U. 8.)
Roapoa, ro-a-po'a (Pac. Oc.) isl.
Roatan, ro-a-tan' (Cent. Am.) isl
Robbio, rob'be-o (It.)
Robilante, ro-bg-lan'ta (It.)
Robleda, ro-ble'THa(Sp.) 1
Roccella, rot-challa at.) I
Rochdale, roch'dal (Eng.) j
Rochechouart, rosh-sho-ar' (Fr.)
Rochefort, rosh-for' (Fr.) •
Rochefoucauld, rosh-fo-ko' (Fr.)
Rochelle, La, la ro-shel' (Fr.) !
Roche.Hter, roch'e8-t6r (Eng.) I
Bocroi, r6-krwft' (Fr.) I
Rodby, retid'bti (Den.)
Rodez, ro-da' (Fr.)
Roding, rod'ing (Eng.) r.
Rodosto, ro-dos'to (Tur.)
Rodriguez, i-o-dre'gez Ind. Oc.) isl.
Roermond, rbr'niont (Neth.)
Roeskilde, reus-kel'da (Den.)
Roeulx, reu (Belg.)
Rogasen, ro-ga'zen (Prus.)
Roggeveld, rog'ge-velt (S. At.) mts.
Rogliano, ro-lya'no (It.) '
Rohan, ro-ofi'(Fr.)
Rohilcund, ro-hil kund' (Ind.)
Rojales, ro-6ha'les (Sp.)
Rokeby, rok'bi (Eng.)
Rokelle, ro-kel' (W. Af.) r.
Rolvenden, rol-ven-den' (Eng.)
Romagna, ro-ma'nya(It.)
Romagnano, ro-ma-nya'no (It.)
Romano, ro-ma'no (It.)
Romanow, ro-ma-nof (Rus.)
Romans, ro-mofi' (Fr.)
Romanshom, ro'manz-horn (Switz )
Romanzoff, ro-man-zof (Pac. Oc.) iah
Romblou, rom-blon' (Philip.) int.
Ronide, ro'meu-e (Den.) isl.
Romoos, ro-mos' (Switz.)
Romorantin, ro-mo-roii-tah' (Fr.)
Romsey, rum'si (Eng.)
Ronaldshay, ron'ald-sha (Scot.) isls.
Roncesvalles, ron-thes-val'Iyes (Sp.)
Ronciglione, ron-che-lyo'na (It.)
Rondout, ron'dout (U. S.)
Ronneby, reun'na-bti (Swe.)
Ronsdorf, ronz'dorf (Prus.)
Roon, ron (Neth.)
Roosebeke, ro'sa-ba-ka (Bel.)
Roque, San, san ro'ke (Sp.)
Roquemaure, rok-mor' (Fr.)
Roquetas, ro-ke'tas (Sp.)
Roquevaire, rok-var (Fr.)
Roraas, reti'ros (Nor.)
Roraima, ro-ra'e-ma (S. Am.) mts.
Rorschach. ror'shaCh (Switz.)
Rosario, ro-sa're-o (Arg. Rep.)
Roscoff, ros-kof (Fr.)
Roscommon, ros-kom'mon (Ir.)
Roscrea, ros-kra' (Ir.)
Roseau, ro-zo' (W. Ind.)
Rosenheim, ro'zen-him (Ger.)
Rosetta, ro-zet'ta (Eg.)
Rosheim, ros'him ; Fr. pron. ro-zem
(Alsace)
Rosienna, ro-se-yen'iia (Rus.)
Rosignano, ro-se-nya'no (It.)
Roskilde. See Roeskilde.
Roslawl, ros-lafl' (Rus.)
Roslin, roslin (Scot.)
Rosneath, roz-neth' (Scot.)
RoBsauo, ros-s&'nd (It.)
Mh, arare. French, vde, bQt;
bleti, neuf ;
(60)
b, on. German, 6h, uac/tt.
Ros
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Sag
Rosabach, ros'badh (Priis.)
Rbssel, reus'sel (Prus.)
Rossignol, ros-se-nyol' (N. Am.) I.
Rosstrevor, ros-tre'vor (Ir.)
Rostock, ros'tok (Ger.)
Roth, rot (Ger.)
Rothay, ro'THa (Eng.) r.
Rothbury, rothTje-ri (Eng.)
Rothenburg, ro'ten-bbrg (Ger. ; Switz.)
Rotherham, roTH'6r-am (Eng.)
Rotherhithe, roTH'6r-hiTH (Eng.)
R.othe8, ro'thez (Scot.)
Rothesay, roth'sa (Scot.)
Rotomahana, ro-to-ma-ha'na (N. Zd.) I.
Rotterdam, rot't6r-dam (Neth.)
Rottweil, rot'vil (Ger.)
Rotumah, r5-t5'ma (Pac. Oc.) isl.
Roubaix, ro-ba' (Fr.)
Rouen, ro-oh' (Fr.)
Rouergue, ro-arg' (Fr.) dist.
Rouffach, rof-fash' (Fr.)
Roumania, ro-ma'ni-a (Eur.)
Roumelia, ro-me'li-a (Tur.)
Rousay, ro'sa (Scot.) td.
Rouse's Point, rous'iz point (U. S.)
Roussillon, rbs-sel-lyoh' or rbs-se-yOfi'
(Fr.) dist.
Roveredo, ro-va-ra'do (Aust. ; Switz.)
Rovezzano, ro-vat-tsa'no (It.)
Rovigno, ro-ve'nyo (Aust.)
Rovigo, ro-ve'go (It.)
Rovuma, r5-vo'ma (Af.) r.
Row, ro (Scot.)
Rowandiz, rou-an'diz (As. 3*Ii.)
Rowardennan, rou-ar-den'nan (Scot.)
Rowe, ro(U. S.)
Rowley Regis, rou'la re'jis (Eng.)
Roxburgh, roks'bu-ru (Scot.)
Royan, ro-yoh' (Fr.)
Roye, rwa (Fr.)
Ruahine, ni-a-h5'na (K Zd.) mts.
Ruapehu, ru-a-pa-hb' (N. Zd.) mt.
Rubicon, niTbi-kon; Ital. Rubicone,
rb-be-ko'na (It.) r.
Rudbar, rud-bar' (Per.)
Rudesheim, rO'des-him (Ger.)
Rudgeley. See Rugeley.
Rudkjbbing, rbd-kyetib'eng (Den.)
Rudolstadt, rb'dol-stat (Ger.)
Rugby, rug'bi (Eng.)
Rugeley, ruj'li (Eng.)
Rugles, r<i'gl(Fr.)
Ruhrort, rbr'ort (Prus.)
Ruinen, roi'nen (Neth.)
Ruinerwold, roi'ner-volt (Neth.)
Rum, rum (Scot.) isl.
Rumili, rb'me-le (Tur.)
Runcorn, rung'korn (Eng.)
Rungpoor, rung-pbr' (Ind.)
Runnymede, run'ni-med (Eng.)
Rupelmonde, rb-pal-mon'da (Bel.)
Rupouuny, rb-po-nb'n6 (S. Am.) r.
Rusholme, rush'um (Eng.)
Russia, rush'i-a
Russikon, rbs'se-kon (Switz.)
Rustchuk, rust-chuk' (Bulg.)
Rutherglen, ruTH'6r-glen; colloquially,
ruglen (Scot.)
Ruthin (Anglicized form of Rhuddin),
ruth'in (Wales)
Rutigiiano, rb-te-lya'no (It.)
Rxitli, rflt'le (Switz.)
Ruysselede, rois-se-la'de (Bel.)
Ryan, Loch, loCh ri'an (Scot.)
Rybinsk, ru-b6nsk' (Rus.)
Rybnik, reb'nsk (Prus.)
Rydal, ri'dal (Eng.)
Ryde, rid (Eng.)
Rye, ri (Eng.)
Rylstone, ril'ston (Eng.)
Rzeszow, zha-shor (Aust. GaL)
s.
Saale, zaie (Ger.) r.
Saanen, za'nen (Switz.)
Saarbriick, zar'brtlk (Ger.)
Saargemiind, zai-'ge-mQnt (Ger.)
Saarlouis, zar-lb-e' (Ger.)
Saas, zas (Switz.)
Saba, saOja (W. Ind.) isl.
Sabanilla, sa-ba-nel'ya (Col.)
Sahara, sa-ba'ra (Braz.)
Sabbionetta, sab-be-6-nat'ta (It.)
Sabine, sa-ben' (U. S.) I. and r.
Sabioncello, sa-be-on-chal'lb (Dalmat.)
Sabiote, sa-be-6'te (Sp.)
Sables d'Olonne, Les, la saTjl do-lon'
(Fr.)
Sabrina, sa-bre'na (Azores) isl.
Sacatecoluco, sa-ka-te-k5-lb'ko (Cent
Am.)
Sacatepec, sa-ka'te-pek (Cent. Am.)
Sacconex, sak-ko-neks' (Switz.)
Sacedon, sa-the-d5n' (Sp.)
Sachsen (Saxony), zak'scn (Ger.)
Sachsenhausen, zak'sen-houz-en (Ger.)
Sacile, sa-che'la (It.)
Sackatoo, sak-ka-tb' (Cent. Af.)
Saco, sa'ko (U. S.)
Sacondaga, sak-on-da'ga (U. S.)r.
Sacramento, sa-kra-men'to(U. S. ; Mex.)
Sacriflcios, sa-kri-fe'se-os (Mex.) isl.
Sacuhi, sa-kb-e' (Braz.) r.
Sadowa, sad'6-va (Bohem.)
Saghalien, 8a-6ha-l5n' (As.) isl.
Fate, far, fat, f^U; me, met, her, golden; pine, pin; note, not, move;
tub, bull; oil, povind; ch, chain; g, go; j,job; y,yes; te., then; th, thin;
(70j
saer
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Sax
Saginaw, sag'i-na (U. S.)
Saguache, sa-woch' (U. S.)
Saguenay, sag-e-na' (Can.) r.
Sahagun, sa'a-gon (Sp.)
Sahama, sS-ha'nia (Bol.) mt.
Sahara, sa-ha'ra (Af.)
Saharunpoor, sa-ha-run-p6r' (Ind.)
Saiansk, sa-ySnsk' (Sib.) mt.
Said,sa-ed'(Eg.)
Saigon, si-gon'; Fr. pron. sa-goii' (Fr.
Coch. China)
Saintonge, sah-tofizh' (Fr.)
Sajama, sS-dha'ma (Bol.) mt.
Sajansk, sa-yansk' (Sib.) mts.
Sakaria, sa-ka-re'a (As- Mi.) r.
Sakhalin, sa-6ha-lgn' (As.) isl.
Sakkara, sak-ka'ra (Eg.)
Sakmara, siik-ma'ra (Rus.) r.
Salado, sa-la'do (S. Am.) r.
Salama, sa-la'ma (Cent. Ara.)
Salamanca, sa-la-man'ka (Sp. ; Mex.)
Salamls, sa'la-mis (Gr. ) isl.
Salangore, sa-lan-goi-' (Mai. Pen.)
Salawatty, sa-la-wat'ti (East. Arch.) isl.
Salayer, sa-li'er (East. Arch.) isl.
Saldanha, sal-da'nya (S. Af.) b.
Salem, salem (U. S. and Ind.)
Salembria, sa-leifi-bre'a (Gr.) r.
Salemi, sa-la'me (Sic.)
Salerno, sa-iar'no (It.)
Salford, sal'ford (Eng.)
Salgado, sal-ga'do (Braz.)
Salhieh, sal-lie'e (Eg.)
Salies, sa-le' (Fr.)
Salina, sa-le'na (It. ) isl.
Salisbury, salz'be-ri (Eng.)
Sallenches, sal-lofish' (Fr.)
Salobrena, sa-lo-bra'na (It.)
Salona, sa-lo'nii ( Aust. ; Gr.)
Saloniki, 8a-l6-ne'k6(Tur.)
Salop, sal'op (Eng.)
Salorino, sa-16-re'no (Sp.)
Salsette, sal-set'; Port. pron. sal-set'ta
(Ind.) isls.
Saltcoats, sftlfkots (Scot.)
Saltillo, sai-tel'lyo (Mex.); sal-til '16
(U. S.)
Salton, B^rtun (Scot.)
Saluen or Sal wen, sal-wgn' (As.) r,
Saluzzo, sa-lbt't36(It.)
Saluzzola, sa-lbt'tso-la (It.)
Salvador, sal-va-dor' (Cent. Am.)
Salvatore, San, sin Bal-va-t6'ra (It.)
Salzbrunn, 8altsn)r6n (Prus.)
Salzburg, saltsTiOrg (Aust.)
Salzkammergut, salts 'kam-mer-gOt
(Aust.)
Salzungen, salts'ung-en (Ger.)
Salzwedel, ziilts'va-del (Prus.)
Samac4, sa-ma-ka' (Col.)
Samakov, sa-ma-kov' (Bulg.)
Sam ana, sa-ma-na' (Hayti) pen.
Samar, sa-mar' (Ind. Arch.) isl.
Samai-a, sa-ma'ra (Rus.)
Samarang, sa-ma-rang' (Java)
Samarkand, sa-mar-kand' (As.)
Sambilang, sam-bg-iaug' (East. Arch.)
isls.
Samboanga, sam-bo-ang'ga (Philip.)
Sambre, soh'br (Bel.) r.
Sambuca, sam-bb'ka (It.)
Samoan Islands, sa-mo'an (S. Pac. Oc.)
Samos, sa'mos (Tur.) isl.
Samothraki, sa-m5-thra'k6 (Tur.) isl.
Sampeyre, sam-pa'e-ra (It.)
Samsbe, siim'seu-e (Den.) isl.
Samsoon, sam-son' (As. Mi.)
Sanday, san'da (Scot.) isl.
Sandhurst, sand'h6rst (Eng.)
Sandomir, san-do-mer' (Rus.)
Sandusky, san-dusTci (U. S.)
Sandwich, sand'wich (Eng.)
Sangai, san-ga'e (Ecuad.) vole.
Sangamon, san'ga-mon (U. S.) r.
San Giorgio, san joi-'ja (It.)
Sangir, san'ger (East. Arch.) isl.
Sanguesa, san-ge'sa (Sp.)
San Ildefonso, san el-de-fon's6 (Sp.)
San Joaquin, san wa-ken' (Calif or.)
Sanlucar, san-lo-kar' (Sp.)
San Marino, san ma-re 'n5 (It.)
San Miguel, san me-gel' (U. S. ; Cent.
Am.)
Sannio, san'ne-o (It.)
Sanquhar, sang ' kwar ; colloquially,
sang'kSr (Scot.)
San Salvador, san sal-va-dor' (Cent. Am.)
Sansanding or Sansandig, san-san-ding^
or san-san-dig' (Af.)
San Sebastian, san se-bas-te-an' (Sp.)
Sansego, san-sa'go (Adr. Sea) isl.
San Stefano, san stef'a-no (Tur.)
Santa Cruz, san'ta krbs (W. Ind.) mt.
Santander, san-tan-der' (Mex. ; Sp.)
Santarem, san-ta'reh (Port.)
Santiago, san-t6-a'go (Sp. ; Span. Am.)
Santillana, san-t6l-lya'na (Mex.)
Santipoor, san-te-pbr' (Ind.)
Santo Domingo, san'to do-m6ng'g6 (W.
Ind.)
Santofia, san-to'nya (Sp.)
Santorin, san-to-ren' (Gr.) isl.
Sao LoureuQO, soufi lo-u-ren'so (Braz.)
Sa6ne, son (Fr.) dep.
Sio Sebastiio, soufi sa-bas-te-oufi'
(Braz.)
Saquamera, sS-kwa-ma'ra (Braz.)
Sarabat, sa'ra-bat (As. Mi.)r.
Saragossa, sa-ra-gos'sa (Sp.)
Sarakhs, sa-rachs' (Cent. As.)
zh, amre.
French, vde, b&t; bli^, netif; t, on.
(Tl)
German, th, nacAt.
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Sci
Sarapul, sa'ra-pol (Rus.)
Saratoga, sa-ra-to'ga (U. S.)
Saratov, sa-ra'tov (Rus.)
Sarawak, sa-ra'wak (Borneo) dist.
Sarawan, sa-ra-wan' (Belooch.) dist.
Sardara, sar-da'ra (It.)
Sardes, sar'des (Tur.)
Sardinia, sar-di'ni-a (It.) isi.
Sarepta, sa-rep'ta (Rus.)
Sanniento, sar-me-en'to (S. Am.) 7nt.
Sarrebourg, sftr-bbr' (Ger.)
Sarrebruck, sar-brtik' (Ger.)
Sarreguemines, 8ar-g6-men' (Ger.)
Sarria, sar're-a (Sp.)
Sarthe, sart (Fr.) dej). and r.
Sarum, Old, sa'rum (Eng.)
Sarun, sa'run(Ind.) dist.
Sarzana, sar-dza'na (It.)
Sarzeau, sar-zo'(Fr.)
Sarzedas, sar-za'das (Port.)
Saskatchewan, saa-kach'e-won (N. Am.)
r.
Sassafras, sas'sa-fras (U. S.)
Sassari, sas'sa-re (Sardin.)
Satanow, sa-ta-nof (Rus.)
Satara, sa-ta'ra (Ind. )
Satgaon, sat-ga'on (Ind.)
Satorallya Ujhely, sa-tor-ol'yo u-e-haly'
(Aust.)
Satpoora, sat'pvj-ra (Ind.) mts.
Satsuma, sat-sO'ma (Jap.)
Sattarah, sat-ta'ra (Ind.) dist.
Saubermutty, sa,-b6r-mut'ti (Ind.) r.
Saucejo, El, el sa-u-the'6ho (Sp.)
Saugur, sa'gur(Ind.)
Saulieu, so-lS-eu' (Fr.)
Sault Sainte Marie, Fr. pron. so safi
ma-re'; local pron. so sint ma're
(U. S.)
Saulzoir, so-zw^r' (Fr.)
Saumur, s6-m(ir' (Fr.)
Sauternes, so-tarn' (Fr.)
Sauveterre, sdv-tei*' (Fr.)
Savaii, sa-vi'e (S. Pac.) isl.
Savannah, sa-van'na (U. S.)
Saverne, sa-varn' (Fr. )
Savigliano, sa-ve-lya'no (It.)
Savignone, sa-ve-nyo'na (It.)
Savio, sa've-6 (It.) r.
Savoie, sa-vwg,' (Fr.) dep.
Savona, sa-vo'na (It.)
Sawakin, sa-wa'ken (Af.)
Saxe-Altenburg, saks-al'ten-borg (An-
glicized form of German Sachsen-
Altenburg)
Saxmundham, saks'mund-am (Eng.)
Saxony, saks'6-ni (Ger.)
Scafell, ska-fel' (Eng.) mt.
Scalloway, skal'lo-wa (Scot.)
Scalpa Flow, skal'pa flo (Scot.) 6.
Scanderoon, skan-de-rdn' (As.)
Scarborough, skar'bu-ru (Eng.)
Scarcies, skai-'siz (W. Af.) isls.
Scardona, skar-do'na (Dalmat.)
Schaffhausen, shaf'houz-en (Switz.)
Schaghticoke, skat'i-kuk (U. S. )
Schandau. shan'dou (Ger.)
Schaumburg-Lippe, shoum'bOrg-lip-pe
(Ger.)
Scheemda, s6ham'da (Neth.)
Scheldt, skelt; Dutch, Schelde, sfthel'de
(Neth.) r.
Schelling, Ter, ter sdhel'ing (Neth.)
isl.
Schemnitz, shem'nSts (Ger.)
Schenectady, ske-nek'ta-di (U. S.)
Scherwiller, shar-vel-lar' (Alsace)
Scheveningen, s6ha'vcn-ing-eu (Neth.)
Schiedam, sChe'dam (Neth.)
Schiermonnikoog, scher - mon ' ni - kog
(Neth.) isl.
Schinznach, shents'nafih (Switz.)
Schio, ske'o (It.)
Schlangenbad, shlang'en-bad (Ger.)
Schlesien, shla'ze-en (Ger. )
Schleswig or Sleswick, shlas'veg (Ger.)
Schleusingen, shlois'ing-en (Prus )
Schmalkalden, shmal-kal'den (Ger.)
Schneekoppe, shna'kop-pe (Ger.) int.
Schneidemiihl, shni'de-mftl (Prus.)
Schoharie, sko-ha'rg (U. S.)
Schokland, sehok'lant (Neth.)
Schonau, sheti'nou (Ger.)
Schonbrunn, shetm'bron (Aust.)
Schoondijke, s6h6n'di-ke (Neth.)
Schoonhoven, sfihon'ho-vcn (Neth.)
Schouten, sh6'ten (S. Pac. Oc.) isl.
Schouwen, s6hou'ven (Neth.) isl.
Schreisheim, shrls'him (Ger.)
Schroon, skron (U. S.)
Schuyler, ski'16r (U. S.)
Schuylkill, skbl'kil (U. S.)
Schwaben (Suabia), shva'ben (Ger.)
Schwarzawa, shvarts'a-va (Aust.) r.
Schwarzburg Rudolstadt, shvarts'borg
ro'dol-stat (Ger.)
Schwarzburg Sondershausen, shvarts'-
borg zon'ders-houz-en (Ger.)
Schwarzwald, shvarts'valt (Ger.)
Schweinfurt, shvin'fbrt (Ger.)
Schweiz (Switzerland) shvits (Eur.)
Schwetzingen, shvets'ing-en (Ger.)
Schwyz, shvets (Switz.)
Schyl, shel(Hung. and Tur.) r.
Scilly Islands, sil'li i'landz (Eng.)
Scinde, sind (Ind.)
Scio, s6'6 (Gr.)
Scioto, si-6'to {U. S.)
Fate, far, fat, fall; me, met, her, golden; pine, pin; note, not, move;
tub, bull; oil, poiind; ch, cAain; g, flfo; j, job; y, j/es; tr, then, th, thin;
(72)
Sci
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Shu
Scituate, sit'yu-at (U. S.)
Scombi, skom'be (Tur.) r.
Scone, skon (Scot.)
Scutari, skb'ta-re (Eur. Txir.; As. Mi.)
Seacombe, sg'kum (Eng.)
Sealkote, se-al'k5t (Ind.)
Seattle, 8^-at't«l (U. S.)
Sebastopol, se-bas'to-pol; Russ. pron.
sa-vas-top'ol (Rus.)
Sebenico (sa-ba'ne-ko (Aust.)
Sechuen, se-chwen' (China) prov.
Sechura, sa-cho'ra (Peru) b.
Secunderabad, se-kun-de-ra-bad' (Ind.)
Secundra, se-kun'dra (Ind.)
Sedan, s6-dofi' (Fr.)
Sedbergh, sed'b6rg (Eng.)
Sedgemoor, sej'mor (Eng.)
Seeland (Anglicized form of Danish
Sjselland), se'land (Den.) isl.
Sefan, se-fan' (Tiliet) dM.
Sefid Rud, se-fed' rod (Per.) r.
Segamet, sa-ga-met' (Mai. Pen.) dint.
Sego, sa'go (W. Af.)
Segorbe, 3a-gorT)e (Sp.)
Segovia, se-go've-a (Sp.)
Segura, se-go'ra(Sp.)
Seharunpur, se-ha'run-por"(Ind.)
Sehwan, se-vau' (Ind.)
Seine, san (Fr.) r. ^
Seine Inf^rieure, san ali-fa-rg-CTir' (Fr.)
dep.
Seistan, sa-is-tan' (Afg.)
Selangor, se-lang'gor (Mai. Pen.)
Selenga, sa-leng'gS. (Cent. As.)r.
Semao, se-ma'6 (East. Arch.) isl
Semendria, sa-men'dre-a CSer.)
Semipalatinsk, se-nii-pa-la'tinsk" (Sib.)
Semirechensk, sa-mer-ye-chensk' (Sib.)
Semisopochnoi, se-mi-86-po6h'n6-S (N.
Pac. Oc.) i«l.
Sempach, zam'pa<;h (Switz.)
Sendai, sen-dl' (Jap.)
Seneca, sen'e-ka (U. S.) I.
Senegal, sen-ne-gftl' or sen-e-gar(Af.) r.
Senegambia, sen-e-gani'b6-a(Af.)
Senio, sa'ne-6(It.) r.
Senlis, saft-les' (Fr.)
Sennar or Sennaar, sen-nar' (Af.)
Seo de Urgel, se'o de br-dhel' (Sp.)
Sepolcro, San, san sa-pol'kro (It.)
Septimer, sap'te-mer (Switz. ) pass
Sepulveda, se-pbl-ve'THa(Sp.)
Seraiev6, se-ri-ya'vd (Bosnia)
Serampore, se-rampor' (Ind.)
Sergipe, sar-zhe'pa (Br&z.)dist.
Serinagur, se-re-na-gur'(Ind.)
Seringapatam, 8e-ring-ga-pa-tam'(Ind.)
Seringham, se-rin-fram (Ind.)
Serino, sa-re'no (It.)
Serle, 86rt (8. Pac.) ial.
Serohi, ser-o-he' (Ind.)
Serpentaria, sar-pan-ta're-a (It.) isl.
Serpho, ser'f o (Gr. ) isl.
Serriferes, sar-re-ar' (Fr.)
Seshek^, se-she-ke' (S. Af.)
Sesia, sa'se-a (It.) r.
Se tubal, sa-to-bal' (Port.)
Sevan, sa-van' (Armen.) I.
Sevastopol, Russ. pron. sa-vas-top'ol
(Rus.)
Seven oaks, sev'en-oks (Eng.)
Severn, sev'6rn (Eng.) r.
Sevemdroog, se-vern-drog' (Ind.)
Sevilla, sa-veaya (Sp.)
Seville (Anglicized form of Span.
Sevilla), sev'il or se-vil' (Sp.)
Sevres, Deux, deli savr (Fr.) dep.
Sevvalik, se-walik (Ind.) mts.
Sewestan, sa-wes-tan' (Afg.)
Seychelles, sa-shel' (Ind. Oc.) isls.
Shaftesbury, shaftsHbe-ri (Eng.)
Shaliabad, sha-ha-bad' (Ind.)
Shahjehanpoor, shah - je - ban- por '
(Ind.)
Shamakha, sha-nia'6ha (Transcauc.)
Shamo, sha'mo (Cent. As.) des.
Shanalin, shan-a-lin' (Cent. As.) mts.
Shanghai, shang-hi' (China)
Shannon, shan'non (Ir.)
Shapinshay, shap'in-sha (Scot.) isl.
Shax-i or Shary, sha'ri (Cent. Af.) r.
Shediac, she-de-ak' (N. Bruns.)
Sheerness, sher-nes' (Eng.)
Sheffield, sheffeld (Eng.)
Shellif, shel-lef'(Alg.)r.
Shelagskoi, she-lag'sko-e (Sib.) e.
Shenandoah, shen-an-do'a (U. S.)
Shendy, shan'de (Nub.)
Shense, shen-se' (China)
Shershel, sher-shel' (Alg.)
Shetland, shet'land (Scot.) co.
Shields, sheldz (Eng. )
Shigatze, shi-gat'sa (Tibet)
Shikarpoor, shi-kar-pbr' (Ind.)
Shimiyu, shi-me'yu (Af.) r.
Shimoga, shi-m6'ga(Ind.)
Shippegan, ship'pe-gan (K Brun.)M
Shiraz, shg-raz' (Per.)
Shire, she'ra (Af.) I.
Shirwa, shir'wa (Af.) I.
Shistova, shes-to'va (Bulg.)
Shoa, sh6'a(Af.)
Shoeburyness, sho'be-ri-nes (Eng.)
Shohola, sho-ho'la (U. S.)
Shoreham, shor'ani (Eng.)
Shoshone or Shoshonee, sho-sho'ne
(U. S.)
Shrewsbury, shrozlje-ri (Eng.)
Shumla, shom'la (Bulg.)
Shuster, shOs'tfer (Per.)
zh, aaire. French, rtle, bdt;
bldl, ne1if;
(78)
h, on. Qerman, th, naaht.
Shu
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
See
Shutargardan, 8ho'tar-gar"(ian (Afg.)
mt. pass
Siam, 86-am' or si-am' (As.)
Siberia, si-be'ri-a (As.)
Sibilla, se-bel'la (It.) mt.
Sicily, sis'i-li (It.) isl.
Siderno, se-dar'no (It.)
Sidlaw (Hills), sid'la (Scot.)
Sidmouth, sid'rauth (Eng.)
Sidra, se'dra (Af.)gr.
Siebenbiirgen, zeb'en-bQr-gen (Aust.)
Siebengebirge, ze'ben-ge-ber-ge (Ger.)
mts.
Siedlec or Siedletz, sed'lets (Pol.)
Siemrab, se-em'rab (Siam)
Siena, se-a'na (It.)
Sierra Leone, se-er'ra le-o'ne (W. Af.)
Sierra Nevada, se-er'ra ne-va' Tiia or
ne-va'da (Sp. and Calif.)
Sigmaringen ze6h-ma'ring-en (Ger.)
Sigrisweil, ze'gres-vil (Switz.)
Sigtuna, seg-to'na (Swe.)
Siguantanejo, se-gwan-ta-ne'cho (Mex.)
Siguenza, s6-gen'tha (Sp.)
Sihut, se-hut' (Ar.)
Sikoku, se-ko'ku (Jap.) isl.
Silesia, sl-le'shi-a (Aust.)
Silhet, sil-het' (Ind.) dist.
Silistri, se-lSs'tre (Bulg.)
Silistria, se-les'tre-a (Bulg.)
Silivri, se-l5'vre (Tur.)
Siljan, sel'yan (Swe.) I.
Simabara, s6-ma-ba'ra (Jap.)
Simancas, se-man-kas' (Sp.)
Simand, she-mond' (Hung.)
Simbirsk, sem-bersk' (Rus.)
Simcoe, sim'ko (Can.) I.
Simferopol, sem-fer-op'ol (Rus.)
Simla, sim'la (Ind.)
Simplon, sim'plon ; Fr. pron. san-plofi'
(Switz.)
Simusir, sS-mo-ser' (N. Pac.) isl.
Sinai, si'na (Ar.) mt.
Sinde, sind (Ind.)
Singapore, sing-ga-por' (Ind.)
Sing-Sing, sing'sing (U. S.)
Sinigaglia, se-ne-ga'lya (It.)
Sinjar, sen-jar' (As. Tur.)
Sinnamari, sen-na-ma-re' (Fr. Gui.)r.
Sinope, se-no'pa (As. Mi.)
Siout, se-ot' (Eg.)
Sioux, so (U. S.) r.
Siphanto, s5-fan't6 (Gr.) isl.
Sipotuba, sS-p6-to'ba (Braz.) r.
Sir-Daria, ser-da'rg-a (Cent. As.)r.
Sirhind, ser-hind' (Ind.)
Sir-i-Kol, ser-e-kor (Cent. As.) I.
Sir wan, ser-wan' (Per,)
Sisal, se-sal' (Mex.)
Siseboli, se-sa'bo-le (Tur.)
Sissach, zes'siich (Switz.)
Sisteron, ses-te-ron' (Fr.)
Sistova, ses-to'va (Bulg.)
Sitges, set'6hes (Sp.)
Sitka, sit'ka (Alaska) isls.
Sittingbourne, sit' ting-born (Eng.)
Sivana, se-va'na (Ind.) isl.
Sivas, se'vas (As. Tur.)
Siwah, se'wa (Eg.)
Sjnelland, syel'lan (Den.) ■
Skagastblstind, ska-ga-steul'sten (Nor.)
Skagen, ska'gen (Den.) c.
Skager-Rack, ska'ger-rak (N. Sea)
Skagit, skag'it (Brit. Col.) r.
Skalitz, shka'leta (Hung.)
Skanderborg, skan'der-borg (Den.)
Skaneateles, skan-e-at'les (U. S.)
Skaraborg, ska'ra-borg (Swe.) dist.
Skelleftea, skal-laf'ta-6 (Swe.)
Skelligs, skel'ligz (Ir.) isls.
Skerries, ske'riz (Scot. ; Ir.)
Skerryvore, sker-ri-vor' (^Hebrides)
Skiatho, ske'a-tho (Gr.) isl.
Skibbereen, skib-b6r-en' (Ir.)
Skiddaw, skid'da (Eng.) mt.
Skielskor, skels'keur (Den.)
Skopelo, skop'e-lo (Gr.) isl.
Skowhegan, sk6-he'gan (U. S.)
Skye, ski (Scot.) isl.
Sleaford, slg'ford (Eng.)
Sliebhbloom, slev-blbm' (Ir.) mts.
Sliebhdonard, slev-don'ard (Ir.) mt.
Sliedrecht, sle'dre6ht (Neth.)
Sligo, sli'go (Ir.) co.
Slough, slou (Eng.)
Sluis, slois (Neth.)
Smailholm, smal'um (Scot.)
Smethwick, smeTH'ik (Eng.)
Smichew, sme'6hev (Bohem.)
Smblen, smeti'len (Nor.) isl.
Smolensk, smo-lensk' (Rus.)
Smyrna, sm^r'na (As. Mi.)
Snafellsjokull, sna-fels-yeuk'ul (Iceld.)
mt.
Sneehaetten, sna'het-ten (Nor.) mt.
Sneeuwbergen, snyo'ber-gen(Cape Col.)
mts.
Snizort, Loch, lo6h sni'zort (Scot.)
Snohomish, sno-ho'mish (U. S.)
Snowdon, sno'den (Eng.)
Snyatin, snya'ten (Aust.)
Soar, sor (Eng.) r.
Soay, so'a (Scot.) isls.
Sobieslau, so-be-eslou (Bohem.)
Sobraon, so-bra'on (Ind.)
Socorro, so-kor'ro (U. S.; Mex.)
Socotra, so-ko'tra (Ind. Oc.) isl.
Socuellamos, so-ku-el-lya'mos (Sp.)
Fate, far, fat, fall; me, met, h6r, golden; pine, pin; note, not, move;
tub, bftll; oil, poiind; ch, cAain; g, go; j, job; y, yer, IH, then; th, thin;
(7*)
Sod
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Sta
Soderkoping or Soderkjoping, seu-der-
chetip'eng (Swe.)
Sodertelge, seu-dar-tal'ga (Swe.)
Soemanap, s6-ma-nap' (East. Arch.)
Soerabaya, so-ra-ba'ya (Java)
Soerakarta, so-ra-kar'ta (Java)
Soest, zost (Ger.)
Sofala, so-fa la (E. Af.) dist.
Sofia, so'fe-a (Bulg.)
Sognefjeld, Bog'na-fyel (Nor.)
Sognef jord, sog'na-fyor (Nor.)
Soham, so'ham (Eug.)
Sohar, so-har' (Ar.)
Soignies, swa-nye' (Bel.)
Soissons, swas-sofi' (Fr.)
Sokoto, 8ok'o-t6 (Cent. Af.)
Solana, so-ia'na (Sp.)
Solander, s6-lan'd6r (N. Zd.) isl.
Solent, so'lent (Eng. j sea
Solesmes, s6-lam'(Fr.)
Soleure, so-letir' (Switz.)
Solfatara, sol-fa-ta'ra (It. ) I.
Solferino, s6l-fa-r5'n6 (It.)
Solihull, s6-li-hul' (Eng.)
Solikamsk, so-le-kamsk' (Rus.)
Solingen, zo'ling-en (Ger.)
Solipaca, so-lg-pa'ka (It.)
Solofra, 80-l6'fra (It.)
Solola, 86-lo'la (Mex.)
Solothurn, s6l6-tbm (Switz.)
Solre le Chateau, solr 16 sha-to' (Fr.)
Solsona, s6l-s6'na (Sp.)
Solvesborg, setirvas-b6rg(Swe.)
Sol way, sol'wa (Scot.)
Somauli (Country), so-ma'le (E. Af.)
Sombrerete, som-bre-re'te (Mex.)
Somerset, sum'6r-set (Eng.)
Somersham, sum'6rz-ham (Eng.)
Somlyo, somlyd (Transyl.)
Sommariva, som-ma-rS'va (It.)
Somme, som (Fr.) dep. r.
Sommelsdijk, som'melz-dik (Neth.)
Sommiferes, so-me-ar' (Fr.)
Somnath or Somnauth, som-nat', som
nath' (Ind.)
Sondershausen, zon'derz-houz'en (Ger.)
Sondrio, son'dre-o (It.)
Sone, Soane, or Son, son (Ind.) r.
Songari, son-ga-rS' (China) r.
Song-ca, song-ka' (Anam) r.
Sonmeanee, son-ma-a'ne (Beluch.)
Sonoma, so-no'ma (U. S.)
Sonora, so-no'ra (Mex.)
Sonseca, sSn-seTca (Sp.)
Sonsonate, son-so-na'te (Mex.)
Soodan, sO-dan' (Af.)
Soerabaya, so-ra-ba'ya (Java)
Sophia, Bd'fe-a (Bulg.)
Sorata, 86-ra'tft (BoL) mt.
Sorel, 86-rer(Can.)
Soria, s6'r6-a (Sp.)
Soriano, so-re-a'no (It.)
Sorde, so'reu-e (Den.; Nor.) isl.
Sorrento, sor-ran'to (It.)
Sotto Marina, s6t't6 ma-re'na (It.) isl.
Soturba, so-tdrHba (Nubia) mt.
Soudan, so-dan' (Af.)
Souillac, sb-lyak' or sb-yak' (Fr.)
Soukgoum-Kale, sbk-gbm-ka-la' (Rus.)
Sourabaya, sb-ra-ba'ya (Java)
Sourdeval, sbr-de-val' (Fr.)
Sousa, sb'sa (Tunis)
Souterraine, La, la sb-ter-ran' (Fr.)
Southampton, south-amp' ton (Eng.)
Southend, south-end' (Eng.)
Southwark, south 'ark; colloquially
suTH'ark (Eng.)
Souvigny, sb-ve-nye'(Fr.)
Souzdal, sbz'dal(Ru8.)
Spa, spa; Fr. and Flemish pron. spa
(Bel.)
Spalatro, spa-la'tr5 (Aust.)
Spalding, spal'ding (Eng.)
Spandau, span'dou (Prus.)
Spangenberg, spang'en-berg (Ger.)
Spartel, spar'tel (Af .) c.
Spartivento, spar-te-van'to (It.) c.
Speier or Speyer. spi'er (Ger. )
Speightstown, spits'toun (W. Ind.)
Spessart, spes'art (Ger.) mts.
Spey, spa (Scot.) r.
Spezzia, spat'tse-a (Gr.) isl.
Sphagia, sfa-ge'a (Gr.) isl.
Sphakia, sfa-ke'a (Crete)
Spiez, spets (Switz.)
Spilsby, spilz'bi (Eng.)
Spinazzola, spf-nat'ts6-la (It.)
Spineto, spe-na'to (It.)
Spires (English name for Speier), spirz
(Ger.)
Spiridione, spg-re-de-o'na (Gr.)
Spitalfields, spit'al-feldz (Eng.)
Spithead, spit'hed (Eng.)
Spitzbergen, spets-ber'gen (Arc. Oc.)
Spliigen, splG'gen (Switz.) pass.
Spoleto, spo-la'to (It.)
Sporades, spoi-'a-dSz (Gr.) isls.
Spree, spra (Prus.) r.
Sprogbe, spro'geti-e (Den.) isl.
Squam, skwom (U. S.) I.
Squillace, skwel-la'cha (It.)
Srinagar, srg-na-gar' (Kashmir)
Stabio, 8ta'b6-6 (Switz.)
Stadacona, sta-dak'o-na (Can.)
Stadthagen, stafha-gen (Ger.)
Staeden, sta'den (Bel.)
Stagnone, sta-nyo'na (It.) isls
Stalimni or Stalimene, sta-lim'ne, sta-
lim'e-nS (Mg. Sea) isl.
Stalybridge, stali-brij (Eng.)
zh, azure. French, vtie, bflt; bl^, neuf; b, on.
(76)
German, th, nacAt.
Sta
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Sub
Stamboul, stara-bol' (Tur.)
Stampalia, stam-pa-lg'a (Gr.) isl.
Stampfen, shtamp'fen (Hung.)
Stancho, stan'ko (Gr.) isl.
Stanhope, stan'hop (Eng.)
Stanislaus, stan-is-lou' (Calif or.)
Stanmore, stan'mor (Eng. )
Stanovoi, stan'o-v6-e (As.) nits.
Stanstead, stan'sted (Eng.)
Stapleton, sta'pl-ton (Eng.)
Staraja Russa, sta-ra'yii ros'sa (Rus.)
Staritza, sta'ret-sa (Rus.)
Starkenbach, star'ken-ha6h (Bohem.)
Staro Constantinow, sta'ro kon-stan-te-
nof (Rus.)
Starodoub, sta-ro-dob'(Rus.)
Staten Isl., sta'ten (U. S.; Tierra del
Fuego)
Staubbach, stoub'bafih (Switz.)
Staunton, stan'ton (U. S.)
Stavanger, sta'vang-gax (Nor.)
Staveley, stav'li (Eng.)
Stavelot, sta-vc-16' (Bel.)
Stavenisse, sta've-nis-se (Neth.)
Stavoren, sta'vo-ren (JSTeth.)
Stavropol, stav'ro-pol (Rus.)
Stayley, sta'li (Eng.)
Steenkerque, stan'kerk (Bel.)
Steenwijkerwolde, stan - vi ' ker-vol - de
(Neth.)
Steep-Holmes, step'homz (Eng.) isl.
Steiermark, sti'er-mark (Aust.)
Steinach, stin'ash (Ger.) r.
Steinau, stin'ou (Ger.)
Steinfort, stin'fort (Neth.)
Stellenbosch, stel'len-bush (S. Af.)
Stelvio, stal've-o (Alps) pass.
Stenhouseniuir, sten'hous-niyor (Scot.)
Stepney, step'ni (Eng.)
Sternberg, starn'barg (Aust. ; Ger.)
Stettin, Stat- ten' (Prus.)
Stevenage, ste'ven-aj (Eng.)
Stevenston, ste'ven-ston (Scot.)
Steuben, styO'ben or styu-ben' (U. S.)
Stewarton, styu'art-on (Scot.)
Steyer, sti'er (Aust.)
Stikine, sti-kgn' (N. Am.) r.
Stilsserjoch, stel'ser-yoCh (Aust.)
Stinchar, stin'shar (Scot.) r.
Stirling, ster'ling (Scot.)
Stobnica, stob-net'sa (Pol.)
Stockholm, stok'holm (Swe.)
Stolbovoi, stol-b6'v6-e (Arc. Oc.) isl.
Stolwijk, stol'vik (Neth.)
Stonehaven, ston-ha'ven (Scot.)
Stonehenge, ston'henj (Eng.)
Stonehouse, ston'hous (Eng.)
Stoneykirk, sto'ni-k6rk (Scot.)
Stonington, sto'ning-ton (U. S.)
Storeheddinge, st6r-had'd6ng-a (Den.)
Stornoway, stor'no-wa (Scot.j
Storsjbn, stor'syetin (Swe) I.
Stotteritz, stent' te-rets (Ger.)
Stour, stour (Eng.) r.
Stourbridge, st^Pbrij (Eng.)
Stourport, st6r'p6rt (Eng.)
Stow, sto (Eng.; Scot.; U. S.)
Stowmarket, sto'mar-ket (Eng.)
Strabane, stra-bin' (Ir.)
Strachan, strau (Scot.)!ot.)'
Strachur, stra-6hur' (Scot.)
Stradella, stra-dal'la (It.)
Strakonitz, stra'ko-nets (Aust.)
Stralen, stral'en (Ger.)
Stralsund, stral'zont (Prus.)
Strambino, stram-be'no (It.)
Stranorlar, stra-noi-'lar (Ir.)
Stranraer, stran-rar' (Scot. )
Strasbourg (French name of Strass-
burg), stras-bor' (Ger.)
Strassburg, strUs'borg or stras'bbrch
(Ger.)
Stratford - upon - Avon , strat " f ord - u -
pon-a'ven (Eng.)
Strathaven, strath-a'vn, colloquially
stra'vn (Scot.)
Strathblane, strath-blan' (Scot.)
Strathbogie, strath-bo'gi (Scot.)
Strathearn, strath-6rn' (Scot.)
Strathfleldsaye, strath-feld'sa (Eng.)
Strathkinnes, strath-kin'nes (Scot.)
Strathmiglo, strath-mig'16 (Scot.)
Strathyre, strath-ir' (Scot.)
Strichen, stridh'en (Scot.)
Strijen, stri'en (Neth.)
Stromboli, strom'bo-le (It.) isl.
Stromness, strom-nes' (Scot.)
Stromoe, streum'eii-e (Faroe Isls.)i«Z.
Stronachlacher, stron - aCh - la6h ' 6r
(Scot.)
Stronsay, stron'sa (Scot.) isl.
Strontian, stron'shi-an ; locally, stron-
te'an (Scot.)
Strood, strbd (Eng.)
Stroud, Stroud (Eng.)
Stroud water, stroud'wa-t6r (Eng.)
Stubbekjbbing, stdb - be - kyeub ' eng
(Den.)
Stuhlweissenburg, stbl - vis 'en - borg
(Hung.)
Stuttgart, stut'gart (Ger.)
Stuyvesant, sti've-sant (U. S.)
Styria, stir'i-a (Aust.)
Suabia, swa'bi-a (Ger. )
Suaheli, su-a-ha'le (Af.)
Suakin, su-a'ken (Af.)
Subiaco, sub-e-a'ko (It.)
Subtiapa, sub-te-a'pa (Cent. Am.)
Fate, far, fat, fall; me, met, h6r, golden; pine, pin; note, not, move;
tub, bull; oil, pound; ch, c/taiu; g, go; j,joh; y, yes; tb., then; th, thin;
(78)
Sue
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Taf
Succadana, suk-ka-da'na (Borneo) diet.
Suchona, su-Cho'na (Rus.) r.
Sucre, sb'kre (Bol.)
Suczawa, so-cha'va (Aust.)
Sudbury, sud'be-ri (Eng.)
Sudetes, so-da'tas (Ger.) mts.
Sueca, su-e'ka(Sp.)
Suez, su'ez (Eg.)
Suffolk, suf'fok (Eng.)
Suippes, 8wep(Fr.)
Suir, shor (Ir.) r.
Suisun, su-g-son' (U. S.)
Sukkur, suk-kur' (Ind.)
Suledal, so'la-dal (Nor.)
Suliman or Sulaiman, su-li-man' (Afg.)
mt.
Sulina, so-le'na (Roum.) r.
Sulitjelma, so-let-yal'ma (Swe.) mt.
Sulmona, sol-mo'na (It.)
Sultanieh, sol-ta-ne'e (Per.)
Sulzbach, zdlts'bafh (Ger.)
Sulzer Belchen, sdl'tser bel'fihen (Ger.)
mt.
Sumanap, so-ma-njip' (East. Arch.)
Sumatra, sd-ma'tra (East. Arch.) isl.
Sumbawa, sdm-ba'wa (East. Arch.)
isl.
Sumbhulpoor, sum-bul-por' (Ind.)
Sumiswald, zo'mfs-valt (Switz.)
Sunart, suu'art (Scot.) inlet
Sunda, sun'da (East. Arch.) isls. st.
Sunderbunds, 8un'd6r-bunds (Ind.)
Sunderland, sun'd6r-land (Eng.)
Sungei-Ujong, sun-ge-i-d-jong' (Mai.
Pen.) dist.
Sungora, sun-go'ra (Siam)
Surat, sd-rat' (Ind.)
Surbiton, s6r'bi-ton (Eng.)
Surinam, sd-re-niim' (S. Am.)
Surrey, su'ri (Eng.)
Surtshellir, sdrts-hel'ler (Iceld.)
Suruga, su-rd'ga (Jap.)
Susquehanna, sus-kw6-han'na (U. S.)
Sussex, sus'seks (Eng.)
Sutherland, suTH'er-land (Scot.)
Sutlej, sut'lej (Ind.) r.
Suwalki, sd-val'ki (Rus.)
Suwanee, su-w^'ne (U. S.)r.
Suwarrow, sd-wiir'ro (S. Pac.) isls.
Svanike, sva'ng-ka (Den.)
Svartsjde, svart'syeu-e (Swe.)
Sveaborg, 8va'a-b6rg (Rus. )
Sverige, 8va'r6-ge (native name of
Sweden)
Swabia. See Suabia
Swaffham, swaf'am (Eng.)
Swale, swal (Eng.) r.
Swansea, swon'ze (Eng.)
Swan wick, swon'ik (Eng.)
Swatow, swtlf ou (China)
Sweaborg, sva'a-borg (Rus.)
Swedona, swe-do'na (XJ. S.)
Sweira, swe'ra (Mar.)
Swellendam, swel'en-dam (S. Af.)
Sweveghem, sva'va-gem (Bel.)
Swinemiinde, sve'ne-mtin-de (Prus.)
Swinford Regis, swin'ford re'jis
(Eng.)
Switzerland, swit's6r-land (Eur.)
Sydenham, sid'en-am (Eng.)
Sydney, sid'ni (Austral.)
Syene, si-6'ne (Eg.)
Syhoon, si-hdn' (As.) r.
Sylhet, sil-het' (Ind.)
Syra, se'ra (Gr.) isl.
Syracuse, si'ra-kydz (U. S.)
Syria, si'ri-a(As.)
Syrmia, ser'me-a (Aust.) dist.
Syzran, suz'ran (Rus. )
Szabadka, so-bod'ko (Hung.)
Szabolcs, sa'bolch (Hung.) co.
Szalad, so-lod' (Hung.)
Szamos, so-mosh' (Hung.) r.
Szasz Regen, sas ra'gen (Transyl.)
Szaszvaros, sas-va'rosh (Transyl.)
Szathraar, sot-mar' (Hung.)
Szczuczin, shchd'chin (Pol.)
Szegedin, seg^e-den (Hung.)
Szekely, sa-kaly' (Transyl.)
Szigeth, se'get (Hung.)
Szombathely, som-bo-taly' (Hung.)
Taasinge, to'seng-a (Den.) isl.
Tabarca, ta-bar'ka (Af.) isl.
Tabaria, ta-ba-re'a (Syr.)
Tabasco, ta-bas'ko (Mex.)
Tabatinga, ta-bii-ten'ga (Braz.)
Tabernas, ta-ber'nas (Sp.)
Taboa, ta-bo'a (Port.)
Taboga, ta-bo'ga (Col.) isl.
Tabreez or Tabriz, ta-l)rez' (Per.)
Tabria, ta'brg-a (W. Af.)
Tacarigua, ta-ka-re'gwa (Venez.) I.
Tacazze, ta-kat'sa (Abyss.) r.
Tachira, ta-ch6'ra (Venez.)
Taclagur, tak-la-gur' (Tibet)
Tacloban, tak-lo-l)iin' (Philip.)
Tacna, tak'nii (Chile)
Tacoai7, tu-ko-a-re' (Braz.) r.
Tacuba. ta-kd'ba (Mex.)
Tacunga, La, la ta-kdn'ga (Ecuad.)
Tadcaster. tad'kas-ter (Eng.)
Tadjurah. tad-jd'ra (E. Af.)
Tadousac, ta-dd-sak' (Can.)
Tafalla, ta-fal'lya(Sp.)
Tafelneh, ta-fal'ne (Mar.)
zh, azure.
French, vde, bttt; bl^, ncuf; fi, on.
(77)
German, ih, naeht.
Taf
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Tay
Tafllelt, ta-fg lelt' (Mar.)
Taganrog, ta-gjln-rog' (Bus.)
Taghkanic, tok'hon-ik (U. S.)
Taghmon, tadh'mou (Ir.)
Tagliamento, ta-lya-man'to (It.) r.
Tagliocozzo, ta-lyo-kot'tso (It.)
Tagodast, ta-go-dast' (Mar.)
Tagus, ta'gus (Sp.) r.
Tahiti, ta-he'te (S. Pac. Oc.) ul.
Tahoe, ta-ho' (Calif or.) I.
Tahura, ta-ho'ra (Sand. Isls.) isl.
Tain, tan (Scot.); taft (Fr.)
Taiyuenfoo, ti-yu-en'fo" (China)
Tajo (Spanish name of Tagus), ta'6ho
(Sp.)
Tajoora, tii-jo'ra (E. Af.)
Takhti Soleiman, tu6h'tS so -II -man'
(Afg.)
Ta-kiang, ta-ke-ang' (China) r.
Takinos, ta'k6-nos (Tur.) I.
Takow, ta-kou' (China)
Talanti, ta-lan'te (Gr.) ch.
Talavera de la Reina, ta-la-ve'ra de la
re-e'na (Sp.)
Talbot, tal'bot (U. S.)
Talcaguana, tal-ka-gwa'na (Chile)
Taliabo, talya'bo (East. Arch.) id.
Talicote, tale-kot (Ind.)
Talladega, tal-la-ds'ga (U. S.)
Tallahassee, tai-ia-has'sg (U. S.)
Tallahatchie, tal-la-hat'chg (U. S.)
Tallapoosa, tal-la-p6'sa (U. S.) r.
Tallarrubias, tal-lar-ro'be-as (Sp.)
Tamandar^, ta-man-da-ra' (Braz.) h.
Tamandua, ta-man'du-a (Braz.)
Taraar, ta'mar (Eng.) r.
Tamarugal, ta-raa-ro'gal (S. Am.)
Taraatave, ta-ma-tav' (Madag.)
Tamaulipas, ta-ma-u-lg'pas (Mex.)
Tambelan, tam-ba-lan' (East. Arch.)tsZ.
Tame, tam (Eng.) r.
Tamega, ta-me'ga (Sp.) r.
Tamiagua, ta-me-a'gwa (Mex.)
Tamlaght, tara-laght' (Ir.)
Tampico, tam-pe'ko (Mex.)
Tanadice, tan'a-dis (Scot.)
Tanaga, ta-na'ga (Aleut. Isls.) id.
Tanah, ta'na(Eg.)
Tanakeke, ta-na-ka'ka(Ea3t. Arch.)tsZs.
Tananarivo, ta-na-na-re'v6 (Madag.)
Tanaro, ta-na'ro (It.) r.
Tanderagee, tan-de-ra-ge' (Ir.)
Tanganyika, tan-gan-yg'ka (Af.) I.
Tangermiinde, tang'er-mtln-de (Prus.)
Tangier, tan-jgr' (Af.)
Tangipahoa, tan-ji-pa-ho' (U. S.)
Tanjore, tan-jor' (Ind.)
Taormina, ta-or-mS'na (Sic.)
Taos, ta'os, almost tons (U. S.)
Tapajos, ta-pa'zhos (Braz.) r.
Tapera, ta-pa'ra (Braz.)
Tapiai, ta-pe'se (S. Am.) r.
Tappanooly Bay, tap-pa-nolS ba (Sum-
atra)
Taptee, tap-te' (Ind.) r.
Taquari, ta-kwa^rg' (Braz.) r.
Tarakai, ta-ra-ki' (As.) id. and g.
Taranaki, ta-ra-na'kg (N. Zd.)
Tarancon, ta-ran-kon' (Sp.).
Taranto, ta-ran'to (It.)
Tarapaca, ta-ra-pa-ka' (Chile)
Tararua, ta-ra-rb'a (N. Zd.)
Taraacon, ta-ras-koh' (Fr.)
Tarasp, ta-rasp' (Switz.)
Tarawera, ta-ra-wa'ra (X. Zd.) I.
Tarazona, ta-ra-tho'na (Sp.)
Tarbagatai, tar-ba-garti' (China) dist.
Tarbert, tar'bfert (Scot.)
Tarbes, tarb (Fr.)
Tarbolton, tar-bol'ton (Scot.)
Tardenois, tar-de-nwa' (Fr.) dist.
Tarifa, ta-re'fa (Sp.)
Tarija, ta-re'6ha (Bol.)
Tarim, ta-rgm' (East. Turk.) r.
Tarn, tarn (Fr.)
Tarnopol, tar-no'pol (Aust.)
Tarnow, tar'no (Aust.)
Tarnowitz, tar'no- vets (Prus.)
Tarporley, tar'por-li (Eng.)
Tarragona, tar-ra-go'na (Sp.)
Tarrasa, tar-ra'sa(Sp.)
Tartary, tar'ta-ri (As.)
Tartas, tar-ta'(Fr.)
Tashkent, tash-kent' (Tart.)
Tashlidge, tashli-je (Bosnia)
Tasmania, taz-ma'ni-a (S. Pac. Oc.) isZ.
Tassisudon, tas-sg-so'don (Bhutan)
Taubate, ta-u-ba'ta (Braz.)
Taulignan, to-lg-nyon' (Fr.)
Taunton, tan'ton (Eng.)
Taunus, tou'nbs (Ger. ) mti.
Taupo, ta'u-p6 (N. Zd.) I.
Tauranga, ta-u-ran'ga (N. Zd.)
Taurida, tou'ri-da (Rus.)
Taurus, t&'rus (As. Mi.) mfe.
Tavannes, ta-van' (Switz.)
Taverna, ta-var'na (It.)
Taviano, ta-ve-a'no (It.)
Tavignano, ta-vg-nya'no (It.) r.
Tavira, ta-ve'ra (Port.)
Tavistock, tav'is-tok (Eng.)
Tavolara, ta-v6-la'ra (It.) id.
Tavoy, ta-voi', (Brit. Bur.) jwov.
Tawasthuus, ta-vasf hos (Rus.)
Tawrow, taf-rof'(Ru8.)
Tayabas, ta-ya'bas (East. Arch.)
Tayf, ta-ef (Arab.)
Taytao, ti-ta'6 (S. Am.) c.
Fate, far, fat, fall; me, met, h6r, golden; pine, pin; note, not, move;
tub, bull; oil, pound; ch, cAain; g, go\ j, job; y, yes; th, «Aen; th, fWn",
(78)
Taz
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
The
Tazeen, ta-zen' (Afg.)
Tazewell, taz'wel (U. S.)
Teh. Names beginning with this com-
bination see under Oh.
Teano, ta-a'no (It.)
Tebessa, ta-bas'sa (Alg.)
Tecolotlan, te-ko-lot'ian (Mex.)
Tecumseh, te-kum'se (U. S.)
Tees, tez (Eng.) r.
Teflis, tef-lgs' (Transcauc.)
Tegernsee, ta'gem-za (Ger.) I.
Tegucigalpa, te-go-sS-gal'pa (Hond.)
Teguise, te-g6'se (Can. Isls.)
Tehama, ta-ha'ma (Ar.); te-ha'ma
(Calif or.)
Teheran, te-he-rSn' (Per.)
Tehuacan, te-walsan (Mex.)
Tehuantepec, te-wan'te-pek (Mex.>
Teify, ti've (Wales) r.
Teign, tan (Eng.)r.
Teignmouth, tin'muth (Eng.)
Teith, teth(Scot.)r.
Tejent, ta-jent' (Per.) r.
Tejutia, te-6hot'la (Cent. Am.)
Tekama, te-ka'ma (U. S.)
Tel el Kebir, tel el ke-ber' (Eg.)
Tellicherry, tel-li-che'ri (Ind.)
Telugu, tel-o-go' (Ind.) peo.
Temacin, ta'aia-sin (Alg.)
Temascaltepec, te-mas-kal'te-pek
(Mex.)
Tembleque, tam-bleTce (Sp.)
Teme, t6m(Eng.)r.
Temerin, ta'ma-rin (Hung.)
Temes, ta-mesh' (Hung.)
Temesvar, ta-raesh-var' (Hung.)
Temiscaming, te-mis'ka-ming (Can.) I.
Temiscouata, te-mis-kij-a'ta (Can.) I.
Temnikow, tera-n5-kof' (Rus.)
Templemore, tem-pel-mor' (Ir.)
Templeuve, tah-pleuv' (Belg.)
Tenancingo, te-nan-sen'go (Mex.)
Tenasserira, te-nas'se-rim (Bur.)
Tenbury, ten'be-ri (Eng.)
Tenby, tenOji (Wales)
Tendra, ten'dra (Rua.) isl.
Tenedos, ta'na-dos (Tur.)
Teneriffe, ten-6r-if' ; Spanish, Tenerife,
te-ne-re'fe.
Tenes. ta'na8(Alg.)
Tenghistoun, ten-gis-tCn' (Per. )
Tengri Nor, tan'grg nor (Tibet) I.
Tenimber, ta-nem'ber(Ea8t. ATch.)utls.
Tennessee, ten-nes-sfi' (U. S.)
Tensift, tan-8€ft' (Maroc.) r.
Tenterden, ten't6r-den (Eng.)
Teora, ta-d'ra(It.)
Teotihuacan, teo-te-wftTcan (Mex.)
Tepic, te-p€k' (Mex.)
Teplitz, tep'lets (Bohem )
Tequamenon, te-kwam'e-non (U. S.)
Tequendama, te-ken-da'ma (Col.)
Tequia, te-kg'a (Col. )
Teramo, ter'a-mo (It.)
Terceira, tar-sa'6-ra (Azores) isl.
Tercero, ter-se'ro (S. Am.) r.
Terchova, tar-cho'vo (Hung.)
Terek, ta'rek (Rus.) r.
Tergovist, tar-go-vest' (Tur.)
Termini, tar'me-ne (It.)
Termoli, tar'mo-le (It.)
Tenuonde, tar-nion'da (Belg.)
Temate, tar-na'ta (East. Arch.) isU.
Terni, tai-'ne(It.)
Terracina, tar-ra-che'na (It.)
Terra di Lavoro, tar'ra de la-vo'ro (It)
Terrason, tar-ra-s6fi' (Fr.)
Terrebonne, ter-bon' (Can. ; U. S.)
Terregles, ter-reg'elz (Scot.)
Terre Haute, ter're hot (U. S.)
Terressa, tar-res'sa (Ind. Oc.) isl.
Ten'icciuola, ter-rech-u-o'lii (It.)
Teruel, te-ru-el' (Sp.)
Teschen, ta'shen (Aust.)
Tessin, tas-sen' (Switz.)
Testigos, tas-te'gos (S. Am.) isl.
Tetbury, tefbe-ri (Eng.)
Tete, ta'ta (E. Af.)
T6te Noire, tat-nwg.r' (Switz.) pass
Teterow, ta'ta-ro (Ger.)
Tete wan, tet-e-wan' (Mar.)
Tettenhall Regis, tet'ten-h^l rS'jis
(Eng.)
Tetuan, tet-u-an' (Mar.)
Teufelsbrlicke, toi'fels-brtik-ke (Switz.)
Teulada, ta-u-la'da (It.) c.
Teutoburgerwald, toi-to-bor ' ger-valt
(Ger.)m«s.
Tevere, ta'va-ra (It.) r.
Teverone, ta-va-ro'na (It.) r.
Teviot, te'vi-ot (Scot.) r.
Tewksbury, tyoks'be-ri (Eng.)
Texas, teks'as (U. S.)
Texel, teks'el (Neth.) isl.
Tezcuco, tes-ko'ko (Mex.)
Thame, tam (Eng.)
Thames, temz (Eng.) r.
Thanet, Isle of, than'et (Eng.)
Thann, tan (Fr.)
Tharanadt, ta'rft-n&t (Ger.)
Thaso, tha'so (JEg. Sea) isl.
Thaumaco, thou'mft-ko (Gr.)
Thaxted, thaks'ted (Eng.)
I Thaya, ta'ya (Aust.) r.
I Thayetmayo, tha-yet-nii'o (Bur.)
I Thebaid, the-ba'id (Eg.)
' Thebes, thebz (Eg.)
Theiss, tis (Hung.) r.
Therapia, thft-ra'pS-ft (Tur.)
There8ienstadt,ta-ra'z6-en-8tftt(Hung.)
zh. aznre.
French, vGe, btlt; bldi, nelif ; h, on.
(79)
German, 6h, nacAt.
The
PRONOXTNCING VOCABULARY.
Tla
Thermia, th6r'nie-a (Gr.) isl.
'Iherniopylae, th6r-mop'i-le (Gr.) pass
Thessaly, thes'sa-li (Gr.) prov.
Thetford, thet'ford (Eng.)
Thiagur, the-U-gur' (Ind.)
Thian-Shan, t5-an-shan' (Mongol.)
mts.
Thibet, ti-bet' (As.)
Thierachem, ter'ii-dhem (Switz.)
Thiers, te-ai-'(Fr.)
Thingvallavatn, teng-val-la-va't«n
(Iceld.) I.
Thionville, te-oft-vel' (Fr.)
Thirsk, th6rsk (Eng.)
Thisted, tes'ted (Den.)
Thiviers, te-ve-a' (Fr.)
Thogji Chumo, thog'je cho'mo (Cent.
As.) I.
Thomar, to-mar' (Port.)
Thone, to'ne (Ger.)
Thonex, t5-na' (Fr.)
Thonon, to-nofi' (Fr.)
Thorald, thor'ald (Can.)
Thorda, tor'da (Aust.)
Thorn, torn (Neth.; Prus.)
Thornaby, thor'na-bi (Eng.)
Thome, thorn (Eng.)
Thornhill, thorn'hil (Eng. ; Scot.)
Thomliebank, thorn'li-bangk (Scot.)
Thorbe, to'reu-e (Den.) isl.
Thorshalla, tors-hel'la (Swe. )
Thorshavn, tors-havn' (Faroe Isls.)
Thouars, to-ar'(Fr.)
Thourout, to-rbt' (Belg.)
Throckmorton, throk'mor-ton (XJ. S.)
Throndhjem, tron'yem (Nor.)
Thuin, tA-ah' (Belg.)
Than, ton (Switz.)
Thurgau, toi-'gou (Switz.)
Thiiringerwald, td'ring-er-valt (Ger.)
Thuringia, thyo-rin'ji-a (Ger.)
Thurles, th6rlz (Ir.)
Thurso, th6r'so (Scot.)
Tiago de Cacem, San, san te-a'go de
ka'seh (Port.)
Tia-Huanaco, te'a-wa-na"k6 (Bol.)
Tiber, ti'b6r (It.)
Tiberias, ti-be'ri-as (Syr.) I.
Tibesti, te-bes-te' (Af.)
Tibet, ti-bet' (As.)
Tibnron, te-bii-ron' (Hayti)
Ticao, te-ka'6 (East. Arch.) isl.
Tichbom, tich'born (Eng.)
Ticino, te-che'no (It.)
Ticonderoga, ti-kon-d6-r6'ga (IT. S.)
Ticul, te-kbl' (Mex.)
Tidenham, ti'den-am (Eng.)
Tideswell, tidz'wel (Eng.)
Tidore, te-dor' (East. Arch.) isl.
Tiene, te-a'na (It.)
Tien-pe, te-en-pe' (China)
Tientsin, ti-en'tsen" (Chinn)
Tiet^, te-a'ta (Braz.) r.
Tiflis, tif-les' (Transcauc.)
Tighnabruaich, ti-na-bro'afth (Scot.)
Tigre, te'gra (Mex.) r.
Tigr6, te-gra' (Abyss.) dist.
Tigris, ti'gris (Tut.) r.
Tijola, te-ftho'la (Sp.)
Til Afar, tel a-far' ?Tur.) ■
Tilbury, til'be-ri (Eng.)
Tillicoultry, til-li-kb'tri (Scot.)
Tilsit, tel'zet(Prus.)
Timbalier, tim-ba-ler' (U. S.) 6.
Timbuctoo, tim-buk'tb (Af.)
Timimoun, te-me-mon' (N. Af.)
Timok, t«-ni6k' (Tur.) r.
Timoleague, tini-6-lag'(Ir.)
Timor, te-moi-' (East. Arch.) st.
Timor-laut, te-mor-lout' (East. Arch.)
isl.
Tinchebray, tah8h-bra'(Fr.)
Tindaro, ten-da'ro (It.) c.
Tinfield, ten'fyel (Nor.) mts.
Tinhosa, tin-ho'sa (China) isl.
Tinnevelly, tin'ne-vel-le (Ind.)
Tinos, te'nos (Gr.) isl.
Tinto, ten't6(Sp.)r.
Tintwistle, tin'twis-el (Eng.)
Tioern, cheurn (Swe.) tsl.
Tioga, te-o'ga(U. S.)r.
Tiotbe, te-o'teu-e (Nor.) isl.
Tipitapa, te-pe-ta'pa (Cent. Am.) r.
Tippecanoe, tip-pe-ka-nb' (U. S.)
Tipperah, tip'e-ra (Ind.)
Tipperary, tip-p6-ra'ri (Ir.)
Tirajana, te-ra-6ha'na (Can. Islds.)
Tirano, te-ra'no (It.)
Tii'aspol, te-ras'pol (Rus.)
Tireboli, te-ra'bo-le (Tur.)
Tiree, ti-re' (Scot. ) isl.
Tirhoot, tir-hbt' (Ind.)
Tirlemont. terl-mon' (Belg.)
Tirnova, ter'no-va (Bulg.)
Tirschenreut, tersh'en-roit (Ger.)
Tirsi, ter'se (It.) r.
Tisza, te'so (Hung.) r.
Titano, te-ta'no (It.) mt.
Titchfleld. tich'feld (Eng.)
Titicaca, te-te-ka'ka (S. Am.) I.
Titlis, tet'les (Switz.) mt.
Tiumen, tyo'nien (Rus.)
Tiverton, tiv'er-ton (Eng.)
Tivissa, te-ves'sa (Sp.)
Tivoli, te'v6-le (It.)
Tizzana, t€t-tsa'na (It.)
Tjbrn, chetirn (Swe.) isl.
Tlalpam, tlal-pam' (Mex.)
Fate, far, fat, fall; me, met, h6r, golden; pine, pin; note, not, move;
tub, bull; oil, pound; ch, cAain; g, fjo; J, job; y, yes; th, then; th, thiu',
(SO)
Tla
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Tou
Tlalpujahua, tlal-po-6ha'wa (Mex.)
Tlamath, tla-math'(U. S.)r.
Tlascala, tlaa-ka'Ia (Mex.)
Tlemcen, tlam'seu (Alg.)
Tobago, to-ba'go (W. Ind.)
Tobarra, to-bar'ra (Pen.)
Tobermory, to-b6r-m6'ri (Scot.)
Tobol, to-bol' (Sib.) r.
Tobolsk, to-bolsk' (Sib.)
Toboso. to-bo'so (Sp.)
Tocantina, to-kan-tSns' (Braz.)
Tocat, to-kat' (Tur.)
Tocco, tok'ko (It.)
Tocuyo, to-ko'yo (Venez.)
Toddington, tod'ing-ton (Eng.)
Todmorden, tod-mor'den (Eng.)
Toggenbui^, tog'gen-borg (Switz.)
Toiros, to-e'ros (Braz.)
Tokat, to-kat' (Tur.)
Tokay, t5-ka'; Hurig. pron. to-koi'
(Hung.)
Toko-labo, to-ko-ia'bo (N. Zd.) h.
Tokyo, Tokiyo, to-kyo', to-ke y6'(Jap.)
Toledo, to-le'do; Span. pron. t6-le'TH5
(Sp.)
Tolentino, to-lan-te'nS (It.)
Tolima, to-le'ma (Col.) vole.
Tolkemit, tol'ka-met (Prus. )
Tolosa, t6-l6'sa ('Sp.)
Tolotlan, to-lot'lan (Mex.) r.
Toluca, t6-lo'ka (Mex.)
Tomaszow, to-ma-shof (Pol.)
Tombigbee or Tombeckbee, tom-big'bg,
tom-bek'be (U. S.)r.
Tombuctoo, tom-buk'to (Cent. Af.)
Tomelloso, to-mel-lyo'so (Sp.)
Tombs, teu-meush' (Transyl.) ^jass
Tonal, t6'nal(It.)
Tonawanda, to-na-w^n'da (U. S.)
Tondem, ton'dem (Den.)
Tondi, ton'dS (Ind.)
Tondo, ton'do (East. Arch.)
Toiigariro, tong-a-re'ro (N. 7A.)mt.
Tongatabu, ton-ga-taTib (Pac. Oc "■ isl.
Tongerloo, tong-er-16' (Bel.)
Tongres, tdfi'gr (Neth.)
Tonnay Charente, ton-na' 8ha-rolit'(Fr. )
Tonneins, t6n-nah'(Fr.)
Tonnerre, ton-nar' (Fr.)
Tonquin, ton-ken' (As.)
Tense or Tons, tons (Ind.) r.
Toola, tbaa (Rus.) govt; (B. Af.) isl.
andr.
Toombudra. tbm-bud'i* (Ind.)
Topeka, to-p6'ka (U. S.)
Tophana, tdp-ha'nft (Tur.)
Tbplltz, tetipaets (Bohem.)
Topolias, td-pdae-as (Or.) I.
Topolya, td-pol'yo (Hung.)
Topozero, t&-pd-za'rd (Bus.) I.
Topsham, tops'am (Eng.)
Torbay, tor-ba' (Eng.)
Torbiscon, tor-bes-kon' (Sp.)
Torcello, tor-chel'lo (It.)
Tordera, tor-de'ra (Sp.)
' Tordesillas, tor-de-sel-lyas' (Sp.)
j Torella, to-ral'la (It.)
I Torello, to-rel'lyo (Sp.)
Torgau, tor'gou (Prus.)
Torino, to-rS'no (It.)
Toritto, to-ret'to (It.)
Torjok, t6r-zhok' (Rus.)
Tormentine, tor-men'tin (N. Bruns.) c.
Tonnes, tor-mes' (Sp.) r.
Tornavacas, tor-na-va-kas'(Sp.)
Tomea, toi-'na-o (Swe.)
Tomolo, tor-no'lo (It.)
Toroczko, to-roch'ko (Aust.)
Tbrok, teii'reiik (Hung.)
Torontal, to-rOn'tal (Hung.)
Toronto, to-ron'to (Can.)
Toropetz, to-r6-pets'(Ru8.)
Torphichen, tor-fldh'en (Scot.)
Torquay, tor-ke' (Eng.)
Torquemada, tor-ke-ma'THa (Sp.)
Torralba, t6r-ral'ba (Sp.)
Torrao, tor-roufi' (Port.)
Torrecilla, t6r-re-th6l'lya (Sp.)
Torredembarra, tor-ra-dem-bar'ra (Sp.^
Torre joncillo, t6r-re-6h6n-theriy5 (Sp.)
Torremocha, tor-re-mo'cha (Sp.)
Torrenueva, tor-re-nu-e'va (Sp.)
Torres Vedras, tdr'ras va'dras (Port.)
Torrevieja, tor-re-ve-e'cha (Sp.)
Torridon, toi-'ri-don (Scot.) inlet
Torriglia, tor-re'lya (It.)
Torrijos, t6r-re'6h6s (Sp.)
Torrington, tor'ring-ton (Eng.)
ToiToella, tor-ro-el'Iya (Sp.)
Torrox, t6r-r66h' (Sp.)
Torrubia, tor-rb'bS-a (Sp.)
Torthorwald, tor-thor'wftld (Scot.)
Tortola, tor-to'la (W. Ind.) ia.
Tortona, tor-to'na (It.)
Tortosa, tor-to'sa (Sp.)
Tortsvar, tetirts-var' (Aust.)
Tortuga, tor-tb'ga (W. Ind.) ul.
Toscana, tos-ka'na (It.)
Toscanella, tos-ka-nal'la (It.)
Tostak, tds-tak'(Sib.)r.
Totana, t6-ta'na(Sp.)
Totma, tot-ma' (Rus.)
Totness, tot'nes (Eng.)
Totonicapan, td-to-ne-ka-pan' (Cent.
Am.)
Tottenham, tot'en-am (Eng.)
Tottington, tot'ing-ton (Eng.)
Touat, tu-at' (Af.) oagis
Toubouai. tou-bou-i' (S. Pac. Oc.) iilt.
Toul, tbl (Fr.) •
zh, azure.
(29(
French, vile, btkt; bl^. nelif; ix, on.
) (81)
German, 6h, nacAt.
F
Tou
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Tni
Toulcha, tbrcha (Roum.)
Toulon, to-l6fi' (Fr.)
Toulousain, to-lo-safi'(Fi*.)dMe.
Touloxise, to-loz' (Fr.)
Toumen, to-men' (Corea) r.
Toiiraine, to-ran' (Fr.) dist
Tourcoing, tor-kwftft' (Fr.)
Tour du Pin, la, la tor da pali' (Fr.)
Tourlaville, tor-la-vSl' (Fr.)
Tournai, tor-na' (Bel.)
Tournaisls, tor-na-86' (Fr.) dist.
Tournus, tor-ntl' (Fr.)
Tours, tor (Fr.)
Tourves, torv (Fr.)
Towcester, tous't^ (Eng.)
Towy tou'i (Wales), r.
Tracadie, trak'a-d5 (Nova So.)
Trachselwald, trach'sel-viilt CSwitz.)
Trafalgar, tra-fal-gar' (Sp,)c.
Traiskirchen, tris-kSr'fihen (Aust.)
Trajetto, tra-yat'to (It.)
Tralee, tra-ie' (Ir.)
Tramelan, tra'me-lan (Switz.)
Tramore, tra-mor' (Jr.)
Tranent, tra-nent'(Scot.)
Trani, tra'nS (It.)
Tranmere, tran'mSr (Eng.)
Tranque, tranTce (Chile) isl.
Tranquebar, tran-kwe-bar' (Ind.)
Transcaucasia, trans-k^-ka'shi-a (As.)
Transkei, trans-ki' (S. Af.)
Transvaal, trans-vai' (S. Af.)
Transylvania, tran-sil-va'ni-a (Aust.)
Trapani, tra'pa-ne (It.)
Trapano, tra'pa-no (Aus.) c.
Traquair, tra-kwar* (Scot.)
Traunstein, troun'stin (Ger.)
Trautenau, trou'te-nou (Bohem.)
Travancore, tra-van-kor' (lud.)
Travemiinde, tra-ve-mfln'de (Ger.)
Traverse, trav'6rs (Pr. Ed. Isl.) c.
Travinik, tra'vS-nck (Tur.)
Trebbin, trab'ben (Prus.)
Trebia, tra'bs-a (It.) r.
Trebinye, tra-bgn'ye (Herzeg.)
Trebisaccia, tra-b6-sat'cha (It.)
Trebitsch, tra'bech (Aust.)
Trebizonde, treb'i-zond (As. Mi.)
Trebujena, tre-b6-6he'na (Sp.)
Trecastagne, tra-kas-ta'nya (It.)
Trecate, tra-ka'ta (It.)
Trecenta, tra-chan'ta (It.)
Tredegar, tred'e-gar (Eng.)
Treguier, tra-ge-a' (Fr.)
Treignac, tra-nyak' (Fr.)
Treishnish, tresh-nish' (Scot.) isl.
Tremadoc, tre-mad'ok (Wales)
Trembowla, tram-bovia (Aust.)
Tremiti, tra'me-t€ (It.) isl
Tremont, tre-mont' (U. S.)
Tr6port, tra-por' (Fr.)
Treptow, trap'tof (Prus.)
Trescoe, tresTco (Eng.) isl.
Trets, tra (Fr.)
Treuenbrietzen, troi-en-bi*e'tsen (Prus.)
Trevandrum, tra-van'drum (Ind.)
Treves, trav (Ger.)
Treviglio, tra-ve'lyo (It.)
Trevigno, tra-v5'ny6 (It.)
Treviso, tra-ve'zo (It.)
Trevoux, tra-vo' (Fr.)
Treysa, tri'za (Ger.)
Tricarico, tre-ka-re'ko (It.)
Tricase, tre-ka'sa (It.)
Trichinopoly, tri-chi-nop'6-li (Ind.)
Trichoor, trg-chor' (Ind.)
Trient, trg-ent' (Aust.)
Trier, trSr (Ger.)
Trieste, tre-est'; Ital. pron. tre-as'ta
(Aust.)
Trigueros, tre-ge'ros (Sp.)
Trikkala, tr6k'ka-la (Gr.)
Trikkeri, trek'ke-re (Gr.)
Trincomalee, tren-kom-a-le' (Ind.)
Tringano, tren-ga'no (It.)
Trinidad, trin-i-dad' (W. Ind.)
Trinita, tr6-ne-ta' (It.)
Trinity, La, la trg-ne-ta' (W. Ind.)
Triora, tre-6'ra (It.)
Tripatoor, tre-pa-tbr' (Ind.)
Tripoli, tre'p6-lg (Af. ; Syr.)
Tripolis, tr6'p6-les (Syr.)
Tripolizza, tre-po-lfit'tsa (Gr.)
Tristan da Cunha, tres'tan da ko'nya
(S. At.) isls.
Triumpho, tre-om'fo (Braz.)
Trivaloor, tr5-va-lor' (Ind.)
Trobriand, tro-bre'and (S. Pac.) isl.
Trochtelfingen, tr66h-tel-feng'en (Ger.)
Troense, treti'en-sa (Den.)
Trogen, tro'gcn (Switz.)
Trois Riviferes, trw^ rg-vg-ar' (W.
Ind.)
Troitsk, tr6-etsk'(Rus.)
Trolhatta, trol-hat'ta (Swe.)
Tromoe, trS'meii-e (Nor.)
Tromsoe, tr6m'seu-e (Nor.)
Trondhjem, tron'yem (Nor.)
Troon, trbn(Scot.)
Tropea, tro-pa'S (It.)
Tropez, St., saft tr6-pa' (Fr.)
Troppau, trop'pou (Aust.^
Trossachs, tros'aks (Scot.)
Trouville, tro-vgl' (Fr.)
Trowbridge, trou'brij or tro'brij (Eng.)
Troyes, trw^ (Fr.)
Trsztenna, trs-tan'na (Hung.)
Trueyre, trd-ar' (Fr.)
Fate, far, fat, fall; me, met, h6r, golden; pine, pin; n6te, not, move;
tab, bull; oil, pound; ch, cftain; g, flfo; j, job; y, j/es; tr, then: th, thin;
(82)
Tru
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Ull
Trujillo or Tmxillo, tro-Cheiayo (Sp. ;
Span. Am.)
Truro, tro'rS (Eng.)
Trzemeszno, tzha-mash'no (Prus.)
Tsampaynago, tsam-pi-na'gO (Burm.)
Tsarskoe-Selo, tsar'sk6-a-8a-16" (Rus.)
Tschitscher Boden, chs'cher b6'den
(Aust.)
Tsiamdo, ts6-am'd6 (Tibet)
Tsikugo Uawa, tse-kd'go ga-wa (Japan)
r.
Tsitsikar, tsS-tsS-kar' (Manchoor.)
Tsong-gan-hien, tsong-gan-hyen' (Ch.)
Tsus-sinia, tsus-se'mii (N. Pac.) isls.
Tuam. to'am (Ir.)
Tuat or Twat, tu-at', twat (Af.)
Tubal, to-bal' (Chile) r.
Tubingen, tfllaing-en (Ger.)
Tucka]boe, tuk-a-ho' (U. S.)
Tuckerton, tuk'6r-ton (U. S.)
Tucopia, tb-ko'pe-a (S. Pac. Oc.) isl.
Tucuman, to-ko-man' (Arg. Con.)
Tudela, tu-THela (Sp.)
Tuejar, tu-e-ihar' (Sp.)
Tugela, ttt-gela (S. Af.) r.
Tuggurt, tug-gort' (Alg.)
Tukhti Suleiman, tuCh'tg su-li-man'
(Afg.) vit.
Tula, tola (Rus. ; China)
Tulare, tu-lar' (Calif or.)
Tullamore, tul-la-moi*' (Ir.)
Tullibardine, tul-li-bai-'din (Scot.)
Tulmaro, t^l-ma'ro (A'enez.)
Tumac-humac,to-mak-ho-mak'(S.Am.)
mts.
Tumat, td-mat' (Abyss.) r.
Tumbez, tomTjes (Peru)
Tunbridge, tun'bnj (Eng.)
Tunguragua, tdng-g^j-ra'gwa (Peru)r.
Tunguska. tun-gijs'ka (Sib.) r.
Tunis, tyd'nis(Af.)
Tunja. ton'fiha (Col.)
Tun stall, tun'stal (Eng.)
Tuparro, tb-par'ro (Col.) r.
Tupiza, td-p6'sa(Bol.)
Tuptmgato td-pbng-ga'to (Chile), mt.
Turbaco, tdr-baTco (CoL)
Txirin, tyu-rin' (Anglicized form of Ital,
Torino) (It.)
Turkestan, tdr-Kes-tan'(A8.)
Turkey, t6rlci (Eur.; As.)
Tumhout, Flemish pron. tum-hout';
Ft. pron. tOrn-d' (Bel.)
Turquino, tur-kc'no (Cuba) mt.
Turriff, tu'rif (Scot.)
Turukansk, td-rd-kansk' rSib.)
Tuscaloosa, tus-ka-ld'sa (U. S.)
Tuscany, tusTca-ni (Anglicized form of
Ital. Toscana) (It.)
Tuscarawas, tus-ka-rs'was (U. S.)
Tuscarora, tus-ka-rd'ra (U. S.)
Tuscumbia, tus-kumTbi-a (U. S.)
Tutbury, tut'be-ri (Eng.)
Tuticorin, tu-te-kor'in (Ind.)
Tutoya, td-td'ya (Braz.)
Tuttlingen, tvit'ling-en (Ger.)
Tuxtla, tdks'tla (Mex.)
Twickenham, twik'en-am (Eng.)
Twinholm, twin'om (Scot.)
Twyford, twi'ford (Eng.)
Tynemouth, tin'muth or tin'muth
(Eng.)
Tyimingharae, tin'ning-gara (Scot.)
Tyrol, te-rdl' (Aust.)
Tyrone, ti-ron' (Ir.)
Tysmienica, tes-myen-St'sa (Aust.)
Tzaritzin, tsar'et-seu (Rus.)
u.
Ubatuba, tt-ba-tdTja (Braz.)
Ubeda, d-be'THa (Sp.)
Ubrique, d-brS'ke (Sp.)
Ucayale, d-ka-yale (S. Am.) r.
Uddevalle, dd-da-val'lfi (Swe.)
Uddingston, ud'ings-ton (Scot.)
Udenhout, d'den-hout (Neth.)
Udine, d'dS-na (It.)
Udinsk, d-d6nsk' (Rus.)
Udvarhely, dd-var'haly (Hung.)
Ueberlingen, <i'ber-ling-en (Ger.)
Ueberlingersee, <i'ber-ling-er-za (Ger.)
Uebi^au, il'be-gou (Ger.)
Uerdingen, dr'ding-en (Prus.)
Uetersen, ti'ter-zen (Prus.)
TTetikou, <i'te-kou (Switz.)
Ufa, d'fa (Rus.)
Uffenheim, uf'fen-him (Ger.)
Uffington, uf'ing-ton (Eng.)
Uganda, ji-gan'da (Af.)
Ugie, d'gi (Scot.)
Ugijar, d-6he-ehar' (Sp.)
Ugocs, d-goch' (Hung.)
Uhricksville, yd'riks-vil (U. S.)
Ui, d-S' (Sib.) r«.
Uig, wig (Scot.) ial
Uintah, yij-in'ta(U. S.)
Uist, wist (Scot.) isl.
Uitenhage, yut'cn-hag (Cape Col.)
Uithuizen, oit-hoi'zen (Neth.)
UJiji, u-JS'je (Af.)
-var"(Hi
d-ke-rS'we (Af.) I.
UJiji, u-j
Ujvar, d'l
Ukerewe
'6-var" (Hung.)
Ukraine or Ukraina, \i-kran, d-kri'na
(Rus.)
Uleaborg, d'la-6-b6rg(Ru8.)
Ullasutai. d-lS-a-sd'ti (Alongol.)
Ullapool, ulla-pdl (Scot.)
zh, a^nre. French, yte, btlt;
bl^, ne\if ;
(83)
t, on. German, th, nacAt
tni
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Val
Ulloa, ol-lyo'a (Cent. Am.) r.
Ullsvvater, ulz'wft-ter (Eng.) I.
Ulm, dim (Ger.)
Ulricehamn, ol-re'sa-ham (Swe.)
Ulster. ul'8t6r (Ir.)
Ulundi, u-lon'dg (S. Af.)
Ulva, ul'va (Scot.) isl.
Ulverston, ul'vSr-ston (Eng.)
Umbagog, um'ba-gog (U. S.) I.
Umballa, um-baria(Ind.)
Umbrete, um-bre'te (Sp.)
Umbriatico, ora-bre-a'tS-ko (It.)
Umea, o'ma-o (Swe.)
Umhlatosi, ura-hla-to'se (S. Af.)
Umpqua, ump'kwg, (U. S.)
Umritsir, um-ret'sSr (Ind.)
Umtata, um-ta'ta (S. Af.) r.
Unst, unst(Scot.)isZ.
Unstrut, bn'strot (Prus.) r.
Unterseen, un'ter-za-en (Switz.)
Unterwalden, un'ter-val-den (Switz.)
Unyamwezi, \in-yam-we'zi (Af.)
Unyanyembe, un-yan-yem'be (Af.)
Upemivik or Upernavik, u-per'ni-vek
or u-per-na-vek (Greenld.)
Uphall, up-hal' (Scot.)
Upolu, o-p6-lo' (S. Pac.) id.
Upsala, op-sa'la (Swe.)
Ural, b-ral' (Rus.) mt, r.
Uralsk, o-ralsk' (Rus.)
Urbana, 6r-ba'na (U. S.)
Urbino, or-be'no (It.)
Uresino, o-ra-se'no (Jap.)
Urgub, or-gob'(Tur.)
Urgundab, ur-gun'dab (Afg.) r.
Uri, 6're (Switz.)
Urlingford, 6r'ling-f6rd (Ir.)
Umen, or'nen (Switz.)
Urquhart, 6i-'kart (Scot.)
Urseren, or'se-ren (Switz.) val.
Uruara, 6-ro-a'ra (Braz.) r.
Urubucuara, o-ro-bo-ku-a'ra (Braz.) r.
Urucaia, b-rb-ka'ya (Braz.) r.
Uruguay, ur'u-gwa; Span. pron. o-ro-
gwa'e (S. Am.) r.
Urumiyah, o-ro-me'ya (Per.)
Urup, o-rop' (N. Pac. Oc.) isl.
Usedom, o'ze-dom (Prus.) isl.
Ushak, b-shak'(Tur.)
Ushant, fi-shoii' (Fr.) isl.
Usingen, b'zing-en (Ger.)
Usinovsk, o-se-novsk' (Rus.)
Usk, usk(Eng.)
Uskub, os'kub (Tur.)
Usogo, n-so'go (Cent. Af.)
Uspallata, bs-pal-la'ta (S. km.) pass
Ussel, <is-sel' (Fr.)
Ustaritz, ils-ta-rets' (Fr.)
Ustica, bs't€-ka (It.) isl.
Ustiujna, ost-yozh'na ^Rus.)
Ustjug Veliki, ost-ybg^ va-le'ke (Rus.)
Ust Urt, bst ort (As.)
Usumasinta, b-sb-ma-sen'ta (Mex.) r.
Usurbil, b-sor-bel' (Sp.)
Utah, yo'ta (U. S.)
Ute, yut(U. S.)
Utelle, o-tal'la (It.)
Utica, yo'ti-ka(U. S.)
Utiel, b-te-al' (Pen.)
Utoe, o'teii-e (Swe.) isl.
Utrecht, b'tredht (Neth.)
Utrera, b-tre'ra (Sp.)
Uttoxeter, ut-toks'e-ter (Eng. )
Uxbridge, uks'brij (FJng.)
Uya, b'ya (Scot.) isl.
Uzbecks, uz'beks (As.)peo.
Uzel, fl-zel' (Fr.) )
Uzfes, A-zas' (Fr.)
Uznach, bts'na6n (Switz.)
V.
Vaagen, vo'gen (Nor.) isls.
Vaast, St., saft vas (Fr. ; Bel.)
Vadavate, va-da'va-ta (Ind.) r.
Vadisco, va-des'kb (It.)
Vadstena, vad-sta'na (Swe.)
Vaerdal, var'dal (Nor.)
Vagh Besztercze, vag bas-tar'tsa
(Hung.)
Vaglio, va'lyo (It.)
Vaigatz, vi-gats' (Rus.) isl.
Vaihingen, vi'hing-en (Ger.)
Valais, va-la' (Switz.)
Valdagno, val-da'nyo (It.)
Valdai, val-di' (Rus.) mts.
Valdemoro, val-de-mo'ro (Sp.)
Valdepefias, val-de-pe'nyas (Sp.)
Valderas, val-de-ras' (Sp.)
Valderrobres, val-der-ro'bres (Sp.)
Valdivia, val-de've-a (Chile)
Valdobbiadene, val-dob-be-a-da'na (It.)
Valenga, va-len'sa (Braz. ; Port.)
Valence, va-loiis' (Fr.)
Valencia, va-len'shi-a; Span. pron. va-
len'the-a (Sp.)
Valenciennes, va-Ioh-se-an' (Fr.)
Valentia, va-len'shi-a (Ir.)
Valenza, va-lan'tsa (It.)
Valenzuela, va-len-thu-e'la (Sp. )
Valeryen Caux, St., saft va le-re oii ko
(Ft.)
Valetta, va-let'ta (Malta)
Valhalla, val-haHa (Ger. )
Valladolid, val-lya-THo-leTn' fSp.)
Vallamartin, val-la-mar-teii' (Sp.)
Fate, far, fat, fall; me, met, h6r, golden; pine, pin; note, not, move;
tub, bull; oil, pound; ch, cAain; g, go; j, job; y, yes; th, </ieu; th, tAin;
(84)
Val
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Via
Vallay, val'la (Scot.) ul.
Valledulnio, viil-la-dormo (It.)
Vallegio, val-la'j6(It.)
Vallelunga, val-la-lon'ga (It.)
Valleiisole, val-lan-so'la (it.)
Vallerauge, val-le-rozh' (Fr.)
Vallier, St., sail Val-le-a' (Fr.)
Vallievo, val-le-a'vo (Servia)
Vallon, val-16fi'(I'r.)
Valognes, va-16'nye (Fr.)
Valois, va-lwa' (Fr.) dist.
Valona, va-16'na (Tur. )
Valparaiso, val-pa-ri'so (Chile)
V'alsequillo, val-se-kel'lyo (Can. Isls.)
Valteline, val-te-len' (It.; Switz.) dist.
Valtellina, val-tel-le'na(It. ; Switz.)dist.
Van Buren, van byu'ren (U. S.)
Vancouver's Island, van-ko'v6rz iland
(N. Am.)
Van Diemen's Land, van de'menz land
(S. Pac. Go.) isl.
Vanikoro, va-ne-ko'ro (S. Pac. Oc.) isls.
Vanua Valavo, va-niya va-la'v6 (Fiji)
isl.
Vaprio, va'pre-6 (It.)
Varanger Fiord, va-rang'er fyor (Nor.)
Varano, va-ra'iio (It.) I.
Vardoehuus, var'deu-ho8(Nor.)
Varela, va-ra'la (East. Arch.) isl.;
(Anam) c.
Varennes, va-ren' (Fr.)
Varese, va-ra'za (It.)
Varinas, va-re'nas (Venez.)
Varna, viir'nii (Tur. )
Vasarhely, va-shar-haly' (Hung.)
Vatersa, va't6r-8a (Scot.) isl.
Vathi, va'the(Gr.)wi.
Vaucluse, vo-klflz' (Fr.)
Vaucouleurs, vo-ku-leui-' (Fr.)
Vaud, vo (Switz.)
Vaiidreuil, vo-drol' (Can.)
Vaugirard, vo-zhe-rar' (Fr.)
Vauxhall, vftks-hal' (Eng.)
Vavao, va-va'o (Fiji) isl.
Vavitou, va'vi-to fS. Pac. Go.) isl.
Vazabarris, va-za-bar-res' (Braz.) r.
Veendam, van'dam (Neth.)
Veenendaal. va'nen-dal (J<eth.)
Vegesack, va'ge-zak (Ger.)
Veglia, valya (A dr. Sea) isl.
Vejer, ve-CheK(Sp.)
Vela»co, ve-ljis'ko (Arg. Con.) mts.
Velaur, ve-lar' (Ind.) r.
Velez, ve-leth'(Sp.)
Velha, va'lya (Braz.) mts.
Velikaia, va-le-ka'ya (Rus.) r.
Veliki Luki, va-lS'ke 16'k6(Ru8.)
Velino, va-lfi'nd (It.) r.
Velletri, val-la'trS(It.)
VeUore. vel-16r'(Ind.)
Velsique, val-sek' (Bel.)
Veluwe, ve-lb've (Xetli.) dist.
Vementry, vem'en-tri (Scot.) isl.
Venado, ve-na'do (Mex.)
Venafro, va-na'fro (It.)
Venaissin, ve-na-saii' (Fr.)
Vendue, von-da' (Fr.)
Vendonie, vofi-dom' (Fr.)
Vendotena, van-do-ta'na (It.) isl.
Veneria, va-na-re'a(It.)
Venezia, va-na'tse-a (It.)
Venezuela, ve-ne-thu-e'ia or ve-ne-su-
e'la (S. Am.)
Venice (Anglicized form of Ital. Vene-
zia), ven'is (It.)
Vennachar or Venachar, ven'na-6har
(Scot.) I.
Venosa, va-no'sa (It.)
Ventana, van-ta'na (Arg. Con.) mts.
Ventiraiglia, van-tS-m6'lya (It.)
Ventipur, ven-te-pbi-' (Ind.)
Ventnor, vent'nor (Eng.^
Venzone, van-tso'na (It.)
Vera Cruz, ve'ra kros (Span. Am.)
Veragua, va-ra'gwa (Col. )
Verbicaro, ver-bS-ka'ro (It.)
Vercelli, var-chrU'le (It.)
Verdun, var-dufi' (Fr.)
Vereja, va-ra'ya (Rus.)
Vergennes, v6r-jenz' (U. S.)
Verkhoyansk, ver-6h6-yansk' (Sib.)
Vermandois, var-mon-dw^' (Fr.)
Vermejo, ver-me'6ho (S. Am.) r.
Vemielho, var-ma'lyo (Braz.) r.
Vermont, v6r-mont' (IT. S.)
Vemeuil, var-neu-e' (Fr.)
Vemoux, var-no'(Fr.)
Vemoye, ver-no'ye (Sib.)
Verola, va-ro'la (It.)
Verona, va-ro'na (It.)
Versailles, ver-salz'; Fr. pron. var-
sal'lye or var-sa'ye (Fr.)
Verviers, var-vg-a' (Bel.)
Vervins, var-van' (Fr.)
Verzuolo, var-tsij-o'lo (It.)
Vescovato, ves-ko-va'to (It.)
V^soul, va-sdr(Fr.)
Vestervik, vas'ter-vek (Swe.)pt
Vesuvius, Vesuvio, ve-syb'vi-us, va-
zb'v6-6 (It.) mt.
Veszprim, vas'prem (Hung.)
Vetluga, vat-lb'ga (Rus.) r.
Vevay, ve-va' (Switz.)
V^zfere, va-zar' (Fr.) r.
Vezzano, vat-tsa'no (It.)
Viadana, ve-a-da'na (It.)
Viamilo, v6-a-moufi' (Braz.)
Viana, v5-a'na (Sp.)
Vianen, v6-a'nen (Hoi.)
Vianna, ve-an'na (Port.)
zh, azure. French, vOe, btkt; bl.^. mut; fi, on. German, Ch, nac/it.
(296) (86) Fl
Via
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Vol
Viatka, ve-at'ka (Rus.)
Viazma, ve-az'ma (Rus.)
Viazniki, ve-az-ne'ke (Rus. )
Viborg, ve'borg (Den. ; Finld.)
Vicente, ve-then'te (Sp.)
Vicenza, ve-chan'tsa (It.)
Vichada, ve-cha'da (Col.) r.
Vichera, ve-cha'ra (Rus.) r.
Vichy, ve-sh5' (Fr.)
Vicksburg, viks'b^rg (U. S.)
Vicomarino, ve-ko-ma-re'no (It.)
Victoria Nyanza, vik-to'ri-a nyan'za
(Af.) I.
Vidauban, ve-do-boli' (Fr. )
Vidigueira, vS-de-ga'e-ra (Port.)
Vienna, vS-en' (Fr.)
Vieque, ve-e'ke (W. Ind.) id.
Vierlande, fer'lan-de (Ger.)
Vierlingsbeek, ver'lings-bak (Neth.)
Vierwaldstattersee,f5r'wald-3tet"ter-za
(Switz.) I.
Vierzon, vg-ar-zoh' (Fr.)
Viesbachhorn, fesTjaeh-hom (Switz.)
mt.
Viesti, ve-as'tg (It.)
Vietri, vg-a'tre (It.)
Vigevano, T6-ja-va'n6 (It.)
Viggianello, ve-ja-nallo (It.)
Viggiano, ve-ja'no (It.)
Vigia, ve-zhe'a (Braz.)
Vignola, v6-ny6'la (It.)
Vigo, v6'g6 (Rus. ; Sp.)
Vigone, ve-go'na (It.)
Viguera, ve-ge'ra (Sp.)
Viguzzolo, v6-got'ts6-l6 (It.)
Vilagos, ve-lo-gosh' (Hung.)
Vilaine, vg-lan' (Fr.) r.
Vilcabamba, v6l-ka-bam'ba (S. Am.)
Vilcomayo, v5l-ko-mi'y6 (S. Am.) r.
Villacarrillo, vel-lya-ka-rellyo (Sp.)
Villach, vel'laCh(Au8t.)
Villafames, v6l-lya-fa'mes (Sp.)
Villafranca, vgl-lya-franTca (Sp.); vel-
la-fran'ka(It.)
Villahermosa, vel-lya-er-mo'sa (Sp.)
Villajoyosa, v6l-lya-6ho-yo'sa (Sp.)
Villalon, vel-lya-lon' (Sp.)
Villamiel, vel-lya-me-el' (Sp.)
Villanova, vel'la-no'va (It. ; Braz.)
Villanueva, vel-lya-nu-e'va (Sp.; Mex.)
Villanuova, vel-la-nu-o'va (It.)
Villar, vel-lyar'(Sp.)
Villaramiel, vel-lya-ra-me-el' (Sp.)
Villareal, vel-lya-re-al' (Sp.)
Villares, vel-lya-res' (Sp.)
Villarobledo, vel-lya-ro-ble'THo (Sp.)
Villaroyo, vel-lya-ro'yo (Sp.)
Villarubia, vgl-lya-ro'b5-a (Sp.)
Villaviciosa, vel-lya-vg-the-6'sa (Sp.)
Villedieu, vel-de-eu' (Fr.)
Villefranche, v6l-frofish' (Fr.)
Villena, vel-lye'na (Sp.)
Villenauxe, vel-noks' (Fr. )
Villeneuve, v6l-netiv' (Switz. ; Fr.)
Villers, vel-lya' or ve-ya' (Bel.)
Villers-Coter§ts, ve-ya-ko-te-ra' (Fr.)
Vilna, vel'na (Rus.)
Vilshofen, fels'h6-f«n (Ger.)
Vilvorde, vel-vor'da (Bel.)
Vimeira, vS-ma'e-ra (Port.)
Vimieiro, vS-me-a'e-ro (Port.)
Vimoutiers, ve-mo-t6-a' (Fr.)
Vinaroz, v5-na-r6th' (Sp.)
Vincennes, van-san' (Fr.)
Vincent, St., sant, colloquially sint.
vin'sent (W. Ind.) isl.
Vindhya, ven'dhya (Ind. ) mfs.
Vingurla, vin-gur'la (Ind.)
Vinkeveen, vin'ke-van (Neth.)
Vinkovcze, ven-kov'tsa (Aust.)
Vintimiglia, ven-te-me'lya (It.)
Virginia, ver-jin'i-a(U. S.)
Visby, ves'bti (Swe.)
Viseu, ve-sa'u (Port.)
Vistula, vis'tyu-la (Pol.; Ger.) r.
Vitebsk, ve-tabsk' (Rus.)
Viterbo, ve-tar'bo (It.)
Viti Levu, ve-te' le-vo' (Fiji) id.
Vitolano, ve-t6-la'no.(It.)
Vittoria, vg-to'rg-a (Sp.)
Vivarais, ve-va-ra' (Fr.) dist.
Vivel, ve-vel' (Sp.)
Vivero, ve-ve'r6(Sp.)
Viviers, ve-ve-a' (Fr.)
Vizagapatam, ve-za-ga-pa-t&m' (Ind.)
Vizianagram, ve-zg-a'na-gram (Ind.)
Vizzini, vet-tse'ne(It.)
Vlaardingen, vlar'deng-en (Bel.)
Vladimir, vla'de-mer(Rus.)
Vlieland, rle'lant (Neth.)
Vlijraen, vli'men (Neth.)
Vlissingen, vles'sing-en (Neth.)
Vogatza, v6-gat'sa (Tur. ) r.
Vogelberg, fo'gel-berg (Ger.) mt.
Voghera, v6-ga'ra (It. )
Vogogna, vo-go'nya (It.)
Vohringen, feu'ring-en (Ger.)
Voigtland, f6'e6ht-lant (Ger.) did.
Voiron, vwg-ron' (Fr.)
Vojutza, v6-jot'za (Tur.) r.
Volcano, vol-ka'no (Pac. Oc.) ids.
Volga, vol'ga ^Rus.)r.
Volhynia, vol-lii'ne-a (Rus.)
Vollenhove, vol-len-ho've (Neth.)
Vologda, v6-16g'da(Rus.)
Volpiano, v61-pe-a'n6 (It.)
Volta, v61'ta(It.; W. Af.)
Volterra, vol-tar'ra (It.)
Fate, far, fat, fall; me, met, h6r, golden; pine, pin; note, not, move;
tub, bull; oil, pound; ch, c^ain; g, go\ j, job; y, yes; th, «/ten; th, thva;
(86)
Vol
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Wei
Volturara, vol-tu-ra'ra(It.)
Voltumo, ¥61-101^00(11.)^
Vol vie, vol-vek' (Fr.)
Vonitza, fo-net'sa (Gr.)
Voortschoten, vor-s(5h6't«n (Neth.)
Vorarlberg, f6r-arl'berg(Aust.) dist.
Voreppe, v6-rap'(Fr.)
Vorona, v6-r6'na (Rus.) r.
Voronej, v6-ro'nezh (Rus.)
Voronetz, v6-ron'ets (Rus.)
Vosges, vozh (Fr.)
Vostitza, f6s-tet'za (Gr.)
Vostochni, vos-to6h'ne (Sib.) c.
Vouziers, vo-ze-a' (Fr.)
Vrana, vi-a'na (Tur.)
Vreden, fra'd^n (Ger.)
Vreeswijk, vras'vik (Xeth.)
Vriesenveen, vre'zen-van (Neth.)
Vriesland, vrez'lant (Neth.)
\ ryburg, fri'burg (S. Af.)
Vukovar, vo-ko-var' (Aust.)
Vulcano, vol-ka'no (It.) isl.
Vuoxen, vo-oks'eu (Finld.) r.
Vusitrin, vo-se'tren (Tur.)
Vytegra, vu-ta'gra (Rus.)
w.
Waalwljk, vai'vik (Neth.)
Wabash, w^Tjash (U. S.), r.
Waday, wa-di'(Cent. Af.)
Wad Medina, wad ma-de'na (Eg.)
Waereghem, va're-gem (Belg.)
Waerschoot, var'sdliot (Belg.)
Wageniugen, va'ge-ning-en (Neth.)
Wagram, va'gram (Aust.)
Wah-el-Baharieh, wa-el-ba-ha-r5'e (Eg.
Wah-el-Dakhileh, wa-el-da'<ihe-le (Eg.
Wah-el-Ferafreh, wa-el-fe-raf 're (Eg. )
Wah-el-Kharijeh, wa-el-cha'ri-je (Eg.)
Wahleren, vale-ren (Switz.)
Wateatch, wa-sach' (U. S.) mts.
Waiblingen, vi'bling-en (Ger. )
Waidhofen, vidTio-fen (Aust.)
Waigatz, vi-gats' (Rus.) isl.
Waigeou, vi-ge-o' (East. Arch.) isl.
Waikato, wa-e-ka'to (N. Zd.)r.
Waitemata, wa-e-ta-ma'ta (N. Zd.)
Waitzen, vit'tsen (Aust.)
Wakatipu. wa-ka-te'po (N. Zd.) I.
Wakefield, wak'fSld (Eng.)
Wakenltz, va'ke-u6t8(Ger.)r.
Walachia, or Wallachia, wft-l&'kl-a
(Eur.)
Walcheren, vai'fthe-ren (Neth.)
Walcourt, viil-kor' (Bel.)
Waldeck, val'dek (Ger.)
Walden, Saffron, saffron warden (Eng.)
Waldenburg, val'den-bbrg (Ger.)
Waldlieim, vald'him (Ger.)
Waldshut, valdz'hot(Ger.)
Walla Walla, wolla wol'la (U. S.)
Walldiiren, val'dii-ren (Ger.)
Wallenstadt, val'len-stat (Switz.)
Wallingford, wolling-ford (Eng.)
Walloostook, wol-lus-tuk' (N. Am.) r.
Wallsend, w^lz-end' (Eng.)
Walmer, wfti'mfer (Eng.)
Walney, wal'ni (Eng.) isl.
Walsall, wal'sal(Eng.)
Waltershausen, val'terz-houz-en (Ger.)
Waltham, wol'tham (Eng.)
Walthamstow, wol'tham-sto (Eng.)
Walton, wal'ton (Eng.)
Walvisch Bay, wal'fish ba (S. Af.)
Walworth, wal'wifertn (Eng.)
Wandiwash, wan-di-wash' (Ind.)
Wandsworth, wandz'werth (Eng.)
Wanganui, wan-ga-nb'e (N. Zd.)
Wangari, wan-ga're (N. Zd.) b.
Wangeroog, vang'e-rog(Ger.) is?.
Wanjanga, wan-jang'ga (Af.)
Wantage, won'taj or won'tij (Eng.)
Wapakoneta, wa-pa-ko-net'a (U. S.)
Wappatoo, wap-pa-to' (U. S.) isl.
Wapping, wop'ing(Eng.)
Warasdin, va'ras-den (Aust.)
Warburton, worHofer-ton (Austral.) r.
Warendorf, va'ren-dorf (Prus.)
Wargela, war'ge-la (Alg.) oasis
Wark worth, wark'w6rth (Eng.)
Warminster, W3,r'min-st6r(Eng.)
Warree, war-re' (Cent. Af.)
Warrenpoint, wor'ren-point (Inl.)
Warrington, wor'ring-ton (Eng.)
Warsaw, war'sa; Polish, Warszawa,
var-sha'va(Pol.)
Wartenburg, var'ten-borg (Prus.)
Warwick, war'rik (Eng.)
Washita, wosh'i-tg, (U. S.)
Wasmes, vam (Bel.)
Wasungen, va'zung-en (Ger.)
Waterbury, wa't6r-be-ri (U. S.)
Waterford, wft't6r-ford (Ir.)
Waterhead, wft't6r-hed(Eng.)
Wateringen, va'te-ring-en (Neth.)
Waterloo, wa-t6r-ld'; Flemish pron.
va-ter-16'(Bel.)
Watseka, wot-se'ka (U. S.)
Wavertree, wa'v6r-tre (Eng.)
Wazan, wa-zan' (Mar.)
Weald, The, thu weld (Eng.)
Wear, wer (Eng.)r.
Wednesbury, wenz'be-ri (Eng.)
Weedon, we'don(Eng.)
Weggis, vag'ges (Switz.)
Weighton Market, wa'ton mSr'ket
(Eng.)
zh, amre. French, rfte, bdt;
bl^, netif;
(87)
b, on. German, th, nacAt.
Wei
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Wis
Weihien, wa-hyen' (China)
Weikersheim, vi'kerz-him (Ger.)
Weimar, vi'mar (Ger.)
Weissenburg, vis'sen-borg (Switz. and
Ger.)
Weissenfels, vis'sen-fels (Prus.)
Weiasenhorn, vis'sen-horn (Switz.)
Weisskirchen, via'kSrch-en (Hung.)
Welland, wel'land (Eng. ; Can.)
Wellingborough, wel'ling-bu-ru (Eng.)
Wellington, wel'ling-tou (N. Zd. &c.)
Wells, welz (Eng.)
Welshpool, welsh'pol (Wales)
Weltevreden, vel'te-vra-den (Java)
Wemyss, wemz (Scot.)
Wener, va'ner (Swe.) /.
Wenersberg, va'nerz-berg(Swe.)
Wengem, weng'eni (Switz.)
Wenham Lake, wen'am lak (U. S.)
Wenona, we-no'na (U. S.)
Wentworth, went'w6rth (Eng.)
Were j a, va-ra'ya(Ru8.)
Wernigerode, var-ne-ge-ro'de (Prus.)
Wertheira, vart'him (Ger.)
Wervick, var'vgk (Belg.)
Weael, va'z«l (Ger.)
Weser, va'zer (Ger.) r.
Wesijegonsk, va-se-ya-gonsk' (Rus.)
Wessel, wes'sel (Austral.) isls. i
Westbury, west'be-ri (Eng.)
Westeras, vas'te-ros (Swe.) I
Westerbotten, vas'ter-bot-ten (Swe.) ■
Westerwald, vas'ter-valt (Ger.) mts. I
Westnieath, west-meTH' (Ir.) !
Westminster, west'min-stfer (Eng.) i
Westmoreland, west'mor-land (Eng.)
Westoe, wes'to (Eng.)
Weston - super - Mare, wes'ton-syu-per
ma"re(Eng.)
Westphalia, west-fa'li-a; Ger. West
phalen, vast-fa'len (Ger.)
Westruther, west'ruTH-er (Scot.)
Westzaan, vest'zan (Neth.)
Wetherby, welH'er-bi (Eng.)
Wetter, vet'ter (Swe.) «.
Wetteren, va.t'te-r«n (Bel.)
Wetterhorn, vat'ter-hom (Switz.)
Wetzlar, vats'lar (Ger.)
Wevelghem, va'vel-gem (Bel.)
Wexford, weks'ford (Ir.)
Wexio, vek'sh5-eu (Swe.)
Wey, wa (Eng.)r.
Weymouth, wa'muth (Eng.)
Whalsey, hwal'si (Scot.) isl.
Whampoa, hwam-po'a (China)
Wharf e, hwarf (Eng.)r.
Whitby, hwit'bi (Eng.)
Whitehaven, hwlt'ha-vcn (Eng.)
Whithorn, hwit'horn (Scot.)
Whitstable, hwit'sta-bl(Eng.)
Whittlesey, hwit'tel-si (Eng.)
Whydah, hwi'da (W. Af.)
Wiborg, ve'borg (Den. ; Rus.)
Wicklow, wik'lo (Ir.)
Wicomico, wi-kom'i-ko (U. S.)
Widdin, ved'den(Bulg.) tn.
Wieliczka, ve-lech'ka (Aust. Gal.)
Wien (Vienna), ven (Aust.)
Wienerwald, ve'ner-valt (Aust.) mts.
Wieprz, vyeprzh (Rus.) r.
Wiesbaden, vez'ba-den (Ger.)
Wigan, wig'an (Eng.)
Wight, wit(Eng.)i«i.
Wigton, Wigtown, wig'ton (Scot. ; Eng.)
Wijchen, vi'6hen (Neth.)
Wijk, vik (Neth.)
Wildbad, velt'bat(Ger.)
Wildenfels, vel'den-fels (Ger.)
Wildungen, v6rd\ing-en (Ger.)
Wilhelmsburg, vel'helms-bbrg (Ger.)
Wilkesbarre, wilksHjar-re (U. S.)
Willamette, wil-la'met (U. S.) r.
Willemstad, vel'lem-stad (Neth.)
Willesden, wil'lez-den (Eng.)
Willoughby, wil'lo-bi (U. S.)
Wilmington, wil'ming-ton (U. S.)
Wilna, vel'na (Rus.)
Wimbledon, wim'bel-don (Eng.)
Wimmera, wim-mg'ra (Austral.)
Wincanton, win'kan-ton (Eng.)
Winchcombe, winsh'kom (Eng.)
Winchelsea, win'chel-se (Eng.)
Winchester, win'ches-t6r (Eng.)
Windermere, win'd6r-mer (Eng.) I.
Windischgratz, ven'desh-grets (Aust.)
Windsor, wind'zor (Eng.)
Winlaton, win'la-ton (Eng.)
Winnebago, win-ne-ba'go (U. S.) I.
Winnenden, ven'nen-den (Ger.)
Winnepesaukee, win - ne - pe - sg ' ke
(U. S.) i.
Winnipeg, win'ni-peg (N. Am.) I.
Winnipegoos or Winnipegosis, win'ni-
pe-gbs, win-ni-pe-go'sis (N. Am.) I.
Winnipiseogee, wiu-ne-pe-se-6'ge (U. S.)
Winona, wi-no'na (U. S.)
Winschoten, ven-s6ho'ten (Neth.)
Winterthur, ven'ter-tor (Switz.)
Wipper, vep'per (Ger.) r.
Wipperfurth, vep'per-fort (Ger.)
Wirksworth, w6rks'w6rth (Eng.)
Wisbeach, wiz'hech (Eng.)
Wisby, vesTja (Swe.)
Wisconsin, wis-kon'sin (U. S.)
Wisehau, v6'ze-hou (Aust.)
Wishaw, wish'a (Scot.)
Wisloka, ve-slo'ka (Aust. Gal.) r.
Fate, far, fat, f^U; me, met, h6r, golden; pine, pin; note, not, move;
tub, bull; oil, pound; ch, c/iaiu; g, gro; j, job; y, j/es; TH, «/ien; tli, «/iin;
(88)
Wis
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Yaq
Wismar, vez'mar (Ger.)
Wissembourg (French name of Weis-
senburg), ves-son-bor' (Ger. )
Withani, with'am (Eng.)r.
Wittelsbach, vet'telz-ba6h (Ger.)
Wittenberg, vet'ten-berg (Prus.)
AVittgenstein, ^it'gen-stin (S. Pac.) ial.
Wittichenau, vet'te-6he-nou (Prus.)
Wittingen, vet'ting-en (Ger.) j
Witzenhausen, vet's<?n-houz-en (Ger.)
Wiveliscombe, wil'skum (Eng.)
Wladimir, vla'de-nier (Rus.)
Woburn, wo'bern (Eng.)
Wodnian, vod'ne-an (Aust.)
Wohlau, vo'lou (Prus.)
Woking, wo'king (Eng.)
Wokingham, wo'king-ham (Eng.)
Wolborough, wol'bu-ru (Eng.)
Wolfenbuttel, vol'fpn-btlt-tcl (Ger.)
Wolfratshausen,v61'frats-houz-en(Ger.)
Wulga, vol'ga (Kus.) r.
WoUaston, wol'las-ton (N. Am.)
Wollerau, vol'le-rou (Switz.)
Wollin, vol'len (Prus.)
Wollishofen, vol'les-hof-en (Switz.)
WoUomba, wol-lom'ba (Austral.) r.
Wollongong, w61-lon-gong' (Austral.)
Wolstanton, wul-stan'ton (Eng.)
Woluwe, vo-lQ'va (Bel.)
Wolverhampton, w\}l - v6r - hamp ' ton
(Eng.)
Wolverley, wul'ver-li (Eng.)
Wolverton, wul'v^r-ton (Eng.)
Wonibwell, wom'bel (Eng.)
Woodstock, w^d'stok (Eng.)
Wooler, wul'6r (Eng.)
Woolly a, wbHya (S. Am.)
Woolwich, wyl'ich (Eng.)
Woonsocket, won-sok'et (U. S.)
Woosue, wo-8\i-a' (China)
Wootton Basset, wb'tcn bas'set (Eng.)
Worcester, wbs't6r (Eng.)
Workington, w6rk'ing-ton (Eng.)
Worksop, w6rk'sop (Eng.)
Wormel d i ngen , vor-mel'dnig-en (Neth. )
Wormhoudt, v6rm-hb' (Fr.)
Worms, vormz (Ger.>
Worsborough, wers'bu-ru (Eng.)
Worsley, wfers'le (Eng.)
Worth, veurt (Ger.)
Worthing, wfer'THing (Eng.)
Wortley, w6rt'li (Eng.)
Woudrichem, vou'dr6-6hem (Neth.)
Wouw, vouv(Neth.)
Woznesensk, voz-na-sansk' (Rus.)
Wrangell Land, rang'gel land (Arc. Oc.)
Wrekin, rek'in (Eng.)
Wrexham, reks'am (Eng.)
Wnttle, rit'tl (Eng.)
Wrockwardine, rok-wftr'din (Eng.)
Wulur, wu-lbr' (Ind.) I.
Wunsiedel, vbn'ze-del (Ger.)
Wunzendake, wvin'zen-da-ka (3ap.)mt.
Wurda, wur'da (Ind.)
Wtirtemberg, vvlr'tem-berg (Ger.)
Wurzburg, vurts'bbrg (Ger.)
Wurzen, vbr'tsen (Ger.)
Wustani, wus-ta'ne (Eg.)
Wusterhausen, vbs'ter-houz-en (Prus.)
Wyandot, wi'an-dot (U. S.)
Wyborg, veHborg (Rus.)
Wycombe, wi'kom (Eng.)
Wye, wi (Eng.) r.
Wyenbash, ve'an-bash (Rus.)
Wyk, wtlk (Den.)
Wymondham or Wyndham, wi'mond-
ham or wind'am (Eng.)
Wynaad, wi-nad' (Ind.)
Wynegunga, win-gun'ga (Ind.) r,
Wyoming, wi-6'ming (U. S.)
Wyre, wir (Eng.)r.
Wyvis, Ben, ben wi'vis (Scot.) mt
(For most Spanish names in X see
under J.)
Xalapa, 6ha-la'pa (Mex.)
Xamiltepec, dha-niel'te-pek (Mex.)
Xanten, ksan'ten (Ger.)
Xarayes, sha-ra'yas (Braz.) dist.
Am.)
Xativa, Cha-te'va (Sp.)
Xavier, San, san (5ha've-a
Xenia, ze'ni-a (U. S.)
Xenil, ehe-nel' (Sp.)
Xeres, dher-es' (Sp.)
Xingu, shen'gb (Braz.) r.
Xulla, ksbl'ia (East. Arch.) isls.
Yablonoi, yab-lo-no'e (Sib.) mts.
Yadkin, yad'kin (U. S.)
Yaguache, yii-gwa'che (Ecuad.)
Yaila, yna (Rus.) mt.
Yakima, yak'i-ma(U. S.)
Yakutsk, ya-kotsk' (Sib.)
Yamina, ya-me'na (Af.)
Yana. ya'na (Sib.) r.
Yanaon, ya-nil'on (Ind.)
Yandal)oo, yiin-da-bb' (Bur.)
Yangtse-kiang.yang-tse-ke-ang' (China)
Yanina, yan'i-na (Albania) [r. ]
Yaoori, ya-o're (Cent. Af.)
Yapura, ya-pu-ra'(S. Am.)r.
Yaqui, yft-ke'(Mex.; Hayti)
zh, azure. French, vtle, bat;
bleu, netif ; h, on.
(8d)
German, 6h, nacAt
Yar
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY.
Zem
Yaracui, ya-ra-kwe' (Venez.)
Yarkand, yar'kand (As.) r.
Yarmouth, yar'muth (Eng.)
Yaroslaf, ya-ro-slaf (Rus.)
Yarra Yarra, yai-'ra yar'ra (Austral.) r.
Yarriba, yar're-ba (W. Af.)
Yarrow, yar'ra (Scot.)
Yavapai, yav'a-p! (U. S.)
Yavari, ya-va-re' (S. Am.) r.
Yazoo, ya-zb' (U. S.)
Ybicui, e-be-kwe' (Urug.)
Y^a, e'sa (Peru)
Yeadon, ye'don (Eng.)
Yeddo or Yedo, yed'6 (Jap.)
Yellala, yel-la'la {M.) falls
Yemen, yem'en (Ar.)
Yeni Bazar, ya'ne ba-zar' (Bosnia)
Yenidge, ya'ne-je (Tur.)
Yenikale, ya-ne-ka'la (Rus.) st. and/^.
Yenisei, ye-ne-sa'e (Sib.) r.
Yeniseisk, ya-ne-sa'esk (Sib.)
Yeou, ya-o' (Cent. Af.) r.
Yeovil, y6'vil(Eng.)
Yferes, yar (Fr.) r.
Yesso, yes'so (Jap.)
Yestor Beacon, yes'tor be'kou (Eng.)
mt.
Yetholm, yet'um (Scot.)
Yezd, yezd (Per.)
Yezdikhast, yez-de-kast' (Per.)
Ylopango, e-lo-pan'go (Cent. Am.) I.
Yokohama, yd-ko-ha'ma (Jap.)
Yola, yo'la(Cent. Af.)
Yonkers, yong'kerz (U. S.)
Yoomadung, yo'ma-dung (Ind.) mts.
Yori, yo're (Rus.) r.
Yosemite, yo-sem'i-te (U. S.)
Youghall, ya'hal or yal (Ir.)
Youghiogheny, yo-ho-ga'ni (U. S.) r.
Ypane, e-pa'ne (S. Am.) r.
Ypres (French) or Ypern (Flemish),
e'per, i'pern (Bel.)
Ypsilanti, ip-si-lan'ti (U. S.)
Yrieix, St., saii-te-re-a' (Fr.)
Yser, e-sar' (Fr.) r.
Yssel. is'sel (Neth.) r.
Ysselmond, is'sel-mond (Neth.)
Yasengeaux, es-sofi-go' (Fr.)
Ystad, ti'stad(Swe.)
Vstradyfodwg, us-tra-di-fod-ug
(Wales)
Ystwith, ist'with (Wales) r.
Ythan, i'than (Scot.) r.
Yucatan, yo-ka-tan' (Mex.)
Yukari Sobla, yb-ka're so'bla (Rus.)
Yukon, yuTcon (N. Am.) r.
Yiinnan, ytln-nan' (China)
Yunquera, ydn-ke'ra (Sp.)
Yuritala. yo-re-ta'la.(Ru8.)
Yverdon, 6-var-d6h' (Switz.)
Yvetot, ev-t6'(Fr.)
Yvome, e-vorn' (Switz.)
Zaandam, zan'dam (Neth.)
Zaandijk, zan'dik (Neth. )
Zabacano, za-ba-ka'no (W. Af.)
Zabara, zii-ba'ra (Ar.) mt.
Zabern, tsa'bern (Ger.)
Zacapa, sa-ka'pa (Cent. Am.)
Zacatapeques, sa-ka-ta-pe-kes' (Cent
Am.)
Zacatecas, sa-ka-ta'kas (Mex.)
Zacatula, sa-ka-tola (Mex.)
Zacualpan, sa-kwal-pan' (Mex.)
Zafaran-Boli, za'fa-ran-bo'le (Tur.)
Zaffarano, tsaf-fa-ra'no (It.) c.
Zagarolo, dza-ga-ro'lo (It.)
Zagazig, za-ga-zeg' (Eg.)
Zagora, za'go-ra (Gr.)
Zahringen, tsa'ring-en (Ger.)
Zalamea, tha-la-me'ii (Sp.)
Zalankoi, za-lan'ko-e (Rus.)
Zalathna, zo-lot'no (Transyl.)
Zaleszcyki, za-lash-che'ke (Aust. Gal.)
Zambezi or Zambesi, zam-be'zi (Af.)
r.
Zamora, tha-mo'ra (Sp.); sii-mo'ra
(Mex.)
Zancara, than-ka'ra (Sp.)r.
Zanguebar, zan-ga-bar' (Af.)
Zanskar, zans-kai-' (As.)
Zante, zan'ta (Gr.) isl.
Zanzibar, zan-ze-bar' (Af.)
Zapatosa, sa-pa-to'sa (Col. ) I.
Zara, tsa'ra; Ital. pron. dza'ra (Dalmat.)
Zarafshan, za-raf'shan'' (Cent. As.)
Zarskoe-Selo, tsar'sko a-sa-lo" (Rus.)
Zaruma, sa-ro'ma (S. Am.)
Zbarasz, zba'rash (Aust. Gal.)
Zea, ze'a (Gr.) isl.
Zebayer, za-ba'yar (Red Sea) isls.
Zebid, za-bed' (Ar. )
Zeeland, za'lant (Neth.)
Zehdenick, tsa'de-nek (Prus.)
Zehree. zech-re' (Belooch.)
Zeijst,zi8t(Neth.)
Zeila, za'la (Af.)
Zeitun, za'ton (Gr. ) g.
Zelaya, se-la'yji (Mex.)
Zellerfeld, tsal'ler-felt (Ger.)
Zelline, tsal-le'na (It.) r.
Zempelburg, tsam'pel-borg (Prus.)
Zemplin, zem-plen' (Hung.)
Fate, far, fat, full: me, met, her, golden; pine, pin; note, not, move;
tub, bull; oil, pouud; ch, cAain; g, fl^o; j, job; y, t/es; th, t^en; th, <Mu;
(90)
Zen
LIST OF PREFIXES, SUFFIXES, ETC.
Air
Zen j an, zan-jan' (Per.)
Zerafshan, ze-riif shan" (Cent. As.) r.
Zerbst, tsarbst (Ger.)
Zemagora. See Zniagora.
Zeveuaar, za've-nai- (Neth.)
Zevenhuizen, za-ven-hoiz'en (Neth.)
Zeyla, za'la(Af.)
Zezere, za-za'ra (Port.) r.
Zibello, tse-bal'16 (It.)
Ziegenhain, tse'gcn-hin (Ger.)
Zillerthal, tsel'ler-tal (Tyrol.)
Zinmierwald, tsem'mer-valt (Switz.)
Zips, zeps (Hung.)
Zircz, zerts (Hung.)
Zirknitz, tserk'nets (Aust.)
Zizers, tse'tserz (Switz.)
Zlatousk, zla-tbsk' (Rus.)
Zloczow, zlo'chov (Aust. Gal.)
Znaim, tsnim (Aust.)
Zoest, zbst (\eth.)
Zofingen, ts6'flng-en (Switz.)
Zondereinde, z6n'der-in-de (S. Af.)
mts.
Zonnebeke, zon-na-ba'ka(Bel.)
Zonzonate, son-so-na'te (Cent. Am.)
Zorita, tho-re'ta (Sp.)
Zouga, zb'ga (*. Af.) r.
Zrnagora, cher-nag'o-ra (Eur.)
Zsambek, zham'bek (Hung.)
Zubia, La, la thoOje-a (Sp.)
Zug, tsog (Switz.)
Zuider-Zee, zoi'der-z& (Neth.)
Zuidlaren, zoid'la-ren (Neth.)
Zuj'ar, tho char' (Sp.)
Zulftcar, tsul'fe-kar (Cent. As.)
ZUllichau, tsul'le-chou (Prus.)
Ziilpich, tstH'peeh (Prus.)
Zululand, zo'ld-land (S. Af.)
Zundert, Groot, grot zun'dert (Neth.
Zurgena, thor-6he'na(Sp.)
Zurich, tsii'redh (Switz.)
Zuruma, zu-ro'ma (Braz.) r.
Zutphen, zut'fen (Neth.)
Zuyder-Zee, zoi'der-za (Neth.)
Zvornik, zvor'nek (Tur.)
Zwart-Berg, swarrberg (S. Af.) mt
Zwartesluis, zvar'te-slois (Neth.)
Zweibriicken, tsvi'brak-en (Ger.)
Zweisimmen, tsvl'sem-men (Switz.)
Zwellendam, swel'len-dam (S. Af.)
Zwickau, tsvek'kou (Ger.)
Zwijndrecht, zvin'drefiht (Neth.)
Zwittau, tsvet'tou (Aust.)
Zwittawa, zvet-ta'va (Aust.)
ZwoUe, zvol'le (Neth.)
Zwyndrecht, zvin'dreCht (Bel.)
Zydaczow, ze-dach'ov (Aust.)
Zyghur, zi-gur' (Ind.)
Zyria, ze'ri-a (Gr.) mt.
Zytomir, zhet-o-mer' (Rus.)
PREFIXES, SUFFIXES,
AND OTHER COMPONENTS OF GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES,
WITH THEIR MEANINGS AND EXAMPLES OF THEIR USE.
A (Sw.), river, as in Toruea.
Aa (Dan. and D.), river; as Groote Aa,
great river (Holland).
Ab or Aub (Per.), water; as Doab, two
rivers ; Punjaub, five rivers.
Abad (Per., Hind., <fec.), house, town;
as Akbarabad, town of Akbar; Hyder-
abad, town of Hyder; Faizabad,
abode of plenty.
Abbas (Per.), father; Abbasabad, pater-
nal town or abode.
Aber (Celt.), mouth of a river; Aber-
deen, town at the mouth of the Dee ;
Aberavon, mouth of the Avon.
Ach, Ache (G. = Lat. aouo, chiefly used
in the Alps), river ; Bregenzer Ache,
Krimler Ache, Salzach.
Adel (G.), noble; Adelsberg, noble's
mountain; Adelsheim, noble's home.
Agli (Erse = Auch in Scotland), a field :
Ardagh, the field on the height.
Agoa (Pg.), Agua (Sp.), water; Agoa
Fria, cold water; Aguas Calientes,
warm waters.
Aiguille (Fr. ), needle, mountain peak ;
Aiguille d'Argentifere.
Ain (Ar.), a sprmg; Ain Moosa, spring
of Moses.
Ak (Turk.), white; Ak-Serai, whito
palace ; Ak-su, white river.
Al, El, (Ar.), the or a; Alcantara, the
bridge; Alcazar, the palace; Alhama,
the baths.
Ala (Turk.), spotted, variegated; Alatau
(for Alatagh), variegated mountains,
so called on account of the stripes
and patches of dark rock alternating
witli snowfields.
zb, azure.
French, v4e, bat ; bl^, Qe& ; h, on.
(M)
Oerman, 6h, nacAt
Aid
LIST OF PREFIXES, SUFFIXES, ETC.
Bhu
Aid C= Gael, allt), a stream; Aldarder,
Aldernan, Aldourie.
Allah (Ar.), God; Allahabad, town of
God.
Allt. Alt, Gait (Welsh), high; a cUff ;
Penbuallt, Peiialt.
Allt, Alt (Gael.), a stream, a brook;
Allt-an-Feariiha, stream of the alder-
tree.
Alp, Alb (Celt.), an elevated place;
Alpnach, high waters.
Als6 (Hung.), lower, opposite of Felso,
upper ; Als6 Leudva.
Alt (Wei.), a steep place ; Altcar.
Alt (G.), old ; Altdorf (or Altorf), old
village ; Altenkircheu, old churches.
Alta, Alto (Sp., It., Pg.), high; Tierra
Alta, high land (Sp.).
Altyu (Turk.), golden; Altyn-tagh;
golden mountain.
Am (Welsh), by, near ; Amlwch ; Hen-
llan-am-goed, the old church by the
wood.
Amara(Ind.), immortal; Amarapuram,
town of the immortals. The same
root is seen in Amritsar, lake of im-
mortality.
Ar (Welsh), upon ; Llanarmon.
Ard (Celt.), high, height; Ardglass,
green height; Ardnamurchan, height
of the great headland ; Lizard, high
fort.
Arl, Adler (G.), eagle ; Arlberg, Adler-
berg, eagle's mountain.
Arroyo (Sp. ), rivulet; Arroyo de Puerco,
rivulet of the hog.
Ath (Erse), a ford ; Athlone.
Au, Aue (G.), meadow; Reichenau,
rich meadow; Goldene Aue, golden
meadow.
Auch (Celt.), a field; Auchinleck.
Ava (Slav.), water, river; Morava,
Schwarzava.
Aven, Avon (Celt.), flowing water;
Avonmore, great water ; Strathaven,
valley of the river.
Bab (Ar., Chal.), gate, court; Bab-el-
Mandeb, gate of tears.
Baba (Turk.), father; Babadagh, fatlier
mountain.
Bach (G.), brook, rivulet; Erlen-
bach, alder brook ; Fischbach, fish
brook; Schwarzenbach, black or
dark brook.
Bach (Welsh), little; EglwysMch, little
church.
Bad (G.), bath; Baden, the baths;
Carlsbad, Charles's bath.
Bahia (Sp., Pg.), bay; Bahia de Todos
OS Santos, bay of all saints.
Bahr (Ar.), sea. river ; Bahr Lut, sea of
Lot, the Dead Sea; Bahr-el-Abiad,
the white (or clear) river(White Nile);
Bahr-el-Azrek, blue (or turbid) river,
its watei's not h.aving been filtered
like those of the White Nile, by pass-
ing through lakes.
Bal, Balla, or Bally (Celt.), town; Ballin-
derry, town of the oak wood ; Bally-
clare, town on the plain ; Ballachu-
lish, town on the strait.
Banya (Hung.), a mine; Banya-Nagy,
great mine; Banya-Felso, upper mine.
Bar (Hind.), country; Malabar, moun-
tainous country.
Batch, Bach (Eng., a form of heck), a
brook ; Woodbatch, Comberbatch,
Sandbach.
Bazar, Basar (Turk.), market town;
Novi-Bazar or Yeni-Bazar, new
market tovra.
Bear (Eng.). See Bere.
Beau, Bel (Fr.), beautiful; Beaulieu,
beautiful place; Belmont, beautiful
mountain.
Bee (in Fr. names of Scand. origin), a
brook; Caudebec, Houlbec, Foulbec.
Beck (in Eng. names of Scand. origin,
= G. bach), brook; Wansbeck, Trout-
beck, Holbeck, Fulbeck.
Bedd (Welsh), a grave ; Beddgelert.
Bedw (Welsh), birch trees ; Llanbedw,
birch church.
Beer (Eng.). See Bere.
Beer, Beyr (Heb), a well; Beersheba,
Beyrut.
Bel (Celt), a ford ; Belfast, the ford of
the sandbank (Jarset or farst).
Bela, Bielo (Rus.), white; Belgrade,
white town ; Bielaya, white stream.
Beled, BilM (Ar.), country, town;
Biledulgerid, country of dates.
Bello, Bella (It., Sp., and Pg.), beauti-
ful ; Portobello, beautiful port.
Ben (Celt.), hill; Ben More, the great
hill ; Ben Cruachan, the cone-shaped
mountain ; Ben Macdhui, mountain
of the black sow.
Bender (Turk., Per.), port; Bender-
Abbaz (Persia).
Bere, Bear, Beer (in Eng. names of
Scand. origln),anabode,f arm, village ;
Shebbear, Bockbere, Kentisbeer,
Beerferris.
Berg (G.), hill, mountain; Carlsberg,
Charles's hill; Konigsberg, king's
hill ; Schwarzenberg, black hill.
Beth (Heb.), house; Bethel, house of
God; Bethhoron, house of the hollows;
Bethlehem, house of bread.
Bettws (Welsli), dwelling, village, town;
Bettws-y-coed; Bettws Leiki; Bettws
Bledrws.
Bhiim, Bhoom (Hind.), land, country;
Birbhiim, land of heroes.
(92)
Bir
LIST OF PREFIXES, SUFFIXES, ETC.
Coc
Bir (Ar.), well ; Bir-es-Seba, well of
seven { = Beersheba).
Bischof (G.), bishop: Bischofsheim,
bishop's home ; Bischofszell, bishop's
cell.
Blair (Celt), a plain clear of wood;
Blairathole.
Blanc, Blanche (Fr.), white; Mont
Blanc; Dent Blanche, white tooth
(mountain peak).
Blanco (Sp.), white; Cabo Blanco, white
cape.
Bocca (It.), Boca (Sp., Pg.), mouth;
Bocca Chica. little mouth.
Bod (Celt), a house; Bodmin, Bodwrog.
BcEuf (in Fr. names of Scand. origin,
from same root as -here and -by in
Eng. names), an abode, village ; Quit-
teboeuf, white village; Marboeuf,
Elbceuf, Paimboeuf.
Borg (Sw., Dan.), castle; Aalborg, eel-
town; Frederjksborg.
Borough. See Burg.
Bosch (D.), wood ; Hertogenbosch,
duke's wood (Bois-le-duc).
Bouroun or Bourun (Turk.), cape;
Narat-Bournn, cape of llrs.
Brae (Nor.), glacier; Jostedalsbrae.
Bre (Celt.), a promontory ; Bredon.
Brig (Eng.), bridge ; Briggate, Brigham,
Brighouse. The same root is seen in
Brixton, Brixham, Brixworth.
Bron (G.), a spring, a well; Heilbron,
holy well.
Bruck, Briick, Brugg(G.), bridge; Inns-
briick, the bridge over the Inn ; Zwei-
briicken, the two bridges; Glattbrugg.
Brunn, Bruunen (G.), well; Schon-
brunn, beautiful well.
BrynOVelsh), slope of a hill; Bryngwyn.
Bud, Buda(Slav.), a hut; Buda, Budan,
Budkowitz.
Bueno, Buena (Sp.). good; Buenos
Ayres, fine airs; Buena Vista, fine
view ; Buenaventura, good luck.
Burg, Burgh, Borough, Bury (Teut.);
castle, fortified place; Rothenburg,
red castle; Augsburg, castle of Au-
gustus ; Edinburgh, Peterborough,
Shrewsbury.
Bum, Bourn, Bourne (Eng), a spring,
stream ; Blackburn, Sittingboume.
By (same as bere); Sundby, town on
the sound; Ashby, ash town; Kirkby,
church town ; Whitby, white town ;
Appleby, Manby. Denby, Eastby,
Scaldby, Helperby, Sowerby, New-
by, Hornby, Normanby, &c.
Caer, Car (Celt.), fortified place, forti-
fied town ; Caer-Caradoc, fort of
Caradoc or Caractacus; Carnarvon,
fort in Arvon.
Cairn (Celt.), a stony hill; Cairngorm,
blue rocky mountain.
Calder (Celt.), a wooded stream ; Mid-
calder.
Cambus (Celt.), a bay, a bend; Cambus-
kenneth, Cambusnethan, Cambus-
lang.
Capel (Welsh), chapel ; Capelcurig.
Car (Celt). See Caer.
Carrick (Celt.) = crag ; Carrickfergus.
Casa (Sp.), house ; Casas-Grandes, the
great houses.
Caster, Chester, Cester, &c. (in Eng.
names from Lat. castrum, a fort);
Lancaster, Manchester, Cirencester,
Exeter.
Cefn (Celt.), a back or ridge ; Cefn Coed ;
Cefn Bryn. The same root is seen in
the Chevin, a ridge in Wharfedale,
Yorkshire, in Chevening, on the
North Downs, Kent, and in the Ce-
vennes in France.
Cerrig (Welsh) = crag ; Cerrigceinwin.
Cerro (Sp.), mountain-peak, rugged hill;
Cerro de Pasco.
Cester. See Caster.
Chang and Chung (Chinese), middle;
Chang-choo-foo, Chang-chuen.
Chatel (Fr.), castle; Neuchatel, new
castle (same as Neuenburg, its Ger-
man name).
Cheap, Chep. See Chipping.
Cheri, Chery (S. India), town; Pondi-
chery, new town.
Chemi. See Czerna.
Chester. See Caster.
Chipping (Eng. = Scand. koping), a mar-
ket-place; Chipping Norton, Chipping
Sodbury; Chipping Ongar; Chipping-
ham. The same root is seen in Cheap-
side, Eastcheap, and Chepstow.
Chow (Chinese), island; also, a town
which is the residence of the governor
of one of the principal suljdivisiona
of the great provinces ; Hang-chow.
Cidade (Pg.), city ; Cidade do Recife,
city of the reef.
Cima(It.), mountain-peak; CimaNove,
new peak.
Citta(It.),city, town; Citta-di-Castello,
town of the castle.
Ciudad (Sp.), city; Ciudad Real, royal
city; Ciudad -Rodrigo, city of Ro-
derick.
Civita (It.), town; Civita Vecchia, old
town.
Clawdd (Welsh), a ditch, a fence ; Caron
Isclawdd.
Clere (Ang -Nor.), a royal or episcopal
residence on a hill; Highclere, Kings-
clere.
Coch. Goch (Welsh), red; Llanbedrgoch;
red church of St. Peter.
(93)
Coe
LIST OF PREFIXES, SUFFIXES, ETC.
B3e
Coed (Celt.), a wood; Bettws-y-coed,
dwellins across the wood.
Col (Fr.), Colle (It.), pass, elevated pass;
Col de G^ant, giant's pass; Colle di
Tenda.
Coin (from Latin colonia, a colony);
Lincoln.
Colwyn (Welsh), hazel grove.
Combe (Eng. form of Welsh cwm), a
half-round valley; Babbacombe, II-
fracombe, Wycombe.
Cor, Gor (Welsh), a choir ; Gorwydd.
Costa (Sp.), coast; Costa Rica, rich
coast (gold having formerly been
found there).
Cote, Cot (Ang. Sax., pi. coton), a mud
cottage; iN'orthcote, Fosscot, Clay-
coton.
Craig (Celt.) = crag; Craignish; Craig-
lands; Craigruigh.
Crick (Celt.) = crag; Cricklade.
Croce (It.), cross; Santa Croce, the
holy cross.
Croes, Crwys, Gros (Welsh), a cross;
Llancrwys, church of the cross.
Croix (Fr.), cross; Sainte Croix, the
holy cross.
Cruz.(Sp.), cross; V»ra Cruz, the true
cross ; Santa Cruz, the holy cross.
Cumbre(Sp.), mountain peak; Cumbres
Altas, the high peaks.
Cund. See Khand.
Cwm (Welsh), a valley shaped like a
bowl open on one side; Cwmdu,
Cwmrheidol.
Czema, Czerny, Cherni (Slav.), black;
Czernagora, the black mountain
( = Montenegro) ; Czernamore, the
Black Sea.
Dagh, Tagh (Per., Turk.), mountain or
mountain range; Babadagh, father
mountain.
Dal (Celt.). SeeDol.
Dal, pi. Dalar (Dan., Sw.), valley, dale ;
Dal Elf, valley river; Dalarne, the
valleys.
Dam (D.), dam or embankment; Am-
sterdam, the dam of the Amstel;
Rotterdam, dam of the Rotte.
Dar (Arab.), land ; Darfor, land of the
For.
Daria, Darya (Per.), sea, river; Amu
Darya, Sir Darya.
Dasht (Cent. As.), a steppe; Dasht-i-
Alai, Dasht-i-Andamao.
Den, Dene (Celt.), a deep wooded valley;
Tenterden, Kingsden, Halden.
Dent (Fr.), a tooth, a peak ; Dent du
Midi.
Dera(Ind.), house, encampment ; Dera
Ghazi Khan; Derajat, the three
Deras.
Dewi (Welsh), David; Llandewi, church
of St. David.
Dinas (Welsh), fortress ; Dinas Powis.
Diva, Diu (Hind.), island; the Maldives,
Laccadives.
Dol (Celt.), a plain, dale, meadow;
Dolberry, Dolgelly. The same root
appears in Dalkeith, Dairy, Dal-
rymple.
Don (Celt.). See Dun.
Dorf (G.), village; Diisseldorf.
Draeth. See Traeth.
Dii, Dou(Celt.), black; Douglas; Cwmdu.
Dun, Don (Celt.), a hill or hill-fort;
Dundee, the fort on the Tay ; Snow-
don, snow hill; London (probably
= Llyndon, pool-hill). In Dumfries
and Dumbarton, the m is merely a
euphonic change.
Dwfr, Dwr, Dr (Welsh), water; Cam-
ddwr.
Dyffryn (Welsh), a wide valley; Dy-
ffryn Clydach.
Eglwys (Welsh, corruption of ecclesia),
a church; Eglwyswrw, Trefeglwys,
Eglwysilan, Eglwysfach.
Eisen (G.), iron ; Eisenberg, iron moun-
tain ; Eisenstadt, iron town.
El, Al (Ar.), the or a ; El Kantara, the
bridge. See Al. (El is also Spanish
for the.)
Elf (Sw.), river; Gota-Elf; Dal -Elf,
river of the dale.
Ennis (Celt. ), island ; Enniskillen, En-
nismore.
Escob, Escop (Welsh), bishop; Tyr-
"escob, bishop's tower.
Eski (Turk. ), old ; Eski-Hissar, old castle ;
Eski-Stambul, old Constantinople.
Ey (Teut.), island; Anglesey, Orkney,
Norderney, Selsey (seals' island).
Fab (Welsh), father.
Fach, Fechan (Welsh), little ; Venny-
fach ; Llandwyfach ; Llanfihangel-
fechan, little church of all the angels.
Fair, Mair (Welsh), the Virgin ilary;
Llanfairfechan, little church of St.
Mary ; Llanfairnantgwyn.
Feld (G.), place in which trees have
been felled, a clearing, field ; Feld-
kirch, field church ; Hirschfeld, field
of the stag.
Fell ( = Scand. Fjeld), a mountain ;
Goatfell, Snaefell, Scawfell.
Fels, Felsen (G.), rock; Drachenfels,
dragon rock.
Felsij (Hung), upper; opposite of Als6,
lower ; Felso Lendva.
Fjeld or Field (Dan.), Fjall (Sw.), moun-
tain or high plateau, as the Dovre-
fjeld, the Fdlefjeld.
(94)
Fl©
LIST OF PREFIXES, SUFFIXES, ETC.
Hal
Fleet (Eng.), a stream; Northfleet,
Byfleet.
old (Eng.), an inclosure made of felled
trees.
Foo (Chinese), the termination att;iched
to names of towns in CJiina, which
are the seats of the governors of the
great provinces or primary divisions;
Tse-nan-foo.
Ford (a frequent termination in English
names, literally, a passage); 1. In
names of Anglo-Saxon origin, a
passage across a river, a ford; Ox-
ford, Camelford (ford of the Camel) ;
2, In names of Scand. origin, a
passage for ships, a creek (Scand.
jiord, fjord), Milford, Wexford,
Orford.
Foss or Fos (Nor.), Force (Eng.; in
Yorkshire, the pronunciation is
mostly undistingiiishable from the
Norwegian), a waterfall ; Rjukand
Fos, reeking waterfall ; Stockgill
Foi-ce.
Frey, Frei (G.), free; Freiburg, free
castle or town.
Fried, Fried^n (G.), peace; Friedland,
land of peace.
FUrst (G.), prince; FUrstenwalde,
prince's wood.
Fynnon (Welsh), a well; Fynnon-Asa,
St. Asaph's well.
Gamla (Sw.), old; Gamla Karleby, old
Charlestown.
Ganga (Ind.), river; Gangapura, river
town. Ganga is the Indian name of
the river Ganges, which latter form
is originally Greek.
Ganj, Gunj (Ind.), market; Aniirganj,
the prince's market; ISakshiganj,
colonel's or paymaster's market;
Raniganj, queen's market.
Gar (Arab.), a cave ; Trafalgar.
Garb, Gurh, Ghur'(Hind.), castle; Fut-
teiigurh (Fatigarh), fort of victory.
Garth(inEng. namesof Norweg origin),
an inclosed place (yard); Applegarth,
Ay.sgarth.
Gat(Teut.), passage, strait; Kattegat.
Gau (Ind.), village; Bangau, forest
village ; Baragau, great village.
Gau (Teut), district; Breisgau. The
same root is seen in Spengay (Cam-
bridgeshire) ; Wormegay (Norfolk).
Gawa (Japanese), river ; Sakada-gawa ;
Sinano-gawa.
Gebirge(G.), mountains; Riesengebirge,
giant mountains; Erzgebirge, ore
mountains.
Gelli (Welsh), hazel; Dolgelly, hazel
valley (Hazeldean)
Ghaut, Gh&t (Hind.), a flight of steps
forming a landing-place on the bank
of a river ; hence, a mountain pass ;
also the mountains themselves.
Gill (in Eng. names of Norweg. origin), a
ravine ; Stockgill, Easgill, Ramsgill.
Gir, Giri (Ind.), a peak ; Dawalagiri
(Dhavalagiri), the white mountain;
Nilgiri (Neilgherry), blue mountains.
Glas (Celt.), green; Glascoed, green
wood.
Glen (Celt.), a narrow valley; Glencoe,
Glenmore.
Glyn (in Welsh names) =' glen; Glyn-
neath, Glyntrain, Glynfach.
Goed (Welsh=Coed), a wood; Llangoed.
Gol (Mongol), river; Karagol, black
river; Sharagol, yellow river.
Gol (Turk.), lake ; Ak-gol, white lake.
Gong (Ind.), village; Chittagong, the
four villages.
Gor. See Cor.
Gora (Slav), mountain; Czernagora,
black mountain ( = Montenegro). The
same root is seen in Gorlitz (Carpa-
thians).
Gornj (Slav.). Same as Hornj.
Gorod, Grad (Slav.), town; Novgorod,
new town ; Belgrad, white town.
Graf, Graf en (G.), count; Grafenberg,
count's hill.
Grande, Gran (Sp., It., Pg.), great ; Rio
Grande, great river; (jran Sasso,
great rock.
Graz, Gratz (Ger. form of Slav. Grad,
Gorod), town ; Graz, Koniggratz.
Groote (D.), great; Groote Aa, great
river.
Gros. See Croes.
Gross (G.), great; Gross-Glogau; Gross-
Biberan.
Quad, Guadi (Sp. form of Arab Wadi),
river ; Guadalquivir, the great river ;
Guadalavlar, the white river ; Guadi-
ana, the river Anas.
Gunj. See Ganj.
Gunong (Malay), mountain ; Gunoug
Tebur ; Gunong Api.
Gwy (Welsh), a stream.
Gwynn. See Wynn.
Hafen (G.), Havn (Dan), port: Bremer-
hafen, port of Bremen; Kjbbenhavn,
merchant's haven (Copenhagen).
Hai (Chi.), sea ; Whang-hai, Hoang-hai,
yellow sea.
Haigh, Hay, Hey (Eng.), a place sur-
rounded by a hedge ; Rothwellhaigh,
Horsehay, Harpurhey.
Hali (Ang.-Sax.), holy; Halifax, holy
tress (namely of the Virgin's hair,
long held in veneration here).
Hall (Eng.). a stone house ; Mildeuhall,
Willenhall, Coggeshall.
(96)
Ham
LIST OF PRKl-'lXES, SUFFIXES, ETC.
Kaw
Ham (Eng), home, farm, village; Bir-
mingham.
Ham, Hamn (Sw), port; Carlshamn,
Charles's haven.
Hama (Japanese), flat coast; Yoko-
hama.
Haugh (Norse, /ia«gfr), amound; Philip-
haugh.
Haus,Hausen(G.), house; Neuhaus.new
house ; Oberhausen, upper houses ;
Schaffhausen.
Havn (Dan.), port. See Hafen, Ham.
Havod, Hafod (Welsh), a summer hut,
a shealing.
Hegy(Hung.), mountain; Hegy-allya.
Heilige, Heiligen (G.), holy, saint ;
Heiligenstadt, holy toAvu.
Helm (G.), home ( = E. -ham); Bischofs-
heim, bishop's home.
Heli (Welsh), salt ; Pwllheli, salt pool.
Hen (Welsh), old; Heneglwys, old
church.
Hima (Hind.), snow; Him&laya, abode
of snow.
Hinter (G.), hinder, lying behind;
Hinter Rhein, the name of a head-
water of the Rhine.
Hissar(Turk.), castle; Ak-Hissar, white
castle ; Kara-Hissar, black castle.
Hithe (Eng.), a harbour; Rotherhithe,
the harbour at the mouth of the
Rother; Greenhithe. The same root
is seen in Erith.
Hjem (Nor. = G. Heim ; Eng. ham),
home, village; Throndhjem, the
throne home (place of coronation of
the kings of Norway).
Ho (Chinese), river, canal ; Hoang-ho,
yellow river ; Pei-ho, white river.
Hoang (Chinese), yellow ; Hoang-ho,
yellow river ; Hoang -choo, yellow
town.
Hoch (G.), high; Hochkirch, high
church ; Hochberg, high mountain.
Hoe. See Hoo.
Hof (G.), an inclosure, a farm; Hofheim,
Hofkirchen, Hofstetten.
Hohe (G.), height; HohenzoUern, the
height of the Zoller family.
Holm (Sw., Dan.), small island; Born-
holm, island of Burgundians.
Holt (Eng.), a copse ; Bergholt, Esholt,
Sparsholt, Wiggonholt.
Hondo, Honda (Sp.), deep; Rio Hondo,
deep river.
Hoo, Hoe (Eng.), a tongue of higher
land running out into a plain ; Wy ven-
hoe.
Horn (G.), a peak; Matterhorn, peak
of the meadows (round the base);
Schreckhorn, peak of terror; Wetter-
horn, peak of storms; Finsteraarhorn,
dark peak of the Aar. 1
(9G)
Hornj (Slav), uijper.
Hurst (Eng.), thick wood; Norman-
hurst, Penshurst, Lyndhurst, Hurst-
monceaux, Hurstpierpoint, Wad-
hurst, Lamberliurst, Ashurst, Nut-
hurst, Midhurst.
He, Isle (Fr.), island ; Belleisle, beauti-
ful island ; Lisle (I'isle), the island.
Inch (Celt, another form of Ennis),
island; Inchkeith, Inchcolm.
Ing (Ang.-Sa.x.), a meadow ; lugham.
lug, a very frequent component in the
names of English towns and villages,
as in Dorking, Kettering, Roothing,
Bocking; more frequently in the
middle of a word, as in Kensington,
Islington, Haddington, Wyvinghoe.
Most commonly it is the Anglo-Saxon
patronymic, and originally denoted
the seat of a particular family. It
corresponds to the German ingen, as
in Tiibingen.
Inver (Celt.), mouth of a river ; Inver-
ness, mouth of the Ness.
Irmak (Turk.), river ; Kizil-Irmak, red
river (the ancient Halys).
Is, Ys, Dis, Issa(Welsh), lower; Gwnnws
Issa ; Discoed, below the wood ; Ys-
cleidach.
Isaf (Welsh), lowest.
Isola (It.), Isla (Sp.), Ilha (Pg.), island;
Isola Bella, beautiful island; Ilha
Grande, great island.
Jebel, Djebel (Ar.), moimtain; Jebel
Moosa, mount of Moses, the modern
Arabic name of Mt. Sinai; Jebel
Akhdar, green mountain ; Gibraltar,
corrupted from Jebel al Tarik, mount
of Tarik.
Jeni (Turk.), new. See Yeni.
Jezireh (Ar.), island; Al Jezireh, the
name of the region between the
Euphrates and Tigris.
Jbkull (Icel.), an ice-covered mountain
or plateau; Vatna-jbkuU, CErafajb-
kull.
Kafir (Ar.), infidel; Kafiristan, land of
infidels.
Kaiser (G.), emperor; Kaiserstuhl, em-
peror's chair or throne; Kaiserstadt,
emperor's town.
Kale (Turk.), castle; Yeni-kale, new
castle ; Kale Dagh, castle hill.
Kand, Kend (Turk.), town ; Tashkend,
stone town; Samarkand, Samar's
town.
Kara (Turk.), black; Kara-su, black
river ; Kara-Hissar, black fortress.
Kawa (Japanese := gawa), river ; Shira-
kawa.
Kha
LIST OF PREFIXES, SUFFIXES, ETC.
Maw
Khand, Kand, Kend, Cund (Ind), a
field, region ; Bandelkhand.
Kiaug (Chinese), river ; Yang-tse-kiang,
son of the sea river ; Ta-kiang, great
river ; Pe-kiang, north river.
Kil (Celt), cell, church; Kilpatrick,
church or cell of St. Patrick; Kil-
kenny, church of St. Kenny; Kildare,
church of the oaks.
Kin (Celt.), head, upper part; Kinloch,
head of the loch ; Kiusale, head of
the brine, that is of the tide.
King(Chinese), town; Pe-king, northern
city ; Nan-king, southern city.
Kio. Kei (Japanese), town; Tokio.
Kirche (6.), church; Kirchdorf, church
village; Kirchberg, church mountain;
Fiinfkirchen, five churches.
Kirk (Eng.), church; Kirkcudbright,
Kirkhope, Kirkham, Kirkwall.
Kis (Hung.), little; Kis-barath; Kis-
ber.
Kizil. Kysyl (Turk.), red ; Kizil-Irmak,
red river; Kizil Kum, red sand (desert
south-east of the Aral Sea); Kizil
Yart, red pass.
Klein (G.), little; Klein-Glogau, as dis-
tinguished from Gross-Glogau.
Knock (Celt.), hill; Knockduff, Knock-
mealdown.
Knott (Eng.), a small round hill ; Ling
Knott, Amside Knott, Knottingley.
Koh, Kohat (Pers.), mountain; Safid
(Sefld or Sufld) Koh, white mountain ;
Siah Koh, black mountain; Hindu-
koh, Indian mountain.
Kol. Kul(Tart.), lake; KaraKul, black
lake ; Issikol or Issikul.
Kbnig (G.), king; Konigsberg, king's
mountain.
Kopf (G.), head; Schneekopf, snow-
head, snow-capped mountain.
Kbping (Dan., Sw.), market-town; Ny-
koping, new market-town.
Kot (Ind.), fort; Asurkot, fort of the
Asura ; Noakot, new fort.
Kote (Ind.X a fort ; Sealkote.
Krasnoe (Rus), pretty; Krasnoe-selo,
pretty village.
Kra8noi(Rus.), red; Krasnoiarsk, town
of the red cliff.
Kreis (G.), circle, district forming an
administrative tlivision.
Kund, Kand (Ind.), a province; Bandel-
kand.
Kuro (Japanese), l)lack ; Kuro Shivo
(Sivo); black stream or cun-ent.
Lago (It, Sp.. Pg.), lake;
giore, the greater lake.
Lago Mag-
Lagima(It, Sp). marsh, lagoon.
Langen, Lange (G), long; Langenberg,
lung mountain.
Lauter (G.), clear; Lauterbrunnen,
clear fountains.
Law. Low (Ang.-Sax. hlaw), a mound, a
hill; Ludlow, Marlow, Houuslow,
Largo Law, North Berwick Law,
Sidlaw.
Levante (It), east, eastern region ;
hence the Levant.
Ley, Leigh (Eng.), an open place in a
wood; Bexley, Hartley, Laugley, &c.;
Leighton, Hadleigh.
Lha (Thibet), god; Lhassa, land of the
gods.
Licht (G.), light; Lichtenstein, clear
stone or rock.
Lieu (Fr.), place; Beaulieu, fine
place.
Lin (Celt), a pool; Dublin, black
pool.
Ling (Chi. ), mountain s ; Peling, northern
mountains; Nanling, southern moun-
tains.
Lis (Celt), an earthen fort; Lismore,
Listowel, Lisburn, and many other
names in Ireland.
Elan (Welsh), an in closure, a church;
Llanddausaint, church of two saints ;
Llantrisaint, church of three saints;
Llandudno, church of St. Tudno;
Llanbedr, church of St. Peter ; Llan-
fihangel or Llanvihangel, church of
all the angels.
Loo (D. and Flemish, = Eng. ley), Water-
loo ; Venloo, Westerloo.
Low. See Law.
Madeira (Port), timber; Madeira, isl,
Madeira, riv.
Maen (Welsh), a large stone ; Penmaen-
mawr.
Maes (Welsh), a heath ; Maesmynis.
Mag, Magh (Celtic), a field; Armagh,
Marmagen.
Maha (Ind.), great; Mahanadi, great
river; Mahavelliganga, great sand
river.
Mala (Slav.), little.
Mark (Teut.), boundary, march; Mark-
dorf, boundary village; Lappmark,
Denmark.
Markt (G.), market; Neumarkt, new
market ; Markt Oberhausen.
Marsa (Arab.), a port; Marsala.
Matt (Swiss), a meadow ; Andermatt,
Zermatt, Matterhom.
Mauna (Polynes.), mountain; Mauna
Kea, white mountain (snow-capped
in winter).
Mavros, Mavron, Mavro (Gr.), black;
Mavron Oros. black mountain ; Mav-
ropotamos, V)lack river.
Mawr (Welsh form of More), great;
Penmaenmawr, great mountains.
(W)
Maz
LIST OF PREFIXES, SUFFIXES, ETC.
Pen
Maz (Per.), mountain; Mazandaran,
within the mountains(thatis,between
the mountains and the sea).
Meer, Mere(Teut.), sea, lake; Schwarzes
Meer, the Black Sea; Borkumer
Meer; Windermere.
Mer (Fr.), sea; Mer Morte, the Dead Sea.
Mezo, Meso (Hung.), field ; Mezo-
Cereny, &c.
Minster (Lat.), a monastery; West-
minster, Kidderminster.
Mittel (G.), middle; Mittelwalde,
middle wood, &c.
Mo (Cliin.), sea ; Shamo, sea of sand.
Moel (Wales), a round hill; Moel
Siabod.
Mond, Monde (D.), mouth; Dender-
monde, town at the mouth of the
Dender.
More (Celt.), great; Glen More, the
great glen ; Ben More, the great
mountain.
Morfa (Wales), a marsh ; Penmorfa.
Muhl (G.), mill ; Altmuhl, the old mill;
Miihlhausen, mill-houses.
Maiden (D.), mouth ; Ijmuiden.
Mull (Celt.), a headland ; Mull of Kin-
tyre.
Mund, Miinde (G.), mouth; Warne-
miinde, town at the mouth of the
Warnow.
Miinster (G.), monastery, minster;
Miinsterberg, minster mountain.
Mynydd (Wales), bald head ; Mynydd-
mawr, the great bald head.
Nadi (Ind. ), river; Mahanadi, great
river ; Kalinadi, river of Kali (wife
of Siva).
Nagor, Nagar, Nuggur (Hind.), town;
Ahmeduagar, town of Ahmed; Chan-
darnagar (Chandernagore), moon-
town.
Nagy (Hung.), great; Nagy-Varad,
same as Grosswardein.
Nahr (Ar.), river; Nahr el Asy, the
Orontes (in Syria).
Nan (Chinese), southern; Nan-king,
southern city (opposite of Pe-king).
Nant (Celt), a brook; Nantfrangon,
Nantglyn, Nantmel.
Negro (It., Sp., Pg.), black; Rio Negro,
black river; Negro -Cerro, black
mountain.
Nemet (Hung.), German.
Ness (Eng.), nose, cape; Holderness,
Dungeness.
Neu (G.), new; Neahaus, new house;
Neubrunn, new fountain.
Nevado or Nevada (Sp.), snowy; Sierra
Nevada, snowy chain of mountains.
Nieder(G.), lower; Niederbronn, lower
well ; Niederlande, the Netherlands.
Nieuw, Nieu (D.), new; Nieuwpoort,
Nieuport, new port.
Nizhnei, Nijnei(E.us.), lower; Nizhnei-
Novgorod, lower new town.
Nor (Mong.), lake; Koko Nor, Lob Nor.
Nov, Novoi, Novaia (E.U8.), new; Nov-
gorod, new town ; Novoi-Cherkask ;
Novaia-Zemlia, new land.
Nuevo, Nueva(Sp.), new; Villa Nueva,
new town.
Nuggur. See Nagor.
Nui (Maori), great; Wanganui, great
valley.
Nuovo, Nuova (It.), new.
Nur (Ind.), light; Nurnagar, Nurpur,
Nurabad, all meaning town of light.
Ny (Sw.), new; Nyborg, new town;
Nykdping, new market.
6 (Hung.), old; d-Becse.
0, Oe, pi. (Eer (Dan., Sw.), island;
Sando, sand island; Samsb, Lesso;
Faroe (Dan. Far CEer), sheep islands.
Ober (G.), upper; Oberkirch, upper
church ; Ober Glogau.
Ohla(Hung.), Walachian.
Ola, Oola (Mongolian), mountain ;
Bogdo-Oola, holy mountain.
Oost (D.), east; Oostburg, east town;
Oostwinkel, east angle or bend.
Or (Teut.), the shore of a river or sea;
Bognor, Cumnor, Elsinore.
Ost, Oster, (Ester (G), east; Oesterreich,
eastern empire, Austria.
Ostrog (Rus.), fortress, as the town
Ostrog iu Volhynia.
Oud, Oude (D), old; Oudenbosch, old
wood ; Oudewater, old water.
Over (Teut.; Ang.-Sax., ofer, G. ii/er),
a shore, Hanover, Overijssel, Wend-
over.
Ozero (Rus), lake ; Bielozersk, town on
Lake Bielo.
Pani (Ind), water; Panigong, water
village.
Para (Ind.), village; Goalpara, cow-
herd's village.
Para (S. Am. Ind.), river, sea; Parana,
Parahiba, bad river ; Paracatu, good
river. The same root is seen in Per-
nambuco = arm of the sea, so called
because a huge rocky reef (Recife)
situated in front of the town forms
a fine natural harbour.
Patam (Hind.), town; Seringapatam,
town of Sriringa or Vishnu.
Pe (Chinese), north, northern ; Pe-king,
the northern city.
Pei (Chinese), white ; Pei-ho, the white
river.
Pen (Celt.), a head, a mountain; Pen-
maennuiwr, Penygent.
(98)
Pic
LIST OF PREFIXES, SUFFIXES, ETC.
She
Pic, Pico (Sp., Pg.), mountain-peak;
Pic du Midi ; Pico de Tenerife, Peak
of Teneriffe.
Pied (Fr), Pie (Ital), Piedmont, Pie-
monte, foot of the mountain.
Pike (Eng.), another form of peak;
Langdale Pikes.
PistiU (Welsh), a waterfall.
Piz (Ruraonsh), mountain-peak ; = It.
pizzo, Sp. pico ; Piz Langard.
Pol, Poli, Polis, Pie (Gr.), town; Sevas-
topol, city of Augustus ; Tripoli, the
three cities; Nicopolis.city of victory;
Constantinople, city of Constantino.
Pole. See Pwll.
Pont (Fr.), Ponte (It. and Pg.), Puente
(Sp), bridge; Pont-du-Ch&teau,
bridge of the castle ; Ponte-San-Pietro,
St. Peter's bridge.
Pont (Welsh), a bridge ; Pontypridd.
Pool. See Pwl.
Poor, Pore, Pur (Hind.), town ; Cawn-
poor, city of the khan or chieftain ;
Jejrpoor, Jjrpoor, city of victory;
Baizapur, white or clean town; Mani-
pur, gem town ; Shikarpur, hunter's
town ; Udaipur, town of happiness.
Porto (It., Pg), harbour; Portobello,
beautiful harbour.
Potaraos, Potamo (Gr.), river; Mavro-
potamo, black river; Aspropotamo,
white river.
Puebla, (Sp.), village, town; Puebla
Nueva, new village or town.
Puerto (Sp.), harbour; Puerto Rico,
rich port, Porto Rico.
Pulo (Malay), island; Pulo Penang,
Areca Island, Penang or Prince of
Wales' Island.
Putra (Ind), son ; Brahmaputra, Brah-
ma's son.
Puy (in Auvergne, Celt), peak; Puy de
Dome.
Pwll, Pool, Pole (Celt.), an inlet or pool;
Pwllheli, Bradpole, Liverpool.
Quebrada(Sp.), ravine, gorge.
Eas (Ar), cape, promontory; Ras-el-
had, cape of danger; Ras-el-Abiad,
white capie.
Rat (Ind). kingdom; Gujrat, kingdom
of the Gurjaras.
Rath ^Erse). an earthen fort or mound;
Rattilin, Rnthmines.
Reich (G.), kingdom, monarchy, do-
minion; Oesterreich (the German
name of which Austria is a corrup-
tion), the eastern kingdom. The
same root appears in Surrey, the
southern kingdom.
Rhaindr, Rhaydr (Welsh), a cataract;
Llaurbaiadr, church of the cataract.
Rhos (Celt.), a moor ; Penrhos ; Eg-
Iwysrhos. The same root is seen in
the English names Rossall and Rush-
olrae.
Rhydd (Welsh), a ford; Llanrhydd,
ford church.
Rio (Sp., Pg.), river ; Rio Grande, great
river; Rio Negro, black river; Entre
Rios, province lying between the
rivers; Rio de la Plata, river of silver.
Rith, Reth (Eng.), running water;
Meldrith, Shepreth.
Ross, Rose (Celt.), a promontory ; Kin-
ross, Roseneath, Melrose.
Roth (G.), red; Rothwasser, red water;
Rothenburg, red castle; Rothen-
thurm, red tower.
Roto (Maori), lake ; Rotomahana, Ro-
torua, Rotokawa (bitter lake), &c.
Royd (Teut.), land cleared of trees;
Huntroyd, Holroyd, Ormeroyd.
Rud, Rood (Per.), river; Heri-rud,
Kash-rud, Keshef-rud.
Saki, Misaki (Japanese), cape; Idsumo-
saki, Kona-saki.
Sal, Sail (Eng.), a stone house ; Kensal,
Walsall, Pelsall, Codsall, Cunsall,
Croxall, Kelsall.
Salinas (Sp.), salt lakes or pools.
Salz (G.), salt; Salzburg, salt castle,
castle on the Salza or salt stream.
San, Santo, or Santa (Sp., Pg., It.),
saint; San-Juan, San-Miguel, Santo-
Domingo, Santa-Rosa.
Sar (Ind.), lake ; Amritsar, lake of im-
mortality ; Hakritsar, lake of weeds.
Scale (Norse), a shepherd's hut ; Port-
inscale, Scalloway.
Scar (Norse), a cliff ; Scarborough, Nab
Scar, Long Scar, Cronkley Scar.
Schnee (G.), snow; Schneekopf, snow-
head, snow-capped mountain.
Schwarz (G.), black ; Schwarzwald, the
Black Forest.
See (G.), lake; Bodensee, the Lake of
Constance; Thunersee, the Lake of
Thun.
Serai, Sarai (Turk.), palace; Ak-Serai,
white palace ; Baktchi-serai, palace
of the gardens.
Serra (Pg), Sierra (Sp.), mountain
range ; Sierra Nevada, snowy range ;
Sierra Morena, black range.
Seter, Ster (Norse), a settlement; El-
lanseter, Ulster.
Sha (Chin.), sand ; Shamo, sand sea.
Shan (Chinese), mountain ; Tian-Shan,
mountains of heaven.
Shaw (Eng.), a wood; Bagshaw, Pol-
lokshaws.
Shehr (Turk., Per), city, house; Eskl-
Shehr, old city.
(»)
Shi
LIST OF PREFIXES, SUFFIXES, ETC.
Tre
Shire (Eng), something shorn off, a
division; Hampshire.
Si (Chinese), west ; Si-Hai, western sea ;
Shansi.
Sima, Shima (Japanese), island; Tsu-
Sima, Tanega-Sima, &c.
Sk (Rus), town; Irkutsk, town on
the Irkut; Tobolsk, town on the
Tobol.
Ski, Skoi, Skoe, Skaia (Rus.), cape;
Chukot-skoi, Kromskaia.
Slieve, Sliebh (Celt.), mountain; Slieve
Bloom. On the Isle of Man this
prefix takes the form Slieu.
Snee Sna3 (Dan., Sw.), snow; Snee-
hsetten, Snehatta, snow-hat, snow-
capped mountain ; Snajfell (Isle of
Man).
Sneeuw (D.), snow; Sneeuwbergen,
snowy mountains.
Soder (Bw.), south; Soderhamn, south
haven.
Spitz, Spitze (G.), peak ; Ortelesspitze,
Zugspitze.
Stadt (G.), Stad (Dan., Sw., and D.),
town, Friedrichstadt, Frederikstad,
Frederick's town.
Stan (Per.), country ; Afghanistan, land
of the Afghans ; Hindustan, land of
the Hindus.
Stanitza (Rus.), village, place of en-
campment.
Staple, Stable (Eng.), a market ; Staple-
ton, Stapleford, Staplegrove, Staple-
hurst, Dunstable, Wliitstable.
Stara (Slav.), old.
Stead (Eng.), a place ; Hampstead.
Steen(D.), stone; Brunsteen.
Stein(G.), stone, rock; Ehrenbreitstein,
broad stone of honour; Lahnstein,
stone of the Lahn.
Ster. See Seter.
Stoke, Stock, Stow (Eng.), a stockaded
place ; Basingstoke, Tavistock, Chep-
stow.
Stor (Sw.), great; Stor A, the great
river ; Stor Skar, great island.
Stow. See Stoke.
Strath (Celt.), a valley; Strathmore,
the great valley.
Su or Soo (Turk.), lake, river; Ak-su,
white river ; Kara-su, black water.
Sul (Pg.). south; Rio Grande do Sul,
grand river of the south.
Szasz (Hung.), Saxon.
Szent (Hung.), saint; Szent-Benedek,
Saint Benedict.
Sziget (Hunj,'.). island, island town,
town at the confluence of rivers.
Ta, Tai (Chinese), great; Ta-Kiang,
great river, a name of the Yang-tse ;
Tai-hu, great lake.
Tag or Tagh (Turk., Per.), mountain;
Agri-Tagh, painful mountain, a name
of Mount Ararat; Muztagh, glacier
mountain ; Dagh is another form of
this word.
Taj (Ind.), crown; Taj Mahal, crown
place.
Tal (Ind.), lake ; Naini-tal, lake of the
goddess Naini.
Tanjong (Malay), cape, point ; Tanjong
Datu, and other capes in Borneo.
Tara (Maori), rock, rocks; Tarawera,
burnt rocks; Te Tarata, tattooed
rocks.
Tarn (in the English Lake District), a
small mountain lake ; Blentarn.
Tau (Turk.), mountain; Koshtan-Tau,
one of the peaks of Caucasus.
Tell (Arab.), a heap, a small hill ; Tell-
el-Kebir, great hill; Tell-es-Safleh,
Tell-Hamar, &c.
Tepetl (Aztek), mountain ; Popoca-
tepetl, mountain of smoke.
Terra (Pg., It.), Tierra (Sp.), earth,
land; Terra or Tierra del Fuego,
land of fire; Tien-a Caliente, hot
country.
Thai (G.), valley; Rheinthal, valley
of the Rhine; Langenthal, long
valley.
Thorpe (A. Sax. = G. dorf), a village ;
Althorpe, Friesthorpe, Northorpe.
Thwaite (in Eng. names of Norwegian
origin), a parcel of land; Bassen-
thwaite ; Seathwaite.
Tian (Chinese), heaven; Tian-Shan,
mountains of heaven.
Tire, Tyre (Celt.), land; Kintyre, head
of the land.
Toft, tot (in Eng. and French names of
Scand. origin), an inclosure ; Lowes-
toft, Totness, Yvetot, Lilletot, Lange-
tot.
Ton (Eng.), an inclosure, village, town ;
Norton, north town ; Sutton, soutli
town; Easton, east town; Weston,
west town; "Walton, walled town;
Acton, oak town ; Boston, Botolphe's
town; Wotton, Wooton, &c., wood
town; Stretton, street town (town
on a Roman road); Overton, upper
town ; Netlierton, lower town ; Mer-
ton, Morton, lake town.
Tor (Celt), a tower-like rock, a hill;
Torquay, Yes-tor, Mam-tor, Hay -tor.
Petit- tor.
Tra (Celt), a strand; Tralee, Ballintra.
Traeth, Draeth (Welsh), an estuary;
Pentraeth, Tref draeth.
Traws (Welsh), across, beyond; Traws-
coed, beyond the wood.
Tre (Celt.), a village; Tredegar, Tre-
neglos, Tregavethan, Tregynon.
(100)
Tri
LIST OF PREFIXEfil, . SUFFIXES, ,' S1JC. .
Zv/'a
Tri (Gr.), three; Tripoli, three cities
(from three Phoenician cities which
anciently stood on this coast).
Tung (Chin), east; Shantung.
Twistle (X. Eng), a boundary, En-
twistle, Oswaldtwistle, Birchtwistle.
Ty (Welsh), a house, Tythegston, Ty-
broughton.
Tyr (Welsh), a tower; Tyr-escob,
bishop's tower ; Tyrymynach.
U (in Afr. names), country, Ukonjo,
Unyoro, Uganda.
TJch, Ucha, Uwch (Welsh), higher;
Gwnnws Ucha, Vaynor Ucha; Llan-
uwchllyn, the church above the pool.
Uchaf (Welsh), highest.
Uj (Hung.), new; Uj-Becse or Turkisch-
Becse.
Um (Frisian form of -ham), Bochum,
Rysum.
Unter(G.), under, lower; Unterwalden,
under or below the woods; Unter
Ammergau.
Ust (Rus.), mouth; Ust-Ishma, town
at the mouth of the Ishma.
Val(It., Sp.), valley; Val d'Arno, valley
of the Arno; Valparaiso, paradise
valley.
Val, Vala (Ind.), town; IS'aroval, Che-
kaval ; Arandval, castor-oil town ;
Mirvala, prince's town.
Valle (Sp., It., Pg.), valley; Valle Her-
moso, beautiful valley; Rio del Valle,
river of the valley.
Var, Vdros (Hung.), fortress, town ;
Temesvar, castle or fortress on the
river Temes.
Vatn, Vat (Norse), a lake; Myvatn
(Iceland) ; OUevat (Hebrides).
Vecchio, Vecchia (It), old; Porto
Vecchio, old port; Civita Vecchia,
old city.
Veld (D.), field; Roggeveld, field or
plain of rye.
Veliki,Velika(Rus.),great;Veliki-Luki
Verkhni, Verchne, Verchnoi (Rus.),
upper ; Verkhni-Kamtchatsk.
Vik (Icel.). bay; Reikjavik, smoke bay.
Villa (It, Sp., Pg), town ; Villa Nova,
Villa Nuova, new town.
Ville. Villiers (Fr. = G. Weiler), town ;
Villeneuve, new town; Abbeville,
abbot's town ; Hardivilliers.
Voe (in Shetland Island, Norse), a bay;
Westvoe, Laxvoe, Ac.
Vorder(G.), in front; Vorderrhein, one
of the head-waters of the Rhine.
Wa (In Af. names), people of ; Wajiwa,
people of the sun ; Wakonja, people
ofUli
Jkonjo.
Wadi, Wady (Ar), valley, a valley with
a river in it, a river ; Wady Moosa,
valley of Moses; Wad-el-Kebir, great
river (hence Guadalquivir).
Wai (Maori), water ; Waikato, flowing
water ; Waipa, still water; Waikare,
bubbling water ; Waiho, new river.
Wald (G.), forest; Schwarzwald, the
Black Forest.
Wath (Eng. from Lat. vadum), a ford ;
Carnwath.
Way. See Wy.
Weiler (G.), village; Badenweiler, vil-
lage of baths.
Weiss (G.), white; Weisskirch, white
church ; Weissenburg, wliite castle.
Well (Eng. = G. Weiler), an abode, a
house, a village ; Kettlewell.
Werder (G. = Eng. worth), Marien-
werder.
Werth (G. = Eng. worth), Kaiserwerth.
Wick, Wich (a very frequent termina-
tion in Eng. names): 1. In names of
Anglo-Saxon origin, an abode, a town;
Chiswick, Hamptonwick, Hawick.
2. In names of Scandinavian origin,
a small bay; Berwick, Eastwick,
Wicklow.
Wiese (G.), meadow; Wiesenthal, mea-
dow valley.
Wold (Eng.), a wood; Cotswold, Wymes-
wold.
Worth, Worthy (Eng.), Worth (G.), a
place warded oflf, an inclosure, a
river island or peninsula; Tamworth,
Kenilworth,Brixworth, Wandsworth,
Woolfardisworthy ; Donauwdrth.
Wy, Way (Celt.), river ; Edwy, Elwy,
Conway, Medway, Solway, Wye.
Wyke (Eng.), a small bay; Rumbolds-
wyke.
Y (Welsh), across ; Bettws-y-coed.
Yama (Japanese), mountain ; Fusi-
Yama, the great mountain.
Yeni(Turk.), new; Yeni-Bazar(=NoTi-
bazar), new market.
Yn, Ym, Yng (Welsh), in, at
Ynys (Welsh ; another form of Ennis,
Inch), island ; Ynyscynhaiarn.
Yr (Welsh), the.
Ys. See Is.
Yspytty (Welsh), hospital; Yspytty
Ystwith.
Ystrad (Welsh), a paved road, a street ;
Ystradgunlaia.
Zee (D.), sea; Zuider Zee, the south
sea (as distinguished from the North
Sea or German Ocean).
Zuid (D.), south; Zuidland, south land.
Zwart,Zwarte(D.), black; Zwarte-berg,
the black mountain.
(101)
SYSTEM OF OKTHOGEAPHY
FOE NATIVE NAMES OF PLACES.
(From the Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society for August, 1885.)
Taking into consideration the present
want of a system of geographical
orthography, and tlie consequent con-
fusion and variety that exist in the
mode of spelling in English maps, the
Council of the Royal Geographical
Society have adopted the following
rules for such geographical names as
are not, in the countries to which they
belong, written in the Roman character.
These rules are identical with those
adopted for the Admiralty charts, and
will henceforth be used in all publica-
tions of the Society.
1. No change will be made in the
orthography of foreign names in coun-
tries which use Roman letters: thus
Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, &c., names
will be spelt as by the respective
nations.
2. Neither will any change be made
in the spelling of such names in lan-
guages which are not written in Roman
character as have become by long usage
familiar to English readers : thus Cal-
cutta, Cutch, Celebes, Mecca, &c., will
be retained in their present form.
3. The true sound of the word as
locally pronounced will be taken as the
basis of the spelling.
4. An approximation, however, to the
sound is alone aimed at. A system
which would attempt to represent the
more delicate inflections of sound and
accent would be so complicated as only
to defeat itself. Those who desire a
more accurate pronunciation of the
written name must learn it on the spot
by a study of local accent and peculia-
rities.
5. 1"he broad features of the system
are, that vowels are pronounced as in
Italian and consonants as in English.
6. One accent only is used, the acute,
to denote the syllable on which stress
is laid. This is very important, as the
sounds of many names are entirely
altered by the misplacement of this
"stress."
7. Every letter is pronounced. When
two vowels come together, each one
is sounded, though the result, when
spoken quickly, is sometimes scarcely
to be distinguished from.a single sound,
as in ai, au, ei.
8. Indian names are accepted as spelt
in Hunter's Gazetteer.
The ampliflcation of the rules is given
below:—
Letters.
Pronunciation and Remarks.
ah, a SLS in father
eh, e as in benefit
English e; i as in ravine; the sound of ee
in beet .. . . Thus, not Feejee, but
as in mote
long w as in flute; the sound of oo in boot.
Thus, not Zooloo, but
All vowels are shortened in sound by
doubling the following consonant.
Doubling of a vowel is only necessary
where there is a distinct repetition of
the single sound.
English i as in ICC . .
ow as in how . . Thus, not Foochoiv, but
is slightly different from above
is the sound of the two Italian vowels, but
is frequently slurred over, when it is
scarcely to be distinguished from ey
in the English they.
(102)
Examples.
Java, Bandna, Somdli, Bari.
Tel-el-Kebir, 0161eh, Yezo,
Medina, Leviika, Peru.
Fiji, Hindi.
Tokio.
Zulu, Sumatra.
Yarra, Tanna,
Jidda, Bonny.
Nuuliia, Oosima.
! Shanghai.
Fuchau.
I Macao.
Beiriit, Belltil.
Mecca,
SYSTEM OF ORTHOGRAPHY.
Letters.
Pronunciation Mid Remarks.
Examples.
b
English &
c
is always soft, but is so nearly the sound
of 8 that it should be seldom used.
If Celebes were not already recognized it
would be written Selebes.
Celebes
ch
is always soft as in church
Chingchin.
d
English d
f
English/, ph should not be used for the
sound of/. Thus, not Haiphong, but
Haifong, Nafa.
g
is always hard. (Soft g is given by j)
is always pronounced when inserted.
Galdpagos.
h
J
English j. Dj should never be put for this
sound.
English *. It should always be put for the
Japan, Jinchuen.
k
hard c . . Thus, not Corea, but
Korea.
kh
The Oriental guttural
Khan.
m
n
Dg
is another guttural, as in the Turkish
Dagh, GhMi
[as in English.
has two separate sounds, the one hard as
in the English word finger, the other as
in singer. As these two sounds are rarely
employed in the same locality, no at-
tempt is made to distinguish between
them.
p
As in English.
should never be employed; qu is given as kw
Ewangtung
i-As in English.
Saw4kin.
is always a consonant, as in yard, and
therefore should never be used as a ter-
minal, i or e being substituted.
Kiktlyu.
Thus, not Mikinddny, but
MikindAnl.
not Kwaly, but
Kwale.
z
English z
Zulu.
Accents should not generally be used, but
Tongatdbu, GaWpagos, Pa-
lawan, Sar&wak.
where there is a very decided emphatic
syllable or stress which affects the sound
of the word, it should be marked by an
acute accent.
(108)
Brief List of Books on
History and Geography
PUBLISHED BV BLACKIE & SON, Limited
HISTORY
The Oxford Ilanuals of English
History.
General Editor— C. W. C. Oman,
M.A., F.S.A., Fellow of All
Souls College ; Chichele Pro-
fessor of Modern History in the
Universityof Oxford. With Maps,
Genealogies, and Index. \s, each.
I. The Making of the English Nation,
55 B.C.-1135 A.D. By C. G. Robert-
son, B.A., Fellow of All Souls College ;
Lecturer in Modem History, Exeter
College.
II. King and Baronage, 1135-1327.
By W. H. Hutton, B.D., Fellow and
Tutor of St. John's College ; Examiner
in the Honour School of Modem
History.
III. England and the Hundred Years'
War, 1 327-1484. By Prof. Oman.
IV. England and the Reformation,
1485-1603. By G. W. Powers, M.A.,
sometime Scholar of New College.
V. King and Parliament, 1603-1714.
By G. H. Wakeling, M.A., Fellow
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J. BRITAIN AND THE BRITISH
EMPIRE
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Philip de Commines— W^arwick the
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Part of the Memoirs 0/ Robert Blakeney,
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2. GENERAL HISTORY
Richard Knolles — Wars with the
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Prescott— The Capture of Mexico.
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Motley— W^illiam the Silent. Chapters
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Horace Walpole's Letters on France
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3. ANCIENT HISTORY
Thucydides— The Siege of Syracuse.
(From Nicoll's translation, 1550.)
Plutarch— Life of Alexander. (North's
translation, 1579.)
LivY— Hannibal in Italy. (Holland's
translation, 1600.)
Plutarch— Life of Julius Caesar.
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Plutarch— Lives of Brutus and Co-
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Josephus— The Siege of Jerusalem.
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Gibbon— The Age of the Antonines.
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Am.mianus Marcelunus— Julian the
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