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WITH the present volume of " Physico-Chemical Tables," which contains the concluding portions of the Tables of Physical Chemistry, the commencement of which will be found in Volume I., together with a valuable and exhaustive series of tables specially applicable to the operations of analytical chemistry, the work of the late John Castell-Evans is brought to a close. The work in its present form may be regarded as a fitting monument to the energy,, perseverance, and deep devotion of the author, who has not, unhappily, been spared to reap that harvest of gratitude which his labours have so truly merited from those who, like himself, have engaged in the furtherance of the Exact Sciences. But the work itself is a tangible record of the minute pains which the Author so assiduously brought to bear upon his life's work, and which shed lustre upon the College he so worthily served. In a collection of tables of this nature it is almost inevitable that the individual worker in any special branch of applied chemistry will find much for which he may have no immediate or apparent use. On the other hand, it is seldom that, in compilations of this nature, even the individual worker can hope to find all that he requires. The aim of the Author of the present work has throughout been to provide not only every requisite for those engaged in the industrial applications of any given department of chemistry, but to supply the data required in all those departments, and to supply them thoroughly. From this point of view, the two volumes which constitute the present work may be regarded as absolutely unique. It is at once the triumph of science and the despair of its votaries that the vast progress made from year to year, and, indeed, almost from day to day, soon renders the theories of yesterday obsolete and challenges the most careful investigations and calculations of the past. The physical constants, the atomic weights, and the fundamental units upon which all accurate calculations must necessarily be based, are at all times undergoing minute and painstaking revision by experts who bring to the elucidation of the problems involved the newer methods and the most accurate appliances which the progress of science has placed at their disposal. The process of revision tends always towards perfection, and the data now placed in the hands of scientific workers are V 229846 vi PUBLISHERS' NOTE. believed to be as near perfection as time and circumstances will allow, the investigations of the leading scientists all over the world and the results of the most recent physical and chemical investigation having been laid under contribution in order to secure that accuracy and precision which alone can justify the existence of a work of this nature. Indeed, so careful was the Author to ensure that his work should possess the utmost degree of accuracy, that he was, to the last, engaged in the recalculation of numerous tables which had appeared in the earlier volume, in the light of later research ; and in the Supplementary Tables which appear at the end of the present volume will be found all the material necessary for bringing the numerical results into accordance with the " Orders in Council " and the Regulations issued by the Board of Trade as recently as March 1907. Of the value of the work as a whole there can be no two opinions. The tables now collected together in handy compass and arranged so that the maximum convenience of reference in their consultation has been attained, are at once more numerous and more copious than any similar collection of tables previously published, while their selection and arrangement has been such as to render the invaluable data they contain most readily accessible. The Publishers venture, therefore, to hope that the welcome accorded the earlier volume may be extended to the present volume, and that those for whom the work has been prepared will find it of such general use and assistance that it may be truly felt, by all concerned, that the labours of the late distinguished author have not been in vain. NOTES ON THE USE AND APPLICATION OF THE MOST IMPORTANT TABLES. PART III. PHYSICS continued. Table LXX. Molecular Dynamics. IN this table will be found all the data necessary for the calculation of the volumes and pressures of gases by formulae which combine Charles' or Boyle's law and Gay-Lussac's law, and are the outcome of Avogadro's original hypothesis respecting the relation of the number of gaseous molecules to the volumes they occupy. The succeeding table, LXXA., gives values of U and P for various gases, and is followed by data relating to molecular speeds, according to Meyer. Table LXXs. deals with the subject of the speed of sound waves in a medium, and is followed by tables which give the speed of sound in gases, in liquids, in solutions and mixed liquids, in solids, and in dry air. Table LXXn. gives the values of N" for simple liquids, and embodies the figures for a large number of organic liquids, the values of mixed liquids and solutions being further continued in Tables LXXn.2, LXXn.3, SA, SB, 3c, 3o, and SB. The absolute viscosities of water, alcohol, and bromine are made the subjects of the next three tables, and the specific viscosities of a large number of com- pounds are given in the remaining tables relating to this section. The molecular volumes of liquids are given in Table LXXp. Table LXXL Capillarity and Surface Tension. This is the commencement of a series of tables relating to capillarity and surface tension, including the capillarity constants of water, alcohol, benzol, acetone, carbon disulphide, and ether, and the surface tension of the first four substances. These tables are amplified in LXXlE. for a number of other sub- stances, whilst the relations between surface tension and temperature will be found in Table LXXIr. The surface tension of solids, given in a short table vii Vlll NOTES ON THE USE OF THE TABLES. relating to Laplace and Van der Waall's constants will be found in Tables LXXfs. and LXXIi. Table LXXIL Physical Properties of Solutions. The next series of tables gives the physical properties of solutions, and is distributed into sub-tables, giving the boiling points and concentration of aqueous solutions, the vapour tension and boiling points of aqueous solutions of glycerol, and comprehensive specific gravity tables of ammonia solutions and solutions of the caustic alkalies, carbonates, and commercial acids, followed by tables of specific gravities of the solutions most commonly employed in chemical operations. These tables will be found exceedingly useful in chemical works and in dye works or bleaching establishments. The solubility of gases will be found in Table LXXIII. Table LXXIV. Molecular Weights. The various methods of ascertaining molecular weights have been given at considerable length, including the cryoscopic method, the boiling method, and the distillation of mixed liquids. The tables will be found exceedingly useful for those engaged in the atomic weight determinations and the observation of paper densities. PART IV. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTEY. In the tables given in this, the concluding portion of the work, the values of the atomic weights adopted in the calculations are those of the International Committee, as issued in 1904, and for all ordinary purposes these may be regarded as substantially correct. Table LXXV. may be commended to the use of analysts, as by its means they will be able to compute the results of the weighing in of the end-products of gravimetric methods by a simple inspection of the columns. The list of factors includes nearly every substance likely to be required in analytical operations, the logarithms and the factors being, in every case, given to seven figures. The table covers forty-two pages and is for use in volumetric analysis. The remaining tables of this series are applicable to gas and water analysis, to acidimetry, alcoholometry, and all the ordinary volumetric operations. Table LXXVI. will be found useful in breweries and distilleries, as well as in the laboratories of public analysts and in those used for excise work, as they give extensive readings of the alcoholometer and figures for the dilution of alcohol, with the estimation for specific gravity of aqueous solutions. The mass and volume of absolute alcohol between and 20 degrees C., as calculated by Winkler and Mendelejeff respectively, are given in the concluding tables of this series. NOTES ON THE USE OF THE TABLES. IX Tables LXXVII. and LXXVIII. These tables give the weight of various substances in various aqueous solutions, and will be found useful in local analysis and for the purposes of the physiological laboratory. SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES. The Supplementary Tables give a recalculation of weights and measures in accordance with the " Orders in Council " and Regulations issued by the Board of Trade in March 1907. As these figures supersede those given on pages 48-53, Vol. I., careful note should be taken in all calculations requiring extreme accuracy to substitute the latter and more authoritative values. CONTENTS. PAGE PUBLISHERS' NOTE, . . . . . . . . v NOTES ON THE USE OF THE TABLES, . . . . . . vii PART III. PHYSICS continued. Molecular Dynamics, Kinetic Theory of Gases, etc., ..... 550 Table LXXA. Values of 17 and R for various gases, ..... 553 Molecular speeds, . . . . . . . . . .557 Table LXXs. Values of U, n, and W according to Meyer, . . . .559 ,, ,, c. Values of U, fi, and W for various gases and vapours, . . . 560 ,, ,, D. Values of fit for various vapours, ...... 562 ,, ,, E. Speed of sound waves, ....... 564 ,, ,, EJ. Speed of sound in gases, ....... 566 ,, ,, E 2 . Velocity of sound in liquids, ...... 568 ,, ,, E 3 . ,, ,, solids, ...... 569 ,, F!. ,, ,, dry air from -40 C. to + 60 C., . . .572 ,. ,, G. Viscosity or internal friction of gases and vapours, . . . 576 ,, ,, 1. Values of 77 for substances boiling below C. , . . 576 ,, ,, 2. ,, ,, vapours that liquefy under ordinary atmospheric pressure, under C., . . . . 579 ,, ,, 3. Variation of the value of TJ with change of temperature, . . 583 ,, ,, H. Viscosity of liquids, . . . . . . . 585 ,, ,, 1. Values of 77 for simple liquids, ..... 585 ,, ,, 2. Values of TJ for mixed liquids and solutions, . . . 610 ,, ,, 3. Variations of r) with temperature, etc. , .... 624 ,, ,, 3&. Values of constants in Slotte's 1st equation, . . . 626 ., ,, 3c. ,, ,, in Slotte's equation, . . . 629 ,, ,, 3d. Values of a and in Poiseuille's equation, . . . 632 ,, ,, 4. The absolute viscosity of water from C. to 100 C., . . 635 ,, 5. ,, ,, alcohol from C. to 72 C., . . 636 ,, ., 6. ,, ,, ,, bromine, . 637 ,, ,, 7. Specific viscosities, ....... 637 ,, ,, 8. Absolute viscosities of some solutions, . . . . 648 ., ,, I. (1) Viscosity and chemical structure, ..... 652 ,, ,, (2) Chemical structure and viscosity of liquids at their boiling points, . 653 ,, ,, (3) Chemical structure and viscosity of liquids when ^77/^ = '0000323, . 655 ,, (4) ,, ,, ,, ,, when d-njdt = 0'0000987, . 657 ,, ,, J. Time of flow of unit volume of liquid, . . . . 658 ,, ,, K. Effusion and diffusion of gases, . . . . . . 659 ,, ,, KJ. Coefficients of diffusion of gases into one another, . . . 662 ,, ,, K 2 . Diffusion coefficients of various vapours into air, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide, ........ 663 ,, ,, K 3 . Variation of D with temperature, . . . . . 665 ,, ,, L. Molecular dimensions, mean free path, etc. , .... 666 ,, ,, LJ. Values of L, Q, F, and s for substances which are gaseous at C. under atmospheric pressure, . . . . . . .670 xi Xli CONTENTS PAGE Table LXXio. Values of L, Q, F, and s for substances which are liquid at C. under atmospheric pressure, ....... 674 ,, ,, M. Values of d, V, L, and s (0. E. Meyer's calculation), . . . 681 ,, ,, N. Values of V calculated from critical volume, .... 683 ,, ,, o. Values of b, v, etc., for same difficulty, . . . . . 683 Molecular volumes, etc. , of liquids, . . . . . . .684 Table LXXp. Comparison of molecular volumes in the liquid and gaseous states at normal boiling point, ........ 688 ,, LXXI. Capillarity and surface tension, ...... 708 ,, ,, A. Capillarity constants of water, alcohol, benzol, acetone, carbon disulphide, and ether, centigrade scale, . . . . . .714 ,, ,, B. Capillarity constants of water, alcohol, benzol, acetone, carbon disulphide and ether, Fahrenheit scale, ...... 718 ,, ,, c. Surface tension. Values of a (centigrade scale), .... 725 ,, ,, D. ,, ,, (Fahrenheit scale), . . . .728 ,, E. Capillarity constants of various liquids, ..... 733 Influence of temperature on surface tension, etc., ..... 748 Table LXXlF. Relations between surface tension, etc., and temperature (from R. Schiff s determinations), ....... 750 ,, ,, FJ. Relations between surface tension, etc., and temperature (various), . 754 Capillarity constants of solutions, . . . . . . .756 Table LXXlG x . Capillary moduli, . . . . . . . .757 ,, ,, G 2 . (A) Concentration 0'7 normal, ...... 759 G 3 . (B) 1-5 ... . 759 ,, ,, G 4 . Solutions of sodium chloride, . .761 ,, ,, G 5 . ,, potassium chloride, ...... 762 ,, G 6 . ,. ,, carbonate, ...... 762 ,, ,, G 7 . ,, sodium ,, . . . . . 763 ,, ,, o 8 . ,, zinc sulphate, ...... 763 ,, ,, G 9 . Aqueous solutions of fatty acids, ...... 764 ,, G 10 . ,, alcohol, . . 764 ,, ,, G. * Capillarity constants for aqueous solutions ,, ,, (A) Quincke's experiments, ... . 766 ,, ,, (B) P. Volkmann's experiments, ..... 770 tj ,, H. Quincke's values for surface tension of substances against air (a a ), water (a rt ^) or other liquid, ...... 775 ,, ,, i. Surface tension of fused metals, ...... 776 ,, ,, j. ,, ,, etc., of liquefied gases, ..... 781 ,, ,, K. Surface tension and the media in contact with the liquid, . . 782 }J L. Relations between surface tension and various other properties, . . 785 ,, M. Experimental results obtained by Rb'ntgen and Schneider, . . 786 ,, N. Values of a 2 /c 2 '* n^Uj = WjjU., = ra 3 U~ = etc. Under the same pressure we have _N l ~ _ " VOL. II. 2 N 550 and at the same temperature, m^JS = m. 2 \J~J3 = m 3 U 3 /3, therefore ^ = ^- 2 = ^- 3 = etc. M V 2 V 3 and if V t = V 2 = V 3 = etc. we get Nj = N. 2 = N 3 = etc. which is Avogadro's law that " under like conditions as to temperature and pressure, equal volumes contain the same number of gaseous molecules." On any thermodynamic scale of absolute temperature we get T = rmU 2 and wU 2 = - r or putting = R, we get PV = RT, oT PV or --T-R, a constant. r> Boyle's Law. When T is constant PV = -- = K 1 a constant, or the volume varies inversely as the pressure. -y- u Gay Lussac's Law. When P is constant = =R 2 a constant, i.e., the volume varies directly as the absolute temperature. In these equations we virtually consider the molecules as mere points, having each a definite mass but practically occupying no space ; the deductions are therefore only approximations to the truth. In Table LXXA. in columns 4 and 6 on pp. 553-4, U denotes the volume in litres of a metric mol, i.e., gramme molecule; in the corresponding columns on pp. 555-6 the same letter denotes the volume in cubic feet of a British mol, i.e., a pound-molecule Avoirdupois. Leduc gives (C.R. cxiii. 186) the following values of F under 760 mms. For hydrogen, 2 2 '41 litres oxygen, 22'39 ,, nitrogen, 22 '34 ,, Mean value, 22'38 giving R = 0-0819. For 1 grm. under 760 mms. at C. we get from the data given on p. 308, ante, the following values for Y : For air V= 0-7732768 litres hydrogen V= 11-1279266 oxygen V= 0*6997930 ,, 551 So when P is given in grammes per centimetre square and V in litres, we have for 1 grm. of air at C. PV = 1033-2428 x 07732768 litres = 798-982677 When P is given in dynes per cm 2 ., PV = 783476-7287 Taking C.=273 on the absolute thermodynamic scale of temperature we get for 1 grm. of air (V being expressed in litres) P expressed in atmospheres, R = 0'0028325 mms. ofHg, R = 2-1527119 grms. per cm 2 ., R = 2'9266765 dynes per cm 2 ., R = 2869*8781272 and for 1 grm. of hydrogen P expressed in atmospheres, R= 0-0407616 mms. ofHg, R = 30-9788434 grms. per cm 2 ., R= 42-1166670 dynes per cm 2 ., R = 41299*3039973 and for 1 grm. of oxygen P expressed in atmospheres, R = 0-002563344 mms. ofHg, R= 1 '948141688 grms. per cm 2 ., R = 2-648557070 dynes per cm 2 ., R = 2597-15621928 For an ideal gas 1 grm. of which, at C. under a pressure of 760 mms. of mercury, would occupy exactly one litre, we have P expressed in atmospheres, R = 0*003665 mms. ofHg, R= 2*t83882 grms. per cm 2 ., R= 3*784772161 1 dynes per cm 2 ., R = 3711*3206544176 For an ideal gas 1 grm. of which, at C. under a pressure of 1 metre of Hg, occupies one litre, we have P expressed in atmospheres, R = 0-00278388 mms. ofHg, R= 2*1157509157 grms. per cm 2 ., R= 2*8764268425 dynes per cm 2 ., R = 2820*6036973574 If R a denote the value of R for any gas A under any given conditions, and R 6 the value for any other gas B under the same conditions, then R 6 = R ft //\ where _mass of 1 litre of B -* mass of 1 litre of A Nernst gives PV C p C^ = = R in calories ; T where C p = molecular heat of gas under constant pressure, and C v = at constant volume. 1 * litre-atmosphere ' = 1033000 c.grm. units of works = (1033000/42750) calories = 24' 17 calories and as R = 0*0819 litre-atmosphere, he gets R= 1*980 calories = 2 calories very nearly. 552 Ostwald gets C P -C V = 84688 c.grm. units of work, and 84688/42355 = 2 calories very nearly. These values work out a little different when the most recent values are taken for the weights of the various gases and for J : thus for oxygen we get Cp - Ct, = 841 19 c.grm. units of work J = 42740 (C P -C,)/J= 1-963 calories so for all ordinary gases and for a large number of vapours the approximation 2 calories is considerably too high. In the Table LXXA. the values of R for Fahrenheit temperatures can be easily calculated from those given by simply multiplying by 5/9, i.e., Thus, R c for hydrogen = 0'08152 under one atmosphere. of 0-08152 = 0*04076 ~ of 0-04076 = 00453 very nearly 6 .'. R^. =0-04529. In the table the standard of molecular weights has been taken as H 2 = 2 ; the values of 17 and R for the standard 2 = 32 can be easily calculated by multiplying those in the table by -_ = = 1-007556675. Putting V H for value corresponding to H 2 = 2, and 31*76 397 V for value corresponding to 2 = 32, we get where A = V H ^ 150, B = A-v-8, C = B- 15, D = C-r50, E = D-:-140, andF = E-r!S. Thus for F under 1 grm. per cm 2 , we get V H = 22995-7 A= 153-3 B= 19-2 C= 1-3 .-. V^ = 23169-5 The instances in which it will be found necessary to proceed beyond C will be very few. 553 TABLE LXXA. Values of F and K, for various Gases. Substance. P in Atmospheres 760 mms. of Hg. P in Metres of Ice-cold Hg. Name. Formula. Molec. Weight. -S R U R Hydrogen, ...... H 2 2-00 22-2559 0-08152 16-9144 0-06196 Nitrogen, ....... N 2 27-86 22-1550 08115 16-8378 06168 Oxygen, 2 3176 22-2256 08141 16-8915 06189 Fluorine, ....... F 2 3770 23-1369 08475 17-5840 06441 Chlorine, ....... of, 70-36 21-8909 08019 16-6371 06094 Hydrogen fluoride, ..... HF 19-85 21-5402 07890 16-3705 05997 Carbon monoxide, . . . . CO 2779 22-2046 08134 16-8755 06181 Nitric oxide, ...... NO 29-81 22-1861 08127 16-8614 06176 Hydrogen chloride, ... HC1 36-18 22-2748 08159 16-9388 06205 Hydrogen bromide, ..... HBr 80-36 227538 08335 17-2929 06334 Hydrogen iodide, ..... HI 126-90 22-1360 08108 16-8234 06162 Hydrogen sulphide, . H 2 S 33-82 21-9379 08036 16-6728 06107 Carbon dioxide, ..... C0 2 43-67 22-0855 08090 16-7850 06148 Nitrous oxide, ...... N 2 43*74 20-9561 07676 15-9266 05834 Carbonyl sulphide, COS 59-61 21-9021 08023 16-6456 06097 Sulphur dioxide, ..... S0 2 63-58 21-5920 07909 16-4099 06011 Nitrosyl chloride, ..... NOC1 64-99 21-7555 07969 16-5342 06058 Chlorine peroxide, ..... CIO., 66-94 22-2159 08138 16-8841 06185 Hydrogen selenide, . . H. 2 Se 80-80 22-3545 08188 16-9894 06223 Chlorine monoxide, ..... C1 2 86-24 22-1767 08123 16-8543 06174 Hydrogen telluride, ..... H 2 Te 128-04 22-0562 08079 16-7627 06140 Ammonia, ...... NH 3 16-93 22-1854 08126 16-8609 06176 Acetylene, ...... C 2 H, 25-82 21-7022 07950 16-4937 06042 PH, 33-82 21-5422 07891 16-3721 05997 Cyanogen, ...... C 2 N 51-72 22-1401 08110 16-8265 06164 Boron trifluoride, ..... BF 3 67-47 22-5623 08264 17-0473 06244 Arsine, ....... AsH 3 77-43 22-1981 08131 16-8705 06180 Phosphorus trifluoride, .... PF 3 87-37 22-3565 08189 16-9909 06224 Carbonyl chloride, . . COCL 98-15 21-6540 07932 16-4570 06028 Marsh gas, ...... CH 4 15-91 22-0639 08082 16-7686 06142 Methyl fluoride, ..... CHoF 33-76 21-3981 07838 16-2625 05968 Methyl chloride, CH 3 C1 50-09 22-3763 08196 17-0060 06229 Methylene fluoride, ..... CH 2 F, 51-61 22-0491 08077 16-7573 06138 Silicon tetrafluoride, ..... SiF 4 103-58 22-2489 08150 16-9092 06194 Phosphorus oxyfluoride, .... POF 3 103-25 21-6959 07947 ! 16-4989 06044 Ethylene, . . . ... C 2 H 4 27-82 21-8357 07998 16-5952 06078 Phosphorus pentafluoride, PF 5 125-07 21-5398 07890 16-3703 05996 Phosphorus chlor-fluoride, PC1 2 F 3 157-67 22-5783 08271 17-1595 06286 Methyl amine, ...... NH 2 CH, 30-84 22-0814 08088 16-7818 06147 Allylene, ....... C 3 H/ 39-73 22-2319 08144 16-8963 06189 Ethane, ....... C 9 H fi 29-82 21-4503 07857 16-3023 05972 Ethyl fluoride, Ethyl chloride, C 2 H 5 F C 2 H 5 C1 47-67 64-00 21-6836 22-3027 08053 08169 16-4795 16-9501 06036 06209 Propylene, ...... C 3 H 6 41-73 21-5413 07891 16-3714 05997 Methyl ether, ...... (CH 3 ) 2 45-70 21-8545 08005 16-6094 06084 Ethyl amine, ...... NH 2 C 2 H 5 44-75 22-0016 08059 167212 06125 Butylene, ....... C 4 H 8 55-64 22-2364 08145 16-8996 06190 Butane, P H o^. n ^0 57-64 22-1750 08123 16-8530 06173 Butyl fluoride, ...... C 4 H 9 F 5 75-49 22-6258 08288 17-1956 06299 554 TABLE LXXA. continued. Substance. P in Grammes per cm. Square. P in Me^a-dynes per cm. Square. Name. Formula. Molec. Weight. F R F R Hydrogen, ...... Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine ....... I" 2 a HF CO NO HC1 HBr HI H 2 S C0 2 N 2 COS S0 2 NOC1 C10 2 H 2 Se C1 2 H 2 Te NH 3 C 2 H 2 PH 3 C 2 N 2 BF 3 AsH 3 PF 3 COC1 2 CH 4 CH 3 F CH 3 C1 CH 2 F 2 SiF 4 POF 3 PC1 2 F 3 NH 2 CH 3 C 3 H 4 C 2 H 6 C 2 HC1 (CH. ? ),0 NH 2 C 2 H 5 C 4 H 8 2-00 27-86 31-76 37-70 70-36 19-85 27-79 29-81 36-18 80-36 126-90 33-82 43-67 43-74 59-61 63-58 64-99 66-94 80-80 86-24 128-04 16-93 25-82 33-82 51-72 67-47 77-43 87-37 98-15 15-91 3376 50-09 51-61 103-58 103-25 27-82 125-07 157-67 30-84 39-73 29-82 47-67 64-00 4173 45-70 44-75 55-64 57-64 75-49 22995-7 22891-5 22964-4 23906-2 22618-7 22256-3 22942-7 22923-7 22995-3 23510-2 22871-9 22663-9 22819-7 21652-7 22630-2 22309-8 22478-7 22954-5 23097-6 22913-9 22789-4 22922-9 22423-6 22258-3 22876-1 23312-3 22936-0 23099-6 22373-8 22797-4 22109-4 23120-2 22782-1 22988-5 22417-1 22561-6 22255-9 23328-8 22815-4 22971-0 22163-4 22404-4 23044-1 22257-4 22581-0 22733-0 22975-6 22912-1 23578-0 84-2333 83-8516 84-1187 87-5685 82-8524 81-5249 84-0392 83-9696 84-2319 86-1179 83-7798 83-0179 83-5886 79-3139 82-8945 81-7209 82-3396 84-0824 84-6066 83-9337 83-4777 83-9667 82-1308 81-5322 83-7952 85-3930 84-0147 84-6139 81-9553 83-5070 80-9868 84-6894 83-4507 84-2070 82-1139 82-6432 81-5234 85-4535 83-5729 84-1429 81-1846 82-0674 84-4107 81-5289 82-7144 83-2711 84-1596 83-9272 86-3663 22-5628 22-4606 22-5322 23-4561 22-1929 21-8373 22-5108 22-4921 22-5820 23-0676 22-4413 22-2405 22-3902 21-2451 22-2042 21-8898 22-0556 22-5224 22-6628 22-4825 22-3604 22-4914 22-0015 21-8393 22-4455 22-8735 22-5042 22-6648 21-9526 22-1287 21-6933 22-6850 22-3532 22-5558 21-9951 22-1369 21-8369 22-8897 22-3859 22-5386 21-7462 21-9827 22-6103 21-8384 22-1560 22-3051 22-5431 22-4808 22-9371 0-08265 08227 08254 08592 08129 07999 08246 08239 08272 08450 08220 08147 08201 07782 08133 08018 08079 08250 08301 08234 08191 08239 08059 08000 08222 08386 08243 08302 08041 08106 07946 08309 08188 08262 08057 08109 07999 08384 08200 08256 07966 08032 08282 07999 08116 08170 08242 08235 08402 Hydrogen fluoride ..... Carbon monoxide, ..... Nitric oxide Hydrogen chloride, Hydrogen bromide, ..... Hydrogen iodide, ..... Carbon dioxide, Nitrous oxide, ...... Carbonyl sulphide, ..... Sulphur dioxide, Chlorine peroxide, Hydrogen selenide, ..... Chlorine monoxide, ..... Hydrogen telluride, ..... Ammonia, ...... Phosphine, ...... Cyanogen, ...... Boron trifluoride, Phosphorus trifluoride, .... Carbonyl chloride, Methyl fluoride, Methyl chloride, ..... Methylene fluoride, Silicon tetrafluoride, ..... Phosphorus oxy fluoride, .... Phosphorus pentafluoride, Phosphorus chlor-fluoride, Methyl amine, ...... Allylene, ....... Ethane, Ethyl fluoride, Ethyl chloride, Propylene, . . Methyl ether, Ethyl amine, ...... Butylene, . . .... Butane, ....... Butyl fluoride, ..... 555 TABLE LXXA.- :ontinued. Substance. P in Atmospheres 30 Inches of Hg. P in Inches of Ice-cold Hg. Name. Formula. Molec. Weight. F R V R Hydrogen, ...... 2-00 355-581 1-30249 10667-4 39-0747 Nitrogen, ....... N 2 27-86 353-969 29659 10619-1 38-8978 Oxygen, o 2 2 31-76 355-097 30072 10652-9 39-0216 Fluorine, ....... 37-70 369-658 36175 11089-7 40-6216 Chlorine, ....... oi 70-36 349-751 28114 10492-5 38-4341 Hydrogen fluoride, ..... HF 19-85 344-147 26061 10324-4 37-8183 Carbon monoxide, ..... CO 27-79 354-761 29949 10642-8 38-984(5 Nitric oxide, . . . . . NO 29-81 354-467 29841 10634-0 38-9524 ! Hydrogen chloride, ..... HC1 36-18 355-884 30360 10676-5 39-1081 HBr 80-36 363-536 331 fi3 10906-1 39'9491 Hydrogen iodide, ..... HI 126-90 353-606 29526 10608-2 38-8579 Hydrogen sulphide, ..... H 2 S 33-82 350-502 28389 10515-0 38-5165 Carbon dioxide, ..... C0 2 43-67 352-860 29253 10585-8 38-7758 Nitrous oxide, ...... N 2 43-74 334-831 22638 10044-9 36-7868 Carbonyl sulphide, . . cos 59-61 349-929 28179 10497-9 38-4538 Sulphur dioxide, ..... 80. 63-58 344-974 26364 10349-2 37-8322 Nitrosyl chloride, . . NOC1 64-99 347-587 27321 10427-6 38-1963 Chlorine peroxide, ..... C10 2 66-94 354-943 30016 10648-3 39-0048 Hydrogen selenide, ..... HJ3e 80-80 357-157 30827 10714-7 39-2480 Chlorine monoxide, ..... C1 2 86-24 354-315 29786 10629-5 38-9359 Hydrogen telluride, ..... H 2 Te 128-04 352-391 29081 10571-7 38-7242 Ammonia, ...... NH 3 16-93 354-453 29836 10633-6 38-9509 Acetylene, ...... C 2 H 2 25-82 346-735 27009 10402-0 38-1026 Phosphine, ...... PH 3 33-82 344-179 26073 10325-4 37-8220 Cyanogen, ...... C 2 N 2 51-72 353-731 29572 10611-9 38-8714 Boron trifluoride, ..... 67-47 360-476 32042 10814'3 39-4590 A^TT 77-43 354-658 29911 10639-7 38-9733 Phosphorus trifluoride, .... -ii.o.l"Lj PF 3 87-37 357-188 30838 10715-6 39-2513 Carbonyl chloride, ..... COC1 2 98-15 345-964 26881 10378-9 ! 38-0179 Marsh gas, ...... CH 4 15-91 352-514 29126 10575-4 38-7377 Methyl fluoride, ..... CH 3 F 33-76 341-877 25230 10256-3 37-5689 Methyl chloride, ..... CH 3 C1 50*09 357-506 30954 10725-2 39-2864 Methylene fluoride, ..... CH 2 F 2 51-61 352-277 29039 10568-3 38-7117 Silicon tetrafluoride, . . . . SiF 4 103-58 355-470 30209 10664-1 39-0626 Phosphorus oxyfluoride, .... POF 3 103-25 346-634 26972 10399-0 38-0916 Ethylene, C 2 H 4 27-82 348-869 27791 10466-1 38-3374 Phosphorus pentafluoride, 125-07 344-141 26059 10324-2 37-8176 Phosphorus chlor-fluoride, PC1 2 F 3 157-67 360-732 32136 10821-9 39-6407 Methyl arnine, ...... NH 2 CH 3 30-84 352-793 29220 10583-8 387685 Allylene C 3 H 4 39-73 355-198 30109 10625-9 38-9227 C 2 H 6 C 2 H 5 F 29-82 47-67 342-711 346-438 25535 26900 10281-3 10393-1 37-6604 38-0700 Ethyl fluoride, Ethyl chloride, Propylene, ...... Methyl ether, C 2 H 5 C1 (CH^O 64-00 4173 45-70 356-330 344-164 349-169 30523 26068 27901 10689-9 10324-9 10475-1 39-1569 37-8202 38-3702 Ethyl amine, ...... NH 2 C 2 H 5 44-75 351-519 28767 10545-6 38-6301 Butylene, ....... C 4 H 8 55-64 355-268 30135 10d58-0 39-0405 Butane, ....... 48 57-64 354-288 29776 10628-6 38-9328 Butyl fluoride, o&Ji 75-49 361-492 32415 10844-8 39-7244 556 TABLE LXXA. continued. Substance. P in Pounds per Inch Square. P in Poundals per Inch Square. Name. Formula. Molec. Weight J7 R R Hydrogen, H 2 2-00 5329-28 19-1915 168561 617-439 Nitrogen, ....... 27-86 5215-54 19-1045 167797 610-795 Oxygen, o 2 2 31-76 5232-16 19-1654 168332 616-601 Fluorine, ....... Fa 37-70 544670 19-9513 175234 641*883 Chlorine, ....... cL 70-36 5153-38 18-8768 165797 607-315 Hydrogen fluoride, ..... HF 19-85 5070-81 18-5744 163141 597-586 Carbon monoxide, ..... CO 2779 5227-21 19-1473 168172 616-015 Nitric oxide, ...... NO 29-81 5222-87 19-1314 168033 615*505 Hydrogen chloride, ..... HC1 36-18 524375 19-2079 168704 617-963 Hydrogen bromide, ..... NBr 80-36 5356-51 19-6209 172332 631*253 Hydrogen iodide, ..... HI 126-90 5210-18 19-0849 167625 614*011 Hydrogen sulphide, H 2 S 33-82 5164-44 18-9174 166153 608*619 Carbon dioxide, ..... C0 2 43-67 5199-19 19-0447 167271 612-714 Nitrous oxide, ...... N 2 43-74 4933-54 18-0716 158724 581*363 Carbonyl sulphide, ..... COS 59-61 5156-01 18*8865 165882 607*626 Sulphur dioxide, . . . S0 2 63-58 5082-90 18-6187 163533 599*022 Nitrosyl chloride, NOC1 64-99 5121-50 18-7601 164771 603-557 Chlorine peroxide, ..... C10 2 66-94 5229-89 19-1517 168259 616-333 Hydrogen selenide, ..... H.,Se 80-80 5262-50 19-2755 169308 (520-176 Chlorine monoxide, ..... Cf 2 86-24 5220-64 19-1452 167962 615-245 Hydrogen telluride, H 2 Te 128-04 5192-23 19-0192 167050 611-905 Ammonia, . . . . . NH 3 16-93 5222-67 19-1307 168026 615-480 Acetylene, ...... C 2 H 2 25-82 5108-94 18-7141 164367 602-077 Phosphine, . . . . . PH 3 33-82 5071-28 18-5761 1(J3156 597-641 Cyanogen, f C 2 N 2 51-72 5212-03 19-0917 167684 614-227 Boron trifluoride, ..... BF 3 67-47 5311-42 19-4558 170882 625-941 Arsine, . . . . . * . AsH 3 77-43 5225-68 19-1417 168123 615-835 Phosphorus trifluoride, .... PF 3 87-37 5262-97 19-2783 169323 620-231 Carbonyl chloride, ..... COC1 2 98-15 5097-59 18-6725 163955 600-568 Marsh gas, ...... CH 4 15-91 5194-10 19-0260 167107 612-114 Methyl fluoride, ..... CH 3 F 3376 5037-34 18-4518 162065 593-645 Methyl chloride, ..... CH 3 C1 50-09 5267-65 19-2954 169473 620-780 Methylene fluoride, ..... CH 2 F 2 51-61 5190-61 19-0132 166995 611-703 Silicon tetrafluoride, ..... SiF 4 103-58 5237-65 19-1855 168508 617-245 Phosphorus oxyfluoride, .... POF 3 103-25 5107-46 18-7086 164320 602-015 Ethylene C 2 H 4 27-82 i 5130-38 18-7924 165379 605*784 Phosphorus pentafluoride, PF 5 125-07 5070-72 18-5741 163138 597-590 Phosphorus chlor-fluoride, . . . PC1 2 F S 157-67 5315-18 19-4695 171003 626-385 Methyl amine, .... . NH~C1-L 30*84 5198-91 19-0411 167249 612*634 Allylene - -4 <> 39-73 5218-91 19-1169 167906 615-040 Ethane, ....... C,H fi 29-82 5049-66 18-4969 162460 595-092 Ethyl fluoride, ; C 2 H 5 F 47-67 5104-57 18-6981 164227 601-564 Ethyl chloride, C 2 H 5 C1 64-00 5250-32 19-2319 168916 618-739 Propylene, ...... C,H 6 4173 5071-07 18-5534 163149 597-615 Methyl ether, Ethyl amine, ...... (CH 3 ) NH 2 C 2 H 5 45-70 44-75 5144-81 5179-43 18-8454 18-9723 165521 (506-305 166635 610-386 Butylene, ....... C 4 H 8 55-64 5234-68 19-1746 168413 616-896 Butane, ....... C 4 H ]( 57-64 5220-24 19-1218 167948 615-195 Butyl fluoride, ...... C 4 H ;) F, 75-49 5326-38 19-5106 171363 027-703 557 Molecular Speeds. The expression U = x/3P/p gives us u that speed which all the molecules would have if, without addition or subtraction of energy, the speeds of all were made equal," i.e., U is simply the square root of the mean of the squares of all the individual speeds, or if n be the number of molecules and U 15 U 2 , U 3 , ..... U B be the individual speeds of each molecule respectively, then The value U thus calculated (generally denoted by G by German writers) is neither the mean velocity nor the most probable velocity of molecular agitation. 0. E. Meyer gives O = The arithmetical mean value of the speeds W = The most probable value of the speed = U >/2/3. and = The mean probable value of the speed = 1*0875 W. -U 8 + .... U B ) 3 ' n ' " <> i.e., 2 Propyl formate, 87-40 80-4 29090 )) Butyl chloride, 91-82 78 28290 Steudel Iso, . 91-82 68-5 27900 ?> Tertiary, . 91-82 52 27210 55 Ethylene chloride, . . . 98-18 83-5 27570 55 Ethylidene 98-18 59-9 26630' 55 Isobutyl formate, 101-31 97-9 27640 L. Meyer & Schumann Ethyl propionate, 101-31 122-2 27680 55 Methyl butyrate, Iso, 101-31 92-0 27440 5) Popropyl acetate, 101-31 100-9 27680 J) Ethyl bromide, 108-18 38-4 24530 Steudel Amyl formate, 115-22 123-2 26820 L. Meyer & Schumann Isobutyl acetate, 115-22 116-4 26580 55 Ethyl butyrate, 115-22 119-8 26700 55 Iso, . 115-22 110-2 26370 55 Methyl valerate, 115-22 116-7 26720 55 Propyl propionate, . 115-22 136-8 26750 55 Chloroform, . . 118-45 61-2 24290 Steudel .... 118-45 23810 Puluj Propyl bromide, 122-09 70-8 24280 Steudel Isopropyl 122-09 60-0 23890 J5 Isobutyl propionate, . 129-13 136-8 25770 L. Meyer & Schumann Ethyl valerate, 129-13 134-4 25690 55 Propyl butyrate, 129-13 142-7 25960 5> 563 TABLE LXXD. continued. Substance. / *-\ Name. Jft i l t Authority. Trichlor-ethane, 132-36 74-2 25530 Steudel Isobutyl bromide, 136-00 92-3 23720 Methyl iodide, . 140-81 44-0 21700 }> Ethylene chlorobromide, . 142-36 104-5 23560 Amyl propionate, 143-04 160-2 25180 L. Meyer & Schumann Isobutyl butyrate, 143-04 156*9 25070 Isobutyl isobutyrate, . ' . 143-04 146-5 24770 Carbon tetrachloride, 152-63 76-7 21890 Steudel Ethyl iodide, .... 154-72 72-3 21600 i Amyl butyrate, . . 156-95 178-7 24550 L. Meyer & Schumann Iso, 156-95 169-0 24280 Isobutyl valerate, 156-95 168-7 24810 Propyl iodide, .... 168-63 1020 21580 Steudel Butyl iodide, .... 182-54 ! 130-0 21510 Isobutyl iodide, 182-54 120-0 21240 Ethylene bromide, 186-54 131-6 21320 Bromoform, .... 250-99 151-2 j 18820 ' 1 DISTRIBUTION OF SPEEDS, ETC. According to Maxwell's law the curve representing the propable distribution of molecular speeds has the equation y = 4:7r~*-.v 2 e~ x ' 2 . And the arithmetical mean value where km = p!2P, so V 7T/>~ x 1-5957691216. Out of every N molecules, if n represent the number which move with a velocity w in a direction making angles s and < with reference to a fixed axis, and if the gas have a velocity of translation =o then, n = And if v = number of all that move with a velocity between w and iv + dw we get ds sin se - k " t( 564 and if the gas have no motion of translation : This will give a maximum value for v when kmur = 1, and the value of w which gives this result will be the most probable velocity, i.e., o> = W. And as already stated, .% (p/2P)W 2 =l and W 2 W~.JP/~px 1-4142135624 1-7320508076. 0. E. Meyer finds that for oxygen at C. W = 376'6 metres per second ; and he calculates that out of every 1000 molecules 13 to 14 molecules have a speed below 81 166 214 202 151 91 76 82 167 215 203 152 92 77 between 100 and 200 100 metres per second 200 300 400 500 600 above 700 300 400 500 600 700 With the usually accepted atmosphere = 7(50 mm. of ice-cold mercury = P = 1013190-538656 dynes per cm. square, we get U = 1743-436725/Vp O = 1606-259169/Vp O = 1548-0672617^ W=1423-510125/Vp TABLE LXXs. Speed of Sound Waves. Closely connected with the speeds of the molecules is speed of sound waves in a medium. Newton's formula for the speed of sound waves where e = elasticity of substance, and v = volume of unit mass, gave results considerably too low. By introducing into this expression Laplace's correction we get the equation which is sufficiently accurate for all practical purposes ; here * = c p /c v as before. For gases we may take e = P, and for all substances v = ; the Newtonian formula P then becomes 565 and the corrected expression w = ijxpjp or co 2 = We have already seen that U 2 = 3P/p therefore ft> 2 = U 2 . = Q 2 . -~. 3 8 Now if X be the length of a sound wave, and n = the number of vibrations per second, then ( = nX and as n and A can be experimentally determined, we have an almost direct method of determining , and consequently U and O. For most gases (i.e., all with diatomic molecules) we may put K= 1*405 and ~l-1853 N /P/p=Q-68435TJ=0-7427935Q. As to the variation of . Gas or Vapour. Calculated Experimentally determined. rc. Authority, etc. ni6tr6S per second. Metres per Feet per second. second . Air 331-78 348-08r. 1142 ? Derham, 1708 337 1105'6r. 6 Frencli Academy, 1738 340-9 1118'4r. 15-9 Bureau des Longitudes, 1822 332-4 1090'6r. Stampfer & Myrbach, 1823 332-77 1091 -8r. Moll and v. Beek, 1823 333* 1092'5r. Dulong, 1829 332-4 1090'6r. Bravais and Martin, 1845 333* 1092'5r. Masson, 1857 330-66* 1084'9r. Le Roux, 1863 331-37 1088-9r. Regnault (short dist.), 1864 33071 1085 'Or. ,, (inter, dist), 1864 329-9 1082 -4r. ,, (long dist), 1864 332-06 1089 -4r. Schneebeli, 1869 332 -41r. 1090-6 Stone, 1871 332-5 1090'9r. Kayser, 1877 331-898* 1088 'Dr. Wiillner, 1878 331-676 1088 -2r. Blaikley, 1884' 331-2 1086 -6r. Violle and Vautier, 1888 &331-4* 1087 -3r. to 100 Gerosa and Mai, 1888 305-6 1002 -en -45'6 Greely, 1888 3097 1016-lr. -37'8 J> >5 317-1 1040'4r. -25-7 } > > J 326-1 1069'9r. -10-9 3 3 99 Hydrogen 12., -61 1269-5* 4165'lr. Dulong, 1829 1286-362* 4220'4r. Zoch, 1866 Coal gas 490-437* 1609 -lr. Methane 431-87 431-82* 1416 7r. Masson, 1857 Ammonia 418-85 415-00* 1361 -8r. 415-99* 1365 'Or. Wiillner, 1878 Water vapour 405-84 401* 1315'6r. Masson, 1857 402-4* 1320'2r. 93 Jiiger, 1889 410-0* 1345 -2r. 96 >j Carbon monoxide 337-64 337-129* 1106'lr. Wiillner, 1878 Ethylene 317-73 314* 1030 -2r. Dulong, 1829 318-73* 1045 -7r. Masson, 1857 315-902* 1036'4r. Wiillner, 1878 .Nitric oxide 326-00 325* 1066'3r. Masson, 1857 Oxygen 315-84 317-17* 1040 -6r. Dulong, 1829 Hydrogen sulphide 296-55 289-27* 949-lr. Masson, 1857 Hydrogen chloride 295-92 297-00* 974-4r. ? Carbon dioxide 260-20 567 TABLE LXXE^ continued. Values of o>. Gas or Vapour. Calculated Experimentally determined. re. Authority, etc. second. Metres per Feet per second. second. Carbon dioxide 261-6* 858'3r. Dulong, 1829 256-83* 842'6r. Masson, 1857 281-91* 9247r. Zoch, 1866 259-283* 850 -7r. Wullner, 1878 263* 862 -9r. Martini, 1880 Laughing gas 259-94 259-636* 851-Sr. Wullner, 1878 264* 866'lr. Martini, 1880 Alcohol vapour 23371 230-59* 756 -5r. Masson, 1857 271-0 889 -lr. 80 to 85 Neyreneuf, 1886 235-7* 773-3?-. 48 Jager, 1889 Cyanogen No data. 229-48* 752 -9r. Masson, 1857 Sulphur dioxide 211-56 209 00* 6857r. >> Chlorine 212-20 206-4* 677 '2r. Martini, 1880 205-3* 673 -6r. Strecker, 1881 Ether vapour 180-31 179-20* 587 -9r. Masson, 1857 194-4* 627 -8r. 35 to 40 Neyreneuf, 1886 183-1* 6007r. 20 to 23 Jager, 1889 Carbon disulphide No data. vapour 189-00* 620'lr. Masson, 1857 Silicon tetrafluoride No data. 167-40* 549 -2r. J5 5> Bromine vapour 141-28 135-0* 442 -9r. Strecker, 1881 Iodine vapour 112-16 107-7* 353 -3r. Where r is affixed to numbers in cols. 3 and 4, it denotes that they have been calculated from the corresponding numbers in the other column. In this table K is taken as 1*405 for gases composed of diatomic molecules ; for all others the values are taken from experimental results. * In all cases where an asterisk is inserted in col. 3, the numbers give the velocity of sound in pipes filled with the; gas or vapour: this is never quite the same as in a large mass of the gas. Von Helmholtz gives the formula where w = Velocity of sound in tube filled with gas. w A = Velocity of sound in large, practically unconfined, mass of gas. D = Diameter of tube. N = Frequency of the note sounded. C = A constant which, according to v. Helmholtz, has a value depending only on the friction coefficient of the gas, but according to Kirchhoff it depends on other things as well. The velocity of sound also depends on the intensity, but the law relating to this has not been satisfactorily indicated. 568 TABLE LXXE 2 . Velocity of Sound in Liquids. We have, for all substances, w*E#/p where E^ represents the adiabatic elasticity. Putting E0 for the isothermal elasticity, which can be determined by direct experiments, we have, Now for liquids, Cp - c v = a 2 VTE* where a = Co-efficient of cubical expansion, V = Volume of unit mass, T = Absolute temperature. The quantities c p , E0, a and V being determined experimentally, we can easily calculate c v and E^. For water at the point of maximum density (practically = 4 C.) we must have a = 0, and consequently c p = c v and E^ Ee. Therefore at 4 C. w in water = and Eg, in absolute units, = 2 '03 x 10 10 practically, and p = 1 so w in cms. per second = ^20300000000 = 142478 The velocity at C. would be higher, as a would then be negative. (1) Water and Simple Liquids. Values of . Description. tC. Authority, etc. Metres Feet pei- per second. second. Water, Lake of Geneva, .... 1435 4708r. 8'l Colladon and Sturm, 1827 Seine 1437-1 4714'9r. 15 Wertheirn, 1848 1528-5 5014 -8r. 30 ....... 1652-2 5420 -6r. 50 1724-7 5658 -5r. 60 5 ... 1399 4589 -9r. 3-9 Mart ni, 1888 1437 4714'6r. 137 , . 1457 4780 -2r. 25-2 Alcohol ethylic (absolute), 1264 1159-8 4147r. 3805 -2r. 8'4 23-0 Wertheim, 1848 Ether, 1145 3756 -6r. Martini, 1888 1159 3802 -5r. Wertheim, 1848 Oil'of turpentine, .... 1371 1212-3 4498'lr. 3977 '4r. 3-5 24 Martini, 1888 Wertheim, 1848 Petroleum 1395 4576 -8r. 7'4 Martini, 1888 569 TABLE LXXE. 2 . continued. (2) Solutions and Mixed Liquids. Values of o>. Description. *C. Authority, etc. Metres Feet per per second. second. Alcohol (11%) + water 1496 4908 -2r. 4-4 Martini, 1888 Concentrated solution of NaCl 1561-6 5123'4r. 18-1 Wertheim, 1848 > ) > 1661 5449 -5r. 14-7 Martini, 1888 NaN0 3 1669-9 5478 7r. 20-9 Wertheim, 1848 j> i > j > 1650 5413'4r. 15-3 Martini, 1888 Na a CO, 1594-4 5231 'Or. 22-2 Wertheim, 1848 Solution of Na 2 S0 4 (11 78%) . 1525-1 5002 -9r. 20-0 " > > Concentrated solution of Na 2 S0 4 1583-5 5195'3r. 18-8 >> >> 1528 5013 "2r. 147 Martini, 1888 Concentrated solution of KN0 3 1515 4970'5'A 14-4 > Solution of CaCl 2 (43 '42 %) 1979-6 6494 7r. 2-2'5 Wertheim, 1848 TABLE LXXE 3 . Velocity of Sound in Solids. In cords and thin bars we may have lateral shrinkage or expansion accompanying longitudinal disturbances, and in such cases y~E~ where E = Modulus of Elasticity (see Table XIX.). (see Table In solids extended in every direction we may have sound waves, i.e., waves of longi- tudinal disturbance, propagated with the velocity : /3K + 4U For rods where the diameter is very great we have from the first equation given in this sub-section Eo = po>- We can by Kundt's dust method determine w in rods and bars with a fair degree of accuracy, and p being easily ascertained, we can thus make very close approximations to the value of E. The values in the following table marked with an asterisk are calculated on the sup- position that the velocity of sound in air at C. is 332 '4 12 metres per second : the original investigators gave their results in terms of the velocity in air. 570 TABLE LXXE 3 . continued. (1) Metals. Value of w in Description Metres per second. Feet pei- second. f 0. Authority, etc. Aluminium, . . 5110-8* 16767-9 Masson, 1858 Cadmium, ...... 2309-5* 7577-2 j Cobalt, 4730'* 15519-5 3 ) ) J Copper, ....... 3988*9* 13087-1 Chladni, 1802 j j . . - . 3829-3* 12563-4 Masson, 1858 ,, ....... 3670-4* 12042-1 10 Weitheim, 1844 y 5 . 3557-8* 11672-7 . 15 to 20 > j Gold 2084-1* 6837-7 Masson, 1858 ,, uiiannealed, ..... 2114-8* 6938-4 10 Wertheim, 1844 ,, annealed, . . 1743-4* 5719-9 15 to 20 > 5 Iron, ....... 5130-0* 16830-9 15 to 20 J5 J> , 5021-9* 16476-2 Masson, 1858 , wire. ...... 4918-8* 16137-9 10 to 20 Wertheim, 1844 , steel, 5139* 16860-4 (Calculated) ,, soft 4988* 16365-0 15 to 20 Wertheim, 1844 , ,, blue temper, .... 4886-3* 16031-3 10 j j . 4946-1* 16227-5 Masson, 1858 5099-0* 16729-2 Kundt, 1866 Lead, pure, ...... 1321-6* 4336-0 Masson, 18o8 soft, 1228-9* 4031-9 15 to 20 Wertheim, 1844 Magnesium, ...... 4602 15098-6 Melde, 1892 Nickel, ....... 4979-5* 16337-1 Masson, 1858 Palladium, ..... 3077-8* 10097-9 10 Wertheim, 1844 3260-9* 10698-6 Masson, 1858 Platinum, 2795-6* 9172-0 5> J 5 ,, not annealed, .... 2736-8* 8979-1 10 Wertheim, 1844 annealed, ..... 2688-2* 8819-6 15 to 20 5> J? Silver, 2645-0* 8677-9 Masson, 1858 hard, ...... 2677-7* 8785-2 10 Wertheim, 1844 ,, soft, 2608-4* 8557-8 15 to 20 53 Tin, 2493-1* 8179-5 Chladni, 1802 j, * . . 2643-7* 8673-6 Masson, 1858 j 9 2493-4* 8180-5 13 Gerosa, 1888 Zinc, 3703-1* 12149-4 Masson, 1858 3685-5* 12091-6 13 Gerosa, 1888 (2) Alloys. 3483-7* 11429-6 Masson, 1858 ,, unannealed, ..... 3239-0* 106267 Wertheim, 1844 ,, rod 5 mm. thick, .... 3613-8* 11856-4 Kundt, 1866 ,, another similar rod 3629-9* 11909-2 5> Zn 5 Sn, 3336-4* 10946-3 13 Gerosa, 1888 ZnSn, 2982-7* 9785-9 13 >5 J> ZnSn 2 , 2711-2* 8895-1 13 J > " 571 TABLE LXXE 3 . continued. (3) Various Solids. Value of w in Description. Metres per Feet per t C. Authority, etc. second. second. Glass, 5991 19655-7 Stefan, 1868 , , 5066-0* 16620-9 Kundt, 1866 5202'2* 170677 15 to 17 Warburg, 1869 Burnt clay, ...... 3656-5* 11996-5 Chladni, 1802 Ivory, 3016-4* 9896-4 Ciccone & Campanile, 1891 Wood, beech, ...... 3412 11194-3 Melde, 1892 ,, cork (bark), 430 to 530 141-1 to 144 -4 ,, }> fir, 5256 17244-3 Stefan, 1868 4179 13710-8 Melde, 1892 i, oak 3381 11092-6 Shellac, 1320 43307 Stefan, 1868 Paraffin, 1305-6* 4283-5 15 to 17 Warburg, 1869 Stearin, ....... 13797* 4f>26-6 15 to 17 3 1 35 Suet, 460 1509-2 18 Stefan, 1868 Tallow, 390-2* 1280-2 15 to 17 Warburg, 1869 Wax, 863-6* 2833-4 15 to 17 > 5 > . 880 2887-2 17 Stefan, 1868 , , 630 2066-9 25 5> 451 1479-7 28 J J Caoutchouc string, ..... 46 150-9 1872 , black vulcanised, . 54-0 177-2 Exner, 1874 > >> ... 307 1007 50 ? red vulcanised, 69-3 227-4 3 ... 36-6 120-1 57 J J J J > ... 33-9 111-2 70 5> ) > , hose, ..... 25 to 30 82 to 98-4 Stefan, 1868 , grey vulcanised rod, 43-2 1417 Exner, 1874 32-3 106-0 45 > , ,, ,, very hard, 150 492-1 Stefan, 1868 Tissue paper stretched with 100 grms., 1989 6525-7 Melde, 1892 Writing,, , 900 2107 6912-8 } , Cotton string , 1000 ,, 1260 4133-9 , Linen string , 1000 ,, 1815 5954-8 > Black oilcloth , 1000 ,, 559 1834-0 , Sheepskin dressed red , 100 ,, 471 1545-3 572 TABLE LXXF r Velocity of Sound in Dry Air, from - 40 C. to + 60 C. From the Data of Ciccone and Campanile. Values of in Values of w in Values of u in rc. Metres Feet tC. Metres Feet lC. Metres Feet per second. per second. per second. per second. per second. per second. 1 -40 305-37 1001-9 -22 f 5 316-65 1038-9 - 5 327-55 1074-6 - 39-5 305-70 1003-0 -22 316-97 1039-9 - 4-5 327-86 1075-7 -39 306-03 1004-0 -21-5 317-28 1041-0 - 4 328-16 1076-7 -38-5 306-36 1005-1 -21 317-60 1042-0 - 3-5 328-47 1077-7 -38 306-68 1006-2 -20-5 317-92 1043-1 - 3 328-77 1078-7 -37-5 307-01 1007-3 -20 318-24 1044-1 - 2-5 329-08 1079-7 -37 307-34 1008-3 -19-5 318-55 1045-1 - 2 329-38 1080-7 -36-5 307-67 1009-4 -19 318-87 1046-2 - 1-5 329-69 1081-7 -36 307-99 1010-5 -18-5 319-18 1047-2 - 1 329-99 1082-7 -35-5 308-32 1011-6 -18 319-49 1048-2 - 0-5 330-30 1083-7 -35 308-64 1012-6 -17-5 319-81 1049-3 330-60 1084-7 -34-5 308-97 1013-7 -17 320-12 1050-3 + 0-5 330-90 1085-7 -34 309-29 1014-7 -16-5 320-43 1051-3 1 331-21 1086-7 -33-5 309-61 1015-8 -16 320-75 1052-3 1-5 331-51 1087-6 -33 309-93 1016-8 -15-5 321-06 1053-4 2 331-81 1088-6 -32-5 310-26 1017-9 -15 321-37 1054-4 2-5 332-11 1089-6 -32 310-58 1019-0 -14-5 321-68 1055-4 3 332-41 1090-6 -31-5 310-91 1020-1 -14 321-99 1056-4 3-5 332-72 1091-6 -31 311-23 1021-1 -13-5 322-31 1057-5 4 333-02 1092-6 -30-5 311-55 1022-2 -13 322-62 1058-5 4-5 333-32 1093-6 -30 311-86 1023-2 -12-5 322-93 1059-5 5 333-62 1094-6 -29-5 312-18 1024-3 -12 323-24 1060-5 5-5 333-92 1095-5 -29 312-51 1025-3 -11-5 323-55 1061-5 6 334-22 1096-5 -28-5 312-83 1026-4 -11 323-86 1062-5 6-5 334-52 1097-5 -28 313-15 1027-4 -10-5 324-17 1063-6 7 334-82 1098-5 -27-5 313-47 1028-5 -10 324-48 1064-6 7-5 335-12 1099-5 -27 313-79 1029-5 - 9-5 324-79 1065-6 8 335-42 1100-5 -26-5 314-11 1030-6 9 325-09 1066-6 8-5 335-72 1101-5 -26 314-43 1031-6 - 8-5 325-40 1067-6 9 336-02 1102-4 - 25-5 314-75 1032-7 - 8 325-71 1068-6 9-o 336-31 11034 -25 315-07 1033-7 - 7-5 326-02 1069-6 10 336-61 1104-4 - 24-5 315-39 1034-8 fj 1 326-33 1070-6 10-5 336-91 1105-4 -24 315-70 1035-8 6-5 326-63 1071-6 11 337-21 1106-3 -23-5 316-02 1036-8 - 6 326-94 1072-6 11-5 337-50 1107-3 ' -23 316-34 1037-9 - 5-5 327-25 1073-6 12 337-80 1108-3 573 TABLE t C. Values of o> in f 0. Values of w in f C. Values of in t~F. Values of o> in Metres per second. Feet per second. Metres per second. Feet per second. Metres per second. Feet per second. -40 305-37 1001-9 -5 317-89 1043-0 30 329-92 1082-4 -39 305-74 1003-1 -4 318-24 1044-1 31 330-26 1083-5 -38 306-10 1004-3 -3 318-59 1045-3 32 330-60 1084-7 -37 306-47 1005-5 _ 2 318-94 1046-4 33 330-94 1085-8 -36 306-83 1006-7 -1 319-28 1047-5 34 331-27 1086-9 -35 307-19 1007-9 319-63 1048-7 35 331-61 1088-0 -34 307-56 1009-1 1 319-98 1049-8 36 331-94 1089-1 -33 307-92 1010-3 2 320-33 1051-0 37 332-28 1090-2 -32 308-28 1011-4 3 320-68 1052-1 38 332-61 1091-3 -31 308-64 1012-6 4 321-02 1053-2 39 332-95 1092-4 -30 309-00 1013-8 5 321-37 1054-4 40 333-28 1093-5 -29 309-36 1015-0 6 321-72 1055-5 41 333-62 1094-6 -28 309-71 1016-1 7 322-06 1056-6 42 333-95 1095-7 -27 310-07 1017-3 8 322-41 1057-8 43 334-28 1096-8 -26 310-43 1018-5 9 322-75 1858-9 44 334-62 1097-9 -25 310-79 1019-7 10 323-10 1060-0 45 334-95 1099-0 -24 311-14 1020-8 11 323-44 1061-2 46 335-28 noo-o -23 311-50 1022-0 12 323-79 1062-3 47 335-61 1101-1 -22 311-86 1023-2 13 324-13 1063-4 48 335-95 1102-2 -21 312-22 1024-4 14 324-48 1064-6 49 336-28 1103-3 -20 312-57 1025-5 15 324-82 1065-7 50 336-61 1104-4 -19 312-93 1026-7 16 325-16 1066-8 51 336-94 1105-5 -18 313-29 1027-9 17 325-50 1067-9 52 337-27 1106-5 -17 313-64 1029-0 18 325-84 1069-0 53 337-60 1107-6 -16 314-00 1030-2 19 326-19 1070-2 54 337-93 1108-7 -15 314-36 1031-4 20 326-53 1071-3 55 338-26 1109-8 -14 314-71 1032-5 21 326-87 1072-4 56 338-59 1110-9 -13 315-07 1033-7 22 327-21 1073-5 57 338-92 1112-0 -12 315-42 1034-9 23 327-55 1074-6 58 339-25 1113-0 -11 315-77 1036-0 24 327-89 1075-8 59 339-58 1114-1 -10 316-13 1037-2 25 328-23 1076-9 60 339-91 1115-2 - 9 316-48 1038-3 26 328-57 1078-0 61 340-23 1116-3 - 8 316-83 1039-5 27 328-91 1079-1 62 340-56 1117-3 - 7 317-18 1040-6 28 329-24 1080-2 63 240-89 1118-4 - 6 317-54 1041-8 29 329-58 1081-3 64 341-21 1119-5 575 TABLE LXXF . continued. *F. Values of in t~F. Values of o> in F. Values of o> in Metres per second. Feet per second. Metres per second. Feet per second. Metres per second. Feet per second. 65 341-54 1120-5 91 349-91 1148-0 116 357-79 1173-9 66 341-87 1121-6 92 350-23 1149-1 117 358-10 1174-9 67 342-19 1122-7 93 350-55 1150-1 118 358-42 1175-9 68 342-52 1123-8 94 350-87 1151-2 119 358-73 1176-9 69 342-84 1124-8 95 351-19 1152-2 120 359-04 1178-0 70 343-17 1125-9 96 351-51 1153-3 121 359-35 1179-0 71 343-49 1126-9 97 351-82 1154-3 122 359-66 1180-0 72 343-81 1128-0 98 352-14 1155-3 123 359-97 1181-0 73 344-14 1129-1 99 352-46 1156-4 124 360-28 1182-0 74 344-46 1130-1 100 352-77 1157-4 125 360-58 1183-0 75 344-78 1131-2 101 353-09 1158-4 126 360-89 1184-0 76 345-11 1132-3 102 353-41 1159-5 127 361-20 1185-0 77 345-43 1133-3 103 353-72 1160-5 128 361-51 1186-1 78 345-75 1134-4 104 354-04 1161-6 129 361-81 1187-1 79 346-07 1135-4 105 354-35 1162-6 130 362-12 1188-1 80 346-39 1136-5 106 354-67 1163-6 131 362-43 1189-1 81 346-71 1137-5 107 354-98 1164-6 132 362-74 1190-1 82 347-04 1138-6 108 355-29 1165-7 133 363-04 1191-1 83 347-36 1139-6 109 355-61 1166-7 134 363-35 1192-1 84 347-68 1140-7 110 355-92 1167-7 135 363-66 1193-1 85 348-00 1141-7 111 356-23 1168-7 136 363-96 1194-1 86 348-32 1142-8 112 356-55 1169-8 137 364-27 1195*1 87 348-64 1143-8 113 356-86 1170-8 138 364-58 1196-1 88 348-96 1144-9 114 357-17 1171-8 139 364-88 1197-1 89 349-28 1145-9 115 357-48 1172-8 140 365-19 1198-1 90 349-60 1147-0 576 TABLE LXXo. Viscosity or Internal Friction of Gases and Vapours. (1) Values of y (Coefficient of Viscosity in absolute units) for substances boiling below C. Description. tC. *< Authority, etc. Air, .... 12 0-00275 Calculated by 0. E. Meyer from BessePs (1828) result with pendulum. 0-0001683 Graham, (transpiration) 1846 20 1900 53 33 177 calculated by 0. E. Meyer (1866) 3842 Girault, (pendulum), 1860, calculated by 0. E. Meyer. 18 216 Girault, (pendulum), 1860, calculated by 0. E. Meyer. 8-3 333 O. E. Meyer, oscillating discs, 1863 21-5 323 33 3j 33 34-4 366 33 3> 33 17-6 185 0. E. Meyer, under diminished pressures, 19-6 218 33 33 3) 33 20-1 162 3) )J )) S3 21-6 122 '5 33 i) 3) 1878 Maxwell, oscillating discs, (improved) 1866 20 1980 33 31 33 31 18 200 O.E. Meyer, oscillating discs, (improved) 1871 19 196 33 31 ) 33 20 1880 0. E. Meyer and Springmiihl 1873 172 )3 3J 51 1789 Puluj, oscillating discs, (improved) 1874 1800 M 33 3) J3 1708 v. Obermayer, (transpiration), 1875 15 179 Kundt and Warburg, (oscillations), ,, 25-7 1890 , (oscillations), 1876 100 2250 33 31 J 20 1917 Puluj 1822 )' 33 3 16775 v. Obermayer, (transpiration), , 17696 E. Wiedemann , 167 v. Obermayer, (transpiration), , 168 33 3) 3 171 0. E. Meyer, (capillary passage), 1877 170 33 33 3 174 33 33 3 1750 Puluj, (oscillations), 1878 16-7 1830 33 33 33 1679 Schumann,oscillatingdiscs,(improved) 1 884 171 Schneebeli, (transpiration), 1885 17155 Tomlinson, (oscillation, with cylinders), 1886 577 TABLE LXXo. (I) continued. Description. tC. * Authority, etc. Ammonia, 0-0000957 Graham 1846 0980 calculated by 0. E. Meyer. 20 1080 55 JJ 55 Argon, . 208 Lord Rayleigh, (transpiration), calculated by 0. E. Meyer. Carbon dioxide, . 1414 Graham. 145 calculated by 0. E. Meyer. 20 1600 55 20 1614 Maxwell. 20 1568 v. Lang 1871 20 1600 0. E. Meyer and Springmiihl. 15 1520 Kundt and Warburg. 1432 Puluj 1876 19-9 1528 ' 5) 13821 v. Obermayer. 14972 Schumann. 12-8 1422 55 100 1972 M ,, monoxide, . 163 Graham. 167 ,, calculated by 0. E. Meyer. 20 184 5) 16252 v. Obermayer. Chlorine, 1287 Graham. 20 1470 Cyanogen, . 0948 20 1070 Ethylene, 0966 099 calculated by 0. E. Meyer. 20 109 >> > 09222 v. Obermayer. Helium, 165 Lord Eayleigh (1896), transpiration, calcu- lated by 0. E. Meyer. Hydrogen, . 0822 Graham. 084 ,, calculated by O. E. Meyer. 20 093 M 20 097 Maxwell. 20 113 0. E. Meyer and Springmiihl. 15 0923 Kundt and Warburg. 086055 v. Obermayer. 0875 Warburg. 0893 Puluj 1876 15-85 09285 55 1 0870 1878 578 TABLE LXXo. (I) continued. Description. tG. ^ Authority, etc. Hydrogen, . 21'l 0-0000915 Puluj 1878 087 O. E. Meyer. chloride, 1379 Graham. 141 ,, calculated by 0. E. Meyer. 20 156 J> 33 >3 ,, sulphide, 1154 33 118 ,, calculated by 0. E. Meyer. 20 130 53 33 3> Methane, 104 33 106 calculated by 0. E. Meyer. 20 120 3 33 3) Methyl chloride, . 1025 3 105 , calculated by 0. E. Meyer. 20 116 ) 33 33 ether, 0905 j 092 , calculated by 0. E. Meyer. 20 102 3 33 33 Nitrogen, 1635 J 167 , calculated by 0. E. Meyer. 20 184 3 33 33 166 v. Obermayer. 16856 5) Nitric oxide, 1645 Graham. 1680 ,, calculated by 0. E. Meyer. 20 1860 33 '5 J) Nitrous oxide, 1048 JJ 144 ,, calculated by 0. E. Meyer. 20 160 33 >3 J 13533 v. Obermayer. Oxygen, 191 Graham, calculated by 0. E. Meyer. 20 212 JJ J> 5) 197 5) 3) 199 )) 55 )J 1873 v. Obermayer. 20 206 ii Sulphur dioxide, . 1225 Graham. 125 ,, calculated by O. E. Meyer. 20 138 13 )> )> TABLE LXXG. continued. (2) Values of 77 for the Vapours that liquefy, under ordinary Atmospheric Pressure, above C. Description. fG. *< Authority, etc. Acetic acid, . 119-1 0-0001060 L. Meyer and Schumann 1881 Acetone, 0725 Puluj 1878 18 0780 55 Alcohol, 0827 j> 16-8 0885 55 78-4 1420 Steudel 1882 Amyl butyrate, 178-7 1550 L. Meyer and Schumann 1881 iso- butyrate, 169-0 1550 55 55 )J formate, 123-2 1600 55 55 5) propionate, . 160-2 158 55 55 Benzol, 0709 Puluj. 0689 )> 71-7 138 L. Meyer. 72-1 141 55 75-9 144 55 81-0 151 88-7 156 5> 19-0 07915 Schumann. 70-1 1007 55 100 1176 55 19-0 07723 ,, as given by 0. E. Meyer. 70-1 09842 55 55 55 100 1148 55 55 J5 Bromoform, . 151-2 253 Steudel. i-Butyl acetate, 116-4 155 L. Meyer and Schumann. 0701 Schumann. 16-1 0764 55 100 112 55 Butyl alcohol, normal, . 116-9 143 Steudel. iso, . 108-4 1445 55 tertiary, . 82-9 1600 55 i-Butyl bromide, . 92-3 1795 55 butyrate, . 156-9 167 L. Meyer and Schumann. ^-butyrate, 146-5 158 55 JJ Butyl chloride, normal, . 78 1495 Steudel. iso, 68-5 1500 55 tertiary, 52 1495 )J 2-Butyl formate. . 97-9 172 L. Meyer and Schumann. 07139 Schumann. 17-7 08301 55 1 63-6 09721 55 580 TABLE LXXo. (I) continued. Description. tC. ^ Authority, etc. fc-Butyl formate, . 99-9 0-0001142 Schumann. Butyl iodide, normal, . 130 2020 Steudel. iso, . 89-3 2015 55 2-Butyl propionate, 136-8 164 L. Meyer and Schumann. ,, valerate, . 168-7 154 55 55 Butyric acid, normal, 161-7 130 55 55 iso, . 152-0 122 5J 55 Carbon disulphide, 0924 Puluj. 16-9 0990 )> tetrachloride, 76-7 195 Steudel. Chlor-ethyl chloride, 113-6 181 55 Chloroform, . 0959 Puluj. 17-4 1029 5> 61-2 189 Steudel. Ethane, trichlor. . 174-2 190 5J Ether (ethylic), . 0689 Puluj. 7-2 0712 )) 10 0716 55 16-1 0732 J5 18-9 0735 55 31-9 0771 5J 36-5 0793 5J Ethyl acetate, 77-1 1520 L. Meyer and Schumann. ,, bromide, 38-4 1865 Steudel. butyrate, . 119-8 160 L. Meyer and Schumann. i-butyrate, . 110-2 151 ?J 5) ,, chloride, 0935 Graham. 095 ,, calculated by 0. E. Meyer. 20 1050 55 5) r> , 088903 v. Obermayer. ,, formate, 54-3 156 L. Meyer and Schumann, ,, iodide, 72-3 216 Steudel. ,, propionate, . 122-2 153 L. Meyer and Schumann. 07079 Schumann. 16-1 07499 55 68-6 1054 55 99-9 1161 55 ,, valerate, 134-4 165 L. Meyer and Schumann. Ethylene bromide, 131-6 221 Steudel. ,, chloride, 83-5 168 5) chloro-bromidc, 104-5 200 55 Ethylidene chloride, 59-9 1665 Formic acid, 99-9 113 L. Meyer and Schumann. Mercury, 162 S. Koch 1883 300 532 55 380 656 J5 581 TABLE LXXa. (2) continued. Description. tC. ^ Authority, etc. Methyl acetate, 573 0-000152 L. Meyer and Schumann. ,, alcohol, 66-8 135 Steudel. ,, butyrate, normal, 102-4 159 L. Meyer and Schumann. is 5 92 152 Schumann. 07011 3> 24 07536 II 65'5 09986 55 100 1122 55 ,, formate, . 32-3 173 L. Meyer and Schumann. 08378 Schumann. 20 09228 55 100 1352 55 ,, iodide, 44 2325 Steudel. propionate, 79-6 150 L. Meyer and Schumann. ,, valerate, . 116-7 163 5J 5) Propionic acid, 139-8 118 55 55 Propyl acetate, 100-9 160 55 5J 06855 Schumann. 15 07429 55 77-8 09539 5> 100 1096 5) ,, alcohol, normal, . 97-4 142 Steudel. i iso, 82-8 162 55 , bromide, normal, 70-8 1845 55 iso, 60 176 55 , butyrate, . 142-7 164 L. Meyer and Schumann. , ^-butyrate, . 133-9 153 )5 , chloride, normal, 46-4 1455 Steudel. iso, 37 1485 55 , formate, 80-4 159 L. Meyer and Schumann. , iodide, normal, . 102 210 Steudel. iso,. 89-3 2015 55 , propionate, 136-8 164 L. Meyer and Schumann. , valerate, 155-9 167 55 55 | Valeric acid, 174-5 136 5) 55 Water vapour, 20 0975 Kundt and Warburg. 0904 Puluj. 16-7 0967 55 100 132 L. Meyer and Schumann. Alcohols, C. rt H 9B+1 OH, . At their 142 L. Meyer, etc. 1 Chlorides, C n H 2n+1 Cl, . several 150 55 Bromides, C w H 2n+1 Br, . boiling 182 55 Iodides, C^H^^I, points 210 55 Esters, C B H on "O 2 , . under 1 155 55 atmo. VOL. II. 582 TABLE LXXa. continued. (3) Variation of 77 with Temperature. We have, as we shall see a little further on, 77 --= /cpOL, where K is a constant, the value of which has been calculated by the late Wilhelm Coman as =0'30967, and L is the length of the mean free path of the molecules of a gas. In gases L varies as the absolute temperature very nearly, and Ooc.yx' From this we get Sutherland's deduction that or 7) t 0. E. Meyer puts this in the form where H = By the aid of this formula Meyer calculated the following values for H from Schumann's determinations of the value of 77 at the various temperatures : f H Benzol, ....... 19'0 0'0 7 1552 70'1 1552 100 1597 Methyl formate, ...... 20 1845 100 1841 Methyl i-butyrate, ...... 24 1476 65-5 1656 100 1561 Ethyl propionate, .... . 16'1 1530 68-6 1673 99-9 1616 Propyl acetate, ....... 15 1524 77-8 1455 100 1524 Iso-butyl formate, ...... 17'7 1679 63-6 1578 99-9 1589 Iso-butyl acetate, ...... 16'1 1558 100 1558 The values of H should be identical for the same gas or vapour at all temperatures ; the above agree quite as closely as any experimental determinations of 77 are likely to do. Schumann gives ~ For Air a = 0'003665 and y = 0'000802 CO, a = 0-003701 7 = 0-000899 Esters a = 0'004 y = 0-00164 Benzol a = 0'004 7 = 0'00185 Puluj between 3 and 30 C found for Air jfc - Wl + 0'00265*) =r ?0 T 072 C0 9 ^ = r; (l + 0-0033780 = ^T ' 92 H 2 " * = *)o(I + 0-002535^ ^^T ' 69 S. Koch found for Hg vapour i*-ifo(l+a$ By means of these and similar formula) values of 77 can be calculated for various temperatures with a very close approximation to the true values. 583 &, s H o W'W do . ^H H O s.-s' 03 . ^ O t/3 8W + + o c3 d d rH c3 M t-* fl i- rH ?H ^"* rH rH G o +3 S >-i - 1 ^ ;?a S'i - ^ ^ li i g-l 5 0) 03 1-1- S a H3 a ^3 d p ^ S3 ^^ "1 cs a S .2 5 ^ '^0 ^ o ^ ^ 0' >fS >w W >^ o . r . . CQ > W > H CM JO ** JO O JO CM O JO JO JO JO - g ^ Cft ^ S- JO CO O ^ O CM JO O GO O o oi co o CM JO GO O CO OO JO O n o i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 & ^H JO r-l ,-H JO JO CO co JO GO JO JO CM CO * < i I r- 1 CM CO i i O O ^ CM O CM O O .-H rH O CM SCO *~ O H O i I i I CM 1 1 1 ^ 1 I lO CO 05 ^ CO jo co r-H GO co 00 CO ^H ^ CO co JO O o CO ^H O5 i 1 JO . i O CO O CO i O CM GO JO OO JO B CM CO CO t^ GO O CO O5 JO CO l>- O5 O5 O5 OO .b~ CO O3 O5 O JO CM CM w P 2 CO ^ O co co co 8 CM 00 00 OO O CO JO O ^ oo O5 O 1^ CO JO O CM CM CM CM .CM co CM CO O 10 JO JO JO JO JO CO -i i i JO JO B co CO CO CO CO CO O O CO CO b- b- O CO CO b- CO CO CO co co co co co co co co co co JO CO ) _ l CM CM CM S O O5 00 O CM t O5 O5 CM CM J^ JO CM 2 CM '00 O CM 1^ CO 1^ CO OO oi CM CM ^ i .2 S 2 rij -2 ~ fl ^ s s IS J?o H o "^ ~o 2 "5J & 2 pq a! >: ^ > pq > CO s m "Ji oo IO I-H JO JO JO co IO JO CO 4t< o oo os co O 4n *P o O O CO 00 O o o o o * GO CO JO OS JO oo co o O O CO CO O CO O O O 60 T-H I-H i-H I-H JO 1 1 ! H. jH T i CO r ~ H r ~^ T~^ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 S -*= jo 10 IO ;-. ^ ^ i-i O O JO 00 co t O CO GO CO OS -HH IO \ 1 CM M IO o CM CO CO OS ^H OS O t^ t~ R Ol O"i O^ CO '^ CM CO 00 OO ^H OQ cO CO CO J>- OS os OS CO o l-H l>> 00 JO CO CO-H/i -rH DC t- CO JO IO i-H O JO co CO ^ CO CM OO JO JO o I-H i-H i-H l-H i-H i-H ;. 00 O OS IO CO -^ ^0 CO oo CM 00 co .->. IO O IO IO os JO IO t" ^D IO a X co CO co co V co CO CO CO O CO CO CO CO l-H co CO CO CO "^ 10 I-H OS CO CO - JO r~, IO CO X co o 10 oo X OS co 1^ 10 6 S co co IO co 1 1 CO OS 1^ 00 2 CO os o os i-H CO OS OS 1^ O T-H 00 OO O 1^ t^ CO 00 l^ O O O i IO O GO ( no (M CO O OO CO 00 i- CO .-H O O 5 s & - oT ~** oT <& . o" . -2 "S i-2~ c .-s >,^" ^ H3 -23 'C -2 g-g 3 o - cf H OO r5 O^ S-? 8 CC O -i 1 1 II I 1 -4-3 % m c - 11 fr OPQ llll ^^ " CS s ^^^ ^3 A c ^ -u \i3 pr 1 QJ Amyl (i) acetate, 10 016133 Kellstab* 15 014779 5 20 013426 5 25 012397 t 30 011369 1 40 009546 ' 50 007958 5 Amyl alcohol (fermentation), . 20 10 03696 066047 Graham Pribram and Handl* 15 055761 55 20 047640 55 25 040603 5 5 30 034828 55 40 025805 55 50 019850 ^ Amyl (*) alcohol, 15 048490 Rellstab* 20 043995 55 25 038906 55 30 033962 55 40 024127 55 50 018677 )5 08922 Pagliani and Battelli 587 TABLE LXXn. (1) continued. Liquid. t C. n Authority. Amyl (i) alcohol, 10 0-06234 Pagliani and Battelli 20 04579 Traube 30 03400 )5 40 02537 55 50 01940 ?j 60 01612 55 Amyl (/) aldehyde, 10 007164 Rellstab* 30 005847 55 50 004529 55 10 007128 Pribram and Handl* 30 005504 5j 50 004421 55 Amyl (n) benzoate, 10 048073 de Heen* 30 027646 55 50 017901 55 Amyl (i) bromide, . 10 014436 Pribram and Handl* 15 . 012993 55 20 011730 55 25 010827 )) 30 010015 55 40 006587 M 50 007272 Amyl butyrate, 10 013336 de Heen* 30 009781 5) 50 007763 5) Amyl (i) chloride, . 10 006316 Pribram and Handl* 15 005865 55 20 005414 55 25 005233 55 30 004963 1 ) 40 004511 55 50 003970 55 Amyl (i) formate, . 10 009275 Rellstab* 15 008806 f 20 008319 5 25 007832 f 30 007345 5 40 006388 5 50 005612 J5 Amyl (i) iodide, 10 012091 Pribram and Handl* 15 011188 5? 20 010466 55 25 009925 1 30 009203 ,, 40 008121 5) 50 007218 >5 Amyl valerate, 10 016746 de Heen* 588 TABLE LXXn. (I) continued. Liquid. rc. n Authority. Amyl valerate, 30 0-011585 de Heen* 50 008878 33 Amyl (i) valerate, . 10 016981 Rellstab* 15 015357 33 20 014058 33 25 012867 33 30 011802 33 40 010087 } 1 50 008734 33 Aniline, ... 12 06023 Poiseuille 20 04467 J5 30 03238 33 40 02450 33 50 01925 33 60 01555 3) Anisol, ..... 20 01110 Gartenmeister Benzaldehyde, 10 017342 Kellstab* 15 016259 }) 20 015158 3 25 014076 3 30 012975 3 40 011351 3 50 009709 3J Benzol, 10 00746 Wijkander 12 00739 33 20 00645 3 30 00561 3 40 00492 3 50 00433 60 00389 3 16-5 00688 W. Konig 19-3 00523 33 10 07651 Pribram and Handl* 15 07092 3 20 06587 , 25 06063 3 30 05684 3 40 05017 f 50 04403 3 20 00654 Gartenmeister Benzol (monobrom-), 10 014076 Pribram and Handl* 15 013173 3 20 012271 3 25 011369 i 30 010647 40 009564 3 50 008662 3 589 TABLE LXXn. (1) continued. Liquid. fQ. n Authority. Benzol (monochlor-), 10 0-009582 Pribram and Handl* 15 008969 J J 20 008391 J 25 007904 ) 30 007435 5 40 006659 | 50 005991 1 Benzol (ethyl-), 20 00686 Gartenmeister Benzol (mononitro-), 15 022431 Pribram and Hand!* 20 020572 j * 25 018731 30 017197 H 40 014363 jj 50 012596 > Benzyl alcohol, 20 05690 Gartenmeister Benzyl chloride, 15 015285 Pribram and Handl* 20 014967 JJ 25 012740 30 011820 JJ 40 010258 JJ 50 008933 JJ Butane (n) (nitro-), . 10 012091 JJ 15 011278 JJ 20 010466 JJ 25 009745 JJ 30 009023 J) 40 007940 JJ 50 007038 JJ Butane (i) (nitro-), . 10 012993 )J 15 012091 J' 20 011188 J> 25 010466 JJ 30 009745 JJ 40 008481 J1 50 007399 >J Butyl (n) acetate, . 10 009384 '> 15 008842 J> 20 008301 JJ 25 007760 JJ 30 007218 JJ 40 006316 J 50 005504 J Butyl (i) acetate, 10 008211 5 15 007579 , 20 007038 J 25 006587 J 30 006154 ' 590 TABLE LXXH. (I) continued. Liquid. t C. 17 Authority. Butyl (i) acetate, 40 0-005414 Pribram and Handl* 50 004746 j> 20 00718 Gartenmeister Butyl (n) alcohol, . 10 038455 Rellstab* 15 034233 20 030100 25 026040 30 022557 40 016981 50 014076 10 042949 Pribram and Handl* 15 037535 5 20 032843 > 25 028692 5 30 025083 , 40 018172 , 50 015158 Butyl (i) alcohol, . 10 058648 . 15 049625 5 20 042046 25 035730 > 30 030497 - 40 022557 5 50 016963 5 08275 Pagliani Battelli 10 05593 20 04008 Traube 40 02186 60 01279 > 10 05797 Gartenmeister 20 04112 30 03008 jj 40 02230 55 50 01704 55 Butyl (n) aldehyde, . 10 008121 Pribram and Handl* 15 007399 20 006677 25 006136 30 005594 40 004872 50 004150 Butyl (i) aldehyde, . 10 006587 15 006045 20 005504 25 005053 30 004692 40 004150 591 TABLE LXXn. (I) continued. Liquid. fC. n Authority. Butyl (i) aldehyde, . 50 0-003790 Pribram and Handl* B.utyl benzoate, 10 041216 de Heen* 30 022756 J? 50 015465 55 Butyl (') bromide, . 10 007038 Pribram and Handl* 15 006587 }j 20 006226 JJ 25 005865 J) 30 005594 5J 40 005053 35 50 004602 5) Butyl butyrate, 10 011278 de Heen* 30 008536 J} 50 007020 jj Butyl (i) chloride, . 10 005414 Pribram and Handl* 15 005053 20 004782 25 004511 30 004241 40 003790 50 003429 Butyl (n) formate, . 10 008301 J! 15 007669 M 20 007038 5) 25 006587 1) 30 006226 J* 40 005594 50 004963 M 20 00704 Gartenmeister Butyl (i) formate, . 10 007940 Pribram and Handl* 15 007399 5) 20 006857 25 006406 M 30 005955 JJ 40 005233 J? 50 004692 JJ 20 00680 Gartenmeister Butyl (n) iodide, 10 010466 Pribram and Handl* 15 009835 5J 20 009293 25 008752 30 008301 40 007399 50 006857 >j Butyl (i) iodide, 10 010015 15 009293 jj 20 008662 1 592 TABLE LXXn. (I) continued. Liquid. t C. Authority. Butyl (i) iodide, 25 0-008211 Pribram and Handl* 30 007760 55 40 006857 55 50 006226 5 Butyl (i} nitrite, 10 008572 5 15 007940 20 007399 5 25 006857 30 006406 40 005504 50 004692 Butyl (i) propionate, 10 010015 ) 15 009293 20 008572 55 25 008030 55 30 007489 55 40 006587 55 50 005865 55 Butyric (n) acid, 20 01525 Graham 10 019886 Kellstab* 15 018280 55 20 016674 )5 25 015068 >J 30 013967 55 40 011946 5> 50 010394 10 020572 Pribram and Handl* 15 018587 55 20 017053 )5 25 015519 55 30 014256 55 40 012000 55 50 010286 55 20 01623 Traube 40 01184 f 60 00911 n 10 01958 Gartenmeister 20 01629 55 30 01365 55 40 01183 55 50 01025 55 Butyric (i) acid, 15 014924 Pribram and Handl* 20 013787 55 25 012740 55 30 011748 5) 40 010106 50 008752 55 1 593 TABLE LXXn. (I) continued. Liquid. fG, * Authority. Butyric (i) acid. 20 0-01326 Traube 40 01004 M 60 00796 Caproic acid, .... 20 03263 Gartenmeister Caproic (i) acid, 10 040097 Kellstab* 15 036163 f} 20 032410 ' 25 028512 n 30 025210 M 40 021131 3 J 50 017649 J J Carbon dioxide, 5 000925 Warburg and v. Babo 10 000852 15 000784 jj 20 000712 jj 25 000625 M 29 000539 jj Carbon disulphide, . 21-83 00534 v. Helmholtz and v. Piot- rowski 12 00393 Wijkander 20 00370 M 25 00357 jj 30 00344 ji 35 00332 15 00388 W. Konig Carbon tetrachloride, 10 011730 Pribram and Handl* 15 010827 M 20 010106 n 25 009384 jj 30 008662 jj 40 007579 50 006677 jj 10 011008 ,, 30 008301 J? 50 006316 5j 20 01019 Gartenmeister Chloroform, .... 10 006496 Pribram and Handl* 15 006136 ,, 20 005775 5 25 005'504 f 30 005233 } 40 004692 . 50 004331 j 12 00617 Wijkander 20 00568 25 00539 j> 30 00513 jj 594 TABLE LXXn. (I) continued. Liquid. fC , Authority. Chloroform, 35 0-00489 Wijkander 40 00467 55 20 00568 Gartenmeister Chlorpicrin, .... 10 013715 Pribram and Handl* 15 012812 5? 20 011910 55 25 011008 M 30 010286 3 J 40 009023 35 50 008121 Cresol, 20 1878 Gartenmeister Decane, ..... 22-3 00775 Bartoli and Stracciati Diallyl, 20 00280 Gartenmeister Diethylketone, Dodecane, .... 20 23-3 00478 01257 Bartoli and Stracciati Ethane (nitro), 10 008121 Pribram and Handl 15 007579 j} 20 007218 25 006857 3 30 006496 5 40 005775 J 50 005233 5 Ethyl acetate, 20 00561 Graham 10 005396 Eellstab* 15 005143 20 005017 35 25 004728 55 30 004511 5 40 004078 J5 50 003663 55 10 005197 Pribram and Handl* 15 004818 ' 20 004511 25 004259 30 004006 >i 40 003591 55 50 003230 35 20 00460 Gartenmeister Ethyl alcohol, .... 10 015032 Graham* 20 01211 30 01005 50 007128 10 014852 (2) 30 010142 50 007146 24-05 013754 v. Helmholtz and v. Piotrowski 10 015555 Kellstab* 595 TABLE LXXn. (I) continued. Liquid. t C. n Authority. Ethyl alcohol, 30 0-010611 Rellstab* 50 007345 M 10 0152-^ Wijkander 12 01482 )5 20 01257 25 01138 30 01034 J5 40 00856 51 50 00715 >} 01843 Pagliani and Battelli Ethyl benzoate, 10 026852 Rellstab* 30 017685 }J 50 012559 5J 20 02285 Gartenmeister Ethyl bromide, 10 004331 Pribram and Handl* 15 004060 20 003790 5' 25 003609 M 30 003519 Ethyl butyrate (n), . 20 00760 Graham 10 006893 Rellstab* 15 006569 tt 20 006244 25 005919 30 005594 40 004944 J5 50 004295 >? 10 007742 Pribram and Handl* 15 007290 20 006839 t ' 25 006388 15 30 005937 55 40 005215 ) 50 004638 ,, 10 007146 De Keen* 30 005720 5) 50 004854 JJ 20 00681 Gartenmeister Ethyl butyrate (i), . 10 007399 Pribram and Handl* 15 006857 ,j 20 006316 25 005955 M 30 005594 M 40 004872 M 50 004511 55 20 00601 Gartenmeister Ethyl chloracetate . 10 01525 Pribram and Handl* 596 TABLE LXXn. (I) continued. Liquid. fC. n Authority. Ethyl chloracetate, . 15 0-014076 Pribram and Handl* 20 012993 55 25 011910 5) 30 011008 55 40 009564 55 50 008301 5? Ethyl ether, . 14-5 00346 Poiseuille 21-6 00592 v. Helmlioltz and v. Piotrowski 10 003483 Rellstab* 15 003465 5 20 003447 >5 25 003429 J5 30 003411 5J 10 002617 Pribram and Handl* 15 002490 5) 20 002364 5) 25 002238 5> 30 002111 J) 10 00285 Wijkander 12 00278 5) 15 00270 55 20 00258 55 25 00245 5J 30 00233 5) 20 002543 Sachs 15 00256 W. Konig 20 00242 Gartenmeister Ethyl formate, 20 10 00518 005017 Graham Rellstab* 15 004782 20 004566 25 004331 30 004096 40 003663 50 003194 10 004602 Pribram and Handl* 15 004331 j) 20 004078 J5 25 003844 J) 30 003627 5> 40 003248 J) 50 003086 )) 20 00411 Gartenmeister Ethyl iodide, . 10 006496 Pribram and Handl* 15 006136 J5 20 005775 ?) 25 005414 55 597 TABLE LXXn. (I) continued. Liquid. tC. 1 Authority. Ethyl iodide, .... 30 0-005233 Pribram and Handl* 40 004872 }) 50 004511 jj 20 00593 Gartenmeister Ethyl mercaptan, 10 004331 Pribram and Handl* 15 004060 j> 20 003790 jj 25 003609 j 30 003519 jj Ethyl propionate, 10 006587 15 006136 jj 20 005775 j j 25 005414 jj 30 005053 ji 40 004692 j> 50 004331 jj 20 00548 Gartenmeister Ethyl sulphide, 10 004872 Pribram and Handl* 15 004602 ., 20 004331 jj 25 004150 ,, 30 003970 f1 40 003609 jj 50 003248 J? Ethyl valerate (?'), . 20 00838 Graham 10 008662 Rellstab 15 008229 j 20 007796 H 25 007363 M 30 006929 n 40 006063 M 50 005396 M 10 009059 Pribram and Handl* 15 008427 20 007832 J5 25 007254 J} 30 006713 40 005811 jj 50 005143 j> 20 00857 Gartenmeister Ethyl en e bromide, . 15 018659 Pribram and Handl* 20 017179 ,, 25 016061 ,, 30 015068 jj Ethylene chloride, . 15 008987 ,, 20 008391 ,, 25 007850 " VOL. II. 598 TABLE LXXn. (1) continued. Liquid. f 0. 7? Authority. Ethylene chloride, . 30 0-007308 Pribram and Handl* 40 006424 50 005720 Ethylene glycol, 55 063160 i Ethylidene chloride, 10 005775 ( 15 005504 1 20 005233 } 25 004963 55 30 004692 5) 40 004331 50 003970 55 Formic acid, . 10 022106 Rellstab* 15 019796 5 20 017901 1 25 016187 30 014743 40 012307 | 50 010286 5 20 01959 Traube 40 01291 n 60 00909 55 10 02306 Gartenmeister 20 01839 30 01493 in 40 01248 j i 50 01045 55 Glycerol, .... 2-8 42-20 Schottner 3-7 39-52 , 7-4 26-83 t 8-1 25-18 5 14-3 13-87 1 13-6 14-79 5 20-3 8-304 , 20-9 7-776 ) 25-6 5-413 26-5 4-939 91 Heptane, .... 24 0-00449 Bartoli and Stracciati 24-4 00446 5) Heptyl alcohol, 20 0715 Gartenmeister Hexadecane, .... 22-2 03591 Bartoli and Stracciati Hexane, ..... 23-7 00329 j? 20 00315 Gartenmeister Mercury, -21-4 01847 S. Koch -18-1 01823 ?J 17 01602 Warburg 10 02977 Vfflari 17-1 01543 Th. Schmidt 599 TABLE LXXn. (I) continued. Liquid. f 0. Tl Authority. Mercury, .... 0-01697 S. Koch 10-1 01631 55 11-5 01625 55 12-5 01618 5 J 16-7 01592 55 18-3 01582 55 99 01223 >5 124 01152 55 154 01090 J) 176-2 01045 55 196-7 01017 55 237-8 00972 5) 249 009652 55 263 009540 55 272 009477 55 282 009411 55 316 009160 55 340-1 009054 5) Methyl acetate, 10 004746 Rellstab* 15 004511 J5 20 004295 55 25 004078 55 30 003862 55 40 003411 55 50 002959 55 10 004692 Pribram and Handl* 15 004421 }> 20 004150 55 25 003880 55 30 003609 55 40 003248 5) 50 003068 5' 20 00391 Gartenmeister Methyl alcohol, 20 00638 Graham 10 007037 Rellstab* 15 006677 55 20 006352 55 25 006045 55 30 005720 55 40 005017 55 50 004295 00734 Pagliani and Battelli 10 00654 55 20 00607 Traube 30 00541 55 40 00463 55 50 00406 55 600 TABLE LXXn. (I) continued. Liquid. t C. ?? Authority Methyl alcohol, 60 0-00361 Traube 10 00729 Gartenmeister 20 00623 3 3 30 00540 33 40 00473 33 50 00414 33 Methyl benzoate, 10 023513 Kellstab* 15 021709 33 20 019886 33 25 018082 33 30 016259 5) 40 013570 33 50 011585 )) 10 023676 de Heen* 30 015555 j) 50 011278 jj 20 02099 Gartenmeister Methyl butyrate (n), 10 006406 Rellstab* 15 006099 3) 20 005775 33 25 005468 3J 30 005161 33 40 004529 33 50 003916 33 10 007597 de Heen" 30 006334 33 50 005486 ?3 20 00588 Gartenmeister Methyl butyrate (i) 9 . 10 006316 Pribram and Handl* 15 005955 3 20 005594 3 25 005233 3 30 004963 3 40 004511 3 50 004150 3 20 00527 Gartenmeister Methyl formate, 20 00355 33 Methyl iodide, 10 005684 Pribram and Handl* 15 005504 3 20 005233 3 25 005143 3 30 004872 3 40 004421 3 20 00500 Gartenmeister Methyl propionate, . 10 005594 Pribram and Handl* 15 005233 33 20 004872 33 601 TABLE LXXn. (\) continued. Liquid. t 0. n Authority. Methyl propionato, . 25 0-004692 Pribram and Handl* 30 004421 11 40 003970 11 50 003609 11 20 00470 Gartenmeister Methyl propyl ether, 20 00256 5) Methyl salicylic acid, 10 032446 Kellstab* 15 029974 20 027501 25 025047 30 022575 40 018352 50 015194 Methyl val crate (>/), 20 00727 Gartenmeister (*V 10 007363 Pribram and Handl* 15 007038 20 006731 25 006406 30 006081 40 005450 50 004818 jj Methylene chloride, . 20 00439 Gaitenmeister Nitric acid, .... 20 01003 Graham 02273 Pagliani and Oddone 10 01770 11 Nonane, . . . 22-3 00619 Bartoli and Stracciati Octane, ..... 22*2 00526 >> Octyl alcohol, .... 20 0912 Gartenmeister Pentadecane, .... 22 02814 Bartoli and Stracciati Pentane, ..... 21 00261 i) Petroleum, .... 17-5 019 Petroff Phenetol, .... 20 01286 Gartenmeister Propane (ri) nitro-, . 10 010015 Pribram and Handl* 15 009384 20 008842 u 25 008301 11 30 007760 JJ . 40 006857 11 50 006226 11 Propane (i) nitro-, . 10 008481 11 15 007940 11 20 007399 11 25 007038 11 30 006587 11 40 005775 11 50 005053 11 602 TABLE LXXn. (I) continued. Liquid. tG. n Authority. Propionic acid, . . 10 0-012686 Eellstab* 15 011766 5 20 010881 J 25 010051 30 009293 M 40 008175 55 50 007381 55 10 014075 Pribram and Handl* 15 012993 55 20 012000 55 25 011098 5J 30 010286 55 40 009203 J5 50 008121 ,, 20 01156 Traube 40 00901 55 60 00736 }J 20 01125 Gartenmeister Propyl (n) acetate, . 10 006677 Pribram and Handl* 15 006316 |f 20 005955 55 25 005594 55 30 005233 55 40 004511 55 50 003970 55 20 00608 Gartenmeister Propyl (i) acetate, . 10 006496 Pribram and Handl* 15 006136 55 20 005775 55 25 005414 5J 30 005053 55 40 004421 5) 50 003970 55 20 00536 Gartenmeister Propyl (n) alcohol, . 10 020175 Rellstab* 15 018641 55 20 016963 55 25 015447 5) 30 013859 5> 40 011297 55 50 009131 5' 15 026888 Pribram and Handl* 20 023640 55 25 020752 55 30 018046 55 40 014256 55 50 011369 55 603 TABLE LXXn. (I) continued. Liquid. tC. 77 Authority. Propyl (n) alcohol, . 10 0-031580 Pribram and Handl* 15 028151 55 20 024722 }J 25 021835 J5 30 018948 40 014978 ^ 50 012271 55 04170 Pagliani and Battelli 10 03119 55 20 02327 Traube 30 01818 55 40 01434 55 50 01166 >5 60 00949 H 10 02934 Gartenmeister 20 02273 55 30 01791 55 40 01416 55 50 01148 55 Propyl (i) alcohol, . 10 030678 Pribram and Hand]* 15 026707 M 20 023098 55 25 020211 55 30 017685 55 40 013354 51 50 010466 55 "' 20 02543 Traube 30 01878 40 01427 H 50 01005 60 00880 55 10 03383 Gartenmeister 20 02479 55 30 01846 51 40 01403 55 50 01083 55 Propyl aldehyde, 10 004782 Pribram and Handl* 15 004421 55 20 004150 25 003880 jj 30 003699 55 40 003338 55 Propyl benzoate, 10 037174 55 15 032663 55 20 028512 55 25 025625 55 , 30 022737 55 604 TABLE LXXn. (I) continued. Liquid. f q. i Authority. Propyl benzoate, 40 0-018767 Pribram and Handl* 50 015880 55 Propyl (?i) bromide, 10 005648 ,, 15 005414 55 20 005179 55 25 004963 55 30 004728 55 40 004259 55 20 00545 Gartenmeister Propyl (i) bromide, . 10 005775 Pribram and Handl* 15 005594 55 20 005323 55 25 005053 51 30 004872 55 40 004421 55 50 003970 55 Propyl (n) butyrate (n), . 10 010466 55 15 009564 5 20 008842 25 008301 30 007760 f 40 006677 j 50 005955 f 20 00847 Gartenmeister Propyl (n) butyrate (i), . 10 009564 Pribram and Hancll* 15 008842 5) 20 008211 5) 25 007669 5) 30 007218 15 40 006316 )5 50 005684 5 ; 20 00755 Gartenmeister Propyl (/) butyrate (n), . 10 009384 Pribram and Handl* 15 008662 55 20 007940 55 25 007399 55 30 006948 ft 40 006226 5) 50 005414 11 Propyl (i) butyrate (i\ 10 008572 , j 15 007760 55 20 007218 55 25 006857 5J 30 006496 5> 40 005775 50 005053 Propyl (n) chloride, . 10 003880 " 605 TABLE LXXn. (I) continued. Liquid. t C. n Authority. Propyl (n) chloride, . 15 0-003717 Pribram and Handl* 20 003536 25 003356 30 003194 , 40 002833 Propyl (i) chloride, . 10 003970 15 003790 20 003609 25 003429 30 003248 Propyl ether, .... 20 00433 Gartenmeister Propyl (n) formate, . 10 006045 Pribram and Handl* 15 005594 55 20 005233 55 25 004963 55 30 004692 51 40 004150 55 50 003790 55 20 00574 Gartenmeister Propyl (i) formate, . 10 005775 Pribram and Handl* 15 005414 5J 20 005053 25 004782 ii 30 004511 )5 40 004060 55 50 003609 5J 20 00522 Gartenmeister Propyl (n) iodide, . 10 008517 Pribram and Handl* 15 008084 55 20 007651 J> 25 007218 15 30 006805 55 40 005937 55 50 005071 55 20 00757 Gartenmeister Propyl (i) iodide, 10 008481 Pribram and Handl* 15 007940 j 20 007399 5 25 007038 30 006677 1 40 005775 5 50 005233 J Propyl (n) nitrite, . 10 004511 5 15 004331 J 20 004150 5 25 003970 t 30 003790 5 606 TABLE LXXn. (I) continued. Liquid. re. 1 Authority. Propyl (n) nitrite, . 40 0-003429 Pribram and Handl* 50 003068 Propyl (n) propionate, 10 008662 15 007940 20 007399 25 006857 30 006496 40 005775 50 005233 ii 20 00686 Gartenmeister Propyl (i) propionate, 10 007579 Pribram and Handl* 15 007038 }} 20 006677 >5 25 006316 55 30 005955 J5 40 005233 5) 50 004692 55 Propyl (n) valerate, . 20 01073 Gartenmeister Propylene glycol, 20 4566 55 Rape oil, .... 25-3 0. E. Meyer 6-5 5-18 j 12-4 3-08 5 13-9 2-82 5 18-1 1-69 5 27 1-20 5 29-5 0-96 5 31-6 0-90 Salicyl aldehyde, 10 0-032446 Rellstab* 15 029974 5 20 027501 5 25 025029 5 30 022575 5 40 018352 5 50 015194 5 Sulphuric acid, 11-2 31953 Poiseuille 20 21929 Graham Tetradecane, .... 21-9 02131 Bartoli and Stracciati Toluol, 10 006893 Pribram and Handl* 15 006388 . 20 005973 5 25 005612 } 30 005287 t 40 004728 j 50 004295 J 10 006911 de Heen 30 005847 ^ Toluol, monochlor-, 10 011333 Pribram and Handl* 607 TABLE LXXn. (I) -continued. Liquid. t C. , Authority. Toluol, monochlor-, 15 0-010557 Pribram and Handl* 20 009853 J} 25 009149 30 008572 40 007561 3) 50 006695 33 Toluol (o), mononitro-, 15 025986 20 023622 25 021276 M 30 019309 )? 40 016133 50 013805 1} Tridecane, .... 23-3 01550 Bartoli and Stracciati Turpentine, .... 11-9 001865 W. Konig Undecane, .... 22-7 00947 Bartoli and Stracciati Valeral, . . 10 007164 Kellstab* 15 006839 33 20 006514 M 25 006189 j? 30 005847 40 005197 Si 50 004529 33 Valeral (i) t .... 10 007128 Pribram and Handl* 15 006587 20 006136 25 005775 30 005504 40 004963 50 004421 Valeric (i) acid, 20 02183 Graham 10 027501 Kellstab* 15 024921 20 022394 , } 25 020518 3 > 30 018641 ^ 40 015664 n 50 012903 J? 20 02411 Traube 40 01672 )3 60 01235 33 20 02279 Gartenmeister Water, 01775 Poiseuille* 018142 33 01778 '3 01782 3) 017987 Hagen 01573 Grotrian 608 TABLE LXXn. (I)- continued. Liquid. ro. 1 Authority. Water, 0-01854 Rosencranz 018507 Pribram and Handl* , 01775 Pagliani and Battelli 01811 Noack 017995 0183 0. E. Meyer 0180456 Calculated most probable value - 10 013263 Poiseuille* 20 010232 55 30 008157 55 40 006677 }) 50 005558 -? 10 013276 Graham (1) 20 010097 5J 30 008066 55 40 006648 50 005607 55 60 004898 55 10 013161 (2) 20 010113 55 30 008122 J? 40 006668 55 50 005594 5 ' 60 004852 55 10 013264 Rellstab* 20 010015 55 30 008121 55 40 006713 55 50 005630 55 10 013206 Sprung* 20 010147 55 30 008146 40 006691 55 50 005638 55 60 004829 15 17 01106 Grotrian 20 010183 Slotte* 30 008166 )5 40 006664 55 13-62 011836 Stephan 13-92 011748 5 14-50 011607 ? 20-13 010241 t 25-67 008865 27-02 008692 } 30 007878 5 ' ~ 609 TABLE LXXn. (I) continued. Liquid. tC. n Authority. Water, 12*9 0-01258 Th. Schmidt 20 010142 Wagner* 30 008048 55 40 006623 55 50 005720 55 15 01124 Sachs 17 011085 W. Konig 17-5 0105 Petroff 24-7 00912 Arrhenius 17 01105 W. Konig 10 01309 Couette 12 01288 j> 20 01032 Gartenmeistcr 19-1 01031 Schwedoff 15 011439 Bruckner 20 010086 55 20 010141 Mutzel 5 015320 Thorpe and Rodger* 10 013220 55 15 011504 5) 20 010165 55 25 009043 J5 30 008094 J5 35 007307 55 40 006633 5 45 006059 55 50 005557 55 55 005130 55 60 004750 15 65 004420 55 70 004121 55 75 003852 5 80 003613 55 85 003400 55 90 003202 5) 95 003030 55 100 002872 55 Xylol(m), . . 10 007651 Pribram and Handl* 20 006659 55 25 006262 55 30 005901 55 40 005251 55 50 004764 j 5 10 007651 de Heen* 30 005558 55 610 TABLE LXXH. (2). Values of rj for Mixed Liquids and Solutions. Substance dissolved. Concentration. t C. ' Authority. Mixed liquids (with water) Acetic acid, . 99-8% 10 0-014779 Noack* J? 15 013679 JJ j j 20 012650 )5 jj 25 011712 jj 30 010863 J3 jj 40 009366 55 jj 50 008102 5J 99-6% 20 01455 Traube t 40 01035 60 00797 9i 99-2% 20 01297 Graham Normal 25 01012 Reyher* Alcohol (ethylic), . 70% jj 10 15 03279 02789 Stephan jj 55 20 02368 33 JJ 25 02069 ,, J J 30 01809 J5 49% 10 04133 5' JJ 15 03464 JS JJ 20 02964 5J 25 02537 JJ j J 30 02194 S3 35-11 % 10 05703 JJ Butyric acid, . . Normal 25 25 01164 01157 Reyher* Chloric acid, . j j jj 25 00956 jj Formic acid, . jj 25 00938 Glycerol, 94-46 % 89-94 ,, 8-5 8-3 7-437 3-553 Schottner 80-31 8.5 1-021 J3 74-97 5-9 0-6671 ,, 6-2 6523 JJ 5j 14-9 3900 t> JJ 3J 21-1 2803 JJ 64-05 8-5 2221 J5 49-79 8-5 0925 ? , Hydrochloric acid, 23-045 % 15 25 01657 01388 Wagner* J3 45 01017 M 16-125 % 15 01443 ,, tt 25 01201 j' 45 008678 jj 8-14 % 15 01281 55 25 01046 J J jj 45 007236 55 Normal 25 01290 Reyher* 611 TABLE LXXn. (2) continued. Substance in Solution. Concentration. f C. VI Authority. Lactic acid, .... Normal 25 0-01147 Reyher* Nitric acid, .... 28-31 % 15 01450 Wagner ~ f 11 25 011814 55 55 45 008346 ) } 18-20 % 15 012551 5 5 )5 25 010338 55 15 45 007341 5) 8-37 % 15 011984 55 55 25 009894 55 J) 45 006783 53 Normal 25 012896 Reyher* Perchloric acid, 53 25 009113 35 Propionic acid, 35 25 011010 55 Sulphuric acid, 23-429 % 15 022144 Wagner* } 25 017234 ;5 33 45 011598 5? 15-503 % 15 017156 55 33 25 013532 35 55 45 008981 55 7-875 % 15 014041 53 33 25 011001 55 5) 45 007523 35 Solutions Ammonium chloride, 23-37 % 10 012172 Sprung* 55 30 008601 55 55 50 006507 53 15-678 % 10 012145 33 55 30 008342 35 55 50 006137 55 8-671 % 10 012464 55 5) 30 008180 55 5J 50 005886 53 3-67% 10 012895 J5 5J 30 008117 35 5> 50 005757 33 Normal 17-6 010427 Arrhenius* 55 17-6 010560 Kreichgauer* Caesium chloride, . 55 25 008888 Wagner* Lithium chloride, . 26-93 % 10 041397 Sprung* 55 30 025643 33 55 50 617685 33 13-91 % 10 021889 33 55 30 013697 55 55 50 009492 53 7-757 % 10 017342 35 55 30 010773 55 35 50 007435 53 612 TABLE LXXn. (2) continued. Substance in Solution. Concentration. / iO l Authority. Lithium chloride, . Normal 17-6 0-012731 Arrhenius* jj 17-6 012764 Kreichgauer* , 25 010710 Wagner* Potassium chloride, 22-215 % 10 012641 Sprung* jj 30 008780 ,, jj 50 006565 ,, 10-230 % 10 012641 M 30 008312 fj 50 005979 H Normal 17-6 010673 Arrhenius* 20 010207 Miitzel* jj 25 008976 Wagner* Kubidium chloride, jj 25 008952 jj Sodium chloride, 23-219 % 10 023152 Sprung* ^ 30 014335 M 50 008550 14-813 % 10 017100 w 30 010840 5j 50 006661 7-955 % 10 014868 ?J M 30 009389 n j j 50 005742 }J Normal 17-6 011928 Arrhenius* jj 17-6 011786 Kreichgauer* jj 20 011349 Mutzel* jj 25 009976 Reyher* Barium chloride, . 24-34 % 10 018172 Sprung* 30 011946 j j j 50 008608 jj 15-402 % 10 015754 jj }J 30 010106 j 50 007146 7-605 % 10 014058 n j } 30 007940 . 5 J 50 006352 j? Normal 17-6 013215 Arrhenius* jj 17-6 013251 Kreichgauer* 20 014550 Mutzel* n 25 010208 Wagner* Cadmium chloride, 24-786 % 15 018771 jj 25 014503 jj jj 45 009669 16-30 % 15 016050 jj jj 25 012717 f ~ jj 45 008519 '; J 11-09 % 15 013978 J J " 25 010923 J J 613 TABLE LXXn. (2) continued. Substance in Solution. Concentration. fa n Authority. Cadmium chloride, 11-09 % 45 0-007350 Wagner* Normal 25 010312 jj Calcium chloride, . 44-087 % 30 107028 Sprung* 5) 50 065542 39-75 % 10 120924 j j 33 30 068393 55 53 50 044302 55 31-60 % 10 049174 55 * 3j 30 031941 55 55 50 022377 3) 15-17 % 10 020013 55 35 30 012866 53 )) 50 009077 JJ Normal 20 014008 Miitzel* 55 25 010933 Wagner* Cobalt chloride, 22-270% 15 029162 JJ 33 25 022846 33 35 45 014902 35 14-858 % 15 020139 55 55 25 015359 55 55 45 010604 51 7-970 % 15 014979 33 53 25 011742 JJ 55 45 008095 JJ Normal 25 010948 33 Cupric chloride, 33-027 % 15 032193 33 35 25 024795 J 55 45 015714 J J 21-349 % 15 022467 ) to 021186 j JJ 55 25 017297 55 55 45 011414 5J 12-006 % 15 015732 JJ 55 25 012238 55 . jj 45 008225 53 Normal 25 010956 33 Magnesium chloride, ji jj 20 25 014197 011360 Miitzel Wagner Manganese chloride, 40-132 % 15 096959 3> j) 25 070991 J 45 044446 3) 30-33 % 15 046251 M jj 25 034864 55 j 45 022322 55 15-650 % 15 023622 )5 jj 25 018803 33 45 012396 55 VOL. II. 014 TABLE LXXn. (2) continued. Substance in Solution. Concentration. re. n Authority. Manganese chloride, 8-007 % 15 0-016748 Wagner j' 25 012834 55 ji 45 008682 5 Normal 25 011541 n Mercuric chloride, . 3-55 % 10 013850 jj 30 008404 jj 45 006910 I 0-226 % 30 008442 5 M 40 006910 5 Nickel chloride, 30-4 % 15 041415 . 25 031002 5 M 45 020200 5 22-690 % 15 025282 25 019778 J jj 45 013121 J 11-449 % 15 016313 J ?J 25 012637 ? i t 45 008707 55 Normal 25 011508 JJ Stroii tium chloride, 31-62 % 10 030750 Sprung* jj 30 020518 ,, jj 50 014653 21-45 % 10 020355 M JJ 30 013264 5 , JJ 50 009474 12-53 % 10 016313 55 M 30 010466 }J 50 007417 7-18 % 10 014725 ., 30 009257 J? j j 50 006568 5 J Normal 20 014533 Miitzel* 25 011205 Wagner* Zinc chloride, 33*752 % 15 027375 M j? 25 021276 j? 45 013108 23-487 % 15 020121 }j 25 015631 45 010374 J5 15-334 % 15 016892 JS J? 25 013126 ?) 45 008700 M Normal 17-6 013689 Arrhenius* 17-6 013591 Kreichgau^r* 25 011405 Wagner* Ammonium bromide, 36-833 % 10 011260 Sprung* 615 TABLE LXXn. (2) continued. Substance in Solution. Concentration. rc. 77 Authority. Ammonium bromide, 36-833 % 30 0-008048 Sprung* 33 50 006190 ,, 25-33 % 10 011297 ,, 33 30 007814 ,, 33 50 005811 35 15-97 % 10 011766 33 33 30 007796 33 33 50 005684 ,- Potassium bromide, 34-639 % 10 012018 35 30 008481 33 50 006442 33 23-164 % 10 011964 33 33 30 008664 3 3 33 50 005991 )3 14-023 % 10 012199 33 33 30 008084 33 33 50 005793 33 Sodium bromide, 27-266 % 10 017306 33 30 011134 31 33 50 008012 13 18-579 % 10 014906 33 33 30 009654 33 33 50 006893 33 9-775 % 10 013642 tj " 30 008788 }J 50 006208 33 Normal 25 010447 Reyner* Potassium iodide, . 5* % 10 012415 Sprung* 30 008752 33 33 50 006785 ,, 45-98 % 10 011369 33 30 008157 33 33 50 006370 33 33-035 % 10 011152 II 33 30 007742 33 50 005847 33 17-015 % 10 011784 M 33 30 007742 ., }J 50 005666 8-419 % 10 012542 3> )} 30 007940 33 33 50 005648 33 Normal 17-6 011346 Arrhenius* (> 17-6 -011570 Kreichgauer* Sodium iodide, 55-47 % 10 028367 Sprung* 30 017396 33 50 012072 5 3 616 TABLE LXXn. (2) continued. Substance in Solution. Concentration. rc, 77 Authority. Sodium iodide, 35-686 % 10 0-015519 Sprung* M 30 010051 50 007327 17-15 % 10 013318 JJ 30 008554 33 50 006081 8-829 % 10 013191 35 ( 30 008301 -j 33 50 005847 Potassium chlorate, 5-687 % 30 008120 35 33 50 005666 ,, 3-506 % 10 012939 M 30 008066 5- jj 50 005684 15 Sodium chlorate, . 33-543 % 10 021835 5> j 5 30 013661 55 50 009564 J5 20-59 % 10 016043 >5 9t 30 010250 |f jj 50 007290 55 11*50 % 10 014202 5 1 M 30 009023 j. 3J 50 006370 53 Ammonium nitrate, 49-83 % 10 015898 35 30 011423 5 M 50 008824 55 37-22 % 10 012939 3 ' jj 30 009239 !3 jj 50 007002 53 27-08 % 10 012091 55 M 30 008608 55 50 006298 3) 12-19 % 10 012054 J 3 JJ 30 007994 33 JJ 50 005756 35 5-975 % 10 012559 33 M 30 007994 33 50 005702 33 Potassium nitrate, . 17-60 % 10 012415 JJ jj 30 008301 33 5 j 50 006027 JJ 12-19 % 10 012397 JJ jj 30 008084 JJ 50 005829 J J 6-316 % 10 012776 JJ jj 30 008048 JJ " 50 005738 33 617 TABLE LXXn. (2) continued. Substance in Solution. Concentration. ec. 1 Authority. Potassium nitrate, . 76-76 % 0-0155 0. E. Meyer 11-81 0166 M 9-70 0169 ?J 4-79 0179 M Normal 17-6 011125 Arrhenius* 5) 17-6 011252 Kreichgauer* M 20 010808 Miitzel* 1 25 009426 Wagner* Silver nitrate, ,, 25 011058 Sodium nitrate, 31-547 % 10 021871 Sprung* }J 30 013751 50 009636 18-20 % 10 015700 M 55 30 010087 ,, 55 50 007092 5 5 12-35 % 10 014653 55 30 009203 5J 5 J 50 006514 5 5 7-25% 10 013480 J} 55 30 008644 55 M 50 006099 55 57-11 % 0291 0. E. Meyer 35-26 0233 M . 16-31 0191 M Normal 17-6 012158 Arrhenius* n 17-6 012262 Kreichgauer* ) 5 20 012003 Miitzel* 5) 25 010269 Reyher* Barium nitrate, . . . 5 '24 % 15 012282 Wagner* 25 009788 tt i) 45 006652 ,, 2-98 % 15 011190 ,, , 25 009229 M i: 45 006283 55 Cadmium nitrate, . . . 22 '36 % 15 015359 )5 )} 25 012457 55 15 45 008577 ,, 15-71 % 15 012957 55 25 010602 ,, 55 45 007455 |f 7-81 % 15 011179 J5 55 25 009046 55 55 45 006143 55 Normal 25 010914 55 Calcium nitrate, 40-13 % 15 043779 55 55 25 039177 5 5 45 023116 618 TABLE LXXn. (2) continued. Substance in Solution. Concentration. * C. T\ Authority. Calcium nitrate, 30-10 % 15 0-026004 Wagner* 55 25 020337 55 55 45 013561 5 17-55 % 15 016920 55 55 25 013460 55 55 45 010006 55 Normal 20 014131 Miitzel* 55 25 010868 Wagner* Cobalt nitrate, , 24-528 % 15 019922 55 55 25 015884 55 5) 45 010658 55 15-960 % 15 015692 55 J5 25 012489 55 )5 45 008111 55 8-280 % 15 013473 5) 55 25 010457 >5 55 45 007189 55 Normal 25 011552 55 Copper nitrate, 4671 % 15 069093 >5 J5 25 051219 5 J 55 45 031082 55 26-68 % 15 022775 5J 55 25 017834 55 5 45 012372 J5 18-99 % 15 017555 55 55 25 013722 55 }5 45 009255 55 Normal 25 011686 55 Lead nitrate, 32'22 % 15 016575 ?5 55 25 013081 55 55 45 009124 55 17-93 % 15 013361 >5 25 010670 55 55 45 007278 55 Normal 25 010572 J5 Magnesium nitrate, 39-77 % 15 057215 55 55 25 045123 55 55 45 028535 55 34-19 % 15 038495 55 55 25 029667 55 55 45 019832 55 18-62 % 15 018008 55 55 25 014669 55 55 45 010147 51 Normal 20 014769 Miitzel* 55 25 011188 Wagner* Manganese nitrate, 49-309 % 15 071614 >5 619 TABLE LXXn. (2) continued. Substance in Solution. Concentration. i-a ' Authority. Manganese nitrate, 49-309 % 25 0-054335 Wagner* jj 45 034070 29-602 % 15 030226 J} jj 25 022737 M jj 45 015997 18-309 % 15 017317 jj 25 013783 jj 45 010033 ,, Normal 25 011509 }J Nickel nitrate, 40-953 % 15 040169 ,, jj 25 030623 jj 45 019543 ,, 30-006 % 15 024470 ,, 25 019110 M 45 012756 f> 1 6-493 % 15 016371 n }) 25 012655 }j 45 008819 }) Normal 25 011694 Strontium nitrate, . 32-61 % 15 021095 M 25 016842 jj 45 011248 ,, 21-19% 15 015754 ,, 25 012484 ,, jj 45 008676 10-29 % 15 012515 M 25 010102 }J 45 007052 j? Normal 20 013190 Miit/el* j 25 011050 Wagner* Zinc nitrate, .... 44-500 % 15 030299 ,, 25 023568 ,, jj 45 015864 30-626 % 15 018897 j 25 015469 5J 45 010410 tt 15-955 % 15 014568 n ' 25 011600 5J 45 007897 Normal 25 011537 Ammonium sulphate, 25-51 % 10 026780 Sprung* M 30 013498 50 009763 n 15-94 % 10 021691 ,, 30 010899 ,, 50 007796 n 1 8.1 o/ 1 7o 10 019471 " 620 TABLE LXXn. (2) continued. Substance in Solution. Concentration. f 0. i] Authority. Ammonium sulphate, 8-1 % 30 0-009438 Sprung* 55 50 006677 33 Lithium sulphate, . Normal 17-6 014749 Arrhenius* 35 17-6 014527 Kreichgauer* 53 25 012202 Wagner* Potassium sulphate, 9-769 % 10 014617 Sprung* 3) 30 009384 33 33 50 006659 J) 5-173 % 10 013967 33 33 30 008770 3 J) 50 006190 33 13-80 % 17-18 0133 0. E. Meyer 8-865 % 3> 0123 )3 4-43 % 33 0124 Normal 17-6 012616 Arrhenius* 33 17-6 012490 Kreichgauer* 35 25 010550 Wagner* Sodium sulphate, . 12-71 % 30 012632 Sprung* 3> 50 008680 ; j 6-626 % 10 016042 33 n 30 010069 33 >3 50 007020 j) 3-352 % 10 014509 33 J5 30 009023 33 10-425 % 0296 0. E. Meyer 7-780 % 0253 33 5-160 % 0230 3) 2-567 % 0205 33 Normal 17-6 012228 Arrhenius* 35 17-6 012228 Kreichgauer* J3 25 011845 Wagner* Beryllium sulphate, Normal 25 0123879 Wagner Cadmium sulphate, 22-011 % 15 021801 Wagner* 25 016575 33 " 45 010851 y 5 14-660 % 15 017354 33 [' 25 013058 33 3J 45 008803 j) 7-140% 15 014238 5) 25 011154 55 )3 45 007455 J3 Normal 25 012375 , 5 Cobalt sulphate, 21-167 % 15 034936 33 25 026383 35 35 45 016232 ? y 14-156% 15 021259 35 3J 25 017235 5 5 621 TABLE LXXn. (2) continued. Substance in Solution. Concentration. t C. Authority. Cobalt sulphate, . 14-156 % 45 0-011127 Wagner* 7-239 % 15 015649 ,, M 25 012401 jj 45 008135 }j Normal 25 012436 }j Copper sulphate, . 17-49 % 15 022470 ,, 25 017477 , JJ 45 011152 j 12-57 % 15 017897 j M 25 013350 j jj 45 009384 j 6-79 % 15 014370 j JJ 25 011154 j JJ 45 007471 jj Normal 17-6 016123 Arrhenius* j * 25 013211 Wagner* Magnesium sulphate, 19-325 % 10 054534 Sprung* SJ 30 030028 M J5 50 019128 14-031 % 10 033908 ti ^ 30 019381 jj jj 50 012830 >j 9-497 % 10 023622 }) 30 014021 jj jj 50 009564 j j 4-984 % 10 017360 jj )} 30 010647 jj )? 50 007381 jj Normal 17-6 015988 Arrhenius* J? 17-6 015882 Kreichgauer* 5 j 25 012313 Wagner* Manganese sulphate, 22'OS % 15 119426 n 25 085590 M 45 048146 18-80 % 15 041258 ft jj 25 031076 M 45 019385 11-45% 15 023355 fj 25 017790 ? j 45 011439 Normal 25 013354 5' Xickcl sulphate, 25-35 % 15 053875 JJ 25 040590 , jj 45 027507 18-19 % 15 028958 J f1 25 021638 J 1 " 45 013660 J 622 TABLE LXXn. (^continued. Substance in Solution. Concentration. t C. n Authority. Nickel sulphate, . . . 10'62 % 15 0-017077 Wagner* 35 25 013256 5) 55 45 008983 55 Normal 25 013369 55 Zinc sulphate, 23-09 % 15 042014 55 51 25 032015 55 5) 45 019509 55 16-64 % 15 028156 55 55 25 021404 55 55 45 013256 11 7-12 % 15 017515 11 55 25 014303 11 3J 45 009299 11 Normal 17-6 016201 Arrhenius* 33 17-6 016058 Kreichgauer* 35 25 014550 Wagner* Aluminium sulphate, 55 25 013554 0. E. Meyer K.-A1. -sulphate, 3-52 % 10-4 0164 55 55 12-5 0150 5) 55 22-3 0120 55 Ammonium chromate, 28-04 % 10 018058 Slotte* 11 30 014442 55 11 40 009927 55 19-75 % 10 015808 5 5 J) 30 012578 55 11 40 008788 55 10-52 % 10 014267 55 55 30 011224 55 35 40 007615 35 Potassium chromate, 32-78 % 10 019760 Sprung* 55 30 016039 53 55 40 011298 35 24-26 % 10 017540 Slotte* 55 30 013967 55 55 40 009427 55 19-61 % 10 015391 55 J5 30 012397 53 55 40 008653 33 11-93 % 10 013686 Sprung* 55 30 011286 33 55 40 007393 35 Normal 25 010962 Wagner* Sodium chromate, . 14-81 % 10 022918 Slotte* 35 30 017540 55 55 40 011242 33 10-62 % 10 018569 33 55 30 014267 33 623 TABLE LXXn. (2) continued. Substance in Solution. Concentration. * c. Authority. Sodium chromate, . 10-62 % 40 0-009384 Slotte* 5-76 % 10 015375 5J JJ 30 011910 M JJ 40 007886 ,, Magnesium chromate, . 27-71 % 10 041848 ?J M 30 031038 M 40 019255 j? 21-86 % 10 030010 5J 30 022593 > j 'j 40 014274 n 12-31 % 10 019865 fj }) 30 015158 } 40 009871 M Ammonium dichromate, . 19-93 % 10 013264 l( J} 30 010539 j; 40 007345 } 13:00 % 10 013047 J} 30 010268 ?) 40 006911 ' 6-85 % 10 013029 }J M 30 009943 }J 40 006839 Potassium dichromate, . 6-97 % 10 013011 }j 30 009943 )} 40 013137 4-71 % 10 013029 rt JJ 30 009925 M JJ 40 013119 " 624 TABLE LXXn. (3) Variation of y with Temperature, etc. ~ -n - , i , Absolute viscosity x 100 Z = Specific viscosity of substance = ,_. ^ Viscosity of water at Graetz gives the formula rj t = A^ _ O r Z t = A^ ^ where = absolute boiling point, and 3- = absolute solidifying point of the liquid. TABLE LXXn. (3a). The following are the values of the constants, taking A is the value of y midway between and %. 0-0180456 for water. Substance. A. AI. e. a. Water, 0-00132419 7-338 390 - 28-619 Benzol, ..... 247406 13-71 280-6 - 78-35 Toluol, 218532 12-11 320-8 - 89-02 Acetaldehyde, .... 323287 17-915 182 - 155-45 Acetone, ..... 427951 23-715 235-2 -244-5 Acid, formic, .... 358764 19-881 301-4 - 36-72 acetic, . . . . 332328 18-416 321-5 - 58-19 propionic, ..... 326228 18-078 339-9 - 66-46 butyric, .... 312784 17-333 363 - 44-19 iso-butyric, .... 289000 16-015 352 - 49-43 iso-valeric, .... 345898 19-168 377 - 35-51 iso-caproic, .... 395902 21-939 401 - 27-94 Allyl chloride, .... 479291 26-56 240-7 -268-5 a-Amyl .... 277072 15-354 272 - 104-95 i- bromide, .... 264314 14-647 315 - 45-84 Butyl aldehyde, .... 227555 12-61 241 - 54-75 i- Butyl aldehyde, .... 302986 16-79 222 - 87-52 i- ,, chloride, .... 296994 16-458 238 -113-75 i- ,, bromide, .... 295406 16-37 287 -102-14 formate, .... 276459 15-32 288 - 82-57 *" J> J5 264188 14-64 278-6 - 79-44 acetate, .... 243435 13-49 305-9 - 67-04 i>- j) , 249210 13-81 295-8 - 76-19 *- ,, propionate, 257872 14-29 318-7 - 69-56 Carbon tetrachloridc, 350987 19-45 277-9 70-09 Chloroform, ..... 372642 20-65 260 -132-85 Ethyl bromide, .... 296850 16-45 236 -143-80 625 TABLE LXXn. (3a) continued. Substance. A. Aj. 0. Zr. Ethyl formate, 0*00251556 13-94 238-6 -114-8 acetate, .... 235495 13-05 256-5 -102-4 propionate, .... 248127 13-75 280-6 - 89-59 butyrate, . 237841 13-18 304-3 - 80-38 iso-butyrate, 259857 14-40 290-4 - 88-52 ,, iso- vale rate, 222863 12-35 316 - 65-31 Ethylene chloride, 331137 18-35 283 - 84-89 Ethylidene chloride, 436162 24-17 254-5 - 147-7 Methyl acetate, .... 250762 13-896 239-8 - 108-5 ,, propionate, 245781 13-62 262-7 - 96-5 ,, butyrate, .... 242533 13-44 282 - 90-96 ,, iso-butyrate, 295406 16-37 273-6 -113-0 iso-valerate, 327528 18-15 296 -117-2 Propyl aldehyde, .... 326445 18-09 211 -127-2 chloride, .... 325506 18-038 218 -164-5 i-Propyl chloride, .... 405918 22-494 208 -192-42 bromide, .... 378777 20-99 269 -163-65 /- ,, ,,.... 401930 22-273 259 -171-65 ,, formate, .... 274654 15-22 267-4 -107-6 i- 275015 15-24 252-2 - 105-45 acetate, .... 262924 14-57 282-4 - 98-05 i- ,, ,, 264729 14-67 272 - 97-14 ,, propionate, 273932 15-18 304-8 - 81-74 *'- 277000 15-35 292-8 - 93-39 butyrate, .... 220878 12-24 326-6 - 57-17 t- ,, ,, . . 259676 14-39 314 - 76-13 ,, iso-butyrate, 270323 14-98 316 - 76-97 * ,, ,, ... 249210 13-81 305 - 75-79 Graetz found his formula inapplicable to the fatty alcohols and to ethylic ether, but Thorpe and Rodger, employing more recent data, found that for the ether the values- A = 0-003338, =194-4, and a = -227'8 gave results that, on an average, differed less than 0'3 per cent, from their experimental results. 626 i 1 O CO I O -1-3 .S Still CO t^. rH r-i CM 05 rH r CO -HH O1 I 1 ^ rH CO d <03 rj jj .p 5* o o o o o O O O O O O O o"o ooo OOO e > 2 J|fjr ?? +3? 1 1 1 1 + 00000 O O O O i + i -H-H 000 1 1 1 S ^ CO t 05 CO O5 **! O CO rfl *0 10 rH O "* 10 O5 O * CO CO C< O5 CO CN i^ i^ CN OJ r- CO 1>1 CO O5 VO CN 00 CO fM 10 CO rH rH O >0 Cl 'O CO O CO CM rH OO O CM O CO CO -* CO CO 1^ O CO i^ 05 CO 05 iO 10 rH HI -^1 CO t^. CM IO 7* 1 rH rn rH rH CN rH CN rH rQ CN CN rH in CN 0: rH rH (M 05 00 O T* Oi CO rH CN CN O kO O -^i XO -HH i^. O CN CO rH TJI 1O 05 fM O 05 OO 10 CO CO 05 CO CO CO 1-- 00 CO O O CO CO O c M OO CO T I O -HH 1^. O CO CO O5 OO CO rH 1-^ OO O5 O O 1O CO O CO CO -^ CXJ rH CN O5 r 1 rH t^ CO CO IO O CO d r C7-I t "S 10 OS CN rH t^. -* O O O) CO CO 00 CO O5 O CO rH K- O5 O5 rH 05 -h CM rH 10 05 O5 t^ 00 00 CO iO rH "* 05 * O5 CM CO CO !> 10 ^ O "HH CO CO CM lO CO CO CO O5 CO CO 10 05 00 CM t^. OO CN CM CO CO O CO -^ CO CO 33S M H S c ~ l < ""] 1 *g Ml* tf o 00000 000^ 00000 ooo H | p "S OJ

o' III IP 02 2 1 i 8 B 9 02 'S3 s> 1 1 oT 05 J3 1,1 pL fl p fl iT -S bD S 1 III I-H ^ a? 3 'o u 'o "Q HH ffi HH O M Hi 9 ., o t 627 00 r-c OS 0 OS iO CM CO - CO i 1 >O CO I-- O-. CO 'M rH VO ^- l^ OS 05 CO to CO ^ 00 >O 05 'M O OO CO l^- >-~ iO ^1 CO O ^H r-H OS OS TT< CM 0-1 oo oo r^. CM co l^. O CO "*! TJI 05 t- 1O CN ' CO CO CO O CO 01 O CO -^fi lO 1 1O d> CO CM CO ** CO -^ CO CO CO CO i 1 (M ^ CO CM 1-^ CO CO 10 1-- OO GO CO CO Pt*- IO CO 10 i i CO O !> (N t^ CO - O 01 f>J IO * CO CO Tj< O 00 CO CO 00 M (N O 00 01 CO ^H OS ^ CN XO >0 OS J^ I- CN O OS CO i i CO l- (N 1^ i-H CO O 00 r-l 1-- CO 10 CO 00 r-i CO OO 1O O -* CM OS O CM CO CO VO IO CO CM CO ^ 10 C5 i I CM O OO CO CO I-H OO OO lO ^* t~- O CO i>- co *r. CM co O 00 .TO OS OS 10 O CC O O kO T 1 CO O> i i CO -^ OO CO OS (M CO CO t^ 1O OSOOCO , + i ' "* !>. O CO F "" 1 OO "^ o i^ "* o co *# t^~ CM oo 10 OS 00 TJH t^ CM 00 t^ o> o co *< ko oo <> i i (N CO 00 CO I^. oo \a co CO CO CO CO O O tv. O Ci CO "Sit- ^ CD CM OS 1O OO i 1 . SS2 10 OS SS22S SES O O O OS O o o fc a>| E ~1|| ||| S^5 g^ ^2? s II >> -5 I 1 J B 628 <1 H iis3 OO OO ^Si: 42 10 * iO CO <* OO CO r^ (N u- VO (N CO CO Cl CO rH i-l CO "*< CO (M ~ T-H J2 cs "" -r i o o o o o o o o o o O O O rt ^ ~tj* Q} ^ 00000 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o l|g| 1 + + 1 1 + -H i + + + 1 + + + + + + 1 1 1 1 + a OS O OO .-i OO -* OS i-l 00 l^ Ol CO CO O IO CO CO ^ - i 1 ^f Tt< iO CO CO CO CM OO CO co TJ< c- CO I>- i>- O 10 (M O OS CO OS * O3 KO OS O CO r-H 10 CO CO t^ t^ OS I-H O CO 00 CO T* CO . CO O (N 1^ CO CO C^ ^ -* CO VO OS CC CD 4> t^ ,"Q eo pr] W O onT EC O^ w Q o O? ? J 1 1 1 . . . O 173 . . . . . - JS OJ ~ M "-3 ^ I ( Q} s "-^ >> G "^j "'^ ? ^ PH IS O 'jz 3 ^ s t t 1 < P r O lg-- ^"^3 >> ^ rj-T ^ -g -2 p4 S Acetic acid, Propionic ac Butyric ,, Isobutyric ,, Carbon disul l^f 629 TABLE LXXn. (3c). Values of Constants in Slotte's Equation, Slotte (BeiUatter, xvi. p. 182) gives the formula and the preceding is only a modification of this. Slotte gave first the expression c , c - ab - U , l ' a ' * - 0, i.e. -n f = = 0. a+t a+t a+t which is seen at once to be identical with the formula given by Graetz, when A = 0, = a, and 3-== a. He then found that the form ^ = * & ave Better results, and this equation he finally reduced to the form at the head of this paragraph. Thorpe and Rodger give the following values for the constants : Substance. Range. i b n Water, Ol 8 0-017793 0-017208 1-9944 0-100 OL7944 023121 1-5423 Bromine, 0- 57 012535 008935 1-4077 Mtrogen peroxide, .... 0- 16 005267 007098 1-7349 Isoprene, .... 0- 30 002600 006944 1-4433 Trimethyl-ethylene, 0- 33 002534 005341 1-7855 Pentane, . . . . i 0- 33 002827 006039 1-7295 Isopentane, ... 0- 27 002724 008435 1-2901 Diallyl, 0- 57 003388 005780 1-9340 Hexane, ..... 0- 64 003965 005279 2-1264 Isohexane, 0- 56 003713 004777 2-3237 Heptane, 6-93 005180 005551 2-1879 Isoheptane, . . . ! 0- 89 004767 005541 2-1633 Octane, ...... 0-123 007025 006873 2-0290 Benzol, ...... . 7- 76 009055 011963 1-5554 Toluol, Ethyl benzol, Xylol, ortho-, meta-, para-, . 0-108 0-132 0-142 0-136 0-136 007684 008745 011029 008019 008457 008850 008218 010379 008646 008494 1-6522 1-7616 1-6386 1-6400 1-7326 Allyl chloride, 0- 43 004059 006366 1-7459 1>r opyl . . 0- 45 004349 004917 2-2453 Isopropyl . 0- 34 004012 007485 1-5819 VOL. II.' 2 S 630 TABLE LXXn. (3r) continued. Substance. Range. n<> b N Isobutyl chloride, .... Ol 66 0-005842 0-007048 1-8706 Dichlormethane, .... 0- 38 005357 007759 1-4408 Trichlormethane, .... 0- 57 007006 006316 1-8196 Tetrachlormethane, 0- 75 013466 010521 1-7121 Ethylene chloride, .... 0- 82 011269 009933 1-6640 Ethylidene chloride, 7- 55 006025 007575 1-6761 Tetrachlorethylene, 0-118 01139 007925 1-6325 Ethyl bromide, .... 0- 37 004776 007212 1-4749 Allyl . . 0- 69 006190 006895 1-7075 Propyl 0- 68 006448 006421 1-8282 Isopropyl bromide, . 0- 57 006044 005916 2-0166 Isobutyl 0- 88 008234 006187 2-1547 Dibromethylene, 0-106 012307 008905 1-5032 Ethylene bromide, .... 9-127 024579 012375 1-6222 Propylene ,, 0-137 023005 011267 1-7075 Isobutylene bromide, 0-143 033209 013227 1-7988 Methyl iodide, .... 0- 40 005940 007444 1-4329 Ethyl . .... 0- 70 007190 006352 1-7520 Allyl .... 0- 99 009296 007933 1-6592 Propyl 0-100 009372 007308 1-7483 Isopropyl iodide, . 0- 89 008783 006665 1-9161 Isobutyl 0-117 011620 009186 1-6577 Methyl alcohol, .... 3- 64 008083 006100 2-6793 Ethyl .... 7- 74 017753 004770 4-3731 Allyl . . 7- 96 021736 009139 2-7925 Propyl ,, 7- 96 038610 007366 3-9188 Isopropyl 0- 40 045588 007057 4-9635 40- 78 048651 011593 3-4079 Butyl 0- 52 051986 007194 i 4-2452 52-114 056959 010869 3-2150 Isobutyl 0- 38 080547 010840 3-6978 38- 75 085365 011527 3-6708 75-105 094725 015838 3-0537 Trimethyl carbinol, 20- 50 135060 128156 1-3242 50- 77 1-755458 196967 2-0143 Amyl alcohol (active), 0- 35 0-111716 009851 4-3736 35- 73 124788 015463 3-2542 73-124 147676 127583 2-0050 (inactive), . 0- 40 085358 008488 4-3249 40- 80 093782 012520 3-3395 631 TABLE LXXn. (3c) continued. Substance. Range. no b n Amyl alcohol (inactive) continued, 80-128 0-152470 0-026540 2-4618 Dimethyl-ethyl carbinol, 0- 27 142538 020868 3-2080 27- 63 154021 027019 2-7578 63- 95 131901 026082 2-6610 Ethyl ether, . ... 6- 32 002864 007332 1-4644 Acetone, ..... 7- 54 003949 004783 2-2244 Methyl- ethyl ketone, 0- 77 005383 007177 1-7895 Diethyl ketone, .... 0- 99 005949 006818 1-8626 Methyl propyl ketone, 0- 99 006464 007259 1-8248 Acetaldehyde, .... 0- 20 002671 003495 2-7550 Acetic anhydride, .... 0-134 012416 010298 1-6851 Propionic anhydride, 0-165 016071 011763 1-7049 Formic acid, ..... 7- 98 029280 016723 1-7164 Acetic ,,..... 30-112 016867 008912 2-0491 Propionic acid, .... 4-138 015199 009130 1-8840 Butyric ,, 3-156 022747 010586 1-9920 Isobutyric ,, 3-148 018872 009557 2-0059 Carbon disulphide, .... 0- 46 004294 005021 1-6328 Methyl sulphide, .... 0- 36 003538 005871 1-6981 Ethyl .... 0- 88 005589 006705 1-8175 Thiophen, ..... 0- 83 00870S 009445 1-6078 The much older formula of Poiseuille, is somewhat more cumbersome, and in many cases does not give nearly so good approxima- tions as Slotte's. In the following table are given the values of the constants as calculated by Thorpe and Rodger. The ranges of temperature and the values of rj are to be taken as in the ro last tables. 632 TABLE LXXn. (3d). Values of a and j3 in Poiseuille's Equation. Substance. Values of Substance. Values of a a Water, 0-03580 0'0 3 2253 Propylene bromide, 0-01924 0'0 4 7668 Bromine, 01258 4 2290 Isobutylene bromide. . 02379 3 12568 Nitrogen peroxide, 01231 4 3212 Methyl iodide, 01067 4 1719 Isoprene, . 01002 4 1542 Ethyl iodide, 01113 4 2658 Trimethyl-ethylene, 00954 4 2000 Allyl iodide, 01316 4 3441 Pentane, 01044 4 2301 Propyl iodide, 01278 4 3493 Isopentane, 01088 4 1331 Isopropyl iodide, 01277 4 3899 Diallyl, . 01118 4 3017 Isobutyl iodide, . 01523 4 4600 Hexane, 01122 4 3337 Methyl alcohol, . 01634 4 8371 Isohexane, . OHIO 4 3509 Ethyl alcohol, 02086 2 16782 Heptane, 01214 4 4004 Allyl alcohol, . 02552 3 20902 Isoheptane, . 01199 4 3863 Propyl alcohol, . . 02495 0!,26818 Octane, 01394 4 4926 Isopropyl alcohol, 03503 Og4898 Benzol, 01861 4 6181 Butyl alcohol, 03054 0,35650 Toluol, 01462 4 4220 Isobutyl alcohol, . 04008 Og5861 Ethyl benzol, 01448 4 4530 Trimethyl carbinol, 16971 35257 Xylol ortho-, 01701 4 5636 Amyl alcohol (act.), 04308 3 7159 meta-, 01418 4 3923 Amyl alcohol (inact.), . 03671 3 5180 para-, 01472 4 4578 Dimethyl-ethyl carbinol, 06694 O.,15423 Allyl chloride, . 01111 4 2639 Ethyl ether, 01074 4 1828 Propyl chloride, . 01104 4 3381 Acetone, 01064 4 3115 Isopropyl chloride, 01185 0,2580 Methyl-ethyl ketone, . 01284 4 3639 Isobutyl chloride, 01318 4 4045 Diethyl ketone, . 01270 4 3734 Dichlormethane, 01118 4 1866 Methyl-propyl ketone, 01325 4 3965 Trichlormethane, 01149 4 2588 Acetaldehyde, 00963 4 2953 Tetrachlormethane, 01801 4 6747 Acetic anhydride, 01735 4 6122 Ethylene chloride, 01653 4 5451 Propionic anhydride, . 02005 4 8315 Ethylidene chloride, . 01270 4 3252 Formic acid, 02870 3 16953 Tetrachlorethylene, 01294 4 3243 Acetic acid, 01826 4 8537 Ethyl bromide, . 01064 4 1822 Propionic acid, . 01720 4 6941 Allyl bromide, 01177 4 2871 Butyric acid, 02109 8 11073 Propyl bromide, . 01174 4 3121 Isobutyric acid, . 01917 4 9215 Isopropyl bromide, 01193 4 3588 Carbon disulphide, 00820 4 1302 Isobutyl bromide, 01333 4 4762 Methyl sulphide,. 00997 4 1584 Dibrom-ethylene, 01339 4 2999 Ethyl sulphide, . 01219 4 3340 Ethylene bromide, 02007 4 7018 Thiophen, . 01518 4 4358 633 TABLE LXXn. (3d) continued. The following values for r) , a, and /3 have been obtained by various observers : Substance. >?o a i & Range. Authority. Water, 0-018142 0-033727 0-0002196 to 45 Poiseuille, calc. by Hagen 01778 03368 221 45 v. Helmholtz 01782 03368 221 ,,45 P. &Battelli 01775 03315 2437 45 0. E. Meyer 017987 03638 523 2-2 67 Hagen 01573 03502 0249 2-23 21-5 Grotrian, calc. by Grossmann 01811 037097 1421 ,,60 Noack 017995 037097 1495 ,,51-6 )j Alcohol, 35-11% 05703 0422 6111 ,,30 Stephan 49 06053 04053 6053 ,,30 55 70 04726 0397 4662 30 J5 G34 TABLE LXXH. (3e). O. E. Meyer finds that for a considerable number of liquids the simpler formula, rj t = r) /(l + at), answers well enough for all practical purposes. Substance. T?" a Range. Authority. Water, . . . . 0-0183 0-0369 to 33 7 O. E. Meyer 01854 04635 42-01 89-4 Rosencranz Hydrogen nitrate, . 02275 02256 27 Pagliani and Oddone Methyl alcohol, 007344 012238 11 Pagliani and Battelli Ethyl alcohol, 01843 020856 ,, 10 55 Propyl alcohol, 00417 033676 13-4 55 Isobutyl alcohol, 08275 048037 14 55 Amyl alcohol, 08922 043181 12-5 5 5 Aqueous solutions of Sodium nitrate, 14-02 % 0191 0306 2-35 24-1 0. E. Meyer 26-07 , 0233 0280 3 23-9 . 36-35 , 0291 0233 12-8 , 23-3 5 Potassium nitrate, 4'57 , 0179 0349 10-5 , 23-5 5 7-15 , 0169 0322 10-42 , 23-8 J 10-57 , 0166 0307 10-45 , 23-2 5 14-35 , 0155 0279 10-55 , 21-65 5 Sodium sulphate, 2-503 , 0205 0412 10-2 , 18 5 4-907 , 0230 0459 9-9 , 18-1 5 7-218, 0253 0502 12-4 , 18-1 5 9-441 0296 0580 10-4 , 17-9 ' None of the preceding equations lend themselves readily to rapid interpolations. For such purposes we must obtain an equation of the form given as No. 5 on page 5, ante : U, = U + x A U f , + 5 etc., and by means of this we can readily interpolate terms to any extent by addition and subtraction only. For water the compiler, from the results obtained by various investigators, finds that the following values give numbers agreeing very closely with the average values obtained experimentally : U,,= 0-0180456 A U,,= -0-000537755634176 A' J U,,= +0-000018241281536 A 3 U,,= -0-000000486030336 ,,= 40-000000006859776 635 TABLE LXXn. (4) The Absolute Viscosity of Water from C. to 100 C. V, f *t t *i t ^ 0-0180456 0175078 26 0-0088312 51 0-0054704 76 0-0037968 0169883 27 0086276 52 0053861 77 0037425 0164866 28 0084319 53 0053040 78 0036889 0160021 29 0082436 54 0052240 79 0036363 0] 55344 30 0080626 55 0051459 80 0035846 0150831 31 0078885 56 0050696 81 0035339 0146476 32 0077211 57 0049950 82 0034842 0142276 33 0075600 58 0049221 83 0034357 0138225 34 0074050 59 0048506 84 0033826 0134320 35 0072558 60 0047804 85 0033421 0130556 36 0071122 61 0047116 86 0032973 0126929 37 0069737 62 0046440 87 0032538 0123435 38 0068407 63 0045776 88 0032119 0120069 39 0067123 64 0045122 89 0031717 0116828 40 0065885 65 0044479 90 0031331 0113708 41 0064691 66 0043845 91 0030964 0110704 42 0063538 67 0043220 92 0030617 0107813 43 0062424 68 0042605 93 0030290 0105031 44 0061348 69 0041997 94 0029987 0102355 45 0060308 70 0041398 95 0029707 0099780 46 0059300 71 0040807 96 0029452 0097304 47 0058325 72 0040223 97 0029224 0094922 48 0057379 73 0039648 98 0029025 0092632 49 0056461 74 0039080 99 0028856 0090430 50 0055570 75 0038520 100 0028720 636 TABLE LXXn. (5) The Absolute Viscosity of Alcohol from to 72 C. For alcohol we get : U = 0-018430 A U = -0-00037131398982 Anj = +0-00000839455679 A 3 U = -0-00000017311571 A 4 U = +0-00000000220143 t *< ' e ' *< t it f *t 0-018430 1 018059 19 0-012651 37 0-009082 55 0-006683 2 017696 20 012412 38 008924 56 006574 3 017341 21 012178 39 008768 57 006467 ' 4 016994 22 011950 40 008616 58 006362 5 016557 23 011727 41 008467 59 006260 6 016325 24 011508 42 008322 60 006159 7 016001 25 011295 43 008179 61 006060 8 015685 26 011087 44 008040 62 005963 9 015376 27 010883 45 007903 63 005869 10 015074 28 010684 46 007769 64 005775 11 014779 29 010490 47 007638 65 005684 12 014491 30 010300 48 007510 66 005594 13 014210 31 010114 49 007385 67 005507 14 013935 32 009932 50 007262 68 005420 15 013666 33 009755 51 007141 69 005336 16 013403 34 009581 52 007023 70 005253 17 013147 35 009411 53 006907 71 005172 18 012896 36 009245 54 006794 72 005092 637 TABLE LXXn. (6) The Absolute Viscosity of Bromine. (L. Kann.) / p 1 \J, 7? tC. n 0-014268 30 0-010874 5 013584 35 010469 10 012995 40 010114 15 012363 45 009793 20 011829 50 009489 25 011327 TABLE LXXn. (7) Specific Viscosities. Water at C = 100. Water. Poiseuille, given by Graetz. o 1w ,2~0 P Graham I. Graham II. Rellstab. 'Sb"S fl u- 02 IN ^ El ** if jfo s^ 02 4* d s* -2 > 02 - | 1 Landolt and Bornstein. 12 a*|ri frfdl O . _= SCi-s HI P4 1 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 5 85-30 84-93 84-29 84-6 , 84-90 10 73-5 73-70 73-57 72-93 73-5 73-18 73-17 72-68 73-3 73-26 15 64-53 63-84 63-27 63-6 63-75 20 56-7 56-76 55-95 56-04 55-5 56-23 56-41 56-43 55-75 56-2 56-2 56-33 25 50-51 50-39 49-56 49-9 50-11 30 45-2 45-21 44-70; 45-01 45-0 45-14 45-11 45-25 44-41 44-6 44-9 44-85 35 40-60 40-66 40-04 40-7 40-49 40 37-0 37-77 36-84 36-95 37-2 37-08 36-95 36-93 36-34 36-7 367 36-75 45 33-50 33-86 33-30 33-9 33-57 50 30-8 31-07 31-00 31-2 31-245 31-10 30-59 31-7 31-5 30-79 55 30-93 28-21 29-0 28-43 60 27-14 26-89 26-76 26-11 26-9 26-32 65 24-23 25-0 24-49 70 22-57 23-5 22-83 75 21-13 21-34 80 19-80 20-02 85 18-64 18-84 90 17-59 17-74 95 ! 16-65 16-79 100 15-76 15-92 638 TABLE LXXn. 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Bromine, . 70-73 62-37 55-88 50-53 45-95 Carbon disulphide, . 20-5 19-7 19-0 24-16 22-27 20-64 19-24 17-94 Nitrogen peroxide, 29-67 26-32 23-51 Pentane, . 15-92 14-37 13-05 11-92 Isopentane, 15-35 13-36 12-54 11-47 Hexane, 22-30 19-97 18-00 16-31 14-85 Isohexane, . 20-87 18-70 16-87 15-33 13-89 Heptane, . 29-19 25-87 23-09 20-75 18-78 Isoheptane, 26-83 23-79 21-32 19-21 17-38 Octane, 39-54 34-45 30-26 26-91 24-07 Isoprene, . 14-62 13-27 12-12 11-14 Diallyl, . 19-07 17-07 15-41 14-00 12-77 -Isoamylene, . 14-29 12-99 11-89 10-91 Benzol, 45-9 42-4 39-3 36-5 33-6 31-5 29-6 27-8 25-9 41-2 35-7 31-0 27-2 50-76 42-69 36-50 31-61 27-67 Toluol, . 41-4 38-2 35-4 33-1 31-1 29-3 27-6 26-2 25-0 38-3 32-4 43-22 37-54 32-96 29-25 26-21 Ethyl benzol, . 49-16 42-63 37-49 33-29 29-75 Xylol, ortho-, 62-01 52-53 45-39 39-68 35-04 meta-, . 45-6 42-4 39-3 36-9 34-7 32-7 30-8 29-1 27-7 42-4 30-8 45-11 39-23 34-59 30-76 27-62 para-, Solid 41-34 36-19 32-03 28-60 Methyl alcohol, 39 37 35-2 33-5 31-7 27-8 40'3 34-4 29-9 26-2 33-3 29-7 25-4 45-73 38-58 33-24 28-96 25-31 Ethyl alcohol, . 83-3 55-7 82-3 56-2 86-2 58-8 101-6 91-2 82-2 75-4 68-9 62 '4 56-5 51-4 47-1 43*1 99-55 81-50 67-04 55'65 46-54 Propyl alcohol, 111-8 103-3 94-0 85-6 76-8 62-6 149 131 115 100 79 175 156 137 121 105 83 127-9 99-9 78-8 162-2 125-7 99-0 78-3 218-33 164-06 126-83 99-97 78-91 Isopropyl alcohol, 170 148 128 112 98 74 139-7 103-2 78-4 187-0 1371 102-1 77"6 257-69 182-5 133-24 98-71 74-75 639 (7) Specific Viscosities continued. 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 41-90 Th. and R. Wij. Th. and R. 11 13-56 12-43 12-68 11-70 11 17-04 15-52 14-23 13-05 12-04 i 15-83 14-45 13-21 12-15 11-25 i 21-68 19-66 17-88 16-34 14-96 13-75 12-68 11-67 i 11-67 J5 11 24-4 21-6 P. and H. 23-9 Wij. 24-58 21-96 19-74 18-39 Th. and R. 23-8 21-4 P. and H. deH. 23-59 21-43 19-54 17-88 16-39 15-16 14-06 Th. and R. 26-83 24-30 22-16 20-25 18-59 17-12 15-83 14-74 13-69 31-24 28-09 25-45 23-12 21-15 19-43 17-88 16-54 15-35 14-29 M 26-4 23-9 P. and H. deH. 25-00 22-72 20-75 19-07 17-60 16-25 15-13 14-06 13-10 Th. and R. 25-83 23-17 21-20 19-40 17-83 16-42 15-19 14-09 13-10 11 23-8 R. 22-9 G. 22-3 Tr. 22-27 19-66 Th. and R. 39-5 Gr. I. 39-6 Gr. II. 40-7 R. 39-5 33-9 28-7 L. and B. 39-23 33-27 28-37 Th. and R. 50-6 R. 63 P. and H. 68 11 64-1 Tr. 63-5 G. 63-44 51-69 42-58 35-32 29-58 Th. and R. 58 P. and H. 60-7 Tr. 59-9 G. 57-71 45-22 36-11 29-25 Th. and R. 640 TABLE LXXn, 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 j 40 45 Butyl alcohol, . 213-1 189-7 166-8 144-3 125-0 94-1 238 208 182 159 139 107 291-62 217-77 165-75 127-45 100-11 Isobutyl alcohol, 325 275 233 198 169 125 220-2 163-8 120-1 320-5 227-4 166-3 123-3 452-08 311-98 219-68 161-02 119-29 Trimethyl carbinol, . Solid Solid Solid 188-36 118-28 Aniyl alcohol (in- active), . 366 309 264 225 193 143 271-2 243-8 215-6 188-2 133-7 LI 492-80 343-48 246-91 181-89 136-84 II., 479-86 337-46 244-15 180-31 135-77 Amyl alcohol (active), 625-93 417-60 286-33 202-08 146-57 Dimethyl - ethyl car- binol, . 797-47 442-07 261-08 168-73 114-96 Allyl alcohol, . 116 104 92 80 72 58 120-58 95-78 76-55 65-52 51-24 Ethylene glycol, Propyl chloride, 21-5 20-6 19-6 18-6 17-7 167 15-7 24-52 21-93 19-80 17*94 16-37 Isopropyl chloride, . 22 21 20 19 18 22-61 20-13 18-11 16-39 Isobutyl chloride, 30 28 26-5 25 23-5 21 32-82 28-91 25-67 22-95 20-61 Isoamyl chloride, 35 32-5 30 29 27-5 25 Allyl chloride, . 22-83 20-50 18-53 16-76 15-38 Monochlor-benzol, 53-1 49-7 46-5 43-8 41-2 38-8 36-9 35-0 Monochlor-toluol, 62-8 58-5 54-6 50-7 47-5 44-9 41-9 39-3 Benzyl chloride, 84-7 77-4 70-6 65-5 60-8 56'8 53-2 Methylene dichloride, 3015 27-02 24-49 22-30 20-42 Ethylene chloride, 49-8 46-5 43-5 40-5 37-7 35-6 33-6 63'44 54'05 46-85 41-06 36-03 Ethylidene chloride, . 32 30-5 29 27-5 26 24 34-95 30-88 27-56 24-77 22-41 Chloroform, 36 34 32 30-5 29 26 31-4 29-8 28-4 25-8 39-37 35-21 31 72 28'74 26-18 Carbon tetrachloride, 65 60 56 52 48 42 75-73 63-72 54'50 47-33 41-51 Tetrachlor-ethylene, . 64-07 56-44 50-20 45-16 40-86 Ethyl bromide, . 24 22-5 21 20 195 26-88 24-27 22-05 20-8 Propyl bromide, 31-3 30-0 28-7 27-5 26-2 24-9 23-6 22-3 36-28 32-34 29-08 26-26 23-90 641 (.7) continual. 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 f 160 78-0 R. 84 P. and H. 79-25 63-92 52-11 42-86 35-63 30-06 25-56 ( Th. and R. 94 P. and H. 91-4 Tr. 94-2 G. 90-49 69-68 54-72 43-81 35-60 29-30 Th. and R. 80-74 57-90 43-42 33-72 110 P. and H. 103-5 R. 104-72 81-50 64-65 51-97 42-58 35-21 29-61 25-17 21-57 Th. and R. 103-99 81-16 64-51 51-94 42-60 35-29 29-75 25-34 21-71 107-86 82-79 64-51 51-12 41-34 34-03 28-40 24-13 11 81-95 60-60 46-68 36-98 29'81 24-41 47 P. and H. 42-72 36-11 30-79 26-43 22-89 Th. and R. 350 @ P. and H. 55'8 Th. and R. P. and H. Th. and R. 19 P. and H. 18-67 16-96 Th. and R. 22 P. and H. 11 33-2 37-1 32-7 n 49-5 43-5 40-2 11 Th. and R. 31-7 P. and H. 32-42 29-19 26-43 23-95 Th. and R. 22 P. and H. 20-39 Th. and R. 2\ P. and H. Wij. 23-95 21-93 Th. and R. 37 P. and H. 36-75 29-47 Th. and R. 37-18 34-03 31-30 28-91 26-71 24-80 23-09 21-51 P. and H. Th. and R. P. and H. 21-79 19-99 18-42 Th. and R. 642 TABLE LXXn. 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Isopropyl bromide, . 32 31 29-5 28 27 24-5 34-00 30-26 27-11 24.47 22-16 Isobutyl bromide, 46'31 40-55 35-88 32-00 28-77 Iso-amyl bromide, 80 72 65 60 55-5 46-5 Allyl bromide, . 34 31-5 30 28-5 27 24-5 34-81 31-05 27-87 25-25 23-03 Monobrom-benzol, 78 73 68 63 59 53 Acetylene bromide, . 69-18 60-91 53-96 48-37 43-76 Ethylene bromide, . 103-4 95-2 89-0 83-5 78-4 136-95 114-45 96-51 82'68 71-99 Propylene bromide, . 129-33 107-42 91-06 78-40 68-36 Isobutylene bromide, 186-50 149-21 121-99 102-25 86-92 Methyl iodide, . 31-5 30-5 29 28 27 24-5 33-44 30-15 27-39 25-08 23-00 Ethyl iodide, . 36 34 32 30 29 27 40-44 36-28 32-79 29-81 27-22 Propyl iodide, . 47-2 44-8 42-4 40 37-7 35-3 32-9 30-5 52-76 46-51 41-45 37-20 33-66 Isopropyl iodide, 47 44 41 39 37 32 49-41 43-59 38-81 34-81 31-44 Butyl iodide, 58 54-5 51-5 48'5 46 41 Isobutyl iodide, 55-5 51-5 48 45-5 43 38 65-38 56-02 48-93 43-39 38-84 Isoamyl iodide, . 67 62 58 55 51 45 Allyl iodide, 45 42-5 40-5 38-5 36-5 33 52-31 46-06 40-86 36-64 33-10 Nitro-ethane, . 45 42 40 38 36 32 Nitro-propane, . 55-5 52 49 46 43 38 Iso-nitro-propane, Propyl nitrite, . 47 25 44 24 41 23 39 22 36-5 21 32 19 Nitro-butane, . 67 62-5 58 54 50 44 Iso-nitro-butane, 72 67 62 58 54 47 Isobutyl nitrite, 47-5 44 41 38 35-5 30-5 Nitro-benzol, 124-3 114-0 103-8 95-3 87-4 807 74-1 Artho -nitre-toluol, . 144-0 130-9 117-9 107-0 97-4 89-4 82-7 Chlorpicrin, 76 71 66 61 57 50 Methyl sulphide, 19-91 1800 16-48 15-10 Ethyl mercaptan, 24 22-5 21 20 19-5 Ethyl sulphide, . 27 25-5 24 23 22 20 31-44 27-90 25-00 22-55 20-42 Thiophen, . 48-99 42-30 37-06 32-79 28'25 Formic acid, 122-5 109-7 99-2 89-7 81-7 68-2 107-6 70*9 127-5 101-8 82-6 69-0 Solid 126-26 100-22 81-95 68-36 643 7) continued. 5(T 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 22 P. and H. 2016 Th. and R. 26*01 23-56 21-48 19-60 17-80 n 40-5 P. and H. 23 3) 21'03 19-32 17-77 Th. and R. 48 P. and H. 39-79 36-44 33-52 30-93 28-66 26-63 Th. and R. P. and H. 63-22 56-16 50-34 45-44 41-23 37-57 34-36 31-61 29-13 Th. and R. 60-35 53-57 47-97 43-25 39-20 35-71 32-70 30-06 27-76 25-65 33 74-86 65-41 57-65 51-12 45-73 41-14 37-23 33-86 30-93 28-40 3} P. and H. Th. and R. 25 P. and H. 24-97 23-00 21-26 Th. and R. 28-1 P. and H. 30-57 27-95 25-65 23-59 21-77 20-19 Th. and R. 29 P. and H. 28-51 26-04 23'85 21-88 Th. and R. 38 P. and H. 34-5 3) 34-98 31-69 28-88 26-41 24-18 22-27 20-58 19-01 Th. and R. 40 P. and H. 30 3) 30-06 27-47 25-17 23-17 21-43 19-80 Th. and R. 29 P. and H. 34-5 35 28 3) 17 3? 39 35 44 33 26 )3 69-8 60-8 33 76-5 66-1 3' 45 33 Th. and R. P. and H. IK 3) 18-62 17-07 15-69 14-45 13-33 Th. and R. 26-32 23-85 21-68 19-68 33 57-0 R. Tr. 57-8 G. 58-0] 49-89 43-59 38-36 34-08 30-48 Th. and R. G44 TABLE LXXE . 1 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Acetic acid, 81-9 75-8 70-1 64-9 60-2 51-9 79-9 56-9 84-4 77-2 71-7 65-5 61-4 53-6 84 77 71 66 61 53 Solid Solid 68-56 58"27 50-67 Propionic acid, . 70-3 65-2 60-5 55-7 51-5 45-3 78 72 66-5 61-5 57 51 63-5 49-5 85-43 72-33 61-81 53-77 47-30 Butyric acid (fer- mentation), HO'2 101-3 92-4 83-5 77-4 66-2 127 114 103 94-5 86 79 72 66-5 61-6 108-3 90-1 75-5 65-4 128-46 10399 86-50 73-17 62-85 Isobutyric acid, . 82-7 76-4 70-6 65-1 60-3 56-0 52-1 106-02 88-08 73-96 63-33 54-95 Isovaleric acid, . 152-4 138-1 124-1 113-7 103-3 86-8 Isocaproic acid, . 222-2 200-4 179-1 158-0 139-7 117-1 Acetic anhydride, 69-83 59-00 50-73 44-26 39-00 Propionic anhydride, 90-44 74-63 62-77 53-82 46-77 Ethyl ether, 16-0 15-2 14-5 13-8 13-1 19-3 19-2 19-1 19-0 -18-9 14-5 13-8 13-1 12-4 11-7 16-08 14-54 13-19 11-92 Acetone, . 22 21-5 21-1 20-7 20-3 19-4 24 23 fe2 21 20 18 22-16 20-02 18-14 16-48 15-07 Methyl-ethyl ketone, . 30-28 26-72 23-79 21-34 19-26 Diethyl ketone, 33-46 29-53 26-18 23-59 21-34 Methyl-propyl ketone, 36-22 31-78 28-18 25-22 22-72 Acetyl aldehyde, 20-7 20-7 20-7 15-02 13-69 12-46 Propyl aldehyde, Butyl aldehyde, 26-5 45 24-5 41 23 37 21-5 34 20-5 31 18-5 27 Isobutyl aldehyde, . 36-5 33-5 30-5 28 26 23 Yaleral, . 39-7 37-9 36-1 34-3 32-4 28-8 Isovaleral, 39-5 36-5 34 32 30-5 27-5 Benzaldehyde, . 96-1 90-1 84-0 78-0 71-9 62U Salicyl aldehyde, 179-8 166 1 152-4 138-7 125-1 101-7 Methyl acetate, . 26-3 25-0 23-8 22-6 21-4 18-9 26 24-5 23 21-5 20 18 Methyl propionate, . 31 29 27 26 24-5 22 Methyl butyrate, 35-5 33-8 32-0 30-3 28-6 25-1 42-1 35-1 Methyl isobutyrate, . 35 33 31 29 27'5 25 645 (7) continued. 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 44-9 N* Tr.t 46-3 R.J 46 P.andH. 44-49 39-37 35-15 31-50 28-40 25-83 23-43 Th. and R. 40-9 R. 45 P. and H. Tr. 42-01 37-60 33-83 30-62 27-84 25-42 23-26 21-34 19-66 18-08 Th. and R. 57-6 R. 57 50 44 P. and H. 57-8 G. 54-64 48-00 42-52 37-91 34-00 30-65 27-78 25-28 23-00 21-03 19-29 17-66 Th. and R. 48-5 P. and H. 48-26 42-74 38-13 34-25 30-82 27-84 25-25 23-06 21-12 19-40 17-83 Th. and R. 71-5 R. 97-8 i }) 34-67 31 '*Q 28-07 25-48 23-20 21-20 19-52 18-00 16-68 Th. and R. 41-06 36- 9 32-51 29-30 26-52 24-16 22-44 20-22 18-62 17-21 15-97 14-82 n Wij. R. P.andH. Th.andR. 18'6 R. 16 P. and H. 13-81 Th. and P 17-49 16-00 14-62 13-47 M 19-38 17-72 16-25 14-93 13-78 12-71 M 20-58 18-76 17-15 15-75 14-51 13-39 jj R. Th. and R. P. and H. 23 }j 21 ,', 25-1 R. 24-5 P. and H. 53-8 R. 84-2 16-4 17 " 20 21-7 30-4 deH. 23 P. and H. VOL. II. 2 T 646 TABLE LXXn 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Methyl isovalerate, . 40'8 39-0 37-3 35-5 33-7 30-2 Methyl benzoate, 130-3 120-3 110-2 100-2 90-1 75-2 131-2 86-2 Methyl salicylic acid, Ethyl formate, . 192-1 27-8 174-1 26-5 156-0 25-3 137-9 24-0 119-8 22-7 96-7 20-3 25-5 24-0 22-6 21-3 20-1 19 18-0 17 Ethyl acetate, . 29-9 28-5 27-8 26-2 25-0 22-6 28-8 26-7 25-0 23-6 22-2 20-9 19-9 18-8 Ethyl propionate, 36-5 34 32 30 28 26 Ethyl butyrate, . 38-2 36-4 34-6 32-8 31-0 27-4, 42-9 40-4 37-9 35-4 32-9 30-5 28-9 27-3 39'6 31-7 Ethyl isobutyrate, 41 38 35 33 31 27 Ethyl valerate, . 48-0 45-6 43-2 40-8 38-4 33-6 50-2 46-7 43-4 40-2 37-2 34-5 32-2 30-2 Ethyl benzoate, . 148-8 135-5 122-1 108-7 98-0 82-2 144-7 89-8 Propyl formate, 33-5 31 29 27-5 26 23 Isopropyl formate, . 32 30 28 26-5 25 22-5 Propyl acetate, . 37 35 33 31 29 25 Isopropyl acetate, Propyl propionate, . Isopropyl propionate, Propyl butyrate, 36 48 42 58 34 44 39 53 32 41 37 49 30 38 35 46 28 36 33 43 24-5 32 29 37 Isopropyl butyrate, . 52 48 44 41 38-5 34-5 Propyl isobutyrate, . 53 49 45-5 42-5 40 35 Isopropyl isobutyrate, Propyl benzoate, 47-5 206 43 181 40 158 38 142 36 126 32 104 Butyl formate, . 46 42-5 39 36*5 34-5 30-5 Isobutyl formate, 44 41 38 35-5 33 29 Butyl acetate, . 52 49 46 43 40 35 Isobutyl acetate, 45'5 42-0 39-0 36-5 34-1 32 30-0 28'] Isobutyl propionate, . 55-5 51-5 47-5 44-5 41-5 36-5 Butyl butyrate, , 62-5 47-3 Butyl benzoate, . 228-4 126-1 Isoamyl formate, 51-4 48-8 461 43-4 40-7 35-4 Amyl acetate, . 59-4 54-7 50-0 46-3 43-0 39-7 36-4 34'i Isoamyl acetate, 89-4 81-9 74.4 687 63-0 52-9 Amyl butyrate. . 73-9 54-2 Amyl valerate, . 92-8 64-2 Isoamyl valerate, 94-1 85-1 77-9 71-3 65-4 55-9 Amyl benzoate, . 266-4 153-2 Allyl acetate, . 38-3 36 34 32 30-5 27-5 Ethyl mono - chlor- acetate, . 84-5 78 72 66 61 53 Anilin, 247-0 179-4 135-5 647 (7) continued. 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 267 R. 64'8 M 62-5 deH. 80'5 R. 17-7 n 16'1 P. and H. 20-3 17'9 15-7 R. P. and H. 24 M 23-8 R. 25'7 22-5 P. and H. 269 25 deH. P. and H. 29'9 28-5 25-4 R. P. and H. 69-6 66-4 21 R. deH. P. and H. 20 " 22 " 22 29 26 33 30 31-5 M 28 23 ,, 88 ,, 27-5 M 26 30-5 26-3 1) 32 n 38-9 deH. 85-7 31-1 R. 32-7 P. and H. 44-1 j R. 43-2 deH. 49-2 48-4 R. 99-2 deH. 25 P. and H. 46 J5 06-4 Wij. 648 TABLE LXXn (8). Absolute Viscosities of some Solutions. (97 for water at 0" = 0'0180456.) (a) Inorganic acids. Hydrogen Chloride. Hydrogen Nitrate. Hydrogen Sulphate. Grms. of Grms. of Values of rj at Grms. of Acid per 100 grms. TJ at 20 C. Acid per 100 grms. Acid per 1 litre i) at 20. Solution. Solution. 0C. 10 C. Solution. 19-61 0-013793 53-90 0*02945 0-02324 33-7 0-01085C 20-03 014088 58-10 03295 02470 59-0 011228 20-80 014293 61-56 03459 02604 114-2 012354 24-40 015176 64-30 03560 02676 228-3 015353 25-00 015293 66-60 03475 02584 458-4 023685 25-26 015646 67-82 03422 02579 748-3 040686 25-64 015647 71-24 03288 02465 922-6 062068 26-33 015766 72-85 03276 02456 1240-4 144730 28-58 016720 1839-6 221496 30-77 017764 (b) Acetic acid. (Wijkander.) Grms. of Values of TJ at CHgCOOH in each 100 grms. Solution. 13 C. 20 C. 30 C. 40 C. 50 C. 2-1 0-01906 0-01640 0-01353 0-01128 0-00967 5-7 02671 02222 01752 01421 10-8 03106 02549 01981 01575 01287 13-0 03187 02601 02009 01595 01304 15-3 03303 02682 02069 01626 01327 17-2 03330 02694 02070 01643 01324 19-6 03354 02726 02093 01635 01327 21-4 03360 02727 02079 01640 01327 23-3 03388 02739 02091 01643 01316 23-9 03322 02701 02052 01618 01314 24-4 03355 02708 02073 01623 01287 27-7 03314 02664 02038 01603 01297 649 -* t>- I I OS OO TH t~ OS OO OS -* OS rH rH O O rH rH r- s & o o to t O OO oo oo o o -d 4 S 5 5 i O O to C3 * CO -H t^ (N C iO US 0-005185 006324 1 g 00 009642 009932 g 21 CO **" rH CM O O 58 CM O rH O OS OS o o OO 00 S CO o o o o 3d i CO CO OS CO 1 co OS rH OS O CO Tfl ! 1 rH 1C rH 1 us rH O OS ^*l P-o b o o o O o o n? g 1 OS rH rH - t- CO O 00 3 b i o o O o o 1 b US CO CO 1 035112 00 s 00 o 055772 055772 t^ US s s 050176 co CO 034378 CM t^ CO CO US CO US CO s P-b 0-018054 028563 rH US CO US o 064599 CO s o S 070671 066756 063211 CO i o s -* o Jll rH JU ^ ater, H 2 100-0 0-00283 0-0199 7-05 0-053 i 18-73 omine, . Br 2 58-9 00691 0981 14-20 370 1 53-5 jprenc, . C 5 H 8 362 00185 0415 22-10 195 103-9 imethyl-ethylene, C-H 10 36-1 00188 0420 22-69 200 108-1 ntane, cX 2 36-3 00200 0480 24-00 235 117-6 >pentane, C 5 H 19 30-4 00203 0489 24-10 240 118-3 allyl, . C~H 1( ~ 59-2 00192 0483 25-15 242 126-1 jxane, C 6 H 14 69-4 00204 0550 26-94 285 139-8 )hexane, . C 6 H 14 62-0 00205 0551 26-87 286 139-3 jptane, 98-4 ' 00199 0593 29-78 323 162-5 )heptane, C* IT 7 16 90-3 00198 0588 29-72 321 162-0 tane, C 8 H 18 125-3 00198 0646 32-62 369 186-3 nzol, C* TT 80-2 00316 0661 20-92 302 95-7 luol, C 7 H 8 110-7 00248 0596 24-05 293 118-0 tiyl-benzol, CsVo 136-1 00233. 0624 26-80 323 138-7 tho-xylol, QH 144-0 00247 0660 26-73 341 138-2 )ta-xylol, C 8 H 10 139-0 00219 0590 26-92 306 139-7 ra-xylol, . Vxg Jtl-j Q 138-2 00220 0594 26-99 308 140-2 iyl chloride, C 3 H 5 C1 45-5 00261 0504 19-29 221 84-7 opyl chloride, . C 3 H 7 C1 46-4 00274 0557 20-32 251 91-6 >propyl chloride, C 3 H 7 C1 36-3 00274 0567 20-66 258 93-9 >butyl chloride, C 4 H 9 C1 68-6 00280 0657 23-47 318 113-7 chlorm ethane, . ichlormethane,. CH 2 C1 2 40-2 CHC1 3 61-3 00363 00386 0587 0743 16-18 19-25 236 65-1 326 84-5 krachlormethane, CC1 4 76-8 00488 1077 22-07 506 103-7 lylene chloride, C 2 H 4 C1, 84-0 00410 0795 19-38 350 85-3 lylidene chloride, krachlor-ethylene, . C 2 H 4 CU 57-4 00338 C 2 C1 4 " 120-7 00380 0674 0898 19-93 23-59 301 436 89-0 114-6 iyl bromide, . i C 2 H 5 Br 38-4 00328 0597 18-18 255 77-5 Iyl bromide, . C 3 H 5 Br 70-5 00315 0635 20-16 285 90-5 opyl bromide, . C 3 H 7 Br 71-0 00325 0686 21-11 315 97-0 >propyl bromide, C 3 H,Br 59-7 00329 0705 21-43 326 99-1 butyl bromide, C 4 H 9 Br 91-9 00311 0761 24-46 376 121-0 Dromethylene, C 2 H 2 Br 2 109-5 00442 0895 20-25 403 91-1 lylene bromide, C 2 H 4 Br 2 131-0 00514 1089 21-18 501 97-5 Dpylene bromide, C 3 H 6 Br 2 141-8 00450 1085 24-11 533 1 118-4 butylene bromide, . C 4 H 8 Br 2 149-6 00467 1274 27-29 666 142-6 654 TABLE LXXi. (2) continued. Substance. Formula. ' Specific Molecular Area. III Methyl iodide, . CH a I 42-9 0-00399 0-0639 16-02 0-256 64-1 Ethyl iodide, CW 72-4 00371 0721 19-45 318 85-8 Allyl iodide, C 3 H-I 102-8 00344 0745 21-67 347 100-9 Propyl iodide, cX 1 102-4 00353 0795 22-51 377 106-8 Isopropyl iodide, cX 1 89'2 00359 0816 22-73 389 108-4 Iso butyl iodide, . C 4 H 9 I 120'2 00338 0862 25-50 435 128-8 Methyl alcohol, . CH 3 C)H 65-0 00328 0401 12-20 140 42-6 Ethyl alcohol, C 2 H 5 OH 78-4 00441 0693 15-72 275 62-3 Allyl alcohol, C 3 H 5 OH 96-6 00373 0659 17-66 277 74-2 Propyl alcohol, . C 3 H r OH 97-4 00463 0869 18-77 376 81-3 Isopropyl alcohol, C 3 H r OH 82-9 00490 0928 18-92 404 82-3 Butyl alcohol, C 4 H 9 OH 117-3 00105 0883 21-80 410 101-8 Isobutyl alcohol, . C 4 H q OH 107-8 00452 0987 21-84 461 102-1 Trimethyl carbinol, C 4 H 9 OH 82-4 00566 1243 21-96 582 102-9 Amyl alcohol (active) . C 5 H U OH 128-7 00374 0920 24-60 456 122-0 (inactive) C 5 H n OH 131-4 00378 0936 2477 466 123-3 Dimethyl-ethyl carbinol, C 5 H n OH 101-9 00418 1024 24-50 507 121-4 Ethyl ether, C H OC H 34-8 00205 0459 22-41 217 106-1 w Acetone, CH 3 COCH 3 56-3 00232 0420 18-10 179 77-0 Methyl-ethyl ketone, . C 2 H 5 COCH 3 80-0 00239 0504 21-07 231 96-7 Diethyl ketone, . C 2 H 5 COC 2 H 5 102-1 00222 0533 24-02 261 117-7 Methyl-propyl ketone, . CH 3 COC 3 H 7 102-0 00234 0565 24-13 277 118-5 Acetaldehyde, CH 3 COH 21-1 00219 0322 14-71 124 56-4 Acetic anhydride, (CH 3 CO) 2 139-1 00277 0635 22-93 304 109-8 Propionic anhydride, . (C 2 H 5 CO) 2 168-6 00247 0710 28-75 381 154-2 Formic acid, HCOOH 101-0 00536 0639 11-93 221 41-2 Acetic acid, Propionic acid, CH 3 COOH C 2 H 5 COOH 118-1 141-0 00385 00319 0615 0630 15-97 19-45 246 274 63-8 85-8 Butyric acid, C 3 H 7 COOH 162-1 00309 0702 22-71 334 108-2 Isobutyric acid, . C 8 H 7 COOH 154-0 00307 0700 22-80 334 108-9 Carbon disulphide, CS 2 46-2 00305 0478 15-68 189 62-1 Methyl sulphide, . Ethyl sulphide, . Thiophen, . /irr cpfT Vy JJ.Q O W -Llo C 2 H 5 SC 2 H 5 CH:CH.S.CH:CH 37-5 92-0 84-1 00253 00234 00336 0450 0572 0649 17-80 24-44 19-32 190 283 285 75-1 120-8 84-9 655 TABLE LXXi. (3) Chemical Structure and Viscosity of Liquids, when = 0-0000323. Specific Specific Substance. tC. n v& Molecular ** Molecular Area. Volume. Water, .... 96-8 0-00292 0-0206 7-04 0-055 18-69 Isoprene, .... -12-1 00295 0620 21-02 284 96-38 Trimethyl-ethylene, . -20-2 00311 0665 21-38 308 98-89 Pentane, .... - 5-4 00299 0687 22-97 329 110-06 Isopentane - 4-4 00286 0663 23-20 320 111-74 Diallyl, .... 97 00304 0728 23-95 356 117-22 Hexane, .... 20-5 00318 0818 25-74 415 130-56 Isohexane, 16-0 00312 0799 25-62 405 129-66 Heptane, .... 41-1 00330 0931 28-22 495 149-92 Isoheptane, 35-7 00322 0908 28-21 482 149-83 Octane, . . 64-1 00336 1035 30-80 574 170-94 Benzol, .... 75-9 00330 0688 20-85 314 95-23 Toluol, .... 69-8 00354 0821 23-19 396 111-71 Ethyl-benzol, . 77-9 00367 0939 25-60 475 129-53 Ortho-xylol, 91-3 00372 0954 25-64 483 129-80 Meta-xylol, 70-6 00368 0939 25-51 474 128-86 Para-xylol, 75-1 00360 0923 ! 25-64 467 129-79 Allyl chloride, . 20-3 00328 0617 18-82 268 81-64 Propyl chloride, 26'4 00330 0658 19-93 294 88-95 Isopropyl chloride, . 21-4 00317 0644 20-31 290 91-51 Isohutyl chloride, 50-2 00331 0760 22-95 364 109-95 Dichlormethane, 37-1 00372 0600 16-12 241 64-70 Trichlormethane, 60-6 00388 0747 19-25 328 84-47 Tetrachlormethane, . 104-9 00377 0854 22-65 406 107-77 Ethylene chloride, . 93-7 00377 0737 19-55 326 86-46 Ethylidene chloride, . 52-2 00355 0702 19-78 312 87-94 Tetrachlorethylene, . 98-4 00446 1032 23-14 496 111-33 Ethyl bromide, 26-9 00368 0665 18-02 282 76-53 Allyl bromide, . 50-8 00371 0734 19-79 327 88-03 Propyl bromide, 54-7 00372 0774 20-81 353 94-96 Isopropyl hromide, . 51-6 00353 0750 21-25 346 98-01 Isobutyl bromide, 76'6 00360 0877 24-36 433 120-25 Dibrom-ethylene, 103-0 00463 0932 20-13 418 90-32 Ethylene bromide, . 147-8 00455 0973 21-39 450 98-93 Propylene bromide, . 144-6 00441 1068 24-23 526 119-28 Isobutylene bromide, 161-3 00426 1171 27-48 614 144-03 Methyl iodide, . 42-9 00399 0638 15-98 255 63-91 656 TABLE LXXi. (3) continued. Substance. tC. n ** Specific Molecular Area. ** Specific Molecular Volume. Ethyl iodide, . 61-5 0-00404 0-0778 19-25 0-341 84-44 Allyl iodide, 82-0 00406 0864 21-28 399 98-19 Propyl iodide, . 83-6 00407 0903 22-18 425 104-43 Isopropyl iodide, 79-9 00390 0878 22-52 : 417 106-90 Isobutyl iodide, 97-6 00404 1010 24-99 505 124-94 Methyl alcohol, 76'5 00290 0358 12-34 126 43-36 Ethyl ether, . - 2-7 00295 0635 21-52 295 99-84 Acetone, .... 17-8 00329 0572 17-39 238 72-50 Methyl-ethyl ketone, 43*7 00330 0671 20-32 302 91-61 Diethyl ketone, 50-5 00343 0785 22-89 , 376 109-49 Methyl-propyl ketone, 56-5 00344 0796 23-13 383 111-27 Acetaldehyde, . -16-8 00316 0448 14-17 169 53-36 Acetic anhydride, 99-8 00378 0838 22-16 394 104-29 Propionic anhydride, 114-0 00379 1036 27-34 542 142-94 Formic acid, 138-7 00373 0456 12-24 160 42-83 Acetic acid, 122-9 00370 0593 16-03 237 64-16 Propionic acid, 116-7 00390 0742 19-02 323 82-94 Butyric acid, . 138-3 00379 0842 22-22 397 104-74 Isobutyric acid, 129-1 00378 0843 22-31 398 105-36 Carbon disulphide, . 6-6 00407 0618 15-19 241 59-21 ; Methyl sulphide, 5-7 00335 0578 17-26 240 71-71 Ethyl sulphide, 45-2 00346 0812 23-47 393 113-68 Thiophen, 75-9 00364 0699 19-20 305 84-10 657 TABLE LXXi (4). Chemical Structure and Viscosity of Liquids, when dn/dt 0-0000987. Specific Specific Substance. tC. i **> Molecular nd* Molecular Area. Volume. Water, .... 46-9 0-00577 0-0398 6-90 0-105 18-14 Bromine, ..... 24-0 00953 1317 13-82 490 51-36 Octane, .... 0-4 00703 2055 29-24 1-113 158-18 Benzol, .... 19-4 00654 1299 19-87 0-579 88-58 Toluol, .... 5-6 00710 1572 22-15 740 104-27 Ethyl-benzol, . 11-4 00744 1820 24-46 900 120-97 Ortho-xylol, 26-6 00737 1806 24-51 895 121-38 Meta-xylol, 6-3 00734 1794 24-43 886 120-73 Para-xylol, 10-2 00733 1796 24-51 890 121-37 Trichlormethane, - 11-0 00799 1445 18-09 615 76-95 Tetrachlormethane, . 37-4 00763 1627 21-32 751 98-43 Ethyl ene chloride, . 27-1 00758 1401 18-49 603 79-52 Ethylidene chloride, . 10-7 00715 1336 18-69 578 80-83 Tetrachlorethylene, . 20-7 00885 1933 21-84 903 102-04 Isobutyl bromide, 5-5 00764 1755 22-97 841 110-10 Dibromethylene, 25-5 00902 1713 18-99 747 82-79 Ethylene bromide, . 68-8 00906 1828 20-18 821 90-64 Propylene bromide, . 65-7 00893 2043 22-88 977 109-44 Isobutylene bromide, 83-3 00875 2270 25-95 1-157 132-19 ! Ethyl iodide, . - 11-6 00822 1494 18-18 0-637 77-49 Allyl iodide, 10-5 00814 1642 20-17 737 90-56 Propyl iodide, . 10-0 00827 1734 20-97 794 96-04 Isopropyl iodide, 6'7 00807 1714 21-24 790 97-89 ' Isobutyl iodide, 26-7 00801 1897 23-69 924 115-29 Methyl alcohol, 13'5 00650 0760 11-70 260 40-03 Ethyl alcohol, . 58-5 00606 0933 15-41 367 60-51 Allyl alcohol, . 63-1 00610 1047 17-17 434 71-17 Propyl alcohol, 86-5 00560 1041 18-59 449 80-18 Isopropyl alcohol, 82-9 00490 0930 18-98 405 82-68 Butyl alcohol, . 95-6 00575 1232 21-42 570 99-12 Isobutyl alcohol, 99-6 00525 1137 21-66 529 100-81 Trimethyl carbinol, . 90-9 00461 1020 22-12 480 104-04 Amyl alcohol (active), 104-7 00555 1334 24-03 654 117-80 Amyl alcohol (inactive), . 105-2 00574 1386 24-15 681 118-67 Dimethyl-ethyl carbinol, . 93-8 00490 1190 24-29 527 119-71 Diethyl ketone, - 13-1 00708 1539 21-74 718 101-38 Methyl-propyl ketone, - 6-9 00699 1535 21-99 721 103-18 Acetic anhydride, 32-7 00760 1595 20-99 731 96-15 Propionic anhydride, 46-6 00762 1976 25-93 1-006 132-04 Formic acid, 71-7 00758 0883 11-65 0-301 39-75 Acetic acid, 50-7 00784 1188 15-15 462 58-96 Propionic acid, . 44-0 00801 1439 17-97 610 76-16 Butyric acid, . 65-7 00796 1671 20-99 766 96-19 Isobutyric acid, 56-5 00792 1665 21-03 764 96-47 Thiophen, 12-5 00727 1328 18-27 568 78-08 658 TABLE LXXj. Time of Flow of Unit Volume of Liquid (Time for unit volume of water at 60 F. = l.) Calculated from Boverton Redwood's results. t F. Refined Rape Oil. Sperm Oil. Neatsfoot Oil. American Mineral Oil. Russian Mineral Oil. Sp. Gr. Sp. Gr. 0-885. 0-913. Sp. Gr. 0-923. Sp. Gr. 0-884. Sp. Gr. 0-909. Sp. Gr. 0-915. 50 27-94 24-31 5-69 16-67 40-39 80-00 98-82 60 21-18 6-94 18-43 4-12 11-59 26-67 48-43 77-65 70 15-88 5-36 14-35 3-53 1 8-82 19-02 32-16 51-76 80 12-78 4-43 10-98 2-86 ' 6-71 14-70 22-75 35-29 90 10-20 3-76 8-60 2-49 5-33 10-27 16-71 25-10 100 8-37 3-16 6-85 2-12 4-35 7-84 39-80 12-35 17-25 110 6-63 2-76 5-78 1-96 3-51 6-00 29-00 8-86 13-14 120 5-76 2-37 4-94 1-84 3-06 4-94 20-82 6-82 9-61 130 4-84 2-24 4-39 1-75 2-49 3-96 15-63 5-31 7-25 140 4-14 1-99 3-47 1-61 2-27 3-22 12-19 4-55 5-69 150 3-74 1-92 2-96 1-47 2-00 2-76 9-80 3-73 4-51 160 3-33 1-86 2-75 1-80 2-49 7-84 3-27 3-67 170 2-98 1-80 2-43 2-27 6-31 2-76 3-04 180 2-71 1-75 2-22 i 2-06 5-27 2-41 2-65 190 2-53 1-69 2-08 1-84 4-53 2 '2 2 2-39 200 2-29 1-65 1-98 1-65 3-89 1-90 2-12 210 2-12 1-60 1-90 1-57 3-33 220 1-96 1-53 1-84 1-49 3-02 230 1-85 1-44 1-80 2-76 240 1-78 1-40 1-75 2-53 250 1-70 1-36 1-73 2-32 260 1-32 1-71 2-12 270 1-28 1-69 1-90 280 1-25 1-63 1-82 290 1-21 1-61 1-74 300 1-18 1-49 1-66 310 1-37 320 1-32 659 TABLE LXXK. Effusion and Diffusion of Gases. If A = area of a small aperture in envelope enclosing a mass of gas which, as a whole, is at rest ; n average number of molecules in unit volume ; O = mean molecular speed ; then, number of molecules which in unit of time get to the orifice = JwAQ, and, if the envelope be thin, it is evident that the number of molecules passing through the orifice will be either equal to or directly proportional to the number that reach it ; that is, directly proportional to O. When any two gases are exerting the same pressure we must have and if p a = density of air, and s x and s 2 be the specific gravities of the gases referred to air thus becomes and s 1 O 1 so Q! : O 2 = That is the molecular speed, and consequently the number of molecules passing through a small orifice in a thin envelope every unit of time, varies inversely as the square root of the specific gravity : and the times of efflux of equal volumes will therefore vary directly as the square roots of the specific gravities of the gases. Taking air as the standard, Graham obtained the following comparative results Time of Efflux of Unit Volume through Poa Square Root of Specific Gravity. Drawn-out Glass Tube. Perforated Brass Plate. Air, .... 1- 1- 1- Hydrogen, . . . 0'263 0-277:0-2637 0-276 ! Marsh gas, . . . 0745 0-756 : 0-753 i Carbon monoxide, . 0'984 0-987 Ethylene, . . 0'985 0-987 Nitrogen, . . . 0'986 0-984 0-984: 0-988 Oxygen, . . . j 1'051 1-053:1-0523 1-050:1-056 Nitrous oxide, 1-237 1-199 Carbon dioxide, . 1-237 1-218:1-2483 1-197: 1-209 Putting p for pressure per unit area exerted by a gas of the specific gravity s (air = l) we have and thus from the rate of effusion one may calculate the specific gravity of a gas. Bunsen calculated the following values from the effusion speeds : Air =1- Hydrogen =0*079 Electrolytic water-gas (2H 2 + 2 ) = 0'414 Oxygen =1-118 Carbon dioxide = 1-535 660 Except in the case of hydrogen, these values agree within some 1 per cent, with those obtained by the usual methods. The volumes which diffuse in equal times vary inversely as the square roots of the specific gravities. The following table gives Graham's results, and the values of s and for comparison : Gas. s. 1/V*. Volumes diffused. Air, I- 1- 1- Hydrogen, ...... 0-0694 3-7959 3-83 Marsh gas, . : 555 1-3423 1-344 Ethylene, 0-972 1-0143 1-0191 Carbon monoxide, ..... 0-972 1-0143 1-0149 Nitrogen, ...... 0-972 1-0143 1-0143 Oxygen, 1-111 0-9487 0-9487 Hydrogen sulphide, 1-1805 0-9204 0-95 Nitrous oxide, 1-527 0-8092 0-82 Carbon dioxide, 1-527 0-8092 0-812 Sulphur dioxide, ..... 2-222 0-6709 0-68 When one gas diffuses freely into another not being separated from it by any sort of partition or diaphragm then according to Loschmidt's observations Coefficient of diffusion oc T 2 /P very nearly, where T = absolute temperature and P = total pressure of gases = P l + P 2 , the sum of the partial pressures of both. 0. E. Meyer gives the following : where D = Coefficient of diffusion, n lt w 2 = Number of molecules of first and second gas respectively in 1 cm. 3 n = n l + n 2 . L g 2 = Free paths of the two kinds of molecules in the mixture. ^ and 2 = ly^Tro- 2 J^\ + oj where s i an( ^ S 2 are ^e ra( iii f the spheres of action of the two kinds of molecules. Where we have only one gas, O 1 = O 2 , 5 1 = s 9 , n l = n 2 = n = X~ 3 (\ = mean distance between neighbouring molecules) we have fij = 2 = L and so If we express X in centimetres, then ?iA 3 =l cm 3 ., and, putting m for the absolute mass of an individual molecule, we get nm = p and therefore X 3 /o = m. We can approximate to the value of % by means of the formula, 661 and putting for U the value given on page 564, we get, under a pressure of 760 mms. of ice-cold mercury, L = 3>7/1743-437 N /p-ry/581 -145575 ^/p. Having obtained an approximate value for L and m, we can easily get fair approximations to s, A, and n. Putting T l = number of encounters into which a molecule of first gas enters in unit time, T 2 = second we get where I\ = IF^^ J'2 + v 2 n 2 J&i + OJ, and 2 -f o- 2 This equation (see 0. E. Meyer) can be transformed into ;/( A + B^/ where A stands for Tro- 2 ^O? + Q* , B 1 for TrsfOj J2 , and B 2 for 7rsfO 2 ^/2. When the two diffusing gases are, as is almost universally the case in every instance of free diffusion, at the same temperature and under the same pressure, we get n^ = n 2 , and the last equation becomes and if we assume that encounters between molecules of the same kind have no influence upon the rate of diffusion, this becomes D = where D depends only on the nature of the two gases, the temperature and the aggregate pressure. Waitz gives the following equation : where m x and m. 2 stand for the respective molecular weights of the two gases, and B = (1/4 V2)(l/ JSt^-lf AY^m, + m^/m.m, , fi and m standing for the molecular speed and molecular weight of hydrogen (or any other normal gas). Under normal conditions as to temperature and pressure we get D = (STT For experimentally determining the value of D, it will be most convenient to use the equation where p denotes the partial pressure of a gas diffusing freely into another in a vertical tube, x = vertical height above lowest part of tube, and z denotes time. VOL. II. 2 U 662 TABLE LXXKp Coefficients of Diffusion of Gases into one another. Diffusing Gases. D (cm. 2 /sec.). Authority. Hydrogen into carbon monoxide, . 0-64223 Loschmidt 64883 v. Obermayer dioxide, 54367 5) 53409 (calc.) 53836 33 55585 Loschmidt oxygen, . 72167 33 68100 v. Obermayer 67667 33 66550 (calc.) air, 63405 33 nitrous oxide, 53472 )) ,, sulphur dioxide, 48278 Loschmidt ,, methane, .... 62544 v. Obermayer ethane, ..... 45933 35 ,, ethylene, .... 48275 33 Carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide, . 13142 33 14055 Loschmidt 16000 33 oxygen, 18022 33 18717 v. Obermayer ethylene, . 11639 3) ,, dioxide into oxygen, .... 14095 Loschmidt 161 (calc.) air, 14231 33 13561 v. Obermayer 13433 (calc.) 13602 Waitz ,, nitrous oxide, 09831 Loschmidt 14761 v. Obermayer 09166 (calc.) ,, ,, methane, 14650 35 15856 Loschmidt ethylene, 10062 v. Obermayer Oxygen into nitrogen, . 17100 33 17875 (calc.) air, . 17753 33 17778 (calc.) 663 TABLE LXXK 2 . Diffusion Coefficients of Various Vapours into Air, Hydrogen, and Carbon Dioxide. Molecular / P Value o f D< (cm. 2 /s( ;c.) into V apour of Formula. i \j. Air. Hydrogen. Carbon Dioxide. Authority. Water,. H 2 0-198 0-687 0-132 Winkelmann 49-5 2827 1-0000 1811 >j 92-4 3451 1-1794 2384 j 8 2390 Guglielmo 15 2456 j j 18 2475 1554 Carbon disulphide, CS 2 0883 0-369 0630 Winkelmann 19-9 1015 4255 0726 >j 32-8 1120 4626 0789 ?> 09950 Stefan Benzol, C 6 H 6 0751 294 0527 Winkelmann 19-9 0877 3406 0609 j 45 1011 3993 0715 j j Methyl alcohol, CH 4 1325 5001 0880 5 J 25-6 1620 6015 1046 55 49-6 1809 6738 1234 J ' Ether, .... C 2 H 6 0775 296 0552 )) 10-4 0835 320 0596 ?5 19-9 0893 341 0636 08270 Stefan Ethyl alcohol, C 2 H 6 1016 378 0685 Winkelmann 0994 3806 0693 j5 40-4 1372 503 0898 )> 49-4 1413 5410 0986 if 63-6 1490 5676 1034 >j 66-9 1475 543 1026 j) Propyl alcohol, C 3 H 8 0803 3153 0577 66-9 1237 4832 0901 5) 83-5 1379 5434 0976 n Butyl alcohol (normal), . C 4 H 10 0681 2716 0476 55 99-05 1265 5045 0884 5J Isobutyl alcohol, . C 4 H 10 0688 2771 0483 5 66-9 1058 4239 0741 ) 83-6 1181 4790 0833 5 Amyl alcohol (normal), . C 5 H 12 0589 2351 0422 ) 99-1 1094 4362 0784 I Amyl alcohol (fermenta- tion), C 5 H 12 0585 2340 0419 )J 98-8 1084 4340 0777 )) Hexyl alcohol, C 6 H 14 0499 1998 0351 ) J 99 0927 3712 0651 J) Formic acid, CH 2 2 1315 5131 0879 J) 65-4 2035 7873 1343 JJ 664 TABLE LXXKo. continued. Value o F D< (cm. 2 /se c.) into Molecular / P Vapour of Formula. I \j. /"i ~i Authority. Air. Hydrogen. Carbon Dioxide. Formic acid, CH 2 2 84-9 0-2244 0'8830 0-1519 Winkelmann Acetic acid, C 2 H 4 2 1061 4040 0713 M 1065 4244 0717 65-5 1578 6211 1048 93-4 1993 8011 1356 98-5 1965 7481 1321 Propionic acid, C 3 HA 0818 3261 0576 0847 3333 0595 0862 3297 0591 92-8 1469 5856 1035 98-85 1570 6182 1104 98-85 1600 6116 1097 Methyl acetate, C 3 H 6 2 0840 3277 0557 20-35 1013 3928 0679 46-2 1126 4531 0760 Ethyl formate, C 3 H 6 2 0852 3357 0572 20-4 0997 3868 0653 46-2 1108 4383 0751 Butyric acid (normal), . C 4 H 8 2 0528 2012 0372 0680 2639 0476 98-6 1263 4905 0884 99-2 0981 3740 0691 Isobutyric acid, C 4 H 8 2 0704 2713 0472 98-15 1301 5015 0872 Methyl propionate, C 4 H 8 2 0745 2949 0529 46-2 1026 4036 0721 66-8 1146 4564 0820 Ethyl acetate, C 4 H 8 2 0709 2727 0487 46-1 0970 3729 0666 Propyl formate, C 4 H 8 2 0714 2811 0490 46-1 1010 3946 0688 66-8 1065 4234 0738 Isovaleric acid, C 5 H 10 2 0555 2118 0375 98-05 1031 3934 0696 Methyl hutyrate, . C 5 H 10 2 0641 2422 0439 66-8 0994 3764 0673 92-1 1139 4308 0809 Methyl isobutyrate, C 5 H 10 2 0642 2568 0450 49-4 0898 3640 0630 66-65 0991 3913 0696 Ethyl propionate, . C 6 H 10 2 0631 2373 0450 66-8 0998 3811 0690 90-3 1092 4019 0806 Ethyl butyrate, . C 6 H 12 2 0574 2239 0407 665 TABLE LXXK. Continued. Vapour 01 Molecular Formula. tG. Value of D t (cm. 2 /sec.) into Authority. Air. Hydrogen. Carbon Dioxide. Ethyl butyrate, . C 6 H 12 2 66-65 0-0878 0-3458 0-0620 Winkelmann 96-5 1064 4112 0756 Ethyl isobutyrate, . C 6 H 12 2 0552 2237 0400 j 66-65 0881 3552 0633 j) 96-1 1121 4267 0784 )> Propyl propionate, C.H U S 0554 2121 0396 > > 96-5 1010 3864 0721 Isobutyl acetate, . ^6^12^2 0592 2312 0419 i 66-7 0857 3446 0615 j 97-9 1055 4155 0745 j Ethyl valerate, C 7 H 14 2 0505 2050 0366 5 97-6 0932 3784 0676 J Propyl butyrate, . C 7 H 14 2 0523 2059 0364 ) 97-9 0965 3801 0673 | Propyl isobutyrate, C 7 H 14 2 0539 2120 0388 J 97-1 0991 3897 0714 J Isobutyl propionate, C 7 H 14 2 0539 2120 0388 ? 97-9 0815 3314 0589 J Propyl valerate, . C 8 H 16 2 0466 1891 0341 > 97-6 0859 3490 0629 Isobutyl butyrate, C 8 H 16 O 2 0474 1850 0332 97-9 0876 3415 0612 ?) Isobutyl isobutyrate, C 8 H 16 2 0468 1889 0366 j) 97-6 0863 3488 0619 51 Amyl propionate, . C 8 H 16 2 0466 1891 0341 ')) 97-9 0815 3314 0589 1 Isobutyl valerate, . C 9 H 18 2 0426 1724 0305 > 97-8 0782 3177 0568 J Amyl isobutyrate, . C 9 H 182 0423 1694 0308 J 97-7 0786 3182 0564 5 LXXK 3 . Variation of D with Temperature. Dx where p is given in millimetres of ice-cold mercury. For the so-called permanent gases n approximates to 1*75, and for the more easily liquefiable gases to 2. For a range of temperature from about 18 C. to 62 C., v. Obermayer found the following values for n : Hydrogen 3) Nitrogen Oxygen Air Carbon dioxide into oxygen, ,, carbon dioxide, n= 1-755 7i=l-742 oxygen, n = 1-792 carbon monoxide, n= 1'785 carbon dioxide, n = 1 '968 nitrous oxide, 72 = 2*050 666 0. E. Meyer gives rj t = rj (l + a O-(! + aC)(l + C/T,), where C denotes the cohesion between the molecules of the same gas, and from this he obtains where C 1 denotes the cohesion between the dissimilar molecules. The following are the values of C for some few gases : 'Nitrogen, C= 84 Carbon monoxide, 100 Air, 113 Oxygen, 127 Nitrous oxide, 260 Ethylene, 272 Carbon dioxide, 277 And the following are the values which have been obtained by Sutherland, from v. Obermayer's data, for C 1 : Hydrogen and oxygen, C 1 = 100 Hydrogen and carbon dioxide, 106 Oxygen and carbon monoxide, 124 Oxygen and nitrogen, 136 Air and carbon dioxide, 250 Carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide, 380 LXXL. Molecular Dimensions. Mean Free Path, etc. If, in a gas of uniform density, A = mean distance between neighbouring molecules, or edge of elemental cube containing one molecule, s = radius of sphere of action of molecule, n = number of molecules in unit volume \ ag k e f ore m = molecular weight of the gas J then ?zX 3 = 1, and pX 3 = m. Now, if we consider all the molecules of such a gas to remain at rest, and one molecule to be projected into a mass of it, the length of the path which this molecule would probably traverse without having an encounter with any other molecule would be (1) Should all the molecules be moving with velocities equal in all directions, then 1 = 3X3/4^, ... (2) With unequal distribution of velocities in accordance with Maxwell's law, then the mean free path would be 8! = X 8 MV2, .... (3) or, applying van der Waals's correction fi = (X 3 - |7TS 3 )/ ^TTS 2 , ... (4) 667 In investigating the value of the coefficient of friction in a gas, we arrive at the expression ^ = m U/47rs 2 = pA 3 U/47rs 2 ... (5) and this, in accordance with equation (2), gives us 77 = JpUf, ... (6) an expression exactly analogous to that for the pressure p = JpU 2 . Under a pressure of 760 mms. of mercury at C. this, as already seen, works out to 77 = 581 -145575 Vp.f, ... (7) From equations (3) and (5) we get 77=^11/272, . . (8) And under the same conditions as in (7) 77 = 616-3979667^, . . . (9) Equation (6) is equivalent to 77 = 0-3618006pO$, .... (10) and (8) to 77 = 0-3837475/00^, . . . (11) 0. E. Meyer gives 77 = KWttfiL = /cpOL, .... "'(12) and by means of rather complex formulae, etc., he and Conrau have arrived at the' value K = 0-30967, ..... (13) (See 0. E. Meyer's Kinetic Theory of Gases, English Edition.) The compiler gets a slightly lower value about 0*309588 for /c, but the difference is quite insignificant, so we may accept 77 = 0'30967pnL, .... (14) as a very close approximation to the truth. For normal pressure this works out as 77 = 497-410277 V/^L, . . . (15) L = 0-00201041 '2Sr)/ Jp, . . . (15a) Since j> = irpQ 2 /8, we may write (14) in the following form : r7 = 8^x(0-30967L/7rO), . . . (16) or 77 = 0-78857^L/0, .... (17) From the approximate values of the free paths we get : from (6) and (10), f = 377/pU = 2-7639577/pfi, . . . (18) from (8) and (11), 668 Putting $& H for the molecular weight of gas or vapour when H 2 = 2, and f&o 0^32, we get at C. = 239628'1005/ J~fK E = 240367-3117/ and therefore L = 0'29992r?/ > /lH or very nearly O^/ Since 5, the radius of the sphere of action of a molecule, must be equal to the diameter of the molecular sphere, we get Q=the sum of the diametral sections of all the molecular spheres contained in a unit volume = ?i x ?rs 2 /4, ........ (20) And, taking (3) as sufficiently near the truth for all purposes, we get ?iX 3 = W7rsV2L=l, .... (20a) and consequently Q= 1/4V2L = 0-1767767/L, . . . (21) With equal distribution of speeds, we get, in accordance with (2) Q = 3/1611, .... (21a) Q = 0-58941 ZJffi^j, . . . (216) Putting fc=the space actually occupied by the n molecular spheres in a unit volume of gas = i?i7rs 3 , . . . (22) and in accordance with (20a), s = WV2L = 6& / y2L = 8-485281bL, . . (22) Loschmidt has called b the coefficient of condensation. It denotes, according to our present notions, the smallest space into which it would be possible to compress the quantity of gas in a unit volume. If we compress a gas of density p until it condenses into a liquid of density d, we have then P/d = b, (23) For a large number of substances d and p have been experimentally ascertained ; for all gases and vapours we can make close approximations to p from the following equations : P = ffin* 0-000044932 = Jft x 0-0000446560625, . (24) and the values of s may be calculated directly from the values of L, J&, and d, in accord- ance with the following expressions : s = 0-0003812607L|ft H /6Z = 0'0003789192L|floM The correction made in (4), i.e., 27rs 3 /3 = 4 x 7rs 3 /6 = b/n in Van der Waals's equation, so /> = 4b = 4 W X7rs 3 /6, . . . . (25) and we get approximately s = &Lx(3 N /2/2), . . (26) If the value of b has been determined for a unit pressure, the last equation becomes s = 2?6Lx (3^2/2), .... (26a) In the expression 77 = '309 67pLQ we have two magnitudes, 77 and O, which are independent of the pressure p, and as p practically varies directly as p, we have L 669 If we know the value of L under one pressure, we can calculate the values for all other pressures, and thus (26a) becomes available for the computation of the value of ? under all conditions. This equation (26a) gives only roughly approximate values for 9, and there are good reasons to believe that the multiplier 4 in (25) is considerably too high ; indeed, the investigations of Clausius and Ja'ger point to the value 5/2. So and 9 = (24 N /2/10)6L = 6 ^fcL, . (27) 3^2/ 2 = 2-12132034 24^/2/10 = 3-39411255 Dorn has applied the formula of Clausius to the calculation of ^ d d d d d5 o 1 s ol 1 CO ^ O O O r- 1 i-H 00 CO i 1 S GO t- CO CO i 1 CO CO r 1 as as i-H r 1 M fl d~ 11 ' : o . Q &3 03 O n " o M iO O 00 O OS -* X CO ** O CO "^"* CO CO CO ^ CO CO CM I ~~ IO I-H i-H ^ 0) . 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K1 'S 13^ l^d So o " ^ .-5 10 CO o -co 00 CO 010 oooooooooooooooooo COOOt^OOt-OOiOOOt^OOt-iOO iOOl^iOOt^OO ... II 019 099 Acetone, ... 0-8125 503 09fi Methyl alcohol, . 0-796 284 \J \J 0361 087 Ethyl ...!. 0-794 409 0273 095 Propyl . 0-8205 516 0203 089 Butyl alcohol, ..... 0-8239 633 0164 088 Isobutyl ,, 0-8168 639 0168 OQ1 Ethyl ether, 0-736 709 0197 V/J7 J. 119 Amyl alcohol, ..... 0-8296 748 0139 088 Hexyl 0-8333 863 0111 081 Formic acid, ..... 1-245 260 0403 089 Acetic ,, ..... 1-08005 392 0297 099 Methyl formate, .... 0-9928 426 0312 113 Propionic acid, ..... 0-9961 524 0227 101 Methyl acetate, 0-9562 546 0224 104 Ethyl formate, 0-9447 552 0212 099 Butyric acid, 0-9886 628 0166 088 Methyl propionate, .... 0-9573 648 0191 105 Ethyl acetate, ..... 0-8981 691 0173 101 Iso valeric acid, ..... 0-9467 760 0124 080 682 TABLE IXKv. continued. Substance. d V L s Methyl butyrate, .... 0-9475 0-00759 0-0 4 0153 0-0,099 isobutyrate, .... 0-9056 794 0159 107 Ethyl propionate, .... 0-9139 787 0152 101 Propyl acetate, ..... 0-910 790 0195 131 Isobutyl formate, .... 0-8845 813 0204 141 Ethyl butyrate, . ... 0-8978 911 0137 106 isobutyrate, 0-890 919 0144 112 Propyl propionate, .... 0-9022 907 0130 100 Ethyl valerate, ..... 0-894 1025 0119 104 Propyl butyrate, .... 0-8789 1043 0122 108 Isobutyl butyrate, .... 0-8798 1154 0107 105 From the values given on p. 426 for the quantity b, van der Waals has calculated the values of s for Air, 0-0 7 80 CO 2 , 63 H 2 , 40 As pointed out by Roth, b is not an absolute constant, but varies to a considerable extent with the temperature, and any values calculated from b can be but roughly approximate at best. As first approximations, the following values for v, calculated from the values in Table LXIX., may be of ^interest. The values in column A are calculated on the hypothesis that 6 = 4b = (12 fj2/Tr)\j t and those in column B by taking b = (5/2)b = 683 TABLE LXXN. Values of u calculated from Critical Volume. Values of V. Values of V. Substance. A. B. A. B. Nitrogen, . Oxygen, . Bromine, . Carbon dioxide, . Nitrous oxide, . 0-000284 249 373 407 296 0-000454 399 597 652 474 Methyl-ethyl ether, . Ethyl ether, Acetic acid, Ethyl formate, . Propyl 0-000539 0823 0407 0602 0742 0-000862 1317 0652 0963 1 18 Nitrogen peroxide, Sulphur dioxide, Ethylene, . 255 362 351 408 580 562 Isobutyl Methyl acetate, Ethyl . 1055 0592 0754 1688 0948 1206 Water, Carbon disulphide, 238 592 381 948 Pro pyi Isobutyl 0903 1059 1445 1695 Benzol, Ethyl alcohol, . 605 440 968 704 Methyl propionate, . Ethyl 0755 0914 1208 1463 Propyl Ethylene chloride, 597 606 956 970 Methyl butyrate, Ethyl 0898 1067 1437 1707 Ethylidene 606 970 Ethyl isobutyrate, 1070 1713 Propyl 606 970 Methyl valerate, 1057 1692 Chlorbenzol, 725 1160 It will be seen that these values are much lower than those arrived at by other methods, but they will be found in closer agreement with those calculated from electrical and optical data. TABLE LXXo. Values of b, u, etc., for some difficultly Liquefiable Gases. (From the data supplied by Ramsay, Dewar, and others.) Weight of 1 b-old V =,o~>/6. Boiling Point on Absolute Scale. Density of Liquid at Boiling Point. Litre of Gas at Boiling Point under 760 mms. Space occupied by all the Mol. Spheres in 1 c.cm. d. Pressure. 1000 S. At Boiling Point under 760 inms. of the Gas at 0C. under 760 mms. Pressure. Hydrogen, . 20 0-06 1-2266 0-02044 001414 0-001036 Nitrogen, 77 -54 0-791 4-4073 00557 00413 1172 Oxygen, 90 -5 1-131 4-3047 389 285 0945 Fluorine, 186 1-11 2-4863 224 166 1130 Chlorine, 239 1-507 3-6111 240 177 1553 Argon, 86 -9 1-212 5-6462 466 345 1098 Krypton, 121 -33 2-155 8-2902 385 285 1266 Xenon, 163 -9 3-52 9-5802 272 201 1210 Methane, 108 -3 0-416 1-8020 433 321 0658 Ethylene, . 169-5 0-571 2-0133 353 261 1102 684 The numbers in the third column have been calculated from the molecular weights, and the values of b and v at the various boiling points may therefore be considered as the lowest limits of possible values. The exceedingly high values obtained by O. E. Meyer and others for s and other constants of hydrogen are evidently erroneous ; b and v at boiling point would naturally be large, but so also would ?i, and from the physical properties of hydrogen we should expect s to be comparatively small. TABLE LXXr. Molecular Volumes, etc., of Liquids. As far back as 1842, Kopp pointed out the dependence of the "Molecular Volume" on the chemical constitution, and since that time a great deal of work has been done, having for its object the determination of the laws which connect the molecular volumes of liquids with their chemical constitution. The comparing of the values for different liquids has been facilitated by calculating the molecular volumes at such temperatures as would give corresponding values for some important physical constant of all the liquids concerned, e.g., by taking d density of the liquid at its boiling point under atmospheric pressure, we get the values of ffi/d for all liquids when they have the same vapour pressure. Possibly more accordant results would be obtained if we could find d when the viscosity was the same for all the substances concerned. Taking the weight of one atom of hydrogen as our unit for JH, then the space occupied at 4 C. by this weight of water will be the unit in the values of the molecular volumes ; or if Jtt be considered as the " Mol " or gramme molecule, then the molecular volumes will be expressed in centimetre cubes. The liquids experimented with have been mostly organic compounds, as the paucity of the elements entering into the formation of these has greatly facilitated comparisons. From the results obtained by Kopp and subsequent investigators, Lothar Meyer concluded that " The atomic volumes of elements (at least several of them) in their liquid combinations are proportional to the spaces occupied by their atoms in the gaseous state." H. Kopp found that the addition of the group CH 2 to an organic compound corresponded to an increment of 22 in the molecular volume ; thus A Formic acid, . CH 2 2 = 41 '8 Acetic acid, . C 2 H 4 2 = 63'5 21'7 ) Propionic acid, C 3 H 6 2 = 85'4 21 '9 > mean 22. Butyric acid, . C 4 H 8 O 2 =107'S 22'4 ) Also that the atomic volume of carbon is double that of hydrogen ; for Octane, . . C 8 H 18 =1S4'6 Cymol, . . C 10 H 14 ^ 184-6 and therefore C 2 =H 4 , and in this way he inferred that C=ll, andH=5'5. 685 in liquidsat Kopp. Loschmidt. Lossen. Thorpe. Hydrogen, . MS 3.K K.AK K OOK Carbon, t/ V O o Uo ; 5'225 l f\'i . i r\* A K. Nitrogen (in ammonias), 2-3 1U 1 ; 10 45 7 (in ON group), 17 13 (in nitro-derivatives), Oxygen (hydroxylic), . 8-6 7-8 11 10-1 ; 10-45 (carboxylic), . Fluorine, . . . 12-2 (0 2 )21 9-2 Silicon, ..... 32 7 30 Phosphorus (Triad), 25-4 25-9 25-3 (Pentad), . 19-3 Sulphur (C - S), .... 22-6 23-5 22-6 )) (C = S), 28-6 26 28-6 Chlorine, ..... 22-8 21-8 22-8 22-7 Titanium, ..... 35 33-7 Vanadium, ..... 30'4 Chromium, . 24'5 Zinc, . 40-3 Arsenic, ..... 26 26-3 Bromine (BrA (Br), . . . 27-8 29i 28-1 Tin, 40 Antimony, ..... 33 28-6 Iodine,. ..... 37-5 39-6 36 CN, 28 28 30 N0 , 33 32-6 32 CH 2 , 22 20-9 Thus for a compound of the formula C x lLyO z O w , where denotes hydroxylic oxygen or oxygen joined by one bond only to one carbon atom, and denotes carboxylic oxygen, i.e., oxygen doubly linked to one carbon atom, we get, according to Kopp Lessen has employed formulae, etc., that differ considerably from those of Kopp ; thus for the acids and esters C n H 2n 2 he finds that C 2 H 4 2 =62-7, and employs, for the general calculation of molecular volumes, the equation Molecular volume of C n H 2n 2 = 62-7 + (n- 2)20-9 + \(n - 2) 2 . 686 He modifies this expression in several ways so as to make it applicable to different classes of compounds ; thus for saturated compounds : Molecular volume of C n H m O p 2 '225m + 10'45p + \(n - 2) = 10-16(71 +p) + 5'08m + 0-23w 2 . For unsaturated compounds : Molecular volume of C n lS. m O p (fj) = 10-45( + p) + 5'225m + \(n - 2) 2 + 1 '5/x, where /A represents the number of hydrogen atoms required to convert the formula into that of a saturated compound. For alcohols this formula is best written as follows : Molecular volume of CJE m OL(/x) = 10-1(7* +^) + 5-05m + i(7i -2) 2 -hl-35/z. A still more general form of the expression is Molecular volume of C n H m O^(/x) = (10-24 0'5a)(w +p) + (5'12 0'25z)m + \(n - 2) 2 + l'4/>t, where x is a number varying between and 1 for various homologous series, but remaining constant for members of the same series. Traube considers that the so-called " Atomic Volumes " are made up of two distinct portions (a) the space actually filled by the material nucleus or atom, and (b) the space in which this nucleus performs its oscillatory or other intramolecular movements ; a probably remains constant under all conditions, but we should expect b to vary considerably with the nature and intensity of atomic movements. This investigator has found that the sum a + b does vary considerably for various elements, e.g., for N in several primary amines a + & = l'5, but in tri-isobutyl amine a + b for N=13. The molecular volume ffi/d he considers to be made up of the sum of the atomic volumes and a magnitude which he terms the " Co- volume," varying with the temperature. Co-volume (of liquid or solid) at t C. = 24'5(1 +af) where a = coefficient of expansion for gases. At 15 C. the value becomes 25'9 practically. Traube has given us the following values for the sum of a + b at or near 15 C. : H= 3-1. C= 9-9. N= 1'5 in primary amines. N=10'7 Pentavalent. N= 8'5 to 10 '7 in nitro-derivatives. N=13 (about) in some tertiary amines. 0= 5'5 Doubly linked to carbon, either one or two C atoms. O= 2'3 Extra-radicle. 0= 0-4 mOHinO = C-0-H, etc. P=17'0 Trivalent. P=28-5 Pentavalent. 8=15*5 Sulpho-hydryl, sulpho-carbonyl. S=10 to 11'5 united to oxygen. 01=13-2. Br=17-7. 1=21-4. CH 2 =16-1 ; 15-97 @ ; 17'13 @ 100. CN=13-2. 687 Traube's formula for the molecular volume at 15 C., is fH/d l5 = Sum of atomic volumes + 2 5 '9. On liquefaction we know that many substances undergo polymerisation, and if we deduce ffi from vapour density, etc., we have to remember that M = molecular weight of liquid = nf&, and M/ri 15 = [n x sum of atomic volumes in vapour mol. } + 25'9, or fH/d lb = 2 (atomic volumes) + 25'9/tt. From this we can determine the "Association Factor" n, i.e., the mean number of gaseous particles that combine to form one liquid particle. Traube's values for n are : For Acetic acid, 1*40 Ethyl alcohol, 1-51 Methyl alcohol, 1'66 Formic acid, 1*67 Glycerine, 1'75 Glycol, 2-00 Water, above 3 688 TABLE LXXp. Comparison of Molecular Volumes in the Name. Formula. Boiling Point. Density at 0. Density at Boiling Point. Water H 2 100 C. 0-95865 100-3 (768-1 0-9588 Bromine, Br 2 59 "27 3-18828 2-98218 Carbon disulphide, cs 2 2 47 46 '04 1-29215 1-22242 46 43 1-2176 Nitric peroxide, N 2 4 21 -6 1-4903 1-43958 Sulphur dioxide, . S0 2 -8 ,, trioxide, . so. 47 ,, chloride, . S 2 ci 2 138 -1 1-70941 1-49201 Thionyl chloride, . SOC1 2 78 -8 1-67673 1-52143 Chlorosulphonic acid, . Sulphuryl chloride, Pyrosulphuryl chloride, . Phosphorus trichloride, . S0 3 HCl S0 2 C1 2 SAC. 155 -3 70 139 -6 78 1-78474 1-70814 1-85846 1-54874 T56025 1-60610 76 1-61275 1-46845 76 ,, tribromide, ,, oxychloride, . PBr 3 POClg 172 -9 107 -23 2-92311 1-71163 2-49541 1-50967 110 ,, sulphochloride, PSC1 3 125 -12 1-66820 1-45599 Phosphorylbromo- chloride, . Arsenic trichloride, POCl 2 Br AsCl 3 137 -6 133 -5 212065 1-83844 130 -21 2-20500 1-91813 ,, trifluoride, AsF 3 60 -4 2-6659 2'4497 Antimony trichloride, . SbCl 3 223 ,, tribromide, . Vanadyl chloride, . Chromvl ,, SlBr 3 VOC1 3 CrO,Cl 2 275 127 -2 115 "9 1-86534 1 '96101 1-63073 1 '75780 Silicon tetrachloride, . Si01 4 59 57 '6 1-52408 1-40294 ,, tetrabromide, SiBr 4 153 Titanium tetrachloride, TiCl 4 136 136 '4 176041 1 -52223 Tin tetrachloride, . SnCl 4 115 113 -9 2-27875 1-97813 Valerylene, . CH 3 .C:C:CH 2 .CH 3 41 Amylene, C 5 H 10 33 36 -6 0-6357 Secondary peutane, (CH 3 ) 2 CH.CH 2 CH 3 31 6132 Diallyl, CeHj0 59 -1 59 -3 07074 6508 59 -3 6503 Normal hexane, . CH 3 . CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 68 -7 6143 69 6753 6129 Di-isopropyl, (CH 3 ) 2 CH.CH(CH 3 ) 2 58 6829 6286 Beptane, CyHjg 91 6060 98 -43 70048 61389 Ethyl-amyl (iso), . Caprylene, . CH 3 (CH 2 ) 3 CH(CH 3 ) 2 90 -3 123 -5 69692 61606 6306 > 689 Liquid and Gaseous States at Normal Boiling Points. V< = V multiplied by Molecular Volume at Boiling Point. bat Boiling Point. V at Boiling Point. Liquid. Gaseous. 18-8 29865-6 0'0 2 0629 0'0 2 0466 K 1 + '0 2 106218+ -0 5 187714< 2 - '0 8 3085 3 18-73 53-48 29865-6 0627 0464 S mi 1 4- -0 2 11398i!4- -0 5 13707 2 + -0 7 19123 3 1 + -0 2 115056^ + -0 5 111 62H 2 + -0 7 1 7476^ 3 1 + -0211506)5 4- -0 5 111621Z 2 + -0 7 17475* 3 62-2 62-11 62 25621-9 25541-8 25541-8 2428 2432 2427 1797 1801 1797 In P Th B 1 + -0 2 1591--0 5 397015* 2 +'0 6 2153 3 Vo 6 instead of V 62-3 63-95 25301 -6 23588-1 2462 2711 1823 2008 K Th 1 + -Ool49638(< + 26) + '0 4 223375( + 26) 2 - -0 6 495759(* 4- 26) 3 43-9 21218-0 2069 1532 P 44-1 25621 -9 1721 1274 1 + -0 3 9591i! - -0 7 3819 2 4- -0 8 73186 3 l + -0 2 116149(!+-0 6 91418i 2 +-0 8 95368^ 90-28 94-37 32916-3 2743 2031 Th Tli 1 + 3 9050f> 4- -0 6 1 1 8647^ + -0 8 23943 :1 75-05 34293-5 2188 1620 1 11 Th 1 + '0 2 1230654- - 6 75375 2 4- '0 7 14587 3 1 + '0 3 96830+ -0 6 867098< a + '0 7 18623/ :5 86-29 133-55 27463-5 33036-4 3142 2299 4043 2993 Tli Th 1 4- "0 2 11 28619^4- -0 6 87288C 2 + '0 7 17924/' 3 93-9 28104-1 3341 2474 p 1 + '0 2 115924- 5 116372 2 + '0 8 8629 3 1 + -0 2 1 13937*4- -U 8 1 66807^ + '0 8 4012< 3 93-34 93-4 27943-9 27943-9 3340 2473 3342 2475 Th B 1 + *0 3 84117+ "00542892^4- "0 8 1889:3 3 108-28 35702-7 3033 2246 Th 1 4- '0010643K+ -0 5 11266* 2 4- 'Qg5299f > 101-37 30444-5 3330 2466 Th 101-8 30666-3 3323 2461 B 1 + -0 2 100S49*4- -0 6 65582* 2 4- -0 8 47455* 3 116-11 31877-0 3642 2697 Th 1 4- '0 2 100518-t- '0 6 490530< 2 + 8 4406"< 3 107-38 32876-2 3266 2419 Th 1 + -0 3 979073<+ -0 6 9669482^+ Q a l777'2t" 94-8 32547-9 2913 2157 P 1 + '0 3 99134-i- 'O fi 84914^ 2 + '0 8 27551^ :J 94-27 322837 2920 2163 Th 1 + *0 2 1 443^4- "0 6 297 2 53-84 26694-8 2017 1493 Th V 73 instead of V 1 + '0 4 8054(^ - 73) + - 5 1033(^ - 73) 2 1007 39714-2 2536 1898 P V qo instead of V 'l + -0 3 576(^ - 90) + -0 5 13465(< - 90) 2 116-8 43877-8 2662 1971 P 1 _j_ '0.5965236^+ "0 6 89826< 2 + *0 8 319163i 3 106-25 32043-5 3316 2455 Th 1 4- *0 3 95860< 4- "Ogl 0737^ 2 4- '0 8 1962^ 3 88-21 31138-7 28:33 2098 Th 14--0 2 1294119<4--0 5 2184144^4--0 7 408G42^ 122'1 36582-7 4593 3401 P 1 4- -0 2 1330954- -0 5 280978< 2 + '0 8 21566< 3 120*81 26470-6 4564 3380 Th 1 4- '0 3 95257^4- '0 6 75674^' 2 4- '0 9 2921/ 3 144-3 34109-3 42 U 3133 P 1 4- '0 3 942569/!4- -0 5 1345794< 2 4- '0 9 888< 3 126 32748-1 3847 2849 P 1 4- -0 3 982612^4- -0 6 505528<' 2 4- '0 8 51305L7 3 124-47 32780-1 3797 2811 Th 1 4- -0 2 113280^4- -0 6 91171i! 2 4- '0 8 75798/! :! 131-4 31066-6 4230 3132 P 1 + -0 2 116055<4- -0 6 64617^4- '0 8 7727^ 131-07 30978-6 4231 3133 Th 104 25141-5 4137 3063 B 112 24500-9 4571 3305 B 109-95 24789-2 4435 3284 S 117-17 24310-8 4814 3565 S 126-5 265907 4757 3522 B 1 4- '0 2 13423^ - (5 34339 2 4- *0 7 33693^ 125-7 26606-7 4724 3498 Z 125-82 266067 4729 3502 S 139-72 27359-4 5107 3782 8 1 4- '0 2 12948<4- 5 14741 2 + -0 7 12363i :i 139-8 27383-4 5105 3780 Z 1 -I- *0|al8147^4 > '0 5 15210f"+ '0 7 25591^ 3 136-3 265027 5143 3808 Z 165 29145-0 5661 4192 Sr l4--0 2 121023<4-'0 5 11133^+-0 7 ll74/! :{ 162-56 29761-5 5462 4045 Th 1 4- *0. 12394^4- 'Orll9318^' 2 4- '07l306< 3 161-98 29088-9 5568 4123 Th 177-22 31747-2 5582 4133 B 690 TABLE LXXp. Name. Formula. Boiling Point. Density at 0. Density at Boiling Point. Di-isobutyl, . (CH 3 ) 2 CH.CH 2 .CH 2 CH(CH 3 ) 2 108 108 C. 0-6167 108 '5 071110 61549 Diamylene, . ^10"20 156 -3 6615 Di-isoamyl, . Benzol, .... (CH 3 ) 2 .CH.(CH 2 ) 4 CH : (CH 3 ) 2 C 6 H 6 159 '6 80 6126 80 -1 8111 Toluol, .... f*\ TT G 7 Jti 8 109 -2 7780 Hexahydrotoluol, . ^7^14 ; CH 3 .C 6 H n 97 7741 6896 Phenyl acetylene, . Styrol, .... C 8 He > C 6 H 5 .C : CH CgHg : C 6 H 5 . CH : CH 2 141 -6 144 94658 80832 7926 146 '2 9251 7914 Ortho xylol, . C 8 H 10 ; C 6 H 4 (CH 3 ) 2 (1 : 2) 141 -4 7559 141 -9 8932 7684 Meta . C 8 H 10 ; C 6 H 4 (CH 3 ) 2 (1 : 3) 139 '2 7571 138 -9 8812 7567 Para ,, . C 8 H 10 ; C 6 H 4 (CH 3 ) 2 (1 : 4) 138 8801 7558 138 -1 7543 Ethyl benzol, C 8 H ]0 ; C 6 H 5 C 2 H 5 135 -9 8837 76115 136 '5 88316 7612 Hexahydro-iso-xylol, Propyl benzol, Ethyl toluol, Mesitylene, . Naphthalene, CH ]6 ; (CH 3 ) 2 C 6 H 10 C 9 H 12 ; CgH 5 CH 2 CH 2 CFI 3 CgHj, ; CH 3 C 6 H 4 C 2 H 5 C 9 H 12 ; C 6 H 3 (CH 3 ) 3 C] H 8 118 158 -5 162 -1 164 -5 218 7814 6781 7399 7394 7372 217 'I 8674 Cymol, .... CIO^H ; CH 3 .C 6 H 4 .CH(CH 3 ) 2 175 175 -5 7248 Hexahydro-naphthalene, C 10 H 14 200 9419 7809 Turpentine, . CioH 16 156 -1 7422 Carvene, CioH-ie 176 -5 7127 Citronterpene, Ci H 16 168 Methyl alcohol, CH 4 ; CH 3 OH 59 64 -8 7477 66 '2 8111 7483 Acetaldehyde, C 2 H 4 ; CH 3 COH 21 Ethyl alcohol, C 2 H 6 ; C 2 H 5 OH 78 78 '2 7405 Allyl . . C 3 H 6 ; C 3 H 5 OH 96 -5 96 -6 86990 77998 96 -5 7809 96 -5 8724 7830 Acetone, C 3 H 6 ; CO(CH 3 ) 2 56 56 -5 81858 75369 56 '3 8125 7489 56 -0 7506 Propyralcohol, C 3 H 8 ; CH 3 .CH 2 .CH 2 .OH 97 'I 7367 97 '4 8177 7369 Isopropyl alcohol, . C 3 H 8 ; (CH 3 ) 2 CH.OH 81 -3 7414 82 -9 7996 7231 Methyl ethyl ether, Butyl alcohol, C 3 H 8 ; CH,.O.C 2 H 5 C 4 H 10 ; CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH 10 -8 116 '8 7252 7127 7270 691 continued. Molecular Volun V' = V multiplied by at Boiling Point bat Boiling Vat Boiling Point. Point. Liquid Gaseous 1 + -0 2 1 197012+ '0 6 621222 2 + -0 7 141662 3 184-5 184-49 184-83 30506-2 30506-2 30546-2 0'0 2 6048 6048 6051 0'0 2 4478 "4478 4481 K 8 Th 211-25 34373-5 6146 4551 s 1 + -0. 2 1 176262 + -0 5 1277552 2 + -0 8 806482 3 231-31 95-94 34637-8 28264-2 6678 3394 4945 2513 S K 95-94 28272-2 3393 2512 s 1 + -0 2 10282 + '0 5 17792 117-97 30602-2 3855 2854 S 1 + 0'0 3 972752 + 5 10587i! 2 + 7> 8 3l4912 :i 1 + 0-0 3 95069/!+ -0 5 115802 2 +-0 8 167042 :{ 141'8 125-8 130-91 39625-4 33196-5 33388-7 4786 3/90 3921 3544 2806 2903 7, W s 131-11 33564-8 W 1 + -0 3 917342 + -0 5 132452 2 + '0 8 195862 3 139-91 137-6 33180-5 33220-5 3906 4142 2892 3067 '' 1 + -0 3 948662 + -0 6 974632 2 + -0 8 519332 3 1 + '0 3 970132 + -0 6 87142 2 + -0 8 52872 3 139-68 13975 139-9 33004-3 32980-3 4232 4237 3134 3137 s Pt s 138-94 32740-1 4244 3143 s 13874 32788-2 4231 3133 W 1 + 0"0 3 861722 + 0'0 5 "253442 2 0'0 8 183192 3 140-2 32908-3 4260 3154 Pt 1 + '0 2 106722 + -0 5 100612 2 + -0 8 752682 3 164-8 31306-9 5264 3898 z 161-82 345497 4684 3468 s 161-94 34837-9 4648 3442 s 162-41 35030-1 4636 3433 s 149-2 39313-9 3795 2810 1 +0- 3 889622- '0 6 568432 2 + '0 8 427222 3 147-2 39241-8 3751 2778 z 35870-9 K 184-6 35910-9 5141 3807 s 1 + -0 3 826592+ -0 6 722702 2 + -0 8 149352 3 171-2 37872-6 4520 3347 z 182-24 34357-5 5304 3928 s 190-30 35991-0 5287 3915 s 186-3 35310-4 5276 3907 s 1 + -0 2 1 13422+ -0 5 136352 2 + -0 8 87412 :i 42-2 26582-7 1587 1175 E 42-71 27047-1 1542 1142 S 42-6 27159-2 1565 1159 z 56-9 23540-1 2417 1790 K 1 + -0 2 1041392 + '0 6 78362 2 + '0 7 l76182 :i 62-2 28104-1 2213 1639 K 62-18 28120-1 2211 1637 S 61-57 P 74-4 29585-4 2515 1862 B 1 + -0 3 993712 + 6 599862 2 + '0 7 122852 3 74-2 29593-4 2507 1856 Th 74-10 29585-4 2505 1855 S 1 ^_ - 3 96772 + '0 5 204252 + '0 8 193642 3 73-9 29585-4 2498 1850 Z 77-3 26342-5 2931 2170 K 1 + -0 2 1352932+ -0 5 3024262 - -0 9 2902 :{ 76-78 26382-5 2910 2155 Th 1 + -0 2 132402+ -0 5 380902 - -0 8 879832 ;! 77-2 26366-5 2928 2168 Z 77-08 26342-5 2926 2167 S 81-28 29633-4 2743 2031 S 81-34 P 1 -j- - 0774302 + '0-496892 2 "0 7 140692 3 81-1 29657-4 2735 2025 z 81-69 28368-3 2880 2133 s 1 + -0 2 103262+ 6 588102 2 + '0-292362 3 82-5 28496-4 2895 2144 z 84-0 22723-4 3697 2738 D 101-58 31210-8 3255 2410 8 (XI 1 692 TABLE LXXp. Name. Formula. Boiling Point. Density at 0. Density at Boiling Point. 117 C. 0-8233 07247 Isobutyl alcohol, . Ethyl ether, . C 4 H 10 0; (CH 3 ) 2 CH.CH 2 OH C 4 H 10 ; (C 2 H 5 ) 2 106 -7 34 7265 34 6950 34 -9 7351 6951 Methyl propyl ether, Valeraldehyde, . C 4 H 10 0; CH 3 .O.C 3 H 7 C 5 H 10 38 -9 101 70415 n- Amy 1 alcohol, Iso-amyl ,, C 5 H 12 0; CH V CH<,.CH 2 .CH 2 .CH 2 OH C 5 H 12 ; (CH S ) 2 CHCH 2 CH 2 OH 137 '9 135 8282 7117 131 7154 Dimethyl ethyl carbinol, C 5 H 12 0; (CH 3 ) 2 .C(OH).C 2 H 5 101 -6 7241 Methyl butyl ether, Ethyl propyl Phenol, C 5 H 12 ; CH,.O.C 4 H q G 5 H 12 ; C 2 H 5 .O.C 3 H 7 C 6 H 8 ; C 6 H 5 .OH 70 -3 63 -6 194 7635 7545 1-0890 6901 6871 182 -9 1-0906 9217 Pinacoline, . C 6 H 12 ; CH 3 .CO.C(CH 3 ) 3 105 Allyl ether, . C 6 H 10 ; 'C 3 H 5 ) 2 94 '3 0-8223 7217 n-Hexyl alcohol, . Ethyl butyl ether, Methyl isoamyl ether, . C 6 H 14 ; C 6 H 13 .OH C 6 H 14 ; C 2 H 5 .O.C 4 H 9 C 6 H 14 ; CH 3 .O.C 5 H 11 (iso) 156 -6 91 -4 91 8327 7680 69f>8 6875 Propyl ether, Isopropyl ether, Benzaldehyde, Benzyl alcohol, o-Cresol, C 6 H 14 U ; CH 3 CH 2 .O.CH 2 CH 3 C 6 H 14 ; (CH 3 ) 2 CH.O.CH(CH 3 )o C 7 H 6 ; C 6 H 5 COH C 7 H 8 0; C 6 H 5 .CH 2 .OH C 7 H 8 0; OH.C 6 H 4 .CH 3 (1:2) 90 7 68 -5 179 213 190 -8 7633 7435 1-0578 6743 6715 8867 m- ,, ... C 7 H 8 0; OH.C 6 H 4 .CH 3 .(1:3) 202 -8 1-0498 8744 P- ... C 7 H 8 : OH.C 6 H 4 .CH 3 (1 : 4) 201 -8 1-0522 8728 Anisol, .... G 7 H 8 ; CH 3 .O.C 6 H 5 155 8608 154 -3 1-0110 8604 155 8607 w-Heptyl alcohol, . Propyl butyl ether, C 7 H 16 ; C 7 H 15 OH C 7 H 16 ; C 3 H 7 .O.C 4 H 9 175 -8 117 -1 0-8342 6876 6638 Phenetol, C 8 H 10 0; C 2 H 5 .O.C 6 H 5 172 8196 170 -3 9822 8169 o-Tolyl methyl ether, . C 8 H 10 0; CH 3 .O.C 6 H 4 .CH 3 (1:2) 171 -3 9957 8331 C. ? H 10 ; CH 3 .O.C 6 H 4 .CH 3 (1 : 3) 177 "2 9891 8225 C 8 H 10 0; CH 3 .O.C 6 H 4 .CH 3 (1 : 4) 175 -0 9868 8241 175 -5 Methyl hexyl ketone, . C 8 H 16 ; CHg.CO.CeH,,, 178 -5 6844 Ti-Octyl alcohol, C 8 H 18 ; CH 3 (CH 2 ) 7 .OH 195 -5 8375 6807 Capryl ,, C 8 H 18 0; ? 197 6782 Methyl heptyl ether, C 8 H 18 ; CH 3 .O.C 7 H 15 149 -8 7953 6667 Dibutyl ether, C 8 H 18 ; (C 4 H 9 ) 2 140 -9 7865 6575 Phenyl propyl ether, C 9 H 12 ; C 6 H 5 .O.C 3 H 7 190 -5 9639 7889 o-Tolyl ethyl ether, C 9 H 12 ; C H 5 .O.C 6 H 4 .CH,(1 : 2) 184 -8 9679 7941 w- C 9 H 12 ; C H 5 .O.C 6 H 4 CH;(1 : 3) 192 -0 9650 7888 P- )> I* Methyl octyl ether, C 9 H 12 0; CH 5 .O.C 6 H 4 CH 3 (1:4) C 9 H 20 ; CH 3 .O.C 8 H 17 189 -9 175 9662 8014 7884 65386 Ethyl heptyl ,, Thymol, C 9 H 20 ; C 2 H 5 .O.C 7 H 15 C 10 H 14 0; (CH 3 ) 2 OH.C 6 H 3 (CH 3 ).OH 166 '6 231 -8 7949 9941 65065 7923 Carvol, .... CTT (~\ . P TT P/ ' \f 1 HPTT I0.tii 4 \j , O 3 xl 7 ^<^ pfl . PO /^"-^^-s 227 -0 7132 Phenyl butyl ether, C 10 H 14 ; C 6 H 5 .O.C 4 H 9 210 -3 9500 7664 693 continued. V t =V multiplied by Molecular Volume at Boiling Point. ft at Boiling Point. Vat Boiling Point. Liquid. Gaseous. 1 + -0 3 837512 + -0 5 28634^ - 8 12415< 3 1 + -0 2 113958+-0 6 51314 2 --0 10 3104* 3 101-9 101-63 31226-8 30402-1 0-0 2 3263 3343 0-0.,2416 2475 Z S 1 + -0 2 148026 + -0 5 350316 2 + -0 7 210065 3 106-1 24581*0 4320 3199 E 106-2 24581-0 4321 3200 S 106-1 D 1 + -0 2 144062 + -0 6 992862 2 + -0 7 58817 3 105-1 24973-3 4208 3116 D 119-9 29945-7 4004 2964 E 1 + -0 3 91919 - -0 6 46143i5 2 + -0 7 17533^ 3 123-4 32900-2 3769 2791 Z 124-4 32668-1 3808 2820 E 122-7 P 12274 32347-8 3794 2809 S 121-26 29993-7 4043 2994 S 1 + -0 2 12112 + -0 5 4179U 2 + -0 8 19136 3 127-2 27487-5 4628 3427 D 1 + -0 2 13116 + -0 5 26762 2 + '0 7 15167 3 127-8 26951-1 4742 3511 D 103-6 37392-2 2771 2052 E 1 + *0 3 8340 + '0 6 10732Z 2 + '0 8 4446 3 101-8 36503-4 2789 2065 Pt 138-3 30265-9 4570 3384 S 1 + -0 2 12519 + '0 5 2-2401 2 + '0 8 35775 3 135-5 29409-2 4607 3411 Z 1 + -0 3 85539 + -0 5 12976 2 + -0 8 713l4 3 146-3 34397-6 4253 3149 Z 1 + -0 2 11062 + -0 5 57335J 2 - -0 7 22011* 3 150-1 29177-0 5144 3809 D 148-1 29145-0 5081 3762 8 1 + -0 2 12132 + -0 5 39318* 2 - *0 7 13644 3 150-9 1 + -0*12872* + -0' 5 42923i 2 - '0 8 58573* 3 151-2 26343-4 5740 4250 Z 1 + -0 3 9402* + -0 6 82045 2 + '0 8 8060* 3 118-4 1237 36191-1 38913-5 3272 3179 2423 2354 E E 1 + -0 3 71072+ -0 5 11464* 2 + -0 8 2242* 3 1 + -0 3 77526* + -0 6 27102* 2 + '0 8 3868^ 3 121-5 123-2 37136-0 38096-8 3272 3234 2423 2395 Pt Pt 1 + -0 3 864762 - *0 6 53912^ 2 + -0 8 35997< 3 123-5 380167 3249 2406 Pt 125-18 34269-4 3653 2705 S 1 + -0 3 80737i!+ -0 5 25718^ 2 - '0 8 2946U 3 125-2 125-2 34213-4 34269-4 3659 3656 2709 2707 Pt S 1 + '0 3 82994+ "0 6 24690^ 2 + *0 7 10979^ 3 168-3 35974-9 4678 3464 Z 1 + -0 12603 - '0 5 15208< 2 + '0 7 27552 3 1 + -0 3 8463^ + '0 5 2103^ 2 - -0 9 5443< 3 174-4 148-50 148-9 31234-8 35630-6 35494-5 5584 4168 4195 4134 3086 3106 D S Pt 1 + '0 3 82919+ -0 5 17592< 2 + '0 9 29596^ 3 1 _f_ -Q.92884^+ *0 fi 69012^ 2 + "0 8 27729i 3 146-1 147-5 35574-6 36047-0 4107 4092 3041 2930 Pt Pt 1 + '0 3 82558^+ -0 5 16264< 2 + -0 9 60197< 3 147-7 147-8 35870-8 35910-9 4118 4116 3049 3048 Pt s 186-64 36151-1 5163 3823 s 1 + '0 3 78097+ -0 5 13506< 2 + -0 8 35018< 3 190 6 191-29 37512-3 37632-4 5321 5083 3940 3764 Z s 1 + -0397549*+ -0 5 27338 2 - -0842543* 3 194-6 197-3 33853-1 33140-5 5748 5953 4256 4408 D D n 01 fi/ *n 9f>89/ 3 172-0 37111-9 4635 3432 Pt i RSI nifiQQ/2 ~ '0 8 S432^ 3 170-9 36655-5 4662 3452 Pt 1 + -0 3 92884<+ Oe69012* 2 + '0 8 27729< 3 1 + '0 3 84407+ -0 5 13305< 2 + -0 8 25232^ 3 1 + -0 2 10046*+ -0 5 10278 2 + -0 8 40918 3 1 + -0 3 98742<+ -0 5 16850 2 + '0 8 22351 3 1 + *0 3 84369^+ *0 fi 26625^ 2 + "0 8 35997 3 172-0 172-1 219-8 220-8 188-9 37232-0 37063-9 35198-3 40418-8 4620 4643 6273 4674 3421 3438 3461 Pt Pt D D Pt 190-3 40034-5 4753 3520 S 1 + '0 3 8807* +-0 5 1146^ 2 +'0 9 4038 3 195-3 38697-3 5047 3737 Pt _. T- 9. v VOL. II. 694 TABLE LXXp. Name. Formula. Boiling Point. Density at 0. Density at Boiling Point. o-Tolyl propyl ether, C 10 H 14 ; C 3 H 7 .O.C 6 H 4 .CH 3 (1 : 2) 204 -1 0-9517 07675 , C 10 H 14 0; C 3 H 7 .O.C 6 H 4 CH 3 (1:4) 210 -4 9497 7635 Ethyl octyl ether, . CioH^O ; C 2 H 5 .O.C 8 H 17 189 -2 8008 6390 Propyl heptyl ether, o-Tolyl hutyl ether, C 10 H 22 ; C 3 H 7 .O.C 7 H 15 C n H 16 ; C 4 H 9 .0.(V,H 4 .CH 3 (1 : 2) C n H 16 0; C 4 H 9 .O.C 6 H 4 CH 3 (1 : 3) 187 -6 223 -0 229 -2 7987 9437 9407 6420 7493 7422 P- n ii Thymyl methyl ether, . C n H ]6 0;C 4 H 9 .O.C 6 H 4 CH 3 (l:4) C n H 16 ; CH 3 .O.C 10 H 13 229 '5 216 '2 9419 9531 7410 7635 Propyl octyl ether, Butyl heptyl ether, C n H 24 ; C 3 H 7 .O.C 8 H 17 Cl]-H.r> 4 O ; C 4 1 9 . 0. C 7 H-i J= 207 -0 205 -7 8039 8023 6300 6327 Thymyl ethyl ether, n n c\ n tr r\ n u ^12 tl 18 1J '> ^A|.V.i^ fcl 1 3 226 -9 9334 7400 Butyl octyl ether, . Phenyl heptyl ether, . Ci2H 26 ; C 4 H 9 .O.C 8 H 17 C 13 H 20 0; C 7 H 15 .O.C 6 H 5 225 7 266 -8 8069 9319 6277 7075 Thymyl propyl ether, . Phenyl octyl ether, Ci3H 20 ; CgHf. 0. C 10 H 13 C^ TT C\ . C\ U r\ i i TT ^14 il 22 U > ^8 " 17- U -^- 6^5 243 -0 282 -8 9276 9221 7215 6941 o-Tolyl heptyl ether, C^H^O ; C 7 H 15 .O.C 6 H 4 .CH 3 (1 : 2) 277 '5 9243 7016 ra- ,, ,, ,, Cj 4 H 22 O 5 C 7 Hjg. 0. CgH 4 CH 3 (l : 3) 283 -2 9202 6927 P- ii C^HssO ; C 7 H 15 .O.C 6 H 4 CH 3 (1 : 4) 283 -3 9228 6905 Thymyl butyl ether, PTTn-PTTnPTT ^- / 14-*"*-22 ' wi Jin. \J 0-1 nXi-i o 258 -3 9230 7108 Diheptyl ether, C 14 H 30 0; (C 7 H 15 ) 2 2(51 -9 8152 6055 o-Tolyl octyl ether, C 15 H, 4 ; C 8 H 17 .O.C 6 H 4 .CH 3 (1 : 2) 292 -9 9231 6905 ^i~ j> > j> C 15 H U ; C 8 H ]7 .O.C 6 H 4 .CH 3 (1 : 3) 298 -9 9194 6818 P- ii C^H^O ; C 8 H 1; .0.0 6 H 4 .CH 3 (1 : 4) 298 -0 9199 6808 Heptyl octyl ether, Di-octyl ether, ^i5H 32 ; C 7 H 15 . 0. 8 H 17 C 16 H 34 ; (C 8 H 17 ) 2 278 '8 291 -7 8182 82035 6038 5983 Thymyl heptyl ether, . C 17 H >28 0; (0 7 H 1K ).O.C 10 H 13 306 -7 9097 6712 octyl ether, . C 18 H 30 ; (C 8 H; 7 ).O.C; o H; 3 Propylene glycol, . . C 3 H 8 2 ; OH 3 .CH(OH).CH 2 OH 319 -8 189 9026 1-0527 6608 8899 Trimethylene glycol, Dimethyl acetal, . C 3 H 8 2 ; HO.CHo.CH 2 .CH,.OH C 4 H 10 2 ; CH 3 .CH(OCH 3 ") 2 214 63 1-0625 9028 8013 Furfurol, C 5 H 4 2 160 -6 1-0025 Diethyl acetal, Dimethyl resorcin, C 6 H 14 2 ; CH 3 .CH(OC 2 H 5 ) 2 C 8 H 10 2 ; C 6 H 4 (OCH 3 ) 2 103 -2 214 7363 Paraldehyde, Methylene chloride, C 6 H 12 3 ;(C 2 H 4 0) 3 CH 2 Clo 124 -4 41 '6 1-37776 8737 1 -30093 Chloroform, . CHC1 3 63 -5 61 -2 1-52657 1 "40877 60 '9 1-4081 Tetrachlormethane, CC1 4 78 -1 76 -7 1-63195 1-47999 75 -7 1-4802 Ethyl chloride, C 2 H,C1 11 Ethylene chloride, C 2 H 4 C1 2 ; CH 2 C1.CH 2 C1 85 83 -5 1-28082 1-15635 83 -3 1-1576 84 -1 Ethylidene chloride, C 2 H 4 C1 2 ; CH 3 CHC1 2 59 -9 1 -20394 1-10923 56 -9 1-1142 57 7 Chlorethylene chloride, . C 2 H 3 C1 3 ; CH 2 C1.CHC1 2 115 114 1-4577 (9'4) 1-2945 113 7 Trichlorethane, C 2 H 3 C1 3 ; CH 3 CC1 3 75 695 continued. V/ = V multiplied by VI olecular Volume at Boiling Point. bat Boiling Point. V at Boiling Point. Liquid. Gaseous. 1 + '0 3 8629 + -0 5 1597 2 - '0 9 3061 3 195-0 38200-9 0'0 2 5104 0-0 2 3779 Pt 1 + -0 3 89092 + -0 5 11175 2 + -0 9 6610< 3 196-2 38721-3 5067 3752 Pt 1 + -0 3 8862 + '0 5 1 116 2 + -0 9 850U 3 196-0 38705-3 5064 3750 Pt 1 + -0 2 10174 + -0 6 38790 2 + '0 8 68984* 3 246-7 37007-8 6666 4936 D 1 + -0 3 97959 + -0 5 13456 2 + '0 8 19736< 3 245-6 36879-7 6657 4929 D 1 + -0 3 9251Z - -0 6 16988< 2 + '0 8 55589^ 218-4 39714-2 5499 4072 Pt 1 + -0 3 89467 + -0 6 158072 2 + '0 8 44883i5 3 220-5 40210-6 ' 5484 4061 Pt 1 + -0 3 9186 + -0 6 1581* 2 +-0 8 4332< 3 220-8 402347 5488 4064 Pt 1 + -0 3 81994 + -0 5 14318 2 + '0 9 40695 3 214 -3 39169-7 5471 4051 Pt 1 + "0 2 10146 + -0 7 8290 2 + "0 8 70368 3 272-4 38433-1 7088 5249 1) 1 + "0 3 95585 + -0 5 11205 2 + '0 8 27548 3 271-3 38329-0 7078 5241 D 1 + -0 3 88198 + -0 5 10447J 2 + -0 9 64014 3 240-0 40026-5 5996 4440 Pt 1 + -0,95981 + -0 6 77498 2 + -0 8 25533 3 295-7 39930-4 7405 | 5483 D 1 + -0 3 90914 + -0 6 31263 2 + '0 8 50946< 3 270-8 43221 -3 6265 4639 Pt 1 + -0 3 87204 + -0 6 6697 2 + '0 8 23798< 3 265-5 41315-6 6426 4758 Pt 1 + -0 3 83185 + -0 6 62366i5 2 + '0 8 19163 3 296-1 44502-4 6654 4927 Pt 1 + -0 3 82646<+ -0 6 58404 2 + -0 8 20023 3 292-9 44078-0 6645 4920 Pt l + -0 3 8430i! +-0 6 34893^+-0 8 27136 3 1 + -0 3 89678 - -0 6 12175 2 + -0 8 40509 3 1 + -0 3 84593f + 6 51462^ 2 + -0 8 26463i! 3 296 -7 297-7 289-2 44534-4 6662 44542-4 6684 42540-7 6798 4933 4949 5034 Pt Pt Pt 1 + -0 3 97709+ -0 6 32417i! 2 + -0 8 62777*! 3 1 + -0 3 83545i5+ -0 6 48296^ 2 + -0 8 20178 3 1 + -0 3 86187i5 - -0 7 5282 2 + -0 8 35768 3 1 + -0 3 88273i!+ -0 6 11834 2 + -0 8 29559< 3 352-7 317-9 321-9 322-4 42838-9 45311-1 45791-5 45719-5 8233 7016 7030 7052 6096 5195 5206 5222 D Pt Pt Pt 1 + -0 3 84081+ -0 6 79005< 2 + '0 8 27293i! 3 1 + -0 3 8720U+ -0 6 37044i5 2 + '0 8 34353^ 3 1 + -0 3 82073^+ -0 6 26518 2 + -0 8 27282i5 3 1 + -Oo74073^+ -0 8 10460< 2 + -0 9 67513< 3 1 + -0 3 68190+ -0 5 10879< 2 + -0 8 23439^ 1 + -0 3 59666+ -0 6 25690< 2 + -0 8 38324i5 3 376-8 403-6 368-7 395-6 85-2 84-0 110-81 44182-1 45215-0 46416-1 47465-0 36991-8 38993-6 26903-0 8528 8926 7943 8835 2303 2154 4119 6315 6610 5882 6542 1705 1595 3050 D D Pt Pt Z Z S 95-53 34717-8 2752 2038 s 159-90 30121-8 5308 3930 s 157-1 38993-6 4029 2983 s 150-74 31819-3 4737 3508 s 1 + -0 2 130805+ -0 5 2735 2 - -0 8 133< 3 1 + '0"l23024<+ "0 17138 2 + -0 8 8338< 3 65-12 85-1 25189-5 26943-0 2584 3159 1913 2339 Th P 1 + -0 2 n0715^ + -0 5 466473^ 2 - '0 7 174328^ 3 84-53 84-56 26758-9 26734*9 3159 3163 2339 2342 Th S 104-3 28112-1 3710 2747 P ] + -0 2 1 18384^+ -0 6 8988U >2 + -0 7 135135< 3 1 + -0 2 120719+ '0 6 67109i! 2 + -0 7 13478i 3 1 + -Ooir>7458+ -0 5 281366< 2 + -0 7 156987^ 1 + -0 2 111893<+ -0 5 10469< 2 + -0 8 10342 3 1 + 2 115303+ -0 6 82569< 2 + -0 8 9625< 3 103-68 103-66 71-2 85-45 85-34 85-24 28000-0 27919-9 22739-4 28664-5 28544-4 28528*4 3703 3713 3131 2981 2990 29SS 2742 2749 2318 2207 2214 2213 Th S P P Th S 85-24 28592-5 2981 i 2207 St 1 + -O.,l 28402* + -0 5 189062< 2 -f- '0 8 7848^ 88-96 88-56 26654-8 26414-6 3336 3353 2470 2483 Th S 88-18 26478-6 3330 2466 St 115-4 31066-6 3715 P 10279 30986-6 3317 2456 s 102-76 30962-6 3319 2458 St 105-6 27863-8 3790 2807 P 696 TABLE LXXp. Name. Formula. Boiling Point. Density at 0. Density at Boiling Point. 74'l Tetrachlorethane(unsym.) C 2 H 2 C1 4 ; CH 2 CI.CC1 3 137 130 -5 (sym.) C. 2 H 2 C1 4 ; CHCUCHCL, 146 '8 Pentachlorethane, . C. 2 HC1 5 ; OHC12.CC1, 154 161 -7 Tetrachlorethylene, C. 2 C1 4 124 121 l-6312(9-4) 1-4486 Allyl chloride, C 3 H 5 G1 45 0-9056 46 0-9610 9002 Propyl ,, C 3 H 7 C1 ; CH 3 .CH 2 .CH 2 C1 46 8561 46 -5 9123 8536 Isopropyl chloride, Propylene , Butyl C 3 H 7 C1; (CH,).,CH.C1 C 3 H 6 C1 2 ; CH,.CHC1.CH 2 C1 C 4 H 9 C1; CH S .CH. 7 .CH 2 .CH 2 C1 36 '5 98 8825 8326 8094 Tsobutyl , Butylene , C 4 H 9 C1 ; (CH 3 ).,CH.CH .C1 C 4 H 8 C1 2 68 123 Isoamyl , C 5 H U C1 ; (CH 3 ) 2 CH.CH 2 .CH,C1 99 '6 101 102 Chlorbenzol, . C 6 H 5 C1 132 98175 Chlortoluol, . Benzyl chloride, . C 7 H 7 C1; C 6 H 4 C1.CH 3 C 7 H 7 C1 ; C 6 H 5 .CH C1 160 203 -5 9351 Acetyl ,, C 2 H 3 OC1 ; CHjCOCl 55 50 -7 1-13773 1-05698 Chloral, Trichloracetyl chloride, . Epichlorhydrin, C 2 HC1 3 0; CCL.CHO C 2 C1 4 6 ; CC1 3 .CC10 C 3 H 5 OC1; CH 2 .CH.CH 2 C1 99 118 116 '6 1-65640 1-20313 1-44517 1-05667 LOJ 115 '9 Benzoyl chloride, . C 7 H 5 C10 ; C 6 H 5 .CO.C1 198 Methyl bromide, . CH.Br 13 Bromoform, . CHBr 3 151 "2 2-83413 2-43611 Trichlorbrom-methane, . CCl 3 Br 104 -1 2-05496 1-82446 Ethyl bromide, C 2 H 5 Br 40 7 38 "4 Chlorobrom-ethane, C 2 H 4 ClBr ; CH 2 Cl.CH 2 Br 109 Ethylene bromide, C 2 H 4 Br 2 ; CH 2 Br.CH 2 Br 133 131 '5 2-21324 1-93124 130 Allyl bromide, Dibromethylene, . C 3 H 5 Br; CH 2 : CH.CH 2 Br C 2 H 2 Br 2 ; CHBr : CHBr 71 109 "4 1-4593 2-2983 1-3333 2 0352 Propyl bromide, . Isopropyl ,, C 3 H 7 Bn CH,CH 2 CH 2 Br C 3 H 7 Br; (CH 3 ) 2 CH.Br 71 60 1-3835 1-3397 1-2639 1-2368 Propylene ,, C 3 H 6 Br 2 ; CH 3 CHBr.CH 2 Br 141 7 1-9617 1-6944 Trimethylene bromide, . Isobutyl bromide, . C,H 6 Br ; CH 2 Br.CH 2 .CH Br C 4 H 9 Rr 165 91 2-0060 1-7101 Amyl ,, C B H n Br 1-0502 Isoamyl ,, C 5 H n Br 119 118 "5 Brombenzol, C 6 H 5 Br 155 '6 1-5203 1-3080 156 o-Bromtoluol, Methyl iodide, C 7 H 7 Br ; C 6 H 4 Br.CH 3 CH 3 I 182 40 42 '8 2-3346 2-2146 697 'ontinued. Molecular Volume Vf = V multiplied by at Boiling Point. bat Boiling Vat Boiling Point. Point. Liquid Gaseous. 107-98 121-4 27791-8 32828-2 0-0 2 3885 3698 0-0 2 2877 2738 St P 121-52 32207-7 3773 2795 St 119-23 33612-9 3547 2626 St. 143-0 34189-4 4183 3097 P 138-15 34805-9 3969 2939 115-4 31787-3 3630 2688 P 114-21 31547-1 3620 2681 s 84-22 25461-7 3308 2450 s 1 + -0 2 13218 + -0 5 50781 2 - -0 7 41915 3 847 25541-8 3316 2455 z 1 + -0 2 13306+-0 5 38313* 2 --0 7 13859(! 3 91-35 91-7 25541-8 25581-9 3576 3573 2648 2646 P z 1 + -0 2 13696+ -0 5 55827 2 93-6 24781-3 3777 2798 z 107-6 29705-5 3622 2682 114 St 114-3 27303-4 4186 3110 s 129-5 31707-2 4084 3024 K 134-4 29833-6 4505 3336 8 137 29945-7 457; 3388 K 135-4 30025-7 4509 3339 P 114-28 32427-8 3524 2609 134-91 84669*8 3862 2860 S 154-3 38152 -J 4044 2994 s 75-2 26262-4 2863 2120 K 1 + -0 2 1 36948* + -0 5 207390 2 + '0 7 12185^ 74-05 25118-1 2948 2183 Th 1 + -039545* - -O f( 22139 2 + '0 7 56392 3 108 *fl 29785-5 3656 ' 2707 K 1 + -0 2 109113<+ -0 6 27205 2 + '0 8 8293 125-51 31306-9 4009 2969 Th 1 + -0 2 102662+ -0 6 61974 2 + '0 8 6657^ 87-29 31194-8 2798 2072 Tl, 87-11 31138-7 2797 j 2071 S 137-8 37712-5 3654 2706 K 1 + -0 2 141521Z + -0 5 331528 2 + -0 6 113809 3 58-2 22899-5 2542 1882 P 1 + -0 3 94116* + -0 6 27800< 2 + '0 8 4259* 3 103-53 33965'2 3048 2 -jr. 7 Th 1 + -0 2 108231i5+ -0 6 65582 2 + '0 8 58582 3 108-43 30193-9 3591 2659 Th 1 + -0 2 133763+ -0 5 150135 2 + -0.169* 3 78-4 25117-4 3121 2311 P 77-1 24933-3 3092 2290 S 88-01 30586-2 2877 2130 St 97-5 32507-9 2999 2221 P 1 + -0 2 95285 + -0 6 68346 2 + '0 8 3947< a 97-08 32387-8 2997 2219 Th 97-65 322677 3026 2241 S 1 + -0 2 12275* - '0 6 44365< 2 + -0 7 25843 3 90-5 27543-6 3286 2433 Z 1 + -0 3 99103 + -0 5 17519* 2 + '0 8 1177< 3 91-11 30618-3 ' 2976 1 2204 \v 1 + *0nl2239 + "O fi 56696 2 + "0 7 13690 3 97-2 27543-6 3529 2613 Z 1 + -0 2 12494 + -0 5 18870 2 + -0 8 63651< 3 99-2 26662-8 i 3721 2740 Z 1 + "0 91672< + '0 12277* 2 + "0 12010* 3 118-4 33204-5 3566 2641 z 1 + -0 3 81968+ -0 5 24944* 2 - -0 8 67159^ 3 117-1 35070-1 3339 2472 z 110-4 29145*0 ; 3788 2805 s 143-8 St 149-2 31386-9 4754 3520 p. 138-6 31346-9 4423 3275 s 1 +0'0 3 83368^+ -0 6 90506i; 2 + -0 8 28245< s 119-70 119-9 34175 3503 ; 2594 34349-5 3491 2585 w s 115-0 36431-3 3157 2338 s 68-3 29865-6 2287 Mi.:; P 1 + -0 2 11440<+ -0 5 40465i 2 - '0,27393^ 63-9 25285-6 2527 1871 D 698 TABLE LXXp. Density Name. Formula. Boiling Point. Density at 0. at Boiling Point. Ethyl iodide, C 2 H 5 I 70 72 -5 1-9795 1-8156 72 -2 Allyl . C 3 H 5 I ; CH 2 : CH.CH 2 I 103 1-8696 1-6601 Propyl C 3 H V I; CH 3 .CH 2 .CH 2 I 102 -5 1 7863 102 -5 17829 1-585 Isopropyl iodide, . C 3 H 7 I ; (CH 3 ) 2 CHI 93 17&04 89 1-7440 Butyl iodide, Isobutyl ,, . ?z-Amyl ,, Isoamyl ,, . C 4 H y I; CH 3 .CH 2 .CH 2 .CHoI C 4 H 9 I ; (CH 3 ) 2 CH.CH 2 I C 5 H n I ; CH 3 .(CH 2 ) 3 .CH 2 I C 5 H n I ; (CH 3 ) 2 .CH.CH 2 .CH 2 I 129 '9 120 151 7 148 1-6476 1-5444 1-4308 1-3128 148 lodobenzol, . C 6 H 5 I 188 Hexyl iodide, C 6 H 13 I 177 -1 1-4661 1-2165 Heptyl Octyl . Formic acid, c 7 i 15 ! G 8 H 17 1 CH 2 2 ; HCOOH 203 "8 226 -5 99 1-4008 1-3533 T1344 1-075 101 1-2415 1-1175 100 -3 Acetic ,, . C 2 H 4 2 ; CH 3 COOH 118 o- 118 -1 1-0701 9372 Methyl formate, C 2 H 4 2 ; HCOOCHg 36 0-99839 32 -4 32 "3 0-99839 95196 Propionic acid, C 3 H 6 2 ; C 2 H 5 COOH 137 140 '7 1-0199 8657 140 '9 1-0133 8599 Methyl acetate, C 3 H 6 2 ; CHgCOOCHg 55 55 57 '5 0-95774 88086 57 '3 9643 8873 Ethyl formate, C 3 H 6 2 ; HCOOC 2 H 5 55 9447 53 '5 9431 54 "4 93757 86667 56 9445 8725 Methyl acrylate, . C 4 H 6 2 ; CH 2 :CH.COOCH 3 80 -3 97388 87194 Butyric acid, C 4 H 8 2 ; CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 COOH 156 162 162 -3 9746 8099 Isobutyric acid, C 4 H 8 2 ; (CH 3 ) 2 CH.COOH 153 154 9651 8054 Methyl propionate, C 4 H 8 2 ; C 2 H 5 COOCH 3 79 9420 79 -9 93725 836798 79 -5 9403 8393 Ethyl acetate, C 4 H 8 2 ; CH 3 COOC 2 H 5 74 76 77 'I 92388 82673 77 '5 9253 8272 Propyl formate, C 4 H 8 2 ; HCOOC 3 H 7 83 81 91838 82146 81 9250 8270 - Ethyl acrylate, C 5 H 8 2 ; CH 2 :CH.COOC 2 H 6 98-5 93928 81970 699 'ontinued. ' Molecular Volume at Boiling Point. b at V at V< V multiplied by Boiling Boiling Point. Point. Liquid. Gaseous. 1 + -0 2 11520*+ -0 6 26032 2 + '0 7 1418U 3 86-1 85-6 27463-5 276637 0-0 2 3135 3097 0-0 2 2321 2293 P D 86-1 276397 3115 2307 s 1 + -0 2 10539* + -0 6 63572 2 + -0 7 10036 3 100-9 30105-8 3352 2482 Z 106-9 30065-8 3556 2633 z 1 + -0 2 10276Z+ -0 5 18658 2 - -0 10 508 3 106-9 30065-8 3556 2633 D 108-4 29305-1 3699 2739 B 108-4 28984-8 3740 2769 Z 1 + -0 3 960692 + -0 5 22362^ - -0 8 50289< 3 128-2 322597 3974 2943 D 151-1 31467-0 4802 3556 S 1 + -0 3 92658<+ -0 5 14647* 2 - '0 9 59616 3 150-4 34005-2 4423 3275 D 158-8 33709-0 4711 3488 K ' 151-1 33709-0 4482 3319 S 130-6 36911-8 3538 2620 S 1 + -0 3 94874 + -0 6 32484Z 2 + '0 8 48625^ 3 173-8 36039-0 4823 3571 D 1+ -0 3 91069+ -0 6 20442 2 + '0 8 4794^ 3 198-6 38176-9 5202 3852 D 1 + 3 S8271* + -0 6 31536i! 2 + -0 8 3813// 3 222-6 39914-4 5577 4130 D 41-8 29785-5 1403 1037 K 1 + '0 3 95790 + -0 6 9647 2 + '0 8 45729 3 41-07 29945-7 1371 1015 Z 41-08 29889-6 1374 1017 S 63-5 31306-9 2028 1503 K 1 + -0 2 10630 - -0 6 12636 2 + '0 7 10876< 3 63-8 31314-9 2037 1508 Z 63-4 24741-1 2563 1898 K 62-57 24452-9 2559 1895 S 1 + -0 2 135824 + -0 4 10538 2 - -0 6 18085* 3 G2-84 24444-9 2571 1904 E 8V4 32828-2 2601 1926 K 85-3 33124-4 2575 1907 Z 1 + -0 2 10396 + -0 5 15487i5 2 + '0 9 4301Z 3 85-9 33140-5 2592 1919 Z 837 26262-4 3187 2360 K 83-66 26262-4 3186 2359 S 1 + -0 2 134982 + -0 6 87098 2 + -0 7 35562 3 1 + -0 2 12785 + -O g 49742 2 - -0 7 14974 3 8377 83-2 26462-6 j 3166 26446-6 3146 2344 2330 E G 1 + '0 2 136446 + -0 6 13538 2 + <> 7 39248 3 84-9 84-54 26262-4 26142-4 3233 3234 2394 2395 K S 1 + "0 2 130917 + -0 5 19198 2 + "0 7 30497^ 3 85-14 26214-4 3248 2405 E 84-6 26262-4 1 3221 2385 G 1 + -0 2 13589 - 'Orl3342 2 + *0 7 31235i 3 98-4 28288-2 3478 2575 W 106-6 34349-5 3103 2298 E 1 + -0 2 1 02573^ + -0 6 83760< 2 + '0 8 34694)! 3 107-7 P 107-85 34829-9 3096 2292 - 1 + '0 2 10296+ -0 6 83104< 2 + '0 8 35905^ 3 108-2 108-57 34853-9 34109-3 3104 3183 2298 2357 Z S 1 + '0 3 97625 + -0 5 23976i 2 - -0 8 32145 3 108-9 104-24 34189-4 28184-1 3185 2358 3686 2728 z s 1 + -0 2 130490 - -0 5 13275^ 2 + '0 7 46943 3 104-86 104-6 28256-2 28224 -2 3711 2748 3706 2744 E G 1 + -0 2 12738<+ -0 5 21914/!' 2 + '0 7 11797* 3 107-4 105-70 27783-8 27943-9 3866 2863 3783 2801 K S 1 4- -0 121850^4- -0 455S72 2 -076926^ 106-15 28032-0 3786 2803 E 1 -O 2 ! ^^XJ-gOvy v/w>7.ri|e 243 -6 8786 6708 Octyl butyrate, C^H^Os ; C 3 H 7 COOC 8 H 17 242 -2 8794 6751 Heptyl caproate, . Octyl valerate, C^H^O,;' CXCOOC/H^ 5 259 -4 260 "2 8769 8784 6954 6618 Heptyl heptylate, . CuH^Os ; C 6 H 13 COOC 7 H ]5 274 -6 8761 6496 Octyl caproate, CTT r\ . p TJ p/~ir\P TT Hii^L^ , ^ 5 ri n OvJLu 8 ri l7 275 -2 8748 6509 Heptyl octylate, . C 15 H 30 2 ; C 7 H 15 COOC 7 H 15 289 -8 8754 6405 Octyl heptylate, . C 15 H 30 2 : C 6 H 13 COOC 8 H 17 290 -4 8757 6419 ,, octylate, Acetic anhydride, . C^H^O, : C 7 H 15 COOC 8 H 17 C 4 H 6 3 ; (CH 3 CO) 2 305 -9 138 8755 6318 Ethyl carbonate, . C 5 H 10 3 ; (C 2 H 5 ) 2 C0 3 126 Aceto-acetic ether, C 6 H ]0 3 ; 5 ^ n ifino/ 8 332-9 45191-0 7367 5455 Wn 1 + -0 3 77442* + 5 '0 5 1 1 439* 2 - -0 9 4428 :{ 459-6 123-09 49891-1 33468-7 9212 3678 6821 2723 Wn S 143-44 34485-6 4159 3080 S 163-85 35230-3 4651 3444 s l + -0 3 74036 < -0 6 17744^ + -0 8 78943^ 123-96 39393-9 3147 2330 W 706 TABLE LXXp. Density ' Name. Formula. Boiling Point. Density at 0. at Boiling Point. Methyl - a - j8 - dibrompro- pionate, . C,H fi Br 9 Oo ; CH. 2 Br.CHBrCOOCHo 205 -8 1-9777 1-6140 Ethyl ,, ,, . C 5 H 8 Br 2 6J CH 2 Br.CHBr.COOC 2 H5 214 -6 1-8279 1-4554 n-Propyl ,, ,, Methyl cyanide, C 6 H 10 Br 2 2 ; CH 2 Br.CHBrCOOC 3 H 7 C 2 H 3 N ; CH 3 CN 233 74 1-7014 1-3391 81 -3 Ethyl C 3 H 5 N ; C 2 H 5 CN 97 'I 0-80101 0-70098 97 Allyl amine, . C 3 H 7 N ; NH 2 C 3 H 5 56 Propyl ,, C 3 H 9 N ; NH 2 C 3 H 7 49 -6 Pyroline, C 4 H 7 N 133 7276 Diethyl amine, Isohutyl ,, C 4 H U N ; NH(C 2 H 5 ) 2 4 H U N ; NH 2 C 4 H 9 56 67 -7 Pyridine, Valeronitril, . C 5 H 5 N C 5 H 9 N; C 4 H 9 .CN 116 129 Piperidine. . C 5 H n N 105 Aniline, C 6 H 7 N 184 183 -7 1-03790 87274 183 -1 Picoline, C 6 H 7 N 133 -5 0-96161 83258 Capronitril, . Triethyl amine, C 6 H n N ; C B H U CN C 6 H 15 N ; N(C 2 H 5 ) 3 154 89 Benzonitril, . Lutidine, C 7 H 5 N; C 6 H 5 CN C 7 H 9 N 191 154 7916 Collidine, Dimethyl aniline, . Chinoline, Triallyl amine, C 8 H n N C 8 H n N C 9 H 7 N C 9 H 15 N ; N(C 3 H 5 ) 3 173 190 234 155 -5 8206 7839 7941 6826 Tripropyl ,, Diphenyl ,, C 9 H 21 N ; N(C 3 H 7 ) 3 C, a H u N ; NH(C 6 H 6 ) 2 156 -5 310 7699 6426 8293 Diallyl aniline, C 12 H 15 N 244 9680 76(57 Dipropyl ,, C 12 H 19 N 245 -4 9240 7267 Di-isopropyl aniline, Azobenzol, Nitromethane, Nitroethane, . C 12 H 19 N C 12 H 10 N 2 ; C 6 H 6 N : NC 6 H 5 CH 3 N0 2 C 2 H 5 N0 2 221 293 101 114 9338 7504 8256 Nitrobenzol, . C 6 H 5 N0 2 218 Ethyl nitrate, Isoamyl ,, Ethyl sulphide, C 2 H 5 N0 3 86 147 91 46 -5 Amyl mercaptan, . C 5 H 12 S 120 Methyl disulphide. 114 Ethyl sulphite, Methyl thiocyanate, C 4 H ]0 SO ;! C 2 H 3 NS 160 133 Mustard oil, . C 4 H 5 NS 148 151 '3 Phenyl mustard oil, C 7 H NS 219 -8 Ethoxy-ph osphcr chloride, Phosphenyl chloride, PC1 2 C 2 H 5 PC1 2 C 6 H 5 117 -5 224 -6 1-30527 1-3428 1-13989 1-10415 Trimethyi phosphate, . C 3 H 9 P0 4 ; (CH 3 ) 3 P0 4 197 -2 Dimethyl - ethyl phos- phate, C 4 H U P0 4 ; (CH 3 ) 2 C 2 H 5 P0 4 203 -3 B = Buff. K = Elsasser. K = Kopp. Pt = Pinette. D = Dobriner. G = Gartenmeister. P = Pierre. $ = Schiff. 707 continued. V*=V multiplied by Molecular Volume at Boiling Point. bat Boiling Point. Vat Boiling Point. Liquid. Gaseous. 1 + -0 3 88998i5+ 6 15041i5 2 + -0 8 4120U 3 1 + -0 3 991-28 - -0 5 10801 2 + '0 8 94009i! 3 1 + -0 3 93976t - -0 6 28435 2 + '0 8 52020 3 1 + -0 2 12118 + -0 5 17780 2 + -0 7 15322< 3 151-99 178-14 204-09 54-3 38337-0 39041-6 40514-9 27783-8 0-0 2 3965 4563 5037 1954 0'0 2 2936 3379 3730 1447 W W W R 1 + -0 2 122775 + '0 5 204064 2 + '0 8 4675 3 57-2 78-35 28368-3 28633-4 2016 2736 1493 '2026 8 Th 78-3 29625-4 2643 1957 S 78-4 26342-5 2976 2204 S 85-6 24830-1 3447 2552 S 92-1 St 109-1 26342-5 4142 3067 S 106-2 27279-3 3893 2883 S 89-4 31146-7 2870 2125 8 119-7 32187-6 3779 2798 S 108-6 30265-9 3588 2657 S 1 + -0 3 86295i!+ -0 6 2735B 2 + '0 8 3466 3 106-4 106-37 36591-5 36567-5 2908 2909 2153 E 2154 Th 106-1 36512-6 2906 2152 S 1 + -0 3 966534/!+ -0 6 84590K 2 + '0 8 45669 3 111-50 32547-9 3426 2537 Th 141-1 34189-4 4127 3056 S 153-8 28984-8 5306 3929 S 121-6 37152-0 3273 2424 K 135-1 34189-4 3952 2926 St 157-9 35710-7 4422 3274 St 152-4 37071-9 4111 3044 St 139-8 40595-0 3444 2550 S 1 + -0 2 10119+ -0 5 15077 2 + -0 8 24849i! 3 200-3 34349-5 5831 4318 Z 1 + -0 2 10424 + -0 5 1103U 2 + -0 8 21272 3 222-1 34389-6 6458 4782 Z 203-8 46680-3 4366 3233 St 1 + -0 3 82066 + -0 6 96308Z 2 + -0 9 3372i! 3 225-2 41395-7 5440 4028 Z 1 + *0 3 7988l+ "Ogl2057^ 2 +*'0 9 1936 3 243-1 42507-8 5484 4061 Z 1 + -0 3 85248* + -0 5 12529 2 - -0 9 45689 3 235-4 39554-1 5951 4407 Z 220-4 45319-1 4863 3601 St 59-5 299457 1987 1471 S 80-2 30986-6 2588 1909 S 124-9 39313-9 3177 2353 E 1 + -0 2 11290 + -0 5 47915* 2 - -0 7 18413 3 90-1 28744-6 3135 2321 E 153-6 33628-9 4567 3382 8 1 + -0 2 119643 + -0 5 180653 2 + '0 8 7882K 3 121-5 29145-0 4169 3087 P , 62-1 24581-8 2526 1870 S 140-1 31467-0 4452 3297 K 1007 30986-6 3250 2407 P 148-8 34669-8 4292 3178 E 78-2 32507-9 2406 1782 P 1 + -0 2 10713 + -0 7 3270* 2 + -0 8 73569Z 3 113-9 33709-0 3379 2502 E 113-1 33973-2 3329 2465 S 143-4 39458-0 3634 -jr.'.U S 1 + -0 2 102304+ -0 5 187367< 2 - '0 9 6U 3 1 + -0 3 8258)!+ -0614461^+ '0 6 2863i; 3 128-61 161-68 31266 8 39842-3 4114 3046 Th 4058 3005 Th 1 + -0 2 10516(! - -0 5 19105< 2 + -0 7 13351^ 3 139-45 37648-4 3438 2*44 W 1 + -0 3 95262^ - -0 6 57662< 2 + -0 8 77127^ 3 161-45 33136-8 4872 3608 w St = Stiidcl. Th = Thorpe. W = Weger. Wns = Wiens. Wn = Winkelmann. Z = Zander. 708 LXXI. Capillarity and Surface Tension. Poisson found that, when a disc of radius K is pulled vertically upwards from the surface of a liquid, p = ?rR 2 /is, where p = force exerted at the moment of separation, h = length of the raised column of liquid, * = density of liquid, and h = a,2- where a is a constant depending on the nature of the liquid. If K is very large then, practically, h = a,J2, where a 2 = specific cohesion of the liquid. For any given liquid in contact with a given solid with a definite intimateness of con- tact this intimateness to some extent depending upon the condition as well as upon the nature of the solid there is for every specified temperature a definite angle of contact between the liquid and solid surfaces, which is practically independent of the direction of these surfaces as regards the vertical. This angle we denote by 3- and sometimes by 0. Every liquid behaves as if the thin film forming its exterior surface was in a state of tension, because the molecules which form the surface of the liquid are subject to attrac- tion (or repulsion) by other liquid molecules only on one side. This tension must be expressed in units of force per linear unit, and is usually denoted by a ; it is identical with Laplace's H/2. If a solid wall or plate be dipped perpendicularly into a liquid the surface of the liquid in the immediate vicinity of the wall will be distorted by the elevation or depression of a certain mass of the liquid. This distortion will result from the force a acting through- out /, the length of the wall, at an angle 3- with the vertical, so that the mass of liquid displaced will be, la cos 3. If 3 be less than 90 the cosine will be positive and the liquid will be raised, while if $>90 the cosine will be negative and the effect will be a depression. If the wall be circular with radius r we get, I = 2irr, and the weight of liquid displaced becomes, 2?rra cos 3. Putting h for the length of the displaced column of liquid, and supposing the meniscus to be hemispherical, we get for its volume, and if a- represents the density of the liquid, its mass will be, r/3), and therefore, 2-n-ra cos 3 = 7rrV(/<. r/3) = irr*h-=3-14159m. The equation generally used, W = 27r?*a, is entirely wrong, as it ignores the change of pressure inside the drop caused by the curvature of its surface. For the same tube the number of drops is supposed to be proportional to 2a/cr, but Duclaux found that with a pipette which at 20 C. gave 100 drops for 5 c. cms. of water the following corrections had to be made : Number of drops up to I 140 I 150 I 160 I 170 I 180 I 190 I 200 I 210 I 220 I 230 I 240 I 250 I 260 Deduct . . .| | 1 I 2 | 2'5 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8'5 | 10 | 11 | 12 and one more for every 20 drops above 260. 711 Re veil reports the following results as having been obtained at 15 C. : Liquid. Number of Drops to a Gramme. Weight Drop. Surface Tension. a Distilled water, Alcohol (86), 20 62 0-0500 01 fiO 7-50 9-4.0 Sulphuric ether, Acetic ether, ...... Glycerine, ....... Chloroform, ...... 90 39 24 60 0111 0256 0416 Olfifi 1-66 5-85 3-60 2-4-Q Sulphuric acid, ...... Nitric ....... Hydrochloric 28 27 20 0350 0370 0500 5-25 5-55 7-50 Hydrocyanic (J) (J) . . . Ammonia (23), Caustic soda (36 r ), Silver nitrate solution (equal parts), (J) (i) Turpentine, 25 24 22 16 20 20 20 54 0402 0420 0454 0636 0500 0500 0500 0185 6-03 6-30 6-81 2-40 7-50 7-50 7-50 3-45 Olive oil, ....... Almond oil, ....... Sugar solution (10%), 47 47 20 0212 0212 0500 2-18 2-18 7-50 Poisson's method of detaching a plate or disc of radius r will also serve for the calculation of a, etc., according to the following formulae. p = force exerted at moment of separation, as before ; h = height of lower surface of the horizontal disc above the undisturbed level of the liquid ; P = atmospheric pressure per unit area. = 4a/ 'go-. go- = 2 7 r7'V^ : = 6-2832r 2 j^r, And p = 7r>-% J>- COlO^O -^ CO CM (M rH O O^ O* GO b* w o l-j S c .3 o .2 8* o'S CO i-H ^Q ^ ^ O 3 (7 s "! 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OS O 6 X X CO CO AH X CO CO i-H GO O GO OO X b- b- CO t^ CM CO O co O x 10 co b- b- CO CO CO Os ^* X CO 1- r-, CO 10 OS CO X f. 1 I- CO CO CM CM CM 1O CD O CO CD O lO CM X ^ r-H gglls S3K-3 OO r-H ^ X r-H O >O OS CO 1- O X I-H O X r-H CO O ^ X CM 1 as CM o l> 01 s OS OS gOS X 00 b- X OO /. OS CM X lO 10 co I-H x co CO CO CO CM CM CM H/i rH O X I- CO CM O 1- O CO CO r-H GO CO "* lO CO CM O OS b- lO CO CM OS b- iO CO X b- CO IO CO O GO CO ^ CM i-H X CO "* CM (M r-H OS XI- O X LO CO I-H O b- IO CO -H CO "^ CO r-H r-H OS t- O CO r-H 00 CO ^ (M O - ^ t- lO CO X CD X lO oo X co X (M X oo 1 CO CO CD CD CO OS -^ O CO CO r-H O OS b- CO CO CO LO lO r-H 00 CO CO O CM b- CO OS lO CO "* CO r-H O O lO JO IO IO b- O "3 0} n Si .2 " _u 5 a S a of O I s .S-S i^ ' c 9? 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CH 3 CNS ' o ^ ^ o o :? - bjp W bj pT] CN iTj CO m g K-r oo ^Jj q & tf o CO sl ^a M 1 ^ I * I I Jf cS X o 746 "o "o "o * s s Stt i>~* CD CD CD CD i r^ -5- # ~ ~ ~ ~ " "g'g ^^g ^ " g ^^ ^J << fcS W^ o o o CO co co co co co co CD p, CD O-. tD p , CD 1 H fiH QH Q H li r-H IO t- CM O CO OO CM O OO O iO -* O OS a Q s- CO O CO t- -^H O OS C- CO OO IO "* CO IO ^ CO^ t~COJ-^l-^ t- -* GOiOl-^CO^ CO o" t^ T^ CO "io iO CO O t O CO OcO^iOiOOt^OiOO(MiOO>-O ^H^OOOOOOcOiOO i 1 IO OS CO OSlOr-H^H CO IO t^lO i I1O1O CO CM r-H, 1 CM i-H r-H (M r*H CM i-H CD 111 ^WO > >^ p S o o s 05 02 C/3 O2 JK cc ^ O-t D-i D_ OJ rg - o * > . r> ^ ~ _s ^^ ' pw ^ y ^ fiH Q H ft H H Hft CO CO CO -^ CO rH |>. OS (M CO i I ' O 1C 1C (M O -* CO (M o ic co as co i i as ^i t- 1C 1C (M (M i i 1C ^H l>- l>- ' i i fM CO ~ 1 CM CO CO CO CO CO (M (M CO CO CO CO CO CO CO .-i 1C t- co l>- CO O1 1C CO "^f ***" t- 1- ^ 00 00 00 ico^ococoasascoooicocoOio as o r-i ic oo ^ ic co as oo co OCOOiCiCOcO^-^-^H^ I-H O 1C OiCiClCiC ^iCiCCOCOOCOfMiC 1C1C1C1CIC i I z s w ^c y td ft ^ r ~> Q d hjf pfS If t=C ; O ft P4 5 ft O OO M ^ & aT Of ^H 3 ' 1 aT 3 3 s 1^ t 1 -5 III ft t> O 748 Influence of Temperature on Surface Tension, etc. For all liquids there is a diminution of surface tension with an increase in the temperature, but the law connecting the two cannot be said to be thoroughly understood. The following empirical equation is frequently employed to denote the relation between surface tension and temperature a, = 00(1-^ + #*). The constant has frequently the value 0, so that For water and other liquids various values for the constants in these equations are given in Table LXXlFj. Knipp gives the following proportional numbers for the surface tension of water up to near its critical temperature : Numbers Pro- Numbers Pro- Numbers Pro- Numbers Pro- f. portional to Surface Ten- t. portional to Surface Ten- f. portional to Surface Ten- t. portional to Surface Ten- sion. sion. sion. sion. oc. 44-2 100 C. 31-6 200 C. 19-3 300C. 7'2 10 43-2 110 30-4 210 18-2 310 6-2 20 41-7 120 29-1 220 17- 320 5-5 30 40-5 130 27-9 230 15-7 330 4-7 40 39-1 140 26-7 240 14-5 335 4-4 50 37-8 150 25-5 250 13-2 340 4-1 60 36-6 160 24-1 260 12-1 345 3-9 70 35'4 170 23- 270 10-9 350 3-4 80 34-1 180 21-9 280 9-7 352-5 3- 90 32-9 190 20'6 290 8-5 355 2-1 357-5 1- Thus if the surface tension be 77'74 at we get 77.74 a 100 = - x 31'6 = 55-58 very nearly, which does not agree at all with the value calculated from Knipp's formula a ioo = a o{! ~ ( 10 x 0-00191) } = 62-89, nor with the value obtained by the compiler 59-28. At the critical temperature, as there can be no separating surface between a liquid and its vapour, it was supposed that the surface tension would become nil, so that and 749 None of the formulae of this form given for water will give anything near the experi- mental value for ; the lowest value for p gives a = 556 C., and the highest = 435 C. Of the formulae of the form Wolff and Weinberg's will give no value for $, but the one adopted by the compiler from surface tension results merely, and without any reference at first to the critical temperature, gives 3=343C., which is most probably within some twenty degrees of the true value : a pretty close approximation starting with a somewhat erroneous hypothesis. 750 J2 1 C/I I i i e II II J S II S S'S > L2 ^ a a b x " * 1.1*1 'S o o S -< r ^2 1 I irfl ' 5 >; iri -^ ai e^ fr f3 *m .a fl "tk* IIP Pn9.S >; ^2 ^ llfl 1 1 l!l S-5"*' fa 45 ^ ai-tP b b 5? .OiOlOOCOCOCOC)'*tlCOCOCOOl'-*(NOO I 22 ^ ^Ifll :lllla!!l!il! ^ F >,^- o 'o " a I-H ^*"o S ^> ^ >^ O "* U5 6 *>I OO OJ O rH (N CO OO OS O -H ft ?O 1 OO 751 .Ttl(>acOTtlrHOi-HrHOikAVACOCOOC^'^OS'N(NCOOOj VAt- i lOOOOCO^i lO5O01>. 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CO CO CO -* 10CO ^ CO CO CO ^^^OI"*^'*-*CO(MCOCOCO 05t^p^i^pl;-O100qcOCpCOT^(^OSCC r HCOCOCO^^^^OJ(^rHCOlOI^J^.OS N t I rH CM i t C3 T I rH i li^(>^(^C<>(^Cl^CJ-^Cpcpp^ocpp^ C^ CN C^ C^ O IO IO Tf Tt^ ^ IO IO IO ^ IO "^ IO C^l "^ CO CO IO "^ ^t 1 IO Tt* **ff ^f IO '^ -^i CO O1 CO C*l IO CO ^?oOt-- OO OCNOO t^COCO COOO'* O rHCOiOlOCOlOlO l^l^O CO COOOp C* l^- OO 1> t^* J>- CO Tt* "^ ^ Tf lOipiO piOO^l ipipt^ >pipippip>pp O CO-^iOC/3 iO (MrfCO CO7O1OO CNCOCO l^OCOCO^OiOCvICvJ CO1>-COO i I OOCOOO (NOSCOOO OO-^(N i i .oOOSrHi ((NCOCOOOOrHCOi ICO'O O(MiOCOOOt-OC.OC. w- ^ i.^. ^ xw - rH rH rH (N rH rH o-cfcdol ^5^H5 f wa^5Bto - - - - - * . -S'rt . . . s I OO' OS* O rn' CN CO" ^ in' co' t^ 00 OJ rn* CM n # 10 CO I ^ 00 OJ O rf 00 ^ 10 i 00 ^rH^-l^r^^CMG^CMtM 754 Srsr I I I-H i I ^^ "e s 1 1 J ll NM ^ l g l N g,l g tegj S S g -? 3 I 3^ 1 I "1 " ~$ "^ " J| I 1 !" ^1 " * ~" PC, 5 ^ II M 1 .2 5 M* * "T^ -^ OO OO G^l C^ O5 ^ I>- G"O CO O4 _ 10 * * i. i. it, SiS CN ~ (p b 1 r* 1 j o" 00 o s 1 1 -2 1 ^ ^ ^-C!- o *^ T}1 1> 'M CQ t^ CO CO ^ C^ CO IO * ^O CO O so iO CO Ttl CO -^ & * * d t^ CO CO t^- O4 CO OO O O4 O * VO * O4 *O r- 1 * * ^^^* CO CO CO OO CO CO CO ^ -^tH CO OS OO CO CO CO GO CQ t^ CO ^\ CO O OJ l'^ O t^* iO C^l CO rH CO "^ CO T-H 1-1 CO CO ^ '4^^Jj^ ''L 11 ^ ' ' '3 ^" o rt 00^ 2 IS <5 G ^, >> 3 -5 -S 2-2 o J ^ ^ ^ .. ^ ^'g o g -| " J^*l w "p ^o " I M tn . S . S ^S US a S> '9 |X> - > il-ll : ' ? cZi I J J' I s? P3 rt" CQ TH OS c oo o O o r-l O 1O O I O (N O o o o O O 00 ^ CNr-H,-, (N OO !>. Oi CO CO (M O OO ^H CO iO CO O5 O COOt . OS -SI (N CO Oi l> Oi SO SO t> ,-H t^OO OO CO 0^ i-H l>. I>* t>- l>- OOOO^OOCOO^ ^N ^(MOS 00 ^i^ (M OS I 1 OO ,_( fN^ CO ki CO *o o t^ C4COi-t 10 l-H i-H HO O OO O t- OO b* IO OO (M t>- t>.COCO OOO50iOi-lr-i CO OCO rH OO TM OS ^- I-* C^ P 7^ t^i>t^ooo co b4 Ol t^ to o vo Tl* OO t l^t os o< A. b OO 00 bb O 773 S -u 2 fl WO 756 Capillarity Constants of Solutions. Buliginsky gave the following empirical formula for the surface tension of aqueous solutions : , = where a s = surface tension of solution. a n = ,, pure water. p = weight of water in one gramme of the solution. q = substance k = a constant depending on the nature of the substance in solution. For KN0 3 at 15 C. he found k = 1-1628 nearly, k =1-3895. Quincke gives for aqueous solutions : a s = a w + l-y ; i.e a s =7 '35 + //, where y = number of "salt-equivalents" (he really employs double the chemical equivalents) to every 100 molecules of water, k = a constant as before. For chlorides he finds, employing capillary tubes, and for NH 4 C1 at about 16 C., but by the air-bubble method he gets 0-1783 a s = 8-30 + 0-1 870 //. These equations give moderate approximations for solutions of chlorides and also for solutions of magnesium sulphate, potassium carbonate and sodium carbonate, but they break down completely for those of potassium sulphate, sodium sulphate, zinc sulphate, copper sulphate and sugar. Dorsey gives an equation of the form, where c = gramme equivalents per litre of the solution. The values of k for a few substances, as calculated from the work of various investigators, may be thus tabulated : A: for Volkmann. Quincke. Sentis. Rother. Dorsey. NaCl, 1-59 1-57 1-57 1-38 1-53 KC1, . 1-41 1-57 1-41 1-47 1-71 i K 2 C0 3 , . . 1-78 1-57 ... 1-77 l Na 2 CO 3 , . 0-987 1-57 ... 2-00 J, ZiuSO 4 , 1-78 1-86 Sentis gives the following equation : a g y/u where u= volume of 100 molecules of water, 1 00 + 757 v= volume of the mixture of (100-ra) molecules of water with n molecules of the anhydrous salt. = A constant, which, between and 30, appears to be independent of the temperature. This investigator found that < is sensibly constant for all strengths up to saturation for salts that have a considerable negative heat of solution, but it increases with the concentra- tion for those salts which, when rendered anhydrous, dissolve with an evolution of heat. The limiting value of /n he finds to be 1'66 dynes per cm. for salts with two radicles and (3/2) times this, i.e. 2-49 dynes, for salts with three radicles. Volkmann gives the following values for k in Quincke's equation : BaCl 2 , CaClt, K 2 C1 2 , ' . - . Na 2 Cl 2 , . (NH 4 ) 2 C1 2 , And Rother gives the following : For NaCl, KC1, . ]STa 2 S0 4 , . K 2 S0 4 , . 0-174 187 204 197 159 181 130 K 2 S0 4 Na 2 S0 4 MgS0 4 K 2 N 2 6 ]STa 9 N 2 6 KgCOg Na 2 CO 3 0-153 152 133 105 111 190 112 7-357 + 0-1566?/ 7-357 + 0-1666?/ 7-357 + 0-1382y 7-357 + 0-1595// Valson (about 1870) concluded that the surface tension of salt solutions was a merely additive property, and that the capillary action of each positive and each negative radicle is constant and quite independent of that which may be combined with such radicle. The following are the numbers given by Valson for tubes 0'5 mm. diameter, in which he found a normal solution of ammonium chloride to ascend 60-9 mms. at 15 C. TABLE LXXlG r Capillary Moduli. Radicle. Equivalent. Modulus. Radicle. Equivalent. Modulus. Ammonium, 18 0-0 mm. Silver, 108 5'5 mm. Lithium, . 7 0-05 Lead, 104 5-9 Sodium, . 23 1-2 Thallium, . 203 7-9 Magnesium, 12 1-4 Cl in chlorides, . 35-5 o-o Calcium, . 20 1-4 C0 3 in carbonates, 30 0'5 Potassium, 39 1-5 N0 3 in nitrates, 62 1-0 Manganese, 27-5 2-5 C 2 5 in bicarbonates, 52 1-1 Iron, 28 2-5 S0 4 in sulphates, 48 1-2 Zinc, 32-5 2-7 S0 3 in sulphites, 40 1-3 Copper, . 32 2-9 S 2 3 in thiosulphates, 56 1-4 Strontium, 44 2-9 Br in bromides, 80 2-1 Barium, . 69 3-9 I in iodides, 127 3-9 Cadmium, 56 4-3 Employing these moduli, we find that the ascent of barium chloride solution should be 60-9-3-9 = 57 mms., which agrees with the value obtained experimentally; for ammonium sulphate H= 60'9 - T2 = 59-7 mms., and the value obtained by actual experiment is 59'9 ; for cadmium sulphate we get H = 60-9 - (4'3 + 1*2) = 55'4, while experiment gave 56'2 mms. The symbols, equivalents, etc., are printed as given by Valson. VOL. II. $ C 758 Ill la I 5 fl g TABLE 5-sl Tn k^ W CO Hrj Oi^COCOOOt- OOCDt-CO CD t^. Q CDCOCOSCDCO CO^SS CO CO ft iigs CO CO K OOCOOS^^iO TtHOi(M rHIO w SSSSSo SSSS xo O . rHt^CO 0^X0 Q sss ssss s p. Q pop pppo p E3 w OSOOOi COt^l>.OO CD w Q AH rH AH AH o CD CD CO CO CO 1 ^ 1^- CO rH OS !M OO O O O ^ O rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH w CO -^ t -rf< - t- CO i 1 POO p rH S PQ ' w CO l^ (^1 p (N p 00 00 i^ 1>- 1^ 10 HH rHOOCOOSrHOvOOOSOOO Q CO CO CO CD CO CD CD CD to CD CD T3 Q CM CO i* "^i Tf *O ^O ^t 1 X>- t^- OO g 001-0>-*^0 d ascends in capillary ution at 15 C. H = Height to which the D = Density of the norm the The preceding numbers also a w f 1 to .s o a il Rontgen and Schneider, from their investigations on surface tensions and com- pressibility, calculated the surface tensions of solutions of the iodides, nitrates, bromides, chlorides, hydroxides, sulphates and carbonates of hydrogen, ammonium, lithium, sodium and potassium: they expressed the results in arbitrary units (hd), and from these the values of a in mgrms./mm. have been computed. TABLE LXXlGo. A. Concentration 0-7 Normal. Positive Radicles. i H. NH 4 . Li. Na. K. 5 a a a a a |c to R. andS.'s Units. mgm/mm. R. andS.'s Units. mgm/mm. R. andS.'s Units. mgm/mm. R. and S.'s units. mgm/mm R. and S.'s Units. mgm/mm. I 112-25 7-72 112-27 7-72 112-55 7-74 112-46 7-73 N0 3 110-60 7-60 112-60 7-74 112-81 7-75 112-88 7-76 112-61 7-74 Br 110-88 7-62 112-89 7-76 112-89 7-76 113-01 I'll 112-78 7-75 Cl 111-12 7-63 113-06 I'll 113-20 7-78 113-20 7-78 113-18 7-78 OH 111-45 7-66 108-66 7-47 113-27 7-79 113-41 7-79 113-45 7-80 so, 111-55 7*67 113-99 7-83 114-23 7-85 114-14 7-84 114-09 7-84 C0 3 115-55 7-94 115-44 7-93 B. Concentration 1-5 Normal. 1 Positive Radicles. H. NH 4 . Li. Na. K. 1 to a a a a a R. and S.'s Units. mgm/mm. R. andS.'s Units. mgm/mm. R. andS.'s Units. mgm/mm. R. and S.'s Units. mgm/mm. R. and S.'s Units. mgm/mm. I 113-14 7-77 113-23 7-78 113-84 7-82 113-58 7-81 NO. Br 109-75 110-40 7-55 7-59 113-86 114-33 7-83 7-85 114-22 114-43 7-85 7-86 114-25 114-73 7-86 7-88 113-92 114-68 7-83 7-88 Cl 110-88 7-62 114-48 7-87 115-01 7-90 115-05 7-91 114-79 7-89 OH 111-45 7-66 106-81 1 7-34 115-21 7-92 115-87 7-96 115-54 7-94 S0 4 C0 a 112-49 7-73 116-91 8-03 117-61 8-08 117-54 8-07 118-23 8-12 The values of a in milligrammes per millimetre correspond to a temperature of 15 C. 760 Jcager found the following values, in dynes per cm. 2 at 13 '5 C., for the various solutions : 73-035 77-479 75-179 75-423 74-513 78-306 75-668 77-994 75-654 74-942 74-355 74-255 73-511 73-346 These values correspond very closely to the following empirical expressions, where p denotes the percentage of salt in the solutions : a for Water, Solution of NaCl, 19*9 per cent., 55 M 10-4 55 KC1, 20-5 J> 5 10-3 )5 NH 4 C1, 22-4 11-3 55 MgCl 2 , 19-6 55 55 12-3 55 NaN0 3 , 24-6 12-4 1> Na 2 C0 3 , 10-3 55 sugar, 35-2 55 55 25-2 = aw (i + 0-0 2 25653p + 0-0 4 24747^ 2 ) KC1 =a w (l+ 0-0 2 23382p - 0'0 4 36254p 2 ) NH 4 C1 = aj(l + 0-0 2 31583p -I- 0'0 4 02842p 2 ) MgCl 2 = <*(! + O0 2 19907jp + 0-0 4 75182p 2 ) + 0-0.~20573p-0-0 4 46156// 2 ) Nu 2 C0 3 = sugar = a w (l + 0'0 2 012827p Quincke found the following values (mgms./mm.) of a for solutions of organic sub- stances : Solution of gall (9%) (sp.gr. = 1-0133), 1 = 5-076 ,, ,, Venetian soap (1/4000) ( 0-9983) 2-681 , ,, (1/400 ) ( 0-9992) 2-672 J5 55 (1/40 ) ( 1-0009) 2-563 sugar (37-7% ) ( 1-1170) 8-182 , , tannin (10% ) ( 1-0352) 5-857 , , gum arabic (20% ) ( 1-0708) 7-603 j } isinglass (very dilute) ( 1 ) 6-790 j gelatine (very dilute) ( 1 ) 7-277 , , agar agar (very dilute) ( 1 ) 7-842 The results obtained by Dorsey by the " ripple method " are highly instructive and suggestive ; they are subjoined without alteration in the hopes that they may be of value in training students to work by this splendid method. t = temperature of experiment. n = frequency of tuning-fork employed to produce the ripples. p = density of solution. Aj = observed wave-length in terms of a scale each of whose divisions corre- sponded to 1-0328 cm. T, = surface tension at t in dynes per cm. T 1S = ,, ,, ,, 18 C. ,, ,, 761 TABLE LXXIo 4 . Solutions of Sodium Chloride. Grm. Mols. per Litre. fO, n. *! T- o co r-H JO CO OS CO t^ CO CO CO CO r-H CO CO CO GO OS CO O I-H O r-H CO CO co co co co co r-H O t^- t>- CO lO lO -^ r-H r-H CO CO CO CO o co t~ oo 10 JO ^ CO lO r-H CO OS ^ CO 1 CO CO CO CO i ii" lO OS r-H lO r-H CO CO r-H lO CO CO CO CO CO CO i l>. b- CO ^ CO ^ lO t^ 00 1^ ^ CO O l>- OO CO OS co co co 10 co CO CO CO CO CO t^ CO O CO lO co 10 co 10 co CO CO CO t^ lO CO CO CO CO CO o C en CO OS OO CO 00 OO 00 CO CO CO CO r-H GO CO "^ os o 10 o os O co co O ^ co co ^ os 10 co 10 H co ^^ OS OS t^ OS CO CO ^ PHF^M ^ CO lO ^ "^ CO CO t>. CO CO lO lO JO lO lO lO ^ -^ lO id O lO 1 ^^ r-l IT! G l !>. CO CO OS O lO CO "^ OS -rH 00 OO O O CO ^H CO CO O CO TH t>- CO "* OS ^ CO CO b- CO CO lO OS GO lO co co -^ t^ co ^ 00 CO CO lO CO r-H t- GO 00 O OS l>- r-H OS 10 co -S >> ^ -^ fl O*? > ^ CO GO CO t> CO OO t~ t^ t^ t^ co co ^ t>- ^ 00 OS GO 00 OO CO t ^H i-H CO GO OO OS 00 00 ^ lO t^ OS CO OO 00 00 OS GO OS GO , ^H O 00 OS r-H r-H OS CO t>- ^ O ^ OS CO O CO t^. t~ OS r-H lO OO O lO GO lO lO OS CO CO CO ^H 1C ** CO Oi C^ CO O^ GO 00 CO CO ^ T* CO iO CO O t- OS CO ^ 3 w a SL GO 00 t- t^ 1^ 00 OS OO GO 00 GO OO OS OO 00 OO 00 GO O 00 r-H OS *2 'o S c^ 1 " O CO t^ GO OS l>* t>^ CO O^ CO CO !> lO CO CO .** O^ t^* ^^ Ol CO t- *> t^ CO OS OS OS r-H O OS GO lO -^ i i CO CO O O r-H H IJS. ^ ^ CO CO r-l * ^H ^ 10 -rH CO CO CO ^ ^ CO CO ^^ "^t^ ^i^ b M o CO 00 O r-H O CO 10 00 ^H i 1 GO CO lO ^H oo ^ t TJ< co OS lO OS ^H OS "^^ "^^ OS CO L^^ CO TH CO l> CO t^ r-H O O CO GO CO CO OS CO OS OS OS OS O t^ co o -^ IO O ^O OO ^ fl ^ PJ CO CO r-H O CO CO CO "* OS 10 00 OS CO CO O t^ GO OO GO ^ ~tn .2 t*- t .t*- r CO | | S iO CO CO lO CO lO OS t>- CO -^ CO I-H l>- CO CO CO CO ^ OS O ^ 00 CO i- -^ co O ir- GO CO 00 t- CO OO r-H CO CO o o ^ TH co GO 00 CO O t^ ^ O O CO CO GO O O O CO 1 s It t>. t>- !> !>. CO t- 00 t^ CO t- 00 00 OO 1>- !> !>. OO GO OS t>- }llll r 1 lO r 1 !>. t lO CO O ^H ^H O 00 t- r-H r-H CO r-H CO r-H CO IO CO CO CO CO lO O i i co co 10 t^ co co GO i^ co co i-H o ^H ^H 00 ^H r-H CO CO r 1 1O CO lO CO PH co r i co T i 10 co i^ oo co CO CO CO i-H l>- CO GO CO O CO CO r-H ^ r-H CO CO < I'l 020 OO r-H GO CO CO O OS O i-H i 1 lO CO O CO O OS CO CO O CO lO JJ J Potassium chloride, KCI, JJ JJ = = tf l' 1 4 3 -1 1 1 &D ^ r^ O ** 767 IO CM IO lO lO O CO ^* CM O OS OO CO CM CM CM CM *- CM lO CO r-H CM CM r 1 i 1 co oo co co t- 00 CM CM CM co O t- i IO CM CM O O CO CO CM CM CO CO CM IO i i CO CO IO CM CM CO IO rH -*H OS CO i-H 00 d ^l CM CO CM t^ CO O b- CM i i - CO CO CM CM CM CM CO 00 CO t- IO CO "^ -!f -H/l CM IO OS CO CM ^ CM CM CM CM CM (M ^ t^ O CO ^ co co co co co co i 1 r-H CM CM CO CO CO ^H CO CO "^ CM ^H CO IO 00 lO b- t- CM CM OS CO CM rH 10 IO "^ lO ^ ** CO IO lO -* ^ ^H ^ 10 CO IO CO CM O CO ^* CO lO IO ^ -* IO CO CM o r-H O -^ CO OS CO O CM CO O OS r-H t- CM CO 'M CO CO OS CM O 10 GO co CM 10 rH OS -^ OS 00 CM O CO rH 1^ o ^ t~- oo oo t^ r 1 CO i 1 l>- O IO O OS CO "* t-^- CM ^H CM IO r-H 1C rH GO O O lO CM ^H rH ^ CO CO CO t^ O CO rH CM IO 00 00 CM CO r-H CM OS O GO r-H CM IO GO 00 CM CO GO CO IO 00 CO t^ CO CO OO OS 1 1 OS CO r-H CM "^H r-H OS OO OO OO CO CO t^ 00 O rH IO t^ t~ 00 GO CM r-H rH CO 00 GO OS GO 00 OO i i CO CO t>- !*- -H CM IO GO CO CO CM O co os ^ CO o CO CM r-H ^ lO co r-H 1^ CO CO CM GO CM 00 00 10 co 00 CM lO OS lO OS IO IO CO OS t^ CO 00 CM CO IO CO CM lO CM CO OS CO CO O CO CO t^ 00 O rH CO OS 00 CM CM CM CM t- OS t^ OS -* CM CM ^ OS 9 os OS O GO r 1 00 00 OS 00 00 00 OO GO OS OS OS 00 00 00 00 10 t- oo co co CO OS 00 GO 00 (M b- co r-H CO OS t IO "* 00 CO co O 10 GO OS -t~^ 1> i-H CM r 1 O IO "^f r 1 CM rH O i 1 **! lO CO CO CO OO CM CO CM O CO CO IO t^ CO CM co CO CO CO CM CM TH co CM CM CO CM co CM ^* CM rH O CO "* CO -*f CO CO CM CO CM r-H IO r-H oo o t- CO O o 10 r-H 00 rH "* O co co CM GO CM l>- CM CM t^ OS i-H IO OO lO GO !>. IO OS CO I-H oo co 10 co i i *> -ef OS CO CO t- CO GO CO rH OS O ^H OS O !>. OS -rH "^ CM CM ^ CO 00 T-H CO 00 ^* IO CM co OS co os T^| CO OS I ^ 01 co CO IO 10 CO t- CO t- t- 00 oo CO CM IO CO IO GO t~ b- t^ t^ 00 CO lO CO CO IO t^ b t- t>- ^ OS CO CO 00 CM . GO CO CM CM OS O O OS CO 00 OS CO OS IO CO ^H ^ lO l>- l>- OS r-H O CO GO OS 1>- CO rH ^ -^ OS rH OS ob os i>. t^l- CO 1-^ * t- t^ CO 00 OO t 1>- t- J>- lOt-t-l-l- t^ co i>- t>- t^ CM CM r-H l>- CO CO CM CO r-H CO r-H GO O r-H GO r-l CO CO CO CM i 1 lO CO CO - co co ^ i i ^ "HJ r-H CO r 1 CM IO t^ O -H^ rH 00 I 1 O OS GO CO OS OO OS OS CM IO CO OS ip IO 00 CO O t~ lO OS r-H CM OS t^ IO CM O 10 OS CO CM "^ I-H CO 00 IO IO rH CO ^ OO CO rH O CO OS CO O OO rH rH r 1 ^ IO OS CM IO rH CO CM ^ 00 r-H 01 00 f- GO t^ OS r-H O r-H t^ CO ^ O co os 00 CO CM r-H CM - ^ O 00 CO CM rH CO CO CM i l CM IO CM OO r-H t>. CO OS r-H (M OS r 1 ^H CO CO r-H ^ O CM CO IO r-H CO -* r-H rH t^ CM CO IO 00 CO IO O CM t 00 rH O O O CO O t^ 00 os os i i oo co CO OS OS rH i-H r-H CM O CM ^ OS CO 3 s of rs o 1 I O I cc ^ d ' "I * O^ ^O 02 ^ Ffl * 5 1 .1. i i s l GO PH 11 N 1 3 s 11 )1 ' 11 11 Strontium chloride, SrCl. 2 , = = - 6 - A ' i o .1 PQ = f a 5 r 1 1 i g 768 I 02 r* G> 4 !! ^ *< O5 rH iO O5 Cq CM O "* CM CO CO CM CM OS GO XO CO I-H i-H f-H ^ CO CO CM O CO (M CM i I CM I-H !>. r-H 1O QO i-H rH -TjH OS lO 00 "* i 1 CM CM r-H OS 00 b- Oi lO ^ ^ CO O lO rH rH r-H rH . cq 05 co co i i (M i i lO O5 CO CO O5 t- CO CO CO fc^ O CM GO CM CO CM lO lO CM l>- H^ o 3 || lO CO ^H CO O ^ c 1 GO CO GO CM lO CO C5 CO r-H I 1 O O -HH GO r-H CO CO CO r-H CO CM GO O5 OO O 1^ CO CO H^ lO O rH o 10 ! I ** GO lO i 1 i 1 GO t^ GO GO GO t^- O CM CO (M O t- t^ 00 O> GO O ^* ^* CO CO GO GO GO GO GO O5 C5 rH CO 00 00 rH rH rH GO t- O3 3 o 2 o a g 05 S) ^ CO t^ 1C CO ^H co co as cq O co cq CM o CO GO CO CO 1C CO t^ -* O O 1^ CO lO -^ (M ^H CM CO t^ CO GO OS CM t^ OS r-H 1O CO -HH t^ rH 05 rH (M O CO rH rH CO lO g 03 s GO GO GO GO 00 t- t>- oo as co GO GO GO GO 00 O5 O5 O rH rt rH 00 3 =.2 . - 'o ^^P CD GO t^ CO CO CO 05 ^H t^ ^ lO GO O5 (M GO i 1 1C GO O O O OS rH i, s 5 ^ 5 CO CM CO ^H CO CO GO CO GO CO -^fl i i CO O lO "* O5 -rH -r^ r 1 O O CM CO >> - 5 Q ^ (M CO CO ^ i I t- t- t^ !> t^ O GO CO i-H CO t^ CO 1^- GO t- CO lO lO CO GO t^ Jt^ t^ b- t^ os o cq co i i b- GO O5 O t~ rH o b- * i . II is 3 (M CO ^ O CO GO 1O O iO Oi CO ^f O O CM O CM GO O5 CM GO O5 CO O5 CO r 1 O5 i>- (M ^H 10 'HH (M OO HO CM t^ I-H cq as IO CO i>. OO OS T* o CO lO 1O CO GO rH b- O rH CO GO CM b- cq S *1 t~ l>- !> t^ *> t^ CO t- GO t^ ^^^^^ GO 00 O5 O 1^ t- liiis GO O i i ^ O O ^ CO CO CM GO O t^ GO CO O I-H CN GO -rJH o o o o cq GO 05 -^ CO t- lO GO CO r-H O GO CO OS -^1 * co HIP trbonate, Na 2 C0 3 , j) carbonate, K 2 C0 3 >? )? . w 52; i'"i "a K -l 2 02 P^H S3 s| I "I !J O3 02 PH 03 'S o a a 3 = 769 r-H JO CT ^1 GO CO <* CO r-H l-H CO r-H CM CO JO CO 05 CM i-H b- g O o S w 'o 1 53 - 5 s cf tc | 6 cf 1 770 TABLE LXXIo*. Capillarity Constants of Aqueous Solutions. (B) P. Volkmann's Experiments. E=" Equivalent," according to Volkmann's nomenclature, really double the true chemical equivalent of the substance. a- = Specific gravity of liquid at temperature of the experiments, water at 4 C. being taken as 1. S = Weight of anhydrous substance dissolved in every 100 grras. of water (according to Gerlach's tables). ?/ = Number of salt "Equivalents" corresponding to every 100 "Equivalents" of water in solution. a 2 and a with usual import. Substance and Temperature. E (T S V a? a Mgms. per mm. Dynes per cm. 2NH 4 C1, . 107 1-0758 35-94 6-044 15-36 8-26 81-05 16 a, 0535 22-42 3-770 15-21 8-01 78-60 0281 10-71 1-802 15-04 7-73 75-85 15 a to 16 a, . 0750 35-14 5-910 15-37 8-26 81-05 0388 14-98 2-520 15-14 7-86 77-13 2NaCl, . 117 1932 34-19 5-262 14-09 8-42 82-62 20 C., 1596 27-29 4-200 14-14 8-20 80-46 1074 16-82 2-588 14-25 7-89 77-42 0720 11-25 1-732 14-44 7-74 75-95 0360 5-54 0-853 14-70 761 74-67 15 C. to 16 C., . 1987 34-87 5-367 14-13 8-47 83-11 1154 18-51 2-849 14-36 8-01 78-60 0463 6-91 1-067 14-71 7-695 75-51 2KC1, 149 1696 32-73 3-954 13-88 8-12 79-68 15 C. to 16 C., 1011 17-95 2-173 14-26 7-85 77-03 0463 7-75 0-963 14-66 7-67 75-26 MgCl 2 , 95 2338 34-60 6-553 14-31 8-83 86-64 15 C. to 16 C., . 1694 27-76 4-499 14-29 8-355 81-98 0840 10-95 2-073 14-50 7-86 77-13 0362 4-59 0-869 14-76 7-65 75-07 CaCl 2 , 111 3511 56-19 9-113 13-78 9-31 91-35 19 C., 2773 41-69 6-761 13-84 8-84 86-74 1789 24-98 4-052 13-94 8-22 80-66 0971 12-80 2-077 14-24 7-81 76-64 0540 7-00 1-135 14-44 7-61 74-67 0179 2-41 0-392 14-75 7-51 73-69 15 C. to 16 C., . 3430 53-76 8-720 13-83 9-29 91-16 2269 32-34 5-245 13-97 8-57 84-09 771 TABLE LXXTo* continued. Substance and Temperature. E ff S y a 2 a Mgms. >er ram. Dynes per cm. 1-1136 14-87 2-412 14-27 7-95 78-01 0552 6-96 1-129 14-61 7-71 75-65 SrCl 2 , 158 3114 41-35 4-698 12-81 8-40 82-43 15 C. to 16 C., . 2282 29-13 3-308 13-19 8-10 79-48 1204 14-67 1-666 13-90 7-79 76-44 0567 6-70 0-761 14-45 7-635 74-90 BaCl 9 , 208 2561 31-88 2-759 12-60 7-91 77-62 21 C., 1951 24-01 2-078 13-04 7-79 76-44 1190 14-29 1-237 13'71 7-67 75-26 0544 6'53 0-565 14-24 7-51 73-69 15 C. to 16 C., . 2820 35-13 3-041 12-51 8-02 78-70 1822 21-95 1-900 13-24 7-83 76-83 0947 11-16 0-966 14-03 7-68 75-36 0497 5-80 0-502 14-49 7-605 74-62 2NaN0 3 , . 170 3022 62-61 6-583 12-58 8-19 80-36 12 C., 2301 43-77 4-635 13-05 8-03 78-79 1311 20-18 2-137 13-86 7-84 76-93 15 C. to 16 C., . 3623 80-18 8-491 12-37 8-43 82-72 2338 44-98 4-763 13-02 8-03 78-79 1067 18-17 1-924 14-01 7-75 76-05 0490 7-93 0-839 14-53 7-62 74-77 2KN0 3 , . 202 1263 22-97 2-044 13-75 7-74 75-95 14 C, 0900 15-82 1-408 14-06 7-66 75-16 0466 7-88 0-701 14-55 7-61 74-67 15 C. to 16 C., . 1347 24-91 2-217 13-63 7-73 75-85 0784 13-67 1-216 14-13 7-62 74-77 0411 6-96 0-619 14-59 7-595 74-53 Na 2 C0 3 , . 14 C. to 15 C., . 106 1329 0605 14-39 6-19 2-444 1-051 13-74 14-39 7-78 7-63 76-34 74-87 0283 2-84 0-482 14-73 7-57 74-28 K 9 C5 Carbon disulphide, .... 55-03 3-27 37-97 55 Olive oil, ..... 55-03 3-76 34-19 5) Petroleum ( Olive oil, ..... 8-25 3-76 2-09 5 Turpentine, ..... 8-25 3-03 1-18 Olive oil, . Alcohol, ..... 3-76 2-60 0-23 If in the last equation c represents a fluid, i.e. a gas or a liquid, the whole expression will require considerable modification. If c denote air, a and b any two liquids say a drop of b on the surface of a and if ^=the angle between the surface separating a from c and that separating b from c outside both liquids ; 2 =the angle between the surface separating a from b and that separating b from c ; 3 =the angle between the surface separating a from b and that separating a from c ; a a6 =surface tension between a and b a ac =surface tension between a and c ; a 6c =surface tension between b and c ; then a ac /siri <9 2 = if there exist a state of equilibrium, and the three magnitudes a ao a bc and a ab may be represented by the three sides of a plane triangle, and the sum of any two of them must be greater than the third. So far, no instance has been observed where three fluid surfaces meeting along a common line can be in equilibrium one of the three tensions a an a bc and a ab being always greater than the sum of the other two. One pure liquid would always spread over the whole exposed surface of another ; thus, as shown by Quincke, a drop of pure water will spread over the surface of pure mercury. Watson found the following values for a in dynes/cm, at C. : Water/air, Mercury/air, Petroleum/air, Benzol/air, Water/petroleum, Water/benzol, Mercury /water, Mercury/alcohol, 76-62 439-07 (?) 26-45 23-05 367-90 354-67 77-59 487-04 35-38 33-79 375-10 368-63 775 Here we see water/air > water/petroleum + petroleum/air ; the same thing is observable from Quincke's numbers already given. TABLE LXXIn. In 1888 Quincke found the following values for the surface tension of the substances named against air (a ), and against water (a ft6 ) or other liquid where stated. Liquid. Specific Gravity. a a - Soda solution, 0'25 per cent., .... ! 8-418 Water, 1 8-253 Glycerol, ........ 1-2535 7-348 Rubsen oil, ....... 0-9151 3-348 1-564 Rapeseed oil, ....... 9130 3-340 1-700 Olive oil, ........ 9152 3-760 2-296 Almond oil, ....... 9173 3-515 2-370-1-761 Cod liver oil, ....... 9251 3-391 0-878-0-700 Castor oil, ........ 9633 3-830 1-624 Almond oil + chloroform, ..... 1-0123 1-892-0-622 Chloroform, ....... 1-4878 3-120 3-010 Carbon disulphide, . . . 1-2687 3-274 4-256 Benzol, ........ 0-8985 3-123 1-969 Petroleum, ... ..... 7977 3-233 3-834 Turpentine, . . . . . . . 8867 3-033 1-177 Alcohol, ........ 7904 2-354 Ether, . ... 7200 1740 1-255 Egg albumen, ....... 1-0365 5-934 ,, ,, ....... 1-0384 5-370 to j> 4-913 Aqueous solution of gall (9 per cent.), . 1-0133 5-076 Venetian soap (1/4000), 0-9983 2-681 (1/400), . . 0-9992 2-672 (1/40), . 1-0009 2-563 sugar, 37-7 per cent., 1-1170 8-182 tanriic acid, 10 per cent., 1-0352 5-857 gum arabic, 20 per cent., 1-0708 7-603 ,, isinglass, ) 1 6-790 gelatine, : very dilute, 1 7-277 agar agar, 1 1 7-842 Rapeseed oil/egg albumen, .... 0-710 /glycerol, 1-415 /aqueous solution of isinglass, 2-140-1-688 Olive oil /diluted alcohol, 0-693 Almond oil/egg albumen, 0-701 /NaCl solution, 1 per cent., 1-261 i Almond oil + CHCl 3 /soda solution, 0-678-0-119 ,, /soap solution, 0-257 Cod liver oil/Nad solution, 1 per cent., 0-470 /egg albumen, . 0-400 776 This investigator found that the surface tension was practically nil between the following pairs of liquids : Alcohol, alcoholic solution ; alcohol, ether ; alcohol, turpentine ; benzol, chloroform ; benzol, rapeseed oil ; glycerol, olive oil ; glycerol, almond oil ; glycerol, cod liver oil ; carbon disulphide, ether ; carbon disulphide, benzol ; carbon disulphide, chloroform ; carbon disulphide, olive oil ; carbon disulphide, turpentine ; petroleum, rapeseed oil ; turpentine, olive oil : water, aqueous solutions. Cantor (1892) gives the following values for the surface tensions between Mercury and benzol ' at 20 C., 34-83 mgr./mm. 72 C, 28-45 amyl alcohol 25 C., 26'67 TABLE LXXIi. Surface Tension of Fused Metals, etc. Note. Where no numbers are given in the temperature column it is to be understood that the experiments were conducted at or very close to the fusion point of the substance. Substance. o &*. S p HI Specific Gravity. a\ a. Method. Authority. mgms./mm. dynes/cm. Antimony, 7-63 Falling drops Quincke j j 7-8 38-93 382-01 55 }j Bismuth, . 8-02 J J j j , , 271 10-004 8-755 4378 429-60 Flattened drops Siedentopf 346 8-678 43-017 422-11 j )> , , * * 511 9-716 8-5088 41-336 405-62 19 Bromine, . 3-90 Falling drops Quineke Cadmium, . 17-7 70-65 693-27 )> . 16-84 . 312 7-989 21-25 84-85 832-82 j j ) , . 318 21-24 84-85 832-61 Flattened drops Siedentopf . 365 7-9252 20-991 83-18 816-22 > > ? ? . 431 7-8356 20-633 80-835 793'21 3 > ii Cobalt, 6-708 Drops Herzfeld 6-200 Bubbles Sfe 15-4 11-71 Falling drops M Quincke . ,, (pure), 15-4 5 ) y j (0-5% imp.), . 6-90 62"24 . 610-74 , j Heydweiler Iron (cast). 25-8 5 > Quincke 27-1 ) 9-80 Drops Herzfeld , , 5 j * * 5-712 Bubbles j} Lead,. 8'34 Falling drops Quincke 8-6 45-66 447-05 J J * * 335 10-645 48-2 472-97 Ripples Grunmach 325 10-645 9778 51-94 509-67 Flattened drops Siedentopf 5 > * * 389 10-543 9-678 51-02 500-64 ? > 9 ) 498 10-395 9-498 49-369 484-44 j i 9 9 Mercury, - 39 13-69 8-65 6767 46-29 454-23 Falling drops Quincke Siedentopf - 39 40 Ripples Grunmach Nickel, 13-359 392-51 Herzfeld 9-303 > > ! > 777 TABLE LXXIi. continued. go a. Specific _ vr O.-L- j A Ti4-Vi*-kM4-i Substance. S Gravity. (i~. Meinoci. Autnorit^ . H5 mgms./mm. .ynes/cm. Palladium, . 25-26 Falling drops Quincke Phosphorus, 4-58 ,, 9 9 Platinum, . 17-86 ,, ,, Potassium, . 85-74 , , 9 9 Selenium, . 3-42 n ,, Silver, 8-55 5 > 5 5 15-9 , , J 5 - ' " 10'16 , , Gradenvvitz 13-779 J 3 99 Sodium, 52-97 5 5 Quincke Sulphur, 4-28 59 11 , 17-1 59-85 587-29 ,, ! 9 Tin, . 16-75 , 9 , , j 226 18-835 Gradeiiwitz 226 10-543 } > ) ' * 240 6-988 35-9 352-28 Ripples Grunmach 226 17-87 62-43 612-61 Flattened drops Siedentopf 277 6-947 17-72 61-56 604-07 55 99 ' 290 6-937 17-66 61-26 601-12 99 432 6-824 17-58 59-99 588-66 95 9 9 513 6759 17-026 j 57-54 564-62 J} 9 9 Zinc, .... Rose's alloy, 145 25-41 35-0 343-45 Falling drops Ripples Quincke Grunmach Wood's 145 34-5 338-54 55 ,, Lipowitz's alloy, 160 33-4 327-74 99 9 ) PbSn 3 , 215 39-4 386-62 ,, ,, 80%Sn + 20%Bi, 195 225 15-9 15-498 Flattened drops Ripples Siedentopf Grunmach t 339 15-306 >9 19 62-5% Sn + 37-5% Bi, '. 140 14-6 ,5 9 1 555 266 14-368 19 J 99 55 * 407 14-123 ,, , 531% Sn + 46-9% Bi, . 140 13'4 9 9 > 175 13-34 9 1 296 13-136 , , 37% Sn. + 63%Bi, -. 140 12-25 99 > 242 11-953 9 99 95 55 * 373 11-681 ,, 9 9 19'7%Sn + 80-3%Bi, . 225 10-6 ) 9 99 281 10-514 ,, 99 55 9 J 5 Cane sugar, 417 10-282 8-53 99 Drops 9) Quincke Grape sugar, 9 > ii Pectin sugar, 9-18 59 " Spermaceti, 7 "89 95 99 Paraffin, 8'14 95 5 9 Wax, .... 7-06 II II Glass, 15-57 ,, 59 Barium chloride, 8-29 99 99 Borax, 17-28 5> 9 Boron oxide, 9-86 II 9 Calcium chloride, 9'49 99 9 Lithium carbonate, 7'39 99 ' Lithium chloride, Potassium acetate, 8-53 4-363 4-519 42-81 44-34 9 9 9 > Traube 99 5? 55 778 TABLE LXXIi. continued. o PH~ Specific /y2 a. vr ft, nf 3 j Substance. II Gravity. dr. mgms./mm. dynes/cm. ivietnoci. Authority. Potassium arsenate (meta), . 15-426 151-37 Drops Traube , , bromate, . 9-739 95-57 ii ii ,, bromide, . 9-505 93-40 > 4-49 ;j Quincke , carbonate, . 17-140 168*19 Traube > i 16-33 (J Quincke > y 9 * 14-82 j i 9 y , chlorate, 9-038 88-69 J , Traube , chloride, . 10-284 101-91 ii > 876 Quiucke , chromate, . 13-868 136-08 j J Traube , dichromate, 13-790 135-32 , trichromate, 13-400 131-49 || , cyanate, . 12-232 120-03 f , cyanide, 10-050 98-62 J ?> , fluoride, 14-569 142-96 ) 9 , formate, 7713 75-69 j , , iodide, 8-726 85-63 i 4-84 , Quincke , molybdate, 15-426 151-37 Traube , nitrate, 11-141 109-32 t ii > 8-35 Quincke , nitrite, 11-219 110-09 Traube ,, phosphate (meta), . 14-335 140-56 j ) , , phosphate (pyro), . 17-997 176-60 ,, seleno- cyanate, . 3-584 3517 }j > ) ,, silicate, 13-089 128-44 ' ,, sulphate, . 17-35 , , Quincke > 15-92 , M ,, thiocyanate, 10-829 106-26 Traube ,, tungstate, . 13-245 129-97 ' Silver bromide, . 4 Quincke ,, chloride, . 8-18 Sodium acetate, . 4-051 39-75 I Traube arsenate, 19-166 188-07 9 ) am. -phosphate, 1679 Quincke borate, . 18-231 178-89 , Traube bromide, 10-752 105-51 5> 4-08 Quincke carbonate, 17-88 ( || j 16-24 9 9 21-503 211-00 Traube chlorate, 9-583 94-03 chloride, 11-842 116-20 | \\ 8-41 j Quincke chromate, 19-088 187-30 Traube dichromate, . 15-192 149-07 cyanide, 11-141 109-32 [I 1 i formate, 7-869 77-22 molybdate, 18-075 177-36 , , 9 9 nitrate, . H'842 116-20 ,, - . 8-55 II Quincke 779 S o a. QH 1-vc; f O T* PP -K> Specific 2 \r A v j oUU.SLdiilLc. a 2 Gravity. cc- Method. Authority. EH* mgms/mm. dynes/cm. Sodium nitrite, . metaphosphate, 12-544 17763 123-09 174-30 Drops Traube pyrophosphate, 25-321 248-47 propionate, 2-259 22-17 3 > 2-462 24-16 stearate, T465 14-38 sulphate, 18-854 185-01 5J 17-64 Quincke tungstate, 20-178 198-00 Traube ditungstate, 14725 144-49 valerate, 1-417 13-90 vanadate, 20-101 197-24 Strontium chloride, 8-18 Quincke Quincke suggested that for all substances at or near their solidifying points, and he gives, 0,2 = 11 x 4-3 ; for Se, Br, S, P, JtfaBr, KBr, AgBr, and KI ; experimental results range from 3-42 to 4-84 : n=2 for Hg, Pb, Bi, Sb, NaN0 8 , KN0 3 , LiCl, NaCl, KC1, CaCl 2 , SrCl 2 , Ba01 2 , AgCI, cane sugar, grape sugar, pectin sugar, spermaceti, paraffin, and wax ; experimental results range from 7-18 to 9'49; rc = 4 for Pt, Cd, Sn, Au, Ag, Cu, Li 2 C0 3 , Na 2 C0 3 , K 2 C0 3 , Na 2 S0 4 , K 2 S0 4 , microcosmic salt, borax, glass, and water; experimental results range from 14*8 to 17*9 ; for Pd, Zn, and cast iron; experimental results range from 25'3 to 27'1 : n= 12 for Na ; experiment gave 53 instead of 51*6 ; = 20 for K ; experiment gave 85'7 instead of 86. Traube's numbers (Ber., xxiv. p. 3074 et seq.) have been employed to calculate the values of a on the supposition that for water at C., a = 7'791, more closely approximate to the results of the drop method than 7 '6 given by him. Siedeutopf obtained his results by accurately determining the radius of a flattened drop (T) and the radius of curvature of the drop surface (p), and calculating by means of the following formula where x = and l-0178a> + i Jl - 16(* - f ) 780 If a- = density of the molten substance, then. medium in which the capillary surface is formed, a-a*( 48-4 44-5 Moist air, . Carbon dioxide, . Atmospheric pressure j) ) 19 49-4 49-0 43-7 44-4 Oxygen, . 5 J 23 48-7 44-0 j) 30 mm. j j 48-4 44-0 Nitrogen, . Atmospheric pressure 16 49-8 44-6 M ... 10 mm. j) 49-9 44-6 784 The diminution in the value of the surface tension takes place very rapidly in hydrogen, but slowly in the comparatively inert nitrogen. G. Meyer sought to eliminate the effect of gaseous condensation by measuring the waves on a jet of mercury projected into various gases. He obtained the following values for a : In air, . oxygen, ,, nitrogen, ,, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, 51 '5 mgm./mm. 51-4 50-5 49-6 56-5 These are much higher than Stockle's initial values, the reason being that Meyer's measurements were made with an absolutely clean surface of mercury, while in the other case a short time must elapse before any measurement could be made, arid a certain amount of surface contamination must have occurred. P. Volkmann, experimenting in moist air, under a pressure of 750 millimetres of ice- cold mercury, obtained the following results with pure water at various temperatures : Values of a. tC. a- p. Value of a 2 . Mgms./mm. Dynes/cm. 0-99860 7-683 75-40 15-388 2-5 872 653 75-11 326 5 874 623 74-82 265 6 873 602 74-61 223 7-5 867 580 74-39 180 10 850 543 74-03 109 12-5 826 506 73-67 038 15 793 469 73-30 14-969 17-5 753 432 72-94 901 20 706 395 72-57 834 22-5 652 356 72-20 764 25 592 317 71-81 694 30 454 236 71-02 551 35 30 15 70-2 40 40 13 08 69-5 29 For anilin he gets 12-5 1-0272 4-55 44-7 8-87 17 5 1-0228 4-49 44-1 8-78 For benzol 12-5 0-88701 3-044 29-86 6-864 17-5 88173 2-971 29-16 6-739 And for toluol 12-5 0-86964 2-962 29-07 6-813 17 -5 86512 2-906 28-52 6-719 For most liquids cr and p differ so widely, at anything like ordinary temperature and under ordinary atmospheric pressure, that p may be left out of our calculations without 785 causing any appreciable error ; but under increased pressures and at increased temperatures, more especially when approximating to the " critical state," it must be taken into account. A. van Edlip determined the height (H) to which a mixture of ethylene (critical tempera- ture about 10 C. and critical pressure about 51 atmospheres) and methyl chloride (critical temperature about 142 C. and critical pressure about 73 atmospheres) would, under various conditions, ascend in a tube whose radius was O'l mm. rc. Pressure in Atmospheres. H. tC. Pressure in Atmospheres. H. 10-4 3-60 39-33 23-00 5-25 36-00 10-2 15-30 30-13 23 -14 20-62 25-16 10 -4 19-54 29-96 23 -08 26-45 23-20 10 -6 23-61 23-50 23 -15 30-64 18-50 10 -3 29-50 19-64 23 -05 35-20 15-53 10 "2 32-17 17-74 23 -15 40-71 12-40 10 -3 37-92 14-24 23 -07 41-56 11-79 10 -2 39-65 13-49 23 -00 43-26 10-92 10 -4 44-05 10-55 23 -02 45-85 9-71 10 -3 46-28 8-67 23 -07 50-74 7-39 10 -4 49-10 6-55 23 -07 52-84 6-20 10 '2 52-04 3-63 23 -00 54-11 4-92 10 '3 55-20 23 -00 59-15 + 0-09 TABLE LXXlL. Relations between Surface Tension and various other Physical Properties. Rontgen and Schneider investigated the relations between surface tension and com- pressibility, and they gave the following values for the " relative compressibility " of the various solutions whose surface tensions have already been given on page 759. Relative Relative Substance in Solution. Compressibility. Substance in Solution. Compressibility. 07 Normal. 5 Normal. 0'7 Normal. 1 '5 Normal. Hydrogen nitrate, 0-990 0-980 Lithium sulphate, 827 682 ,, bromide, . 986 972 Sodium iodide, . 939 892 ,, chloride, . 976 954 , nitrate, . 934 878 Water, 1-000 1-000 , bromide, 932 870 Hydrogen sulphate, . Ammonium iodide, . 0-984 979 0-942 960 , chloride, , hydroxide, . 922 875 849 761 ,, nitrate, . 976 953 , sulphate, 817 ,, bromide, . 973 951 , carbonate, 801 644 chloride, . 961 933 Potassium iodide, 954 913 hydroxide, sulphate, . 1-010 0-887 1-009 0-808 nitrate, ,, bromide, . 948 947 901 894 7 J XT * Lithium iodide, . 955 918 chloride, . 931 872 ,, nitrate, 945 893 hydroxide,. 884 779 ,, bromide, 943 887 ,, sulphate, . 828 ,, chloride, 933 868 carbonate, . 813 669 hydroxide, . 888 782 786 They give the empirical equation where K denotes Laplace's constant ; ft ,, the compressibility; V the volume at t C. under 1 atmosphere pressure of 1 kgm. of the vapour of the liquid concerned ; v the volume of 1 kgm. of the liquid or solution at t C. TABLE LXXlM. The following table gives the actual experimental results obtained by those investi- gators, as far as density, compressibility, etc., are concerned ; unfortunately they have not given us the results referring to surface tension. m molecular weight of the dissolved substance ; p = percentage of substance in the solution ; n = number (relative) of molecules of substance to 1 grm. of water = ' ' d = density of solution at t C. c = relative compressibility detemined at t l C. in 100 -p > Substance dissolved. m. p. n. d. rc. C. t\ C. Hydrogen nitrate, 62-89 8-84 1542 1-0458 17-9 0-958 17-92 4-21 697 0212 17 -9 981 94 bromide, 80-76 10-77 1495 0781 18 -0 960 72 5-23 684 0368 18 -0 981 81 chloride, 36-37 5-24 1520 0244 18 -0 948 98 2-51 707 0111 17 -9 974 50 Water, .... 17-96 0-9987 18 -0 1-000 18 -00 Hydrogen sulphate, 97-82 12-70 1487 1-0857 18 -1 0-921 17 -98 6-57 719 0420 18 -0 969 72 Ammonium iodide, 144-55 17-77 1495 1285 18 -0 910 59 9-14 696 0620 18-0 954 61 nitrate, 79-90 12-60 1804 0529 18 -0 893 94 10-87 1526 0452 18-0 906 18 -30 6-23 834 0255 18 -0 945 17 -68 5-26 695 0211 18 -0 954 75 bromide, . 97-77 12-81 1503 0745 18 -0 910 91 6-41 701 0357 18 -0 953 94 787 TABLE LXXlM. continued. Substance. in. P- n. d. tC. c. CO. Ammonium chloride, . 53-38 7-23 1459 1-0210 ir-9 0-903 17-91 3-51 682 0096 18 -0 946 79 hydroxide, 34-97 4-66 1400 0-9889 18 -0 974 64 2-30 672 9938 18 -0 992 91 ,, sulphate, . 131-84 16-22 1562 s 1-0968 18 -0 732 78 8-74 726 1 0495 18 -0 849 81 Lithium iodide, 133-55 16-63 1494 1380 18 -0 888 88 8-49 695 0656 18 -0 940 88 ,, nitrate, . 68-90 9-29 1486 0554 18 -0 871 82 4-35 694 0264 18 -0 935 81 ,, bromide, 86-77 11-78 1539 0895 18 -0 866 64 5-84 715 0422 18 -0 933 71 chloride, 42-38 6-07 1524 0339 18 -0 856 88 2-93 712 0160 18 -0 927 90 ,, hydroxide, 23-97 3-39 1464 0380 18 -0 ! 798 82 1-61 684 0178 18 -0 897 18-04 sulphate, 109-86 14-16 1502 1249 18 -1 655 18 -16 7-14 700 0601 18 -1 813 17 -78 Sodium iodide, . . . 149-54 18-75 1542 1647 18 -1 859 17 -99 9-51 703 0781 18 -1 924 18 -00 ,, nitrate, . 84-89 11-41 1517 0791 17 -9 851 17 -87 10-38 1364 868 52 5-70 719 0383 18 -1 920 79 bromide, . 102-76 13-44 1511 1119 18 -0 850 69 6-87 718 0541 18 -1 921 82 ,, chloride, . 58-37 8-27 1544 0585 18 -0 833 95 4'05 724 0278 18 -1 914 18 13 ,, hydroxide, 39-96 5-70 1513 0634 18 -1 768 17-68 2-74 705 0298 18 -0 880 17 -78 sulphate, . 141-82 10-22 706 0829 18 -0 802 18 -35 ,, carbonate, 105-85 13-78 1510 1460 17-9 629 17 -59 6-94 704 0716 18 -0 796 99 Potassium iodide, 165-57 19-70 1482 1646 18 871 85 10-27 691 0794 18 -1 933 ! 66 nitrate, 100-92 12-84 1480 0836 18-0 865 76 6'45 684 0405 18 -1 932 18 -00 ,, bromide, 118-79 14-90 1474 1156 18 -0 864 03 13-93 1362 1041 18 -0 872 13 7'68 700 0545 18-0 930 05 ,, chloride, 74-40 9-90 1479 0636 18 -1 850 09 4-88 690 0300 18 -0 920 17 -92 ,, hydroxide, . 55-99 7-72 1475 0697 18 -0 780 81 3'71 688 0330 18 -0 886 74 ,, sulphate, 173-88 9-30 589 0764 18-0 834 61 ,, carbonate, . . 137-91 16-94 1479 1577 18 -0 642 81 8-69 690 0778 18-0 801 18-03 788 TABLE LXXlN. With the hydrocarbons C n H 2n+2 Bartoli found that is very nearly constant, when c = specific heat of the liquid substance. Formula. rex v ,, c. Range of c. C 6 H 14 11 5-938 0-6863 0-5042 16 C. to 37 C. C 7 H 16 12 6-640 7296 4841 17 50 C r H 16 12 6-627 7202 4869 18 51 11 6-717 7375 5111 12 19 C 9 H 20 14 6-757 7513 5015 13 18 13 6-904 7617 5058 14 18 C H 9 14 6-965 7718 5032 14 19 C H 13 7-106 7826 5065 14 20 C H 9 14 7-190 7922 4987 15 21 C H 13 7-252 8040 4995 14 21 C H 9 13-3 7-366 8137 4991 15 21 C 16 H 34 14 7-416 8200 4964 15 22 a 2 /Cff. 17-160 18-980 18-900 17-820 17-930 17-920 17-930 17-930 18-200 18-060 18-135 18-220 TABLE LXXIo. Surface Tension, Critical Temperature, Molecular Dimensions, etc. Eotvbs has shown that for many liquids d(av$)/dt is a magnitude independent both of the nature of the liquid and of the temperature, v denoting the " molecular volume " of the liquid, i.e. the molecular weight divided by the density ; or "the rate of variation with the temperature of the product of the surface tension of a liquid by its molecular domain raised to the power ^ is the same for all liquids." From this it follows that if denote the temperature at which a, and consequent aw, = 0, then, Ramsay puts this equation in a slightly different form- at;! =&(- d -*)= *(T - d), where $ is the critical temperature, d a constant, and r = $ t, or the temperature reckoned downwards from the critical temperature. When pretty close to the critical temperature the equation given by Rose-Inn es (where X = a constant not differing widely from 0-03), yields results more in accordance with experimental ones. Eotvos found Therefore d(av*}[dt= k = 0'227, when a is given in mgms./mm. = -2'227 when a is given in dynes/cm. avi = 2-227(<9 -*) 2-227( -d-t} = 2'227(r - d). As ?; = M/cr, this last equation gives us M = 789 giving us a method for determining the molecular weight of a liquid body from its surface tension. For this purpose we need not determine 0, r or d experimentally; determinations of a at two or three temperatures will supply us with all the data we require for our calcu- lations. If we knew the true values of M and -A Calculated. Found. Calculate.!. Found. 18-45 U 137 45 136 4-9 5-5 8-5 7-7 11-9 9-0 9-5 9-6 11-8 12*3 13'5 5-5 20-3 19-9 14-5 6-8 19-8 19-9 18'5 4-0 29-3 28-8 24-f) 3-4 38-2 39-0 28-5 2-0 48-3 48-6 34-5 1-7 58-2 58-6 38-5 1-0 68-3 68-7 44-5 0-9 79-1 78-7 48-5 0-5 88'9 89-0 545 0-4 100-3 100-4 58-5 0-3 109-7 110-1 64-5 0-2 121-8 122-0 68-5 o-i 130-6 131-0 74-5 0-1 143-4 143-6 78-5 o-i 151-6 151-9 84-5 0-05 165-1 165-3 791 Methyl Formate. A = 0'044. Ethyl Acetate. A. = 0'0312. J. J. Calculated. Found. Calculated. Found. 14-9 12-1 6 9-7 8-1 7-2 4 8-1 4-2 4-0 11 6-8 16-4 15-9 14 2-9 19-4 19-2 21 3-3 35-1 55-7 24 1-1 38-1 37-7 31 1-6 557 56-8 34 0-4 57-8 57-3 41 0-8 77-1 78-4 44 o-i 77-9 76-9 51 0-4 99-0 98-9 61 0-2 121-0 120-4 71 o-i 143-2 143-0 The simpler formula ay = k(r - d) gives numbers that do not nearly agree with the experimental results when r is less then 44"5 for methyl oxide, 14 for methyl formate, 38'5 for benzol, or 41 for ethyl acetate : thus with the first substance if T =14'5 we get, according to the formula, av$=13 instead of 19*9 as given by experiment, while avi is according to the formula- 8*7 when T is 4"5. As v* is proportional to the mean linear distance between the molecules, nv* will represent an area containing n molecules, or rather on which n molecules lie, and if p represent the vapour pressure on a unit area, pntfl will represent the total vapour pressure on such a surface. Further, mvl represents a line on which lie ra molecules, arid the total surface tension across a line will be amv^. Eotvos assumes that for any two liquids or According to van der Waals, when two substances are in the " corresponding states," (Y denoting the molecular volume of a substance in the state of vapour such conditions therefore we get . Under This, like most equations relating to " corresponding states," gives good results when compounds of analogous chemical structure are compared, but breaks down pretty thoroughly if we attempt to apply it to substances belonging to totally different chemical classes ; e.g. benzol and alcohol, or benzol and ether. 792 This quantity avl many be termed "molecular superficial energy": its temperature coefficient k, according to Dutoit and Friederich, does not vary with the temperature in "normal " liquids but does so in " abnormal " ones. They give the following values for k : Metaxylol, Mesitylene, Durol, Pentamethyl benzol, Hexane, . Diphenyl, Naphthalin, Diphenylmethane, Anilin, Methylanilin, . Ethylanilin, Dimethylanilin, Diethylanilin, . Orthotoluidin, . 2-10 2-15 2'i4 2-165 2-11 2-22 2-29 2'23 1-60 to 2-05 1-99 to 2-08 2-22 2-39 2-34 2-05 Paratoluidin, JDi inethy l-o. -toluidin , Diphenyl-amine, Pyridin, . Quinolin, Acetonitril, 16 to 90 C., . Propoionitril, 13 to 76, . Butyronitril, 17 to 96, . Paratoluol, 57 to 180, Diphenyl-ethane (sym.), Acetone, . Methyl-ethyl-ketone, Acetophenone, Benzophenone, 1-72 2-49 2-57 2-17 2-43 J-50 to 1-56 1-67 to 1-74 1-89 1-88 to 2-05 2-49 1-83 1-85 2-14 2-63 Verschaffelt finds that for Liquid C0 2 between - 24'3 and + 8'9 C., k = 2'223 ; + 8-9 15-2C., =2-222; N 2 -24 + 14-4C., =2-198. Eotvos's original idea seems to have been that as with normal gases, at temperatures equally removed from the absolute zero, the product of the pressure by the molecular volume is the same for all gases, so for all normal liquids, at temperatures equally removed from their critical points, the product of the surface energy by the molecular area is the same for all liquids. As shown by Ramsay and his fellow-workers, this can at best be looked upon as a very rough approximation to the truth, and even the final value of k adopted by these investigators is far too low. For liquids where " association " is entirely absent, k should be of the maximum value, and, unless we suppose that some liquids contain a fair proportion of associated molecules, we must set this value nearer to 2 '500 than 2' 121. Guye and Baud investigated this question in connection with some twelve substances, and the results of their investigations are given. The last two columns in the following table give the values of k and x as calculated by the compiler from the data obtained by these Genevan investigators ; their methods of computation seemed in some respects undesirable. TABLE LXXlQ. Values of a, A-, x. etc. (Guye and Baud.) fc. X. Substance. tc. "V a f i a { V . k. X. (k taken = 2 '4. Dynes/cm. \ Phenetol, . 19'2C. 0-9672 32-60 819-91 2-362 1-02 C 6 H 5 .OC H 5 , 63 -6 9249 27-25 706-1 2-563 0-75 2-332 1-04 JE=122, , 108 7 8818 22-00 607-2 2-376 0-84 2-357 1-03 152 -4 8380 18-22 504-22 2-370 0-94 2-357 1-03 Anisol, 9 1-0022 35-48 803-45 2-142 1-19 C fi H 5 .OCH 3 , 54 '6 0-9610 30-36 695-90 2-358 0-85 2-112 1-21 $=108,: 98 -8 9178 24-8 595-5 2-315 0-87 2-088 1-23 152 -9 8622 19-28 482-56 2-009 0-92 2-088 1-23 793 TABLE LXXlQ. continued. k. X. Substance. / 3 P 7 v (Tf a f . a^V . K. X. (k taken = 2-4.) Dynes/cm. Ethyl acetate, . 9-5 0-9137 24-71 519-16 1-944 1-37 CH S COOC 2 H 5 , . 55 -6 8566 18-82 413 2-302 0-88 1-869 1-46 JH = 88, . 77 8286 16-63 373 2-165 0-96 1-869 1-46 Nitrobenzol, 9 -4 1-209 43-8 954-5 2-084 1-24 C 6 H 6 N0 2f 55 -5 1680 38-41 856-54 2-124 0-99 2-079 1-24 JE = 123,. 99 -8 1240 33-26 760-9 2-165 0-96 2-070 1-25 153 0625 27-4 650-8 2-114 1-01 2070 1-25 Metacresol, 9 0702 38-78 840-6 1-877 1-45 OHC 6 H 4 .CH 3 , . . 55 -4 0052 32-98 745-3 2-053 1-05 1-857 1-47 JE=108, . 98 -7 0-9695 29-29 678-1 1-811 1-26 1-893 1-43 153 -1 0-9217 24-02 575-1 1-842 1-23 1-893 1-43 Benzonitril, 8 1-0157 39-61 861-4 2-105 1-22 C 6 H 5 .CN, . 54 -9 0-9726 33-82 757-0 2-226 0-93 2-089 1-23 jft= 103, 99 -1 9388 29-30 673-9 2-068 1-04 2-118 1-21 152 -4 8848 23-53 5610 2-080 1-02 2-118 1-21 Valeroxime, 16 -2 8958 27-28 636-66 1-659 1-80 C 4 H 9 .CH : N.OH, . 55 '4 8608 23-58 565-12 1-825 1-25 1-741 1-62 jtt=101, . 106 -4 8144 19-40 482-44 1-709 1-39 1-763 1-59 152 -2 7715 15-58 401-70 1-727 1-35 1-763 1-59 Methylethyl-ketoxime, ^ >C : N.OH, . | 13-8 9263 29-30 605-40 1-747 1-61 |tt= 5 87, . . .150 -4 7963 16-05 366-81 1-746 1-33 1-747 1-61 Phenylurethane, 63 -8 1-0780 34-17 857-09 2-152 1-18 C 6 H 5 OCO]S T H 2 , . 108 -8 1-0388 30-68 794-90 1-382 1-90 2-25 1-10 JE=137, . . .152-8 0-9990 26-17 695-9 1-810 1-26 2-25 Methylurethane, . 55 "9 1-1358 37-49 612-47 1-552 1-92 CH 8 OCONH , . . 101 -2 1-0872 32-2 541-6 1-564 1-57 1-550 1-93 |E = 75, . . .150-9 1-0334 26-70 464-55 1-557 1-58 1-550 Ethylurethane, . . 65 '1 1-0395 30-26 587-81 1-564 1-90 C 9 H 5 OCONH 2 , . . 107 -6 1-0006 26-30 524-06 1-500 1-68 1-572 1-89 = 89, . . . 152 -6 0-9509 22-00 453-30 1-537 1-62 1-572 Isopropylurethane, . 65 -5 9951 27-67 610-00 1-479 2-07 C 3 H-OCONH , . . 107 -3 9552 24-18 547-80 1-488 1-701 1-478 207 |K - 103, . . 152 -4 9097 20-56 481-16 1-494 1-691 1-478 As the degree of association is in most cases an indirect function of the temperature, an approximation has been made to the value of $ (= temperature when a 0) from the results obtained at the highest temperatures. From this value of # the values of k for the various temperatures have been calculated by means of the equation av* = k($ - t). These results are given in the eighth column. The values given in column six were obtained for each interval of temperature by the formula k 794 The values of a' given in the seventh column have been computed by means of the formula Log *=1 (log 2- 121 -log/.): those in the ninth column from Log x = A (log 2-4- log k). Anisol and phenetol evidently belong to the class of substances whose " association " tends to increase with a rise of temperature, at least up to a certain point. Dutoit and Friederich give, as a fairly general approximation, where TT = critical pressure, = critical molecular volume, and Q = a constant : for many substances Q is not found to be far from 11*1. For liquefied gases, etc., Verschaffelt finds : a- A (1 -???) B where m=" reduced temperature," i.e. t/$ and A and B are constants. Various values have been assigned to B ; van der Waals puts it= 3/2 ; Ramsay and Shields find B= T23, and Verschaffelt finds B= 1*521. The following values are given : Substance. Log A. Value of B. Carbon dioxide, . . 1'924 Nitrous oxide, . . . 1-945 Carbon tetrachloride, . 1*811 Ethyl oxide, . . . 1'761 Ethyl acetate, . . . 1-810 Benzol, .... 1-839 Chlorbenzol, . . 1*827 1*311 1-33 1-228 1 270 1-230 1-230 1-214 De Keen gives the following equation, r = 0*0 7 215aM/<7, where r denotes the radius of the "sphere of influence " of the liquid molecule; and he calculated the values of r for the following six substances : Water, r= 297 x 10~ 9 cm. Sulphuric acid, 718 , ,, Platinum @ 2000 C., 3727 Silver @ 1000 C., 991 Lead 330 C., 1838 Mercury, 1740 ,, ,, Kistiakowsky gives the following expression for the molecular weight of a liquid, 795 where = Absolute boiling point ; h = Height to which liquid ascends in tube of radius r ; g = Acceleration due to gravitation ; cr = Density of liquid. TABLE LXXlR. Surface Tension and Chemical Constitution. Since 1866, when Mendelejeff made his first attempt, many investigators have sought to trace the relations between the surface tensions of liquids and their chemical con- stitution. One of the most persistent and successful investigators in this direction has been R. Schiff, and it was in connection with this question that he introduced the new constant N( = a/M) into surface tension literature (see Table LXXIr) ; for the sake of convenience Schiff puts N=1000a/M. He found that the influence of all constituent atoms can be expressed in terms of that of one hydrogen atom ; thus the first substance given in the table referred to is hexane, and corresponds to twenty-six hydrogen " equivalents," as every carbon atom corresponds to 2H. We are given the equation 1 LogN = 6-483 - 0-01 68n - log.n ; and in ordinary logarithms Log N = 2-81553 - 0'007296w - log n. This equation gives 16 '2 as the value of N for hexane, and the experimental results obtained by Schiff give 16'1. The values for the various elements, as found by this investigator, are the following : C^2H in nearly all compounds except in free acids. = 3H in free acids. O=3H (oxygen linked to two carbon atoms, and also in several ring complexes, seems to exert no influence, so here 0=OH). C1=7H generally. = 6H when there are several chlorine atoms joined to different carbon atoms ; also in the side chains of benzene compounds. Br=13H. ^11H in ethylene bromide, propylene bromide, and free bromine. Isl9H. N=OH (having no influence) in primary amines. = 1H in secondary amines. = 211 in the tertiary amines. =2H in nitre-groups. =3H in the CN group. S=5'5H. P=5H when trivalent. =4H when pentavalent. It will be readily admitted that the relative values of these elements calculated from surface tension investigations ought to be, at least very nearly, in the same ratios as those computed from the molecular volumes (see Table LXXp, pages G84-686), and it is very 796 interesting to notice how closely the different sets of values agree in this respect. Kopp's values work out very nearly as follows : C=2H. 5N=2H in ammonias (? primary amines). N=3II in cyanides. 5N=8H in nitro derivatives. 50=7H in hydroxyl group. 5O=11H in carboxyl group. P iU <5H (slightly). P V <4H( ). C1>4H. Br>10H. S>5H. Traube's values also show interesting coincidences : C-3H. N=0'5H in ammonias. =3H in cyanides. =2*5H to 3H in nitro derivatives. =4H in tertiary amines. 80= 1H in hydroxyl groups. 0=0'75H when 6 is " extra-radicle." =2H in carboxyl groups. P m =5H ) P V =9H | S=5H. The series 1=1 9H, Br=13H, and C1=7H, might lead us to expect that F would correspond to H ; the volume value of fluorine as found by Thorpe is considerably less than double that assigned to hydrogen. The values of N", computed from Scruffs investigations, are given in Table LXXIr ; it will be seen that they are practically identical for all isomeric substances. Sutherland concluded that " in compounds containing C, O, and H, the molecule may be considered to have a volume to which each atom of H contributes an amount very small in comparison with that contributed by an atom of or C. ... The volume of such a molecule can be expressed in terms of that of a carbon atom, and the parameter A varies inversely as the surface of the molecule." From this and the equation given by Eotvb's he concludes that where k is approximately the same for all liquids. This investigator finds that an atom of oxygen directly linked to two atoms (O 1 ) has the same effect on the molecular volume as two atoms of carbon, while an atom directly united to only one atom (O") has the same effect as three atoms of carbon ; i.e. O [ =2G O U =3C If a molecule contain x atoms of carbon, y atoms O 1 , and z atoms of 0", if we put x + y + z = n, we get molecular volume, v oc n, and av* cc an* ; but wi oc surface of the molecule, and therefore A" 1 y. ri* and An* = a constant ; .*. k Aw? = a constant. 797 Sutherland gives also the following values as approximation for elements other than oxygen : C1=5C or 6C. N=0-8C to 1 C in amines. N=0'6C in N0 2 or NO 3 groups. In cyanides the value of N seems to diminish as the molecular weight of the cyanide increases. Sutherland's numbers do not agree very closely with his theory, but they are very suggestive. They are given below. Substance. Formula. n. fcA. Mean Value of/tA. kAn*. Methyl cyanide, . CH 3 CN 1-094 Allyl amine, NH 2 C,H 5 0-950 Propyl amine, Ethyl cyanide, NH 2 C 3 H r C,H 5 CN 940 864 Propyl cyanide, C 3 H 7 CN 817 Acetone, .... C 3 H 6 0" 80ti Butyl amine, NH 2 C 4 H 9 799 0-794 2-32 Amylene, .... C 5 H 10 5 794 Diethyl amine, NH(C 2 H 5 ) 2 780 Butyl cyanide, C 4 H 9 CN 755 Amyl amine, NH 2 C 5 H U 716 Hexane, .... C 6 H 14 6 0-707 Di-allyl, .... 6 706 Benzol, .... 6 10 C 6 H fi 6 705 0-700 2-31 Pyridine, .... NC 5 H 5 703 Ethyl oxide, C^JyO 1 6 683 Aniline, .... NH 2 C 6 H 5 661 Methyl thiocyanate, . . CH~CNS Ethyl sulphide, . . . C 4 H 10 S 647 634 Methyl nitrite, CH 3 N0 2 0-632 Toluol, .... C T H 8 7 620 0-620 2-27 Phenyl cyanide, . C 6 H 5 CN 601 Triethyl amine, N(C 2 H 5 ) 3 600 Ethyl thiocyanate, C 2 H 6 CNS 0-595 C H 0*0" 8 589 C 8 H 10 8 574 C 8 H 16 8 573 Cuminol, .... C 6 H 12 J 8 568 Furfurol, .... C 4 HoO i HCOH f 565 ! Ethyl nitrite, C 2 H 5 N0 2 565 0-567 2*27 Allyl thiocyanate, . C 3 H 5 (JNS 563 Methyl-amyl ether, Dimethyl acetal, . CH 3 CH(O i CH 1 3 ), 8 560 554 Octane, .... C 8 H 18 8 551 798 TABLE LXXlR. continued. Substance. Formula. n. ^ Mean Value JfcAn 1 . CAOK) 11 9 0-540 Isobutyl chloride, . C 4 H Q C1 525 Dimethyl acetal, . 523 0-525 2-27 Anisol, .... CfiHftC^CHjj 9 521 C 9 H 12 9 515 Allyl acetate, CgHgOiQ" 10 0-503 Epichlorhydrin, CHjClboH.O 495 CrHjoO'O 11 10 495 Carbon disulphide, CS 2 491 Isoamyl chloride, . C 5 H n Cl 491 Ethyl nitrate, C 2 H 5 N0 3 484 ; Decane, .... C 10 H 02 10 473 Phenetol, .... C 6 H 6 CVC;H 5 10 471 0-468 2-17 (~^ TT 10 AA Phenyl nitrite, C 6 H 5 N0 2 1 \J t:\Jl: 463 C H 12 O i O li 11 461 Diethyl acetal, CH 3 CH(O i C 2 H 5 ) 2 10 456 Terpene, .... C 10 H 16 10 450 Benzyl chloride, . C 7 H 7 C1 445 Carvol, .... C 10 H ]4 12? 0-444 Phenyl chloride, . Phenyl thiocyanate, C 6 H 5 C1 C 6 H 5 CNS 440 CfH^C^O" 12 434 0-435 2-28 Resorcin, .... CflH^O'HCEyg 12 431 Autobutyric anhydride, CAO'&H, 12 431 Cuminol, .... C'H O 11 13 0-422 Methyl benzoate, . CgH^COO^CHg 13 417 C 7 H 7 C1 417 0-414 2-29 Ethylene chloride, C 2 H 4 C1 2 412 V>C_tl-ivJ \J 13 402 Propylene chloride, Phosphoryl chloride, C 3 H 6 CU POCl 390 388 Amyl nitrate, C 6 H U N0 3 388 Ethyl benzoate, C H COWC H 14 0-387 0-387 2-25 Paraldehyde, ... C 6 H 12 O s if 15 379 0-379 2-31 Benzoyl chloride, . . . CeH^GCWl 373 Ethyl oxalate, . . . (C 2 H 5 ) 2 C 2 O i 2 O ii 2 16 365 0-365 2-32 Methyl paracresolate, . . C 6 H 3 O i H< /prr \ 362 Ethyl monochloracetate, . C 2 'Hf>\O i O ii C 2 1 S. 5 359 Benzylidene chloride, . . C 6 H 5 CHC1 2 357 Phosphorus sulphorchloride, . PSC1 356 Trichlorethane, . . . CH 2 C1CHC1 2 799 From all these we get as a very fair average result, Sutherland gave the values of kA. for some nineteen other substances ; these are given in the following table with the values of n calculated by the help of the preceding equation. The results indicate that Sutherland's equation is of only a comparatively limited application. The values of n can only be roughly approximate ones. Substance. fcA. n. Br 2 , . 0-104 103 C 2 H 5 Br, . 259 26 C 8 H 7 Br, . 269 25 i-C 3 H 7 Br, . 270 25 C 3 H 5 Br, . 269 25 C 4 H 9 Br, . 271 24 C 5 H n Br, . 270 25 C 6 H 5 Br, . . . 247 28 C 7 H 7 Br, ... 247 28 C 2 H 4 Br 2 , . . 149 60 C 3 H 6 Br 2 , . 149 60 CH 3 I, 150 59 CoHJ 159 54 C 3 H 7 I, . 171 48 t-C 3 H 7 I, . 170 49 C 3 H 5 I,, 170 49 C 4 H 9 I, 176 47 CJLiL 178 46 C fl H 6 I, 168 51 800 TABLE LXXIs. Surface Tension of Solids. From the experimental results obtained by Karmarsch, Quincke calculated the following values for the surface tension of the various metals and alloys : Values of o in 10 3 mgms. Substance. Hard Drawn. Annealed. Iron, 5731 1592 Platinum, 3025 2388 Copper, .... 2388 Silver, . 2388 478 Gold, 1592 478 Zinc, .... 557 Steel, .... 6685 955 German silver, . 6685 1114 Silver (12), 5253 2547 Gold (14 carat), 3661 2228 Brass wire, 2547 1751 ,, threads, . 1751 637 The order which the metnls take in the first column of this table is practically that of their hardness. TABLE LXXlT. Laplace's Constant, K. Laplace's expression for the pressure at a point in the interior of a liquid is H/ 1 1 : where H/2 = a= surface tension ; E, and R x are the principal radii of curvature of the liquid surface ; K = a pressure depending on the nature of the liquid, and always of a very considerable magnitude. Laplace called K the " intrinsic pressure " ; others have called it the " cohesion pressure," or the tensile strength of the absolutely pure liquid. It is virtually the same as a/v 2 in the equation of van der Waals. Dupre has given another interpretation of the magnitude K ; it is the measure of the work required for removing a unit volume of the liquid and distributing its molecules in space so that they can no longer exert any attraction on one another. In short, K = work done in vaporising a unit volume of liquid. Thus the work done in vaporising 1 cm. 3 of water at C. is 25206 mg.-ergs under a pressure of 1 atmo- sphere or 1013793 dynes per cm. 2 , so K for water at C. works out as 24,860 atmospheres. From the total heat of vaporisation we can calculate the value of K for any other liquid. The values obtained in this way, it will be seen, differ considerably from those calculated from van der Waal's equation. Ether, . Alcohol, Carbon disulphide, Water, Ethyl chloride, . Sulphur dioxide, . Carbon dioxide, . Methyl acetate, Diethyl amine, 801 Van der Waal's values for K at C. to 1300 to 1430 atmospheres. 2100 2400 2900 2890 10500 10700 2040 3060 2820 2225 1500 For seven of these we have sufficient data to calculate the approximate value of K from the latent heat, etc., at C. 3 and we get Ether, . Alcohol, Carbon disulphide, Water, . Sulphur dioxide, . Carbon dioxide, Methyl acetate, Value of K. 2880 atmospheres. 7680 4820 24860 5450 2220 4540 It is evident the two methods of calculation must refer to totally difterent magnitudes. If a particle fairly within a liquid i.e. further from the surface than the range of molecular action move towards the surface with a velocity u, it is evident that it cannot cross that surface and escape from the liquid, unless w 2 >4K/o-. 802 TABLE LXXII. (A-H). PHYSICAL TABLE LXXIlA. Boiling Points and Concentration d Weight of Salt dissolved 15 *o NH 4 C1. KCl. NaCl. LiCl. LiCl+2H 2 0. o 3~ AN M Legrand. Gerlach. Legrand. Gerlach. II ! Per cent. Gerlach. Gerlach. Per cent. Bischof. Per cent. Karsten. Gerlach. Skinner. 100 -5 4-7 4-9 4-4 3-4 100 -6 100 -8 5 100 -9 5 101 7'8 6-5 9-0 9-2 7-7 6-6 3'5 3-38 6-67 6-5 101 -1 5 101 -5 13-2 13-1 10-8 9-6 5 101 -6 101 -75 10 101 -9 10 102 13-9 12-8 17-1 167 13-4 12-4 7 6-54 1376 13 102 -38 10 102 -5 20-9 20-1 15-9 14-9 103 19-7 19-0 24-5 23-4 15 18'3 17'2 10 20-19 19'5 103 -03 10 103 -3 ' 15 103 -5 28-0 267 20-7 19-4 103 -83 15 104 25-2 24-7 31-4 29-9 23-1 21-5 12-5 25-84 26 104 -4 104-5 34-6 33-1 25-5 23-5 104-6 20 104 -63 15 105 30-5 29'7 37-8 36-2 277 25-5 15 13-04 3177 32 105 -3 20 105 -46 20 105 -5 41-0 39-3 29-8 27-5 106 357 34-6 44-2 42 4 81-8 29-5 17-5 37-99 106 -2 106 -26 20 106 -5 47-4 45-5 33-9 31-5 106 -6 25 106 7 107 41-3 39-6 50-5 48-4 35-8 33'5 20 16-6 44-49 107 -27 25 107 -5 537 51-5 37-7 35-5 107 -6 25 107 -93 25 108 47-3 45-0 56-9 54-5 39-7 37-5 22 50 108 -3 59-4 108 -4 41-2 108 -5 57-4 39-5 108 -8 40-7 109 53-5 50-6 24 557 110 59-9 56-2 26 61-7 62 111 66-4 61-9 28 21-8 67-9 67-6 112 73-3 67-8 30 74-4 113 80-5 74-2 ! 32 81-2 114 88-1 81-3 33-5 86-5 114 2 88-9 114-8 87-1 115 35 92-0 92 115 -6 116 36-5 977 117 38 1037 117 -45 117 -5 118 39-5 109-8 118 -8 803 PROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS. of Aqueous Solutions. 1. Chlorides. in 100 parts of Water. MgCl 2 . MgCl 2 +6H 2 O. CaCl 2 . m CO 4- SrCl 2 . f8$5. BaCl 2 . 1 H 7-59 "3 S sg Si 11 |l ! t-t o ! S3 00 1 d c 1 o s > 3( M B Weight of Salt dissolved in 100 parts of Water. I Various. W rH 2 Gerlach. rH CO TH 1O *> ^ f~ rH. IO C3 CO ~S rH .OO rH 00 OS OS 1 Gerlach. ip cq 10 ip ip ip ip t^ IO CO rH O ^. CO TH CO CN rH O rH TH CO rH (N CO CO Tfl IO CO t^ OO O OJ TH CO OO rH rH rH rH rH 10 CO CN CN Legrand. - CO t^ OS CO OO OS CO OO is* t^ t^ I ^ t-* OO OO 10 CC 1 Gerlach. O O O rHOJ CO T 1OCOCOOC- COOvOdCO rH rH rH Legrand. o eo -* co *< co TH os os TH T O OrHMCOiO t--. OSrHTfl rH (NCOTHIOCO t^ COOrH CO . i 1 l>- OOCOOOS CO^rHOOCO T 'CO TttCOOStOCO OTttOS^O t^-H O I CO COlOt^OSC-1 MSOOOOSt^ kOOS rH CO OS kO t^.t>- OO OO OS tO to tO kO to kO to to to to tO tO to tO CO 00 to CO O ^ tO CO rH O OO !>. CO to -^ * CO CO rj< 4t< to CO t^ OS O C* Tt< OOrHCOCO COr}. t^-OOOSOrH COCO-^kOCO I-.OOOSOCO CO 1 ^ **^ CN &4 GO w^ CN CO (M CO GO UN CO C^l CO CO CO GQ CO wj vj vj ~ vj *J ^Ct 1 00 CO to OO rH rH rH rH CO ^ rH t^. rH rH %%%% 00 O CO ^t^. OSCOtO OOrH -.CO rHCO OOOS OCOCO 'srlCO *-OOO rHCO tOCO * CO 1>- O CO CO 00 CO CO CO t*** oo o kO OO i 1 CO CO CO i-H CO co to CO * CO CO -tf tO rH rH rH CO rH -* t^ CO OO OS O rH i-H rH CO i 3 rH T 1 rH CO OO CO tO tO CD 00 O CO b-OO O rH rH rH CO CO 00 CO Tj< tO 00 C-T <* to t^. t - CO OO tO CO r-i OS rji CO OO O rH CO CO CO CO CO t>.COCOCOt>- OS'-''^t s O ^ICOCOOStO COOSt>.tOCO COCOCO^tO >.OS COtOI>-.OSrH COCOOOOCO tOt^.OCOtO OOrHCOCOOS COkOOOrHi CO CO CO CO T)* ^* Tj^ Tt^ tO to tO tO CO CO CO CO t** t** {* !> OO OO OO OS OS OS O OS ^ ^ ^ oo CO CO-*CO tOtOCOkOtOtOtO CO CO 00 IO t- 00 rH rH rH T* f-H 00 CO CO (N CO CO *> rH tO CO CO CO COO t^t^O 10 to 000 oJoO " rH rH kO kO to rH ^ CO T*< 5 rH rH rH 05 ib eo t^ oo as SS^Sc^ 808 o * I X ? X PQ y I i "S I .2 i I | 1 *o I I s Various. Gerlach. 1 Various. Gerlach. ! i Various. Gerlach. Ca(N0 3 > 2 +2H 2 i g Gerlach. oo

-t>.l>- 00 ^ ( O CDOO5g i 1 Legrand. CO CO ** ^- IQ CO * t>-ooocot^c i < i I r-l r 1 i-H T-* W S B. P. of Solution. *C. (MOO'f U3CDt>OOO5 OiHNCO^I lOCOt^QOOS OOOO OOOO 10 10 O 10 O 10 CD tO CD CC CD CO CD b CD CD J> 00 OJ rH CQ 00 ** 809 .s o "o o -u K 3 A1 2 (S0 4 ) 4 + 24H 2 ip op o CO b- r-H CO l-H T-H , cq cq CO O CO O5 M< CO O T-H C1 OS 8 K 2 A1 2 (S0 4 ) 4 p cq oo co b~ O AH AH r-H CO <* IO ^Ht- t- OS b- cc OS OS S O 00 CO CO CO CO O l^ CO O CO b- GO OS OS O I-H i i l-H i-H i-H CuS0 4 + 5H 2 OO CO (M OS CO J>" ^D C^l 1C O 00 l-H r 1 IO OS o cq cq cq CuS0 4 co as p cq r { CO OO ^O O P p 00 CO OS J_ GO b- 00 00 MnS0 4 + 4H 2 cq 10 oo cq T-H MnS0 4 i-H i-H Cq OS b- cq co oo l-H CO ^ IO 00 co FeS0 4 + 7H 2 oo oo oo CO GO O I-H FeS0 4 t -^ o co i i CO lO *O ZnS0 4 + 7H 2 id KT5 IO cc 10 oo ib crq 10 oo s.NaOH. 1-345 37 69-0 24-20 31-22 326 420 20-32 26-21 357 38 71-4 25-17 32-47 342 441 21-32 27-51 370 39 74-0 26-12 33-69 359 462 22-34 28-82 383 40 76-6 27-10 34-96 375 483 23-40 30-18 397 41 79-4 28-10 36-25 392 506 24-51 31-61 410 42 82-0 29-05 37-47 410 528 25-57 32-98 424 43 84-8 30-08 38-80 428 553 26-74 34-49 438 44 87-6 31-00 39-99 446 575 27-83 35-90 453 45 90-6 32-10 41-41 466 602 2912 37-56 468 46 93-6 33-20 42-83 487 629 30-43 39-25 483 47 96-6 34-40 44-38 510 658 31-85 41-07 498 48 99-6 35-79 46-15 535 691 33-47 43-18 514 49 102-8 36-90 47-60 559 721 34-88 44-99 530 50 106-0 38-00 49-02 581 750 36-29 46-82 820 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 7. Density, etc., of Caustic Soda Solutions at 15 C. (Water at 4 C. = l.) (Pickering.) By dividing the number representing " Grammes per litre " by 100 we get practically " Pounds avoirdupois per gallon." Percent. NaOH. Density. Grammes NaOH per litre. Pounds Av. NaOH per cubic foot. Percent. NaOH. | Density. Grammes NaOH per litre. Pounds Av. NaOH per cubic foot. 0-999180 26 1-287990 334-877 20-91 1 1-010611 10-106 0-63 27 298877 350-697 21-98 2 021920 20-438 1-28 28 309708 366-718 22-89 3 033109 30-993 1-93 29 320496 382-944 23-90 4 044317 41-773 2-61 30 331213 399-364 24-93 5 055463 52-773 3-29 31 341879 415-982 25-97 6 066602 63-996 3-99 32 352472 432-791 27-02 7 077733 75-441 4-71 33 362991 449-787 28-08 8 088856 87-108 5-44 34 373453 466-974 29-15 9 099969 98-997 6-24 35 383815 484-335 30-24 10 111069 111-107 6-94 36 394092 501-873 31-33 11 122165 123-538 7-71 37 404279 519-583 32-44 12 133250 135-990 8-49 38 414363 537-438 33-55 13 144353 148-766 9-29 39 424353 555-497 34-68 14 155450 161-763 10-10 40 434299 573-719 35-82 15 166538 174-980 10-93 41 444161 592-106 36-96 16 177619 188-319 11-77 42 453929 610-640 38-12 17 188707 202-280 12-63 43 463623 629-358 39-29 18 199783 215-961 13-48 44 473249 648-230 40-47 19 210861 230-064 14-36 45 4*2850 667-282 41-66 20 221933 244-387 15-26 46 492406 686-517 42-86 21 233062 258-943 16-16 47 501927 705-906 44-07 22 244119 273-706 17-08 48 511412 725-478 45-29 23 255134 288-681 18-02 49 520868 745-225 46-52 24 266092 303-862 18-97 50 530282 765-141 47-77 25 277063 319-266 19-93 - Hager found that with 10*19% NaOH the sp. gr. changes 0-0002 for each degree change of temperature. 0-0003 0-0004 20-29 30-39 40-50 Kohlrausch gives for NaOH solutions at 15 C. : 0-00045 Hager gives for Na 2 solutions at 15 C. : Percentage NaOH. Sp. Gr. Percentage NaOH. Sp. Gr. 2-5 1-0280 20 1-2262 5 0568 25 2823 10 1131 30 3374 15 1790 Percentage Na-A Sp. Gr. Percentage Na 2 0. Sp. Gr. 5 1-069 25 1-353 10 139 30 426 15 210 35 500 20 281 821 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 8. Specific Gravity, etc., of Caustic Potash Solutions at 15 C. (Tiinnermann.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of Specific Gravity. Percentage of Specific Gravity. Percentage of KOH. K 2 0. KOH. KsO. KOH. K 2 0. 1-0050 0-738 0-5658 1-1702 19-542 16-408 1-34 38-28 32-14 0153 2-021 1-697 1839 20-890 17-510 36 39-85 33-46 0260 3-369 2-829 1979 22-237 18-671 38 41-37 34-74 0369 4-717 3-961 2122 23-585 19-803 40 42-86 35-99 0478 5-957 5-002 2268 24-933 20-935 42 45-22 37-97 0589 7-412 6-224 2342 25-606 21-500 44 47-84 40-17 . 0703 8-760 7-355 2493 26-954 22-632 46 50-39 42-31 0819 10-108 ! 8-487 2648 28-303 23-764 48 52-88 44-40 0938 11-456 9-619 2805 29-650 24-895 50 55-32 46-45 1059 12-803 10-750 2966 30-998 26-027 52 57-71 48-46 1182 14-151 11-882 3131 32-345 27-158 54 59-65 50-09 1308 15-498 13-013 3300 33-693 28-290 56 61-43 51-58 1437 16-846 14-145 30 34-94 : 29*34 58 63-19 53-06 1568 18-195 15-277 32 36-91 30-74 9. Specific Gravity, etc., of Caustic Potash Solutions at 15 C. (Gerlach.) I >pecific Gravity for 5c Specific Gravity for Jc Specific Gravity for ! Specific Gravity for E ' 8 | K,0. KOH. | K 2 0. KOH. | K 2 0. KOH. K 2 0. KOH. | 1 1-010 1-009 16 1-166 1-137 31 1-370 1-300 46 1-600 : 1-488 2 020 017 17 178 146 32 385 311 47 615 499 3 030 ] 025 18 190 155 33 403 324 48 630 511 4 039 ! 033 19 202 166 34 418 j 336 49 645 527 5 048 041 20 215 177 35 431 349 50 660 539 6 058 049 21 230 189 36 445 361 51 676 552 7 068 058 22 242 198 37 460 374 52 690 565 8 078 065 23 256 209 38 475 387 53 705 578 9 089 074 24 270 220 39 490 400 54 720 590 10 099 083 25 285 230 40 504 411 55 733 604 11 110 092 26 300 241 41 522 425 56 746 618 12 121 101 27 312 252 42 539 438 57 762 630 13 132 110 28 326 264 43 564 450 58 780 641 14 143 119 29 340 278 44 570 462 59 795 655 15 154 128 30 355 288 45 584 472 60 810 667 i ! VOL. II. 3G 822 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 10. Specific Gravity, etc., of Caustic Potash Solutions at 15 C. (Lunge.) Degrees. Percentage of 1 Metre Cube contains I Foot Cube contains Specific Gravity. Baume. Twaddell. K 2 0. KOH. Kgms. K 2 Kgms. KOH Ibs. K 2 Ibs. KOH 1-007 1 1-4 0-7 0-9 7 9 0-46 0-55 014 2 2-8 1-4 1-7 14 17 0-89 1-06 022 3 4-4 2-2 2-6 22 26 1-40 1-67 029 4 5-8 2-9 3-5 30 36 1-86 2'22 037 5 7-4 3-8 4-5 39 46 2-46 2-93 045 6 9-0 4'7 5-6 49 58 3-07 3-65 052 7 10-4 5-4 6-4 57 67 3-55 4-23 060 8 12-0 6-2 7-4 66 78 4-10 4-89 067 9 13-4 6-9 8-2 74 88 4-60 5-48 075 10 15-0 7-7 9-2 83 99 5-17 6-16 083 11 16-6 8-5 10-1 92 109 5-75 6-85 091 12 18-2 9-2 10-9 100 119 6-27 7-48 100 13 20-0 10-1 12-0 111 132 6-94 8-26 108 14 21-6 10-8 12-9 119 143 7-47 8-90 116 15 23-2 11-6 13-8 129 153 8-08 9-63 125 1G 25-0 12-4 14-8 140 167 8-71 10-38 134 17 26-8 13-2 15-7 150 178 9-34 11-13 142 18 28-4 ' 13-9 16-5 159 188 9-91 11-81 152 19 30-4 14-8 17-6 170 203 10-64 12-68 162 20 32-4 15-6 18-6 181 216 11-32 13-48 171 21 34-2 16-4 19-5 192 228 11-99 14-28 180 22 36-0 17-2 20-5 203 242 12-67 15-10 190 23 38-0 18-0 21-4 214 255 13-37 15-93 200 24 40-0 18-8 22'4 226 269 14-08 16-78 210 25 42-0 19-6 23-3 237 282 14-81 17-64 220 26 44-0 203 24-2 248 295 15-46 18-42 231 27 46-2 21-1 25-1 260 309 16-21 19-32 241 28 48-2 21-9 26-1 272 324 16-97 20'22 252 29 50-4 22-7 27-0 284 338 17-74 21-14 263 30 52-6 23-5 28-0 297 353 18-53 22-08 274 31 54-8 24-2 28-9 308 368 19-25 22-93 285 32 57-0 25-0 29-8 321 383 20-05 23-90 297 33 59-4 25-8 30-7 335 398 20-89 24-89 308 34 61-6 26-7 31-8 349 416 21-80 25-98 320 35 64-0 27-5 32-7 363 432 22-66 27-00 332 36 66-4 28-3 33-7 377 449 23-53 28-04 345 37 69-0 29-3 34-9 394 469 24-6 29-31 357 38 71-4 30-2 35-9 410 487 25-58 30-48 370 39 74-0 31-0 36-9 425 506 26-51 31-59 823 TABLE LXXlIc. continued. 10. Specific Gravity, etc., of Caustic Potash Solutions at 15 C. continued. Degrees. Percentage of 1 Metre Cube contains 1 Foot Cube contains Specific Gravity. Baume. Twaddell. K 2 0. KOH. Kgrns. K 2 Kgrns. KOH Ibs. K 2 Ibs. KOH 1-383 40 76-6 31-8 37-8 440 522 27-45 32-71 397 41 79-4 32-7 38-9 457 543 28-52 33-98 410 42 82-0 33-5 39-9 472 563 29-49 35-13 424 43 84-8 34-4 40-9 490 582 30-59 36-44 438 44 87-6 35-4 42-1 509 605 31-78 37-86 453 45 90-6 36-5 43-4 530 631 33-11 39-45 468 46 93-6 37-5 44-6 549 655 34-37 40-95 483 47 96-6 38-5 45-8 571 679 35-64 42-47 498 48 99-6 39-6 47-1 593 706 37-03 44-12 514 49 102-8 40-6 48-3 615 731 38-37 45-72 530 50 106-0 41-5 49-4 635 756 39-64 47-23 546 51 109-2 42-5 50-6 655 779 41-02 48-87 563 52 112-6 43-6 51-9 681 811 42-54 50-69 580 53 116-0 44-7 53-2 706 840 44-09 52-54 597 54 119-4 45-8 54-5 731 870 45-66 54-40 615 55 123-0 47-0 55-9 759 905 47-38 o6-46 634 56 126-8 48-3 57-5 789 940 49-27 58-70 11. Specific Gravity, etc., of Ammonium Carbonate Solutions at 15 C. (Lunge.) Specific Gravity. Degrees Twaddell. Percent- age of Am. Garb. Specific Gravity. Degrees Twaddell. Percent- age of Am. Garb. Specific Gravity. Degrees Twaddell. Percent- age of Am. Garb. 1-005 1 1-66 1-055 11 16-16 1-105 21 31-77 010 2 3-18 060 12 17-70 110 22 33-45 015 3 4-60 065 13 19-18 115 23 35-08 020 4 6-04 070 14 20-70 120 24 36-88 025 5 7-49 075 15 22-25 125 25 38-71 030 6 8-93 080 16 23-78 130 26 40-34 035 7 10-35 085 17 25-31 135 27 42-20 040 8 11-86 090 18 26-82 140 28 44-29 045 9 13-36 095 19 28-33 144 29 44-90 050 10 14-83 100 20 29-93 824 . TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 12. Specific Gravity, etc., of Sodium Carbonate Solutions at 23 C. (Schiff.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of Na. 2 C0 3 + 10H 2 0. Percentage of Na 2 C0 3 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of Na 2 C0 3 + 10H 2 0. Percentage of Na 2 C0 3 . 1-0038 1 0-370 1-1035 26 9-635 0076 2 0-741 1076 27 10-005 0114 3 1-112 1117 28 10-376 0153 4 1-482 1158 29 10-746 0192 5 1-853 1200 30 11-118 0231 6 2223 1242 31 11-488 0270 7 2-594 1284 32 11-859 0309 8 2-965 1326 33 12-230 0348 9 3-335 1368 34 12-600 0388 10 3-706 1410 35 12-971 0428 11 4-076 1452 36 13-341 0468 12 4-447 1494 37 13-712 0508 13 4-817 1536 38 14-082 0548 14 5-188 1578 39 14453 0588 0628 15 16 5-558 5-929 1620 1662 40 41 14-824 14-195 0668 17 6-299 1704 42 15-566 0708 18 6-670 1746 43 15-936 0748 19 7-041 1788 44 16-307 0789 20 7-412 1830 45 16-677 0830 21 7'782 1873 46 17-048 0871 22 8-153 1916 47 17-418 0912 23 8-523 1959 48 17-789 0953 24 8-894 2002 49 18-159 0994 25 9-264 2015 50 18-530 825 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 13. Specific Gravity, etc., of Sodium Carbonate Solutions at 15 C. (Lunge.) t> 11 020 | II Degrees Twaddell. Percentage of Kilogrammes in each Metre Cube of the Liquid. Pounds in each Foot Cube of Liquid. Na 2 C0 3 . Na 2 C0 3 + 10H 2 0. Na 2 C0 3 . Na 2 C0 3 +10H 2 0. Na^COg. N^CO^ + iOHsO. 1-007 1 1-4 0-67 1-807 6-8 18-2 0-42 1-14 014 2 2-8 1-33 3-587 13-5 36-4 0-84 2-27 022 3 4-4 2-09 5-637 21-4 57-6 1-34 3-60 029 4 5-8 2-76 7-444 28-4 76-6 1-77 4-77 036 5 7-2 3-43 9-251 35-5 95-8 2-22 5-96 045 6 9-0 4-29 11-570 44-8 120-9 2-80 7-55 052 7 10-4 4-94 13-323 52-0 140-2 3-25 8-74 060 8 12-0 5-71 15-400 60-5 163-2 3-78 | 10-19 067 9 13-4 6-37 17-180 68-0 183-3 4-24 11-44 075 10 15-0 7-12 19-203 76-5 206-4 4-78 12-88 083 11 16-6 7-88 21-252 85-3 230-2 5-33 14-37 091 12 18-2 8-62 23-248 94-0 253-6 5-87 15-83 100 13 20-0 9-43 25-432 103-7 279-8 6-47 17-47 108 14 21-6 10-19 27-482 112-9 304-5 7-05 19-01 116 15 23-2 10-95 29-532 122-2 329-6 7-63 20-36 125 16 25-0 11-81 31-851 132-9 358-3 8-30 22-37 134 17 26-8 12-61 34-009 143-0 385-7 8-93 24-08 142 18 28-4 13-16 35-493 150-3 405-3 9-38 25-30 152 19 30*4 14-24 38-405 164-1 442-4 10-24 27-62 826 TABLE LXXlIc. continued. 14. Strength, etc., of Concentrated Solutions of Sodium Carbonate at 30 C. (Lunge.) A. Specific Gravity at 30. Degrees Twaddell. Percentage by Weight of Each Litre contains in grms. Each Foot Cube contains in pounds Na,C0 3 . Na 2 C0 3 + 10H 2 0. Na,C0 3 . Na 2 C0 3 + 10H 2 0. Na 2 C0 3 . Na 2 C0 3 + 10H 2 0. 1-310 62 28-13 75-91 368-5 994-5 23-00 62-08 300 60 27-30 73-67 354-9 957-4 22-16 59-77 290 58 26-46 71-40 341-3 921-0 21-31 57'49 280 56 25-62 69-11 327-9 884-7 20-47 55-23 270 54 24-78 66-86 314-7 849-2 19-65 53-01 260 52 23-93 64-59 301-5 813-2 18-82 50-77 250 50 23-08 62-15 288-5 778-5 18-01 48-60 240 48 22-21 59-94 275-4 743-0 17-19 46-38 230 46 21-33 57*55 262-3 707-8 16-37 44-19 220 44 20-47 55-29 249-7 673-8 15-59 42-06 210 42 19-61 52-91 237-3 640-3 14-81 39-97 200 40 18-76 50-62 225-1 607-4 14-05 37-92 190 38 17-90 48-31 214-0 577-5 13-36 36-05 180 36 17-04 45-97 201-1 542-6 12-55 33-87 170 34 16-18 43-38 189-3 510-9 11-82 31-89 160 32 15-32 41-34 177-7 479-5 11-09 29-93 150 30 14-47 39-04 164-4 449-0 10-26 28-03 140 28 13-62 36-75 155-3 419-0 9-69 26-16 B. Specific Gravity at 30. Degrees Baume. Percentage by Weight of Each Litre contains in grms. Each Foe ii Na 2 C0 3 . >t Cube contains i pounds Na 2 CO :i + 10H 2 0. Na 2 C0 3 . Na 2 C0 3 + 10H 2 0. Na 2 C0 3 . Na 2 C0 3 + 10H 2 0. 1-308 34 27-97 75-48 365-9 987-4 22-84 61-64 297 33 27-06 73-02 351-0 947-1 21-91 59-12 285 32 26-04 70-28 334-6 902-8 20-89 56-36 274 31 25-11 6776 319-9 863-2 19-97 53-89 263 30 24-18 65-24 305-4 824-1 19-07 51-45 252 29 23-25 62-73 291-1 785-4 18-17 49-03 241 28 22-29 60-15 276-6 746-3 17-27 46-59 231 27 21-42 57-80 263-7 711-5 16-46 44-42 220 26 20-47 55-29 249-7 673-8 15-59 42-06 210 25 19-61 52-91 237-3 640-3 14-81 39-97 200 24 18-76 50-62 225-1 607-4 14-05 37-92 190 23 17-90 48-31 214-0 577-5 13-36 36-05 180 22 17-04 45-97 201-1 542-6 12-55 33-87 171 21 16-27 43-89 190-5 514-0 11-89 32-09 162 20 15-49 41-79 180-0 485-7 11-24 30-32 152 19 14-64 39-51 168-7 455-2 10-53 28-42 142 18 13-79 37-21 157-5 425-0 9-83 26-53 827 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 15. Specific Gravity, etc., of Potassium Carbonate Solutions at 15 C. (Gerlach.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of K 2 C0 3 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of K 2 C0 3 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of K 2 CO> 100914 1 1-18265 19 1-38279 37 01829 2 19286 20 39476 38 02743 3 20344 21 40673 39 03658 4 21402 22 41870 40 04572 5 22459 23 43104 41 05513 6 23517 24 44388 42 06454 7 24575 25 45573 43 07396 8 25681 26 46807 44 08337 9 26787 27 48041 45 09278 10 27893 28 49314 46 10528 11 28999 29 50588 47 11238 12 30105 30 51861 48 12219 13 31261 31 53135 49 13199 14 32417 32 54408 50 14179 15 33573 33 55728 51 15200 16 34729 34 57048 52 16222 17 35885 35 57079 52-024 17243 18 37082 36 16. Kohlrausch gives the following for K 2 C0 3 solutions at 15 C. : Percent. K 2 CO ;? . Sp. Gr. Percent. K 2 C0 3 , Sp. Gr. 5 1-0449 30 1-3002 10 0919 40 4172 20 1920 50 5428 828 TABLE LXXUc.continued. 17. Specific Gravity, etc., of Solutions of Potashes at 15 C. (Lunge.) Specific Gravity. Degrees Baume. Degrees Twaddell. Percentage of K 2 C0 3 . ill i 1^1 |1 6 '! 1 CQ 1 Degrees Twaddell. 1 o 1 1 3 DH ^2 Ml ago 6'^ r-} -O ill 1 1 1-007 1 1*4 07 7 0-44 1-231 27 46-2 23-5 289 18-04 014 2 2-8 1-5 15 0'94 241 28 48-2 24-5 304 18-98 022 3 4-4 2-3 23 1-44 252 29 50-4 25-5 319 19-91 029 4 5-8 3-1 32 2-00 263 30 52-6 26-6 336 20-98 037 5 7-4 4-0 41 2-56 274 31 54-8 27-5 350 21-85 045 6 9-0 4-9 51 3-18 285 32 57-0 28-5 366 22-85 052 7 10-4 5-7 60 3-75 297 33 59-4 29-6 384 23-97 060 8 12-0 3-5 69 4-31 308 34 61-6 30-7 402 25-10 067 9 13-4 7-3 78 4-87 320 35 64-0 31-6 417 26-03 075 10 15-0 8-1 87 5-43 332 36 66-4 32-7 436 27-22 083 11 16-6 9-0 97 6-06 345 37 69-0 33-8 455 28-40 091 12 19-2 9-8 107 6-78 357 38 71-4 34-8 472 29-47 100 13 20-0 10-7 118 7-37 370 39 74-0 35-9 492 3071 108 14 21-6 11-6 129 8-05 383 40 76-6 37-0 512 31-96 116 15 23-2 12-4 138 8-61 397 41 79-4 38-2 534 33-33 25 16 25-0 13-3 150 9-36 410 42 82-0 39-3 554 34-58 134 17 26-8 14-2 161 10-06 424 43 84-8 40-5 577 36-02 142 18 28-4 15-0 171 10-67 438 44 87-6 41-7 600 37-46 152 19 30-4 16-0 184 11-49 453 45 90-6 42-8 622 38-83 162 20 32-4 17-0 198 12-36 468 46 93-6 44-0 646 40-33 172 21 34-4 18-0 211 13-17 483 47 96-6 45-2 670 41-83 180 22 36-0 18-8 220 13-73 498 48 99-6 46-5 697 43-51 190 23 38-0 19-7 234 14-61 514 49 102-8 47-7 722 45-07 200 24 40-0 20-7 248 15-23 530 50 106-0 48-9 748 46-70 210 25 42-0 21-6 261 16-29 546 51 109-2 50-1 775 48-38 220 26 44-0 22-5 275 17-17 563 52 112-6 51-3 802 50-07 829 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 18. Specific Gravity, etc., of Potassium Carbonate Solutions at 17 C '5 C. (Hager.) Sp. Gr. Per cent, of K 2 C0 3 . P Percent. S P- Gl - ofK 2 C0 3 . Sp. Gr. Per cent. ofK 2 C0 3 . Percent. S P' Gr - ofK 2 C0 3 . Sp. Gr. Per cent, of K 2 C0 3 . 1-009 1 1-122 ! 13 1-245 25 1-380 37 1-529 49 018 2 132 14 256 26 392 38 542 50 027 3 141 15 267 27 404 39 555 51 036 4 151 16 278 28 416 40 569 52 045 5 161 17 289 29 429 41 054 6 172 i 18 300 30 441 42 064 7 182 ! 19 312 31 453 43 073 8 192 20 323 32 466 44 082 9 203 21 334 33 478 45 092 10 213 22 345 34 489 46 102 11 224 ! 23 357 35 503 47 112 12 235 24 368 36 516 48 19. Density, etc., of Hydrochloric Acid Solutions at 15 C. (Ure.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of HC1. Percentage of Cl. Specific Gravity. Percentage of HC1. Percentage of Cl. 1-2000 40-777 39-675 1-1721 34-660 33-724 1982 40-369 39-278 1701 34-252 33-328 1964 39-961 38-882 1681 33-845 32-931 1946 39-554 38-485 1661 33-437 32-535 1928 39-146 38-089 1641 33-029 32-136 1910 38-738 37-692 1620 32-621 31-746 1893 38-330 37-296 1599 32-213 31-343 1875 37-923 36-900 1578 31-815 30-946 1857 37-516 36-503 1557 31-398 30-550 1846 37-108 36-107 1537 30-990 30-153 1822 37-100 35-707 1515 30-582 29-757 1802 36-292 35-310 1494 30-174 29-361 1782 35-884 34-913 1473 29-767 28-994 1762 35-476 34-517 1452 29-359 28-567 1741 35-068 34-121 1431 28-951 28-171 830 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 19. Density, etc., of Hydrochloric Acid Solutions at 15 C. continued. Specific Gravity. Percentage of HC1. Percentage of Cl. Specific Gravity. Percentage of HC1. Percentage of Cl. 1-1410 28-544 27-772 1-0697 14-271 13-887 1389 28-136 27-376 0677 13-863 13-490 1369 27-728 26-979 0657 13-456 13-094 1349 27-321 26-583 0637 13-049 12-697 1328 26-913 26-186 0617 12-641 12-300 1308 26-505 25-789 0597 12-233 11-903 1287 26-098 25-392 0577 11-825 11-506 1267 25-690 24-996 0557 11-418 11-109 1247 25-282 24-599 0537 11-010 10-712 1226 24-874 24-202 0517 10-602 10-316 1206 24-466 23-805 0497 10-194 9-919 1185 24-058 23-408 0477 9-786 9-522 1164 23-650 23-012 0457 9-379 9-126 1143 23-242 22-615 0437 8-971 8-729 1123 22-834 22-218 0417 8-563 8-332 1102 22-426 21-882 0397 8-155 7-935 1082 22-019 21-425 0377 7-747 7-538 1061 21-611 21-028 0357 7-340 7-141 1041 21-203 20-632 0337 6-932 6-745 1020 20-796 20-235 0318 6-524 6-348 1000 20-388 19-837 0298 6-116 5-951 0980 19-980 19-440 0279 5-709 5-554 0960 19-572 19-044 01:59 5-301 5-158 0939 19-165 18-647 0239 4-893 4-762 0919 18-757 18-250 0220 4-486 4-365 0899 18-349 17-854 0200 4-078 3-968 0879 17-941 17-457 0180 3-670 3-571 0859 17-534 17-060 0160 3-262 3-174 0838 17-126 16-664 0140 2-854 2-778 0818 16-718 16-267 0120 2-447 2-381 0798 16-310 15-870 0100 2-039 1-984 0778 15-902 15-474 0080 1-631 1-588 0758 15-494 15-077 0060 1-124 1-191 0738 15-087 14-680 0040 0-816 0-795 0718 14-679 14-284 0020 0-408 0-397 831 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 20. Specific Gravity, etc., of Solutions of Hydrochloric Acid. (Kolbe.) Degrees Baume. Density. 100 Parts Solu- tion at C. contain of HC1. At 15 C. 100 Parts of the Solution contain HC1. Acid of 20 B. Acid of 21 B. Acid of 22 B. 1-000 o-o o-i 0-3 0-3 0-3 1 007 1-4 1-5 4'7 4-4 4-2 2 014 2-7 2-9 . 9-0 8-6 8-1 3 022 4-2 4'5 14'1 13-3 12-6 4 029 5-5 5-8 18-1 17-1 16-2 5 036 6-9 7-3 22-8 21-5 20-4 6 044 8-4 8-9 27-8 26-2 24-4 7 052 9-9 10-4 32'6 30-7 29-1 8 060 11-4 12-0 37-6 35-4 33-6 9 067 127 13-4 41-9 39-5 37-5 10 075 14-2 15-0 46-9 44-2 42-0 11 083 15-7 16-5 51-6 48-7 46-2 12 091 17-2 18-1 56-7 53'4 50-7 13 100 18-9 19-9 62-3 58-7 55-7 11 108 20-4 21-5 67-3 63-4 60-2 15 116 21-9 23-1 72-3 68-1 64*7 16 125 23-6 24'8 77-6 73-2 69-4 17 134 25-2 26-6 83-3 78-5 74-5 18 143 27-0 28-4 88-9 83-0 79-5 19 152 28-7 30-2 94-5 89-0 84-6 19-5 157 29-7 31-2 97-7 92-0 87-4 20 161 30-4 32-0 100-0 94-4 89-6 20-5 166 31-4 33-0 103-3 97-3 92-4 21 171 32-3 33-9 106-1 100-0 94-9 21-5 175 33-0 34-7 108-6 102-4 97-2 22 180 34-1 35-7 111-7 105-3 100-0 22-5 185 35-1 36-8 115-2 108-6 103-0 23 190 36-1 37-9 118-6 111-8 106-1 23-5 195 37-1 39-0 122-0 115-0 109-2 24 199 38*0 39-8 124-6 117-4 111-4 24-5 205 39-1 41-2 130-0 121-5 115-4 25 210 40-2 42-4 132-7 125-0 119-0 25-5 212 41-7 42-9 134-3 126-6 120-1 832 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 21. Hydrochloric Acid. Specific Gravity of Hydrochloric Acid at 15 C. compared with water at 4 and reduced to Vacuum. (Lunge and Marchlewski.) Degrees Twaddell. Sp. Gr. at 15 4 in vacuo. 100 Parts by Weight correspond to Parts by Weight of 1 Litre contains Grms. HC1. 1 Cub. Foot contains Ibs. of HC1. HC1. Acid of Sp. Gr. 1-1425 = 2 8 -5 Tw. Acid of Sp. Gr. 1-152 = 30'4T\v. i-ooo 0-16 0-57 0-53 1-6 o-io 1 005 1-15 4-08 3-84 12 0-75 2 010 2-14 7-60 7-14 22 1-37 3 015 3-12 11-80 10-41 32 1-99 4 020 4-13 14-67 13-79 42 2-62 5 025 5-15 18-30 17-19 53 3-30 6 030 6-15 21-85 20-53 64 3-99 7 035 7-15 25-40 23-87 74 4-61 8 040 8-16 28-99 27-24 85 5-30 9 045 9-16 32-55 30-58 96 5-98 10 050 10-17 36-14 33-95 107 6-67 11 055 11-18 39-73 37-33 118 7-35 12 060 12-19 43-32 40-70 129 8-04 13 065 13-19 46-87 44-04 141 8-79 14 070 14-17 50-35 47-31 152 9-48 15 075 15-16 53-87 50-62 163 10-16 16 080 16-15 57-39 53-92 174 10-85 17 085 17-13 60-87 57-19 186 11-59 18 090 18-11 64-35 60-47 197 12-28 19 095 19-06 67-73 63-64 209 13-03 20 100 20-01 71-11 66-81 220 13-71 21 105 20-97 74-52 70-01 232 14-46 22 110 21-92 77-89 73-19 243 15-15 23 115 22-86 81-23 76-32 255 15-90 24 120 23-82 84-64 79-53 267 16-65 25 125 24-78 88-06 82-74 278 17-33 26 130 25-75 91-50 85-97 291 18-14 27 135 26-70 94-88 89-15 303 18-89 28 140 27-66 98-29 92-35 315 19-64 29 145 28-61 101-67 95-52 328 20-45 30 150 29-57 105-08 98-73 340 21-20 31 155 30-55 108-58 102-00 353 22-01 32 160 31-52 112-01 105-24 366 22-82 33 165 32-49 115-46 108-48 379 23-63 34 170 33-46 118-91 111-71 392 24-44 35 175 34-42 122-32 114-92 404 25-19 36 180 35-39 125-76 118-16 418 26-06 37 185 36-31 129-03 121-23 430 26-81 38 190 37-23 132-30 124'30 443 27*62 39 195 38-16 135-61 127-41 456 28-43 40 200 39-11 138-98 130-58 469 29-24 833 U PH R 2 PQ 5 <* g 1 i i CO o CO CO o> t^ 1^. o i CO 1C o ui TP o t^ 1C g CO l-H o o o I o 00 OS r^ OS 1 s CO rH i i i o CO ^-. o ^ CO o o lO o l^ Tfl o as t--. 1C s CO o o 8 OS g OS 1 O CO * ^ o CO O5 o oo o IO t>. o s o t^ o a s OS t^- s 1C o o 1C b 1C CO OS 1C 1-- OS b GO r^. CO O o i i vC O5 o ?o CO CO t^ o O5 c O5 i CO o CO o OS o Z-*. o o t^ ? b 00 OS l> !>. OS 1 OS (M OS co O OS o CT> CO o o CO o J-H cc o CO *c o ^ -* o CO CO o f>l o OS o o OS OS OS b 3 OS 01 t^ OS MS t> co i 1 . o CO 1O o OS *! o 00 CO fv. CO o CO c 1C 1C ? b 1C 00 OS o CD 00 CO CO (M r 1 CO t^ o I 1 1 i CO g CO o r-l 1C o "* ? 00 I 1 00 o o 00 OS OS b CO g jja -*l S Ci o O' CO OS (N CO J>- CM CO ^ CO * r- 1 CO o CN o OS lO ^ b b 9 (N CO CO CM (N CO o 1 ? CO 1>~ s 1C s ^ ^ CO CO (M I CM (M o OS 10 s b jb "* -*l *4f CO to (N ^* CO o OS CO CO xC I--. cc CO l-~ 1C -* 1C CO 1C CM ** *) o **! OS * IH b I ! t^ CO t^ . t^. b tfd 5 OS CO | a. o o OS o cr o 5 1C o o OS cs CO AH b b s 0? ^t 1 O3 CO ^ 1C s s Ttl Jl 1 CO CO CO Cfl 00 CO c-. CO 00 o CO J>. c s s 00 Tt" o CO CO o oo (N o 00 o o AH 834 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 23. Specific Gravity, etc., of Hydrobromic Acid Solutions at 15 C. (Wright.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of HBr. Specific Gravity. Percentage of HBr. Specific Gravity. Percentage of HBr. 1-000 1-159 20 1-365 40 038 5 204 25 435 45 077 10 252 30 515 50 177 15 305 35 24. Specific Gravity, etc., of Hydrobromic Acid Solutions at 14 C. (Gerlach, from Topsoe -j- .) Specific Gravity. Weight of HBr. in Specific Gravity. Weight of HBr. in Specific Gravity. Weight of HBr. in 100 parts by weight. 1 litre of solution. 100 parts by weight. 1 litre of solution. 100 parts by weight. 1 litre of solution. Grms. Grins. Grms. 1-007 1 10-009 1-140 18 203-764 1-314 35 456-681 014 2 20-138 149 19 216-972 326 36 474-018 021 3 30-416 158 20 229-979 338 37 491-004 028 4 40-832 167 21 243-376 351 38 509-786 035 5 51-388 176 22 256-909 363 39 527-849 043 6 62-142 186 23 270-871 376 40 546-547 050 7 72-986 196 24 285-031 389 41 565-504 058 8 84-048 206 25 299-390 403 42 585-135 065 9 95-179 215 26 313-689 417 43 605-045 073 10 106-549 225 27 328-435 431 44 625-233 081 11 118-078 235 28 343-379 445 45 645-698 089 12 129-765 246 29 358-811 459 46 666-442 097 13 141-612 257 30 374-460 473 47 687-464 106 14 153-756 268 31 390-328 487 48 708-764 114 15 165-930 279 32 406-415 502 49 730-828 122 16 178-263 290 33 422-720 131 17 190-924 302 34 439-581 835 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 24.* Specific Gravity, etc., of Hydrogen Bromide Solutions at 15 C. (Biel.) Percentage of HBr. Specific Gravity. Percentage of HBr. Specific Gravity. Percentage of HBr. Specific Gravity. 1 1-0082 18 1-145 35 1-314 2 0155 19 154 36 326 3 0230 20 163 37 338 4 0305 21 172 38 350 5 038 22 181 39 362 6 046 23 190 . 40 375 7 053 24 200 41 388 8 061 25 209 42 401 9 069 26 219 43 415 10 077 27 229 44 429 11 085 28 239 45 444 12 093 29 249 46 459 13 102 30 260 47 474 14 110 31 270 48 490 15 119 32 281 49 496 16 127 33 292 50 513 17 136 34 303 25. Specific Gravity, etc., of Hydriodic Acid Solutions at 15 C. (Wright.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of HI. Specific Gravity. Percentage of HI. Specific Gravity. Percentage of HI. 1-000 1-187 20 1-438 40 045 5 239 25 533 45 091 10 296 30 650 50 138 15 361 35 700 52 836 . continued. TABLE 26. Specific Gravity, etc., of Hydriodic Acid Solutions at 13 C. Topsoe + .) (Gerlach, from Specific Gravity. Weight of HI in Specific Gravity. Weight of HI in Specific Gravity. Weight of HI in 100 parts by weight of solution. 1 litre of solution. 100 parts by weight of solution. 1 litre of solution. 100 parts by weight of solution. 1 litre of solution. Grms. Grms. Grms. 1-008 1 10-074 1-175 21 246-610 1-414 41 579-410 015 2 20-288 185 22 260-552 429 42 599-839 022 3 30-643 195 23 274-694 444 43 620-567 029 4 41-137 205 24 289-036 459 44 641-595 037 5 51-821 216 25 303-827 475 45 663-372 045 6 62-664 227 26 318-839 491 46 685-470 053 7 73-668 238 27 334-070 508 47 708-357 061 8 84-832 249 28 349-521 525 48 731-684 069 9 96-155 260 29 365-192 543 49 755-640 077 10 107-639 271 30 381-083 561 50 780-057 085 11 119-282 283 31 397-504 579 51 804-833 093 12 131-085 295 32 414-164 597 52 829-968 102 13 143-178 307 33 431-064 615 53 855-463 110 14 155-312 320 34 448-545 634 54 881-858 118 15 167-605. 333 35 466-295 654 55 909-183 127 16 180-217 346 36 484-284 674 56 936-907 137 17 193-180 359 37 502-544 694 57 965-031 146 18 206-163 372 38 521-063 713 58 992-975 155 19 219-325 336 39 540-232 165 20 232-868 400 40 559-681 Topsoe's numbers, from which the preceding tables have been calculated, were as follows : 27. For Hydrobromic Acid. Tempera- ture. Specific Gravity. Percentage HBr. Tempera- ture. Specific Gravity. Percentage HBr. Tempera- ture. Specific Gravity. Percentage HBr. 14 C. 1-055 7-67 13 C. 1-200 24-35 13 C. 1-419 43-12 14 075 10-19 13 232 27-62 13 431 43-99 14 089 11-94 13 253 29-68 13 438 44-62 14 097 12-96 13 302 33-84 14 451 45-45 14 118 15-37 13 335 36-67 13 460 46-09 14 131 16-92 13 349 37-86 14 485 47-87 14 164 20-65 13 368 39-13 14 490 48-17 837 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 28. For Hydriodic Acid. Tempera- ture. Specific Gravity. Percentage HI. Tempera- ture. Specific Gravity. Percentage HI. Tempera- ture. Specific Gravity. Percentage HI. 13-5 1-017 2-29 13-5 1-254 28-41 13-5 1-542 49-13 13-5 052 7-02 13-5 274 30-20 13 573 50-75 13-5 077 10-15 13 309 33-07 12-5 603 52-43 13 095 12-21 13 347 36-07 14 630 53-93 13.5 102 13-09 13 382 38-68 13-7 674 56-15 13-5 126 15-73 13 413 40-43 13 696 57-28 13-5 164 19-97 13 451 43-39 12-5 703 57-42 13-8 191 22-63 13 487 45-71 13-7 706 57-64 13-8 225 25-86 13 528 48-22 12 708 57-74 29. Specific Gravity, etc., of Nitric Acid Solutions at 15 C. Specific Gravity. Degrees Baume. Composition. Percentage of Water. Percentage of HNO :! . Percentage of NA. Boiling Point. 1-522 49-3 HN0 3 100-00 85-8 86' C. 486 46-5 + iH 9 11-25 88-75 75-1 .99 452 45 HjjO 22*22 77-78 66-7 115 420 42-6 11H 2 30-00 70-00 60-1 123 390 40-40 2 H 2 36-36 62-64 54-5 119 361 38-20 2JH 2 41-67 58-33 50-1 117 338 36-5 3 H 2 46-16 53-84 46-2 315 34-5 3<|H 2 50-00 50-00 42-9 113 297 33-2 1 H 2 53-33 46-67 40-1 277 31-4 4|H 2 56-25 43-75 37-6 260 29-7 5 H 2 58-82 41-18 35-4 245 28-4 5JH 2 61-11 38-89 33-4 232 27-2 6 H 2 63-16 36-84 31-6 219 25-8 6iH 2 65-00 35-00 30-1 207 24-7 7"H 2 66-67 33-33 28-6 108 197 23-8 7iH 2 68-18 31-82 27-3 188 22-9 8 H 2 69-56 30-44 26-1 180 22-0 8iH 70-83 29-17 25-0 173 21-9 9 H^O 72-00 28-00 24-0 166 20-4 9JH 2 73-08 26-92 23-1 160 19-9 10 H;O 74-07 25-93 22-2 155 19-3 10.VH 2 75-00 25-00 21-4 about 104* VOL. II. 3 H 838 TABLE LXXIIc. -continued. 30. Specific Gravity, etc., of Mtric Acid Solutions at and 15 C. (Kolb.) Specific Gravity at Specific Gravity at Percentage of HN0 3 . Contraction. Percentage of HN0 3 . Contraction. 0C. 15 C. 0C. 15C. 100-00 1-559 1-530 o-oooo 58-88 1-387 1-368 0-0861 99-84 559 530 004 58-00 382 363 864 99-72 558 530 010 57-00 376 358 868 99-52 557 529 014 56-10 371 353 870 97-89 551 523 065 55-00 365 346 874 97-00 548 520 090 54-00 359 341 875 96-00 544 516 120 53-81 358 339 875 95-27 542 514 142 53-00 353 335 875 94-00 537 509 182 52-33 349 331 875 93-01 533 506 208 50-99 341 323 872 92-00 529 503 242 49-97 334 317 867 91-00 526 499 272 49-00 328 312 862 90-00 522 495 301 48-00 321 304 856 89-56 521 494 315 47-18 315 298 850 88-00 514 488 354 46-64 312 295 848 87-45 513 486 369 45-00 300 284 835 86-17 507 482 404 43-53 291 274 820 85-00 503 478 433 42-00 280 264 808 84-00 499 474 459 41-00 274 T 257 796 83-00 495 470 485 40-00 267 251 786 82-00 492 467 508 39-00 260 244 775 80-96 488 463 531 37-95 253 237 762 80-00 484 460 556 36-00 240 225 740 79-00 481 456 580 35-00 234 218 729 77-66 476 451 610 33-86 226 211 718 76-00 469 445 643 32-00 214 198 692 75-00 465 442 666 31-00 207 192 678 74-01 462 438 688 30-00 200 185 664 73-00 457 435 708 29-00 194 179 650 72-39 455 432 722 28-00 187 172 635 71-24 450 429 740 27-00 180 166 616 69-96 444 423 760 25-71 171 157 593 69-20 441 419 771 23-00 153 138 520 68-00 435 414 784 20-00 132 , 120 483 67-00 430 410 796 17-47 115 105 422 66-00 425 405 806 15-00 099 089 336 65-07 420 400 818 13-00 085 077 316 64-00 415 395 830 11-41 075 067 296 63-59 413 393 833 7-72 050 045 206 62-00 404 386 846 4-00 026 022 112 61-21 400 381 850 2-00 013 010 055 60-00 393 374 854 0-00 000 0-999 000 59-59 391 372 855 839 O (H PH O; 'GO- itMCO-^iO O "OO CO IHOT (CO) iCO-^ c^i(^(>i(7qc E 'I'isi -* co O ooooooooooo C^ cococococococococococococococo^^^^^^^^^H^- 1 '*^^''* r COi iCOr I CO i I CC r ICDr I CO i ICOrH CO i-H CO i-H CO i I CO f I CO i I CO i-H CO r I Oi^t-t^lO^OlOOCMCOt^QOlO(X)COCOCOI>-' ICO- IGOOOXOCOOIOOOOS (MQOGOCOCOOc-lCSOOOi ii ICOIO05CO- i^OOCOCMt^COOOlOCOCMCO COCMCOOlOOlOOCOCMOOCOaiCOCOi lOOOi iCOlOt-OJCOCOi ICOCM < 11 > l i l -l^t aOGOaiOSOOi iCMCOiOCOGOOii iCO^HcOOOiicO ODCOcOI>- O^oico^ f-\ \ <^cqcocococococococococo^^^^^^^-^^>oiotooic>iooio W I 6 o^cq^HO50oi--coiO'-tHcocq'-HOaioot^t^t^i>.t^i>.t^t^t^t^r-cx)oo (M^ll<7'l>-QOOOaiC5OOi i -H 10 o 8,?~ " iococoi^i-ocooo^asoOi IT iCvicMcoco^^JOiococoi-^t^GOooas t ( I-H ^H r-H ^H I-H ^H r- 1 r-H CM (M (M CM - CO Ci O C^ ?O Oi CO -* 00030000OOOOOOOOOOOOOCOCX)CXDOOOOOOOOOOOOQOOOOOQOa5O^C^a^ b- b-'b- b- b- b- b- 00 OO cocococooocccococococo _ _ _ _____ |COCO"^^tilOOeOtOb- eocowwweowwwca^eocoeoeowweo^^coeo^^^^^^^^^^^^^''*^ 842 VH 4 t-H *75 X ^ r^ CJ H^ W ^J .0-i idOTCO-rJHiOlO^ cb 4n o i CO CO CO CO t l>- t>- t t- tt tt t t ttt t t- b- t- tb-tt i^OOOOOsaspOOOOOOOOi IT-H- II-H'I'I'I''I ir-H(M i I CO lO O 00 l>- -t tt tt t b- t- l>- t GOOOOOGOOOOOGO I GpasOr-Hcq^ococ^aiiOr-i o fn (^c^cicocococococococo^'^^^^^^*'*^-^-^^^^^ T^ b^ (~s CO CO IH G^l C*^ CO "^ iO ^O g -O t^ t>* OO GO O^ O^ Oi ^^ f^ (^ i ^ ,-H I-H ^<^COCOCO^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^iOlOC)iOOiO K !.l |3 fc ^^ CO O^ I~H T^H t r i I-H Ol CO CO '^ ' T ^ lO CO CO t t** t>* GO GO GO GO Oi Oi Oi Oi OOi-Hf^rHC^C^C^^C^C^C^C^^C^G^ClClC^lT^C^C^ClC^ClG^ ^ W l f A O CO b- ^ cqcbibcbGbo^r^rlH(^i(^(fq^(^cb^4hi4^4^4^4hii^ ^S ^GOrTH^GOr-H ^ ^P^ P 5)0 t, t^OOGOCSOSOOOOOOOOOO^H'-H' Ir-Hi Ir-H^Hi I^Hr-lCq 843 TABLE LXXIIc. continued 32 i. Specific Gravity of Sulphuric Acid at 60 F. Degrees Twaddell. 100 parts by weight contain Kilo, per litre H 2 S0 4 . 1 Cubic Foot of Acid at 60 F. S0 3 . H 2 S0 4 weighs Ibs. avd. contains Ibs. avd. H 2 S0 4 . yields Ibs. avd. Na 2 S0 4 . 40 22-30 27-32 0-328 74-82 20-44 29-62 41 22-82 27-95 337 75-14 21-00 33-43 42 23-33 28-58 346 75-45 21-57 31-25 43 23-84 29-21 355 75-76 22-14 32-08 44 24-36 29-84 364 76-07 22-71 32-90 45 24-88 30-84 373 76-38 23-28 33'73 46 25-39 31-11 382 76-69 23-85 34-55 47 25-88 31-70 391 77-00 24-41 35-37 48 26-35 32-28 400 77-32 24-97 36-18 49 26-83 32-86 409 77-63 25-54 37'01 50 27-29 33-43 418 77-94 26-10 37-82 51 27-76 34-00 426 78-25 26-66 38-63 52 28-22 34-57 435 78-56 27-23 39-45 53 28-69 35-14 444 78-87 27-79 40-27 54 29-15 35-71 454 79-19 28-35 41-08 55 29-62 36-29 462 79-50 28-92 41-90 56 30-10 36-87 472 79-81 29-48 42-72 57 30-57 37-45 481 80-12 30-04 43-53 58 31-04 38-03 490 80-43 30-60 44-34 59 31-52 38-61 500 80-74 31-17 45-16 60 31-99 39-19 510 81-06 31-74 45-99 61 32-46 39-77 519 81-37 32-32 46-83 62 32-94 40-35 529 81-68 32-89 47-65 63 33-41 40-93 538 81-99 33-46 48-48 64 33-88 41-50 548 82-30 34-03 49-31 65 34-35 42-08 557 82-62 34-60 50-13 66 34-80 42-66 567 82-93 35-18 50-98 67 35-27 43-20 577 83-24 35-79 51-86 68 35-71 43-74 586 83-55 36-40 52-74 69 36-14 44-28 596 83-86 37-01 53-63 70 36-58 44-82 605 84-17 37-63 54-52 71 37-02 45-35 614 84-49 38-24 5541 72 37-45 45-88 624 84-80 38-85 56-29 73 37-89 46-41 633 85-11 39-46 57-18 74 38-32 46-94 643 85-42 40-07 58-05 75 38-75 47-47 653 85-73 40-68 58-94 76 39-18 48-00 662 86-04 41-29 59-83 77 39-62 48-53 672 86-36 41-91 60-72 78 40-05 49-06 682 86-57 42-52 61-61 844 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 32 i. Specific Gravity of Sulphuric Acid at 60 F. continued. Degrees Twaddell. 100 parts by \ S0 3 . /eight contain Kilo, per litre H 2 S0 4 . 1 Cubic Foot of Acid at 60 F. H 2 S0 4 . weighs Ibs. avd. contains Ibs. yields Ibs. avd. avd. H 2 S0 4 . Na^O,. 79 40-48 49-59 0-692 86-98 43-13 62-50 80 40-91 50-11 702 87-29 43-74 63-38 81 41-33 50-63 711 87-60 44-36 64-27 82 41-76 51-15 721 87-92 44-97 65-13 83 42-17 51-66 730 88-23 45-58 66-02 84 42-57 52-15 740 88-54 46-18 66-90 85 42-96 52-63 750 88-85 4678 67-78 86 43-36 53-11 759 89-16 47-38 68-65 87 43-75 53-59 769 89-47 47-99 69-53 88 44-14 54-07 779 89-79 48-59 70-41 89 44'53 54-55 789 90-10 49-19 71-28 90 44-92 55-03 798 90-41 49-79 i 72-15 91 45-31 55-50 808 90-72 50-39 73-01 92 45-69 55-97 817 91-03 50-99 73-88 93 46-07 56-43 8^7 91-35 51-59 74-76 94 46-45 56-90 837 91-66 52-19 75-62 95 46-83 57-37 846 91-97 52-79 76-49 96 47-21 57-83 856 92*28 53-39 77-36 97 47-57 58-28 866 92-59 54-00 78-25 98 47-95 58-74 876 92-90 54-60 79-12 99 48-34 59-22 886 93-22 55-20 79-98 100 48-73 59-70 896 9353 55-84 80-92 101 49-12 60-18 906 93-84 56-47 81-82 102 49-51 60-65 916 94-15 57-10 82-74 103 49-89 61-12 926 94-46 57-73 83-65 104 50-28 61-59 936 94-77 58-36 84-56 105 50-66 62-06 946 95-09 59-00 85-50 106 51-04 62-53 957 95-40 59-62 86-39 107 51-43 63-00 967 95-71 60-26 87-32 108 51-78 63-43 977 96-02 60-89 88-23 109 52-12 63-85 987 96-33 61-52 89-15 110 52-46 64-26 996 96-65 62-15 90-06 111 52-79 64-67 1-006 96-96 62-78 90-97 112 53-12 65-08 015 97-27 63-42 91-90 113 53-46 65-49 025 97-58 64-05 92-81 114 53-80 65-90 035 97-89 64-68 93-72 115 54-13 66*30 044 98-20 65-31 94-64 116 54-46 66-71 054 98-52 65-94 95-54 117 54-80 67-13 064 98-83 66-58 96-48 118 55-18 67-59 075 99-14 67-21 97-40 119 55-55 68-05 085 99-45 67-84 98-30 1 ! 845 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 321. Specific Gravity of Sulphuric Acid at 60 F. continued. Degrees Twaddell. 100 parts by weight contain Kilo, per litre H 2 S0 4 . 1 Cubic Foot of Acid at 60 F. S0 3 . H 2 S0 4 . weighs Ib. avd. contains Ib. avd. H 2 S0 4 . yields Ib. avd. NaoS0 4 . 120 55-93 68-51 1-096 99-76 68-47 99-22 121 56'30 68-97 107 100-07 69-10 100-15 122 56-68 69-43 118 100-39 69-74 101-05 123 57-05 69-89 128 100-70 70-37 101-95 124 57-40 70-32 139 101-01 71-07 102-96 125 57-75 70-74 150 101-32 71-77 103-00 126 58-09 71-16 160 101-64 72-46 105-00 127 58-43 71-57 170 101-95 73-16 106-00 128 58-77 71-99 181 102-26 73-85 107-00 129 59-10 72-40 192 102-57 74-55 108-00 130 59-45 72-87 202 102-88 75-25 109-05 131 59-78 73-23 212 103-19 75-94 110-04 132 60-11 73-64 222 103-50 76-64 111-05 133 60-46 74-07 233 103-82 77-33 112-05 134 60-82 74-51 244 104-13 78-03 113-05 135 61-20 74-97 256 104-44 78-73 114-10 136 61-57 75-42 267 104-75 79-42 115-10 137 61-93 75-86 278 105-07 80-12 116-10 138 62-29 76-30 289 105-38 80-81 117-10 139 62-64 76-73 301 105-69 81-51 118-10 140 63-00 77-17 312 10600 82-21 119-15 141 63-35 77-60 323 106-31 82-90 120-15 142 63-70 78-04 334 106-62 83-60 121-15 143 64-07 78-48 346 106-94 84-29 122-15 144 64-43 78-92 357 107-25 84-99 123-15 145 64-78 79-36 369 107-56 85-69 124-20 146 65-14 79-80 381 107-87 86-38 125-20 147 65-50 80-24 392 108-18 87-08 126-20 148 65-86 80-68 404 108-49 87-77 127-20 149 66-22 81-12 416 108-80 88-47 128-20 150 66-58 81-56 427 109-12 89-17 129-20 151 66-94 82-00 439 109-43 89-46 130-20 152 67-30 82-44 451 109-74 90-56 131-20 153 67-65 82-88 463 110-05 91-25 132-25 154 68-02 83-32 475 110-36 91-95 133-25 155 68-49 83-90 489 110-68 92-88 134-60 156 68-98 84-50 504 110-99 93-81 135-90 157 69-47 85-10 519 111-30 94-74 137-30 158 69-96 85-70 534 111-61 95-67 138-50 159 70-45 86-30 549 111-92 96-60 140-00 160 70-94 86-90 564 112-23 97-52 141-30 846 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 3311. Specific Gravity of Highly Concentrated Sulphuric Acid at 60 F. 100 parts by weight contain Degrees Twaddell. Specific Gravity. Kilo, per litre H 2 S0 4 . SO S . H2S0 4 . 160 1-800 70-94 86-90 1-564 161 805 71-50 87-60 581 162 810 72-08 88-30 598 163 815 72-69 89-05 621 164 820 73-51 90-05 639 821 73-63 90-20 643 822 73-80 90-40 647 823 73-96 90-60 651 824 74-12 90-80 656 165 825 74-29 91-00 661 826 74-49 91-25 666 827 74-69 91-50 671 828 74-86 91-70 676 829 75-03 91-90 681 166 830 75-19 92-10 685 831 75-35 92-30 690 832 75-53 92-52 695 833 75-72 92-75 700 834 75-96 93-05 706 167 835 76-27 93-43 713 836 76-57 93-80 722 837 76-90 94-20 730 838 77-23 94-60 739 839 77-55 95-00 748 168 840 78-04 95-60 759 8405 78-33 95-95 765 8410 79-19 97-00 786 8415 79-76 97-70 799 . O (N O O5 i t^ O CO O O5 !>. 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CD >O -n< CO -^ rj< T}< rj< CO Ol rH O OS 00 sgs vo 10 . * TJH 1^ OO CO OO OO r-s. i>. t^- oo oo l-^ t^ 1^ t^ O CO CO CO (M rH O Ci CO t^ ^ CO (N rH O OS 00 t^ co >o T* co C^I rH O OS 00 r^. co 10 -^ co CM rH O OS 00 t^ CO 10 VO lO lO Tti * ^ -* -* Tf* -!J1 T* T}< T}< CO CO CO 00 CO 00 OO CM T-H O 05 00 CO CO OO OO GO i>. co urs -rj< co OS OS O OS OS CM rH rH OS OO OS t^ 1^ CO 10 ^ CO CO CO CO CO O rH rH - rH CO 01 rH O OS CO CO CO CO Ol O O O rH r- 00 t>- co 10 ^f CM CM CM CM CM o o o o o CO CM rH O OS 01 01 Ol CM rH 000 OO t>- CO i-H rH rH CM Ol Ol Ol Ol co 01 1-1 o o> 1O O IO lO rti (M CM (N CM (M 00 t^ ?O 1O * T* rjl ^ Til * CM (N CO CO CO CO CM rH O OS ^J1 T* Ttl ^ CO CO CO CO CO CO oo i^ co 10 TJ< CO CO CO CO CO CO CM rH O OS CO CO CO CO CM OO l>- CO lO *!< CM CM 04 Ol (N CO CM rH O OS OJ CM CM CM rH SSi O to to & O CO CN r-( - J Oi to o o eo o OO t^. < iO Ttl CO CO CO CO CO CO CN rH OS CO CO CO O O OO t>- CO VO TI< CO CM rH O OS CO CO CO CO CM OO t O >0 "* 01 CM CM CM CM t^ l^ t- CO CO CO CM O OS CM CM CM CM rH S o o o o o ^ CO C<1 r O O O O O o> oo i^ eo m ^ CO OI rH O OS OO l^ CO 10 TJH CO 01 rH O O O O O O OS 00 f^ CO lO CM CM CM (N CM rj< CO 01 rH O CM CM CM CM CM 000 OJ oo t^. rH I-l rH * -rf ^* * -* rH CO -M rH O o oo t^ o m i< <* -^ Tfi T* -^ CO CM rH O ^ r}< rj< Tti Tfi OS OO 1^ '-0 10 CO CO CO CO CO Tj< CO CO CO CO M< CO (N rH O CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO OS 00 1^ CO O CO - O CO T}< CO 01 rH O CO CO O CO CO SSSiSS CO O CO CO CO "tf CO CM rH O 01 (N <> CM tH SO t>* CG CN r-l O OS OO rH r-l rH O O oo oo oo oo QO 1^. CO O -*f CO 00000 CO OO CO OO OO OO M i OS 00 ^ O O O OS OS OS b t>. CO OS O CN (M r-< O O OS rH r-i rH rH O C. O KTi rji CN OQ . O lO -n 10 o 10 ui wrs o CO (M r-l OS CO b S 10 u-; ?o ^ os 03 - lO o o o o o CM CM C- !> t>. t->. l>- o> oo * -:o in OO CO CO CO OO OO # CO - t^ OO OS O xh CO CN r-H r-, 0000 o; oo r~- co O <* CO CM i 1 O CO ^H _ O O r-i (N CM O TJ< CO - CD CN CM CM (M TO CO -M r-l O CO ^ o "* CO C<) r-l O OS OO t-^ CO O ^ CO r-H O 1 1 000000 j 00 o O <* CO (M r-l O OS OO t--- CO -rfi CO <>1 i-H O s 000000 fa o o o o o O * CO (M rH O OS 00 t^ O O O O O co 10 -^ti co r7 ^H i-H b CO CO CO CO SO O kT5 Tfi CO (M T^H i-( rH r-H rH CO CO CO CO CO .i i O OS OO J^. r-l r-t O ~ O CO CO CO CO TO CO CO > Tt< ^ CN fc> O O ?D O O O IO * CO (N IO O O O 1O rH O OS OO t^ IO IO 10 >Q O CO 10 -n TO er cent. Found by Titrating SO 8 . Contains per cent. H 2 S0 4 . Free S0 3 . H 2 S0 4 . Free S0 3 . TT Qn Free M 2 bU 4 . SQ ^ 81-6326 100 87-8775 66 34 94-1224 32 68 81-8163 99 1 88-0612 65 35 94-3061 31 69 82-0000 98 2 88-2448 64 36 94-4897 30 70 82-1836 97 3 88-4285 63 37 94-6734 29 71 82-3674 96 4 88-6122 62 38 94-8571 28 72 82-5510 95 5 88-7959 61 39 95-0408 27 73 82-7346 94 6 88-9795 60 40 95-2244 26 74 82-9183 93 7 89-1632 59 41 95-4081 25 75 83-1020 92 8 89-3469 58 42 95-5918 24 76 83-2857 91 9 89-5306 57 43 95-7755 23 77 83-4693 90 10 89-7142 56 44 95-9591 22 78 83-6530 89 11 89-8979 55 45 96-1428 21 79 83-8367 88 12 90-0816 54 46 96-3265 20 80 84-0204 87 13 90-2653 53 47 96-5102 19 81 84-2040 86 14 90-4489 52 48 96-6938 18 82 84-3877 85 15 90-6326 51 49 96-8775 17 83 84-5714 84 16 90-8163 50 50 97-0612 16 84 84-7551 83 17 91-0000 49 51 97-2448 15 85 84-9387 82 18 91-1836 48 52 97-4285 14 86 85-1224 81 19 91-3673 47 53 97-6122 13 87 85-3061 80 20 91-5510 46 54 97-7959 12 88 85-4897 79 21 91-7346 45 55 97-9795 11 89 85-6734 78 22 91-9183 44 56 98-1632 10 90 85-8571 77 23 92-1020 43 57 98-3469 9 91 86-0408 76 24 92-2857 42 58 98-5306 8 92 86-2244 75 25 92-4093 41 59 98-7142 7 93 86-4081 74 26 92-6530 40 60 98-8979 6 94 86-5918 73 27 92-8367 39 61 99-0816 5 95 867755 72 28 93-0204 38 62 99-2653 4 96 86-9591 71 29 93-2040 37 63 99-4489 3 97 87-1428 70 30 93-3877 36 64 99-6326 2 98 87-3265 69 31 93-5714 35 65 99-8163 1 99 87-5102 68 32 93-7551 34 66 87-6938 67 33 93-9387 33 67 861 TABLE LXXIIe. continued. 39. Table for the Preparation of Solutions of Sulphuric Acid of given strength by mixing Acid of Specific Gravity 1'85 with Water. (Atithon.) 100 parts Water at 15-20 C., mixed with n parts of Acid of Specific Gravity of 1-85. Give Acid possessing a Specific Gravity of 100 parts Water at 15-20 C., mixed with n parts of Acid of Specific Gravity of l'8o. Give Acid possessing a Specific Gravity of 100 parts Water at 15-20 C., mixed with n parts of Acid of Specific Gravity of 1-85. Give Acid possessing a Specific Gravity of n= I 1-009 n=l30 1-456 71 = 370 1-723 2 015 140 473 380 727 5 035 150 490 390 730 10 060 160 510 400 733 15 090 170 530 410 737 20 113 180 543 420 740 25 140 190 556 430 743 30 165 200 568 440 746 35 187 210 580 450 750 40 210 220 593 460 754 45 229 230 606 470 757 50 248 240 620 480 760 55 265 250 630 490 763 60 280 260 640 500 766 65 297 270 648 510 768 70 312 280 654 520 770 75 326 290 667 530 772 80 340 300 678 540 774 85 357 310 689 550 776 90 372 320 700 560 777 95 386 330 705 570 778 100 398 340 710 580 779 110 420 350 714 590 780 120 438 360 719 600 782 862 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 40 Specific Gravity, etc., of Concentrated Solutions of Sulphuric Acid at 15 C. (Lunge and Naef.) Percentage of H 2 S0 4 . Specific Gravity. Degrees Baume. Percentage of H 2 S0 4 . Specific Gravity. Degrees Baume. Percentage of H 2 S0 4 . Specific Gravity. Degrees Baume. 90 1-8185 65-1 94 1-8372 65-9 98 1-8412 90-20 8195 94-84 8387 98-39 8406 91 8241 65-4 95 8390 66-0 98-66 8409 91-48 8271 95-97 8406 99 8403 92 8294 65-6 96 8406 66-0 99-47 8395 92-83 8334 97 8410 100-00 8384 93 8339 65-8 97-70 8413 41. Specific Gravity, etc., of Sulphurous Acid Solutions at 15 C. (Scott.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of S0 2 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of S0 2 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of S0 2 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of S0 2 . 1-0028 0-5 1-0168 3-0 1-0302 5-5 1-0426 8-0 0056 i-o 0194 3-5 0328 6-0 0450 8-5 0085 1-5 0221 4-0 0353 6-5 0474 9-0 0113 2-0 0248 4-5 0377 7-0 0497 9-5 0141 2-5 0275 5-0 0401 7-5 0520 10-0 863 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 42. Specific Gravity, etc., of Sulphurous Acid Solutions at 15 '5 C. (Gerlach, from Giles and Schearer.) 3cific vity. Percentage of S0 2 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of S0 2 . Specific Percentage Gravity. of S0 2 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of S0 2 . 051 1 1-0252 5 1-0453 9 1-0656 13 102 2 0302 6 0504 10 152 3 0352 7 0554 11 202 4 0402 8 0605 12 42A. Specific Gravity, etc., of Selenic Acid Solutions. (Cameron and Macallan.) Specific Gravity. Percentage H 2 SeO . Specific Gravity. Percentage H 2 Se0 4 . 1-9675 73'CO 2-4081 91 2-0922 . 79 4322 92 1216 80 4596 93 1479 81 4925 94 1757 82 5163 95 1946 83 5388 96 2258 84 5601 97 2558 85 5695 97-5 2795 86 5767 98 3061 87 5863 98-5 3291 88 5975 99 3568 89 6051 99-5 3848 90 6083 99-73 864 TABLE LXXIIc. continued, 43. Specific Gravity, etc., of Phosphoric Acid Solutions at 15 C. (Gerlach and Schiff.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of H 3 P0 4 . Percentage of P 2 0, Specific Gravity. Percentage of H,P0 4 . Percentage of i PA- 1-0054 1 0-726 1-1962 31 22-506 0109 2 1-452 2036 32 23-232 0164 3 2-178 2111 33 23-958 0220 4 2-904 2186 34 24-664 0276 5 - 3-630 2262 35 25-410 0333 6 4-356 2338 36 26-136 0390 7 5-082 2415 37 26-862 0449 8 5'8()8 2493 38 27-588 0508 9 6-534 2572 39 28-314 0567 10 7-260 2651 40 29-040 0627 11 7-986 2731 41 29-766 0688 12 8-712 2812 42 30-492 0749 13 9-438 2894 43 31-218 0811 14 10-164 2976 44 31-944 0874 15 10-890 3059 45 32-670 0937 16 11-616 3143 46 33-496 1001 17 12-342 3227 47 34-222 1065 18 13-068 3313 48 34-948 1130 19 13-794 3399 49 35-674 1196 20 14-520 3486 50 36-400 1262 21 15-246 3573 51 37-126 1329 22 15-972 3661 52 37-852 1397 23 16-698 3750 53 38-578 1465 24 17-424 3840 54 39-304 1534 25 18-150 3931 55 40-030 1604 26 18-876 4022 56 40-756 1674 27 19-602 4114 57 41-482 1745 28 20-328 4207 58 42-208 1817 29 21-054 4301 59 42-934 1889 30 21-780 4395 60 43-660 865 TABLE 'LXXllc. continued. 44. Specific Gravity, etc., of Phosphoric Acid Solutions at 15'5 C. (J. Watts.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of H 3 P0 4 . Percentage of P 2 5 . Specific : Gravity. Percentage of H 3 P0 4 . Percentage of P 2 5 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of H 3 P0 4 . Percentage of P 2 5 - 1-508 68-47 49-60 1-328 49-90 36-15 1-153 25-97 18-81 492 66-83 48-41 315 48-07 34-82 144 24-70 17-89 476 65-02 47-10 302 46-23 33-49 136 23-50 16-95 464 62-99 45-63 293 45-16 32-71 124 21-59 15-64 453 62-64 45-38 285 44-09 31-94 113 19-78 14-33 442 60-92 44-13 276 42-84 31-03 109 18-29 13-25 434 60-67 43-95 268 41-59 30-13 095 16-81 12-18 426 59-75 43-28 257 40-25 29-16 081 14-41 10-44 418 58-82 42-61 247 38-98 28-24 073 13-15 9-53 401 57-43 41-60 236 37-69 27-30 066 11-90 8-62 392 56-40 40-86 226 36-31 26-30 056 10-20 7-39 384 55-39 40-12 211 34-22 24-79 047 8-51 6-17 376 55-09 39-66 197 32-07 23-23 031 5-73 4-15 369 54-13 39-21 185 30-47 22-07 022 4-18 3-03 356 52-46 38-00 173 28-87 20-91 014 2-64 1-91 349 51-59 37-37 162 27-23 19-73 006 1-09 0-79 339 50-72 36-74 45. (a) Specific Gravity, etc., of Solutions of H 2 F 2 at 15 C. (Hart.) Specific Percent. Gravity, of H 2 F 2 . Specific Gravity. Percent, of H 2 F2. Specific Gravity. Percent, of H 2 F 2 . Specific Gravity. Percent of H 2 F 2 . Specific Gravity. Percent, of HjFy 1-01 2-9 1-06 17-4 I'll 31-9 1-16 46-4 1-21 60-9 02 5-8 07 20-3 12 34-8 17 49-3 22 63-8 03 8-7 08 23-2 13 37-7 18 52-2 23 66-7 04 11-6 09 26-1 14 40-6 19 55-1 24 69-6 05 14-5 10 29-0 15 43-5 20 58-0 25 72-5 I (b) Specific Gravity, etc., of Sodium Fluoride Solutions at 15 C. (Gerlach.) (c) Specific Gravity, etc., of Potassium Fluoride Solutions at 18 C. (Kohlrausch.) Specific Gravity. Percentage NaF. 1-0110 0221 0333 1-108 2-216 3-324 Specific Gravity. | Percentage KF. 1-041 084 176 272 378 5 10 20 30 40 866 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 46. Specific Gravity, etc., of Bromine Water. (Slessor.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of Br. Specific Gravity. Percentage of Br. Specific Gravity. Percentage of Br. 1-00901 1-022 (1-874 j (2-089) 1-01491 \ t0 1-01807 \ to t 00931 067 ( 1-906 ) (2-155) 00995 01223 205 231 01585 ( 1-952 , < to ( ( 2-009 ) 02367 (3-102) Sat- J f ( urated \ to > ( 3-169 j 47. Specific Gravity, etc., of Boracic Acid Solutions at 15 C. (Gerlach.) 48. Specific Gravity, etc., of Chloric Acid Solutions at 14 C. (Kammerer.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of H 3 B0 3 . 1-0034 1 0069 2 0106 3 0147 4 Specific Percentage of Gravity. HC10 3 . CIA- M28 19-000 16-98 161 23-823 21-29 262 39-982 35-73 49. Specific Gravity, etc., of lodic Acid Solutions at 14 C. Specific Percentage of Specific Percentage of Gravity. Gravity. HI0 3 . IA. HI0 3 . I 2 5 . 1-0053 1-054 1 1-4428 36-890 35 0203 5-270 5 5371 42-160 40 0525 10-540 10 6315 47-430 45 1223 15-810 15 7256 52-700 50 2093 21-080 20 8689 57-970 55 2773 26-350 25 9954 63-240 60 3484 31-620 30 2-1209 68-510 65 867 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 50. Specific Gravity, etc., of lodic Acid at 17 C. Specific Gravity. HIO 3 + ?i Aq. Specific Gravity. HI0 3 + n Aq. 1-6609 3660 1945 HI(X+10aq. + 20 + 40 1-1004 0512 0258 HI0 3 + 80 aq. + 160 + 320 51. Specific Gravity, etc., of Chromic Acid Solutions. (Zetnow, Gerlach, and Mendelejeff.) Density at 1 5 C. Specific Gravity at 17'5 C. Percentage of Cr0 3 . Density at 1 5 C. Specific Gravity at 17 -5 C. Pei oi 0-9992 1-000 o 1-324 1-312 1-036 037 5 383 373 076 076 10 445 440 119 118 15 510 512 166 162 20 579 587 215 208 25 665 268 258 30 of Cr0 3 . 35 40 45 50 55 60 52. Specific Gravity, etc., of Tungstic Acid Solutions. (Scheibler, Gerlach, and Mendelejeff.) Density at 15 C. Specific Gravity at 17'5 C. Percentage of W0 3 . Density at 15 C. Specific Gravity at 17'5 C. Percentage of W0 8 . 0-9992 1-0000 1-285 1-2873 25 1-047 0469 5 366 3660 30 098 0980 10 458 4540 35 153 1544 15 555 5527 40 214 2172 20 581 6630 45 7860 50 52A. Specific Gravity, etc., of Metatungstic Acid, H 2 W 4 13 + 7H 2 0, at 17'5. (Scheibler.) Specific Gravity, Percentage W0 3 , 1-0257 2-79 1-1275 12-68 1-3274 27-61 1-6343 43-75 868 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 52s. Specific Gravity, etc., of Colloidal Tungstic Acid. (Graham.) Specific Gravity, Percentage W0 3 , 1-0475 5- 1-2168 20- 1-8001 50- 2-596 66-5 3-234 79-8 53. Specific Gravity, etc., of Per-iodic Acid Solutions at 17. Specific Gravity. H 5 I0 6 + n Aq. Specific Gravity. H 5 I0 6 + n Aq. 1-4008 2165 1121 H 5 I0 6 + 20aq. + 40 + 80 1-0570 0288 H 5 IO G +160aq. + 320 54. Specific Gravity, etc., of Hydrofiuosilicic Acid at 17'5 C. (Stolba.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of H 2 SiF 6 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of H 2 SiF 6 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of H 2 SiF 6 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of H 2 SiF 6 . 1-3162 34-0 1-2285 25-5 1-1466 17-0 1-0704 8-5 3109 33-5 2235 25-0 1419 16-5 0661 8-0 3065 33-0 2186 24-5 1373 16-0 0618 7-5 3003 32-5 2136 24-0 1327 15-5 0576 7-0 2951 32-0 2087 23-5 1281 15-0 0533 6-5 2898 31-5 2038 23-0 1236 14-5 0491 6-0 2846 31-0 1989 22-5 1190 14-0 0449 5-5 2794 30-5 1941 22'0 1145 13-5 0407 5-0 2742 30-0 1892 21-5 1100 13-0 0366 4-5 2691 29-5 1844 21-0 1055 12-5 0324 4-0 2639 29-0 1796 20-5 1011 12-0 0283 , 3-5 2588 28-5 1748 20-0 0966 11-5 0242 3-0 2537 28-0 1701 19-5 0922 11-0 0201 2-5 2486 27-5 1653 19-0 0878 10-5 0161 2-0 2436 27:0 1606 18-5 0834 10-0 0120 1-5 2385 26-5 1559 18-0 0791 9-5 0080 1-0 2335 26-0 1512 17-5 0747 9-0 0040 0-5 869 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 55. Specific Gravity, etc., of Prussic Acid Solutions. (Ure.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of HCN. Specific Gravity. Percentage of HCN. Specific Gravity. Percentage of HCN. 0-9570 16-0 0-9923 5-0 0-9967 2-5 9768 10-6 9930 4'6 9970 2-3 9815 9-1 9940 4-0 9973 2-1 9840 8-0 9945 3-6 9974 2-0 9870 7-3 9952 3-2 9975 1-77 9890 6-4 9958 3-0 9978 1-68 9900 5-8 9964 2-7 9979 1-60 9914 5-3 56. Specific Gravity, etc., of Prussic Acid Solutions. (Gerlach.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of HCN. Specific Gravity. Percentage of HCN. 0-9988 1 0-9895 6 9974 2 9869 7 9958 3 9840 8 9940 4 9811 9 9919 5 9781 10 57. Specific Gravity, etc., of Formic Acid Solutions at 15 C. (Gerlach.) Specific Gravity. Percentage ofHCOOH. Specific Gravity. Percentage ofHCOOH. Specific Gravity. Percentage ofHCOOH. Specific Gravity. Percentage ofHCOOH. 1-0025 1 1-0200 8 1-0925 35 1-1610 70 0050 2 0225 9 1050 40 1705 75 0075 3 0250 10 1145 45 1800 80 0100 4 0390 15 1240 50 1905 85 0125 5 0530 20 1330 55 2010 90 0150 6 0665 25 1420 60 2120 95 0175 7 0800 30 1515 65 2230 100 - VOL. II. 3 K 870 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 58. Specific Gravities, etc., of Acetic Acid Solutions at 15 C. (Oudemans.) *oW II feW PLIO Density. Sp. Gr. s S Q O CO feffi OnO Density. Sp. Gr. Percent, of CH 3 COOH. Density. Sp. Gr. 0-9992 0-9983 34 1-0459 1-0426 68 1-0725 1-0679 1 1-0007 97 35 70 37 69 29 83 2 22 1-0012 36 81 48 70 33 86 3 37 26 37 92 58 71 37 89 4 52 41 38 1-0502 68 72 40 91 5 67 55 39 13 78 73 42 93 6 83 69 40 23 88 74 44 95 7 98 84 41 33 98 75 46 97 8 1-0113 98 42 43 1-0507 76 47 99 9 27 1-0112 43 52 16 77 48 1-0700 10 42 26 44 62 25 78 48 00 11 57 40 45 71 34 79 48 00 12 71 54 46 80 43 80 48 1-0699 13 85 68 47 89 51 81 47 98 14 1-0200 81 48 98 59 82 46 96 15 14 95 49 1-0607 67 83 44 94 16 28 1-0208 50 15 75 84 42 91 17 42 22 51 23 83 85 39 88 18 56 35 52 31 90 86 36 84 19 70 48 53 38 97 87 31 79 20 84 61 54 46 1-0604 88 26 74 21 98 74 55 53 11 89 20 68 22 1-0311 87 56 60 18 90 13 60 23 24 99 57 66 24 91 05 52 24 37 1-0312 58 73 30 92 1-0696 43 25 50 24 59 79 36 93 86 32 26 63 36 60 85 42 94 74 20 27 75 48 61 91 48 95 60 06 28 88 60 62 97 53 96 44 1-0589 29 1-0400 72 63 1-0702 58 97 25 70 30 12 83 64 07 63 98 04 49 31 24 94 65 12 67 99 10580 25 32 36 1-0405 66 17 71 100 53 1-0497 33 47 16 67 21 75 871 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 59. Density, etc., of Acetic Acid Solutions. Density at C. Density at 15C. Density at 20 C. Density at 40 C. Percent, of GH 3 COOH Density at C. Density at 15 C. Density at 20 C. Density at 40 C. Percent, of CH 3 COOH. 0-9999 0-9992 0-9983 0-9924 1-0560 1-0470 1-0437 1-0300 35 1-0016 1-0007 0-9997 9936 1 0573 0481 0448 0308 36 0033 0022 1-0012 9948 2 0585 0492 0458 0316 37 0051 0037 0026 9960 3 0598 0502 0468 0324 38 0069 0052 0041 9972 4 0610 0513 0478 0332 39 0088 0067 0055 9984 5 0622 0523 0488 0340 40 0106 0083 0069 9996 6 0634 0533 0498 0348 41 0124 0098 0084 1-0008 7 0646 0543 0507 0355 42 0142 0113 0098 0020 8 0657 0552 0516 0363 43 0159 0127 0112 0032 9 0668 0562 0525 0370 44 0176 0142 0126 0044 10 0679 0571 0534 0377 45 0194 0157 0140 0056 11 0690 0580 0543 0384 46 0211 0171 0154 0067 12 0700 0589 0551 0391 47 0228 0185 0168 0079 13 0710 0598 0559 0497 48 0245 0200 0181 0090 14 0720 0607 0567 0404 49 0262 0214 0195 0101 15 0730 0615 0575 0410 50 0279 0228 0208 0112 16 0740 0623 0583 0416 51 0295 0242 0222 0123 17 0749 0631 0590 0423 52 0311 0256 0235 1 0134 18 0758 0638 0597 0429 53 0327 0270 0248 0144 19 0767 0646 0604 0434 54 0343 0284 0261 0155 20 0775 0653 0611 0440 55 0359 0298 0274 0166 21 0783 0660 0618 0445 56 0374 0311 0287 0176 22 0791 0666 0624 0450 57 0390 0324 0299 0187 23 0798 0673 0630 0455 58 0405 0337 0312 0197 24 0806 0679 0636 0460 59 0420 0350 0324 0207 25 0813 0685 0642 0464 60 0435 0363 0336 0217 ! 26 0820 0691 0648 0468 61 0450 0375 0348 0227 27 0826 0697 0653 0472 62 0465 0388 0360 0236 28 0832 0702 0658 0475 63 0479 0400 0372 0246 29 0838 0707 0663 0479 64 0493 0412 0383 0255 30 0845 ! 0712 0667 : 0482 65 0507 0424 0394 0264 31 0851 0717 0671 ; 0485 66 0520 0436 0405 0274 32 0856 0721 0675 i 0488 67 0534 0447 0416 0283 : 33 0861 0725 0679 0491 68 0547 0459 0426 0291 34 0866 0729 0683 0493 69 872 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 59. Density, etc., of Acetic Acid Solutions. continued. Density at C. Density at 15 C. Density at 20 C. Density at 40 C. Percent, of CH 3 COOH. Density at C. Density Density at 15 C. at 20 C. Density at 40 C. Percent, of CHgCOOH. ; 1-0871 1-0733 1-0686 1-0495 70 1-0889 1-0736 1-0684 1'0475 86 0875 0737 0689 0497 71 0885 0731 0679 0469 87 0879 0740 0691 0498 72 0881 0726 0674 0462 88 0883 0742 0693 0499 73 0876 0720 0668 0455 89 0886 0744 0695 0500 74 0871 0713 0660 0447 90 0888 0746 0697 0501 75 0705 0652 0438 91 0891 0747 0699 (>5ol 76 0696 0643 0428 92 0893 0748 0700 0501 77 0686 0632 0416 93 0894 0748 0700 0500 78 0674 0620 0403 94 0896 0748 0700 0499 : 79 0660 0606 0388 95 0897 0748 0699 0497 80 0644 0589 0370 96 0897 0747 0698 0495 81 0625 0570 0350 97 0897 0746 0696 0492 82 0604 0549 0327 98 0896 0744 0694 0489 i 83 0580 0525 0301 99 0894 0742 0691 0485 84 0553 0497 0273 100 0892 0739 0688 0481 85 60. Specific Gravity and Volume Percentage of Acetic Acid Solutions at 15* C. (Duclaux,) Specific Gravity. Percent, of CH 3 COOH by Volume. Specific Gravity. Percent, of CH 3 COOH by Volume. 1-001 1 1-060 50 004 3 067 60 0075 5 070 70 0155 10 073 80 0275 20 073 90 0410 30 0635 100 0515 40 873 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 61. Specific Gravity, etc., of Arsenic Acid Solutions at 15 C. (E. Kopp.) 1. Specific Gravity. Percentage of As 2 5 - Percentage of H 3 As0 4 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of AsA Percentage of H 3 As0 4 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of AsA- Percentage of H 3 As0 4 . 1-00 o-oo o-oo 1-45 40-55 50-40 1-90 61-85 76-30 05 6-25 771 50 43-55 53-70 95 63-50 78-30 10 11-85 14-60 55 46-30 57-10 2-00 65-00 80-20 15 17-05 21-04 60 49-00 60-40 05 66-85 82-50 20 21-80 26-90 65 51-50 63-50 10 68-10 84-07 25 26'15 32-20 70 53-80 66-40 15 70-00 86-40 30 30-15 37-20 75 56-00 69-10 20 71-25 87-90 35 33-85 41-70 80 58-00 71-60 25 72-55 89-50 40 37-30 46-04 85 60-00 74-07 30 73-85 91-10 62. II. Specific Gravity. Percentage of As 2 5 . Percent- age of H 3 As0 4 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of AsA Percent- age of H 3 As0 4 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of AsA- Percentage of H 3 As0 4 . 1-0337 4-05 5 1-2342 24-30 30 1-5320 44-55 55 0690 8-10 10 2840 28-35 35 6086 48-60 60 1061 12-15 15 3882 32-40 40 6919 52-65 65 1457 16-20 20 3973 36-45 45 7827 56-70 70 1882 20-25 25 4617 40-50 50 63. III. (Schiff.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of AsA Percentage of H :J As0 4 . 1-7346 54-6 67-4 3973 36-4 45 2350 24-3 30 1606 18-2 22-5 1052 12-2 15-0 0495 6-1 7-5 874 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 64. Specific Gravity, etc., of Oxalic Acid Solutions at 15 C. (Franz.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of H 2 C 2 4 + 2H 2 0. Specific Gravity. Percentage of H 2 C 2 4 + 2H 2 0. Specific Gravity. Percentage of H 2 C 2 4 + 2H 2 0. 1-0032 1 1-0182 6 1-0271 10 0064 2 0204 7 0289 10 0096 3 0226 8 0309 12 0128 4 0248 9 0320 12-6 0160 5 65. Specific Gravity, etc., of Oxalic Acid Solutions at 17 '5 C. (Gerlach.) Percentage of Percentage of Percentage of Specific Specific Specific Gravity. Gravity. Gravity. H 2 C 2 4 + 2H 2 0. H 2 C 2 4 . H 2 C 2 4 + 2H 2 0. HoC 2 4 . H 2 C 2 4 + 2H 2 0. H 2 C 2 4 . 1-0035 1 07142 1-0210 6 4-2852 1-0350 10 7-1420 0070 9 1-4284 0245 7 ' 4-9994 0385 11 7-8562 0105 3 2-1426 0280 8 5-7136 0420 12 8-5704 0140 4 2-8568 0315 9 6-4278 0455 13 9-1285 0175 5 3-5710 66. Specific Gravity, etc., of Tartaric Acid Solutions at 15 C. (Gerlach.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of C 2 H 2 (OH) 2 (COOH) 2 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of C 2 H 2 (OH) 2 (COOH) 2 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of C 2 H 2 (OH) 2 (COOH) 2 . 1-0045 1 1-0969 20 1-2078 40 0090 2 1072 22 2198 42 0179 4 1175 24 2317 44 0273 6 1282 26 2441 46 0371 8 1393 28 2568 48 0469 10 1505 30 2696 50 0565 12 1615 32 2828 52 0661 14 1726 34 2961 54 0761 16 1840 36 3093 56 0865 18 1959 38 3220 57-9 875 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 67. Specific Gravity, etc., of Citric Acid Solutions at 15 C. (Gerlach.) Specific Percentage of Specific Percentage of Specific Percentage of Gravity. CgHgOf + I^O. Gravity. C 6 H 8 7 + H 2 0. Gravity. C 6 H 8 7 + H 2 0. 1-0074 2 1-1060 26 1-2204 50 0149 4 1152 28 2307 52 0227 6 1244 30 2410 54 0309 8 1333 32 2514 56 0392 10 1422 34 2627 58 0470 12 1515 36 2738 60 0549 14 1612 38 2849 62 0632 16 1709 40 2960 64 0718 18 1814 42 3071 66 0805 20 1899 44 3076 66-1 0889 22 1998 46 0972 24 2103 48 68. Specific Gravity, etc., of Tannic Acid Solutions at 15 C. (Trammer.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of Tannin Ci4H 10 9 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of Tannin C ]4 H 10 9 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of Tannin 14 H ]0 9 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of Tannin C 14 H 10 9 . 1 -0040 1-0 1-0084 2-1 1-0124 3-1 1-0164 4-1 0044 1-1 0088 2-2 0128 3'2 0168 4'2 0048 1-2 0092 2-3 0132 3-3 0172 4-3 0052 1-3 0096 2-4 0136 3-4 0176 4-4 0056 1-4 0100 2-5 0140 3-5 0180 4-5 0060 1-5 0104 2-6 0144 3-6 0184 4-6 0064 1-6 0108 2-7 0148 3-7 0188 4-7 0068 1-7 0112 2-8 0152 3-8 0192 4-8 0072 1-8 0116 2-9 0156 3-9 0196 4-9 0076 1-9 0120 s-o 0160 4-0 0200 5-0 0080 2-0 69. Specific Gravity, etc., of Ammonium Chloride Solutions at 15 C. (Gerlach.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of NH 4 C1. Specific Gravity. Percentage ofNH 4 Cl. Specific Gravity. Percentage ofNH 4 Cl. 1-00316 1 1-03081 10 1-05648 19 00632 2 03370 11 05929 20 00948 3 03658 12 06204 21 01264 4 03947 13 06479 22 01580 5 04325 14 06754 23 01880 6 04524 15 07029 24 02180 7 04805 16 07304 25 02481 8 05086 17 07575 26 02781 9 05367 18 07658 26-297 876 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 70. Specific Gravity, etc., of Ammonium Chloride Solutions at 19 C. (Schiff.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of NH 4 C1. Specific Gravity. Percentage of NH 4 C1. Specific Gravity. Percentage of NH 4 C1. Specific Gravity. Percentage ofNH 4 Cl. 10029 1 1-0263 9 1-0495 17 1-0714 25 0058 2 0293 10 0523 18 0741 26 0087 3 0322 11 0551 19 0768 27 0116 4 0351 12 0579 20 0794 28 0145 5 0380 13 0606 21 0820 29 0174 6 0409 14 0633 22 0846 30 0203 7 0438 15 0660 23 0233 8 0467 16 0687 24 Kohlrausch gives the following : 5% NH 4 C1, Sp. Gr. 1-0142; 10% NH 4 C1, Sp. Gr. 1-0289; 15% NH 4 C1, Sp. Gr. 1-0430; 20% NH 4 C1, Sp. Gr. 1-0571 ; and 25% NH 4 C1, Sp. Gr. 1'0710. 71. Specific Gravity, etc., of Lithium Chloride Solutions at 15 C. (Gerlach.) Kohlrausch gives at 15 C. Specific Gravity. Percent, of LiCl. Specific Gravity. Percent, of LiCl. Specific Gravity. Percent, of LiCl. Specific Gravity. Percent, of LiCl. 1-006 1 1-064 11 1-124 21 1-189 31 012 2 070 12 130 22 196 32 018 3 076 13 136 23 203 33 024 4 081 14 142 24 210 34 030 5 086 15 148 25 218 35 035 6 093 16 155 26 225 36 040 7 099 17 161 27 232 37 046 8 104 18 168 28 240 38 051 9 110 19 175 29 248 39 058 10 1172 | 20 1819 30 2557 40 Percent, of LiCl. Specific Gravity. 1 1-006 5 030 10 058 15 086 20 117 25 148 30 182 35 219 40 256 72. Specific Gravity, etc., of Sodium Chloride Solutions at 15 C. (Gerlach.) Specific Gravity. Percentage ofNaCl. Specific Gravity. Percentage ofNaCl. Specific Gravity. Percentage of NaCl. 1-00725 1 1-07335 10 1-14315 19 01450 02174 02899 03624 04366 05108 05851 06593 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 08097 08859 09622 10384 11146 11938 12730 13523 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 15107 15931 16755 17580 18404 19228 20098 20433 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 26-395 877 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 73. Specific Gravity, etc., of Sodium Chloride Solutions at 20 C. (Schiff.) Sp. Gr. Pet. of NaCl. Sp. Gr. Pet. of NaCl. Sp. Gr. Pet. of NaCl. Qrv n* Pet. of Sp ' Gr ' NaCl. Sp. Gr. Pet. of NaCl. 1-0066 1 1-0483 7 1-0934 13 1-1408 19 1-1906 25 0133 2 0556 8 1012 14 1490 20 1990 26 0201 3 0630 9 1090 15 1572 21 2075 27 0270 4 0705 10 1168 16 1655 22 0340 5 0781 11 1247 17 1738 ! 23 0411 6 0857 12 1327 18 1822 1 24 74. Specific Gravity at C. and Maximum Density of NaCl Solutions. (Rosetti.) 75. Kohlrausch gives the following for NaCl Solutions at 18 C. Percentage of NaCl. Sp. Gr. of Solution at 0C. Temperature at which Solution attains Maxi- mum Density. Maximum Density. 1-000000 + 4 1-000130 0-5 003925 + 3 003988 1 007634 + 1-77 007666 2 015366 - 0-58 015367 3 023530 - 3'24 023583 4 030669 - 5-63 030890 6 045975 -11-07 046952 Percentage of NaCl. Sp. Gr. of Solution. 5 1-0345 10 0707 15 1087 20 1477 25 1898 26 1982 26-4 2014 76. Specific Gravity, etc., of Potassium Chloride Solutions at 15 C. (Gerlach.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of KC1. Specific Gravity. Percentage of KC1. Specific Gravity. Percentage of KC1. 1-00650 1 1-06580 10 1-12179 18 01300 2 07271 11 12849 19 01950 3 07962 12 13608 20 02600 4 08650 13 14348 21 03250 5 0934k 14 15088 22 03916 6 10036 15 15828 23 04582 7 10750 16 16568 24 05248 8 11465 17 17234 24-9 05914 9 878 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 77. Specific Gravity, etc., of Potassium Chloride Solutions at 17 '5 C. (Schiff.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of KC1. Specific Gravity. Percentage of KC1. Specific Gravity. Percentage of KC1. 1-0062 1 1-0586 9 1-1152 17 0125 2 0655 10 1225 18 0189 3 0725 11 1298 19 0254 4 0795 12 1372 20 0319 5 0866 13 1446 21 0385 6 0937 14 1521 22 0451 7 1008 15 1597 23 0518 8 1080 16 1673 25 78. Kohlrausch gives the following for KC1 Solutions at 18 C. : Percent, of KC1. Specific Gravity. Percent, of KC1. Specific Gravity. 5 1-0308 20 1-1335 10 0638 25 1408 15 0978 79. Specific Gravity, etc., of Rubidium Chloride Solutions. (Tammann.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of RbCl. Wt. of RbCl to each lOOgrms. of Water. 1-1066 11-614 13-14 2156 20-559 25-88 2675 24-881 33-13 879 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 80. Specific Gravity, etc., of Magnesium Chloride Solutions at 24 C. (Schiff.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of MgCl 2 + 6H 2 0. Percentage of MgCla. Specific Gravity. Percentage of MgCl 2 +6H 2 0. Percentage of MgCl 2 . 1-0069 2 0-936 1-1519 42 19-656 0138 4 1-872 1598 44 20-592 0207 6 2-808 1677 46 21-528 0276 8 3-744 1756 48 22-464 0345 10 4-680 1836 50 23-400 0415 12 5-616 1918 52 24-336 0485 14 6-552 2000 54 25272 0556 16 7-488 2083 56 26-208 0627 18 8-424 2167 58 27-144 0698 20 9-360 2252 60 28-080 0770 22 10-296 2338 62 29-016 0842 24 11-232 2425 64 29-952 0915 26 12-168 2513 66 30-888 0988 28 13-104 2602 68 31-824 1062 30 14-040 2692 70 32-760 1137 32 14-976 2783 72 33-696 1212 34 15-912 2875 74 34-632 1288 36 16-848 2968 76 35-568 1364 38 17-784 3063 78 36-504 1441 40 18-720 3159 80 37-440 81. Specific Gravity, etc., of Magnesium Chloride Solutions at 15 C. (Gerlach.) Sp. Gr. Pet. of MgCl 2 . Sp. Gr. Pet. of MgCl 2 . Sp. Gr. Pet. of MgCl 2 . Sp. Gr. Pet of MgCl 2 . Sp. Gr. Pet. of MgCl 2 . 1-00844 1 1-06844 8 1-13106 15 1-19775 22 1-26897 29 01689 2 07718 9 14045 16 20762 23 27937 30 02533 3 08592 10 14984 17 21750 24 29029 31 03378 4 09495 11 15922 18 22737 25 30121 32 04222 5 10398 12 16861 19 23777 26 31213 33 05096 6 11300 13 17800 20 24817 27 32305 34 05970 7 12203 14 18787 21 25857 28 33397 35 880 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 82 Density etc of Magnesium Chloride Solutions at 14 C. (Oudemans.) Water at 14 C. =0-9993. Specific Gravity. Percentage of MgCl. 2 + 6H 2 0. Percentage of MgCl 2 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of MgCl a -H6H 2 0. Percentage of MgCl 2 . 1-0033 1 0-4687 1-1018 25 11-7186 0073 2 0-9375 1061 26 12-1873 0113 3 1-4062 1103 27 12-6561 0154 4 1-8750 1146 28 13-1248 0194 5 2-3437 1189 29 13-5936 0234 6 2-8125 1232 30 14-0623 0274 7 3-2812 1275 31 14-5311 0314 8 3-7499 1319 32 14-9998 0355 9 4-2187 1363 33 15-4685 0395 10 4-6874 1407 34 15-9373 0435 11 5-1562 1451 35 16-4060 0476 12 5-6249 1495 36 16-8748 0517 13 6-0937 1540 37 17-3435 0558 14 6-5624 1584 38 17-8123 0599 15 70312 1628 39 18-2810 0641 16 7-4999 1673 40 18-7498 0682 17 7-9686 1718 41 19-2185 0724 18 8-4374 1763 42 19-6872 0765 19 8-9061 1809 43 20-1560 0807 20 9-3749 1855 44 20-6247 0849 21 9-8436 1901 45 21-0935 0891 22 103124 1948 46 21-5622 0933 23 10-7811 1995 47 22-0310 0976 24 11-2499 2042 48 22-4997 Kohlrausch gives the following for solutions of MgCl 2 at 18 C. : 5% MgCl 2 , sp. gr. 1-0416; 10% MgCl 2 , sp. gr. 1-0859; 20% MgCl 2 , sp. gr. M764; 30% MgCl 2 , sp. gr. 1-2779; 34% MgCl 2 , sp. gr. 1'3210. 83. Specific Gravity, etc., of Calcium Chloride Solutions at 15 C. (Gerlach.) Specific Gravity. Percent, of CaCl a . Specific Gravity. Percent, of CaClg. Specific Gravity. Percent, of CaCl 2 . Specific Gravity. Percent, of CaCl 2 . 1-00852 1 1-09628 11 1-19251 21 1-29917 31 01704 2 10561 12 20279 22 31045 32 02555 3 11494 13 21308 23 32174 33 03407 4 12427 14 22336 24 33302 34 04259 5 13360 15 23365 25 34430 35 05146 6 14332 16 24450 26 35610 36 06033 7 15305 17 25535 27 36790 37 06921 8 16277 18 26619 28 37970 38 07808 9 17250 19 27704 29 39150 39 08695 10 18222 20 28789 30 40330 40 881 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 84. Specific Gravity, etc., of Calcium Chloride Solutions at 18'3 C. (Schiff.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of CaCl 2 + 6H 2 0. Percentage of CaCl 2 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of CaCl 2 + 6H 2 0. Percentage of CaCl 2 . 1-0039 1 0-507 1-1575 36 18-245 0079 2 1-014 1622 37 18-752 0119 3 1-521 1671 38 19-259 0159 4 2-028 1719 39 19-766 0200 5 2-534 1768 40 20-272 0241 6 3-041 1816 41 20-779 0282 7 3-548 1865 42 21-286 0323 8 4-055 1914 43 21-793 0365 9 4-562 1963 44 22-300 0407 10 5-068 2012 45 22-806 0449 11 5-575 2062 46 23-313 0491 12 6-082 2112 47 23-820 0534 13 6-587 2162 48 24-327 0577 14 7-096 2212 49 24-834 0619 15 7-601 2262 50 25-340 0663 16 8-107 2312 51 25-847 0706 17 8-611 2363 52 26-354 0750 18 9-121 2414 53 26-861 0794 19 9-625 2465 54 27-368 0838 20 10-136 2516 55 27-874 0882 21 10-643 2567 56 28-381 0927 22 11-150 2618 57 28-888 0972 23 11-657 2669 58 29-395 1017 24 12-164 2721 59 29-902 1062 25 12-670 2773 60 30-408 1107 26 13-177 2825 61 30-915 1153 27 13-684 2877 62 31422 1199 28 14-191 2929 63 31-929 1246 29 14-698 2981 64 32-436 1292 30 15-204 3034 65 32-942 1339 31 15-711 3087 66 33-449 1386 32 16-218 3140 67 33-956 1433 33 16-725 3193 68 34-463 1480 34 17-232 3246 69 34-970 1527 35 17-738 3300 70 35-476 85. Kohlrausch gives the following for CaCl 2 Solutions at 18 C. Percent, of CaCl 2 . Sp. Gr. Percent, of CaCl 2 . Sp. Gr. Percent, of CaCl 2 . Sp. Gr. Percent, of CaCl 2 . Sp. Gr. 5 1-0409 15 1-1311 25 1-2305 35 1-3420 10 0852 20 1794 30 2841 882 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 86. Specific Gravity, etc., of Strontium Chloride Solutions at 15 C. (Gerlach.) Percent of Salt. Specific Gravity. Percent of Salt. Specific Gravity. Percent of Salt. Specific Gravity. Sr01 2 SrCl 2 + 6H 2 SrCl 2 SrCl 2 + 6H 2 SrCl 2 SrCl 2 + 6H 2 1 1-00907 1-005 20 1-19890 1-112 39 1-236 2 01813 012 21 21073 119 40 243 3 02720 017 22 22255 125 41 250 4 03626 023 23 23439 130 42 259 5 04533 028 24 24622 136 43 265 6 05484 033 25 25805 143 44 272 7 06435 038 26 27085 148 45 280 8 07385 043 27 28363 155 46 288 9 08336 048 28 29642 161 47 295 10 09287 054 29 30920 168 48 302 11 10307 060 30 32199 175 49 310 12 11327 066 31 33575 181 50 318 13 12347 072 32 34951 188 51 325 14 13367 078 33 36327 195 52 333 15 14387 083 34 201 53 340 16 15488 090 35 209 54 349 17 16588 095 36 215 55 358 18 17689 100 37 222 56 365 19 18789 106 38 229 57 374 87. Kohlrausch gives the following for SrCL Solutions at 18 C. Percentage of SrCLj. Sp. Gr. Percentage ofSrd 2 Sp. Gr. Percentage- ofSrClg. ' Sp. Gr. 5 1-0443 15 1-1456 22 1-2259 10 0932 20 2023 883 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 88. Specific Gravity, etc., of Barium Chloride Solutions at 21 -5 C. (Schiff.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of BaCl 2 + 2H 2 0. Percentage of BaCl 2 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of BaCl 2 + 2H 2 0. Percentage of BaCl 2 . 1-0073 1 0-853 1-1302 16 13-641 0147 2 1-705 1394 17 14-490 0222 3 2-558 1488 18 15-346 0298 4 3-410 1584 19 16-199 0374 5 4-263 1683 20 17-051 0452 6 5-115 1783 21 17-904 0530 7 5-968 1884 22 18-756 0610 8 6-821 1986 23 19-609 0692 9 7-673 2090 24 20-461 0776 10 8-526 2197 25 21-314 0861 11 9379 2304 26 22-166 0947 12 10-231 2413 27 23-019 1034 13 11-084 2523 28 23-871 1122 14 11-936 2636 29 24-724 1211 15 12-789 2750 30 25-577 89. Specific Gravity, etc., of Barium Chloride Solutions at 15 C. (Gerlach.) Sp. Gr. Percent. ofBaC! 2 . Sp. Gr. Percent, of BaCl 2 . Sp. Gr. Percent. ofBa01 2 . Sp. Gr. Percent, of BaCl 2 . Sp. Gr. Percent. ofBaCl 2 . 1-00917 1 1-05569 6 1-10576 11 1-15999 16 1-21892 21 01834 2 06554 7 11643 12 17152 17 23173 22 02750 3 07538 8 12711 13 18305 18 24455 23 03667 4 08523 9 13778 1 14 19458 19 25736 24 04584 5 09508 10 14846 15 20611 20 27017 25 90. Kohlrausch gives the following for BaCl 2 Solutions at 18 C. Percentage of BaCl 2 . Specific Gravity. 5 1-0445 10 0939 15 1473 20 2047 24 2559 884 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 91. Specific Gravity, etc., of Aluminium Chloride Solutions at 15 C. (Gerlach.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of A1 2 C1 6 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of A1,C1 6 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of A1 2 C1 6 . Specific Gravity. Percentage ofAl a Cl 6 . 1-00721 1 1-08902 12 1-17953 23 1-28080 34 01443 2 09684 13 18815 24 29046 35 02164 3 10466 14 19676 25 30066 36 02885 4 11248 15 20584 26 31086 37 03603 5 12073 16 21493 27 32106 38 04353 6 12897 17 22406 28 33126 39 05099 7 13721 18 23310 29 34146 40 05845 8 14545 19 24219 30 35224 41 06591 9 15370 20 25184 31 35359 41-126 07337 10 16231 21 26149 32 08120 11 17092 22 27115 33 92. Specific Gravity, etc., of Manganese Chloride Solutions at 15 C. (Gerlach.) Percentage of Compound. Specific Gravity corresponding to MnCl 2 + 4H 2 0. Specific Gravity corresponding to MnC] 2 . 5 1-0285 1-045 10 057 091 15 086 138 20 116 189 25 147 245 30 180 306 35 214 372 40 250 443 45 290 514 50 331 55 375 60 419 65 463 70 508 885 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 93. Specific Gravity, etc., of Ferric Chloride Solutions at 17-5 C. (Franz.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of Fe 2 Cl 6 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of Fe 2 Cl 6 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of Fe 2 Cl 6 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of Fe 2 Ul fi . 1-0073 1 1-1297 17 1-2883 33 1-4742 49 0146 2 1378 18 2988 34 4867 50 0219 3 1458 19 3093 35 5010 51 0292 4 1542 20 3199 36 5153 52 0365 5 1644 21 3305 37 5296 53 0439 6 1746 22 3411 38 5439 54 0513 7 1848 23 3517 39 5582 55 0587 8 1950 24 3622 40 5729 56 0661 9 2052 25 3746 41 5876 57 0734 10 2155 26 3870 42 6023 58 0814 11 2258 27 3994 43 6170 59 0894 12 2365 28 4118 44 6317 60 0974 13 2464 29 4242' 45 1054 14 2568 30 4367 46 1134 15 2673 31 4492 47 1215 16 2778 32 4617 48 94. Specific Gravity, etc., of Ferric Chloride Solutions at 17 0< 5 C. (Hager.) Specific Gravity. Percentage ofFe 2 01 6 . Specific Gravity. Percentage ofFe 2 C! 6 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of Fe 2 Cl 6 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of Fe 2 Cl 6 . 1-008 1 1-140 16 1-304 31 1-494 46 016 2 150 17 316 32 507 47 025 3 160 18 328 33 520 48 033 4 170 19 340 34 533 49 042 5 180 20 352 35 547 50 051 6 191 21 364 36 560 51 060 7 202 22 376 37 573 52 069 8 212 23 390 38 587 53 078 9 223 24 403 39 600 54 087 10 234 25 415 40 612 55 095 11 245 26 428 41 624 56 104 12 256 27 441 42 636 57 113 13 268 28 454 43 648 58 123 14 280 29 469 44 659 59 131 15 292 30 481 45 670 60 95. Specific Gravity, etc., of Ferric Chloride Solutions. (Schult and Gerlach.) Percentage of Fe 2 Cl 6 . Specific Gravity at 4 -8 C. 9 70. 14 -6 C. 19-7 C. 2-70 1-0221 4-65 0382 10-45 1-0939 1-0930 0918 1-0901 16-79 1534 1521 1507 1491 22-54 2140 2129 2107 2090 24-60 2351 2334 2318 2298 33-25 3381 3359 3339 3317 36-95 3847 3824 3800 41-00 4413 4387 4361 4335 49-61 5609 5575 5540 5497 VOL. II. 886 TABLE L XX lie. continued. 96. Specific Gravity, etc., of Cobalt Chloride (and of Nickel Chloride) Solutions at 17-5 C. (Franz.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of CoCl 2 or NiCl 2 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of CoCI 2 or NiCl 2 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of CoClo or NiCl 2 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of CoCl 2 or NiCl 2 . 1-0099 1 1-0795 8 1-1460 14 1-2245 20 0198 2 0895 9 1579 15 2396 21 0297 3 0997 10 . 1711 16 2547 22 0396 4 1112 11 1844 17 2698 23 0496 5 1228 12 1977 18 2849 24 0595 6 1344 13 2110 19 3002 25 0695 7 97. Specific Gravity, etc., of Cupric Chloride Solutions at 17'5 C. (Franz.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of CuCl 2 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of CuCl 2 . Specific Gravity. Percentage ofCuCljs. Specific Gravity. Percentage of Cu01 a . 1-0091 1 1-1049 11 1-2362 21 1-3784 31 0182 2 1178 12 2501 22 3950 32 0273 3 1307 13 2640 23 4116 33 0364 4 1436 14 2779 - 24 4287 34 0455 5 1565 15 2918 25 4447 35 0548 6 1696 16 3058 26 4615 36 0641 7 1827 17 3198 27 4782 37 0734 8 1958 18 3338 28 4949 38 0827 9 2089 19 3478 29 5116 39 0920 10 2223 20 3618 30 5284 40 98. Specific Gravity, etc., of Zinc Chloride Solutions at 19 '5 C. (Kremers.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of ZnCl 2 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of ZnCl 2 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of ZnCl 2 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of ZnCl 2 . 1-010 1 1-146 16 1-304 31 1-500 46 020 2 155 17 316 32 518 47 029 3 165 18 329 33 533 48 037 4 175 19 340 34 550 49 045 5 186 20 352 35 566 50 053 6 196 21 366 36 581 51 063 7 207 22 380 37 600 52 072 8 218 23 392 38 615 53 082 9 228 24 406 39 631 54 091 10 238 25 420 40 650 55 100 11 249 26 432 41 669 56 110 1'2 260 27 446 42 686 57 120 13 270 28 460 43 704 58 128 14 281 29 473 44 724 59 137 15 291 30 488 45 740 60 887 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 99. Specific Gravity, etc., of Cadmium Chloride Solutions at 19 '5 C. (Kremers and Gerlach.) Specific Gravity. Percent. CdCl 2 . Specific Gravity. Percent. CdCl 2 . 1-045 5 1-472 40 089 10 656 50 195 20 890 60 321 30 100. Specific Gravity, etc., of Stannous Chloride Solutions at 15 C. (Gerlach.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of SnCl 2 + 2H 2 0. Specific Gravity. Percentage of SnCl 2 + 2H 2 0. Specific Gravity. Percentage of SnCl 2 + 2H 2 0. 1-007 1 1-203 27 1-484 53 013 2 212 28 497 54 020 3 221 29 5106 55 026 4 2300 30 525 56 0331 5 240 31 539 57 040 6 249 32 554 58 047 7 259 33 568 59 054 8 268 34 5823 60 061 9 2779 35 598 61 0684 10 288 36 613 62 076 11 299 37 629 63 083 12 309 38 644 64 090 13 319 39 6598 65 097 14 3298* 40 677 66 1050 15 341 41 694 67 113 16 352 42 711 68 121 17 363 43 728 69 128 18 374 44 7452 70 136 19 3850 45 764 71 1442 20 397 46 783 72 152 21 409 47 802 73 161 22 421 48 821 74 169 23 433 49 177 24 4451 50 840 75 1855 25 458 51 194 26 471 52 888 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 101. Specific Gravity, etc., of Stannic Chloride Solutions at 15 C. (Gerlach.) Specific Percentage of Gravity. I SnCl 4 + 5H 2 0. Specific Gravity. Percentage of SnCl 4 + 5H 2 0. Specific Gravity. Percentage of SnCl 4 + 5H 2 0. 1-006 1 1-218 33 1-5255 65 012 2 2268 34 538 66 018 3 233 35 550 67 024 4 242 36 563 68 0298 5 250 37 575 69 036 6 259 38 5873 70 042 7 267 39 601 71 048 8 2755 40 614 72 053 9 284 41 627 73 0593 10 293 42 641 74 066 11 302 43 6543 75 072 12 310 44 669 76 078 13 3193 45 683 77 084 14 329 46 698 78 0905 15 338 47 712 79 097 16 347 48 7271 80 104 17 357 49 743 81 110 18 3661 50 759 82 117 19 376 51 775 83 1236 20 386 52 791 84 130 21 396 53 8067 85 137 22 406 54 824 86 144 23 4154 55 842 87 151 24 426 56 859 88 1581 25 437 57 876 89 165 26 447 58 8939 90 173 180 27 28 458 4684 59 60 913 932 91 92 187 1947 202 29 30 31 480 491 503 61 62 63 950 969 93 94 210 32 514 64 9881 95 889 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 102. Density, etc., of Mercuric Chloride Solutions at 20 C. (Schroder, etc.) Specific Gravity. Percent, of Hg01 2 . Specific Gravity. Percent, of HgCL. Specific Gravity. Percent, of HgCl 2 . Specific Gravity. Percent, of HgCl 2 . 1-0072 1 1-0411 5 1-0710 8 1-1035 11 0148 2 0507 6 0815 9 115 12 0236 3 0615 7 095 10 127 13 0323 4 103. Specific Gravity, etc., of Platinic Chloride Solutions. (Precht.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of PtCl 4 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of Pt01 4 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of PtCl 4 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of PtCl 4 . 1-009 1 1-141 14 1-315 27 1-546 40 018 2 153 15 330 28 568 41 027 3 165 16 346 29 591 42 036 4 176 17 362 30 615 43 046 5 188 18 387 31 641 44 056 6 201 19 395 32 666 45 066 7 214 20 413 33 688 46 076 8 227 21 431 34 712 47 086 9 242 22 450 35 736 48 097 10 256 23 469 36 760 49 108 11 270 24 488 37 785 50 119 12 285 25 500 38 130 13 300 26 523 39 104. Specific Gravity, etc., of Solutions of Bromides of various Metals at 19'5 C. (Kremers.) h C'S Specific Gravity for Solutions of o 3 o PM LiBr. NaBv. KBr. MgBr 2 . CaBr 2 . SrBr 2 . BaBr 2 . ZnBr 2 . CdBr 2 . 5 1-035 1-040 1-037 1-043 1-044 1-046 1-045 1-045 1-043 10 072 080 075 087 089 094 092 093 090 15 113 125 116 137 139 146 144 146 141 20 156 174 159 191 194 204 201 204 199 25 204 226 207 247 252 266 262 265 260 30 254 281 256 310 315 332 329 330 326 35 309 344 309 377 385 410 405 400 400 40 368 410 366 451 461 492 485 475 481 45 432 483 432 535 549 590 580 560 578 50 500 565 625 641 694 685 650 680 55 580 800 755 60 875 890 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 105. Specific Gravity, etc., of Ammonium Bromide Solutions at 16 C. (Hager.) Percentage ofNHT.r. Sp. Gr. Percentage ofNH 4 Br. Sp. Gr. Percentage of NH 4 Br. Sp. Gr. 2 1-0119 15 1-0926 28 1-1787 3 0181 16 0988 29 1862 4 0242 17 1051 30 1938 5 0303 18 1115 31 2018 6 0364 19 1181 32 2098 7 0425 20 1246 33 2180 8 0486 21 1310 34 2260 9 0547 22 1375 35 2342 10 0609 23 1440 36 2425 11 0672 24 1506 37 2509 12 0735 25 1573 38 2594 13 0798 26 1642 39 2679 14 0862 27 1713 40 2765 41 2850 At 15 C. (Eder.) Percentage of NH 4 Br. Sp. Gr. 5 1-0326 10 0652 15 0960 20 1285 30 1921 41-09 2920 106. Specific Gravity, etc., of Solutions of the Iodides of various Metals at 19-5 C. (Kremers.) *l Specific Gravity for Solutions of b Lil. Nal. KI. MgI 2 . Cal. 2 . SrI 2 . BaI 2 . ZnI 2 . CdI 2 . 5 1-038 1-040 1-038 1-043 1-044 1-045 1-045 1-045 1-044 10 079 082 078 088 090 091 091 091 088 15 124 128 120 139 140 142 143 140 138 20 172 179 166 194 198 200 201 196 194 25 224 234 218 254 260 262 265 255 253 30 280 294 271 320 321 330 333 368 319 35 344 360 331 395 398 410 412 390 395 40 414 432 396 474 477 491 495 420 476 45 50 55 60 CK 489 575 670 7T7 510 600 700 810 469 546 636 734 568 668 780 915 567 665 780 910 590 695 812 955 596 704 825 970 560 650 754 875 575 680 70 2-150 2-020 75 180 360 Kohlrausch gives the following numbers at 18 C 1 * J 30%=1-2260; 40%=1'3260; 9 ; 30% s l-273; 40% S 13966; 891 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 107. Specific Gravity, etc., of Potassium Iodide Solutions at 21 C. (Schiff.) Percentage of KI. Specific Gravity. Percentage of KI. Specific Gravity. Percentage of KI. Specific Gravity. Percentage of KI. Specific Gravity. I 1-0075 16 1-1318 31 1-2899 46 1-4982 2 0151 17 1412 32 3017 47 5142 3 0227 18 1508 33 3138 48 5305 4 0305 19 1605 34 3262 49 5471 5 0384 20 1705 35 3389 50 5640 6 0464 21 1807 36 3519 51 5810 7 0545 22 1911 37 3653 52 5984 8 0627 23 2016 38 3791 53 6162 9 0710 24 2122 39 3933 54 6343 10 0793 25 2229 40 4079 55 6528 11 0877 26 2336 41 4224 56 6717 12 0962 27 2445 42 4371 57 6911 13 1048 28 2556 43 4520 58 7109 14 1136 29 2669 44 4671 59 7311 15 1226 30 2784 45 4825 60 7517 108. Specific Gravity, etc., of Potassium Iodide Solutions at 18 C. (Kohlrausch.) Percentage ofKI. Specific Gravity. Percentage of KI. Specific Gravity. 5 1-0363 40 1-3966 10 0762 50 545 20 1679 55 630 30 273 109. Specific Gravity, etc., of Potassium Cyanide Solu- tions at 15 C. (Kohlrausch.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of KCN. 1-0154 3-25 0316 6-5 110. Specific Gravity, etc., of Potassium Ferrocyanide Solutions at 15 C. (Schiff.) Percentage of Percentage of Specific Specific Gravity. Gravity. K 4 Fe(CN) 6 + 3H 2 0. K 4 Fe(CN) 6 . K 4 Fe(CN) 6 + 3H 2 0. K 4 Fe(CN) 6 . 1-0058 1 0-872 1-0669 11 9-592 0116 2 1-744 0734 12 10-464 0175 3 2-616 0800 13 11-336 0234 4 3-488 0860 14 12-208 0295 5 4-360 0932 15 13-080 0356 6 5-232 0999 16 13-952 0417 r* 1 6-104 1067 17 14-824 0479 8 6-976 1136 18 15-696 0542 9 7-848 1205 19 16-568 0605 10 8-720 1275 20 17-440 892 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 111. Specific Gravity, etc., of Potassium Ferricyanide Solutions at 13 C. (Schiff.) Percentage of K 6 Fe 2 (CN) 12 . Specific Gravity. Percent sigf <>f K (i Fe,(CN) 12 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of K 6 Fe 2 (C]Sr) 12 . Specific Gravity. 1 1-0051 11 1-0595 21 1-1202 2 0103 12 0653 22 1266 3 0155 13 0712 23 1331 4 0208 14 0771 24 1396 5 0261 15 0831 25 1462 6 0315 16 0891 26 1529 7 0370 17 0952 27 1596 8 0426 18 1014 28 1664 9 0482 19 1076 29 1732 10 0538 20 1139 30 1802 112. Specific Gravity, etc., of Ammonium Nitrate Solutions at 17'5 C. (Gerlach.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of NH 4 N0 3 . Specific Percentage of Gravity. NH 4 N0 3 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of NH 4 N0 3 . 1-0042 1 1-0995 23 1-2045 45 0085 2 1040 24 2096 46 0127 3 1085 25 2147 47 0170 4 1130 26 2198 48 0212 5 1175 27 2249 49 0255 6 1220 28 2300 50 0297 7 1265 29 2353 51 0340 8 1310 30 2407 52 0382 9 1358 31 2460 53 0425 10 1406 32 2514 54 0468 11 1454 33 2567 55 0512 12 1502 34 2621 56 0555 13 1550 35 2674 57 0599 14 1598 36 2728 58 0642 15 1646 37 2781 59 0686 16 1694 38 2835 60 0729 17 1742 39 2888 61 0773 18 1790 40 2942 62 0816 0860 0905 19 20 21 1841 1892 1942 41 42 43 3005 3059 63 64 0950 22 1994 44 893 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 113. Specific Gravity, etc., of Lithium Nitrate Solutions at 19 8 '5 C. (Kremers.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of LiN0 3 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of LiN0 3 . 1-069 12-7 1-245 54-8 077 14-2 255 57-5 134 26 J 4 315 77-4 197 41-8 319 79-4 114. Specific Gravity, etc., of Sodium Nitrate Solutions at 20 0> 2 C. (Schiff.) Specific Gravity. Percentage ofNaN0 3 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of NaN0 3 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of NaN0 8 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of NaN0 8 . 1-0065 1 1-0962 14 1-1987 27 1-3155 40 0131 2 1035 15 2070 28 3255 41 0197 3 1109 16 2154 29 3355 42 0264 4 1184 17 2239 30 3456 43 0332 5 1-260 18 2325 31 3557 44 0399 6 1338 19 2412 32 3659 45 0468 7 1418 20 2500 33 3761 46 0537 8 1498 21 2589 34 3864 47 0606 9 1578 22 2679 35 3968 48 0676 10 1659 23 2770 36 4074 49 0746 11 1740 24 2863 37 4180 50 0817 12 1822 25 2958 38 0889 13 1904 26 3055 39 115. Kohlrausch gives the following for NaN0 3 Solutions at 18 C. 5 % NaNO 3 =Sp. Gr. 1-0327 10% 1'0681 20 % NaN0 3 =Sp. Gr. 1-1435 30% 1-2278 116. Specific Gravity, etc., of Potassium Nitrate Solutions at 21. (Schiff.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of KN0 3 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of KN0 3 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of KN0 3 . 1-0058 1 1-0555 9 1-1097 17 0118 2 0621 10 1160 18 0178 3 0686 11 1242 19 0239 4 0752 12 1316 20 0300 5 0819 13 1390 21 0363 6 0887 14 1464 22 0425 7 0956 IS 1539 23 0490 8 1026 16 1613 24 894 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 117. Specific Gravity, etc., of Potassium Nitrate Solutions at 15 C. (Gerlach.) Specific Gravity. Percentage ofKN0 3 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of KN0 3 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of KN0 3 . 1-00641 1 1-05861 9 1-11426 17 01283 2 06224 10 12150 18 01924 3 07215 11 12875 19 02566 4 07905 12 13599 20 03207 5 08595 13 14361 21 03870 6 09286 14 14427 21-074 04534 7 09977 15 05197 8 10701 16 118. Specific Gravity, etc., of Potassium Nitrate Solutions at 17'5 C. (Hager.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of KN0 3 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of KN0 3 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of KN0 3 . Specific Gravity. Percentage OfKNOg. 1-006 1 1-038 6 1-072 11 1-106 16 012 2 045 7 078 12 113 17 019 3 051 8 085 13 120 18 025 4 058 9 092 14 127 19 032 5 065 10 099 15 134 20 119. Kohlrausch gives at 18 C. Percentage of KN0 3 . Specific Gravity. 5 1-0305 10 0632 15 097 20 133 22 148 895 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 120. Specific Gravity, etc., of Magnesium Nitrate Solutions at 14 C. (Oudemans.) Percentage of Percentage of Percentage of Q i* Gravity. Mg(N0 3 ) 2 + 6H 2 0. Mg(N0 3 ) 2 . Gravity. Mg(N0 3 ) 2 + 6H 2 0. Mg(N0 3 ) 2 . Gravity. Mg(N0 3 ) 2 + 6H 2 0. Mg(N0 3 ) 2 . 1-0034 1 0-5773 1-0869 20 11-5460 1-1909 40 23-0920 0202 5 2-8865 1103 25 14-4325 2176 45 25-9785 0418 10 5-773 1347 30 17-319 2397 49 28-2877 0639 15 8-6595 1649 35 20-2055 121. Specific Gravity, etc., of Magnesium Nitrate Solutions at 21 C. (Schiff.) Percentage of Percentage of Percentage of Gravity. Mg(N0 3 ) 2 + 6H 2 0. Mg(N0 3 ) 2 . Gravity. Mg(N0 3 ) 2 + 6H 2 0. Mg(N0 3 ) 2 . Gravity. Mg(N0 3 ) 2 + 6H 2 0. Mg(N0 3 ) 2 . 1-0078 2 1-156 1-0843 20 11-560 1-1709 38 21-972 0158 4 2-312 0934 22 12-716 1811 40 22-128 0239 6 3-468 1026 24 13-872 1914 42 23-284 0321 8 4-624 1120 26 15-028 2019 44 24-440 0405 10 5-780 1216 28 16-184 2124 46 25-596 0490 12 6-936 1312 30 17-348 2231 48 26-750 0577 14 8-092 1410 32 18-504 2340 50 27-900 0663 16 9-248 1508 34 19-660 0752 18 10-404 1608 36 20-816 Kohlrausch gives the following for Mg(NO 3 ) 2 Solutions at 18 C. : 5 % Mg(N0 3 ) 2 =Sp. Gr. 1-0378 10% 1-0763 15 % Mg(N0 3 ) 2 =Sp. Gr. M181 17% 1-1372 122. Specific Gravity, etc., of Calcium Nitrate Solutions at 17 '5 C. (Franz.) 1 Specific Gravity. Percentage ofCa(N0 3 ). 2 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of Ca(N0 3 )2. 1-009 1 1-328 35 045 5 385 40 086 10 447 45 129 15 515 50 174 20 588 55 222 25 666 60 272 30 896 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 123. Kohlrausch gives the following for Ca(N0 3 ) 2 Solutions at 18 C. 6-25 % Ca(N0 3 ) 2 =Sp. Gr. 1-0487 12-5 25 37-5 50 1-1016 1-2198 1-3546 1-5102 124. Specific Gravity, etc., of Calcium Nitrate Solutions at 17'5 C. (Gerlach.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of Ca(N0 3 ) 2 . Percentage of Ca(N0 3 ) + 2H 2 0. Specific Gravity. Percentage of Ca(N0 3 ) 2 . Percentage of Ca(N0 3 ) 2 + 2H 2 0. 1-000 1-272 32-8 40 059 8-2 10 355 41-0 50 124 16-4 20 445 49-2 60 195 24-6 30 125. Specific Gravity, etc., of Calcium Nitrate Solutions at 15 C. Specific Gravity. Pet. Ca(N0 3 )o. Specific Gravity. Pet. Ca(N0 3 ) 2 . Specific Gravity. Pet. Ca(N0 3 ) 2 . 1-008 1 1-173 21 1-379 41 015 2 183 22 391 42 023 3 192 23 402 43 030 4 202 24 414 44 038 5 212 25 425 45 046 6 222 26 437 46 053 7 232 27 448 47 061 8 241 28 460 48 068 9 251 29 471 49 076 10 261 30 483 50 085 11 271 31 495 51 093 12 282 32 507 52 102 13 293 33 520 53 111 14 304 34 532 54 119 15 314 35 544 55 128 16 325 36 556 56 137 17 336 37 568 57 146 18 347 38 581 58 154 19 357 39 593 59 163 20 368 40 605 60 897 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 126. Specific Gravity, etc., of Strontium Nitrate Solutions at 19 '5 C. (Kremers.) 127. Specific Gravity, etc., of Strontium Nitrate Solutions at 17'5 C. (Gerlach.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of Sr(N"0 3 ) 2 . 1-009 1 017 2 025 3 034 4 041 5 049 6 059 7 068 8 076 9 085 10 095 11 103 12 113 13 122 14 131 15 140 16 150 17 160 18 170 19 181 20 192 21 202 22 213 23 223 24 235 25 246 26 257 27 268 28 280 29 292 30 304 31 316 32 330 33 340 34 354 35 367 36 381 37 395 38 410 39 422- 40 Specific Gravity. Percentage of Sr(N0 3 ) 2 . 1-083 10 180 20 294 30 422 40 52 Sat. 128. Specific Gravity, etc., of Barium Nitrate Solutions at 19 "5 C. (Kremers.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of Ba(N0 3 ) 2 . 1-009 1 017 2 025 3 037 4 042 5 050 6 060 7 069 8 078 9 087 10 129. Specific Gravity, etc., of Barium Nitrate Solutions at 17-5 C. (Gerlach.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of Ba(N0 3 ) 2 . 1-0085 1 0170 2 0255 3 0340 4 0425 5 0510 6 0600 7 0690 8 Sat. 898 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 130. Kohlrausch gives the following for Ba(N0 3 ) 2 Solutions at 18 C. Percentage Ba(N0 3 ) 2 . Specific Gravity. 4-2 8-4 1-0340 0712 131. Specific Gravity, etc., of Ferric Nitrate Solutions at 17'5 C. (Franz.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of F C2 (N0 3 ) 6 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of Fe 2 (N0 3 ) 6 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of Fe 2 (N0 3 ) 6 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of Fe 2 (N0 3 ) 6 1-0080 1 1-1440 18 1-3164 35 1-5272 52 0160 2 1526 19 3280 36 5422 53 0240 3 1612 20 3396 37 5572 54 0320 4 1712 21 3512 38 5722 55 0398 5 1812 22 3628 39 5892 56 0472 6 1912 23 3746 40 6062 57 0546 7 2012 24 3864 41 6232 58 0620 8 2110 25 3982 42 6402 59 0694 9 2212 26 4100 43 6572 60 0770 10 2314 27 4218 44 6764 61 0852 11 2416 28 4338 45 6956 62 0934 12 2518 29 4465 46 7148 63 1016 13 2622 30 4592 47 7340 64 1098 14 2730 31 4719 48 7532 65 1182 15 2838 32 4846 49 1268 16 2946 33 4972 50 1354 17 3054 34 5122 51 132. Specific Gravity, etc., of Solutions of the Nitrates of Cobalt and Nickel at 17-5 C. (Franz.) Percentage of Salt. Specific Gravity for Percentage of Salt. Specific Gravity for Percentage of Salt. Specific Gravity for Co(N0 3 ) 2 . Ni(N0 3 ) 2 . Co(N0 3 ) 2 . NiCN0 3 ) 2 . Co(N0 3 ) 2 . Ni(N0 3 ) 2 . 1 1-0092 1-0092 15 1-1378 1-1375 29 1-3058 1-3058 2 0184 0184 16 1490 1490 30 3190 3193 3 0276 0276 17 1602 1602 31 3331 3331 4 0368 0368 18 1714 1714 32 3472 3472 5 0462 0463 19 1826 1826 33 3613 3613 6 0551 0551 20 1936 1935 34 3754 3754 7 0640 0640 21 2056 2056 35 3896 3896 8 0729 0729 22 2176 2176 36 4049 4049 9 0818 0818 23 2296 2296 37 4202 4203 10 0906 0903 24 2416 2416 38 4355 4356 11 1000 0999 25 2538 2534 39 4508 4509 12 1094 1094 26 2668 2668 40 4662 4667 13 1188 1188 27 2798 2798 14 ll>SL> 1282 28 2928 2928 899 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 133. Specific Gravity, etc., of Copper Nitrate Solutions at 17'5 C. (Franz.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of Cu(N0 3 ) 2 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of Cu(N0 3 ) 2 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of Cu(N0 3 ) 2 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of Cu(N0 3 ) 2 . 1-0090 1 1-1242 13 1-2644 25 1-4274 37 0180 2 1342 14 2775 26 4424 38 0270 3 1442 15 2906 27 4574 39 0360 4 1561 16 3057 28 4724 40 0452 5 1680 17 3168 29 4894 41 0550 6 1799 18 3299 30 5064 42 0648 7 1918 19 3432 31 5234 43 0746 8 2037 20 3575 32 5404 44 0844 9 2158 21 3708 33 5576 45 0942 10 2279 22 3841 34 1042 11 2400 23 3974 35 1142 12 2521 24 4124 36 134. Specific Gravity, etc., of Solutions of the Nitrates of Zinc and Cadmium at 17'5 C. (Franz.) Percentage of Salt. Specific Gravity for Percentage of Salt. Specific Gravity for Percentage of Salt. Specific Gravity for Zn(N0 3 ) 2 . Cd(N0 3 ) 2 . Zn(N0 3 ) 2 . Cd(N0 3 ) 2 . Zn(N0 3 ) 2 . Cd(N0 3 ) 2 . 1 1-0099 1-0106 18 1-1806 1-1888 35 1-3906 1-4372 2 0198 0212 19 1916 2012 36 4039 4572 3 0297 0318 20 2024 2134 37 4172 4772 4 0396 0424 21 2147 2276 38 4305 4972 5 0496 0528 22 2270 2418 39 4438 5172 6 0590 0618 23 2393 2560 40 4572 5372 7 0684 0708 24 2516 2702 41 4707 5592 8 0778 0798 25 2640 2842 42 4844 5812 9 0872 0888 26 2766 2987 43 4981 6032 10 0968 0978 27 2892 3132 44 5118 6252 11 1070 1086 28 3018 3277 45 5258 6474 12 1172 1194 29 3144 3422 46 5403 6701 13 1274 1302 30 3268 3566 47 5548 6928 14 1376 1410 31 3396 3728 48 5693 7155 15 1476 1516 32 3524 3890 49 5838 7382 16 1586 1640 33 3652 4052 50 5984 7608 17 1696 1764 34 3780 4214 900 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 135. Specific Gravity, etc., of Silver Nitrate Solutions at 18 C. (Kohlrausch.) Specific Gravity. Percentage AgNO s . Specific Gravity. Percentage AgN0 3 : Specific Gravity. Percentage AgN0 3 . 1-0422 5 1-2555 25 1-5705 45 0893 10 3213 30 6745 50 1404 15 3945 35 7895 55 1968 20 4773 40 9158 60 136. Specific Gravity, etc., of Solutions of Lead Nitrate at 17'5 C. (Schiff.) Specific Gravity. Percent. Pb(N0 3 ) 2 Specific Gravity. Percent. Pb(N0 3 ), Specific Gravity. Percent. Pb(N0 3 ) 2 Specific Gravity. Percent. Pb(N0 3 ) 2 Specific Gravity. Percent. Pb(N0 3 ) 2 1-0080 1 1-0775 9 1-1569 17 1-2495 25 1-3558 33 0163 2 0869 10 1677 18 2620 26 3702 34 0247 3 0963 11 1788 19 2747 27 3848 j 35 0331 4 1059 12 1902 20 2876 28 3996 36 0416 5 1157 13 2016 21 3007 29 4146 37 0502 6 1257 14 2132 22 3140 30 0591 7 1359 15 2251 23 3276 31 0682 8 1463 16 2372 24 3416 32 i 137. Specific Gravity, etc., of Lead Nitrate Solutions at 19'5 C. (Kremers.) Sp.Gr, . . Pet. Pb(N0 3 ) 2 ., 1-045 5 1-093 10 1-144 15 1-203 20 1-266 25 1-334 30 1-414 35 138. Specific Gravity, etc., of Sodium Chlorate Solutions at 19'5 C. (Kremers.) Specific Gravity. Pet. of NaC10 3 . Specific * Gravity. Pet. of NaC10 3 . Specific Gravity. Pet. of NaC10 3 . Specific Gravity. Pet. of NaC10 3 . Specific Gravity. Pet. of NaC10 3 . 1-007 1 1-063 9 1-124 17 1-190 25 1-262 33 015 2 070 10 131 18 200 26 272 34 021 3 078 11 140 19 208 27 282 35 028 4 085 12 147 20 216 28 291 36 035 5 094 13 155 21 225 29 301 37 041 6 100 14 165 22 235 30 311 38 048 7 108 15 174 23 244 31 321 39 055 8 116 16 181 24 252 32 331 40 901 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 139. Specific Gravity, etc., of Potassium Chlorate Solutions at 19 '5 C. (Kremers.) Specific Gravity. Percent. KC10 3 . Specific Gravity. Percent. KC10 3 . Specific Gravity. Percent. KClOg. Specific Gravity. Fervent. KC10 :J . Specific Gravity. Percent. KC10 3 . 1-007 1 1-020 3 1-033 5 1-045 7 1-059 9 1-014 2 1-026 4 1-039 6 l'0f2 8 1-006 10 140. Specific Gravity, etc., of Sodium Bromate Solutions at 19'5 C. (Kremers.) Specific Gravity. Pet. of NaBr0 3 . Specific Gravity. Pet. of NnBr0 3 . Specific Gravity. Pet. of NaBrOg. Specific Gravity. Pet. of NaBr0 3 . Specific Gravity. Pet. of NaBrOg. 1-009 1 1-056 7 1-110 13 1-166 19 1-231 25 016 2 066 8 120 14 178 20 242 26 025 3 075 9 129 15 188 21 253 27 033 4 083 10 137 16 199 22 265 28 041 5 093 11 146 '' 17 210 23 277 29 049 6 101 12 156 18 220 24 289 30 141. Specific Gravity, etc., of Potassium Bromate Solutions at 19 '5 C. (Kremers.) Specific Gravity. Percent. KBr0 3 . Specific Gravity. Percent. KBr0 3 . Specific Gravity. Percent. KBr0 3 . Specific Gravity. Percent. KBr0 3 . Specifie Gravity. Percent. KBr0 3 . 1-009 1 1-024 3 1-039 5 1-054 7 1-070 9 1-016 2 1-031 4 1-046 6 1-062 8 1-079 10 142. Specific Gravity, etc., of Solutions of the lodates of Sodium and Potassium at 19 '5 C, (Kremers.) Specific Gravity for Specific Gravity for Percentage. Percentage. NftlO* KIO,. NaI0 3 . KI0 3 . 1 1-010 1-010 6 1-054 1-052 2 019 019 7 065 061 3 028 027 8 075 071 4 036 035 9 085 080 5 044 044 10 095 090 VOL. II. 3 M 90'1> TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 143. Specific Gravity, etc., of Ammonium Sulphate Solutions at 19 C. (Schiff.) Spei'iti-- Gravity. Percentage of (NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of (NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of (NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 . 1-0057 1 1-1035 18 1-2004 35 0115 2 1092 19 2060 36 0172 8 1149 20 2116 37 0230 4 1207 21 2172 38 0287 5 1265 22 2228 39 0345 6 1323 23 2284 40 . 0403 7 1381 24 2343 41 0460 8 1-439 25 2402 42 0518 9 1496 26 2462 43 0575 10 1554 27 2522 44 0632 11 1612 28 2583 45 0690 12 1670 29 2644 46 0747 13 1724 30 ' 2705 47 0805 14 1780 31 2766 48 0862 15 1836 32 2828 49 0920 16 1892 33 2890 50 0977 17 1948 34 144. Specific Gravity, etc., of Ammonium Sulphate Solutions at 15 C. (Gerlach.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of (NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 Specific Gravity. Percentage of (NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 . i 1-0181 3 1-1190 20 0359 6 1773 30 0600 10 23-32 40 145. Kohlrausch gives the following for (NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 Solutions at 15 C. Specific Gravity. Percentage of (NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 . Specific Gravity. 5 1-0292 30 10 0581 31 20 1160 Percentage of (NH 4 ).S0 4 . 1-1730 1787 903 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 146. Specific Gravity, etc., of Lithium Sulphate Solutions at 19-5 C. (Kremers.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of Li 2 S0 4 . 1-05 6-5 OG 7-4 098 12-5 118 15-3 167 22-6 178 24-4 208 29-4 Kohlrausch gives for Li 9 S0 4 Solutions at 15 C. : 5 % Li 2 S0 4 =Sp. Gr. 1-0430 ; 10 % Li 2 S0 4 =Sp. Gr. 1-0877. 147. Specific Gravity, etc., of Sodium Sulphate Solutions at 19 C. Specific Gravity. Percentage of Na 2 S0 4 + 10H 2 0. Percentage of Na.SO,. Specific Gravity. Percentage of Na2S0 4 +10H 2 0. Percentage of NaoS0 4 . 1-0040 1 441 1-0642 16 7-056 0079 2 881 0683 17 7-497 0118 3 1-323 0725 18 7-938 0158 4 1-764 0766 19 8-379 0198 . 5 2-205 0807 20 8-820 0238 6 2-646 0849 21 9-261 0278 7 3-087 0890 22 9-702 0318 8 3-528 0931 23 10-143 0358 9 3-969 0973 24 10-584 0398 10 4-410 1015 25 11-025 0439 11 4-851 1057 26 11-466 0479 12 5-292 1100 27 11-907 0520 13 5-733 1142 28 12-348 0560 14 6-174 1184 29 12-789 0601 15 6-615 1226 30 13-230 904 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 148. Specific Gravity, etc., of Sodium Sulphate Solutions at 15 C. (Gerlach.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of Specific Gravity. Percentage of Crystallised Na2S0 4 .10H 2 0. Anhydrous. Crystallised Ka,2S0 4 .10H 2 0. Anhydrous. 1-004 1 0'441 1-064 16 7-056 008 2 0-881 069 17 7-497 013 3 1-323 073 18 7-938 016 4 1-764 077 19 8-379 020 5 2-205 082 20 8-820 024 6 2-646 086 21 9-261 028 7 3-087 090 22 9-702 032 8 3-528 094 23 10-143 036 9 3-969 098 24 10-584 040 10 4-410 103 25 11-025 044 11 4-851 107 26 11-466 047 12 5-292 111 27 11-907 052 13 5-733 116 28 12-348 056 14 6-174 120 29 12-789 060 15 6-615 125 30 13-230 149. Specific Gravity, etc., of Sodium Sulphate Solutions at 15 C. (Gerlach.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of Na2S0 4 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of Na 2 S0 4 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of Na^SCv 1-00911 1 1-04576 5 1-08325 9 01822 2 05500 6 09275 10 02736 3 06437 7 10246 11 03650 4 07375 8 11170 11-952. Sat. Kohlrausch gives the following for Na 2 S0 4 Solutions at 18 C. % Na 2 S0 4 ^Sp. Gr. 1-0450 ; 10 % Na. 2 S0 4 ^p. Gr. 1-0915 - 15 % Na 2 S0 4 =Sp. Gr. 1-426. 150. Specific Gravity, etc., of Potassium Sulphate Solutions at 15 C. (Gerlach.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of K 2 S0 4 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of K 2 S0 4 . 1-00820 1 1-04947 6 01635 2 05790 7 02450 3 06644 8 03277 4 07499 9 04105 5 08305 9-92. Sat. Kohlrausch gives the following for K 2 SO 4 Solutions at 18 C 5 % K s 80 4 =Sp. Gr."l-0395 ; 10 % K 905 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 151. Specific Gravity, etc., of Potassium-Hydrogen Sulphate Solutions at 18 C. (Kohlrausch.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of KHS0 4 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of KHS0 4 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of KHS0 4 . 1-0354 5 1-1116 15 1 1920 25 1 0726 10 1-1516 20 1-2110 27 152. Specific Gravity, etc., of Solutions of Magnesium Sulphate at 15 C. (Gerlach.) Specific Percentage of Gravity. MgS0 4 . Percentage of MgS0 4 + 7H 2 0. Specific Gravity. Percentage of MgS0 4 . Percentage of MgS0 4 + 7H 2 . 1-01031 1 2-049 1-15083 14 28-682 02062 2 4-097 16222 15 30-731 03092 3 6-146 17420 16 32-780 04123 4 8-195 18618 17 34-528 05154 5 10-243 19816 18 36-877 06229 6 12-292 21014 19 38-926 07304 7 14-341 22212 20 40-975 08379 8 16-390 23465 21 43-023 09454 9 18-438 24718 22 45-072 10529 10 20-487 25972 23 47-121 11668 11 22-536 27225 24 49-170 12806 12 24-585 28478 25 51-319 13945 13 26-633 2*802 25-25 51-726 153. Specific Gravity, etc., of Solutions of Crystallised Magnesium Sulphate at 15 C. (Gerlach.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of Salt. Specific Gravity. Percentage of Salt. Specific Gravity. Percentage of Salt. Specific Gravity. Percentage of Salt. 1-005 1 1-076 15 1-146 28 1-222 41 010 2 082 16 151 29 229 42 016 3 087 17 156 30 235 43 021 4 092 18 163 31 240 44 026 5 097 19 170 32 246 45 031 6 102 20 175 33 253 46 036 7 108 21 181 34 260 47 040 8 114 22 187 35 266 48 045 9 120 23 193 36 272 49 051 10 125 24 199 37 279 50 056 11 130 25 204 38 285 51 061 12 135 26 210 39 291 52 066 13 140 27 216 40 299 53 071 14 906 TABLE LXXIIc. continued, 154. Specific Gravity, etc., of Magnesium Sulphate Solutions at 12 C. (Oudemans.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of Specific Gravity. Percentage of MgS0 4 + 7H 2 0. MgS0 4 . MgS0 4 + 7H 2 0. MgS0 4 . 1'0046 1 0-4884 1-1071 21 10-2570 0096 2 0-9769 1125 22 10-7455 0146 3 1-4653 1179 23 11-2339 0196 4 1-9537 1234 24 11-7223 0246 5 2-4422 1289 25 12-2107 0296 6 2-9306 1344 26 12-6992 0346 7 3-4190 1399 27 13-1876 0396 8 3-9074 1454 28 13-6760 0446 9 4-3959 1510 29 14-1645 0497 10 4-8843 1566 30 14-6529 0548 11 5-3727 1622 31 15-1413 0599 12 5-8612 1679 32 15-6298 0650 13 6-3496 1736 33 16-1182 0702 14 6-8380 1793 34 16-6066 0754 15 7-3265 1850 35 17-0950 0807 16 7-8149 1908 36 17-5835 0859 17 8-3033 1965 37 18-0719 0911 18 8-7917 2023 38 18-5603 0964 19 9-2802 2082 39 19-0488 1018 20 9-7686 2140 40 19-5372 Kohlrausch gives for MgS0 4 Solutions at 15 C. : 5% MgS0 4 =Sp. Gr. 1-0510; 10% MgS0 4 =Sp. Gr. M052; 15% MgSO, = M602 20% MgS0 4 =l-2200; 25% MgSO^l-2861. 155. Specific Gravity, etc., of Aluminium Sulphate Solutions at 15 C. (Gerlach and Reuss.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of A1 2 (S0 4 ) 3 . A1 2 (S0 4 ) 3 + 18H 2 0. 0569 5 9-737 1075 10 19-474 1105 10-282 20 1574 15 29-211 1710 15-423 30 2074 20 38-948 2355 20-564 40 l>57i> 25 48-685 3050 25-705 50 156. Specific Gravity, etc., of Aluminium Sulphate Solutions at various Tempera- tures. (Reuss.) Pet. of 5 10 15 20 25 Specific Gravity at 15 C. 25 C. 35 C. 45 C. 1-0569 1-0503 1-045 1-0356 1071 1022 096 085 1574 1522 146 1346 2074 2004 192 1801 2572 2483 2407 2295 907 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 157. Specific Gravity, etc., of Aluminium Sulphate Solutions at 15 C. (Alum-maker's Table.) (E. Larsson.) Specific Gravity. Degrees Baume. 100 kilogrammes of the Solution contain 100 litres of the Solution contain * <3 0* vi 11 . .8 cf ta -? tr 02 ^5 JJ Ik A 2,:^ " ^ DQ Sulphate with 15 per cent. A1 2 3 . 1 Sulphate with 13 per cent. Al,0 3 . Sulphate with 14 per cent. A1 2 3 . '^1 A cf a ^ -a^ oS rn kgms. kgms. kerns. kgms. kgms. kgms. kgms. kgms. kgms. kgms. 1-005 0-7 0-14 0-32 I'l i-o 0-9 0-14 0-33 1-1 1 0-9 010 1-4 0-27 0-64 2-1 2-0 1-8 0-28 0-65 2-2 2 1-9 016 21 0-41 0-95 3-1 2-9 2-7 0-42 0-98 3-2 3 2-8 021 2-8 0-55 1-27 4-2 3-9 3-6 0-56 1-31 4-3 4 3-7 026 3-5 0-68 1-59 5-3 4-9 4-6 0-70 1-63 5-4 5 4-7 031 4-2 0-81 1-89 6'3 5-8 5-4 0-84 1-96 6-5 6 5-6 036 4-8 0-94 2-20 : 7-3 6-7 6-3 0-98 2-28 7-5 7 6-5 040 5-4 1-07 2-50 8'3 7-7 7-2 1-12 2-61 8-6 8 7-5 045 6-1 1-20 2-80 9-3 8-6 8-0 1-26 2-94 9-7 9 8-4 050 6-7 1-33 3-11 10-3 9-5 8-9 1-40 3-26 10-8 10 9-3 055 7-3 1-46 3-40 11-2 10-4 9-7 1-54 3-59 11-8 11 10-3 059 7-9 1-58 3-69 12-2 11-3 10-6 1-68 3-91 12-9 12 11-2 064 8-5 1-71 3-98 13-1 12-2 11-4 1-82 4-24 14-0 13 12-1 068 9-1 1-83 4-27 14-1 13-1 12-2 1-96 4-57 15-1 14 13-1 073 9'7 1-96 4-56 15-1 14-0 13-1 2-10 4-89 16-2 15 14-0 078 10-3 2-08 4-84 16-0 14-8 13-9 2-24 5-22 17'2 16 14-9 082 10-9 2-20 5-12 16-9 15-7 14-6 2-38 5-55 18-3 17 15-9 087 11-4 2-32 5-40 17-8 16-5 15-4 2-52 5-87 19-4 18 ld-8 092 12-0 2-44 5-67 18-7 17-4 16-2 2-66 6-20 20-5 19 17-7 096 12-6 2-55 5-95 19-6 ; 18-3 17-0 2-80 6-52 21-5 20 18-7 101 13-1 2-67 6-22 20-5 19-1 17-8 2-94 6-85 22-6 21 19-6 105 13-7 2-78 (v49 21-4 19-9 18-6 3-08 7-18 23-7 22 20-5 110 14-2 2-90 6-76 22-3 20-7 19-3 3-22 ! 7-50 24-8 23 21-5 114 14-7 3-01 7-02 23'2 21-5 20-1 3-36 7-83 25-9 24 22-4 119 15-3 3-13 7-29 24-1 ! 22-4 20-9 3-50 8-16 26-9 25 23-3 123 15-8 3-24 7-55 249 23-1 21-6 3-64 8-48 28-0 26 24-3 128 16-3 3-35 7-81 25-8 23-9 22-3 378 8-81 29-1 27 25-2 132 16-8 3-46 8-06 26-6 24-7 i 23-1 3-92 9-13 30-2 i 28 26-1 137 17-4 3-57 8-32 27-5 25-5 23-8 4-06 9-46 31-2 29 27-1 141 17-9 3-68 8-58 28-3 26-3 24-5 4-20 9-79 32-3 30 28-0 145 18-3 379 8-83 29-1 27-1 25-3 4-34 10-11 33-4 31 28-9 150 18-8 3-89 9-07 30-0 27-8 26-0 4-48 10-44 34-5 32 29-9 154 19-2 4-00 9-32 30-8 28-6 26-7 4-64 10-76 35-5 33 30-8 159 19-7 4-11 9-57 31-6 29-3 27-4 4-76 11-09 36-6 34 31-7 163 20-1 4-21 9-82 32-4 30-1 28-1 4-90 11-42 37-7 35 32-7 168 20-6 4-32 ! 10-06 33-2 30-8 ' 28-9 5-04 11-74 38-8 36 33-6 172 21*1 4-42 10-29 34-0 31-6 : 29-5 5-18 12-07 39-9 37 34-5 176 21-6 4-52 10-53 34-8 32-3 30-1 5-32 12-40 40-9 38 35-5 908 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 157. Specific Gravity, etc., of Aluminium Sulphate Solutions at 15 C. continued. Specific Gravity. Degrees Baume. 100 kilogrammes of the Solution contain 100 litres of the Solution contain 4 < i Sulphate with 13 pi-r cent. A1 2 3 . 111 ..=.< l~ 5 *" * 3 ... HI 3 co Q* *s q ilk jS s~ fs Sulphate with 14 per cent. A1 2 3 . !id> i "32 02 kgms. kgms. kgms. kgms. kirms. kgms. kgms. kgms. kgms. kgms. 1-181 22*1 4-62 10-77 35-6 33-0 30-8 5-46 12-72 42-0 39 36-4 185 22-5 472 11-01 36-3 33-7 31-5 5-60 13-05 43-1 40 37-3 190 23-0 4-82 11-24 37-1 34-5 32-2 5-74 13-38 44-2 41 38-3 194 23-4 4-92 11-47 37-9 35-2 32-8 5-88 13-70 45-2 42 39-2 198 23-8 5-02 11-70 38-6 35-9 33-5 6-02 14-03 46-3 43 40-1 203 24-3 5-12 11-93 39-4 36-6 34-1 6-16 14-35 47-4 44 41-1 207 24-7 5'22 12-16 40-2 37-3 34-8 6-30 14-68 48-5 45 42-0 211 25-2 5-32 12-39 40-9 38-0 35-4 6-44 15-01 49-5 46 42-9 215 25-5 5-41 12-61 41-6 38-7 36-1 6-58 15-33 50-6 47 43-9 220 25-9 5-51 12-83 42-4 39-3 36-7 6-72 15-66 51-7 48 44-8 224 26-3 5-60 13-06 43-1 40-0 37-4 6-86 15-99 52-8 49 45-7 228 26-7 5-70 13-28 43-9 40-7 38-0 7-00 16-31 53-9 50 46-7 232 27-1 5-79 13-50 44-6 41-4 38-6 7-14 16-64 54-9 51 47-6 236 : 27-5 5-89 13-72 45-3 42-1 39-3 7-28 16-96 56-0 52 48'5 240 27-9 5-98 13-94 46-0 42-7 39-9 7-42 17-29 57-1 53 49-5 244 28-3 6-08 14-16 46-7 43-4 40-5 7-56 17-62 58-2 54 50-4 248 28-6 6-17 14-38 47-5 44-1 41-1 7-70 17-94 59-2 55 51-3 252 29-0 6-26 14-59 48-2 44-7 41-7 7-84 18-27 60-3 56 52-3 256 29-4 6-35 14-80 48-9 45-4 42-3 7-98 18-59 61-4 57 53-2 261 29-8 6-44 15-01 | 49-5 46-0 42-9 8-12 18-92 62-5 58 541 265 30-2 6'53 15-22 50-2 46-7 43-5 8-26 19-25 63-5 59 55-1 269 30-5 6-62 15-43 50-9 47-3 44-1 8-40 19-57 64-6 60 56-0 273 30-9 6-71 15-63 51-6 47-9 44-7 8-54 19-90 65-7 61 56-9 277 31-2 6-80 15-84 52-3 48-6 45-3 8-68 20-23 66-8 62 57-9 281 31-6 6-89 16-04 53-0 49-2 45-9 8-82 20-55 67-9 63 58-8 285 31-9 6-97 16-25 53-7 49-8 46-5 8-96 20-88 68-9 64 59-7 289 32-3 7-06 16-46 54-3 50-5 47-1 9-10 21-20 70-0 65 60-7 293 32-6 7-15 16-66 55-0 51-1 47-7 9-24 21-53 71-1 66 61-6 297 33-0 7-23 16-85 55-6 51-7 48-2 9-38 21-86 72-2 67 62-5 301 ; 33-3 7-32 17-05 56-3 52-3 48-8 9-52 22-18 73-2 68 63-5 305 33-7 7-40 17-25 57-0 52-9 49-4 9-66 22-51 74-3 69 64-4 309 34-0 7-49 17-45 57-6 53-5 49-9 9-80 22-84 75-4 70 65-3 312 34-4 7-57 17-65 58-3 54-1 50-5 9-94 23-16 76-5 71 66-3 316 347 7-66 17-84 58-9 54-5 51-1 10-08 23-49 77-5 72 67-2 320 35-0 7-74 18-04 59-6 55-3 51-6 10-22 23-81 78-6 73 68-1 324 35-3 7-83 18-23 60-2 55-9 52-2 10-36 24-14 79-7 74 69-1 328 35'6 7-91 18-43 60-8 56-5 52-7 10-50 24-47 80-8 75 70-0 331 35'9 7-99 18-62 61-5 57-1 53-3 10-64 24-79 81-8 76 70-9 335 339 36'2 36-5 8-07 8-16 18-81 62-1 19-00 62-7 57-7 58-3 53-8 54-4 10-78 10-92 25-12 25-45 82-9 84-0 77 78 71-9 72-8 909 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 158. Specific Gravity, etc., of Chromic Sulphate Solutions at 15 C. (Gerlach.) Specific Gravity for Percentage of Specific Gravity for Percentage of Violet Variety. Green Variety. 2 (S0 4 ) 3 . 2 (S0 4 ) 3 + 18H 2 0. Violet Variety. Green Variety. Cr 2 (S0 4 ) 3 . Cr 2 (S0 4 ) 3 + 18H,0. 1-0275 2-740 5 1-1875 1-1680 16-443 30 038 1-034 3-779 6-897 211 201 19-072 34-804 0560 0510 5-481 10 2480 2340 21-924 40 075 068 7"283 13-291 3250 3055 27-404 50 110 102 10-542 19-238 337 316 28-202 51-464 1150 1070 10-962 20 3825 32-887 60 145 136 13-579 24-779 445 37-075 67-657 178 168 16-416 29-957 4650 38-368 70 5535 556 43-848 43-996 80 80-287 159. Specific Gravity, etc., of Manganese Sulphate (MnS0 4 + 4H. 7 0) Solutions at 15 C. (Gerlach.) Specific Gravity. 1-006 013 020 025 0320 038 044 050 056 0650 072 Pet. of Salt. Specific Gravity. Pet. of Salt. Specific Gravity. Pet. of Salt. Specific Gravity. Pet. of Salt. Specific Gravity. Pet. of Salt. 1 1-079 12 1-160 23 1-250 34 1-3495 45 2 085 13 166 24 2579 35 360 46 3 093 14 1751 25 268 36 370 47 4 1001 15 183 26 276 37 380 48 5 106 16 190 27 285 38 389 49 6 114 17 200 28 295 39 3986 50 7 121 18 208 29 3038 40 410 51 8 129 19 2150 30 313 41 420 52 9 1363 20 224 31 322 42 430 53 10 144 21 231 32 331 43 440 54 11 150 22 244 33 340 44 4514 55 910 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 160. Specific Gravity, etc., of Manganese Sulphate Solutions at 15 C. (Gerlach.) Specific Gravity for Percentage of Salt. MnS0 4 . MnS0 4 + 4H 2 0. MnS0 4 + 5H 2 0. MnS0 4 + 7H 2 0. j 5 1-0500 1-0340 1-0310 1-0270 10 1035 0690 0630 0545 15 1605 1055 0965 0830 20 2215 1435 1315 1130 25 2870 1835 1685 1440 30 3575 2255 2070 1765 35 2695 2470 2105 40 3155 2885 2455 45 3640 3315 2815 50 3760 3185 55 3565 161. Specific Gravity, etc., of Manganese Sulphate Solutions at C. (Charpy.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of MnS0 4 . Specific Percentage Gravity. of MnS0 4 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of MnS0 4 . 1-0315 0622 3-0865 6-0172 1-0928 8-8295 1239 11-5804 1-1519 1834 14-0462 16-7450 162. Specific Gravity, etc.. of Ferrous Sulphate Solutions at 15 C. (Gerlach.) Percentage of Percentage of Percentage of Specific Specific Specific Gravity. FeS0 4 + 7H 2 0. FeS0 4 . Gravity. FeS0 4 + 7H 2 0. FeS0 4 . Gravity. FeS0 4 + 7H 2 0. F,S0 4 . 1-005 1 0-546S 1-082 15 8-2015 1-168 29 15-8562 Oil 2 1-0935 088 16 8-7483 174 30 16-4030 016 3 1-6403 094 17 9-2950 180 31 16-9498 021 4 21871 100 18 9-8418 187 32 17-4965 027 5 2-7338 106 19 10-3886 193 33 18-0433 032 6 3-2806 112 20 10-9353 200 i 34 18-5900 037 7 3-8274 118 21 11-4821 206 35 19-1368 043 8 4-3741 125 22 12-0289 213 36 19-6836 04S 9 4-9209 131 23 12-5756 219 37 20-2303 054 10 5-4677 137 24 13-1224 226 38 20-7771 059 11 6-0144 143 25 13-6692 232 39 21-3239 065 12 6-5612 149 26 14-2159 239 40 21-8706 071 13 7-1080 155 27 14-7627 077 14 7-6547 161 28 15-3095 911 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 163. Specific Gravity, etc., of Ferric Sulphate Solutions at 18 C. (Hager.) Specific Gravity. Pet. of Fe 2 (S0 4 ) 3 . Specific Gravity. Pet. of Fe 2 (S0 4 ) 3 . Specific Gravity. Pet. of Fe 2 (S0 4 ) 3 . Specific Gravity. Pet. of Fe 2 (S0 4 ) 3 . Specific Pet. of Gravity. Fe 2 (S0 4 ) 3 . 1-008 1 1-097 10 1-196 19 1-310 28 1-442 37 017 2 107 11 208 20 323 29 458 38 027 3 118 12 220 21 337 30 474 39 036 4 129 13 232 22 351 , 31 490 40 046 5 140 14 245 23 365 32 506 41 057 6 151 15 258 24 380 33 523 42 067 7 162 16 271 25 395 34 540 43 077 8 173 17 284 26 411 35 557 44 087 9 184 18 297 27 427 36 i 164. Specific Gravity, etc., of Ferric Sulphate Solutions at 17-5 C. (Franz.) Specific Gravity. Percent. Fe 2 (S0 4 ) 3 . Specific Gravity. Percent. Fe 2 (S0 4 ) 3 . Specific Gravity. Percent Fe 2 (S0 4 ) 3 . Specific Percent. Gravity. Fe 2 (S0 4 ) 3 . 1-0426 5 M826 20 1-3782 35 1-6148 50 0854 10 2426 25 4506 40 7050 55 1324 15 3090 30 5298 45 8006 60 165. Specific Gravity, etc., of Solutions of the Sulphates of Cobalt and Nickel at C. (Charpy.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of N"iS0 4 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of CoS0 4 . 1-0089 0-8327 1-0131 1-2099 0173 1-6131 0263 2-4273 0271 2-5043 0392 3-5792 0357 3-2845 0517 4-7095 0431 3-9591 0641 5-8140 0522 4-2930 0765 6-8910 912 T A BLE LXX He. continued. 166. Specific Gravity, etc., of Copper Sulphate Solutions at 18 C. (Schiff and Gerlach.) Percentage of Percentage of Percentage of Specific Gravity. CuS0 4 + 5H 2 0. CuS0 4 . Specific Gravity. CuS0 4 + 5H 2 0. CuS0 4 . Specific Gravity. CuS0 4 + 5H 2 0. CuS0 4 . 1-0063 1 0-6393 1-0716 ! 11 7-0321 1-1427 ' 21 13-4249 0126 2 1-2786 0785 12 7-6714 1501 22 14-0642 0190 3 1-9178 0854 13 8-3106 1585 23 14-7034 0254 4 2-5571 0923 14 8-9499 1659 24 15-3427 0319 5 3-1964 0993 15 9-5892 1738 25 15-9820 0384 6 3-8357 1063 16 10-2285 1817 26 16-6213 0450 7 4-4750 1135 17 10-8678 1898 27 17-2605 0516 8 5-1142 1208 18 11-5070 1980 28 17-8998 : 0582 9 5-7535 1281 19 12-1463 2063 29 18-5391 0^49 10 6-3928 1354 20 12-7856 2146 30 19-1784 Charpy gives the following for CuSO 4 Solutions at Q J C. : Sp. Gr. 1-0290, % CuSO 4 2-6460; Sp. Gr. 1-0578, % CuS0 4 5-2181; Sp. Gr. 1-0833, % CuS0 4 7-5474; Sp. Gr. M108, % CuS0 4 9'8159; Sp. Gr. 1-1371, % CuS0 4 11-9315. And Kohlrausch for Solutions at 18 C. : 5% CnS0 4 =Sp. Gr. 1'0513; 10 % CuS0 4 =Sp. Gr. 1-1073; 15 % CuS0 4 =Sp. Gr. 1-1675; 17-5 % CuS0 4 =Sp. Gr. 1-2003. 167. Specific Gravity, etc., of Zinc Sulphate (ZnS0 4 + 7H 2 Q) Solutions at 15 C. (Gerlach.) Specific Percentage of Salt. Specific Percentage of Salt. Specific Percentage of Salt. Gravity. Cryst. Anhydrous. Gravity. Cryst. Anhydrous. Gravity. Cryst. Anhydrous. 1-006 1 0-5421 1-130 21 11-3849 1-280 41 22-2276 013 2 1-0843 137 22 11-9270 288 42 22-7697 019 3 1-6264 143 23 12-4691 295 43 23-3119 024 4 2-1685 150 24 13-0113 304 44 23-8540 0288 5 2-7107 1574 25 13-5534 3100 45 24-3961 035 6 3-2528 164 26 14-0955 320 46 24-9383 041 7 3-7950 171 27 14-6377 330 47 25-4804 047 8 4-3371 179 28 15-1798 337 48 26-0225 053 9 4-8792 185 29 15-7219 346 49 26-5647 0593 10 5-4214 1933 30 16-2641 3532 50 27-1068 066 11 5-9635 200 31 16-8062 362 51 27-6489 073 12 6-5056 209 32 17-3484 370 52 28-1911 079 13 7-0478 216 33 17-8905 380 53 28-7332 085 14 7-5899 224 34 18-4326 390 54 29-2753 0905 15 8-1320 231 35 18-9748 3986 55 29-8175 097 16 8-6742 240 36 19-5169 406 56 30-3596 103 17 9-2163 246 37 20-0590 416 57 30-9018 110 18 9-7585 255 38 20-6012 425 58 31-4439 llf> 19 10-3006 263 39 21-1433 435 59 31-9860 1236 20 10-8427 2709 40 21-6854 4451 60 32-5282 913 TABLE LXXlIc. continued. 168. Specific Gravity, etc., of Zinc Sulphate Solutions at 20 '5 C. (Schiff.) Specific Gravity. % ZnS0 4 + 7H 2 0. Specific Gravity. % ZnS0 4 + 7H 2 0. Specific Gravity. % ZnS0 4 4-7H 2 0. Specific Gravity. % ZnS0 4 + 7H 2 0. 1-0057 1 1-0962 16 1-1987 31 1-3167 46 0115 2 1026 17 2060 32 3252 47 0173 3 1091 18 2134 33 3338 48 0231 4 1156 19 2209 34 3424 49 0289 5 1222 20 2285 35 3511 50 0348 6 1288 21 2362 36 3599 51 0407 7 1355 22 2439 37 3688 52 0467 8 1423 23 2517 38 3779 53 0527 9 1491 24 2595 39 3871 54 0588 10 1560 25 2674 40 3964 55 0649 11 1629 26 2754 41 4057 56 0710 12 1699 27 2834 42 4151 57 0772 13 1770 28 2917 43 4246 58 0835 14 1842 29 3000 44 4342 59 0899 15 1914 30 3083 45 4439 60 169. Specific Gravity, etc., of Zinc Sulphate Solutions at 18 C. (Kohlrausch.) Specific Percentage of Gravity. ZnS0 4 . ZuS0 4 +7H 2 0. 1-0509 5 8-913 1069 10 17-826 1675 15 26-739 2323 20 35-652 3045 25 44-565 3788 30 53-478 170. Specific Gravity, etc., of Zinc Sulphate Solutions at C. (Charpy.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of ZnS0 4 . 1-0565 5-1110 1106 9-7426 1645 14-0307 2145 17-7573 2665 21-4444 3152 24-7170 171. Density, etc., of Cerium Sulphate Solutions at 15 C. (Bromner.) Density. Percentage of C1 2 (S0 4 ) 3 . Density. Percentage of C1 2 (S0 4 ) 3 . 1-0301 3-07 1-1192 11-23 0581 5-76 1367 12-70 0800 7-80 1462 13-53 0909 8-77 1964 17-48 0994 9-54 2878 24-02 914 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. Hi'. Specific Gravity, etc., of Ammonio-Sodic Sulphate Solutions at 15 C. (Schiff.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of NH 4 NaS0 4 + 2H 2 0. Specific Gravity. Percentage of NH 4 NaS0 4 + 2H 2 0. Specific Gravity. Percentage of NH 4 NaS0 4 + 2H 2 0. 1-0337 0679 6'36 12-72 1-0849 1380 15-9 25-44 1-1749 31-8 173. Specific Gravity, etc., of Ammonio-Ferrous Sulphate {(NH 4 ) Fe(S0 4 ). 7 at 19 C. (Schiff.) i Specific Gravity. Percentage of Salt. Specific Gra vi ty. Percentage of Salt. Specific Gravity. Percentage of Salt. Specific Gravity. Percentage of Salt. 1-006 1 1-054 9 1-104 17 1-156 25 013 2 060 10 110 18 164 26 018 3 066 11 116 19 171 27 024 4 073 12 124 20 179 28 030 5 080 13 130 21 185 29 036 6 085 14 136 22 193 30 042 7 092 15 143 23 047 8 097 16 150 24 174. Specific Gravity of Potassium Magnesium Sulphate (K MWSOA, Solutions at 15 C. (Schiff.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of Salt. Specific Gravity. Percentage of Salt. Specific Gravity. Percentage of Salt. Specific Gravity. Percentage of Salt. 1-0064 0129 0195 0261 0327 1 2 3 4 5 1-0462 0530 0599 0668 0737 7 8 9 10 11 1-0878 0950 1021 1094 1167 13 14 15 16 17 1-1314 1388 1463 1539 19 20 21 22 0394 6 0808 12 1240 18 915 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 175. Specific Gravity, etc., of Potassium Alum and Ammonium Alum at 17'5 C. Percentage of Alum. Specific Gravity of Solution of K 2 A1 2 (S0 4 ) 4 + 24H 2 Specific Gravity of Solution of (NH 4 ) 2 A1 2 (S0 4 ) 4 + 24H 2 0. 1 2 3 4 5 6 1-0065 0110 0166 0218 0269 0320 1-0060 0109 0156 0200 0255 0305 176. Specific Gravity, etc., of Potassium Alum Solu- tions at 17 0> 5 C. according to Gerlach. 1 1-0049 2 0100 3 0152 4 0205 5 0258 6 0310 7 0362 8 0415 9 0469 10 0523 11 0578 12 0635 13 0690 177. Specific Gravity, etc., of Ammonium Alum Solu- tions at 15 C. according to Gerlach. 3% 1-0141 6 0282 9 0423 178. Specific Gravity, etc., of Potassium Chrome Alum Solutions at 17'5 C. (Franz.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of K 2 Cr 2 (S0 4 ) 4 + 24H..O. Specific Gravity. Percentage of K 2 2 (S0 4 ) 4 + 24H 2 0. Specific Gravity. Percentage of K 2 Cr 2 (S0 4 ) 4 + 24H 2 0. Specific Gravity. Percentage of K 2 Cr 2 (S0 4 ) 4 + 24H 2 0. 1-0035 1 1-0700 19 1-1702 37 1-3542 54 0070 2 0746 20 1767 38 3704 55 0105 3 0798 21 1832 39 3876 56 0140 4 0850 22 1896 40 4048 57 0174 5 0902 23 1987 41 4220 58 0209 6 0954 24 2078 42 4392 59 0244 7 1004 25 2169 43 4566 60 0279 8 1060 26 2260 44 4743 61 0314 9 1116 27 2352 45 4920 62 0342 10 1172 28 2460 46 5097 63 0378 11 1228 29 2568 47 5274 64 0414 12 1274 30 2676 48 5452 65 0450 13 1334 31 2784 49 5634 66 0486 14 1394 32 2894 50 5816 67 0524 15 1454 33 3056 51 5998 68 0568 16 1514 34 3218 52 6180 69 0612 17 1572 35 3380 53 6362 70 0656 18 1637 36 916 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 179. Specific Gravity, etc., of Solutions of various Alums at 15 C. V.=Violpt Variety: G.=Green Variety (Gerlach.) Percentage of Crystallised Alum. Specific Gravity for Corresponding Percentage of Anhydrous Alum for Am-Fe Alum. Am-Cr Alum (Grepn). K-Fe Alum. K-Cr. Alum. Am-Fe Alum. Am-Cr Alum. K-Fe Alum. K-Cr Alum. 5 1-023 1-0250 V. 1-0272 2-76 2-854 2-839 10 047 1-044 0507 jGr. 0510) | V. 0550 | 5-52 5-486 5-708 5-677 15 071 0773 V. 0835 8-28 8-561 8-516 20 096 091 1050 Gr. 103 11-04 10-972 11-415 11-355 25 122 1340 13-80 14-269 30 148 142 1645 161 16-56 16-458 17-123 17-032 35 175 1967 19-32 19-976 40 203 197 225 22-08 21-944 22-710 50 255 295 27-429 28-387 60 317 371 32-915 34-065 70 384 453 38-401 39-742 80 456 541 43-887 45-420 90 532 635 49-373 51-097 180. Specific Gravity, etc., of Potassio- Ferric Alum Solutions at 17 '5 C. (Franz.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of + 24H 2 4 . 4 Specific Gravity. Percentage of K 2 Fe 2 (S0 4 ) 4 + 24H 2 0. Specific Gravity. Percentage of K 2 Fe 2 (S0 4 ) 4 + 24H 2 0. Specific Gravity. Percentage of K 2 Fe 2 (S0 4 ) 4 + 24H 2 0. 1-0054 1 1-0428 9 1-0760 17 1-1136 25 0108 2 0466 10 0804 18 1193 26 0162 3 0507 11 0848 19 1250 27 0216 4 0548 12 0894 20 1307 28 0268 5 0589 13 0942 21 1364 29 0308 6 0630 14 0990 22 1422 30 0348 7 0672 15 1038 23 0388 8 0716 16 1086 24 917 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 181. Specific Gravity, etc., of Sodium Thiosulphate Solutions at 19 C. (Schiff.) Specific Percentage of Gravity. Na 2 S 2 3 + 5H 2 0. Percentage of Na 2 S 2 3 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of Na 2 S 2 3 + 5H 2 0. Percentage of Na 2 S,0 3 . 1-0052 1 0-637 1-1440 26 16-564 0105 2 1-274 1499 27 17-201 0158 3 1-911 1558 28 17-838 0211 4 2-584 1617 29 18-475 0264 5 3-185 1676 30 19-113 0317 6 3-822 1738 31 19-750 0370 7 4-459 1800 32 20-387 0423 8 5-096 1862 33 21-024 0476 9 5-733 1924 34 21-661 0529 10 6-371 1986 35 22-298 0584 11 7-008 2048 36 22-935 0639 12 7-645 2110 37 23-572 0695 13 8-282 2172 38 24-209 0751 14 8-919 2234 39 24-846 0807 15 9-556 2297 40 25-484 0863 16 10-193 2362 41 26-121 0919 17 10-830 2427 42 26-758 0975 18 11-467 2492 43 27-395 1031 19 12-105 2558 44 28-032 1087 20 12-742 2624 45 28-669 1145 21 13-379 2690 46 29-306 1204 22 14-016 2756 47 29-943 1263 23 14-653 2.S22 48 30-580 1322 24 15-290 2888 49 31-218 1381 25 15-927 2954 50 31-855 182. Specific Gravity, etc., of Potassium Chromate Solutions at 19 -5 C. (Schiff.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of K 2 Cr0 4 . Specific Gravity. Percentage ofK 2 Cr0 4 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of K 2 Cr0 4 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of K 2 Cr0 4 . 1-0080 1 1-0925 11 1-1864 21 1-2921 31 0161 2 1014 12 1964 22 3035 32 0243 3 1104 13 2066 23 3151 33 0325 4 1195 14 2169 24 3268 34 0408 5 1287 15 2274 25 3386 35 0492 6 1380 16 2379 26 3505 36 0576 7 1474 17 2485 27 3625 37 0663 8 1570 18 2592 28 3746 38 0750 9 1667 19 2700 29 3868 39 0837 10 1765 20 2808 30 3991 40 VOL. II. 3 N 918 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 183. Specific Gravity, etc., of Sodium Bichromate Solutions. (Stanley.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of Na 2 Cr 2 7 . Speci fi cGravity.| *%$&* SpecificGravity^ ^ntage of 1-007 1 Mil 20 1-280 40 035 5 171 25 313 45 071 10 208 30 343 50 105 15 245 35 ! 184. Specific Gravity, etc., of Potassium Bichromate Solutions at 19'5 C. Percentage of K 2 Cr 2 7 , . Specific Gravity, .... 5-731 1-0405 11-583 1-0847 185. Specific Gravity, etc., of Potassium Bichromate Solutions at 19 '5 C. (Gerlach, from Kremers.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of K 2 Cr 2 7 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of K 2 O 2 7 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of K 2 2 7 . 1-007 1 1-043 6 1-080 11 015 2 050 7 087 12 022 3 056 8 095 13 030 4 065 9 102 14 037 5 073 10 110 15 186. Specific Gravity, etc., of Sodium Tungstate Solutions at 24-5 C. (Franz.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of Na 2 W0 4 + 2H 2 0. Specific Gravity. Percentage of Na 2 W0 4 + 2H 2 0. Specific Gravity. Percentage of Na 2 W0 4 + 2H 2 0. Specific Gravity. Percentage of Na2\V0 4 + 2H,0. 1-004 1 1-092 12 1-195 23 1-335 34 012 2 101 13 204 24 349 35 021 3 110 14 215 25 364 36 029 4 119 ! 15 227 26 381 37 036 5 130 16 239 27 397 38 045 6 139 17 250 28 414 39 052 7 147 18 262 29 430 40 059 8 156 19 274 30 445 41 068 9 166 20 289 ! 31 460 42 075 10 176 21 305 32 476 43 084 11 185 22 321 i 33 492 44 1 of + 2H 2 0) corresponds to 0-8909367 of Na 2 WO 4 . 919 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 187. Specific Gravity, etc., of Potassium Thiocarhonate Solutions at 15 C. (Delachanal.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of K 2 CS 3 . Percentage of CS,. Specific Gravity. 1 Per ^ f **%& of 1-036 5-2 2-12 1-332 43-5 17-70 075 10-7 4-37 357 46-2 18-85 116 16-1 6-57 383 48-9 19-95 161 22-0 8-98 410 51-8 21-13 209 28-5 11-63 453 56-4 23-01 262 35-0 14-28 530 63-7 25-99 284 37-8 15-42 580 68-0 27-74 308 40-7 16-60 188. Specific Gravity, etc., of Borax Solutions at 15 C. (Gerlach.) Percentage of Specific Gravity. Na. 2 B 4 7 +10H 2 0. NaoB 4 7 . 1-0049 1 0-5288 0099 2 1-0576 0149 3 1-5864 0199 4 2-1152 0249 5 2-6439 0299 6 3-1727 189. Specific Gravity, etc., of Sodium Phosphates Solutions. (Schiff.) Specific Gravity for Specific Gravity for Specific Per- Per- Per- Gravity centage centage centage for of Salt. Na 2 HP0 4 + 12H 2 0. Na 3 P0 4 + 12H 2 O. of Salt. Na 2 HP0 4 + 12H 2 0. Na 3 P0 4 + 12H 2 0. of Salt. Na 3 P0 4 + 12H 2 0. 19 C. 15 C. 19 C. 15 J C. 15 C. 1 1-0041 1-0043 9 1-0376 1-0399 17 1-0778 2 0083 0086 10 0418 0455 18 0827 3 0125 0130 11 0460 0492 19 0876 4 0166 0174 12 0503 0539 20 0925 5 0208 0218 13 0586 21 0975 6 0250 0263 14 . . . 0633 22 1025 7 0292 0308 15 . . . 0681 23 1076 8 0332 0353 16 0729 24 1127 920 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 190. Specific Gravity, etc., of Potassium-dihydrogen Phosphate Solutions at 18 C. (Kohlrausch.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of KH 2 PU 4 . 1-0341 5 0691 10 1092 15 191. Specific Gravity, etc., of Sodium Arsenates Solutions. (Schiff.) Per- centage of Salt. Specific Gravity for Per- centage of Salt. Specific Gravity for Per- centage of Salt. Specific Gravity for NaoHAs0 4 + 12H 2 0. Na 2 HAs0 4 + 12H 2 0. Na 3 As0 4 + 12H 2 0. Na 2 HAsO, + 12H 2 0. Na 3 As0 4 + 12H 2 0. 14 C. 17 C. 14 C. 17 C. 1 1-0042 1-0053 15 1-0665 1-0830 29 1-1358 2 0084 0107 16 0712 0887 30 1410 3 0126 0161 17 0759 0945 31 1463 4 0168 0215 18 0807 1003 32 1516 5 0212 6 0256 0270 0325 19 20 0855 0904 1061 1120 33 1569 34 1623 7 0300 0380 21 0953 1179 35 1677 8 0344 0435 22 1002 1238 36 1731 9 0389 10 0434 0491 0547 23 24 1052 1102 37 38 1786 1418 11 0479 0603 25 1153 ... 39 1896 12 13 0525 0571 0659 0716 26 27 1204 1255 40 1952 14 0618 0773 28 1306 ... 921 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 192. Specific Gravity, etc., of Solutions of various Acetates. Specific Gravity for Corresponding Percentages of cc "5 X--X o2 rf J H d a, a "7 fc g"- I 8 & 33*| co -3 M ""5 O cc ^~3 CO ^ 1 Si il 8~ go ^ s si s ; ^5 o . R, . S . j Q..-; Q. . 0'"" dn 00 K o jf cc'^ O S 0 MH p * 0- " 0^ 5 1-012 1-015 1-026 1-0245 1-0260 1-0436 1-0319 3-015 4-288 10 022 031 052 0490 0530 0758 0654 6-030 8-576 15 032 047 079 0740 0792 1120 1010 9-045 12-864 20 042 063 107 1005 1051 1522 1384 12-060 17-151 25 052 0795 136 1270 1321 1952 1784 15-075 21-439 30 062 0960 166 1545 1594 2402 2211 18-090 25-727 35 0695 1130 (31) 1-172 1820 2954 2669 21-105 30-015 40 0770 1305 2105 3558 3163 24-120 34-303 45 1485 2390 3695 27-135 38-591 50 0920 1670 2685 4271 30-150 42-879 55 2980 60 3285 193. Specific Gravity, etc., of Ammonium Acetate Solutions at 16 C. (Hager.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of NH 4 C 2 H 3 2 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of NH 4 C 2 H 3 2 . 1 1-030 14 2 032 15 1-008 3 034 16 010 4 036 17 012 5 038 18 014 6 040 19 016 7 042 20 018 8 044 21 020 9 046 22 022 10 048 23 024 11 050 24 026 12 052 25 028 13 054 26 Specific Gravity. Percentage of NH 4 C 2 H 3 2 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of NH 4 C 2 H 3 2 . 1-056 27 1-0770 40 058 28 0785 41 060 29 0800 42 062 30 0815 43 0636 31 0830 44 0651 32 0845 45 0666 33 0860 46 0681 34 0875 47 0695 35 0890 48 0710 36 0905 AQ 0725 37 0920 50 0740 38 0935 i 51 0755 39 0950 Vj 922 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 194. Specific Gravity, etc., of Sodium Acetate Solutions at 17'5 C. (Gerlach.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of NaC-jHA. Specific Gravity. Percentage of NaC 2 H 3 2 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of NaC 2 H 3 2 . Specific Gravity. Percentag NaC 2 H 3 ( 1-005 1 1-047 9 1-090 17 1-136 25 010 2 052 10 096 18 142 26 016 3 057 11 101 19 148 27 021 4 063 12 107 20 154 28 026 5 068 13 113 21 160 29 031 6 074 14 119 22 166 30 036 7 079 15 124 23 172 31 042 8 085 16 130 24 195. Specific Gravity, etc., of Potassium Acetate Solutions at 17'5 C. (Gerlach.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of KC 2 H 3 2 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of KC 2 H 3 2 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of KC 2 H 3 2 . Specific Gravity. Percentag KC 2 H 3 1-0049 1 1-0793 16 1-1600 31 1-2449 46 0098 2 0846 17 1655 32 2508 47 0147 3 0899 18 1710 33 2567 48 0196 4 0952 19 1765 34 2626 49 0245 5 1005 20 1820 35 2685 50 0294 6 1058 21 1877 36 2744 51 0343 7 1111 22 1934 37 2803 52 0392 8 1164 23 1991 38 2862 53 0441 9 1217 24 2048 39 2921 54 0490 10 1270 25 2105 40 2980 55 0540 11 1325 26 2162 41 3041 56 0590 12 1380 27 2219 42 3102 57 0640 13 1435 28 2276 43 3163 58 OiiDO 14 1490 29 2333 44 3224 59 0740 15 1545 30 2390 45 3285 60 196. Specific Gravity, etc., of Calcium Acetate Solutions at 17-5 C. (Hager.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of Ca^HA),. Specific Gravity. Percentage of Ca(C 2 H 3 2 ) 2 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of Ca(C 2 H 3 2 ) 2 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of Ca(C 2 H 3 2 ) 2 . 1-0051 1 1-0475 9 1-0895 17 1-1321 25 0103 2 0530 10 0947 18 1375 26 0155 3 0582 11 0999 19 1430 27 0207 4 0634 12 1051 20 1484 28 0260 5 0686 13 1105 21 1539 29 0313 6 0739 14 1159 22 1594 30 0367 7 0792 15 1213 23 0421 8 0843 16 1267 24 923 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 197. Specific Gravity, etc., of Barium Acetate Solutions at 17'5 C. (Franz.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of Ba(C 2 H 3 2 ) 2 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of Ba(C 2 H 3 2 ) 2 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of Ba(C 2 H 3 2 ) 2 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of Ba(C 2 H 3 2 ) 2 . 1-0087 1 1-0830 11 1-1608 21 1-2512 31 0174 2 0902 12 1694 22 2622 32 0261 3 0974 13 1780 23 2732 33 0348 * 1046 14 1866 24 2842 34 0436 5 1120 15 1952 25 2954 35 0500 6 1201 16 2042 26 3075 36 0564 7 1282 17 2132 27 3196 37 0628 8 1363 18 2222 28 3317 38 0692 9 1444 19 2312 29 3438 39 0758 10 1522 20 2402 30 3558 40 198. Specific Gravity, etc., of Lead Acetate Solutions at 15 C. (Gerlach.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of Pb^ 2 + 3H 2 0. Specific Gravity. Percentage of Pb^ 2 + 3H 2 0. Specific Percentage of Gravity. Pb^4 2 + 3H 2 0. Specific Gravity. Percentage of Pb^ 2 .+ 3H 2 0. 1-0064 1 1-0939 14 1-1955 27 1-3163 40 0127 2 1010 15 2040 28 3269 41 0191 3 1084 16 2126 29 3376 42 0255 4 1159 17 2211 30 3482 43 0319 5 1234 18 2303 31 3588 44 0386 6 1309 19 2395 32 3695 45 0453 7 1384 20 2486 33 3810 46 0520 8 1464 21 2578 34 3925 47 0587 9 1544 22 2669 35 4041 48 0654 10 1624 23 2768 36 4156 49 0725 11 1704 24 2867 37 4271 50 0796 12 1784 25 2966 38 0867 13 1869 26 3064 39 924 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 199. Specific Gravity, etc., of Lead Acetate Solutions at 20 C. (Salomon.) Pb(C 2 H 3 2 ) 2 + 3H 2 0. Grammes of Acetate in 100 c.cms. Specific Gravity. Grammes of Acetate in 100 c.cms. Specific Gravity. Gr A 1 1 1-0062 14 1-0870 2 0124 15 0932 3 0186 16 0994 4 0248 17 1056 5 0311 18 1118 6 0373 19 1180 7 0435 20 1242 8 0497 21 1302 9 0559 22 1362 10 0622 23 1422 11 0684 24 1482 12 0746 25 1543 13 0808 26 1603 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 les of ;e in cms. Specific Gravity. Grammes of Acetate in 100 c.cms. Specific Gravity. r 1-1663 40 1-2440 I 1723 41 2499 > 1783 42 2558 ) 1844 43 2617 1903 44 2676 5 1963 45 2735 ; 2022 46 2794 . 2082 47 2853 2142 48 2912 2201 49 2971 f 2261 50 3030 \ 2320 > 2380 200. Specific Gravity, etc., of Potassium Oxalates Solutions at 17 '5 C. (Franz.) ! Specific Gravity for & Specific Gravity for P II I* KAO^O. KHC 2 4 + H 2 0. KH 3 (C 2 4 ) 2 + 2H S 0. 1* K 2 C 2 4 +H 2 0. 1 1-0068 1-0055 1-0047 14 1-0912 2 0134 0110 0093 15 0977 3 0201 0164 16 1043 4 0268 0218 17 1109 5 0337 0271 18 1175 6 0401 19 1241 7 0465 20 1 306 8 0529 21 1372 9 10 11 12 13 0593 0656 0720 0784 0848 22 23 24 25 1438 1504 1570 1637 925 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 201. Specific Gravity, etc., of Tartar-emetic Solutions at 17-5 C. (Streit.) Specific Gravity. Percentage of KSbOC 4 H 4 6 + ^HoO. 1-005 0-5 007 1 012 ,2 , 018 3 027 4 035 5 041 6 202. Specific Gravity, etc., at 17 '5 C. of Solutions of Alkaline Tartrates. (Gerlach.) Specific Gravity. i-oooo 0650 1350 2110 2930 3815 am Tartrate. Potassium Sodium Tartrate. Percentage of K 2 C 4 H 4 6 . Specific Gravity. Percentage of NaKC 4 H 4 6 . Percentage of NaKC 4 H 4 6 + 4H20. 1-0000 10 0510 7-448 10 20 1050 14-896 20 30 1620 22-344 30 40 2230 29-729 40 50 2890 37-240 50 203. Specific Gravity, etc., at 19'5 of Solutions of Alkaline Tartrates. (Kremers.) Specific Gravity for Solutions of Percentage of Salt. Potassium Tartrate Sodium Tartrate Sodium Potassium Cryst. Cryst. Tartrate Cryst. 5 1-032 1-030 1-025 10 063 060 050 15 097 093 078 20 133 125 105 25 170 157 134 30 208 192 162 35 249 228 193 40 290 255 224 45 335 255 50 380 287 55 426 321 60 476 65 533 926 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 204. Specific Gravity, etc., of Barium Hydroxide Solutions. (Dalton.) Sp. Gr., . . .1-01 1'02 1-03 1'3 1'6 Percentage of BaO, . 0'9 1'8 2'6 19 30 205. Specific Gravity, etc., of Sodium Phosphotungstate Solutions at 20 C. (Brandhorst and Kraut.) (Na 2 0) 2 .P 2 5 (W0 3 ) 24 (a) Sp. Gr. Percentage of Crystallised Salt. 1-085 10-22 190 316 20-94 31-14 496 42-61 702 52-92 2-001 64-11 Percentage of Salt. Specific Gravity for Anhydrous Salt Crystallised Salt. 5 1-044 1-040 10 092 084 15 143 131 20 199 181 25 262 237 30 333 299 35 414 370 40 507 449 45 613 538 50 734 640 55 872 754 60 884 64 998 927 TABLE LXXIIc. continued. 206. Specific Gravity of Carbon Bisulphide Solutions of Sulphur at 15 C. (Macagno.) Sp. Gr. % s. Sp.Gr., %S. Sp. Gr. %s. Sp. Gr. O5 CM CO CM (71 CO O5 r-l d o o c^ r 1 IO O O5 OO 00 iC O co co CO CM - CM r- 1 CM CM i CO co co r^ 00 I CO 00 1C (71 ^ t- ^ CO CM O ** CM I-H CM r-H r-H GO CO -HH O r-l 00 O O5 -^ Weight in 100 parts of Water. (710 CO O O5 O5 O CM ^ ^H ^t- r-l 1C CO O5 ^ r-H CM 00 O5 00 r-l ^ o co co O iO iO CO co co CO co O ^ OO CO t^ GO GO O5 O -JO O5 CM ^ CO 05 05 05 00 I-H O5 O Calcium Chloride, CuCl 2 . Weight of Water to dissolve 1 part Salt. CO CM i i 1C OX) t~ lO CO r-H CO lO O d t> COCMO CM O5 CO O5 O5 b b O5 CO O CO CO O GO 00 CO bob iO (71 I- 10 b o IO O5 CO r-l b b c; 05 GO t- cp co bob 05 CO b Weight in 100 parts of Water. OS "HH "* O co CO CO "f -71 CO b- GO O5 iO O iO r-l (71 (71 O5 CO CM CO CO O5 CO CO CM -* t~~ is I-H Ammonium Chloride, NH 4 C1. Weight of Water to dissolve 1 part Salt. CM l>- O (71 ^ C71 GO GO CO O co ic ^ 00 71 - t^ 00 O5 O O5 00 CM lO GO X^ 00 CM CO CO CO r-l CO lO lO "* ^ co CO CO CO C71 CM CM CM CM n Weight in 100 parts of Water. O <71 oo b (71 CO 00 O CO O CM (71 lO t CO I 1 00 O CM CO CO 00 "* CO O (71 00 O CM Tf CO O5 r-l CO CO O o co CM IO co co t>- O5 r-H CO CO ^ CO CO 00 CM io 05 r-H O CO CO CO GO CO co co O (71 Potassium Chloride, KCI. Weight of Water to dissolve 1 part Salt. r IO CO CO CO CO O5 r-H O5 00 t- !> GO t^ CO 00 ip 05 r-l CO CO ^ CO CM O CO (71 r-l CO r-H CO 05 05 00 00 *-- CO CM -> 1.3 |j Weight of Watei to dissolve 1 part Salt. CO CO CO i i O5 t tO "* CO ' CO CO CO CO O 00 t CD "^ CO Ol O OS O5 GO to tO tO * -^ '^r t^ CO 000000 O O O o o cr o o O O O O O O O Weight in 100 parts of Water. cp p r-> 01 01 01 i'-- 01 cb b 4* co d co O ^ to lO CO CD 00 01 CO O -^ CD J^ t^- 00 GO (M -* t^ oo - CD CO t-- CD 00 CO 00 CO GO to co co t^ t^ *" cc cb C-1 p to CO CM CO CO 10 co CM CO CM CO CO CO continued. Barium Bromide, BaBr,2H 2 0. Weight of Water to dissolve 1 part Salt. b 01 cp b 05 b Weight in 100 parts of Water. CO CO r * CO i i Q ' 3 a M * ; -5:2 ^-i O 5 S Weight of Water to dissolve 1 part Salt. g b b b CO cp CO b Weight in 100 parts of Water. to to Ol -rf CO (N co 01 70 TAB Potassium Bromide, KBr. Weight of Water to dissolve 1 pnrtSalt. J>- 00 O5 i 1 1O O5 00 1>- CO CO lO T*I CO t^ TfH O5 ^ CO CO CM tO -H 00 lO - t* O5 O5 ^ l~ O5 1^ 00 00 00 GO i-H CO tO l^ O5 CM O5 O5 O5 O5 O5 O T I Sodium Bromide, NaBr. Weight of Water to dissolve 1 part Salt. O5 CO C-1 rl " -1 I I CO O5 b O 05 b 00 00 b b Weight in 100 parts of Water. ip ^H ^- 00 t- 00 o r 1 CM 05 Mercuric Chloride, HgCl 2 . Weight of Water to dissolve 1 part Salt. O C-l CO tp Cvj 1O t> to co co O op ^ ^- b CM CM tO T-l CO Weight in 100 parts of Water. CO t- O5 !> lO CO to co t co O-T K 05 CO 00 O CO CO OS 4t- co ~i lO O O O rH rH 05 05 o o o o CO CO *?H ^ \O O CD CO I> oooooooooo t^ OO OO O5 O5 O O rH O3 ^ rH r-l rH rH rH 930 Lead Nitrate, PMNOa)* Weight of Water to dissolve 1 part Salt. gi>. t>- co co t- 10 CM O t*- lO CO r-H O5 b- -t^aiOq OOOOt-t^CC>iOlO^^^COCOCOCOCOCq CM r-t i 1 r 1 i 1 Weight in 100 parts of Water. O O iGC.OOC5O'-H'M"^HlOt^OOO' iCOiOt^C/DOC-l^ ^ Strontium itrate,Sr(N0 3 )2. Weight of Water to dissolve 1 part Salt. CD ifMOii it-^OCiC5GOt-cOiOO^tipOCqi iOCi Or-HOOO-^ooiO(Mooia5cooias r-i icqcMcoco^io^^ooas. icicoob-oooc-l>- b-COCDOiOiOlOXO Weight in 100 parts of Water. Oi -^ qp p ip p Ci ^ S PH Weight in 100 parts of Water. 10 O5 so I s Weight of Water to dissolve 1 part Salt. ! 1 CO OS CO (fl s o lO (M p o CO Is 03 1 Weight in 100 parts of Water. 5 I-H 00 GO GO 10 00 00 00 CO CO CO CO CO ~ Jo* Weight of Water to dissolve 1 part Salt. lO CO p lO OS 05 cp co 10 05 CO f Weight in 100 parts of Water. CO ip CO p 05 CO GO 00 CO OS CO fa C 2 Spa ! -I* Weight of Water to dissolve 1 part Salt. CO CO CO 1 lO O5 cp lO 05 CO p 11 | Weight in 100 parts of Water. I-H co O5 CO co CO O5 co CO 1O O5 Icf CO Weight of Water to dissolve 1 part Salt. CO CO i-H cp 05 O5 cp CO CO HH p5 1* 'S i Weight in 100 parts of Water. 10 CO 00 CO 10 CO 10 ip CO co lO 10 O5 S 2 A, O "^ So Weight of Water to dissolve 1 part Salt. 4jH o 05 O5 CO 1 1 05 6 E^ r Weight in 100 parts of Water. 00 CO p co lO lO 00 cb CO I-H 1. i-s Weight of Water to dissolve 1 part Salt. GO 9 as CO 05 CO 6 pa "~" Weight in 100 parts of Water. ip CO o CO cb 00 o lO o i* Weight of Water to dissolve 1 part Salt. CO p GO GO CO 6 Ip O5 o co 6 r^ (JJ 02 g J3 3 Weight in 100 parts of Water. OS p r^H CO GO OO ^H 10 p O ^ O5 Oi O5 O5 O r-H |>- CO O5 O < i " CO CO CO CO i i CO -^l co ^h Tt> 10 y? lO CO b- O5 OO lO CO O5 co t- oo oo 05 O CO co o o o 000 O3 CO CO ^ ^h 1 O O O O CD CD l> 0000 l> OO OO OS 000 OS O rH r-1 rH i-H 932 O Weight of Water i'jjf to dissolve | g g 1 part Salt. CO O O5 OO "^ ip p "rh ib i ' CM O CO C^l i^ i"H cb 4< I^H o T-H CM CO "<* CO i-H ib & Weight of Water s to dissolve 1 part Salt. 00 CO r-H O CM o co >p3 Weight in 100 parts of Water. CM 00 CO CM ^ CO 01 co b^ CO b- ob o i-H Oi Weight of Water g *"*? to dissolve .j| M *M 1 ^ art Salt b- p CO 6 b b- cb OraO i >.ffi Weight in 100 20 te g' parts of Water. CO O O <"M O5 O5 00 b O r 1 iO 00 CO ib r-H Weight of Water z O to dissolve .1 02 1 part Salt. op co co ib 00 ^ ^H O5 Weight in 100 parts of Water. O O 00 CO b- r-H 06 ^ 00 10 i jo Weight of Water to dissolve Q - 1 part Salt. 50 Weight in 100 parts of Water. CM CO O CO CO 00 ^ O CO O CO CO CO r-H O r-H i i i-H. r-H r-H o o o 6 o 05 CO O o ooooooooooo rHi-tCMCvlCOCO^T^O ooooooooo OCOCOI>l>OOOOCSO5 1 933 f Ammonium Carbonate. Weight of Water to dissolve 1 part Salt. lO Weight in 100 parts of Water. cq CO cb CO Ammonium Oxalate, (NH 4 ) 2 C 2 4 .H 2 0. Weight of Water to dissolve 1 part Salt. cq co rH rH p cp -^ cb cb cq Weight in 100 parts of Water. O t^- l>- OS cq co ^ o cp cp CO t- rH rH cq ^ t Potassium Hydrogen xalate,KHC 2 4 . Weight of Water to dissolve 1 part Salt. ' 10 co co cq T^ cq cq o ^ CO rH oo oo ^ 00 00 OS Weight in 100 parts of Water. cq i i cq 10 cq co 10 o O 4t< rH cq co 10 Potassium Car- bonate, K 2 C0 3 . Weight of Water to dissolve 1 part Salt. 2ggSfeS2SKgggSg rHOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO Weight in 100 parts of Water. OOOOrHrn'.-lrHr-rH'?- i cq cq cq co co co H/I H/I -^ m o co oo ill IK Weight of Water to dissolve 1 part Salt. "* o cq -* o !> t<- -* co co cq cq rH FH Weight in 100 parts of Water. lO O ^h t- cq o cq cq t> co os 10 cq cq co co -^ 10 rH p cq o Sodium Carbonate, Na 2 C0 3 .10H 2 0. Weight of Water to dissolve 1 part Salt. OS Tt- GO t- CO cp ^ p cp co Weight in 100 parts of Water. CO OS 00 rH CO rH o cq OS cb cq ^ os ^ t O P3 r2 ^^ | of Weight of Water to dissolve 1 part Salt. CO CO CO CO CO CO !> OO OS O CO rH rH cqcqcqcqcqcqcqcqcqcq'? 1 cq Weight in 1 00 parts | of Water. rHiocoio^OrHcqcqcqcqcqcncqcqcMrHOst-co^ t-oscicorHcooococococococococococoiooioio Sodium Hydro- gen Carbonate, NaHC0 3 . ' Weight of Water to dissolve 1 part Salt. os t^ ci os t- H^ cq H^ o oo 4^ cq o os t^ cq o CS p-i CO CO Weight in 100 parts of Water. CO O 00 O t 10 C^ COt-OOOOOSOrHrHCqCO^lOCO OQOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO " rH rH rH VOL. II. 3o 934 fjl Weight of Water to dissolve 1 part Salt. O O CO CO CO co 00 6 t- ip o co 6 os i-H Weight in 100 parts of Water. OS cb lO cb OS 00 1-H 10 OS GO cb 01 CO if It a vi Weight of Water to dissolve 1 part Salt. t>- co T^ O^ t 10 r-H 05 Ol CO O CO Ol -^ t CO **f os co O 05 CO i-H "* 00 O OS CO CO OS ^H 00 00 t o CO X lS lO ^ 1-H ft r-H O O 10 -* co CO CO CO Ol Ol Ol Ol - CO 05 COCOi-HOOSOOOOGOGOGQGOOOCOOSOOl 00 OS OS O o i lOlCO'^^lOCOt-OOOsO' lOlCOlOCO 01 .1 p-H Q | Weight of Water | o g ~ to dissolve 1 part ?* GO p OS GO 00 l^d Salt. X ^ Weight in 100 ^ op ob o^ . 01 = -. parts of Water. co CO ^ to Q Weight of Water ^ 3 lO O CO l-H * -J: 1 to dissolve 1 part Bill Salt - 01 co ob 4* 01 p 10 'o "" ' co ^ 1-H oc OT /} ^J Weight in 100 ^H O r-^ fi parts of Water. 01 co 1-H Ol S.OO GO ^H OS 00 Weight of Water cs co o jj: to dissolve 1 part Bolt. 01 CO 01 cp 01 ** rS^^ Ol 1 - o ^02 ' Weight in 100 lO co t>. parts of Water. CO Ol 8 O Weight of Water CO ,_, 05 01 ^, to dissolve 1 part 00 OS O CO ^ '2 cT Salt. Ol Ol co co oo H Weight in 100 co co oo -* CO O7 Ol QC parts of Water. g CO 01 05 CO CO 01 d O O 1 1 II oooooooooooooooo T 1 935 Jb tt r^ Weight of Water to dissolve 1 part Salt. t- lO O 10 T^H O 2o 3o ^0 o Weight in 100 parts of Water. p b- 4* ^ OS 00 rH ff> L 3o Weight of Water to dissolve 1 part Salt. O > Weight of Water to dissolve 1 part Salt. ^ 5J 9* 3 o 6 -0 jg 02 ^ fc Weight in 100 parts of Water. CO ^H b cb O (M JS 03 ,C G< 3o Weight of Water to dissolve 1 part Salt. Cq -t-cococOCOcococoOO 3 ^r Weight of Water to dissolve 1 part -^Or-iiOCOCOOO^OOGO coiocooc^cqor-Hi^^cM ^o^q, s^aT Salt. >ooco^cocq^Hp- iOOO d 1 1 3 _^rt< g^rw " + : Weight in 100 parts of Water. O(MCOi-H-^OO5l>.CO-^ T lO5COr-HCOt^O5COO5lO(M MO s ^w Salt. OsOt^OCOCM- i i i O O O I 1 1 1 2 ^*^^ s^J? Weight in 100 C3COCOO5J>-> iO5t GO CM O .r-l ^HT (CMCOlOlr^OOOCM ^ ^-1 ^ 1, ||5 Weight of Water to dissolve 1 part Salt. r-HCMCM-^t^^r-it^^Mt^OO lOlOCOOOOiOJOOOO'-H^CO ,-HOO5t^lO-<*CpCMCM. lO r^rlioooooocboo S^ I 1 ! 3 Weight in 100 parts of Water. COOOCO^CO^CpfMCOGpO cbibtr-^-t^^-ic^ooi^GbcM OOO5OCMCOOCO^cot^CO ii t) icqcMco^coi " c3 O ooooooooooooooooooooo i-ii-ic^c^coeo^Thioococot^t^oooocDaio 1 1 936 Sodium Pyro- phosphate, Na 4 P 2 7 .10H 2 0. Weight of Water to dissolve 1 part Salt. 05 GO i-H oo CO r-H CO CM r-H 10 O5 ib p p cb CM CM CM 05 r-H 00 iO 1 1 O5 p iH Weight in 100 parts of Water. 10 r-H GO CO CM r-H O GO O5 CM IO CM cb co t-- p CM IO o cb j? I-H cb O5 Ijf*" CO Weight of Water to dissolve 1 part Salt. CO CM CO o 10 CM CO co IO O5 CO CO 10 00 oo CO 10 CM CO i-H r-H * IO TH co co cq CM Weight in 100 parts of Water. co cb IO O5 co co 10 CM O5 iO O5 ip cb fc- co cp CM CM CO ib CM CO 10 CO CO ^# ji Weight of Water to dissolve 1 part Salt. cb 00 CM ib co Weight in 100 parts of Water. CO 05 "* 10 CM CM t- i-H r-H CO ^ C3 & Weight of Water to dissolve 1 part Salt. t>- CO CM &O O^ lO ^^ t^ -HH 1 iO CO "*! 10 co CM r-H O5 t~ IO 'HH 00 co co 99 CM r-H 99 9 ^ o iO iO t CO CM r-H O CO ^* CM r-H Weight in 100 parts of Water. IO GO O5 00 CO -rHH r-H CO O5 CO IO t CO CO O oo CO CM co ^ GO 10 CM CM CO IO O5 IO "^^ O5 i-H CM CO CO ^H CO t>- CM t~ 00 OO r-H CO O5 O5 iO IO 05 O5 CO t~ O5 O5 t- co O5 05 00 (?q -05 00 Sodium Sulphite, Na^SOs. Weight of Water to dissolve 1 part Salt. s t-- O5 CO p Weight in 100 parts of Water. r-H op ib CM Ip O5 ft if Weight of Water to dissolve 1 part Salt. 00 CO GO CM 6 O5 "^ r-H CM co to 6 6 CO o O5 co O5 r-H co CM CO CM 6 GO oo o co IO IH Weight in 100 parts of Water. CM CM 05 O "* 05 IO o 00 oo co CO co o O5 ip cb IO co 10 r-H r-H 8 CO O5 r-H r-H CM CM co co CM co i-H co O5 CO CO 3 co CO 10 ll Weight of Water to dissolve 1 part Salt. s r-H r-H O CM O5 J>. IO * iO CO CO 05 T^ CO r-H O IO r-H 05 I-H ip CM O5 CM i-H CO p r-H 00 05 co CO O5 o CO CM CM CM CM CM CM Weight in 100 parts of Water. s GO IO CO oq O5 co i-H tO r-H CO iO 00 o O5 cb o CO op ib CO O5 cp p O5 co p cb cb IO CO cb *H CO O5 co co co CM IO GO Copper Sulphate, CuSO 4 . Weight of Water to dissolve 1 part Salt. CO r^ O oo 00 r-H O5 CM CO CO CO oo 1 1 CO CO IO 10 05 CO *~ IO ^ ^ co co CM CM - 1 r* Weight in 100 parts of Water. 1 o ip I H CO Tjl ip co o 4f< CM CM iO 00 "^ 000 0000 GO 00 05 05 rH rH 937 , TABLE LXXIID. I continued. a 'R .2 % co Weight of Water to dissolve 1 part Salt. J CO 00 Oi 4* jo cb cp Weight in 100 parts of Water. cp co ^ CO Oi JO 01 ^H r-H 6 Selenium Dioxide, Se0 2 . Weight of Water to dissolve 1 part Salt. JO Weight in 100 ^ parts of Water. 00 r-H Ammonium Thiocyanate, NH 4 CNS. Weight of Water ^ to dissolve 1 part oo Salt. 6 co cp Weight in 100 - cp cp Salt. co cq cq cq cq cq cq ip GO Wt-ight in 100 parts Water. co cq *> co -* 10 cq GO -co co co co co co co CO fo |j| Weight of Water to dissolve 1 part Salt. CO 6 1 1 cq p Weight in 100 parts Water. O5 p GO O5 -S Weight of Water 10 10 HI to dissolve 1 part Salt. GO GO J t r Weight in 100 GO r i CO ^tf parts Water. i I w 3 rt Weight of Water to dissolve 1 part O O5 00 GO GO i < GO Salt. O ^ ci i c Weight ml 00 J parts Water. GO cq i i cq cq cq Weight of Water i . v to dissolve 1 part 3^0 Salt. J" fl^ cp co & co cp cp ^ cq o ^ GO t>- GO '-' -^ <> r- 1 O5 co 10 cq i i 1 1 c (2 2 S Weight in 100 parts Water. rH co ^ o 6 ^ cq co 10 GO p -^ oi ^H jf Weight of Water 2 O to dissolve 1 part % Salt. g | 10 o ^ co o 10 O 3=3. Weight in 100 ^ ^ parts Water. 111 p ip i I r 1 . . Weight of Water -S c. to dissolve 1 part = | = Salt. 6 Ci 1O Cl ^ co cq 066 50 J *$ Weight in 100 H ^ parts Water. |S CO CO O O GO lO TH r-l ooo oooooooooooooo o CQ I> 00 00 Oi 05 O ^H rH i 1 939 4 - fto S (N Weight of Water to dissolve 1 part Salt. ^ OO GO 'fl 4-i O GO Weight in 100 parts Water. 00 ^ O O CO liV Weight of Water to dissolve 1 part Salt. b- cp ip p c ^o to Is Weight in 100 parts Water. iC ^ O t- Oi CO r ^ OO b- o 4- in 10 o ;o co 1^1 Weight of Water to dissolve 1 part Salt. b- ^* O t- cq CM ^5? Zr? Weight of Water to dissolve 1 part Salt. O p p r^H O i>00 00 05 O5 O 940 OO^CSOSOOCX) r^H 6 I>- CO t>- t- r-H O CO OCOCOCO l>-GOOSOr-i.ipCp "^^ O^ iO HH t^ CO O^ kO ^-H l^ CO O^ ^^^^-* ^t^"*iOiO lO lO O >O O lOiOiOiOXO ll o ooi-Hcoi>-c-OSOCN| lOiCiOOCO COOCOCOCO CO CO t t^ t t^t^l>.GOOD r! (S ^ K I K S ^ 3 OS-H^GOCOOCO O GO ^ i I OS CO OSCOxOlOiO COt OSi-H COOS-^COCM t>- CO CO CO i i OSt-^jqos i^ ^ crq O GO lOCOrHOSt- OOOOO5 OSO5OSO5GO GOGOGOt^t>- GOGOOSOSOSO c^(M-n 00 05 O rH 00 05 O rH C<1 CO TtH O 03 - O CM CO co ic ic "* co OS CM 1C OS OS ^ O 1C rH CD CO CO 1C 1C CO CO CO CO CO CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CO ^ CO CM 00 rH CM CM CO CO CM CM CM CM - i I 1C O OO CO 1C CO CM "*l "^ T}H "^ ^" ^ OS ^ OS ^ O OO t^ 1C ^ "^ CO CO CO CO oo ^ os ^ o CM rH OS 00 b- CO CO CM CM CM 1C i i^. CO O CD CO OS 1C CM OS CO CO O t^ T>H CM Oi t^. ^ CM O 00 CO TH CO rH O OS b- b- 00 00 OS O ic ic ic ic co O i i i ' - t^ !> b- CM OS b- CM b- O b- ^ rH b- CM i 1 i i i I O CM O O i 1 CO ** I OS t 1C O O OS C5 Oi O CM 1C CD b- Oi ^H CO CM , i O O^ O^ O^ O^ O^ 7-i CM 1C t- O o os oo t^ t^ OS OO 00 00 00 CM 1C b- O CO CD 1C ^* ^ CO 00 00 00 00 00 co os co co o CO 1C CO CO CO CM CO ^ CM O Oi r-H 1C CD t- O 00 CD ^ - O CO CO Oi i > CO CO OS CM 1C b- O CO 1C 00 rH ^ O OS CM CD co CO b- b- l>- OO 00 OO OO Oi Oi Oi OS O O O O ^ i ' i CM CM CM CM co co co co -^ ^ ^ ^ ^ -^ CM OS b- Tfi CD CO 1C 1C 1C b- b- b- t^ b- CM OS t^ ^ CM O -^ -^H ^ ^ t- 1- t t^ t^ O t^ ^ CM OS ^ CO CO CO CM t>- t t* I> t> b- 1C r I I -r^ CM CM CM i i i i t- t^ t^ t^ t^ CM O ^ 1C CO rH 1 O b- 1>- l^ b- b- O 00 1C CO O O OS OS os os !>. tO CO CO CO r-H CM CM CM CO co co -* ^ ^ 1C 1C 1C CO CO CO t^ t^ 00 00 GO OS O> OS O O O "-H i-H I-H CD CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CD CD CO CO co co co co co CO CD CD CD CO CO CO CO CO CO CD CD CD CD CO co co co co co CD CO CO CD b- co co co co co b- b- b- b- b- CO CO CO CO CO OS **< OS 1C 1C i 1 OS CO -^ rH CM O CM O -* Oi t^ ^ CM OS CO CM t^ 1C CO t- 1C CM O 00 -^ i-i CO CM CO CO ^ CM O OO CM rH O ^ -* CO ^ CM O 00 O O O O Os CO OS rH CM ^ CD ^ CO rH Oi Oi OS OS OS OO rH t- r-H 1C OS -* 00 CM t^ r-4 CD O ^ os co oo CM t i i CO O 1C O iC OS ^ OS CO OO CO OO Oi O O O I-H CO <* ^f TJH -* r-H 01 CM CO CO TlH T^ ^ Th Tfl ^ ^ ^ 1C 1C ^ "* -Tt* ^ ^ CO CO t^ t^ OO "* -* <*! 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CO O b "^ r-H OS b JO CM O GO OS JO^fCOCMCM i(OOOsas OOOOb-b-CO OCDJOJOJO ^^f^COCO COCOCOCMCO ^^.JH^I^I^I ^-^^coco cococococo cococococo cococococo cococococo as co i>- o * b o co co as CM -^ t as i i co *o b as o CM * CD b GO as r i CM co b cjoasasoo o^Hr^Hr^^-i cMcMCMCMcb cbcbcoco^ 4^4^-*^^ 4^JOJOJO^ Or-icojob- ooococoas CMOO^OJO asoosb-jo JOJOcO'Coas cM^ocob- coc->Ob-^ r-ioscocoo oojocor-ias CDJOCMOGO CO^CMOGO b-jocor-nos jojoo^'* ^cocococo (MCMCMCMr-i r-H i i r-n o ooooas asasosasoo OlOOS^jHOS ^OpCpOOCO b-(MI>-CMCp r-HJOpOp ^OSCOOpCp b-CMb-CMb- asasasoo ^H^HCMCMCO CO-^H^JOJO cbcbb-i>-ob caoobasaso OT-H, ICMOOOO T-ICMCOT^O COb-OOCiO rH(MCOTHO cQNW COCOCOOTCO WCOCOCOrH TtH^rHr^^ ^^^^0 OOOOO VOL. II. 3 P 950 cT 1 lOiOiOlOlO IO IO lO CO CO CO CO CO CD I COCOCOCOCO COCOCOCOCO CO CO CO CC CO t- t^ t^ t^ IT- CO CO CO CO CO OO GC GO CO CO CO CO CO (M g 5 3 w 6 CM 00 CO -^ -* CO OO "* O CO b- CD CO CO IO IO t OS r 1 CO IO l>- OS CM O - lO COr lOSb-lp cb^-^-ooas asoOr^-icM (Mco-^ibib cbt^^-c>oas OrHr^cMco lO CO t GO O (M^l^r 110 ascOlr-CMt COOSiOr it^- -^ i i OO O CO O X CO ^ CO r- 1 OS t- CO -HH (Mr-HOSGOCO IO CO CM i I Oi COt-O^CO GO t t I t t CO CO CO CO COCOlOlOlO 1O1OOO"H^ "TiH'HH" t^ CO CO CO COCOCOCOlO lOlOiOiOlO lO^"^-rtH^ xJH-HH-rtH-^lOO r-H as-HHcocpcM t^cogs^cp cpr;Hj>.cpas ippcpcMoo cpasipr-it>. b-cioasaso o rH i i CM co co^'^oib co b- t co co asasorHr^H lOiOiOlOCO COCOCOCOCO COCOCOCOCO COCOCOCOCO CO CO t t- t- CO^iOt^O lOOiOOSi i ^HcoaOi-HCO COOCOI^CO OOOiOiOlO eoot>--^cM as t TJH CM co cococo^"<* "*ioOioco t t oocso t-t-COCOCC !OOiOlOiO 1O1O1O1O>O lO lO iO iO IO lOiOiOlOCO t^ l>- t t t t ir CO "*H CO CM r-H O OS OO t iO "^ CM O !> "^f r i l> CO t-ooasor-H (Mco^ioio >oioio^-^ 4^-HH'HH-^i^ cococbcMCM 10 10 10 co co co co co co co co co co co co co co co co co co co co co co r i. IO IO COCOCOCOCO COCOCOCOCO CO CO I !>*> lOt-OSCOi-H (MCM CMCMCMCMCM CMCMCMCMCM CMCMCMCMCM cococo^io coco cococococo cococococo cococococo r I pasjpipas ipip ipipipipip ipipipipip ipioipipip t>- l>. t CO CO COCO COCOCOCOCO COCOCOCOCO COCOCOCOCO os^osioos CMOOCOOCO COOSIOCMOS cocooooco io^cor-ias t^-co^ :o i i ooot-co^ co i i o as t COO^CMI-H oasoot^io OO GO OO GO GO GO t l>- 1>- l>- !> t> l>- CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO IO IO IO 1O r I (MCOr-Hlpp IpOS-HHCpCp t^CMCpTyHCp plOO^HOS COCJOCMt-CM coco4^4^h loibcbcbt^ t^ooooasas oorHr^Ai CMCMCOCO^ 1O1OO1O1O 1O1O1O1OCO 1O1O1O1OIO COCOCOCOCO COCOCOCOCO W *" 3 I & t ^ o I Sr-oooio THCSICO^O CDI>OO OOOCD CDCDCDCDCO CD CD CD CD THQOO5O j^ L*^ ** t^ L^* t^ t^* t* 1 * ^"^ OO 951 os o CM ^t< co GO O - l^ t~ !> l^ GO GO GO GO GO GO OS OS OS OS OS OS O O r-HryHOOC5 OS GO GO 00 l>- t- t>- CO CO CO CO lO lO 1O -^ cb cb cb cb 10 ib ib ib >o b b ib ib ib ib ib ib *b ib b O> OS OS O > i O OS '/) t^. GO GO OS <~} i~H CM CO "** lO r^ ib ib cb ir- oo os o T i CM cb -**< b cb GO os~^-iJ.^- GOGOCSOO i ii IC<1COCO ^t^t^t-l^ l>-t-t^GOGO GOGOGOGOGO CO Ir*^ OS lO - GOOCOiOt^ O^t^r- ICO i ( GO CO "^f -^ t> CO CO CO CO CO i> 1>- 1>- t GO GO GO OS OS O O r~* CM CO CM OSOp^GO (Mlpt--p-GOOCM ^t^O^fOS COCOCOCOCO COCOCOCOCO COCOCOtr-l>- l>-b-GOGOGO >Oplp^CO (MOOOCpCp pCpCMCpOS CMCp^CpOS t^-i^-i^H^HAi T li lOOO OOsOSGOt* b-COiO^CM cococococo cococococo coioioioio ooioioio COt^COO^ CO COO ^COCMiiO OSGOt>-COJO lO^ooioio -^ -^ -rf Tt< -*i ^-^-^t 1 ^^ cococococo cpT-icppio pipp^os -rhioiocbcb i>-t^GOooGO cococococo cococococo i>-t^GOooGO os os o o i i < i CM CM co co co rH 00 OS O t- 00 C5 O GO CO 00 GO GO GO CO CO CO Oi Oi OS O5 OS OS OS OS O5 O5 O 952 tt s s 2 S 's O - e i & !l a 5 "3 S ^ - i! H g" S fe = 2 3 'S ^ > "S - "S 2 3 bo 00 ' 1 ^ - li a *: O GO r-H CO OS ^ O !> O CO 1>- CO coocqcOr-H oscqcooor-H cococojoci oscqt^co^ COOr-Hl>.^ OC-IOCO^ t^OsiOOJO Ot^CO^OS cocq^t^co coci^oocq GO -* i i as t i^t^asr-H^ .8 r ^ GO t- CO JO ^* ^f CO CO CO CO CO co ^H as i jo cociooot- JO"^coiio asooi^t^co 3 1 JO CO CO t^ t~ 00 ocq^coas cqioascoco coasco^co co^coo^ 'S *c 5 e ci ci ci ci cq cq COCOCOCOCO ^^r^JOJO COCOt^GOOS Or-ncq^HiO 'o -a "1 *o .2 T: OS ^ O O r-H -. ZO CO O OO CO r-H OS OS ^H ,1, ,1, ^ co-^JOcoi-H t>-cqcor-Hi>. coob-^cq ooocojo-^f jo^cocici i T-H o o as asascococo oot-t^i>-t- asasc'sasas asasasasoo GOGOCOOOCO cocoooooco C T2 r-H C H ^ 1 OS -^ !>. O Cl ^ GO OS OS O O jocot^ooas asasooo I-H T-H r-n r i cq cqcicqcito H i 9 M -u CO ^O ^^ O^ ^O G^l OS 00 CO 00 O CO o T*I Cl O GO co co a:'X)Osoo r-H co o t^ as iooot^ co r i r i ^ cq iocor-Hoo ooooo r-Hcqjo^i-H io^:>ooco r-HOSi^-JOCO r-HOit^lOCO r-HOSb-CO^ Cqi-HOSGOCO 3 ^ g -^ ~* -^ CO CO CO COCTC1C1C1 Clr-Hr i-Hr I r-HOOOO OOOS Hi 1 O JO e as o -H ci co ^ OOJOOJO JOOiOOJO OxOOOO JOOJOOJO coi^ooOr ' cq-^iot^oo Or-ico^co j>-asocqco S ^o t^ t"** l^*- 1 " 1 ^- b-t-t^cboo cococc'coco asasasasas asasooo r l i 1 r-H c O i-l 00 Ci 7-H O i-H CM CO -^ H rHi IrHrHi 1 rHrHrHi I CO lO -* g> ^f as ip T-H t--^Hi looio CM p op co o o ^ -* co co co - c> ;/) op t i> CO CO <^^ C^ "^^ CO CTi C^l lO O"i CO O^ lO ^D CO CO 3D ^^ Ol **^ CO OC Oi ^^ Ol CO *^ lO CO .t^ ' i CM CM CM CMCMCOCOCO ^JH^iOCOCO COCOb-b-t- b-b-b-0000 OOOOOOOOOO CO COO5 t^. b t> b CO CO CO CO CO CO COCOCOCOO lOiO^ 1 ^^ COCOCOCMCM CM i i i O OOCOOOOOGO OOOOCOCOOO OOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOO COCOCO-*^ -^ -^t O lO lO iOCOcOCOb- b-b-OOOOOJ OSOOr-ii-H CM CM CO i i CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM ^ O5 CM GO lO CO OS 01 OS lO CO O CM i ' O O5 CM CO OO t^ lO 00 b- CO 00 t- lO ^ O^ O^ O"i ^^ i>- CM r 1 O O 00 CM CO CO iO CO b- b- CO lO CO O CO GO Tf CO CO ^f b- O5 CM i < CM CO O O5 OS CM O OS O5 CO CO (M GO co co b- co OS "* b- Ol IO ^H 10 lO CO 6 6 O O CO OS r 1 O 6 ^ O 10 CM ^H lO O -Ir^ Oi O O O CM CO O t O> O CM O iO ^ K iO i 1 CO "* 10 CO lO *^^ 3C CM ^H ,-H r-l i-H i-H p-H CM !M CM CM CM C* 1 ! CO CO co co co co '*'*'* T* -* 10 r < i I COi^OOOO THfMCO-^O COt^QOOSO rH (M (M (M < 3 , w I t H rf i g a - 1 GO l>- b- O CM ^hl>.i 100 - CM O O OS GO t*- l^ CO ,_, ,_ ^ _H OOOO ^ CM O GO CO T^ 0 lOiO"*^^* "* OOOOO OOOOO O GO CO 1O Tti CO CO CO OOOO X CO^CMOSCO cqt-r-H o CO rH -* CO OO O . 'CM^COGO O > I CO 1C CO OOO5OO- i CM CM CO CO GO GO OS Os Os OS OS OS Os O^ O^ Oi Oi O^ O^ Oi O^ O^ O^ O^ O^ OS OS Os OS CO O CO r-H "^ T H 1>* CO os 10 ' GO ^ o cocqooiOT-H GO CO COCOiOiOiO -^^COCOCO CM "*< 1 1 CO T*< CM CM I-H i i : OC GO t- t^ O C* C r* r t- C" t-l>-t-i~t^ t^t^-t-t^t^ t>-t^l>-t^l>- * CM CM l^* GO OS Os O ^1 ^TfM^MCOCO COCOCOCOCO COCOCOCOCO COCOCOCO-^ j O Os O CO ^ i CM i5 ir "^ co CM i ' GO o w OOOO Q CO 00 CM I2i22S 2 c ^ OOOO kfl g SSSSg g? ^^g^g g^SSS 955 CO C3 r- 1 O OS t^ ?O IO "* (M r-H O OS 00 CO lO -* CO - 1 t^i>-t^i^b- b-oooooboo do oo oo ob O5 C5 Oi C5 C5 OS OS -*JH O COCOOSiOtM OO^-OiOr-i r- 1 O O O OS OSOSCOOOOO t^t^CD I>* t^ I> ^O ^O ^O CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO O ?0 *>. f- 00 OS O i I T-t OS O -^IO iH 00 Oi O rH Water required to 1? I i s Weig 00 f I TABLE LXXIID. 6 Compound di eigh ^ 1 "^ CO GO (M lO Oi CO CO OS CO t o' iG OS CO OS GO t- co co co CO CO CO co iO -* co co co co CO CO CO co co co s . -f o" o . +3 fe M CO co i< co CO 00 Tf OS lO i t^ CO OS CO 10 CO O CO CO CO CO CO t- t- GO GO CO CO CO CO OS O co co CO co co co CO co OS co oo co CO 10 O >o -* GO CO OS iO lO ^ CO CO CO CO O OS Oi GO t- t CO CO t- 1 6 JH 5? CO 00 ^ CO CO GO GO GO o OS CO OS <* CO OS Oi GO O Oi O O Oi ^ co 10 oJ CO co -^ CO t- O 1 - GO CO CO 10 co CO CO ^ OS CO lO l^ JO ^f C-l O GO t- lO O IO lO O ^f r-i t I 6 "3 M rH c, CO co * o co 1^ 00 OS O O i i CO 0*5 *P CO CO IN 71 IN 71 (M CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO 5 OS rH GO CO cp co CO 6 CO r i 1 ( j a CO 10 OS Oi 10 10 oo 0: O I 40 et CO I iO 10 CO t- CO OS Oi 7-1 CO 03 1 Oi OS Oi iO OS CO C*l OS OS CO t O"i O^ GO OCOt^r-HO OiCOCO o' r ( O OS Oi OO t l-~ CO 00 O5OSGOGOGO OOOOOO r-( CO CO t . ^ ,_, os co ^ rH rt OS t ^ClO OOlOlO ^ e CO CO 3 CO CO t>- GO OS o o Oi O > i CO CO CO^IO -X 5 -0 I- GO 1C * CO C7. co CO oo 1C CO o' s M e os co CO t-- O lO 1- GO 00 00 as IO 5 o CO CO r- 1 ^^ CO 71 GO 'r: OS o C: co -^ GO >GO o 00 i ^ co Oi r_( ,__, C^l CO co. OB e os os CO CO 6 ^* o * (M CO CO t- - CO 00 00 00 OO OO ^ oo C 1 rHOQ ^^ S 1> 00 3 rHC^CO^fO COi>OO Xr-J rHrHrHrHrH ^HrHrH a3O 1 957 OQ > 'g .2 73 T3 I 1 -0 CO CO Oi O CM OO t- CO CO IO CO iO t^^ -* CO CM CO C? 2 O I ( | CO Oi CO CM 00 IO i i t 3 8 I 00 00 00 CO 00 t^ OO OO 00 00 00 Oi cb 00 -0 CO 00^ 10 CM ^ r - Oi . i CM co co co co co T 1 ^ IO t^ Oi 00 CO CM CM CJD O I ' CO 00 CM 1>- CM t-CMt- 03 8 -^ T^I iO O CO CO l^ t^ Oi OO Oi oo o l>- t co cb CM 0* O 8 cb cb -*0 eS CO CM -0 00 ^ O XO CO i^ co co co a 8 TJH CO CM CM CM CM i CO O CO CM OO CO CO iO JO "^^ o CO Oi O ^ co co Oi Oi Oi Oi O 4* tc 00 CM CO I iO iO 5 S- 8 5^ ^i ^ ^ IQ O CO CO I- O o '"co o \ 1-H O Oi ^ 00 t>~ ^O CO 6 o l-H -t-3 2T PH 8 1 O Oi Oi Oi cb 00 Oi O CM CM CM CO ci IO CO i-O O t^ ^ CM O OO 00 OO OO OO t~ o 10 co b- !> Oi Oi Oi 0* 1 . cp cp op p co o o o o b CM CM O Oi r i o rH TH iH TH TH rH rH rH H rH rH OJ CO ^ O CD !> OO X ' i-HrHTHrHr-l rHi-Hi 1 03C rHrHrHrHrH rH T 1 i-H ^J C/2 958 1 I V i _tc 'S l^COOSOi i t^COOOO lOOlO^OO COOOCOOOCO OOCO COCO- O O O 1 1 rH C<1 CM -00 O i I CO IO to OOO- 'COO 000000 OiOiOiOSOS OTOOOO ** o' O 3 1 CO -^ O CD 1> 00 05 O i-H (M CO ^ O CO ^ 3-075 495 137-16 111-84 1195 0-61 5-635 6-245 ;;5-co 204-94 909 TABLE LXXIlF.- 3. Silver Chloride. (Vogel.) 4. Thailous Chloride. (Xoyes.) C >T'r -c.cms. Gnus. AgCl 1 165 Watr - Dissolved. C.cms. HC1 to dissolve 1 grm. AgCl. Grms. HCi added One part liquid dissolve grms. T1CL 100 0-10 0-056 100 20 018 100 30 0089 100 50 0035 1785 5555 11235 1-571 0-0283 0-0560 0-1468 1 OO1610 00836 00565 00316 00200 5. Strontium Chloride. (Engel.) Gramme Molecules per Litre. Specific r Grammes per Litre. Gravity. ^ SrC HCi. TotaL SrCl* HCI. j 1-334 5-5 5-5 434-61 3045 4-82 0-61 43 380-88 22-18 2695 4-1 1 l-L'7 40 325-96 45-10 220 3-06 2-33 39 241-80 82-51 6. Barium Chloride. (Engel.) Specific Gravity. Gramme Molecules per Litre. Grammes per Litre. * \ BaCU HCI. Total. BaCl,. HCI. 1-250 2-945 2-945 305-69 242 0-11 89 288-56 4-00 2-6075 0-28 8t7- 270-66 10-18 210 2-34 0-50 84 242-89 18-19 143 1-40 1-436 836 145-32 52-23 118 1-02 1-8775 8975 105-98 68-28 099 0-667 2-371 942 69-23 82-74 079 0-274 3-20 3-474 28-44 116-38 08- 0-029 5-05 5-079 3-01 183-67 7. Cobaltous Chloride. Specific Gravity. Gramme Molecules per Litre. Grammes per Litre. iCoClo. HCI. Total. CoCl*. HCI. 1-343 6-24 6-24 405-288 328 5-852: 0-37 6-2225 380-120 13-489 299 506 1-145 6-L 329-946 41-744 248 3-725 6-245 241-939 91- 167 1-285 5-50 6-785 -3-461 j 200-519 150 0-4" 7-41 30-851 524 1-2 10-45 11-65 77-940 i 380-986 323 13-9 16-4 162-375 506-766 970 TABLE LXXIlF. continued. 8. Cupric Chloride. (Engel.) Specific Gravity. Gramme Molecules per Litre. Grammes per Litre. iCuCla. HC1. Total. CuCl 2 . HC1. H 2 0. 1-490 9-175 9-175 614-36 873 475 8-68 0-45 9-13 581-21 16-37 874 458 8-32 0-78 9-1 557-11 28-37 435 7-935 1-05 8-985 531-33 38-19 864 389 6-84 2-025 8-865 458-01 73-62 856 319 5-00 3-75 8-75 334-80 136-39 847 231 2-28 9-305 9-305 152-67 338-42 821 288 2-35 10-25 12-6 157-36 372-79 756 323 2-67 12-8 15-47 178-78 465-54 677 9. Stannous Chloride. (Engel.) Specific Gravity. Gramme Molecules per Litre. Grammes per Litre. } SnCl 2 . HC1. Total. SnCl 2 . HC1. H 2 0. 1-532 7-4 7-4 695-93 833 489 6-67 0-66 7-33 627-28 24-00 835 472 6-375 1-354 7-729 599-54 49-24 819-8 524 6-84 2-48 9-32 643-27 90-20 786-9 625 8-12 3-49 i 11-61 763-65 126-93 730-5 724 9-42 4-00 13-42 885-90 145-48 688-0 883 11-76 4-4 16-16 1105-97 160-03 610-8 2-114 14-76 4-94 19-70 1388-10 179-67 538-7 190 i 15-64 6-6 22-24 1470-86 240-04 471-5 199 15-7 7-8 23-5 1476-51 283-69 430-9 10. Lead Chloride. (Bell.) 100 parts of liquid containing n parts HC1 of Sp. Gr. M162 in 100 parts of water dissolve w parts of PbCL at 177 C. n w n w n w n w 1 0-347 6 0-107 15 0-090 60 0-559 2 201 7 100 20 111 70 0-933 3 165 8 099 30 151 80 1-498 4 145 9 096 40 216 90 2-117 5 131 10 093 50 356 100 2-900 971 TABLE LXXIIP. continued. 11. Solubility in dilute HC1. (Ditte.) Parts HC1 in Amount of PbCl 2 dissolved in 100 parts of liquid at 100 pts. aq. o; 20 40 55 80 o-o 8-0 11-8 17-0 21-0 31-0 5-6 2-8 3-0 4-6 6'5 12-4 10-0 1-2 1-4 3'2 5-5 12-0 18-0 2'4 4-8 7-2 9-8 19-8 21-9 4-7 6'2 10-4 12-9 23-8 31-5 11-9 14-1 19'0 24-0 38-0 46-0 29-8 30-0 12. AtOC. (Engel.) Gramme Molecules per Litre. Grammes per Litre. Gramme Molecules per Litre. Grammes per Litre. i PbClo. HC1. PbCl 2 . HC1. \ PbCl 2 . HC1. PbCl 2 . HC1. 0-042 5-82 0-0072 0-58 i-oo 21-09 022 0-035 3-05 1-27 0088 1-17 1-22 42-55 0135 0675 1-87 2-45 0100 2-95 1-39 107-29 Oil 1125 1-52 4-09 0209 4-67 2-90 169-86 0105 16 1-45 5-82 095 7-35 13-16 267-32 0099 23 1-37 8-37 15 8-90 20-78 323-69 0090 34 1-25 12-37 19 9-60 26-33 349-15 0080 45 1-11 16-37 301 11-15 41-71 405-53 13. Mercuric Chloride. (Ditte.) Parts HC1 in 100 parts aq. Parts HgCl 2 dissolved in 100 parts liquid. Parts HC1 in 100 parts aq. Parts HgCl 2 dissolved in 100 parts liquid. o-o 6-8 21-6 127-4 5-6 46-8 31-0 141-9 10-1 73-7 50-0 148-0 13-8 87-8 68-0 154-0 972 TABLE LXXIIr. continued. 14. At C. (Engel.) Gramme Molecules per Litre. Grammes per Litre. Sp. Gr. I HgCl 2 . HC1. Total. HgCl 2 . HC1. H 2 0. 1-117 0-97 0-43 1-40 132-18 15-64 970-4 1-238 1-98 0-99 2-97 269-81 36-01 934-0 1-427 3-55 1-78 5-33 473-76 64-74 891-6 1-665 5-56 2-69 8-25 757-66 97-11 813-5 1-811 6-89 3-225 10-115 938-90 117-29 771-4 1-874 7-237 3-425 10-662 986-19 124-57 767-9 2-023 8-55 4-15 12-70 1165-11 150-94 713-1 2-066 8-865 4-81 13-675 1208-03 174-94 689-3 2-198 9-5675 7-0875 16-655 1303-76 257-77 643-1 15. Calcium Sulphate. (Lunge.) tC. Percentage of HC1. Grammes of CaS0 4 dissolved by 1 Litre. fC. Percentage of HC1. Grammes of CaS0 4 dissolved by 1 Litre. 25 0-77 6-405 25 6-12 16-539 25 1-56 8-821 101 0-77 11-209 25 3-06 12-639 102 3-06 31-780 25 4-70 15-342 103 6-12 46-902 16. Lead Sulphate. (Rodwell.) Sp. Gr. of Percentage of 1 Part PbS0 4 HCl + aq. HC1 in HCl + aq. dissolves in n parts of HC1 + aq. 1-0159 10-602 681-89 0800 16-310 281-73 1070 22-010 105-65 1359 27-525 47-30 1570 31-602 35-03 17. Calcium Phosphate. (Bischof.) 100 parts HC1 of Sp. Gr. 1-153, when diluted with n parts of water, dissolve w parts of CaP0 at 17 C. n. w. 25-3 1 45-0 4 62-3 7 64-7 10 68-0 13 71-9 16 69-7 19 69-5 973 TABLE LXXIlF. continued. In HN0 3 + aqua. 18. Sodium Nitrate. (Engel.) Gramme Molecules per Litre. Grammes per Litre. NaN0 3 . HN0 3 . Total. NaN0 3 . HN0 3 . 6-64 6-64 563-64 6-37 0-265 6-635 540-72 16-67 6-05 0-57 6-62 513-55 35-85 5-69 0-88 6-57 483-00 55-34 5-275 1-257 6-532 447-77 79-05 4-87 1-69 6-56 413-39 106-28 3-95 2-7 6-65 335-30 169-80 3'51 3-225 6-735 297-95 202-82 3-11 3725 6-835 263-99 234-27 2'35 4-8 7-15 199-48 301-87 1-8 5-73 7-53 152-79 360-36 1-29 7-1 8-39 109-50 446-52 19. Potassium Nitrate. (Engel.) Gramme Molecules per Litre. Grammes per Litre. KN0 3 . HN0 3 . Total. KN0 3 . HN0 3 . 1-25 1-25 126-15 0-99 0-585 1-575 99-91 36-79 0-828 1-32 2-148 83-56 83-01 0-74 2-155 2-895 74-68 135-53 0-74 3-11 3-85 74-68 195-59 0-76 4-8 5-56 76-70 301-87 1-03 6-8 7-83 103-95 427-65 2-83 12-05 14-88 285-60 757-82 20. Lead Sulphate. (Rod well.) Sp. Gr. of HN0 3 4aq. Percentage of HN0 3 in HN0 3 + aq. 1 part PbS0 4 dissolves in n parts of HN0 3 + aq. 1-079 11-55 303-10 123 17-50 173-75 250 34-00 127-48 420 60-00 10282-78 974 TABLE LXXIlF. continued. 21. Calcium Phosphate. (Bischof.) If 1 part of HN0 3 (Sp. Gr. 1'23) be diluted with n parts of water, then 1 part of Ca 3 P 2 8 will dissolve in p parts of such solution at 16 '25 to 17 '5 C. n. P- , P- n. p. 2-72 8-273 20-34 13-236 32-14 0-827 4-23 10 82 15-718 36-06 3-309 10-25 10-754 64 40 127-81 5-791 15-45 13 26-48 22. Rudorff found that the following pairs of salts gave, at the temperatures stated, saturated solutions of constant composition. Composition of Pair. tC. Saturated Solution contains, per 100 parts aqua, 100 parts of water at t dissolve of Authority. a b a b a alone b alone NH 4 Cl4-NaCl 18 -7 22-9 + 23-9 22-0 36-4 Rudorff + KC1 22 30-4 + 19-1 38-0 35-3 5 + BaCl 2 + NH 4 N0 3 + (NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 20 19-5 21 -5 33-8 + 11-6 29-1 + 173-8 26-8 + 46-5 37-2 37-0 35-7 183-0 1 J J + K 2 S0 4 14 -1 36-8 + 14-1 NaCl + KCl 18 -8 29-9 + 15-7 36-0 34-3 + CuCl 2 + NaN0 3 15 20 16-0 + 72-6 24-6 + 56-8 ' ' KC1 + KI 21 -5 10-4 + 133-2 35-2 146-2 + KN0 3 20 35-2 + 19-1 NH 4 N0 8 +NaN0 3 16 162-9 + 77-1 106-0 84-7 KN0 3 + Pb(N0 3 ) 2 21 -2 67-1 + 119-6 32-6 53-3 Na 2 SO 4 + CuS0 4 15 15-9 + 20-7 13-4 20-5 23. The following results have been obtained by other investigators : Composition of Pair. tC. Saturated Solution contains, per 100 parts aqua, 100 parts of water at t dissolve of Authority a b a b a alone b alone NH 4 Cl + NaCl 10 19-50 + 30-00 33-0 35-8 Mulder 13 18-8 + 24-6 v. Hauer 16 20-3 + 26-1 18 -75 22-06 + 26-38 37-02 Karsten B.P. 78-5 + 22-3 87-3 40-4 Mulder + KC1 15 28-90 + 16-97 Rudorff 18 -75 29-83 + 16-27 37-02 34-4 Karsten B.P. 67-7 + 21-9 87-3 58-5 Mulder 975 TABLE LXXIlF. 23 continued. Composition of Pair. tC. Saturated Solution contains, per 100 parts aqua, 100 parts of water at t dissolve of Authority. a b a b a alone b alone NH 4 C1 + KJS T O 3 18-5 (a) 44-33 + 30-56 36-7 29-9 1 (b) 37-98 + 37-68 (c) 39-84 + 38-62 i- Various (d) 38-8 + 34-2 j + Ba(N0 3 ) 2 18 -5 (e) 38-6 + 8-6 36-7 8-9 Karsten (/) 38-06 + 16-73 5) (q) 39-18 + 17-02 r> + K 2 S0 4 18 -75 (h) 38-2 + 11-1 36-7 10-8 ?5 (i) 37-94 + 13-26 55 (j) 37-92 + 13-28 55 (k)( 90-4 } ( 33-3 1 B.P. \ to l+J to 1 87-3 26-75 Mulder 1 111-8 ) I 33-9 J + Na 2 S0 4 10-11 (/) 28-9 + 24-7 5) (m) 31-8 + 9-0 J? NaCl + KC1 15-6 30-65 + 13-92 Page & Keightley 2Q 30-54 + 13-99 Nicol 10 29-7 + 12-5 Precht&Wittgen 20 29-2 + 14-7 55 30 28-7 + 17-2 ?) 40 28-2 + 19-5 5J 50 27-7 + 22-0 >5 60 27-2 + 24-6 ?) 70 26-8 + 27-3 5) 80 26-4 + 30-0 55 90 26-1 + 32-9 55 100 25-8 + 34-7 JJ + BaCl 2 17 4-1 + 34-5 35-9 35-0 Kopp B.P. 35-3 + 19-4 40-4 60-3 Mulder 10 33-9 + 4-1 Precht&Wittgen 20 33-8 + 4-1 55 30 33-7 + 5-0 JJ 40 33-6 + 6-3 J5 50 33-5 + 7-9 }) 60 33-5 + 9-7 )) 70 33-6 + 11-7 55 80 33-6 + 13-9 5) 90 33-6 + 15-9 5) 100 33-6 + 17-9 55 + NaN0 3 20 54-55 + 24-91 Nicol . 18 -75 (n) 25-22 + 52-89 36-0 86-6 Karsten (o) 24-96 + 52-84 j (p) 24-98 + 52-82 D 20 (> 30 7'6 J5 40 8-8 J) 50 10-0 5) 60 11-2 70 12-4 )) 80 13-6 )J 90 14-7 >> 100 159 J) 10 9-9 + (15%) )) 20 11-3 30 12-7 J) 40 14-2 )) 50 15-6 5> 60 17-0 J) 70 18-3 )> 80 19-5 ) 90 20-8 5) 100 22-1 10 14-3 + (11%) 5) 20 15-9 5> 30 17-5 40 19-0 50 20-5 J> 60 21-9 J) 70 23-2 )> 80 24-5 90 25-8 JJ 100 27-1 5J + SrCl 2 14 -5 11-2 + 48-5 33-2 50'7 Mulder + KNO 3 12 -9 28-5 + 18-8 Kopp 15 -3 29-8 + 18-9 20 31-52 + 19-1 Riidorff 20 32-84 + 18-95 Nicol 978 TABLE LXXIlF. 23 continued. Composition of Pair. Saturated Solution contains, per 100 parts aqua, 100 parts of water at t dissolve of fC. Authority. a b a b a alone b alone. KC1 + K 2 SO 4 18-75 (x) 32-96 + 1-79 34-5 10-8 Karsten (y) 33-12 + 1-75 ; ?j (z) 33-12 + 1-83 14 -8 28-2 4- 2-0 33-5 10-3 Kopp 15 -8 27-9 + 2-3 33-6 10-4 16-1 27-1 + 3-3 33-6 10-4 10 20 30-9 4- 1-32 33-4 + 1-43 Precht&Wittgen 30 36-1 4- 1-57 40 38-7 + 1-69 50 41-3 + 1-82 60 43-8 + 1-94 70 46-5 + 2-06 80 49-2 + 2-21 90 52-0 4- 2-38 100 54-5 + 2-53 TH 4 NO 3 + KN0 3 11 (flj) 88-8 + 40-6 143 26 Mulder 15 (fcj) 130-4 + 46-2 161 + Ba(N0 3 ) 2 9 101-3 + 6-2 143 6-8 NaN0 3 + KNO, O O 15 -6 91-16 + 34-53 Page & Keightley 18 -75 (ft) 89-53 + 29-45 Karsten (\ 88-6 + 3-6 (9i) 28-8 + 5-4 86-6 87-7 29-7 8-9 9-2 8-9 Karsten Kopp Mulder (hj 13-31 + 6-91 Karsten ft) 29-03 + 1-00 21 -5 23 Oi) 33-1 + 5-7 (kj 36'3 + 3-5 55 Kopp Na 2 SO 4 + CuSO 4 ft) 4-53 + 55 Diacon (Wj) 5-34 + 6-01 K) 5-73 + 9-81 " (0J 6-48 + 16-67 55 (Pi) 3-55 4- 15-84 (?i) 1-98 + 15-33 55 MgS0 4 + CuS0 4 fri) + H-99 ft) 26-37 + 55 55 ft) 25-91 + 2-64 55 K) 25-30 + 4-75 5J (ft) 23-54 4- 9-01 55 (fft) 15-67 4- 12-03 55 Oft) 8-64 4- 13-61 55 (y\) o + 14-99 55 55 979 TABLE LXXIlF. 23. continued. NOTES. (a) Saturated KN0 3 + aq. treated with NH 4 C1. (b) Saturated NH 4 C1 + aq. treated with KN"0 3 . (c) Simultaneous treatment of NH 4 C1 and KN0 3 . (d) By warming solution containing excess of both salts, and cooling to 14 '8 C. (e) Saturated Ba(N0 3 ) 2 + aq. treated with NH 4 C1. (/) Saturated NH 4 C1 + aq. treated with Ba(N0 3 ) 2 . (g) Simultaneous treatment of NH 4 C1 and Ba(N0 3 ) 2 . (h) Saturated K 2 S0 4 + aq. treated with NH 4 C1. (i) Saturated NH 4 C1 + aq. treated with K 2 S0 4 . (j) Simultaneous treatment of NH 4 C1 and K 2 S0 4 . (k) Weights dissolved in 100 parts of water. (1) 100 parts water saturated with NH 4 C1 at 10, and then with Na 2 S0 4 at 11 C. (m) 100 parts water saturated with Na 2 S0 4 at 10, and then with NH 4 C1 at 11 C. (n) Saturated NaCl + aq. treated with NaN0 3 . (o) Saturated N"aN0 3 + aq. treated with Nad. (p) Simultaneous treatment of NaCl and NaN0 3 . (q) By warming solution containing excess of both salts, and cooling to 20 C. (r) Saturated NaCl + aq. treated with KN0 3 . (s) Saturated KN0 3 + aq. treated with Nad. (t) Simultaneous treatment of NaOl and KN0 3 . (u) Solubility of anhydrous Na 2 C0 3 in 100 parts NaCl + aq. containing % NaCl. (v) Amounts dissolved in 100 parts of water when Na 2 C0 3 + 10H 2 is in excess. (w) By warming solution containing excess of both salts, and cooling to 14 C. (x) Saturated KC1 -f aq. treated with K 2 S0 4 . (y) Simultaneous treatment of KC1 and K 2 S0 4 . (*) Saturated K 2 S0 4 + aq. treated with KC1. K) 100 parts water saturated at 11 with NH 4 N0 3 , then at 9 with KN0 3 . (bj 100 parts water saturated at 11 with NH 4 N0 3 , then at 15 with KN0 3 . (cj) Saturated KN0 3 + aq. treated with NaN0 3 . (dj Saturated NaN0 3 + aq. treated with KN0 3 . (i) ) (/i) > Weights dissolved in 100 parts water. Saturated KN0 3 + aq. treated with Ba(N0 3 ) 2 . Saturated Ba(N0 3 ) 2 + aq. treated with KN0 3 . Simultaneous treatment of KN0 3 and Ba(N0 3 ) 2 . (mj V-N"aoS0 4 in excess, and given amount of CuS0 4 added. (%) J (o 1 ) Both in excess. (Pil) (qj |-CuS0 4 in excess, and Na 2 S0 4 added. ( s i) ) (< x ) >-MgS0 4 in excess, and given amount of CuS0 4 added. ( w i) ^ (v-i) Both in excess. (wj \ (ajj) VCuS0 4 in excess, and MgS0 4 added. (yj J 980 TABLE LXXIlF. continued. 24. For the three salts, NaCl + KC1 + K 2 S0 4 , Precht and Wittgen obtained the following results : 100 parts of water at t C. dissolve ro. Parts NaCl. Parts KC1. Parts K 2 S0 4 . 10 33-43 3-18 8-10 20 34-01 3-06 8-90 30 34-56 2-95 9-56 40 35-16 2-81 10-38 50 35-77 2-84 11-07 60 36-40 2-72 11-93 70 36-64 3-20 12-82 80 36-04 5-06 12-26 90 35-86 6-98 12-42 100 35-63 8-79 12-56 25. Solubility of KCl + NaCl in 20% aqueous Solution of MgCl 2 . (Precht and Wittgen.) rd Percentage of NaCl. Percentage of KC1. 10 57 4-2 20 5-8 5-1 30 5-9 6-0 40 6-0 6-9 50 6-1 7-9 60 6-3 8-9 70 6-4 9-9 80 6-6 10-9 90 6-7 11-9 100 6-9 13-0 981 TABLE LXXIlF. continued. 26. Solubility of Mixtures of NaN0 3 and KN0 3 . (Carnelley and Thomson.) Percentage NaNOy in Mixture before Solution. Weight of Mixture dissolved in 100 parts Water at 20 C. Parts N"aN0 3 dissolved. Parts KN0 3 dissolved. Percentage NaN"0 3 in Residue after evaporating Solu- tion to Dryness. 100 86-8 86-8 100 90 109-6 96-4 13-2 88 80 136-5 98'0 38-5 71-8 70 136-3 60 137-6 90-0 47-6 65-4 50 106-1 66-0 40-1 62-2 45-7 88-0 53-3 34-7 60-6 40 81-1 45-6 35-6 56-2 30 73-5 20 54-1 20-8 33-3 38-5 10 40-9 9-4 31-5 22-9 33-6 33-6 27. Specific Gravity and Concentration of Ammoniacal Solutions of NH 4 C1. (Engel.) Gramme Molecules per Litre. Grammes per Litre. Specific Gravity. NH 4 G1. NH 3 . NH 4 C1. NH 3 . 1-076 4-6125 246-22 067 58 0-537 244-48 9-13 054 55 1-2025 242-88 20-45 044 5125 2-34 240-88 39-80 031 45 3-8 237-54 64-64 025 40 4-7 234-87 79-95 017 3625 5-45 232-87 92-70 0-993 3125 8-00 230-20 136-08 992 40 9-00 234-87 153-09 983 4375 9-55 236-87 162-45 954 975 13-0 265-57 221-13 931 6-0 16-975 320-28 288-59 VOL. II. 3R 982 TABLE LXXIlF. continued. 28. Solubility of NaCl with the addition of NaN0 3 at 15'5 C. (Bodlander.) Specific Gravity. One Litre contains in Grammes Nid. NaN0 3 . H 2 0. 1-2025 317-8 o-o 884-7 2305 278-9 75-3 876-3 2580 263-1 132-4 862-5 2810 239-8 215-8 826-6 3090 223-0 281-8 804-2 3345 204-0 338-0 792-5 3465 194-0 378-8 773-7 3465 196-7 376-4 773-4 In the last two cases NaN0 3 separated out. 29. Solubility of NaNCX with the addition of NaCl at 15 C. (Bodlander.) Specific Gravity One Litre contains in Grammes NaN0 3 . NaCl. H 2 0. 1-3720 623-8 748-2 3645 565-6 40 756-9 3585 520-9 72-4 757-1 3530 470-8 113-6 768-6 3495 426-6 153-3 769-6 3485 399-0 178-1 771-4 3485 387-3 189-7 771-5 3485 380-2 193-4 774-9 In the last two instances NaCl separated out. 983 TABLE LXXIlF. continued. 30. Solubility of NaCl in NaOH. (Engel.) Specific Gravity. Gramme Molecules per Litre. Grammes per Litre. NaCl. . Na 2 0. Total. Nad. Na 2 0. 1-207 5-47 5-47 319-26 221 4-9375 0-48 4175 288-18 29-74 225 4-7212 0-6725 3937 275-55 41-66 236 4-2375 1-0406 2781 247-32 64-46 249 3-955 1-478 433 230-83 91-56 295 2-495 3-05 545 145-62 188-75 314 1-93 3-7875 7175 112-64 234-63 362 0-9408 5-325 6-266 5.4-91 329-88 31. Solubility of KCl with addition of KNO 3 at 17 '5. (Bodlander.) Specific Gravity. One Litre of Solution contains Grammes of KCl. KN0 3 . H 2 0. 1-1730 293-9 878-5 1980 275-0 65-8 856-8 2100 273-4 88-3 847-6 2250 265-3 124-8 835-8 2360 259-8 148-3 828-4 2390 259-6 152-2 826-5 2388 259-5 154-9 824-3 2410 262-4 153-3 826-3 In the last four instances KN0 3 separated out. 984 TABLE LXXIlF. continued. 32. Solubility of KNO, with addition of KC1 at 20'5 C. (Bodlander.) Specific Gravity. One Litre of the Solutions contains Grins, of KN0 3 . KC1. H 2 0. 1-1625 276-8 885-1 1700 243-9 47-2 878-9 1765 224-4 77-4 874-7 1895 202-3 122-3 864-8 1983 189-6 | 151-5 856-9 2150 176-7 196-1 842-3 2265 171-1 221-7 834-0 2400 167-9 249-6 822-4 33. Solubility of KC1 in KOH + aq. at C. (Engel.) Specific Gravity. Gramme Molecules per Litre. Grammes per Litre. KC1. KjO. Total. KC1. K 2 0. 1-139 3-45 3-45 256-68 146 3-1 0-2375 3375 230-64 22-33 153 2-83 0-47 3 210-55 44-19 172 2-3 0-99 29 171-12 93-08 195 1-8375 1-506 3435 136-71 141-59 216 1-4425 2-0 4425 107-32 188-04 239 1-1425 2-4625 6050 85-00 231-52 261 0-8975 2-925 8225 66-77 275-00 294 0-6275 3-5125 4-14 46-69 330-24 34. Solubility of NaN0 3 in XaOH + aq. at C. (Engel.) Specific Gramme Molecules per Litre. Grammes per Litre. Gravity. NaN0 3 . Na 2 0. Total. NaN0 3 . Na 2 0. 1-341 6-64 6-64 563-64 338 6-25 0-2875 6-5375 530-53 17-82 333 5-715 0-61 6-325 485-12 37-79 327 4-75 1-275 6-025 403-20 78-99 326 2'95 2-6 5-55 250-41 161-07 332 1-75 3-9 5-65 148-55 241-61 356 1-319 4-5875 5-9065 111-96 284-19 401 0-605 6-0875 6-6925 51-36 377-12 35. Solubility of K 2 S0 4 in NH 4 OH + aq. (Girard.) Grammes in 1 Litre Water. Grammes in 1 Litre Water. NH 3 . K 2 S0 4 . NH 3 . K 2 S0 4 . 108-04 246-9 1-40 60-8 41-00 310-2 0-42 153-7 8-28 985 TABLE LXXlIo. Preparation of Solutions of known Strengths. Percentage of Sub- stance in Solution. ! Weight of Substance to be added to 100 parts of Water. Percentage of Sub- stance in Solution. Weight of Substance to be added to 100 parts of Water. Percentage of Sub- stance in Solution. Weight of Substance to be added to 100 parts of Water. Percentage of Sub- stance in Solution. Weight of Substance to be added to 100 parts of Water. 1 1-0101 99 26 35-1351 74 51 104-0816 49 76 316-6667 24 2 2-0408 98 27 36-9863 73 52 108-3333 48 77 334-7826 23 3 3-0928 97 28 38-8889 72 53 112-7660 47 78 354-5455 22 4 4-1667 96 29 40-8451 71 54 117-3913 46 79 376-1905 21 5 5-2632 95 30 42-8571 70 55 121-1111 45 80 400-0000 20 6 6-3830 94 31 , 44*9275 69 56 127-2727 44 81 426-3158 19 7 7-5269 93 32 47-0588 68 57 132-5581 43 82 455-5556 18 8 8-6957 92 33 49-2537 67 58 138-0952 42 83 488-2353 17 9 9-8901 91 34 51-5152 66 59 143-9024 41 84 525-0000 16 10 11-1111 90 35 53-8462 65 60 150-0000 40 85 566-6667 15 11 12-3596 89 36 56-2500 64 61 156-4103 39 86 614-2857 14 12 13-6364 88 37 58-7302 63 62 163-1579 38 87 670-8615 13 13 14-9425 87 38 61-2903 62 63 169-2703 37 88 733-3333 12 14 16-2791 86 39 63-9344 61 64 177-7778 36 89 809-0909 11 15 17-6471 85 40 66-6667 60 65 185-7143 35 90 900-0000 10 16 19-0476 84 41 69-4915 59 66 194-1176 34 91 1011-1111 9 17 20-4819 83 42 72-4138 58 67 203-0303 33 92 1150-0000 8 18 21-9512 82 43 75-4386 57 68 212-5000 32 93 1328-5714 7 19 23-4568 81 44 78-5714 56 69 222-5806 31 94 1566-6667 6 20 25-0000 80 45 81-8182 55 70 233-3333 30 95 1900-0000 5 21 26-5823 79 46 85-1852 54 71 244-8276 29 96 2400-0000 4 22 28-2051 78 47 88-6792 ! 53 72 257-1429 28 97 3233-3333 3 23 29-8701 77 48 92-3077 52 73 270-3704 ! 27 98 4900-0000 2 24 31-5789 76 49 96-0784 51 74 284-6154 26 99 9900-0000 1 25 33-3333 75 50 100-0000 50 75 300-0000 25 ' ,g e *' Weight of or+3 Weight of 2? Weight of 2'- i Weight of 2? Water to be *4 Water to be "o Water to be 'o Water to be 'o added to 100 parts of Substance. fa 11 added to 100 parts of Substance. la II added to 100 parts of Substance. jj added to 100 parts of Substance. far 1 I 5 N 986 The use of the preceding table is self-evident. Thus, if it is required to make a solution containing 52 per cent, of any soluble substance by looking for 52 in the first column, we find from the second column that we must add 108'3333 grammes of the substance to 100 grammes of water; or, by looking for 52 in the third column, we find from column 2 that we should have to add 92-3077 grammes of water to 100 grammes of the substance. If P = percentage of substance in the stronger of two solutions, &udp= weaker .-. weight of water that must be added to 1 unit weight of the stronger to produce the weaker = - 1 ; and weight of substance which must be added to 1 unit weight of P the weaker to bring it up to the higher strength = - _ ^ - 1. For example, a solution of sulphuric acid of 55 degrees Baume contains 70 per cent, of H 2 S0 4 , how much water must be added to every gramme of such solution to reduce it to 31 degrees Baum^ contained in 36 per cent. H 2 S0 4 1 Here - - 1 = - 1 = 0'94 gramme. p 36 In 1 gramme of 70 per cent, solution we have *7 gramme of H. 2 S0 4 , /. Percentage of H,S0 4 in diluted solution = ' 7 X iP = 36. As there is, in nearly every instance, a change in the total volume when two liquids of different densities or constitutions are mixed together, no simple formula can be given for diluting or fortifying volumetrically a solution of any given density to produce another of a required density : where the percentage of substance held in solution in each case is known, as well as the densities, then the calculation can be easily made. If P, D, and V represent respectively the percentage contents, density, and volume of a comparatively strong solution ; p, d, and v, the corresponding values for a weaker one ; and p, d, and v, those obtained by mixing V c.cms. of the first and /; c.cms. of the second. Then, if v= 1, we get V = f ~^) ; or v = l litre .-. V= 1000: ~P) c . cms . And if V = l /. p = - ; or V = l litre/. ^=1000 _- (2> d(V~P) d(p-p) And, finally, if v = 1 .-. V= * ?~P ; and v=**=l P ; JJ P - p d P - p or v=l litre .-. V=1000.^.|^ c.cms., and v= 10QO ; J. F ~_ p c.cms. . . (3) Should p become 0, i.e. if the second liquid be water (d=l), then equation (1) becomes 987 (2) becomes , = ; andfor V=l litre, t, and (3) for v = 1 litre gives V = iOOO. c.cms ;., and ?;=10QO. d ( P ~ p ) c.cms. (5) (6) For example, if we required to know in what proportions solutions of sulphuric acid of density =1'4, percentage H 2 S0 4 = 50'11, and density = 1*1, percentage of H 2 S0 4 =14'35, respectively, must be mixed to make up a litre of density T3 and percentage H 2 S0 4 = 39*19, we get by equation (3) i-* 39-19 -14-35 a . ( = 645*006 c.cms. 1-4 50-11 -14-35 1-350-11-39-19 M'50-ll- 14-35 = 360-891 c.cms. Weight of H 2 S0 4 in Y= 645'006 x 1-4 x 0-5011 = 452-498 grms. v = 360-891 x MX 0-1435= 56-967 Total =509-465 grms. Weight of H 2 SO 4 in 1 litre of 1'3 density- 1000 x 1'3 x 0'3919 = 509'467 If we desired to find the weights (W and w) of the strong and weak solutions which must be put together to make up 1 litre of the medium, we get W=1000d grrns. P-p and w = lOOOd. ^ grms. (7) and when p = 0, (7) becomes W=1000d| (8) The volume and density of a mixture of solutions can only be ascertained by experiment or by reference to tables giving the results of actual trials. TABLE LXXIlH. Relations of Solubility to Pressure, Temperature, etc. Sorby, investigating the influence of pressure on solubility, obtained the following results : Substance. a b d Ammonium chloride, LO 164 -1-045 - 0-638 Sodium chloride, .... 13-57 97 + 0-407 1 +0-419 Copper sulphate, .... 4-83 60 1-91 3-183 Potassium ferricyanide, 2-51 86 0-288 0-395 Potassium sulphate, .... 31-21 63 1-84 2-914 Potassium ferrocyanide, . 8-90 66 1-64 2-845 988 TABLE LXX HH. continued. a = Increase of volume of salt in crystallising out of saturated solution, expressed in percentages of the solid salt. b = Pressure in atmospheres. c = Percentage increase of solubility under pressures given in b (originally dissolved salt =100). d = Corresponding increments under pressure of 100 atmospheres. From these he deduces the expression : where m is a function of the mechanical equivalent of the force of crystallisation. K. Mb'ller obtained the following values for the amount of salt dissolved in 100 parts of water under various pressures and at various temperatures : (1) Sodium Chloride. p in atmos. t = 9 15 20 25 30 1 35-59 35-72 35-70 35-78 35-81 36-01 20 35-79 35-84 35-84 35-82 35-99 36-10 40 35-95 35-87 (la) Sodium Sulphate. P t=o 15 1 4-60 12-76 20 4-74 11-88 30 11-77 40 11-53 (lb) Potassium Sulphate. P *=o 15-5 16 '2 1 7-31 10-19 10-32 20 7-68 10-43 10-54 30 7-69 989 TABLE LXXIIn. (2). The expressions for the relations between solubility and temperature are practically all empirical. In the following, S< = weight of substance dissolved in 100 grammes of water at temperature t : Substance. Range of Temp. s, Authority. NH 4 C1, .... to 100 297 + 0-35$ + 0-00 125$- 100-116 297 + 0-3218$ + 0'001542$' 2 LiCl, 0-65 63-7 + 0-949$ -0'005$ 2 NaCl, -100 3.V5 + 0-0253$ + 0'0 4 8$ 2 + 0'0 5 106$ 3 above 20 0- 10 34-359 + 0-0527$ Coppet. Mendelejeff. ! -100 35-63 + 0-007889($-4) + 0-0 3 3113($-4)- Andreae. KC1 -11 - 92 28*51 + 0-2837$ Coppet. -90-110 25 79 + "22863$ + 0'0. 3 416$ 2 0-100 28-5 + 0-29$ Gerardin. CaClg, 0-40 48 '6 + $ + 0-01 3$ 2 41- 59 70 + $ 60 -100 66 + l-35$--0'005$ 2 SrCi 2 , -120 44'2 + 0"3914$ + 0'00186$ 2 ' BaCf 2 , 0-105 30-62 -r 0-2711$ Gay-Lussac. 0-40 30 '9 + "235$ + *0 3 25$ 2 41 - 80 30 "9 + "2213$ + "0 3 6$' 2 81 -105 30*9 _f_ Q'2'j78$ + 0'0o5125$ 2 CuCl 2 , 41-4 + 0-105$ Reicher and Deventer. K 2 PtCl 6 , Cs 2 PtCl e , .... -100 0-100 0-024 + -00259$ + 3 '0 5 94$ 2 NH 4 Hr, .... 0-100 57'92 + 0-855$-0-0025$ 2 LiBr, 0-82 143 + 1 -79$ -0'0068$ 2 NaBr, above 44 110'34 + 0'1075$ - 25- 79-5 + 0-4$ 0-100 79 -5 -j. 0*41 4$ + 0'00632$' 2 KBr, 0-110 54-43 + 0-5128$ Coppet. KI, -23-114 126-23 + 0-8088$ ,, 0-117 128 + 0-818$ NH 4 N<> 3 , .... NaN0 3 , .... 0-70 0-100 0-68 97 + 3-9869$ + 0-01976$-' + 0-0 ;} 155$ 3 Mendelejefi'. KNOo, 0-100 13*3 + 0*607$ + 0'0173$ 2 0-100 13*3 + 0'574$ + 0*01717$ 2 + 0'0 5 36$ 2 it A "NO. -100 122 + 7$ SrCNO,)* '.'.'.'. -31"3 39-5 + l-503$ + 0-003$' 2 31-3-100 87*43 + 0'07$ + 0'0 3 6$ 2 Ba(N0 3 ) 2 , .... 0-102 5 + 0-186$ + 0*00112$- Pb(N0 3 ) 2 - 23 36-5 + 0-79$ 24- 44 36-5 + 0-83$ 45 -105 36-5 + 0-908$ (NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 , .... 0-109 76 '4 + 0*2303$ + 0'0 3 96Y 2 Li 2 S0 4 , 0-100 35-34-0*045$-0*0 3 37$ 2 K SO 0-50 8-5 + 0-102$ + 0-0 3 88$ 2 50 - 90 15'8 + 0-2($-50) 0-101 8-36 + 01741$ Gay-Lussac. MgS0 4) -108 26-9 + 0-469$ 990 TABLE LXXIIn. (2) continued. Substance. Range of Temp. S Authority. MnS0 4 , .... 0- 40 55-4 + 0-5*752 + 0'0 2 18752' - 0'0 3 1752' + 0'0 5 1252 4 40 - 54 73-1+0-158(2-40) 64- 83 61 "5 constant FeS0 4 , 0-63-5 7 -9 -1- o '81272 + 0'0014362 2 CoS0 4 , 0-106 24'48 + 0"482 + 0"0012 2 NiS0 4 0-108 29-24 + 0-4682 + 0'0 3 7652 2 CuS0 4 0-104 16 + 0'1252 + 0'00452 2 ZnS0 4 0-39 44 + 0-62 + 0-00262- NaHCOg, .... 0-60 6-90 + 0-12162 + 0'0 3 62 2 KHC0 3) .... 0-70 19-60 + 0-362 KC10 3 , 0-35 3-2 + 0-1092 + 0-00432 2 Blarez. K 2 Cr0 4 , .... 0-100 58-90 + 0-2022 (NH 4 ) 2 C 2 4 , .... 20 -100 6-616 - 0-101552 + 0-0037872 2 Claessen. H S B0 3 , 0-100 1-94 + -0636362 + 0-00166082 2 -0"0 5 16042 3 Ditte. C 4 H 6 4 (Succinic acid), . Ca(HCOO)o, .... -5-75 -5 0- 80 16-29784 + 0-03229(2 - 0'8) - 0'0 3 1254(2 - 0'8) 2 Miczynski. Krasnicki. Ba(HCOO); 1- 76 277744 + 0-0236743(2 - 1) + 0'0 2 63622(2 - I) 2 55 -0'0 4 60122(2-1) 3 Ag.CH 3 COO, 0-76 0-6964 + -01202* + 0'0 3 1332 2 Ca(CH 3 COO) 2 , . 1 - 80 37 -8512 + 0-2575(2 -1) + 0-0 2 58845(2- I) 2 -0'0 4 475576(2-1) 3 Ba(CH 3 COO) 2 , A-.C 2 H 5 COO, 0-80 0-79 58 -473 + 0-65067(2 - '8) - -0 2 5431 (t - 0'8) 2 0-5238 + 0-0171938(2 - 07) - 0'0 4 7646(2 - 07) 2 >5 Raupenstrauch. Ca(C 2 H 5 COO) 2 , . . 0-79 41 -2986 + 0-11196(2 - 0'2) + 0'0 4 85065(2 - 0'2) 2 Krasnicki. + 0'0 5 117907(2--0-2) 3 Bn(C 2 H 5 COO) 2 , . AgC 3 H 7 COO (?i), . 0-80 0-66 48-2071 + 0-371205(2 - 0'6) - 0'0 2 15587(2 - 0'6) 2 0-366 + 0'0 2 51572(2- 0-6) + 0-0 4 498771(2-0'6) 2 55 Raupenstrauch. AgC 3 H 7 COO (i), . . . . 0-78 O'8008 + O -0 2 757805(2 - '6) + '0 4 20289(2 -- '6) 2 5 J + 0'0 6 734379(2 -0'6) a Ca(C s H 7 COO) 2 (0,. 1 - 80 20 -383 + 0-080609(2 - 1) + 0'0 3 65217(2 - I) 2 Setllitzky. AgC 4 H 8 COO (n), . 0-2294 + 0-002668(2 - 0'3) + 0'0 4 7543(2 - 0'3) 2 5 5 Ag(CH 3 ) 2 CHCH 2 COO, . AgCH 3 CH 2 CH(CH 3 )COO, . 0-80 1 - 80 -1774 + 0-003349(2-0 -2) + 0-0 5 6528(2-0-2)' 2 1 -1116 -0'0 3 2978(2-1) + -032105(2 -I) 2 5 5 |5 Ag(CH 3 ) 3 C.COO, . Ca(C 4 H 9 COO) 2 (n), Ca{(CH 3 ) 2 CHCH 2 COO} 2 , . Ca{CH 3 CH 2 CH(CH 3 )COO},, 0-80 0-80 10-238 - 0-07643(2 - 0'3) + 0'0 3 6293(2 - 0'3) 2 18-429 + 0-105138(2 - 0'2) - 0'0. 2 10907(2 - 0'2) 2 28 "9822 + 0-33186(2 - 0'6) - 0'0 2 4417(2 - 0'6) 2 Stiassny. 5 > Ba(C 4 H 9 COO) 2 (n), 21-858 - 0-12348(2 - 0'3) + 0'001767(2 - 0'3) 2 AgCsHuCOO (n),. 0-70 0-07768 + 0'0 :i 82682 + '0 4 3121 32 2 Keppich. Ag(C 2 H 5 ) 2 CHCOO, 0-74 0-402 + 0'0 3 847(2 - 07) + 0-0 4 38(2 - 07) 2 ) 5 AgCH 3 CH 2 .CH 2 CH(CH 3 )COO, 0-51166 + 0-0 2 172(2-1) + 0-0 4 1512(2-1) 2 Sticht. Ca{C 3 H 7 CH(CH,)COO} 2 , Ca(C s H n COO), (n), . 0-75 16-4994 - 0'08375(< - 1) + 0'0 4 6424(2 - I) 2 2727 - 0-01475(2 - 07) + 0'0 3 2207(< - 07) 2 ii Ca{(C 2 H 5 ),CHCOO} 2 , . Ba(C 5 H H COO) 2 (n), 0-72 0-63 9-47 - 0-08975(2 - 0-5) + 0'0 2 14983(2 - 0-5) 2 >5 5) 991 TABLE LXXIIn. (3). In the following results obtained by Etard, S, denotes the weight of the dissolved substance in 100 parts by weight of solution. Substance. Range of Temp. s, Authority. NaCi 0-100 26 '4 + 0-0248*! Etard. KC1, -90 -110 20-5 + 0-1445(^ + 90) ii CaCl 2 -18- 6 32-0 + 0-21480!+ 18) 50 -120 54-5 + 0-0755(^-50) ? > NaBr - 20 - 40 40-0 + 0-1746( + 20) if 50 -150 52-3 + 0-0125(2-50) M KBr, . . . . 0-40 3 4 '5 + 0-24202 J> 30 -120 41-5 + 0-1378(2-30) 1 Nal, 0-80 61-3 + 0-171'^ 80 -160 75-0 +0-02580-80) } KI, 0-165 55-8 + 0-12202 > NaNO,, .... - 15 - 64 36-0 + 0-2784(2 + 15) 64-313 58-0 + 0-1686(2-64) ) KN0 3 , 10- 69 17-0 + 0-7118(2-10) 69 -125 59-0 + 0-375(2-69) ! 125 -338 80-0 + 0-938(i5-125) 1 AgN0 3> . . . 55-198 81-0 + 0-1328(2-55) Ba(N0 3 ) 2 , .... -210 4-5 + 0-20002 > KC10 3 , 0-42 2-6 + 0-20002 || 42-171 11-0 + 0-3706(2-42) 171 -350 59-0 + 0-2186(2-171) > Li 2 S0 4 , .... - 20 - 10-5 18-5 + 0-8421(2 + 20) j -10 c -5-100 26-5-0-0274(2 + 10-5) I K 2 S0 4 0-163 7-5 + 0-10702 163 -220 25 constant > Rb 2 S0 4 , . . . 0-49 26-5 + 0-29592 49 -170 41-0 + 0-0661(2-49) 1 MgS0 4 , .... -123 20-5 + 0'2276< > 123 -190 48-5 -0-4403(^-123) > MnS0 4 -8-57 30-0 + 0-2828^ + 8) 57 -150 48-0 -0-4585(^-57) > at 161 1 FeS0 4 , -2- 65 13'5 + 0-3788(/+'2) 1 65- 98 '37 '5 constant > 98-156 37 -5 -0-6685(^-98) I at 156 | CuS0 4! - 2- 55 11 '6 + 0-261 4(^+2) 55 -105 26-5 + 0-3700(^-55) j 105 -190 45-0 -0'0293(<- 105) , ZnS0 4 , -5-81 27'6 + 0-2640(< + 5) , 81 -175 50-0-0-2244(<-81) , CdS0 4 0-68 35-7 + 0-2160^ 1 68 -200 50-6 -0-3681(^-68) J KHC 4 H 4 6 , .... at 215 0-100 0-100 0-351 + O'OolSU + -0 3 55<- 0-369 + 0-0^569^ Babo & Portele. Blarez. Se0 2 , -3-36 45-0 + 0-7692(< + 3) Etard. Cane sugar, . . ... 0-100 64-1835 + O'l 3477 + 0'0 3 5307^ Herzfeld. In alcohol S, = weight of salt in 100 parts alcohol. NH 4 C1, .... 0-56 9-80 + 0-35U + 0-00024* 2 (Sp. Gr. of Alcohol '939) If c denote the weight of alcohol contained in 100 parts of an aqueous solution of alcohol, then the weight of BaCl 9 dissolved by 100 parts of such solution will be 30-25 - 0'7021c + 0-00479c 2 - 0'0 5 83r 3 . 992 TABLE LXXIIn. (4). Nordenskjold gives : and therefore, Log e S, = l)t + a, where a and b are constants. A more satisfactory form is The values of the constants are given as follows for the undermentioned salts Substance. a b c NH 4 C1 -0-5272 + 0-5483 -0-1732 NaCl -0-4484 + 0-0105 + 0-0319 KC1 -0-5345 + 0-3790 - 0-0900 BaCl 2 - 0-5084 + 0-3413 -0-0658 I NaNO, -0-1364 + 0-3892 - 0-0030 KN0 3 -0-8755 + 0-2003 -0-7717 Ba(N0 8 ) 2 -1-2793 + 1-2495 - 0-4307 KC10 3 -1-4776 + 1-7834 -0-5555 K 2 S0 4 -1-1061 + 0-8117 -03245 K 2 Cr0 4 -0-2219 + 0-1741 -0-0445 993 TABLE LXXIIlA. Solubility, etc., of Gases in Water 0-100. (Winkler.) Hydrogen. Nitrogen. Oxygen. Air.* 0. ft. 18. ft. . ft. . ft oc. 0-02148 0-02135 0-02348 0-02334 0-04890 0-04860 0-02882 0-02864 1 02126 02112 02291 02276 04759 04728 02809 02791 2 02105 02090 02236 02220 04633 04601 02739 02720 3 02084 02068 02182 021(56 i 04512 04479 02671 02652 4 02064 02047 02130 02113 04397 04362 02606 02585 5 02044 02026 02081 02063 04286 04250 02544 02522 6 02025 02006 02032 02013 04181 04142 02483 02460 7 02007 01987 01986 01966 04080 04040 02426 02401 8 01989 01968 01941 01920 03983 03941 02370 02344 9 01972 01950 01898 01877 03891 03847 02316 02291 10 01955 01932 01857 01834 03802 03756 02265 02238 11 01940 01915 01819 01795 03718 03670 02218 02189 12 01925 01899 01782 01758 03637 03587 02171 02142 13 01911 01883 01747 01722 03560 03507 02128 02097 14 01897 01867 01714 01687 03486 03431 02086 02053 15 01883 01851 01682 01654 03415 03358 02046 02012 16 01869 01836 01651 01622 03347 03288 02007 01972 17 01856 01821 01622 01591 03283 03220 01971 01933 18 01844 01806 01594 01562 03220 03155 01935 01896 19 01831 01792 01567 01534 03161 03093 01902 01861 20 01819 01777 01542 01507 03102 03031 01870 01827 21 01805 01761 01519 01482 03044 02970 01839 01794 22 01792 01746 01496 01457 02988 02911 01809 01762 23 01779 01730 01473 01433 02934 02853 01780 01731 24 01766 01715 01452 01410 02881 02797 01752 01701 25 01754 01700 01432 01387 02831 02743 01726 01672 26 01742 01685 01411 01365 02783 02691 01699 01643 27 01731 01670 01392 01344 02736 02641 01674 01616 28 01720 01656 01374 01323 02691 02592 01651 01589 29 01709 01642 01356 01303 02649 02545 01628 01564 30 01699 01630 01340 01284 02608 02500 01606 01539 31 01692 01618 01321 01263 02572 02459 01584 01514 32 01685 01606 01304 01243 02537 02419 01563 01490 33 01679 01596 01287 01224 02503 02380 01542 01467 34 01672 01585 01270 01204 02471 02342 01522 01443 35 01666 01574 01254 01185 02440 02306 01503 01420 * Calculated from nitrogen and oxygen. 094 TABLE LXXIIlA. continued. Hydrogen. Nitrogen. Oxygen. I Air.* 0. ft- 0. B v 0. ft- . ft- 36 0-01661 0-01564 0-01239 0-01167 0-02410 0-02270 0-01485 0-01398 37 01657 01554 01224 01149 02382 02236 01467 01377 38 01652 01544 01210 01131 02355 02203 01450 01356 39 01648 01535 01196 01114 02330 02171 01434 01336 40 01644 01525 01183 01097 02306 02140 01419 01316 41 01640 01515 01171 01082 02280 02107 01404 01297 42 01635 01504 01160 01067 02256 02075 01390 01279 43 01631 01493 01149 01052 02232 02043 01376 01260 44 01627 01482 01139 01037 02209 02012 01354 01242 45 01624 01475 01129 01023 02187 01981 01351 01224 46 01620 01460 01120 01009 02166 01952 01340 01207 47 01617 01449 01111 00995 02145 01922 01328 01190 48 01614 01437 01102 00982 02126 01894 01317 01173 49 01611 01425 01094 00968 02108 01865 01307 01156 50 01608 01413 . 01087 00955 02090 01837 01298 01140 51 01607 01402 01079 00942 02073 01810 01288 01124 52 01606 01392 01072 00929 02057 01782 01279 01108 53 01606 01381 01065 00916 02041 01755 01270 01092 54 01605 01369 01058 00902 02026 01728 01261 01075 55 01604 01356 01051 00889 02012 01701 01253 01059 56 01603 01343 01045 00876 01998 01674 01245 01043 57 01602 01329 01039 00862 01984 01646 01237 01027 58 01602 01316 01033 00849 01971 01619 01230 01011 59 01601 01302 01027 00835 01958 , 01592 01222 00994 60 01600 01287 01022 00822 01946 01565 01216 00978 61 jj 01272 01016 00808 01933 01536 01209 00961 62 01256 01011 00794 01921 01508 01202 00944 63 01240 01006 00780 01909 01479 01196 00927 64 tt 01223 00901 00765 01897 01450 01189 00909 65 j> 01206 00996 00751 01885 01421 01183 00892 66 01188 00992 00736 01874 01392 01177 00874 67 J> 01169 00987 00722 01863 ; 01362 01171 00856 68 J) 01150 00983 00707 01853 01332 01166 00838 69 ) 01130 00980 00692 01843 ! 01301 01161 00820 70 )) 01109 00976 00676 01833 01270 01156 00801 Calculated from nitrogen and oxygen. 995 TABLE LXXIIlA. continued. Hydrogen. Nitrogen. Oxygen. Air.* B. ft- B. BI. B. ft. * ft- 71 0-01600 0-01087 0-00973 0-00661 0-01824 0-01239 0-01152 0-00782 72 01065 00970 00645 01815 01208 01147 00763 73 01041 00968 i 00630 01807 01176 01144 00745 74 >j 01017 00965 00614 01799 01144 01140 00725 75 11 00992 00963 00597 01792 01111 01137 00705 76 11 00966 00961 00581 01785 01078 01134 00685 77 11 00939 00960 00564 01778 01044 01132 00665 78 11 00912 00959 00546 01772 01010 01130 00643 79 11 00883 00958 00528 01766 00975 01128 00622 80 11 00853 00957 00510 01761 00939 01126 00600 81 11 00822 00956 00491 01756 00902 01124 00577 82 00790 00956 00472 01752 00865 01123 00555 83 11 00757 00955 00452 01748 00827 01122 00531 84 11 00723 00955 00432 01743 007*8 01120 00507 85 11 00688 00954 00410 01739 00748 01119 00481 86 35 00652 i 00954 00388 01736 00707 01118 00455 87 00614 00953 00366 01732 00665 01117 00429 88 00575 00953 00343 01729 00622 01116 00402 89 00535 00952 00318 01726 00577 01115 00372 90 00494 00952 00294 01723 00532 01114 00344 91 00451 00951 00268 01720 00485 01113 00314 92 00407 00951 00242 01717 00437 01112 00283 93 35 00361 j 00950 00215 01715 00387 01111 00251 94 J3 00315 00950 00187 01712 00337 OHIO 00219 95 11 00266 00949 00158 01710 00284 01109 00184 96 11 00216 00949 00128 01708 00231 01108 00150 97 11 00164 00949 00098 01706 00175 01108 00114 98 00111 00948 00066 01704 00119 01107 00077 99 11 00056 00948 00034 01702 00060 01106 00039 100 00000 00947 00000 01700 00000 01105 00000 = Absorption coefficient = volume of gas (reduced to st. temp, and pressure) absorbed by 1 litre of water when pressure of gas outside liquid is 760 mm. a = Solubility of gas = volume of gas (corrected as above) absorbed by 1 litre when total pressure is 760 -p 760 mm. = 750 ' > P~ tension of aqueous vapour at t. * Calculated from nitrogen and oxygen. 996 bsorption of ed by each unit volume of water at temperatures between and water during absorption being 760 mms. IIB. Co and 760 mms. pressure of the dry gas outsid TABLE LXX gas Or- it^.-^, l ^ COCOOOOOWCOCOOOroCOCCI^OSCOro^CO^OWMOOi^OCOt-OOT^OC-iai S \ ^^.r^^^^^'-^^CO^CCOTiCCIOCOTCCO'^TlCOCOIOCOO-l (N b2^5oi^^?qoSS^S2o osoioooot^-t>-t>.?ocoeooooio^r^ti-Tt 15-2 1-0121 Setschenow 17 0-9519 17-1 0-9610 18-38 0-8960 19-3 0-8860 21 0-8380 23 0-7980 37-3 0-5690 37-29 0-5629 Bohr and Bock 100 0-2438 j? 39 0-5283 Luntz 39-2 0-5215 Carbon monoxide, 1 0-02 Davy 0-032874 Bunsen 0-03537 Winkler Chlorine, 1-43 Gay-Lussac 3 1-52 5 6-5 2-08 5 7 2-17 8 3-04 5 10 3-00 17 2-37 j 35 1-61 1 50 1-19 70 0-71 100 0-15 I 8 3-04 Pelouze and Fremy 50 1-09 6-9 2-2931 Goodwin 8-4 2-5469 9-3 2-7135 10-1 2-8741 5 ) ? J 999 TABLE LXXIIIc. continued. Gas. Temperature. Authority. Chlorine, .... 11-2 C. 2-7267 Goodwin 13-7 2-5079 21-7 2-0422 t 32-1 1-5766 36-7 1-3802 n 3-0362 Schbnfeld Hydrogen, .... 0-0193 Bunsen 0-2153 Timofejeff 0-203 Bohr and Bock 0-2148 Winkler ,, antimonide, . 10-5 0-00412 Jones ,, arsenide, 1 0-2 Gmelin ,, bromide, 10 600 (about) Berthelot ,, chloride, ord. temp. 400 to 500 Dalton 480 Davy 480 Berzelius 20 417-822 Thomson -12 560 Berthelot 500 j + 20 440 )} 15 480 Hager 525-2 Deicke 4 494-7 8 480-3 12 471-3 14 462-4 18 451-2 18-25 450-7 23 435-0 ,, iodide, . 10 450 Thomson 10 425 Berthelot phosphide, (a) 0-125 Davy (a) . 0-1122 Dybkowsky (ft) 0-018 Gengembre (ft) ' 0-025 Davy (ft) - 0-0214 Henry 0-255 Raymond ,, sulphide, 10 1-08 Henry 11 3 Gay-Lussac and Thenard 15 2-53 de Saussure ord. temp. 3-66 Thomson 5 J 2-5 Dalton 4-3706 Schonfeld Nitrogen, .... 15-5 0-0147 Henry ord. temp. 0-0156 Dalton 0-020346 Bunsen 0-02440 Dittmar 1000 TABLE LXXIIIc. continued. Gas. j Temperature. B Authority. Nitrogen, .... oc. 0-02421 Hamberg 0-02388 Bohr and Bock 0-02348 Winkler Nitric oxide, ord. temp. o-i Davy 0-05 Henry 0-037 Dalton 0-07381 Winkler Nitrous oxide, ord. temp. 0-78 Henry > 0-80 Dalton 1-03521 Bunsen Oxygen, .... ord. temp. 0-037 Pelouze and Fremy >j 0-046 Otto-Graham 0-04114 Bunsen 0-04115 Bunsen and Pauli 0-04903 Dittmar 0-04961 Bohr and Bock 0-04890 Winkler 6-4 0-041408 Timofejeff 12-6 0-036011 Ozone, . 1 to 2-5 O'OO^l 1 "I nr>rlar. 1/vn- ? ? Carius )j vA/u 1 1 i under low 0*02816 /pressure. > j 1 0-834 Sulphur dioxide, . 18 30 Davy ord. temp. 20 Dalton 5) 43-78 de Saussure )] 33 Thomson 20 50 Pelouze and Fremy 79-789 Schb'nfeld TABLE LXXIIIo. Absorption of Gases by Water under various Pressures. (1) Coefficients of Absorption of the Constituents of Dry Air. (Calculated from the Data of Roscoe and Lunt, etc.) t Volume of Gas at under 760 mms. Pressure absorbed by one Volume of Water. Percentage of Oxygen. Centimetre Cubes of N absorbed by 1 Litre (Hamberg). Nitrogen. Oxygen. Sum (N + 0). oc. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0-02238 02139 02048 01964 01887 01816 01751 01693 . 0-00986 00963 00941 00920 00899 00879 00859 00840 0-03224 03102 02989 02884 02786 02695 02610 02533 30-58 31-04 31-49 31-90 32-27 32-61 32-91 33-16 19-14 18-66 18-20 17-76 17-34 16-93 16-54 16-16 1001 TABLE LXX.lIIv.contimted. t Volume of Gas at under 760 mms. Pressure absorbed by one Volume of Water. Percentage of Oxygen. Centimetre Cubes of N absorbed by 1 Litre (Hamberg). Nitrogen. Oxygen. Sum(N + 0). 8C. 0-01639 0-00822 0-02461 33-41 15-81 9 01591 00804 02395 33-57 15-47 10 01547 00787 02334 33-72 15-14 11 01507 00770 02277 33-81 14-83 12 01471 00754 02225 33-84 14-53 13 01439 00739 02178 33-92 14-25 14 01410 00724 02134 33-93 13-98 15 01383 00709 02092 33-90 13-72 16 01358 00695 02053 33-85 13-48 17 01336 00681 02017 33-76 13-25 18 01315 00668 01983 33-69 13-03 19 01295 00656 01951 33-62 12-82 20 01276 00644 01920 33-54 12-63 21 01257 00632 01889 33-46 12-45 22 01238 00621 01859 33-40 12-27 23 01219 00611 01830 33-39 12-10 24 01199 00601 01800 33-39 11-95 25 01178 00591 01769 33-40 11-81 (2) Number of Centimetre Cubes of Nitrogen absorbed from the Atmosphere by one Litre of Water under 760 mms. Pressure. Pure Water. Sea Water. t Bunsen. Roscoe and Lunt. Dittmar. Hamberg. Turnoe. Dittmar. Hamberg. oc. 16-09 19-29 19-14 14-40 15-60 14-85 5 14-18 17-09 16-93 13-25 13-86 13-32 10 12-70 15-47 15-36 15-14 12-10 12-47 12-06 15 11-67 13-83 13-95 13-73 10-95 11-34 11-04 20 11-08 12-76 12-80 12-63 10-41 10-25 25 11-78 11-81 11-80 9-62 9-62 (3) Centimetre Cubes of N and O absorbed from Atmosphere by one Litre of Water under 760 mms. Pressure. (Petterson and Sonden.) t C.cms. N. C.cms. 0. Percentage 0. oc. 19-53 10-01 33-88 6 16-34 8-28 33-60 6-32 16-60 8-39 33-35 9-18 15-58 7-90 33-60 13-70 14-16 7-14 33-51 14-10 14-16 7-05 33-24 1002 TABLE LXXIIIo. continued. (4) Solubility of Ammonia in Water. (Sims.) Pressure in Milli- metres. At C. At 20 C. At 40 C. At 100 C. 9 G g G g G g G 20 0-082 3-113 30 117 2-960 40 148 820 60 169 522 0-119 1-513 80 240 280 141 337 -052 0-497 100 280 127 158 200 064 490 120 316 000 173 095 076 483 140 346 1-880 187 017 088 476 160 375 780 202 0-962 099 470 180 398 684 207 918 109 462 200 421 598 232 881 120 454 250 472 434 266 810 145 440 300 519 315 296 750 168 426 350 563 223 325 705 191 414 400 606 152 353 670 211 402 450 650 100 378 638 232 399 500 692 052 403 612 251 382 550 732 012 425 587 269 372 600 770 0-975 447 566 287 363 650 809 946 470 550 304 355 700 850 923 492 534 320 347 0-068 0-074 750 891 903 514 521 335 339 073 074 760 899 899 518 518 338 338 074 074 800 937 888 535 504 349 332 078 074 850 980 876 556 497 363 325 083 074 900 1-029 869 574 485 378 319 088 074 950 077 862 594 475 391 313 092 073 1000 126 855 613 466 404 307 096 073 1050 177 852 632 457 414 300 101 073 1100 230 850 651 450 425 294 106 073 1150 283 848 669 442 434 287 110 073 1200 336 846 685 433 445 282 115 073 1250 338 844 704 428 454 276 120 073 1300 442 843 722 422 463 271 125 073 1350 496 842 741 417 472 266 130 073 1400 549 841 761 413 479 260 135 073 1450 603 840 780 409 486 255 1500 656 839 801 406 493 250 1600 758 835 842 400 511 242 1700 861 832 881 394 530 237 1800 966 830 919 388 547 231 1900 2-070 828 955 382 565 226 2000 992 377 579 220 21 on MJLV\J 594 215 y = Grammes of G = Grammes of water if absorption were" proportional to pressure ammonia dissolved in 1 gramme of water at given pressure. NH 3 under pressure of 760 mms. that would be absorbed by 1 grm. of 1003 TABLE LXXIIlD. continued. (5) Weight (w) of NH 3 absorbed by one Unit Weight of Water at C. under pressure of P mms. (Roscoe and Dittmar.) P. to. P. w. P. w. P. w. P. w. P. w. 10 0-044 150 0-351 500 0-690 900 0-968 1300 1-310 1700 1-770 20 084 175 382 550 731 950 1-001 1350 361 1750 835 30 120 200 411 600 768 1000 037 1400 415 1800 906 40 149 250 465 650 804 1050 075 1450 469 1850 976 50 175 300 515 700 840 1100 117 1500 526 1900 2-046 75 228 350 561 750 872 1150 161 1550 584 1950 120 100 275 400 607 800 906 1200' 208 1600 645 2000 125 125 315 450 646 850 937 1250 ! 258 1650 707 (6) Coefficient of Absorption of C0 2 in Water under various Pressures. p. tC. f*. Authority. 1 atmosphere oc. 1-797 Wroblewski. 5 w 8-65 10 5J 16-03 M 15 21-95 ,, 20 t1 26-65 25 n 30-55 30 JJ 33-74 1 12-43 1-086 M 5 M 5-15 ,, 10 9-65 ,, 15 M 13-63 20 17-11 J5 25 20-31 )J 30 ? , 23-35 697-71 mm. 0-9441 Khanikoff and Longuinine. 809-03 1-1619 ,, 1289-41 M 1-8647 1469-95 2-1623 2002-06 ,, 2-9067 2188-65 j> 3-1764 ,, 2369-02 3-4857 2554-00 jj 3-7152 2738-33 }) 4-0031 3109-51 5) 4-5006 ,, 115-20 15-2 1-0041 Setschenow. 448-35 M 1-016 CO ,, 563-67 1-010 o a M 654-33 1-008 J 866-10 fj 1-013 ft 874-50 M 1-000 -1 J> 875-20 M 1-008 M 1004 TABLE LXXIIlD. continued. (7) Absorption and Solubility of Chlorine Trioxide. One vol. water absorbs 5'6 vols. C1 2 3 (Millon). At 8 '5 C. under 753 mms. 1 vol. water absorbs 8'591 vols. C1 2 O 3 . (Brandan.) 100 grms H at 8'5 under 752'9 mms. dissolve 4'7655 grms. C1 2 3 . 14 756-3 5-0117 21 754 5-4447 93 760 5-6508 (Brandan). (8) Weight ^o) of Hydrogen Bromide dissolved in the Unit Weight of Water. (Roozeboom.) fC. P. in mms. w. eo. P. in mms. /'. -25 760 2-550 -15 175 2-056 300 2-263 102 1-980 140 2-120 -11 -3 760 2-350 100 2-056 570 2-265 1 1-755 310 2-118 0-5 1-10 216 2-055 -20 760 2-473 - 5 760 2-280 375 2-267 730 2-264 180 2-119 430 2-117 130 2-056 298 2-055 20 1-850 760 2-212 -15 760 2-390 540 2-116 470 2-266 380 2-054 250 2-119 5 1-085 (9) Solubility of HC1 in Water at 0. (Roscoe and Dittmar.) w = Weight in grms. of the HC1 absorbed by 1 grm. of water under pressure P. P = Partial pressure, i.e. total pressure minus tension of aqueous vapour pressure exerted by the dry gas. or the P. in mms. w. P. in mms. w. P. in nuns. w. P. in mms. w. 60 0-613 140 0-681 350 0-751 750 0-824 70 628 150 686 400 763 800 831 80 640 175 697 450 772 900 844 90 649 200 707 500 782 1000 856 100 657 225 716 550 791 1100 869 110 664 250 724 600 800 1200 882 120 670 275 732 650 808 1300 895 130 676 300 738 700 817 (10) Solubility of S0 2 in Water under various Pressures. (Sims.) P Partial pressure in mms. w = Weight in grms. of S0 2 , exerting pressure P, dissolved in 1 grm. weight of water. W = Calculated weight of S0 2 absorbed under 760 mms. pressure if absorption were exactly proportional to pressure. v= Volume of w grms. of SO 2 at C. under pressure of 760 mms. V= W 1005 1006 TABLE LXXIIlD. continued. (11) Weights of various Gases absorbed by 1 grm. of Water under 760 mm. Pressure. tC. Ammonia. Hydrogen Chloride. Sulphur Dioxide. Roscoe and Dittmar. Sims. Roscoe and Dittmar. Sims. 0-875 0-899 0-825 2 833 853 814 4 792 809 804 6 751 765 793 8 713 724 783 0-168 10 679 684 772 154 12 645 646 762 142 14 612 611 752 130 16 582 578 742 121 18 554 546 731 112 20 526 518 721 104 22 499 490 710 098 24 474 467 700 092 26 449 446 691 087 28 426 426 682 083 30 403 408 673 078 32 382 393 665 073 34 362 378 657 069 36 343 363 649 065 38 324 350 641 062 40 307 338 633 058 42 290 326 626 055 44 275 315 618 053 46 259 304 611 050 48 244 294 603 047 50 229 284 596 045 52 214 274 589 54 200 265 582 56 186 256 575 58 247 568 60 238 561 70 194 80 154 90 114 98 082 100 074 1007 TABLE LXXIIlE. Absorption of Gases in various Liquids and Solutions. (1) Solubility of Ammonia in absolute Alcohol under 760 mm. Pressure, (de Bruyn.) e C. ! Per cent. NH 3 . Wt. of NH.j per 100 pts. H 2 0. 197 24-5 6 17-1 20-6 11-7 14-1 16-4 14-7 13-2 15-2 17 12'6 14-7 22 10-9 12-2 28-4 9-2 10-1 1 (2) Solubility of Ammonia in Alcohol. (Delepine.) ft = Coefficient of absorption. 10 = Weight of NH 3 contained in 1 litre of solution saturated under 760 mms. s = Specific gravity of solution. Degrees of Alcohol. e c. 100. 90. 80. 70. 60. 50. ft 209-5 245-0 390-0 504-0 697-7 w 130-5 146-0 206-5 246-0 304-5 s 0-782 0-783 0-808 0-830 0-835 ft 164-3 186-0 288-0 373-0 438-6 10 w 108-5 120-0 ' 167-0 198-25 227-0 s 0-787 0-803 0-800 0-831 0-851 ft 106-6 147-8 190-5 223-0 260-8 338-2 20 w 75-0 97-5 119-75 137-5 152-5 182-7 s 0-791 0-788 0-821 0-829 0-842 0-869 ft 97-0 106-7 121-6 211-6 252-0 30 w 51-5 74-0 81-75 100-3 129-5 152-0 s 0-798 0-791 0-826 0-846 0-883 (3) Solubility of Ammonia in Alcohol. (Pagliani and Emo.) tC. P. in mms. 0. tC. P. in mms. 0. tC. P. in mms. J8. 20-40 457-00 70-9 22-10 467-35 70-6 23-00 455-22 66-3 21 -32 443-78 68-5 22 -70 525-49 75-2 23 -JO 630-39 87-3 21 -61 511-05 75-4 22 -75 474-89 68-7 23 -16 613-23 91-4 21 -70 568-27 81-5 22 -98 623-65 85-3 23 -19 629-17 76-6 1 24 -60 634-36 84-4 1008 x< b ^V CM 00 t^ 00 rH CO OS OS JO GO 1^ CO JO GO CO CO i-H (M OS CO , i << CO 00 JO CO OS f 1 OS -^ JO t^ T-H 00 t- JO CM CO JO I-H GO CM 00 t^ t^ rH Tt< CM CO t>- -^f OO 333 IS oo f i jo o JO CM rH 05 GO CO T-H CO JO CM i i JO CO - 1^ JO i ^ ff} CH r-4 ^> 30 JO JO CM ^ CM CO ^ CM OS CO CO O OS !>. CM CO O JO I-H l>- |< ie OS GO t- . I- OS t^ CO JO GO oo os ^ o O co l^ co O ^tH OO CO JO O JO ^i (M 1 I O JO f-H OO CO ^ O t^ CO O ^H ^ CO CO CO CO t^ OS CM CO t^ ^ > i OS CO CM CM CM i I rH CM 05 t- CO CO ^ r-H OS t- JO rH rH O O GO rH JO O CO ^H CO CM O OS t^ CO O O O OS OS OS - CM t^ CM jo - OS (M CO O3 t- ^H CO O JO (M JO T-H O CO OS t^ t^ 00 O OS Th 05 ^ O os oo o JO ^h CO OO JO CM rH JO O CO CM OO JO O OS O JO CO rH CO JO O JO (M ^H O O CO OS CO "^3 J3 >>~ t~ t- CO JO lO ^ "* CO CO (M rH ^H OS OS GO 00 t- t~ t^ CO CO JO JO s~ co L JO O CO rH t^ . GO t^ CO ^H CO JO CO rH O OS CM rH O OS t^ 00 t~ CO CO CO CO CO JO -HH CO CM rH Is CO p 0) t~ H O C5 CO O O JO t>- (M GO JO OS CO OO . JO JO "* ^ CO co ^ (M CO 00 l^ co co "^ co o - oo co CM JO O CO ^ 00 -^ rH l^ ^H GO OO GO t^ t^ rH CO OS OS CM 00 CO CO ^ t- CM t- i-H GO JO CM O t^ l^. CO CO CO CO JO Carbon Dioxide (C). JO 00 CO 05 CO OS CO CO OO CO b TH N co ^ O CD !> 00 Oi O rH 5 21-4 55 8732 55 51 5) 55 55 i 55 55 26-9 55 7017 JJ j) 55 19-66 55 55 55 55 5) 1 6978 5) 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 9-2 55 1 2145 5) 5) 55 55 55 55 55 55 9-3 > 1 2068 55 55 M 55 55 )) 55 55 14-8 55 9740 55 53 55 55 55 )) 55 55 15-4 55 9511 55 55 55 55 55 55 )) 55 20-4 55 7758 55 55 5> ,1 )) 55 55 55 21-9 55 7385 J' 55 Saturated solution of KC1 at 15 C. absorbs J less C1 2 than pure H 2 O. 2 1 litre aqueous solution of CaCl 2 (1 in 15) at 12 C. dissolves 2 '45 grms. C1 2 . MgClj (1 in 15) 2-33 MnCl 2 (1 in 15) 2-00 100 grms. CrOCJo at C. absorb 17'853 grms. of C1 . (Roozeboom.) -14 31-624 -21 58-913 -24 76-511 55 55 55 Sulphuryl chloride at C. absorbs 71 vols. of C1 2 . (Schulze.) (12) Solubility of Hydrogen and other Gases in various Liquids. 1 vol. of petroleum absorbs at 10 C. 0'0652 vol. of hydrogen. 5, 20 0-0582 alcoho1 0-85 PH 3 . (Graham.) ether 2-00 vols. of PH 9 . 1011 TABLE LXXIIlE. continued. 1 vol. of oil of turpentine absorbs at 10 C. 3*25 vols. of PH 3 . (Graham.) alcohol at C. 0-126338 vol. of N. (Carius.) petroleum,, 10 20 10 ,,20 0-135 0-117 2-49 2-17 100 vols. of concentrated solution of FeS0 4 ,, 7 per cent. NaOH solution saturated with pyrogallol KOH solution (sp. gr. = 1-12) ,, ,, saturated with pyrogallol H 2 S0 4 (sp.gr. = 1-84) (GineswaszandWalfisz.) * T 2 absorb 19 '5 vols. of N 2 O. (Lunge.) JJ ( = 1-80) ( ,, = 1-705) ,J ( J, -= 1'45) J> \ JJ = 1-25) JJ \ JJ = 1 *84) JJ \ JJ = 1-50) HN0 3 ( = 1-3) 23-1 jj jj 28 -JO jj jj 18-7 jj j' 18-1. j> j? 75-7 j 66-0 j> t 39-1 jj 5 41-6 j j J 33-0 jj j 3-5 , NO J 1-7 } 20 (Dalton.) 600 mols. \ V Irrespective of concentration. (Gay.) FeSO 4 solution (1 grm. FeS0 4 to 6 grms. H 2 0) Between C. and 10 C. ferrous solutions absorb NO for every atom of Fe. Between 10 C. and 15 C. ferrous solutions absorb 1 mol. for 2 atoms of Fe. At 100 all NO is expelled. 1 vol. of alcohol at all temperatures between C. and 24 C. absorbs 0*28397 vols. of O 2 . (Bunsen.) 1 vol. of alcohol absorbs from 12 to 13 vols. of propylene. (v. Than.) ,, at 18 absorbs 6 vols. of acetylene. (Berthelot.) 1 litre H 2 SO 4 (sp. gr. = 1-841) at C. absorbs 5'8 litres or 16'59 grms. S0 2 . (Kolbe.) Com. = 1-839),, , 8-9 jj 25-47 = 1-540),, , 11*2 jj 32-05 = 1-407),, , 15-9 jj 45-49 = 1-227),, , 29-7 jj 84-98 = 1-020),, , 49-0 jj 140-21 = 1-841),, 17 C. , 28-14 jj j, ) j, 16 , 28-86 jj ) , 5-8 jj = 1-839) 8-9 jj 200 j> of proj 100 parts of absolute methyl alcohol at 0C. and 760 mms. absorb 247 parts S0 2 . (Dunn.) j (Lunge.) (v. Than.) (deBruyn.) ethyl jj ,, ,, 115 ,, ,, 26 32-3 Camphor at 0C. and 725 mm. absorbs 0*880 times its weight or 308 times its vol. of SO 2 . Glacial acetic acid 0'961 ,, 318 Formic acid 0'821 351 Acetone 2-07 589 Sulphuryl chloride 0'323 187 (Schultze.) 1012 TABLE LXXIIlF. FormulaB, etc., referring to the Absorption of Gases. Henry's Law. " The mass of gas absorbed by a specified mass of a liquid varies directly as the pressure exerted by the gas" ; or "A given mass of a liquid absorbs, under all pressures, the same volume of a gas." ft = Coefficient of absorption of a gas. v = Volume in cm. 3 of gas absorbed by V cm. 3 of liquid at temperature t* C. a = Coefficient of gaseous expansion. If by T we denote any other temperature, we may write where, of course, the values of a, b, and c are different from the corresponding values in the preceding equation. 1013 ^ w ^ - ^ ^ s-5;a> a! rt'Sr'o3 r o< - *a< II 1 1 1 'i 41 1| I'gl i * <3og w ||ogg|s hs 3 ^ OQ 3 ^G ^d W s3l>-GOCMt--OOCOCMO5 b-CMifCOaC i I ii ii lr li ICMCOr ICOlOCO-^i-Hi ICOCOr-H'MOCOO' 'i IIOCOCOOC 1 (M(N'^-*i-*cO'^C'J(MToiciOincoco'N'r oppoopppoopopppopppoopooopoo 666666666666666 i 666666666666 OS IO ^* GO ^ 10 ^H ^H (M p ^ p o o p 6 os 6 6 6 6 - CO OS OS iO CM CO GO CM CO ^ IO O !> CO 5 'ocs O 10 O i i O b- CM"*CMO ts ^ CM b* '^ O^ CO O^ 9 s ' V 3 f P || 7 II II ^ ^ lOOt-COOOcMO-^O^OOOj,. O r-i O CM O i i 1 tJ O . 5 ,r: c 'o 'o fcH-o- ^fc-t-^f-^ l i. r ^ r 2t-ifc-&-i^ ( i-''^t-s-i F ^ r O s _ a>a>3ja>a>a> gj^^C^ *o 1e^^13^^ I 8 8 8 I !^-Tco"!! llll'l'lmil'l'lll'l'l SfiS^S: &qq&: ^^OScbo5^^^ : ^^^ > >5 . T-^&O < "= ^S ^3 Name. Formula H jl If "So -5 H .2 H Is II GO a 6 a 8jL H Acetic acid, CH 3 COOH 16-7 43-2 33-8 39 Caproic acid, C 5 H U COOH 27 40-6 44-7(?) 47 Laurie acid, C n H 23 COOH 43 -4 43-7 45-2 44 Palmitic acid, . C 15 H 31 COOH 59 -9 50-4 44-5 44 Stearic acid, Phenyl-propionic acid. C 17 H 35 COOH C 6 H 5 .CH 2 CH COOH 53 48 -5 54-4 24-8 42-5 82-6 44 88 Benzol, C 6 H 6 " 1 -95 29-089 53 50 5, ... 55 5 -5 30 51 49 Paraxylol, C 6 H 4 (CH 3 ) 2 (1:4) 16 39-3 42-5 Naphthalene, . CTT l/jXTo 79-97 35-679 69-8 5' 55 79 -20 35-500 69-4 70 1 ' 55 79 -87 35-625 69-9 ,, 55 80 35-5 69-4 71 Diphenyl, 70 "2 29-4 80 79-4 55 55 70 -2 28-5 84 82 Phenanthrene, . 96 -25 22-72 120 120 Glycerol, cyi*(OH) 3 13 42-5 38-5 38-4 Aethal (cetyl alcohol), 49 -6 34-3 59-7 62 Diphenyl methane, . CB 2 (C 3 6 H 5 ) 2 26 -3 27-1 65-6 55 55 55 26 11 55 67 Stearin, (C 17 H 35 C0 2 ) 3 C 8 H 5 55 47-3 49-2 51 Phenol, <' 6 H 5 OH 39 '6 26-9 70 74 55 ... 15 39 25 76 74 w-Cresol, C 6 H 4 .CH 3 .OH 35-9 27-1 69-6 36 74 Thymol, . C 6 H 3 .CH 3 .C 3 H 7 .OH(5:2:1)! 48 '2 27-9 73-9 55 ' 48 -2 27-5 85 83 Anethol, . C 9 H 9 .OCH 3 20-1 27-9 61-2 62 Benzophenone, . C fi H 5 .CO.C 6 H 5 48 -1 23-2 87-8 95 Chloral hydrate, CCl 8 CH(QH) a 46 33-22 61-4 Chloral-alcoholate, Ethyl en e bromide, j9-Monobromphenol, . CC1 3 CHOH.OC 2 "H 5 CH 2 Br.CH 2 Br C 6 H 4 BrOH (1 : 4) 46 -2 7 -9 63 27 13 22-9 74-4 119 100 78 118 107 Dichlor -o-xylol, C 8 H 8 C1 2 55 29 74-2 ,, -ra- ,, 55 34 26-7 70-6 5) ~P~ 55 55 100 32-7 85 Tetrachlor-o- ,, C 8 H 6 C1 4 86 21 122-6 " ~ p ~ " 95 22-1 122-6 1020 TABLE LXXIVA. continued. E "Molecular Solvent. S*l . Depression." O CC "t* O st c 1 4) *4^ /< -w 'fli ,1 , I" i >, b/c i " a a li o *< *^ F^ H|^| f.ST "So .9 S Name. Formula. lo ^^ 9 Jl o 3 a o'| 1 M Dibrom-o-xylol, . C 8 H 8 Br, 77 21-45 114-2 -n- 95 24-25 111-7 Nitrobenzol, CA!NO S - 9-21 22-3 69-5 70-7 Nitronaphthalene, Diphenylamine, Naphthylamine, Urethylane, C 10 H 9 N0 2 NH 2 C 6 10 H 7 2 NHjOOOCHg 56 50 -2 47 -1 50 25-32 21-3 19-7 48-5 85-5 98-6 102-5 43 88 78 44 Urethane, NH 2 COOC 2 H 5 48 -7 41 49-6 j j M 48-7 41 50 50 Acetoxime, (CH 3 ) 2 C : N.OH 59-4 41-4 52-9 55 Azobenzol, C 6 H 5 .N 2 .C 6 H 5 69-1 29-4 77-6 * 69 -1 29-2 83 82 p-Toluidine, C 6 H 4 .CH 3 .NH L , 42 -5 38-6 49 51-1 i> i 42 -5 39 49 52 Nitric peroxide, NO, -10 32-37 43-37 41 Gaseous molecules under a very slight pressure tend to dissociate; while, when sub- jected to a very great pressure, several comparatively simple molecules often coalesce to form more complex ones. It also happens similarly with solutions : in very dilute ones our calculated molecular weights may come out too low, and in concentrated ones they are certain to be much too high i.e., in dilute solutions the " Specific Depression " - is likely to be abnormally high, while in concentrated solutions it is most likely to be abnormally low. Thus, with 100 grms. benzol (E = 49) 0"164 grm. of ethyl alcohol caused a depression = 0' 175, giving = 49 x = With the same weight of solvent 32*45 grms. of the alcohol caused a depression = 5, giving The vapour density gives C 2 H 5 OH as the molecular formula and ffi = 46. 1021 TABLE LXX1VB. It must also be borne in mind that substances may form complex molecules with some of the solvent thus, calcium chloride in aqueous solution seems to exist as CaCl 2 6H 2 O rather than Ca01 2 , and in neither case will the experimental result for E agree with the calculated one. 1 CaCl 2 CaCl 2 6H 2 d d d P P P P 0-40 1 0'4 1-99 0-201 45 2 -9 4-02 223 463 4 1 -85 8-21 225 475 6 2 -85 12-57 226 488 8 3 -9 17-20 226 490 10 4-9 21-80 224 528 14 7 -4 31-89 232 555 18 10 -0 43-05 231 The last two results seem to indicate a more complex hydrate than CaCl 2 .6H 2 O, and we have frequent indications that the degree of hydration differs in solutions of different strengths. Thus, with sodium chloride the results up to 14 grms. NaCl to 100 grms. of water seem to indicate molecules of NaCl, and above that strength of NaC1.2H 2 0. NaCl NaCl. 2H 2 0. d d d P P P P 0-600 I 0-6 1-625 0-369 600 2 1 -2 3-271 366 600 4 2 -4 6-625 362 600 6 3-6 10-064 358 600 8 4-8 13-592 353 600 12 7 '2 20-930 344 600 14 8 -4 24-747 339 613 15 9 -2 26-695 340 619 16 9 -9 28-669 341 623 17 10 -6 30-670 341 633 18 11 -4 32-699 343 637 19 12 -1 34-756 342 640 20 12 -8 36-842 342 1022 TABLE LXXIVv. continued. Kiidorff noticed that dilute solutions of Cupric chloride have a blue tint, while stronger solutions are decidedly green. CnCl 2 ,4H 2 CuC] 2 ,12H 2 Grammes, CuCl 2 to 100 d Grms. of Water. d d P P P P 2-39 0-85 3-72 0-229 6-49 0-131 4-91 1 -8 7-75 232 13-76 131 11-04 4 -6 18-03 257 35-03 131 14-94 6 -6 24-95 264 51-32 128 16-43 7 -4 27-66 267 58-33 127 16-53 7 -5 27-87 269 58-82 127 20-70 10 -0 35-78 280 80-99 123 22-45 10 -95 39-22 280 91-87 119 24-04 12 -05 42-40 284 102-31 117 25-46 12 -85 45-21 284 112-55 114 26-04 13 -1 46-50 282 116-96 112 28-46 14 -55 51-61 282 137-02 106 33-00 17 -4 61-61 282 179-79 096 33-88 18 -15 63-62 285 194-40 093 TABLE LXXIVc. Values of E experimentally obtained. (Raoult's.) (1) FOR WATER. Calculated value of E= 18*9. Substance dissolved. Name. Formula. K Methyl alcohol, . CH 3 OH 17-3 Ethyl C 2 H 5 OH 17-3 Butyl ... C 4 H q OH 17-2 (Jlycerol, ..... Mannite, .... Invert sugar, C 3 H 5 (OH) 3 CH 2 (OH).(CH.OH) 4 CH 2 OH 17-1 18-0 19-3 Milk Cane ,, ... C 12 H 22 K*H 2 0(?) 18-1 18'5 Salicin, Phenol, .... C 6 H n 5 .O.C 2 6 2 H 4 !cH 3 OH C 6 H r OH 17-2 15'5 Pyrogallol, .... Chloral hydrate, .... Acetone, ..... C 6 H 8 .(OH) 3 (1:2:3) CC1 3 CH(OH) 2 CH 3 .co.cH 3 ~ 16-3 18-9 17-1 1023 TABLE LXXIVc. continued. Substance dissolved. E. Name. Formula. Hydrogen formate, HCOOH 19-3 ,, acetate, butyrate, CH 3 COOH C 3 H 7 COOH 19-0 18-7 ,, lactate, CH,.CH(OH).COOH 19-2 malate, . . . COOH:CH .CH(OH).COOH 18-7 tartrate, . . . COOH.((JH.OH) 2 COOH 19'5 citrate, . '. . j COOH.C(OH)(COOH).CH 9 .COOH 19'3 ,. oxalate, COOH.COOH 22-9 Ether, Ethyl acetate, .... Acetamide, .... Urea, ..... (C 2 H 5 ) 2 CH,COOC 2 H 5 CH 3 .CO.NH 9 CO(NH 2 ) 2 " 16-6 17-8 17-8 17-2 Ammonia, ..... NH 3 19-9 Ethyl amine, .... NH 2 C 2 H 5 18-5 Propylamine, .... NH 2 C 3 H 7 18-4 Aniline, ..... NH 2 C 6 H 5 15'3 Hydrogen cyanide, HCN 19-4 ,, chloride. HC1 39-1 bromide, . j HBr 39-6 nitrate, . . HN0 3 35-8 perchlorate, . HC10 4 38-7 arsenate, . . H 3 AsO 4 42-6 phosphate (Ortho), H 3 P0 4 42-9 sulphate, selenite, H 2 S0 4 H 2 Se0 3 38'2 42-9 Lithium hydroxide, LiOH 37-4 Sodium NaOH 36'2 Potassium ,, KOH 35-3 Lithium chloride, LiCl 36-8 Sodium NaCl 35'1 Potassium ... KC1 33-6 Ammonium ... NH 4 C1 34-8 Potassium bromide, KBr 35-1 iodide, KI 35'2 cyanide, ferrocyanide, ,, ferricyanide, Sodium nitroprusside, . Potassium thiocyanate, Sodium nitrate, . KCN K 4 Fe(CN) fl K 8 Fe(CN) 6 Na 2 Fe(CN) 5 NO + 2H 2 KCNS NaNO 3 32-2 46-3 47-3 46-8 33-2 34-0 Potassium nitrate, . ' KN0 3 30-8 Ammonium ,, Potassium formate, NH 4 N0 3 HCOOK 32 35-2 Sodium acetate, . CH 3 COONa 32-0 i 1024 TABLE LXXIVc. continued. Substance dissolved. E. Name. Formula. Potassium acetate, CH 3 COOK 34-5 Sodium carbonate, Na 2 C0 3 40-3 Potassium ,, t . K 2 CO 3 41-8 Sodium sulphate, NaJ3O 4 35-4 Potassium ... K 2 S0 4 39-0 Potassium-hydrogen sulphate, KHSO 4 34-8 Ammonium sulphate, . (NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 37-0 Borax, N a ^R fV 66'0 Potassium chromate, . 4.1 ag >-J^>] K 2 Cr0 4 \J\J \J 38-1 ,, dichromate, Disodium phosphate, . Sodium pyrophosphate, K 2 Cr 2 O r Na HP0 4 Na 4 P 2 7 43-7 37-9 45-8 ,, oxalate, .... Na 2 C 2 4 43-2 Potassium oxalate, X Z 4 46-8 Sodium tartrate, .... Na 2 C 4 H 4 6 44-2 ,, ditartrate, NaHC 4 H 4 6 31-2 Potassium tartrate, . K 2 C 4 H 4 6 6 6 36-3 Barium oxide, .... BaO 49-7 Strontium oxide, SrO 48-2 Calcium CaO 48-0 chloride, CaCl 2 49-9 Strontium ,, SrCl 2 51-1 Barium ,, BaCl 9 48-6 Cupric CuCl 2 47-8 Calcium nitrate, . Strontium ,, Ca(N0 3 ) 2 37-4 41-2 Barium T J Ba(N0 3 ) 2 40-5 Lead ,. Pb(N0 3 ) 2 (HCOO) 2 Ba (CH,COO) 2 Mg (CH 3 COO) 2 Mg S0 2 37-4 48-2 47-8 48-6 'ZO U Barium formate, . Magnesium acetate, Barium Sulphurous acid, . Hydrogen sulphide, Arsenious oxide, . H 2 S As 4 19-2 90-S Hydrogen metaphosphate, HP0 3 t\J ') 217 Boric acid, . 9O-5 Tartar emetic, Mercuric cyanide, (KSbOC 4 H 2 4 3 6 ) 2 + H 2 *j Vy *j 18-4 17-5 Magnesium sulphate, . Ferrous ,. Copper . ; MgS0 4 2 FeS0 4 CuS0 4 XI *J 19-2 18-4 18-0 ZnSO 4 18-2 1025 TABLE LXXIVc. continued. (2) FOR ACETIC ACID. Calculated value of 38-8. Substauc e dissolved. E. Name. Formula. Methyl iodide, . CH 3 I 38-8 Chloroform, .... CHC1 3 38-6 Carbon tetrachloride, . . CC1 4 38-9 ,, disulphide, CS 2 384 Hexane, . . . . C fi H 14 40-1 Turpentine, . . . . Naphthalene, .... r TT m 39-2 39-2 Ethylene chloride, Nitrobenzol, .... C 2 H 4 C1 2 C 6 H 5 N0 2 40-0 41-0 Methyl nitrate, . CH 3 N0 3 387 ,, salicylate, . . C 6 H 4 OHCOOCH 3 39-1 Ether, (C 2 H 5 ) 2 39-4 Ethyl sulphide, .... cyanide, . formate, . (C 2 H 5 ) 2 S C 2 H 5 CN HCOOC 2 H 5 38-5 37-6 37-2 ,, valerate, .... C 4 H 9 COOC 2 H 5 39-6 Mustard oil, .... C 2 H 5 CNS 38-2 Aldehyde, ..... CH 3 COH 38-4 Chloral, ... CC1 3 COH 39-2 Benzylic aldehyde, C 6 H 5 COH 39-7 Camphor, ..... C 10 H 16 39-0 Acetone, ..... CH 3 COCH 3 38-1 Acetic anhydride, Hydrogen formate, (CH 3 CO) 2 HCOOH 36-6 36-5 but) rate, C 3 H 7 COOH 37-3 valerate, C 4 H 9 COOH 39-2 , benzoate, C 6 H 5 COOH 43-0 , camphorate, C 6 H 9 (C 2 H 5 )(COOH) 2 40-0 , salicylate, . , picrate, C 6 H 4 OHCOOH C 6 H 2 (NO 9 ) 3 .OH 40-5 39-8 , cyanide, HCN 36-6 Methyl alcohol, .... CH 3 OH 35-7 Ethyl . C 2 H 5 .OH 36-4 Butyl Amyl C 4 H q .OH (C 2 H 5 ) 2 CH.OH 38-7 39-4 Allyl . C 3 H 5 .OH 39-1 Glycerol, . Salicin, C 3 H 5 (OH) 3 C 13 H 18 7 36-2 37-9 Santonin, Phenol .... C 15 H 18 3 C 6 H 5 OH 38-1 36-2 Pyrogallol, .... Acetamide, .... C 6 H 3 (OH) 3 (I:2:3) CH 3 CONH 2 37-3 36-1 1026 TABLE LXXIVo. continued. Substance dissolved. E Name. Formula. Ammonium acetate, Aniline , CH 3 COONH 4 CH 3 COONH 2 C 6 H 5 35-0 36-2 Brucine 40-0 Codeine 38-3 Morphine 43-0 Quinine 41-0 Strychnine Potassium CH 3 COOK 41-6 39-0 Sulphur chloride, 38-7 Arsenious AsCl 3 4T5 Stannic SnCl 4 41-3 Hydrogen sulphide, H 2 S 35-6 Sulphur dioxide, . Hydrogen sulphate, chloride, S0 2 H 2 S0 4 HC1 38'5 18-6 17-2 Magnesium acetate, (CH 3 COO) 2 Mg 18-2 (3) FOR FORMIC ACID. Calculated value o/E = 28'4. Chloroform, .... CHC1 3 26-5 C 6 H 6 29-4 Ether, (C 2 H 5 ) 2 28-2 Aldehyde, .... CH 3 COH 26-1 Acetone, .... Acetic acid, .... CH 3 COCH 3 CH 3 COOH 27-8 26-5 Brucine formate, 29-7 Potassium ,, ... HCOOK 28-9 Arsenious chloride, AsCl 3 26-6 Magnesium formate, . (HCOO) 9 Mg 13-9 (4) FOR ETHYLENE-BROMIDE. Calculated value of K= 119. Carbon disulphide, CS 2 117 Chloroform, .... CHC1 3 118 Benzol, ..... C 6 H r 119 Ether, (C 2 H 5 ) 2 117 Arsenious chloride, Acetic acid, .... AsCl 3 CH 3 COOH 118 58 Ethyl alcohol, .... C 2 H 5 OH 57 (5) FOR BENZOL. Calculated value of E = 53. (51). Hexane, ..... C 6 H 14 51-3 Turpentine, C 10 H 1( . 49-8 Naphthalene, r XT ^10^8 50-0 Anthracene, .... r TT U 14 n iO 51-2 1027 TABLE LXXIVc. continued. Substance dissolved. Name. Formula. Chloroform, CHCL 5M Carbon tetrachloride, . CCL 51-2 ,, disulphide, . . . CS 2 49-7 Methyl iodide, . CH 3 I 50-4 Ethyl bromide, . Q 7 H 5 Br 50-2 ,, iodide, Ethylene chloride, C 2 H 5 I C 2 H 4 C1 2 51-6 48-6 Nitrobenzol, C 6 H 5 N0 2 48-0 Methyl nitrate, . CH 3 .N0 3 49-3 ,, oxalate, .... (CH 3 ) 2 C 2 4 49-2 ,, salicyiate, C 6 H 4 .OHCOOCH 3 51-5 Ether, .... (C 2 H 5 ) 2 49-7 Ethyl sulphide, . (C 2 H 5 ) 2 S 51-8 cyanide, . C. 2 H 5 CN 51-6 ,, formate, .... HCOOC 2 H 5 49-3 ,, valerate, .... C 4 H 9 COOC 2 H 5 50-0 Mustard oil, .... C 2 H 5 CNS 51'4 Nitroglycerol, Tri-butyrin, C 3 H 5 (ON0 2 ), (C 8 H 5 COO),C 8 H 5 49-9 48-7 Tri-olein, (C 17 H 33 COO) 3 C 3 H 5 49-8 Aldehyde, CH 3 COH 48-7 Chloral, CCLCOH 50-3 Benzaldehyde, . C 6 H 5 COH 50-1 Camphor, . C 10 H 16 51-4 Acetone, . Valeral, ..... CH 3 COCH 3 C 4 H 9 COH 49-3 51-0 Acetic anhydride, (CH 3 CO) 2 47-0 Santonin, . Hydrogen picrate, C 15 H 183 CH 2 (NO 2 ) 3 OH 50-2 49-9 Aniline, Codeine, NH 2 .C 6 H 5 C 17 H 17 (OCH 3 )OHN( ) + H 2 46-3 48-7 Narcotine, . C 22 H 23 N0 7 52-1 Thebaine, . C 19 H 21 NO 48-0 Sulphur chloride, 51-1 Arsenious AsCL ' 49-6 Phosphorous ,, PC1 3 47-2 Phosphoric PC1 5 51'6 Stannic ,, . SnCl 4 48'8 Methyl alcohol, .... Ethyl . CH 3 OH C 2 H 5 OH 25-3 28-2 Butyl C 4 HqOH 43'2 Amyl Phenol C 5 H U OH C 6 H,OH 39-7 32-4 Hydrogen formate, HCOOH 23-2 ,, acetate, valerate, CH 3 COOH C 4 H q COOH 25-3 271 benzoate, C 6 H 5 COOH 25-4 1028 TABLE LXXIVo. continued. (6) FOR NITROBENZOL. Calculated value of E = 69'5. Substance dissolved. E. Name. Formula. Benzol, ..... C 6 H 6 70-6 Naphthalene, .... C 10 H 8 73-6 Turpentine, .... C 10 H 16 69-8 Chloroform, .... CHC1 3 69-9 Carbon disulphide, . ; CS 2 70-2 Ether, (C 2 H 5 ) 2 CH 3 COOC H 5 C 4 H q COOC 2 H 5 C 6 H 5 COH CH 3 COCH 3 67-4 72-3 73-2 70-3 69-2 Ethyl acetate, .... ,, valerate, .... Benzaldehyde, .... Acetone, ..... Codeine, . C 17 H 17 (OCH S )OHNO + H 2 73-5 Arsenious chloride, AsCl s 67-5 Stannous ... SnCl 2 71-4 Methyl alcohol, .... CH 3 OH 35-4 Ethyl . . . C 2 H 5 OH 35-6 Hydrogen acetate, CH 3 COOH 36-1 valerate, C 4 H 9 COOH 42-4 benzoate, C 6 H r COOH 37-7 Where the values of E are much higher than the calculated magnitude, it is quite evident that dissociation or ionisation must have taken place ; and where the values are too low, polymerisation must have occurred. III. Vapour Tension, and " Ebullistic or Boiling Point " Method. (Beckmann's, etc.) Arrhenius' Law: "The rise (cK) of the boiling point (T) of a solvent, caused by dis- solving n gramme-molecules of a comparatively non-volatile substance in 100 grms. of the solvent, is directly proportional to n and the square of T ; and indirectly proportional to A, the latent heat of vaporisation of 1 grm. of the solvent." From this it follows that the formula is applicable also when d = Change of boiling temperature when p grammes of a substance are dissolved in 100 grms. of the solvent. Also, E = 0-02T 2 where T = Boiling temperature on absolute scale, A = Latent heat of vaporisation of 1 grm. of solvent at T. 1029 This law can be deduced from thermodynamical principles, but the full investigation would be out of place here, and we can only give such equations and tables as are likely to be useful in actual experimental work. If II denote the vapour pressure of the pure solvent at temperature T, n i ,, of a solution of a fairly non-volatile substance in such a solvent, then, n-n, jj- = a constant for same degree of concentration, and the value of such constant is quite independent of the temperature as long as the solution is dilute, and as long as the vapour pressure of the dissolved substance is an infinitesimally small quantity compared with that of the solvent at the same temperature. This law can be deduced from thermo- dynamical principles, and it has also been established experimentally. If n represent the number of molecules of the dissolved substance associated with N molecules of the solvent, we get The limiting value of C is evidently = 1, n-n n n - IL consequently we may put ~-]j[ - ]f+^f ** "U Employing p and M as in last section, p 100 "HI "Tool' - and ........ M= or, if w = weight dissolved n 1 gramme molecule of solvent, The great difficulty of measuring minute differences of vapour pressures, and the comparative ease of estimating changes in boiling temperature under constant pressure, has led to the adoption of the " Boiling Point " method in preference to the " Vapour Tension " mode of procedure. In using the Boiling Point method the temperature must be that of the liquid, and not that of the vapour. In addition to van't Hoff's formula, we have another approximate expression for E (Schiff, Tronter), viz., E = 0-00096TM, where M is the molecular weight of the solvent ; or, taking more exact values for the constants, E = 0-01976^ = 0-0009565MT. The equality of the two expressions depends on the equation-r^- = a constant = 20'658 very nearly, and for a large number of solvents. The following table includes nearly all liquids whose boiling points under 760 mms. pressure, and latent heats of vaporisation, are known. VOL. II. 3 U 1030 TABLE LXXIVD. Solvent. |, CO Value ofE. MA ;_ j> c^ A P js 'o 1 ^ S T Molecular j? H o o a Formula. o T 1 p OS o o p Br 2 159-5 61'55 43-694 50-21 51-04 20-83 Mercury, ..... Hg 200 350 62 123-70 119-18 19-90 Sulphur S 32 316 362 18-94 18-03 19-67 Phosphorus trichloride, . Stannic chloride, PC1 3 SnCl 4 137-5 260 78 -5 112 -5 51-42 30-53 47-98 96-18 46-23 95-91 20-12 20-59 Carbon disulphide, . CS 2 76 46 -2 86-67 23-23 23-20 20-63 ,, tetrachloride, CC1 4 153-5 76 -2 46-35 51-98 51-27 20-37 C fi H fi 78 80 -35 93-45 26-40 26-38 20*63 Toluol 6 6 C 7 H 8 92 110 -8 83-55 34-84 3377 20-28 Ethylbenzol, .... 106 134 -7 76-40 42-99 41-34 19-86 Metaxylol, . . . . 8 H 10 106 139 -9 78-25 43-05 4176 20-09 Propylbenzol, .... C 9 H 12 120 157 -2 71-75 50-97 49-38 20-01 Mesitylol, .... 120 162 -7 71-75 52"28 50-01 1976 Pseudocumol, .... C 9 H 12 120 168 72-80 52-57 50-62 19-81 Cymol, n Tj 10 14 134 175 66-30 59-82 57-43 19-83 Citron oil, .... C 10 H 16 136 176 -1 70-02 56-74 58-42 21-20 Terebene, .... Uioiijg 136 156 67-21 54-11 55-80 21-30 Chloroform, .... pTTpi 119-1 60 -9 58-49 37-66 38-04 20-87 Methyl iodide, .... Methylene chloride, . CH 3 I 3 CH 2 C1 2 141-5 84-7 42 -2 41 -6 46-07 75-40 42-71 25-94 42-66 25-49 20-68 20-30 Ethyl bromide, C 2 H 5 Br 109 38 -2 60-37 31-69 32-49 21-14 ,, chloride, Ethylene chloride, . C 2 H 5 C1 64-4 987 21 -17 58 89-30 66-30 19-15 32-65 18-12 31 -25 19-89 19-77 Ethyl iodide, .... C 2 H 5 I 155-5 71 -3 46-87 49-97 51-21 21-17 Diethylamine, NH(C 2 H 6 ) 2 73 58 91 23-79 23-11 20-07 Ether, fC H } 74 84 "50 OQ .*i A 91 -78 O A .01 Ethylene oxide, Methylal, C ? 2 H 5 4 6 C 3 H 8 2 / 4 44 76 13 -5 42 138-64 89-87 11-68 2T82 Zl /O 12-06 22-90 ZO ol 21-29 21-68 Chloral, CClgCOH 147'T 07 .9 r-i .AA Ethyl formate, HCOOC 2 H 5 1 rt / l 74 ' / z 53 -5 92-20 22-85 01 uy 23-11 20-89 Propyl ... HCOOC 3 H 7 88 81 -2 85-25 29-08 29-81 21-18 i- Butyl ... HCOOC 4 H 9 102 98 77 35-32 36-19 21-17 t'-Amyl ,, ... Methyl acetate, CH 3 COOCH 3 116 74 124 57 -3 71-65 93-95 43-19 22-94 44-05 23-38 20-93 21-05 Ethyl ,, ... Propyl ,, ... i- Butyl ... i-Amyl ,, ... Methyl propionate, . CH 3 COOC 2 H 5 CH 3 COOC 3 H 7 CH 3 COOC 4 H 9 CH 3 COOC 5 H n C 2 H 5 COOCH 3 88 102 116 130 88 77 102 -3 116 -8 142 80 83-07 77-30 69-90 66-35 84-15 29-14 36-00 42-95 51-29 29-26 29-46 36-61 43-25 51-60 2971 20-88 21-01 20-80 20-78 20-98 1031 TABLE LXXIVr. continued. Solvent. f tp Value of E. ^ a CO Mi 3ji 1 A. - \< H M.A. T "XT Molecular o V 4-> EH CO o CO Name. Formula. "o 0) o g p o b p b Ethyl propionate, C 2 H 5 COOC 2 H 5 102 987 77-10 35-51 36-26 21-15 Propyl ,, . . C 2 H 5 COOC 3 H 7 116 122 -6 71-50 43-25 43-89 20-96 t- Butyl ,, ... C 2 H 5 COOC 4 H 9 130 136 -8 66 50-28 50-95 20-93 i-Amyl ,, . . . Methyl butyrate, C 2 H 5 COOC 5 H n C 3 H 7 COOCH 3 144 102 160 -5 102 -3 63-05 77-25 58-89 36-03 5971 36-61 21-09 20-99 Methyl i- 102 92 -5 75-50 34-96 35-66 21-06 Ethyl ,, ... C 3 H 7 COOC 2 H 5 116 119 71-50 42-77 43-49 21-16 Ethyl t- ... 9 J 116 110 69-20 41-89 42-50 20-96 Propyl ,, ... C 3 H 7 COOC 3 H 7 130 143 -6 66-2 51-80 51-80 20-66 Propyl i- , ... i 130 134 63-9 51-22 50-61 20-41 i- Butyl ,, ... C 3 H 7 COOC 4 H 9 144 156 7 61-9 58-94 59-18 2070 i- Butyl i- , ... 144 148 -6 59-95 58-59 58-07 20-48 i-Amyl ,, ... C,H 7 COOC B H U 158 178 59-4 67-66 68-16 20-81 i-Amyl i- ,, t 158 168 57-65 66-66 66-64 20-65 Methyl valerate, C 4 H 9 COOCH 3 116 116 -3 69-95 42-81 43-19 20-84 Ethyl ,, ... C 4 H 9 COOC 2 H 6 130 134 64-65 5073 50-61 20-65 Propyl ,, ... C 4 H 9 COOC 3 H 7 144 155 -5 61-2 59-28 58-92 20-56 i-Butyl ,, ... i'-Amyl ,, ... C 4 H 9 COOC 4 H 9 C 4 H 9 COOC 5 H n 158 172 169 187 -5 57-85 56-2 6673 74-56 66-82 7576 20-68 20-99 i on either side of the standard quantity 2O658 : the values for the four following substances are very suggestive. In the preceding list all the values for - come within Solvent. i Value of E. | CO* MX M 1 A " 1 a ~T~ Name. Molecular Formula. "o S EH CO at t t I y Methyl chloride, CH 3 C1 50-4 -237 48-6 25-27 12-02 9-825 ... C 2 H 6 C1 2 100-8 -23 -7 48-6 25-27 24-04 19-65 Ethylene bromide, . 5 J ' C 2 H 4 Br 2 CH 2 Br 188 94 111 111 82-3 82-3 35-40 35-40 69-05 34-53 40-29 20-15 Hydrogen cyanide, . Chloral hydrate, HCN H 4 C 4 N 4 C 2 H 3 C1 3 2 J(C 2 H 3 C1 3 2 ) 27 108 165-1 55-03 26 26 96 -5 95 -5 57-1 57-1 132-3 132-3 30-94 30-94 20-39 20-39 772 30-08 58-35 19-45 5-156 20-62 59-11 19-70 1032 Water and the alcohols give seemingly abnormal values for _, as will be seen below ; also do some of the ethers, etc. Solvent. fl Value of E. ^ 3 CO H MA rfH ""O 1 A ! H < o Name. Molecular Formula. EH to 0> o jq b p b Water Methyl alcohol, H 2 CH.:OH 18 32 100 64 -5 535-9 267-48 5 8 13 41 6-42 10-33 25-86 25-36 Ethyl . . . CoH 5 OH 46 78 'I 205-07 11 88 15-45 26-86 Propyl (normal), . C 3 H^OH 60 97 -4 159-54 17 02 21-26 25-82 i-Butyl . . . C 4 H 9 OH 74 108 -4 132-68 21 66 27-00 2574 Amyl . . . C 5 H n OH 88 131 120 26 87 34-00 26-14 (tertiary), . C 5 H n OH 88 102 105-455 26 35 31-56 2475 Cetyl . . . C^H^OH Amyl ether .... (C 5 H n ) 2 242 344 158 176 58-48 128 69-4 57 66 40 142-82 67-86 22-93 24-42 For the organic acids, etc., the anomalies are greater and, perhaps, more inexplicable, as will be seen from the following examples : Solvent. - Value of E. ' jj Molecular p b 9 o Hydrogen formate, . HCOOH 46 100 -6 1037 26'61 16-44 12-79 ,, acetate, . CH 3 COOH 60 118 84'9 35-58 22-44 13-03 ,, butyrate. . C 3 H 7 COOH 88 164 114 33-10 36-78 22-96 ,, valerate, . Acetic anhydride, Methyl formate, C 4 H 9 COOH (C 2 H 3 0) 2 HCOOCH, 102 102 60 184 137 32 '9 103-52 66-1 117-1 41-75 50-25 15-79 44-58 40-00 17-65 23-10 16-44 22-96 Acetone, ..... CH 3 COCH 3 58 56 '6 125-8 17-13 18-29 22-45 It rarely happens that anything stronger than a 1 per cent, solution gives reliable results, and the vapour tension of the dissolved substance at the boiling temperature of the solvent should be very slight. Ostwald gives the following values for 100 E. Water, . . . 520 . 1150 1670 . 2110 2370 Ethyl alcohol, Acetone, . Ethylic ether, Carbon disulphide, Hydrogen acetate, 2530 Ethyl acetate, Benzol, Phenol, . Aniline, . Chloroform, Ethylene bromide, 100 E. 2610 2670 3040 3220 3660 6320 iv. These are identical with the values given by Beckmann, Zeitschr. /. physik. Chem., UO, etc. The variation of the atmospheric pressure complicates this method very largely, and, whenever available, the freezing point method is to be preferred. The following table, arranged from G. Tammann's investigations, is very suggestive as to the effect of higher concentration on the vapour pressure of aqueous solutions. 1033 JS > ? 4- d o o II S i a"" o o I o .2 S "O ^ 1O O CO p co w p co t-- co ob o 10 Oi "^ T-H . i co t^ oo CO C^ C^l p ip co ^H co CO I-H O C 1 ^ CO C^ 10 O 00 o ? 00 GO oo ip ip 10 -H OO 10 COlOCOOOCOOOO^CO -^ t CO C5 GO l>- O5 C5t>- OO C5 CD t i * OO O ^ CO CO CO C^ i i O o co oog^r^Hpipcp ppop^ - s s o o p oo ip co cp oo 1O CD Oi 00 CO 1O cp p p p cq co ^ co COl>-(MOOOlOiOcOT i -*1O1O^1O-*^-*^ C5 C5 ^ CO ppipipcp^cppcpt>.p C5C.cc>cocr>co CO^T 'OOiCSt-t'COOOOO p cp co ci poo -^qqc^pqoopt-pqopoo (Mi I *> oooio O O 00 CO CO 1C O t^-I-HlOO lO C- f-^J O CO CO 03 (M icioio CM T IT-HI 1 ppoop 4n i i i i co oo op cp o op ic ip CO Oi CO Oi Ol IH QO O Oi 00 IO CO CM CO I I I ( I t , I rH CO ic ,-1^-1^ COCMCNCNCM OOO tp chibco co CMOCS cs PPPPpC<|tpr-HlpCppppb-Cq COCN" r?000 O C ^ L_ > _ L (7" "~H i ^( < ri *$: f_i r~) rS v ^ c/j "^ rr> ^*-^ ^ ^ !z ^ ^o o o O o PP pq H,^02 M ffi M W ^^rtjrgMjSM-ssMag^Ba i * 1036 s p 00 i-H . CO ~ * p p p c^ ^ cb ib cb CS C5 00 CO O p 00 p p CO CO i-H O1 -'M CO 1"- GOt COCOON -** 1 -^^"^ oo o p p p P P O l^ CO OO O AH CO ^H Oi OO 1O O C5 O I 1 I I r ' 00 ^D ^^ OO Oi 00 *O lO iO ^^ (^^ lO O^ ^** iO icq i (OOiOOOOO^H N CO CO C5 CO 00 t>- CO t Tfl i 1 -^jH i 1 Cv| t>- r 1 i 1 r 1 2S SSSS^SS^S OOOr-HOt-COOQCni->^10' iCMOSCM^O - lOOcOCOC^CO^i I1OCOCOIOO1OCO^ r i C^T i 1 - ' i ( r 1 i-H r 1 ed. Formula. "o%%o,oOd&o:c>,o J* I of 4m 1 1 M 9 cu " ja, S s Jz; 1-1. a .2 | | I.I ! Ill sl| w . c a .2 .5 c s 'S s en 1 1 .2 1 i s 1 i "3 ~ i |||l|||||||i|lf.l d -2 ^ g a ^a^ a. 2 s ^ ! a a-2 a d.s a.5 a g g-3 R.l|l 1 I i-g-gj | gl ^|^^||^2-g 1037 1O r-1 -HHppO P'* O5 b- O5 ib cb b- CM 00 OOlO COlOt^O COCO i i r-H CMCMCMCO CM(M OS b- pOpp OO CO CO 00 O b O O5 "^ ^CM O5r-HCMO OOCO p 1O r I CO CO l>- CO O O O r-H r ( ^ lO O5 r-H OO pcpb-cx))O poib-p qp -^pcppip cpcppp pcM^GO O lO O5 b- >O CO CO GO lO r^ O b CO b lO 4^ lO b b CO CO CO O5 r I T^ CMO r-H^Hr-iCMO CO^iOCO -^ -<*ilOb-lOt^ b-b-GOCC COCOl^-CO pcppoopcppGOpr-Hcpippipcp cMoob-cMCp c>qppcp cpipc-TO ^lOOOOr iiOi-H-^iociocococMco oooob-O5 cboscM^ cocococo b-COCOb-b-b-b-lOiOCMCMCO^iOCO COCOlOCO'* ^HlOiOiO CMCM^IO CpplpCMCpCppCpCpCppplpplpplp pcoippcp r-HCppO rHOCOO cMOO5cbr^Hcb?bocbcM-^ocboo5CMcb ibocood 4^cbcb^H -^I-^CM^ COCOfMCOCOCOCOCMCO ' < CM CM CO i ' ' 10 co t oo oo co 10 r I 1 I .asoopp cbcbooiboascbcbocb ooas^coooococor-icq r-1 ^ r^H ^H IO CO t- O CO I cqoc-t co co ooooot- as > i o as lOCOt-OO pppppp^ copt^qs cocbt-ccb . 9 s-1 a a 1 a 1 1 1-1 9 1 s 1 1 1 g I !l 1039 TABLE LXXIVF. Prof. Ramsay, from observations on the diminution of vapour pressure of mercury, obtained the following results for the various metals : Molecular Weight calculated. Atomic Weight = 16. Molecular Weight Atomic Weight calculated. = 16. i Li 7-1 7-03 Al 33-1- 36-7 27-1 Na 21-6-15-1 23-05 Ga 69-7 70 K 30-2-29-1 39-15 Sb 136 - 301 120-2 Mg 24-0-21-5 24-36 Tl 197-6-163-6 204-1 Ca 19-1 40-1 Bi 214 - 232 208-5 Ba 75-7 137-4 Sn 117-4-149-5 119-0 Mn 55-5 55-0 Pb 200 - 250 206-9 Zn 65-4-70-1 65-4 Ag 112-4 107-93 Cd 103-8-99-7 112-4 Au 207-4-208-1 197-2 The approximations, though not very close, indicate very emphatically that metals io mercurial solution tend to form monatomic molecules. IV. Distillation of Mixed Liquids. If a mixture of two liquids distils over at temperature T in proportion of Q x : Q 2 , and If the vapour pressures of the two liquids at T are IIj and II 2 respectively, and if d l and d z be the vapour densities of the two bodies, .-. Q! : Q 2 = n i ^ 1 : H 2 c? 2 . (Gay-Lussac, Wanklyn, Berthelot, etc.) Now, if the molecular weight of one (f^i^ be known, that of the other can be easily calculated from Naumann's formula This formula assumes that the vapour density of each constituent of the mixture is normal at the temperature T, but such is never the case, and the method is at best only roughly approximate, and of more value as a contribution to chemical theory than as a working method. With such liquids as water, benzene, etc., whose vapour pressures are known for various temperatures, the vapour pressure (IT 2 ) of the other substance may be taken as = Barometric pressure - IIj. Naumann's formula is useful for calculating molecular weights from the results of steam distillations and other analogous operations, but the results are only roughly approxi- mate. Better results may be obtained as follows : where d l = density (here either weight of 1 litre, or "vapour density," referred to air or hydrogen) of the substance of known molecular weight at temperature T and under the pressure TL V and d% = corresponding value for the second substance under the pressure II 2 . 1040 For example, taking the data used by Beilstein : In the steam distillation of naph- thalin at 98'2 C. (cor.) and barometric pressure of 733 (cor.), the distillate consisted 49-4 grms. of water and 8'9 grms. of naphthalin. Here n = Tension of aqueous vapour at 98'2 C. = 712'27 mms. (Table LIXA), n =733 - 712*27 = 20*73. ' <^=Weight of 1 litre of water vapour at 98-2 = 0'57043 grms. (Table LXVIU), 0-57043x8-9x712-27 ' d * = 49-4x20-73 Correcting to the standard pressure of 1 metre of ice-cold mercury, we get the density of the hypothetical vapour of naphthalin at 98'2 C. under 1000 mms. pressure 0-57043x8-9x1000 -19-4^26-73- =4 ' 9575 ' According to Table LXlE. the molecular volume at 98'2 C. is 23'070056, and conse- quently molecular weight of naphthalin = 4-9575 x 23-070056 = 114'37 ; or using Naumann's formula 18-016 x 8-9 x712-27_ m . 59 49-4x20-73 PART IV.-ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY. IN the following tables every possible precaution has been taken to ensure the strictest accuracy, and it is hoped that errors which have escaped detection are, at the very worst, few and insignificant. The factors, multiples, logarithms, etc., have been calculated to as many decimal places as the author deemed necessary for the very finest analytical work ; for ordinary work, technical and commercial, considerably fewer decimals will suffice. The values for the atomic weights adopted in the calculation of these tables are those given by the International Committee at the commencement of the year 1904, the standard being 0=16. As far as the more important elements are concerned, these values are likely to remain unaltered, and only those for the most rare and recently discovered substances are at all likely, at anything like a moderately early date, to undergo any appreciable modifications. As far as the ordinary daily routine of commercial and technical work is concerned, the author ventures to hope that these tables may prove of permanent value. 1041 go c r-l 1^- IO kO OO O> OO T-H O r-t CO OiOOlOOJCOOi T-lCOkOOOOC^l OOi lOiOi^lCO ^OSOSOOOOSt-* COTjli-HOCOt^OOCO CM tO CO Oi CO OS t^- OSOOCOOOCOOSCOCO -f CO CM CO CO OJ CO COMiOSOSi-HCMOO ^-^TjiCOOCNCO r^oo^^oofr-^->m (MCNOOCMCOCOOS Or-IOOT-tOJt^ COvOCOOOCOi liO iovokoco t- C^l CO r-( O 05 . co r- -*i co o kO CN O CO -* CO to 00 CO i5 O Ol CO * kO t>- Tf CO CO OO CO CO O CO ^C^i^^OOCO T iCO.l-N.OO-'tfi r- I CO O vOOOr-tOOOi liNOJ COOl >O-^< kO CM GNcocococNcbrH^ CM i i I-H CO -^ COrHOOOSOCMCO ^HOOOSO>OSrHt>- J-H i^- io o csi co ** co to "^ r^ os i^^ oo co C^ CM t^- OS rH OO OS CO lO "^ CO CM OO O CO I^OOOSOSOOCOO -<* O O i I CO CO i i t^ -H CO CO OS CO kO CO -* TjIkOOCOOCOCO CO CNi-ii-HCOCO^CO T** 'T 1 fr~ *? ? ^ 9* CMCOCMOOCMCOi-HCM CMCOCOOCOTj- Tf CO kO OO r-H "^ l> GO i-H I-H CO OS "^ !> SosO^HCO'-OCOCOOO 5 i-H CM CO OO kO 10 CO COOOCOOOOOOOSOi co-^oococooot^ Oi-tOOCOCO r-ICOrHCOT-H t^O i 1 OS 1^. 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TO CN O CO CO CM O CO CM T* "* t^ CM O O r- 1 CO CO -* -^ 00 i-H 00 I-H rH 05 00 00 rH CM OO O CM *^ CO T-H rH rH CM COkpipiOrHrHCOCpOOCpOO Cr-^lCOrHCMr-lOOT-HrH r icoooi i O O O T-H CN T i 10 I-H i i cq !>. CO CO O O O CO T-H t^ t^ OS O "* O O * * Tt< VO CO rH-*C3S TUVOCpOOT-H CM CO CO \n co OO CO IO CO O vn OO ift CO CO OS CO t OS !> CM 1^ * r-i CD 05 01 CN T-HOO ' COOOSCOt^ CM CO OO O1 *# ir; co o co co O i>- oo os rH rH rH rH CM 1057 T* CO 00 US O 10 O rH CO CO US CO kO CO CO t^ 00 CO OO US OS -H rH rH rH CO CO O CO CO CO t 00 *-- OuSOSrHOOOCOCOOSCOCO Ol^Ot^O^OSCOkOCOrH oo t^ C-l CO 05 CO CO CO o M< >c-. o co US CO CO CO 00 OS O rH O kO US CO US CO OO CO t^ rH CO US CO -* OS -* OO OS CO O CO 05 US rH CO US O5 OO CO CO -f rH US CO rH OO t>- ri rH CO CO CO CO -* Tjl I-H CO rH I-H -H/1 kO CO CO OS CO CO CO i-H OS CO OO CO O CO US CO t^ rH I>- OO 00 O ^1 TJ* OO tO US O CO tO -H 00 t^ tO CO CO 00 -* OS t^ to to to co co us CO OO kO !>. CO CO to co o os os >* co so MI us i>- co CO-^rHrHCOCOCOCOCOCOCO 00 CO I-H CO to us co us t^ kO OO O i 1 rH OO t^ US ^ CO CO CO CM to t- rj< to OS US OS US CO OO Ml rH CO t^ OS CO CO rH OO CO M< M< OO CO MI rH CO .1^. tO CO OO rH OS 05 O'-OOCO^OOOCOUSkOO OSk005C005COCOOOOOtOrH T* O OS **3< rH CO rH CO CO OS CO 1^- O rH 00 00 M< to CO CO CO !>. 05 OS CO O US Mt CO US CO Mi CO M< CO rH C0 ^,r^ OO C-l Ttl CO 1^. rH 00 OO O O O CO rH (^ CO 05 CO O i^ 10 oo t^ t^ TJ< l^ CO US OO rH i-H US CO CO OO US rH CO t^ OS O kO rH OO -Si US CO -- CO O t tO os co o us CO CO tO CO OS T* CM tO I-H t^ CO US CO t^ CO 00 O Tf CO CO rH O t^ OO CO *^ CO CO t^ CO -ji rH ^ CO CO - i CO 00 t~- M< co to t"- to co CO CO CO MI O CO COt^COOCOCOOOCOCOrHCO l>.t^.OOOOCOOSCOCOO<-H^- l OSI^rHCOtOrHOS-TfOSOOCO 227670 139922 00 CO 00 O CO CO US CO M< kO CO CO O CO O CO O O OS M< OO M< CO O OS M< CO rH OS OS OS 00 t^. t- CO CO US 1^ I-H US O O O CO OS kO CO O O rH rH CO OS OO CO O US O OS 00 CO I-H CO CO O CO O CO CO CO -* US * T* O O CO ^S?2S CO CO ^ OS O US CO OO CO CO T* t^ CO t>- OO t-. rH CO O Tjt CO i 1 -* CO CO rH 00 t^ tO 00 rH rH CO CO tO tO CO CO CO tO CO CO ^ CO CO CO CO M< CO US rHCOrHrHrHCOCNCOCOrHC-1 ^ US rH CO M< M< to M< us rH Tjl 00 OO OS -^ CO * OS rj( rH CO OS CO CO CO US *>. rH rH CO rH OS O M- CO Ml US 05 CO rH CO US US M< CO rH CO CO -0 Ml rH rH rH (M OO CO O CO o M< oo oo co MI CO CO CO CO US M< CO-^OCOrHt^kOCOtOCOCO OSCOCOCOOO-'J'OSCOCOOSCO COCOOSrHCOOO-*rHkOUSOS l-HCOOrHrHrHCOCOCOrHrH -* rH kO US 00 rH US CO ^-i rH CO t CO O rH CO rH i-H CO OS OS CO CO l^. rH 05 O M CO t^ CO M< CO t^ US CO 00 M< US O TP< CO IO CO US rH CO CO 05 CO CO 0- CO kO CO O * 00 CO OS OS C5 US CO -0 CO to rH rH CO CO CO CO t>.^. O rj< t^ rH US rH -w CO US CO CO CO OO MI l^ rH US 10 CO CO US t->. rH US OO Tf 00 CO CO CO CO CO O rH CO 4* CO rH rH t^ 00 CO 00 rH 00 Mi rH CO O CO US OS to MI M* co CO t-~ rH O OS SO CO CO O -P rH CO t>. CO050OCOOSrHUSOOOt^.i-H COrHCOkOOSCOOSOSCOCOO CO 00 to o CO t^ ss to o co o co O 00 OS O CO CO rH US rH CO CO O 00 OO M< CO O CO t^ rH US CO US OS CO CO rjl t^ rH US OO ^f rH CO -^ kO OO t^. to co os co co US 00 CO 05 CO rH OO CO OO *>- t^ t>- Tt CM t-~ rH US O US US rH CO T* 00 00 CO CO OO rH -^1 O t~- t- us rH CO i-H CO CO CO CO t^ CO O O CO rH -^ O CO rH rj< CO CO CO OS O O Ml US t^ CO CO O CO CO * t^ tO t^ CO 00 ril^oo. OS OS CO CO US t>- M< CO t^ 05 t~- iO O5 J>> CO OO O o to co co MI <* Ml rH CO US CO OO CO CO 05 10 M OS t^^ US rH IO O". OO CO CO O OS I-H OSCO^tO-^fOOCOOSOSCOO COUS'^'t^.COCOCO^HOtOCO t^ O t^ co 11 US M< CO O O M< M< i OO CO liliS OO US CO CO CO -* I-H co co m o OS OS O US O CO US OO CO OS CO O OO CO OS CO OO t^ OO 00 CO Tt kO US t>. rH tO OS CO O CO 00 r* t-- o ** t^ CO CO t^ CO CO O CO 00 TjH O5 US CO rt< US O CO CO Ml CO OO US t> CO OO O CO Ml CO i-H CO CO Ml US CO to oo o o co os rH CO OO i-H O OO tO CO US CO rH rH rH i-H rH CO CO CO oo ^ CO CO CO CO CO to oo rjt * us oo co co I-H T* kO t^t^ CO CO M< OO rH O5 US r^ US tO t^- *> M* I-H US rH t^ CO CO CO US l-H CO t O O rH M< rH O T* CO rj< O5 tO CO OrHCOCOOSCOt^^COCOr-! OOCO-^kOCOOSCOO-Ml OS CO C^ (M O l> CO OO US O US oo o us co os OS rH rH OO US OS O l^ CO CO rH CO rH OO CO rH OS t^ t^ US US 00 CO O CO CO * CO t-- CO kO t>. -* rH OS OS OS t^ rH t^ rH J>- CO CO OS CO t>- O M< M< O rH -* t^ OS O t^ rH 00 OO g^^S5 S3 US OS CO CO rH CO tO OS 00 O CO OO O CO iO CO rH t^ CO 00 CO OS CO 00 kO *>. t^ rH rH CO OO US CO Ml CO * CO tO CO rH rH rH rH rH CO CO OrHOOOOrHrHrHOO CO rH CO i-H CO rH CO US CO CO CO CO CO CO rH OO O M US US rH CO CO OS . tO CO US CO r~ TH oo co -* o J-~. OO rH rH t~ 1-- ISllllliiSI os us O OO CO CO t^ O O CO t^ CO M< CO COOrHrnfo t> US rH CO CO US OS -^ US 1^- O rH CO -* CO OS CO US 00 *<# c*\n CO US t-^ CO rH I-H CO I-H rH CO M< 05 CO CO CO OS O rH t^ rH l^- O CO t^ CO OS tO OO 05 CO !>. "* COt^COOOCOrHCOOkOCO^ co oo O rH rH CO rH OS CO Ml CO 00 rH CO 05 OS i-H t^ CO CO CO O CO -* CO O CO OS CO rH l^ CO US rH O rH OS O US OS 00 CO t rH US O rH rH rH OrHOOOOOOOOO rjl t^ CO rfl CO CO CO <* i-H rH kO r~ CO CO CO rH rH C"J oo co os co r^ us CO OS O O CO CO "*COrHrHrHrHkOl>.COOOCO CO rH US Tj* CO CO rH CO tO CO O t^ CO 00 rjl CO CO 00 US US i-H ^ CO OS CO CO O US -rt" O M< OS O rH CO O O iO CO CO OO CO CO O OO CO CO Tfl co ^ -f co oo r>- OOCOCOOSCOOi IkOCOCOCO COUSrHi lCOCO^**CO-- US CO Tj< O 05 CO US -f O kO t^ 00 -^ O OO rH OS O CO CO OO ** CO rH CO OS rH O CO CO O rH CO o us -^ co CO rH OS >0 * OS <* OS 10 CO ^f O kO rH rH rH CO rH -Hi US OS OO T* US CO tO kO M< O OS OS rH US 00 00 CO f^. OO 10 rH OS l^ CO US CO M< t^ O t-~ t^ t^ CO OS O M< US t^ Ml OO CO rH CO C-l t^ OO O co co CO CO CO CO CO ~- TTI r i * O I COCOOCOt t^t t t OOCOCOIO-*JI CO ^< i I CO r-H ** ^ u~ CO *O OO CO r-H TJ< d OS OS O5 CO ^ CO CO OS CO lO r-H rH t Ol t CO r-H VO r-H i-H T^ VO OO ^ CO ^ll-'Tl'NCO^'" r-H r-H r-l r-H r-H r-H r-H r-H rt> kft -.O I s - OO CO CO ^- OS OO Oi CO I COOSrJIOOCOOSCOCOOiCOO CO r I VO CO OO iT5 lOr-HC-icO'-Hj r i op t^ os op uir-icpO5'**iO5po-**iO5-'*iiposc<) co os t^ os *< as CO CO 1O CO t O r^ J CO r-1 rH rH r-l r-H OO CO ^ ^ fN O CO O3 OO i^ OS O rt O iO 1O "*f C^ C^J OS ^ kO O OS CO O IO OS O O OS t* t^ OS TO CO H^ r-H lA t^ C^ OO I O t CO "^ ^ *^ l' N * O OS I r I OO IO OS iO O-l X^- t s * "*f t OO OO "^ t CO 7C r-H Oi OO r-H t t O4 C^I ^^ O OO O OO CO r-H OS O OO J C^ OO CO r-H O O CO O5 ^ CO t *O rH O5OS(NCOI C^IOi-Hi IOSr-HrHr-O C<)Cr5OOO COCO(Mpooop co i p i- oo c^ op i o cp o> oo o o c-j-^cpcotpoo r-i r- T-H C^ I-H _ OO CO t CO ^ (N OOOOr-HOOSt OCSIO(MOC. CO -^fi r I 'O OO i ( :M r-H rH oi -H0500OC^ ^IQOSCO^CO OS C> OO Tji OS OS t t-* r-H O CQ T 1 T 1 os os T*< i oo t OOOr^H (NC^OlCO-^CNCOr^HAHr^HtNrH^-r-l OOr^Hr^HAHOq C^ICOCp Or-HCOt-ljHOJ J>. ,_| Tjl -f( ,-H OO O OO 1O OO G^ CO OO Tfl T5 -5t( I rj' OS CO CO O O i I O CO OO t I-H O iaOS(Nt~COt- OO OO i-H LO CO OS -^ "^ t^. OO O5 CO 11$ 2 IP I-H O i-H CO t- IO CO i-HOCOOl-.COl COt COCOOSOCO OOr lOlCOOr-HOOOSOSOt I OS i-H t (N CO (M 1 r-H -* r-H O Tj< O 00 CO r-H CO I-H OS ^ \Q !>. OO OS O (N CC 05 OS O 1^ co os 10 co r^. co CO CO 00 05 OS i-H rH W IM (N (N (N r- rH rl r-( r-4 rH ^H (N (N ^ (N (N (N . i I T I O> i I O SO m (N o I 00 -^i (Oii iv5 COU"iOCOQOi>-COOO> GOOO-^>^TiO>T^i^SoO !^-COOOO oot^coooocoosco . (NOiOiOOOO T lOOOt^.O5OWTi -^iriiursc^ 0 T i O O O3 Oi OO? 1 O i 1 OOOCOt-HOOOiOOOO ^-i Or- lt>.OOOOkOOO?O Or-.rHrHrH,-HOO i(iOCCi-Hi iCOi ( i I O O i I O< IT IT IC<1C^COOOT-HT IT I OOOOrHO/-ir-.OO OOOOr-iOOOO oji^ O (M CM oo I-H >n oo o T-H OilOC^COO OOO OCOOOOi IOO-OOOIO !>. T 11^. OS05T-HCOO5OOOOOO OOT-H(N T Ii ICMCOCO OStNCOlATOr-iVOT-lOT-H rH ^5^ iS^lS-figiiSl- i* B ^ *&**xx : O O 1060 1 OSCOfkOOSiOfMOCOCOCOOO-M - CDOCOrHOOVO(MCOeOO f>. O lO CO **< O TO "* rHrH 10 CO OO 'N (N 05 O O5 CO O rH CO rH CNI - COCOOOO5O5rHTj(COOr-HCOt-lCT l-^ CO O rH rH CO O5 OO CO 1 1 I 1 05 CO OOrHrH(N(Mr-(rH,O5q5OCOCOCOCOCOOI~I^.OO O CN OO OOO rHC. rH SS S'S 05 I I 3 Z 3 ; S H 1061 1 r-. OS tO CO O 00 05 tO CO <* rH I-H CO tO OO O to Ci rH p CO rH OS Ci 07; * O to i OO - 1^ (M t^ CO l>- t>. OS CS C<> CO p ^* CO O rH CO OO OS oo CO CO * OS O CO OS O OO CS CO O 00 O 7-1 CO TJ r-i tO QO CO CO 00 -* co Os oo t*- i co <>] co t C<1 1 O ** CM t O O O "-O ** T* CO tOt CO to to Ci CO O i IQOtO COrHOTOl rHCOl COrHOO t~ t^-. rH O OS CD OS CO OS O -* CS co ^ co r- t (M Ci OS CO CO t^ * CS OO CO t^ X O O 10 CO 1C "-C CO O r I rH 00 CO O ^ rH CO * ip CO rH Af -* O CO CO -* CO l^ 00 VO 10 C^ I-H :N in 5 CO CO O OS O CO CO CO O kO OS rH O t^- CS CO QO CO O IO OO O OS rjf O (N tO 00 O Tj t>- CS H M C. t^ I - t- TO OO CO rH OS O (M 10 co co os ip os cs cp O rH OS OO OSOOOtOCOtOOSO-HHrHCO CO CO CO CO T-H t G O CO Ci O O Tjt O to OO tO 00 O (M CO 00 l>~ f yi * O O \~ o; >~ i" co os -M T) Ci to CN O O to - 'N 1^ CO O rH CO rH CO CO T* (N O t^ tO O * (M rH t>- Ci CO rH tO 05 +< CO '^ CS *M ^1 OO to t^ - OO **! (N rji to t^ O (N OS O CO - CO OS OO CO *-*-* CO OO O rH O O CO p ri cp tp cp os CO CO CO (N (M (N tO rH t co -^*< OS OS OS - tO CO OO t^ CO rHO-^C- CO CO C<1 O r- !>. OS OO >O CO t>- rH CO CO 1C 10 rH O CS CO CO Ci O 00 ^ T to OO O O CO oo to co CO TTI tO O to 10 CO rH CO rH -M 1 tO -^l CO CO -<*<-<* 05 Tf< rH rH CO tO O CO CO CO ** OS CO CO O3 O -^*< OO **< lO CO CO O OS to rH O OS OJ Cvl CO t COCO"* TjiiCir-.rH t CO CS CO rHOOCOOS tOrH-TjI-^OSCO'-Hr-'i ICOr- l-^f< Otot rHcjOtOtOtOCOt 9t OO O OS (M COCOOO CO tO tO CO CS co c; co oo tO O OS OS CO r- ^ CO CO (N 00 05 CO to OS CO CO to CO CO r^S S5 00 00 to t CO CO * rH tO (N ~* OO I ^ rH rH TtH (N CO rH rH 00 CO t OO CO 1 CO CO t^ -* rH CS CO oo o; o to r-l "H t CO I CO Oi CO tO 1 Ci S-1 (M ^ 00 CO C^J CO OS O "* Ci tO rH 00 CO t rn CO >0 O 00 OS t* t CO 00 O CO co i i r o o -ti co oo **! o * t>- C^l CN "* O O rH -f C<1 OS o t t OO O CO tO rH CO i :N TJI CS C- O rH CO r-" C3 -^ CO "<* T*( CO to (N ** t to t rH OS tO Tjt CM tO to OS -t CO -* 05 CO !> I OS I (N O! OS kO CO ^ O rH CO (M I 00 CD rH O CM CO !M rN oo os co CO OS tO CO CO rH Tjt CO to -^ oo <*< rH" t o oo co ;N o to oo r- cc <* * os i- re co O oo CO OS OS CO 00 OS CD lO OS " CC t co co co i i -. CO O O CS tO CO tO CO T*I O * Oi C<> CO r- rH 00 1 I CS O 00 O O rH 00 t ** O CO OO lO 10 tO O CO rH I CO CS tO * CO CO OS OS t CO CO OO OO O rH 01 CO O lrHrHOOOOOOOOO !M (M (M rH (N (N (N rH rH o + q. , O O a a QQ CQ I* I o t> 1062 8 I e 1 CM CO kO CO O -*i kO SkOCOCOOkOOOkOt^OOrHOi^kOt^CO COt^^COCMOSOOOCOCOOCOr-IOO-^kO OO'S >-l>rHt>.O-^OSi i-^flCOkO << 00 CO CO CO sss kO OS CM CSS OOOI- OOCOO COCOt>.kOO5i-~-COO5Ttl OS *< l^ O kO CO CMOOI^COr-ppCpOO rHrHT-HCOrHkO !>. CO OS t^ rH OS rH kO CO CO 00 O CO 10 05 -. CM O O O f^ CO kO CO CO CO CO cp CM O !>. rf .OOO'-He6OCO6o r i i-H -J I-H k co (N CM OS CM OO 1^ rH CO T# i-H kO CM rH -tf CO OS 10 CO rH CO IO "* OO rH rH rH rH (M rH CO kO OS CO CO O OSkO 5 2 ^ CM CO kO COrH -* o rH OO CO l-~ CM CO CO -* CO t^ CM OO t^ CM CM ^ o t^ to co co CO * 00 kO CO CM 00 CM ^ CM CO i-H CM rH CO I-H M< CO *< * CO * 1^- CM kO OS CO kO O 05 CO CO CC kO kO CO kO 1^- ^ kO Tt< rH CO 00 OS -5T1 00 rH CO 00 OO O CO >. I-H -^t< O OS O i I CO i I r^ rH CM O O 00 O rH CO U3 t-~ rH CM O CO r- CO 05 kO O t-~ t^ os i* r^ co o oo dH OO OS CO t^ OS kO rH CO O t^ CO 00 CO CM CO rH O OS CO kO CO O CO CMOOasCC>O Tti kO l^- CM OS OS Mi Oi kO CM OS OS t^ CO CO CO ^ M< kp rj< CO CO OS r- t^- t^ m CM CM m CM CM 00 rH rH Tf< O Tfl rH OO * CO CO 00 CM Tti CO 00 O CO Tjt OS t O CO CO CO CM OO rH i-H CO O kfl Tf( OS CO CO l-^ CM CO CM Ttl OS O5 SO I-H kO O i-H CM 00 CO 00 i ItOOOCOCOOSCOOOasOkOOO-^CNC^rHT-H CMrHt>-OSrHOCMOkOrHi cCOCOCOCOOTjl COCOTtlt^4t- OS kO I-H M< CM 00 rH CO 00 I-H CM SO CO rH -rt< 00 rH CO 00 T}i CM CO CO CO O CO rH CO T*1 CO 00 CM CO rH 00 O kO t^ CM O *<*i CO CO CO (M Tj< OO ri 000 00 CM COCOOOCO-^COCMVOCOkOCOrHCOOi i-*OO OrHrHOOOCOOS^t i-HC1COkOOOCMO CM CO CO CO CM CO CM t^ CO l^ 00 r-H t OS CO 1^- 10 OS CO CO CO CM t^ CM p cp OS ^* C>1 kO CO kO 00 CM rn t * OO O CM 00 CO r^ OO CM -* CO OS O kO rH kO t^ CM OS rH CO CO OrH-rf CppCOOSpCOrHOCMkOkpCOCpCpOOpCM rH^JtkO I ICOGMCOt-*-COrHrHrH!-HCMrHrHCOOrH> I t^ i rH 00 OO 1^. GO OS O I-H O5 t^. rH r^SS t*"* I-H OS r < OO ^ 1^ r^ cp os rH CM CO rj< CM _H CO CM O O1 rH CM rH rH CO CO rH kO Ttl CO t^ M< CO O5 kO t^ CM O t^ o r- oo co o CO CO OS ^. O t- Or-.^H OCMCM OrH rHrHCOrHlOOOOrHOOr-lOOO i 1 kO * OS CO CO O !>. CM CO >O OS O OS l^. CO OO CO ^t 1 O I-H rH CM rH Us g2 JhT x OS CO CO CO CM t^- OS CO kO rH \O O t>. i-H kO rH Tf T^< kO t~- CO CO * Tf< OS CO CO kO CO -* I-H M< "^ O OS OS t^ CO O Oi CM CM CO CO "* OS rH CM CM rH Aq CM rH COCMOCM OSOJrfiCOOkCOOkOkO I^iOCO-*CO ^O rH *>. i i OS 00 CO t^ CO CO co co t^ co t- 00 rH CM CO rH I-HrHrHCMr-irHCMrHrHrH rHCMCMCMCM OOf^OS^CMrJirHrHOSOCMCM.-HOOOO rHOCMkOCMl>.t^.OODOi IOOOSCMCOl>-l- " 1063 TABLE LXXVs (1). Volumetric Analysis. The first column gives the formula of the substance to be estimated ; the second column gives in milligrammes the weight of the substance corresponding to each centimetre cube of decinormal solution ; and the third column contains the logarithms of the numbers in column 2. By taking for assay as many decigrammes as there are mgms. represented in column 2, N each c.cm. of solution will correspond to 1 per cent, of the substance whose formula is given in column 1. For example, if one wished to ascertain the percentage of Na 9 C0 3 in soda crystals, one would weigh out exactly 5 '305 decigrammes, i.e., 0*5305 grm., of the N crystals, dissolve this amount in water and neutralise with acid : each c.cm. of acid required will represent 1 per cent, of ^a 2 C0 3 in the crystals, so that, if it needed 37'8 c.cms. acid, the crystals would contain 37*8 per cent, of Na 2 CO 3 In this way all trouble in calculating out the results of volumetric determinations can be avoided. This Table B (1) gives all the normal values for precipitation, acidimetry, alkalimetry, oxidation, reduction, and iodometric methods ; some slightly abnormal values are given in Table B (2). Formula of Substance to be estimated. Weight, in mgms., of Substance = 1 cm. 3 Solution. Logarithm. Aluminium A1-, 0-9033 1-9558480 AlBr 3 + 6H 9 0, 12-50253 1-0969980 AlClg, 4-4483 0-6481973 A1C1 3 + 6H 9 O, 8-05153 0-9058787 A1 9 1-7033 0-2312996 A1(OH) 3 , '. ! 2-60413 0-4156632 A1P0 4 , 4-07 0-6095944 A1 2 (S0 4 ) 3 , . . . A1 2 (S0 4 ) 3 +18H 9 0, .... (NH 4 ) 2 A1 2 (S0 4 ) 4 + 24H 2 0, . 5-7063 11-11113 15-11613 15-81873 0-7563571 1-0457583 1-1794406 1-1991716 Na 2 Al 2 (SO 4 ) 4 + 24H 2 6, 15-28206 1-1841820 Antimony Sb , 4-0066 0-6027832 SbBr 3 , 12-0026 1-0792777 SbCl 3 , 7-5516 0-.8780428 SbF Q , 5-9066 0-7713424 3' Sb 2 3 , ... 4-8066 0-6818440 Sb 9 S 3 , ...... 5-6096 0-7489370 K 9 Sbo0 9 (C 4 H 4 6 ) 2 + H 2 0, . Sb , . .... 22-1593 2-404 1-3455566 0-3809345 SbCl 5 , 5-949 0-7744440 ' SbF 5 , 4-304 0-6338723 Sb 2 5 , 3-204 0-5056925 Sb 2 S 5 , 4-007 0-6028193 1064 TABLE LXXVs (I). continued. Formula of Substance to be estimated. Weight, in mgms. , of Substance = 1 cm. 3 Solution. 10 Logarithm. Arsenic As-", As 4 6 , As 4 S 6 , . . Na 9 HAsO 3 , Na 2 HAs0 4 +12H 2 0, As , As 2 5 , . As 2 S 5 , Barium Ba-, . . . BaBr 2 , BaBr 2 + 2H 2 0, . BaC0 3 , . Ba(C10 3 ) 2 ,. . BaCl 2 , BaCl 2 + 2H 2 0, . BaCr0 4 , . Ba(N0 3 ) 2 , . BaO,. Ba(OH) 2 , . . Ba(OH) 2 + 8H 2 0, Ba0 2 , BaS0 4 , ? BaPtC 4 N 4 + 4H 2 0, Beryllium (Glucinum) Be- (Gl--), BeCl 2 , . . BeCl + 4H 2 0, . BeO, - . BeS0 4 , . BeS0 4 + 4H 2 0, . Bismuth Bi-, -u:i 3 , . Bi(N0 3 ) 3 , . . Bi(N0 3 ) 3 + 5H 9 0, BiP0 4 , . . BiAs0 4 , 2-5 6-045 3-3 4-103 5-67026 13-41 1-5 2-3 3-103 6-87 14-866 16-6676 9-87 15-215 10-415 12-2166 12-675 13-074 7-67 8-5708 15-7772 8-47 15-6764 11-673 25-4212 0-455 4- 7-6032 5-258 8-8612 6-95 10-495 19-635 13-154 16-1566 10-1166 7-75 11-5835 8-553 0-3979400 0-7813963 0-5185140 0-6131016 0-7536034 1-1139434 0-1760913 0-3617278 0-4917818 1-1721941 1-2218731 0-9943171 1-1822720 1-0869504 1-1029480 1-1164085 0-9330214 1-1980299 0-9278834 1-0671825 1-4051960 1-6580114 0-8809964 0-7206206 0-9474925 0-8419848 1-0209824 1-2930309 1-1190578 1-2083517 1-0050374 0-8893017 1-0638335 0-9321184 1065 TABLE LXXVu (I). continued. Formula of Substance to be estimated. Weight, in mgms., of Substance = 1 cm. 3 Solution. Logarithm. Boron B-, 0-3666 T'5642714 B 2 3 , . . . . 1-1666 0-0669467 H 3 B0 3 , 2-06746 0-3154385 Bromine Br', 7-996 0-9028728 HBr,. 8-0968 0-9083134 Br 2 5 , 11-996 1-0790365 HBr0 3 , 12-8968 1-1104820 KBr,. 11-911 1-0759482 AgBr, 18-789 1-2739037 NaBr, 10-301 1-0128794 Cadmium Cd", 5-62 0-7497363 CdC0 3 , 8-62 0-9355073 CdCl 2 , 9-165 0-9621325 CdCl 2 + 2H 9 O, 10-9666 1-0400720 CdI 2 , 18-305 1-2625697 Cd(M) 3 ) 2 , 11-824 1-0727644 Cd(N0 3 );+4H 2 0, .... 15-4272 1-1882871 CdO,. 6-42 0-8075350 CdS0 4 , CdS0 4 + 4H 2 0, 10-423 14-0262 1-0179927 1-1469400 4 * 7-223 0-8587176 Caesium Cs- 13-29 1-1235250 Cs C0 3 16-29 1-2119211 CsCl, 16-835 1-2262131 CsN0 3 , 19-494 1-2899010 Cs 2 SO 4 , Cs 2 PtCl 6 , . 18-093 33-665 1-2575106 1-5271786 Calcium Ca" 2-005 0-3021144 Ca 3 (As0 4 ) 2 , CaBr 2 , 6-6383 10-001 0-8220590 1-0000434 CaC0 3 , 5-005 0-6994041 Ca(C10 3 ) 2 ,. . . CaCl 2 , 10-35 5-55 1-0149403 0-7442930 10-9548 1-0396045 CaFo* 3-905 0-5916210 Ca(OCl) 4 ,, Ca(H 2 P0 ) 2 , Ca(N0 3 ) 2 ; Ca(M) 3 ) + 4H<,0, 7-15 8-5066 8-209 11-8122 0-8543060 0-9297560 0-9142903 1-0723308 1066 TABLE LXXVB(l). continued. Weight, in mgms., Formula of Substance to be estimated. of Substance = 1 cm. 3 w Logarithm. Solution. . 10 Calcium CaO, 2-805 0-4479329 Ca(OH) 2 , .... 3-7058 0-5688820 Ca0 2 + 8h[ 2 0, 10-8114 1-0338819 Ca 3 (P0 4 ) 2 , 5-1716 0-7136305 Ca 2 H 2 (P0 4 ) 2 + 4H 2 0, .... CaH 4 (P0 4 ) 2 + H 2 0, .... 5-738 4-20246 0-7587605 0-6235042 CaS0 4 , 6-808 0-8330195 CaS0 4 + 2H 0, . 8-6096 0-9349829 CaS0 3 , . . 6-008 0-7787299 CaSO s + 2H 2 0, . 7-8096 0-8926288 CaS, ! 3-608 0-5572665 CaC.O,, 6-405 0-8065191 Ca(C 2 H 8 2 ) 2 , 7-9074 0-8980337 Ca(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 2 + H 2 0, .... 8-8082 0-9448872 Ca(CNS) 7-815 OHQ9Q9QO Cerium \J O U & U tJ \J Ce", ...... 4-675 0-6697816 Ce 2 (C0 3 ) 3 , 6-675 0-8244512 CeCl 3 , 8-22 0-9148718 CeF 3 , 6-575 Ce 2 3 , 5-475 ~ ,_ CeP0 4 , . *J T 9 *J 7-8416 9-4.78 0-8944083 O.Q7A71 7 Ce 2 (S0 4 ) 3 , . Ce 2 (S0 4 ) 3 + 9H 2 0, .... Ce 2 (C 2 4 ) 3 , . . . v ^T 1 O 10-9793 9-075 y t o / 10 / 1-0405759 0-9578466 Ce 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 3 + 9H 2 O, .... 11-7774 1-0710494 5e(N0 3 ) 3 '+6H 2 6, '. 10-879 14-4822 1-0365889 1-1608345 ceo 2 , ; 4-30625 0-6340992 Ce f M. 5-40625 5-85665 0-7328961 0-7676493 CeF 4 + H 2 0, .... Ce(S0 4 ) 2 V4H 2 0, ce(so 4 ) 2 +7H 2 o, . : : : Chlorine 8-30925 10-11075 11-46205 0-9195618 1-0047834 1-0592623 or, . 3-545 0-5496162 Pin *'* 3-6458 0-5617928 HC10, 4-345 5-2458 0-6379898 0-7198117 iicio 2 , : ; ; ; ; 5-945 6-8458 0-7741519 0-8354242 ; 6-745 0-8289820 1067 TABLE LXXVs (I). continued. Formula of Substance to be estimated. Weight, in mgms., of Substance = 1 cm. 3 Solution. Logarithm. Chlorine ci 2 o 5 HClOg, . .... 7-545 8-4458 0-8776592 0-9266408 ciA, 9-145 0-9611837 HC10 4 , . . . 10-0458 1-0019845 Chromium Or-, 1-7366 0-2397164 ,, (in chromates), 2-605 0-4158077 CrCl 3 , . ... 5-2816 0-7227709 OjjOg, 2-5366 0-4042634 Cr(N0 3 ) 3 + 9H 2 13-34546 1-1253337 CrP0 4 , . .' ! .' 4-9033 0-6904914 CrP0 4 + 6H 2 O, . Cr 2 (S0 4 ) 3 , . . . . . 8-50653 6-5396 0-9297526 0-8155556 Cr 2 (S0 4 ) 3 + 18H 2 0, . 11-94446 1-0771667 K 2 Cr 2 (S0 4 ) 4 + 24H 2 0, (NH 4 ) 2 Cr 2 (S0 4 ) 4 + 24H 2 0, . . 16-65206 15-94946 1-2214681 1-2027461 Cr(CNS) 3 , 7-5466 0-8777551 Cobalt- Co", 2-95 0-4698220 CoC0 3 , 5-95 0-7745170 CoCl 2 , 6-495 0-8125792 CoCl 2 +6H 2 0, 11-8998 1-0755397 Co(CN) 2 , 5-554 0-7446059 Co(CN) 2 + 3H 2 0, 8-2564 0-9167907 Co(N0 8 ) 2> . . 9-154 0-9616109 Co(N0 3 ) 2 + 6H 2 0, .... 14-5588 1-1631255 CoO, 3-75 0-5740313 Co 3 (As0 4 ) 2 , . . . 7-5833 0-8798601 Co 3 (As0 4 ) +8H 0, .... 9-98546 0-9993683 Co 3 (P0 4 ) 2 ;. Co 3 (P0 4 ) 9 + 8H O 6-1166 8-5188 0-7865148 0-9303784 CoS0 4 , .'..'.; 7-753 0-8894698 CoS0 4 + 7H 0, 14-0586 1-1479421 CoS, . 4-553 0-6582976 Co-, . ... 1-9666 0-2937307 CoCl 3 , 5-5116 0-7412829 Co 2 o 3 , ... . 2-7666 0-4419568 Co 2 Sg, 3-5696 0-5526276 Copper Cir, . .... 6-36 0-8034571 Cu 2 Br 2 , 14-356 1-1570334 CXC1 2 , 9-905 0-9958545 Cu 2 F 2 , 8-26 0-9169800 1068 TABLE LXXVu (I). continued. Formula of Substance to be estimated. Weight, in nigms., of Substance = 1 cm. 3 Solution. Logarithm. Copper CuJ 2 , .... 19-045 1-2797810 Cu 0, 7-16 0-8549130 Cu 2 S0 3 + H 2 0, 11-2638 1-0516849 Cu 2 S, . . 7-963 0-9010767 Cu 2 (CNS) 2 , 12-17 1-0852906 Cu-, 3-18 0-5024271 Cu(C 2 H 8 2 ) 2 + H 9 0, .... CuC0 3 , . 9-983 6-18 0-9992611 0-7909885 CuC) 2 . . .... 6-725 0-8276923 CuCl, + 2H 2 0, 8-5266 0-9307759 QUO; 3-98 0-5998831 Cu(N0 3 ) 2 , 9-384 0-9723880 Cu(NO 3 ) 2 + 3H 2 0, . 12-0864 1-0822970 Cu 3 (P0 4 ) 2 , 6-3466 0-8025456 Cu 3 (P0 4 ) 9 + 3H 2 0, . Cu 3 (As0 4 ) 2 , 7-24746 7-8133 0-8601862 0-8928363 Cu 3 (As0 4 ) 2 + 2H 2 0, ..... 8-41386 0-9249956 CuHAs0 3 , . 9-3804 0-9722214 CuS0 4 , 7-983 0-9021661 CuS0 4 + 5H 2 0, . 12-487 1-0964581 CuS, . 4-'78> 0-R797004- Fluorine \J O 1 t/ 4 VyV/T: F' 1 9 - 97ft7'5^fi HF, . J. U 2-0008 0-S0190^~ Gallium ^j v/V/v/O Ga- -, 3-5 0-544Q680 GaCl,, . 7-045 0-8478810 Ga---, 2-3333 0-3679767 GaCl 3 , ..... 5-8783 0-7692542 Ga 2 0o, 0.1 006 f).ACl(\f\()f\K Ga(N0 3 ) 3 , . . . *J A 9jtjtJ 8-5373 0-9313222 Ga 2 (S0 4 ) 3 , (NH 4 ) 2 Ga 2 (S0 4 ) 4 +24H 2 0,. Germanium 7-1363 16-54613 0-8534751 1-2186964 Gc--, . . . GeBr 4) . . . J^t ^--^1 1-8125 9-8085 0-2582780 0-9916026 GeCl 4 , .... /~+ -w^ 5-3575 0-7289622 GeF 4 , GeF 4 + 3H 2 (), . LI /""* CL\? 3-7125 5-0637 0-5696665 0-7044679 K 2 GeF; '. : : ; ; 4-7129 6-62 0-6732882 0-8208580 J^ el 4 ..... 14-4975 1-1612931 ' * ' ' 2-6125 0-4170563 i 1069 TABLE LXXVB (I). continued. Formula of Substance to be estimated. Weight, in mgms. , of Substance = 1 cm. 3 Solution. Logarithm. Germanium GeS 2 , 3-4155 0-5334543 Gold Au', .... . 19-72 1-2949069 AuBr, 27-716 1-4427306 AuCl, . ... 23-265 1-3667031 AuCN, 22-324 1-3487720 KAu(CN) , 28-843 1-4600404 Au O, 20-52 1-3121774 AU-, ... . . 6-5735 0-8177856 AuCl 3 10-1185 1-0051089 AuCl 3 + 2H 2 O, ... HAuCl 4 , 11-3194 11-3336 1-0538234 1-0543678 HAuCl 4 + 4H 2 0, . . - . 13-73575 1-1378518 KAuCL, 12-605 1-1005428 KAuCl 4 +2H 2 0, .... 13-80606 1-1400699 KAu(CN) 4 + 6H 2 O, .... 14-95355 1-1747438 2KAu(CN) 4 + 3H 2 O, .... 12-25115 1-0881762 KAu0 2 + 3H 2 0,. 10-75326 1-0315404 Indium In'", 3-8 0-5797836 InCl s , .... 7-345 0-8659918 In 2 3 , 4-6 0-6627578 In 2 (NO 3 ) 6 + 3H 2 O, .... 10-9048 1-0376177 In 2 (S0 4 ) 3 , In 2 (S0 4 ) 3 + 4H 2 0, .... 8-603 9-80406 0-9346499 0-9914062 (NH 4 ) 2 In 2 (S0 4 ) 4 + 24H 2 0, . 18-0128 1-2555812 in 2 s 3 , ; 5-403 0-7326349 Iodine r, 12-685 1-1032905 HI, .... . 12-7858 1-1067279 KI, 16-6 1-2201081 HI0 8 , ... . . 17-5858 1-2451622 KI0 8 , 21-4 1-3304138 HIO 4 , 19-1858 1-2829799 KI0 4> ... 23 1-3617278 TT 5 r A* /Estimation of I, . il 4 i 2 U 9> I 1,0.. ) / 20-9874 J 22-789 \ 20-0866 (16-685 1-3219587 1-3577253 1-3029065 1-2223262 Iridium Ir-", 6-4333 0-8084360 IrBr 3 , 14-4295 1-1592462 IrBr 3 + 4H 2 0, . 16-83146 1-2261219 1070 TABLE LXXVs (1). continued. Formula of Substance to be estimated. Weight, in mgms., of Substance = 1 cm. 3 Solution. Logarithm. Indium K 3 IrBr 6 4- 3H 2 0, 1 Estimation (NHAJrBr, + 3H 2 0, J of Br, IrCl 3 , . ... 14-07096 13-01706 9-978S 1-1483239 1-1145131 0-9990580 N 3 T C\ -i I^H'O ^ Estimation 9-61996 11-51736 0-9831735 1-0613532 (NH 4 ) 6 Ir Cl 12 + 2 3H 2 0, j f C1 ' 8-1156 1-9093242 H Ir(NCT) +H 0, ) . . fxm 8-1713 0-9122929 K 3 Ir(NO ) +H o' f Estimation of NO 2 , 10-0784^ 1-0033930 H Ir(CN) ) 5-87106 0-7687170 K Ir(CN) ' > Estimation * 7-77816 0-8908772 Ba 3 3 Ir 2 (CN) 12 + 1 8H 2 0, ) " ' 11-95806 1-0776610 Ir 2 S 3 , ... . 8-0363 0-9050579 Ir----, . . 4*825 0-6834973 IrBr 4 , 12-821 1-1079219 H 2 IrBr 6 , ( Estimation of Br? Ji. 2 iri>r 6 , j 11-24626 12-5176 1-0510085 1-0975233 Ir01 4 , . 8-37 0*9227254 H 2 IrCl 6 , | 6-79526 0-8322065 N^IrCl ( Estimation of Cl, . 8-0666 7-53 0-9066941 0-8767949 (N a H 4 r ) 2 IrCl 6 , ) 7-36406 0-8671277 IrI 4 , .... 17-51 1-2432861 irs 2 , : : 6-428 0-8080759 Iron 1 (Ferrous compounds, I Fe estimated as dyadic) Fe -, 2-795 0-4463818 FeBr,, '. 10-791 1-0330617 FeBr 2 + 6H 2 0, . 16-1958 1-2094024 FeC0 3 , . 5-795 0*7630534 FeCL, Q.QIQO n.QQ'7~9fi9 K 4 Fe(CN) 6 ; 18-437 |.OfiKfiQOl Na 4 Fe(CN) 6 +12H 9 0, J. O T:J I 26-0266 1-4154175 FeF 2 , . . . ! . . 4-695 0-6716356 FeF 2 + 8H 2 0, . 1 1 -qoid FeI 2 , . -L A J/ V/ A T 15 "48 1 ! ftQ771 A Fe(N0 3 ) 2 , . Fe(N0 3 ) + 6H 2 0, . 8-999 14-4038 1 1O7I / 1U 0-9541942 1-1584771 FeO, .... Fe(C10 4 ) 2 + 6H 2 0, . 3-595 18-1448 0-5556989 1-2587522 Fe 3 (P0 4 ) 2 , ...... 5-9616 0-7753676 Fe 3 (P0 4 ) 2 + 8H 2 0, . FeHP0 4 + H 2 0, 8-3638 8-4962 0-9224036 0-9292247 1071 TABLE LXXVs (I). -continued. Weight, in nagms., Formula of Substance to be estimated. of Substance = 1 cm. 3 ^| />, i Logarithm. Solution. Iron i (Ferrous compounds, | Fe estimated as dyadic) FeS0 4 , ... 7-598 0-8806993 FeS0 4 + 7H 9 O, . Fe(NH 4 ) (SO 4 ) 2 + 6H 2 O, . 13-9036 19-613 1-1431272 1-2925440 FeS 2 7 , "...... 11-601 1-0644954 FeS, . 4-398 0-6432552 FeSCL 6-798 0-8323812 FeS 9 O 3 , 8-401 0-9243310 Fe(C 2 H 3 2 ) 9 + 4H 2 0,. 12-3006 1-0899263 FeC 9 4 + 2H 2 0, Fe(im 4 ) 2 (C 2 4 ) 2 + 3H 2 0, . . . 8-9966 16-1046 0-9540784 1-2069499 FeK 2 (C 2 4 ) 2 + 2H 2 0, . . . . FeC 4 H 4 6 , 17-3116 10-1966 1-2383372 1-0084554 y ( (Ferric compounds, ( Fe estimated as triadic) Fe,--- ... 1-8635 0*2702905 Fe 2 Br 6 , .... 9-8595 0-9938475 Fe 2 Cl 6 , 5-4085 0-7330634 Fe 9 Cl 6 + 6H 2 0, 7-20995 0-8579312 Fe 2 Cl 6 + 1 2H 2 0, .... 9-01155 0-9547986 K 4 Fe 2 Cl 10 + 2H 2 0, .... (NH 4 ) 2 Fe 2 Cl 10 + 2H 2 0, 10-9822 9-577 1-0406893 0-9812294 Fe 2 F 6 , 3-7635 0-5755726 Fe 2 F 6 + 9H 2 0, 6-46575 0-8106178 Fe 2 (N0 3 ) 6 8-6675 0-9067300 Fe 2 (N0 8 ) 6 +12H 2 0, '. . . '. 11-67055 1-0670906 Fe 9 (NO s ) 6 + 18H 9 O, 13-47215 1-1294363 FeoXX, . ... 2-6635 0-4254255 Fe 2 (P0 4 ) 2 , 5-03 0-7015679 Fe 9 (P0 4 ) 2 + 4H 2 0, .... 6-23106 07945623 Fe 2 (As0 4 ) 2 + 4H 2 O, .... 7-69775 0-8863629 Fe 9 (S0 4 ) 3 , 6-6665 0-8238870 Fe 2 (S0 4 ) 3 + 9H 2 0, .... 9-36875 0-9716808 K 2 Fe 2 (S0 4 ) 4 + 24H 2 0, (NH 4 ) 2 Fe 2 (S0 4 ) 4 + 24H 2 0, . 16-77875 16-07615 1-2247591 1-2061816 H 6 Fe 2 (CN) 12 , 7-17215 0-8556483 K 6 Fe 2 (CN) 12 , 10-9865 1-0408527 Fe 9 (CNS) 6 + 3H 2 0, .... 8-57415 0-9331902 Fe 2 '(C 2 H 3 2 ) 6 + 4H 2 0, 8-9668 0-9526374 Fe (C H 3 2 ) 4 (N0 3 ) 2 + 6H 0, 9-66786 0-9853306 Fe 2 (C 2 4 ) 3 , . . . Fe 2 (C 4 H 4 O t .) 3 , . 6-2635 9-26495 0-7968055 0-9668423 1072 TABLE LXXVfl (I). continued. Weight, in mgms. , of Substance = 1 cm. 3 Solution. Formula of Substance to be estimated. Iron ( (In ferroso-ferric compounds, from Negative Radicle estimations) Fe, Fe 3 Cl 8 , Fe 3 Cl 8 +18H 2 0, Fe 3 4 , Fe 3 (S0 4 ) 4 , . . . Fe 3 (S0 4 ) 4 + 12H 2 0, . See also LXXYB. (2) Lanthanum La-, La 2 (C0 3 ) 3 , .... La 2 (C0 3 ) 3 + 8H 2 O, . LaCl 3 , LaCl 3 + 7H 2 O, .... La(N0 3 ) 3 , La(N0 3 ) 3 + 6H 2 0, . La 2 3 , . . . La 2 (S0 4 ) 3 ,. La 9 (S0 4 ) 3 + 9H 2 0, . La 2 S 3 , La,,(C 2 4 ) 3 , . . . La 2 (C 2 4 ) 3 + 9H 2 0, . Lead (Dyadic throughout) Pb", . . . . PbBr 2 , PbCO,, 1. PblJ Pb(N0 3 ) 2 , . Pb(N0 2 ) 2 , . PbO, Pbs0 4 ; ! Pb0 2 , . PbS() 4 , . PbS,/' .' Lithium Li-, . . LiBr, Li,C0 3 , . 2-09625 5-64125 9-69485 2-89625 6-89925 9-60165 4-63 7-63 10-03213 8-175 12-37873 10-834 14-4732 5-43 9-433 12-1354 6-233 9-03 11-7324 10-345 18-341 13-345 12-91193 13-89 12-245 23-03 16-549 14-949 11-145 11-545 11-4116 11-945 15-148 13-1465 11-948 0-703 8-699 3-703 Logarithm. 0-3214431 0-7513753 0-9865411 0-4618360 0-8388019 0-9823458 0-6655809 0-8825245 1-0013933 0-9124877 1-0926761 1-0347888 1-1594829 0-7347998 0-9746498 1-0840541 0-7946971 0-9556877 1-0693868 1-0147305 1-2634230 1-1253186 1-1109913 1-1427022 1-0879588 1-3622939 1-2187718 1-1746121 1-0470801 1-0623939 1-0573490 1-0771861 1-1803553 1-1188101 1-0772952 T-8469553 0-9394693 0-5685537 1073 TABLE LXXVs (I). continued. Formula of Substance to be estimated. Weight, in mgms., of Substance = 1 cm. 3 Solution. Logarithm. Lithium LiCl, 4-248 0-6281845 LiCl + H 9 0, 6-0496 0-7817267 LiCl + 2H 2 0, 7-8512 0-8949360 LiN0 3 , ...... 6-907 0-8392895 Li 2 0,' 1-503 0-1769590 LioPO 3-8696 0-5876735 Li 2 so 4 ; '. '. : ' . : 5-506 0-7408362 Li 2 S0 4 + H 2 0, 6-4068 0-8066411 Magnesium Mg", 1-218 0-0856473 MgBr 2 , 9-214 0-9644482 MgBr 2 + 6H 9 0, 14-6188 1-1649117 MgC0 3 , 4-218 0-6251066 Mg 4 (HO) 2 (C0 3 ) 3 + 3H 2 0, . . . MgCl 2 , 4-5688 4-763 0-6598022 0-6778806 10-1678 1-0072270 MgF* . 2 ' ; ; : ; ; 3-118 0-4938761 MgI 2 , Mg(N0 3 ) 2 , 13-903 7-422 1-1431085 0-8705209 MgO, - 2-018 0-3049212 Mg(OH) 2 , 2-9188 0-4652043 Mg s (P0 4 ) 2 , . . . . . 4-3846 0-6419365 MgNH 4 P0 4 + 6H 2 0, .... 12-2764 1-0890711 Mg 2 P 2 7 , .... 5-568 0-7456992 Mg 2 As 2 7 , MgS0 4 , . . . ... 7-768 6-021 0-8903092 0-7796686 MgS0 4 + H 2 0, MgS0 4 + 7H 2 0, . 6-9218 12-3266 0-8402190 1-0908433 Manganese Mn", 2-75 0-4393327 MnBr 9 , 10-746 1-0312468 MnBr 2 + 4H 2 0, 14-3492 1-1568277 MnC0 3 , 5-75 0-7596678 MnCl 25 6-295 0-7989957 MnCl + 4H 9 9-8982 0-9955562 MnF " 4-65 0-6674529 Mnl ' 15-435 1-1885066 MnI 9 + 4H 2 0, 19-0382 1-2796259 Mn(NO ),, 8-954 0-9520171 Mn(NO ) +6H 14-3588 1-1571182 MnO, 2 . ' . 3-55 0-5502283 Mn 8 4> 3-8166 0-5816842 Mn 2 3 , . 3-95 0-5965971 1074 TABLE LXXVB (I). continued. Weight, in mgms., of Substance = 1 cm. 3 Formula of Substance to be estimated. N . . . Logarithm. Solution. 10 Manganese MnO 2 , 4-35 0-6384893 Mn 5-55 0-7442930 Mn 3 (PU 4 ) 2 , Mn 3 (P0 4 ) + 7H 2 0, .... MnHP0 4 + 3H 2 0, . 5-9166 8-0185$ 10-2528 0-7720771 0-9040949 1-0108425 MnH 4 (P0 4 ) + 2H 2 0, . 14-2532 1-1539123 Mn 2 P 2 7 , 7-1 0-8512583 MnHAs0 4 , 9-7504 0-9890224 MnH 4 (As0 4 ) 2 , MnS0 4 , 16-8516 7-553 1-2266412 0-8781195 MnS0 4 + 4H 2 0, 11-1562 1-0475163 MnS0 4 + 5H 2 0,. .... 12-057 1-0812393 MnS0 4 + 7H 2 O, 13-8586 1-1417194 MnAl 2 (S0 4 ) 4 + 24H 2 0, 46-2912 1-6654984 MnS, 4-353 0*6387887 MnS 2 O fi + 3H 2 O, .... 13-4584 1-1289935 Mercury Hg', ...... 20 1-3010300 HgBr, 27-996 1-4470960 HgCl, 23*545 1 -3718Q87 HgF, . ... 21-9 X J 1 X O i/O I 1-3404441 Hgl, 32-685 1-5143485 HgNOg, ..... 26-204 1-4183676 HgN0 3 + H 2 0, . 28-0016 1-4471828 Hg,,O, 20-8 Hg 7 ', l\J O 10 1-0000000 HgBr. 2 , 17-996 1-2551760 HgCl 2 , 13-545 1-1317790 HgF 2 + 2H 2 0, . . . . .' 13-7016 1-1367713 Hgljj, 22-685 1*3557388 Hg(NO s y,, ... 16-204 1-2096222 HgO, . 10-8 1-0334238 HgS0 4 , . 14-803 1-1703497 Hg 3 SO,, . Hg(CN) , . . . 12-134$ 12-604 1-0840159 1-1005084 HgS, . ... 11-603 1-0645703 Molybdenum Mo--, \ MoBr 2 , (in cos. corresponding to the MoCl 2 , ( monoxide, MoO, ) / 4-8 I 12-796 ) 8-345 I 5-6 0-6812412 1-1070742 0-9214263 0-7481880 1075 TABLE LXXVs (I). continued. Formula of Substance to be estimated. Weight, in mgms., of Substance = 1 cm. 3 ^ Solution. Logarithm. Molybdenum Mo-", ) 3-2 0-5051499 Mo 2 Br 6 , (in cos. corresponding to the ) 11-196 1-0490628 Mo 2 Cl 6 , C sesquioxide, . } 6-745 0-8289819 Mo 2 O s , / I 4-0 0-6020599 Mo', ' r 2-4 0-3802112 MoBr 4 , 1 10-396 1-0168663 MoCl 4 , i In cos. corresponding to J 5-945 0-7741519 MoI 4 , f the dioxide, . 1 15-085 1-1785453 MoO 2 , 3-2 0-5051500 Mo(OH) 4 , f 4-1008 0-6128686 j^Ql ' [ I n penta-compoundB, . / 1-92 } 5-465 0-2833012 0-7375902 Nickel M-, 2-935 0-4676081 MBr 2 , 10-931 1-0386599 13-6324 1-1345723 Nicd s , . 2 . ! ! ' ! 5-935 0-7734207 NiCL, ...... 6-48 0-8115750 MC1 2 + 6H 2 O, ... 11-8848 1-0749919 MF 2 , ...... 4-835 0-6843965 MF 2 4- 3H 9 O, 7-5374 0-8772215 MI,,. : 15-62 1-1936810 M(No 3 ) 2 , 2 . ; ; : 21-0248 9-139 1-3227319 0-9608987 Ni(N0 8 ) 9 + 6H 2 0, .... 14-5438 1-1626779 MO, 3-735 0-5722906 M 3 (P0 4 ) 2 ,. . . . . 6-1016 0-7854484 M 3 (As0 4 ) 2 , 7-5683 0-8790002 7-738 0-8886287 MS0 4 V7H 2 0, '. 14-0436 1-1474785 MS, 4-538 0-6568645 Ni(CN) 2 , . 5-539 0-7434314 Niobium xrv^pr i ^ n tri-compounds, -IN Dwloj I J 3-1335 1 6-6783 0-4960066 0-8246680 Nb , 1-88 0-2741579 NbBr r , 9-876 0-9945811 NbGl 5 5-425 0-7343997 NbF 3-78 0-5774918 Nb 2 05, '. 2-68 0-4281348 1076 TABLE LXXVB (I). continued. Formula of Substance to be estimated. Weight, in mgms., of Substance = 1 cm. 3 Solution. Logarithm. Nitrogen \ N"- i 0) 1-404 0-1473671 N 2 0, 1 2-204 0-3432116 NO, 2 3-004 0-4776999 N 2 3 , C<5 3-804 0-5802405 N0 2 , . 4-604 0-6631353 f&, | 5-404 3-1048 0-7327153 0-4920336 HNO,, rtf 4-7048 0-6725412 HN0 3 , $ 6-3048 0-7996713 NH 3 , 05 r^ > c 1-7064 0-2320808 NH 4 Br, (NH 4 ) 2 C0 8 , \ S3 'ja 8| 9-8032 4-8072 0-9913679 0-6818922 (NH 4 ) 2 C0 3 + H 2 0, _g "^ 5-708 0-7564840 HNH 4 C0 3 , j 7-908 0-8980667 NH 4 C0 2 NH 2 , d 3-9064 0-5917767 NH 4 C1, 5-3522 0-7285323 NH 4 C10 3 , JS 10-1522 1-0065602 NH 4 F, ' HNH 4 F. 2 , '3 o> ^ 3-7072 5-708 0-5690460 0-7564840 NH 4 I, 14-4922 1-1611343 NH 4 N0 3 , J cos> corres ponding to OsSO f ^ e monox ide, ( 9-55 I 10-35 0-9800034 1-0149403 /~v "\ ( 4-775 0-6789734 Os-"-, 1 OsCl 4 , I In cos. corresponding to Os0 2 , the dioxide, . Os(OH) 4 , J {8-32 5-575 6-4758 13-553 0-9201233 0-7462449 0-8112934 1-1320354 1077 TABLE LXXVs (I). continued. Formula of Substance to be estimated. Weight, in mgms., of Substance = 1 cm. 3 Solution. Logarithm. Palladium Pd", } 5-325 0-7263196 PdCl 9 , 8-87 0-9479236 K 2 PdCl 4 , 16-33 1-2129862 Pd(NO ) ' In " OUS com P unds > 118-01 11-529 1-2555137 1-0617916 PdO, 6-125 0-7871061 PdCN, 7-929 0-8992184 PdS0 4 + H 2 0, t 11-0288 1-0425282 Pd, "I f 2-6625 0-4252896 PdCl 4 , 6-2075 0-7929167 H 9 PdCl 6 , } Pd reckoned as a tetrad, { 8-0304 0-9047372 KJtiClg, 9-9375 0-9972771 (NH 4 ) 2 PdCl 6 ,J I 8-8836 0-9485890 Phosphorus (estimated as phosphate) P, . . 1-0333 0-0142404 PBr 3 , ... 9-0293 0-9556556 14-36 1-1571544 PC1 3 ,'. 4-5783 0-6607074 PC1 5I . 6-9416 0-8414637 4-2 0-6232492 PIo^ 9-49 0-9772662 Pi" ...... 13-7183 1-1373013 HPH 9 , . ... 2-2008 0-3425805 Ba(PH 6 9 ) 9 , . ... 4-4572 0-6490621 Ca(PH 2 2 ) 2 ~, . ' . 2-83553 0-4526347 P O 1-8333 0-2632414 ' H 3 PO,, 2-73413 0-4368196 Na 3 P0 3 , . .... CaHPO 3 , 4-9383 4-0036 0-6024507 0-3741370 O 7 2-3666 0-5142111 H 2 _p(v 3-26746 0-4723468 H 4 P 9 7 , 2-9672 0-4260121 HPs0 2 ) 4 + 2H 2 0, . (NH 4 ) Pt(N0 2 ) 4 +2H 2 0, . 24-6646 22-5568 1-3920741 1-3532775 Ag 2 Pt(N0 2 ) 4 , . . . . . BaPt(N0 2 ) 4 + 3H 2 0, . 29-741 28-5204 1-4733556 1-4551556 PtO, 10-54 1-0228406 K 6 Pt(S0 8 ) 4 +2H 2 0, . 39-2986 1-5943771 (NH ^ Pt^SO ^ 31*1736 I .A Q 5'7W 7 A Pts, 4 . b . ' 4 '. 11-343 1-0547279 H 2 pt(CN) 4 +5H 2 o, : : : K,Pt(CN) 4 +12H 2 0, . Ba"Pt(CN) 4 + 4H 2 0, . 19-5528 29-6726 25-4212 1-2912090 1-4723556 1-4051960 K 2 Pt(CNS) 4 , . ' . 25-275 1-4026912 Pt (estimated as tetrad), 4-87 0-6875290 H 2 PtBr 6 + 9H 2 0, 20-968 1-3215570 PtCl 4> 8-415 0-9250541 PtCl 4 + 5H 2 0, . 10'667 H 2 PtCl 6 + 6H 2 0, .... 12-9403 1-1119444 K 2 PtCl 6 , . 12-145 1-0843975 (NH 4 ) 2 PtCl 6 , . . . Rb 2 PtCl 6 , 11-0911 14-4575 1-0449746 1-1600932 Ptl, 16-8375 n-KRFi 1-2262776 Pt0 2 , .... ooo 5-67 0-7535831 Pt(S0 4 ) 2> . K 2 Pt(CNS) (i , . . Potassium 9-673 15-5425 0-9855612 1-1915209 K-, 3-915 0-5927318 KBr, Kx~i . . * 11-911 1-0759482 2 CO 3 , ..... 6-915 0-8397922 1079 TABLE LXXVB (I). continued. Weight, in mgius., Formula of Substance to be estimated. of Substance = 1 cm. 3 W Logarithm. Solution. 10 Potassium K 9 CO 3 + 2H 9 0, . 8-7166 0-9403471 KHCOj, . " . 10-0158 1-0006856 KC1, ... 7-46 0-8727388 KC10, 9-06 0-9571282 KC10 3 , ... . 12-26 1-0884905 KC10 4 , ... . 13-86 1-1417632 KF, ... 5-815 0-7645497 KHF 9 , estimation of F, 3-9079 0-5919434 KI, . . . . . . 16-6 1-2201081 KI0 3 , . . . 21-4 1-3304138 KI0 4 , 23-0 1-3617278 K 8 IO. + 4H 9 0, . 13-21213 1-1209729 KJ 2 9 +9H 2 0,. 17-9111 1-2531222 KN0 3 , 10-119 1-0051376 KX0 9 , 8-519 0-9303886 K.,0, 4-715 0-6734817 KOH, ... 5-6158 0-7494116 KMn0 4 , 15-815 1-1990692 K 3 P0 4 , ) 7-0816 0-8501354 K 9 HPO 4 , V Estimation of P0 4 , . . 5-81026 0-7641960 KH 9 P0 4 , ) 4-53886 0-6579473 KPO S , ... . I 11-815 1-0724337 K.,P 6 + H 2 0, . .'! 12-7158 1-1043437 K 4 ~P 2 7 , . 8-265 0-9172428 9-6162 0-9830034 KJiPOg, . * '. . 7-9154 0-8984728 KPH 9 9 , 10-4166 1-0177260 K. AsO ) . . 8-5483 0-9318814 KH AsO J -^ s ^ ma ^ on f ^ s( ^4J 6-00553 0-7785516 K 9 s!o 3 , 4 ' 7-735 0-8884603 K 9 Si O , 16-795 1-2251800 K 9 SiF ,' 11-035 1-0427723 KoSO 8-718 0-9404169 KHS0 4 , . . . 13-6218 1-1342345 K 2 S 2 7 , ... 12-721 1-1045212 9-7196 0-9876484 KHS0 3 , . 2 12-0218 1-0803306 K 9 S 9 5 11-121 1-0461438 K 2 Al 2 (SOA + 24H a O, 47-4562 1-6762929 49-9562 1-6985894 K^Fe CSO ) + 24H 9 50-3362 1-7018804 K 2 s 9 6 3 , 4 . 4 9-521 0-9786826 3K 9 S 9 3 + H 2 0, . 9-82126 0-9921674 1080 TABLE LXXVs (I). continued. Formula of Substance to be estimated. Weight, in mgms., of Substance = 1cm. 8 Solution. Logarithm. Potassium KCN, 6-519 0-8141810 KAg(CX) 2 19-916 1-2992021 K 4 Fe(CN) 6 , . . . . 9-2185 0-9646603 K 4 Fe(CN) 6 + 3H 2 0, .... 10-5697 1-0240626 K 3 Fe(CN) 6 , KCNS, 10-9863 9-725 1-0408527 0-9878896 KC H,O , 9-8174 (VQQ1 QQfi^ K 2 C 2 4 + H 9 O, . KHC 2 4 + H 2 0, K 2 C 4 H 4 6 , 9-2158 14-6174 11-3166 0-9645331 1-1648701 1-0537159 2K C 4 H 4 6 4- H 2 0, .... 11-767 1-0706657 KHC 4 H 4 6 , . . 18-819 1-2745965 Rhodium Rh", ) In compounds 5-15 0-7118072 RhCU \ where Rh is 8-695 0-9392696 RhO" ) a dyad 5-95 0-7745170 Rh-, 1 3-4333 0-5357159 Rh 2 Cl 6 , K 4 Rh 2 Cl 10 + 2H 2 0, 6-9783 12-5522 0-8437517 1-0987198 I*' 1 -' ' > i In sesqui- Rh.XSO 4 ) 3 + 1 2H 2 0, f compounds Rh 2 (S0 3 ) 3 + 6H 2 0, Rh 2 (CN) 6 , 4-2333 11*83953 9-23793 6-0373 0-6266824 1-0733345 0-9655748 0-7808451 Rh 2 S 3 , J 5-0363 0-7021144 Rh, ( In tetrad 2-575 0-4107772 RhO 2 j compounds 3-375 0-6282738 Rubidium Rb-, ... ~r\ i Tk 8-54 0-9314579 RbBr, 1 A "P\ Q R . f) -l Q { OAK Rb 2 C0 3 , . i OO n.K/1 ! ^7 RbCl, D*T 1 2*085 1'Ub^^Uob Rb 2 PtCl 6 , .... RbF, T> IT 28-915 10-44 1-4611232 1-0187005 Rbl, . RbN0 8 , ....'.! 21-225 14-744 1-3268477 1-1686153 Rb 2 0, RbOH, . Rb 2 S0 4 , . Rb 2 Al (S0 4 ) 4 + 24H 2 0, 9-34 10-2408 13-343 52-0812 0-9703469 1-0103339 1-1252535 1-7166810 1081 TABLE LXXVu (1). continued. Formula of Substance to be estimated. Weight, in mgms., of Substance = 1 cm. 3 Solution. 10 Logarithm. Ruthenium Ru-, ] 3-39 0-5301997 Ru 2 Cl 6 , 6-935 0-8410464 K Ru Cl 4 2 10' v. Tri QP^mil-POTTl OOlinfl^ 11-9083 1-0758509 16-075 1-2061509 Ru!o 6 3 , 4-19 0-6222140 Ru 2 S 3 , J 4-993 0-6983615 Ru--, \ 2-5425 0-4052610 RuCl 4 , 6-0875 0-7844390 r, 2 ^ U 6 ' V In -ic compounds, . M 11 ( ) Ru(OH) 4 + 3H 2 0, Ru(S0 4 ) 2 , J 9-8175 3-3425 5-5945 7-3455 0-9920009 0-5240714 0-7477613 0-8660214 Scandium Sc-, 1-47 0-1673173 Sc 2 3 , ... . 2-27 0-3560258 6-273 0-7974752 Sc 2 (S0 4 4 ) 3 + 6H 2 0, '. 8-0746 0-9071210 Selenium (calculated from Halogens) Se-, 7-92 0-8987252 Se. 7 Br 2 , 15-916 1-2018339 Se 9 Cl 2 , 11-465 1-0593741 Se 2 I 2 , 20-605 1-3139726 Se"", ...... 1-98 0-2966652 SeBr 4 , . . 9-976 0-9989564 SeCl 4 , 5-525 0-7423323 SeI 4 , 14-6625 1-1662080 Silicon (calculated from Halogens) Si-", ] ' 0-71 T-8512583 SiBr 4 , | 8-706 0-9398187 SiCl 4 , j* In tetra-compounds, 1 4-255 2-61 0-6288996 0-4166405 SiL? ! 13-395 1-1269427 4" J Si'", ] 9-4666 0-9761970 " | SLBr r , 1 8-9426 0-9514670 2 to' 1 Si PI u-uv-ft }- I n trihaloid compounds, oirlv^lo* I ' 4-4916 4-52526 0-6524075 0-6556441 ^-^ v ^ 3' | SiHI,, 13-66526 1-1356181 o' 1 Si 2 I c , J 13-6316 1-1345489 Silver Ag-, .... 10-793 1-0331422 AgBr, 18-789 1-2739037 Ag 9 C0 3 , . AgCl, 13-793 14-338 1-1396587 1-1564886 1082 TABLE LXXVs (I). continued. Weight, in mgras., Formula of Substance to be estimated. of Substance = 1 cm. 3 w Logarithm. Solution. 10 Silver AgC10 2 , 17-538 1-2439801 Ag010 3 , .... 19-138 1-2818966 AgF, 12-693 1-1035643 AgF + 2H 9 14-4946 1-1612062 Agl,. "... . . 23-478 1-3706611 AgX0 3 , 16-997 1-2303723 AgX0 2 , 15-397 1-1874361 AgXO, . 13-797 1-1397847 Ag 2 0, 11-593 0641958 Ag 3 P0 4 , ..... 13-9596 1448750 Ag 4 P 2 7 , . 15-143 1802119 Ag 3 As0 4 , ... 15-4263 1882627 Ag^AsOn, . 14-893 179Q91 Ag 2 S0 4 , ... 15-596 1 1 *J t/O 1 1930132 AgHS0 4 , . 20-4998 1-3117497 Ag 2 S0 3 , . U-7Q6 Ag 2 S 2 3 , ... AgXaS 2 8 , .... 1 V \) 16-399 24-31 1-2148174 1-3857850 Ag 2 S, ..... 12-396 1-0932816 AgCX, 13-397 1 -1 97007A AgK(CX) 2> 19-916 J. 1 A 1 UU / O 1-2992021 AgCXO, . 14-997 1-1760044 AgCNS, . Ifi-fiOS Sodium -L U U V/O NV, . O.OAK N:iBr 10-301 1-0132587 waBr-t-2H 8 0, ..... 13-9042 1-1431460 Na 3 B0 3 , .... i: ; U 7> 4-2716 10-105 0-6305973 1-0045363 Xa 2 CoJ . 2 . ' Xa 2 C0 3 +10H 2 0, Xa.,C0 3 + 7H 2 0, CO + H 2 0, . NaHCOj, . 19-113 5-305 14-313 11-6106 6-2058 8-4058 1-2813289 0-7246854 1-1557307 1-0648546 0-7927978 0-9245791 XaClV 2H 2 0, XaClO, 5-85 9-4532 0-7671559 0-9755788 YtClO 7-45 0-8721563 10-65 1-0273496 Xa 2 CrO 4 , ! Na Cr0 4 +10H 0, Na.,('r.,(J 7 , . 12-25 8-11 17-118 13-115 1-0881361 0-9090208 1-2334530 M177683 1083 TABLE LXXVs (1). continued. Formula of Substance to be estimated. Weight, in mgms., of Substance = 1 cm. 3 - Solution. 10 Logarithm. Sodium NaF, 4-205 0-6237660 Nal, ....... 14-99 1-1758016 Nal + 2H,( ) 18-5932 1-2693542 Naio 8> . : .' .' ; 19-79 1-2964458 NaNOg, ...... 8-509 0-9298785 NaN0 2 , 6-909 0-8394152 Ka 9 O, . . " . 3*105 0-4920616 NaOH, . . . 4-0058 0-6026893 Na 3 P0 4 , \ 5-4716 0-7381196 Na n PO 4 + 12H 9 0, ( Estimation of - 12-67806 1-1030530 Xa. 2 HP0 4 +12H 2 0, f P0 4 , 11-9433 4-60273 1-0771255 0-6630158 jS T a 4 P~,0~ + 10H 2 6, ) Estimation of 11-159 1-0476253 N^H 2 P 2 O r , J PA, 5-5529 0-7445199 XaPO 3 , ...... 10-205 1-0088130 NaH 2 P0 2 + H 2 0, .... 10-6082 1-0256417 Na.,As0 4 , ) Estimation of 6-9383 0-8412551 Na 2 H As0 4 + 1 2H 2 0, J As0 4 , 13-41 1-1274288 Na~HAsO 8-5054 0-9296948 Na 2 Si 4 9 , ... . . 15-185 1-1814148 NagSi 3 10 , 5-37 0-7299743 Ka 9 SiF 6 , 9-425 0-9742814 Na 2 S0 4 , 7-108 0-8517474 Na 2 S0 4 +10H 2 0, 16-116 1-2072573 Na 2 S0 4 + 7H 2 O, ..... 13-4136 1-1275453 Na 2 S 2 Oh,, ...... 11-111 1-0457531 NaHSO . 12-0118 1-0796182 NaHS0 4 + 2H 2 0', 15-615 1-1935420 Na 2 S0 3 , 6-308 0-7998917 Na SO + 7H 12-6136 1-1008390 NaHSO 10-4118 1-0175258 NaHSO , 8-8118 0-9450646 Na,S 7-911 0-8982314 Na~S"O V 5H 12-415 1-0939467 Na 9 S,0 6 + 2H 2 0, .... 12-1126 1-0832374 Na 2 S 3 6 + 3H 2 O, .... 14-6164 1-1648404 Na 9 S 0. + 2H 9 0, .... 15-3186 1-1852190 N a ;s, . '. . 3-908 0-5919546 NaHS, 5-6118 0-7491022 Na s SbS 4 + 9H 2 0, 15-99113 14-705 1-2038792 1-1674650 Na 2 W0 4 V 2H 2 0, 16-5066 1-2176576 Na 2 W 2 O 7 + 6H 2 O, 31-7098 1-5011935 1084 TABLE LXXVB (I). continued. "Weight, in mgms., of Substance = 1 cm. 3 Formula of Substance to be estimated. Solution. Logarithm. 10 Sodium Na 2 W 4 13 + 10H 2 0, .... 58*513 1-7672524 NaCN, ...... 4-909 0-6909930 KaCN + 2H 2 0, . 8-5122 0-9300418 Na 4 Fe(CT) 6 +12H 2 0, Na 8 Fe(CN) 6 + H 2 0, .... 13-0133 9-97686 1-1143875 0-9989941 NaCNS, 8-115 0-9092885 NaC 2 H 3 2 , ... 8-2074 0-9142056 NaC 2 H 3 2 + 3H 2 0, .... 13-6122 1-1339283 Na 2 C 2 4 , 6-705 0-8263988 NaHC 2 4 +H 2 0, .... 13-0074 1-1131905 Na 2 C 4 H 4 6 + 2H 2 0, . . . NaHC 4 H 4 6 + H 2 0, .... 11-5082 19-0106 1-0610074 1-2789958 Strontium Sr-, 4-38 0-6414741 SrBr 2 , 12-376 1-0925803 SrBr 2 + 6H 2 0, . . SrC0 3 , . . 17-7808 7-38 1-2499513 0-8680564 SrCU, 7-925 0-8989993 SrCl 2 " + 6H 2 0, . Sr(N0 3 ) 2 , . 13-3298 10-584 1-1248236 1-0246498 Sr(N0 3 ) 2 + 4H 2 0, . . . 14-1872 1-1518967 SrO, . 5'1S 0-7143998 Sr^PO.U . 7*5466 \J t LTrL/-ji/O 0-8777551 SrS0 4 , 9-183 V/ O I C. I *J*J L 0-9629846 SrS, . "vQ83 0-77fi91 90 Sulphur- \J t lu -ous compounds, 9) j j 11-625 1 19-621 1-0653930 1-2927211 5-8125 0-7643630 13-8085 1-1401465 9-3575 0-9711598 7-7125 0-8871952 ThF 4 + 4H 2 0, -In -ic compounds, 9-5141 6-6125 0-9783677 0-8203657 Th(OH) 4 , 7-5133 0-8758307 Th(S0 4 )., 10-6155 1-0259404 Th(S0 4 ) 2 + 9H 2 0, 14-6691 1-1664035 Th(P0 3 ) 4 , 13-7125 1-1371166 Tin Sn-, 1 f 5-95 0-7745170 SnBr 13-946 1-1444497 SnCl 2 9-495 0-9774950 SnCl + 2H 0, SnF 2 , - In -ous compounds, 11-2966 7-85 1-0529477 0-8948697 SnL, 18-635 1-2703294 SnO, 6-75 0-8293038 SnS, 7-553 0-8781195 Sn/- 2-975 0-4734870 SnBr 4 , 10-971 1-0402462 SnCl 4 , 6-52 0-8142476 SnCl 4 + 2H 2 0, SnCl 4 + 5H 2 0, 7-4208 8-772 0-8704507 0-9430986 SnF 4 : + > In -ic compounds, 10-1232 4-875 1-0053178 0-6879746 SnI 4 , r . , * 15-66 1-1947917 SnOj, rt r* 3-775 0-5769169 SnSe 2 , *^i r+ 6-935 0-8410465 SnS 2 , SnOCl,, 4-578 5-1475 0-6606758 0-7115963 1087 TABLE LXXVs (\\ continued. Formula of Substance to be estimated. Weight, in mgms., of Substance = 1 cm. 3 -i- Solution. Logarithm. Titanium Ti"" 1-2025 0-0800851 HBP,, . . ; 9-1985 0-9637170 TiCl 4 , . . 4-7475 0-6764650 TiF 4 , . ... 3-1025 0-4917118 TiI 4 , . . . . 13-8875 1-1426241 Ti0 2 , 2-0025 0-3015725 Tungsten w-, ] ( 9-2 0-9637878 WPl 2 ' L ^ n com P un ds corresponding 2' C ^0 monoxide, V\ 1 , 17-196 J 12-745 21-885 1-2354274 1-1053398 1-3401465 WO", J 1 10 i-ooouooo W"-"', r 4-6 0-6627578 WBr 4 ', | 12-596 1-1002326 WC1 4 , 1 In tetra-compounds from titra- 8-145 0-9108911 WI 4 , tion of the negative radicle, 17-285 1-2376694 wo. 5-4 0-7323938 ws,, J 6-203 0-7926018 w-V] 3-0666 0-4866665 WC1 6 , ! In hexa-compounds f rom titra- 6-6116 0-8203109 W0 3 , [ tiou of negative radicle, 3-8666 0-5873367 WS 3 . J 5-2033 0-7162816 W, ] f 9-2 0-9637878 W0 3 , } In ortho-tungstates, . <{ 11-6 1-0644580 H 2 W0 4 , J [ 12-5008 1-0969378 Uranium u-;, ] 7-95 0-9003671 )! 3' L i n tri-compounds, . - 15-946 11-495 1-2026517 1-0605089 UoS 3 3 ; j 9-553 0-9801397 u--, i 5-9625 0-7754284 UBr 4 , | 13-9585 1-1448387 jy-p 4 ' J- In tetra-compounds, - 9-5075 7-8625 0-9780663 0-8955606 uo 4 ;, 6-7625 0-8301073 US 2 , J 7-5655 0-8788376 u, ] 11-925 1-0764584 U0 2 Br 2 , 21-521 1-3328624 UOoCL 17-07 1-2322335 UO F I uranyhc , T ^ 2 2 compounds, 15-425 14-325 1-1882252 1-1560946 UOg(NO ) , 19-729 1-2951051 U01M.+6H.O, j 25-1138 1-4002582 1088 TABLE LXXVs (I). continued. Formula of Substance to be estimated. Weight, in mgms., of Substance = 1 cm. 3 5- Solution. Logarithm. i Uranium U0 2 H 4 (P0 4 ) 2 + 3H 2 Cn U0 2 NH 4 P0 4 , f 25-929 19-1786 1-4137858 1-2828169 (U0 2 ) 2 P 2 7 , In uranylic I 17-875 1-2522460 U0 2 S0 4 , f compounds, | 18-328 1-2631151 U0 2 S0 4 + 3H 2 0, 21-0304 1-3228475 u In di-compounds, . ^ 25 / / 2-56 1 6-105 0-4082400 0-7856857 v-, \ " 1-7066 0-2321487 VBr 3 , 9-7026 0-9868911 VCL, Yp v In tn-compounds, 3' 5-2516 3-6066 0-7202971 0-5571060 VF 3 -f3H 2 0, 5-40826 0-7330580 V 2 O 3 , 2-5066 0-3990965 y.... I VP] ' > Iii tetra-compounds, V ^1 4 , J f 1-28 1 4-825 0-1072100 0-6834973 Ytterbium Yb-, 5-7666 0-7609248 Yb 2 3 , fi'^ififiA O.fil TQ/iAQ Yb 2 (S0 4 ) 3 , . lA.K/JQfl O L t O'XTri/ 1 -09/lOfil 9 Yb 2 (S0 4 ) 3 + 8H 2 O, . Yttrium 12-9718 1 \JAt\J\JLA 1-1130012 Y-, 2-9666 0-4722687 YBr 3 , .... 10-9626 1-0399162 YC1 3 , 6-5116 0-8136921 YF 3 , ..... 4-8666 0-6872316 YIs^ ....... 15-6516 1-1945605 ^2^3, 3-7666 0-5759571 Y 2 (S0 4 ) 3 , . 7'7fiQA 0-KQO/L093 Y 2 (S0 4 ) 3 + 8H 2 0, .... Zinc 10-1718 OW\JZtO 1-0073979 Zn-, . 3* OT O.pri j er 4 f FT rj -|-v At 51454/ / ZnBr 2 , rj g-+\ * 11-266 1-0517697 ZnCl 2 , . 6-815 0-8334659 ZnF,j, ... 5-17 0-7134905 ZnI 2 , ZN o, ...;;; 15-955 4-07 1-2028968 0-6095944 ^n(JNU 3 ) 2 , ... . . 9-474 0-9765334 2n 3 (Vo 3 4 ) 2 2 ,t 14-8788 6-4366 1-1725679 0-8086610 Zn 3 (l 4 ) 2 + 4H 2 0, 7-63773 0-8829645 " ( s>2 " ' ' 11-17 1-0480532 1089 TABLE LXXVu(l). continued. Formula of Substance to be Estimated. Weight, in mgms., of Substance = 1 cm. 3 Solution. Logarithm. Zinc Zn 2 P 2 7 , ZnS0 4 , . ZnS0 4 + 7H 2 0, ZnSe, .... ZnS, Zirconium Zr-, ZrBr 4 , 7-62 8-073 14-3786 7-23 4-873 2-265 10-261 0-8819550 0-9070349 1-1577166 0-8591383 0-6877964 0-3550682 1-0111897 ZrCl 4 , ZrK, 5-81 4-165 0-7641761 0-6196150 Zr0 2 , Zr(OH) 4 , . . Zr(N0 3 ) 4 , Zr(S(X)o 3-065 3-9658 8-469 7-068 0-4864305 0-5983308 0-9278321 0-8492965 Zr(S0 4 ) 2 + 4H 2 0, 8-86935 0-9478918 TABLE LXXVB (2). Volumetric Estimations. (Inorganic.) _ Weight in mgms. Formula of Substance to be estimated. Method of Estimation, etc. of Substance 1 c.cm. Logarithm. Solution. 10 Aluminium Al, The Al is precipitated by caustic NaOH 1-084 0-0350293 ***> ' ' or KOH solution and a further quantity of 15 '00304 1 '1761793 Aici 3 3 , . 2 '. '. ! the alkali is added until all the precipitate 5-338 0-7273786 A1C1 3 + 6H,0, disappears ; two titrations are then made 9-66184 0-9850600 A1 2 3 , . " '. . . A1(OH) 3 , with mineral acid, employing methyl 2'044 0-3104809 3-12496 0'4948445 A1P0 4 orange as indicator in one case and phenol- 4'884 0-6887757 A1 2 (S0 4 ) 3) . phthalein in the other. The difference be- 6'8476 0-8355384 A1 2 (S0 4 ) 3 + 18H 2 0, . . tween the two titrations corresponds to the (NH 4 ) 2 A1 2 (S0 4 ) 4 + 24H 2 0, Al present : Cross and Bevan find that by 13-33336 1-1249396 18-13936 1-2586219 K 2 A1 2 (S0 4 ) 4 + 24H 2 0, . this method 18'98248 1-2783529 Na 2 Al 2 (S0 4 ) 4 + 24H 2 0, . 4A1=5S0 4 . 18 '33848 1 "2633633 Antimony Sb, .... 6'01 0-77tfS74d SbBr 3 , ! SbCl 3 , .... Any compound of Sb"" , brought into solu- 18 '004 1 '2553690 tion in tartaric acid and water, can be titrated 11'3275 1'0541341 SbCl,, .... with 1 2 solution in presence of excess of 14'8725 1 '1723840 SbF,, .... 10 2 8-86 0-9474337 1090 TABLE LXXVB (2). -continued. Weight in mgms. of Substance Formula of Substance to be estimated. Method of Estimation, etc. = 1 c.cm. Logarithm. N Solution. 10 Antimony SbF 6 NaHC0 3 solution. Sb compounds liberate 1076 1-0318123 Sb 2 3 SI>A iodine ; Sb=I 2 in both cases. KMn0 4 or K 2 Cr 2 7 convert Sb 2 3 into Sb 2 5 ; 7'21 8-01 0-8579353 0-9036325 SbX ... Sb=0. 8-4145 0-9250283 sb^ ; .... The factors for the iodometric and oxida- 10-0175 1-0007593 K 2 Sb 2 Q 2 (C 4 H 4 6 ) 2 + H 2 0, tion methods are the same. 16-6195 1-2206179 Arsenic As, .... Iodometric methods 3-75 0-5740313 AsCl 3 , .... As=I 2 . 9-0675 0-9574876 As 4 fl , .... 4-95 0-6946052 AsA, .... 575 7596678 As 4 S 6 By oxidation methods 6-1545 0-7891928 As 2 S v .... As=0. 7*7575 0-8897218 Na" 2 HAsO,, . 8-5054 0-9296947 Na 2 HAs0 4 + 12H 2 0, Factors same for both classes. 20-115 1-3035200 Barium Ba Precipitate as BaCr0 4 and find the oxidis- 4-58 0-6608654 BaBr 2 , . ing power of the precipitate. 9*9106" 0-9981028 BaBr 2 + 2H 2 0, BaC0 3 .... Ba(C10 3 ) 2 , . . . . 2Ba=30=6I. 11-11173 6-58 10-143 1-0457818 0-8182258 1-0061807 BaCl 2 6-943 0-8415680 BaCl 2 + 2H 2 O, 8-1444 0-9108591 Ba('i0 4 , 8-45 0-9268567 Ba(N0 3 )o, - . . , 8-716 0-9403172 BaO, 5-113 0-7087041 Ba(OH) 2 . . . . 571386 0-7569301 Ba(OH) 2 + 8H 2 0, . 10-51815 1-0219386 BaO , .... 5-646 0-7517921 Ba0 2 + 8H 2 0, 10-45093 1-0191550 BaS0 4) .... BaPtC 4 N 4 + 4H 2 0, . 7-782 16-94746 0-8910912 1-2291047 Bismuth Bi, .... Precipitate as basic oxalate and estimate 10-425 1-0180761 BiClg, .... C 2 4 by permanganate. 157425 1-1970737 BiI 3 , .... Bi(N0 3 ) 3) . . . Bi(N0 3 ) 3 + 5H 2 0, . Bi=H 2 C 2 4 =0. 29-4525 19731 24-235 1-4691222 1-2951491 1-3844430 BiP0 4 , .... S-\ 15-175 1-1811287 BiA. .... 11-625 1-0653930 BiAs0 4 , . 17-375 1-2399248 BjA. .... 12-8295 1-1082077 Bi, ... Precipitate as the double oxalate 5-2125 0-7170461 BiCl 3 , BiI 3 , .... Bi(N0 3 ) 3 , . . Bi(N0 3 ) 3 + 5H 2 0, . p- f\ K 2 Bi 2 (C 2 4 ) 4 and estimate the O>0 4 by KMn0 4 . Bi=2H 2 C 2 4 =20. 7-87125 14-72625 9-8655 12-1175 7-5875 0-8960437 1-1680922 0-9941191 1-0834130 0-8800987 Bi 2 O 3 HiAs0 4( . T>; cj 5-8125 8-6875 07643630 0-9388948 Bi^s Boron 6-41475 0-8071798 B, . BA, .... HMW> 3I .... By titration with standard Ba(OH) solu- tion till solution of boric acid is just clear of turbidity which forms at first. Ba=4H 3 B0 3 2-2 7-0 12-4048 0-3424227 0-8450980 1-0935898 1091 TABLE LXXVB (2). continued. Formula of Substance to be estimated. Method of Estimation, etc. Weight in mgms. of Substance =1 c.cm. Solution. Logarithm. Chlorine 01, .... In oxy-compounds (except perchlorates) 1-7725 0-2485862 C1 2 0, .... the estimation may be made by digesting 2-1725 0-3369598 HC10, .... with KI and excess of HC1 and then estimat- 2-6229 0-4187817 01, .... ing the liberated iodine. 0-88625 1-9475562 C1 2 3 , .... HClOo HOlO.sarfa. 1-48625 1-71145 0-1720919 0-2333642 01, . 0-59083 1-7714649 C1 2 5 , .... 1-2575 0-0995080 HC10 3 , .... 1 -404763 0-1484895 CHC1 3 , .... With alkaline Cu" compound CHCl 3 =2CuO. 2-98395 0-4747915 Chromium Or, .... In chromates and dichromates ; estimated 1-736 0-2397164 Cr 2 3 , .... by the oxidising power. 2-536 0-404-2634 Cr0 3 3-336 0-5283128 K 2 Cr0 4 , . . . Cr 2 7 =2Cr0. i =Cr 2 3 =K 2 Cr 2 7 = 2K 2 Cr 2 7 =2K 2 Cr0 4 =30=3I 2 . 6-48 4-9083 0-S115750 0-6909340 Cr0 2 ClJ,' 5-16 0-7132104 K 2 Cr 2 6 01 2) . 5-823 0-7651716 Or, .... Precipitate as Cr(OH) 3 and oxidise by 1-78$ 0-2397164 CrClo, .... KMn0 4 . 5-2816 0-7227709 Cr 2 3 , .... 2-536 0-4042634 Cr(N0 3 ) 3 + 9H 2 0, . 10Cr=6KMn0 4 E=150=30I. 13-34546 1-1253338 CrP0 4 4-903 0-6904914 CrP0 4 + 6H.,0, 8-50653 0-9297526 Cr 2 (S0 4 ) 3) . 6-5396 8155556 Cr 2 (S0 4 ) 3 + 18H 2 0, . (NH 4 ) 2 Cio(S0 4 ) 4 + 24H 2 0, 11-94446 15-94946 1-0771667 1-2027461 K 2 Cr (S0 4 ) 4 + 24H 2 0, . 16-65206 1-2214681 Cr(CNS) 3 , 7-546 0-8777551 Cr0 3 , .... 3-336 0-5233128 K 2 Cr0 4 , .... 6-48 0-8115750 K 2 Cr 2 7> 4-9083 0-6909340 CrOoCl 2 , 5-16 0-7132104 K 2 Cr. 2 6 Cl 2 . . 5-823 0-7651716 Cobalt Co, .... KMn0 4 (best in the presence of HgO) 3-54 0-5490033 CoC0 3 , .... converts Co" to Co"', e.g. 7-14 0-8536983 CoCl 2 , .... 6CoCl 2 + 5HgO + 2KMn0 4 = 7-794 0-8917605 CoCl 2 + 6H 2 0, . . 3Co 2 3 + 2Mn0 2 + 2KCl + 5HgCL> 14-27976 1-1547210 Co(CN) 2 , ... so 2KMn0 4 s6Co=50. 6-6648 0-8237872 Co(CN) 2 + 3H 0, . 9-90768 0-9959720 Co(N0 3 ) 2 , . 10-9848 1-0407922 Co(N0 3 ) 2 + 6H 2 0, . 17-47056 1-2423068 CoO, .... 4-50 0-6532126 Co 3 (As0 4 ) 2 , . 9-10 0-9590414 Co 3 (As0 4 ) 2 + 8H 2 0, 11-98256 1-0785496 Co 3 (P0 4 ) 2 , . . . 7-34 0-8656961 Co 3 (P0 4 ) 2 + 8H 2 0, . 10-22256 1-0095597 CoS0 4 , .... 9-3036 0-9686511 CoSO +7H 16-87032 1-2271234 Co01 3 , . .' 9-921 0-9965555 Co 2 3 , .... 4-98 0-6972294 CoS. . . 5-4636 07374789 Co. 2 S 3 , .... 6-4254 0-8079002 1092 TABLE LXXVu (2). continued. Weight in mgms. of Substance Formula of Substance to be estimated. Method of Estimation, etc. = 1 c.cm. N 1 4. Logarithm. Solution. 10 Cobalt- Co The cobalt is converted into Co 2 3 , this 5*9 0*7708520 CoC0 3 , .... is then digested with a known volume 11-9 1-0755470 CoCl 2 , .... Co(CN) 2 . (excess) of ferrous solution and the excess of ferrous salt estimated 12-99 11-108 1-1136092 1-0456359 Co(N0 3 ).,, Co 2 03+2FeS04+3HaS04=2CoS04+Fe 2 (S0. 1 )3+3H 2 0: 18-308 1-2626409 CoO, .... so that 7-5 0-8750613 CoS0 4 , .... 2CoEE2Fe=0. 15*506 1*1904998 CoS0 4 + 7H 2 U, 28*1172 1-4489721 CoS, '. '. 9-106 0-9593276 Co 2 3 , .... 8-3 0-9190781 Co 2 S 3 , .... 10-709 1-0297489 Copper Cu, By iodometric methods ; by reducing- 6-36 0-5024271 Cu/jBr.^ .... action of cuprous on ferric or on silver 14-356 1-1570334 Cu 2 CI 2 , . compounds ; or by SnCl 2 : also by standard KCNS solution. In all these cases, 9-905 8-26 0-9958545 0*9169800 Cu 2 I 2 ? .' 2Cu=0=I 2 =Cl 2 . 19-045 1-2797810 7-16 0-8549130 Cu 2 S0 3 + H 2 0, 11-2638 1-0516849 Cu.8, .... The copper may also be reduced to the 7-963 0-9010767 Cu 2 (CNS) 2 , . . .. Cu(C 2 H 3 2 ) 2 + H 2 0, metallic state, in a finely divided condition, digested with excess of ferric salt, and 12-17 19-9664 ] -0852906 1-3002911 CuC0 3 , .... finally the amount of ferrous iron esti- 12-36 1-0920185 CuCl 2 , .... mated by oxidation. In this case all the 13-45 1-1287223 CuCl 2 + 2H 2 0, . accompanying factors must be halved. 17-0532 1-2318059 CuO, ... 7-96 9009131 Cu(N0 3 ) 2 , . 18-768 1-2734180 Cu(N0 32 + 3H 2 0, . 24-1728 I -3833270 Cu 3 (P0 4 ) 2 , . . . 12-693 1-1035756 Cu 3 (PO 4 ) 2 + 3H 2 0, . Cu 3 (As0 4 ) 2 , . 14-49493 15-626 1-1612162 1-1938663 Cu 3 (As0 4 ) 2 + 2H 2 <), 16*82773 1 -2260256 CuHAs0 3) . 18-7608 1-2732514 CuS0 4 , . 15-966 1-2031961 CuS0 4 + 5H 2 0, 24-974 1*3974881 CuS 9-566 0-9807304 Iodine I Iodides can be estimated by titration 1-2685 0-1032905 HI, .... with KMn0 4 . 1-27858 0-1067279 Nal, .... KI + 2KMn0 4 = KI0 3 + K 2 + 2MnO 1-499 0*1758016 KI, .... 1=50. 1-66 0*2201081 Iron Fe, .... By oxidation, reduction or iodometric 5*59 0-7474118 FeBr 2 methods, i.e. conversion of Fe"to Fe'" or 21*582 1-3340917 FeC0 3 , .... vice versd. 11-59 1*0640834 FeCl 2) ...'..' 2Fe=0=I 2 =2Na 2 S 2 3 =SnCl 2 . 12*68 1-1031193 ,2? * 9-39 0-9726656 .bei-NO..).!, WoH 17-998 1-2552242 reu, .... 7-19 0-8567289 FeS0 4 '+7H 2 o', Fe(NH 4 ) 2 (S0 4 ) 2 + 6H 2 0, . FeS, 15-196 27-8072 39-226 1*1817293 1*4441672 1-5935740 FeSO,, .... 8*796 13-596 0*9442852 1-1334112 1093 TABLE LXXVB. (2). continued. Formula of Substnnce to be estimated. Method of Estimation, etc. Weight in mgins. of Substance =1 c.cm. Logarithm. Solution. Iron Fe(C. 2 H 3 2 ). 2 + 4H,0, . By oxidation, reduction or iodometric 24-6012 1-3909563 FeC 2 4 + 2H 2 0, . methods, i.e. conversion of Fe" to Fe"- or 17-9932 1-2551084 Fe(NH 4 ). 2 (C 2 4 ) 2 +-3H 2 0, vice versd. 32-2092 1-5079799 FeK 2 (C 2 4 ), + 2H,0, . 2Fe=0=I 2 =2Na2S 2 3 =SnCl 2 . 34-6232 1-5393672 FeC 4 H 4 6 , . 20-3932 1 3094854 K 4 Fe(CN) 6 , . 36-874 1-5667203 Fe 2 Br 6 , .... 29-578 1 -4709688 Fe 2 Cl 6 , .... 16-225 1-2101847 Fe 2 Cl 6 + 6H.,0, 21-6298 1-3350525 Fe,Cl 6 +12HoO, . 27-0346 1-4319199 K 4 Fe 2 01 ]0 + 2H 2 0, . 32 9466 1-5178106 (NH 4 ) 4 Fe 2 Cl 10 + 2HoO, . 28-731 1-4583507 Fe 2 F 6 , . . : . Fe,(N0 3 ) 6 , . . . 11-29 24-202 1-0526939 1-3838513 Fe. 2 (N0 3 ) 6 + 12H,0. 35-0116 1-5442119 Fe 2 3 7'99 0-9025468 Fe. 2 (S0 4 ) 3 , . 19-999 1-3010083 Fe 2 (S0 4 ) 3 + 9H 2 O. . 28-1062 1-4488021 K 2 Fe (S0 4 ) 4 + '2"4H 0, 50-3362 1-7018804 (NH \Fe. (SO ) +"24H.,0 48-2284 1 -6833029 Fe 2 (C 2 H 3 2 ) 6 + 4H.,0, " .' 26-9004 1-4297587 Fe. 2 (C 2 4 ) 3 , . . Fe 2 (C 4 H 4 6 ) 3 , . 1879 27-7948 1-2739268 1-4439636 H 6 Ke. 2 (CN) 12 , . 21-5164 1-3327696 K 6 Fe. 2 (CN) 12 , . 32-959 1-5179740 Fe 2 (CNS) 6 + 3H 2 0. . FeTcL, 25-7224 15-043 1-4103115 1-1773440 o 8' FOgO* . V .' ! Fe 3 (S0 4 ) 4 , Estimation of total Fe by preceding methods. 25-85293 7723 18-398 1-4125098 0-8878047 1 -2647706 Fe 3 (S0 4 ) 4 +12H.,0. . 25-6044 1-4083145 Fe 3 Cl 8( . . " . 1 45-13 1 -6544653 Fe 3 Cl 8 + 18H.>0, . .1 By direct oxidation from ferrosolerric 77-5588 1-8896311 Fe 3 4 , . . . \ state to ferric 23-17 1 -3649260 Fe 3 (S0 4 ) 4 , . . . 6Fe=0=I 2 . 55-194 1-7418919 Fe 3 (S0 4 ) 4 +12H,0, . } 76-8132 1-8854358 Lead Pb, Precipitating the lead as PbCr0 4 , and 6-896 0-8386392 PbBr. 2 , estimating the Cr0 4 " by iodometric or PbCO-,. .... oxidimetric methods. 12-2273 8-896 r-0873317 09492273 Pb 3 H.,'(C0 4 )o. . . PbClo" .... I 2Pb=SO = 6I. 8-60795 9-26 0-9349000 9666109 PbF 8-163 0-9118675 PbI 9 2 ' 15-353 1-1862026 * ^-^g? " Pb(N0 3 ) 2) . . . : 1 1 -0326 1 0426805 Pb(NOo) 2 , . . . ! 9-966 0-9985208 PbO, 7-43 0-8709888 Pb.,0 3 , . . . . 7-696 0-8863026 Pb.,o 4 , . . . . ; 7-607 0-8812578 Pb0 2 7-963 0-9010948 PbS0 4 , .... 10-0986 1-0042640 Pb 2 S0 5 8-7643 94-27188 PbS, .... 7-9653 0-9012039 VOL. II. 4 A 1094 TABLE LXXVB. (2). continued. Formula of Substance to be estimated. Method of Estimation, etc. Weight in mgms. of Substance = 1 c.cm. Solution. Logarithm. Manganese - Mn, . . . . Direct titration by KMn0 4 1-65 0-2174840 MnBr 2 , .... MnBr. 2 + 4H 2 0, 3MnS0 4 + 2KMn0 4 + 2H,0 = K 2 S0 4 + 2H 2 S0 4 + 5Mn0 2 6-4476 8-60952 0-8093981 9349790 MnC0 3 , . 3Mn=2KMn0 4 . 3-45 0-5378191 MnCl 2 3777 0-5771470 MiiCI 3 + 4H 2 0, 5-93892 0-7737075 MnF 2 , .... 279 0-445604-2 Mnl,, .... 9-261 0-9666579 MnI 2 -f4H.,0, M..(N(),) 2) " . 11 -42392 5-3724 1-0577772 0-7301684 Mn(N0 3 ) 2 + 6H 2 0, . 8-61528 0-9352695 MnO 2-13 0-3283796 Mn 3 4 , .... 2-29 0-3598355 Mu 2 0, 2-37 0-3747484 MnO a> .... 2-61 0-41*6406 Mn.,0-, .... .Mn.:(P0 4 ),, . 3-33 3-55 0-5224-143 0-550-2284 Mn 3 (P0 4 ) 2 + 7H 2 (), . MnHP0 4 + 3H 2 O, . 4-81112 6-15168 0-6822462 07889938 MnH 4 (P0 4 )2 + 2H 2 0. . 8-55192 0-9320636 Mn 2 P 2 7 , MnHA.s0 4l . MnH 4 (As0 4 ). 2) 4-26 5-85024 10-11096 0-6294096 07671737 1 -0047925 MnS0 4 , .... 4*5318 0-6562708 MnS0 4 + 4H 2 <>, MnS0 4 + 5H 2 0, . 6-69372 7-2342 0-8256676 0-8593906 MnS0 4 + 7H 2 '>, . MnAl,(S0 4 ) 4 + 24H 2 0, . 8-31516 27-77472 0-9198707 1 -4436497 MnS, .... 2-6118 4169400 NaMn6 4 , * ' '. 8-07504 4-1715 0-9071448 0-6202923 KMnO 4 , 4-6545 0-6678731 Mercurv Hg/ . Hg. 2 Br 2) . Hg.Cl,,. . . . By precipitating tne mercury as HH ( ' ' estimatin S the unaltered FeCl 2 by KMn0 4 . 20-8 35-992 27-09 1-3180633 1 -5562060 1 -4328090 ft 2 -2 > 27-4032 1-4378013 '"~ v n \ 45-37 1-6567688 H^n 32-408 1-510652-2 H^SO 21-6 1-3344538 ,--" w 4' Hcr,S( > 29-606 1-4713797 iigjkjvg, 1 1 trS 72-806 1-8621672 * A 6 kJ t Hg(CN) 2 , 23-206 1-3656003 25-206 1-4015384 H ' % converting all the mercury into HgCl 2 78-57 5 1-8952568 0-6989700 . , 1095 TABLE LXXVu. (2). continued. Formula of Substance to be estimated. Method of Estimation, etc. Weight in mgms. of Substance =\ c.cm. - - Solution. Logarithm. Mercury Hg 2 Br 2> . Hg 2 01 2 , .... and running the solution into solution of 6-999 5-88625 0-8450360 0-7698387 Hg 2 F 2 , .... KI until a very slight red turbidity becomes 5-475 07383841 Hg 2 I 2 Hg 2 (N0 3 ) 2 , . . permanent, i.e. until the equation 4KI + HgCl 2 = K 2 HgI 3 + 2KC1 8-17125 6-551 0-9122885 0-8163076 H g2 (N0 3 ) 2 + 2H 2 0,. is just overstepped. 7-0004 0-8451228 Hg 2 0, .... 5-2 0-7160033 HgBr 2 8-998 0-9541460 HgCl 2 , .... 6-7725 0-8307490 HgF 2 + 2H 2 0, 6-8508 0-8357413 HgI 2 , .... 11-3425 1-0547088 Hg(N0 3 ) 2 , . 8-102 0-9085922 HgO, .... 5-4 07323938 HgS0 4 , .... 7-4015 0-8693197 Hg :i S0 6 , . . . 18-2015 1-2601072 HgS 5-8015 07635403 Hg(CN) 2 , . 6-3015 07994784 K 2 HgI 4 , 19-6425 1-2931968 TT H g , By getting all the Hg in the mercurous 40 1-6020600 Hg 2 Br 2 Hg a Cl a , . . . . N condition and titrating directly against 55-992 47-09 1-7481260 1-6729287 H g2 F 2 , .... Na 2 S 2 3 43-8 1-6414741 H g2 I 2 , .... H g2 (N0 3 ) 2 '+2H 2 0,' ! Hg 2 (N0 3 ) 2 + Na^A + H 2 = HgS + Hg + Na2S0 4 + 2HN0 3 so, 65-37 52-408 56-0032 1-8153785 1-7193976 17482128 Hg 2 0, .... 41-6 [-6190933 HgBr 2 , .... ' 71-984 1 8572360 HgCl 2 54-18 1-7338390 HgF 2 + 2H 2 0, 54-8064 1-7388313 HgI 2) .... 90-74 1-9577988 Hg(N0 3 ) 2) . 64-816 1-8116822 43-2 1-6354838 Hjs6 4 , '. '. ! 59-212 17724C97 Hg 3 S0 6 , , 48-5373 1 -6860759 HgS, .... 46-412 1-6666303 Hg(CN) 2 , 50-416 7025684 Hg, By getting all the Hg in the mercuric 30 4771213 ! Hg 2 Br. 2) . state, say, as HgCU and titrating directly 41-994 6231873 N 35*3175 5479900 Hg. 2 F 2 , .... against NaoS 2 3 32'85 5165354 Hg 2 I 2 Hg 2 (N0 3 ) 2 , . Hg,(N0 3 ) 2 + 2H 2 0, 3 HgCL, + 2Na2S 2 3 + 2H>0 = 2HgS. HgCL, + 2Na2S0 4 + 4HC1 so 49-0275 39-306 42-0024 6904398 5944589 1-6232741 Hg 2 I=3Hg/2. 31-2 1-4941546 HgBr. 2 , .... 53-988 1 -7322973 Hgd 2 40-635 1 -6089003 HgF 2 + 2H 2 0, 41-1048 1-6138926 HgI 2 , .... 68-055 1-8328601 Hg(N0 3 ) 2) . 48-612 1-6867435 HgO, .... 32-4 1-5105451 HgS0 4 , .... 44-409 1-6474710 Hg 3 S0 6 , 36-403 1-5611372 HgS 34-809 1-5416916 Hg(CN) 2 , . . . 37-812 1-5776297 1096 TABLE LXXVB (2). continued. Weight in mgnis <. Formula of Substance to be estimated. Method of Estimation, etc. of Substance = 1 c.cm. "N" Logarithm. - Solution. 10 Molybdenum- ; Mo, MoBr 2 , MoBr 3 , Reduce by Zn and titrate by KMn0 4 . 3 I=Mo/3. 3-2 8-5306 11-196 0-5051500 0-9309829 1 1-0490628 Xfpi' 4 ' 13-8613 1-1418050 MoCl 3 ,' 5-563 07453350 MoCl 4 ', MoCl , 6-745 7-926 0-8289819 0-8990906 MoI 4 , 5 9-1083 0-9594389 MoO,' 20113 1-3034840 Mo 2 0o, 3-73 0-5720967 MoO 4 0-6020600 ! MoO* 4-26 0-6300887 MoS 2 , 4-8 0-6812412 MoS 3 , . 5-3373 0-7273243 H 2 Mo0 4> 6-406 0-8065869 HoMo.,0 7 , (NH^MoO,, . BaMo0 4 , CoMo0 4 , 5-40053 5-10026 6-53813 9-913 0-7324366 0-7075928 0-8154537 0-9962197 PbMo0 4) (NH 4 ) 6 Mo 7 24 + 4H 2 0, . 7-3 12-23 5-88808 0-8633228 1-0874261 0-7699734 Na a Mo 10 31 + 13H 2 6, 6-49030 0'8 1226.')! 5-787693 07625054 (NH VPO//M O V,' 4-rw n 5-097042 07073183 Nitrogen 5-57975 07466135 N, . HN0 3 , . NaNO-,, . Nitrates may be estimated by the amount ferric" 0118 COmp Unds the y can convert to 0-468 2-1016 T -6702458 0-3225500 KNO :J ; . . ..." ^ eC ^KN0 3 +4HCl=3FeCl 3 +KCl+2H 2 0+NO 2-8363 3-373 0-4527572 0-5280163 PMNOA-, ; : ; HN0 2 , XaNO.,, . KN0 2 , . Sulphur N=3C1. nitrites may be estimated iodometrically. Jf ^J + 2 ^^02 = 2H 2 + 2NO + Io It nitrites are estimated by KMn0 4 the factors are exactly halves of these. 5-6656 5 5163 1-404 4-7048 6-909 8-519 0-7532510 0-7416505 0-1473671 0-6725412 0-8394152 0-9303886 S, (Nji&o* .' : : BaS 2 3> . . . . . In sulphides and sulphites with both lodometric and oxidimetric methods S acts as a chad, and factors, etc., for such cases ! wto^S^te.^S mi " 6-412 11-4136 14-8264 24-952 26-0316 0-8069935 1-0574227 1-1710357 1-3971054 1-4155009 Na^Og, I=2S 19-042 1-2797126 Na2^ 2 3 + 5H 2 0, &S5m3f 15-822 1-1992614 Ag 2 Na2(S 2 3 ) 2 + H.,0, 24-83 1-3949767 Ag a Na 4 (S 2 O a ) 3 + 2H 3 6, '. SrS 2 3 + 5H 2 0, 25-2108 22-68173 1-4015867 1-3556762 /nS 2 3) .... 28-98 1-4620984 S . irik/ ^ n , tniosul phates are titrated with i KMn0 4 the reaction is so Na. 2 S 2 3 + 20a + H 2 = 2Na HS0 4 S0. 2 . 17-752 0-8015 1-4267 1 -8533 1 -2492473 1-9039035 01543327 3-2679457 3-119 ( 3-4940154 1097 TABLE LXXVe (2). continued. Formula of Substance to be estimated. Method of Estimation, etc. Weight in nigms. of Substance = 1 c.cm. Solution. Logarithm. Sulphur CaS 2 3 + 6H 2 0, 3-25395 0-5124109 K 2 S 2 3 , 2-38025 0-3766226 Na 2 S,0 3 , 1-97775 0-2961714 Na S 3 + 5H 2 0, 3-10375 0-4918867 Ag:Na 2 (S. 2 3 ) 2 +H 2 0, . 3-15135 0-4984967 2-835216 -4o25862 SrSo0 3 + 5H.>6, 3-6225 0-5590084 ZnS~ 2 0.j, .... 2-219 0-3461573 Thallinm Tl, .... Reduce to the thallous state and titrate 10-205 1-0088130 TlBr, .... with KMn0 4 . 14-203 1-1523801 T1C1, .... Tl=0. 11-9778 1-0783662 T1F, .... 11-155 1-0474696 Til, .... 16-5475 1-2187324 T1 2 0, .... 10-605 1-0255107 T10H, .... 11-0554 1-0435745 Tl 2 Se 12-185 1-0858255 T1 2 S, .... 11-0065 1-0416492 T1 2 C0 3 11-705 1-0683714 T1C10 3 , .... 14-3775 1-1576834 T1N0 3 , .... 13-307 1-1240802 T1 2 S0 4 , .... 12-6065 1-1005945 T1 3 P0 4 , .... TlBr 3 , .... 11-7883 22-199 1 -0714524 1-3463334 T1C1 3 , .... 15-5225 1-1909617 Til,, .... 29-2325 1-4658660 T1 2 3 , .... 11-405 1 -0570953 Tl(OH),, 127562 1-1057213 T100H, 11-8554 1-0739162 T1 2 S 3 , .... 12-6095 1-1006979 Uranium U, Reduce by Zu, then titrate with 11-925 1 -0764584 UBr 3 , .... KMn0 4 23-919 1 -3787430 UBr 4 , .... U=0. 27-917 1-4458687 UC1 3 , .... 17-2425 1 -2366002 UC1 4 , .... 19-015 1-2790963 UF 4 ! .... 15725 1-1965906 U0 2 , .... 13-525 ] -1311373 UAi 14-0583 1-1479338 U0 3 ,' .'.'.. 14-325 1-1560946 U 5 14-3295 1-1562310 UOoBi.,. 21-521 1-3328624 UOoC).~ 17-07 1 '2322335 uoap,, ; ! . ; 15-425 1-1882252 J0 2 (N0 3 )o, . 19729 1-2951051 UOo(N0 3 ) 2 + 6H 2 0, '25-1338 1-4002582 UO;H 4 P 2 8 + 3H 2 0, U0 2 NH 4 P0 4> . (U0 2 ) 2 P 2 7 , . 25-929 19-1786 17-875 1-4137858 1-2823169 1-2522460 U0 2 S0 4 , 18-328 1-2631151 21-0304 1 -3228475 H 2 uo 4 * 2 . ' . ! 15-2258 1-1825802 K,U0 4 19-04 1-2796669 Na.,U0 4 , 17-43 1-241-2974 1098 TABLE LXXVs (2). continued. Formula of Substance to be estimated. Method of Estimation, etc. Weight in mgms. of Substance =1 c.cm. Solution. Logarithm. Vanadium VBr 8 . VC1 2 , .... Oxidise to V 2 6 or corresponding com- pound, digest with known quantity (excess) of ferrous compound, and estimate the 5-12 29-108 12-21 0-7092700 1-4640124 1-0867157 VC1 3 excess. 15-755 1-1974184 VC1 4 , .... 2FeO + V 2 5 = Fe 2 3 + V 2 4 19-3 1-2855573 VF 3 , .... V 2 =0. 10-82 1-034-2273 VF 3 +3H 2 0, . 16-2248 1-2101793 V 2 2 , .... 6-72 0-8273693 Vo0 3 7-52 0-8762178 VA, - . '. , 8-32 0-9201233 VA 9-12 9599948 VO.S0 4 . 16*326 1'21'28798 NH 4 V0 3> KVO .... 11-7272 13-835 1-0691943 1-1409792 K 3 V0 4 , .... 23-265 1-3667031 K 4 V 2 7 18-55 1-2683439 Zinc Xn, .... ZnBr 2 , .... Precipitate Zn as ferricyanide, digest well washed ppt. with excess of KI and acetic 9-81 33-798 0-9916690 ! 1-5288910 ZnCl 2 , .... acid ; estimate the amount of iodine 20-445 1 -3105872 ZnF 2 liberated. 15-51 1-1906118 ZnI 2 , .... ZnO, . hsiZn 47-865 12-21 1-6800181 1-0867157 Zn(N0 3 ) 2 , . Zn(N0 3 ) 2 + 6H 2 0, . 28-422 44-6364 1-4536547 1-6496892 Zn 3 (P0 4 ). 2 , . . . Z n3 (P0 4 ) 2 + 4H 2 0, . 19-31 22-9132 1-2857823 1-3600858 Zn(P0 3 ) 2 , 33-51 1-5251745 Zn 2 P 2 7 , rw Qf\ 22-86 1-3590762 ZnSO 4 , .... ZnS0 4 + 7H 2 0, 24-219 43-1358 1-3841562 1-6348379 ZnSe, .... 21-69 1-3362596 ZnS, .... 14-619 1-1649177 1099 TABLE LXXVB (3). Volumetric Estimations. (Organic.) Formula of Substance to be estimated. Method of Estimation, etc. Weight in mgms. of Substance = 1 c.om. - Solution. Logarithm. Cyanogen and its deriva- tives CN, HCN, .... By precipitation with silver solution 2*604 2*7048 0*4156410 0-4321352 NH 4 CN, or similar precipitant: complete precipita- 4*4112 0-6445567 KCN, .... tion of the cyanogen radicle. 6 '519 0*8141810 NaCN, .... For the cvanides the same factors are to 4*909 0-6909930 Ba(CN) 2 + 2H 2 0, . be employed" when the CN is titrated with 11*2312 1-0504262 AgCN, :' '. '. ; HgCL 2 solution run into the cyanide , ..... 1*1005084 1*1583625 T1CN, .... CNS', .... HCNS, .... NH 4 CNS, . solution in presence of a little NH 4 OH, 11*514 the final point being indicated by a faint 5*81 opalescence. 5*9108 7*6172 1-3619921 0*7641761 0*7716463 0-8817954 NaCNS, 8-115 0*9092885 KCNS 9*725 0*9878896 FeC 6 N 6 "", . . . 5*3035 0-7245626 H 4 FeC N 6 , . 5-4043 0-7327394 Na 4 FeC 6 N 6 + 10H 2 0, 12-1125 1*0832338 KjFeC,jN 6 + 3H 2 O, . 10*5697 1*0240626 (NH 4 ) 4 FeC 6 N 6 + 3H 2 0, . 8*4619 0-9274679 Fe 4 "-(FeC 6 N 6 ),"", . FeC 6 N 6 '", . 7-16683 7-0713 0*8553274 0-8495013 H 3 FeC 6 N 6 , . 7-17213 0*8556483 K 3 FeC 6 N 6 , . . . 10*9863 1*0408527 Fe 3 "(FeC 6 N 6 V". 9*8663 0-9941557 K 4 CoC 6 N 6 , 9-296 0*9682961 K 3 CoC 6 N 6 , . CN, By conversion of the cyanogen into 11*0896 5*208 1*0449184 0*7166710 HCN, .... alkaline cyanido, KCN say, and titration 5 '4096 0*7331652 NH 4 CN, KCN, .... with ? AgN0 3 till faint turbidity be- ,'*?%* 10 lo'Ooo 0*9455867 1*1152110 NaCN comes permanent, i.e. until one just over- 9*818 0*9920230 Ba(CN)., + 2H 2 0, . steps the equation. 22*4624 1 *351 4562 Hg(CN> 2 , . . . 2KCN + AgN0 3 -KAg(CN). 2 + KN0 3 . 24*208 1*4015384 AgCN, .... 28*8 1 '4593925 T1CN, .... 23*028 1 -6630221 H 4 Fe fi N 6 , . 7*20573 0*8576781 14*09293 1*1490013 H>eC b 6 N 6 6 , + . * ' .' 7*17213 0*8556483 K,FeC 6 N fi , . 10*9863 1-0408527 K 4 FeCoC,N <; , . 12*3946 1*0932348 K 3 CoC 6 N f) , . 11*0896 1*0449184 CN. V . . . By converting all the cyanogen into KCN 1*302 0*1146110 HCN, .... NH 4 CN, N and titrating against iodine, 1 *3524 2*2056 0*1311052 0*3435267 KCN, .... KCN + I KI-f-ICN 3*2595 0-5131510 NaCN so 1 = iCN. 2'454f. 0*3899630 Ba(CN), + 2H,0. 5-6156 0*7493962 Hg(CN) 2 6*302 0-7994784 A-CN, .... 7*2 0*8573325 KCN 11*507 1 -0609(521 H 4 FC t; \ (i , . . . K 4 FC (i N (i + 3H. 2 : . 1-80143 3*52323 0-2556182 0-5469413 FeC 6 N 6 "", . Ferrocyanides in very dilute acid solutions 21 *214 1 -3266226 1100 TABLE LXXVB (3). continued. Formula of Substance to be estimated. Method of Estimation, etc. Weight in nigms. of Substance = 1 c.cm. Solution. Logarithm. Cyanogen and its deriva- tives H 4 FeC 6 N 6 , . are converted by KMn0 4 into ferricyanides. 21-6172 1-3347994 (NH 4 ) 4 FeC 6 N 6 + 3H 2 0, . 2H 4 FeC 6 N 6 + = 2H ;{ FeC 6 N 6 + H 2 0, 33-8476 1-5295279 K 4 FeL' 6 N 6 + 3H 2 0, . Na 4 FeC ft N 6 + 10H 2 0, so 0=2FeC 6 N" 6 "". 42-2788 48-45 1 -6261226 1-6852938 Fe 4 -(FeC 6 N 6 ) 3 "", . 28-6673 1-4573873 FeC 6 N 6 '", . . . H 3 FeC 6 N 6 , . . (NH 4 ) 3 FeC 6 N 6 + 3H 2 0, . Ferricyanides in presence of HC1 react with KI thus : 2K 3 FeC 6 N 6 + 2KI = 2K 4 FeC 6 N 6 + !, 21-214 21-5164 32-0404 1-3266226 1-3327696 1-5056979 K 3 FeC 6 N 6 , . . . Na 3 FeC 6 N 6 + HoO,. so IsFeC 6 N 6 "'. 32-959 29 -9306 1-5179740 1-4761154 CNS, .... Thiocyanates titrated with KMn0 4 . -0-9683 i 1-9860247 HCNS, . 0=^CNS. 0-98513 1-9934950 NH 4 CNS, . 1-26953 0-1036441 KCNS, .... 1-62083 0-2097383 NaCNS, 1-3525 0-1311372 AgCNS, 276716 0-4420353 CuCNS, 2-0283 ! 0-3071393 Organic acids and their corresponding com- pounds HCOOH, HCOONH 4 , . HCOOK, HCOONa + H 2 0, HCOOAg, . CH 3 COOH, . CH 3 COONH 4) By acidimetric methods. By acidimetric and alkalitnetric methods : distillation, ignition, or precipitation being sometimes necessary. 4-6016 6-308 8-4158 8-6074 15-2938 6-0032 77094 0-6629089 0-7998917 0-9250954 0-9348720 1-1845154 0-7783828 0-8870206 CH 3 COOK, . 9-8174 0-9919965 CH 3 COOAg, .' (CH 3 COO) 2 Ca+HJ>. (CH,COO} a Cn + H 2 0, . (CH 3 COO) 2 Pb + 3H 2 0, C^COOH, . C,H 7 COOH, . < ;H, ( GOOH, . C 5 H n COOII. C 6 H 13 COOH, . C 7 H 15 COOH, . C 8 H, r COOH, . C 9 Hj 9 COOH, 13-6122 16-6954 8-8082 9-9832 18-9498 7-4048 8-8064 10-208 11-6096 13-0112 14-4128 15-8144 1-1339283 1-2225968 0-9448872 0-9992698 1-2776047 0-8695133 0-9447984 1-0089407 1-0648173 1-1143174 1-1587484 1-1990527 17-216 1-2359323 r n H PnnH 20-0192 ! 1-3014467 Oil ' OOH 22-8224 1-3583613 15 *"*;ji ^ / v/\-'xl , . C I6 H. C ,COOH,. 25-6256 1-4086741 C^H^COOH,'! C 2 H,COOH, . C 3 H 5 COOH, . C 4 H 7 COOH, . 27-0272 1-4318011 28-4288 1-4537586 7-2032 0-8575255 8-6048 0-9347408 10-0064 1-0002779 C^H^COOH',.' (COOH) 2 , 28-2272 1-4506678 33-8336 1-5293482 (COOH). 2 + 2H 2 0, . 4-5008 0-6532897 6-3024 07995057 1101 TABLE LXXVe (3). continued. Formula of substance to be estimated. Method of Estimation, etc. Weight in mgins. of Substance =1 c.cm. - Solution. Logarithm. Organic acids and their corresponding com- pounds (C001SrH 4 ). 2 4- H.,0 By acidimetric and alkalimetric methods ; 7-108 0-8517474 COOHCOONH;+H 2 0, . distillation, ignition or precipitation being 6-2548 0-7962132 (COONa). 2 , . sometimes necessary. 6-705 0-8263988 COOHCOONa + H 2 0, . 6-5037 0-8131604 COOKCOOK + HoO, 9-7158 0-9874786 (C0( )H)r>COOK)r> + H 0, . 6-5853 8-8362165 COOK(COOH) 3 + 2HoO,' .' 8-55515 0-9322276 (COO) 2 Ca + H O, . " . 7-3058 0-8636676 (COO) 2 Fe + 2H 0, . (COOK) 2 (COO);Fe + 2HoO 8-9966 8-6558 0-9540784 0-9373072 CH,,(COOH).,, 5-2016 0-7161369 C,H 4 (COOH)o, 5-9024 0-7710286 CoH 4 (COONH 4 )o, . CoH 4 (COOH)(COONH 4 ),. 7-6088 6-7556 0-8813162 0-8296639 aH 4 (COOK). 2 + 3H 2 0, . 12-419 1-0940866 C Q H 4 (COONa)., + 6H 2 0, . 13-5114 1-1307004 C 2 H 4 (COOA<4,, . 16-5946 1-2199668 G>H 4 (COO).,Ha~ 126716 1-1028314 CoH.,(COOH),. 5-8016 07635478 CHoOHCOOH, 7-6032 0-8809964 C 2 H 4 OHCOOH, . 9-0048 0-9544741 CoH s OH(COOH). 2 , . 6-7024 '8262303 (CHOH) 2 (COOH)o, 7-5024 0-8752002 (NH 4 ) 2 C 4 H 4 6 , . . 9-2088 0-9642031 (K 2 C 4 H 4 6 ) 2 +H 2 0, KHC 4 H 4 6I . . . 11-767 9-4095 1 -0706657 0-9735665 Na 2 C 4 H 4 6 + 2H 2 0, 11-5082 1-0610074 KNa(C 4 H 4 O ti ) + 4H,0, . K 2 (SbO) 2 (C 4 H 4 6 ). 2 + H 2 0, C 3 H 4 OH(COOH) 3 , . 14-1148 16-6195 6-40213 1-1496747 1-2206179 0-8063246 C 3 H 4 OH(COOH\ + H 2 0, (NH 4 ) 3 C 6 H 5 7 + H 2 0, . (NH 4 ).,HC 6 H 5 7 , 7-0026 870906 7-53973 0-8452634 0-9399715 0-8773559 NH 4 .H,C 6 H 5 '0 7 , . 6-97093 0-8432909 10-81686 1-0341014 Li 3 C 6 H 3 6 7 + 4H 2 0, ." 11-90926 9-40646 1 -0758850 0-9734265 ; Ba (C HO) -*- 7H 15-2732 1839300 C H COOH " 12-2048 0865307 CeH'sCOONH,, 13-9112 1433646 C 6 H 5 COOK + 3H 2 0, 21-4238 3303965 C 6 H 4 OHCOOH, . C 6 H 4 OHCOONH 4 , . 13-048 15-5112 1155439 1906454 (C 6 H 4 OHCOOK)o + H 0, C 6 H 4 OHCOONa + H 0, . 18-5098 17-8106 2674017 25067^5 C 6 H 4 OHCOOBiO, . " . C 6 H 4 OHCOOHiO + H 2 0, 36-154 37-9556 1-5581564 1-579-2759 Salicylic' acid and salicy- C 6 H 4 (OH)COOH, . C 6 H 4 OHCOONH 4 , . (C 6 H 4 OHCOOK)., + H.,0, By iodometric methods, I=C 6 H 4 OHCOOH. 2-1746 2-5852 3-08496 0-3373926 0-4124941 0-4892504 1102 TABLE LXXVB (3). continued. Weight in Mgms. of Substance Formula of Substance to be estimated. Method of Estimation, etc. =1 c - cm - iN n _i__ j_? Logarithm. solution. 10 Salicylic acid and salicy- lates (C 6 H 4 OHCOOK)., + H 2 0. C 6 H 4 OHCOONa+H.,0, . C 6 H 4 OHCOOBiO, . . C 6 H 4 OHCOOBiO+H 2 0, 3-08496 2-96843 6-0256 6-32593 0-4892504 0-4725272 07800051 0-8011246 Carbon disulphide and thiocarbonates CS 2 , . . . Absorb in alcoholic potash, neutralise or 7-612 0-8814988 KoCSg, .... slightly acidulate with acetic acid, and all 18702 1-2718881 Na 2 CS 3 the CS 2 will now be found as C 2 H 5 OCSSH 15'482 1-1898271 (CH-,) 2 CS S , . . . titrate with iodine solution. 13'8768 1-1422893 (C 2 H 6 ).,CS 3) . . . I=CS 2 . 16-68 1-2-221960 C 2 H 5 KCS 3 , . . . 17-691 1-2477524 Phenols, etc. C 6 H 6 OH, . . . Precipitate phenols from aqueous or dilute C 6 H 5 OK, . . . alcoholic solutions by excess of bromine 1-56743 2-20316 0-19.ol983 0-3430473 C 6 H 5 ONa, . . . (total quantity known), and estimate excess 1-93483 0-2866435 C 6 H 4 CH 3 OH, . C IO H 13 OH, . C 6 H 4 (OH)., . . . of Br by iodometric methods. Br=I=iC 6 H 5 OH, etc. 1-80106 2-50186 1-83413 0-2555298 0-3982641 0-2634309 C 6 H 3 CH 3 (OH) 2 , . 2-06773 0-3154944 TABLE LXXVB (4). Organic Substances containing Nitrogen. N Method of Estimation. Convert the nitrogen into ammonia and titrate against acid. Many of the mononitrogenous bases can be estimated also by direct titration against acid : with such bases the factors given are applicable to either method. Formula of Substance to be estimated. Weight in mgms. of Substance = 1 cm 3 . Logarithm. Formula of Substance to be estimated. Weight in mgms. of Substance =1 cm 3 . Logarithm. 5. Solution. Solution. Bases NCnH,., 1+ 3 NCH 6> . . . NC 2 H 7 , . . . 3-108 4-5096 0-4924810 0-6541380 Bases NC n H 2n+3 NC"H^ .' I 19-9272 21-3288 1-2994463 1 -3289664 NC,H 9 , . . . 5-9112 NC^u, . . 7-3128 07716757 0-8640837 NcjgH^ ; ; 227H04 24-132 1-3566070 1-3825933 NC 5 Hi 3 , 87144 0-9402375 " ^IS-^-SQ? 26-9352 1-4303202 NC 7 H 17 , . . NC 8 H 19 , . . 10-116 11-5176 12-9192 1-0050088 1-0613622 1-1112356 NCS^gS ' ! Raaea NC n H2 rt +i 29-7384 35-3448 1-4733162 1 -5483255 N( ^ H 21. 14*3208 1-1559672 NC 2 H 5 , . . . 4-308 0-6342757 NCjoH^, . 157224 1 '1965188 NC 3 H 7 , . . . ' 5-7096 07566057 12 27' 18-5256 1-2677722 NC 4 H 9 , . . . 7-1112 0-8519429 1103 TABLE LXXVB (4). continued. Formula of Substance to be estimated. Weight in mgms. of Substance =1 cm 3 . TCT Logarithm. Formula of Substance to be estimated. Weight in mgtus. of Substance = 1 cm 3 . "NT Logarithm. Solution. L Solution. 10 10 Bases NC, 4 H 2n +i NC 5 H n , . . NC 6 H ]3 , . . NC 7 H 15 , NC 8 H 17 , . . NC 9 H 19f . . NC 10 H a> R Q t- Q o \T C* TT 8-5128 9-9144 11-316 127176 14-1192 15-5208 0-9300724 0-9962664 1-0536929 1-1044052 1-1498100 1-1909141 Bases NC n H 2 n-n Ncix;, : : NC! 3 HJ 3 ,' Bases 14 NUH 2 ,,_i 3 14-3112 157128 17-1144 18-5160 19-9176 1-1556761 1-1962536 1-2333617 1-2675472 1-2992370 DclScS iN V-/j|Al2/i 1 NC 2 H 3 , . NC 3 H 5 , . NC 4 H 7 , . . . NC 7 H ]3 , NC 8 H 15 , . . NC 10 H 19> . . Bases NC n Ho n _ 3 NC 4 H BI . " . . NC 5 H 7( . NC 6 H 9 , . . . NC 7 H n , . . NC 8 H 13 , . . NC 9 H 15 , . . NC 10 H ]7 , . . Bases NC M H 2n _ 5 NC 5 H 5) . NC 6 H 7 , . NC 7 H , . . . NC 8 H n> . . 4-1064 5-508 6-9096 11-1144 12-516 15-3192 6-7080 8-1096 9-5112 10-9128 12-3144 13-7160 15-1176 7-9080 9-3096 10-7112 12-1128 0-6134613 07409939 0-8394529 1-0458860 1-0974656 1-1852304 0-8265931 0-9089994 0-9782353 1-0379C62 1-0904132 1-1372275 1-1794828 0-8980667 0-9689310 1-0298381 1-0832445 NC 9 H 5 , . . . NC U H 9 , . . NC 12 H n , . NCj 4 H^ ' '. NC 15 H 17 , . Bases NC M H 2n _i 5 NC 12 H 9 , NC ]3 H n , . . Nc;^; 3 ; : : NC 16 H 17 , . . NC 17 H 19? . Bases NCnH 2n _ n NC 13 H 9 , . . NC^H^ .' NC 16 H 15 , . . NC 17 H 17 , 12-7080 15-5112 16-9128 18-3144 19-7160 21-1176 16-7112 18-1128 19-5144 20-9160 22-3176 23-7192 17-9112 19*3128 207144 22-1160 23-5176 1-1040772 1-1906454 1 2282155 l-262792o 1-2948188 1-3246446 1 -2230076 1-2579855 1 -2903552 1-3204786 i 1-3486475 1-3751001 1-2531246 1 -2858452 1-3162724 1-3447066 1-3713930 NC 9 H 13 , . . 13-5144 NC 10 H 15 , . . 14-9160 NC n H 17 , . . 16-3176 1-1307968 1-1736524 1-2126563 Bases .N Cn-Hsw 19 |;f;, : : 17-7096 19-1112 yfl-^108 1-2472088 1-2812879 1'3120250 NC"H"' 177192 19-1208 20-5224 1-2484441 1-2816059 1-2122282 NcleH 1 ^ 21-9144 NC 17 H ]5 , . . 23-3160 NC 18 H 17 , . . 247176 1-3407237 1-3676540 1-3930064 Bases NCnH 2 _ 7 NC 7 H 7) . NC 8 H 9 , . NC 9 H llf NC 10 H ]3 , . . 10-5096 11-9112 13-3128 147144 1-0215862 1-0759555 1-1242694 1-1677426 Bases NC,,H 2 , t _ 2 i NC 16 H n , . . NC 17 H 13 , NC 18 H 15 , 21-7128 23-1144 24-5160 25-91 7fi 1-3367158 1-36J88-26 1-3894496 T4135947 NC n H 15 , . . 16-1160 1-2072573 NC 2 "Hoa,' .' ' 28-7208 1-458196(5 NC 12 H 17 , . . 17-5176 NC ]3 H 19 , . . 18-9192 NC 14 H 2]> . . 20-3208 Bases NC n H 2n -9 NC 6 H 3 , . . . 8-9064 NC 7 H 5 , . . . 10-3080 NC 8 H 7 , . . . 117096 NC 9 H 9) . . . 13-1112 NC ]0 H n , . . ; 14-5128 1-2434746 1-2769028 1-3079408 0-9497022 1-0121744 1-0685421 1-1176424 1-1617512 Bases NCnH-.,,--^ NC ]6 H 9 , NC ]7 H n , . NC 18 H ]3 , . . NC lt ,H 15 , . NC 21 H ]9> . Bases NCnHv,,--...-; NC 17 H 9 ' ' ' 21-5112 22-9128 24-3144 25-7160 28-5192 22-7112 25-5144 1-3326646 1-3600782 1 '3858636 1-4102034 1-4551373 1-3562401 1-4067854 NC n H 13 , . . 15-9144 1-2017903 N(^HjJ' 26-9160 1-4300105 NC V2 H 15 , . . 17-3160 NC,.,H 17 , . . 18-7176 1-2384476 1-2722501 NC 21 H 17 ' '. . { 28-3176 Rap . 2N 2 C 20 H 2 A, + 5H A 16-2136 18-4656 2098795 2663634 NCXX ' ' 30-3208 1-4817406 NoCojH.w' >>," . 167128 .'.230388 31-7224 1-5013661 N 2 CaHaA, 17-7160 2483657 NC 2 8 H'X ' .' 33-5176 1-525-27-29 N.,C.7,H.,A> 19-7192 2948893 Ngngng* 33-9208 1-5304660 N 2 C^H 26 4 , . 19-7144 2947836 36-2264 1 -5590252 N.>C 23 H 2 g0 4 4 4 H.,0, 23-3176 1-3676839 NCajELjAj 39-9240 1-S012340 NoC.24Ho 8 4 20-4152 1-3U99536 NC22H230 7> 41-3224 1-6161855 N-AoE^A, 25-4200 1-4051755 NCjj.jH.joOg, 46-3272 1-6658361 24-8216 1-3948298 NC 20 H.jAo 44-3272 1-6466801 NAoHj 2 oi' '. ; 36-4248 1-4613972 NC^Hg-Au 68-7464 1-8372499 Substances with 3 atoms of nitrogen in each NC 33 H 46 12 , . 64-7400 1-8111727 molecule Substances with 2 atoms of nitrogen in each N 3 CH S 1-9720 0-2949069 molecule NoC 2 rL.,' ! 2-3048 0-3626332 N 2 CH 4 , . . . 2-2056 0-3435268 N" 3 C 2 H 7 , 2-4392 0-3872474 N 2 CH 61 . . 2-3064 0-3629346 27720 0-4427932 N 2 C 2 H 6> 2-9064 0-4633554 N T JcJnj; 3-1048 0-4920336 3-0072 0-4781623 3-1720 0-5013332 N 2 2 1 4 8 ; : : 3-4056 0-5321936 X S C 4 H-' 3-2392 0-5104378 N 2 C 3 H 8 , 3-6072 0-5571702 N!C H 3-3064 0-5193554 N 2 C 3 H 10 , . . 3-7080 0-5691397 N 8 C 4 H U 3-3736 0-5280936 N 2 C 4 H 10 , 4-3080 0-6342757 N 3 C 4 H 13 , 3-4408 0-5366594 N 2 C 4 H 12 , 4-4088 0-6443204 NAH,, 3-7064 0-5689523 N 2 C 6 H 12 , 5-0088 0-6997337 3-9720 0-5990092 N 2 C 6 H 14 , . . 5-1096 07083869 N'C H 4-0392 0-6062954 N 2 C B H 8 , 5-4072 0-7329724 N' ? C 6 H 9 ' 4-1064 0-6134613 N 2 C 6 H 12 , 5-6088 0-7488700 NjCyHy, '. 4-4392 0-6473047 N 2 C 6 H 14 , 5-7096 07566057 N 3 C 7 H 9 , 4-5064 0-6538297 N 2 C 6 H, 6 , 5-8104 0-7642060 N 3 C 7 H n , . 4-5736 0-6602582 N 2 C 7 H 10 , 6-1080 0-7858990 4-8392 0-6847736 N 2 C 8 Hi 2 , 6-8088 0-8330706 N 3 C 8 H 9 | 4-9064 0-6907630 NAtt-jo, 7-2120 0-8580557 5-0408 0-7024995 N 2 C 9 Hj 8 , 77112 ; 8871220 N'>C H>- 5-2392 0-7192650 NgCgHag, 7-9128 0-8983302 N 3 c 9 H;; ; : 5-3064 07248000 N 2 C 10 H 8 , 7-8072 0'89'24953 5-3736 07302653 N 2 C, H U , 8-1096 0-9089994 NjCftHi, 5-4408 0-7356628 N 2 C 10 H24, 8-6136 0-9351 .M 7 N '.CqHir 5-5080 0-7409939 N 2 C 12 H 12 , 9 "2088 0-9642030 Ni 5 c; H 7 ; .' ; 5-6392 0-7512175 NjAaH-a, . 10-0152 Ni ' I I "" 1-0006596 NC IO H 9 , 57064 0-7. r 6362'2 2 G, 3 H 16 , 10-0104 1 "0(104514 X. { C H 5-7736 0-7614467 N 2 C, 4 H 16 , 107160 10-6104 1-0300327 1-0257318 $& 5-8408 5-9080 0-7664723 0*7714405 N 2 C 14 H 24 , 11-0136 1-0419293 NgCj/jHii* 5-9752 0-7763524 ^2^15 H 22, N-jC^H-jj, 11-5128 12-8136 1-0611810 1-1076712 N 3 c 10 'H 2 ;; : ; 6-1096 6-5736 0-7860128 0-8178033 "2~17"38 13-5192 1-1309510 N 3 C ql 1.,- 9-9112 0-9961262 NAiHao, 15-0120 1-1764386 N 3 C.,.jHo-i,' 11-3768 1-0560202 N.AflR.jj, . . 18-1128 N H 24-5160 1-2579856 1-3894496 N^; : : 4-77306 5-6392 0-6787975 07512175 1105 TABLE LXXVe (^.continued. 1 Weight in mgms. | ! Weight in mgms. Formula of Substance to be estimated. f Substance = 1 cm 3 . Logarithm. Formula of Substance to be estimated. of Substance = 1 cm 3 . 1 Logarithm. . Solution. Solution. 10 N Substances with 3 atoms of nitrogen in each Substances with 4 atoms of nitrogen in -ach molecule molecule N 3 C 6 H n 2l . 5-24026 0-7193534 N 4 C 7 H 12 0, . . 4-2064 0-6239106 N 3 C 7 H 7 5) . . 7-10586 0-8516170 N 4 C 7 H 8 2 , . . 4-5056 0-6537526 7-57306 0-8792717 N 4 C 7 H 8 3 , . . 4-9056 0-6906921 N 3 Ci H 1B 7 , .' ; 9-64133 0-9841371 N 4 C 7 H 10 3 , . . 4-9560 0-6951313 N 3 C 10 H 17 8 , . 10-24186 1-0103791 N 4 C 7 H 10 4I . 5-3560 7288406 N 3 C 15 H 21 0. 2 , . 9-17626 0-9626660 N 4 C 8 H ]0 2 , . . 4-8560 0-6862787 Substances with 4 atoms of nitrogen in each N 4 C 8 H 10 3> 5-2560 0-7206554 molecule N 4 C 8 H 12 3 , . 5-3064 07248000 N 4 CH 2 , . 1 -7544 0-2441286 5-2064 0-7165375 N 4 CH 4 , . 1-8048 0-2564291 N^XA,' .' 5-6568 0-7525708 N 4 CH 6 , . 1-8552 0-2683907 NAH 16 4 , . . 6-1072 07858421 N 4 CH 8 , . . . N 4 C 2 H 4 , 1 -9056 2-1048 0-2800317 0-3232108 N 4 C 10 H 4 2 , . Substancss with 5 or 5-3048 more atoms of r 07246690 litrogen in N 4 C 2 H 6 , 2 '1552 0-3334876 each molecule N 4 C 3 H 4 2-4048 0-3810790 N 5 C 2 H 5 , T98480 0-2977168 N 4 C 3 H 6 , 2-4552 0-3900869 N 5 C 2 H 7 , 2-02512 0-3064508 N 4 C 4 H 6) 2-7552 0-4401531 N 8 ' H * 2-22480 0-3472910 N 4 C 4 H 10 , . . 2-8560 0-4557582 2-26512 0-3550912 N 4 C 4 H ia> . . 2-9064 0-4633554 N 5 C 3 H 9 , 2-30544 0-3627538 N 4 C 5 H 4 , 3-0048 0-4778156 N 5 C 4 H 7 , 2-50512 0-3988286 N 4 C 5 H 8 , . . 3-1056 0-4921455 270480 0-4321352 N 4 C 5 H 10l 3-1560 0-4991370 278544 0-4448938 N 4 C 5 H 10 , 3-2064 0-5060177 N'C'H'' ' ' 2-82576 0-4511353 N 4 C 6 H 6 ; 3-3552 0-5257184 N 5 5 c fi x; : : 3-06576 0-4865382 N 4 C 6 H 8 , 3-4056 0-5321936 N 5 C 7 H 7 , . . 3-22512 0-5085459 3-4560 0-5385737 N 5 C 7 H 13 , . . 3-34608 - 0-5245363 N 4 C 6 H 12 , 3-5064 0-5448615 N 5 C 8 H 9 , . . 3-50544 0-5447426 N 4 C 6 H 1G , 3-6072 0-5571702 N 5 C 8 H 15 , . . 3-62640 0-5594757 N 4 C 6 H 18 , . . 3-6576 0-5631962 N 5 C 9 H 17 , . . 3-90672 0-5918123 3-6552 0-5629111 N 5 C ]0 H 9) 3-98544 0*6004763 N 4 4 cX' : 3-7056 0-5688585 N 5 c]n 5 6, . : 278480 0-4447940 N 4 C 7 H 10 , N 4 C 7Hl2 , 37560 i 3-8064 0-5747256 0-5805144 N 5 C 5 H 5 0. . N 6 CH 4 , . . . 3-02480 0-4806967 T6712 0-2230284 N 4 C 8 H 6 , 3 -9552 0-5971684 N 6 CH 6 ,. . . 1-7048 0-2316734 N 4 C 8 H 8 , 4-0056 0-6026676 N 6 C 2 Ho, 1-8376 0-2642510 N C H 4-0560 0-6080979 N 6 C 2 H 6 , 1-9048 0-2798494 N C H .' 4-1064 0-6134613 N 6 C 2 H 8 . . 1-9384 0-2874434 NAH^, ! 4-1568 0-6187591 N 6 C 3 H 6 2-1048 0-3232108 N 4 C 9 H 8 , 4-3056 0-6340337 N 6 C 4 H 4 . . 2-2712 0-3562554 4-3560 0-6390a79 N 6 C 5 H 6 . . 2-5048 0-3987731 N 4 c 9 rC ; ; 4-4064 0-6440839 N 6 C 6 H 4 . . 2-6712 ! 0-4267064 N 4 C 9 H 16) . . 4-5072 0-6539068 2 7384 0-4374969 N 4 C ]0 H 6 , 4-5552 0-6585074 N 6 CH 8 ' ' 3-2056 0-5059093 4-6056 0-6632862 N 6 6 c 9 H; 2 ; : : 34056 0-5447624 N C H 4-6560 0-6680130 N 6 C 10 H 8 , . 3-5384 0-5488069 NAoHu, . 4-7064 0-6726888 N 6 C 10 H 16 , . . 3-6728 0-5649973 4-7568 0-6773149 N 7 C 8 H ]9 4 , . 3-9633 0-5980585 N C H 4-9080 0-6909046 NgCjgH^OB, . 5-6560 0-7525094 NtcSjo, ' 3-4300 0-5352941 NgCjfiH^Ojj 6-3316 0-8015135 N 4 C 5 H 8 0, . 3-5056 0-5447624 N 9 C 10 H 13 2> '. . 3-23848" 0-5103425 N 4 C 5 H 10 0, . 3-5560 0-5509618 N 9 H 16 H 31 3 , . 4-41786 0-6452126 N 4 C 5 H 4 2 , . 3-8048 0-5803318 N 10 C 11 H 24 5 , . 3-76592 0-5758711 N 4 C 6 H 4 O 2 , . 4-1048 0-6132920 ^"iiCiaHasOg, . 3-66945 0-5646015 N 4 C 6 H ]4 2 , . . 4-3568 0-6391676 NnCXAi, 7-980436 0-9020266 1106 LXXVB (5). Direct Titration of Acids and Acidic Substances with various Indicators. Substance. Fovniulci Methyl Orange. Phenolphthalein. Poirrier's Blue. Name. Factor. Logarithm Factor. Logarithm. Factor. Logarithm.; Sulphuric acid, H.SO, 4-9038 0-6929174 4-9038 0-6929174 4-9038 0-6929174 Thiosulphuric ,, Sulphurous ,, Hosb, 3 57068 8-2076 0-7563927 0-9142162 5-7068 07563927 4-1038 0-6131862 5-7068 07563927 i 4-1038 0-6131862 Phosphoric ,, H.P0 4 9-8024 0-9913324 4-9012 0-6903024 4-9012 0-6903024 Arsenic ,, H,'As0 4 1 14-2024 1-1523617 7-1012 0-8513317 7-1012 0-8513317 Chromic ,, HoCr0 4 11-8116 1 -0723087 5-9058 0-7712787 5-9058 0-7712787 Heli anthin. Formic ,, CH 2 0., 4-6016 0-6629089 4-6016 0-6629089 Acetic ,, C 2 H 4 0.; x 6-0032 07783828 6-0032 077838-28 Propionic , c 3 H 6 o; x 7-4048 0-8695133 7-4048 0-8695133 Butyric , C 4 H 8 2 x 8-8064 0-9447984 8-8064 0-9447984 Valeric C 5 H 10 O a x 10-2080 1-0089407 10-2080 1-0089407 Caproic , C 6 H 12 0, x 11-6096 1-0648174 11-6096 ' 1 '0648174 Glycollic , C 2 H 4 0~ x 7-6032 0-8809964 7'6032 0*8809964 Pyruvic ,, C,H 4 3 8-8032 0-9446406 8-8032 0-9446406 8 '8032 0-9446406 Lactic ,, C 3 H 6 3 x 9-0048 0-9544741 9-0048 0-9544741 Levulic ,, C 5 H 8 3 11-6064 T0646976 11-6064 1-0646976 11-6064 1-0646976 Benzoic ,, C 7 H 6 2 x 12-2048 1-0865307 12-2048 1-0865307 Brombenzoic (o. m. & p.) acid, Nitrobenzoic (o. m. & p.) ,. C 7 H 5 BrO 2 C 7 H 5 N0 4 x X 20-1000 T3031961 16-7080 1-2229245 20-1000 16-7080 1-3031961 1-2229245 Oxybenzoic (o.) ,, C 7 H 6 3 13-8048 T1400301 13-8048 1-1400301 13-8048 1-1400301 Oxybenzoic (m. & p.) ,, Protocatechuic acid, C 7 H 6 3 j x C 7 H 6 4 13-8048 15-4048 1-1400301 1-1876561 6-9024 77024 0-8390001 0-8866261 Vanillic C 8 H 8 4 j 16-8064 1 -2254747 8-4032 0-9244447 Oxalic ,, (anhydr.), 4-5008 0-6532897 4-5008 0-6532897 Oxalic (cryst.), C'HA x 6-3024 07995060 6-3024 0-7995060 Malonic ,, . . C 3 H 4 4 x 5-2016 0-7161370 5-2016 0-7161370 Succinic ,, C 4 H 6 4 X 5-9024 07710286 5-9024 0-7710286 Sehacic / ,, C^oH 18 4 X 10-1072 1-0046309 10-1072 i 1-0046309 Maleic 5-8016 0-7635478 5-8016 0-7635478 ? 1 Fu marie C 4 H 4 oi 5-8016 0-7635478 5-8016 0-7635478 Tartaric C 4 H 6 6 ? 7-5024 0-8752002 7-5024 0-8752002 Meconic ,, (anhydr.), C 7 H 4 7 10-0016 1-0000694 10-0016 1-0000694 6*66773 0-8299781 Meconic ,, (cryst.), C 7 H 10 10 12-7040 1-1039405 12-7040 1-1039405 8-4693 0-9278492 Phthallic C 8 H64 x 8-3024 0-9192037 8-3024 0-919-2037 Tricarballvlic ,, C 6 H 8 6 ? 5-8688 07685493 Citric ,, (anhydr.), Citric ,, (cryst.), C 6 H 8 7 t 6-40213 7-0026 0-8063246 0-8452634 ' Mellitic c 6 Ho 8 i ? 11-4016 1-0569658 5-7008 0-7559358 57008 07559358 Trichloracetic ,, CoHCLiO 16-3358 T2131404 16-3358 1-2131404 ? Dibromsuccinic ,, C 4 H 4 Br.,0 4 13797^ T1398035 137976 1-1398035 i Iso-ethionic ,, Sulphanilic ,, C.,H 6 S0 4 C 6 H 7 NSO, 12-6108 17-3156 1-1007426 1-2384376 12-6108 17'3156 1-1007426 1-2384376 12-6108 1-1007426 17-3156 1-2384376 Methyl-phosphoric acid, . CH 8 P0 4 ' 11-2040 1-0493731 5-6020 07483431 Dimethyl-phosphoric ,, G,H 7 P0 4 12-6056 1-1005635 12-6056 1-1005635 i Ethyl-phosphoric ,, Die thy 1 -phosphoric ., Propyl-phosphoric ,, C 2 H 7 P0 4 12-6056 1-1005635 15-4088 1-1877689 14-0072 11463513 6 -3028 15-4088 7-0036 0-7995335 1-1877689 0-8453213 i 1 Isoamyl-phosphoric ,, Di-isoamyl-pliosnhoric . , Cacodylic t-ki i C 5 H 13 P0 4 C 10 H 2 ,P0 4 C 2 H 7 As0 2 16-8104 1-2255780 23-8184 1-3769126 x 8-4052 23-8184 13-8056 0-9245480 1-3769126 1-1400553 C 6 H 6 C 6 H 3 N,0 7 C 2 H 3 C1 3 0., C 4 H 7 C1 3 0; C 2 HBr,0 X 22-9144 2 1 \ 1-3601085 x 22-9144 2 1-3601085 9-4048 22-9144 16-5374 19-3406 28-0888 0-9733496 1-3601085 1-2184672 1-2864699 1-4485332 Picric acid, .... Chloral hydrate, . Chloral alcoholate, . Bromal, Substance. Name. Salicyl aldehyde, Vanillin. Piperonal, Acetylacetone, Monochloracetone, Monobromacetophenone, 1107 TABLE LXXYB (5). continued. Helianthin. Phenolphthalein. Pointer's Bine. Formula Factor. Logarithm. Factor. Logarithm. Factor. Logarithm. C 7 H 6 0, X 12-2048 1-0865307 12-2048 1-0865307 C 8 H 8 :i X 15-2064 1-1820264 15-2064 1-1820264 C 8 H 6 3 X 15-0048 1-1762303 15-0048 1-1762303 C 5 H 8 2 C 3 H 5 C10 ? x ? 9-2490 0-9660948 10-0064 9-2490 i-0002779 0-9660948 le, C 8 H 7 BrO x 19-9016 1-2988880 19-9016 1-2988880 Not applicable. ? Not very reliable. LXXVfi (6). Direct Titration of Basic Substances with various Indicators. Substance. Name. Formula. Solvent. Indicators. Factor. Logarithm. lylamine, .... NH 2 CH, Water ~ 3-1080 0-4924810 ethylamine, lamine, .... NH(CH 3 ) 2 NH 2 C 2 H 5 ^| t 45096 0-6541380 ethylamine, ylamine, .... N(CH 3 ) 3 NH 2 C 3 H 7 5 > ~ "5 1 5-9112 07716757 tiylamine, .... lamine (normal), (iso), . unethylammonium hydrate, (cryst.),. NH(C 2 H 5 )., NH 2 C 4 H 9 NH.,C 4 H 9 N(CH,) 4 OH N(CH 3 ) 4 OH-H 2 Alcoho'l(dil.) Water 11 1 j- 7-3128 9-1144 10-9160 -8640837 0-9597-281 1 -0380635 line, ..... N CH Methyl orange (0.) 7-9080 0-8980667 lamine, .... NH 2 C 5 H n H. & Ph. 8-7144 0-9402375 ine, ..... NH 2 C 6 H 5 Alcohol (dil.) 0. 9-3096 0-9689310 ;hylamine, .... opylamine, .... N(C 2 H 5 ) 3 NH(C 3 H 7 ), Water it H. & Ph. H. & Ph. 1 10-1160 1 -0050088 otoluidine, .... OiSr^il " f ?,' 2 Alcohol (dil.) 0. ) n \ XT w 3 V107112 1-0298381 toluidine, .... c e H 4<(2) CH, 2 Water 0. \ ethylaniline, N(CH,) 2 C 6 H,' Alcohol (dil.) 0. 12-1128 1-0832445 aethylammonium hydrate, . (t-Tyst), N(C 2 H 5 ) 4 OH N(CoH 5 ) 4 OH-H 2 Water H. & Ph. H. & Ph. 147208 16-5224 1-1679314 1-2180731 loline, NOH 7 Alcohol (dil.) 0. 12-9096 1-1109128 ropylamine, N(C 3 H 7 ') ;{ Water H. & Ph. 14-3208 1-1559673 phthylamine, iphthylamine, } NH 2 C 10 H 7 Alcohol (dil.) O. 1 14-3112 1-1556761 nylamine, .... NH(C 5 H n ), H. & Ph. 157224 1-1965188 flenediamine, lenediamine, (NH 2 ) 2 C 2 H 4 " (NR,).,aH 4 Ph. 0. 6-0144 3-0072 0-7791923 0-47816-23 hylenediamine, . (NH,);(C 2 H,) 2 Ph. 8-6160 0-9353057 hylenediamine, . enylenediamine. . lylhydrazine, (NH 2 ) 2 (C.,H ;i ), (NH 2 >AH 4 C 6 H 5 NH-NH 2 0. H. H. 4-3080 1 10-8144 0-6342757 1-0340024 1108 LXXVii (7). Estimation of some Isolated Alkaloids. The alkaloid is treated with a known volume somewhat in excess of what it requires to form a neutral salt of JST/50 acid ; H 2 S0 4 is best ; and then the excess of acid is found by titrating with N/50 solution of NaOH or KOH. The principal indicators are mentioned in the order of the reliability and sharpness of their indications. Reference numbers to indicators 1. Alkannin, C 16 H 14 4 . 2. Azolithmin. 3. Cochineal. 4. Congo red, C 32 H 29 N 6 S 2 6 Na 2 . 5. Ethyl orange, C ;6 H 90 N 3 S0 3 ." J **J A 9 v Morphine (cryst.), . Narcotine, Nclll^o* 3, 8. 8. Nicotine, Papaverine, . Pelletierine, . N 2^10**14 NC 20 H 21 4 NC 8 H 15 8, 11 8. 3, 11 , 3. , 8. Quinine, Quinine (cryst.), 8parteine, Strychnine, N 2 C 20 H 24 O 2 N 2 C 20 H 30 5 N 2^1 5 H 16 > * * 2,6, 2,6, 6,2, 2 6 11,8. 11,8. 10, 11, 1. Thebaine. Veratrine, NC*XA NC 37 H 53 O n ft) V. 7,3, 8,7, 11,8. 6, 3. 4. Factor =1 cm 3 . Logarithm. N/50. 12-9480 1-1122027 5-78448 0-7622643 7-88576 0-8968436 9-32704 0-9697439 6-06416 0-7827706 5-98416 0-7770032 6-34448 0-8023961 2-54352 0-4054352 10-16800 1-0072355 5-70384 0-7561673 6-06416 0-7827706 8-26448 0-9172155 3-24384 0-5110594 6-78416 0-6314960 2-82320 0-4507416 3-08272 0-4889341 3-62320 0-5590923 4-48416 0-6516811 6-68512 0-8251092 6-22416 0-7940808 1374928 0-1382799 1109 Wt. in Mgms. of Substance^ 1 cm 3 5- Sol. T*I -* -* OS O CO CO oo oo oo co co os TJ< CO CO O CO CO r OS C^ C^ CO OS O OO "^t* C^ ^ OS O l>- ^ -^ -^i c^ oo co t^ i^- co vo os co co co cp ooososun oo-^c^n-icp b b b OMITHO CO -CO CO-^fCM OO-^C^COCO kOt--.!--.-^ CO C -^ OS OO lO CO CobbcO t^C^^HrH'^ ^ ITS J CO O OS CTj CO (M UT5 CO OO 09 to co m m TJI O O Tt* -* 1^^ 1 oo^^mooooQt^- SoocoiOJ^comi^ s rH rH 00 00 O ^fl O OO OS rH O OO co in o 9 s IrH n IN O rH S IrH bboobobb ooohHM rHirH Wt. in Mgms. <>, 00 rt< 00 O M TJ< !O CO OO CO (MC^comor-it^o OOSOJC- OO O p co in ^> OS rH rH rH CO O OO CCCM (M CO (M O oo b Tt< OO m CM (>i n CO OS JO * rHrHOO -r- 1 *- O TS >~> y> ~ gJ "S c to (O 1 1 III K 1 ft i '3 . ? I?f f! O * "f" -T 11 || cc ill II ^ Is^ .s > 9 ^g.S ^je ^^S 2 'N 55 .B S ~ ^ 'a s B S 2 1 > ^ ^ "^ QKJ w^ Kfe r*< O W w w 1111 -^< CO co m O CO VO (M CO OO 00 ^H O rH 3S OO i ii I OS T ICOOSr- li lOT^CO CO ..i io< ) UiC<>>Of^OOSOOlOCOCOrs OS COCOCOCOCOCO^irH(NC^U-il^t^C.t>. CO CO 1>- i < O iO OO O O iO O *O O O ^O CO O O C~ OCpt^vOT lOSOOi ITfCOOS IQ t-s.t-^' i*< 10 Ai *OO(MOOCO 2 0-8404 0-3938 As 4 S 6 As 2 5 0-2739 0-2559 Sb 2 S 3 0-5513 Barium Arsenic As 4 S 6 , . . As 0-6093 BaS0 4 , . Ba BaO 0-5885 0-6570 As 4 6 0-8043 Ba(OH) 2 0-7342 1113 TABLE LXXVc. continued. Formula of Precipitate as weighed. Formula of Substance the Percentage of which is required. Weight of Sample to be taken. Formula of Precipitate as weighed. Formula of Substance ' the Percentage of which is required. Weight of Sample to be taken. Barium Cadmium BaS0 4 , . BaC0 3 0-8455 CdS0 4 , . Cd 0-5392 BaClo 0-8922 CdO 0-6159 BaClo + 2H 2 1-0466 Caesium Ba(NO ) 1-1200 CsCl, Cs 0-7894 BaC0 3) . Ba 0-6960 Cs 2 S0 4 , . Cs 0-7345 BaO 0-7771 CsCl 0-9305 Ba(OH), 0-8684 AgCl, . Cs 0-9269 BaClo " 1-0552 CsCl 1-1742 BaCl 2 + 2H 1-2378 Calcium Ba(N0 3 )o" 1-3246 CaO, Ca 0-7148 BaS0 4 1-1827 CaC0 3 1-7843 BaCr0 4 , . Ba BaO 0-5420 0-6051 CaS0 4 Ca 3 P 2 8 2-4271 1-8437 Ba(OH) 0-6762 CaC0 3 , . Ca 0-4006 BaC0 3 ~ 0-7787 CaO 0-5604 BaCl 2 0-8217 CaS0 4 1-3602 BaCl 2 + 2H 2 0-9638 Ca 3 P 2 8 1-0333 Ba(N0 3 )o 1-0312 Ca 3 P 2 8) . Ca 0-3877 BaS0 4 " ^ 0-9209 CaO 0-5424 Beryllium CaCO ? 0-9678 BeO, Be 0-3625 CaS0 4 1-3164 BeCl 2 3-1873 Carbon BeS0 4 4-1896 C0 2 , . . C 0-2727 BeS0 4 + 4H 2 7-0607 CaC0 3) . C 0-1200 Bismuth C0 2 0"4396 Bi, . Bi 2 0, 1-1151 BaC0 3 , . C 0-0608 Bi 2 S 1-2306 C0 2 0-2229 Bi Bi 0-8968 Cerium 2 3> Bi 2 S 3 1-1036 Ce0 2) Ce 0-8142 Bi 2 S 3 , . . BiAs0 4 , . Bi 0-8126 Bi 2 3 0-9061 Bi O'dOOO Bi 2 3 0-6691 Ce 2 (S0 3 4 ) 3 Ce 2 (S0 4 ) 3 + 5HoO Ce 2 (C 2 4 ) 3 + 9H 2 0-9534 1-6493 1-9122 2-0512 BiS. 0-7384 Chlorine BiOCl, . . i Bi 0-8021 AgCl, . . Cl 0-2472 Bi 2 a 0-8944 HC1 0-2543 Boron 0-9871 C1 2 HC10 0-3030 0-3659 B 0-3142 Clo0 3 0-4146 KBF', B 0-0872 HC10 2 0-4775 mj*. 4 , B 2 3 0-2774 Clo0 5 0-5262 Bromine HC10 3 0-5891 AgBr, . Br 2 HBr 0-4256 0-4309 C1 2 7 HC10 4 0-0378 0-7006 NaBr 0'5482 Chromium KBr 0-6339 Cr 2 3 , . Cr 0-6846 Br 2 3 0-6385 Cr0 3 1-3154 Cadmium J V O Cr 2 Cl 6 2-0821 CdO, Cd 0-8754 Cr 2 (S0 4 ) s 2-5781 CdS 1-1251 KoCr0 4 2-5545 CdS, CdS0 4 Cd(N0 3 ) 2 Cd CdO 1-6235 1-8417 07781 0-8888 Cr 2 3 , K 2 Cr 2 7 K 2 Cr 2 (S0 4 ) 4 + 24H 2 Cr0 2 CU K 2 Cro0 6 Cl 2 1-9350 6-5645 2-0368 2-2957 1114 TABLE L X XVc.rontinued. Formula of Precipitate as weighed. Formula of Substance ^f the Percentage Sample of which is to e required. taken. Formula of Precipitate as weighed. Formula of Substance the Percentage of which is required. Weight of Sample to be taken. Chromium BaCr0 4 , . PbCr0 4> . K 2 Cr 2 0-, . Cr Cr 2 3 CrO, Cr 2 Cl 6 K 2 CrA Cr Cr 2 3 Cr0 3 Cr 2 Cl 6 K 2 Cr 2 7 Or 0-2055 0-3002 0-3949 0-6250 0-5809 0-1613 0-2356 0-3099 0-4906 0*4559 0-3538 0"5168 Copper CuO, Cu 2 S, CuS, Cu.,(CNS) 2 , Erbium Er 2 3 , Fluorine CuS Cu CuO Cu CuO Cu CuO Er Er 2 (S0 4 ) 3 Er 2 (S0 4 ) + 3 7H 2 O 1-2018 0*7987 0-9996 0-6649 0-8321 0-5226 0*6541 0-8737 1-6321 1-9639 C 2 Q 3 0*6798 CaF 2 , F 0-4866 co a , . . Cobalt Cr 3 CrO, K 2 Cr0 4 K 2 Cr 2 7 0-3947 0*7583 1*4727 1-1155 K 2 SiF (i , . HF H 2 SiF 6 F HF CaK, 0*5124 0-6164 0-5165 0-5439 1-0616 Co, . . . CoO Co 3 4 CooO, 1-2712 1-3616 1*4068 BaSiF 6 , . SiF 4 F HF 0-7096 0-4074 0-4290 Co"Cl 2 CoCl 2 + 6H 2 CoS0 4 2*2017 4-0325 2-6281 SiO.,, CaF, 8iP 4 F 0-8374 0-5597 3-7748 CoS0 4 +7H 2 4*7656 HF 3-9751 4*9352 CaF., 77583 CoO, Co 3 4 , . . C 2 o + CoCl 2 CoS0 4 Co CoO 0-7867 1-7320 2-0675 0-7344 0*9336 Gallium Ga 2 3 , SiF 4 " Ga GaCl, Ga 2 Cl 6 5*1854 07447 1-4989 1-8761 CoS0 4 , . CoClo CoSO" 4 Co 1*6170 1*9302 0*3805 Ga,(N0 3 ) 6 Ga 2 (S0 4 ), (NH 4 ) 2 Ga 2 (S0 4 ) 4 + 2-7247 2-2776 5-2807 K 3 Co(N0 2 ), ; , . CoO Co 0*4837 0*1303 Germanium 24H 2 CoO 0-1657 Ge0 2 , Ge u-b'ya Copper Cu, . . Cu-jO 1*1258 GeCl 4 2-0507 i Gebr 4 3*7544 CuO 1-2516 GeI 4 5-5493 Cu 2 S 1*2520 GeS 2 1-3074 CuS 1*5041 Gold Cu 2 Cl 2 1-5574 Au, . . . AuCl, 1-5393 CuCl 2 2-1148 Auo0 3 1-1217 <'uCl 2 +2H.,0 2-6813 Au 2 S 1*0813 Cu 2 0, CuS0 4 " CuS0 4 + 5H.,0 Cu 2*5104 3*9267 0-8883 Hydrogen Au 2 S L , 1-2439 H 0-1H9 CuO i -i 1 17 CtioS i 1 1 i i 1*1122 Indium CuS 1-3360 In A, . In 0*8261 CuO, . . Cu 0*7990 InClo 1 "5967 Cu 2 O 0*8995 In (S0 4 ), 1-8702 Cu 2 S 1-0004 (NH 4 ).,In 2 (S6 4 ) 4 + 3-9158 24H 2 1115 TABLE LXXYc. continued. Formula of Precipitate as weighed. Formula of Substance the Percentage of which is required. Weight of Sample to be taken. Formula of Precipitate as weighed. Formula of Substance the Percentage of which is required. Weight of Sample to be taken. Iodine Lead Agl, . I 0-5405 PbO, PbS0 4 1-3592 HI 0-5448 PbCl 2 , . Pb 0-7448 Ig^5 0-7108 PbO 0-8024 IA 0-7789 PbS 0-8602 ! PbL, i 0-5510 PbI 2 , Pb 0-4492 HI 0-5554 PbO 0-4839 IA 07246 PbS 0-5188 0-7940 PbS, Pb 0-8658 Pdlo, V 07045 PbO 0-9328 HI 0-7101 PbS0 4 , . Pb 0-6829 IA 0-9265 PbO 07357 I 2 7 1-0153 PbS 07888 Til, . 0-3835 PbCr0 4 , . Pb 0-6406 HI 0-3868 PbO 0-6901 loOg 0-5043 PbS 0-7398 IA 0-5527 Pb 3 P 2 8 , . Pb 07656 Iridium PbO 0-8248 Ir, . . . IrCl 4 1-7347 PbS 0-8843 (NH 4 ),IrCl 6 , . Ir 0-4368 Lithium IrCl 4 0-7577 LiCl, Li 0-1654 K 2 IrCl 6 , . . Ir 0-3988 Li 2 S0 4) . Li 0-1277 IrCl 4 0-6917 LiCl 0-7715 Iron Li 2 C0 3 , . Li 0-1898 Fe 2 3 , . . Fe 0-6996 LiCl 1-1472 F 2 2 0-8999 Li 3 P0 4 , . Li 0-1817 Fe 3 4 0-9666 LiCl 1-0978 FeS 1-1009 AgCl, . Li 0-0490 Fe 3 4 , Fe 0-7239 LiCl 0-2968 Fe 2 2 0-9309 Magnesium F FeS 3 1-0345 1-1389 MgO, . Mg MgC0 3 0*6036 2-0902 FeS, . . Fe Fe 2 2 0-6355 0-8174 MgS0 4 MgS0 4 + 7H 2 2-9836 6-1083 Fe 3 4 ; 0-8781 MgS0 4> . Mg 0-2023 Fe0 3 0-9084 MgO 0-3352 Fe 3 P 2 8 , . . Fe 0-4688 F 2 0., 0-6030 MgS0 4 + 7H 2 0-7005 2-0473 Fe 3 4 0-6477 Mg 2 P 2 7 , . Mg 0-2188 Fe 2 0-6701 MgO 0-3624 FeS 0-7377 MgC0 3 0-7575 Lanthanum La 2 3 , . La 0-8527 LajC] B 1-5055 La (S0 4 ), 1-7372 La2(S0 4 ) 3 4 9H 2 2 -2349 Manganese Mu s 4 , , Mn MnO Mn0 2 MnS0 4 2-2138 07202 0-9301 1-1397 1-9790 Lead Mn 2 3 , . Mn 0-6962 Pb, . PbO 1-0773 MnO 0-8987 PbS 1-1549 MnOo 1-1013 PbCl 2 1-3427 MnSO" 4 1-9122 PbI 2 2-2273 MnS, Mn 0-6317 PbSO 4 1-4643 MnO 0-8155 PbO, Pb 0-9282 PbS 1-0721 Mn0 2 MnS0 4 0-9993 1-7351 1116 TABLE LXXVc. continued. p , f Formula of Substance weighed. ^quired!' Weight of Sample to be taken. Formula of Precipitate as weighed. Formula of Substance the Percentage of which is required. Weight of Sample to be taken. Manganese Nickel MnS0 4 , . Mn 0-3641 NiS0 4 , . NiS 0-5865 MnO 0-4700 NiS0 4 + 7H 2 1-8149 Mn0 2 0-5759 Niobium MnS 0-5763 Nb 2 5 , . Nb 0-3507 Mn,P 2 7> . Mn 0-3873 NbO 0-4104 MnO 0-5000 Nb0 2 0-4701 Mn0 2 MnS0 4 0-6127 1-0638 Nitrogen NbCl 5 1-0121 Mercury NH 3 , . N 0-8228 Hg, . . . Hg 2 Cl 2 1-1773 NH 4 C1 3-1365 HgCl 2 1 -3545 (NH 4 ) SO 3-8738 HgBr 2 1-7996 HN0 2 2-7571 HgI 2 Hg(CN) 2 2-2685 1-2604 HN0 3 NaN0 3 3-6948 4-9865 HgO 1-0800 KN0 3 5-9300 HgS 1-1603 HCN 1-5851 HgO, . . Hg 0-9259 KCN 3-8203 HgjjCL 1 -0900 CO(NH 2 ) 2 1-7614 ^ g g C s 2 1-2542 1 -0744 NH 4 C1, . C 5 H 4 N 4 3 2-4641 0-2623 HgS, Hg 0-8618 NH 3 0-3188 Hg 2 Cl s 1-0146 1-1674 (NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 HN0 3 1-2350 1-1780 Hg a Cl 2l . . Hg 0-9308 0-8494 NaN0 3 KN0 3 1-5898 1-8906 HgCl 2 1-1506 CO(NH 2 ) 9 0-5616 Molybdenum- Mo, . . . Mo0 3 , . HgO HgS Mo0 3 MoS 3 Mo 0-9174 0-9856 1-5000 2-0018 0-6667 (NH 4 ) a S0 4 , . C 5 H 4 N 4 3 NH 3 NH 4 C1 HN0 3 NaN0 3 0-7856 0-2124 0-2581 0-8097 0-9538 1-2873 MoS 3> . PbMo0 4 , . MoS 3 Mo Mo0 3 Mo 1 -3346 0-4995 07493 0-2617 AgCN, . KN0 3 CO(NH 2 ) 2 5 CN 4 ' ] -5308 0-4547 0-6361 0-1944 Mo0 3 0-3925 HCN 0-2019 Nickel Ni, . MoS 3 NiO 0-5238 1-2726 Ag, . . . KCN CN HCN 0-4866 0-2413 0-2506 NiS 1-5462 KCN 0"6040 NiO, NiS0 4 NiS0 4 +7H 2 Ni(N0 3 ) 2 + 6H 2 Ni 3 (P0 4 ) 2 + 7H 2 2-6365 4-7848 4-0493 4-9553 2-8235 0-7858 AgCl, . . N NH 3 NH 4 C1 HN0 3 CO(NH 2 ) 2 0-0979 0-1190 0-3733 0-4397 0-2096 0*2933 NiS, NiS0 4 , . NiS NiS0 4 Ni NiO NiSO. Ni NiO 1-2150 2-0718 0-6468 0-8230 17051 0-3793 0-4827 (NH 4 ) 2 PtCl 6 , . NH 3 NH 4 Ci (NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 HN0 3 CO(NH 2 ) 2 C 5 H 4 N 4 3 0-0633 0-0769 0-2413 0-2980 0-2842 0-1355 0-1896 1117 TABLE LXXVo. continued. -p , t. Formula of Substance weig e . required. i Weight of Sample to be taken. Formula of Precipitate as weighed. Formula of Substance the Percentage of which is required. Weight of Sample to be taken. Nitrogen Pt, . Osmium N NH 3 NH 4 C1 (NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 HN0 3 CO(NH 2 ) 2 C 5 H 4 N 4 3 0-1441 0-1752 0-5495 0-6787 0-6473 0-3086 0-4317 Platinum Tl 2 PtCl 6 , . Potassium KC1, Pt PtCl 4 K K 2 KOH KBr TV I 0-2388 0-4127 0-5248 0-6320 0-7528 1-5966 Os, . . . OsCl 4 Os0 4 1-7424 1-3351 iVl KN0 3 K 2 S0 4 1-3544 1-1686 Oxygen HA . 0-8881 KC10 3 1-6434 KC10 4 1-8579 Palladium Pd, . PdCl 2 1-6657 K 2 S0 4 , . K K 2 KOH 0-4491 0-5408 0-6442 Pdlo (NH 4 ) 2 PdCl 4 3-3844 2-6708 3 O o a KC1 KN0 3 0-8557 1-1590 PdL, (NH 4 ) 2 PdCl 4 , . K 2 PaCl 4 , . K 2 PdCl 4 ' K 2 PdC) 6 Pd Pd Pd OOOO 3-0667 3 -7324 0-2957 0-3744 0-3261 KC10 4 , . K 2 PtCl 6 , . K KC1 K K 2 KOH IvCl 0-2825 0-5382 0-1612 0-1941 0-2312 0*3071 Phosphorus Mg. 2 PA, PdCl 2 K 2 PdCl 6 P 0-5432 1-2171 0-2784 0-6376 K 2 SiF 6 , . K 2 Cr 2 7 , . KN0 3 K 2 K K 2 0-4160 0-3549 0-4273 0-2659 0'3202 Ca 3 P 2 8 Ca 2 H 2 P 2 8 CnH 4 P 2 8 1-3932 1 -2222 1 -0512 AgCl, . . K K 2 KOH 0-2744 0-3288 Q'3917 (U0 2 ) 2 PA, P 0-0867 KC1 0-5203 Fe 2 P 2 8) . . P 2 5 Ca 3 P 2 8 Ca 2 H. 2 P 2 8 CoH 4 P 2 8 P 0-1986 0-4340 0-3807 0-3275 0-2054 BaS0 4 , . KC10 3 KC10 4 K K,,0 KOH 0-8551 0-9667 0-3354 0-4039 0-4811 Pb 3 P 2 8 , . , PA 0-4705 0-0765 KCl KN0 3 6391 0-8656 M&PA, . . Ag.P0 4 , . . Ag 4 P 2 7 , . PA p PA P 2 5 p 0-1752 0-2357 0-5398 0-0740 0-1695 0-1024 Rhodium Rh, . Rubidium RbCl, K 2 S0 4 RhCl 3 (NH 4 ) 3 RhCl 6 Rb 0*7469 2*0325 3*5914 0-7072 Platinum PA 0-2344 Rb 2 S0 4 , . Rb RbCl 0-6400 -9050 Pt, . (NH 4 ) 2 PtCl 6 , . PtCl 4 (NH 4 ) 2 PtCl 6 K 2 PtCl 6 Tl.,PtCl 6 "Pt 1-7279 2-2774 2-4938 4-1874 0-4391 AgCl, Ruthenium Ru, . Rb 0-5956 RbCl 0-8422 RuCl., 1-6971 RuCl 3 2-0457 PtCl 4 0*7587 RuO 1-1573 K 2 PtCl 6 , . Pt PtCl 4 0-4010 0-6929 RuA 1-2360 1118 TABLE LXXVc. continued. Formula of Substance Formula of the Percentage Precipitate as of which { * required. Weight of Sample to be taken. Formula of Precipitate as weighed. Formula of Substance W ^8 ht required. , i Ruthenium Silver Ru, RuOo KRu0 4 1-3147 2-0143 Ag 3 P0 4 , . . Ag 4 P 2 7 , . AgN0 3 1-2176 Ag 0-7127 Scandium Sc 2 3) . Sc 0-6476 Ag 2 07656 AgN0 3 1-1224 Sc.(S0 4 ), 2-7634 Sodium Sc 2 (S0 4 ) 3 + 6H 2 3-5571 NaCl, Na 0-3940 Selenion Na/) 0-5307 Se, . SeOo 1-4040 NaOH 0-6848 SeS.; 1-8096 Na^COg 0'9068 SeCl 2 1-8952 NaN0 3 1-4545 SeS 2> Se 0-5526 Na 2 S0 4 , . Na 0-3243 Se0 2 0-7759 Na 2 0-4368 SeClo 1-0473 NaOH 0-5636 Silicon Na. 2 CO 07463 Si0 2 , . . Si 0-4702 NaN0 3 1-1971 SiF 4 1-7284 NaCl 0-8230 SiCl 4 H 2 SiF 6 2-8179 2-3910 Na. 2 CO,,, . Na 0-4345 Na 9 0-5853 K 2 SiF 6 3-6540 NaOH 0-7551 BaSiF 6 4-6325 Na < ,H 2 Sb 2 7 , Na 0-1151 K,SiF 6 , . Si 0-1287 Na 2 O 0-1550 SiO, 0-2737 NaOH 0-2000 SiF 4 " 0-4730 Na^COs 0-2649 SiCl, 07712 NaCl 0-2921 BaSiF 6 , . Si ' 0-1015 AgCl, . Na 0-1608 Si0 2 0-2159 NaCl 0-4080 SiF 4 SiCl 4 Silver 0-3731 0-6083 Strontium SrO, Sr 0-8456 Ag, . . . AgCl, . Ag 2 AgoS AgCl AgBr Agl AgCN AgN0 3 Ag 1-0741 1-1485 1 -3285 17409 2-1764 1-2413 T5748 0-7528 Q'8086 SrS0 4 , . SrC0 3 , . Sr(OH>, 1-1739 SrC0 3 1-4247 SrCIo 1-5299 Sr(N0 3 ) 2 2-0432 Sr ' 0-4770 SrO 0-5641 SrCIo 0-8630 Sr" 0-5935 SrO 07019 AgBr, . . AgoS AgN0 3 Air 0-8646 T1855 0-5744 SrCl 2 , Sr(N0 3 ) 2 , . . Sr 0-5527 SrO 0-6536 Sr 0-4138 0-6170 SrO 0-4894 AgN0 3 0-9047 Sulphur Agl, . . Ag 0-4595 BaS0 4 , . S 0-1373 Ag 2 AgN0 3 0-4935 07236 H 2 S 0-1460 SOo 0-2744 AgoS, Ag 0-8707 SOl 0-3429 Ag 2 0-9352 S0 4 0-4115 AgCX, . AgN0 3 Ag 1-3712 0-8056 H 2 S0 4 0-4201 SoCL 0-2892 Ag 2 AgN0 3 0-8653 1-2687 As 4 S 6 , . *S ' 0-3907 H 2 S 0-4152 AsfoPOj, . ACT *e> 07732 CdS, . . S 0-2219 Ag 2 0-8305 EUS 0-2359 1119 TABLE LXXVc. continued. Formula of Precipitate as weighed. Formula of Substance the Percentage of which is required. Weight of Sample to be taken. Formula of Precipitate as weighed. Formula of Substance the Percentage of which is required. Weight of Sample to be taken. Tantalum Uranium Ta 2 5 . . Ta 0-8206 UA, . . K 2 U 2 7 1-1867 TaCl 5 1-6155 (U0 2 ) 2 P 2 7 , . u 0-6671 Tellurium U0 2 07566 Te, . Te0 2 1-2508 UA 0-7898 TeClo 1-5569 K 2 U 2 7 , . . u 8 0-7148 TeCi; 2-1066 UOo 0-8107 H Te0 4 1-5174 uo; 0-8587 Te0 2 , . Te 0-7995 Vanadium H 2 Te0 4 1-2131 V 2 0- V 0-5614 Thallium VA, . VC1 4 2-1162 T1 2 S, Tl 0-9272 NaVO 3 1-3405 T1 2 0-9635 Pb(V0 3 ) 2 2-2220 T1C1 1-0882 Ytterbium Tl 2 PtCl 6 , . Tl 0-5004 Yb 2 3 , - Yb 0-8782 TloO 0-5200 Yb 2 (S0 4 ) 3 1-6096 T1C1 0-5873 Yb 2 (S0 4 ) 3 + 8H 2 1-9754 Thorium Yttrium Th0 2 , Th 0-8790 YA, . Y 0-7876 Th(S0 4 ) 2 1 -6054 Y 2 (S0 4 ) 3 2-0627 Th(S0 4 ) 2 +9H 2 2-2184 Y 2 (SO 4 ) 3 + 8H 2 2-7005 Tin Zinc Sn0 2 , Sn 0-7881 ZnO, Zn 0-8034 Sn 2 Cl 4 1-1914 ZnCO- 1-5410 Sn 2 Cl 4 + 4HoO 1 -4308 ZnS 1-1973 SnCl 4 1-6609 ZnS0 4 1-9835 SnCl 4 +5H 2-2574 ZuS0 4 + 7H 2 3-5328 SnSo 1-2127 ZnCl 2 1-6744 Titanium ZnO, ZnClo + 3ZnO + 4H 2 1-3899 Ti0 2 , Ti 0-6005 ZnC0 3 , . Zn 0-5215 TiCl 4 2-3708 ZnO 0-6491 TiF 4 1-5493 ZnS 0-7772 K 2 TiF 6 3-0012 ZnS0 4 1-2876 Tungsten W0 3 , W 0-7931 ZnS, Zn ZnO 0-6710 0-8352 WC1 (; 1-7099 ZnS0 4 1-6567 1-4230 ZnS0 4 , . Zn 0-4051 *CaWO 1-2418 ZnO 0-5041 Uranium ZnS 0-6036 UA> U 0-8483 Zirconium 0-9621 Zr0 2) Zr 0-7390 UO* 1-0190 ZrF 4 1-3589 uci 4 1 -3512 ZrCl 4 1-8956 U0 2 (NO 3 ) 2 + 6H 2 1 -7878 K.,ZrF 6 2-3075 UO 2 S0 4 + 3H 2 O 1-4959 ZrSi0 4 1-4927 (U0 2 ) 2 P 2 7 1-2715 1120 TABLE LXXVD (1). For Analysis of Sulphur Compounds, etc. Weight of BaS0 4 obtained from 1 cm. 3 of Vitriol or 1 grm. of Substance. One Litre of Liquid con- tained of H,S0 4 . 100 Parts Original Substance corresponded to S. H 2 S. SO.. SO* H 2 S0 4 . Grm. o-oi 4-20098 0-1373 0-1460 0-2744 0-3429 0-4201 02 8-40195 2747 2919 5488 6859 8402 03 12-60293 4120 4379 8232 1-0288 1-2603 04 16-80391 5493 5838 1-0976 3717 6804 05 21-00488 6866 7298 3720 7146 2-1005 06 25-20586 8240 8758 6464 2-0576 5206 07 29-40684 9613 1-0217 9208 4005 9407 08 33-60781 1-0986 1677 2-1952 7434 3-3608 09 37-80879 2359 3136 4695 3-0864 7809 10 42-00977 3733 4596 7439 4293 4-2010 11 46-21074 5106 6056 3-0183 7722 6211 12 50-41172 6479 7515 2927 4-1151 5-0412 13 54-61270 7852 8975 5671 4581 4613 14 58-81367 9226 2-0435 8415 8010 8814 15 63-01465 2-0599 1894 4-1159 5-1439 6-3015 16 67-21563 1972 3354 3903 4868' 7216 17 71-41660 3345 4813 6647 8298 7-1417 18 75-61758 4719 6273 9391 6-1727 5618 19 79-81856 6092 7733 5-2135 5156 9819 20 84-01953 7465 9192 4879 8586 8-4020 21 88-22051 8838 3-0652 7623 7-2015 8221 22 92-42149 3-0212 2111 6-0367 5444 9-2421 23 96-62246 1585 3571 3111 8873 6622 24 100-82344 2958 5031 5855 8-2303 10-0823 25 105-02442 4331 6490 8598 5732 5024 26 109-22539 5705 7950 7-1342 9161 9225 27 113-42637 7078 9409 4086 9-2591 11-3426 28 117-62734 8451 4-0869 6830 6020 7627 29 121-82832 9824 2329 9574 9449 12-1828 30 126-02930 4-1198 3788 8-2318 10-2878 6029 31 130-23027 2571 5248 5062 6308 13-0230 32 134-43125 3944 6707 7806 9737 4431 33 138-63223 5317 8167 9-0550 11-3166 8632 34 142-83320 6691 9627 2294 6596 14-2833 35 147-03418 8064 5-1086 6038 12-0025 7034 36 151-23516 9437 2546 8782 3454 15-1235 37 155-43613 5-0810 4005 10-1526 6883 5436 38 159-63711 2184 5465 4270 13-0313 9637 39 163-83809 3557 6925 7014 3742 16-3838 1121 TABLE LXXVo (I). continued. Weight of BaS0 4 obtained from 1 cm. 3 of Vitriol or 1 grm. of Substance. One Litre of Liquid con- tained of H 2 S0 4 . 100 Parts Original Substance corresponded to S. H 2 S. S0 2 . S0 3 . H 2 S0 4 . Grms. 0-40 168-03906 5-4930 5-8384 10-9758 13-7171 16-8039 41 172-24004 6303 9844 11-2501 14-0601 17-2240 42 176-44102 7677 6-1304 5245 4030 6441 43 180-64199 9050 2763 7989 7459 18-0642 44 184-84297 6-0423 4223 12-0733 15-0888 4843 45 189-04395 1796 5682 3477 4318 9044 46 193-24492 3170 7142 6221 7747 19-3245 47 197-44590 4543 8602 8965 16-1176 7446 48 201-64688 5916 7-0061 13-1709 4605 20-1647 49 205-84785 7289 1521 4453 8035 5848 50 210-04883 8663 2980 7197 17-1464 21-0049 51 214-24981 7-0036 4440 9941 4893 4250 52 218-45078 1409 5900 14-2685 8323 8451 53 222-65176 2782 7359 5429 18-1752 22-2652 54 226-85274 4156 8819 8173 5181 6853 55 231-05371 5529 8-0278 15-0917 8610 231054 56 235-25469 6902 1738 3661 19-2040 5255 57 239-45567 8276 3198 6405 5469 9456 58 243-65664 9649 4657 9148 8898 24-3657 59 247-85762 8-1022 6117 16-1892 20-2328 7858 60 252-05860 2395 7576 4636 5757 25-2059 61 256-25957 3769 9036 7380 9186 6260 62 260-46045 5142 9-0496 17-0124 21-2615 26-0461 63 264-66153 6515 1955 2868 6045 4662 64 268-86250 7888 3415 5612 9474 8863 65 273-06348 9262 4874 8356 22-2903 27-3063 66 277-26446 9-0635 6334 18-1100 6333 7264 67 281-46543 2008 7794 3844 9762 28-1465 68 285-66641 3381 9253 6588 23-3191 5666 69 289-86739 4755 10-0713 9332 6620 9867 70 294-06836 6128 2173 19-2076 24-0050 29-4068 71 298-26934 7501 3632 4820 3479 8269 72 302-47032 8874 5092 7564 6908 30-2470 73 306-67129 10-0248 6551 20-0308 25-0338 6671 74 310-87227 1621 8011 3051 3767 31-0872 75 315-07324 2994 9471 5795 7196 5073 76 319-27422 4367 11-0930 8539 26-0625 9274 77 323-47520 5741 2390 21-1283 4055 32-3475 78 327-67617 7114 3849 4027 7484 7676 1122 TABLE LXXVo (I). continued. fijhi One Litre of Liquid con- 100 Parts Original Substance corresponded to 2 'o ob'x tained of fl^g H 2 S0 4 . S. H 2 S. S0 2 . S0 3 . HoS0 4 . Grms. 0-79 331-87715 10-8487 11-5309 21-6771 27-0913 33-1877 80 336-07813 9860 6769 9515 4342 6078 81 340-27910 11-1234 8228 22-2259 7772 34-0279 82 344-48008 2607 9688 5003 i 28-1201 4480 83 348-68106 3980 12-1147 7747 4630 8681 84 352-88203 5353 2607 23-0491 8060 35-2882 85 357-08301 6727 4067 3235 29-1489 7083 86 361-28399 8100 5526 5979 4918 36-1284 87 365-48496 9473 6986 8723 8347 5485 88 369-68594 12-0846 8445 24-1467 30-1777 9686 89 373-88692 2220 9905 4211 5206 37-3887 90 378-08789 3593 13-1365 6955 8635 8088 91 382-28887 4966 2824 9698 31-2065 38'2289 92 386-48985 6339 4284 25-2442 5494 6490 93 390-69082 7713 5744 5186 8923 39'0691 94 394-89180 9086 7203 7930 , 32-2352 4892 95 399-09278 13-0459 8663 26-0674 5782 9093 96 403-29375 1832 14-0122 3418 9211 40-3294 97 407-49473 3206 1582 6162 33-2640 7495 98 411-69571 4579 3042 8906 6070 41-1696 99 415-89668 5952 4501 27-1650 9499 5897 1-00 420-09766 7325 5961 4394 34-2928 42-0098 2 840-19532 27-4651 29-1922 54-8788 68-5856 84-0195 3 1260-29298 41-1976 43-7882 82-3182 : 102-8784 126-0293 4 1680-39064 54-9302 58 3843 109-7576 137-1712 168.0391 5 2100-48830 68-6627 72-9804 137-1970 171-4641 210-0488 6 2520-58596 82-3953 87-5765 164-6363 205-7569 252-0586 7 2940-68362 96-1278 102-1725 192-0757 240-0497 294-0684 8 3360-78128 109-8604 116-7686 219-5151 274-3425 336-0781 9 3780-87894 123-5929 131-3647 246-9545 308-6353 378-0879 One gramme of a substance yielded 2-4789 grms. BaS0 4 : find the percentage of sulphur in the substance. grms. =27-4651 per cent. S. 47 = 6-4543 0089 = -1222 One centimetre cube of vitriol yielded 4-3697 grms. of BaS0 4 : find the weight of H 2 SO 4 in one litre, of such vitriol. 4 grms. = 1680-39064 grms. per litre. 36 = 151-23516 0097 = 4-07495 2-4789 =34-0416 4-3697 = 1835-70075 1123 TABLE LXXVo (2). For Analysis of Phosphates, etc. Weight of Mg 2 P a 7 ob- tained from 1 grm. of Substance. 100 Parts Original Substance corresponded to P. P.A- Ca,(P0 4 )., Ca,H 2 (P0 4 ),. CaH 4 (P0 4 ) 2 . o-oi 0-2784 0-6376 1-3932 1-2222 1-0512 02 0-5568 1-2751 2-7865 2-4445 2-1025 03 0-8351 1-9127 4-1797 3-6667 3-1537 04 1-1135 2-5503 5-5729 4-8889 4-2050 05 1-3919 3-1879 6-9661 6-1112 5-2562 06 1-6703 3-8254 8-3594 7-3334 6-3074 07 1-9486 4-4630 9-7526 8-5556 7-3587 08 2-2270 5-1006 11-1458 9-7779 8-4099 09 2-5054 5-7381 12-5391 11-0001 9-4612 10 2-7838 6-3757 13-9323 12-2223 10-5124 11 3-0621 7-0133 15-3255 13-4446 11-5636 12 3-3405 7-6509 16-7187 14-6668 12-6149 13 3-6189 8-2884 18-1120 15-8890 13-6661 14 3-8973 8-9260 19-5052 17-1113 14-7173 15 4-1756 9-5636 20-8984 18-3335 15-7686 16 4-4540 10-2011 22-2917 19-5557 168198 17 4-7324 10-8387 23-6849 20-7780 17-8711 18 5-0108 11-4763 25-0781 22-0002 18-9223 19 5-2892 12-1139 26-4714 23-2224 19-9735 20 5-5675 12-7514 27-8646 24-4447 21-0248 21 5-8459 13-3890 29-2578 25-6669 22-0760 22 6-1243 14-0266 30-6510 26-8892 23-1273 23 6-4027 14-6642 32-0443 28-1114 24-1785 24 6-6810 15-3017 33-4375 29-3336 25-2297 25 6-9594 15-9393 34-8307 30-5559 26-2810 26 7-2378 16-5769 36-2240 31-7781 27-3322 27 7-5162 17-2144 37-6172 33-0003 28-3835 28 7-7945 17-8520 39-0104 34-2226 29-4347 29 8-0729 18-4896 40-4036 35-4448 30-4859 30 8-3513 19-1272 41-7969 36-6670 31-5372 31 8-6297 19-7647 43-1901 37-8892 32-5884 32 8-9080 20-4023 44-5833 39-1115 33-6397 33 9-1864 21-0:399 45-9766 40-3337 34-6909 34 9-4648 21-6774 47-3698 41-5560 35-7421 35 9-7432 22-3150 48-7640 42-7782 36-7934 36 10-0216 22-9526 50-1562 44-0004 37-8446 37 10-2999 23-5902 51-5495 45-2227 38-8959 38 10-5783 24-2277 52-9427 46-4449 40-9471 39 10-8567 24-8653 54-3359 47-6671 41-9983 40 11-1351 25-5029 55-7292 48-8894 42-0496 41 11-4134 26-1404 57-1224 50-1116 43-1008 42 11-6918 26-7780 58-5J56 51-3338 44-1520 43 11-9702 27-4156 59-9089 52-5561 45-2033 1124 TABLE LXXVo (2). continued. Weight of Mg 2 P 2 7 ob- tained from 100 Parts Original Substance corresponded to 1 Tin. of * o Substance. P. P 2 5 . Ca,(P0 4 ) 2 . Ca. 2 H. 2 (P0 4 ) 2 . CaH 4 (P0 4 ). 2 . 0-44 12-2486 28-0532 61-3021 53-7783 46-2545 45 12-5269 28-6907 62-6953 55-0005 47-3058 46 12-8053 29-3283 64-0885 56-2228 48-3570 47 13-0837 29-9659 65-4818 57-4450 49-4082 48 13-3621 30-6034 66-8750 58-6672 50-4595 49 13-6404 31-2410 68.2682 59-8895 51-5107 50 13-9188 31-8786 69-6615 61-1117 52*5620 51 14-1972 32-5162 71-0547 62-3339 53-6132 52 14-4756 33-1537 72-4479 63-5562 54-6644 53 14-7540 33-7913 73-8411 64-7784 55-7157 54 15-0323 34-4289 75-2344 66-0006 56-7669 55 15-3107 35-0665 76-6276 67-2229 57-8182 56 15-5891 35-7040 78-0208 68-4451 58-8694 57 15-8675 36-3416 79-4141 69-6673 59-9206 58 16-1458 36-9792 80-8073 70-8896 60-9719 59 16-4242 37-6167 82-2005 72-1118 62-0231 60 16-7026 38-2543 83-5937 73-3341 63-0744 61 169810 38-8919 84-9870 74-5563 64-1256 62 17-2593 39-5295 86-3802 75-7785 65-1768 63 17-5377 40-1670 87-7734 77-0008 66-2281 64 17-8161 40-8046 89-1667 78-2230 67-2793 65 18-0945 41-4422 90-5599 79-4452 68-3305 66 18-3728 42-0797 91-9531 80-6675 69-3818 67 18-6512 42-7173 93-3464 81-8897 70-4330 68 18-9296 433549 94-7396 83-1119 71-4843 69 19-2080 43-9925 96-1328 84-3342 72-5355 70 19-4864 44-6300 97-5260 85-5564 73-5867 71 19-7647 45-2676 98-9193 86-7786 74-6380 72 20-0431 45-9052 100-3125 88-0009 75-6892 73 20-3215 46-5427 101-7057 89-2231 76-7405 74 20-5999 47-1803 103-0990 90-4453 77-7917 75 20-8782 47-8179 104-4922 91-6676 78-8429 76 21-1566 48-4555 105-8854 92-8898 79-8942 77 21-4350 49-0930 107-2786 94-1120 80-9454 78 21-7134 49-7306 108-6719 95-3343 81-9967 79 21-9917 50-3682 110-0651 96-5565 83-0479 80 22-2701 51-0057 111-4583 97-7787 84-0991 81 22-5485 51-6433 112-8516 99-0010 85-1504 *2 22-8269 52-2809 114-2448 100-2232 86-2016 83 23-1052 52-9185 1156380 101-4454 87-2529 84 23-3836 53-5560 117-0312 102-6677 88-3041 85 23-6620 54-1936 118-4245 103-8899 89-3553 86 23-9404 54-8312 119-8177 105-1121 90-4066 1125 TABLE LXXVD (2). continued. Weight of Mg 2 P 2 7 ob- tained from 100 Parts Original Substance corresponded to 1 grm. of Substance. P. PA. Ca 3 (P0 4 ) 2 . Ca 2 H 2 (P0 4 ) 2 . CaH 4 (P0 4 ) 2 . 87 24-2188 55-4688 121-2109 106-3344 91-4578 88 24-4971 56-1063 122-6042 107-5566 92-5091 89 24-7755 56-7439 123-9974 108-7788 93-5603 90 25-0539 57-3815 125-3906 110-0011 94-6115 91 25-3323 58-0190 126-7839 111-2233 95-6628 92 25-6106 58-6566 128-1771 112-4455 96-7140 93 25-8890 59-2942 129-5703 113-6678 97-7652 94 26-1674 59-9318 130-9635 114-8900 98-8165 95 26-4458 60-5693 132-3568 116-1122 99-8677 96 26-7241 61-2069 133-7500 117-3345 100-9190 97 27-0025 61-8445 135-1432 118-5567 101-9702 98 27-2809 62-4820 136-5365 119-7790 103-0214 99 27-5593 63-1196 137-9297 121-0012 104-0727 1-00 27-8376 63-7572 139-3229 J 22-2234 105-1239 2 55-6753 127-5144 278-6458 244-4468 210-2478 3 83-5129 191-2716 417-9687 366-6703 315-3718 4 111-3506 255-0287 557-2917 488-8937 420-4957 5 139-1882 318-7859 696-6146 611-1171 525-6196 6 167-0259 382-5431 835-9375 733-3405 630-7435 7 194-8635 446-3003 975-2604 855-5639 735-8674 8 222-7011 , 510-0575 1114-5833 977-7874 840-9914 9 250-5388 573-8147 1253-9062 1100-0108 946-1153 This table enables one to get at once, by simple addition, the percentage of P, P 2 5 , et,c., in a sample of manure or other phosphatic material : e.g. a gramme of a mineral yielded 0-6978 grm. of Mg 2 P 2 7 ; find the percentage of P 2 5 in the substance 0-69 "grm. Mg 2 P 2 7 corresponds to 43'9925 per cent. P 2 5 . 0078 ~ -4973 .-. 0-6978 44-4898 One gramme of a phosphide yielded, on oxidation and precipitation, 2 -7 6 95 grm. of Mg 2 P 9 7 ; find the percentage of phosphorus in the sample 2* grms. of Mg 2 P 2 7 corresponds to 55'6753 per cent, of P. 76 21-1566 0095 '2645 .-. Percentage of P in the phosphide = 77-0964 Percentage determinations can only be reliable to the second place of decimals in most cases. VOL. II. 4 C 1126 TABLE LXXVD (3). Assay Table. (a) Giving weight per ton (in Troy weight) of metal corresponding to weight of metal per 100,000 parts of assay. Pts. per Weight of Metal per Ton ( Av. ). Pts. per Weight of Meta per Ton (Av.). Pts. per Weight of Meta per Ton (Av.). Pts. per Weight of Metal per Ton (Av.). 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 oz. dwts. grs. oz. dwts. grs. oz. dwts. grs. oz. dwts. grs. o-i 15-68 30 9 16 O'O 68 22 4 6-4 106 34 12 12-8 0-2 1 7-36 31 10 2 12-8 69 22 10 19-2 107 34 19 1-6 0-3 1 23-04 32 10 9 1-6 70 22 17 8-0 108 35 5 14-4 0-4 2 14-72 33 10 15 14-4 71 23 3 20-8 108 35 12 3-2 0-5 3 6-40 34 11 2 3-2 72 23 10 9-6 110 35 18 16-0 0-6 3 22-08 35 11 8 16-0 73 23 16 22-4 111 36 5 4-8 0-7 4 13-76 36 11 15 4-8 74 24 3 11-2 112 36 11 17-6 0-8 05 5-44 37 12 1 176 75 24 10 0-0 113 36 18 6-4 0-9 5 21-12 38 12 8 6-4 76 24 16 12-8 114 37 4 19-2 1 6 12-80 39 12 14 19-2 77 25 3 1-6 115 37 11 8-0 2 13 1-6 40 13 1 8-0 78 25 9 14-4 116 37 17 20-8 3 19 14-4 41 13 7 20-8 79 25 16 3-2 117 38 4 9-6 4 1 6 3-2 42 13 14 9-6 80 26 2 16-0 118 38 10 22-4 5 1 12 16-0 43 14 22-4 81 26 9 4-8 119 38 17 11-2 6 1 19 4-8 44 14 7 11-2 82 26 15 17-6 120 39 4 0-0 7 2 5 17-6 45 14 14 0-0 83 27 2 6-4 121 39 10 12-8 8 2 12 6-4 46 15 12-8 84 27 8 19-2 122 39 17 1-6 9 2 18 19-2 47 15 7 1-6 85 27 15 8-0 123 40 3 14-4 10 3 5 8-0 48 15 13 14-4 86 28 1 20-8 124 40 10 3-2 11 3 11 20-8 49 16 3-2 87 28 8 9-6 125 40 16 16-0 12 3 18 9-6 50 16 6 16-0 88 28 14 22-4 126 41 3 4-8 13 4 4 22-4 51 16 13 4-8 89 29 1 11-2 127 41 9 17-6 14 4 11 11-2 52 16 19 17-6 90 29 8 0-0 128 41 16 6'4 15 4 18 0-0 53 17 6 6-4 91 29 14 12-8 129 42 2 19-2 16 5 4 12-8 54 17 12 19-2 92 30 1 1-6 130 42 9 8-0 17 5 11 1-6 55 17 19 8-0 93 30 7 14-4 131 42 15 20-8 18 5 17 14-4 56 18 5 20-8 94 30 14 3-2 132 43 2 9-6 19 6 4 3-2 57 18 12 9-6 95 31 16-0 133 43 8 22-4 20 6 10 16-0 58 18 18 22-4 96 31 7 4-8 134 43 15 11-2 21 6 17 4-8 59 19 5 11-2 97 31 13 17-6 135 44 2 0-0 22 7 3 17-6 60 19 12 0-0 98 32 6-4 136 44 8 12-8 23 7 10 6-4 61 19 18 12-8 99 32 6 19-2 137 44 15 1-6 24 7 16 19-2 62 20 5 1-6 100 32 13 8-0 138 45 1 14-4 25 8 3 8-0 63 20 11 14-4 101 32 19 20-8 139 45 8 3-2 26 8 9 20-8 64 20 18 3-2 102 33 6 9-6 140 45 14 16-0 27 8 16 9-6 65 21 4 16-0 103 33 12 22-4 141 46 1 4-8 28 9 2 22-4 66 21 11 4-8 104 33 19 11-2 142 46 7 17-6 29 9 9 11-2 67 21 17 17-6 105 34 6 0-0 143 46 14 6-4 1127 TABLE LXXYo (3). continued. Pts. per 100,000. Weight of Metal per Ton (Av.). Pts. per 100,000. Weight of Metal per Ton (Av.). Pts. per 100,000. Weight of Metal per Ton (Av.). Pts. per 100,000. Weight of Metal per Ton (Av.). oz. dwts. grs. oz. dwts. grs. oz. dwts. grs. oz. dwts. grs. 144 47 19-2 184 60 2 3-2 224 73 3 11-2 264 86 4 19-2 145 47 7 8-0 185 60 8 16-0 225 73 10 0-0 265 86 11 8-0 146 47 13 20-8 186 60 15 4-8 226 73 16 12-8 266 86 17 20-8 147 48 9-6 187 61 1 17-6 227 74 3 1-6 267 87 4 9'6 148 48 6 22-4 188 61 8 6-4 228 74 9 14-4 268 87 10 22-4 149 48 13 11-2 189 61 14 19-2 229 74 16 3-2 269 87 17 11-2 150 49 0-0 190 62 1 8-0 230 75 2 16-0 270 88 4 0-0 151 49 6 12-8 191 62 7 20-8 231 75 9 4-8 271 88 10 12-8 152 49 13 1-6 192 62 14 9-6 232 75 15 17-6 272 88 17 1-6 153 49 19 14-4 193 63 22-4 233 76 2 6-4 273 89 3 14-4 154 50 6 3-2 194 63 7 11-2 234 76 8 19-2 274 89 10 3'2 155 50 12 16-0 195 63 14 0-0 235 76 15 8-0 275 89 16 16-0 156 50 19 4-8 196 64 12-8 236 77 1 20-8 276 90 3 4-8 157 51 5 17-6 197 64 7 1-6 237 77 8 9-6 277 90 9 17-6 158 51 12 6-4 198 64 13 14-4 238 77 14 22-4 278 90 16 6-4 159 51 18 19-2 199 65 3-2 239 78 1 11-2 279 91 2 19-2 160 52 5 8-0 200 65 6 16-0 240 78 8 0-0 280 91 9 8-0 161 52 11 20-8 201 65 13 4-8 241 78 14 12-8 281 91 15 20-8 162 52 18 9-6 202 65 19 17-6 242 79 1 1-6 282 92 2 9'6 163 53 4 22-4 203 66 6 6-4 243 79 7 14-4 283 92 8 22-4 164 53 11 11-2 204 66 12 19-2 244 79 14 3-2 284 92 15 11-2 165 53 18 0-0 205 66 19 8-0 245 80 16-0 285 93 2 0-0 166 54 4 12-8 206 67 5 20-8 246 80 7 4-8 286 93 8 12-8 167 54 11 1-6 207 67 12 9-6 247 80 13 17-6 287 93 15 1-6 168 54 17 14-4 208 67 18 22-4 248 81 6-4 288 94 1 14-4 169 55 4 3-2 209 68 5 11-2 249 81 6 19-2 289 94 8 3-2 170 55 10 16-0 210 68 12 0-0 250 81 13 8-0 290 94 14 16-0 171 55 17 4-8 211 68 18 12-8 251 81 19 20-8 291 95 1 4-8 172 56 3 17-6 212 69 5 1-6 252 82 6 9-6 292 95 7 17-6 173 56 10 6-4 213 69 11 14-4 253 82 12 22-4 293 95 14 6-4 174 56 16 19-2 214 69 18 3-2 254 82 19 11-2 294 96 19-2 175 57 3 8-0 215 70 4 16-0 255 83 6 0-0 295 96 7 8-0 176 57 9 20-8 216 70 11 4-8 256 83 12 12-8 296 96 13 20-8 177 57 16 9-6 217 70 17 17-6 257 83 19 1-6 297 97 9*6 178 58 2 22-4 218 71 4 6-4 258 84 5 14-4 298 97 6 22-4 179 58 9 11-2 219 71 10 19-2 259 84 12 3-2 299 97 13 11-2 180 58 16 0-0 220 71 17 8-0 260 84 18 16-0 300 98 0-0 181 59 2 12-8 221 72 3 20-8 261 85 5 4-8 301 98 6 12-8 182 59 9 1-6 222 72 10 9-6 262 85 11 17-6 302 98 la 1-6 183 59 15 14-4 223 72 16 22-4 263 85 18 6-4 303 98 19 14-4 1128 TABLE LXXVD (3). continued. Weight of Metal Weight of Metal Weight of Metal Weight of Metal Pts. per per Ton ( Av. ). Pts. per per Ton (Av.). Pts. per per Ton (Av.). Pts. per per Ton (Av.). 100,000. 100,000. 100,000. 100,000. oz. dwts. grs. oz. dwts. grs. oz. dwts. grs. oz. dwts. grs. 304 99 6 3-2 344 112 7 11-2 384 125 8 19-2 424 138 10 3-2 305 99 12 16-0 345 112 14 0-0 385 125 15 8-0 425 138 16 16-0 306 99 19 4-8 346 113 12-8 386 126 1 20-8 426 139 3 4-8 307 100 5 17-6 347 113 7 1-6 387 126 8 9-6 427 139 9 17-6 308 100 12 6-4 348 113 13 14-4 388 126 14 22-4 428 139 16 6-4 309 100 18 19-2 349 114 3-2 389 127 1 11-2 429 140 2 19-2 310 101 5 8-0 350 114 6 16-0 390 127 8 0-0 430 140 9 8-0 311 101 11 20'8 351 114 13 4-8 391 127 14 12-8 431 ; 140 15 20-8 312 101 18 9-6 352 114 19 17'6 392 128 1 1-6 432 141 2 9-6 313 102 4 22-4 353 115 6 6-4 393 128 7 14-4 433 141 8 22-4 314 102 11 11-2 354 115 12 19-2 394 128 14 3-2 434 141 15 11-2 315 102 18 0-0 355 115 19 8-0 395 129 16'0 435 142 2 0-0 316 103 4 12-8 356 116 5 20-8 396 129 7 4-8 436 142 8 12-8 317 103 11 1-6 357 116 12 9-6 397 129 13 17-6 437 142 15 1-6 318 103 17 14-4 358 116 18 22-4 398 130 6-4 438 143 1 14-4 319 104 4 3-2 359 117 5 11-2 399 130 6 19-2 439 143 8 3-2 320 104 10 16-0 360 117 12 0-0 400 130 13 8-0 440 143 14 16-0 321 104 17 4-8 361 117 18 12-8 401 130 19 20-8 441 144 1 4-8 322 105 3 17-6 362 118 5 1-6 402 131 6 9-6 442 144 7 17-6 323 105 10 6-4 363 118 11 14-4 403 131 12 22-4 443 144 14 6-4 324 105 16 19-2 364 118 18 3-2 404 131 19 11-2 444 145 19-2 325 106 3 8'0 365 119 4 16-0 405 132 6 0-0 445 145 7 8'0 326 106 9 20-8 366 119 11 4-8 406 132 12 12-8 446 145 13 20-8 327 106 16 9-6 367 119 17 17-6 407 132 19 1-6 447 146 9-6 328 107 2 22-4 368 120 4 6-4 408 133 5 14-4 448 146 6 22-4 329 107 9 11-2 369 120 10 19-2 409 133 12 3-2 449 146 13 11-2 330 107 16 0-0 370 120 17 8'0 410 133 18 16-0 450 147 O'O 331 108 2 12-8 371 121 3 20-8 411 134 5 4-8 451 147 6 12-8 332 108 9 1-6 372 121 10 9-6 412 134 11 17-6 452 147 13 1-6 333 108 15 14-4 373 121 16 22-4 413 134 18 6-4 453 147 19 14-4 334 109 2 3-2 374 122 3 11-2 414 135 4 19'2 454 148 6 3-2 335 109 8 16-0 375 122 10 O'O 415 135 11 8-0 455 148 12 16-0 336 109 15 4-8 376 122 16 12-8 416 135 17 20-8 456 148 19 4-8 337 110 1 17-6 377 123 3 1-6 417 136 4 9-6 457 149 5 17-6 338 110 8 6-4 378 123 9 14-4 418 136 10 22-4 458 149 12 6-4 339 110 14 19-2 379 123 16 3-2 419 136 17 11-2 459 149 18 ia-2 340 341 111 1 8-0 111 7 20-8 380 381 124 2 16-0 124 9 4-8 420 421 137 4 O'O 137 10 12-8 460 461 150 5 8-0 150 11 20-8 342 343 111 14 9-6 112 22-4 382 383 124 15 17-6 125 2 6-4 422 423 137 17 1-6 138 3 14-4 462 463 150 18 9-6 151 4 22-4 1129 TABLE LXXVo (3). continued. Pts. per 100,000. Weight of Metal per Ton (Av. ). 5 ts. per 00,000. Weight of Metal per Ton (Av. ). Pts. per 00,000. Weight of Metal per Ton (Av.). j 3 ts. per 100,000. Weight of Metal per Ton(Av.). oz. dwts. grs. oz. dwts. grs. oz. dwts. grs. oz. dwts. grs. 464 151 11 11-2 485 158 8 16-0 6000 1960 0-0007 0-110 465 151 18 0-0 486 158 15 4-8 7000 2286 13 8 0008 0-125 466 152 4 12-8 487 159 1 17-6 8000 2613 6 16 0009 0-141 467 152 11 1-6 488 159 8 6-4 9000 2940 6 001 0-157 468 152 17 14-4 489 159 14 19-2 10000 3266 13 8 002 0-314 469 153 4 32 490 160 1 8-0 20000 6533 6 16 003 0-470 470 153 10 16-0 491 160 7 20-8 30000 9800 004 0-627 471 153 17 4-8 492 160 14 9-6 40000 13066 13 8 005 ! 0-784 472 154 3 17-6 493 161 22-4 50000 16333 6 16 006 0-941 473 154 10 6-4 494 161 7 11-2 60000 19600 007 1-098 474 154 16 19-2 495 161 14 00 70000 22866 13 8 008 1-254 475 155 3 8-0 496 162 12-8 80000 26133 6 16 009 1-411 476 155 9 20-8 497 162 7 1-6 90000 29400 01 1-568 477 155 16 9-6 498 162 13 14-4 02 3-136 478 156 2 22-4 499 163 3'2 03 4-704 479 156 9 11-2 500 163 6 16-0 0-0001 0-016 04 6-272 480 156 16 0-0 1000 326 13 8'0 0002 0-031 05 7-840 481 157 2 12-8 2000 653 6 16-0 0003 0-047 06 9-408 482 157 9 1-6 3000 980 0004 0-063 07 10-976 483 157 15 14-4 4000 1306 13 8 0005 0-078 08 12-544 484 158 2 3-2 5000 1633 6 16 0006 0-094 09 14-112 Gold Assay Table. (b) Giving Bank and Mint Values of Fine Gold per Ton Avoirdupois of Ore, etc. Weight Value of Gold in 1 Ton Avoir. Weight Value of Gold in 1 Ton Avoir. of Fine of Fine Gold Gold per Ton. Mint Value. Bank Value. per Ton. Mint Value. Bank Value. grs. s. d. s. d. grs. s. d. S. d. 2-124 2-120 9 1 7-115 1 7-084 2 4-248 4-241 10 1 9-239 1 9-205 3 6-372 6-361 11 1 11-363 1 11-325 4 8-495 8-482 12 2 1-486 2 1-445 5 10-619 10-602 13 2 3-610 2 3-566 6 1 0-743 1 0-723 14 2 5-734 2 5-686 7 1 2-867 1 2-843 15 2 7-858 2 7-807 8 1 4-991 1 4-964 16 2 9-982 2 9-927 1130 TABLE LXXVD (3). continued. Gold Assay Table. continued. Weight of Fine Gold per Ton. Value of Gold in 1 Ton Avoir. Weight of Fine Gold per Ton. Value of Gold in 1 Ton Avoir. Mint Value. Bank Value. Mint Value. Bank Value. grs. 8. d. S. d. oz. s. d. s. d. 17 3 0-106 3 0-048 7 29 14 8-16 29 13 8-72 18 3 2-230 3 2-168 8 33 19 7-63 33 18 6-64 19 3 4-353 3 4-289 9 38 4 7-00 38 3 4-36 20 3 6-477 3 6-409 10 42 9 6-64 42 8 2-16 21 3 8-601 3 8-530 20 84 19 1-00 84 16 4-36 22 3 10-725 3 10-650 30 127 8 7-63 127 4 6-64 23 4 0-849 4 0-770 40 169 18 2-16 169 12 8-72 dwts. 50 212 7 8-72 212 10-00 1 4 2-972 4 2-800 60 254 17 3-27 254 9 1-09 2 8 5-945 8 5-761 70 297 6 9-61 296 17 3-27 3 12 8-91$ 12 8-672 80 339 16 4-36 339 5 5-46 4 16 11-800 16 11-563 90 382 5 10-00 381 13 7-63 5 1 1 2-863 1 1 2-464 100 424 15 5-46 424 1 9-61 6 1 5 5-836 1 5 5-345 2CO 849 10 10-00 848 3 7-63 7 1 9 8-800 1 9 8-236 300 1274 6 4-36 1272 5 5-46 8 1 13 11-781 1 13 11-127 400 1699 1 9-61 1696 7 3-27 9 1 18 2-764 1 18 2-016 500 2123 17 3-27 2120 9 1-00 10 2 2 5-727 2 2 4'900 600 2548 12 8-72 2544 10 10-00 11 2 6 8-700 2 6 7-800 700 2973 8 2-16 2968 12 8-72 12 2 10 11-672 2 10 10-600 800 3398 3 7-63 3392 14 6-64 13 2 15 2-645 2 15 1-561 900 3821 19 1-00 3816 16 4-36 14 2 19 5-616 2 19 4-472 1000 4247 14 6-64 4240 18 2-16 15 3 3 8-500 3 3 7-363 2000 8495 9 1-00 8481 16 4-36 16 3 7 11-563 3 7 10-264 3000 12743 3 7-63 12722 14 6-64 17 3 12 2-536 3 12 1-146 4000 16990 18 2-16 16963 12 8-72 18 3 16 5-500 3 16 4-036 5000 21238 12 8-72 21204 10 10-00 19 4 8-461 4 6-927 6000 25486 7 3-27 25445 9 1-00 oz. 7000 29734 1 9-61 29686 7 3-27 1 4 4 11:46 4 4 9-61 8000 33981 16 4-36 33927 5 5-46 2 8 9 10-00 '8 9 7-63 9000 38229 10 10-00 38168 3 7-63 3 12 14 10-36 12 14 5-46 10000 42477 5 5'46 42409 1 9-61 4 16 19 9-61 16 19 3-27 20000 84954 11 10*00 84818 3 7-63 5 21 4 9-27 21 4 1-00 30000 127431 17 4'36 127227 5 5'46 6 25 9 8-72 25 8 10-00 The mint value per ton of gold in an ore yielding 28 oz., 12 dwts. 18'75 grs. is found thus : 20 oz. corresponds to 84 19 8 33 12 dwts. , 2 18 grs. , 7 grs. , 05 1-09P 19 7-636 10 11-675 3 2-230 1-487 0-106 = 121 13 0-223. 1131 TABLE LXXVo (3). continued. Gold Assay Table, (c) Giving Bank and Mint Values of Fine Gold per Ton Avoirdupois of Ore or Alloy. Percent- age of Fine Gold. Value of Gold in 1 Ton Avoir. Percent- age of Fine Gold. Value of Gold in 1 Ton Avoir. Mint Value. Bank Value. Mint Value. Bank Value. S. d. s. d. s. d. S. d. O'OOOOl 3-330 3-325 0-06 83 5 1-300 83 2 5-236 j -00002 6-660 6-650 07 97 2 7-55? 96 19 6-100 00003 9-991 9-975 08 Ill 1-745 110 16 6-9S1 00004 1 1-321 1 1-299 09 124 17 7-963 124 13 7-854 00005 1 4-651 1 4-624 1 138 15 2-1S 138 10 8-72 00006 1 7-981 1 7-949 *2 277 10 4-36 277 1 5-45 00007 1 11-312 1 11-274 3 416 5 6-54 415 12 2-1$ 00008 2 2-642 2 2-599 4 555 8-75 554 2 10-00 00009 2 5-972 2 5-924 "5 693 15 10-00 692 13 7-63 0001 2 9-302 2 9-249 6 832 11 1-00 831 4 4-36 0002 5 6-604 5 6-497 7 971 6 3-57 969 15 1-00 0003 8 3-907 8 3-746 8 1110 1 545 1108 5 9-81 0004 11 1-209 11 0-995 9 1248 16 7-63 1246 16 6-54 0005 13 10-511 13 10-244 1 1387 11 9-l 1385 7 3-2? 0006 16 7-813 16 7-492 2 2775 3 7-63 2770 14 6-54 0007 19 5-115 19 4-741 3 4162 15 5-45 4156 1 9-81 0008 1 2 2-417 1 2 1-990 4 5550 7 3-2? 5541 9 1-00 0009 1 4 11-720 1 4 11-239 5 6937 19 1-00 6926 16 4-36 001 1 7 9-022 1 7 8-487 6 8325 10 10-00 8312 3 7-63 002 2 15 6-043 2 15 4-975 7 9713 2 8'75 9697 10 10-00 003 4 3 3-065 4 3 1-462 8 11100 14 6-54 11082 18 2-1$ 004 5 11 0-087 5 10 9-949 9 12488 6 4-36 12468 5 5-45 005 6 18 9-109 6 18 6-436 10 13875 18 2-16 13853 12 8-72 006 8 6 6-131 8 6 2-924 20 27751 16 4-36 27707 5 5-45 007 9 14 3-153 9 13 11-411 30 41627 14 6-54 41560 18 2-18 008 11 2 0-175 11 1 7-898 40 55503 12 8-72 55414 10 10-00 009 12 9 9-196 12 9 4-385 50 69379 10 10-00 69268 3 7-63 01 13 17 6-21S 13 17 0-873 60 83255 9 1-00 83121 16 4-36 02 27 15 0-436 27 14 1-745 70 97131 7 3-57 96975 9 1-00 03 41 12 6-654 41 11 2-61$ 80 111007 5 5-45 110829 1 9-81 04 55 10 0-875 55 8 3-400 90 124883 3 7-63 124682 14 6-64 05 69 7 7-090 69 5 4-363 100 138759 1 9-81 138536 7 3-27 Supposing a mineral yielded 0*007858 per cent, of fine gold, then the value of gold per ton of mineral is found as follows : 0-007 corresponds to 9 14 3'153 0008 ,,12 2-417 00005 ,,01 4-651 000006 1-998 Therefore 0'007856 10 18 0-219 1132 TABLE LXXVD (3). Gold Assay Table. (d) Carat Gold, with corresponding Weights and Values. Carat Gold. Weight of tine Gold per oz. Mint Value of Gold. Carat Gold. Weight of fine Gold per oz. Mint Value of Gold. Ct. Ct. gr. Eighths. oz. dwts. grs. . d. Ct. Ct.grTEighths. oz. dwts. grs. s. d. 1 0-625 1-3274 800 6 16 I 8 3-31 002 1-250 2-6548 900 7 12 1 11 10-2954 003 1-875 3-9822 10 088 1 15 3-772 004 2-500 5-3097 11 094 1 18 11-25 005 3-125 6-6371 12 10 2 2 5-72 006 3-750 7-9645 13 10 20 2 6 0-2045 007 4-375 9-2919 14 11 16 2 9 6-661 1 5-000 10-6193 15 12 12 2 13 1-1596 020 10 1 9-2386 16 13 8 2 16 7-63 030 15 2 7-8580 17 14 4 3 2-1156 1 20 3 6-4772 18 15 3 3 8-490 200 1 16 7 0-9545 19 15 20 3 7 3-0661 300 2 12 10 7-4313 20 16 6 3 10 9-64 400 038 14 1-00 21 17 12 3 14 4-022? 500 044 17 8-3865 22 18 8 3 17 10-5 600 050 1 1 2-863 23 19 4 4 1 4-9772 700 5 20 1 4 9-340$ 24 1 4 4 11-46 Gold per 1000 parts. Carat Gold. Fine Gold per oz. Mint Value. Ct. Ct.gr. Eighths. dwts. grs. S. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 144 * * * * X- * 0-20 0-43 0-65 145 0-88 1-11 1-34 1-56 1-79 2-02 2-25 2-48 2-70 2-93 146 3-16 3-39 3-62 3-84 4-07 4-30 4-53 4-75 4-98 5-21 147 5-44 5-67 5-89 6-12 6-35 6-58 6-81 7-03 7-26 7-49 148 7-72 7-94 8-17 8-40 8-63 8-86 9-08 9-31 9-54 9-77 149 10-00 10-22 10-45 10-68 10-91 11-13 11-36 11-59 11-82 12-05 150 12-27 12-50 12-73 12-96 13-19 13-41 13-64 13-87 14-10 14-33 151 14-55 14-78 15-01 15-24 15-46 15-69 15-92 16-14 16-37 16-60 152 16-83 17-06 17-29 17-51 17-74 17-97 18-20 18-43 18-65 18-88 153 19-11 19-34 19-57 19-79 20-02 20-25 20-48 20-70 20-93 21-16 154 21-39 21-62 21-84 22-07 22-30 22-53 22-76 22-98 23-21 23-44 155 23-67 23-89 24-12 24-35 24-58 24-81 25-03 25-26 25-49 25-72 156 25-95 26-17 26-40 26-63 26-86 27-08 27-31 27-54 27-77 28-00 157 28-22 28-45 28-68 28-91 29-13 29-36 29-59 29-82 30-05 30-27 158 30-50 30-73 30-96 31-19 31-41 31-64 31-87 32-10 32-33 32-55 159 32-78 33-01 33-24 33-46 33-69 33-92 34-15 34-38 34-60 34-83 160 35-06 35-29 35-51 35-74 35-97 36-20 36-43 36'65 36-88 ! 37-11 161 37-34 37-57 37-79 38-02 38-25 i 38-48 38-70 38-93 39-16 39-39 162 39-62 39-84 40-07 40-30 40-53 40-76 40-98 41-21 41-44 41-67 163 41-89 42-12 42-35 42-58 42-81 43-03 43-26 43-49 43-72 43-95 164 44-17 44-40 44-63 44-86 45-08 45-31 45-54 45-77 46-00 46-22 165 46-45 46-68 46-91 47'14 47-36 47-59 47-82 48-05 48-27 48-50 166 48-73 48-96 49-19 49-41 49-64 49-87 50-10 50-33 50-55 50-78 167 51-01 51-24 51-46 51-69 51-92 52-15 52-38 52-60 52-83 53-06 168 53-29 53-52 53-74 53-97 54-20 54-43 54-65 54-88 55-11 55-34 169 55-57 55-79 56-02 56-25 56-48 56-71 56-93 57-16 57-39 57-62 170 57-84 58-07 58-30 58-53 58-76 58-98 59-21 59-44 59-67 59-89 171 60-12 60-35 60-58 60-81 61-03 61-26 61-49 61-72 61-95 62-17 172 62-40 62-63 62-86 63-08 63-31 63-54 63-77 64-00 64-22 64-45 173 64-68 64-91 65-14 65-36 65-59 65-82 66-05 66-27 66-50 66-73 174 66-96 67-19 67-41 67-64 67-87 68-10 68-33 68-55 68-78 69-01 1134 TABLE LXXVE (I). continued. V=c.cmi.of^| acid correspond- ing to 1 urm. Tenths of a cm. Cube. .-1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 175 69-24 69-46 69-69 69-92 70-15 70-38 70-60 70-83 71-06 71-29 176 71-52 71-74 71-97 72-20 72-43 72-65 72-88 73-11 73-34 73-57 177 73-79 74-02 74-25 74-48 74-71 74-93 75-16 75-39 75-62 75-84 178 76-07 76-30 76-53 76-76 76-98 77-21 77-44 77-67 77-90 78-12 179 78-35 78-58 78-81 79-03 79-26 79-49 79-72 79-95 80-17 80-40 180 80-63 80-86 81-09 81-31 81-54 81-77 82-00 82-22 82-45 82-68 181 82-91 ! 83-14 83-36 83-59 83-82 84-05 84-28 84-50 84-73 84-96 182 85-19 85-41 85-64 85-87 86-10 86-33 86-55 86-78 87-01 87-24 183 87-46 87-69 87-92 88-15 88-38 88-60 88-83 89-06 89-29 89-52 184 89-74 89-97 90-20 90-43 90-65 90-88 91-11 91-34 91-57 91-79 185 92-02 92-25 92-48 92-71 92-93 93-16 93-39 93-62 93-84 94-07 186 94-30 94-53 94-76 94-98 95-21 95-44 95-67 95-90 96-12 96-35 187 96-58 96-81 97-03 97-26 97-49 97-72 97-95 98-17 98-40 98-63 188 98-86 99-09 99-31 99-54 99-77 100-00 t * * * TABLE LXXVE (2). Percentage of MgC0 3 in a mixture of MgC0 3 and CaC0 3 . 1 grin. CaC0 3 =199-80020 c.cms. acid; 1 grm. MgC0 3 =237'07918 c.cms. ^ acid. If V = volume in c.cms. of acid, neutralised by 1 grm. of the mixture, then : Percentage of MgCO 3 in mixture = (V - 199-80020) x 2-6824765. Ttr~ 6nCe f 01 C ' Cm> in V makes a difference of 0-0268 in the percentage of >O 3 ; so at best we cannot rely on anything beyond the second decimal. o |S F ! I 5 Tenths of a cm. Cube. li 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 199 4 * * * g 200 201 202 203 0-54 3-28 5-90 8-58 0-80 3-49 6-17 8-85 1-07 3-75 6-44 9-12 1-34 4-02 6-71 9-39 1-61 4-29 6-97 9-66 1-88 4-56 7-24 9-92 2-15 4-83 7-51 10-19 2-41 5-10 7-78 10-46 2-68 5-36 8-05 10-73 0-27 2-95 5-63 8-32 11-00 204 205 206 11-27 13-95 16-63 11-53 14-22 16-90 11-80 14-48 17-17 12-07 14-75 17-44 12-34 15-02 17-70 12-61 15-29 17-97 12-88 15-56 18-24 13-14 15-83 18-51 13-41 16-09 18-78 13-68 16-36 19-05 1135 TABLE LXXVs (2). continued. wl V = c.cms.of^ acid correspond- ing to 1 grm. Tenths of a cm. Cube. o l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 207 19-31 19-58 19-85 20-12 20-39 20-65 20-92 21-19 21-46 21-73 208 22-00 22-26 22-53 22-80 23-07 23-34 23-61 23-87 24-14 24-41 209 24-68 24-95 25-21 25-48 25-75 26-02 26-29 26-56 26-82 27-09 210 27-36 27-63 27-90 28-17 28-43 28-70 28-97 29-24 29-51 29-77 211 30-04 30-31 30-58 30-85 31-12 31-38 31-65 31-92 32-19 32-46 212 32-73 32-99 ! 33-26 33-53 33-80 34-07 34-33 34-60 34-87 35-14 213 35-41 35-68 35-94 36-21 36-48 36-75 37-02 37-29 37-55 37-82 214 38-09 38-36 38-63 38-90 39-16 39-43 39-70 39-97 40-24 40-50 215 40-77 41-04 41-31 41-58 41-85 42-11 42-38 42-65 42-92 43-19 216 43-46 43-72 43-99 44-26 44-53 44-80 45-07 45-33 45-60 45-87 217 46-14 46-41 46-67 46-94 47-21 47-48 47-75 48-02 48-28 48-55 218 48-82 49-09 49-36 49-63 49-89 50-16 50-43 50-70 50-97 51-23 219 51-50 51-77 52-04 52-31 52-58 52-84 53-11 53-38 53-65 53-92 220 54-19 54-45 54-72 54-99 55-26 55-53 55-79 56-06 56-33 56-60 221 56-87 57-14 57-40 57-67 57-94 58-21 58-48 58-75 59-01 59-28 222 59-55 59-82 60-09 60-36 60-62 60-89 61-16 61-43 61-70 61-96 223 62-23 62-50 62-77 63-04 63-31 63-57 63-84 64-11 64-38 64-65 224 64-92 65-18 65-45 65-72 65-99 66-26 66-52 66-79 67-06 67-33 225 67-60 67-87 68-13 68-40 68-67 68-94 69-21 69-48 69-74 70-01 226 70-28 70-55 70-82 | 71-09 71-35 71-62 71-89 72-16 72-43 72-69 227 72-96 73-23 73-50 73-77 74-04 74-30 74-57 74-84 75-11 75-38 228 75-65 75-91 76-18 76-45 76-72 76-99 77-25 77-52 77-79 78-06 229 78-33 78-60 78-86 79-13 79-40 79-67 79-94 80-21 80-47 80-74 230 81-01 81-28 81-55 81-81 82-08 82-35 82-62 82-89 83-16 83-42 231 83-69 83-96 84-23 84-50 84-77 85-03 85-30 85-57 85-84 86-11 232 86-38 86-64 86-91 87-18 87-45 87-72 87-98 88-25 88-52 88-79 233 89-06 89-33 89-59 89-86 90-13 90-40 90-67 90-94 91-20 91-47 234 91-74 92-01 92-28 92-54 92-81 93-08 93-35 93-62 93-89 94-15 235 94-42 94-69 94-96 95-23 95-50 95-76 96-03 96-30 96-57 96-84 236 97-11 97-37 97-64 97-91 98-18 98-45 98-71 98-98 99-25 99-52 237 99-79 * * * $ * * it * * 1136 TABLE LXXVE (3). Percentage of CaC0 3 in a mixture of CaC0 3 and SrC0 8 . 1 grm. SrC0 3 =135-50135 c.cms. ^ acid; 1 grm. CaC0 3 =199'80020 c.cms. acid. If V = volume of acid, neutralised by 1 grm. of mixture, then : Percentage of CaC0 3 = (V- 135-50136) x 1 '555238. A difference of O01 c.cm. in V makes a difference of 0'0156 in the percentage of CaC0 3 : results to be relied on at best only to the second decimal. ^ilS 1 * . ~ it Tenths of a cm. Cube. i Is n !! 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 > T 135 * * * # * 0-15 0-31 0-46 0-62 136 0-78 0-93 1-09 1-24 1-40 1-55 1-71 1-86 2-02 2-18 137 2-33 2-49 2-64 2-80 2-95 3-11 3-26 3-42 3-57 3-73 138 3-89 4-04 4-20 4-35 4-51 4-66 4-82 4-97 5-13 5-29 139 5-44 5-60 5-75 5-91 6-06 6-22 6-37 6-53 6-69 6-84 140 7-00 7-15 7-31 7-46 7-62 7-77 7-93 8-09 8-24 8-40 141 8-55 8-71 8-86 9-02 9-17 9-33 9-48 9-64 9-80 9-95 142 10-11 10-26 10-42 10-57 10-73 10-88 11-04 11-20 11-35 11-51 143 11-66 11-82 11-97 12-13 12-28 12-44 12-59 12-75 12-91 13-06 144 13-22 13-37 13-53 13-68 13-84 14-00 14-15 14-31 14-46 14-62 145 14-77 14-93 15-08 15-24 15-39 15-55 15-71 15-86 16-02 16-17 146 16-33 16-48 16-64 16-79 16-95 17-11 17-26 17-42 17-57 17-73 147 17-88 18-04 18-19 18-35 18-51 18-66 18-82 18-97 19-13 19-28 148 19-44 19-59 19-75 19-90 20-06 20-22 20-37 20-53 20-68 20-84 149 20-99 21-15 21-30 21-46 21-62 21-77 21-93 22-08 22-24 22-39 150 22-55 22-70 22-86 23-02 23-17 23-33 23-48 23-64 23-79 23-95 151 24-10 24-26 24-42 24-57 24-73 24-88 25-04 25-19 25-35 25-50 152 25-66 25-81 25-97 26-13 26-28 26-44 26-59 26-75 26-90 27-06 153 27-21 27-37 27-53 27-68 27-84 27-99 28-15 28-30 28-46 28-61 154 28-77 28-93 29-08 29-24 29-39 29-55 29-70 29-86 30-01 30-17 155 30-33 30-48 30-64 30-79 30-95 31-10 31-26 31-41 31-57 31-72 156 31-88 32-04 32-19 32-35 32-50 32-66 32-81 32-97 33-12 33-28 157 33-44 33-59 33-75 33-90 34-06 34-21 34-37 34-52 34-68 34-84 158 34-99 35-15 35-30 35-46 35-61 35-77 35-92 36-08 36-23 36-39 159 36-55 36-70 36-86 37-01 37-17 37-32 37-48 37-63 37-79 37-95 160 38-10 38-26 38-41 38-57 38-72 38-88 39-03 39-19 39-35 39-50 161 39-65 39-81 39-97 40-12 40-28 40-43 40-59 40-75 40-90 41-06 162 41-21 41-37 41-52 41-68 41-83 41-99 42-14 42-30 42-46 42-61 163 42-77 42-92 43-08 43-23 43-39 43-54 43-70 43-86 44-01 44-17 164 44-32 44-48 44-63 44-79 44-94 45-10 45-26 45-41 45-57 45-72 165 45-88 46-03 46-19 46-34 46-50 46-66 46-81 46-97 47-12 47-27 166 47-43 47-59 47-74 47-90 48-05 48-21 48-37 48-52 48-68 48-83 1 1137 TABLE LXXVE (3). continued. V=c.cms.of ? acid correspond- ing to 1 grm. Tenths of a cm. Cube. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 167 48-99 49-14 49-30 49-45 49-61 49-77 49-92 50-08 50-23 50-39 168 50-54 50-70 50-85 ! 51-01 51-17 51-32 51-48 51-63 51-79 51-94 169 52-10 52-25 52-41 52-56 52-72 52-88 53-03 53-19 53-34 53-50 170 53-65 53-81 53-96 54-12 54-28 54-43 54-59 54-74 54-90 55-05 171 55-21 55-36 55-52 55-68 55-83 55-99 56-14 56-30 56-45 56-61 172 56-76 56-92 57-08 j 57-23 57'39 57-54 57-70 57-85 58-01 58-16 173 58-32 58-47 58-63 ! 58-79 58-94 59-10 59-25 59-41 59-56 59-72 174 59-87 60-03 60-19 60-34 60-50 60-65 60-81 60-96 61-12 61-27 175 61-43 61-59 61-74 61-90 62-05 62-21 62-36 62-52 62-67 62-83 176 62-99 63-14 63-30 63-45 63-61 63-76 63-92 64-07 64-23 64-38 177 64-54 64-70 64-85 65-01 65-16 65-32 65-47 65-63 65-78 65-94 178 66-10 66-25 66-41 66-56 66-72 66-87 67-03 67-18 67-34 67-50 179 67-65 67-81 67-96 68-12 68-27 68-43 68-58 68-74 68-89 69-05 180 69-21 69-36 69-52 69-67 69-83 69-98 70-14 70-29 70-45 70-61 181 70-76 70-92 71-07 71-23 71-38 71-54 71-69 71-85 72-01 72-16 182 72-32 72-47 72-63 72-78 72-94 73-09 73-25 73-41 73-56 73-72 183 73-87 74-03 74-18 74-34 74-49 74-65 74-80 74-96 75-12 75-27 184 75-43 75-58 75-74 75-89 76-05 76-20 76-36 76-52 76-67 76-83 185 76-98 77-14 77-29 77-45 77-60 77-76 77-92 78-07 78-23 78-38 186 78-54 78-69 78-85 79-00 79-16 79-32 79-47 79-63 79-78 79-94 187 80-09 80-25 80-40 80-56 80-71 80-87 81-03 81-18 81-34 81-49 188 81-65 81-80 81-96 82-11 82-27 82-43 82-58 82-74 82-89 83-05 189 83-20 83-36 83-51 83-67 83-83 83-98 84-14 84-29 84-45 84-60 190 84-76 84-91 85-07 85-22 85-38 85-54 85-69 85-85 86-00 86-16 191 86-31 86-47 86-62 86-78 86-94 87-09 87-25 87-40 87-56 87-71 192 87-87 88-02 88-18 88-34 88-49 88-65 88-80 88-96 89-11 89-27 193 89-42 89-58 89-74 89-89 90-05 90-20 90-36 90-51 90-67 90-82 194 90-98 91-13 91-29 91-45 91-60 91-76 91-91 92-07 92-22 92-38 195 92-53 92-69 92-85 93-00 93-16 93-31 93-47 93-62 93-78 93-93 196 94-09 94-25 94-40 94-56 94-71 94-87 95-02 95-18 95-33 95-49 197 95-65 95-80 95-96 96-11 96-27 96-42 96-58 96-73 96-89 97-04 198 97-20 97-36 97-51 97-67 97-82 97-98 98-13 98-29 98-44 98-60 199 98-76 98-91 99-07 99-22 99-38 9953 99-69 99-84 100-00 * 1138 TABLE LXXVs (4). Percentage of CaC0 3 in a mixture of CaC0 3 and BaC0 3 . 1 grra. BaC0 3 =101-31712 c.cms. acid; 1 grm. CaC0 3 =199'80020 c.cms. acid. If volume in c.cms. of acid, neutralised by 1 gnu. of mixture, then : Percentage of CaC0 3 = (V- 101-31712) x 1'0154028. Here more reliance may, with very finely graduated burettes, be placed on the second decimal in the percentages, but nothing further can be relied upon. V=c.cm. of 1! acid correspond- ing to Igrm. Tenths of a cm. Cube. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101 * * * 0-08 0-19 0-29 0-39 0-49 0-59 102 0-69 0-79 0-90 1-00 1-10 1-20 1-30 1-40 1-51 1-61 103 1-71 1-81 1-91 2-01 2-11 2-22 2-32 2-42 2-52 2-62 104 2-72 2-83 2-93 3-03 3-13 3-23 3-33 3-43 3-54 3-64 105 3-74 3-84 3-94 4-04 4-15 4-25 4-35 4-45 4-55 4-65 106 4-76 4-86 4-96 5-06 5-16 5-26 5-36 5-47 5-57 5-67 107 5-77 5-87 5-97 6-08 6-18 6-28 6-38 6-48 6-58 6-68 108 6-79 6-89 6-99 7-09 7-19 7-29 7-40 7-50 7-60 7-70 109 7-80 7-90 8-00 8-11 8-21 8-31 8-41 8-51 8-61 8-72 110 8-82 8-92 9-02 9-12 9-22 9-32 9-43 9-53 9-63 9-73 111 9-83 9-93 10-04 10-14 10-24 10-34 10-44 10-54 10-64 10-75 112 10-85 10-95 11-05 11-15 11-25 11-36 11-46 11-56 11-66 11-76 113 11-86 11-96 12-07 12-17 12-27 12-37 12-47 12-57 12-68 12-78 114 12-88 12-98 13-08 13-18 13-28 13-39 13-49 13-59 13-69 13-79 115 13-89 14-00 14-10 14-20 14-30 14-40 14-50 14-60 14-71 14-81 116 14-91 15-01 15-11 15-21 15-32 15-42 15-52 15-62 15-72 15-82 117 15-92 16-03 16-13 16-23 16-33 16-43 16-53 16-64 16-74 16-84 118 16-94 17-04 17-14 17-24 17-35 17-45 17-55 17-65 17-75 17-85 119 17-96 18-06 18-16 18-26 18-36 18-46 18-56 18-67 18-77 18-87 120 18-97 19-07 19-17 19-28 19-38 19-48 19-58 19-68 19-78 19-88 121 19-99 20-09 20-19 20-29 20-39 20-49 20-60 20-70 20-80 20-90 122 21-00 21-10 21-20 21-31 21-41 21-51 21-61 21-71 21-81 21-92 123 22-02 22-12 22-22 22-32 22-42 22-52 22-63 22-73 22-83 22-93 124 23-03 23-13 23-24 23-34 23-44 23-54 23-64 23-74 23-84 23-95 125 24-05 24-15 24-25 24-35 24-45 24-56 24-66 24-76 24-86 24-96 126 25-06 25-16 25-27 25-37 25-47 25-57 25-67 25-77 25-88 25-98 127 128 26-08 27-09 26-18 27-20 26-28 27-30 26-38 27-40 26-48 27-50 26-59 27-60 26-69 27-70 26-79 27-80 26-89 27-91 26-99 28-01 130 131 132 28-11 29-12 30-14 31-15 28-21 29-23 30-24 31-26 28-31 29-33 30-34 31-36 28-41 29-43 30-44 31-46 28-52 29-53 30-55 31-56 28-62 29-63 30-65 31-66 28-72 29-73 30-75 31-76 28-82 29-84 30-85 31-87 28-92 29-94 30-95 31-97 29-02 30-04 31-05 32-07 1139 TABLE LXXVE (4). continued. V=c.cms. of ^ 10 acid correspond- ing to 1 grm. Tenths of a cm. Cube. l 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 133 32-17 32-27 32-37 32-48 32-58 32-68 32-78 32-88 32-98 33-08 134 33-19 33-29 33-39 33-49 33-59 33'69 33-80 33-90 34-00 34-10 135 34-20 34-30 34-40 34-51 34-61 34-71 34-81 34-91 35-01 35-12 136 35-22 35-32 35-42 35-52 35-62 35-72 35-83 35-93 36-03 36-13 137 36-23 36-33 36-44 36-54 36-64 36-74 36-84 36-94 37-04 37-15 138 37-25 37-35 37-45 37-55 37-65 37'76 37-86 37-96 38-06 38-16 139 38-26 38-36 38-47 38-57 38-67 38-77 38-87 38-97 39-08 39-18 140 39-28 39-38 39-48 39-58 39-68 39-79 39-89 39-99 40-09 40-19 141 40-29 40-40 40-50 40-60 40-70 ^40-80 40-90 41-00 41-11 41-21 142 41-31 41-41 41-51 41-61 41-72 : 41-82 41-92 42-02 42-12 42-22 143 42-32 42-43 42-53 42-63 42-73 42-83 42-93 43-04 43-14 43-24 144 43-34 43-44 43-54 43-64 43-75 43-85 43-95 44-05 44-15 44-25 145 44-36 44-46 44-56 44-66 44-76 44-86 44-96 45-07 45-17 45-27 146 45-37 45-47 45-57 45-68 45-78 45-88 45-98 46-08 46-18 46-28 147 46-39 46-49 46-59 46-69 46-79 46-89 47-00 47-10 47-20 47-30 148 47-40 47-50 47-61 47-71 47-81 47-91 48-01 48-11 48-21 48-32 149 48-42 48-52 48-62 48-72 48-82 48-93 49-03 49-13 49-23 49-33 150 49-43 49-53 49-64 49-74 49-84 49-94 50-04 50-14 50-25 50-35 151 50-45 50-55 50-65 50-75 50-85 50-96 51-06 51-16 51-26 51-36 152 51-46 51-57 51-67 51-77 51-87 51-97 52-07 52-17 52-28 52-38 153 52-48 52-58 52-68 52-78 52-89 52-99 53-09 53-19 53-29 53-39 154 53-49 53-60 53-70 53-80 53-90 54-00 54-10 54-21 54-31 54-41 155 54-51 54-61 54-71 54-81 54-92 55-02 55-12 55-22 55-32 55-42 156 55-53 55-63 55-73 55-83 55-93 56-03 56-13 56-24 56-34 56-44 157 56-54 56-64 56-74 56-85 56-95 57-05 57-15 57-25 57-35 57-45 158 57-56 57-66 57-76 57-86 57-96 58-06 58-17 58-27 58-37 58-47 159 58-57 58-67 58-77 58-88 58-98 59-08 59-18 59-28 59-38 59-49 160 59-59 59-69 59-79 59-89 59-99 60-09 60-20 60-30 60-40 60-50 161 60-60 60-70 60-81 60-91 61-01 61-11 61-21 61-31 61-41 61-52 162 61-62 61-72 61-82 61-92 62-02 62-13 62-23 62-33 62-43 62-53 163 62-63 62-73 62-84 62-94 63-04 63-14 63-24 63-34 63-45 63-55 164 63-65 63-75 63-85 63-95 64-05 64-16 64-26 64-36 64-46 64-56 165 64-66 64-77 64-87 64-97 65-07 65-17 65-27 65-37 65-48 65-58 166 65-68 65-78 65-88 65-98 66-09 66-19 66-29 66-39 66-49 66-59 167 66-69 66-80 66-90 67-00 67-10 67-20 67-30 67-41 67^51 67-61 168 67-71 67-81 67-91 68-01 68-12 68-22 68-32 68-42 68-52 68-62 169 68-73 68-83 68-93 69-03 69-13 69-23 69-33 69-44 69-54 69-64 1 1140 TABLE LXXVE (I). continued. /, ~ Tenths of a cm. Cube. !| o 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 , 9 170 69-74 69-84 69-94 70-05 70-15 70-25 70-35 70-45 70-55 70-65 171 70-76 70-86 70-96 71-06 71-16 71-26 71-37 71-47 71-57 71-67 172 71-77 71-87 71-97 72-08 72-18 72-28 72-38 72-48 72-58 72-69 173 72-79 72-89 72-99 73-09 73-19 73-29 73-40 73-50 73-60 73-70 174 73-80 73-90 74-01 74-11 74-21 74-31 74-41 74-51 74-61 74-72 175 74-82 74-92 75-02 75-12 75-22 75-33 75-43 75-53 75-63 75-73 176 75-83 75-93 76-04 76-14 76-24 76-34 76-44 76-54 76-65 76-75 177 76-85 76-95 77-05 77-15 77-25 77-36 77-46 77-56 77-66 77-76 178 77-86 77-97 78-07 78-17 78-27 78-37 78-47 78-57 78-68 78-78 179 78-88 78-98 79-08 79-18 79-29 79-39 79-49 79-59 79-69 79-79 I 180 79-89 80-00 80-10 80-20 80-30 80-40 80-50 80-61 80-71 i 80-81 181 80-91 81-01 81-11 81-21 81-32 81-42 81-52 81-62 81-72 81-82 182 81-93 82-03 82-13 82-23 82-33 82-43 82-53 82-64 82-74 182-84 183 82-94 83-04 83-14 83-25 83-35 83-45 83-55 83-65 83-75 83-85 184 83-96 84-06 84-16 84-26 84-36 84=46 84-57 84-67 84-77 84-87 185 84-97 85-07 85-17 85-28 85-38 85-48 85-58 85-68 85-78 85-89 186 85-99 86-09 86-19 86-29 86-39 86-49 86-60 86-70 86-80 86-90 187 87-00 87-10 87-21 87-31 87-41 87-51 87-61 87-71 87-81 87-92 188 88-02 88-12 88-22 88-32 88-42 88-53 88-63 88-73 88-83 88-93 189 89-03 89-13 89-24 89-34 89-44 89-54 89-64 89-74 89-85 89-95 190 90-05 90-15 90-25 90-35 90-46 90-56 90-66 90-76 90-86 9096 191 91-06 91-17 91-27 91-37 91-47 91-57 91-67 91-78 91-88 91-98 192 92-08 92-18 92-28 92-38 92-49 92-59 92-69 92-79 92-89 92-99 193 93-10 93-20 93-30 93-40 93-50 93-60 93-70 93-81 93-91 94-01 194 94-11 94-21 94-31 94-42 94-52 94-62 94-72 94-82 94-92 95-02 195 95-13 95-23 95-33 95-43 95-53 95-63 95-74 95-84 95-94 96-04 196 96-14 96-24 96-34 96-45 96-55 96-65 96-75 96-85 96-95 97-06 197 97-16 97-26 97-36 97-46 97-56 97-66 97-77 97-87 97-97 98-07 198 98-17 98-27 98-38 98-48 98-58 98-68 98-78 98-88 98-98 99-09 199 99-19 99-29 99-39 99-49 99-59 99-70 99-80 99-90 100-00 * The following mixtures are less likely to occur : MgC0 8 and SrC0 3 ; percentage of MgC0 3 = (V - 135'50135) x 0-9844668. MgC0 3 and BaC0 3 ; percentage of MgC0 3 = (V - 101-317123) x 0-7365828. SrC0 3 and BaCO 3 ; percentage of SrC0 3 = (V- 101 '31 7 123) x 2*9253253. 1141 TABLE LXXYE (5). Percentage of NaCl in a mixture of XaCl and KC1. 1 grra. KC1=134-048257 c.cms. of ^ silver sol.; 1 grm. NaCl=170'940170 c.cms. ^ silver sol. N If y = volume in c.cms. of silver solution corresponding to 1 grm. of mixture, then : Percentage of !S T aCl = (Y - 134-048257) x 2-7106211. As one can work with a centinormal silver solution, and so get finer readings, the percentages are given to three places of decimals, but more than two can scarcely be relied upon. V= c.cms. of Silver Solution corresponding to 1 grm. Tenths of a cm. Cube. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 134 * 0-140 0-411 0-682 0-953 1-225 1-496 1-767 2-038 2-309 135 2-580 2-851 3-122 3-393 3-664 3-935 4-206 4-477 4-748 5-019 136 5-290 5-561 5-833 6-104 6-375 6-646 6-917 7-188 7-459 7-730 137 8-001 8-272 8-543 8-814 9-085 9-356 9-627 9-898 10-170 10-441 138 10-712 10-983 11-254 11-525 11-796 12-067 12-338 12-609 12-880 13-151 139 13-422 13-693 j 13-964 14-235 14-507 14-778 15-049 15-320 15-591 15-862 140 16-133 16-404 16-675 16-946 17-217 17-488 17-759 18-030 18-301 18-572 141 18-844 19-115 ; 19-386 19-657 19-928 20-199 20-470 20-741 21-012 21-283 142 21-554 21-825 22-096 22-367 22-638 22-909 23-181 23-452 23-723 23-994 143 24-265 24-536 24-807 25-078 25-349 25-620 25-891 26-162 26-433 26-704 144 26-975 27-246 27-518 27-789 28-060 28-331 28-602 28-873 29-144 29-415 145 29-686 29-957 30-228 30-499 30-770 31-041 31-312 31-583 31-855 32-126 146 32-397 32-668 32-939 33-210 33-481 33-752 34-023 34-294 34-565 34-836 147 35-107 35-378 35-649 35-920 36-192 36-463 36-733 37-005 37-276 37-547 148 37-818 38-089 38-360 38-631 38-902 39-173 39-444 39-715 39-986 40-257 149 40-529 40-800 41-071 41-342 41-613 41-884 42-155 42-426 42-697 42-968 150 43-239 43-510 43-781 44-052 44-323 44-594 44-866 45-137 45-408 45-679 151 45-950 46-221 46-492 46-763 47-034 47-305 47-576 47-847 48-118 48-389 152 48-660 48-931 49-202 49-474 49-745 50-016 50-287 50-558 50-829 51-100 153 51-371 51-642 51-913 52-184 52-455 52-726 52-997 53-268 53-539 53-811 154 54-082 54-353 54-624 54-895 55-166 55-437 55-708 55-979 56-250 56-521 155 56-792 57-063 57-334 57-605 57-876 58-148 58-419 58-690 58-961 59-232 156 59-503 59-774 60-045 60-316 60-587 60-858 61-129 61-400 61-671 61-942 157 62-213 62-485 62-756 63-027 63-298 63-569 63-840 64-111 64-382 64-653 158 64-924 65-195 65-466 65-737 66-008 66-279 66-550 66-822 67-093 67-364 159 67-635 67-906 68-177 68-448 68-719 68-990 69-261 69-532 69-803 170-074 160 70-345 70-616 70-887 71-159 71-430 71-701 71-972 72-243 72-514 72-785 161 73-056 73-327 73-598 73-869 74-140 74-411 74-682 74-953 75-224 75-496 162 i 75-767 76-038 76-309 76-580 76-851 77-122 77-393 77-664 77-935 78-206 163 78-477 78-748 79-019 79-290 79-561 79-832 80-104 80-375 80-646 80-917 164 81-188 81-459 81-730 82-001 82-272 82-543 82-814 83-085 83-356 83-627 165 83-898 84-170 84-441 84-712 84-983 85-254 85-525 85-796 86-067 86-338 166 86-609 86-880 87-151 87-422 87-693 87-964 88-235 88-507 88-778 89-049 167 89-320 89-591 89-862 90-133 90-404 90-675 90-946 91-217 91-488 91-759 168 92-030 92-301 92-572 92-843 93-115 93-386 93-657 93-928 94-199 94-469 169 94-741 95-012 95-283 95-554 95-825 96-096 96-367 96-638 96-909 97-180 170 97-452 97-723 97-994 98-265 98-536 98-807 99-078 99-349 99-620 99-891 VOL. II. 4 D 1142 03 co CO rs 01 10 30 ,_, -H t- hfi CM CO CO l - C7i r-H co C3 CM -f CO co CM -f 1- cs r l -M CM -H CO 30 ^H CO )0 1- 05 CM M iO CO t^_ CM P 5 r-H i -M Ol 01 CO co TH 1 ^ . 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Percentage of Agl in a mixture of Agl and AgCl, calculated from loss of weight per 1 gramme of mixture when the Agl has been converted into AgCl. Loss of Weight, Centigrammes. Milligrammes. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0-2568 0-5136 0-7703 1-0271 1-2839 1-5407 17974 2-0542 2-3110 1 2-5678 2-8246 3-0813 3-3381 3-5949 3-8517 4-1084 , 4-3652 4-6220 4-8788 2 51355 5-3923 5-6491 5-9059 6-1627 6-4194 6-6762 6-9330 7-1898 7-4465 3 77033 7-9601 8-2169 8-4737 87304 8-9872 9-2440 9-5008 9-7575 10-0143 4 10-2711 10-5279 10-7847 11-0414 11-2982 11-5550 11-8118 12-0686 12-3253 12-5821 5 12-8389 13-0956 13-3524 13-6092 13-8660 14-1228 14-3795 14-6363 14-8931 15-1499 6 15-4066 15-6634 15-9202 16-1770 16-4338 16-6905 16-9473 17-2041 17-4609 17-7176 7 17-9744 18-2312 18-4880 187448 19-0015 19-2583 19-5151 197719 20-0286 20-2854 8 20-5422 20-7990 21-0558 '21-3125 21-5693 21-8261 22-0829 22-3396 22-5964 22-8532 9 23-1100 23-3667 23-6235 23-8803 24-1371 24-3939 24-6506 24-9074 25-1642 25-4210 10 25-6777 25-9345 26-1913 26-4481 267049 26-9616 27-2184 27-4752 277320 27-9887 11 28-2455 28-5023 287591 29-0159 29-2726 29-5294 297862 30-0430 30-2997 30-5565 12 30-8133 31-0701 31-3268 31-5836 31-8404 32-0972 32-3540 32-6107 32-8675 33-1243 13 33-3811 33-6378 33-8946 34-1514 34-4082 34-6650 34-9217 35-1785 35-4353 35-6921 14 35-9488 36-2056 36-4624 367192 36-9760 37-2327 37-4895 37*7463 38-0031 38-2598 15 38-5166 38-7734 39-0302 39-2869 39-5437 39-8005 40-0573 40-3141 40-5708 40-8276 16 41-0844 41-3412 41-5979 41-8547 42-1115 42-3683 42-6251 42-8818 43-1386 43-3954 17 43-6522 43-9089 44-1657 44-4225 44-6793 44-9361 45-1928 45-4496 45-7064 45-9632 18 46-2199 46-4767 467335 46-9903 47-2470 47-5038 477606 48-0174 48-2742 48-5309 19 48-7877 49-0445 4.9-3013 49-5580 49-8148 50-0716 50-3284 50-5852 50-8419 51-0987 20 51-3555 51-6123 51-8690 52-1258 52-3826 52-6394 52-8962 53-1529 53-4097 53-6665 21 53-9233 54-1800 54-4368 54-6936 54-9504 55-2071 55-4639 55-7207 55-9775 56-2343 22 56-4910 567478 57-0046 57-2614 57-5181 577749 58-0317 58-2885 58-5453 58-8020 23 59-058$ 59-3156 59-5724 59-8291 60-0859 60-3427 60-5995 60-8563 61-1130 61-3698 24 61-6266 61-8834 62-1401 62-3969 62-6537 62-9105 63-1673 63-4240 63-6808 63-9376 25 64-1944 64-4511 647079 64-9647 65-2215 65-4782 657350 65-9918 66-2486 66-5054 26 667621 67-0189 67-2757 67-5325 677892 68-0460 68-3028 68-5596 68-8164 69-0731 27 69-3299 69-5867 69-8435 70-1002 70-3570 70-6138 70-8706 71-1274 71-3841 71-6409 28 71-8977 721545 72-4112 72-6680 72-9248 73-1816 73-4383 73-6951 73-9519 74-2087 29 74-4655 747222 74-9790 75-2358 75-4926 75-7493 76-0061 76-2629 76-5197 76-7765 30 77-0332 77-2900 77-5468 77-8036 78-0603 78-3171 78-5739 78-8307 79-0875 79-3442 31 79-6010 79-8578 80-1146 80-3713 80-6281 80-8849 81-1417 81-3984 81-6552 81-9120 32 82-1688 82-4256 82-6823 82-9391 83-1959 83-4527 837094 83-9662 84-2230 84-4798 33 847366 84-9933 85-2501 85-5069 857637 86-0204 86-2772 86-5340 80-7908 87-0476 34 87 -3043 87-5611 87-8179 88-0747 88-3314 88-5882 88-8450 89-1018 89-3585 89-6153 35 89-8721 90-1289 90-3857 90-6424 90-8992 91-1560 91-4128 91-6695 91-9263 92-1831 36 92-4399 92-6967 92-9534 93-2102 93-4670 93-7238 93-9805 94-2373 94-4941 94-7509 37 95-0077 95-2644 95-5212 95-7780 96-0348 96-2915 96-5483 96-8051 97-0619 97-3186 88 97-5754 97-8322 98-0890 98-3458 98-6025 98-8593 99-1161 99-3729 99-6296 99-8864 Change in the percentage of Agl for every tenth of a milligramme change in weight of 1 grm. of mixture. Change in mgm. Change in percentage. Change in mgm. Change in percentage. o-i 0-2 0-3 0-4 0-5 0-025678 051356 077033 102711 128389 0-6 0-7 0-8 0-9 1-0 0-154067 179744 205422 231100 256777 1145 TABLE LXXVE (9). Weights of various bromides, etc., corresponding to known loss of weight on replacing bromine by chlorine. *!.sS !-Js ^2 Corresponding Weights of Br. HBr. NaBr. KBr. AgBr. 1 1-796450 1-819097 2-314311 2-676028 4-221299 2 3-592900 3-638194 4-628623 5-352056 8-442597 3 5-389351 5-457291 6-942934 8-028084 12-663896 4 7-185801 7-276387 9-257246 10-704111 16-885194 5 8-982251 9-095484 11-571557 13-380139 21-106493 6 10-778701 10-914581 13-885868 16-056167 25-327792 7 12-575152 12-733678 16-20018O 18-732195 29-549090 8 14-371602 14-552775 18-514491 21-408223 33-770389 9 16-168052 16-371871 20-828803 24-084251 37-991687 10 17-964502 18-190968 23-143114 26-760279 42-212986 11 19-760953 20-010065 25-457425 29-436306 46-434284 12 21-557403 21-829162 27-771737 32-112334 50-655583 13 23-353853 23-648259 30-086048 34-788362 54-876882 14 25-150303 25-467356 32-400359 37-464390 59-098180 15 26-946754 27-286452 34-714671 40-140418 63-319479 16 28-743204 29-105549 37-028982 42-816446 67-540777 17 30-539654 30-924646 39-343294 45-492474 71-762076 18 32-336104 32-743743 41-657605 48-168501 75-983375 19 34-132554 34-562840 43-971916 50-744529 80-204673 20 35-929005 36-381937 46-286228 53-520557 84-425972 21 37-725455 38-201033 48-600539 56-196585 88-647270 22 39-521905 40-020130 50-914851 58-872613 92-868569 23 41-318355 41-839227 53-229162 61-548641 97-089867 24 43-114806 43-658324 55-543473 64-224669 25 44-911256 45-477421 57-857785 66-900696 26 46-707706 47-296518 60-172096 69-576724 27 48-504156 49-115614 62-486408 72*252752 28 50-300607 50-934711 64-800719 74-928780 29 52-097057 52-753808 67-115030 77-604808 30 53-893507 54-572905 69-429342 80-280836 31 55-689957 56-392002 71-743653 82-956864 32 57-486408 58-211099 74-057965 85-632892 33 59-282858 60-030195 76-372276 88-308919 34 61-079308 61-849292 78-686587 90-984947 35 62-875758 63-668389 81-000899 93-660975 1146 TABLE LXXVE (9) continued. slid Corresponding Weights of 3 flf Br. HBr. NaBr. KBr. AgBr. 36 64-672208 65-487486 83-315210 96-337003 37 66-468659 67-306583 85-629521 99-013031 38 68-265109 69-125680 87-943833 39 70-061559 70-944776 90-258144 40 71-858009 72-763873 92-572456 41 73-654460 74-582970 94-886767 42 75-450910 76-402067 97-201078 43 77-247360 78-221164 99-515390 44 79-043810 80-040261 45 80-840261 81-849357 46 82-636711 83-678454 47 84-433161 85-497551 48 86-229611 87-316648 49 88-026062 89-135745 50 89-822512 90-954842 51 91-618962 92-773938 52 93-415412 94-593035 53 95-211863 96-412132 54 97-008313 98-231229 55 98-804763 If a gramme of the substance was taken, and the numbers in the first column denote centigrammes, then the numbers in columns 2 to 6 give percentages. Corresponding weights of bromine and various bromides, etc. Loss on Loss on Br. HBr. NaBr. KBr. AgBr. to replace Br. replacing Br 2 by Cl. replacing Br by 0. 1 1-012606 1-288269 1-489620 2-349800 0-443347 0-556653 0-912456 2 2-025213 2-576538 2-979240 4-699600 0-886693 1-113307 1-824912 3 3-037819 3-864807 4-468859 7-049400 1-330040 1-669960 2-737369 4 4-050425 5-153077 5-958479 9-399200 1-773387 2-226613 3-649825 5 5-063032 6-441346 7-448099 11-748999 2-216733 2-783267 4-562281 6 6-075638 7-729615 8-937719 14-098799 2-660080 3-339920 5-474737 7 7-088244 9-017884 10-427339 16-448599 3-103427 3-896573 6-387194 8 8-100850 10-306153 11-916958 18-798399 3-546773 4-453227 7-299650 9 9-113457 11-594422 13-406578 21-148199 3-990120 5-009880 8-212106 1147 TABLE LXXVE (10). Weights of various iodides, etc., corresponding to known loss of weight on replacing iodine by bromine. Loss of Weight on replacing Iodine by Bromine. Corresponding Weights of Corresponding Loss on replacing the Iodine by Chlorine. I. HI. Nat KI. Agl. 1 2-700915 2-722357 3-191236 3-533716 4-996809 1-94681986 2 5-401829 5-444714 6-382472 7-067432 9-993618 3-89363971 3 8-102744 8-167071 9-573708 10-601149 14-990428 5-84045957 4 10-803659 10-889428 12-764944 14-134865 19-987237 7-78727942 5 13-504573 13-611785 15-956180 17-668581 24-984046 9-73409928 6 16-205488 16-334132 19-147415 21-202297 29-980855 11-68091913 7 18-906403 19-056499 22-338651 24-736014 34-977664 13-62773899 8 21-607318 21-778856 25-529887 28-269730 39-974474 15-57455885 9 24-308232 24-501213 28-721123 31-803446 44-971283 17-52137870 10 27-009147 27-223569 31-912359 35-337162 49-968092 19-46819856 11 29-710062 29-945926 35-103595 38-870879 54-964901 12 32-410976 32-668283 38-294831 42-404595 59-961710 13 35-111891 35-390640 41-486067 45-938311 64-958519 14 37-812806 38-112997 44-677303 49-472027 69-955329 15 40-513720 40-835354 47-868539 53-005743 74-952138 16 43-214635 43-557711 51-059774 56-539460 79-948947 17 45-915550 46-280068 54-251010 60-073176 84-945756 18 48-616465 49-002425 57-442246 63-606892 89-942565 19 51-317379 51-724782 60-633482 67-140608 94-939375 20 54-018294 54-447139 63-824718 70-674325 99-936184 21 56-719209 57-169496 67-015954 74-208041 22 59-420123 : 59-891853 70-207190 77-741757 23 62-121038 62-614210 73-398426 81-275473 24 64-821953 65-336567 76-589662 84-809190 25 67-522867 68-058924 79-781898 88-342906 26 70-223782 70-781281 82-973133 91-876622 27 72-924697 73*503638 86-164369 95-310338 28 75-625612 76-225995 89-355605 98-944054 29 78-326526 78-948351 92-546841 1148 TABLE LXXVE (10) continued. Loss of Weight on replacing Iodine by Bromine. Corresponding Weights of Corresponding Loss on replacing the Iodine by Chlorine. I. HI. FaT. KI. Agl. 30 81-027441 81-670708 95-737077 31 83-728356 84-393065 98-928313 32 86-429270 87-115422 33 89-130185 89-837779 34 91-831100 92-560136 35 94-532014 95-282493 * 36 97-232929 98-004850 37 99-933844 If a gramme of the substance was taken, and the numbers in the first column denote centigrammes, then the numbers in columns 2 to 6 give the percentages. Corresponding weights of iodine and various iodides, etc. I. HI. Nal. KI. AgL Brto replace I. Loss on replace- ment by Br. Clto replace I. Loss on replace - mentbyCl. Loss on replace- ment by 0. 1 1-007939 1-181539 1-308341 1-850043 0-629755 0-370245 0-279200 0-720800 0-936993 2 2-015878 2-363078 2-616681 3-700087 1-259510 0-740490 0-558400 1-441600 1-873986 3 3-023817 3-544617 3-925022 5-550130 1-889265 1-110735 0-837599 2-162401 2-810979 4 4-031756 4-726156 5-233362 7-400173 2-519020 1-480980 1-116799 2-883201 3-747972 5 5-039694 5-907695 6-541703 9-250217 3-148775 1-851225 1-395999 3-604001 4-684965 6 6-047633 7-089234 7-85004311-100260 3-778530 2-221470 1-675199 4-324801 5-621958 7 7-055572 8-270773 9-158384 12-950303 4-408285 2-591715 1-954399 5-045601 6-558951 8 8-063511 9-452312 10-466724 14-800347 5-038040 2-961960 2-233598 5-766402 7-495944 9 9-071450 10-633851 11-775065 16-650390 5-667796 3-332204 2-512798 6-487202 8-432937 i 1149 TABLE LXXVE (11). Weights of various iodides, etc., corresponding to known loss of weight on replacing iodine by chlorine. Loss of Weight on Corresponding Weights of replacing I by Cl. I. HI. Nal. KI. PbI 2 . AgL 1 1-387347 1-398361 1-639205 1-771416 2-517701 2-566652 2 2-774694 2-796722 3-278409 3-542832 5-035402 5-133304 3 4-162041 4-195083 4-917614 5-314248 7-553103 7-699956 4 5-549388 5-593444 6-556818 7-085664 10-070804 10-266608 5 6-936735 6-991805 8-196023 8-857080 12-588505 12-833260 6 8-324082 8-390166 9-835227 10-628496 15-106206 15-399913 7 9-711429 9-788527 11-474432 12-399913 17-623907 17-966565 8 11-098776 11-186888 13-113636 14-171329 20-141608 20-533217 9 12-486123 12-585249 14-752841 15-942745 22-659309 23-099869 10 13-873470 13-983610 16-392045 17-714161 25-177011 25-666521 11 15-260817 15-381971 18-031250 19-485577 27-694712 28-233173 12 16-648164 16-780332 19-670454 21-256993 30-212413 30-799825 13 18-035511 18-178693 21-309659 23-028409 32-730114 33-366477 14 19-422858 19-577054 22-948864 24-799825 35-247815 35-933129 15 20-810205 20-975415 24-588068 26-571241 37-765516 38-499781 16 22-197552 22-373776 26-227273 28-342657 40-283217 41-066433 17 23-584900 23-772137 27-866477 30-114073 42-800918 43-633086 18 24-972247 25-170498 29-505682 31-885489 45-318619 46-199738 19 26-359594 26-568859 31-144886 33-656906 47-836320 48-766390 20 27-746941 27-967220 32784091 35-428322 50-354021 51-333042 21 29-134288 29-365581 34-423295 37-199738 52-871722 53-899694 ! 22 30-521635 30-763942 36-062500 38-971154 55-389423 56-466346 23 31-908982 32-162303 37-701704 40-742570 57-907124 59-032998 24 33-296329 33-560664 39-340909 42-513986 60-424825 61-599650 25 34-683676 34-959025 40-980114 44-285402 62-942526 64-166302 26 36-071023 36-357386 42-619318 46-056818 65-460227 66-732954 27 37-458370 37-755747 44-258523 47-828234 67-977928 69-299606 28 38-845717 39-154108 45-897727 49-599650 70-495629 71-866259 29 40-233064 40-552469 47-536932 51-371066 73-013330 74-432911 30 41-620411 41-950830 49-176136 53-142482 75-531032 76-999563 31 43-007758 43-349191 50-815341 54-913898 78-048733 79-566215 32 44-395105 44-747552 52-454545 56-685315 80-566434 82-132867 33 45782452 46-145913 54-093750 58-456731 83-084135 84-699519 34 47-169799 47-544274 55-732954 60-228147 85-601836 87-266171 35 48-557146 48-942635 57-372159 61-999563 88-119537 89-832823 1150 TABLE LXXVE (11) continued. Loss of Corresponding Weights of Weight on , 6 . replacing I by Cl. I. HI. Nal. KI. PM 2 . Agl. 36 49-944493 50-340996 59-011363 63-770979 90-637238 92-399475 37 51-331840 51-739357 60-650568 65-542395 93-154939 94-966127 38 52-719187 53-137718 62-289773 67-313811 95-672640 97-532779 39 54-106534 54-536079 63-928977 69-085227 | 98-190341 40 55-493881 55-934440 65-568182 70-856643 41 56-881228 57-332801 67-207386 72-628059 42 58-268575 58-731162 68-846591 74-399475 43 59-655922 60-129523 70-485795 76-170891 44 61-043269 61-527884 72-125000 77-942308 45 62-430616 62-926245 73-764204 79-713724 46 63-817963 64-324606 75-403409 81-485140 47 65-205310 65-722967 77-042613 83-256556 48 66-592657 67*121328 78-681818 85-027972 49 67-980004 68-519689 80-321022 86-799388 50 69-367352 69-918050 81-960227 88-570804 51 70-754699 \ 71-316412 83-599432 90-342220 52 72-142046 72-714773 85-238636 92-113636 53 73-529393 74-113134 86-877841 93-885052 54 74-916740 75-511495 88-517045 95-656468 55 76-304087 76-909856 90-156250 97-427884 56 77-691434 78-308217 91-795454 99-199300 57 79-078781 179-706578 93-434659 58 80-466128 81-104939 95-073863 59 81-853475 82-503300 96-713068 60 83-240822 83-901661 98-352272 61 84-62ai69 85-300022 =99-991477 62 86-015516 86-698383 63 87-402863 88-096744 64 88-790210 89-495105 65 90-177557 90-893466 66 91-564904 92-291827 67 92-952251 93-690188 68 94-339598 95-088549 69 95-726945 96-486910 70 97-114292 97-885271 71 98-501639 99-283632 72 99-888986 - | a gramme of the substance was taken, and the numbers in the first column denote centigrammes, then the numbers in columns 2 to 7 give percentages. 1151 TABLE LXXVE (12). Weight in mgms. of Na 2 S 2 3 in a mixture containing Na 2 S 2 3 and Na 2 S0 3 calculated from titrations of equal weights, (1) against ^N"/10KMn0 4 solution, and (2) against N/10 iodine. Digest first portion with a known volume (excess) of KMn0 4 . After a time add a known volume (excess) of N/10FeS0 4 solution and titrate back with N/10KMn0 4 . Titrate the second portion against iodine in the usual way. Putting = volume in cm 3 , of N/10KMn0 4 actually used up by the mixture, i.e. total volume minus that corresponding to the FeS0 4 . I = volume in centimetre cubes of N/10 iodine used. Na 2 S 3 + 20 2 + H 2 = Na 2 S0 4 + H 9 S0 4 . 2Na 2 S 2 3 + 1 2 = Na 2 S 4 O 6 + 2NaI. One gramme Na 2 S 2 3 =505'625 cm 3 . N/10KMn0 4 solution. = 63*203 ,, ,, iodine solution. So weight of Na 2 S 2 3 =(0 - I) x 0'00226029 grms. (0-1) ccms. Decimals of 1 cm 3 . 123 4 5 6 7 8 9 0-2260 0-4521 0-6781 0-9041 1-1301 1-3562 1-5822 1-8082 2-0343. 1 2*2603 2-4863 2-7123 2'9384 3-1644 3-3904 3-6165 3-8425 4-0685 4-2945 2 4-5206 4-7466 4-9726 5'1987 5-4247 5-6507 5-8767 6-1028 6-3288 6-5548 3 6-7809 7-0069 7-2329 7-4859 7-6850 7-9110 8-1370 8-3631 8-5891 8-8151 4 9-0411 9-2672 9-4932 9-7192 9-9453 10-1713 10-3973 10-6233 10-8494 11-0754 5 11-3014 11-5275 11-7535 11-9795 12-2055 12-4316 12-6576 12-8836 13-1097 13-3357 6 13-5617 13-7877 14-0138 14-2398 14-4658 14-6919 14-9179 15-1439 15-3699 15-5960 7 15-8220 16-0480 16-2741 ^16-5001 16-7261 16-9521 17-1782 17-4042 17-6302 17-8562 8 18-0823 18-3083 18-5343 18-7604 18-9864 19-2124 19-4385 19-6645 19-8905 20-1165 9 20-3426 20-5686 20-7946 21-0207 21-2467 21-4727 21-6987 21-9248 22-1508 22-3768 10 22-6029 22-8289 23-0549 23-2809 23-5070 23-7330 23-9590 24-1851 24-4111 24-6371 11 24-8631 25-0892 25-3152 25-5412 25-7673 25-9933 26-2193 26-4453 26-6714 26-8974 12 27-1234 27-3495 27-5755 27-8015 28-0276 28-2536 28-4796 28-7056 28-9317 29-1577 13 29-3837 29-6097 29-8358 ! 30-0618 30-2878 30-5139 30-7399 30-9659 31-1919 31-4179 14 31-6440 31-8700 32-0961 32-3221 32-5481 32-7741 33-0002 33-2262 33-4522 33-6783 15 33-9043 34-1303 34-3563 34-5824 34-8084 35-0344 35-2605 35-4865 35-7125 35-9385 16 36-1646 36-3906 36-6166 36-8427 37-0687 37-2947 37-5207 37-7468 37-9728 38-1988 17 38-4249 38-6509 38-8769 39-1029 39-3289 39-5550 39-7810 40-0071 40-2331 40-4591 18 40-6851 40-9112 41-1372 41-3632 41-5893 41-8153 42-0413 42-0673 42-4934 42-7194 19 42-9454 43-1715 43-3975 43-6235 43-8495 44-0756 44-3016 44-5276 44-7537 44-9797 20 45-2057 45-4317 45-6578 45-8838 46-1098 46-3359 46-5619 46-7879 47-0139 47-2399 21 47-4660 47-6920 47-9181 48-1441 48-3701 48-5961 48-8222 49-0482 49-2742 49-5003 22 49-7263 49-9523 50-1783 50-4044 50-6304 50-8684 51-0825 51-3085 51-5345 51-7605 23 51-9866 52-2126 52-4386 52-6647 52-8907 53-1167 53-3427 53-5688 53-7948 54-0208 24 54-2469 54-4729 54-6989 54-9249 55-1510 55-3770 55-6030 55-8290 56-0551 56-2811 1152 TABLE LXXVE (12) continued. (0-1) Decimals of 1 cm 3 . y \s * j ccms. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 25 56-5071 56-7332 56-9592 57*1852 57-4113 57-6373 57-8633 58-0893 58-3154 58-5414 26 58-7674 58-9935 59-2195 59-4455 59-6715 59-8976 60-1236 60-3496 60-5757 60-8017 27 61-0277 61-2537 61-4798 61-7058 61-9318 62-1579 62-3839 62-6099 62-8359 63-0620 28 63-2880 63-5140 63-7401 63-9661 64-1921 64-4181 '64-6442 64-8702 65-0962 65-3223 29 65-5483 65-7743 66-0003 66-2264 66-4524 66-6784 66-9045 67-1305 67-3565 67-5825 30 67-8086 68-0346 68-2606 68-4867 68-7127 68-9387 69-1647 69-3908 69-6168 69-8428 31 70-0689 70-2949 70-5209 70-7469 70-9730 71-1990 71-4250 71-6511 71-8771 72-1031 32 72-3291 72-5552 72-7812 73-0072 73-2333 73-4593 73-6853 73-9113 74-1374 74-3634 33 74-5894 74-8155 75-0415 75-2675 75-4935 75-7196 75-9456 76-1716 76-3977 76-6237 34 76-8497 77-0757 77-3018 77-5278 77-7538 77-9799 78-2059 78-4319 78-6579 78-8840 35 79-1100 79-3360 79-5621 79-7881 80-0141 80-2401 80-4662 80-6922 80-9182 81-1443 36 81-3703 81-5963 81-8223 82-0484 82-2744 82-5004 82-7265 82-9525 83-1785 83-4045 37 83*6306 83-8566 84-0826 84-3087 84-5347 84-7607 84-9867 85-2128 85-4388 85-6648 38 85-8909 86-1169 86-3429 86-5689 86-7950 87-0210 87-2470 87-4731 87-6991 87-9251 39 88-1511 88-3772 88-6032 88-8292 89-0553 89-2813 89-5073 89-7333 89-9594 90-1854 40 90-4114 90-6375 90-8635 91-0895 91-3155 91-5416 91-7676 91-9936 92-2197 92-4457 41 92-6717 92-8977 93-1238 93-3498 93-5758 93-8019 94-0279 94-2539 94-4799 94-7060 42 94-9320 95-1580 95-3841 95-6101 95-8361 96-0621 96-2882 96-5142 96-7402 96-9663 43 97-1923 97-4183 97-6443 97-8704 98-0964 98-3224 98-5485 98-7745 99-0005 99-2265 44 99-4526 99-6786 99-9046 If 0-1 grm. of the substance was employed, then the numbers in this table give the percentages of Na 2 S ? 3 . If only Na 2 S 2 3 and Na 2 S0 3 be present, the weight of NaS0 3 is best obtained by subtracting the weight of Na 2 S 2 3 as given in the table from the weight of mixture used ; when any other substance is present in the mixture, such other substance having no action on the standard solutions employed then weight of Na 2 S0 3 = ^ (81 - 0) x 0*006308. 0-1 grm. Na 2 S 2 3 =50-5625 cm 3 . N/10KMn0 4 s6'3203 cm 3 . N/10I. 1153 TABLE LXXVE (13). Percentage of Na 2 S0 4 in a mixture of K 2 SO 4 and Na 2 S0 4 calculated from the weight of BaSO 4 , corresponding to 1 grm. of the mixture. 1 grm. K 2 S0 4 =1 '338954 grm. BaS0 4 . 1 Na 2 S0 4 EE 1-642234 BaS0 4 . Weight of Na S0 4 per 1 grm. of mixture = (W- 1-338954) x 3*297281, where W = weight of BaSO 4 . CO IM ol -l 6 Milligrammes. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 133 0-0152 134 0-3449 0-6747 1-0044 1-3341 1-6638 1-9936 2-3233 2-6530 2-9828 3-3125 135 3-6422 3-9719 4-3017 4-6314 4-9611 5-2908 5-6206 5-9503 6-2800 6-6098 136 6-9395 7-2692 7-5989 7-9287 8-2584 8-5881 8-9179 9-2476 9-5773 9-9070 137 10-2368 10-5665 10-8962 11-2260 11-5557 11-8854 12-2151 12-5449 12*8746 13-2043 138 13-5341 13-8638 14-1935 14-5232 14-8530 15-1827 15-5124 15-8421 16-1719 16-5016 139 16-8313 17-1611 17-4908 17-8205 18-1502 18-4780 18-8097 19-1394 19-4692 19-7989 140 20-1286 20-4583 20-7881 21-1178 21-4475 21-7773 22-1070 22-4367 22-7664 23-0962 141 23-4259 237556 24-0854 24-4151 24-7448 25-0745 25-4043 25-7340 26-0637 26-3934 142 26-7232 27*0529 27-3826 27-6124 28-0421 28-2718 28-6015 29-0313 29-3610 29-6907 143 30-0205 30-3502 30-6799 31-0096 31-3394 31-6691 31-9988 32-3286 32-6583 32-9880 144 33-3177 33-6475 33-9772 34-3069 34-6366 34-9664 35-2961 35-6258 35-9556 36-2853 145 36-6150 36-9447 37-2745 37-6042 37-9339 38-2637 38-5934 38-9231 39-2528 39-5826 146 39-9123 40-2420 40-5718 40-9015 41-2312 41-5609 41-8907 42-2204 42-5501 42-8799 147 43-2096 43-5393 43-8690 441988 44-5285 44-8582 45-1879 45-5177 45-8474 46-1771 148 46-5069 46-8366 47-1663 47-4960 47-8258 48-1555 48-4852 48-8150 49-1447 49-4744 149 49-8041 50-1339 50-4636 507933 51-1231 51-4528 51-7825 52-1122 52-4420 52-7717 150 53-1014 53-4312 537609 54-0906 54-4203 54-7501 55-0798 55-4095 55-7392 56-0690 151 56-3987 567284 57-0582 57-3879 577176 58-0473 58-3771 58-7068 59-0365 59-3663 152 59-6960 60-0257 60-3554 60-6852 61-0149 61-3446 61-6744 62-0041 62-3338 62-6635 153 62-9933 63-3230 63-6527 63-9824 64-3122 64-6419 64-9716 65-3014 65-6311 65-9608 154 66-2905 66-6203 66-9500 67-2797 67-6095 67-9392 i 68-2689 68-5986 68-9284 69-2581 155 69-5878 69-9176 70-2473 70-5770 70-9067 71-2365 71-5662 71-8959 72-2257 72-5554 156 72-8851 73-2148 73-5446 73-8743 74-2040 74-5337 74-8635 75-1932 75-5229 75-8527 157 76-1824 76-5121 76-8418 77-1716 77-5013 77-8310 78-1608 78-4905 78-8202 79-1499 158 79-4797 79-8094 80-1391 80-4689 80-7986 81-1283 81-4580 81-7878 82-1175 82-4472 159 82-7770 83-1067 83-4364 83-7661 84-0959 84-4256 84-7553 85-0850 85-4148 85-7445 160 86-0742 86-4040 86-7337 87-0634 87-3931 877229 | 88-0526 88-3823 887121 89-0418 161 89-3715 89-7012 90-0310 90-3607 90-6904 91-0202 j 91-3499 91-6796 92-0093 92-3391 162 92-6688 92-9985 93-3282 93-6580 93-9877 94-3174 ; 94-6472 94-9769 95-3066 95-6363 163 95-9661 96-2958 96-6255 96-9553 97-2850 97-6147 97-9444 98-2742 98-6039 98-9336 164 99-2634 99-5931 99-9228 Change in percentage of iS T a 2 SO 4 for every tenth of a milligramme change in weight of BaS0 4 corresponding to 1 grm. of mixture. Weight, mgms. Percentages. Weight, mgms. Percentages. o-i 0-032973 0-6 0-197837 0-2 065946 0-7 230810 0-3 098918 0-8 263782 0-4 131891 0-9 296755 0-5 164864 1-0 329728 1154 TABLE LXXVi: (14). Weights of various chlorides, etc., corresponding to known gain in weight on replacing 2C1 by S0 4 . +a Corresponding Weights of jf-S 1 isS Cl. HC1. LiCl. Nad. KC1. AgCl. CaClo. BaCl 2 . PbClo. O 1 2-817965 2-898092 3-376789 4-650238 5-930048 11-794913 4-411765 8-279014 11-041335 2 5-635930 5796184 6-753577 9-300477 11-860095 23-589825 8-823529 16-558029 22-082671 3 8-453895 8-694277 10-130366 13-950715 17-790143 35-384738 13-235294 24-837043 33-124006 4 11-271860 11-592369 13-507154 18-600954 23-720191 47-179650 17-647059 33-116057 44-165342 5 14-089825 ! 14-490461 16-883943 23-251192 29-650238 58-974563 22-058824 41-395072 55-206677 6 16-907790 17-388553 20-260731 27-901431 35-580286 70-769475 26-470588 49-674086 66-248013 7 19-725755 20'286645 23-637520 32-551669 41-510334 82-564388 30-882353 57-953100 77-289348 8 22-543720 23'184738 27*014308 37-201908 47-440382 94-359300 35-294118 66-232114 88-330684 9 25-361685 26-082830 30-391097 41-852146 53-370429 106-154213 39-705882 74-511129 99-372019 TABLE LXXVE (15). Weights of various bromides, etc., corresponding to known loss of weight on replacing 2Br by S0 4 . Loss on replacing Corresponding Weights of 2Br by S0 4 . Br. HBr. NaBr. KBr. AgBr. CaBr 2 . PbBr 2 . 1 1-703814 1-725293 2-194971 2-538035 4-003622 2-131046 3-908161 2 3-407628 3-450586 4-389942 5-076071 8-007245 4-262092 7-816322 3 5-111443 5-175879 6-584914 7-614106 12-010867 6-393139 11-724483 4 6-815257 6-901172 8-779885 10-152141 16-014490 8-524185 15-632644 5 8-519071 8-626465 10-974856 12-690177 20-018112 10-655231 19-540805 6 10-222885 10-351758 13-169827 15-228212 24-021734 12786277 23-448967 7 11-926699 12-077051 15-364799 17-766248 28-025357 14-917324 27-357128 8 13-630514 13-802344 17-559770 20-304283 32-028979 17-048370 31-265289 9 15-334328 15-527637 19-754741 22-842318 36-032602 19-179416 35-173450 TABLE LXXVE (16). Weights of various iodides, etc., corresponding to known loss of weight on replacing 21 by S0 4 . Loss on replacing 2IbyS0 4 . Corresponding Weights of I. HI. Nal. KI. Agl. PbI 2 . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1-608437 3-216874 4-825310 6-433747 8-042184 9-650621 11-259058 12-867494 14-475931 1-621206 3-242412 4-863618 6-484824 8-106030 9-727236 11-348442 12-969648 14-590854 1-900431 3-800861 5701292 7-601723 9-502154 11-402584 13-303015 15-203446 17-103876 2-104383 4-208766 6-313149 8-417532 10-521915 12-626298 14-730682 16-835065 18-939448 2-975678 5-951355 8-927033 11-902711 14-878389 17-854066 20-829744 23-805422 26-781100 2-918926 5-837852 8756777 11-675703 14-594629 17-513555 20-432480 23-351406 26-270332 1155 O .2 ,a bJO i bC i^-rHkrjOOfMCQOCO Ol^p CO.i^.?DiniOTrico >O t i 1^ CO OS 5 rH t~- CO t^-lOC^IOt^-VOCOOCO OSOiOCjOOOOOOOOt^ r-l rH rH I-H (M (M rH(MCO- < **OCOl>.COO oo a b/3 S H O "t / OSOiOSOlOJOOCOOOOO ep co O i ^2 OOrHr-H03(MCOCOCO OOrHrHrHCNCMCOCO rH r- 1 C-l (M CO O^ O Oi Oi O5 OD OO OO OO I rH G^I (M CO CO 000 >o p o rH rH <7 i 25 J? si CO i 1 O OO J>. TjCO ppr-irHrHCqC^C^CO rH rH (N (N (M CO CO o ?ro 1156 Or- cl 1 rH t -^ (N O i-- "*< I OJ CO rH CN CM CO -* 10 CO 'F i C3 co co **< T* 10 to CNiOOOr-.sOtOOi'M-f f g oocM^--Hpoi^oo r- rH rH (N CM (N CO CO I - i ' 1O OO (N CO I-H rH r-i (M O (M CO r^. 1-1 i-H rH (M Soo o S 2 ^2 S - o" o fl 8 r-l CO 10 OO O i I i-H CM CM CO CO -*< i, O O O C> fi- OOOOOOO 8 ocoioooo i-H ^ I-H l-l CN I-H -H d (N CO CO OOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOO ooooooooo rH rH rH CN o J -J? * CO Oi d 5 oo * o^ CO 11 S CO 00 M rH I-~ s^> o r-H rH O g PH O T*H OO Oi CO Oi 00 rH r-H rH rH f> o 00 Oi OO -* CO O t2 Tfl CM 1O lO 00 6 S S2 t^ Oi 10 S CO Oi O oo 10 r-H 2 co CO CO N!

to t^> O p^ CO O S o b c? o o I-H r-H CO OS ^ o co o 10 r^ oo S5^ oo OO CO ,_, CO O 6 s CO 00 CO oi co o CO CO (M to CO ^ QQ CO 10 to cb cb ,_, 10 CM 8* 6 1 o 00 CM CO 00 00 Oi Ci CO <* <* i-H CO CM *"* ^ Oi ^2 CM O CO C^ CdO S S. J^! S CO CO CO CO I-H Oi O >0 CO O r-l ^^ oo 1O -^1 i 1 CO M CM Cl r-l CO CO CO ,_, oo o q Oi r-l ^ O OS 00 >0 t 1^ CO O r-H 00 00 -* CM 00 CO CO r-H t^ CO 00 co * 1O CN (M 01 OS CM CO CO CO ip ip >o b bo ' o 1= 2 S - 1157 is i g- o t- - 3 o o 03 . oo c^ S 3 g fNO^^OJOj.-ivrt ^ss^s?eg 7*< -^ >p o >p o i^ oooooooo c^ oo i i 6' o 1 1 i 1 | || || | 5 | Pq o OOOOOOrHrH g fc cS o o -j- 1 8 OO ^ b CO O i 1 OO O5 i I o rH I-H r-c i-i !N 00 CO -H- +- o cd fe I s? 05 2 ^ 00 S il o 1 1 s 1 Oi * (M F-H s * * o o rH -i- -i- s 3 5 o o 00 CO ?o o 05 00 Ci o 1 00 rj< rH -fi 05 JpOO CO Ajt CO -r- Hh- C<) * ^^ "c8 ^ rf o 05 o CO OS co Ci co oo -* *^ oo 1 1 SJ o o o S4 CO \O -i- -J J ?: 05 co CO CO 05 CO do CD I O o r ~ l r-H co +- O O I & o o O5 o <* US 01 I 1 00 C^l i co o 05 o -1 I 1 10 00 00 i N *ei 03 I.S g | 1 ssssssss i ll 1? 2 2 2 1 IsiSSeil S Formula of First Carbonate O co ?' d 3 u od 8 iflfsJIf O * g -*- C "3 i 00 ^ 5 | S I 'H 1 I .- '5S-S _ rt a a rt '5 G a - tr, 00 ~ S - 'O ^2 h S -! ^ ^ : T32 t- II 2 fl> * a t 18" 'S-c'a j.0 ^^ ill 11 s ii? 4 ^ 1*^2 511411= I s VOL. II. 4 E 1158 0) 11 2 II z o I H X x 8 s " o CO CO CO o CO OO CO T-H OS OS CO 00 T}1 O CO CO 1^ 00 -*i -*H IO tO CO d" o o O O O O rH c? O oo 00 CO 00 CO 10 os 00 00 10 OS CO o co IO CO t^- CO ^ os 10 os rH CO rH t^. 1^. OS CO CO * o O "S i 0* g to T* b 00 "P b CO b CD 8* 5 b b 10 b CO oo . IO IO i! i -5 CO O3 i 1 00 I 1 CO o CO IO CO OS :M rjl OS T-H J>. OO r 1 CO >_ '^ o>> <3 &3.M' SfU ?^= "JZ 4f X> o -S Formula of 1 8E ^3 = c -|l Formula of s 0-fi. 33 tc^S Substance. Jlj| ||||1 Substance. J O'| ^ c |'|^| 1 C1 2 . . . 70-90 4-044570 43 NbCl 8 200-35 2-146943 2 HC1 . 36-458 3-932745 44 CuCl 2 134-5 2-132045 3 Bed, . 80- 3-584500 45 TeCl 4 . 269-5 2-128089 4 PC1 5 " . 208-25 3-442497 46 Mod. 202-35 2-125723 5 LiCl . 42-48 3-375235 47 S 9 C1 2 . 135-02 2-123834 6 SiCl 4 . 170-2 3-369683 48 ZnCL 136-3 2-103888 7 SC1 4 . 173-86 3-298746 49 RuCl 3 208-05 2-067484 8 A1C1 3 . . 133-45 3-223230 50 RhCl a 209-35 2-054645 9 Si 2 Cl 6 . . 269-5 3-195098 51 GaClj, 1 . 140-9 2-035202 10 PC1 8 . 137-35 3-131707 52 K 2 RuCl 5 . 357-25 2-006718 11 TiCl 4 . 189-9 3-030116 53 TaCl 5 . 360-25 1-990007 12 MgCL 95-26 3-010288 54 FeCl 3 + 3H 2 . 216-298 1-988645 13 VC1 4 . 193- 2-971606 55 InCl s . 221-35 1-943257 14 SCI, . 102-96 2-785159 56 (NH 4 ) 2 PtCl c . 443-644 1-939122 15 CrCIg. . . 158-45 2-714673 57 SnCl 4 + 2H 2 . 296-832 1-932137 16 NH 4 C1 53-522 2-678898 58 KC1 . 74-6 1-921984 17 GeCl 4 . 214-3 2-676248 59 Na 9 IrCl 6 . 451-8 1-904117 18 Fed 8 . 162-25 2-651094 60 K 2 RhCl 5 + H 2 O . 376-566 1-903783 19 NbCl 5 271-25 2-642949 61 SbCl 3 . 226-55 1-898654 20 MoCl 5 273-25 2-623605 62 BeCl, + 4H 9 . 152-064 1-885785 21 SeCl'. 221- 2-595113 63 Lid + 2H 78-512 1-826218 22 CaCl . 111- 2-583423 64 SrCl 2 . , 158-5 1-809211 23 Fe 3 Cl s 451-3 2-541635 65 A1C1 3 + 6H 2 . 241-546 1-780779 24 ZrCl 4 . 232-4 2-467814 66 K 9 IrCl 6 . 484- 1-777438 25 NaCl . 58-5 2-450940 67 K PtCl 6 . 485-8 1-770852 26 GaCl 3 . 176-35 2-439127 68 WC1 4 . . 325-8 1-760344 27 MoCl 4 237-8 2-411775 69 K 2 PdCl 4 . 326-6 1-756032 28 SbCl 5 . . . 297-45 2-410153 70 LaCl 3 . 245-25 1-753884 29 AsCl 3 . . . 181-35 2-371878 71 CeCl 3 . 246-6 1-744282 30 LiCl + H 2 0. . 60-496 2-370074 72 OsCl 4 . 332-8 1-723317 31 RuCl 4 ' . . 243-5 2-355318 73 MoCl 8 166-9 1-718155 32 VC1 9 . . . i 122-1 2-348567 74 IrCl 4 . 334-8 1-713023 33 PdCl 4 . . . 248-3 2-309787 75 PtCl 4 336-6 1-703862 34 MnCl 2 . . 125-9 2-277681 76 CuCl 2 + 2H 2 170-532 1-681561 35 FeCl 2 . . . 126-8 2-261514 77 SnCl 4 + 5H 2 . 350-88 1-634519 36 NiCl . . . 129-6 2-212654 78 PdCl 2 177-4 1-616460 37 CoCl 2 . . . 129-9 2-207544 79 Fed, + 6H 9 . 270-346 1-591072 38 YC1 3 . . . 195-35 2-201843 80 CdCC " 183-3 1-564430 39 SnCl 4 . . . 260-8 2-199080 81 l ThCL 374-3 1-532247 40 K RuCl c . . 392-7 2-190680 82 KAuCl 4 . 378-15 1-516647 41 WC1 6 . . . 396-7 2-168591 83 SnCU . 189-9 1-510058 42 K 2 PdCl 6 . . 397-5 2-164226 84 UC1 4 " . 380-3 1-508073 1160 TABLE LXXVE (25) continued. ^\ ^ *^' cn ^_^ o^s'S ^^ J^ 1 ~** O -^ qj eS 13 0 371-362 1-158277 93 /~11 - OTT f\ bnU! 4 + ori U 404-928 416351 112 WClo . 254-9 1-124990 94 MgCl 2 + 6H 2 O . 203-356 410138 113 PtCl 2 . 265-7 1-079262 95 T1C1 8 . 310-45 385537 114 SrCl +6H 9 266-596 1-075635 96 KAuCl 4 +2H 2 . 414-182 384705 115 HgCl, '. 270-9 1-058546 97 K PtCl 4 . 414-9 1-382309 116 PbCl 2 277-8 1-032253 98 BaCI 2 . 208-3 1-376668 117 AgCl . 143-38 1- 99 BiCl 3 . 314-85 1-366174 118 CsCl . 168-45 0*851172 100 PtCl 4 + 5H 2 . 426-68 1-344145 119 U0 2 C1 9 . 341-4 0-839953 101 CaCl 2 + 6H 2 O . 219*096 1-308833 120 AuCl . 232-65 0-616291 102 CdCl 2 + 2H 2 . 219*332 1*307424 121 HgCl . 235-45 0-608962 103 SnCl 2 + 2H 2 O . 225-932 1*269231 122 T1C1 . 239-55 0*598539 The principal use of the preceding table is for the determination, without separation, of the! percentage composition of a mixture of two pure chlorides. The manner of using it can be bestij understood from the following instance : By operating with one gramme of a mixture of caesium chloride and lithium chloride 2*8756 grms. of silver chloride were obtained ; find the percentage composition of the mixture. If the whole gramme had been pure LiCl we should have got 3*375235 grms. of AgCl _, >> " CsCl 0-851172 AgCl Iherefore for 100 per cent, of LiCl we get above minimum 2-524063 AgCl 100 2524-063 per cent. and every mgm. of AgCl above the minimum 0'851172 grm. corresponds to LiCl, i.e. to 0*03961866 per cent. LiCl. The excess above minimum is 2*8756 - 0-8512 = 2'0244 grms. or 2024*4 mgms. .'. Percentage of LiCl = 2024*4 x 0*03961866 = 80'204. A mixture of two chlorides giving anywhere near the same amounts of AgCl should not be nested by this method ; the difference between maximum and minimum should be at least 0*1 grm. Similar tables for sulphates, carbonates, etc., would prove useful in many cases, but the authoi has in course of computation a series of tables which practically does away with all calculations for mixture of any two pure salts. The following table is only a short excerpt from the table for two chlorides. 1161 TABLE LXXVE (26). For the Determination of Percentage Composition of Mixtures of two Chlorides, without separation, and with practically no calculation. W = Weight in grammes of mixture to be employed. M = Amount to be subtracted from the weight (P) of AgCl obtained from W grms. of mixture. Then the number of centigrammes in (P M) gives the percentage of the chloride with the smaller equivalent. W. M. W. M. 1 ngC! 2 and BaCl 2 . 3-14344 3-32748 CdCl 2 and CaCl 2 . 0-98136 1-53527 CdCl 2 . 1-97674 2-09247 NH 4 C1 0-89729 1-40375 SrCl 2 . ! 1-33215 1-41014 LiCl . 0-55224 0-86394 KC1 . M5816 1-22596 SrCl 2 and KC1 . 8-86741 16-04301 NaCl . 0-71819 0-76023 NaCl . 1-55829 2-81928 CaCl 2 . 0-65579 0-69418 CaCl 2 . 1-29164 2-33684 NH 4 C1 0-61715 0-65328 NH 4 C1 1-14984 2-08030 LiCl . 0-43165 0-45692 LiCl . 0-63856 1-15529 BaCl 2 and CdCl 2 . 5-32590 7-33200 KC1 and NaCl . 1-89052 3-63354 SrCl 2 . 2-31191 3-18273 CaCl 2 . 1-51185 2-90576 KC1 . 1-83380 2-52453 , NH 4 C1 1-32115 2-53924 NaCl . 0-93086 1-28149 LiCl . 0-68811 1-32254 CaCl 2 . 0-82867 1-14080 NaCl and CaCl 2 . 7*54812 18-50000 NH 4 C1 0-76791 1-05716 NH 4 C1 4-38677 10-75171 LiCl . 0-50036 0-68883 LiCl . 1-08191 2-65169 CdCl 2 and SrCl 2 . 4-08528 6-39113 CaCl 2 and NH 4 C1 10-47395 27-05865 KC1 . 2-79678 4-37537 LiCl . 1-26293 3-26267 NaCl . 1-12802 1-76471 NH 4 C1 and LiCl . 1-43609 3-84713 NOTE. Where W is so large as to be unmanageable, a half, a third, a fourth, etc., may be taken and P will then be twice, three times, four times, etc., the actual amount of AgCl obtained. When W is very large it may be taken in decigrammes, and each milligramme in (P - M) will then represent 1 per cent, of the second chloride. 1162 4 I : Tc to I I - 7 I r ul -N O SO 7^ i>.oot s .oooo ~ r? -s -.-. rt -r ootcr:iTC OO re u- -M rt t-^C 00 '^'^-^Jm^r ' IO IQ r. (N Ci O t** *^* OO t^* ^* O t~* t> CC CO CO CO * 77 Tl cc a: H re oooioo6c^oo6o6o CO r-t (M -i^cocooo O -*< t^ -(*< t>. ~ O C30 1-1 TJI OO c- r; os oo ^ C CO ?O OS O OO os oo r^ ^ o CO ^ O CO O ^O i g O CO I- O 71 ,-H CO U3 00 O CO oo /^ - ' ' ,-H T O 00 l-H CO 00 CO < M C4 ^ CO 00 M ^1 D M ^ 1-1 ~ -I -< N CM p^ci(N^}<^.oopc^oop i O C~. ac oc - o i-~. : I C^ CO ^r O -^ . -^ to ?o so 8 i^ to u- rr c^ !M r-i o cr; oo *<1 c I QO Ci C5 ^-" (>1 CO CO O ^ C5 T-I _: %c -^r -c vr vr vr %r o u- u- o u- u- u-. "* to OO ~ <-< - l^ x ~. ~. ~ C- *O tO OO Ci r-< to to to i- u- u- u- o u- u- o LT; i.- o r. r. r. cr. ~. ~. ~. ~. ~. ~. x x x x x x x x x O^^COCOC^C^r-H^-.OCiCiOOt^t^.tOkOlO^CO'M OOCiCiOiC5C5CiCiCiOOOOOOOOOOaOOOCOOOOOOO X X X X X X X X X X X X X I- 1166 TABLE LXXV la Alcohol; Volume Percentage of Aqueous Solutions at 15;; J C. ; 60 F. ; 12J R. (Brix.) 100 litres of Solution contain Specific Gravity at 60 F. Contraction. Weight in kgms. of 1 litre Solution. Litres of Alcohol Litres of Water. i-oooo 100-000 o-ooo 0-99783 0-9985 1 99-055 0-055 99633 9970 2 98-111 0-111 99484 9956 3 97-176 0-176 99344 9942 4 96-242 0-242 99204 9928 5 95-307 0-307 99065 9915 6 94-382 0-382 98935 9902 7 93-458 0-458 98805 9890 8 92-543 0-543 98685 9878 9 91-629 0-629 98565 9866 10 90-714 0-714 98-446 9854 11 89-799 0-799 98326 9843 12 88-895 0-895 98216 9832 13 87-990 0-990 98107 9821 14 87-086 1-086 97997 9811 15 86-191 1-191 97897 9800 16 85-286 1-286 97788 9790 17 84-392 1-392 97688 9780 18 83-497 1-497 97588 9770 19 82-603 1-603 97488 9760 20 81-708 1-708 97388 9750 21 80-813 1-813 97288 9740 22 79919 1-919 97188 9729 23 79-014 2-014 97078 9719 24 78-119 2-119 96979 9709 25 77-225 2-225 96879 9698 26 76-320 2-320 96767 9688 27 75-426 2-426 96679 9677 28 '74-521 2-521 96560 9666 29 73-617 2-617 96449 9655 30 72-712 2-712 96340 9643 31 71-797 2-797 96221 9631 32 70-883 2-883 96101 9G18 9605 9592 9579 33 34 35 36 69-958 69-034 68-109 67-184 2-958 3-034 3-109 3-184 95971 95841 95712 95582 1167 TABLE LXXVlB. continued. 100 litres of Solution contain Specific Gravity at 60 F. Contraction. Weight in kgms. of 1 litre Solution. Litres of Alcohol. Litres of Water. 0-9565 37 66-250 3-250 0*95442 9550 38 65-305 3-305 95292 9535 39 64-361 3-361 95143 9519 40 63-406 3-406 94983 9503 41 62-451 3-451 94823 9487 42 61-497 3-497 94664 9470 43 60-532 3-532 94494 9452 44 59-558 3-558 94315 9435 45 58-593 3-593 94145 9417 46 57-618 3-618 93966 9399 47 56-644 3-644 93786 9381 48 55-669 3-669 93606 9362 49 54-685 3-685 93417 9343 50 53-700 3-700 93227 9323 51 52-705 3-705 93028 9303 52 51-711 3-711 92828 9283 53 50-716 3-716 92628 9263 54 49-722 3-722 92429 9242 55 48-717 3-717 92219 9221 56 47-712 3-712 92020 9200 57 46-708 3-708 91800 9178 58 45-693 3-693 91581 9156 59 44-678 3-678 91361 9134 60 43-664 3-664 91142 9112 61 42-649 3-649 90922 9090 62 41-635 3-635 90703 9067 63 40-610 3-610 90473 9044 64 39-586 3-586 90244 9021 65 38-561 3-561 90014 8997 66 37-526 3-526 8977:) 8973 67 36-492 3-492 89535 8949 68 35-457 3-457 89296 8925 69 34-423 3-423 89056 8900 70 33-378 3-378 88806 8875 71 32-333 3-333 88557 8850 72 31-289 3-289 88308 8825 73 30-244 3-244 88058 1168 TABLE LXXVIe. continued. Specific Gravity at60F. 100 litres of Solution contain Contraction. Weight in kgms. of 1 litre Solution. Litres of Alcohol Litres of Water. 0-8799 74 29-190 3-190 0-87799 8773 75 28-135 3-135 87540 8747 76 27-080 3-080 87280 8720 77 26-016 3-016 87011 8693 78 24-951 2-951 86741 8666 79 23-877 2-877 86472 8639 80 22-822 2-822 86202 8611 81 21-747 2-747 85923 8583 82 20-673 2-673 85644 8555 83 19-598 2-598 85364 8526 84 18-514 2-514 85075 8496 85 17-419 2-419 84776 8466 86 16-324 2-324 84476 8436 87 15-230 2-230 84177 8405 88 14-125 2-125 83867 8373 89 13-011 2-011 83548 8339 90 11-876 1-876 83209 8306 91 10-751 1-751 82880 8272 92 9-617 1-617 82540 8237 93 8-472 1-472 82191 8201 94 7-318 1-318 81832 8164 95 6-153 1-153 81463 8125 96 4-968 0-968 81074 8084 97 3-764 0-764 80665 8041 98 2-539 0-539 80235 7995 99 1-285 0-285 79776 7946 100 o-ooo o-ooo 79287 1169 CM O I % fl o ' a n XI O mes of water given be require to be diluted w Desired Strength (by volume). i i (M CO I-H r i i I (MCO-^IOCOOOOCOOOCOO OO lOOO ooooooo oo O'^ ooooooo 1170 TABLE LXXVlD. Conversion of Kilogrammes of Spirit to Litres according to its strength 15f C. (Fischern.) Volume Percentage. 1 Kg. = Litres. Volume Percentage. 1 Kg. = Litres Volume Percentage 1 Kg. = Litres Volume Percentage. 1 Kg. = Litres. 1 1-003681 26 1-033384 51 1-074951 76 1-145736 2 005191 27 034451 52 077261 77 149284 3 006605 28 035627 53 079582 78 152853 4 008022 29 036819 54 081913 79 156445 5 009444 30 037986 55 084371 80 160060 6 010767 31 039278 56 086841 81 163832 7 012095 32 040573 57 089322 82 167629 8 013322 33 041980 58 091933 83 171450 9 014554 34 043390 59 094557 84 175435 10 015787 35 044804 60 097193 85 179585 11 017024 36 046222 61 099842 86 183765 12 018161 37 047753 62 102504 87 187975 13 019300 38 049399 63 105301 88 192357 14 020442 39 051050 64 108111 89 196914 15 021482 40 052817 65 110937 90 201794 16 022628 41 054589 66 113902 91 206569 17 023673 42 056368 67 116879 92 211528 18 024720 43 058264 68 119875 93 216676 19 025768 44 060279 69 122886 94 222017 20 026820 45 062190 70 126040 95 227555 21 027873 46 064220 71 129212 96 233447 22 028928 47 066256 72 132402 97 239703 23 030091 48 068304 73 135610 98 246332 24 031151 49 070472 74 138963 99 253503 25 032213 50 072649 75 142341 100 261233 1171 TABLE LXXVlB. Specific Gravity, etc., of Aqueous Alcohol. (Imperial Commission ; based on Mendelejeff s results.) Percent, of Alcohol by Weight. Specific Gravity ^L. 15 Percent, of Alcohol by Weight. Specific Gravity . Percent, of Alcohol by Weight. Specific Gravity . 15 1-00000 34 0-95105 68 0-87746 1 0-99812 35 0-94927 69 509 2 630 36 745 70 272 3 453 37 559 71 035 4 284 38 369 72 0-86797 5 120 39 176 73 557 6 0-98964 40 0-93980 74 318 7 813 41 780 75 077 8 668 42 578 76 0-85836 9 528 43 372 77 593 10 394 44 164 78 350 11 263 45 0-92954 79 106 12 136 46 742 80 0-84860 13 012 47 527 81 614 14 0-97890 48 311 82 366 15 769 49 092 83 116 16 649 50 0-91873 84 0-83865 17 530 51 651 85 612 18 410 52 429 86 357 19 289 53 205 87 099 20 167 54 0-90980 88 0-82840 21 043 55 754 89 577 22 0-96916 56 527 90 312 23 786 57 299 91 043 24 653 58 071 92 0-81771 25 517 59 0-89841 93 495 26 377 60 611 94 215 27 233 61 380 95 0-80931 28 085 62 149 96 642 29 0-95932 63 0-88917 97 347 30 775 64 684 98 048 31 614 65 450 99 0-79743 32 449 66 216 100 432 33 279 67 0-87981 1172 TABLE LXXVIp. Specific Gravity at GOT. (15C. or 12R.), Volume Percentage and Weight Percentage of Aqueous Alcohol. (Tralles.) Volume Per- centage. Weight Per- centage. *o, Volume Per- centage. Weight Per- centage. s,o,-- Volume Per- centage. Weight Per- centage. + **9 1-0000 34 28-13 1-9605 68 60-38 0-8949 1 0-80 9985 35 28-99 9592 69 61-44 25 2 1-60 70 36 29-86 79 70 62-50 00 3 2-40 56 37 30-74 65 71 63-58 8875 4 3-20 42 38 31-62 50 72 64-66 50 5 4-00 28 39 32-50 0-9535 73 65-74 25 6 4-81 15 40 33-39 19 74 66-83 8799 7 5-62 02 41 34-28 03 75 67-93 73 8 6-43 9890 42 35-18 9487 76 69-05 47 9 7-24 78 43 36-08 70 77 70-18 20 10 8-05 66 44 36-99 52 78 71-31 8693 11 8-87 54 45 37-90 35 79 72-45 66 12 9-69 43 46 38-82 17 80 73-59 39 13 10-51 32 47 39-74 9399 81 74-74 11 14 11-33 21 48 40-66 81 82 75-91 8583 15 12-15 11 49 41-59 62 83 77-09 55 16 12-98 00 50 42-52 43 84 78-29 26 17 13-80 9790 51 43-47 23 85 79-50 8496 18 14-63 80 52 44-42 03 86 80-71 66 19 15-46 70 53 45-36 9283 87 81-94 36 20 16-28 60 54 46-32 63 88 83-19 05 21 17-11 50 55 47-29 42 89 84-46 8373 22 17-95 40 56 48-26 21 90 85-75 39 23 18-78 29 57 49-23 00 91 87-05 06 24 19-62 19 58 50-21 9178 92 88-37 8272 25 20-46 09 59 51-20 56 93 89-71 37 26 21-30 9698 60 52-20 34 94 91-07 01 27 28 29 22-14 22-99 23-84 88 77 66 61 62 63 53-20 54-21 55-21 12 9090 67 95 96 97 92-46 93-89 95-34 8164 25 8084 30 31 32 33 24-69 25-55 26-41 27-27 55 43 31 18 64 65 66 67 56-22 57-24 58-27 59-32 44 21 8997 73 98 99 100 96-84 98-39 100-00 41 7995 46 1173 TABLE LXXVIo. Specific Gravity and Strength of Aqueous Solutions of Alcohol. (Arranged mostly from Hehner's Results.) The upper number in each compartment gives the percentage of absolute alcohol by volume, the lower number gives the percentage by weight. Specific Gravities at 60 F. (15F C.). Specific Gravity. Fourth Place of Decimals in Specific Gravities. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0-999 0-07 0-05 0-13 0-11 0-20 0-16 0-26 0-21 0-33 0-26 0-40 0-32 0-46 0-37 0-53 0-42 0-60 0-47 0-66 0-53 998 0-73 0-58 0-79 0-63 0-86 0-68 0-93 0-74 0-99 0-79 1-06 0-84 1-13 0-89 1-19 0-95 1-26 1-00 1-34 1-06 997 1-42 1-12 1-49 1-19 1-57 1-25 1-65 1-31 1-73 1-37 1-81 1-44 1-88 1-50 1-96 1-56 2-04 1-62 2-12 1-69 996 2-20 1-75 2-27 1-81 2-35 1-87 2-43 1-94 2-51 2-00 2-58 2-06 2-65 2-11 2-72 2-17 2-79 2-22 2-86 2-28 995 2-93 2-33 3-00 2-39 3-07 2-44 3-14 2-50 3-21 2-56 3-28 2-61 3-35 2-67 3-42 2-72 3-49 2-78 3-55 2-83 994 3-62 2-89 3-69 2-94 3'76 3-00 3-83 3-06 3-90 3-12 3-98 3-18 4-05 3-24 4-12 3-29 4-20 3-35 4-27 3-41 993 4-34 3-47 4-42 3-53 4-49 3-59 4-56 3-65 4-63 3-71 471 3-76 4-78 3-82 4-85 3-88 4-93 3-94 5-00 4-00 992 5-08 4-06 5-16 4-12 5-24 4-19 5-32 4-25 5-39 4-31 5-47 4-37 5-55 4-44 6-32 5-06 5-63 4-50 5'71 4-56 5-78 4-62 991 5'86 4-69 5-94 4-75 6-02 4-81 6-78 5-44 6-10 4-87 6-17 4-94 6-24 5-00 6-40 5-12 6-48 5-19 6-55 5-25 990 6-63 5-31 6-71 5-37 6-86 5-50 6-94 5-56 7-01 5-62 7-09 5-69 7-92 6-36 7-17 5-75 7-25 5-81 7-32 5-87 989 7-40 5-94 7-48 6-00 7-57 6-07 7-66 6-14 7-74 6-21 7-83 6-28 8-01 6-43 8-10 6-50 8-18 6-57 988 8-27 6-64 8-36 6-71 8-45 6-78 8-54 686 8-63 6-93 8-72 7-00 8-80 7'07 8-88 7-13 8-96 7-20 9-04 7-27 987 9-13 7-33 9-21 7-40 9-29 7-47 9-37 7-53 9-45 7-60 9-54 7-67 9-62 7-73 9-70 7-80 9-78 7-87 9-86 7-93 986 995 8-00 10-03 8-07 10-12 8-14 10-21 8-21 10-30 8-29 10-38 8-36 10-47 8-43 10-56 8-50 10-65 8-57 10-73 8-64 vni. TT 4 F 1174 TABLE LXXYIo. continued. Specific Gravity. Fourth Place of Decimals in Specific Gravities. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0-985 10-82 8-71 10-91 8-79 11-00 8-86 11-08 8-93 11-17 9-00 11-26 9-07 11-35 9-14 11-44 9-21 11-52 9-29 11-61 9-36 984 11-70 9-43 11-79 9-50 11-87 9-57 11-96 9-64 12-05 9-71 12-13 9-79 12-22 9-86 12-31 9-93 12-40 10-00 12-49 10-08 983 12-58 10-15 12-68 10-23 12-77 10-31 12-87 10-38 12-96 10-46 13-05 10-54 13-15 10-62 13-24 10-69 13-34 10-77 13-43 10-85 982 13-52 10-92 13-62 11-00 13-71 11-08 13-81 11-15 13-90 11-23 13-99 11-31 14-09 11-38 14-18 11-46 14-27 11-54 14-37 11-62 981 14-46 11-69 14-56 11-77 14-65 11-85 14-74 11-92 14-84 12-00 14-93 12-08 15-02 12-15 15-12 12-23 15-21 12-31 15-30 12-38 980 15-40 12-46 15-49 12-54 15-58 12-62 15-68 12-69 15-77 12-77 15-86 12-85 15-96 12-92 16-05 13-00 16-15 13-08 17-08 13-85 16-24 13-15 979 16-33 13-23 16-43 13-31 16-52 13-38 16-61 13-46 16-70 13-54 16-80 13-02 16-89 13-69 16-98 13-77 17-17 13-92 978 17-26 14-00 17-37 14-09 17-48 14-18 17-59 14-27 17-70 14-36 18-78 15-25 17-81 14-45 17-92 14-55 18-03 14-64 18-14 14-73 18-25 14-82 977 18-36 14-90 18-48 15-00 18-58 15-08 18-68 15-17 18-88 15-33 18-98 15-42 19-08 15-50 19-18 15-58 19-28 15-67 976 19-39 15-75 19-49 15-83 19-59 15-92 19-68 16-00 19-78 16-08 19-87 16-15 19-96 16-23 20-06 16-31 20-15 16-38 20-24 16-46 975 20-33 16-54 20-43 16-62 20-52 16-69 20-61 16-77 20-71 16-85 20-80 16-92 20-89 17-00 20-99 17-08 21-09 17-17 21-19 17-25 974 21-29 17-33 21-39 17-42 21-49 17-50 21-59 17-58 21-69 17-67 21-79 17-75 21-89 17-83 21-99 17-92 22-09 18-00 22-18 18-08 973 22-27 18-15 22-36 18-23 22-46 18-31 22-55 18-38 22-64 18-46 22-73 18-54 22-82 18-62 22*92 18-69 23-01 18-77 23-10 18-85 972 23-19 18-92 23-28 19-00 23-38 19-08 23-48 19-17 23-58 19-25 23-68 19-33 23-78 19-42 23-88 19-50 23-98 19-58 24-08 19-67 25-07 20-50 971 24-18 19-75 24-28 19-83 24-38 19-92 :>4-4S 20-00 24-58 20-08 24-68 20-17 24-78 20-25 24-88 20-33 25-86 21-15 lU'DcS 20-42 970 25-17 20-58 25-27 20-67 25-37 20-75 25-47 20-83 25-57 20-92 25-67 21-00 25-76 21-08 25-95 21-23 26-04 21-31 1175 TABLE LXXVlG. continued. Specific Gravity. Fourth Place of Decimals in Specific Gravities. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0-969 26-13 21-38 26-22 21-46 26-31 21-54 26-40 21-62 26-49 21-69 26-58 21-77 26-67 21-85 26-77 21-92 27-68 22-69 26-86 22-00 26-95 22-08 968 27-04 22-15 27-13 22-23 27-22 22-31 27-31 22-38 27-40 22-46 27-49 22-54 27-59 22-62 27-77 22-77 27-86 22-85 967 27-95 22-92 28-04 23-00 28-13 23-08 28-22 23-15 28-31 23-23 28-41 23-31 28-50 23-38 28-59 23-46 28-68 23-54 28-77 23-62 966 28-86 23-69 28-95 23-77 29-04 23-85 29-13 23-92 29-22 24-00 29-31 24-08 29-40 24-15 29-49 24-23 29-58 24-31 29-67 24-38 965 29-76 24-46 29-86 24-54 29-95 24-62 30-04 24-69 30-13 24-77 30-22 24-85 30-31 24-92 30-40 25-00 30-48 25-07 30-57 25-14 964 30-65 25-21 30-73 25-29 30-82 25-36 30-90 25-43 30-98 25-50 31-07 25-57 31-15 25-64 31-23 25-71 31-32 25-79 31-40 25-86 963 31-48 25-93 31-57 26-00 31-65 26-07 31-72 26-13 31-80 26-20 31-88 26-27 31-96 26-33 32-03 26-40 32-11 26-47 32-19 26-53 962 32-27 26-60 32-34 26-67 32-42 26-73 32-50 26-80 32-58 26-87 32-65 26-93 32-73 27-00 32-81 27-07 32-90 27-14 32-98 27-21 961 33-06 27-29 33-15 27-36 33-23 27-43 33-31 27-50 33-39 27-57 33-48 27-64 33-56 27-71 33-64 27-79 33-73 27-86 33-81 27-93 960 33-89 28-00 33-97 28-06 34-04 28-12 34-11 28-19 34-18 28-25 34-25 28-31 34-33 28-37 34-40 28-44 34-47 28-50 34-54 28-56 959 34-61 28-62 34-69 28-69 34-76 28-75 34-83 28-81 34-90 28-87 34-97 28-94 35-05 29-00 35-12 29-07 35-20 29-13 35-28 29-20 958 35-35 29-27 35-43 29-33 35-51 29-40 35-58 29-47 35-66 29-53 35-74 29-60 35-81 29-67 35-89 29-73 35-97 29-80 36-04 29-87 957 36-12 29-93 36-20 30-00 36-83 30-56 36-26 30-06 36-32 30-11 36-39 30-17 36-45 30-22 36-51 30-28 36-57 30-33 36-64 30-39 36-70 30-44 956 36-76 30-50 36-89 30-61 36-95 30-67 37-02 30-72 37-08 30-78 37-14 30-83 37-20 30-89 37-27 30-94 37-34 31-00 955 37-41 31-06 37-48 31-12 37-55 31-19 37-62 31-25 37-69 31-31 37-76 31-37 37-83 31-44 37-90 31-50 37-97 31-56 38-04 31-62 954 38-11 31-69 38-18 31-75 38-25 31-81 38-33 31-87 38-40 31-94 38-47 32-00 38-53 32-06 38-60 32-12 38-68 32-19 38-75 32-:>5 1176 TABLE LXX.VIG. continued. Specific Gravity Fourth Place of Decimals in Specific Gravities. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0-953 38-82 32-31 38-89 32-37 38-96 32-44 39-04 32-50 39-11 32-56 39-18 32-62 39-25 32-69 39-32 32-75 39-40 32-81 39-47 32-87 952 39-54 32-94 39-61 33-00 39-68 33-06 39-74 33-12 39-81 33-18 39-87 33-24 39-94 33-29 40-01 33-35 40-07 33-41 40-14 33-47 951 40-20 33-53 40-27 33-59 40-34 33-65 40-40 33-71 40-47 33-76 40-53 33-82 40-60 33-88 40-67 33-94 40-74 34-00 40-79 34-05 950 40-84 34-10 40-90 34-14 40-95 34-19 41-00 34-24 41-05 34-29 41-11 34-33 41-16 34-38 41-21 34-43 41-26 34-48 41-32 34-52 949 41-37 34-57 41-42 34-62 41-48 34-67 41-53 34-71 41-58 34-76 41-63 34-81 41-69 34-86 41-74 34-90 41-79 34-95 41-84 35-00 948 41-90 35-05 41-95 35-10 42-01 35-15 42-06 35-20 42-12 35-25 42-17 35-30 42-23 35-35 42-29 35-40 42-34 35-45 42-40 35-50 947 42-45 35-55 42-51 35-60 42-56 35-65 42-62 35-70 42-67 35-75 42-73 35-80 42-78 35-85 42-84 35-90 42-89 35-95 4295 36-00 946 43-01 36-06 43-07 36-11 43-13 36-17 43-19 36-22 43-26 36-28 43-32 36-33 43-38 36-39 43-44 36-44 43-50 36-50 43-56 36-56 945 43-63 36-61 43-69 36-67 43-75 36-72 43-81 36-78 43-87 36-83 43-93 36-89 44-00 36-94 44-06 37-00 44-12 37-06 44-18 37-11 944 44-24 37-17 44-30 37-22 44-36 37-28 44-43 37-33 44-49 37-39 44-55 37-44 44-61 37-50 44-67 37-56 44-73 37-61 44-79 37-67 943 942 44-86 37-72 44-92 37-78 44-98 37-83 45-04 37-89 45-10 37-94 45-16 38-00 45-22 38-06 45-28 38-11 45-34 38-17 45-41 38-22 45-47 38-28 45-53 38-33 45-59 38-39 45-65 38-44 45-71 38-50 45-77 38-56 45-83 38-61 45-89 38-67 45-95 38-72 46-02 38-78 941 46-08 38-83 46-14 38-89 46-20 38-94 46-26 39-00 46-32 39-05 46-37 39-10 46-42 39-15 46-48 39-20 46-53 39-25 46-59 39-30 940 46-64 39-35 47-18 39-85 46-70 39-40 46-75 39-45 47-29 39-95 46-80 39-50 46-86 39-55 46-91 39-60 46-97 39-65 47-02 39-70 47-08 39-75 47-13 39-80 939 47-24 39-90 47-35 40-00 47-40 40-05 47-45 40-10 47-51 40-15 47-56 40-20 47-62 40-25 47-67 40-30 938 47-7'2 40-35 47-78 40-40 47-83 40-45 47-89 40-50 47-94 40-55 47-99 40-60 48-05 40-65 48-10 40-70 48-16 4-0-75 48-21 40-80 1177 TABLE LXXVIo. continued. Specific Gravity. Fourth Place of Decimals in Specific Gravities. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0-937 48-26 40-85 48-32 40-90 48-37 40-95 48-43 41-00 48-48 41-05 48-54 41-10 48-59 41-15 48-64 41-20 48-70 41-25 48-75 41-30 936 48-80 41-35 48-86 41-40 48-91 41-45 48-97 41-50 49-02 41-55 49-07 41-60 49-13 41-65 49-18 41-70 49-23 41-75 49-29 41-80 935 49-34 41-85 49-40 41-90 49-45 41-95 49-50 42-00 49-55 42-05 49-61 42-10 49-66 42-14 49-71 42-19 49-76 42-24 49-81 42-29 934 49-86 42-33 49-91 42-38 49-96 42-43 50-01 42-48 50-06 42-52 50-11 42-57 50-16 42-62 50-21 42-67 50-26 42-71 50-31 42-76 933 50-37 42-81 50-42 42-86 50-47 42-90 50-52 42-95 50-57 43-00 50-62 43-05 50-67 43-10 50-72 43-14 50-77 43-19 50-82 43-24 932 50-87 43-29 50-92 43-33 50-97 43-39 51-48 43-86 51-02 43-43 51-07 43-48 51-12 43-52 51-17 43-57 51-22 43-62 51-27 43-67 51-32 43-71 931 51-38 43-76 51-43 43-81 51-53 43-90 51-58 43-95 51 63 44-00 51-68 44-05 51-72 44-09 51-77 44-14 51-82 44-18 930 51-87 44-23 52-34 44-68 51-91 44-27 51-96 44-32 52-01 44-36 52-06 44-41 52-10 44-46 52-15 44-50 52-20 44-55 52-25 44-59 52-29 44-64 929 52-39 44-73 52-44 44-77 52-48 44-82 52-53 44-86 52-58 44-91 52-63 44-96 52-68 45-00 52-72 45-05 52-77 45-09 928 52-82 45-14 52-87 45-18 52-92 45-23 52-97 45-28 53-02 45-33 53-06 45-37 53-12 45-42 53-16 45-47 53-21 45-51 53-26 45-56 927 53-31 45-61 53-36 45-66 53-41 45-70 53-46 45-75 53-51 45-80 53-56 45-85 53-61 45-90 53-65 45-94 53-70 45-99 53-75 46-04 926 53-80 46-09 53-85 46-13 53-90 46-18 53-95 46-22 54-00 46-27 54-05 46-31 54-09 46-36 54-14 46-41 54-19 46-45 54-24 46-50 925 54-29 46-54 54-34 46-60 54-38 46-64 54-43 46-69 54-48 46-74 54-53 46-78 r>4-r>8 46-83 54-63 40-87 54-67 46-92 54-72 46-96 924 54-77 47-01 55-25 47-47 54-82 47-06 54-87 47-10 54-92 47-15 54-96 47-19 55-01 47-24 55-06 47-28 55-11 47-33 55-15 47-38 55-20 47*42 923 55-30 47-51 55-35 47-55 55-39 47-60 55-44 47-64 55-49 47-69 55-54 47-73 55-58 47-78 55-63 47-82 55-68 47-87 922 55-73 47-91 55-77 47-96 55-82 48-00 55-87 48-05 55-92 48-09 55-96 48-14 56-01 48-18 56-06 48-23 56-10 48-27 56-15 48-32 1178 TABLE LXXVIo. continued. Specific Gravity. 0-921 920 Fourth Place of D.'cimals in Specific Gravities. 9 56-20 48*36 8 56-24 48-41 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 56-29 48-45 56-34 48-50 56-38 48-54 56-43 48-59 56-48 48-63 56-52 56-57 48-68 48-72 56-62 48-77 56-66 48-81 56-71 48-86 56-76 48-90 56-80 56-85 48-95 48-99 56-89 49-04 56-94 49-08 56*99 49-13 57-03 49-17 57-08 49-22 919 57-12 49-26 57-17 49-31 57-22 49-36 57-26 57-31 49-40 49-45 ! 57-36 49-49 .37-40 49-54 57-45 49-59 57-49 49-63 57-54 49-68 918 917 57*59 49-72 57*63 49-76 57-68 49-81 57*73 57-77 49-85 49-89 57-82 49-94 57-86 49-98 57-91 50-03 57-96 50-07 58-00 50-11 58-05 50-16 58-10 50-20 58-15 50-24 58-20 50-29 58-24 50-33 58-29 50-38 58-33 50-42 58-38 50-46 58-42 50-51 58-47 50-55 916 58-52 50-59 58-56 50-63 58-61 50-67 58-65 50-72 58-69 50-76 58-74 58-79 50-81 50-85 58-84 50-90 58-88 50-94 58-93 50-98 915 58-97 51-03 59-02 51-07 59-06 51-11 59-11 51-16 59-15 51-20 59-20 51-24 59-24 51-28 59-29 59-33 51-33 51-37 59-38 51-41 914 59-42 51-46 59-47 51-50 59-51 51-54 59-56 51-59 59-60 51-63 59-65 51-68 59-69 51-72 59-74 51-76 59-78 51-81 59-83 51-85 913 59-87 51-89 59-92 51-94 59-96 51-98 60-01 52-03 60-05 52-07 60-10 52-12 60-14 52-16 60-19 52-20 60-23 52-25 60-28 52-29 912 60-32 52-34 60-36 52-38 60-41 52-42 60-46 52-47 60-50 52-51 60-54 52-56 60-59 52-60 60-63 52-64 60-68 52-69 60-72 52-73 911 910 60-77 52-78 60-81 52-82 60-86 52-86 60-90 52-90 60-95 52-95 61-39 53-37 61-83 53-81 60-99 52-99 61-03 53-03 61-08 5307 61-12 53-11 61-17 53-16 61-21 53-20 61-26 53-24 61-30 53-29 61-34 53-33 61-43 53-42 61-48 53-46 61-52 53-50 61-56 53-55 61-61 53-59 909 61-65 53-63 61-70 53-68 61-74 53-72 61-78 53-76 61-87 53-85 62-31 54-28 61-92 53-89 61-96 62-01 53-93 53-98 62-05 54-02 908 62-09 54-06 62-14 54-11 62-18 54-15 62-22 54-19 62-27 54-24 62-36 54-32 62-40 62-44 54-37 54-41 62-49 54-45 907 54-49 62-56 54-54 62-61 54-58 62-65 54-62 62-70 54-66 62-74 54-70 62-78 54-75 62-83 62-87 54-79 54-83 6-2-91 54-87 1179 TABLE LXXYIn. Specific Gravities and Corresponding Volume Percentages of Aqueous Alcohol at 60 F., 15| C., or 12f E. (Imperial Commission's Report based on the results of MendelejefFs investigations.) The temperature taken with a mercury thermometer made of Thuringian glass. Volume Percentage. Sp Gr 60 F ' Volume Percentage. * fc . Volume Percentage. Sp Gr 60 F ' 60 JT. r 60F. 1-00000 1 0-99847 36 0-95773 71 0-88762 2 699 37 632 72 511 3 555 38 487 73 257 4 415 39 338 74 000 5 279 40 185 75 87740 6 147 41 029 76 477 7 019 42 94868 77 211 8 98895 43 704 78 86943 9 774 44 536 79 670 10 657 45 364 80 395 11 543 46 188 81 116 12 432 47 008 82 85833 13 324 48 93824 83 547 14 218 49 636 84 256 15 114 50 445 85 84961 16 Oil 51 250 86 660 17 97909 52 052 87 355 18 808 53 92850 88 044 19 708 54 646 89 83726 20 608 55 439 90 400 21 507 56 229 91 065 22 406 57 015 92 82721 23 304 58 91799 93 365 24 201 59 580 94 81997 25 097 60 358 95 616 26 96991 61 134 96 217 27 883 62 90907 97 80800 28 772 63 678 98 359 29 658 64 447 99 79891 30 541 65 214 100 391 31 421 66 89978 32 298 67 740 33 172 68 499 34 043 69 256 35 95910 70 010 1 i 1180 TABLE LXXVIi. True Percentage from Observed Percentage of Alcohol. (Imperial Commission.) Tempera- ture of Spirit. - O - GO O3 I-H c-q i-H l-H I-H i-H ' ' I-H l-H c^q T^ co co ^D (^ ^^ ^^ <^^ ^^ (^ oi o^ oi i-H r-H fMCO^COt- GOOiO--H l-H i-H I-H l-H (M CO TJH lO t- GO Oi O l-H i-H l-H l-H T-H - COOiprl I-H r-H I~H r-H r-H r-H r I (M CO ^ O CO t*- GO O I-H Cq CO -^ lO CD t GO O I-H r-H lf C*q CO T^ IO CO t>* GO Oi ^D (^ ^D Oi Oi Oi OS OS Oi GO > GO Oi i i -Cp"rHCOr i pCii^CO r-H QOOO OOOOO OOOO iH OQCO^OCO- I>OOOiO 1183 TABLE LXXVlL. Mass and Volume of Absolute Alcohol. The accepted numbers representing absolute mass and volume must in all cases undergo thorough revision. About 1895 Mendelejeff recalculated the weight of a decimetre cube of water at various temperatures and obtained the following results, which seem to have been rather hastily legalised by the British Authorities. Temperature. Weight of Water in Vacuo. C. F. Dm. 3 in Grms. In. 3 in Grains. 32 999716 252-821 4 39-2 999-847 * 252-854 15 59 998-979 252-635 16f 62 998-715 252-568 20 68 998-082 252-407 In 1900 the International Congress meeting at Paris accepted as the true mass of a decimetre cube of water at its maximum density the value found by MM. Guillaume and Chappuis, viz., 0-9999707 kgm. The two values differ by a little less than 1 in 8000, or not quite 0'0125 per cent. In 1899, Messieurs Fabry, de Lepinay and Perot had obtained the value, 0-9999786 kgm. Accepting the value sanctioned by the International Conference we get Mass of 1 cm. 3 at 4 C. = 0'9999707 gramme. Volume of 1 gramme at 4 C. = 1*0000293 cm. cubes. The accepted values had previously been Mass of 1 cm. 3 at 4 C. = 1-000013 grammes. Volume of 1 gramme at 4 C. = 0*999987 cm. cube. To calculate the new standard volumes from the old we have therefore to multiply by 1-0000423 and divide by the same number to get the new standard masses from the old ones. "Absolute Alcohol," i.e. a liquid completely composed of C 2 H 5 OH and holding practically no gases or other matter in solution, has probably never been prepared in any appreciable quantity. Fownes gives the specific gravity of absolute alcohol as 0'7938, but it is rather uncertain whether this is to be taken as 15 C./4 C. or 60 F./60 F. Drinkwater found the sp. gr. 60 F./60 F. to be 079381. The following give the specific gravity of "Absolute Alcohol" at 15 C., water at 4 C. being taken as unity. Dupre and Page, . . 0"7936 Mendelejeff, . 0'79367 (1868) 0-79363 Squibb, . . 0-7935 (1884) 0-7936 ( ) Young, . 0-79369 (1902) Winkler, 0/4 C., . . 0-80629 (1905) . Young, 0/4 . . 0-80626 (1902) Winkler's details of purification, etc., certainly commend themselves most thoroughly to one's confidence: he seems to have taken almost every conceivable precaution : his 1184 calculations barely show equal care. Recalculating from Winkler's experimental data the compiler gets the specific gravity of alcohol at 0/4 = 0'8062S6. This is very near the value found by Young, and on the whole one feels inclined to accept Winkler's results as practically final. For various reasons Squibb's results can barely be considered as ranking with those of Mendelejeff, Young, and Winkler. The temperatures at which Winkler worked were 0, 10 '07, 20'07 and 30'07 C., and using his weights, etc., obtained at those temperatures, and Guillaume and Chappuis' value for the maximum density of water, one gets : Wt. of 1 cm. 3 in grammes. Volume of 1 grm. in cm. cubes. At 0-80626248 1-24029088 10 -07 0-79773641 1-25354689 20-07 0-78928400 1-26697108 30 -07 0-78068465 1-28092694 And V,= V (1 + 0-00105819737*-0-0 7 5420024* 2 + 0'0 7 3649746^) . . (A). Mendelejeff gives four values for the sp. gr. of his alcohol 0/4 C. ; 0-806263 (1) 0-806260 (2) 0-806250 (3) 0-806243 (4) True mean 0-8062534. This corresponds to Mass of 1 cm. 3 at C. = 0'80622978 gramme. Volume of 1 grm. at C. - 1 '240341 19 cm. cubes. Mendelejeff gives the sp. gr. of his alcohol (f/l ) as follows : At =0-806243 10 -38 = 0-797553 19 -95 = 0-789485 30 -83 = 0-780247 These give V, = V (l + 0-001034620863^ + 0'0 5 14307957^ 2 + 0'0 8 2059062^) . (B). Winkler gives the following formula Sp. gr. */4 C. = 0-80629 - 0'0 3 838 - 0'0 6 4* 2 and this gives V, = V (1 + 0-0010393283 + 0-0 3 108072 2 + 0-0 8 2253906?! 3 ) . . (C). Taking others of Mendelejeffs determinations we get V, = V (1 + 0-0010333245* + 0'0 5 1510972* 2 + 0'0 9 99486z! 3 ) . . (D). The four equations (A) to (D) are supposed to be appreciable from C. to 30 C. One series of Mendelejeff's experiments only extend as far as 20 '01 C., and they give V, = V (1 + 0-001028418596^ + 0-0,244401685^- 0'0 7 337497963f) (E) ; to 20 C. Squibb's determinations are only sufficient to calculate two constants, and those only applicable between and 25 C. ; thus V,= V t ,(l + 0-00106883* + 0'0 6 139569* 2 ). If we accept Mendelejeff's own value for the density of water at 4 we get, Mass of 1 cm. 3 of Absolute Alcohol at C. = 0'80602442 grm. Volume of 1 gramme = 1-24065719 In, the preceding, and many of the following calculated values, seven or eight places nials are given ; this has been done simply to avoid introducing errors due to computation alone, but the correctness of any results cannot be relied on beyond '000001 at the very best; probably five decimals are the utmost that should be depended upon. 1185 Finally, the compiler thinks that Winkler's value, say 0-80626 grm., may be safely accepted as the mass of 1 cm. 3 of absolute alcohol at C. ; Mendelejeff's alcohol had a sp. gr. suspiciously low, and it got lower by keeping apparently. Klason and Norlin have recently obtained results agreeing very closely with Winkler's. TABLE LXXVIw. Mass and Volume of Absolute Alcohol between and 30 C., calculated from Winkler's Experiments. f C. Vol. at t\ Vol. atO = l. Vol. of 1 grm. in cm. Cubes. Mass of 1 cm. :! in Grms. tG. Vol. at t. Vol. at = 1. Vol. of 1 grm. in cm. Cubes. Mass of 1 cm. 3 in Grms. 1- 1-24029088 0-80626248 16 1-01706678 1-26145865 0-79273276 1 1-00105818 1-24160333 80541051 17 1-01815300 1-26280589 79188707 2 1-00211669 1-24291592 80456013 18 1-01924284 1-26415761 79104040 3 1-00317509 1-24422892 80371120 19 1-02033652 1-26551408 79019260 4 1-00423426 24554259 80286355 20 1-02143425 1-26687558 78934349 5 1-00529419 24685722 80201701 21 1-02253625 1-26824238 78849293 6 1-00635512 24817308 80117143 22 02364273 1-26961475 78764075 7 1-00741724 24949042 80032664 23 02475393 1-27099296 78678679 8 1-00848080 25080954 79948248 24 02587006 1-27237728 78593089 9 1-00954599 25213069 79863880 25 02699133 1-27376799 78507289 10 1-01061305 25345415 79779543 26 02811797 1-27516535 78421262 11 1-01168219 25478020 79695222 27 02925020 1-27656963 78334993 12 1-01275363 25610909 79610899 28 1-03038823 1-27798112 78248465 13 1-01382759 25744112 79526559 29 1-03153228 1-27940008 78161663 14 1-01490429 25877654 79442186 30 1-03268257 1-28082678 78074570 15 1-01598394 1-26011562 79357764 TABLE LXXVlN. Mass and Volume of Absolute Alcohol between and 30 C., calculated from Mendelejeff's Experiments. Vol. at t. Vol. of 1 grm. Mass of 1 cm. 3 t P Vol. at t. Vol. of 1 grm. Mass of 1 cm. :! t C. Vol. atO = l. in cm. Cubes. in Grms. t \j. Vol. atO = l. in cm. Cubes. in Grms. 1- 1-24034119 0-80622978 16 1-01692865 1-26133849 0-79280858 1 1-00103605 1-24162625 80539535 17 1-01801217 26268243 79196476 2 1-00207498 1-24291487 80456035 18 1-01909876 26403017 79112035 3 1-003J1679 1-24420708 80372475 19 02018844 26538174 79027535 4 1-00416151 1-24550288 80288857 20 02128121 26673715 78942976 5 1-00520913 1-24680229 80205180 21 02237709 26809641 78858358 6 1-00625968 1-24810533 80121445 22 02347609 26945955 78773681 7 1-00731316 1-24941200 80<)37651 23 02457822 27082657 78688945 8 1-00836959 1-25072234 79953798 24 1-02568350 27219750 78604150 9 1-00942898 1-25203635 79869886 25 1-02679194 27357234 78519295 10 1-01049135 1-25335404 79785916 26 1-02790355 1-27495111 78434382 11 1-01155670 1-25467544 79701887 27 1-02901834 1-27633383 78349410 12 1-01262504 1-25600055 79617799 28 1-03013633 1-27772052 78264379 13 1-01369640 1-25732940 79533652 29 1-03125752 1-27911118 78179288 14 1-01477078 1-25866199 79449446 30 1-03238194 1-28050584 78094138 15 1-01584819 1-25999835 79365182 1186 TABLE LXXVIo. Litres corresponding to Kilogrammes of Absolute Alcohol at C. Litres at C. accord- _; Litres according to "S ing to Mendelejeff. o 3 Mendelejeff. I- 5 5 **i sf o ^ oc. 4C. 15 C. 25 C. Mass of 1 cm. 3 Vol. of 1 grm. Mass of 1 cm. 3 Vol. of 1 grm. Mass of 1 cm. 3 Vol. of Igrm. Mass of 1 cm. 3 Vol. of 1 grm. 100 0-805978 1-240726 0-802546 1-246034 0-793237 1-260657 0-784937 1-273988 99 809192 1-235801 805766 1-241054 796427 1-255608 788037 1-268976 98 812094 1-231385 808726 1-236512 799407 1-250928 790867 1-264434 96 818095 1-222351 814646 1-227527 805306 1-241763 796997 1-2547JO 92 829349 1-205765 825906 1-210792 816556 1-224656! 808206 1-237308 88 839799 1-190762! 836465 1-195506 827256 1-208816 818836 1-221246 84 850213 1-176175 846785 1-180937 837445 1-194108 829066 1-206177 80 860236 1-162471 856805 1-167127 847475 1-179976 839125 1-191717 76 869998 1-149427 866526 1-154035 857165 1-166637 848895 1-178002 72 879531 1-137196 875974 1-141586 866755 1-153729 858475 1-164856 68 888275 1-125777 885134 1-129772 876284 1-141182 867985 1-152094 64 897905 1-113703 894764 1-117613 885984 1-128688 877834 1-139167 60 907148 1-102355 903984 1-106215 895214 1-117051 887164 1-127187 56 916033 1-091664 912943 1-095358 904244 1-105897! 896374 M15606 52 924845 1-081262 921743 1-084901 913213 1-095034 905463 1*104407 48 933465 1-071276 930423 1-074780 922033 1-084560 914383 1-093633 44 941705 1-061904 938722 1-065277 930533 1-074653 923103 1'083303 40 949364 1-053336 946522 1-056499 938722 1-065278 931653 1-073361 TABLE LXXVlT. Specific Gravities, etc., of Mixtures of Alcohol and Ether. Percentage by Percentage by Weight of Alcohol of 0-809 Specific Gravity. Weight of Alcohol of 0-809 Specific Gravity. Specific Gravity. Specific Gravity. 0-729 60 0-779 10 737 70 786 20 747 80 798 30 756 90 801 40 765 100 809 50 772 VOL. II. 4G 1190 TABLE LXXVIu. Specific Gravities, etc., of Aqueous Solutions of Methyl Alcohol at l.T-5. (Ure.) Percentage of Methyl Alcohol by Weight. Specific Gravity. Percentage of Methyl Alcohol by Weight. Specific Gravity. Percentage of Methyl Alcohol by Weight. Specific Gravity. Percentage of Methyl Alcohol by Weight. Specific Gravity. 100-00 0-8136 82-00 0-8674 69-44 0-9008 53-70 0-9344 98-00 8216 80-64 8712 68-50 9032 51-84 9386 96-11 8256 79-36 8742 67-56 9060 50-00 9414 94-34 8320 78-13 8784 66-66 9070 47-62 . -9448 92-22 8384 77-00 8820 65-00 9116 46-00 9484 90-90 8418 75-76 8842 63-30 9154 43-48 9518 89-30 8470 74-63 8876 61-73 9184 41-66 9540 87-72 8514 73-53 8918 60-24 9218 40-00 9564 86-20 8564 72-46 8930 58-82 9248 38-46 9584 84-75 8596 71-43 8950 57-73 9266 37-11 9600 83-33 8642 70-42 8984 56-18 9296 35-71 9620 TABLE LXXVIv. Specific Gravities, etc., of Aqueous Solutions of Wood Spirit at 9 C. (H. Deville.) Percentage of Methyl Alcohol. Specific Gravity. Percentage of Methyl Alcohol. Specific Gravity. 5 0-9857 60 0-9072 10 9751 70 8873 20 9709 80 8619 30 9576 90 8371 40 9429 100 8070 50 9232 1191 TABLE LXXVIw. Specific Gravity and Strength of Aqueous Solutions of Methyl Alcohol. (Dittmar and Fawsitt.) |M || Sp. Gr. 0C. 4C. Sp. Gr. 60 F. ill Sp. Gr. 0C. 4x. 100 0-80257 0-79326 0-78496 1 + 0-00106883* + 0-0 6 139569* 2 99 80579 79645 78806 1+0-00106058* + 0-0 6 527923* 2 98 80875 79943 79809 1+0-00103468* + 0'0,1556400* 2 96 81467 80533 79702 1+0-00105849* + 0-0 r 16292* 2 92 82593 81658 80823 1+0-00104163* + 0-0 6 190598* 2 88 83649 82728 81886 1+0-00099106* + 0-0 5 1319377* 2 84 84681 83747 82909 1 + 0-00101057* + 0.0 6 3S9790* 2 80 85683 84750 83915 1+0-00100020* + 0-0 6 246165* 2 76 86655 85719 84892 1 + 0-00100363* + 0-0 C 370989* 2 72 87600 86678 85850 1 + 0-000963455* + 0'0 6 423365* 2 68 88516 87631 86801 1 + 0-000877997* + 0'0 5 228258* 2 64 89479 88601 87786 1 + 0-000870771* + 0-0 5 175235* 2 60 90401 89524 88719 1 + 0-000870343* + 0'0 5 122725* 2 56 91297 90427 89640 1 + 0-000840097* + 0'0 5 148712* 2 52 92177 91324 90549 1 + 0-000838583* + 0'0 6 705475* 2 48 93045 92206 91441 1 + 0-000814454* + 0'0 6 813120* 2 44 93875 93056 92313 1 + 0-000792028* + 0.0 6 5621 93* 2 40 94655 93875 93168 1 + 0-000748691*+ 0'0 6 470181* 2 TABLE LXXVlY (1). Specific Gravity, etc., of Solutions of w-Propyl Alcohol. (Young and Fortey's Determinations.) Percent, by Weight. Sp. Gr. 074 C. Mass of 1 cm. 3 at C. Volume of 1 grm. at C. 94-95 0-83203 0-832006 1-20191496 89-97 84307 843045 1-18617588 84-87 85362 853595 1-17151578 79-96 86360 863575 1-15797742 74-93 87365 873624 1-14465667 71-96 88004 880142 1-J 3634528 1193 TABLE LXXVlY (2). Specific Gravity, etc., of Solution of Tertiary Butyl Alcohol. (Young and Fortey's Determinations.) Percent. by Weight. Sp. Gr. 20/4. 2 Mass of 1cm. 3 0C. Vol. of 1 grm. Sp. Gr. 25/4. 21 Mass of 1 cm. 3 >C. Vol. of 1 grm. 100 0-78553 0-785507 1-27306315 0-78056 0-780537 1-28116903 97-36 79128 791257 1-26381218 78653 786507 1-27144457 94-24 79878 798757 1-25194584 79415 794127 1-25924485 90-58 80718 807156 1-23891734 80268 802656 1-24586299 86-00 81820 818176 1-22223087 81364 813616 1-22908080 80-42 83146 831436 1-20273892 82703 827006 1-20918141 73-25 84832 848295 1-17883499 84405 844025 1-18479865 TABLE LXXVlY (3). Specfic Gravity, etc., of Solutions of Isobutyl Alcohol. (Young and Fortey's Determinations.) Percent, by Weight. Sp. Gr. 0/4 C. Mass of 1 cm. 3 at C. Vol. of 1 grm. at C. 97-72 0-82251 0-822486 1-21582631 95-09 82823 828206 1-20742946 91-79 83492 834896 1-19775464 88-53 84125 841225 1-18874211 86-76 84470 844675 1-18388694 84-81 84829 848265 1-17887668 1194 TABLE LXXV HA. Specific Gravities, etc., of Glycerol Solutions. Percentage of Water. Sp. Gr. accord- ing to Champion and Pellet. Degrees Baume according to Berthelot. Percentage of Water. Sp. Gr. accord- ing to Champion and Pellet. Degrees Baume according to Berthelot. 1-2640 31-2 11-0 1-2350 28-6 0-5 1-2625 31-0 11-5 1-2335 28-4 1-0 2612 30-9 12-0 1-2322 28-3 1-5 2600 30-8 12-5 1-2307 28-2 2-0 2585 30-7 13-0 1-2295 28-0 2-5 2575 30-6 13-5 1-2280 27-8 3-0 2560 30-4 14-0 1-2270 27-7 3-5 2545 30-3 14-5 1-2255 27-6 4-0 2532 30-2 15-0 1-2242 27-4 4-5 2520 30-1 15-5 1-2230 27-3 5-0 2505 30-0 16-0 1-2217 27-2 5-5 1-2490 29-9 16-5 1-2202 27-0 6-0 1-2480 29-8 17-0 1-2190 26-9 6-5 1-2465 297 17-5 1-2177 26-8 7-0 1-2455 29-6 18-0 1-2165 26-7 7-5 1-2440 29-5 18-5 1-2150 26-5 8-0 1-2427 29-3 19-0 1-2137 26-4 8-5 1-2412 29-2 19-5 1-2125 26-3 9-0 1-2400 29-0 20-0 1-2112 26-2 9-5 1-2390 28-9 20-5 1-2100 26-0 10-0 1-2375 28-8 21-0 1 -2085 25-9 10-5 1-2362 28-7 TABLE LXXVIlB. Specific Gravities, etc., of Glycerol Solutions. Percentage of "UT 4- Sp. Gr. , it 15 C. Sp. Gr. a t !7-5 C. Water. Fuchs. Schweickert. Fabian. Matz. 266 1-267 1-261 5 250 1-250 10 233 1-234 1-232 1-232 15 217 1-218 20 202 1-203 1-201 1-206 25 187 1-188 30 169 1-173 1-179 1-179 35 155 1-159 40 144 1-145 1-159 1-153 45 130 1-131 50 1-117 1-118 1-127 1-125 60 1-105 1-099 70 1-075 1-073 80 1-051 1-048 90 1-024 1-024 1195 TABLE LXXVIIc. Specific Gravities, etc., of Aqueous Solutions of Glycerol. Percent. _f Percent. f Weight of Glycerol for 20 S P Gr Sp.G,lf: Sp. Gr. Sp. Gr. 17-5 SpGrlT OI Glycerol. OI Water. each 100 parts water. (Nicol.) (Gerlach.) (Gerlach.) 12 (Lenz.) 17'5 ' Stroh mer.) (Skalweit.) 100 00 1-2635 1-2620 1-2653 1-2691 1-262 1-2650 99 1 9900 2609 2594 2628 2664 259 2625 98 2 4900 2583 2568 2602 2637 257 2600 97 3 3233-3 2557 2542 2577 2610 254 2575 96 4 2400 2531 2516 2552 2584 252 2550 95 5 1900 2505 2490 2526 2557 249 2525 94 6 1566-6 2479 2464 2501 2531 246 2499 93 7 1328-571 2453 2438 2476 2504 244 2473 92 8 1150 2426 2412 2451 2478 241 2447 91 9 1011-1 2399 2386 2425 2451 239 2421 90 10 900 2372 2360 2400 2425 236 2395 89 11 809-60 2345 2333 2373 2398 233 2368 88 12 733-3 2318 2306 2346 2372 231 2341 87 13 669-231 2291 2279 2319 2345 228 2314 86 14 614-286 2264 2252 2292 2318 226 2287 85 15 566-6 2236 2225 2265 2292 223 2260 84 16 525 2209 2198 2238 2265 220 2233 83 17 488-235 2182 2171 2211 2238 218 2206 82 18 455-5 2155 2144 2184 2212 215 2179 81 19 426-316 2128 2117 2157 2185 213 2152 80 20 400 2101 2090 2130 2159 210 2125 79 21 376-190 2074 2063 2102 2122 207 2098 78 22 354-54 2047 2036 2074 2106 204 2071 77 23 334-782 2020 2009 2046 2079 202 2044 76 24 316-6 1992 1982 2018 2042 199 2017 75 25 300 1965 1955 1990 2016 196 1990 74 26 284-615 1938 1928 1962 1999 193 1963 73 27 270-370 1911 1901 1934 1973 190 1936 72 28 257-143 1884 1874 1906 1945 188 1909 71 29 244-828 1856 1847 1878 1918 185 1882 70 30 233-3 1829 1820 1850 1889 182 1855 69 31 222-580 1802 1793 1822 1858 179 1827 68 32 212-5 1775 1766 1794 1826 176 1799 67 33 203-03 1747 1739 1766 1795 173 1771 66 34 194-118 1720 1712 1738 1764 170 1743 65 35 185-714 1693 1685 1710 1733 167 1715 64 36 167-? 1665 1658 1682 1702 163 1686 1196 TABLE LXXVIIc. continued. Percent, of Glycerol. Percent, of Water. Weight of Glvcerol for each 100 parts water s,o,|! (Nicol.) *<*% (Gerlach. ) Sp.Gr.^ (Gerlach.) Sp. Gr. 12-14 S P . Gr. 17'5 17-5 (Strohmer.) s P .G,ii; (Skalweit. 12 (Lenz.) 63 37 170-276 1-1638 1-1631 1-1654 1-1671 1-160 1-1657 62 38 163-158 1611 1604 1626 1640 157 1628 61 39 156-410 1583 1577 1598 1610 154 1599 60 40 150 1556 1550 1570 1582 151 1570 59 41 143-902 1529 1523 1542 1556 149 1542 58 42 138-095 1502 1496 1514 1530 146 1514 57 43 132-558 1474 1469 1486 1505 144 1486 56 44 127-27 1447 1442 1458 i 1480 142 1458 55 45 122-2 1420 1415 1430 1455 140 1430 54 46 117-391 1392 1388 1402 1430 137 1402 53 47 112-766 1365 1361 1374 1403 135 1374 52 48 108-3 1338 1334 1346 1375 133 1346 51 49 104-082 1310 1307 1318 1348 130 1318 50 50 100 1283 1280 1290 1320 128 1290 49 51 96-078 1256 1253 1263 1293 1263 48 52 92-308 1228 1226 1236 1265 1236 47 53 88-679 1201 1199 1209 1238 1209 46 54 85-185 1174 1172 1182 1210 1182 45 55 81-S1 1147 1145 1155 1183 1155 44 56 78-571 1120 1118 1128 1155 1128 43 57 75-439 1093 1091 1101 1127 1101 42 58 72-414 1066 1064 1074 1100 1074 41 59 69-492 1039 1037 1047 1072 1047 40 60 66-6 1012 1010 1020 1045 1020 39 61 63-934 1017 0993 38 62 61-290 0989 0966 37 63 58-730 0962 0939 36 64 56-25 0934 0912 35 65 53-846 0879 0875 0885 0907 0885 34 66 51-51 0880 0858 33 67 49-254 0852 0831 32 68 47-059 0825 0804 31 69 44-928 0798 0777 30 70 42-857 0747 0740 0750 0771 0750 29 n 40-845 0744 0724 28 72 38-8 0716 0698 27 73 36-986 0689 0672 1197 TABLE LXXVIIc. continued. Percent, of Glycerol. Percent, of Water. Weight of Glycerol for each 100 parts water. SP.G,|: (Nicol.) s, G ,|i: (Gerlach.) S P .G,: (Gerlach.) Sp. Gr. 12-14 Sp. Gr. 17'5 SP .G,j|: (Skalweit.) 12 (Leo*.) 17'5 (Strohmer.) 26 74 35-135 1-0663 1-0646 25 75 33-3 1-0617 1-0610 1-0620 0635 0620 24 76 31-579 0608 0594 23 77 29-887 0580 0568 22 78 28-205 0553 0542 21 79 26-582 0525 0516 20 80 25 0488 0480 0490 0498 0490 19 81 23-457 0471 0465 18 82 21-951 0446 0440 17 83 20-482 0422 0415 16 84 19-046 0398 0390 15 85 17-647 0362 0357 0367 0374 0365 14 86 16-279 0349 0340 13 87 14-943 0322 0315 12 88 13-63 0297 0290 11 89 12-360 0271 0265 10 90 11-1 0239 0235 0245 0245 0240 9 91 9-882 0221 0216 8 92 8-696 0196 0192 7 93 7-527 0172 0168 6 94 6-383 0147 0144 5 95 5-263 0118 0117 0122 0123 0120 4 96 4-16 0098 0096 3 97 3-093 0074 0072 2 98 2-041 0049 0048 1 99 H6 0025 0024 1198 TABLE LXXVIlD. Refractive Powers of Aqueous Solutions of Glycerol. ot Glycerol. ve Index for 12-5-12-8 (Lenz.) ice between Pure Water for Glycerol n. (Lenz.) :tive Index line 17'5 ^Strohmer.) ice between Pure Water i for Glycerol . (Strohmer.) ^F^ of Glycerol. ve Index for 12-5-12-8 (Lenz.) ice between Pure Water ) for Glycerol n. (Lenz.) ;tive Index line 17-5 (Strohmer.) ice between Piu-e Water ifor Glycerol . (Strohmer.) II 1 P| 1111 i5g l|fl |2 e 1 PI Jiff gP _ Ipl 1 1 S s'5 co * 5 *ll H 1 tf P s^|^ s 5 ^ll i 100 1-4758 0-1424 1-4727 0-1396 1-4742 49 1 -3993 0-0659 1-3981 99 4744 1410 4710 1379 4728 48 3979 0645 3966 98 4729 1395 4698 1367 4712 47 3964 0630 3952 97 4715 1381 4681 1350 4698 46 3950 0616 3938 96 4700 1366 4670 1339 4684 45 3935 0601 3924 95 4686 1352 4653 1322 4670 44 3921 0587 3910 94 4671 1337 4636 1305 4655 43 3906 0572 3896 93 4657 1323 4625 1294 4640 42 3890 0556 3882 92 4642 1308 4608 1277 4625 41 3875 0541 3868 91 4628 1294 4596 1265 4610 40 3860 0526 3854 90 4613 1279 4579 1247 4595 39 3844 0510 2840 89 4598 1264 4563 1232 4580 38 3829 0495 3827 88 4584 1250 4.551 1220 4565 37 3813 0479 3813 87 4569 1235 4534 1203 4550 36 3798 0464 3799 86 4555 1221 4523 1192 4535 35 3785 0451 3785 85 4540 1206 4506 1175 4520 34 3772 0438 3771 84 4525 1191 4489 1158 4505 33 3758 0424 3757 83 4511 1177 4478 1147 4490 32 3745 0411 3743 82 4496 1162 4461 1130 4475 31 3732 0398 3729 81 4482 1148 4449 1118 4460 30 3719 0385 3715 80 4467 1133 4432 1101 4444 29 3706 0372 3701 79 4453 1119 4415 1084 4429 28 3692 0358 3687 78 4438 1104 4398 1067 4414 27 3679 0345 3674 77 4424 1090 4387 1056 4399 26 3666 0332 3660 76 4409 1075 4370 1039 4384 25 3662 0318 3647 75 4395 1061 4353 1022 4369 24 3639 0305 3633 74 4380 1046 4336 1005 4354 23 3626 0292 3620 73 4366 1032 4319 0988 4339 22 3612 0278 3607 72 4352 1018 4308 0977 4324 21 3599 0265 3594 71 4337 1003 4291 0960 4309 20 3585 0251 3581 70 4321 0987 4274 0943 4295 19 3572 0238 3568 69 4304 0970 4257 0926 4280 18 3559 0225 3555 68 4286 0952 4240 0909 4265 17 3546 0212 3542 67 4267 0933 4223 0892 4250 16 3533 0199 3529 66 4249 0915 4206 0875 4235 15 3520 0186 3516 65 4231 0897 4189 0858 4220 14 3507 0173 3503 64 4213 0879 4167 0836 4205 13 3494 0160 3490 63 4195 0861 4150 0819 4190 12 3480 0146 3477 62 4176 0842 4133 0802 4175 11 3467 0133 3464 61 4158 0824 4116 0785 4160 10 3454 0120 3452 60 4140 0806 4099 0768 4144 9 3442 0108 3439 59 4126 0792 4087 0756 4129 8 3430 0096 3426 58 4114 0780 4070 0739 4114 7 3417 0083 3414 57 4102 0768 4059 0728 4099 6 3405 0071 3402 56 4091 0757 4048 0717 4084 5 3392 0058 3390 55 4079 0745 4036 0705 4069 4 3380 0046 3378 54 4065 0731 4019 0688 4054 3 3367 0033 3366 53 4051 0717 4008 0677 4039 2 3355 0021 3354 52 4036 0702 3997 0666 4024 1 3342 0008 3342 51 4022 0688 3980 0649 4010 0000 3330 50 4007 0673 3969 0638 3996 1199 TABLE LXXVIIlA. Specific Gravities of Solutions of Cane Sugar. Percentages of Sugar. Specific Gravity according to 02 !~ +_ Specific Gravity according to .s ^ pS*" 1 |? Sui 45 o f-i IT 0^ g~ K Scheibler, 15. ** 2^ jg 'o 10 Ih o I Jl 1" i-oooo 1-00000 1-00000 1-0000 1-00000 38 1-1692 1-16920 1-16912 1-1681 1-16960 1 0040 00388 00388 0035 00390 39 1743 17430 17422 1731 17470 2 0080 00779 00779 0070 00783 40 1794 17943 17936 1781 17985 3 0120 01173 01173 0106 01178 41 1846 18460 18453 1832 18503 4 0160 01570 01569 0143 01576 42 1898 18981 18974 1883 19024 5 0200 01970 01969 0179 01978 43 1951 19505 19499 1935 19550 6 0240 02373 02371 0215 02382 44 2004 20033 20027 1989 20079 7 0281 02779 02777 0254 02789 45 2057 20565 20559 2043 20611 8 0322 03187 03185 0291 03199 46 2111 21100 21095 2098 21147 9 0363 03599 03596 0328 03611 47 2165 21639 21634 2153 21687 10 0404 04014 04010 0367 04027 48 2219 22182 22177 2209 22232 11 0446 04431 04428 0410 04446 49 2274 22728 22724 2265 22779 12 0488 04852 04848 0456 04868 50 2329 23278 23275 2322 23330 13 0530 05276 05272 0504 05293 51 2385 23832 23829 2378 23885 14 0572 05703 05698 0552 05721 52 2441 24390 24388 2434 24444 15 0614 06133 06128 0600 06152 53 2479 24951 24950 2490 25007 16 0657 06566 06561 0647 06586 54 2553 25517 25516 2546 25574 17 0700 07002 i 06997 0693 07023 55 2610 26086 26086 2602 26144 18 0744 07441 07436 0738 07464 56 2667 26658 26660 2658 26718 19 0788 07884 07878 0784 07907 57 2725 27235 27238 2714 27297 20 0832 08329 08323 0832 08354 58 2783 27816 27820 2770 27879 21 0877 08778 08772 0877 08804 59 2841 28400 28405 2826 28465 22 0922 09231 09224 0922 09257 60 2900 28989 28995 2882 29056 23 0967 09686 09679 0967 09713 61 2959 29581 29589 2938 29650 24 1013 10145 10138 1010 10173 62 3019 30177 30187 2994 30248 25 1059 10607 10600 1056 10635 63 3079 30777 30789 3050 30850 26 1106 11072 11065 1103 11101 64 3139 31381 31395 3105 31457 27 1153 11541 11533 1150 11571 65 3190 31989 32005 3160 32067 28 1200 12013 12005 1197 12044 66 3260 32601 32619 3215 32682 29 1247 12488 12480 1245 12520 67 3321 33217 33237 3270 33301 30 1295 12967 12959 1293 12999 68 3383 33836 33859 3324 33923 31 1343 13449 13441 1340 13482 69 3445 34460 34486 3377 34550 32 1391 13934 13926 1388 1396!) 70 3507 35088 35117 3430 35182 33 1440 14423 14415 1436 14458 71 3570 35720 35752 3483 35817 34 1490 14915 14907 1484 14952 72 3633 36355 36391 3535 36457 35 1540 15411 15403 1533 15448 73 3696 36995 37035 3587 37101 36 1590 15911 15903 1582 15949 74 3760 37639 37682 3658 37749 37 1641 16413 16406 1631 16452 75 38288 38334 38401 1200 till v a > p t* 9 it ~^ ifit ^l^ i -3 CQ 1 X I- 10 lO 1>- O5 CM -^ CO OO O CM IO CO CO CM r i I-H O OO O5 OO t* O CO CO O CO CO O5 i-H 00 lO CO ^T** l^^ "^ CM O5 CO **^ CM CO OO CO '^ "-H O5 C-* lO ^^ 01 f^ O5 1^ IO CO CM OO ^ O CO I-H l>- CO OO "^f O CO CM l>- CO O5 lO O CO CM 00 ^ O O I-H t^- CO IO IO "^ CO CO CM i-H i-H O O5 CM O OO -H -^H OO i-H O5 co co co oo co **4^ CM co GO co ~^ CM 05 oo co ' "^ co I-H 05 GO CM CM CM CO CO CO CO "^^ "^* "^ ^* lO *O IO IO CO CO CO CO l^ t^ CO lO lO ^d^ CO CO CM i H CO !> CO CO CO O5 CO CM CO OO CO "^ CM CO OO CO TH CM CO O5 i> IO CO CM ^ w - w. . >_, >-^ -, ^w .^ w IO r I CO CM CXD ^f p IO r I b- CO O5 ^ p CO CM Op co 10 cb I-H co cb ob lO IO iO CO CO CO CO IO 00 I-H IO 00 i i -rH - lO i * CO CM OO "^ O5 lO I-H CO CM OO "^ CO IO I-H l>- CO O5 "^^ CO CO CM OO CO O5 IO i^ TJH CO O5 CM "^^ X > * O5 CM IO 1> CO CM IO J>- CO CO IO OO CO CO IO OO i i rt i i i CM CM CMCMCOCOCO^H^-rp^lO lOlOlOCOCOCOCO o o JS COGOOCOlOt^O5r ICOCO i-H i lOO5O50Ot^t COlO t>.OCOCOOCOCO OO IO CO O l>- -r^ I-H O5 CO CO i i O5 .t ^OlOOOCO^CM OO5t^-lO'^ | CMO (MOp-r^plpi-Ht^CMCjO-H^ plp^HtCpO5^pCpCM CX)CpO5lOrlt^Cp rt I-H r i i i CM CM CMCMCOCO CO CO 4t* -rhi-^HlO lOlOlOCOCOCO CO OOOCM^*COO5 TtiCOCMCMr IOOO50000 OOCMiOOOr-i^lOO t-H CO CO OO 1-HCOCOO5T i-rJH COO5r-H-^H i>- O5 CM -^ t~^ O5 CM IO t^- O CM IO CO ' CM CM CM CM. COCOCOCO^^^^ lOlOlOCOCOCOCO O CO IO OO I-H CO CO 00 I-H CO CO O5 I-H -^i CO O^ I-H -^ t O5 CM -^ t O CM O i-H rH r-H i-H CM CM CMCMCOCOCOCO^'^^'^r' IO IO IO CO CO CO CO !-HGOlOCOOi^'HHCMO5CO COi lO5t^lOCOr-HO5t^lO COi-HO500CO^CO OCOIOOOOCOIOOO'-HCO COOOr ICO CO O5 i-H 4jH CO O5 CM TH t O5 CM "^ t f-Hi-Hr-Hi-HCMCM CMCMCOCOCOCO'^hl^"*^'^ IOIOIOIOCOCO CO lOCMOi^^i IO5COCOO OOOCOi-HO5l^lOCOr IO5 J^lO-^CMOCOtT- IO GO I-H CO CO OO I-H 4^ CO O5 r( 4^ CO O5 CM "^f !> CMCMCOCOCOCO'^'^ti'^^ lOlOiOlO CO CO CO I O5 OO CO ^ CO r-H IO p CO CM Op ^ p ocMiot-ocMioooocb ibooocbcboor^Hcocboo ^4^005^4^^ """"Hi-Hi-HCMCM CMCMCOCOCOCOT)H^-^ti^ lOlOiOlO CO CO CO O i iCMCO^fiOCOl- OOO5 O I-H OT CO -^f IO CO t CO O5 O I-H CM CO ^ IO CO ^ ^-lr-Hr-(r-(r-lr-ll Ir-lr-lr-l CMCMCMCMCMCMCM E.g p o CO { 1201 CO OS i I QO 00 GO os lO O lO to -CDiO-*CO. cpasipp i ^>c^oo"^ipcp (MOO^OCDCMOO^OCD i i ^ CD os os c-i "^i i>. o CM ibt^ocbioooocbcboD rHcocbos^-i^Hcbc:^! t t>- l>- b-COOOCOGOCSOiOSOO O O I-H if i r i (M (M CM p i-Ht^cposiOr ICDOICJO^IH pcpc-Too^pcpc^it^cp qsipr it-coqsip- 'b-^5 T^-icocb os T i "<*i co os (M 4jH t^- os fM lot^oc^ioaoocoiooo t^t^t^ t^OOOOOOOOOiOSOiOsO O O '-i i i r-t C-l -cpgsip'7-'i>-cpgsip'7-i cocc cb'i'^coci'^-'^t^-os^T 4^b-osciiot^O(MiOGO ocbioooi icococio' '-^ 1^ I l^GOGOOOGOOSOSOSOSO OOOi Ir-li 'C^MC^C^ COCOCOCO"^^^H^iOlO 05G-TCO Cq^-i^OOOiOSOSCOCO OOOd^COOOOr- ICO1O GOt^iO -^COC^i lOGOt^CDiO^ COCOC^r-iOOSOSGOt^CD GOi ICOCDO3' '^CDOii-H ^t^Oscq^t^OfMiOb- OcOiOGOOCOCOGO^CO t-COCOOOOOOSOsasOSO OOOr-li-lf-lC^eqOJC^ COCOCOCO^ti^^'^lOlO CO(M(M^H- IT (OOOSOS OS^HCOiO CO i OS OOl^COiO^COCMi (OSOO l^t^CDlO^CO^.COO5iOOCO (MCO"*OCO- CO OS lO < 'I^OO OCOlO OOOCOCDOO' iCOtDOi"! -^CDOlC^^t^OSC<|lOl^ O* CO CO -O5' "COlOb- t^lOCO CM^OOSGOb-CDiO^CO d^HOOSOOt t^COlOCO ^COCOCOCOCOCO T^P C P ( : < ' G PT* H pcpc^b-cnosipTyHi^-^ osiOr (r^cposip^Ht^cp o cq b ooocoibab^-icocbGbAi 4ficbasFl-i4Hcboscq-*t^ t^t^t^ t^QOOOOOOOOSOSOSOiO OOO- ''-' ' i-^ OOSOO OO CMGsi' t-COilr-ll-COS CO t-ocoiooocioi t-OOOOOOOOOSOSOSOsO CO OS (M COCD1O1O^^COCO(7T.o-Ocoiooo cocDooi ICOCDOS^-I^CD t^t^ t^ooaoooaoososososo O O o i < ' - < ^ CM ci ^ OO^H^ t^t^cDCDlOlO^^COCO (M^CDOOOfM^iOt^OS ^HOSOOCO-rHCM OSOOCO ^COCMi-HOOSOOt^CDiO ^COCMr-ii lOOSOOt^CO t^t^OOGOOOOSOSOSOsO OOOi ii ! i ' > fcC o ~ 03*^4 p 3 > jjfj * .s fill .I*!* 1 c A GO CM lr^ r-H CO r-H lO CO *^ O^ GO t^* t>- CO CO lO "^* "^ CO CO GOOiCiOOr- Ir-HCMCMCM CO-^lOCOt^GOCiOi i CM lOCOCOCOCOl^l^f^t^-GO OOGOGOaiO^OiOiOOO ,_,_,, ,,_. !,,.-<. li-Tr-H I r-H I *r-H i I 1-1 CM -Qoaipr i i icMco-^io ^H ^Hr-ir- li li I r-l T I CM CM CM 'r-lr r-Hr^r^r-lr-lr-l r-l,-),-,,,^,-,,,,!^^ r I -" I r ' < I i I i ^r i-H T I i I r I r I r I i I r I i-H CM CM GOC^Or ICMCO-rhllOCO t>- GO bl>-OCMlbGOOCO>CGb r^COcbo}i^-(4^COaiCM4ti|>. i^OCOcOCOCOt^l^l>.l>> CX>GOGOGOaiO5OiO5OOO '' 'i 'i "I IT < r li li < r Ir- IT IT li IT ir Ir ICMCMCM tJO * 2 5 - & Syrup D = 1-400. Crystal- lised Sugar. Total Sugar. Percent- age of Sugar. -e 15 H Syrup D = l-400. Crystal- lised Sugar. Total Sugar. Percent- age of Sugar. 1405 1334-75 70-25 1090-378 77-606 1505 677-25 827-75 1345-335 89-390 1410 1304-325 105-675 1102-562 78-197 1510 641-825 868-175 1357-571 89-885 1415 127350 141-50 1114-812 78-783 1515 606 909 1372-155 90-572 1420 1242-415 177-585 1127-155 79-376 1520 569-915 950-085 1385-651 91-162 1425 1211-25 213-75 1139-480 79-964 1525 533-75 991-25 1399-232 91-753 1430 1179-825 250-175 1151-885 80-549 1530 497-325 1032-675 1412-756 92-337 1435 1148 287 1164-390 81-142 1535 460-50 1074-50 1426-454 92-927 1440 1115-915 324-085 1176-955 81-735 1540 423-415 1116-585 1440-182 93-519 1445 1083-75 361-25 1189-540 82-320 1545 386-25 1153-75 1453-917 94-103 1450 1051-325 398-675 1202-177 82-907 1550 348-825 1201-175 1467-959 94-696 1455 1018-50 436-50 1214-975 83-504 1555 311 1244 1481-692 95-286 14.60 985-415 474-585 1227-705 84-091 1560 272-915 1287-085 1495-658 95-876 1465 952-25 512-75 1240-216 84-676 1565 234-75 1330-25 1509-632 96-463 1470 918-825 551-175 1253-402 85-264 1570 196-325 ! 1373-675 1523-706 97-050 1475 885 590 1266-391 85-857 1575 157-50 1417-50 1537-873 97-643 1480 850-915 629-085 1279-431 86-449 1580 118-415 1461-585 1552-077 98-232 1485 816-75 668-25 1292-447 87-032 1585 79-25 1505-75 1566-319 98-822 1490 782-325 707-675 1305-569 87-622 1590 39-825 1550-175 1580-609 99-409 1495 747-50 747-50 1328-862 88-217 1595 1595 1595 100 1500 712-415 787-585 1332-055 88-804 TABLE LXXVIIlD. Starch in Potatoes. Percentage of Percentage of Percentage of Sp. Gr. of Sp. Gr. of Sp. Gr. of Potatoes. Dry Matter. Starch. Potatoes. Dry Matter. Starch. Potatoes. Dry Matter. Staivli. 1-080 19-7 13-9 1-108 25-7 19-9 1-136 31-7 25-9 082 20-1 14-3 110 26-1 20-3 138 32-1 26-3 084 20-5 14-7 112 26-5 20-7 140 32-5 26-7 086 20-9 15-1 114 26-9 21-1 142 33-0 27-2 088 21-4 15-6 116 27-4 21-6 144 33-4 27-6 090 21-8 16-0 118 27-8 22-2 146 338 28-0 092 22-2 16-4 120 28-3 22-5 148 34-3 28-5 094 22-7 16-9 122 28-7 22'9 150 34-7 88-9 096 23-1 17-3 124 29-1 23-3 152 35-1 29-3 098 23-5 17-7 126 29-5 23-7 154 35-6 29-8 100 24-0 18-2 128 30-0 24-2 156 36-0 30-2 102 24-4 18-6 130 30-4 24-6 158 36-4 30-6 104 24-8 19-0 132 30-8 25-0 106 25-2 19-4 134 31-3 25-5 1204 TABLE LXXYIIlE. Water in Starch. Starch containing more than 1 1 '4 per cent, of water yields up the excess to alcohol of density 0*8339 (90 Tralles), and so the density of the alcohol becomes increased : should the starch contain less than 11*4 per cent., it speedily abstracts the deficit from the alcohol, and so reduces the density of the liquid. Scheibler calculated the table (1) from the density of alcohol (0'8339 originally) which had been shaken up with half its weight of starch (100 c.cms. of alcohol with 41 '695 grms. of starch), and then filtered. Saare rinses 100 grms. of potato starch to a tared flask of 250 c.cms. capacity, fills with water at 17"5 C., and then weighs again : the results obtained by him are given in Table (2). (1) (Scheibler.) o| *S 2 si "o'o * "o *o~ Density of the ll Density of the -5 1? Density of the 3 - Density of the fl Density of the o _S Density of the a 1 ; i 02 ^ 1 ff o Dextrose. Lrcvulose. Maltose. 11 = 5 HH f) 1 M d i 13 6-29 53 22-07 20-10 36-25 14 6-68 54 22-46 20-57 36-96 15 7-08 55 22-86 21-03 37-67 16 7-47 56 23-25 21-50 38-38 17 7-87 57 23-65 21-97 39-09 18 8-26 58 24-04 22-44 39-80 19 8-65 59 24-43 22-91 40-51 20 9-05 60 24-83 23-38 41-22 21 9-44 61 25-22 23-85 41-93 \ 22 9-84 62 25-62 24-31 42-64 23 10-23 63 26-01 24-78 43-35 24 10-63 64 26-41 25-25 44-06 25 11-02 7-12 65 26-80 25-72 44-78 26 11-42 7-59 66 27-20 26-19 45-49 27 11-81 8-05 67 27-59 26-66 46-20 28 12-21 8-51 68 27-98 27-13 46-91 29 12-60 8-97 69 28-38 27-60 47-62 30 12-99 9-44 70 28-77 : 28-06 48-33 31 13-39 9-90 71 29-17 28-53 49-04 j 32 1378 10-36 72 29-56 29-00 49-75 33 14-18 10-82 73 29-96 29-47 50-46 34 14-57 11-29 74 30-35 29-94 51-17 35 14-97 11-75 75 30-75 30-41 51-88 36 15-36 12-21 76 31-14 30-88 52-59 37 15-76 12-68 77 31-54 31-36 53-30 38 16-15 13-14 25-60 78 31-94 31-83 54-01 39 16-54 13-60 26-31 79 32-35 32-30 54^72 40 16-94 14-06 27-02 80 32-75 32-78 55-43 41 17-33 14'53 27-73 81 33-15 33-25 56-14 42 17-73 14-99 28-44 82 33-55 33-73 56-85 43 18-12 15-45 29-15 83 33-96 34-20 57-56 44 18-52 15-91 29-86 84 34-36 34-68 58-27 45 18-91 16-38 30-57 i 85 34-76 35-15 58-98 46 19-31 16-84 31-28 1 86 35-16 35-63 59-69 47 19-70 17-30 31-99 87 35-56 36-10 60-40 48 20-09 1777 32-70 88 35-97 36-58 61-11 49 20-49 18-23 33-41 89 36-37 37-05 61-82 50 20-88 18-69 34-12 90 36-77 37-52 62-53 51 21-28 19-16 34-83 91 37-17 i 38-00 88-24 52 21-67 19-63 35-54 92 37-58 38-47 63-95 VOL. II. 4H 1206 TABLE LXXVIIlF. continued. J? > be C 3 2 1 CO M i d s Dextrose. Lsevulose. 'cS S g > fc co M 3 93 37-98 38-95 64-66 133 54-07 58-20 93-07 55-48 76-21 94 38-38 39-42 65-37 134 54-48 58-69 93-78 55-90 76-81 95 38-78 39-90 66-08 135 54-88 59-19 94-49 56-32 77-41 96 39-19 40-37 66-79 136 55-28 59-68 95-20 56-74 78-00 97 39-59 40-85 67-50 137 55-68 60-17 95-91 57-17 78-60 98 39-99 41-32 68-21 138 56-09 60-66 96-62 57-59 79-19 99 40-39 41-79 68-92 139 56-49 61-15 97-33 58-01 79-79 100 40-80 42-27 69-63 140 56-90 61-65 98-04 58-44 80-39 101 41-20 42-75 70-34 141 57-31 62-14 98-75 58-86 80-98 102 41-60 43-23 71-05 142 57-72 62-63 99-46 59-28 81-58 103 42-00 43-71 71-76 143 58-12 63-12 100-17 59-71 82-17 104 42-41 44-19 72-47 144 58-53 63-62 100-88 60-13 82-77 105 42-81 44-67 73-18 145 58-94 64-11 101-59 60-45 83-37 106 43-21 45-15 73-89 146 59-34 64-60 102-30 60-98 83-96 107 43-61 45-63 74-60 147 59-75 65-09 103-01 61-40 84-56 108 44-02 46-11 75-31 148 60-16 65-58 103-72 61-82 85-15 109 44-42 46-59 76-02 149 60-57 66-08 104-43 62-24 85-75 110 44-82 47-07 76-73 150 60-97 66-57 105-14 62-67 86-35 111 45-22 47-55 77-44 151 61-38 67-06 105-85 63-09 86-94 112 45-62 48-03 78-15 152 61-79 67-55 106-56 63-51 87-54 113 46-03 48-51 78-86 47-01 153 62-20 68-04 107-27 63-94 88-13 114 46-43 48-99 79-58 47-44 154 62-60 68-53 107-98 64-36 88-73 115 46-83 49-47 80-29 47-86 155! 63-01 69-02 108-69 64-78 89-33 116 47-23 49-95 81-00 48-28 156 63-42 69-51 109-41 65-21 89-92 117 47-64 50-43 81-71 48-71 157 63-82 70-00 110-12 65-63 90-52 118 48-04 50-91 82-42 49-13 158 64-23 70-49 110-83 66-05 91-11 119 48-44 51-38 83-13 49-55 159 ! 64-64 70-98 111-54 66-48 91-71 120 48-84 51-86 83-84 49-97 160 65-05 i 71-47 112-25 66-80 92-31 121 49-25 52-34 84-55 50-40 161 65-45 i 71-96 112-96 67-32 92-90 122 49-65 52-82 85-26 50-82 162 65-86 72-45 113-67 67-75 9350 123 50-05 53-30 85-97 51-24 163 66-27 72-94 114-38 68-17 94-09 124 50-45 53-78 86-68 51-67 194 66-68 73-43 115-09 68-60 94-69 125 50-86 54-26 87-39 52-09 71-45 165 67-08 73-92 115-80 69-03 95-29 126 51-26 54-75 88-10 52-51 72-04 166 67-49 74-41 116-51 69-46 95-88 127 51-66 55-25 88-81 52-94 72-64 167 67-90 74-90 117-22 69-89 96-48 128 52-06 55-74 89-52 53-36 73-23 168 68-31 75-40 117-93 70-32 97-07 129 52-46 56-23 90-23 53-78 73-83 169 68-71 75-89 118-64 70-76 97-67 130 52-87 56-72 90-94 54-21 74-42 170 69-12 76-38 119-35 71-19 98-27 131 53-27 57-22 91-65 54-63 75-02 171 69-53 76-87 120-06 71-62 98-86 132 53-67 57-71 92-36 55-05 75-62 172 69-93 77-36 120-77 72-05 99-46 1207 TABLE LXXVIIlF. continued. i . i * | ri *i . I | i J 1 -M b ' a | 13 II 02 d a a ~3 2 So i Q 1 1 eo a o 1 5 "5 | 173 70-34 77-85 121-48 72-48 100-05 213 ! 86-92 98-04 149-89 89-72 123-99 174 70-75 ! 78-34 122-19 72-91 100-65 214 87-34 98-55 150-60 90-16 124-60 175 71-16 78-83 122-90 1 73-34 101-25 215 87-75 I 99-06 151-31 90-59 125-20 176 71-56 79-33 123-61 73-77 101-84 216 88-17 99-57 152-02 91-03 125-81 177 71-98 79-83 124-32 74-20 102-44 217 88-58 100-07 152-73 91-46 126-41 178 72-39 , 80-34 125-03 74-64 103-03 218 89-00 100-58 153-44 91-90 127-01 179 72-81 80-84 125-74 75-07 103-63 219 89-41 101-09 154-15 92-33 127-62 180 73-22 81-35 126-45 75-50 104-23 220 I 89-83 101-60 154-86 92-76 128-22 181 73-64 81-85 127-16 75-93 104-82 221 90-24 102-11 155-57 93-20 128-82 182 74-05 82-35 127-87 76-36 105-42 222 90-66 | 102-62 156-28 93-64 129-43 183 74-47 82-86 128-58 76-79 106*01 223 91-07 i 103-13 156-99 94-07 130-03 184 74-88 83-36 129-29 77-22 106-61 224 91-49 i 103-64 157-70 94-51 130-64 185 75-30 83-86 130-00 77-65 107-21 225 91-90 ! 104-15 158-41 94-94 131-24 186 75-71 84-37 130-71 78-08 107-80 226 92-32 104-66 159-12 95-38 131-84 187 76-13 84-87 131-42 78-51 108-40 227 92-73 105-18 159-83 95-81 132-45 188 76-54 85-37 132-13 78-95 108-99 228 93-15 105-70 160-54 96-25 133-05 189 76-96 85-88 132-84 79-38 109-59 229 93-57 106-22 161-25 96-68 133-65 190 77-37 86-38 133-55 79-81 110-19 230 93-98 106-73 161-96 97-12 134-26 191 77-79 86-89 134-26 80-24 110-78 231 94-40 107-25 162-67 97-56 134-86 192 78-20 87-39 134-97 80-67 111-38 232 9481 107-77 163-38 97-99 135-47 193 78-62 87-89 135-68 81-10 111-97 233 95-23 108-29 164-09 98-43 136-07 194 79-04 88-40 136-39 81-53 112-57 234 95-64 108-80 164-80 98-86 136-67 195 79-45 88-90 137-10 81-96 113-17 235 96-06 109-32 165-51 99-30 137-28 196 79-86 89-40 137-81 82-39 113-76 236 96-47 109-84 166-22 99-73 137-88 197 80-28 89-91 138-52 82-83 114-36 237 96-89 110-36 166-93 100-17 138-49 198 80-70 90-41 139-23 83-26 114-95 238 97-30 110-87 167-64 100-60 139-09 199 81-11 90-92 139-94 83-69 115-55 239 97-72 111-39 168-35 101-05 139-69 200 81-53 91-42 140-65 84-12 115-15 240 98-15 111-91 169-06 101-50 140-30 201 81-94 91-93 141-36 84-55 116-75 241 98-57 112-43 169-77 101-95 140-90 202 82-36 92-44 142-08 84-98 117-35 242 98-99 112-94 170-48 102-41 141-50 203 82-77 92-95 142-79 85-41 117-96 243 99-42 113-46 171-19 102-86 142-11 204 83-19 93-46 143-50 85-84 118-56 244 99-84 113-98 171-90 103-31 142-71 205 83-60 93-97 144-21 86-27 119-17 245 100-26 114-50 172-61 103-76 143-32 206 84-02 94-47 144-92 86-71 119-77 246 100-69 115-01 173-32 104-21 143-92 207 84-43 94-98 145-63 87-14 120-37 247 101-11 115-53 174-04 104-66 144-52 208 84-85 95-49 146-34 87-57 120-98 248 101-53 116-05 174-75 105-11 145-13 209 85-26 96-00 147-05 88-00 121-58 249 101-96 116-57 175-46 105-56 145-73 210 85-68 96-51 147-76 88-43 122-18 250 102-38 117-08 176-17 106-01 146-33 211 86-09 97-02 148-47 88-86 122-79 251 102-80 117-60 176-88 106-47 146-94 212 86-51 97-53 149-18 89-29 123-39 252 103-23 118-12 177-59 106-92 147-54 1208 TABLE LXXVIIIp, continued. 1 * a) . OJ ~ d I *3 1 t: ~- a. T ^ tic | 9 3 03 "C ^ I !> II 6 1 > J 'rt ~j * 6 : ! 1 A ~f S 253 103-65 118-64 178-30 107-37 148-14 294 121-03 140-37 207-42 125-88 172-90 254 104-07 119-16 179-01 107-82 148-75 295 121-46 140-91 208-13 126-34 173-50 255 104-50 119-67 17D-72 108-27 149-35 296 121-89 141-45 208-84 126-80 174-11 256 104-92 120-19 180-43 108-72 149-96 297 122-32 142-00 209-55 127-25 174-71 257 105-34 120-71 181-14 109-17 150-56 298 122-75 142-54 210-26 127-71 175-31 258 105-77 121-23 181-85 109-62 151-16 299 123-18 143-08 210-97 128-16 175-92 259 106-19 121-75 182-56 110-07 151-77 300 i 123-61 143-63 211-68 128-62 176-52 260 106-61 122-26 183-27 110-52 152-37 301 124-04 144-19 212-39 129-07 177-15 261 107-04 122-78 183-98 110-98 152-98 302 124-47 144-74 213-10 129-53 177-78 262 107-46 123-30 184-69 111-43 153-58 303 124-90 145-30 213-81 129-98 178-41 263 107-88 123-82 185-40 111-88 154-18 304 125-33 145-86 214-52 130-44 179-04 264 108-31 124-34 186-11 112-33 154-79 305 125-76 146-41 215-23 130-89 179*67 265 108-73 124-85 186-82 112-78 155-39 306 126-19 146-97 215-94 131-35 180-30 266 109-15 125-37 187-53 113-23 155-99 307 i 126-61 147-531216-65 131-80 180-93 267 109-58 125-89 188-24 113-68 156-60 308 i 127-04 148-08 217-36 132-26 181-56 268 110-00 126-41 188-95 114-13 157-20 309 127-47 148-64 218-07 132-71 182-19 269 110-42 127-93 189-66 114-58 157-81 310 127-90 149-20 218-78 133-17 182-82 270 110-85 127-44 190-37 115-04 158-41 311 128-33 149-75 219-49 133-62 183-45 271 111-27 127-96 191-08 115-49 159-01 312 128-76 150-31 220-20 134-08 184-08 272 111-69 128-48 191-79 115-94 159-62 313 129-19 150-87 220-91 134-53 184-71 273 112-12 129-00 192-50 116-39 160-22 314 129-62 151-42 221-62 134-99 185-33 274 112-54 129-52 193-21 116-84 160-82 315 130-05 151-98 222-33 135-45 185-96 275 112-96 130-03 193-92 1 1-7-29 161-43 316 130-48 152-54 223-04 135-91 186-59 276 113-39 130-58 194-63 117-74 162-03 317 130-91 153-09 s 223-75 136-37 187-22 277 113-81 131-12 195-34 118-19 162-64 318 131-34 153-65 224-46 136-83 187-85 278 114-23 131-67 196-05 118-64 163-24 319 131-77 154-21 225-17 137-28 188-48 279 114-66 132-21 196-76 119-10 163-84 320 132-19 154-76 225-88 137-74 189-11 280 115-08 132-75 197-47 119-55 164-45 321 132-62 155-32 22659 138-20 189-74 281 115-f)0 133-30 198-18 120-00 165-05 322 133-05 155-88 227-30 138-66 190-37 282 115-92 133-84 198-89 120-45 165-65 323 133-48 156-43 228-01 139-12 191-00 283 116-35 134-38 199-60 120-90 166-26 324 133-91 156-99 228-72 139-68 191-63 284 116-77 134-93 200-31 121-35 166-86 325 134-34 157-55 229-43 140-04 192-26 285 117-19 135-47 201-02 121-80 167-47 326 134-77 158-09 230-14 140-50 192-89 286 117-62 1136-01 201-7:; ii'i'-jf) 168-07 327 135-20 158-63 230-85 140-96 193-52 287 118-04 136-56 202-44 122-70 168-67 328 135-63 159-17 231-56 141-42 194-15 288 118-46 137-10 203-15 123-15 169-28 329 136-06 159-71 232-27 141-88 194-78 289 118-89! 137-65 203-86 123-61 169-88 330 136-49 160-25 232-98 142-33 195-41 290 IllKl-J 138-19 204-57 124-06 170-48 331 136-92 160-78 233-69 142-79 196-04 291 119-75 138-73 205-28 124-53 171-09 332 137-34 161-32 234-40 143-25 196-67 292 120-18 139-28 L'O.V.UI 124-98 i 171-69 333 137-77 161*86 235*11 143-71 197-30 293 120-60 139-82 200-71 125-43 * 172-29 334 138'20 162-40 235-82 144-17 197-93 1 1209 TABLE LXXVIIlF. confined. o i i i II 2! 1 ' j i ii n a "i ^ Q "^ h- < "a o 1 : 1 F Am * 335 138-63 162-94 236-53 144-63 198-56 376 156-60 185-75 163-84 224-37 336 139-06 163-48 237-24 145-09 199-19 377 157-04 186-32 164-33 225-00 337 139-49 164-02 237-95 145-55 199-81 378 157-47 186-90 164-81 225-63 338 139-92 164-56 23866 146-01 200-44 379 157-91 187-47 165-28 22(V26 339 140-35 165-10 239-38 146-47 201-07 380 158-35 188-04 165-75 226-89 340 140-79 165-64 240-09 146-94 201-70 381 185-79 188-61 166-23 227-:>2 341 141-23 166-18 240-80 147-41 202-33 382 159-23 189-18 166-70 228-15 342 141-67 166-72 241-51 147-87 202-96 383 159-67 189-76 167-18 228-78 343 142-11 167-26 242-22 148-34 203-59 384 160-11 190-33 167-65 229-41 344 142-54 167-80 242-93 148-81 20422 385 160-55 190-90 168-13 230-03 345 142-98 168-33 243-64 149-28 204-85 386 160-99 191-47 168-60 230-66 346 143-42 168-87 244-35 149-74 205-48 387 161-43 192-04 169-08 231-29 347 143-86 169-41 245-06 150-21 206-11 388 161-87 192-61 169-55 231-92 348 144-30 169-95 245-77 150-68 206-74 389 162-30 193-19 170-03 232-55 349 144-74 170-49 246-48 151-14 207-37 390 162-74 193-76 170-50 233'IS 350 145-18 171-03 247-19 151-61 208-00 391 163-18 194-33 170-98 233-81 351 145-62 171-60 247-90 152-08 208-63 392 163-62 194-90 171-45 2.">4'44 352 146-06 172-16 248-61 152-54 209-26 393 164-06 195-47 17193 235-07 353 146-50 172-73 249-32 153-01 209-89 394 164-50 196-04 172-40 235-70 354 147-94 17329 250-03 153-48 210-52 395 164-94 196-62 172-88 236-33 355 147-37 173-86 250-74 153-94 211-15 396 165-38 197-19 173-35 236-96 356 147-81 174-43 251-45 154-41 211-78 397 165-82 197-76 173-83 237-59 357 148-25 174-99 252-16 154-88 212-41 398 166-26 198-33 174-30 23822 358 148-69 175-56 252-87 155-35 213-04 399 166-70 198-90 174-78 238-85 359 149-13 176-12 253-58 155-81 213-67 400 167-13 199-48 175-25 239-48 360 149-57 176-92 254-29 156-28 214-30 401 167-57 200-06 175-73 240-14 361 150-01 177-26 255-00 156-75 214-92 402 168-02 200-65 176-20 240-80 362 ! 150-45 177-82 255-71 157-21 -Jl.rfio 403 168-47 201-24 176-68 241-46 363 150-89 178-39 256'42 157-68 216-18 404 163-92 201-83 177-15 242-12 364 151-33 178-95 257-13 158-15 216-81 405 169-36 202-12 177-63 242-78 365 151-77 179-52 257-84 158-63 215-44 406 169-81 203-01 178-10 243-44 366 152-20 180-09 258-55 158-11 |218-07 407 170-26 203-60 178-58 244-11 367 152-64 180-65 259-26 159-58 218-70 408 170-70 204-19 179-05 244-77 368 153-08 181-22 259-97 160-06 219-33 409 17M5 204-78 17 !";">:> 369 j 153-52 181-78 260-68 160-53 219-96 410 171-60 205-36 180-00 246-09 370 153-96 182-35 261-39 161-01 220-59 411 172-05 205-95 180-48 24&-7B 371 154-40 182-92 262-10 161-4* 22 1-22 412 172-49 206-54 180-95 217-11 372 154-84 183-48 262-81 161-96 221*86 413 172-94 207-13 181-43 248-07 373 155-28 184-05 263-52 162-43 222-48 414 173-39 207-72 181-91 248-73 374 155-72 184-61 264-23 162-91 223-11 415 17383 208-31 182-40 21'.f40 375 156-16 1 185-18 264-94 163-38 228*74 416 174-28 208-90 182-89 250-06 1210 TABLE LXXVIIlF. continued. 1 1 *s 1 H *i I | d 1 $ j ^t S^ 5 S 1 ff e s S c 6 "i ^ '08 If ^W 417 174-73 209-49 183-38 250-72 458 193-21 233-84 203-42 277-82 418 175-18 210-08 183-86 251-38 459 193-67 234-42 203-91 278-49 419 175-62 210-66 184-35 252-04 460 194-12 : 235-00 204-40 279-15 420 176-07 211-25 184-83 252-70 461 194-58 235-58 204-89 279-81 421 176-52 211-84 185-32 253-36 462 195-03 236-16 205-38 280-47 I | 422 176-96 212-43 185-81 254-02 463 195-49 236-74 205-87 281-13 423 177-41 213-02 186-30 254-68 464 195-94 237-32 206-37 281-79 424 177-86 213-61 186-78 255-35 465 196-40 237-90 206-88 282-45 425 178-31 214-20 187-27 256-01 466 196-86 238-48 207-38 283-11 426 178-75 214-80 187-76 256-67 467 197-31 239-06 207-88 283-77 427 179-20 215-40 188-24 257-33 468 197-77 239-64 208-38 284-44 428 179-65 216-00 188-73 257-99 469 198-22 240-22 208-89 285-10 429 180-10 216-60 189-22 258-65 470 19868 240-81 209-39 285-76 430 180-54 217-20 189-70 259-31 471 199-13 241-39 209-89 286-42 431 180-99 217-80 190-19 259-97 472 199-59 241-97 210-39 287-08 432 181-44 218-40 190-68 260-63 473 200-04 242-55 210-90 287-74 433 181-88 219-00 191-16 261-30 474 200-50 243-13 211-40 288-40 434 182-33 219-60 191-65 261-96 475 200-95 243-71 211-90 289-06 435 182-78 220-19 192-14 262-62 476 201-41 244-44 212-40 289-72 436 183-23 220-79 192-62 263-28 477 201-86 245-16 212-91 290-39 437 183-67 221-39 193-11 263-94 478 202-32 245-89 213-41 291-05 438 184-12 221-99 193-60 264-60 479 202-77 246-62 213-91 291-71 439 184-57 222-59 194-09 265-26 480 203-23 247-35 214-42 292-37 440 185-02 223-19 194-58 265-92 481 203-68 248-08 214-92 293-03 441 185-48 223-79 195-07 266-59 482 204-14 248-80 ! 215-42 293-69 442 185-93 224-39 195-56 267-25 483 204-59 215-92 294-35 443 186-39 224-99 196-05 267-91 484 205-05 216-43 295-01 444 186-84 225-59 196-54 268-57 485 205-50 216-93 295-68 445 187-30 226-19 197-03 269-23 486 205-96 217-43 296-34 446 187-75 226-79 197-53 269-89 487 206-41 L>17-93 297-00 447 188-21 227-39 198-02 270-5 488 206-87 218-44 297-66 448 188-66 227-99 198-51 271-21 489 207-32 218-97 298-32 449 189-12 L'L'8-59 199-00 271-87 490 207-78 219-51 298-98 450 189-57 229-19 199-49 272-53 491 208-25 220-04 299-64 451 190-03 229-77 199-98 273-20 492 208-71 220-57 300-30 452 190-48 230-35 200-47 273-86 493 209-18 221-11 300-9fi 453 190-94 230-93 200-96 274-52 494 209-64 221-64 30T63 454 191-39 231-51 201-45 27518 495 iHO-10 222-18 302-29 455 191-85 232-09 201-94 275-84 496 210-57 i 222-71 302-95 456 192-30 232-67 202-43 276-50 497 211-03 223-25 303-61 457 192-76 233-26 202-93 277-16 498 211-49 223-78 304-27 1211 TABLE LXXVIIIr. continued. d & o Dextrose. Laevulose. *3 Is' *f i i GO M (3 02 M $ o Dextrose. Lsevulose. Maltose. l| A& I ,* 3 499 211-96 224-32 304-93 539 230-58 500 212-42 224-85 305-59 540 231-05 501 212-88 225-38 541 231-52 502 213-34 225-92 542 231-99 503 213-81 226-45 543 232-46 504 214-27 226-99 544 232-93 505 214-73 227-52 545 233-40 506 215-20 228-06 546 233-87 507 215-66 228-59 547 234-34 508 216-12 229-12 548 234-82 509 216-59 229-66 549 235-29 510 217-05 230-19 550 235-76 511 217-51 230-73 551 236-23 512 217-98 231-26 552 236-70 513 218-44 231-80 553 237-17 514 218-90 232-36 554 237-64 515 219-37 232-93 555 238-11 516 219-83 233-49 556 238-58 517 220-29 234-06 557 239-06 518 220-76 234-63 558 239-53 519 221-22 235-19 559 240-00 520 221-68 235-76 560 240-47 521 222-15 336-32 561 240-94 522 222-61 236-89 562 241-41 523 223-07 237-46 563 241-88 524 223-53 238-02 564 242-35 525 224-00 238-59 565 242-82 526 224-46 239-15 566 243-29 527 224-93 239-72 567 243-77 528 225-40 240-29 568 244-24 529 225-87 240-85 569 244-71 530 226-34 241-42 570 245-18 531 226-81 241-98 571 245-65 532 227-28 242-55 572 246-12 533 227-75 243-12 573 246-59 534 228-22 243-68 574 247-06 535 228-69 244-25 575 247-53 536 229-16 244-81 576 248-00 537 229-63 245-38 538 230-11 245-95 1212 TABLE LXXVIIIc. Weight of various Sugars corresponding to Weights of Copper precipitated from Fehling's Solution. (Milligrammes.) 1 Dextrose. Lsevulose. Maltose. 11 G S H-ICG I 02 M 1 1 o O Dextrose. * O 1 OT 3 \ a 1 ! I .(j . n a s -<02 DQ ,M 1 10 6-1 50 25-9 24-59 42-6 11 6-6 51 26-4 25-18 43-5 12 7-1 52 26-9 25-76 44-4 13 7-6 53 27-4 26-35 45-2 14 8-1 54 27-9 26-93 46-1 15 8-6 55 28-4 27-52 47-0 16 9-0 56 28-8 28-17 47-8 17 9-5 57 29-3 28-70 48-7 18 10-0 58 29-8 29-30 49-6 19 10-5 59 30-3 29-89 50-4 20 11-0 7-15 60 '30-8 30-48 51'3 21 11-5 7-78 61 31-3 31-07 52-2 22 12-0 8-41 62 31-8 31-66 53-1 23 12-5 9-04 63 32-3 32-25 53-9 24 13-0 9-67 64 32-8 32-84 54-8 25 13-5 10-30 65 33-3 33-43 55-7 26 14-0 10-81 66 33-8 34-02 56-6 27 14-5 11-33 67 34-3 34-62 57-4 28 15-0 11-84 68 34-8 35-21 58-3 29 15-5 12-36 69 35-3 35-81 59-2 30 16-0 12-87 25-3 70 35-8 36-40 60-1 31 16-5 13-46 26-1 71 36-3 37-00 61-0 32 17-0 14-05 27-0 72 36-8 37-59 61-8 33 17-5 14-64 27-9 73 37-3 38-19 62-7 34 18-0 15-23 28-7 74 37-8 38-78 63-6 35 18-5 ! 15-82 29-6 75 38-3 39-38 64-5 36 18-9 16-40 30-5 76 38-8 39-98 65-4 37 19-4 16-99 31-3 77 39-3 40-58 66-2 38 19-9 17-57 32-2 78 39-8 41-17 67-1 39 20-4 18-16 33-1 79 40-3 41-77 68-0 40 20-9 1874 33-9 80 40-8 42-37 68-9 41 21-4 19-32 34-8 81 41-3 42-97 69-7 42 21-9 19-91 35-7 82 41-8 43 57 70'6 43 44 22-4 22-9 20-49 21-08 36-5 37-4 83 84 42-3 42-8 44-16 44-76 71-5 72-4 45 46 47 48 49 23-4 23-9 24-4 24-9 25-4 21-66 22-25 22-83 23-42 24-00 38-3 39-1 40-0 40-9 41-8 85 86 87 88 89 43-4 43-9 44-4 44-9 45-4 45-37 45-96 46-57 47-17 47-78 73-2 74-1 75-0 75-9 76-8 1213 TABLE LXXVIIlQ. continued. go | 1 1 SM ' Q) cfl &) 00 & I 1 j il 1 1 X 9 Q 1 '"w 1 Q I 15 js * 3 90 45-9 48-38 77-7 46-9 130 66-2 72-81 113-4 68-1 93-8 91 46-4 48-98 78-6 47-4 131 66-7 73-43 114-3 68-7 94-6 92 46-9 49-58 79-5 47-9 132 67-2 74-05 115-2 69-2 95-3 93 47-4 50-18 80-3 48-4 133 67-7 74-67 116-1 69-7 96-1 94 47-9 50-78 81-2 48-9 134 68-2 75-29 117-0 70-3 96-9 95 48-4 51-38 82-1 49-5 135 68-8 75-91 117-9 70-8 97-6 96 48-9 51-98 83-0 50-0 136 69-3 76-53 118-8 71-3 98-3 97 49-4 52-58 83-9 50-5 137 69-8 77-15 119-7 71-9 99-1 98 49-9 53-19 84-8 51-1 138 70-3 77-77 120-6 72-4 99-8 99 50-4 53-79 85-7 51-6 139 70-8 78-39 121-5 72-9 100-5 100 50-9 54-39 86-6 52-1 71-6 140 71-3 79-01 122-4 73-5 101-3 101 51-4 55-00 87-5 52-7 72-4 141 71-8 79-64 123-3 74-0 102-0 102 51-9 55-62 88-4 53-2 73-1 142 72-3 80-28 124-2 74-5 102-8 103 52-4 56-23 89-2 53-7 73-8 143 72-9 80-91 125-1 75-1 103-5 104 52-9 56-85 90-1 54'3 74-6 144 73-4 81-55 126-0 75-6 104-3 105 53-5 57-46 91-0 54-8 75-3 145 73-9 82-18 126-9 76-1 105-1 106 54-0 58-07 91-9 55-3 76-1 146 74-4 82-81 127-8 76-7 105-8 107 54-5 58-68 92-8 55-9 76-8 147 74-9 83-43 128-7 77-2 106-6 il08 55-0 59-30 93-7 56-4 77-6 148 75-5 84-06 129-6 77-8 107-3 109 55-5 59-91 94-6 56-9 78-3 149 76-0 84-68 130-5 78-3 108-1 110 56-0 60-52 95-5 57-5 79-0 150 76-5 85-31 131-4 78-9 108-8 111 56-5 61-13 96-4 58-0 79-8 151 77-0 85-93 132-3 79-4 109-6 112 57-0 61-74 97-3 58-5 80-5 152 77-5 86-55 133-2 80-0 110-3 113 57-5 62-36 98-1 59-1 81-3 153 78-1 87-16 134-1 80-5 111-1 114 58-0 62-97 99-0 59-6 82-0 154 78-6 87-78 135-0 81-0 111-9 115 58-6 63-58 1 99-9 60-1 82-7 155 79-1 135-9 81-6 112-6 116 59-1 64-21 | 100-8 60-7 83-5 156 79-6 89-05 136-8 82-1 113-4 117 59-6 64-84 101-7 61-2 84-2 157 80-1 89-69 137-7 82-7 114-1 118 60-1 65-46 102-6 61-7 85-0 158 80-7 90-34 138-0 83-2 114-9 119 60-6 66-09 103-5 62-3 85-7 159 81-2 90-98 139-5 83-8 115-6 120 61-1 66-72 104-4 62-8 86-4 160 81-7 91-63 140-4 84-3 116-4 121 61-6 67-32 105-3 63-3 87-2 161 82-2 92-26 141-3 84-8 ! 117-1 122 62-1 67-92 ! 106-2 63-9 87-9 162 82-7 92-90 1 ll'-'J 85-4 117-9 123 62-6 68-53 107-1 64-4 88-7 163 83-3 93-53 143-1 85-9 118-6 124 63-1 69-13 108-0 64-9 89-4 164 83-8 94-17 144-0 86-5 119-4 125 63-7 69-73 108-9 65-5 90-1 165 84-3 94-80 144-9 87-0 120-2 126 64-2 70-35 109-8 66-0 90-9 166 84-8 95-44 145-8 87-6 120-9 127 64-7 70-96 110-7 66-5 91-6 167 85-3 96-08 146-7 88-1 121-7 128 65-2 71-58 111-6 67-1 92-4 168 85*9 96-71 147-6 88-6 122-4 129 65-7 72-19 112-5 67-6 93-1 169 86-4 97-35 148-5 89-2 123-2 1214 TABLE LXXVIIIo. continued. ,- g . 1 S-" i i | tJ n* SB n 1 J o 11 1 J "3 J > D 03 1 "M a 1 3 a B I-IGO 3 1 1 , 1 3 S3 S *-" GO 1 170 86-9 97-99 149-4 89-7 123-9 210 107-9 123-92 185-0 111-9 154-5 171 87-4 98-63 150-3 90-3 124-7 211 108-4 124-58 185-9 112-5 155-2 172 87-9 99-27 151-2 90-8 125-5 212 109-0 125-24 186-8 113-0 156-0 173 88-5 99-90 152-0 91-4 126-2 213 109-5 125-90 187-7 113-6 156-7 174 89-0 100-54 152-9 91-9 127-0 214 110-0 126-56 188-6 114-2 157-5 175 89-5 101-18 153-8 92-4 127-8 215 110-6 127-22 189-5 114-7 158-2 176 90-0 101-82 154-7 93-0 128-5 216 111-1 127-85 190-4 115-3 159-0 177 90-5 102-46 155-6 93-5 129-3 217 111-6 128-48 191-2 115-8 159-7 178 91-1 103-11 156-5 94-1 130-1 218 112-1 129-10 192-1 116-4 160-4 179 91-6 103-75 157-4 94-6 130-8 219 112-7 129-73 193-0 117-0 161-2 180 92-1 104-39 158-3 95-2 131-6 220 113-2 130-36 193-9 117-5 161-9 181 92-6 105-04 159-2 95-7 132-4 221 113-7 131-01 194-8 118-1 162-7 182 93-1 105-68 160-1 96-2 133-1 222 114-3 131-77 195-7 118-7 163-4 183 93-7 106-33 160-9 96-8 133-9 223 1 14-8 132-48 196-6 119-2 164-2 184 94-2 106-97 161-8 97-3 134-7 224 115-3 133-18 197-5 119-8 164-9 185 94-7 107-62 162-7 97-8 135-4 225 115-9 133-89 198-4 120-4 ' 165-7 186 95-2 108-27 163-6 98-4 136-2 226 116-4 134-56 199-3 120-9 166-4 187 95-7 108-92 164-5 99-0 137-0 227 116-9 135-23 200-2 121-5 167-2 188 96-3 109-56 165-4 99-5 137-7 228 117-4 135-89 201-1 122-1 167-9 189 96-8 110-21 166-3 100-1 138-5 229 118-0 136-56 202-0 122-6 168-6 190 97-3 110-86 167-2 100-6 139-3 230 118-5 137-23 202-9 123-2 169-4 191 97-8 111-50 168-1 101-2 140-0 231 119-0 137-90 203-8 123-8 170-1 192 98-4 112-14 169-0 101-7 140-8 232 119-6 138-57 204-7 124-3 170-9 193 98-9 112-78 169-8 102-3 141-6 233 120-1 139-25 205-6 124-9 171-6 194 99-4 113-42 170-7 102-9 142-3 234 120-7 139-92 206-5 125-5 172-4 195 100-0 114-06 171-6 103-4 143-1 235 121-2 140-59 207-4 126-0 173-1 196 100-5 114-72 172-5 104-0 143-9 236 121-7 141-27 208-3 126-6 173-9 197 101-0 115-38 173-4 104-6 144-6 237 122-3 141-94 209-1 127-2 174-6 198 101-5 116-04 174-3 105-1 145-4 238 122-8 142-62 210-0 127-8 175-4 199 102-0 116-70 175-2 105-7 146-2 239 123-4 143-29 210-9 128-3 176-2 200 102-6 117-36 176-1 106-3 146-9 240 123-9 143-97 211-8 128-9 176-9 201 103-2 118-02 177-0 106-8 147-7 241 124-4 144-65 212-7 129-5 177-7 202 103-7 118-68 177-9 107-4 148-5 242 125-0 145-32 213-6 130-0 178-5 203 104-2 119-33 178-7 107-9 149-2 243 I 125-5 146-00 214-5 130-6 179-3 204 104-7 119-99 179-6 108-5 150-0 244 126-0 146-67 215-4 131-2 180-1 205 105-3 120-65 180-5 109-1 150-7 245 126-6 147-35 216-3 131'8 180-8 206 105-8 i 121-30 181-4 109-6 151-5 246 127-1 148-03 217-2 132-3 181-6 207 106-3 121-96 182-3 110-2 152-2 247 127-6 148-71 j 218-1 132-9 182-4 208 106-8 122-61 183-2 110-8 153-0 248 128-1 149-40 219-0 133-5 183-2 209 107-4 123-27 184-1 111-3 153-7 249 128-7 150-08 219-9 134-1 184-0 1215 TABLE LXXVIIIo. continued. 1 6 Dextrose. Lsevulose. 13 li CQ 1 02 1 1 o* O Dextrose. Laevulose. 1 1 11 hSw i 02 M i 250 129-2 150-76 220-8 134-6 184-8 290 151-0 178-53 256-6 157-8 216-3 251 129-7 151-44 221-7 135-2 185-5 291 151-6 179-24 257-5 158-4 217-1 252 130-3 152-12 222-6 135-8 186-3 292 152-1 179-95 258-4 159-0 217-9 253 130-8 152-81 223-5 136-3 187-1 293 152-7 180-65 259-3 159-6 218-7 254 131-4 153-49 224-4 136-9 187-9 294 153-2 181-36 260-2 160-2 219-5 255 131-9 154-17 225-3 137-5 188-7 295 153-8 182-07 261-1 160-8 220-3 256 132-4 154-91 226-2 138-1 189-4 296 154-3 182-78 262-0 161-4 221-1 257 133-0 155-65 227-1 138-6 190-2 297 154-9 183-49 262-8 162-0 221-9 258 133-5 156-40 228-0 139-2 191-0 298 155-4 184-21 263-7 162-6 222-7 259 134-1 157-14 228-9 139-8 191-8 299 156-0 184-92 264-6 163-2 223-5 260 134-6 157-88 229-8 140-4 192-5 300 156-5 185-63 265-5 163-8 224-4 261 135-1 158-49 230-7 140-9 193-3 301 157-1 186-35 164-4 225-2 262 135-7 159-09 231-6 141-5 194-1 302 157-6 187-06 165-0 225-9 263 136-2 159-70 232-5 142-1 194-9 303 158-2 187-78 165-6 226-7 264 136-8 160-30 233-4 142-7 195-7 304 158-7 188-49 166-2 227-5 265 137-3 160-91 234-3 143-2 196-4 305 159-3 189-21 166-8 228-3 266 137-8 161-63 235-2 143-8 197-2 306 159-8 189-93 167-3 229*1 267 138-4 162-35 236-1 144-4 198-0 307 160-4 190-65 167-9 229-8 268 138-9 163-07 237-0 144-9 198-8 308 160-9 191-37 168-5 230-6 269 139-5 163-79 237-9 145-5 199-5 309 161-5 192-09 169-1 231-4 270 140-0 164-51 238-8 146-1 200-3 310 162-0 192-81 169-7 L'32-2 271 140-6 165-21 239-7 146-7 201-1 311 162-6 193-45 170-3 232-9 272 141-1 165-90 240-6 147-2 201-9 312 163-1 194-25 170-9 233-7 273 141-7 166-60 241-5 147-8 202-7 313 163-7 194-97 171-5 234-5 274 142-2 167-29 242-4 148-4 203-5 314 164-2 195-69 172-1 235-3 275 142-8 167-99 243-3 149-0 204-3 315 164-8 196-41 172-7 236-1 276 143-3 168-68 244-2 149-5 205-1 316 165-3 197-12 173-3 236-8 277 143-9 169-37 245-1 150-1 205-9 317 165-9 197-83 173-9 237-6 278 144-4 170-06 246-0 150-7 206-7 318 166-4 198-59 174-5 238-4 279 145-0 170-75 246-9 151-3 207-5 319 167-0 199-26 175-1 23S-2 280 145-5 171-44 247-8 151-9 208-3 320 167-5 199-97 175-6 240-0 281 146-1 172-14 248-7 152-5 209-1 321 168-1 200-71 176-2 240-7 282 146-6 172-85 2496 153-1 209-9 322 168-6 201-44 176-8 241-5 283 147-2 173-55 250-4 153-7 210-7 323 169-2 202-18 177-4 242-3 284 147-7 174-26 251-3 154-3 211-5 324 169-7 202-91 178-0 243-1 285 148-3 174-96 252-2 i 154-9 212-3 325 170-3 203-65 178-6 243-9 286 148-8 175-67 253-1 155-5 213-1 326 170-9 204-39 179-2 L>44-6 287 149-4 176-39 254-0 156-1 213-9 327 171-4 205-13 179-8 245-4 288 149-9 177-10 254-9 156-7 214-7 328 172-0 205-88 180-4 246-2 289 150-5 177-82 255-8 157-2 215-5 329 172-5 206-62 181-0 247-0 1216 TABLE LXXVIIIo. continued. 3 Dextrose. Laevulose. Maltose. n" |, 02 1 00 ^A 1 S-i i o> Oi a O j Dextrose. 3 i 11 ^02 1 cc M i 330 173-1 207-36 181-6 i 247-7 370 195-7 237-39 206-1 280-5 331 173-7 208-10 182-2 ! 248-5 371 196-3 238-16 206-7 281-4 332 174-2 208-83 182-8 249-2 372 196-8 238-93 207-3 282-2 333 174-8 209-57 183-5 250-0 373 197-4 239-69 208-0 283-1 334 175-3 210-30 184-1 250-8 374 198-0 240-46 208-6 283-9 335 175-9 211-04 184-7 251-6 375 198-6 241-23 209-2 284-8 336 176-5 211-78 185-4 252-5 376 199-1 241-87 209-9 285-7 337 177-0 212-52 186-0 253-3 377 199-7 242-51 210-5 286-5 338 177-6 213-25 186-6 254-1 378 200-3 243-15 211-1 287-4 339 178-1 213-99 187-2 254-9 379 200-8 243-79 211-7 288-2 340 178-7 214-73 187-8 255-7 380 201-4 244-43 212-4 289-1 341 179-3 215-48 188-4 256-5 381 202-0 245-34 213-0 289-9 342 179-8 216-23 189-0 257-4 382 202-5 246-25 213-6 290-8 343 180-4 216-97 189-6 258-2 383 203-1 247-17 214-3 291-7 344 180-9 217-72 190-2 259-0 384 203-7 248-08 214-9 292-5 345 181-5 218-47 190-8 259-8 385 204-3 248-99 215-5 293-4 346 182-1 219-21 191-4 260-6 386 204-8 216-1 294-2 347 182-6 219-97 192-0 261-4 387 205-4 216-8 295-1 348 183-2 220-71 192-6 262-3 388 206-0 217-4 296-0 349 183-7 221-46 193-2 263-1 389 206-5 218-0 296-8 350 184-3 '1'1'1"1\ 193-8 263-9 390 207-1 218-7 297-7 351 184-9 222-96 194-4 264-7 391 207-7 219-3 298-5 352 185-4 223-72 195-0 265-5 392 208-3 219-9 299-4 353 186-0 224-47 195-6 266-3 393 208-8 220-5 300-3 354 186-6 225-23 196-2 267-2 394 209-4 221-2 301-1 355 187-2 225-98 196-8 268-0 395 210-0 221-8 302-0 356 m-7 226-74 197-4 268-8 396 210-6 222-4 302-8 357 188-3 227-49 198-0 269-6 397 211-2 223-1 303-7 358 188-9 228-25 198-6 270-4 398 211-7 223-7 304-6 359 189-4 229-00 199-2 271-2 399 212-3 \ 224-3 305-4 360 190-0 229-76 199-8 272-1 400 212-9 224-9 306-3 361 190-6 230-52 200-4 272-9 401 213-5 225-7 362 191-1 2*1-28 201-1 273-7 402 214-1 226-4 363 lit 1-7 232-05 201-7 274-5 403 214-6 227-1 364 192-3 232-81 202-3 275-3 404 215-2 227-8 365 192-9 233-57 203-0 27G-2 405 215-8 228-6 366 193-4 234-33 203-6 277-1 406 216-4 229-3 367 194-0 235-10 204-2 277-9 407 217-0 230-0 368 194-6 235-86 204-8 278-8 408 217-5 230-7 369 IDfrl 236-63 205-5 279-6 409 218-1 231-4 1217 TABLE LXXVIIIo. continued. i s 6 i I Lsevulose. Maltose. II 1 09 M s i o O Dextrose. ! Lsevulose. Maltose. If -_: ?| ZZ i & i 1 410 218-7 232-1 437 234-5 411 219-3 232-8 438 235-1 412 219-9 233-5 439 235-7 413 220-4 234-3 440 236-3 414 221-0 235-0 441 236-9 415 221-6 235-7 442 237-5 416 222-2 236-4 443 238-1 417 222-8 237-1 444 238-7 418 223-3 237-8 445 239-3 419 223-9 238-5 446 239-8 420 224-5 239-2 447 240-4 421 225-1 239-9 448 241-0 422 225-7 240-6 449 241-6 423 226-3 241-3 450 242-2 424 226-9 242-0 451 242-8 425 227-5 242-7 452 243-4 426 228-0 243-4 453 244-0 427 228-6 244-1 454 244-6 428 229-2 244-9 455 245-2 429 229-8 245-6 456 245-7 430 230-4 246-3 457 246-3 431 231-0 458 246-9 432 231-6 459 247-5 433 232-2 460 248-1 434 232-8 461 248-7 435 233-4 462 249-3 436 233-9 463 249-9 1218 TABLE LXXVIIIn. Approximate Amount of Solids (dried at 70 to 75 C.) contained in Worts, Infusions, clear Extracts of Malt, and De-alcoholised Beers. (Schultze- Ostermann.) Specific Gravity at 15 C. Weight o Extract per cent. Specific Gravity at 15 C. Weight of Extract per cent. Specific Gravity at 15*0, Weight of Extract per cent. Specific Gravity at 15 C. Weight oi Extract per cent. Specific Gravity at 15 C. Weight of Extract per cent. 1-0050 1-313 1-0100 2-616 1-0150 3-907 1 -0200 5-186 1-0001 0-026 51 339 01 642 51 933 01 211 2 053 52 365 02 667 52 959 02 237 3 079 53 392 03 693 53 984 03 262 4 105 54 418 04 719 54 4-010 04 288 5 132 55 444 05 745 55 036 05 313 6 158 56 470 06 771 56 061 06 338 7 184 57 496 07 797 57 087 07 364 8 211 58 522 08 823 58 112 08 389 9 237 59 548 09 849 59 138 09 415 1-0010 263 1-0060 574 1-0110 875 1-0160 164 1-0210 440 11 290 61 600 11 901 61 189 11 466 12 316 62 627 12 927 62 215 12 491 13 342 63 653 13 953 63 240 13 517 14 368 64 679 14 979 64 266 14 542 15 395 65 705 15 3-005 65 291 15 567 16 421 66 731 16 031 66 317 16 593 17 447 67 757 17 057 67 343 17 618 18 474 68 783 18 082 68 368 18 i 644 19 500 69 809 19 108 69 394 19 669 1-0020 526 1-0070 835 1-0120 134 1-0170 419 1 -0220 695 21 553 71 862 21 160 71 445 21 720 22 579 72 888 22 186 72 470 22 746 23 605 73 914 23 211 73 496 23 771 24 632 74 940 24 237 74 522 24 796 25 658 75 966 25 263 75 547 25 822 26 684 76 992 26 289 76 573 26 847 27 711 77 2-018 27 314 77 598 27 873 28 ' 737 78 044 28 340 78 624 28 898 29 763 79 070 29 366 79 650 29 924 1-0030 790 1-0080 096 1-0130 392 1-0180 675 1-0230 949 i 31 816 81 122 31 417 81 701 31 975 32 842 82 148 32 443 82 726 32 6-000 33 868 83 174 33 469 83 752 33 025 34 895 84 200 34 495 84 777 34 051 35 921 85 226 35 521 85 803 35 076 36 947 86 252 36 546 86 829 36 101 37 974 87 278 37 572 87 854 37 126 38 rooo 88 304 38 598 88 880 38 151 39 1-0040 026 052 89 1-0090 330 356 39 1-0140 624 649 89 1-0190 905 931 39 1 -0240 177 202 41 078 91 382 41 675 91 956 41 227 42 104 92 408 42 701 92 982 42 252 43 131 93 434 43 727 93 5-008 43 278 44 A C 157 94 460 44 752 94 033 44 302 45 46 47 48 183 209 235 261 95 96 S7 98 486 512 538 564 45 46 47 48 778 804 830 856 95 96 97 98 059 084 109 135 45 46 47 1 48 328 353 379 404 49 287 yy 590 49 881 99 160 49 429 1219 TABLE LXXVIIIn. continued. Specific Gravity at 15 C. Weight of Extract per cent. Specific Gravity at 15 C. Weight of Extract per cent. Specific Gravity at 15 C. Weight of Extract per cent. Specific Gravitv at 15 0. Weight of Extract per cent. Specific Weight of Gravity Extract at 15 C. | per cent. 1-0250 6-455 1-0310 7-965 1-0370 9-458 1-0430 10-936 1-0490 12-400 51 480 11 990 71 483 31 961 91 425 52 505 12 8-015 72 507 32 985 92 449 53 530 13 040 73 532 33 11-010 93 473 54 556 14 065 74 557 34 034 94 497 55 581 15 090 75 582 35 059 95 522 56 606 16 115 76 606 36 083 96 546 57 631 17 140 77 631 37 108 97 570 58 657 18 165 78 656 38 132 98 595 59 682 19 190 79 681 39 .157 99 619 1-0260 707 1-0320 214 1-0380 705 1-0440 181 1-0500 643 61 732 21 239 81 730 41 205 01 668 62 758 22 264 82 755 42 230 02 692 63 783 23 289 83 780 43 254 03 716 64 808 24 314 84 804 44 279 04 740 65 833 25 339 85 829 45 303 05 765 66 859 26 364 86 854 46 328 06 789 67 884 27 389 87 879 47 352 07 813 68 909 28 414 88 903 48 377 08 837 69 934 29 439 89 928 49 401 09 862 1-0270 960 1-0330 464 1-0390 953 1-0450 426 1-0510 886 71 985 31 489 91 978 51 450 11 910 72 7-010 32 514 92 10-002 52 474 12 935 73 035 33 539 93 027 53 499 13 959 74 060 34 564 94 052 54 523 14 983 75 085 35 589 95 076 55 548 15 13-007 76 111 36 613 96 101 56 572 16 031 77 136 37 638 97 125 57 597 17 056 78 161 38 663 98 150 58 621 18 080 79 186 39 688 99 174 59 646 19 j 104 1-0280 211 1-0340 713 1-0400 199 1-0460 670 1-0520 1 128 81 236 41 738 01 224 61 694 21 152 82 261 42 763 02 248 62 719 22 176 83 286 43 788 03 273 63 743 23 200 84 311 44 813 04 297 64 768 24 224 85 337 45 838 05 322 65 792 25 ; 248 86 362 46 863 06 . 346 66 817 26 272 87 387 47 838 07 371 67 841 27 296 88 412 48 913 08 396 68 866 28 ! 321 89 437 49 938 09 420 69 890 29 345 1-0290 462 1-0350 963 1-0410 445 1-0470 915 1-0530 369 91 487 51 987 11 469 71 939 31 393 92 512 52 9-012 12 494 72 963 32 417 93 538 53 037 13 518 73 988 33 441 94 563 54 062 14 543 74 12-012 34 465 95 588 55 087 15 568 75 037 35 489 96 613 56 111 16 592 76 061 36 513 97 638 57 136 17 617 77 085 37 537 98 663 58 161 18 641 78 109 38 561 99 688 59 185 19 666 79 134 39 586 1-0300 713 1-0360 210 1-0420 690 1-0480 158 1-0540 610 01 739 61 235 21 715 81 182 41 634 02 764 62 i 260 22 1 740 82 206 42 658 03 789 63 285 23 764 83 231 43 682 04 814 64 309 24 789 84 255 44 706 05 839 65 334 25 813 85 279 45 730 06 864 66 359 26 838 86 304 46 754 07 889 67 384 27 862 87 328 47 778 08 914 68 408 28 887 88 352 48 802 09 940 69 433 29 902 89 376 49 827 1220 TABLE LXXVIIIn. continued. Specific Weight of Gravity Extract at 15C. percent. Specific Gravity at 16 C. Weight of Extract per cent. Specific Gravity at!5C. Weight of Extract per cent. Specific Gravity at 15 C. 'Weight ol Extract per cent. Specific Gravity at 15 C. Weight of Extract per cent. 1-0550 13-851 1-0600 15-048 1 -0650 16-234 1-0700 17-411 1-0750 18-581 51 875 01 071 51 257 01 434 51 604 52 899 02 095 52 281 02 458 52 627 ' 53 923 03 119 53 304 03 481 53 651 54 947 04 143 54 328 04 505 54 674 55 971 05 | 166 55 352 05 528 55 697 56 995 06 190 56 375 06 552 56 720 57 14-019 07 214 57 399 07 575 57 743 58 043 08 238 58 422 08 599 58 767 59 067 09 261 59 ! 446 09 622 59 790 1-0560 091 1-0610 285 1-0660 470 : 1-0710 646 1-0760 814 61 115 11 309 61 493 11 669 61 837 62 139 12 333 62 517 12 693 62 , 860 63 163 13 356 63 540 13 716 63 884 64 187 14 380 64 564 14 740 64 907 65 211 15 404 65 587 15 763 65 i 930 66 235 16 428 66 611 16 787 66 : 954 67 258 17 451 67 635 17 810 67 977 68 282 18 475 68 658 18 834 68 19*000 69 306 19 499 69 682 : 19 857 69 023 1-0570 330 1-0620 523 1-0670 705 1-0720 880 1-0770 046 71 354 21 546 71 729 21 904 72 378 22 570 72 752 22 927 73 402 23 594 73 776 23 951 74 426 24 618 74 800 24 974 75 450 25 641 75 823 25 998 76 474 26 665 76 847 26 18-021 77 498 27 689 77 870 i 27 044 78 522 28 713 78 894 28 068 79 546 29 737 79 918 29 091 1-0580 569 1-0630 760 1-0680 941 1-0730 114 81 593 31 784 81 965 31 138 82 617 32 808 82 988 32 161 83 641 33 832 83 17-012 33 184 84 665 34 855 84 035 34 208 85 689 35 879 85 059 35 231 86 713 36 903 186 082 36 254 87 737 37 926 87 106 37 278 88 761 38 950 88 129 38 301 89 785 39 974 89 153 39 324 1 -0590 809 1-0640 998 1-0690 176 1-0740 328 91 833 41 16-021 91 200 41 371 92 857 42 045 92 223 42 394 93 881 43 069 93 247 43 417 94 904 44 092 94 270 44 441 95 928 45 116 95 294 45 464 96 952 46 139 1 96 ' 317 46 487 97 976 47 163 97 341 47 511 98 15-000 48 186 98 ! 364 48 534 99 024 49 210 99 388 49 557 1221 SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. The relative values of metric and imperial units are now legally fixed by " Orders in Council," and Regulations issued by the Board of Trade. These are based on careful com- parisons of the standard yard, standard metre, etc., and they differ considerably from the older determinations on which the tables on pages 48-53 of Vol. I. were based. The following are extracted from the Regulations of the Board of Trade, dated March 1907: "The Metre is the length, at the temperature of C., of the iridio-platinum bar, numbered 16, deposited with the Board of Trade." "The Kilogram is represented by the iridio-platinum weight, numbered 18, deposited with the Board of Trade." " The Litre is represented by the capacity at C. of the cylindrical brass measure, marked ' Litre, 1897 ' (which is deposited with the Board of Trade)." "The Yard is the length at 62 Fahr., marked on a bronze bar deposited with the Board of Trade." "The Pound is the weight of a piece of platinum weighed in vacuo at C., which is deposited with the Board of Trade." "The Gallon contains 10 Ibs. weight of distilled water weighed in air against brass weights, with the water and the air at the temperature of 62 Fahr., the barometer being at 30 inches." The fundamental equivalents are given as follows : 1 Metre (m.) =39*370113 inches. 1 Kilogramme =15432-3564 grains. 1 Gallon =4-5459631 litres. From these legalised equivalents the following tables have been carefully calculated : LINEAR MEASURES. Imperial Linear Measures. Equivalent in Metres. Log. of Equivalent. 1 inch. .... 0-025400 2-4048333 1 foot, 12 ins., . 304800 T-4840146 1 yard, 3 ft., . 914399 T-9611358 1 pole, 5J yds., 5-029196 0-7014985 1 furlong, 40 pis., 201-167825 2-3035585 1 mile, 8 fs., 1609-342600 3-2066485 1 link, 7-92 ins., 0-201168 T-3035585 1 chain, 100 links, . 20-116782 1-3035585 VOL. II. 4 I 1222 Metric Linear Measures. Equivalent in Imperial Units. Log. of Equivalent. 1 millimetre, 0-039370 in. 2-5951667 1 centimetre, 393701 1-5951667 1 metre, . 39-370113 1-5951667 3-28084275 ft. 0-5159854 ,, . . 1-09361425 yds. 0*0388642 1 kilometre, 1093-61425 yds. 3*0388642 " 0-62137173 mile 1-7933515 SUPERFICIAL MEASURES. Imperial Superficial Measures. 1 square inch, . 1 square foot, 144 sq. ins., 1 square yard, 9 sq. ft., 1 acre, 4840 sq. yds., >> 1 square chain, . 1 square mile, 640 acres, >j ?> Equivalent in Imperial Units. 6-45158877 cm. 2 929-02878312 8361-25904806 4046-84937926 m. 2 40-46849379 ares 404-68493793 m. 2 4-04684938 ares 2589983-60272657 m. 2 25899-83602727 ares 258-99836027 hectares 2-58998360 km. 2 Log. of Equivalent. 0-8096667 2-9680292 3-9222717 3-6071170 1-6071170 2-6071170 0-6071170 6-4132970 4-4132970 2-4132970 0-4132970 Metric Superficial Measures. Equivalent in Imperial Units. Log. of Equivalent. square millimetre, . 0-001 5500 sq. in. 3-1903333 centimetre, . 1550006 T-1903333 decimetre, . 15-5000580 1-1903333 metre, 1550-0057976 3-1903333 )> > . 10-7639292 sq. ft. 1-0319708 *>>> 1-1959921 sq. yds. 0-0777283 are, . hectare, 1 square kilometre, . 119-5992128 2-4710581 acres 0-3861028 sq. m. 2-0777283 0-3928830 1-5867030 1223 CUBIC MEASURES. Imperial Cubic Measures. \ Equivalent in Metric Units. Log. of Equivalent. 1 cubic inch, . 1 cubic foot, 1728 in. 3 , 1 cubic yard, 27 ft. 3 , 16-38702122 cm. 3 28316-77266817 0-76455286 m. 3 1-2145000 4-4520438 1-8834075 Metric Cubic Measures. Equivalent in Imperial Units. Log. of Equivalent. 1 centimetre cube, 1 decimetre cube, 1 stere or metre cube, ?) - JJ J 0-06102390 c. in. 61-02390340 61023-90340346 35-31475891 c. ft. 1-30795403 c. yds. 5-7855000 1-7855000 4-7855000 1-5479562 0-1165925 MEASURES OF CAPACITY. Imperial Measures of Capacity. Equivalent in Metric Units. Log. of Equivalent. 1 gill, 5 fl. oz., . 0-1420613 litres T-1524759 pint, 4 gills, 20 fl. ozs. . 5682454 , T-7545359 1 gallon, 8 pints, 4-5459631 0-6576259 peck, 2 gals., 9-0919262 , 0-9586559 bushel, 4 pecks, 36-3677048 , 1-5607159 quarter, 8 bush., . 290-9416384 . 2-4638059 fluid ounce, . 2-8412269 centilitres 0-4535059 fluid drachm (60 minims), 3-5515337 millilitres 0-5504159 fluid scruple, . 1-1838446 0-0732947 minim, .... 0-0591922 2-7722647 1224 Metric Measures of Capacity. Equivalent in Imperial Units. Log. of Equivalent. I centilitre, 0-07039212 gills 2-8475241 1 decilitre, 0-70392124 1-8475241 1 litre, . 7-03921244 0-8475241 ,, .... 1-75980311 pints 0-2454641 .... 0-21997539 gal. 1-3423741 1 dekalitre, 17-59803110 pints 1-2454641 ,, ... 2-19975389 gals. 0-3423741 ,, ... 1-09987694 peck 0-0413441 1 hectolitre, 21 -99753887 gals. 1-3423741 ,, ... 2-74969236 bush. 0-4392841 MEASURES OF WEIGHT. Imperial Measures of Weight. Equivalent in Metric Units. Log. of Equivalent. 1 grain, .... 0-064799 grm. 2-8115678 1 dram (avoir.), 1-771845 0-2484258 1 ounce , 28-349527 1-4525458 1 pound , . 453-592427 2-6566658 1 stone , . 6-350294 kgms. 0-8027938 1 quarter , 12-700588 1-1038238 1 hundredweight , 50-802352 1-7058838 1 ton , . 1016-047037 3-0069138 >> 1-016047 tonnes 0-0069138 1 pennyweight (troy), 1*555174 grms. 0-1917790 1 scruple (apoth.), . 1-295978 0-1125978 1 drachm (,,),. 3-887935 0-5897190 1 ounce (troy and ap.), 31-103481 1-4928090 1 pound ( ), . 373-241769 2-5719903 Metric Measures of Weight. Equivalent in Imperial Units. Log. of Equivalent. 1 milligramme, 0-0154324 grain 2-1884322 1 centigramme, 1 decigramme, . 0-1543236 1-5432356 1-1884322 0-1884322 gramme, 1 dekagramme, 1 hectogramme, 1 kilogramme, . 15-4323564 5-6438332 dims, (av.) 3-5273957 oz. ( ) 15432-3564 grains 1-1884322 0-7515742 0-5474542 4-1884322 2-2046223 Ibs. 0-3433342 I myriagramme, 1 quintal, 22-0462234 1-9684128 cwt. 1-3433342 0-2941162 tonne 0-9842064 ton T-9930862 1225 VOLUME AND MASS OF WATBR. Recent investigations seem to indicate that the values accepted by the International Conference in 1900 (given on page 1183 ante) are slightly erroneous: the values now con- sidered most leliable are Mass of 1 cm. 3 of pure water at 4 C. = 0*999972 grm. Volume of 1 grm. of pure water at 4 C. = 1-000028 cm. 3 The following table has therefore to be substituted for Table XLlA., in the first volume of this work : Volume and Density of Water between - 10 C. and 100 C. Temperatures according to Standard Mercury Thermometer. The following table has been calculated on the assumption that the relative densities of water as given in Table XLlA. are fairly correct although the absolute densities are all wrong : Temperature. Weight of 1 cm. 3 in grms. Vol. of 1 grm. in cm.* Temperature. Weight of 1 cm. 3 in grms. Vol. of 1 grm. in cm. s - 10 C. 0-99812 1-00189 20 C. 0-998224 1-001779 - 9 99840 00160 21 998014 001990 - 8 1 99866 00133 22 997793 002212 _ 7 99889 00111 23 997562 002444 - 6 99909 00091 24 997321 002686 - 5 99927 00073 25 997062 002939 - 4 99942 00058 26 996809 003201 - 3 , 99955 00045 27 996539 003473 - 2 99967 00034 28 996260 003754 - 1 99976 00024 29 995973 004044 999846 000155 30 995677 004342 + 1 999902 000099 31 995373 004649 2 999942 000058 32 995059 004965 3 999963 000035 33 994737 005290 4 999972 000028 34 994408 005623 5 999964 000036 35 994070 005964 6 999942 000058 36 99369 00635 7 999904 000096 37 99334 00670 8 999853 000147 38 99300 00705 9 999787 000213 39 99265 00740 10 999708 000293 40 99230 00776 11 999615 000386 41 99192 00814 12 999509 000492 42 99154 00853 13 999390 00061 1 43 99114 00894 14 999259 000742 44 99074 00935 15 999115 000885 45 99032 00977 16 998960 001041 46 98990 01021 17 998793 001209 47 98946 01065 18 998614 001388 48 98902 OHIO 19 998424 001578 49 98857 01157 1226 Volume and Density of Water continued. Temperature. Weight of 1 cm. 3 in gnus. Vol. of 1 grin. in cm. ;! Temperature. Weight of 1 cm. 3 in grins. Vol. of 1 gnn. in cm .3 50' C. 0-98810 1-01204 76 C. 0-97432 1-02635 51 98764 01252 77 97372 02699 52 98718 01299 78 97311 02764 53 98671 01347 79 97250 02828 54 98624 01396 80 97188 02893 55 98576 01445 81 97126 02959 56 98527 01495 82 97063 03025 57 98478 01545 83 97001 03092 58 98429 01596 84 96938 03159 59 98379 01648 85 96873 03227 60 98328 01700 86 96809 03296 61 98277 01753 87 96744 03366 62 98225 01807 88 96679 03435 63 98172 01862 89 96613 03506 64 98118 01918 90 96547 03577 65 98064 01974 91 96480 03648 66 98009 02031 92 96413 03721 67 97954 02089 93 96345 03793 68 97899 02146 94 96277 03867 60 97843 02204 95 96209 03941 70 97787 02263 96 96140 04015 71 97730 02323 97 96071 04090 72 97671 02384 98 96002 04165 73 97612 02446 99 95931 04241 74 97552 02509 100 95860 04318 75 97492 02572 Taking the legalised value for the metre ( = 39'370113 in.) we get : 1 foot cube = 28316-772668 cm. 3 and, taking the weight in vacuo at 4 C. of 1 cm. 3 of water to be 0-999972 grm., we get the weight of a foot cube of water in vacuo at 4 C. to be 28315-979799 grms. or 62-42604172 Ibs. avoirdupois. This gives the weight in vacuo at 62 F. of 1 foot cube of water as 62-3558124 Ibs. n air Et 62 R with the barometer at 62-288693 Ibs. very nearly. The volume of water which, weighed against brass weights in air at 62 F. under a " 1 ' 68811 ' 6 3 inCheS (iCe ' COld) ' haS in L ndon an a PP ftrenfc wei S ht of 10 lbs "> 277-4179 cubic inches 1227 With a barometric pressure of 30 inches of mercury at 62 F. the volume would be as nearly as possible 277'4202 cubic inches. A cubic inch of water at 4 C. in vacuo weighs 252-88327 grains. By these enactments all metric standards become empirical, and the ideal connection between the metre, litre, and gramme disappears: an imperial litre is practically 1000*16 cm. 3 For practical purposes we may still assume that 1 litre = 1 decimetre cube, and that 1 litre of water at 4 C. weighs 1 kilogramme. Accepting 0'806286 as the specific gravity of absolute alcohol, 0/4 C. (see page 1184), we get the Mass of 1 cm. 3 of Absolute Alcohol at C. =0-80626342 grms. Mass of 1 cubic inch of Absolute Alcohol at 32 F. = 203'896241 grains. Taking the most probable meaning of the legal definition of a 'gallon i.e. that "at the temperature of 62 F., the barometer being at 30 inches," means at 30 inches of mercury at 62 F. and not 30 inches of ice-cold mercury we get the Capacity of the Imperial Gallon = 277*4202 cubic inches, and 277 '4202 cubic inches of ice-cold absolute alcohol would weigh 56564-936 grains. 8-080705 Ibs. avoirdupois. INDEX. Method: Where a table is devoted to one or two substances only, it is indexed under the substances and also under properties tabulated (viz. " Boiling Point " "Solubility," or such) ; where, however, table includes a large number of substances, it is indexed under property, and, where possible, the substances are grouped (viz. " Nitrates," " Acids, inorganic "). For greater convenience, volume is indicated before page number. ABSOLUTE scale, melting points of elements on, i. 382. Absorption of gases by various liquids and solutions, ii. 1007. by water, coefficients of, ii. 998. under pressure, ii. 1000. Acetates, boiling points of various solutions of, ii. 810. specific gravity of various solutions of. ii. 921-924. Acetic acid, specific gravity and density of, ii. 870. vapour density of, i. 442. viscosity of, ii. 648. Acetone, capillarity constants of, ii. 714, 718. vapour tension of, i. 512. Acids, boiling points under pressure, i. 522. capillarity of solutions of fatty, ii. 764. inorganic, viscosities of, ii. 648. organic, capillarity of, ii. 765. specific gravity of various, ii. 829-875. titration of, ii. 1106. Air, diffusion of various vapours into, ii. 663. solubility of, in water, ii. 993. velocity of sound in, ii. 572. volume of, at various pressures, i. 431, 449. weights and pressures at various tempera- tures, i. 341. weights in, reduction to those in vacuum, i. 358. of dry normal, i. 291 et scq. in U.K., U.S.A., and Colonies, i. 309. Alcohol, and ether, specific gravity of mixtures of, ii. 1189. boiling points of, i. 523. capillarity of, ii. 714, 718, 764. conversion of weights to volumes, ii. 1182. dilution of (by volume), ii. 1169. expansion of, i. 169. coefficients of, i. 162. mass and volume of, ii. 1183 ct seq. solubility of substances in, ii. 962, 1007. Alcohol, specific gravity of, ii. 1171-1193. surface tension of, ii. 725, 728. vapour density of, i. 441-443, 484. tension of, i. 478-487. viscosity of, ii. 636, 650, 651. volume and density of, ii. 1187. volume percentage ef solutions, ii. 1166. Alcoholimeters, specific gravities correspond- ing to readings on, i. 228. Alcoholimetry, ii. 1164. Algebraical formulae, i. 1. Alkaline solutions, speciHc gravity of various, ii. 814-829. Alkaloids, estimation of some isolated, ii. 1108. Alloys, expansion of, i. 142, 149. melting point of, i. 130, 393. specific heats of, i. 183. velocity of sound in, ii. 571. Ammonia as a solvent, ii. 981. solubility of, in water, ii. 1002. Amyl butyrate, vapour tension of, i. 500. formate, vapour tension of, i. 496. isobutyrate, vapour tension of, i. 501. proprionate, vapour tension of, i. 499. Analysis (inorganic estimations), ii. 1089. (organic estimations), ii. 1099. of phosphates, ii. 1123. of sulphur compounds, ii. 1120. table for computing results of, ii. 1041. volumetric, ii. 1063. Angular measure, i. 49. Aqueous solutions, boiling points and con- centration of, ii. 802 et seq. capillarity constants for, ii. 766, 770. of alcohol, volume percentage of. ii. 1166. specific gravity of, ii. 1171 et scq. vapour, pressure of, i. 329. tension of, i. 332. volume of, at various pressures, i. 436. Areas of circles, i. 28. 1228 1229 Arithmetical formulae, i. 1. Assay table, ii. 1126. of gold, ii. 1129 etseq. Avogadro's Law, ii. 550. BAROMETRIC columns of glycerol, i. 265. mercury, brass scale, i. 256. glass scale, i. 248. length at sea-level, i. 273. heights, pressure in degrees per sq. cm., i. 266. liquids, comparison of, i. 231. readings, i. 229. brass scale, reduction to C., i. 237, 239, 244. conversions to atmospheres, i. 276. corrections for, i. 233. glass scale, reduction to O 8 C., i. 236, 238, 240. reduction for latitude, i. 274. sea-level, i. 272. Beams, strength of, i. 71. Benzol, capillarity constants of, ii. 714, 718. surface tension of, ii. 725, 728. vapour tension of, i. 506. Bessemer steel, limit of elasticity, etc. , i. 87. Bismuth, vapour tension of, i. 472. Boiling points, and vapour tensions, i. 451. of glycerol, ii. 813. of acetates, ii. 810. of acids under pressure, i. 522. of alcohol under pressure, i. 523. of borates, ii. 810. of bromine, i. 471. of carbonates, ii. 811. of chlorides, ii. 802. of elements, i. 407. of hydrogen oxalate, etc., ii. 812. of hydroxides, ii. 813. of inorganic compounds, i. 408. of iodine, i. 471. of nitrates, ii. 806. of phosphates, ii. 810. of sulphates, ii. 809. of sulphuric acid, ii. 859. of tartrates, ii. 811. of thiosulphates, ii. 810. of water, under pressure, i. 455. Borates, boiling points of solutions of, ii. 810. Boron trichloride, vapour tension of, i. 473. Boyle's Law, ii. 550. Brass tubes, table of weights of, i. 109. Breaking stress of Bessemer steel, i. 87. Bromates, solubility of, ii. 931. specific gravity of solutions of, ii. 901. Bromides, estimation of, by replacement of bromine with chlorine, ii. 1145. solubility of, ii. 929, 939, 989, 991. specific gravity of solutions of, ii. 889. Bromine, boiling points of, i. 471. viscosity of, ii. 637. Butyric acid, boiling points of, i. 522. vapour tension of, i. 493. CADMIUM, vapour tension of, i. 472. Calcium carbonate, estimation of, in mixture with strontium carbonate, ii. 1136. with barium carbonate, ii. 1138. Calorie, determination of, Rowland, i. 177. Calorimetric units, i. 175. Calorimetry, i. 170. Cane sugar, solubility of, ii. 991. specific gravity of solutions, ii. 1199. Camphor, vapour tension of, i. 513. Capacity, measures of, i. 51. of glass bulb, calculation for various tem- peratures, i. 369. of glass vessels, i. 360. Capillarity and surface tension, ii. 708. constants of acids, aq. sol. of fatty, ii. 764. alcohols, aq. sol. of, ii. 764. liquids, table of various, ii. 733. solutions, tables of various, ii. 756, 766, 770. water, alcohol, benzol, acetane, ether, etc., ii. 714-718. Capillarity of organic acids, ii. 765. of various substances, table of, ii. 765. Capillary moduli, ii. 757. Carbon dioxide, diffusion of vapours into, ii. 663. volumes of, at various pressures, i. 432, 448. weight of, i. 317. of saturated, i. 354. Carbon disulphide, capillarity constants of, ii. 714-718. vapour tension of, i. 476. vapour, volume of, under pressure, i. 437. tetrachloride, vapour tension of, i. 474. Carbonates, boiling points of solutions of, ii. 811. mixed, calculation of percentage composi- tion, ii. 1158. solubility of, ii. 933, 948, 952, 958, 976. Cast-iron tubes, table of weights, i. 113, 114. Caustic potash solutions, specific gravity of, ii. 821 et seq. soda solutions, specific gravity of, ii. 817 et seq. Centigrade scale, conversion to Reaumur and Fahrenheit, L 121. Chemical constitution and surface tension, ii. 795. structure and viscosity, ii. 652. Chinolin, vapour tension of, i. 512. Chlorates, solubility in alcohol, ii. 965. in water, ii. 931. specific gravity of solutions of, ii. 900. Chlor-ethanes, vapour tension of, i. 504. Chlorides, boiling points and concentration of, ii. 802. mixtures of, percentage composition of, ii. 1161. solubility of, in alcohol, ii. 966, 967. in ammonia, ii. 981. in hydrochloric acid, ii. 969-971 in water, ii. 928, 939, 956, 974-980, 982-984, 989, 991. 1230 Chlorides, specific gravity of solutions of, ii. 875 et seq. Chlorine, weights of, under pressure, i. 316. Chloroform, vapour tension of, i. 502. Circles, areas of, i. 28. circumferences of, i. 28. Citrene, vapour tension of, i. 508. Columns, table of weights of, i. 101. Common logarithms, i. 33. Compounds, inorganic, boiling points of, i. 384. expansion of solid, i. 142. expansion of solutions of, i. 149. melting points of, i. 408. organic, expansion of liquid, i. 150. solutions and mixtures, i. 204. specific heats of solid, i. 196. volumetric estimations of, ii. 1109. solubilities of various, ii. 928. Compressibility, coefficients of, i. 88. interpolation formulae for, i. 95. of ether, i. 97. of solutions, ii. 786. of water, i. 95. Concentration and boiling points of solutions. See under Boiling points. Conversion tables, pressures, metric and English, i. 72. Copper tubes, table of weights of, i. 109-111. wire, table of weights of, i. 101. Cosecants, table of, i. 57. Cosines, table of, i. 57. Cotangents, table of, i. 57. Critical temperatures, i. 544. Cryoscopic method for determination of mole- cular weights, ii. 1106. tables of constants, ii. 1018. Crystals, expansion of, i. 163. Cube root, i. 28. Cubes, table of, i. 28. Cyanogen chloride, vapour tension of, i. 475. DENSITIES and specific gravities, i. 220. of absolute alcohol, ii. 1187 et seq. of hydrochloric acid solutions, ii. 829 ctseq. of salt solutions, i. 168. of various gases, i. 312. of various solutions, ii. 786. of water, i. 166, 212. Dibenzyl ketone, vapour tension of, i. 513. Differentials, i. 9. Diffusion of gases, ii. 659. into one another, ii. 662. variation with temperature, ii. 665. of rapours into air : hydrogen and carbon dioxide, ii. 663. Dissociation constants, i. 18. SIGN of gases, ii. 659. Elasticity, i. 70. constants for solids, i. 74. limit of, for Bessemer steel, i. 87. and torsion moduli for iron and steel i. 86. Elementary bodies, specific heats of, i. 183. Elements, boiling points of, i. 407. melting points of, i. 380, 382. Energy, data concerning, i. 65. Ether and alcohol, specific gravity of mixtures, ii. 1189. Ether, capillarity constants of, ii. 714, 718. compressibility of, i. 97. specific volume, mass and vapour density of, i. 489. surface tension of, ii. 725, 728. vapour, densities of, under pressure, i. 440. volumes under pressure, i. 439. Ethyl acetate, liquid, corresponding densities of, and its saturated vapour, i. 497. vapour tension of, i. 497. alcohol, vapour tension of, i. 481. bromide, vapour tension of, i. 504. butyrate, vapour tension of, i. 499. chloride, vapour tension of, i. 503. ether, vapour tension of, i. 448. formate, vapour tension of, i. 495. iodide, vapour tension of, i. 504. isobutyrate, vapour tension of, i. 500. proprionate, vapour tension of, i. 498. valerate, vapour tension of, i. 501. Ethylene bromide, vapour tension of, i. 505. volumes under pressure, i. 439, 449. Expansion of alcohol, i. 162, 169. of alloys, i. 142. of coefficients of lineal, i. 139. of crystals, i. 163. of gaseous bodies, i. 141. of liquid bodies, i. 140, 149. of mercury, i. 169. of organic compounds, i. 150. of salt solutions, i. 161. of solid bodies, i. 136, 142. of water, i. 167. FAHRENHEIT scale, conversion to Reaumur and centigrade, i. 121. Flexure, laws of, i. 71. Flow of liquids, time of, ii. 658. Fluorides, specific gravity of, solutions of, ii. 865. Force, data concerning, i. 65. Formic acid, boiling points, i. 522. vapour tension of, i. 490. Freezing point of sulphuric acid, ii. 859. Friction, i. 67. coefficients, i. 68. Fusion, latent heat of, i. 398. GASEITY, energy of, i. 414. Gaseous volumes, calculation of, i. 313. reduction of, i. 340. under pressure, i. 344. Gases, absorption of, in alcohol, ii. 1007, 1013. in water, coefficients of, ii. 996, 998. under pressure, ii. 1000. in various liquids, ii. 1007 et seq. and vapours, i. 425. comparison of molecular heats of, i. 537. specific heats of, i. 526. densities of various, i. 312. 1231 Gases, diffusion of, into one another, ii. 662. variation with temperature, ii. 665. effusion and diffusion of, ii. 659. liquefied, surface tension of, ii. 781. mean free path, ii. 666. moist, i. 328. molecular dimensions, ii. 666. solubility of, in water, ii. 993, 1013. specific gravities of, i. 361. thermal constants of, i. 278. viscosity of, ii. 576. variation of, with temperature, ii. 582. volume, pressure and temperature, ii. 553. weight of 1 litre of various, i. 307. Geometrical formulae, i. 54. Girders, strength of, i. 71. Glass bulb, calculation of capacity, i. 369, 372. vessels, capacity of, i. 360, 370. Glycerin solutions, specific gravity of, ii. 1194-1198. Glycerol, boiling points of solutions of, ii. 813. vapour tension of, i. 512, ii. 813. Gold assay table, ii. 1129 et seq. Gravitation, i. 66. HARMONICS, i. 3. Heat, mechanical, equivalent of, i. 175. Hydrochloric acid as a solvent, ii. 968 et seq. solutions, density of, ii. 829 et seq. specific gravity of, ii. 831. influence of temperature of, ii. 833. Hydrogen, diffusion of vapours into, ii. 663. oxalate, tartrate, etc., boiling points, ii. 812. volumes at various pressures, i. 427, 447, 449. at various temperatures, i. 374. weight in U.K., U.S.A., and the Colonies, -i. 309. in foreign countries, i. 310. Hydrometers, i. 223. comparison of Twaddell and Baume scales, i. 226. Hydrometric readings, and specific gravities, i. 224. Hydroxides, boiling points of solutions of, ii. 813. solubility of various, ii. 932. Hyperbolic logarithms, i. 44. INDICATORS (titration), ii. 1106. Inorganic compounds, boiling point of, i. 408. melting point of, i. 383. volumetric estimations, ii. 1089. Integrals, i. 10. Interpolation, i. 4. formulas for calculating coefficients of com- pressibility, i. 95. lodates, solubility of, ii. 931. specific gravity of solutions of. ii. 901. Iodides, estimation of, by replacement of iodine by bromine, ii. 1147. by chlorine, ii. 1149. Iodides, solubility of various, ii. 929, 940, 942 956, 989. specific gravity of, ii. 890. Iodine, boiling points and vapour tension of, i. 471. Iron, elasticity and torsion moduli, i. 86. tubes, cast, weight of, i. 113, 114. wrought, weight of, i. 112. Iso-amylene, vapour tension of, i. 506. Iso-butyric acid, boiling points of, i. 522. vapour tension of, i. 493. Iso-valerianic acid, vapour tension of, i. 494. Isobutyl acelate, vapour tension of, i. 497. butyrate, vapour tension of, i. 500. formate, vapour tension of, i. 496. isobutyrate, vapour tension of, i. 500. proprionate, vapour tension of, i. 499. valerate, vapour tension of, i. 501. Isovaleric acid, i. 522. KINETIC theory of gases, ii. 549. LATENT heat of fusion, i. 398. relations between, and pressure and temperature, i. 403. of vaporisation, i. 414. Lead pipes, table of weights, i. 108. Linear measure, English, and metric, i. 49. Liquefied gases, surface tension of, ii. 781. Liquid and gaseous states, molecular volumes in, ii. 689. Liquidity, energy of, i. 398. Liquids and vapours, mutual relations of, i. 524. capillarity constants of various, ii. 733. mixed, viscosity of, ii. 610. molecular volume of, ii. 684. surface tension between two, ii. 773. time of flow of unit volume of, ii. 658. velocity of sound in, ii. 568. viscosity of, ii. 585. Logarithmic formulae, i. 46. Logarithms, common, i. 33. comparison of common and hyperbolic, i. 47. hyperbolic, i. 44. MAGNESIUM chloride as a solvent, ii. 980. Marsh gas, volumes at various pressures, i. 448. Materials, strength and elasticity of, i. 70. Measures, weights, etc., i. 48, ii. 1221. Mechanical equivalent of heat, i. 175. Mechanics, i. 64. Melting points of alloys, i. 393. of compounds, inorganic, i. 384. of elements, ii. 380. of metals, i. 383, 393. of mixtures, i. 392. of salts corresponding to some organic acids, i. 391. Mercury, barometric columns of, i. 248, 256. at sea-level, i. 273. 1232 Mercury, density and volume of, i. 218. expansion of, i. 169. specific heat of, i. 209. vapour tension of, i. 469. Metal plates and sheets, weights of, i. 99. calculation from specific gravity, i. 100. pipes, weights of, i. 108-114. factors for calculation of, i. 115. Metals, assay table, ii. 1126. fused, surface tension of ii. 776. specific heats of, i. 183. torsion moduli, i. 88. velocity of sound in, ii. 571. Methyl acetate, vapour tension of, i. 496. densities of liquid, and its saturated vapour, i. 496. butyrate, vapour tension of, i. 499. formate, vapour tension of, i. 494. isobutyrate, vapour tension of, i. 500. oxalate, vapour tension of, i. 502. proprionate, vapour tension of, i. 498. densities of liquid, and its saturated vapours, i. 498. salicylate, vapour tension of, i. 502. valerate, vapour tension of, i. 501. Minerals, specific heats of, i. 186. Mixtures, melting points of, i. 392. Molecular dimensions in gases, ii. 666. relations between, and surface tension, ii. 788. dynamics, ii. 549. mean free path, ii. 666. speeds, methods of calculation, ii. 557. tables of, ii. 559, 560. volumes of liquids, ii. 684. weights, methods of determination : cryoscopic, ii. 1016. distillation of mixed liquids, ii. 1039. vapour tension and boiling point, ii. 1028. Monobrom-naphthalene, vapour tension of, i. 511. NATURAL sines, tangents, etc., i. 57. Nitrates, boiling points of, ii. 806. solubility of, in alcohol, ii. 964, 966, 967. in hydrochloric acid, ii. 973. in water, ii. 930, 942, 944, 956, 974, 977, 981-984, 989, 991. specific gravity of, ii. 837 ct seq. Nitric acid, solubility of calcium phosphate in, ii. 974. tic gravity of, ii. 837 et seq. Nitrogen, volumes of, at various pressures, i. 429, 448, 449. corresponding with various weights, ii. 1163. weight of saturated gas under pressure i 350. underpressure, i. 315. weights of various substances corresponding with given weights of, ii. 1162. with given volumes of, ii. 1163. Nitro- substitution compounds, vapour tension of, i. 511. Numbers and their reciprocals, i. 41. Organic compounds, liquid, expansion of, i. 150. solid, specific heats of, i. 197. solutions and mixtures, specific heats of, i. 204. substances containing nitrogen, estimation of, ii. 1102. volumetric analysis, ii. 1099. Oxides, solubility in water, ii. 932. Oxygen, volumes at various temperatures, i. 429. weight in U.K., U.S.A., and Colonies, i. 309. in foreign countries, i. 310. weight of, under various pressures, i. 314. IT, multiples, etc. of, i. 56. Phosphates, analysis of, ii. 1123. boiling points of, ii. 810. solubilities of, in water, ii. 936. Phosphorus trichloride, vapour tension of, i. 473. Photometry, i. 26. Pipes, lead", weights of, i. 108. Plates, weights of metal, table of, i. 99. calculation of, from specific gravity, i. 100. Poiseuille's equation (viscosity), ii. 632. Potassium carbonate, specific gravity of solu- tions of, ii. 827. surface tension of, ii. 762. chlorate, boiling points and concentration, ii. 806. chloride, specific gravity of solutions of, ii. 877, 878. surface tension of, ii. 762. iodide, boiling points and concentration of solutions of, ii. 806. Potatoes, starch in, ii. 1 203. Pressure of aqueous vapour, i. 329. solubility, and temperature, relations between, ii. 987. standards, corresponding value of various, i. 230. temperature, and latent heat of fusion, relations between, i. 403. volume, and temperature of gases, relation between, ii. 553. Pressures, conversion tables, i. 72. Prinsep's alloys, melting points of, i. 130. Proprionic acid, boiling points under pressure, i. 522. vapour tension of, i. 492. Propyl acetate, vapour tension of, i. 497. alcohol, vapour tension of, i. 442. butyrate, vapour tension of, i. 449. formate, vapour tension of, i. 496. iodides, vapour tension of, i. 505. isobutyrate, vapour tension of, i. 500. proprionate, vapour tension of, i. 499. valerate, vapour tension of, i. 501. Prussian or Rhenish inches, equiv. in mm. , i. 230. Pyrometers, Le Chatelier, i. 133 et seq. St Jacques, i. 132. Pyrometry, i. 130 et seq. 1233 REAUMUR scale conversion to Fahrenheit and centigrade, i. 121. Reciprocals, i. 12. Refraction indices, i. 27. Rods and columns, table of weights, i. 101. SALT solutions, density of, i. 168. expansion of, i. 161. Secants, table of, i. 57. Sheet metal, calculation of weight from specific gravity, i. 100. table of weight of, i. 99. Silicon tetrachloride, vapour tension and specific volume of, i. 475. Silver, estimation of, in mixtures of silver salts ii. 1142 etaeq. Slotte's equation (viscosity), ii. 626. Sodium carbonate solutions, specific gravity of, ii. 824 et seq. surface tension of, ii. 763. estimation of, in mixture with potassium carbonate, ii. 1133. chloride, estimation of, in mixture with potassium chloride, ii. 1141. surface tension of, ii. 761. sulphate, estimation of, in mixture with potassium sulphide, ii. 1153. thiosulphate, estimation of, in mixture with sodium sulphide, ii. 1151. Solids, surface tension of, ii. 800. velocity of sound in, ii. 569, 571. in metals, ii. 570. in alloys, ii. 570. in various solids, ii. 569. Solubility of acids in water, ii. 961. of bromides in water, ii. 929, 939, 989, 991. of carbonates in water, ii. 933, 948, 952, 976, 990. of chlorates in alcohol, ii. 964. in water, ii. 931, 961. of chlorides in alcohol, ii. 966, 967. in ammonia, ii. 981. in hydrochloric acid, ii. 969, 970, 971. in water, ii. 928, 937, 939, 940, 958, 974- 978, 980, 982-984, 989, 991. of compounds at various temperatures, ii. 928 et seq. of gases in water, ii. 993 et seq. of iodates in water, ii. 931. of iodides in water, ii. 929, 940, 942, 956, 961, 989, 991. of mixed substances in mixed solvents, ii. 968. of nitrates in alcohol, ii. 964, 966, 967. in hydrochloric acid, ii. 973. in water, ii. 930, 940, 942, 944, 956, 974, 977, 978, 983, 984, 989. of oxides in water, ii. 932, 960. of phosphates in nitric acid, ii. 974. in water, ii, 936, 952. of substances in ethyl alcohol, ii. 962 ct seq. of sulphates in alcohol, ii. 968. in hydrochloric acid, ii. 972, 973. in water, ii. 934, 944, 948, 957, 958, 974- 980, 984, 989, 991. Solubility of tartrates in water, ii. 938. relations of, to pressure and temperature, ii. 987. Solutions, boiling points and concentration of, ii. 802. capillarity constants of, ii. 756, 766, 770. compressibility, etc. of, ii. 786. preparation of, of known strength, ii. 985. specific gravity of some, ii. 814 et seq. surface tension of some, ii. 761 et seq. viscosity of, ii. 610, variation of, with temperature, ii. 625. Sound, velocity of, in air, ii. 572. in liquids, ii. 568. in solids, ii. 569. waves, speed of, ii. 564. Specific gravities and densities, estimation of i. 220. and alcoholimetric readings, i. 228. and hydrometric readings, i. 224. gravity of solutions (various), ii. 814. of acetates, ii. 921-924. of acids, ii. 829-875. of alcohol, ii. 1190-1193, 1171-1179 and ether (mixtures of), 1189. of bromates, ii. 901. of bromides, ii. 889. of cane sugar, ii. 1199. of chlorates, ii. 900. of chlorides, ii. 875 et seq. of fluorides, ii. 865. of glycerin, ii. 1194-1198. of iodates, ii. 901. of iodides, ii. 890. of nitrates, ii. 892-900. of sulphates, ii. 902-916. of tartrates, ii. 925. heat, formulae relating to, i. 206. of alloys, metals, etc., i. 183. of gases and vapours, i. 526. of inorganic compounds, solid, i. 187. solutions, i. 191. of mercury, i. 209. of minerals, i. 186. of organic compounds, solid, i. 196. solutions, i. 204. of water, i. 178-182. volume and vapour, density of ethyl alcohol, i. 443. Spheres, volumes of, i. 28. Square root, i. 28. Squares, table of, i. 28. Stannic chloride, vapour tension and specific volume of, i. 475. Starch in potatoes, ii. 1203. water in, ii. 1204. Steel, elasticity and torsion moduli, i. 86. Strength of beams, girders, etc., i. 71. of materials, i. 70. Stresses, conversion tables, i. 72. Sugar, content of boiled extracts of grains, syrups, etc., ii. 1203. solutions, viscosity of, ii. 652. weight of, corresponding to weights of cupric oxide, ii. 1205. 1234 Sulphates, boiling points and concentration of, ii. 808. solubility of various, ii. 934, 944, 948, 957, 958, 974, 980, 984, 989, 991. specific gravity of, ii. 902-916. Sulphur compounds, analysis of, ii. 1120. vapour tension of, i. 471. Sulphuric acid, boiling, freezing, etc. points, ii. 859. percentage of sulphuric anhydride in, ii. 860. preparation of solutions of, ii. 861. specilic gravity of, ii. 843-858, 862. Superficial measure, i. 50. Surface tension and capillarity, ii. 708. and chemical constitution, ii. 795. and other physical properties, ii. 785 et seq. between two liquids, ii. 773. influence of temperature upon, ii. 748. table of liquids, ii. 750. of alcohol, water, ether, and Benzol, ii. 725. of fused metals, ii. 776. of liquefied gases, ii. 781. sodium chloride, ii. 761. solids, ii. 800. various solutions, ii. 761 et seq. TANGENTS, table of, i. 57. Tartrates, boiling points of, ii. 811. solubility of, ii. 938. specific gravity of, ii. 925. Temperature and expansion of bodies, i. 135 et seq. and pressure, and latent heat of fusion, i. 403. effect on diffusion of gases, ii. 665. on solubility and pressure, ii. 987 et seq. on solubility of various compounds, ii. 928. on specific gravity of hydrochloric acid, ii. 833. on surface tension, ii. 748. table of liquids, ii. 750. on viscosity of gases and vapours, ii. 682. ' on volume and pressure of gases, ii. 553. Temperatures, critical, i. 544. Thermal constants of gases, i. 278. Thermometers, comparison of air with alcohol i. 129. with mercury, i. 129. of hydrogen with others, i. 129. of mercury with air, i. 128. Thermometric corrections, i. 123-126. readings, conversion of mercurv to air i. 126. conversion tables, i. 117-120. correction of, i. 122. Thermometry, i. 116. Thiosulphates, boiling points of solutions of ii. 810. Time, measurement of, i. 48. Tit ration of acids, etc., ii. 1106. of basic substances, ii. 1107. Toluol, vapour tension of, i. 507. Torsion moduli and elasticity for iron and steel, i. 86. of metals at various temperatures, i. 88. Trigonometrical formulae, i. 61. Tubes, brass, weights of, i. 109. copper, weights of, i. 109, 110, 111. Turpentine, vapour tension of, i. 508. VACUUM, relation of weights in, to weights in air, i. 358. Vaporisation, latent heat of, i. 414. Vapour densities, i. 361. density of acetic acid, i. 442. of ethyl alcohol, i. 443. of methyl alcohol, i. 441. of propyl alcohol, i. 442. pressure of aqueous, i. 329. formulse for, of various substances, i. 514. tension and boiling point determination of molecular weights, ii. 1028 et seq. tensions and boiling points of various sub- stances, i. 451 et seq. Vapours and gases, comparison of molecular and atomic heats of, i. 537. specific heats of, i. 526. and liquids, mutual relations between, i. 524. diffusion of, into air, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide, ii. 663. viscosity of, ii. 576. variation of, with temperature, ii. 582. Viscosities, table of various substances, ii. 638. Viscosity and chemical structure, relations between, ii. b'52. of alcohol, 0-72, ii. 636; 0-60, ii. 651. of bromine, ii. 637. of ethylic alcohol, ii. 650. of gases and vapours, ii. 576. variation with temperature, ii. 582. of inorganic acids, ii. 648. of liquids, ii. 585. variation with temperature, ii. 624, 626. mixed liquids and solutions, ii. 610. sugar solutions 1 to 30 per cent., ii. 652. Poiseuille's equation, ii. 632. Slotte's equation, ii. 626. Volume and density of absolute alcohol, ii. 1187 etseq. measurement of, i. 51. ^ temperature, and pressure of gases, ii. 553. Volumes, calculation of gaseous, i. 318. under standard pressure, table of, 320. Volumetric analysis, ii. 1063. estimations, inorganic, ii. 1089. organic, ii. 1099, 1109. WATER, boiling points under pressure, i. 454. expansion of, i. 167. capillarity constants of, ii. 714, 718. compressibility of, i. 95. in starch, ii. 1204. maximum density of, i. 166. under pressure, i. 167. 1235 "Water, solubility of ammonia in, ii. 1002. of gases in, ii. 993 et seq. of various substances. See Solubility, specific heat of, i. 178-182. surface tension of, ii. 725, 728. viscosity of, ii. 635. vapour tension of, i. 453. volume and density of, i. 213-217, ii. 1225. weight of, i. 215. Water vapour, saturated, volume mass and pressure of, i. 462. weights and pressures of, i. 341. Weight, English measures of, i. 52. Weight, metric measures of, i. 53. Weights, measures, etc., i. 48, ii. 1221. Wire, copper, table of weights, i. 107. Wood spirit, specific gravity of, ii. 1190. Work, data concerning, i. 65. Wrought-iron tubes, weights of, L 107. XYLOL, vapour tension of, i. 508. ZINC, vapour tension of, i. 472. . chloride, specific gravity of, ii. 887. sulphate, surface tensions of solutions of, ii. 763. PRINTKI) BY NKILL AND CO., LTD, EDINBURGH. THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW AN INITIAL FINE OF 25 CENTS WILL BE ASSESSED FOR FAILURE TO RETURN THIS BOOK ON THE DATE DUE. THE PENALTY WILL INCREASE TO SO CENTS ON THE FOURTH DAY AND TO $t.OO ON THE SEVENTH DAY OVERDUE. MAR IS 1947 7t lAi. finr&7j KECO MAY 2 4 fflHi v *i LD 21-100m-12,'43 (8796s) ^iiyaicu-ui leraicai uaoiei J V. 6 1-15-29 BioloffY Liih J^ JOL SB 19 *** V * V &J LJ TM It m 6/^0x1942 V s~~- - ^ 229846 90 6 THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY