CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU 
 
 FERRY BUILDING, SAN FRANCISCO 
 :IER HAMILTON State Mineralogist 
 
 mcisco] PRELIMINARY REPORT No. 4 
 
 [March, 1918 
 
 \ingsten, Molybdenum 
 
 and 
 
 Vanadium 
 
 of California 
 n Regional 
 7 Facility 
 
 CALIFORNIA STATE PRINTING OFFICE 
 
 SACRAMENTO 
 
 1918
 
 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU 
 
 FERRY BUILDING, SAN FRANCISCO 
 FLETCHER HAMILTON St'ate Mineralogist 
 
 San Francisco] PRELIMINARY REPORT No. 4 [March, 1918 
 
 Tungsten, Molybdenum 
 
 and 
 
 Vanadium 
 
 COMPUMCNTS Of 
 
 FLETCHER HAMILTON 
 
 STATE MINERALOGIST 
 
 By 
 E. S. BOALICH 
 
 and 
 W. O. CASTELLO 
 
 CALIFORNIA STATE Pltl.NTIXG OFFICE 
 
 SACRAMENTO 
 
 1918
 
 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 LETTER OF TRANSMIT TAL 5 
 
 INTRODUCTION ^ 
 
 LETTER TO CONSUMERS AND BUYERS 7 
 
 CHAPTER I. TUNGSTEN 9 
 
 FOREWORD '. 9 
 
 PROPERTIES 9 
 
 ORES AND OCCURRENCE 9 
 
 USES 10 
 
 PRICES 11 
 
 TESTS 11 
 
 LIST OF DEPOSITS 12 
 
 LIST OF CONSUMERS 15 
 
 LETTERS FROM CONSUMERS 16 
 
 CHAPTER II. MOLYBDENUM 21 
 
 FOREWORD 21 
 
 ORES.. PROPERTIES AND TESTS 21 
 
 OCCURRENCE 21 
 
 USES 22 
 
 PRICES 22 
 
 LIST OF DEPOSITS 23 
 
 LIST OF CONSUMERS 23 
 
 LETTERS FROM CONSUMERS 24 
 
 CHAPTER III. VANADIUM 27 
 
 FOREWORD 27 
 
 PROPERTIES AND ORBS 27 
 
 GENERAL OCCURRENCE 28 
 
 USES 28 
 
 TESTS 28 
 
 PRICES 28 
 
 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS, CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU 29 
 
 DETERMINATION OF MINERAL SAMPLES 32 
 
 INDEX . 33
 
 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. 
 
 To Ills Excellency, the HONORABLE WILLIAM D. STEPHENS, 
 Governor of the State of California. 
 
 SIR : I have the honor to transmit herewith Preliminary Report No. 4 
 an Tungsten, Molybdenum, and Vanadium. 
 
 The information presented is brief and practical, and, it is believed, 
 will assist in the development, production and marketing of these sub- 
 stances, all of which are of rare occurrence in the United States, and 
 which are required in various industries where war supplies axe 
 manufactured. 
 
 Respectfully submitted, 
 
 FLETCHER HAMILTON, 
 
 State Mineralogist. 
 March 31, 1918.
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 This report has been prepared with the same ideas in mind which 
 prompted the publication of Preliminary Report No. 3, on Manganese 
 and Chrome in November, 1917, namely, to satisfy a demand for 
 immediate information concerning the minerals herein treated while a 
 more detailed report is being prepared, and field investigation is being 
 carried on. 
 
 In regard to freight rates on the ores and minerals dealt with in 
 this report, it may be stated that such rates are computed on both the 
 weight and value of the shipment. It is occasionally possible to effect a 
 saving by keeping the value per ton of ore below a certain limit. This 
 would, of course, have to be determined for each individual case, 
 depending upon the origin, destination, rate and grade of ore demanded 
 by the buyer. Freight tariffs for both carload and less than carload 
 lots, may be best obtained by consulting the nearest representative of 
 the company over whose lines the product is to be shipped. 
 
 Open freight on ores from California points to the Atlantic seaboard, 
 revised schedule, May 27, 1918. is 84|^ per 100 pounds in 40-ton lots. 
 To Chicago 69^. 
 
 As a means of assisting producers in marketing their ores a copy of 
 the following letter was addressed to consumers of the minerals con- 
 sidered in this report. Many replies were received and are printed 
 herewith, and the spirit of co-operation exhibited by the firms quoted is 
 sincerely appreciated. 
 
 LETTER TO CONSUMERS AND BUYERS. 
 
 ' ' Dear Sir : There is now in course of preparation by this Bureau, 
 for issue at an early date, a report upon California molybdenum, 
 tungsten and vanadium. In conformity with the times it is hoped 
 to present data, the major portion of which will be of assistance 
 in the utilization of our resources for the common good, rather 
 than of purely scientific interest. To this end I am planning to 
 include a complete directory of the owners or operators of all known 
 deposits in the state, with their addresses and the location of their 
 properties. It is equally desirable to include a complementary 
 directory of all the firms in the United States who are in the market 
 for these ores. The use of your name and such information on the
 
 ( \! IIDKMA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 four following points as it is compatible with your business policy 
 to furnish, will be appreciated in this connection. 
 
 1. Principal use made of the ore. 
 
 2. Specifications covering tenor of ore which will meet your 
 
 requirements. 
 
 3. Form of contract, if any, which you demand of producer. 
 
 4. Approximate amount of ore you expect to be in the market 
 
 for. 
 
 It is believed that the dissemination of information of this 
 character will benefit both the user and the producer, and you are 
 assured that your courtesy in complying with the above request 
 will be sincerely appreciated. 
 Yours very truly, 
 
 FLETCHER HAMILTON, 
 State Mineralogist."
 
 TUNGSTEN". MOLYBDENUM AND VANADIUM. 9 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 TUNGSTEN. 
 Foreword. 
 
 The production of tungsten has been stimulated by the war to as 
 great an extent, probably, as any other mineral. 
 
 The increase in California production has been phenomenal, as 
 shown by the following tabulation: 
 
 Year 
 
 Produc- 
 tion, tons 
 
 Value 
 
 1914- 
 
 
 $180,575 
 
 1915 . . 
 
 962 
 
 1,005,467 
 
 1916 _ ._ 
 
 2,270 
 
 4,571,521 
 
 1917 ... .. . .. 
 
 2,458 
 
 3,068,331 
 
 
 
 
 Previous to 1915 a single company produced almost all of Cali- 
 fornia's tungsten. Because of the high prices prevailing in the latter 
 part of 1915 and in 1916, prospecting was greatly stimulated and the 
 tungsten bearing areas in the southern part of the state in Kern and 
 San Bernardino counties were considerably extended. 
 
 The above recent production in Californa is more noticeable, in view 
 of the fact that before 1900 the total production in the United States 
 was insignificant, and for the ten years previous to 1915 the average 
 yearly value of the production in the United States was approximately 
 $520.000. In 1914, 990 tons of concentrates carrying 60 per cent of 
 tungsten trioxide (W0 3 ) valued at $435,000, was mined and sold in the 
 United States. In this year the Atolia field in the Mohave Desert in 
 California was the largest producer for the first time. In 1914 approxi- 
 mately one-third of the tungsten ore consumed in this country was 
 imported, principally from Queensland, Argentine and Portugal. 
 
 Properties. 
 
 Tungsten is a hard, heavy, tough metal. Hardness 4.5 to 8.0. 
 Specific gravity 19.3-20.2. It has a high melting point and for this 
 reason is obtained from its ores in the form of a powder. It is very 
 resistant to the action of the atmosphere and ordinary acids. It forms 
 alloys readily with other metals, and gives to steel hardness and the 
 property of holding its temper under high temperatures. 
 
 Ores and Occurrence. 
 
 The principal ores of tungsten are scheelite and wolframite. 
 
 Xrkeeliti (CaWO 4 ). Calcium tungstate. White, yellow, green or 
 l)ro wn mineral, with a vitreous or adamantine luster. Transparent or 
 translucent. Hardness 4.5 to 5.0. Gravity 6.0. In the borax bead it 
 i'u<-i-s with much difficulty to a transparent glass. The powdered min-
 
 10 MR>KXI\ 
 
 eral when boiled with hydrochloric acid (HC1) leaves a yellow r.-si.lu. <>l 
 tungsten oxide. 
 
 Scheelite is the principal ore of tungsten and is produced in the 
 -t quantities. 
 
 The Atolia and Randsburg districts in Kern and San Bernardino 
 counties are the largest producers in California, if not in the United 
 States. Here scheelite occurs in veins associated with gold hearing 
 quartz. 
 
 There are undeveloped deposits in Madera County, 12 miles north of 
 Raymond. It has been found in Inyo County near Bishop, and in parts 
 of Nevada County. 
 
 There are two known deposits in Fresno County, one 30 miles north- 
 west from Coalinga, and another near Trimmer. The latter is scheelite 
 with gold values. 
 
 Wolframite (FeMnWO 4 ) or (FeMn) O -f- W(X. Iron m.-ni^.-mcsr 
 timgstate. Color dark grayish black, luster sub-metallic or dull. 
 Hardness 5.0 to 5.5. Gravity 7.5. About 76% (WO.,). 
 
 In the borax bead fuses easily to magnetic globule. 
 
 Has been found near Ivanpah in the Clark Mountain district in 
 eastern San Bernardino County and also in the New York Mountain 
 district in the same locality. 
 
 Hubnerite, a mineral resembling wolframite with practically the same 
 composition, is also found there. 
 
 In general tungsten minerals are found in regions of granitic rocks. 
 In this country they are obtained almost entirely from regions of 
 quartzose granular igneous rocks, or areas intruded by them, commonly 
 associated with gold bearing veins. 
 
 Uses. 
 
 Tungsten is used in the greatest amounts as an alloy with steel. It 
 produces an exceedingly hard, tough variety which is capable of holding 
 its temper up to nearly a red heat. It is used either alone or with 
 molybdenum or chromium. The product is made into armor plate. 
 projectiles, steel tools, etc. One of the most important uses for tung- 
 sten is in the manufacture of filaments for electric light bulbs. 
 Although millions of bulbs are made every year, the amount of tungsten 
 used in this way is very small, owing to the fineness of the filaments. 
 It is used in place of platinum for crucibles and electric furnaces, and 
 ; .n making chemical apparatus, owing to its great resistance to acids. 
 
 Minor uses are for spark plugs, phonograph needles, etc.
 
 TUNGSTEN", MOLYBDENUM AND VANADIUM. 11 
 
 Prices. 
 
 The value of the tungsten ore is generally based upon the content of 
 tungsten trioxide (WO 3 ), and quotations are made per unit, the unit 
 being 1% of (WO S ) in a ton. In the early part of 1914 prices were 
 low, being $6.50 per unit. Such a price offered slight inducement to 
 the miner or prospector, and as a consequence, the production was 
 lower, even, than in previous years. Toward the end of the year, due 
 to the war the price raised to $9.00 per unit, and the demand for the 
 ore was greatly increased. In 1916 the price rose to $36 per unit for 
 60% WO : ,. The more recent quotations at San Francisco give $24 per 
 unit for 60% (WO,). 
 
 Tests.* 
 
 The mineral is finely pulverized and heated with hydrochloric acid 
 (HC1). If tungsten is present, a yellow powder, tungsten trioxide 
 (W0 3 ) will be produced, though it may be obscured by iron or other 
 impurities. 
 
 Upon the addition of metallic zinc the solution will turn indigo blue, 
 the intensity of the color depending upon the amount of tungsten in the 
 specimen tested. 
 
 Tin or lead will act the same as zinc, but not so readily. 
 
 *U. S. G. S. 1914 Mineral Resources, p. 942. 
 
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 TUNGSTEN, MOLYBDENUM AND VANADIUM. 15 
 
 Tungsten Buyers and Consumers. 
 
 American Tool Steel Co., Chicago, 111. 
 
 Atkins, Kroll & Company, 311 California St., San Francisco. 
 
 Atolia Mining Co., Humboldt Bank Bldg., San Francisco. 
 
 Barrows, H. H., 1648 16th St., Oaklamd, Cal. 
 
 Bethlehem Steel Co., Bethlehem, Pa. 
 
 Blackwell, Geo. G., & Sons, Ltd., Box 22, Liverpool, The Albany. 
 
 Braeburn Steel Co., Braeburn. Pa. 
 
 Carnegie Steel Co.. Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 Chemical Products Co., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Colonial Steel Co.. Pittsburgh. Pa. 
 
 Crucible Steel Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 Eimer & Amend, 205 Third Ave., New York City. 
 
 Electro Metallurgical Co., Niagara Falls, N. Y. 
 
 Electro Reduction Co., 50 E. 41st St., New York City. 
 
 Firth Sterling Steel Co., McKeesport, Pa. 
 
 Foete Mineral Company, 107 N. 19th St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 General Chemical Co., 25 Broad St., New York City. 
 
 Goldschmidt Thermit Co., 90 West St., New York City. 
 
 Hardy, Charles, 50 Church St., New York City. 
 
 Hunter, R. S.. 310 California St.. San Francisco. 
 
 Latrobe Electro Co.. Latrobe. Pa. 
 
 Lavino, E. J., & Co., Bullitt Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Leavitt, C. W., & Co., Hudson Terminal, 30 Church St., New York. 
 
 May Co., Frank L., 99 John St., New York. 
 
 Midvale Steel Co., Philadelphia. Pa. 
 
 Noble Electric Steel Co., 995 Market St., San Francisco. 
 
 Pfanstiehl Co., North Chicago, m. 
 
 Leaf Co., E. B., 50 Church St., New York City. 
 
 Primos Chemical Co., Primes. Pa. 
 
 Seaboard Ore Sales Co., 15 Broad St., New York City. 
 
 Taylor, David, Symmes Bldg., Denver, Colo. 
 
 United Alloy Steel Corporation, Canton, Ohio. 
 
 Vanadium Alloys Steel Co., Latrobe, Pa. 
 
 Vogelstein, L., & Co., 42 Broadway, New York City. 
 
 Wigmore, John, and Sons Company, 401 4th St., Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 York Metals and Alloy Co., York, Pa. 
 
 Watson, H. A., Exchange Bldg., Liverpool.
 
 16 r M.llMiKM A >TATK M!MN(, HIKKAT. 
 
 LETTERS FROM TUNGSTEN CONSUMERS. 
 
 Goldschmidt Thermit Company: Equitable Bldg., 120 Broadway, New York 
 City, N. Y. Nov. 27, 1917. 
 
 " At the present time we are using all of the tungsten ores, scheelite, 
 hubnerite, ferberite and wolframite. For certain uses we prefer the 
 wolframite and for others we prefer sheelite. "We have used these 
 entirely for the production of tungsten powder and ferro-tungsten. 
 
 It is impossible to give you specifications covering our requirements. 
 We have been changing these from time to time, and we hope to con- 
 tinue to change them so as to use lower and lower percentages of ore. 
 Also in regard to the impurities, we have had to use careful judgment 
 in selecting ores, so that we have bought principally on Ledoux & 
 Company's analysis and have analyzed each particular lot offered to us 
 by itself, based on the price at which it is offered and the combination 
 of percentage of WO 3 and impurities contained. For this reason, and 
 the reason that all this buying has not been so far stabilized, we have 
 not been able to formulate any form of contract that would meet the 
 very difficult conditions covering each particular transaction. 
 
 It is very difficult for us to state what ore we will be in the market 
 for, but at the present time we are using approximately 50 tons a 
 month ; and we expect this to very largely increase. ' ' 
 
 Chemical Products Company: Washington, D. C. 
 
 "1. Principal use to which you put the material? 
 
 Ans. Manufacture of tungsten powder, our entire output of which 
 we sell to manufacturers of high speed steels. 
 
 2. Specifications covering tenor of ore which will meet your 
 requirements ? 
 
 Ans. Our process of manufacture is probably unique, in that it 
 adapts itself to treatment of any tungsten ore irrespective of grade or 
 impurities. We have purchased material containing as little as 10% 
 WO 3 , but prefer material containing from 35 to 45% W0 a . Higher 
 grades are also acceptable. We will purchase material containing any 
 per cent of tin, arsenic, antimony, copper, phosphorus, sulphur or other 
 deleterious elements at reduced prices. 
 
 3. Form of contract which you demand of the producer ? 
 
 Ans. We prefer to purchase material f. o. b our plant Uniontowu, 
 D. C., against certificate of weight and analysis by Ledoux & Company 
 of New York City, who will come to our plant to sample and weigh the 
 material. We are also willing to purchase material by making 50 to 
 75% advance against bill of lading and certificate of analysis by Smith, 
 Emory & Company of Los Angeles or other reputable analyst known 
 to us and make final payment against Ledoux & Company's results.
 
 TCN'iSTK.V, MOLYBDENUM AND VANADICM. 17 
 
 4. Approximate amount of ore you expect to be in the market for ? 
 
 Ana. Equivalent of 30 to 50 tons of 60% ore per month." 
 Primes Chemical Company: Primes, Delaware County, Pa. Nov. 21, 1917. 
 
 i- Xo. 1. The principal use to which we put the tungsten ores which 
 we consume at our reduction works here at Primos, amounting normally 
 to about 200 tons per month, is in the manufacture of tungsten metal 
 and ferro-tungsten, these products being used chiefly in the manufacture 
 of munitions. There is also a smaller tonnage used in the manufacture 
 of motor trucks and pleasure automobiles. Besides the above two 
 products we also manufacture various chemical products containing 
 tungsten, such -as tungstate of soda, tungstate of calcium, tungstic acid, 
 etc.. the latter being used to a considerable extent in the manufacture of 
 tungsten filaments, the tungstate of calcium being used in the manufac- 
 ture of screens for X-ray apparatus. 
 
 Xo. 2. We have no fixed specifications for ores which we are willing to 
 buy. We prefer to use ores containing a minimum of 85% W0 3 , and 
 as low as possible in tin. sulphur, phosphorus and arsenic. 
 
 Xo. 3. We have no regular form of contract, but try wherever possible 
 to conform to the requirements of the seller. In some cases where the 
 seller is a man without means, and where his ore is known to be of good 
 quality, we sometimes make advance payments in order to help in the 
 financing of the operation. 
 
 Xo. 4. As we operate our own mines, producing from 100 to 150 tons 
 per month of concentrates, we are not a very important factor in the 
 market, as our purchases in the outside market probably do not average 
 more than 50 tons per month of 65% concentrates." 
 
 Electric Reduction Company: 1912 Oliver Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa. Nov. 26, 1917. 
 "1. The principal use to which we put the tungsten ore is the manu- 
 facture of ferro-tungsten made in an electric furnace and used by the 
 steel trade in the manufacture of magnet, high speed and self -hardening 
 steel for dies and other purposes. 
 
 2. With regard to specifications : we prefer that the tungsten content 
 shall not be less than 60% W0 3 . The ore shall be free from tin, copper, 
 arsenic, bismuth, lead and low in phosphorus and sulphur content. 
 
 3. We do not use any particular form of contract. Usually buy from 
 sources with which we are familiar, and the usual form of purchase 
 order is employed. 
 
 4. The amount of ore which we use is about 50 tons 60% concentrates 
 monthly. ' ' 
 
 Latrobe Electric Steel Company: Latrobe, Pa. Nov. 20, 1917. 
 
 "1. The ore we purchase is used exclusively in the manufacture of 
 tungsten steels, such as high-speed steel, magnet steel, etc.
 
 18 CAI.IKOKNIA >TATK .MINIM; HfKK.\r. 
 
 '2. We usually require that the material be over 55% tuugstic acid, 
 under 1.00% sulphur and free from such objectionable impurities as 
 copper, tin, excessive amounts of phosphorus, etc. 
 
 3. We have purchased considerable ore from the Atolia Mining Com- 
 pany, and their form of contract is acceptable to us, with the addition, 
 of course, of a clause covering the specification of the ore. 
 
 4. We u&e approximately 50 tons of concentrates per month." 
 
 Crucible Steel Company of America: Pittsburgh, Pa. Nov. 20, 1917. 
 
 "1. We use tungsten ore for the manufacture of tungsten metal, 
 from which, in turn, we manufacture high-speed steel. 
 
 2. Our specification is very simple it merely reads: ore guaranteed 
 to contain not less than 65% tungstic acid. We make no demand that 
 impurities be guaranteed. 
 
 3. We have no standard form of contract. In fact, we do not usually 
 contract for forward delivery, but instead limit ourselves to definite 
 quantities that are available for reasonably prompt shipment. 
 
 4. We would be willing to buy 50 tons at the present tin 
 
 Foote Mineral Company: 107 N. Nineteenth St., Philadelphia, Pa. Jan. 8, 1918. 
 "1. The principal demand for tungsten ores at the present time is for 
 the manufacture of ferro-tungstem and tungstic acid. 
 
 2. Our specifications vary from time to time and depend a great deal 
 upon the nature of the ore. As a general rule, we require concentrates 
 carrying a minimum of 60% tungsten trioxide, maximum .1% sulphur, 
 maximum .05% phosphorus, copper and tin in traces only. Such ore is 
 considered of prime quality and commands the highest current market 
 price. We can also utilize concentrates carrying a higher percentage 
 of deterimental impurities, but always insist on a minimum of 60% 
 W0 3 . For example, in certain cases we can use ore carrying as high 
 as 2% sulphur, 0.1% phosphorus, 5% copper and 1% tin, but naturally, 
 such a product commands a very much lower figure than a prime quality 
 ore. 
 
 3. We do not require any special form of contract from the producer. 
 We generally purchase the ore on the basis of a 75% cash advance 
 against shipping documents attached to certificate of sampling and 
 analysis by any reputable chemist at the point of shipment. Final 
 settlement is made after the arrival of ore at Philadelphia, on the basis 
 of Ledoux & Company or Booth, Garrett & Blair's weighing, sampling 
 and analysis. 
 
 4. It is impossible for us to state the approximate amount of ore we 
 expect to be in the market for during the piv^-nt year, as our require- 
 ments vary from month to month."
 
 TUNGSTEN, MOLYBDENUM AND VANADHM. 19 
 
 Charles Hardy: Hudson Terminal Bldg., 50 Church St., New York City, N. Y. 
 Nov. 21, 1917. 
 
 "As you probably know, practically 95% of the ore which reaches this 
 market is used for the manufacture of high-speed steel. It is true that 
 some ore is used in armor plate and armor piercing projectiles and gun 
 linings, and also a small quantity is used for the filament of lamps. 
 
 The importations of all grades of ore from January, 1917, to August, 
 1917, varied from a minimum of 76 tons in April to 659 tons in January. 
 
 With regard to the composition of the ore, it of course, depends upon 
 the process. In the electrolytical process, copper, tin and phosphorus 
 are the most objectionable impurities and it is almost impossible to sell 
 to a user of tungsten ore who has the electrical process only, material 
 containing an excess of .05% tin, .05% copper and .04% phosphorus; 
 thus ore that is free from these impurities is classified as the highest 
 class ore and naturally brings the top market price. 
 
 Any ore that does not meet these specifications is therefore called off 
 grade ore and while in a rising market it is sometimes possible to sell 
 ore with an excess of the impurities slightly above the percentage above 
 given, it is exceedingly difficult to sell this ore at good prices in a 
 steady or falling market. In the chemical process, tin or copper and 
 even phosphorus can practically be eliminated, and therefore, the 
 chemical process buyers are not so particular on the impurities; but 
 inasmuch as the number of these users are limited, all the ore coming 
 on the market and containing tin, copper, and other impurities is offered 
 to these few users who naturally find an abundance of ore and are not 
 prepared to pay top market prices. As a matter of fact, they have 
 been able to make their price, and while for high class ore, the market 
 is often a seller's market; for off grade ore, it is almost invariably a 
 buyer's market. 
 
 The buyer 's idea of price governs the market or off grade ores cannot 
 be got rid of, and will ultimately reach the buyer still cheaper than if 
 his price is accepted as and when the material comes on the market. 
 
 Inasmuch as supply and demand are at the present moment balancing 
 themselves, it is easily understood that buyers even for the chemical 
 process prefer to take ores on which they have not the trouble of 
 extracting the impurities and ores, containing deleterious matter, have 
 to be sold at heavy discounts from the regularly established price. 
 
 I have handled a very considerable tonnage of tungsten ores running 
 in the thousands of tons already this year, and have not yet had a single 
 parcel of tungsten ore unsold, though some of them run as high as 11% 
 of tin. Of course, where tin is contained in the ore to such a large 
 percentage, it would be advisable to have the tin extracted either at the 
 port of shipment or in New York, if arrangement to that end can be
 
 L'O CAI.IKDHMA STATK MIM\(i BTKKAU. 
 
 made. Such extractions, of course, would prevent a sale prior to the 
 result of such extraction being known. 
 
 With regard to the consumption in this country after careful calcula- 
 tion, it has been estimated between 850 to 900 tons per month. 
 
 With regard to the form of contract which is now in use, I beg to 
 attach hereto a copy of the present form. 
 
 Further, I beg to add that some of the consumers find that they have 
 much more success with a combination of wolframite and scheelite, 
 while others; use scheelite entirely, and still others use wolframite 
 entirely. Ilubnerite and ferberite is used by the people who find the 
 combination works to their satisfaction." 
 
 "Ore Contract. 
 
 SELLER: 
 
 PURCHASERS: 
 
 MATERIAL: 
 
 QUANTITY: (Subject to properties maintaining present output.) 
 
 SHIPMENT: 
 
 PRICE: 
 
 PAYMENT: 
 
 Ninety (90%) against sight draft accompanied by shipping documents, and balance against 
 sight draft accompanied by final assay and weight certificate of Pittsburgh Testing Laboratory. 
 CONDITIONS: 
 
 To be received with despatch when ready lor delivery and paid for Net Cash In U. 8. Gold Coin, 
 in 
 
 Goods at risk of purchasers as soon as delivery is made at point above specified. 
 
 This sale is based upon the present Railroad or Steamship classification and published rate; 
 any change in same, or in the rate payable to the carriers, to be for account of purchasers. 
 
 Sacks to be provided by seller, free of charge, and to be returned by purchasers, at seller's 
 expense, if required. 
 
 This contract, is entered into subject to seller's normal output being 1 maintained during the 
 life thereof. 
 
 If, in the opinion of seller, War Risk Insurance becomes necessary for the protection of the 
 within-mentioned property prior to or during transit, expense of same to be for account of 
 purchasers. 
 
 Seller has the power to demand, at time of entering into this contract or at any time during 
 the life thereof, that purchasers forthwith establish confirmed Bankers' Letter of Credit, Bankers 
 to be approved by seller, covering the whole or any portion of this contract. Drafts to be 
 drawn without recourse. 
 
 Seller not liable for nondelivery resulting from or contributed to by strikes, lockouts, fires, 
 floods, droughts, earthquakes, accidents, insurrections, wars, breakdown of machinery, shut* 
 down of mines or mills, prohibition of or by Governmental authorities, embargoes, perils of the 
 sea, or any other unavoidable causes shall not constitute cause for rejection of goods by 
 purchasers. 
 
 Any disputes, arising under this contract, to be settled by arbitration in 
 
 upon the immediate demand on the part of either purchasers or seller. The decision of such 
 arbitration to be final and binding on both parties. 
 
 Rejection made by purchasers, with seller's consent, cancels this contract. 
 
 Should shipment, or any portion thereof, be lost or become damaged, this sale to be void 
 to the extent of such quantity. 
 
 This contract not be assignable, except by mutual consent. 
 
 copies executed at ., one of which being accomplished, 
 
 the other to stand void. 
 
 , Seller. 
 
 By _ its President. 
 
 - - , Purchasers. 
 
 By " 
 
 Oakland Mazda Lamp Division of General Electric Company: 1648 Sixteenth 
 St. Oakland, Cal. Nov. 19, 1917. 
 
 "1. The principal use to which we put the material is in the 
 Incandescent Lamp filament. 
 
 2. Ore containg 60% W0 3 will meet our requirements."
 
 TUNGSTEN". MOLYBDENUM AND VANADIUM. 21 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 MOLYBDENUM. 
 Foreword. 
 
 Molybdenum, although regarded as one of the rarer metals, has 
 recently become of increased value on account of its use in the steel 
 industry. The United States at present appears to be the world's 
 largest producer, and exports considerable metal and concentrates. 
 Arizona and Colorado are the principal producing states. In 1917 the 
 domestic production amounted to 175 tons of metal, valued at $350,000. 
 No production in California was reported up to 1915. In that year a 
 small tonnage was mined in Plumas County, but not marketed. In 
 1916 tin-re were 8 tons of picked concentrate produced in Inyo and 
 Plumas counties, valued at .$9945. In 1917 the production was 228 
 tons of ore valued at $6014. 
 
 The importance of molybdenum as a valuable alloy metal appears now 
 to be well established and the search for and development of its ore 
 bodies should add a substantial increment to the mining industry of the 
 state. 
 
 Unsteady markets have held production to deposits of high grade 
 shipping ore. It is encouraging to note a more stable demand and 
 undoubtedly concentration of the ores at some of the larger deposits 
 of disseminated type will follow. 
 
 Ores, Properties and Tests. 
 
 Molybdenite (MoS 2 ). Molybdenum sulphide. Contains 41% sul- 
 phur and 59% molybdenum. Light bluish gray in color, streak lead 
 gray with greenish cast. Occurs in scales or hexagonal plates, or foli- 
 ated masses. Perfect basal cleavage. Hardness 1.0 to 1.5. Gravity 
 4.7. Crystallizes in the hexagonal system. Thin plates are very flex- 
 ible, but not elastic. Resembles graphite, but slightly different in color. 
 It is infusible before the blowpipe on charcoal, but gives off sulphur 
 fumes which are deposited on the charcoal. Dissolves in nitric acid, 
 leaving a gray residue. It is the commercial ore of molybdenum, but 
 some wulfenite (molybdate of lead) has also been sold for the molyb- 
 denum oxide it contained. To be marketable, the latter must be free 
 from impurities such as copper, tungsten, vanadium, chromium and 
 contain at least 25% of molybdenum oxide. 
 
 Occurrence. 
 
 The sulphide, molybdenite, is widely distributed in California, usu- 
 ally as thin flakes and leaves, sometimes large and well formed crystals 
 in quartz and crystalline rocks, and contact metamorphic deposits. It 
 occurs in the gold quartz veins of California. In appearance it strongly
 
 22 fAl.lFoKNIA STATE MINIM! WRKAU. 
 
 resembles graphite, but lias a lighter bluish lead gray color. When 
 occuring alone it oxidizes to yellow color, and occasionally to a peculiar 
 cobalt blue tinge. It has been found in the mother lode counties and in 
 Fresno, Inyo, Madera, Mono. Napa. San Diego, Shasta, Tnlar.' and 
 Riverside counties. 
 
 Uses. 
 
 Aside from many chemical and minor industrial uses, the principal 
 value of molybdenum lies in its steel hardening qualities. Therefore, 
 its principal markets are in the Eastern steel centers. Molybdenum 
 steel, containing from 6% to 10% of the metal is used for high speed 
 cutting tools, propeller shafts, rifle barrels, etc. 
 
 It is used with tungsten in electric lamp filaments and in electric 
 furnaces. 
 
 It is difficult to concentrate, owing to its flaky character, although 
 experiments have shown that the ore is particularly amenable to treat- 
 ment by flotation. 
 
 Prices. 
 
 During 1914 the price of molybdenite reached $2.00 per pound for 
 hand-picked material that carried over 90% MoS,. No doubt some 
 purchases have been made for speculation, and discrepancy occasionally 
 occurs between published quotations and actual sales to consumers, but 
 indications seem to warrant the statement that satisfactory prices will 
 be obtained by producers for some time to come even after the close of 
 the war. 
 
 The use of the term "unit" has caused some confusion, as it is 
 referred to the metal in some ores and again to the sulphide or oxide 
 of the metal in others. In buying molybdenite it means unit of M 8 
 a unit being each 1% of MoS 2 . 
 
 Both the long ton (2240 pounds) and the short ton of 2000 pounds 
 have been used as a basis for transactions. That no misunderstandings 
 may arise, it should be clearly understood which one is referred to in 
 each case. 
 
 The price has increased from an average of 50^ per pound in 1914 
 to 75^ per pound in 1916, and $1.00 per pound in ]917. Th- quota- 
 tion at San Francisco on June 18, 1918. was $1.25 per pound for 90% 
 MoS 2 . 
 
 Producers. 
 
 An effort has been made to list in alphabetical order under this 
 heading all owners or operators of molybdenum deposits in California, 
 with their addresses and the location of their property. No attempt 
 has been made to distinguish between those which may at the moment 
 be producing, or those which are idle, and there are possible errors and 
 omissions owing to the rapid development in this branch of the mining 
 industry.
 
 TUNGSTEN, MOLYBDENUM AND VANADIUM. 
 
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 L4 LJFOBN1A >T\TI: MINIM; BUREAU. 
 
 LETTERS FROM MOLYBDENUM CONSUMERS 
 
 Henry E. Wood Ore Testing Company, Inc.: 1734 Arapahoe St.. Denver, 
 Colo. Nov. 23, 1917. 
 
 "We are now concentrating from either \\.-t or dry <-ru>h>-il ore on 
 our own patented madiin<-N. ores from any source in the Unit-<l S- 
 that we can secure. 
 
 We have lately milled 100 tons from Shasta County, which assayed 
 1.31%, a difficult ore on account of cleavage faces and all cavities con- 
 taining oxides soluble in water to some extent. 
 
 In reply to your numbered inquiries : 
 
 No. 1. We produce only a high grade concentrate for the open market. 
 
 No. 2. We will make no firm bids whatever for ore or concentrates 
 unless we have inspected and tested an average sample of the ore offered. 
 Prices paid are generally f. o. b. Denver, unless, as is the case some- 
 times, we buy the ore at the mine. Freight charges must either be paid 
 in advance or guaranteed independently of the proceeds from the con- 
 centrates, as worthless material is often shipped. We do not do custom 
 work, but occasionally enter into specific contracts to participate in the 
 net proceeds. 
 
 No. 3. A contract mutually protecting joint interests. 
 No. 4. About ten tons per day. ' ' 
 
 General Electric Company: Schenectady, N. Y. Nov. 20, 1917. 
 
 "Our principal use of this material is as metal. We use this to form 
 the shank holding the target of a Coolidge X-ray tube. A little 
 molybdenum metal is also used as wire, but this demand is compara- 
 tively insignificant. 
 
 2d. We have no specifications for ore as w r e are able to obtain all 
 the material which we require as molybdic acid. 
 
 3d. We purchase this molybdic acid simply on guarantee as to 
 chemical purities. 
 
 4th. Our consumption is about 300 pounds per month of 85% 
 molybdic acid." 
 
 General Chemical Company: 25 Broad St., New York City, N. Y. Nov. J'i. 
 1917. 
 
 "1. The principal use to which we put this material is in the manu- 
 facture of chemicals. 
 
 2. The specifications are that it be not under 80% concentrates and 
 free from tungsten and arsenic. 
 
 3. We have not contracted.
 
 TIMiSTKX, MOI.YHDKNTM AND VAXADIl'M . 25 
 
 4. The approximate amount of ore we expect to be in the market for 
 depends on the supply and the quality." 
 
 J. T. Baker Chemical Company: Phillipsburg, N. J. Nov. 20, 1917. 
 
 ' ' Referring to yours of the 13th in reference to data on molybdenum, 
 beg to say that its principal use is making alloys and making the salts 
 of molybdenum. For making chemical salts and concentrates should 
 not run less than 90%, but for making alloys a grade considerably 
 lower can be used. The contracts are generally based upon the per- 
 centage of MoS 2 content, a premium being paid for high percentage. 
 For our own use we usually consume about a ton a month of the 
 concentrates." 
 
 Primos Chemical Company: Primes, Delaware County, Pa. Dec. 6, 1917. 
 
 ' ' We are glad to give you the following information in reply to your 
 various questions : 
 
 1. The molybdenum ores which we receive here are used principally 
 in the manufacture of molybdenum metal, ferro-molybdenum and 
 molybdic acid: being used to a minor extent in the manufacture of 
 niolybdate of ammonia, molybdate of soda and molybdate of calcium. 
 The molybdenum metal and ferro-molybdenum are largely used in the 
 manufacture of the higher grades of steel, giving similar properties to 
 tungsten, when used in about half the quantity, molybdenum, however, 
 having other properties which tungsten does not. Molybdic acid is 
 largely used by the various steel works laboratories for the determina- 
 tion of phosphorus in steel, etc. 
 
 2. The molybdenum ore, if wulfenite, should contain minimum 20% 
 Mo0 3 , and be free from tungsten and vanadium. If molybdenite, the 
 same should contain minimum 60% MoS,, although we prefer ores 
 running 80% to 90% MoS 2 , and free from copper and other deleterious 
 substances. 
 
 3. "We have no regular form of contract, but try wherever possible to 
 conform to the requirements of the seller. In some cases where the 
 seller is a man without means, and where his ore is known to be of good 
 quality, we sometimes make advance payments in order to help in the 
 financing of the operations. 
 
 4. The market is naturally somewhat limited for molybdenum 
 products, but is at present growing, and we are opening our Colorado 
 mines, where we expect to produce sufficient ore to care for our require- 
 ments for some time to come. We could, however, use considerable ore 
 for immediate shipment."
 
 26 < U.IFOIJMA >TATK .MIMN(i HIKKAU. 
 
 Rose Chemical Company: 2678 Lacy St., Los Angeles, Cal. Dec. 14, 1917. 
 
 "We use molybdenite in the manufacture of molybdic acid, also for 
 making f erro-molybdenum in the electric furnace. 
 
 We have never been able to determine, without having a sample sub- 
 mitted, what ores we could use. Generally speaking, the raw ore should 
 carry at least 80% MoS 2 , in which case, if the ore can be bought at the 
 proper price, the impurities such as copper, iron, arsenic, etc., can be 
 eliminated. 
 
 We have never gotten up a form of contract for the reason that we 
 have never been able to find enough molybdenite in any one place to 
 make a commercial proposition. 
 
 We could use a ton per day of 70 to 90% MoS 2 if we could get it."
 
 Tl. : X<;>TKX. MOLYBDEXr.M AND YAXAHirM. 27 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 VANADIUM. 
 Foreword. 
 
 Tp to the present time vanadium has not been produced in California 
 in commercial quantities. In 1917, 55 tons of metal, in ore and con- 
 centrates, were produced in the United States. As the demand for 
 it in the steel industry was greatly stimulated by the war and has 
 increased since then, there are great opportunities for the miner or 
 prospector and others to develop this industry. 
 
 Vanadium ore is known to occur in San Bernardino County, near 
 Goffs, and there are, possibly, other prospects on which we have received 
 no reports. 
 
 The supply for the United States comes mainly from Colorado and 
 Utah. No vanadium is imported except as ferro-vanadium alloy. 
 
 Properties and Ores. 
 
 Vanadium (V) is a graj'ish colored metal, with metallic luster. It 
 is a rare element found in vanadates, or salts of vanadic acid, which is 
 closely related chemically to phosphoric and arsenic acids. Vanadinite 
 and descloizite are the most common vanadates. 
 
 Vanadinate (PbCl)Pb 4 (VOJ 3 . Vanadate of lead and chlorine. 
 Color deep ruby red, but sometimes yellow. Resinous luster. Hardness 
 3.0. Gravity 6.7-7.2. Generally occurs as small prisms. Found in 
 San Bernardino County. 
 
 Dilute nitric acid (HN0 3 ) solution of the mineral gives with silver 
 nitrate a white precipitate of silver chloride. 
 
 Descloizite (Pb(PbOH)V0 4 ). Vanadate of lead and sometimes zinc 
 and copper. 22.7% V 2 O 5 . Color red to yellowish brown, dull green or 
 black. Greasy luster. No cleavage. Hardness 3.5. Gravity 6.2. Found 
 in San Bernardino County. Occurs in small prismatic or pyramidal 
 crystals and in fibreous masses or drusy surfaces and crusts. 
 
 Roscoelite Vanadium mica. Hydrous silicate of vanadium, aluminum 
 and potassium. Color, dark brownish or green. Perfect basal cleavage. 
 Found in scales. Pearly luster. Soft. Gravity 2.9. Has a large per- 
 centage of Vanadium (20%-29% V 2 3 ). It is very rare. Found in 
 El Dorado County. 
 
 Sandstones are found impregated with this mica in Colorado. 
 
 Carnotite, a comparatively new mineral discovered in western Colo- 
 rado, has a complex formula, containing uranium, vanadium, potassium, 
 calcium and other elements. A good ore of vanadium. Contains about 
 three times as much uranium oxide as it does vanadium oxide, but con- 
 tains other vanadium minerals in such quantities that the vanadium con- 
 tent is larger than the uranium.
 
 28 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BIKKAI. 
 
 General Occurrence. 
 
 Vanadium is most commonly found in sedimentary formations, sand- 
 stones, i-l.-iys and shales, associated with uranium and radium. 
 Sometimes associated with copper. Lead vanadates are frequently 
 found with lead ores. 
 
 Uses. 
 
 The principal use for vanadium is in the manufacture of steel alloys, 
 and vanadium salts. 
 
 Vanadate of ammonium and vanadic oxide are used in the manu- 
 facture of ink, and in textile dyeing and printing. 
 
 When used in the manfacture of steel vanadium greatly increases the 
 tensile strength and the elastic limit. 
 
 Tests. 
 
 Vanadium minerals when treated with concentrated hydrochloric acid 
 (HC1), give a rich brown solution. When water is added the color 
 changes to green, or disappears. If the dilution is not great the brown 
 color returns upon the addition of hydrogen peroxide (H,0 2 ). If 
 dilute acid is used to bring the mineral into solution, the color is green- 
 ish or yellowish. This test may be made on the minerals themselves, 
 with a few drops of the reagents, with the same color effects. 
 
 Heated with borax in the oxidizing flame, the bead is yellow when hot, 
 changing to yellowish green or colorless. 
 
 Prices. 
 
 Price quoted at San Francisco March 19, 1918 were $10.50 per pound, 
 based on 99% vanadium pentoxide.
 
 PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 29 
 
 PUBLICATIONS OF THE CALIFORNIA STATE MINING 
 
 BUREAU. 
 
 Publications of this Bureau will be sent On receipt of the requisite amount. Only 
 stamps, coin or money orders will be accepted in payment. 
 
 Money orders should be made payable to the STATE MINING BURKAU. 
 Personal checks will not be accepted. 
 
 REPORTS. 
 
 Asterisk (*) indicates the publication is out of print. 
 Report I. Henry G. Hanks. 1880. 
 Report II. Henry G. Hanks. 1882. 
 Report III. Henry G. Hanks. 1883. 
 Report IV. Henry G. Hanks. 1884. 
 Report V. Henry G. Hanks. 1885. 
 Report VI. Part 1. Henry G. Hanks. 1886. 
 Report VI. Part 2. Wm. Irelan, Jr. 1886. 
 Report VII. Wm. Irelan, Jr. 1887. 
 Report VIII. Wm. Irelan, Jr. 1888. 
 Report IX. Wm. Irelan, Jr. 1889. 
 Report X. Wm. Irelan, Jr. 1890. Price 
 
 Report XI. Wm. Irelan, Jr. 1892. (First biennial) $1.00 
 
 Report XII. J. J. Crawford. 1894. (Second biennial) 
 
 *Report XIII. J. J. Crawford, 1896. (Third biennial) 
 
 Chapters of State Mineralogist's Report, Biennial period, 1913-1914, Fletcher 
 
 Hamilton: 
 Mines "and Mineral Resources of Imperial and San Diego Counties F. J. H. 
 
 Merrill. 1914 .35 
 
 Mines and Mineral Resources, Amador, Calaveras and Tuolumne Counties 
 
 W. B. Tucker. 1915 .50 
 
 Mines and Mineral Resources, Colusa. Glenn, Lake, Marin, Napa, Solano, 
 
 Sonoma and Tolo Counties Walter W. Bradley. 1915 .50 
 
 Mines and Mineral Resources, Del Norte, Humboldt and Mendocino Counties 
 
 F. L. Lowell. 1915 .25 
 
 Mines and Mineral Resources, Fresno, Kern, Kings, Madera, Mariposa, Mer- 
 ced. San Joaquin and Stanislaus Counties Walter W. Bradley, G. C. 
 
 Brown. F. L. Lowell and R. P. McLaughlin, 1915 .50 
 
 Mines and Mineral Resources, Shasta, Siskiyou and Trinity Counties G. C. 
 
 Brown. 1915 .50 
 
 Report XIV. Fletcher Hamilton, 1915, Biennial period 1913-1914. (The above 
 
 county chapters combined in a single volume) 2.00 
 
 Chapters of State Mineralogist's Report, Biennial Period, 1915-1916, Fletcher 
 
 Hamilton: 
 
 Mines and Mineral Resources, Alpine, Inyo and Mono Counties, with geological 
 map Arthur S. Eakle, Emile Huguenin, R. P. McLaughlin, Clarence A. 
 
 Waring. 1917 1.25 
 
 Mines a,nd Mineral Resources. Butte, Lassen. Modoc, Sutter and Tehama 
 
 Counties W. Burling Tucker, Clarence A. Waring. 1917 .50 
 
 Mines and Mineral Resources. El Dorado, Placer, Sacramento and Yuba 
 
 Counties W. Burling Tucker, Clarence A. Waring. 1917 .65 
 
 Mines and Mineral Resources, Los Angeles, Orange and Riverside Counties 
 
 Frederick J. H. Merrill. 1917 .50 
 
 Mines and Mineral Resources, Monterey, San Benito, San Luis Obispo, Santa 
 Barbara and Ventura Counties Walter W. Bradley, Emile Huguenin, C. A. 
 
 Logan, Clarence A. Waring. 1917 .65 
 
 Mines and Mineral Resources, San Bernardino and Tulare Counties H. C. 
 Cloudman, Emile Huguenin, F. J. H. Merrill, W. Burling Tucker. 1917 .65 
 
 BULLETINS. 
 
 Bulletin 1. Dessicated Human Remains. Winslow Anderson. 1888 
 
 Bulletin 2. Methods of Mine Timbering. W. H. Storms. 1894 
 
 'Bulletin 3. Gas and Petroleum Yielding Formations of the Central Valley of 
 
 California. W. L. Watts. 1894 
 
 Bulletin 4. Catalogue of California Fossils (Parts 2, 3, 4 and 5). J. G. 
 
 Cooper. 1894 
 
 Bulletin 5. The Cyanide Process: Its Practical Application and Economical 
 
 Results A. Scheidel. 1894 
 
 Bulletin 6. California Gold Mill Practices. E. B. Preston. 1895 ?0.50 
 
 Bulletin 7. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1894. Chas. G. 
 
 Yale. (Tabulated sheet) 
 
 'Bulletin 8. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1895. Chas. G. 
 
 Yale. (Tabulated sheet) 
 
 Bulletin 9. Mine Drainage, Pumps, etc. Hans C. Behr. 1896 
 
 Bulletin 10. A Bibliography Relating to the Geology. Palaeontology, and 
 
 Mineral Resources of California. A. W. Vogdes. 1896 
 
 Bulletin 11. Oil and Gas Yielding Formations of Los Angeles, Ventura and 
 
 Santa Barbara Counties. W. L. Watts. 1896 
 
 Bulletin 12. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1896. Chas. G. 
 
 Yale. (Tabulated sheet) 
 
 Bulletin 13. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1897. Chas. G. 
 
 Yale. (Tabulated sheet) I
 
 30 
 
 CM.IKnUMA >TATi: .MINIM; Ml KKAK. 
 
 PUBLICATIONS OF THE CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU Continued. 
 Asterisk () Indicates the publication Is out of print. Price. 
 
 Bulletin 14. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1898. Chas. G. 
 
 Yale. (Tabulated sheet) 
 
 Bulletin 15. Map of Oil City Oil Fields, Fresno County. J. H. Means 
 
 Bulletin 16. The Genesis of Petroleum and Asphaltum in California. A. s. 
 
 Cooper. 1899 
 
 Bulletin 17. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1899. Chas. G. 
 
 Yale. (Tabulated sheet) 
 
 Bulletin 18. The Mother Lode Region of California. W. H. Storms, 1900 
 
 Bulletin 19. Oil and Gas Yielding Formations of California, W. L. Watts. 
 
 1900 
 
 Bulletin 20. Synopsis of General Report of State Mining Bureau. W. L. 
 
 Watts. 1900 
 
 Bulletin 21. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1900. Chas. G. 
 
 Yale. (Tabulated sheet) __ 
 
 Bulletin 22. Mineral Production of California for Fourteen Years. Chas. G. 
 
 Yale. 1900. (Tabulated sheet) 
 
 Bulletin. Reconnaissance of the Colorado Desert Mining District. Stephen 
 
 Bowers. 1901 
 
 Bulletin 23. The Copper Resources of California. P. C. DuBois, F. M. Ander- 
 son, J. H. Tibbits. and G. A. Tweedy. 1902 $0.50 
 
 Bulletin 24. The Saline Deposits of California. G. E. Bailey. 1902 
 
 Bulletin 25. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1901. Chas. G. 
 
 Yale. (Tabulated sheet) ___ 
 
 Bulletin 26. Mineral Production of California for Fifteen Years. Chas. G. 
 
 Yale. 1901. (Tabulated sheet) 
 
 Bulletin 27. The Quicksilver Resources of California. Wm. Forstner. 1903 
 
 Bulletin 28. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1902. Chas. G. 
 
 Yale. (Tabulated sheet) 
 
 Bulletin 29. Mineral Production of California for Sixteen Years. Chas. G. 
 
 Yale. 1902. (Tabulated sheet) 
 
 'Bulletin 30. A Bibliography of Geology, Palaeontology, and Mineral Resources 
 
 of California. A. W. Vogdes. 1903 
 
 Bulletin 31. Chemical Analyses of California Petroleum. H. N. Cooper. 1903. 
 
 (Tabulated sheet) 
 
 Bulletin 32. Production and Use of Petroleum in California. P. W. Prutzman. 
 
 1904 .25 
 
 Bulletin 33. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1903. Chas. G. 
 
 Yale. (Tabulated sheet) 
 
 Bulletin 34. Mineral Production of California for Seventeen Years. Chas. G. 
 
 Yale. 1903. (Tabulated sheet) 
 
 Bulletin 35. Mines and Minerals of California for 1903. Chas. G. Yale. 1904. 
 
 (Statistical) 
 
 Bulletin 36. Gold Dredging In California. J. E. Doolittle. 1905 
 
 Bulletin 37. Gems, Jewelers' Materials, and Ornamental Stones of California. 
 George F. Kunz. 1905: 
 
 First edition (without colored plates) .26 
 
 Second edition (with colored plates) 
 
 Bulletin 38. The Structural and Industrial Materials of California. Wm. 
 
 Forstner, T. C. Hopkins, C. Naramore, L. H. Eddy. 1906__ 
 
 Bulletin 39. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1904. Chas. G. 
 
 Yale. (Tabulated sheet) 
 
 Bulletin 40. Mineral Production of California for Eighteen Years. Chas. G. 
 
 Yale. 1904. (Tabulated sheet) 
 
 Bulletin 41. Mines and Minerals of California, for 1904 Chas. G. Yale 
 
 (Statistical) 
 
 Bulletin 42. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1905. Chas. G. 
 
 Yale. (Tabulated sheet) 
 
 Bulletin 43. Mineral Production of California for Nineteen Years. Chas. G. 
 
 Yf.le. 1905. (Tabulated sheet) 
 
 Bulletin 44. Mines and Minerals of California, for 1905. Chas. G. Yale. 
 
 (Statistical) 
 
 Bulletin 45. Auriferous Black Sands of California. J. A. Edman. 1907 
 
 Bulletin 46. General Index to Publications of the State Mining Bureau. Com- 
 piled by Chas. G. Yale. 1907 .30 
 
 Bulletin 47. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1906. Chas. G. 
 
 Yale. (Tabulated sheet) 
 
 Bulletin 48. Mineral Production of California for Twenty Years. Chas. G. 
 
 Yale. 1906. (Tabulated sheet) 
 
 Bulletin 49. Mines and Minerals of California, for 1906. Chas. G. Yale. 
 
 (Statistical) 
 
 Bulletin 50. The Copper Resources of California. A. Hausmann, J. Krutt- 
 
 schnitt, Jr., W. E. Thorne, J. A. Edman. 1908 1.00 
 
 Bulletin 51. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1907. D. H. 
 
 Walker. (Tabulated sheet) 
 
 Bulletin 52. Mineral Production of California for Twenty-one Years. D. H. 
 
 Walker. 1907. (Tabulated sheet) 
 
 Bulletin 53. Mineral Production of California for 1907, with County Maps 
 
 D. H. Walker. 1908. (Statistical) 
 
 Bulletin 54. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1908. D. H. 
 
 Walker. (Tabulated sheet) 
 
 Bulletin 55. Mineral Production of California for Twenty-two Years. D. H. 
 
 Walker. 1908. (Tabulated sheet)
 
 PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 31 
 
 PUBLICATIONS OF THE CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU Continued. 
 
 Asterisk (*) indicates the publication is out of print. Price. 
 
 Bulletin 56. Mineral Production for 1908, County Maps, and Mining Laws 
 
 of California. D. H. Walker. 1909. (Statistical) 
 
 'Bulletin 57. Gold Dredging in California. W. B. Winston, Charles Janin. 
 
 1910 
 
 Bulletin 58. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1909. D. H. 
 
 Walker. (Tabulated sheet) 
 
 Bulletin 59. Mineral Production of California for Twenty-three Years. D. H. 
 
 Walker. 1909. (Tabulated sheet) 
 
 Bulletin 60. Mineral Production for 1909, County Maps, and Mining Laws 
 
 of California. D.H.Walker. 1910. (Statistical) 
 
 Bulletin 61. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, for 1910. D. H. 
 
 Walker. (Tabulated sheet) 
 
 Bulletin 62. Mineral Production of California for Twenty-four Years. D. H. 
 
 Walker. 1910. (Tabulated sheet) 
 
 Bulletin 63. Petroleum in Southern California. P. W. Prutzman. 1912 $0.75 
 
 Bulletin 64. Mineral Production for 1911. E. S. Boalich, 1912 
 
 Bulletin 65. Mineral Production for 1912. E. S. Boalich, 1913 
 
 Bulletin 66. Mining Laws, United States and California, 1914 
 
 Bulletin 67. Minerals of California. A. S. Eakle, 1914 
 
 Bulletin 68. Mineral Production for 1913. E. S. Boalich. 1914 
 
 Bulletin 69. Petroleum Industry of California, with Folio of Maps (18x22 in.) 
 
 R. P. McLaughlin and C. A. Waring, 1914 2.00 
 
 Bulletin 70. Mineral Production for 1914, with Mining Law Appendix. 1915 
 
 Bulletin 71. California Mineral Production for 1915, with Mining Law Appen- 
 dix and Maps. Walter W. Bradley, 1916 
 
 Bulletin 72. Geologic Formations of California. James Perin Smith. 1917 
 
 (For Map, see below) -25 
 
 Bulletin 73. Report of Operations of Department of Petroleum and Gas for 
 
 1915-1916. R. P. McLaughlin. 1917 
 
 Bulletin 74. California Mineral Production for 1916, with County Maps. 
 
 Walter W. Bradley. 1917 
 
 Bulletin 75. U. S. and California Mining Laws 
 
 Bulletin 76. Manganese and Chromium in California (in preparation) 
 
 Bulletin 77. Catalogue of Publications of California State Mining Bureau, 
 
 1880-1918. E. S. Boalich 
 
 Bulletin 7S. Quicksilver Resources of California. (In press.) 
 
 Bulletin 79. Magnesite in California. (In preparation) 
 
 Bulletin 80. Tungsten, Molybdenum and Vanadium in California. (In prep- 
 aration) 
 
 Preliminary Reports. 
 
 Preliminary Report No. 1. Notes on Damage by Water in California Oil 
 
 Fields, Dec., 1913. By R. P. McLaughlin 
 
 Preliminary Report No. 2. Notes on Damage by Water in California OH 
 
 Fields, Mar., 1014. By R. P. McLaughlin 
 
 Preliminary Report No. 3. Manganese and Chromium, 1917. By E. S. Boalich 
 
 Preliminary Report No. 3. Manganese and Chromium. By E. S. Boalich. 
 
 (Second edition) 
 
 Preliminary Report No. 4. Tungsten, Molybdenum and Vanadium, 1918. By 
 
 E. S. Boalich and W. O. Castello 
 
 Preliminary Report No. 5. Antimony, Graphite, Nickel, Potash, Strontium, 
 
 Tin, 1918. By E. S. BoaHoh and W. O. Castello 
 
 Registers of Mines with Maps. 
 
 Amador County -, J.25 
 
 Butte County .25 
 
 Calaveras County ' 
 
 El Dorado County 
 
 Inyo County 
 
 Kern County 
 
 Lake County .25 
 
 Mariposa County .25 
 
 Nevada County 
 
 Placer County 
 
 Plumas County 
 
 San Bernardino County 
 
 San Diego Conty 
 
 Santa Barbara County .25 
 
 Shasta County 
 
 Sierra County 
 
 Siskiyou County 
 
 Trinity County 
 
 Tuolumne County 
 
 Yuba County .25 
 
 Register of Oil Wells (with map), Los Angeles City .35
 
 32 CM.IFOKMA STATE MINING 
 
 OTHER MAPS. 
 
 California, Showing Mineral Deposits (50x60 in.) Price 
 
 Mounted $1.50 
 
 Forest Reserves in California 
 
 Mounted .50 
 
 Unmounted .30 
 
 Mineral and Relief Map of California 
 
 El Dorado County, Showing Boundaries of National Forests .20 
 
 Madera County, Showing Boundaries of National Forests .20 
 
 Placer County. Showing Boundaries of National Forests .20 
 
 Shasta County, Showing Boundaries of National Forets .20 
 
 Sierra County, Showing Boundaries of National Forests .20 
 
 Siskiyou County, Showing Boundaries of National Forests .20 
 
 Trinity County, Showing Boundaries of National Forests .45 
 
 Tuolumne County, Showing Boundaries of National Forests .20 
 
 Mother Lode Region 
 
 Desert Region of Southern California .10 
 
 Minaret Region, Madera County j. .20 
 
 Copper Deposits in California .05 
 
 Calaveras County .25 
 
 Plumas County .26 
 
 Tuolumne County .25 
 
 Geological Map of California (mounted) 50x60 inches 2.50 
 
 DETERMINATION OF MINERAL SAMPLES. 
 
 Samples (limited to three at one time) of any mineral found in the state may be 
 sent to the Bureau for identification, and the same will be classified free of charge. 
 No samples will be determined if received from points outside the 'state. It must be 
 understood that no assays, or quantitative determinations will be made. Samples 
 should be in lump form if possible, and marked plainly with name of sender on out- 
 side of package, etc. No samples will be received unless delivery charges are prepaid. 
 A letter should accompany sample, giving locality where mineral was foun<1 juid the 
 nature of the information desired.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Alloys Page 
 
 Molybdenum 21, 22, 24-26 
 
 Tungsten 9, 10, 16-20 
 
 Vanadium 27, 28 
 
 Atolia District 9-10 
 
 Buyers 
 
 Molybdenum 23 
 
 Letters from 24-26 
 
 Tungsten 15 
 
 Letter from 16-20 
 
 Vanadium 27 
 
 Carnotite 27 
 
 Consumers 
 
 Molybdenum 
 
 Letters from 24 
 
 Tungsten 
 
 Letters from 
 
 Vanadium 27 
 
 Contracts and specifications for 
 
 Molybdenum ores 24-26 
 
 Tungsten ores 16-20 
 
 Deposits 
 
 Molybdenum 
 
 Tungsten 
 
 Descloizite 
 
 Determination of mineral samples 
 
 Ferro 
 
 Molybdenum 26 
 
 Tungsten 16-30 
 
 Vanadium - 27, 28 
 
 Freight rates 
 
 Hubnerite ! 
 
 Imports 
 
 Tungsten 9 
 
 Vanadium .~ : 27 
 
 Letter to consumers and buyers 7 
 
 Letters from buyers and consumers of 
 
 Molybdenum 24 
 
 Tungsten 16 
 
 Market for 
 
 Molybdenum 23-26 
 
 Tungsten , 16-20 
 
 Vanadium 27 
 
 Mineral samples, determination of 
 
 Molybdenum 21 
 
 Buyers and consumers 23 
 
 Deposits 23 
 
 Ferro 26 
 
 Letters from consumers 24 
 
 Occurrence 21 
 
 Ores 21 
 
 Prices 22 
 
 Producers 22 
 
 Production 
 
 Properties 21 
 
 Sulphide 21 
 
 Steel 22 
 
 Tests 21 
 
 Unit 22 
 
 Uses 22 
 
 Value 21 
 
 Molybdenite 21 
 
 Molybdic Acid 24-26 
 
 Occurrence of 
 
 Molybdenum 21 
 
 Tungsten 9 
 
 Vanadium 27-28 
 
 Ores of 
 
 Molybdenum 21 
 
 Tungsten 9 
 
 Vanadium 27 
 
 Prices of 
 
 Molybdenum 
 
 Tungsten 11 
 
 Vanadium . 2S
 
 34 INDEX. 
 
 Production of 
 
 Molybdenum 21 
 
 Tungsten 9 
 
 Vanadium -1 
 
 Producers of 
 
 Molybdenum -':; 
 
 Tungsten 1.' 
 
 Properties of 
 
 Molybdenum 2 I 
 
 Tungsten : 
 
 Vanadium 27 
 
 Publications of State Mining Bureau -'.< 
 
 Randsburg District 10 
 
 Roscoelite -7 
 
 Samples, mineral, determination of ''- 
 
 Scheelite ' 'J 
 
 Specifications for 
 
 iKlenum -1 -<' 
 
 Tungsten l *' -'" 
 
 Statt- Mining Bureau, Publications of -'' 
 
 Steel 
 
 Molybdenum '-'- 
 
 Tungsten 10. 16-20 
 
 Vanadium 
 
 Tests for 
 
 Molybdenum -1 
 
 Tungsten 1 1 
 
 Vanadium 27-28 
 
 Tungsten 
 
 Buyers and consumers 15 
 
 Contracts and specifications 16-2U 
 
 Deposits l 2 
 
 Perro : 16-20 
 
 Imports 9 
 
 Letters from consumers 16 
 
 Market 16-20 
 
 Occurrence 9-10 
 
 Ores 9 
 
 Prices 11 
 
 Production 9 
 
 Properties 9 
 
 Steel 10, 16-20 
 
 Tests 11 
 
 Trioxide 9, 11 
 
 Unit 11 
 
 Uses 10, 16-20 
 
 Unit 
 
 Molybdenum 22 
 
 Tungsten 11 
 
 Uses of 
 
 Molybdenum 22 
 
 Tungsten 10, 16-20 
 
 Vanadium 28 
 
 Value of 
 
 Molybdenum 2122 
 
 Tungsten 9-11 
 
 Vanadium ?K 
 
 Vanadinit* i'7 
 
 Vanadium .. j? i^s 
 
 Ferro 27, us 
 
 Imports 27 
 
 Mica 27 
 
 Occurrence 27-28 
 
 Ores 27 
 
 Prices . 28 
 
 Production 27 
 
 Properties 27 
 
 Salts 28 
 
 Steel 28 
 
 Tests 27-2S 
 
 Uses 28 
 
 Wolframite 10 
 
 28623 S-18 2M
 
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