^H 
 
 <0ir?rnm?nt Printing ffir? 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ilannal 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Prcparrt* tmfcer iirertinn 0f tlj? Pnhllr Printer 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 J8Gl. 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 ^GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 
 I. __ j 
 
 
 
 
 iHatwal of j^>tgk 
 
 . 
 
 
 FOR USE OF COPY EDITORS, PROOF READERS, 
 OPERATORS, AND COMPOSITORS ENGAGED IN 
 THE PRODUCTION OF EXECUTIVE, CONGRES- 
 SIONAL, AND DEPARTMENTAL PUBLICATIONS 
 
 Jftrat EJUttmt : &?plnnb*r, 1903 
 
 
 Jrrparpb wtforr birrrtion of tljp publir ^nutrr : : 190B 
 
 
LIBRARY 
 SCHOOL 
 
 PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF PUBLIC PRINTER 
 
 JOHN S. LEECH 
 
 3Y A BOARD OF EVPLOYEES OF THE GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. , SEPTEMBER, 
 
LIBRARY 
 SCHOOL 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Abbreviations 13 
 
 Addresses 16 
 
 Bill style ! 45 
 
 Capitalization 17 
 
 Compound words 29 
 
 Court style 43 
 
 Date lines 1 30 
 
 Figures 30 
 
 Fol., fol. lit, fol. type and style 32 
 
 Instructions to copy editors, compositors, operators, readers, and revisers 8 
 
 Italic 32 
 
 Journal style 49 
 
 Leader work 32 
 
 Miscellaneous 33 
 
 Orthography 35 
 
 Punctuation , 36 
 
 Signatures 37 
 
 Suggestions to authors 5 
 
 Tabular work 38 
 
 Testimony _ 42 
 
 Useful information 53 
 
 Astronomical signs 53 ----- 
 
 Foreign coins 53 
 
 Greek alphabet 54 
 
 Homonyms 54 
 
 Mathematical signs 55 
 
 Modern languages 55 
 
 Point system 57 
 
 Roman numerals 57 
 
 Rule (cut to six-point) in eight-point tables 58 
 
 > Russian alphabet , 59 
 
 Signature marks 59 
 
 Standard page measurements 60 
 
 States, Territories, and counties 63 
 
 Titles of railroads, with method for their abbreviation 74 
 
 Vocabulary of double words 76 
 
 182056 
 

( UNIVt 
 
 SUGGESTIONS TO AUTHORS. 
 
 The MANUAL OF STYLE is intended to facilitate public printing, and if those sub- 
 mitting copy for publication will carefully observe the following suggestions, they 
 will contribute materially toward this end: 
 
 Copy should be typewritten if possible, unless reprint, and each page should begin 
 with a paragraph. 
 
 Proper names, foreign words, and technical terms should be plainly written and 
 verified. 
 
 Manuscript and typewritten copy in a foreign language should be marked accu- 
 rately as to capitalization, punctuation, and 'other peculiarities. 
 
 Signatures which are illegible should be carefully rewritten on the margin. 
 
 Abbreviations should not be used except when they are to be printed as written, 
 in which case they should be marked "follow." 
 
 Reference marks in text and tables should be arranged alphabetically across each 
 page, beginning with "." (See table, p. 41.) 
 
 Capitalization and punctuation, when not peculiar to the publication in hand, are 
 details which may be safely intrusted to the compositors and proof readers. 
 
 Photographs, drawings, etc., for illustrations should accompany manuscript, each 
 bearing the name of the publication in which it is to be inserted and the figure or 
 plate number. The proper place for each illustration should be indicated on the 
 copy by title, legend, or otherwise. 
 
 When a publication is composed of several parts, a scheme of the desired arrange- 
 ment should accompany the first installment of copy. 
 
 Write on one side of the paper only. When both sides are used, duplicate copy 
 should be furnished. 
 
 Additional matter making more than one line to be inserted in manuscript copy 
 should be written on a separate sheet attached to the page on which it is to be 
 inserted and the place for its insertion clearly indicated. 
 
 All corrections should be made on first proofs submitted, later proofs being intended 
 only for the purpose of verification. Plate corrections should be avoided. 
 
 Important changes from the style herein set forth should be clearly stated in a 
 sheet of instructions accompanying the copy. 
 
 Copy should be sent flat, if possible. 
 
 Requisitions for work containing illustrations should give explicit instructions as 
 to whether or not illustrations should be furnished by the Government Printing 
 Office, giving the number, indicating the process of reproduction, and, if reduction 
 is necessary, instructions on the margin of each illustration. The size should be as 
 nearly uniform as practicable. 
 
 Work containing illustrations should be accompanied by a letter certifying that 
 the illustrations are necessary and relate entirely to the transaction of public busi- 
 ness. (See 33 Stat. L., p. 1213. ) 
 
 Samples furnished for a particular purpose should be plainly marked, showing 
 clearly whether intended for style of type, size of type page, paper, trim, lettering, 
 or binding, etc. 
 
 5 
 
6 SUGGESTIONS TO AUTHORS. 
 
 Proofs read by authors or department readers should be marked to conform with 
 the following style: 
 
 PROOF MARKS. 
 
 Period. 
 j Comma. 
 - Hyphen. 
 : Colon. 
 y Semicolon. 
 \j/ Apostrophe. 
 uotations. 
 Em quadrat. 
 Zi. One-em dash. 
 
 Two-em parallel dash. 
 ^ Push down space. 
 O Close up. 
 v' or ^- / Less space. 
 
 ^ Q aret _ieft out, insert. 
 _) Turn to proper position. 
 "TT^ Insert space. 
 
 ZT or ^? Move to left or to right. 
 /~7 or L-J Move up or move down. 
 
 /G. Transpose. 
 m ___ 4 _ or xS^^T Let it stand. 
 
 ^ Dele take out. 
 <2> Broken letter. 
 JL Paragraph. 
 
 No paragraph. 
 Wrong font. 
 ~1 mJ^a/'W Equalize spacing. 
 or ^tx^xO< Capitals. 
 or /**.&. Small capitals. 
 /L-. @^. Lower-case. 
 ~~:: Straighten. 
 
 Superior or inferior. 
 gr &ct. Italic. 
 Roman. 
 Brackets. 
 
SUGGESTIONS TO AUTHORS. 
 
 TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS 
 
 C. I(^does)not appear that the earliest printers had 
 , any method^of ^orrecting^errors " before ^the form 
 / was on the press/ The learned 3&- learned cor- 
 rectors of the first two centuries of printing were 
 not proof/readers in our sense/ they w^ere rather 
 what we should Jerm office editors. Their labors 
 were^chiefly to see that the proof corresponded to 
 the copyj but that the printed page was correct 
 in its yfatinity7^t-kftfr44w words were there, and 
 that the sense was right. They cared -fetrt little 
 about orthography, bad letters^r purely printer^) 
 errors, and when the text seemed to them wrong 
 they consulted fresh authorities or altered it on 
 their own responsibility. Good proofs A in the 
 modern sense, were /impossible until professional 
 -Tpti readers were employed/ men who Jhad^Tfirstl a 
 printer's education, and then spent many years 
 A* in the correction of proof. The orthography of 
 English, which for the past century has under A 
 gone little change, was very fluctuating until after 
 zz: the publication of Johnson's Dictionary, and capi- 
 tals, which have been used with considerable 
 ularity for the past@>years, were previously used 
 on the (rnjss/^or7hit7plan. The approach to regu- 
 y/ /&C larity, so far as we have^ may be attributed to the 
 / growth of a class of professional proof readers, and 
 
 / it is to them that we owe the correctness of mod- 
 
 jt A/ ern printing> A More er/ors have been found in the 
 f Bible than in any other one work. For many gen- 
 
 erations it was frequently the caso that Bibles 
 were brought out stealthily, from fear of govern- 
 C /Tmental interference. A They were frequently Ou; 
 printed from imperfect texts, and were often mod- ff 
 ified to meet the views of those who publi^d fa 
 3 them^The story is related that a certain woman 
 ~? in Germany, who wae the wife of a ^Printer, H*4 A,.C,.I 
 
 had become disgusted with the continual asser- / 
 
 I . . ^ 
 
 /L<?7n. tion/o^ the ^u^erioiit^oi man over woman which 
 U I she had heard, hurried into the composing room 
 
 . while her husband was at supper and altered a 
 '* sentence in the^^iblej^hich^he was.vprinting, so 
 that it read ^arr^ instead of^Herr, A thus making 
 the verse read "And he shall be thy fool ", instead 
 =.~i , of "/^nd he shall be thy^lord." The word A not 
 I'eK was omitted by Barker, the^ing's printer in En- 
 ' l^ ^land in 1632, in printing the seventh comman ' 
 was fined (3iOOO on this account. 
 
 / /, / 
 
 m j 
 
 HL / 
 
 
 A 
 
INSTRUCTIONS TO COPY EDITORS, COMPOSITORS, OPERATORS, 
 READERS, AND REVISERS. 
 
 EDITING COPY. 
 
 The prime object of copy editors should be to mark those things which are not 
 readily understood by the compositor, and to indicate headings, indentions, dashes, 
 new pages, new odd pages, and such other matters which are essential to give the 
 completed book a good typographical appearance. 
 
 It should not be absolutely necessary to mark again anything which has been 
 plainly indicated at the beginning of a sheet, as the compositor is expected to follow 
 the preparation indicated if the sarhe thing should again occur on the same sheet. 
 
 It is desired that all copy shall be prepared as quickly as practicable, but copy 
 editors should familiarize themselves with all peculiarities before doing any actual 
 work, unless they are already familiar with the work assigned to them. 
 
 Copy without instructions should be edited in conformity with the MANUAL OF 
 STYLE. 
 
 When necessary to depart from the rules laid down in the MANUAL OF STYLE, the 
 copy editors should give instructions to compositors and readers. 
 
 Instructions should be given as to orthography, compounding, capitalization, and 
 punctuation in scientific and technical work. 
 
 When copy is ordered to be kept clean and returned intact, care should be taken 
 to mark as lightly as possible, so that erasures may be easily made. 
 
 The following rules Avill apply to all manuscript, typewritten, or printed copy not 
 otherwise provided for: 
 
 Addresses. Mark caps, small caps, italic, and abbreviations, indicating where lines 
 are to be broken when necessary. 
 
 Capitalization. Indicate not only that which should go "up," but that written 
 "up" which should go "down." 
 
 Heading^. Mark case number on each sheet once; if two or more sizes are used, 
 mark each in every instance; indicate italic, small caps, and caps and small caps, 
 specifying size of type. 
 
 Signs, symbols, etc. In text and tables all signs, symbols, dashes, superiors, etc., 
 should be plainly marked; write names of Greek letters when used, as they are fre- 
 quently mistaken for italic or signs. 
 
 Titles. Prepare in conformity with MANUAL OF STYLE, and indicate whether to 
 abbreviate or spell out; this applies also to geographic names. 
 
 Mark size of text type and whether to be solid, leaded, or double leaded, etc.; 
 verify folio numbers, and plainly indicate references, footnotes, cut-ins, etc. 
 
 COMPOSITION. 
 
 Compositors and machine operators are expected to carefully study the rules 
 governing composition. A failure to do this will show plainly in the proof. It must 
 be remembered, however, that all work done in the office is not in accordance with 
 the MANUAL OF STYLE. Special instructions will invariably accompany copy of this 
 
INSTRUCTIONS TO COPY EDITORS, ETC. 9 
 
 kind, and an employee should ascertain when taking out copy whether it is to be set 
 according to office style; if it is not, he should read instructions carefully and confer 
 fully with the foreman or man at the desk about doubtful questions. 
 
 Every precaution must be taken to prevent the soiling of proof sheets, as it is 
 necessary for the reviser to see clearly every mark on the margin of a proof after it 
 has been corrected. 
 
 Do not try to cover up or hide an accident. After a proof is read the first time, 
 if a word or line is pied, or if a "drop out" occurs, or any accident happens to the 
 type, it is the duty of the workman to call attention to it in writing on the latest 
 proof sheet. If a proof sheet be not available or immediately at hand, put the types 
 involved FEET UPPERMOST when returning them to place. This direction is intended 
 for all w r ho handle type laborers, compositors, makers-up, imposers, and electro- 
 typers and will be insisted upon. Accidents will happen, and correctness can be 
 assured only by faithfully following the instructions here given. 
 
 In correcting matter set by the linotype machine, care must be taken to insert 
 corrected type slugs in their proper places and not to remove type slugs in which no 
 errors occur. The matter should be revised by the corrector before turning in the 
 galley. Marks indicating broken or blurred letters in lines not required to be reset 
 should be "killed," or the matter otherwise shown to be "O. K." Matter should 
 be "run down" to see that lines have not been either duplicated or eliminated. 
 
 READING. 
 
 Proofs that are not clearly printed or which are in any manner defective must be 
 refused. 
 
 When a proof is taken out, the reader should inform himself fully as to the charac- 
 ter of the work, whether there are any special instructions or peculiarities concerning 
 it, and get such other information as he may think will assist him; before beginning 
 to read he must make sure that copy folio agrees with proof and that the entire 
 proof is legible. It is well to do preparatory work and take a general survey of a 
 proof before beginning to read it. 
 
 Folios of copy should be "run" by copyholder on first reading of proofs. This 
 applies to all work, but is especially important on indexes, where a large number of 
 folios or cards may be involved. 
 
 The style in which correction marks are made on a proof is an element of consider- 
 able importance. Straggling, unsymmetrical characters, disconnected marks placed 
 in the margins above or below the lines to which they relate, irregular lines leading 
 from an incorrect letter or word to a correction, large marks, marks made with a 
 blunt pencil, indistinct marks, a frequent use of the eraser to obliterate marks hastily 
 or incorrectly made, are all faults to be avoided. In reading proof of wide tables, 
 the reader should take advantage of white space as near as possible to the error and 
 place the correction therein, thus aiding all who have occasion to handle the proof 
 afterwards. 
 
 The time to be spent in reading a proof should be governed in a great measure by 
 its importance, but speed should never be greater than is consistent with practical 
 correctness. 
 
 In reading tables set on linotype machines, readers should indicate the cast if 
 errors are marked. 
 
 When errors are marked in display type, the case number always should be 
 indicated. 
 
 Readers should immediately notify the person in charge of the discovery of any 
 wrong-font matrices. 
 
 When an entire "take" or proof seems to have been set uniformly, a reader 
 should never make important changes in indentions or tables or make corrections 
 
10 INSTRUCTIONS TO COPY EDITORS, ETC. 
 
 which will cause a great deal of work without consulting the foreman or the copy 
 editor. 
 
 When the reader detects inconsistent and erroneous statements, obviously made 
 by the writer through lapse of the memory or slip of the pen, it is his duty to correct. 
 He does so at his peril, however. He must know, not suspect, that they are errors, 
 and be prepared, if called upon, to vindicate the soundness of his correction by 
 recognized authority. If he does not know, he should query. 
 
 In work of particular value historic or scientific publications, books that may be 
 used for reference, etc. the reader should be on the lookout for faulty construction 
 of sentences, bad metaphors, inconsistent statements, the misuse of words, and de- 
 fects of similar character. These he should query. The proofs of this class of work 
 always go out, and the author will probably welcome reasonable suggestions; but the 
 reader must not worry himself or the author about the extreme niceties of grammar 
 or suggest pedantic emendations. 
 
 Readers will carefully note the instructions to compositors as to spacing, division 
 of words, etc., and never hesitate to mark when work is imperfect. 
 
 Readers are enjoined to keep in full sympathy with the copy editors. They 
 must always consult with the latter before making important changes in prpof. The 
 marks of the copy editor must be given consideration by all. He has probably 
 handled the entire work, and is in a position to know more about its peculiarities 
 than the man who reads but a small portion. 
 
 Instructions as to the confidential nature of work, number of proofs, size of paper, 
 number of copies, location of illustrations, new pages, new odd pages, etc., when 
 found on copy, must in every instance be carried on proof sheet by readers. Also, 
 in passing "run downs," the galley slug of the following galley must be carried on 
 copy where break occurs. 
 
 GALLEY-PROOF REVISING. 
 
 The importance of revising proofs well can not be overestimated. While a reviser 
 is not expected to read proof, it is not enough for him to slavishly follow the marks 
 found on the proof sheet. He should see that all corrections have been properly 
 made in the type, that words or lines have not been transposed by the compositor 
 in making the corrections, and that the rules governing spacing, division of words, 
 and good printing generally have been observed. Compositors have no excuse for 
 neglecting to space evenly, either when setting the type or when making corrections, 
 and the reader or reviser who passes bad spacing will be held in fault. 
 
 A reviser must not remodel the punctuation of the readers or make any serious 
 changes in the work unless the matter apparently needing correction is of unmis- 
 takable importance. If he thinks it necessary that an important change should be 
 made, he should submit the change proposed to the foreman for his decision. 
 
 All instructions carried on first proofs must, in every instance, be transferred to 
 revised sheets, whether galley revise, page proof, stone revise, or press revise. 
 
 All queries made by readers must be carefully transferred to the proof to be sent 
 out, which should always be clean and well printed. 
 
 Every paragraph containing an alteration in a proof that makes one or more over- 
 runs must be reread as first proof. It must be read aloud by copyholder, word for 
 word, to the end of the paragraph, or at least far enough to satisfy the reviser that 
 the proper correction has been made and no new errors have slipped in while the 
 lines were being handled. The practice of revising the alteration only and of reread- 
 ing without copyholder has been the source of many errors, and will no longer be 
 permitted. 
 
 Revising should be done with reasonable dispatch, but good work must not be 
 sacrificed to haste. The " hurry " excuse for passing bad work will not be accepted, 
 as assistance will be furnished whenever necessary. 
 
INSTRUCTIONS TO COPY EDITORS, ETC. 11 
 
 PRESS REVISING. 
 
 Special care must be exercised in revising linotype-machine matter. It is neces- 
 sary to read the entire line in which a correction has been made and to see that the 
 line has been inserted in the proper place and that the lines above and below it 
 have not been disturbed. 
 
 Revisers should promptly notify the foreman of the proof room when variations 
 from the MANUAL are being marked by department readers. 
 
 Press revising is a branch of proof-room work requiring special adaptability and 
 great diligence and care. Not only must the reviser observe that the rules governing 
 the work of those who precede him have been followed, but he must be on the alert 
 for a multiplicity^ points not coming within their sphere. Hence, a clear head,, 
 quick eye, knowledge of the style, acquaintance with the make-up of various publi- 
 cations, a high sense of order, an ability for detail, and mind and nerve not easily 
 disturbed are prerequisites to success in the work. 
 
 A few general rules only can be given to guide the press reviser. He handles a 
 variety of work and must decide each point as it presents itself. He is cautioned 
 never to allow his work to get behind (calling for assistance when rushed), but not 
 to make a sacrifice of correctness for the sake of speed. 
 
 The following rules must be carefully studied: 
 
 1. See that the proof sheets are clean and clear; send for another proof in case they 
 are not. 
 
 2. See that galley slips connect before beginning the page or press revise. 
 
 3. See that page folios are continuous, that running heads are correct and uniform, 
 and that the proper signature is correctly placed. 
 
 4. Revise carefully, observe connections between pages, carry all unanswered 
 queries if the proof goes again to the author, otherwise see that all queries are answered, 
 and take care that continued and repeated lines are free from errors. 
 
 5. If a revise is badly corrected or is from any cause not reasonably free from 
 error, call for another correction and proof (stating number wanted), and destroy all 
 duplicates. 
 
 6. Be on the lookout for "drop outs," doublets, and transpositions, applying the 
 rules laid down for first revisers. 
 
 7. Read by copy all running heads and box heads in continuous tables; see that all 
 leading lines are carried at the top where subordinate matter turns over; that dollar 
 marks and italic captions of columns are properly placed and uniform; that the 
 matter is as compact as circumstances will permit, and that footnotes fall on the page 
 containing the corresponding reference and are symmetrically arranged. 
 
 8. Preserve complete files of all proofs returned to the desk in the ordinary course 
 of business, especially of the final proofs from which a work is sent to the press or 
 foundry. 
 
 9. On first page of a signature of a stone or press revise carry the number of copies 
 and kind of paper, with any special directions that may be necessary, and see that 
 the form is properly imposed. 
 
 10. Be particular in making the "mark off" on a galley slip when the first page 
 proofs are sent out, cutting the proof sheet and noting upon it the connecting galley 
 slug, the folio of the succeeding page, and the proper signature of the same. Retain 
 the "mark off" and deliver the galley slips with the clean proof to the proof clerk. 
 
 11. Always make sure that different sets of proof sheets on any work are correctly 
 marked in series, as "R," "2d R," "3d R," etc., and when a sheet is stamped 
 "Another proof," carry the same designating "R" on the corresponding clean one, 
 and destroy the stamped proof w r hen it has served its purpose. 
 
 12. When two or more jobs are imposed in one form, the reviser should separate 
 the parts to verify the imposition. Until familiar with thejff old, ' ' h oweyer, cau- 
 tion must be exercised in cutting the sheet. 
 
', INSTRUCTIONS TO COPY EDITORS, ETC. 
 
 13. Press, stone, and foundry revises are equally important. In the latter especial 
 care must be taken that rules do not lap, that work is not jammed in the "lockup," 
 that damaged letters and " slips" are indicated, and that the matter is ready in all 
 respects to pass severe criticism. 
 
 14. Government publications are usually made up in the following order: 
 
 Page 1, title; page 2, blank; page 3, table of contents. If ending on an odd-num- 
 bered page, then page 4, blank; page 5, letter of transmittal; page 6, blank; page 7, 
 text proper. 
 
 In the body of the work new pages will be properly indicated on the proof sheet. 
 Tables of contents, letters of transmittal, lists of illustrations, the text proper of a 
 book, and all matter following half titles (except parallel tables) should begin on 
 a new odd page. 
 
MANUAL OF STYLE. 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS. 
 
 [See also Court style, p. 43; Tabular work, p. 38; Figures, p. 30.] 
 
 The following abbreviations will be used except as limited, or as may be indicated 
 by copy editors, it being understood that those not limited are to be used at all 
 times: 
 
 BILLS, RESOLUTIONS, DOCUMENTS, AND REPORTS. 
 H. R. for House bill (H. R. 416 or House bill 416, as written). 
 S. for Senate bill (S. 116 or Senate bill 116, as written). 
 H. Res. No. 5, for House resolution (simple). 
 H. C. Res. No. 10, for House concurrent resolution. 
 H. J. Res. 21, for House joint resolution. 
 S. Res. No. 50, for Senate resolution. 
 S. C. Res. No. 17, for Senate concurrent resolution. 
 S. R. 45, for Senate joint resolution. 
 H. Doc. No. 35, for House Document No. 35. 
 S. Doc. No. 62, for Senate Document No. 62. 
 H. Rept. No. 214, for House Report No. 214. 
 S. Rept. No. 410, for Senate Report No. 410. 
 
 Chemical elements and symbols. 
 
 Element. 
 
 Symbol. 
 
 Element. 
 
 Symbol. 
 
 Aluminum 
 
 Al 
 
 Hydrargyrum (mercury) 
 
 Wo- 
 
 Antimony (see Stibium). 
 
 
 Hydrogen 
 
 H g 
 
 Argentum (silver) 
 
 Ag 
 
 Indium 
 
 In 
 
 Argon 
 
 \ 
 
 Iodine 
 
 
 Arsenic 
 
 As 
 
 Iridium 
 
 Tr 
 
 Aurum (gold) . 
 
 Au 
 
 
 
 Barium 
 
 Ba 
 
 1 Kalium (potassium) : 
 
 K' 
 
 Beryllium (glucinum) 
 
 Be.Gl 
 
 Krypton 
 
 Kr 
 
 Bismuth 
 
 Bi 
 
 Lanthanum 
 
 T n 
 
 Boron 
 
 B 
 
 
 
 Bromine 
 
 Br 
 
 Lithium 
 
 T , 
 
 Cadmium 
 
 Cd 
 
 
 
 Caesium - . . 
 
 Cs 
 
 Manganese 
 
 Alg 
 Mn 
 
 Calcium 
 
 Ca 
 
 
 
 Carbon 
 
 C 
 
 Mol vbdenum 
 
 Mo 
 
 Cerium 
 
 Ce 
 
 
 Vii 
 
 Chlorine 
 
 Cl 
 
 Neodymium 
 
 Kd 
 
 Chromium 
 
 Cr 
 
 
 Ttfp 
 
 Cobalt 
 
 Co 
 
 Nickel 
 
 Ki 
 
 Columbium (niobium) 
 
 Cb Nb 
 
 
 Kh r*K 
 
 Copper (cuprum) 
 
 Cu 
 
 Nitrogen 
 
 XT 
 
 Davyum 
 
 Da 
 
 
 Vo- 
 
 Decipium 
 
 Dp 
 
 Osmium. 
 
 iN g 
 
 f)a 
 
 Didvmium 
 
 D Di 
 
 
 
 Dysprosium 
 
 Dv 
 
 Palladium 
 
 Pd 
 
 Erbium 
 
 Er 
 
 
 Ph 
 
 Ferrum (iron) 
 
 Fe 
 
 Phosphorus 
 
 p 
 
 Fluorine 
 
 F Fl 
 
 
 Pt 
 
 Gadolinium 
 
 Gd 
 
 Plumbum (lead) 
 
 Pb 
 
 Gallium 
 Germanium : 
 
 Ga 
 Ge 
 
 Potassium (see Kalium). 
 Praseodymium 
 
 Pr 
 
 Glucinum (beryllium) ' 
 
 Gl,Be 
 
 Radium 
 
 R'\ 
 
 Gold (see Aurum). 
 
 
 Rhodium 
 
 Rh 
 
 Helium 
 
 He 
 
 Rubidium 
 
 Rl> 
 
 Holmium 
 
 Ho 
 
 Ruthenium... 
 
 Ru 
 
 13 
 
14 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS. 
 
 Chemical elements and symbols Continued. 
 
 Element. 
 
 Symbol. 
 
 Element, 
 
 Symbol. 
 
 Samarium 
 
 Sm 
 
 Thorium 
 
 Tli 
 
 Scandium 
 
 Sc 
 
 Thulium 
 
 Til 
 
 Selenium 
 
 Se 
 
 
 
 Silicon 
 
 Si 
 
 Titanium 
 
 Ti 
 
 Silver (see Argentum). 
 Sodium (see Natrium). 
 
 
 Tungsten (see Wolframium) . 
 Uranium 
 
 TJ 
 
 Stannum ( tin ) 
 
 Sn 
 
 Vanadium 
 
 y 
 
 Stibium (antimony) 
 
 Sb 
 
 
 w 
 
 Strontium 
 
 Sr 
 
 Xenon " 
 
 X Xe 
 
 Sulphur 
 
 s 
 
 Ytterbium 
 
 Yh 
 
 Tantalum 
 
 Ta 
 
 Yttrium 
 
 YYt 
 
 Tellurium 
 
 Te 
 
 Zinc 
 
 Zn 
 
 Terbium 
 
 Tb Tr 
 
 
 7r 
 
 Thallium 
 
 Tl 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 CHRISTIAN NAMES. Always spell out well-known Christian names, except in 
 
 signatures. When necessary to abbreviate, use the forms Danl., Edwd., Saml., 
 
 Thos., etc., omitting the apostrophe. This -rule of abbreviation to apply to 
 
 *fol." Alex, Ben, Ed, Fred, and Sam are not always abbreviations, and copv 
 
 should be followed as regards period. 
 
 CITATIONS. See References, page 15. 
 
 CLOCK TIME. a. m.; m.; p. m.; when immediately connected with figures. 
 
 COMPASS DIRECTIONS. When abbreviated, use the regular forms, E., W., etc. 
 In compound terms, close up, as SE M NNW., etc. 
 
 CONGRESS, ETC. In parentheses: Cong, for Congress, as 58th Cong.; sess. for 
 session, as 1st sess. (Note punctuation: 58th Cong., 1st sess.; 1st sess. 58th 
 Cong. ) 
 
 DOCUMENTS. See Bills, resolutions, etc., page 13. 
 FIRM NAMES, ETC. , 
 
 The "&" will only be used between names of persons or to connect the same with 
 Co., Bro., or Bros. In literary, etc., companionships use "ar,H 
 
 bbreviated only when following "&. 
 
 Johnston & Oleson Company. 
 
 Jones Brothers & Co. 
 
 Smith & Bro. 
 
 Towers & Russell. 
 
 Pennsylvania Railroad Company. 
 
 Washington Flour and Feed Company. 
 
 Washington and Norfolk Steamboat Company. 
 
 Brother, Brothers, and Company to be 
 (See also Tabular work, p. 38. ) 
 
 Atlantic and Pacific Telegraph Company 
 
 Brown & Jones Mining and Milling Com- 
 pany. 
 
 Eastern and Western Transportation Com- 
 pany. 
 
 Good & Sweet & Co. 
 
 J. P. Morgan & Co. 
 
 In literary, artistic, scientific, and similar companionships 
 
 Cuvier and Valenciennes. Hay and Nicolay. Smith and De Koven. 
 
 LATITUDE, ETC. In parentheses, use lat. for latitude and long, for longitude, 
 when with figures. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS TERMS. 
 
 b. o. for buyer's option. 
 
 B. t. u. for British thermal units. 
 
 c. c. for cubic centimeter. 
 
 c. i. f. for cost, insurance, and freight, 
 c. p. a. for certified public accountant. 
 
 e. g. for exempli gratia, 
 etc. for &c. 
 
 feet b. m. for board measure, when 
 with figures. 
 
 f. o. b. for free on board. 
 
 f for folio, 4 for quarto, 8 for octavo.. 
 
 ib., ibid., for ibidem. 
 
 id. for idem. 
 
 loc. cit. for loco citato. 
 
 n. e. s. for not elsewhere specified. 
 
 nol-pros (nolle prosequi). 
 
 non-pros (non prosequitur). 
 
 op. cit. for opere citato. 
 
 0. K.; O. K.'ed; O. K.'ing. 
 
 per cent (omitting period) . 
 
 phone (omitting apostrophe). 
 
 ser. for series. 
 
 sp. gr. for specific gravity. 
 
 ss for scilicet, as Essex County, ss (no 
 
 point). 
 St. for Saint; but Fort and Mount are 
 
 not to be abbreviated. 
 v. for versus ("against" if copy), 
 viz (omitting period). 
 
ABBREVIATIONS. 15 
 
 MONEY. English money, 2 4s. 6d.; Philippine money, !P for peso. Copy editors 
 should indicate when abbreviations are to be used. (See also Foreign coins, 
 p. 53.) 
 
 MONTHS. In references in parentheses and in leader work, where day of month is 
 given, use 
 
 Jan. for January. Apr. for April. Sept. for September. Nov. for November. 
 
 Peb. for February. Aug. for August. Oct. for October. Dec. for December. 
 
 Mar. for March. 
 
 May, June, and July are not abbreviated. 
 
 NUMBER. Use No. when preceding a serial number, as No. 1836. In lines con- 
 sisting of caps, when the abbreviation "No." occurs use lower-case "o." 
 
 PUBLIC LANDS. 
 
 Copy editors should indicate when the following terms are to be abbreviated (note 
 caps, punctuation, and use of plural in the following examples): (1) N. NE. 
 sec. 1, T. 2 N., R. 3 W.; fractional sees. 2 and 3, Tps. 4 and 5 N., Rs. 6 and 7 W.; 
 and lot 6, NE. \- sec. 4, T. 6 N., R. 1 W., of the Indian meridian. (2) N. sec. 20, 
 T. 7 N., R. 2 W. of the sixth principal meridian. 
 
 When fractions are spelled in land descriptions, half and quarter, not one-half and 
 one-quarter. 
 
 RAILROADS. When the words "railroad" and "railway" are abbreviated, use 
 R. R. for railroad and Ry. for railway. For titles of roads and method for their 
 abbreviation see page 74. 
 
 REFERENCES. In parentheses, footnotes, cut-in notes, side notes, and tables use 
 capital letter with roman numerals except in the case of p. or pp., observing 
 the following forms: 
 
 art. or arts, for article or articles. par. or pars, for paragraph or paragraphs. 
 
 eh. or ens. for chapter or chapters. pt. or pts. for part or parts. 
 
 fig. or figs, for figure or figures. sec. or sees, for section or sections. 
 
 pi. or pis. for plate or plates. vol. or vols. for volume or volumes. 
 
 p. or pp. for page or pages. 
 
 SOVEREIGNS. When the names of sovereigns of a country are mentioned only 
 occasionally, such names may be given in full; as, Ed ward" the Seventh, Charles 
 the First. When such names occur frequently, they maybe printed with roman 
 numerals without a period; as, Edward VII, 'Charles I. 
 
 STATES AND TERRITORIES. 
 
 In indexes, leader work, and tables abbreviate after cape, island, mountain, river, 
 etc., when the name is given, and after groups of geographic names in text inter- 
 mixed with any of the terms in the next paragraph; as, New York, N. Y.; Long 
 Island, N. Y.; Cape Poge, Mass.; Brentons Reef, R. I.; Potomac River, Md. 
 
 Immediately after the name of a city, town, village, Indian agency, armory, arsenal, 
 barrack, county, fort, navy -yard, reservation (forest, Indian, or'military), reserve, 
 or station (military or naval): 
 
 Ala. for Alabama. Me. for Maine. Okla. for Oklahoma. 
 
 Ariz, for Arizona. Md. for Maryland. Oreg. for Oregon. 
 
 Ark. for Arkansas. Mass, for Massachusetts. Pa. for Pennsylvania. 
 
 Cal. for California. Mich, for Michigan. P. I. for Philippine Islands. 
 
 Colo, for Colorado. Minn, for Minnesota. P. R. for Porto Rico. 
 
 Conn, for Connecticut. Miss, for Mississippi. R. I. for Rhode Island. 
 
 Del. for Delaware. Mo. for Missouri. S. C. for South Carolina. 
 
 D. C. for District of Columbia. Mont, for Montana. S. Dak. for South Dakota. 
 
 Fla. for Florida. Nebr. for Nebraska. Tenn. for Tennessee. 
 
 Ga. for Georgia. Nev. for Nevada. Tex. for Texas. 
 
 111. for Illinois. N. H. for New Hampshire. Vt. for Vermont. 
 
 Ind. for Indiana. N. J. for New Jersey. Va. for Virginia. 
 
 Ind. T. for Indian Territory. N. Mex. for New Mexico. Wash, for Washington. 
 
 Kans. for Kansas. N. Y. for New York. W. Va. for West Virginia. 
 
 Ky. for Kentucky. N. C. for North Carolina. Wis. for Wisconsin. 
 
 La. for Louisiana. N. Dak. for North Dakota. Wyo. for Wyoming. 
 
 Alaska, Hawaii, Guam, Idaho, Iowa, Ohio, Samoa, and Utah are not abbreviated. 
 
 STATUTES. In references in parentheses, footnotes, cut-in notes, side notes, and 
 tables: Rev. Stat. for Revised Statutes; Supp. Rev. Stat, for Supplement to the 
 Revised Statutes; Stat. L. for Statutes at Large (but R. S., Stat., or Stats, if so 
 .written). British statutes: 34 and 35 Viet., 74; 1 Geo. IV, 25. 
 
Itf ABBREVIATIONS - ADDRESSES. 
 
 STREETS. When referring to Washington, D. C., use the forms: First street NW., 
 Four-and-a-half street SW., Florida avenue NE., Seventh street SW., etc. 
 Spell out First street east, Third street went, R street north, M street south, 
 etc. (See also Abbreviations, p. 38.) 
 
 TEMPERATURES, ETC. F. for Fahrenheit; 0. for centigrade; Cel. for Celsius; 
 R. for Reaumur; B. for Baume; Twad. for Twaddell. 
 
 rprrriT -po 
 
 Military and naval, only when preceding Christian names, as in the following list: 
 
 Adjt. 
 Adjt.Gen. 
 
 Com. Sergt. (commissary- 
 sergeant). 
 Corpl. 
 
 Lieut. Col. 
 Lieut. Commander. 
 Lieut. Gen. 
 
 Pvt. 
 Q.M.Gep. 
 Q.M. Sergt. 
 
 Asst! Surg. 
 Brig Gen 
 Bvt. 
 Cap 
 
 First Lieut. 
 (Jen. 
 Hosp. Sergt. , 
 Hosp. Steward. 
 
 Lieut. (.Winior Grade). 
 Maj. 
 Maj. Gen. 
 Ord. Sergt. (ordnance- 
 
 Sergt. 
 Sergt. Maj. 
 Second Lieut. 
 Second Sergt. 
 
 Col. 
 Com. Gen. (commissary- 
 general). 
 
 lusp. Gen. 
 Judge-Advocate-Gen. 
 
 Lieut, 
 
 sergeant). 
 Orderly Sergt. 
 Passed Asst. Surg. 
 
 Surg. 
 Surg. Gen. 
 Surg. Maj. 
 
 . 
 
 Always abbreviate the following, preceding Christian name (otherwise spell out, 
 except Messrs, and M. for Monsieur): 
 
 nr for doctor Rev. for reverend. 
 
 Hon. for honorable. Right Hon. for right honorable. 
 
 M for monsieur. Right Rev. for right reverend. 
 
 Messrs, or MM. for messieurs. Supt. for superintendent. 
 
 Prof, for professor. Very Rev. for very reverend. 
 
 Following surname: 
 
 esq for esquire Fellowships: F. R. S. for Fellow of the Royal 
 
 ir for iunior Society, etc. 
 
 sr for senior ' Orders of chivalry: K. C. B. for Knight Corn- 
 
 Degrees conferred by colleges, etc.: LL. D. mander of the Bath. 
 
 for doctor of laws; M. A. for master of 
 arts, etc. 
 
 UNITED STATES. 
 
 When immediately associated with the name of an officer of the army or navy, 
 
 as Lieut. John Doe, U. S. Army; Admiral Richard Roe, U. S. Navy. 
 The name of an organization of the army or navy, as First Regiment U. S. Vol- 
 
 unteers, Second U. S. Cavalry, etc. 
 When preceding the name of a government vessel, as U. S. S. Brooklyn (any other 
 
 designation than "ship" or "steamer" to be spelled, as U. S. monitor Nantucket). 
 In parentheses, footnotes, cut-in notes, side notes, or tables when with the name 
 
 of an organization of the army or navy, a department, bureau, commission, 
 
 etc., of the United States Government. 
 
 ADDRESSES. 
 
 Capitalize the principal words in business and residence addresses. 
 
 Abbreviate when necessary to the good appearance of a line. 
 
 Space with en quads in small-cap, cap-and-small-cap, and cap lines. Also observe 
 same spacing when words occur in text in caps, small caps, etc. 
 
 Omit leads when space is clear between date line and address, signature and text, 
 or signature and address. 
 
 When end of line is 3 ems or more from dash, omit slug; when less than 3 ems, 
 use slug. 
 
 In text, esq., jr., sr.; in a cap-and-small-cap address or signature, Esq., Jr., br.; 
 when address or signature is all caps, ESQ., JR., SR. When set in caps of type 
 having no small caps, use caps and lower case. 
 
 Use Brown, A. H., jr., not Brown, jr., A. H. 
 
 Addresses to be placed either at beginning or end of a letter or paper, as indicated 
 
 The name of a person, a firm, or the title of an official in an address to be at 
 
 at end. 
 
 Use one lead under an address when at the beginning of letter. 
 

 
 ADDRESSES - CAPITALIZATION. 17 
 
 General addresses to be italic, flush, overruns indented 1 em; lower-case except 
 proper nouns: 
 To collectors of customs and internal revenue: 
 
 The examples following show some of the forms to be observed: 
 
 [When italic line is longer than name line, indent italic line 2 ems more than name line. Ordi- 
 narily where both lines are about same length or the italic line is the shorter, place the italic 
 line so that its center will be at the end of the name line. When address does not make but 
 half a line, and does not touch on date or signature, to be one line."! 
 
 Brig. Gen. G. L. GILLESPIE, U. S. Army, 
 
 Chief of Engineers. 
 Brig. Gen. G. L. GILLESPIE, 
 
 Chief of Engineers, U. S. Army. 
 
 DThe CHIEF OF ENGINEERS 
 
 D D D (Through the Division Engineer). 
 
 Brig. Gen. THOMAS L. CASEY, 
 
 D D Chief of Engineers, U. S. Army, Washington, D. r. 
 
 To SMITH & JONES, and 
 BROWN & GREEN, 
 
 Attorneys for Claimant. 
 
 DThe honorable the SECRETARY OF WAR. 
 DEAR SIR: 
 
 DMr. REED: 
 
 [Where a caption makes more than a half line, to be two lines:] 
 
 STATE OF NEW YORK, 
 
 County of New York, ss: 
 
 [Note punctuation in these forms:] 
 Hon. ALEXANDER McDowELL, 
 
 House of Representatives. 
 
 DDEAR MR. CLERK: I have the honor, etc. 
 
 Lieut. (Junior Grade) JOHN SMITH, 
 
 Navy Department: 
 DThe care shown by you, etc. - 
 
 CAPITALIZATION. 
 
 [See also Follow Fol. lit. Fol. type and style, p. 32.J 
 
 Capitalize the titles of departments, bureaus, etc., only wh6n name is given. 
 Capitalize all titles immediately preceding names of persons, but lower-case when 
 following, except as noted. 
 
 ACADEMY. Capitalize Military Academy, Naval Academy, the Military and Naval 
 academies, the academy. National Academy of Sciences, the academy. 
 
 ACTING. Capitalize when immediately preceding any title that is capitalized. 
 
 ADDRESSES, ETC. Capitalize the principal words in addresses, signatures, and 
 date lines. (See also Addresses, pp. 16-17.) 
 
 ADJECTIVES AND VERBS ending with "ed," "ify," "ing," "ize," etc., such as 
 anglicized, frenchified, romanized, gallicized, etc., lower case when derived 
 from proper names. 
 
 ADMINISTRATION. Lower-case in all instances; as the administration of President 
 Lincoln, the administrations of Washington and Jefferson, Grant's administra- 
 tion, the administration. 
 
 AGENCY. Capitalize when preceded by name and referring to an Indian agency, 
 singular form only. 
 
 APPENDIX. Capitalize Appendix A, Appendix 1, the appendix. 
 5112108 - 2 
 
18 CAPITALIZATION. 
 
 A TJ1VF V 
 
 Capitalize the United States Army, the Regular Army, the Volunteer Army, the 
 
 Regular and Volunteer armies, the Regulars, the Volunteers. 
 Lower-case standing alone and also when used as an adjective; the army, an army 
 
 officer, etc. _, 
 
 Capitalize its organizations, as Engineer Corps, Nurse Corps, Fay Corps, etc. 
 Lower-case its subdivisions, as the infantry, the cavalry, etc. (adjective 1 >rm, 
 
 signal corps man, hospital corps man). 
 Lower-case organizations bearing names of persons: Robinson's brigade, Wheat g 
 
 regiment, etc. 
 
 Capitalize the names of foreign military organizations. 
 Lower-case ten companies of coast artillery (or batteries, field artillery but capi- 
 
 talize Third Battery of Field Artillery, Tenth Company of Coast Art] 
 ASSISTANT. Capitalize when immediately preceding any title that is capitalized. 
 AUDITOR. Capitalize Auditor for the State and other departments, etc. , only when 
 
 title is given. 
 
 T>(~) A T>T) 
 
 Meaning a United States Government board, to be capitalized only when name is 
 given or when used with any recognized title. Lower-case state and other boards. 
 
 Board of Trade of Boston, the New York Board of Trade, the Taft Board, the 
 
 board. 
 
 BOROUGH. Capitalize when referring to the boroughs of Greater New York, sin- 
 gular form only, as Manhattan Borough, Borough of the Bronx, the borough. 
 
 BUILDING. See Capitalized titles, etc., page 26. 
 
 BUREAU Capitalize bureaus of the United States Government only when name is 
 
 given; the bureau, the bureau officers, etc.; lower-case state and other bureaus. 
 CABINET. Capitalize when used in connection with the Cabinet of a President 
 
 of the United States, singular form only; the Cabinet, Cabinet officers, the cabi- 
 
 nets of Lincoln and Grant. 
 CHAIRMAN. Capitalize Chairman of the Committee of the Whole (House of 
 
 Representatives) in all instances, with the name or standing alone. Lower-case 
 
 in all other cases, except when addressed as Mr. Chairman. 
 CHANNEL. Capitalize when name is given, as the English Channel, the Nicholas 
 
 Channel (singular form only). 
 CHIEF. Capitalize when used with the name of a government bureau, etc., as 
 
 Chief of the Bureau of Insular Affairs (or Chief of the Insular Bureau), Chief 
 
 of Artillery, etc., but lower-case when standing alone. 
 CHURCH. Capitalize when name is given, referring to a building, congregation, 
 
 or sect. 
 CITY. Capitalize only when part of the corporate name, except City of Mexico, 
 
 New York City, and Washington City. 
 COLLEGE DEGREES. Lower-case when spelled out and standing alone, as the 
 
 degree of doctor of laws, the degree of master of arts, etc. 
 
 COMMISSION. Capitalize commissions created by Congress only when name is 
 
 given. Lower-case state and other commissions. 
 COMMISSIONER. Capitalize only when title is given. 
 COMMITTEE. Capitalize all standing and select committees of the Senate and 
 
 House of Representatives. Committee of the Whole House on the state of the 
 
 Union. 
 COMMONWEALTH. Capitalize when used as a synonym of State. ; 
 
 Capitalize 'Congress when meaning that of the United States or any independent 
 
 _ foreign power. Lower-case congressional. 
 
 Capitalize only with full name in such cases as Pan-American Congress, the 
 
 congress. (See also Foreign governments, p. 20.) 
 CONTINENT. Capitalize when standing alone and referring to continental Europe, 
 
 as the Continent; otherwise singular form only, when preceded by name. 
 
CAPITALIZATION. 19 
 
 CONVENTION. Capitalize the Constitutional Convention (United States, of 1787), 
 the Third Annual Convention of American Florists, the convention; the Repub- 
 lican national convention. 
 
 CORPS. Capitalize when meaning the Marine Corps, or any corps of the army or 
 navy; the corps. Lower-case as an adjective. 
 
 COURT. Capitalize federal and state courts in court work only. (See also Court 
 style, pp. 43,44; Court, p. 27.) 
 
 COURT HOUSE. Used as a geographic name, omit the hyphen, as Washington 
 Court House, Ohio. 
 
 CROWN. Capitalize when referring definitely to the ruler of an independent gov- 
 ernment, but lower-case when used as an adjective, as the crown lands. (See also 
 Foreign governments, p. 20. ) 
 
 DAM. Capitalize Dam 1, Dams 1 and 2, Dam No. 1? Dams Nos. 1 and 2. 
 
 DEITY. Capitalize all words denoting, as All- Wise; also all pronouns except those 
 commencing with the letter " w," as who, whom, or whose. 
 
 DEPARTMENT. 
 
 Capitalize when referring to the executive^ departments, United States Govern- 
 ment, when name is given; lower-case standing alone and when plural, as the 
 department, the departments, the War and Navy departments; also lower-case 
 as an adjective, as a department clerk, a departmental position. 
 
 Lower-case when referring to one of the three coordinate branches of the Govern- 
 ment, as the Government is composed of the legislative, executive, and judicial 
 departments. 
 
 Capitalize when referring to a government bureau, as the Land Department, but 
 lower-case standing alone and when plural, as the Land and Indian depart- 
 ments, the departments, the department. 
 
 DEPUTY. Capitalize when immediately preceding any title that is capitalized. 
 DIRECTOR. Capitalize only when title is given. 
 
 DISTRICT. 
 
 Capitalize when referring to the District of Columbia; also any synonymous term, 
 
 as Federal District. 
 Capitalize when used with qualifying word that is capitalized, as Fifth Congressional 
 
 District. 
 Certain Central and South American countries have districts similar to the above, 
 
 which are to be capitalized only when full name is given. 
 (See also Numbers used as names, p. 23.) 
 
 DIVISION. 
 
 Referring to divisions of the executive departments, capitalize only when title 
 is given, as Division of Accounts and Disbursements, Division of Publications, 
 the division. 
 
 Lower-case when referring to grand divisions of the United States, comprising the 
 North Atlantic division, South Atlantic division, North Central division, South 
 Central division, and Western division; also any prefixed term, as east North 
 Atlantic division. 
 
 EXCELLENCY. 
 
 Capitalize when referring to the ruler of an independent government, as His 
 Excellency or Your Excellency. In other cases, only when used with name or 
 title that is capitalized. 
 
 EXECUTIVE. Capitalize only when a noun and meaning the President of the 
 United States; lower-case when used as an adjective. 
 
 EXHIBIT. Capitalize Exhibit A, Exhibit 1. 
 
 FIRMS, CORPORATIONS, ETC. 
 
 Smith & Co. (Incorporated); Jones & Co. (Limited); Lincoln Brothers & John- 
 son (Corporation). 
 
 Capitalize Chamber of Commerce of New York, the New York Chamber of Com- 
 merce; lower-case the chamber of commerce; treat "board of trade" in the 
 same manner. 
 
CAPITALIZATION. 
 
 FLAG. Capitalize synonyms ol the United States flag, as the Stars and Stripes, 
 Star-Spangled Banner, Old Glory, etc. 
 
 FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS. 
 
 Capitalize, singular or plural, with the name or standing alone, the title of any 
 ruler, the name of any legislative body and its constituent branches, and the name 
 of domain and its administrative subdivisions when referring definitely to any 
 one of the titles or names given in the following table, but lower-case in any 
 form used as an adjective. 
 
 Table of foreign independent governments of the world. 
 [Compiled from Statesman's Yeaj-Book, 1908.] 
 
 Country. 
 
 Title of ruler. 
 
 Legislative body and branches. 
 
 Domain and adminis- 
 trative subdivisions. 
 
 Abyssinia | King j Empire: Kingdom. 
 
 Afghanistan Ameer \ Kingdom: Province. 
 
 Argentina President National Congress: Senate, House Republic: Province 
 
 of Deputies. Territory. 
 
 Austria-Hungary ' Empire and Kingdom. 
 
 Austria .'. Emperor Parliament (Reichsrath): Upper ' Province. 
 
 House (Herrenhaus), Lower 
 House (Abgeordnetenhaus). 
 
 Hungary ... I King Parliament ( Orszaggyiiles) : Upper j Do. 
 
 House (Forendihaz), Lower I 
 House (Kepviselohaz). 
 
 Belgium do 1 Senate, Chamber of Represents- Kingdom : Province. 
 
 tives. 
 
 Bhutan Deb Rajah, \ State. 
 
 Dharm Rajah 
 (2). 
 
 Bolivia ' President Congress: Senate, Chamber of Dep- Republic: Department, 
 
 uties. Territory. 
 
 Brazil do National Congress: Senate, Cham- i Republic: State. 
 
 ber of Deputies. 
 
 Chile . ..! do do Republic: Province, 
 
 Territory. 
 
 China \ Emperor .% Empire: Province. 
 
 Colombia President Congress: Senate, House of Repre- Republic: Department. 
 
 sentatives. 
 
 Costa Rica do Congress: Chamber of Representa- Republic: Province. 
 
 tives. 
 
 Cuba do Congress: Senate, House of Repre- Do. 
 
 sentatives. 
 
 Denmark. King Rigsdag (or Diet): Landsthing, ! Kingdom: County 
 
 Folkething. (Amt). 
 
 Ecuador President National Congress: Senate, Cham- Republic: Province. 
 
 ber of Deputies. 
 
 France do National Assembly or Congress; Republic: Department. 
 
 Senate, Chamber of Deputies. 
 
 German Empire . Emperor Bundesrat, Reichstag Empire: State, King- 
 dom, Grand Duchy, 
 Duchy, and Princi- 
 pality. 
 
 Greece King Legislative Assembly (Bul6) Kingdom: Nomarchy 
 
 (Province). 
 
 Guatemala President National Assembly Republic: Department. 
 
 Haiti do Senate, Chamber of Communes Do. 
 
 Honduras j do Congress of Deputies Do. 
 
 Italy ! KJng Parliament: Senate, Chamber of Kingdom: Province. 
 
 Deputies. 
 
 Japan Emperor (Mi- Imperial Diet: House of Peers, Empire: Prefecture 
 
 kado). House of Representatives. (Fu and Ken). 
 
 Korea Emperor i Kingdom: Province. 
 
 Liberia President Parliament: Senate, House of Rep- ; Republic: County. 
 
 resentatives. 
 
 Mexico do Congress: Senate, House of Repre- Republic: State, Terri- 
 
 sentatives. tory. 
 
 Monaco Prince Principality. 
 
 Montenegro do National Assembly or Skupshtina . . Do. 
 
 Morocco Sultan Sultanate: Province. 
 
 Nepal King , Kingdom. 
 
 Netherlands Queen States-General : First Chamber, ! Kingdom : Province. 
 
 Second Chamber. 
 
 Nicaragua President Congress Republic: Department. 
 
 Norway King | Storting: Lagting. Odelsting Kingdom: Amt 
 
 (County). 
 
 Oman Sultan Sultanate. 
 
 Panama President Chamber of Deputies Republic: Province. 
 
 Paraguay : do Congress: Senate, House of Depu- Republic: Department. 
 
 ties. 
 
CAPITALIZATION. 21 
 
 Table of foreign Independent governments of the world Continued. 
 
 Country. 
 
 Title of ruler. 
 
 Legislative body and branches. 
 
 Domain and adminis- 
 trative subdivisions. 
 
 Persia 
 
 Shah 
 
 National Council 
 
 Kingdom' Province 
 
 Peru . 
 
 President 
 
 Congress' Senate House of Repre- 
 
 
 Portugal 
 
 King 
 
 sentatives. 
 Cortes Geraes' House of Peers 
 
 
 Roumania 
 
 do 
 
 House of Commons. 
 Senate Chamber of Deputies 
 
 
 Russia 
 
 Emperor 
 
 Council of the Empire Douma 
 
 
 Salvador 
 
 President 
 
 Congress of Deputies 
 
 
 Santo Domingo.. 
 
 do 
 
 National Congress 
 
 
 Servia 
 
 King 
 
 National Assembly (Narodna- 
 
 
 Siam 
 
 .. do . 
 
 Skupshtina). 
 
 
 Spain 
 
 do 
 
 Cortes' Senate Congress of Depu- 
 
 Do 
 
 Sweden. . 
 
 do 
 
 ties. 
 Parliament (or Diet)' ^irst Cham- 
 
 
 Switzerland 
 
 President 
 
 ber, Second Chamber. 
 Parliament' State Council (Stiin- 
 
 ment (Lan) . 
 
 Turkey 
 
 Sultan 
 
 derath), National Council (Na- 
 * tionalrath). 
 
 Empire' Vilavet 
 
 United Kingdom 
 
 King 
 
 Parliament 4 House of Lords House 
 
 
 of Great Britain 
 and Ireland. 
 
 Australia 
 
 Canada 
 
 Governor -Gen- 
 eral, 
 do 
 
 of Commons. 
 
 Federal Parliament: Senate, House 
 of Representatives. 
 Parliament' Senate House of Com- 
 
 rough, University, 
 Commonwealth: State. 
 
 Uruguay 
 Venezuela 
 
 President 
 do 
 
 mons. 
 Parliament: Senate, Chamber of 
 Representatives. 
 Congress' Senate Chamber of Dep- 
 
 Republic: Department. 
 
 
 
 uties. 
 
 torv. 
 
 FORM. Capitalize Form A, Form 1. 
 
 GEOGRAPHIC NAMES. 
 
 Capitalize the following terms, singular form only, when immediately following 
 name; also the words " Hills," "Islands," and "Mountains" when immediately 
 following the name of a group: 
 
 Aqueduct. 
 Archipelago. 
 Butte. 
 Branch (stream). 
 Canal. 
 Canyon. 
 County. 
 
 Crater. 
 Creek. 
 Dome. 
 Draw (stream). 
 Fork (stream). 
 Gap. 
 Glacier. 
 
 Gulch. 
 Harbor. 
 Head. 
 Hill. 
 Hollow. 
 Island. 
 Mesa. 
 
 Mountain. 
 
 Narrows. 
 
 Nation (Ind.T.). 
 
 Ocean. 
 
 Parish (La.). 
 
 Park. 
 
 Plateau. 
 
 Range (mountain) 
 .Ridge. 
 
 River. 
 
 Run (stream). 
 -Shoal (s). 
 Spring (s). 
 Tunnel. 
 
 Capitalize the following, singular form, either before or after and when a part of 
 the name, also plural form when before name: 
 
 Bay. Dalles. ' Isle. Pass. Sea, 
 
 Bayou. Desert. Lake. Peak. Strait. 
 
 Camp (military). Falls. Mount. Point. Valley. 
 
 Cape. Fort. Oasis. Port. Volcano. 
 
 EXAMPLES: Chesapeake Bay; Bay of Fundy: Massachusetts and Delaware bays; BaysofFundy 
 and Biscay; Delaware River and Bay. Use lower-case for such an expression as "the valleys o'f 
 Virginia and Maryland" (or a like one used in this manner involving any other word in* this 
 list), as there is no valley known as the " Valley of Virginia" or the "Valley of Maryland." 
 
 Treat the following terms the same as those in the preceding list, but capitalize 
 when standing alone and used as a synonym for the name in parentheses, also 
 when used as adjectives: 
 
 Canal Zone (Panama). 
 
 Delta (of the Mississippi River). 
 
 Falls (Niagara). 
 
 Gulf (of Mexico). 
 Isthmus (of Panama). 
 Lakes (Great Lakes) . 
 
 Sound (Long Island; Puget). 
 Peninsula (Spain). 
 
 GEOLOGICAL AGES, ETC. 
 
 The orthography, capitalization, and use of quotations in the terms listed below 
 will be followed in general work. It should be noted, however, that "Coal 
 Measures" is a subdivision of the Carboniferous system; " Calciferous " and 
 "Magnesian" are lithologic subdivisions of the Cambrian and Orclovician, respec- 
 tively; and "Red Beds" is used for Permo-Triassic rocks of the West; and that, 
 these terms, if used in a common-noun sense, are not capitalized or quoted. The 
 adjectives upper, middle, and lower, when used with Cambrian, Ordovician 
 
22 CAPITALIZATION. 
 
 (except Lower Ordovician)f Carboniferous, or Tertiary, are not to be capitalized 
 unless the term is quoted (upper Cambrian ; ' ' Upper Cambrian " ) . Follow copy 
 as to any of the preceding terms. 
 
 Acadian. Devonian: lignitic. Permian. 
 
 Algonkian. Lower. " Magnesian." " Permo-Carboniferous." 
 
 Archean. Middle. magnesian. Pleistocene. 
 
 " Califerons." Upper. Mesozoic. Pliocene: 
 
 calciferous. Eocene: Miocene: post-Pliocene. 
 
 Cambrian: lower. lower. pre-Pliocene. 
 
 lower. middle. middle. Primary. 
 
 middle. upper. upper. Proterozoic. 
 
 pre-Cambrian. Georgian. Mohawkian. Quaternary. 
 
 upper. glacial: Neocene. Recent. 
 
 Carboniferous: interglacial. Oligocene: " Red Beds. 
 
 lower. postglacial. lower, red beds. 
 
 upper. preglacial. middle. Saratogan. 
 
 Cenozoic. Jurassic: upper. Silurian. 
 
 Cincinnatian. Lower. Ordovician: Tertiary. 
 
 "Coal Measures." Middle. Lower. Triassic: 
 
 coal measures. Upper. middle. Lower. 
 
 " Corniferous." "Juratrias." upper. Middle. 
 
 Cretaceous: "Lignitic." Paleozoic. Upper. 
 
 Lower. 
 
 Upper. 
 
 GOVERNMENT. 
 
 Capitalize only when used as a noun and referring to the United States Govern- 
 ment or definitely to a foreign government, singular or plural, as the Government 
 of the United States, the Japanese Government, etc., the Governments of the 
 United States and England, the two Governments, the Government; but when 
 used as an adjective or referring to a dependency, lower-case, as government 
 control, government ownership, government employee, the Canadian govern- 
 ment, etc. ; also in the abstract sense, as this Government is a government; refer- 
 ring to a State of the United States, the state government. 
 
 HEADINGS. Display and center headings to be all capitals unless otherwise 
 indicated. 
 
 HEMISPHERE. See World, Sections of, page 25. 
 
 HISTORICAL PERIODS. Capitalize the Reformation, the Restoration (English), 
 the Renaissance, the Revolution (American, of 1776; French, of 1789: English, 
 of 1687), Revolution of July (French); but lower-case feudal ages, middle ages, 
 golden age, etc. 
 
 HOLIDAYS, ETC. Capitalize Decoration Day or Memorial Day, Washington's 
 Birthday, Good Friday, Easter Sunday, Labor Day, etc. ; a noted day, as Black 
 Friday, etc. ; but blue Monday. 
 
 HOSPITAL. Capitalize only when part of the name of an institution, as Providence 
 Hospital, the hospital; but Fifth Regiment hospital. 
 
 INDIANS. Capitalize such distinguishing terms as Absentee, Eastern, etc., as 
 Absentee Shawnee, Eastern (or Lower) band of Cherokee, Joseph's band, etc.; 
 the Five Civilized Tribes; but Seneca tribe, the Creek Nation, Creek and Cherokee 
 nations, the Six Nations. 
 
 LEGISLATIVE BODIES. Capitalize the names of the principal legislative body 
 and branches of an independent government. Lower-case those of States and 
 Territories. (See also Foreign governments, p. 20.) 
 
 LOCK. Capitalize only in such expressions as Lock 2, Looks 1 and 2, Lock No. 1, 
 Locks Nos. 1 and 2. 
 
 LOWER. Capitalize when part of a name, as Lower California (Mexico), Lower 
 Egypt, Lower (or Upper) Peninsula of Michigan; but lower 
 peninsula unaccompanied by name; lower Mississippi, etc. 
 
 MEMBER OF CONGRESS. Capitalize when referring to a Representative in the 
 Congress of the United States; also Senator and Member, Member and Delegate. 
 
 MILITIA. Capitalize when occurring in connection with the name of any State, 
 either before or following, as the Illinois Militia, the Militia of Ohio. Lower- 
 case when appearing alone, as the militia. 
 

 CAPITALIZATION. 23 
 
 MINT. Capitalize the Bureau of the Mint; lower-case the mint, the Philadelphia 
 mint, etc. 
 
 NATION. When referring to a geographic subdivision of the Indian Territory, 
 capitalize, singular form only, when immediately preceded by name, as Creek 
 Nation, etc.; otherwise lower-case. (See Indians, p. 22.) 
 
 NATIONAL. Capitalize when preceding any word that is capitalized; otherwise 
 lower-case, as the national capital. 
 
 NATIONAL GUARD. Capitalize when occurring in connection with the name of 
 any State, either before or following, as the New York National Guard, the 
 National Guard of Ohio. Lower-case when appearing alone, as the national 
 guard. 
 
 NAVAL. Capitalize when used with proper name, as New York Naval Reserve, 
 Newport Naval Training Station, etc.; otherwise lower-case. 
 
 NAVY. 
 Capitalize the United States Navy; lower-case standing alone and also when used 
 
 as an adjective; the navy, a navy officer, etc. 
 Capitalize its organizations, as Engineer Corps, etc. 
 
 NUMBERS USED AS NAMES. Capitalize when the word following the number is 
 capitalized, as First Regiment, Second Congressional District, Twelfth Census; 
 otherwise lower-case (except name of a street), as One hundred and tenth street, 
 second district, fifth ward, tenth precinct, but Document Numbered One hun- 
 dred and twenty. 
 
 OBSERVATORY. Capitalize United States Naval Observatory, the Astrophysical 
 Observatory; standing alone, the observatory. 
 
 OCCIDENT. See World, Sections of, page 25. 
 
 OFFICE. When this term is part of the name of a bureau, capitalize; otherwise 
 lower-case, as when "office" is used as a synonym for bureau. (See Capitalized 
 titles, p. 28.) 
 
 POLE. See W T orld, Sections of, page 25. 
 
 POLITICAL PARTIES, ETC. Capitalize the Republican party, the People's party, 
 i the Prohibition party; a Democrat, a Prohibitionist; Boxers (in China); a 
 Boxer. 
 
 -PRESIDENT. Capitalize; also any synonymous term when meaning the President 
 of the United States, as Chief Magistrate, Commander in Chief, Executive, His 
 Excellency, etc. Lower-case presidential. 
 
 PROVINCE. Capitalize province (of the Philippines, etc.) when immediately fol- 
 lowing name, as Manila Province; also when synonym of State. 
 
 PROVING GROUND. Lower-case, as Sandy Hook proving ground. 
 
 QUOTATIONS! 
 
 Capitalize the first word of direct and indirect quotations: (1) Terrence said, "In 
 
 fine, nothing is said now that has not been said before;" (2) The question is, 
 
 Shall the bill pass? 
 Quote and capitalize the principal words of a title when introduced thus: A book 
 
 entitled "The House of Seven Gables." 
 Place all points (and 3 stars when used at end of quoted matter) inside the quota- 
 
 tation marks: John B. * * *." 
 Lines which rhyme should have the same indention. 
 Range lines on left in poetry, allowing quotation marks to clear. 
 
 RANGE. Capitalize when part of the name of a mountain chain, singular form 
 only, as the Coast Range; lower-case in descriptions of land, as range 14 west, etc. 
 
 REPUBLIC. Capitalize; only when definite, singular or plural, as the Republics of 
 Argentina and Brazil; but two of the South American republics. 
 
 RESERVATION, RESERVE. Capitalize when immediately following the name of 
 a forest, military, or Indian reservation or reserve, singular form only, but 
 lower-case Fort Leavenworth hay reservation, etc. 
 
 REVOLUTIONARY. Capitalize when referring to the Revolution of 1776, as a 
 Revolutionary soldier, the Revolutionary war. 
 
HE. Referring to a government service capitalize only when name is given; 
 er-case when standing alone. (See Capitalized titles, etc., p. 28.) 
 
 24 CAPITALIZATION. 
 
 ROMAN NUMERALS, ETC. 
 
 Capitalize the terms used with Roman numerals as titles, as Chapter XV, Section 
 
 II, Plate VI, etc. 
 When not a title, or other than Roman numerals are used, lower-case, as abstract 
 
 B, section A (of a land plat, etc.), station B (in surveying, etc.), class 1, volume 
 
 1, chapter 1, etc. 
 
 SCHOOL. Capitalize any service school of the United States Army or Navy; also 
 when part of a proper term, singular form only. 
 
 SCIENTIFIC NAMES. Capitalize the names of genera, families, orders, etc., as the 
 seventeen-year locust or periodical cicada [the insect], Cicada septendecim [the 
 first the name of the genus, the second the name of the species], belongs to 
 the family Cicadidse. Always lower-case the name of the species, unless other- 
 wise instructed or marked in copy. 
 
 SECRETARY. Capitalize when referring to the head of an executive department, 
 as the Secretary of War, etc., the Secretary. 
 
 SERVIC 
 
 lower-case 
 
 SOCIETIES, UNIONS, ETC. Capitalize when immediately associated with name, 
 as Boston Medical Society, Society of the Tennessee. 
 
 SOLDIERS' HOME. Capitalize when name is given, as Soldiers' Home (in the Dis- 
 trict of Columbia only), the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, 
 Central Branch, Eastern Home, Iowa Soldiers' Home, Soldiers' Home of Ohio, 
 etc. ; lower-case home and branch standing alone. 
 
 STATE. 
 
 Capitalize when referring to any one of the States of the United States, and also 
 to a subdivision of any foreign country having the title of " State," either sin- 
 gular or plural form, when occurring as a noun, but lower-case when used as an 
 adjective, as state election, state control. (See Foreign governments, etc., p. 20. ) 
 
 Also capitalize the terms added to groups of States, as North Atlantic, South Atlan- 
 tic, Middle Atlantic, Gulf, Middle, Central, Western, Northwestern, and South- 
 western; but lower-case a term prefixed to any of the foregoing, as eastern Gulf 
 States, eastern North Atlantic States, etc. 
 
 Lower-case in such expressions as affairs of state, church and state, secretary of 
 state of Indiana; also the words statehood, statehouse. 
 
 Lower-case sections of States, as east Illinois, western Kansas, east Tennessee, etc. 
 
 STATION. Capitalize when immediately following the name of a military or naval 
 station of the United States; also Station A or South Side Station, Substation 
 No. 24, Broad Street Station, Union Depot, Union Station, etc. 
 
 STREETS, ETC. 
 
 Lower-case all such terms as alley, avenue, circle, court, lane, place, road, street, 
 and square, except when part of a name, as Park Street Church, etc. 
 
 When referring to Washington, D. C., use the forms (except in tabular matter): 
 First street NW., Four-and-a-half street SW., R street north, M street south, etc. 
 
 SUPERINTENDENT. Capitalize when title is given of the head of a government 
 
 bureau or service. 
 SURVEY. Capitalize when referring to an organized survey of the Government, as 
 
 Geological Survey, or when part of a proper name. Lower-case standing alone. 
 
 TABLE. Capitalize Table A, Table 1. 
 
 TERRITORY. Capitalize when referring to any organized Territory of the United 
 States, singular or plural. Lower-case territorial. (See also Foreign govern- 
 ments, p. 20. ) 
 
 THE. Capitalize when a part of a name, as The Hague, The Dalles (Oreg.), The 
 Weirs (N. H.), etc., and certain geographic formations, as The Buttes (in Sutter 
 County, Cal.), etc.; but the Netherlands. 
 
 TIME. Lower-case eastern, central, mountain, seventy-fifth meridian, standard, etc. 
 
 TITLES OF BOOKS, HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS, ETC. 
 
 Capitalize the principal words in a title, as The Chasm of the Colorado, painted 
 by Thomas Moran; Twelfth Night, a play written by William Shakespeare. 
 
CAPITALIZATION. 25 
 
 Capitalize the first word and proper nouns only of titles of articles in books, mag- 
 azines, and newspapers when referred to in text, and quote: "A story of life in 
 Chicago during the Mexican war." 
 
 Capitalize historical documents, as Constitution (United States), Articles of Con- 
 federation (United States), Bill of Rights, Magna Charta. 
 
 Capitalize short titles, as Bancroft's History, Brown's Grammar. 
 
 Capitalize government documents, reports, etc., as Document No. 2, Report No. 8, 
 but lower-case document and report standing alone; Articles of War, the sixty- 
 second article of war; Book of Estimates, the estimates; Revised Statutes, Stat- 
 utes at Large, referring to the laws of the United States and also those of any 
 State; the New York Code; Supplement to the Revised Statutes; -Journal (House 
 or Senate); calendar when with the name of one of the House or Senate calendars, 
 as Union Calendar, etc. ; Coast Pilot; Nautical Almanac. 
 
 Capitalize Bible; the Scriptures; but Gospel only when referring to one of the 
 four memoirs of Jesus Christ contained in the New Testament. 
 
 TITLES OF COURTESY. 
 
 The prepositions "d'," "da," "de," "della," *'di," "IV "van," "von," etc., 
 in names from foreign languages, when preceded by a forename, a title of nobil- 
 ity, a professional title, or one of courtesy, should be lower-cased; as Charles 
 de Ble, Cardinal da Ponte, Marquis de Lafavette, Mr. de Thou, M. d'Orbigny, 
 Seilor da Ysnaga, General della Santa Maria, Doctor d'Ouvillier, Captain di 
 Cesnola, Admiral van Tromp, Count von Moltke, etc. 
 
 Names from foreign languages, preceded by a preposition without a forename, a 
 title of nobility, a professional title, or one of courtesy, such as "van" in Dutch, 
 "von" in German, "de" or "d"' in French, or "da," "della," or "di" in 
 Italian, should be capitalized; as Van Tromp, Von Humboldt, De Thou, D'Orsay, 
 Da Ponte, Della Crusca, Di Cesnola. 
 
 Capitalize titles used as synonyms of proper names: You will go, Major, to New 
 York; I am anxious about our friend, the Captain; I am, General, yours, etc. 
 
 TOWNSHIP. Capitalize immediately following name, singular form only; lower- 
 case preceding a number, as township 14 north, etc. 
 
 TRADE-MARKS. Capitalize any word used to distinguish a particular article, as 
 Eagle pencil, Stick well paste, etc. When the name is a common word, lower- 
 case and quote, as "force," etc.; when a coined word, lower-case, as sapolio, 
 savogran, etc. 
 
 TREASURY. Referring to the United States Treasury, capitalize the Independent 
 Treasury, the National Treasury, the Public Treasury, the Treasury; but lower- 
 case subtreasury, as the New York subtreasury. 
 
 UNION. Capitalize when a synonym of United States, adjective or noun; also when 
 part of a name of a society, etc. 
 
 UNITED STATES, SECTIONS OF. 
 
 Capitalize the terms East, West, North, South, Middle West, Central West, North- 
 west, Southwest, etc. 
 
 Lower-case when used adjectively, as southern planters, southwestern stock- 
 growers, eastern" manufacturers, western farmers, etc. 
 
 Capitalize the following: Bad Lands (in South Dakota and Nebraska), Cherokee 
 Strip, Cherokee Outlet, Continental Divide, Great American Desert, Great Lakes, 
 the Lakes ; ( referring to the Great Lakes), the Plains, Public Land Strip, Staked 
 Plain, Eastern Shore (of Maryland). 
 
 UPPER. Lower-case when not part of the name of a country, river, etc. (See 
 Lower, p. 22.) 
 
 WAR. Capitalize the names of wars, as the Seven Years' war, the Hundred Years' 
 war, etc. ; referring to the vyars of the United States, war of the Revolution, the 
 Revolutionary war, the civil war, the war of 1812. 
 
 WARD. Lower-case when referring to a municipal subdivision, as the fourth ward, 
 the third and fourth wards, ward 1, wards 1 and 2. 
 
 WORLD, SECTIONS OF. Capitalize the terms "Circle" (except great circle), 
 "Hemisphere," and "Pole" when preceded by name; also the Antarctica (but 
 antarctic fauna, etc.), the Arctics (arctic cold, etc.), the Occident, the Orient. 
 
 ZONE. Canal Zone, Free Zone, Frigid Zone, Temperate Zone, etc., but lower-case 
 the word zone when standing alone. 
 
26 
 
 CAPITALIZATION. 
 
 CAPITALIZED TITLES, ETC. 
 
 The following list will serve as a guide to capitalization, but should not be accepted 
 as complete. Copy editors should indicate deviations: 
 
 Absentee Shawnee. 
 
 Act Bowman, etc., but Tucker and Bowman 
 
 acts. 
 
 Acting Secretary of State, etc. 
 Actuary of the Treasury, 
 administration (national or otherwise). 
 Admiral (of the Navy). 
 Admiralty (British). 
 Agency, Chippewa, etc. 
 Agriculture, Department of: 
 
 Agrostologist. 
 
 Biologist. 
 
 Botanist. 
 
 Chemist. 
 
 Editor. 
 
 Entomologist. 
 
 Forester. 
 
 Librarian. 
 
 Pathologist and Physiologist. 
 
 Pomologist. 
 
 Secretary (Assistant, Acting). 
 
 Soil Physicist, 
 amendments to the Constitution, as fourteenth 
 
 amendment. 
 
 American Federation of Labor. 
 American National Red Cross, 
 antarctic ice. 
 
 Aqueduct, Washington, etc. 
 Aqueduct Bridge. 
 Archipelago, Philippine, etc. 
 arctic seas. 
 Architect (of the Treasury; of theCapitol; but the 
 
 architect). 
 
 Armory, Springfield, etc. 
 Army: 
 
 army (adjective or standing alone). 
 
 A and B companies, Companies A and B. 
 
 Chief of Artillery (the chief). 
 
 Chief of Engineers (the chief). 
 
 Chief of Ordnance (the chief). 
 
 Chief of Staff (the chief). 
 
 Chief Signal Officer (the chief). 
 
 Commissary-General. 
 
 Department of the East (the department). 
 
 First Brigade (the brigade) (hospital). 
 
 General Commanding the. 
 
 General of the. 
 
 General Staff Corps. 
 
 Headquarters of the (headquarters First Reg- 
 iment). 
 
 Inspector-General. 
 
 Judge-Advocate-General. 
 
 Lieutenant-General. 
 
 Major-General Commanding the. 
 
 Quartermaster-General. 
 
 Regulations (army regulation 56). 
 
 service. 
 
 Second and Third regiments. 
 
 Surgeon-General. 
 
 The Adjutant-General (formerly The Military 
 
 Secretary). 
 Army Gun Factory. 
 Army Medical Museum. 
 Army War College. 
 Arsenal, Rock Island, etc. 
 Articles of War. 
 article of war, sixty-second. 
 Artillery School, United States. 
 Asiatic Station, 
 assembly, New York. 
 Associated Press. 
 
 Atlantic slope, coast, and seaboard. 
 Attorney-General. 
 Audito/for the War Department (the auditor). 
 
 band, Eastern, etc., of Cherokees. 
 Bank, First National, etc. 
 belleek ware. 
 Bethlehem Iron Works. 
 Bible or Scriptures, 
 bill, Tillman. 
 
 Bishop of India, Duk* of Argyle, Count of Flan- 
 ders, Prince of Wales, etc. 
 
 Black Friday. 
 
 Black Hand (organization). 
 
 blue Monday. 
 
 B'nai B'rith. 
 
 Board: 
 
 board (standing alone). 
 
 General (of Engineers). 
 
 Naval Examining. 
 
 Naval Retiring. 
 
 of Charities (District of Columbia). 
 
 of Engineers. 
 
 of General Appraisers. 
 
 of Managers of the Soldiers' Home. 
 
 of Ordnance and Fortification. 
 
 of Visitors (Annapolis and West Point). 
 
 of Trade of Philadelphia, etc. 
 
 of Underwriters (New York). 
 
 Taft, etc. 
 
 the Light-House. 
 
 United States Geographic. 
 Book of Estimates. 
 Borough: 
 
 Brooklyn. 
 
 of the Bronx. 
 
 Manhattan. 
 
 Richmond. 
 
 Queens. 
 
 Boxer movement. 
 Bridge (Cabin John Bridge, M Street Bridge, but 
 
 Pennsylvania Railroad bridge) . 
 Brigadier-General Commandant (Marine Corps) 
 Brussels carpet. 
 
 Building, Winder, etc.; Treasury building, 
 buildings, Winder and Logan. 
 Business Men's League. 
 
 Cabinet, the. 
 
 Calendar, Private, etc. 
 
 calendar, the. 
 
 Calendar of Bills and Resolutions. 
 
 Canadian or Russian thistle. 
 
 Canal Zone: 
 
 Bohio dam. 
 
 Culebra cut. 
 
 Isthmian. 
 
 New Panama Canal Company. 
 
 old Panama Canal Company. 
 
 zone. 
 
 Capitol, the, and its parts (Chamber, Dome, 
 Hall, Rotunda, Statuary Hall, Terrace); Capitol 
 grounds, Capitol police. 
 Carnegie Steel Works, etc. 
 Cavalry or Infantry School (United States). 
 Cemetery (Arlington National Cemetery, but 
 
 national cemetery at Arlington) . 
 Census Bulletin No. 420. 
 Census, Tenth, Eleventh, etc. 
 central Asia. 
 
 century, as twentieth century. 
 Chaplain (Senate or House). 
 Charles II of England; Charles the Second. 
 Cherokee Strip or Outlet. 
 Chief Clerk (Senate or House). 
 Chief Intelligence Officer (Navy). 
 Chief Justice (United States Supreme Court). 
 Chief Magistrate. 
 Chief of the Bureau of, etc. 
 Chief of the Record and Pension Division, 
 china ware. 
 
 Chinese Six Companies. 
 Christendom. 
 Christian. 
 Christianity. 
 Christianize. 
 
 Church (when name is given, referring to build- 
 ing, congregation, or sect), 
 cis- Atlantic, etc. 
 City of Mexico. 
 
 Clerk (House of Representatives). 
 Coast Range of mountains. 
 Code, the Mississippi, etc. 
 College, Columbia, etc. 
 Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Dumb. 
 
CAPITALIZATION. 
 
 27 
 
 Commission : 
 
 commission (standing alone). 
 
 Alaskan Boundary Delimitation. 
 
 California Debris. 
 
 Chickamauga and Chattanooga National 
 Military Park. 
 
 Civil Service. 
 
 District. 
 
 Electoral. 
 
 Gettysburg National Military Park. 
 
 International Lake Levels. 
 
 International, of Archaeology and Ethnology. 
 
 International Prison. 
 
 Interstate Commerce. 
 
 Isthmian Canal. 
 
 Merchant Marine. 
 
 Mississippi River. 
 
 Reciprocity. 
 
 Shiloh National Military Park. 
 
 Spanish Treaty Claims. 
 
 to Revise the Laws of the United States. 
 
 to the Five Civilized Tribes. 
 
 to the Philippine Islands. 
 
 United States and Mexican Water Boundary. 
 
 Vicksburg National Military Park. 
 Commissioner of Corporations. 
 Commissioner-General of Immigration. 
 Commissioner of Patents, etc. 
 Commissioners of the District of Columbia. 
 Comptroller: 
 
 of the Currency. 
 
 of the Treasury. 
 Confederate States. 
 Congressman. 
 
 Columbia Typographical Union. 
 Congress, First and Second, etc. 
 congressional. 
 Congressional Directory. 
 Congressional Library. 
 Constitution (United States). 
 Continent, the (Europe), 
 continental. 
 Continental Army. 
 Continental Congress. 
 Continental Divide. 
 Corps: 
 
 Artillery. 
 
 of Engineers. 
 
 of Judge- Advocates. 
 
 Marine. 
 
 Medical. 
 
 Pay. 
 
 Signal. 
 
 council, Choctaw. 
 County, Christian, etc. 
 Court (see also Court style, pp. 43, 44) . 
 
 circuit court of the United States for the 
 southern district of New York. 
 
 court of appeals. 
 
 of Claims. 
 
 of Commissioners of Alabama Claims. 
 
 of Private Land Claims. 
 
 southern district. 
 
 Supreme Bench. 
 
 Supreme Court. 
 
 siipreme court of the District of Columbia. 
 Court of St. James. 
 Creek Nation. 
 
 Dalles, The. 
 
 Damascus steel. 
 
 Dam No. 4. 
 
 Day, Thanksgiving, Independence, Memorial, 
 
 etc. 
 
 Delegate (in Congress). 
 Delta, Mississippi, etc. 
 Department of Justice. 
 
 Director of the Geological Survey, Census, etc. 
 district: 
 
 first assembly. 
 
 third light-house. 
 District. First Congressional. 
 District of Columbia: 
 
 Anacostia flats. 
 
 Avenue (the) referring to Pennsylvania ave- 
 nue. 
 
 Botanic Garden. 
 
 Jail. 
 
 Library (of Congress). 
 
 Mall. 
 
 District of Columbia Continued. 
 
 Monument (Washington). 
 
 Monument grounds. 
 
 Monument lot. 
 
 Museum (National). 
 
 Metropolitan police. 
 
 Potomac fiats. 
 
 Public Library. 
 
 White Lot. 
 Dominion of Canada. 
 Doorkeeper (House). 
 Du Pont Powder Works. 
 
 east African. 
 
 East Coast (Africa). 
 
 east Tennessee. 
 
 East Tennessee Bridge Burners. 
 
 East, the (United States). 
 
 East Washington Citizens' Association. 
 
 Eastern Continent. 
 
 Eastern Hemisphere. 
 
 Eastern Shore (of Maryland) . 
 
 Edward Earl of Dorset. 
 
 Edward VII, or Edward the Seventh. 
 
 Electoral Commission. 
 
 Engine No. 6. 
 
 Engineer Corps. 
 
 Engineer Department. 
 
 Engineer in Chief (Navy). 
 
 Evangelical Alliance. 
 
 executive departments. 
 
 Executive Document No. 95. 
 
 executive order. 
 
 Executive Order No. 34. 
 
 Far East. 
 
 Fleet, Pacific, etc. (naval). 
 Forty-niner, an old. 
 Freedman's Savings Bank, 
 friar lands. 
 
 General Assembly (Presbyterian Church). 
 
 Gentile. 
 
 German silver. 
 
 Gold Coast (Africa). 
 
 gospel (but Gospel, referring to first four books of 
 
 the New Testament). 
 Gothic architecture, 
 gothic (style of type). 
 Government: 
 
 British, etc. 
 
 Federal. 
 
 General. 
 
 Imperial. 
 
 National. 
 
 Royal, 
 government, seat of. 
 Government Hospital for the Insane, 
 governor. 
 
 Governor-General (of Canada). 
 Grand Army of the Republic.- 
 Grand Army post (but Post No. 63, etc.). 
 Great Lakes (the Lakes). 
 Gulf, the (of Mexico). 
 Gulf coast. 
 
 haikwan tael. 
 
 Hague, The. 
 
 Harbor, Boston, etc. 
 
 harve^ized plates. 
 
 headquarters, Washington's, etc. 
 
 Heaven (Deity), heaven (place). 
 
 Her Majesty, His Majesty. 
 
 High School, Central, etc. 
 
 Highway Bridge (Washington, D. C.). 
 
 Hill No. 1. 
 
 Hills Nos. 1 and 2. 
 
 His Excellency the Duke of Athol. 
 
 his excellency the governor. 
 
 Hospital. Providence, etc. 
 
 House, Ebbitt, etc. (meaning a hotel). 
 
 House Calendar. 
 
 House Office Building. 
 
 Hydrographer. 
 
 Independent Catholic Church (Philippines) . 
 
 International Bureau of the American Republics. 
 
 imperial edict. 
 
 india ink. 
 
 india rubber. 
 
 Indian corn. 
 
 Irish potatoes. 
 
 
28 - 
 
 CAPITALIZATION. 
 
 island of Cuba. 
 Isthmus (Panama). 
 
 Jersey cattle. 
 
 jersey cloth or jacket. 
 
 Jim Crow (noun or adjective). 
 
 Judge- Advocate-General (army or navy). 
 
 Journal clerk. 
 
 Journal of the House (or Senate). 
 
 Krag-Jorgensen. 
 
 Kuklux Klan (organization). 
 
 Kwong Sui, sixth year, ninth moon. 
 
 Lake Michigan. 
 
 Lakes Erie and Huron. 
 
 legislature (Ohio; New York assembly, etc.). 
 
 Letters Patent No. 5. 
 
 Levant, the. 
 
 levant ine silk. 
 
 London purple. 
 
 lyonnaise (adjective). 
 
 Librarian of Congress. 
 
 Library of Congress. 
 
 Light-House Board, Service, and Establishment. 
 
 light,- light-house, light-vessel, Highland light. 
 
 Lima beans. 
 
 Line, Cunard, etc. (steamship). 
 
 lower House of Congress. 
 
 manila (product). 
 Merino sheep, 
 merino wool or cloth. 
 Mikado. 
 
 Military Academy (United States) (the acad- 
 emy). 
 Militia: 
 
 First Regiment Ohio. 
 
 Indiana. 
 
 Naval, of the United States. 
 
 Naval, Pennsylvania. 
 
 New York Naval Reserve. 
 Mississippi Delta, etc. 
 Mississippi River Valley, 
 morocco leather. 
 
 National Bank Redemption Agency. 
 
 National Board of Health. 
 
 National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers. 
 
 National Legislature. 
 
 National Medical Museum. 
 
 National Park, Yellowstone, etc. 
 
 National Treasury. 
 
 Naval Academy (the academy). 
 
 Naval Asylum. 
 
 Naval Gun Factory. 
 
 Naval Militia (the entire body). 
 
 Naval Observatory. 
 
 naval station, Key West, Fla.; Newport (R. I.) 
 
 Naval Training Station, etc. 
 Naval Reserves (New York, etc.). 
 Naval War College. 
 Netherlands, the. 
 New World. 
 
 New York City, city of New York. 
 Night Riders (organization). 
 North Atlantic Squadron. 
 North Pole. 
 North, the. 
 
 Office: 
 
 office (standing alone). 
 Building (House or Senate). 
 General Land. 
 Government Printing. 
 
 Hydrographic. 
 Nautical Al 
 
 ilmanac. 
 
 of Experiment Stations. 
 
 of Indian Affairs. 
 
 of Naval Intelligence. 
 
 of Naval War Records. 
 
 of Public Roads. 
 
 Patent. 
 
 Pension. 
 
 Record and Pension. 
 Official Reporter (Senate or House). 
 Old World. 
 
 One hundred and twenty-fifth street. 
 Order of Business No. 56. 
 Ordnance Department. 
 
 Orient, the. 
 oriental customs. 
 
 Pacific coast, slope, and seaboard. 
 
 Panamanian. 
 
 Paris green. 
 
 Parish, Caddo, etc. 
 
 parliamentary. 
 
 Parliament (houses of). 
 
 Pass, Passes, Head of Passes (Mississippi River). 
 
 pasteurized milk. 
 
 Pay Department. 
 
 Paymaster-General (army or navy). 
 
 Penitentiary, Albany, etc. 
 
 Philippine Constabulary. 
 
 plaster of Paris. 
 
 President -of the Senate 
 
 President proiemj>ore (Senate). 
 
 Portland cement. 
 
 Porto Rico Provisional Regiment, but Porto Rico 
 
 regiment. 
 Postal Union. 
 Postmaster-General . 
 Postmaster (Senate or House), 
 post-office appropriation bill. 
 Printing Office (Government Printing Office). 
 Prussian blue. 
 Public Land Strip. 
 Public Printer. 
 
 Reform School of District of Columbia. 
 
 Reformatory, Elmira, etc. 
 
 Regent (Smithsonian Institution). 
 
 Register (Treasury). 
 
 Representative (in Congress). 
 
 Resident Commissioner (Porto Rico). 
 
 Reporter (Senate or House). 
 
 reporters of the Senate or House. 
 
 Republican. 
 
 Republican national convention. 
 
 Reservation, Great Sioux, etc. 
 
 Revised Statutes. 
 
 roman (style of type). 
 
 route No. 12466, mail route No. 1742, railway mail 
 
 route No. 1144. 
 russia leather, 
 royal command. 
 Rule XXI. 
 rule 21. 
 Rules and Articles of War. 
 
 School (Girls' Reform School, etc., also any service 
 
 school of the United States Army or Navy), 
 schools, Peabody and Brent. 
 Scriptures, Holy Writ, New and Old Testaments 
 
 (the Bible), biblical. 
 
 Secretary of State, etc. (United States) (the Sec- 
 retary). 
 Secretary: 
 
 secretary (standing alone). 
 
 of the Senate. 
 
 of the Smithsonian Institution. 
 
 to the President. 
 Senate Chamber. 
 
 Senator (in Congress) . Adjective: senatorial. 
 Sergeant-at-Arms (Senate or House). 
 Service: 
 
 service (standing alone). 
 
 Forest. 
 
 Immigration. 
 
 Internal-Revenue. 
 
 Life-Saving. 
 
 Public Health and Marine-Hospital. 
 
 Railway Mail. 
 
 Reclamation: 
 
 Revenue-Cutter. 
 
 Revenue-Marine. 
 
 Rural Delivery. 
 
 Secret (Treasury). 
 
 Steamboat-Inspection . 
 Six Nations. 
 
 Smithsonian Institution. 
 Solicitor for the Department of State. 
 Solicitor-General (Departments of Justice and 
 
 Commerce and Labor). 
 Solicitor of Internal Revenue. 
 Solicitor of the Treasury. 
 South, the. 
 
 Speaker, and Speaker pro tempore (House). 
 Squadron, North Atlantic, etc. (naval). 
 Statistical Abstract. 
 
CAPITALIZATION COMPOUND WORDS. 29 
 
 Statutes at Large. 
 Straits of Magellan, etc. 
 Subsistence Department. 
 Superintendent: 
 
 General, Life-Saving Service. 
 
 Trenton pottery. 
 
 Tropic of Cancer, Capricorn. 
 
 Tropics, the. 
 
 tropical plants. 
 
 trust, Steel, Whisky, etc. 
 
 _ o ButUUngB and Grounds. I Union Station, Union Passenger Station, etc. 
 
 of the Coast and Geodetic Survey. United Press. 
 
 of the Naval Observatory. j upper House of Congress. 
 
 of the United States Capitol Building and 
 
 Grounds Venetian blinds. 
 
 Supervising Architect, the architect (Treasury). | Vice-President (of the United States). 
 Supervising Inspector-General (Steamboat-In- 
 spection Service) . War College building. 
 Supplement to Revised Statutes. wedgwood ware. 
 Surgeon-General (army, navy, and Public Health West Coast (Africa). 
 
 and Marine-Hospital Service). White Caps (organization). 
 
 Survey: White House: 
 
 survey (standing alone). 
 Biological. 
 Board of Inspection and. 
 Coast and Geodetic. 
 Geological. 
 Lake, 
 surveyor-general. 
 
 T cloth. 
 
 thistle, Canadian or Russian. 
 Treasurer of the United States, 
 treasurer,, assistant, of the United States, assist- 
 ant treasurer at New York, etc. 
 Treasury Regulations (book). 
 
 Blue Room. 
 
 East Room. 
 
 Red Room. 
 
 State Dining Room. 
 
 the Blue and East rooms._ 
 
 X rays. 
 
 Zone: 
 
 Canal. 
 
 Free. 
 
 Frigid. 
 
 Temperate. 
 Zoological Park, the Zoo. 
 
 COMPOUND WORDS. 
 
 (See also Age, Bonds and stocks, and Percentage, p. 31.) 
 
 Follow Webster's International Dictionary generally in the use or omission of the 
 hyphen or space between words. (See also Vocabulary of double words, p. 76.) 
 Compound adjectives generally take the hyphen: A 12-inch main, a 75-horsepower 
 engine, asked-for opinion, iron-ship builder, light-green color, national-bank notes, 
 sea-island cotton, state-bank notes, twenty 10-horsepower automobiles. Care must 
 always be taken not to confuse the qualifying word with the subject word; for 
 instance, a shoemaker can be a German shoemaker, and, if he makes wooden shoes, 
 a wooden-shoe maker. Also observe the following forms: Young school-teacher, 
 common-school teacher, high-school teacher, public-school teacher, etc. 
 
 A present or past participle With a noun or adjective may take the hyphen in such 
 expressions as the following: Always wind-obeying deep; well-dealing countrymen; 
 dark-working sorceress; soul-killing witches; fool-begged patience; sap-consuming 
 winter. 
 
 Adverbs ending in "ly" are not usually compounded with adjectives which they 
 qualify ; as, " a nicely kept lawn. ' ' But words like ' ' above, " " ill, " " well, " "so, " 
 etc., are compounded in such expressions as "the well-known writer," "the so- 
 called tariff reform, " " this ill-advised expenditure. " "the last-named article, " etc. 
 
 Fractions, when spelled, will be compounded: One twenty-first, one-fifth, eighty- 
 one one-hundredths, one one-hundredth, the one-hundredth part, one one-hundred- 
 and-twentieth, two one-hundred-and-twenty-sixths. (See also Fractions, p. 31. ) 
 
 When usecFadjectively, the expressions "first-class," "second-class," etc., are to 
 be hyphenated; otherwise they should be printed as two words: A first-class passage, 
 a man of the first class, a work of the second class, etc. 
 
 Omit the hyphen in such Latin forms as "an ex officio member," "ante bellum 
 days," "prinia facie evidence," "per diem employees," "quasi judicial opinion," etc. 
 
 Mr. So-and-so. 
 
 The following rule governing work of the United States Geological Survey will be 
 used generally for similar terms in other work: The use of hyphens in petrographic 
 terms is based on the single principle that like names are connected by a hyphen and 
 unlike names are not. The names used in such terms are of four classes (a) rock 
 names, (b) mineral names, (c) textural names, and (d} names expressing the kind 
 of clastic aggregation. Any two or more names of either class are connected by a 
 hyphen; others are not. The principal names of classes c and d are as follows: (c) 
 Felsophyre, gneiss, porphyry, schist, vitrophyre; (d) agglomerate, breccia, conglom- 
 erate, sand, tuff. To illustrate, a term that, according to this principle, is not hyphen- 
 ated should remain without the hyphen when it becomes a compound adjective 
 modifying some other word; for example, bostonite porphyry, bostonite porphyry 
 dike; actinolite-magnetite schist, mineral-mineral rock; regirite granite porphyry, 
 
30 COMPOUNDS DATE LINES FIGURES. 
 
 mineral rock texture; andesite-basalt, rock-rock; andesite breccia, rock clastic; ande- 
 site porphyry, rock texture; augite porphyry, mineral texture; granite gneiss, rock 
 texture; granite-monzonite, rock-rock; granite-syenite porphyry, rock-rock texture; 
 quartz monzonite-pegmatite, mineral rock-rock; quartz monzonite porphyry, mineral 
 rock texture; quartz norite, mineral rock; quartz norite gneiss, mineral rock texture; 
 quartz porphyry, mineral texture; quartz porphyry tuff, mineral texture clastic. 
 
 DATE LINES. 
 
 Capitalize the principal words. 
 
 A date at beginning of letter or paper is to be placed at right of page, indented 
 1, 3, or 5 ems, according to the number of lines. 
 
 Copy editors should indicate caps, small caps, and italic. 
 
 When at end of letter or paper, to be placed at left of page, using roman caps and 
 lower-case if above signature, caps, small caps, and italic if below signature. 
 
 [Above.] [Below.] 
 
 D Steubenville, Ohio, July 30, 1906. D STEUBENVILLE, OHIO, July 28, 1906. 
 
 DJuly 28, 1906. D JULY 30, 1906. 
 
 THE WHITE HOUSE, D D D 
 Washington, D. C., January 1, 1906. D 
 
 THE W T HITE HOUSE, July 30, 1906. D 
 
 TREASURY DEPARTMENT, D D D D D 
 
 OFFICE OF AUDITOR FOR THE STATE AND OTHER DEPARTMENTS, ODD 
 
 Washington, D. C., May 4, 1903. Q 
 
 TREASURY DEPARTMENT, July 30, 1905. n 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR, D D D 
 
 July 30, 1906. D 
 
 OFFICE OF JOHN SMITH & Co. , D D D 
 26 Bill Street, New York, N. Y., June 6, 1907. D 
 
 WASHINGTON, May 20, 1907 10 a. m. D 
 THURSDAY, MAY 5, 19052 p. M. n 
 
 WASHINGTON, December 20, 1907. D D D 
 (Received January 6, 1898.) n 
 
 FIGURES. 
 
 Definite rules that will govern in all cases as to what should go in figures and what 
 should be spelled out can not be given. General rules which will serve as a guide 
 follow. 
 
 Spell out figures beginning a sentence or where immediately following a colon, 
 except in tables, ordinal numbers at the beginning of paragraphs or sentences in 
 certain cases, and complex numbers beginning questions or answers in testimony. 
 
 Ordinal numbers: 1. The earth is round. (2) "The sun do move." But when 
 copy reads "1st," etc., spell: First. The moon is not green cheese. 
 
 In testimony: 
 
 Q. In what year was that? A. 1906. 
 
 Q. 1906? A. Yes, sir. 
 
 Q. What was the amount involved? A. $101.50 (complex number). 
 
 Q. How much was the sum? A. Five (or fifteen, or sixty-seven) dollars. 
 
 Amounts or numbers larger than 1,000, if spelled, are expressed thus: One 
 thousand eight hundred and fifty dollars (not eighteen hundred and fifty dollars), 
 one thousand two hundred tons (not twelve hundred tons). 
 
 Serial numbers, in which case the comma is omitted, should be given the form 
 expressed in the parentheses above. 
 
 Spell out numbers mentioned casually, or by way of illustration, or in connection 
 with serious and dignified subjects: 
 
 In nine hundred and ninety-nine cases out of every thousand. 
 
 The twelve Apostles. 
 
 The seven wise men of Greece. 
 
 But, proportion of 1 to 4; 1 : 62,500 (note equal space each side of colon). 
 
FIGURES. 31 
 
 AGE. My age is 52 years and 6 months; a boy 6 years old; a boy about 6 years old; 
 3-year-old colt; 3-months-old child; wine 8 years old; wine 4 or 5 years old. 
 
 BONDS AND STOCKS. Gold is 109; Metropolitan Railroad, 109; 5-20 bonds; 10-40 
 bonds; 7.30 bonds; 3.65 bonds; 4J per cent bonds; 3 per cent bonds; 3 percents. 
 When the word "bonds" does not follow the designating expression, spell out, 
 as five-twenties, ten-forties, three-sixty-fives, four-and-a-halfs, threes, etc. 
 
 DATES. 
 
 June 29, A. D. 1882; December 6, 1846; the 1st of January, 1883; June 12; the 
 5th instant; the 20th day of March; the 1st (day) of the month; the last of April 
 or the first of May; July 4, 1776, was the great 'day which gave to the world the 
 celebrated Declaration of Independence, and now our Fourth of July is something 
 to be remembered by all patriotic Americans; 4th of July claims. 
 Spell such expressions as "the early seventies," "it occurred in the eighties." 
 When a fiscal year or a year beginning in one year and extending into the follow- 
 ing year is intended: 1875-76, 1801-2, except 19,00-1901; when a period of more 
 than two years is intended: 1875-1879, 1895-1904; when two or more years are 
 intended: *1894, 1895; 1873, 1876; 1888, 1891, 1894. This applies to dates only; 
 in page folios, etc., repeat the number in full. 
 
 DECIMALS. Use figures for decimals and. supply cipher when there is no unit, as 
 0.25; 20 ounces of silver, 0.900 fine; it costs $0.3365 per pound; scrap, at 0.75 
 cent per pound; referring to caliber of small arms, .30 caliber, .45-caliber Spring- 
 field rifle, distinguishing, however, when used to describe the length of a gun, 
 as a 6-inch rapid-fire rifle, 50 calibers. 
 
 DEGREES, ETC. 
 
 Longitude 77 04' 06" east, latitude 49 26' 14" north; a polariscopic test of 85 
 (or degrees); 45.5 below zero; an angle of 57; 3 / 5" (3 feet 5 inches); 25 7 .5 or 
 25. 5' as written. 
 
 When spelled, one hundred and fifty-second degree; tenth meridian of latitude. 
 
 DIMENSIONS. In text use the form 8 by 12 inches; but 8 x 12 inches or 8 x 12" to 
 be used in leader work, tables, or "fol." when so indicated in copy. 
 
 DISTANCES. To be expressed in figures, as 50 miles, 17 yards, 8 leagues, 9 centi- 
 meters, 5 feet 6 inches; about 10 miles. 
 
 ENUMERATIONS. 
 
 Use figures for all definite enumerations of weights and measures, and such as the 
 following: There were 20 males and 25 females, 45 in all; 6 horses, 5 cows, 26 
 head of sheep; 25 bulletins, containing 352 pages; the population of Chicago is 
 1,800,000, of whom 250,000 are voters; a hamlet of 18 persons. But when com- 
 plicated spell, as twenty-five 6-inch guns, two f-inch boards, five 5-cent pieces. 
 
 Spell out when referred to indefinitely, as between two and three hundred horses, 
 forty-odd people (but one hundred and odd men not one hundred odd men); 
 the population is forty or fifty thousand. 
 
 FRACTIONS. Spell common fractions where isolated, as one one-hundredth, two 
 one-hundred-and-twenty-sixths, one-fourth. If latter is written one-quarter, do 
 not change. 
 
 MEASURES. Use figures in all cases, as 40 bushels, 1 gallon, 6 acres. 
 
 MONEY. 
 
 If denomination is given, use figures. At $3 per 200 pounds; 75 cents apiece; 
 
 2.5 francs per yard; $0.7525 per ounce; 2 4s. 6d.; Indian rupees should be 
 
 Rs. 3,225,644, not Rs. 32,25,644. 
 Spell out such expressions as a million of dollars; a million and a half; one or two 
 
 millions; millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute. 
 (See also Compound words, p. 29, and Foreign coins, p. 53.) 
 
 PERCENTAGE. 12 per cent, 25.5 per cent; but one-half of 1 per cent. Never use 
 hyphen in such expressions as 12 per cent interest, etc. 
 
 SCRIPTURAL TEXTS. Genesis xv, 24; II Samuel viii, 9-13; St. Matthew vii, 5. 
 SPECIFIC GRAVITY. Use the period, as 1.100, 0.980. 
 
32 FIGURES FOL. , ETC. ITALIC LEADER WORK. 
 
 SUPERIORS AND INFERIORS Use superiors with reference letters, as A 1 , A 2 , 
 or a 1 , a' 2 , etc. Use inferiors in chemical formulas, as A1 2 O 3 , and always close up. 
 
 TIME. 4.30 p. m. (use period to separate hours and minutes); 4 o'clock and 30 
 minutes p. m.; half past 4. In scientific work, 4 h 30"'; 4 h .5 or 4.5 h , as indicated. 
 Length of time always should be spelled out. 
 
 VOTES, BALLOTS, ETC. 75 votes; 50 ballots; 300 voters; 167 Democrats; 14 or 15 
 majority. 
 
 WEIGHTS. 12 pounds; 4 hundredweight; 2 ounces. 
 
 FOL. FOL. LIT.- FOL. TYPE AND STYLE. 
 
 [See also Supreme Court records, p. 43.] 
 
 Copy marked "fol." means to follow signs, symbols, figures, italics, abbreviations, 
 compounds (hyphen or space), idiomatic words and expressions, and &c. or etc., but 
 not necessarily capitalization nor punctuation. Anything else to be followed should 
 be indicated on the copy or written instructions furnished. All orthography in 
 "fol." matter is good that has the sanction of any dictionary. 
 
 Copy marked "fol. lit." means to follow abbreviations, accents, capitalization, 
 figures, italics, paragraphs, punctuation, signs, symbols, spelling, syntax, and com- 
 pounding of words. 
 
 "Fol. type and style" means "fol. lit." except typographical and manifest errors. 
 
 ITALIC. 
 
 Names of vessels should be set in italic, except in tables and footnotes to same 
 (but cruiser No. 14, dredge No. 65, etc.), indexes, lists set in columns (unless other- 
 wise indicated) , and Supreme Court work. 
 
 The words "see," "see also," etc., to be in italic in indexes only (unless other- 
 wise indicated) . 
 
 Italic will not be followed in general work, either for foreign words or to denote 
 emphasis, unless specially prepared. 
 
 Scientific names of genera and species are to be in italic; names of classes, orders, 
 families, etc., in roman. 
 
 LEADER WORK. 
 
 To have the same style as tables in the following particulars: "Continued" (the 
 use of); flush and sub heads; indentions; numerical expressions in reading columns; 
 ranging words in figure columns and figures in reading columns; units of quantity at 
 right in reading columns. 
 
 Width of figure column to be an en space more than the longest line of figures; 
 but no column less than 2 ems. 
 
 When the last column is reading matter, run leaders close up. 
 
 Names of vessels and scientific names of genera and species to be in italics. 
 
 Avoid white>space between last word and leaders, if possible. 
 
 DASHES. Use parallel dashes in figure columns when necessary to cut off from 
 figures following. In leaded leader work omit lead above and below dashes. 
 
 DATE COLUMNS. The same style as in tables, except that a thin period and en 
 space are used to separate from item on the right. 
 
 DOLLAR MARK. Use only at beginning of each statement and first line of 
 double-up matter or at the head of a continued statement. 
 
 FLUSH HEADS AND SUBHEADS are not to run into figure columns. 
 
LEADER WORK MISCELLANEOUS. 33 
 
 UNITS OF QUANTITY. 
 
 When a column is composed of a quantity of one kind and it is desired to use a 
 head, it will be in 6-point roman centered over the figure column. The 
 examples below show the style to be observed when there is a short side head 
 to the left (note the lead under 6-point head in solid matter): 
 Pennsylvania Railroad: Tons. 
 
 Freight carried 221, 000 
 
 Baltimore and Ohio Kailroad: 
 
 Freight carried Tons. 
 
 In the month of May . 150 000 
 
 When there is no side head: 
 
 Freight carried by the Pennsylvania Railroad and the Baltimore and Tons. 
 Ohio Railroad in the month of May 371, 500 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 ACCENTS. 
 
 Omit the diaeresis in such words as aerate, cooperation, preemption, reexamine, 
 
 zoology, etc., and accent in "ampere" and derivatives. 
 Use accents in foreign names and words unless otherwise directed. 
 The following is a partial list of words in common use in which accented letters 
 
 occur: 
 
 attach^. en echelon, lese majeste. rale. 
 
 charge d'affaires. en regie. materiel. r6gime 
 
 contrere. entree. matinee. resume. 
 
 coup d'etat. entrep6t. melee. r61e. 
 
 coup de grace, expose. nee. r61e d'equipage. 
 
 creche, lacade. papier-mache. senor 
 
 debris. faience. proces verbal, soiree. 
 
 en arnere. habitue. protg. vis6, visaed. 
 
 CENTER LINES. 
 Copy editors will take full responsibility for uniformity in center lines, and no 
 
 changes are to be made without their consent. 
 
 Avoid, when possible, the division of words in center lines making two lines only. 
 Use an en space between words in small-cap and two 3-em spaces in cap lines, and 
 
 an em space when an extended face or spaced caps are used, reducing space after 
 
 comma. 
 Cap, small-cap, and cap-and-small-cap center lines are to be separated from text 
 
 by a slug one size less than type used for the center line. 
 In italic center lines and side heads capitalize the first word only, unless proper 
 
 nouns. 
 
 CITATIONS AND CREDITS. 
 
 In text, to be sentences and in parentheses when occurring at end of a sentence, 
 except when page only is given, in which case use lower-case letter and place 
 period outside parentheses. Credits, when centered, to be in brackets. 
 
 Note the following forms: (18 [not 18th] Statutes at Large, p. 25; IV [not IVthl 
 
 William and Mary, p. 40; 126 [not 126th] United States Reports.) 
 DIVISIONS. 
 
 Frequent division of words is undesirable, but do not avoid it entirely at the 
 expense of uniform spacing. 
 
 Do not divide compound words except at the compounding hyphen in any but 
 extreme cases. 
 
 Divisions at the ends of three adjoining lines should not be passed by readers 
 except in extreme cases or in narrow measure. 
 
 Divisions on syllables of two letters should be made but rarely. 
 
 Never divide the last word of a paragraph if it can be avoided; overrun if neces- 
 sary. The last line of a paragraph should contain at least a four-letter word. 
 ELLIPSIS SIGNS. 
 
 In document measure, "line of stars" means 7 asterisks indented 2 ems at each 
 end ot the line, dividing the remaining space evenly between the asterisks; but 
 m case two or more sizes of type are used on a page indent 10-point 2 ems 
 8-point 2 ems, and 6-point 3 ems. 
 
 In other than document measure the copy editors should indicate the number of 
 asterisks and the indentions, to be uniform in all cases. If 3 asterisks are used, 
 separate by an em space; if periods are used, separate by en spaces. 
 5112108 3 
 
34 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 EXTRACTS. When lower-case flush, use an em dash on end of preceding line of 
 text. 
 
 FOOTNOTES. 
 
 Italic superior letters will be used for references unless otherwise indicated. 
 Use two leads above and below the rule and two leads to separate from tabular 
 matter. 
 
 FORMS, SHAPES, ETC. See Shapes, forms, etc., below. 
 
 INDENTIONS. In matter wider than octavo the indentions will be 2 ems; this 
 applies to hanging indentions, signatures, date lines, etc. Extracts in smaller 
 type to have the same indention as the text. 
 
 INDEXES. In indexes when leaders are used and 4>he page folios overrun, retain 
 only the first folio number in the leader line; but when necessary to save an 
 overrun figures may be run back to within an em leader of the text. When 
 the overrun folios make two or more lines, indent evenly not less than 7 ems 
 on the left in full measure and 3 ems in half measure (but when there are clear- 
 ances indent folios 2 ems more than the matter above or below), the folios m 
 excess of even-length lines to be worked into the leader line. When the figures 
 extend back into the leader line, use an en quad between the leaders and the 
 first figure. 
 
 INDIAN NAMES. Follow copy as to the use of spaces and hyphens in Indian 
 proper names; also as to the spelling of tribal names. 
 
 LEADS AND SLUGS. 
 When extracts, etc., are set in smaller type, separate by using two leads in solid 
 
 matter and three leads in leaded matter. When, however, solid extracts occur 
 
 in leaded matter, use two leads only. Before signatures and under date lines m 
 
 leaded matter use one lead only. 
 When captions, date lines, or signatures occur in letters, exhibits, etc., use lull 
 
 slug before and after same, unless matter preceding or following clears. 
 When slugs are specially prepared, use a slug of same body as type. 
 
 POSSESSIVES AND APOSTROPHE. 
 
 Common or proper nouns in the singular, and all nouns m the plural ending with 
 any other letter than s, add apostrophe and s; as, man's, men's, child's, children s, 
 Dennis's, Felix's, Burns' s, Essex's, witness's, countess's. 
 
 Exceptions to the foregoing: Sergeant-at- Arms' room, for righteousness' sake, for 
 conscience' sake, for goodness' sake, for Jesus' sake. 
 
 Plural nouns ending in s add only the apostrophe; as, the boys' swimming hole, 
 the horses' trough, the Charleses' reigns, the Joneses' ball, the countesses' recep- 
 tion, the witnesses' testimony. 
 
 Do not use the possessive form in such expressions as day labor, quartermaster 
 stores, State prison, States rights (referring to the principle). 
 
 Use the singular form for such expressions as printer's ink, 125 miner's inches, a 
 
 pair of 7's. 
 
 REFERENCES. When letters are used for references in explaining diagrams, fig- 
 ures, etc., use italic for lower-case references and roman for caps, not quoted: 
 The bolt a; a pinion, B; angle ab; line CD; points a, 6, c. 
 
 SHAPES, FORMS, ETC. In illustrating shapes or forms, as V-shaped, T rails, etc., 
 use caps of case 135 in 10 point, case 134 in 8 point, and case 133 in 6 point; but 
 for the expression I beam use cap of case 14 in 10 point, case 13 in 8 point, and 
 case 12 in 6 point. Use a roman cap letter for X ray. Plural form of T or Y 
 shape, tees or wyes, as 10 tees, 4 wyes. 
 
 SIDE AND CUT-IN NOTES. 
 To be treated the same as text paragraphs unless otherwise instructed; that is, first 
 
 line indented 1 em and the others flush. 
 Allow 12 ems of 6-point for cut-in notes unless otherwise instructed; bear off at least 
 
 an em from the body of the note above and below and an em space on the inside. 
 Commence cut-in on second line of paragraph, if paragraph is of sufficient depth 
 
 to admit of same. 
 
 The spacing of matter should be governed by the leading. Solid matter should be 
 spaced with 3-em spaces, and words run up rather than divided. Leaded matter 
 also should be spaced with 3-em spaces, but words divided rather than syllables 
 
MISCELLANEOUS ORTHOGRAPHY. 35 
 
 carried up. In double-leaded matter en quads should be used and divisions 
 
 driven over. 
 Avoid, if possible, the very thin or very wide spacing of the first line of a 
 
 paragraph. 
 
 Avoid the use of a dash at the beginning of a line. 
 Always keep together, at the beginning or end of a line, such abbreviations as 
 
 U. S. N., D. 0., N. Y., M. D., etc. The contractions esq., sr., and jr. should 
 
 be always in the same line with the name they follow. 
 In tables of contents, etc., when the word "chapter," "figure," or "plate" is 
 
 used in the first line before numerals in column ("chapter," etc., being cleared 
 
 in following lines), put an en space between the word and numeral in the first 
 
 line and range the periods after the numerals. 
 Enacting and resolving clauses: In document measure space the first line so as to 
 
 conform to the following examples: 
 
 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United 
 Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United 
 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America 
 Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America 
 In law measure, space as follows: 
 
 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives 
 of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That 
 
 Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
 the United States of America in Congress assembled, That 
 
 ORTHOGRAPHY. 
 
 [See also Fol. Fol. lit. Fol. type and style, p. 32.] 
 
 Follow Webster's International Dictionary in spelling and divisions. Observe, 
 however, the following forms: 
 
 afterwards. dato. plat (not plot), 
 
 aftward. downward. pulpstone 
 
 agriculturist. draft, drafting, etc. rake-off (noun), 
 
 aluminum. embed. shellac. 
 
 among or amongst. employee. shellacked 
 
 asbestos. Filipino. sloyd. 
 
 backward. flareback. speakeasy (noun), 
 
 beriberi . forward. standpatters, 
 
 blond. farther (distance) . Subic Bay 
 
 bowlder. further (not distance). thrash, 
 
 canyon. fuse. toward 
 
 carabao. Igorot. upward, 
 
 clew. Kaffir (Kafir, Agricultural De- wharves. 
 
 partment.) while or whilst. 
 
 NATIONALITIES, ETC. 
 
 Argentinian. Dominican. Nicaragua!!. 
 
 Brazilian. Ecuadoran. Panamanian. 
 
 Chilean. Guatemalan. Paraguayan. 
 
 Colombian. Haitian. Porto Rican. 
 
 Costa Rican. Honduranean. Tennessean. 
 
 Cuban. Montenegrin. Venezuelan. 
 
 The plural formations vary, as German, Germans; Englishman, Englishmen. 
 
 The following authorities, in the order given, will govern the spelling of geographic 
 names: 
 
 Decisions of the United States Geographic Board. 
 
 United States Postal Guide. 
 
 International Postal Guide (Dictionnaire des Bureaux de Poste). 
 
 Lippincott's Gazetteer of the World. 
 
 Band, McNally & Co.'s Atlas. 
 
36 PUNCTUATION. 
 
 PUNCTUATION. 
 
 [See also Testimony, p. 42.] 
 
 Proof readers should not change the punctuation in proof sheets when the sense 
 of the text is not affected, unless necessary for uniformity. 
 
 When a city or town and State are used adjectively, put State m parentheses, as 
 Baltimore (Md.) Sun, Boston (Mass.) city council, etc. 
 
 George G. Greene, being sworn and examined, on oath deposes and says: 
 
 Isaac Fuller, sworn, and testified as follows: 
 
 P. L. Kodier, sworn and examined. 
 
 Colonel Seventh Cavalry. 
 
 Captain, Seventh Cavalry. 
 
 Respectfully, yours, 
 
 Yours, respectfully, 
 
 Calendar No., 25. 
 
 Congressional, No. 25. 
 
 Congressional case No. 25. 
 
 Record, case No. 384. 
 
 Term No., 625. 
 
 first session Fifty-third Congress. 
 
 Col. (now Brig. Gen.) Peter C. Hains. 
 
 Painters' Union No. 1. 
 
 New York Painters' Union, No. 1. 
 
 Latitude 40 19' 12" N., longitude 30 08' 14" W. 
 
 In latitude 40 19' 12" N., longitude 30 08' 14" W. 
 
 As we said before, the committee then adjourned. 
 
 If nothing more was done, then why continue the hearing? 
 
 In order to accomplish the work, lose no time now. 
 
 Should it be desired to accomplish the work, go at it with a will. 
 
 Since the work was accomplished without delay, there is no need for quibbling. 
 
 Since last month there has been a continuance each week. 
 
 To stop, the brakes were applied to the front wheels. 
 
 To release the brakes, the attendant was summoned. 
 
 After all, what need we care for such failures? 
 
 In sentences divided by commas, use commas before conjunctions; it divided by 
 semicolons, use semicolons before conjunctions. 
 
 Commas around phrases separating conjunctions from verbs usually should be 
 omitted. " He listened to the statement, and, without further consideration, agreed 
 to the proposition," should read, "He listened to the statement, and without further 
 consideration agreed to the proposition." 
 
 Quote anything preceded by such words as "termed," "entitled, 
 
 3.S ' ' GtC 
 
 Rules for the use of the dash ( ) are ill defined. This mark of punctuation is 
 sparingly used by accomplished writers and printers, and should be avoided if possible. 
 Answer me this question: How can the work be accomplished? 
 Have you any interest in this case? If so, what? 
 Have you any interest in this case? If so, state what. 
 Have you any interest in this case; and if so, what? 
 Have you any interest in this case? And if so, state what. 
 Observe punctuation in the following forms: 
 
 GENERAL ORDERS, \ SPECIAL ORDERS, \ EXECUTIVE ORDER \ 
 
 No. 31. j No. 42. / No. 66. 
 
 GE 
 $2 gold. $2.50 U. S. currency. $3.50 Mexican. 
 
 GENERAL ORDER \ SPECIAL ORDER 1 
 
 No. 1. } No. 1. 
 
SIGNATURES. 37 
 
 SIGNATURES. 
 
 Signatures to be at right of page (except witnesses to a signature, which should be 
 at left, as shown in example) in caps and small caps, indented 1, 3, or 5 ems, accord- 
 ing to the number of lines, the title, etc., following to be as in addresses. Make two 
 lines when signature, title, etc., together make more than half a line. 
 
 Mr., Mrs., or any title preceding a signature set in caps to be caps and small caps. 
 In a list of independent signatures align on the left, bearing off longest name 1 em; 
 use period after each name. 
 
 On behalf of the Philadelphia Chamber of Commerce. 
 
 GEO. W. PHILIPS. 
 SAML. CAMPBELL. 
 H. H. STROHMEYER & Co. D 
 
 [When signature does not make more than half a line, and the line of text above is blank.] 
 D D DVery respectfully, 3 JOHN F. MACKEY, Teacher. D 
 
 In letters in quotation marks when signature is in same line with "Very respect- 
 fully," etc., quote name, as 
 
 ODD" Very respectfully, " Z. T. JENKINSSON." D 
 
 [When line of text above is blank, and address follows signature, if name and title are short 
 they can be made one line, but not run in with any other line; the address to be one line 
 from "Respectfully," etc.] 
 
 D D D Respectfully, JAMES STALEY, ODD 
 
 Superintendent. D 
 DThe SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 
 
 [Never run in with paragraph nor in signature line:] 
 
 D Respectfully submitted. 
 
 L. A. WRIGHT, D D D 
 United States Indian Agent. D 
 [When line of text reaches to or past signature:] 
 
 D D D Very respectfully, 
 
 A. F. CALDWELL, D D D 
 United States Indian Agent. D 
 
 [When a person signs for a corporation, etc. Same style to be used when one person signs for 
 another. Do not use lead to -separate in this case.] 
 
 UNITED STATES IMPROVEMENT COMPANY, D 
 By JOHN SMITH, Secretary. 
 
 WILLIAM L. PENFIELD, nan 
 Solicitor. O 
 By FREDERICK VAN DYNE, 
 
 Assistant Solicitor. Q 
 
 JOHN SMITH DDD 
 (For the Governor of Pennsylvania), n 
 
 NORTH AMERICAN ICE COMPANY, n 
 G. Y. ATLEE, Secretary. 
 
 JOHN W. SMITH n D D 
 (and 25 others). D 
 
 JOHN (his x mark) SMITH. D 
 [" Signed " will be separated 3 ems from signature. Note the two cases following:] 
 
 (Signed) D D D JOHN S. HENDERSON, D D D 
 (Signed) JNO. A. CALDWELL, 
 
 Committee on the part of the House of Representatives. D 
 [Observe lead.] (Signed ) D D D WM. F. VILAS, 
 
 (Signed) JAMES MCMILLAN, 
 
 Committee on the part of the Senate. D 
 
 D D Dl am, very respectfully, yours, etc., 
 
 (Signed) D D D JOHN RANDOLPH, n D D 
 Assistant Clerk Court of Claims. D 
 
38 SIGNATURES - TABULAR WORK. 
 
 Ten or more signatures, and not exceeding 20, to be in half measure, longest line 
 1 em from right; but when the number exceeds 20 to be in full measure, lower-case, 
 indented .5 and 7 ems, as follows: 
 
 nnnnnBrown, Shipley & Co.; Deniiistoun, Cross & Co.; Fruhling & Gosclien; C. J. Hambro & Sons; 
 jDDDHardy, Nathan & Co.; Heilbut, Symons & Co.; Henckel du Boisson & Co.: Hoare, Miller 
 DQDUDDD& Co. 
 
 [When signature touches matter above, use a lead to separate.] 
 
 D D Dl have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 
 
 S. P. LANGLEY, Secretary. D 
 [In 10-point run "I have the honor to be" in with text, as:] 
 
 when I hear from you. I have the honor to be, 
 D D D \ 7 erv respectfully, your obedient servant, 
 
 . H. POINDEXTEE. D 
 
 [The word "seal," when used officially, is indented 1 em from left; when in personal signature, 
 
 at right. Place 1 em between "seal " and signature.] 
 
 n r<sTTAT 1 KICHARD ROE, D D D 
 
 Notary Public, a 
 
 J. M. WILBUR. [SEAL.]D 
 
 BARTLETT, ROBINS & Co. D [SEAL.] n 
 [Note style as to witnesses:] 
 Din presence of 
 D D DA. B. BROWN. 
 
 JOHN DOE. 
 Attest: 
 
 [Papers signed by an official, showing approval:] 
 
 DBy the governor: 
 
 NATHANIEL Cox, Secretary of Hate. D 
 
 D Approved. 
 
 JOHN SMITH, Governor, n 
 [In Statutes at Large, at end of proclamations, etc.:] 
 
 DBy the President: 
 D D DELIHU ROOT, 
 
 Secretary of State. 
 
 TABULAR WORK. 
 
 [See also Abbreviations, p. 13.] 
 ABBREVIATIONS. 
 
 Units of quantity (lower-case, except No.) to the right of reading columns and m 
 italic (capitalized) over figure columns, to be spelled when possible. When 
 the space available requires a contraction, use the following forms: dolls., 
 dwt, galls., Ibs., oz. (for ounce or ounces), bbls., cwt., yds., ft., in. (for inch or 
 inches), doz., bush., M, sq. feet, M feet, cu. (for cubic), kilo (for kilogram). 
 
 When over figure columns, use the forms a. m. for antemeridian; Ft. in. for feet 
 and inches; H. m. s. for hours, minutes, and seconds; p. m. for postmeridian; 
 and s. d. for pounds, shillings, and pence; Mm. for millimeter. 
 
 In columns of names of persons follow the copy as to abbreviations of given names; 
 but well-known abbreviations of names must be used to save overruns. 
 
 Brother, Brothers, or Company when part of a firm name, and Railroad or Rail- 
 way where preceded by name, are to be abbreviated Bro., Bros., Co., R. R., Rwy. 
 
 Use the following form for street: Four-and-a-half street sw. ; R street nw. ; Eighth 
 street se. But when width of column will not permit of spelling, the follow- 
 ing forms may be used in numbered streets throughout table to save overruns: 
 4} street nw., 8th street se., etc. 
 
 Months should not be abbreviated in stub columns of tables unless necessary to save 
 overruns; and in box heads only when so prepared. 
 
 BOX HEADS. 
 
 To be solid; centered, except when column is 10 ems or more m width and the 
 matter makes three lines or more, in which case make a hanging indention. 
 Run-up heads are indented an en space at the beginning of the line and bear 
 off an en space when reaching the rule at the top, and if they make two lines, 
 center the second; if three lines, make a hanging indention. 
 
TABULAE WOKK. 39 
 
 To run across wherever practicable; if necessary to run up, reduce to minimum 
 depth. If one head is required to run up, run all heads up over figure columns 
 in the same table. Avoid running up over reading and date columns. 
 
 To be borne off an em space above and below rule except when heads run up. 
 
 When A single box exceeds the depth of a double or triple box, place the extra 
 space in the lowermost box. 
 
 When a head is composed of double boxes or a greater number, the greatest num- 
 ber of lines in the top box will control the depth of all the top boxes; so also in 
 each of the other boxes. Occasionally the top box of a triple box head may 
 be of such depth as to make a better appearance by allowing its bottom rule to 
 align with the bottom rule of the second box. 
 
 In boxes containing two lines the first line to be the longer when possible, but do 
 not sacrifice good appearance by dividing short words or making 2-letter divisions 
 in wide columns. 
 
 Spell months in box heads unless otherwise prepared. 
 
 In parallel tables where a box head is divided, repeat for each page. 
 
 Referring to quantity or things, spell the word* "number" in box heads when 
 possible. 
 
 Letters are not to be filed where crowding is necessary. 
 
 BRACES. Braces preferably to be placed on right of rule. 
 
 CENTER, FLUSH, AND SUB HEADS. 
 
 Use a full blank line above all center heads in stub. Where a parallel dash, run- 
 over, etc., in another column furnishes a blank space above the head do not add 
 an extra blank; this applies to years used as heads, but not in date columns. 
 
 When the center head will clear the reading matter below, and there are leaders, 
 use a line of en quads only; if no leaders below and the center head will clear 
 at least an en space, omit blank, but if it clears less than an en space, use an 
 en-quad line. Otherwise use full blank below. 
 
 Use a colon after a flush head and an em dash after each subordinate head. 
 The copy editor should indicate when to do otherwise. 
 
 (See also Date columns, below. ) 
 
 CIPHERS. 
 
 When alone in figure column, use leaders, except when indicated on copy. 
 In columns where decimals are used, copy editors should indicate when ciphers 
 are to be supplied. 
 
 CONTINUED. Omit period or colon after a center, flush, or sub head when the 
 word " continued " is used, and always use a 1-em dash between it and the head. 
 If the head is all small caps, use a lower-case "c." 
 
 CONTINUED HEADS. Continued heads over tables to be condensed into one line 
 if possible. 
 
 DASHES. 
 
 Do not carry dashes in reading or date columns. 
 
 Parallel dashes will be used in all cases when necessary to cut off from figures 
 following. 
 
 DATE COLUMNS. 
 
 Always abbreviate months in columns cast to 5, 7, or 1\ ems (this latter for inside 
 columns) and bear off from the rule an en space, placing the remaining space 
 between the month and the day; when the year is used, put an en comma only 
 between it and the day. 
 
 Omit the period at end when a 5 or 7 em column is the last one of the table. 
 
 When the year is centered over columns consisting entirely of dates or months, 
 use a full blank above and no space below. 
 
 When a column is composed of dates only and is cast wider than 1\ ems, spell 
 out months unless otherwise indicated, or when necessary to save overruns. 
 
 When not followed by leaders and consisting of years only and some of the lines 
 have a double year, center each in the column, in the following manner: 
 
 1898 
 
 1899-1900 
 1901-2 
 
 Date columns are not classed as reading columns. 
 
40 TABULAR WORK. 
 
 DITTO. 
 
 Never use "do." in the first line under a center head or under a line of leaders; 
 
 but it can be used under a blank space, except as limited. 
 Use " do." only in reading and date columns. 
 Capitalize when not preceded by leaders. In the last column of a table capitalize, 
 
 but do not use leaders with "Do." 
 In columns 6 ems or less in width use 1 ems of quads (including the en quad used 
 
 for bearing off) or 1 ems of leaders, as may be required, before the "do." 
 In columns more than 6 ems, use 2 ems of quads (in addition to en quad used for 
 
 bearing off) or 2 ems of leaders. 
 In first columns, when flush headings are used with indentions under them, 
 
 proportionate allowance must be made for those indentions, which should be indi- 
 cated by the copy editor. 
 When a date column of 5 ems or less is the first column in the table, clear the 
 
 month instead of repeating or using " Do." 
 When "do." is used in reading columns under units of quantity, bear off a 2-em 
 
 leader on right. 
 When units of quantity are spelled use "do.," but repeat when abbreviated. 
 
 DOLLAR MARK. To be placed close to figure, and repeated only under cross rules. 
 In columns containing mixed amounts, as money, tons, gallons, etc., repeat 
 dollar mark in each instance before sums of money (or pound or peso mark, etc., 
 as required). 
 
 DOUBLE- UP TABLES. Repeat a center, flush, or sub head at the top of the second 
 column, adding "continued " if the matter under it breaks. Use an en space 
 only on each side of the parallel rule. 
 
 EN-QUADDED TABLES. 
 
 Use en quads (not scabbard) in runovers. Omit en quads above and below dashes, 
 
 except when rules are used instead of dashes. 
 In 8-point en-quadded tables use 8-point en space under units of quantity. 
 
 [6-point quads.] 
 Example: inch. 
 
 [8-point en spacts.] 
 
 FIGURE COLUMNS. 
 Bear off the longest line of figures at least an en space from rule. When crowded 
 
 and only a few figures will touch, close up on the left: if necessary to close up on 
 
 the right in one figure column, close up in all figure columns. 
 Double columns of figures in a single column connected by an en dash or the word 
 
 "to" or similar connecting word, the en dashes or words to be ranged. 
 Plus and minus marks, when occurring at left of figures, to be aligned. 
 Align all words occurring in figure columns with figures on right; also capitalize 
 
 and use a thin period. 
 
 FOOTNOTES AND REFERENCES. 
 
 Footnotes and cross headings to be solid when table is solid, and leaded when table 
 
 is en-quadded. 
 Footnotes to have the same abbreviations as are used in the table except months, 
 
 which spell. In a series of short footnotes range the reference marks on the 
 
 right and the first letters of the notes. 
 Italic superior letters are to be used for references unless otherwise indicated by copy 
 
 editor, using a 5-em space for bear-off. 
 
 Use period between an abbreviation and a reference mark: St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Footnote references to be placed at right in reading columns; at left in "figure 
 
 columns. 
 When two or more footnotes are in one line equalize the space, but at least 2 ems 
 
 space must be placed between items. 
 Footnotes and notes referring to tables to go in 6-point unless otherwise prepared. 
 
 FRACTIONS. 
 
 Common fractions should be set against rule unless otherwise indicated. 
 
 Align decimal points, except in columns containing mixed numbers having irreg- 
 ular decimals; that is, when one number would have a decimal of one figure, 
 another four figures, and so on, one representing pounds, another dollars and 
 another percentage, etc. 
 
 Omit comma in built fractions: -- 
 
TABULAR WORK. 
 
 41 
 
 ITALIC. 
 
 *Units of quantity, etc.. when not in box heads and placed over figure columns, to 
 be italic; to be used only at beginning of a new table or at the head of a contin- 
 ued page; and to drop down on figures in solid tables. (See table below.) 
 
 Names of vessels and scientific names of genera and species to be roman unless 
 otherwise prepared. 
 
 LEADERS. Unless prepared otherwise, -continue leaders across entire width of 
 table, except when the last column is a reading column or a 5 or a 7 em date 
 column, in which case omit the leaders from that column. Also omit leaders 
 in a 5 or a 7 em date column when it is the first column of table. 
 
 LEADING FROM TOP OR BOTTOM LINES. 
 When there is only one reading column, lead from the bottom; if more than one, 
 
 from the top, omitting leaders in the runover line. 
 Date columns 5, 7, and 7$ ems wide are not to be regarded as reading columns in 
 
 connection with leading from top line. 
 In parallel tables, when the lines are numbered on the outside of each page, lead 
 
 from the top. 
 In parallel tables repeat all blanks on both sides, but in divide tables drop blank 
 
 lines in either divide, unless otherwise prepared. 
 
 READING COLUMNS. 
 
 To be borne off an en space from rule. Indention from rule means so many ems 
 
 in addition to the en space used for bearing off. 
 When the last word in a leader line runs close to the rule, use an en leader if 
 
 space permits; if not, use a thin space, but never use a period except when a 
 
 reference mark follows an abbreviation. (See also Leader work, p. 32.) 
 Numerical expressions should be in figures, even at the beginning of a sentence: 
 
 241 days from December I ; trains 3 times a day. 
 
 Overruns, unless otherwise prepared, should be 1-em hanging indention. 
 Figures beginning a stub, and which are totaled, are to be ranged on right. 
 
 TABLES IN RULES. 
 
 In document or narrower measure bear off an en space only from inside rules. Bear 
 
 off an em space from outside perpendicular rules. 
 Copy editors should give instructions concerning box heads, dashes, leaders, etc., 
 
 for tables inclosed in rules. 
 When there is no leadered stub or reading column, bear off all figures an em 
 
 space where an em space can be used on each side of the figures; otherwise bear 
 
 off an en space. 
 
 UNITS OF QUANTITY, DASHES, ETC. (See Italic, above.) 
 
 Table showing style in regard to the use of units of quantity in stub and figure columns, 
 dashes, reference letters for footnotes, words in figure columns, plus and minus marks, 
 use of braces, miscellaneous figures, etc. 
 
 Articles. 
 
 & 
 
 Year ended June 30 
 
 1901. 
 
 1902. 
 
 1903 
 
 1904. 
 
 1905. 
 
 1906. 
 
 FARM PRODUCTS. 
 
 Animal matter. 
 
 Hides and skins, other 
 than furs pounds. . 
 Wool: 
 Washed do.... 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 1,981,882 
 
 } 47, 223 
 
 Dollars, 
 a 5, 729, 927 
 
 ( 18, 423 
 1 11, 521 
 
 Quantity. 
 5, 881, 168 
 
 $54. 13 
 152, 429 
 
 Dollars, 
 a 942, 246 
 
 } 49,233 
 
 Quantity. 
 5,364,426 
 
 Dollars. 
 & 4, 964, 424 
 
 ( 27, 643 
 \ 22, 368 
 
 Unwashed do 
 
 Vegetable matter. 
 
 Cocoa and chocolate, 
 pounds 
 
 
 2. 746, 647 
 45; 842, 642 
 
 47, 794, 342 
 0423 
 
 642 
 
 c254,452 
 
 4, 279, 779 
 
 2,618,335 
 h 63, 094 
 
 70, 124 
 
 2,452,452t 
 34,263,943 
 
 $4, 982. 50 
 152, 429 
 
 $840. 26 
 
 + d24,942 
 - 64,243 
 
 + 272,894 
 - 208, 736 
 
 + 5, 158 
 
 2, 432, 264 
 Trace. 
 
 None. 
 None. 
 
 e 476, 242 
 Trace. 
 
 289,784 
 i 293, 838 
 
 None. 
 
 Coffee pounds 
 
 Fibers, vegetable: 
 In raw state- 
 Cotton do 
 Do./ do.... 
 
 Istle or tampico fiber, 
 pounds 
 
 Total 
 
 
 
 
 459, 471 
 
 
 1,044,722 
 
 (a) 
 
 1, 612, 341 
 
42 TESTIMONY. 
 
 TESTIMONY. 
 
 [See also Punctuation, p. 36; Figures, p. 30.] 
 
 Contract the first Q. and A., except in "fol.," "fol. lit.," and court work. 
 
 Make one paragraph of question and answer, connecting the question and its answer 
 by an em dash; but when there is a "choke," use 2-em dash only: 
 
 Q. Did you see A. No, sir. 
 
 When the answer is not introduced by the regular " A.," "Ans.," or "Answer, 
 or when the name or title of a participant is used, make a new paragraph. 
 
 The following examples illustrate the use of brackets, colons, and parentheses: 
 
 In document testimony when the stenographer interpolates language, use [ 1. At 
 all other times use ( ) for parenthetical phrases or sentences, except bracketed para- 
 graphs inserted by the stenographer. If an entire sentence is in ( ) or [ ], the punc- 
 tuation is within the ( ) or [ ] ; otherwise it is outside. 
 
 At end of sentence [Laughter.]; within a sentence [laughter]. 
 
 The CHAIRMAN (to Mr. Smith). 
 
 Mr. KELLEY (to the chairman) . 
 
 The WITNESS. He did it that way [indicating] . 
 
 Q. (By Mr. SMITH.) Do you know these men [handing witness a list]? 
 
 (Objected to.) 
 
 A. (After examining list.) Yes; I do. 
 
 Q. (Continuing.) A. (Reads:) 
 
 Question (continuing). Answer (reads): 
 
 A. (Interrupting.) 
 
 Answer (interrupting). 
 
 (Counsel objects to its admission.) 
 [2 leads.] 
 
 D D D By the Commissioner: 
 [1 lead.] 
 
 Observe punctuation in the following paragraph: 
 
 The defendant, George Brown, stated to the court, etc. 
 
 The following forms show punctuation required: 
 
 1. X Q. Re X Q. 1. 24. Q. 46th. Cross-int. 
 
 X Ques. 1. R. X Int. 1. 24-. Question. 46. Cross-int. 
 
 1. Add. direct. 24. X Int. X Q. 1. 46. Cross-ques. 
 
 2. R. D. Q. X Int. 1. 24. Int. 46. C. Int. 
 
 3. ReD.Q. X20. 5. ReXQ. 46th. C. Int. 
 
 4. R. X Q. 24. X. 24th. Cross-ques. Answer to Cross-int. 1. 
 
 When the number precedes " Q.," " X Q,," etc., use an en space after the number, 
 otherwise use 3-em spaces, except after last period use an en space. 
 When spelled out, use the following forms: 
 
 cross-examination. re-recross-examination. 
 
 cross-interrogatory. redirect examination, 
 
 recross-examination. re-redirect examination. 
 
COURT STYLE. 
 
 SUPREME COURT RECORDS. 
 
 [See also Fol. Fol. lit. Fol. type and style, p. 32.] 
 
 Make paragraphs of answers in Q. and A. matter. 
 
 The folio number is to be flush in the same line as the first word of the folio and 
 in a cut-in 3 ems square, except where there is white space above or below; inden- 
 tions for paragraphs, etc., to be in addition to the 3-em cut-in. 
 
 Omit cut-in folio opposite paragraph reading: Indorsement on cover. 
 
 Excepting italic (which stands for errors only ) > 5 capitalization, and punctuation, 
 follow copy literally. In typewritten records manifest errors of the typewriter are 
 to be corrected, such, for instance, as where a letter has been struck over another or 
 where a space in a word shows that a letter was intended to appear but was not 
 struck hard enough to leave an impression; but if a good word is used in the wrong 
 pl ace as "i n " for "on" or "boot" for "boat," etc., do not change or use italic. 
 Words having the sanction of any dictionary are not to be changed. 
 
 Use italic letters to indicate errors in orthography for instance, ourely, meaning 
 surely except in names of persons and firms and geographic names, words in foreign 
 languages that are not law terms, and errors in syntax. Errors in words set in italic 
 \vill be indicated by roman letters. 
 
 Doublets will be indicated by italicizing the repeated portion. 
 
 Names of vessels to be set in roman, quoted. 
 
 Use apostrophe to indicate the omission of one or more letters in a word; but in 
 well-established abbreviations omit apostrophe and use period. 
 
 Use a 3-em quad to indicate the omission of one or more words. 
 
 Capitalize the word "The" only in such cases as the following: the said The B. & 0. 
 R. R. Co.; The Sun v. The Globe; The City of Washington v. The B. & O. R. R. Co.; 
 the defendant The Davies County Bank. 
 
 COURT OF CLAIMS. 
 
 Copy editors are instructed to simplify style as much as possible, and give pref- 
 erence to copy generally in the use of abbreviations, figures, and other important J 
 matters. Compositors and proof readers must observe preparation, and where none 
 is indicated will follow copy. 
 
 Indian names to be followed as to spelling and the use of hyphen or space. 
 The following examples and directions will, however, be observed: 
 Do not use superior letters in abbreviations of words unless so prepared. 
 "United States" to be used in the plural number. 
 
 Spell out "Question" and "Answer" and make separate paragraphs. When ques- 
 tions are numbered, the number to precede the question: 30. Question (see p. 42). 
 The Legal Tender cases. 
 In Clarke's case the court say. 
 In the case of Clarke. 
 (Ex parte Robinson, 19 Wall., 304.) 
 Bowman Act (22 Stat. L., ch. 4, [or sec.] 4, p. 50). 
 Act 5th August, 1882 (Supp. Rev. Stat., 284; Stat. L., 28; R. S., 15). 
 The following forms occur in briefs and decisions only: 
 Clarke's case (14 Hun, 14). 
 WALLACE, J., delivered the opinion. 
 (31 Stat., 154.) 
 
 Follow Rev. Stat., Stats., Stat. L., or R. S., as written. 
 In Roe v. Doe the court ruled. 
 United States v. 12 Diamond Rings. 
 The United States v. Forty Hogsheads of Tobacco. 
 
 Make sentences of single citations occurring at conclusion of sentences or para- 
 graphs, except "p." or "pp.," which will be close up and period outside of paren- 
 thesis. When citations follow clauses, the final citation, if occurring at the end of 
 the sentence, will necessarily be closed up. In citations of single lines, use period 
 at end of each line. When run in, use semicolons. 
 
 43 
 
44 COURT STYLE. 
 
 Observe style of the following; The said paper was marked "Defendant's Exhibit 
 No. 4." The defendant's Exhibit No. 4 was thereupon placed on file. (See also 
 Punctuation, p. 36.) 
 
 Following are some of the names and abbreviations of the United States Supreme 
 Court reporters as used in citations of United States Supreme Court Keports: 
 
 Cranch (abbreviated Cr.). Peters (abbreviated Pet.). 
 
 Dallas (abbreviated Dall. or Dal.). U. S. Reports (abbreviated U. S.) 
 
 Howard (abbreviated How.). " Wheaton (abbreviated Wheat.). 
 
 For authority on names and abbreviations of court reports, consult Catalogue of 
 Law Library of the Department of Justice ( book 17, pp. v to xlvii), proof-room library. 
 Follow capitalization in the following examples in all court work: 
 
 Circuit Court. district. 
 
 Circuit Court for the Southern District. John SmithyUnited States marshal for the North- 
 Circuit Court of the United States for the South- ern District. 
 
 ern District of New York. Southern District. 
 
 County Court. Superior Court. 
 
 Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia. Supreme Bench. 
 
 Court of Claims. Supreme Court. 
 
 Court of Commissioners of Alabama Claims. Supreme Court of the District of Columbia. 
 Court of Private Land Claims. 
 
 COURT OF CLAIMS HEADINGS. 
 
 [For records.] 
 
 Court of Claims of the United States. 
 
 FRENCH SPOLIATIONS, No. 864. 
 
 BRIG " MERCURY," WILLIAM ROCKWELL. 
 
 C. D. VASSE, ADMINISTRATOR OF AMBROSE VASSE, 
 v. THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 EVIDENCE FOR CLAIMANT. 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 [For briefs.] 
 
 Jn tk d}0urJ0f Claims of ik IniM 
 
 FRENCH SPOLIATIONS, Nos. 3037 AND 3038 
 
 SHIP " BRISTOL," EDWARD SMITH, MASTER. 
 
 DEFENDANTS' BRIEF. 
 
BILL STYLE. 
 
 Unless special directions are given sometimes necessary in particular cases the 
 following rules govern the printing of bills: 
 
 TYPE. 
 
 Bills are always set in 14-point type, full-slugged. 
 
 A new bill is always all roman, italic being used only for the enacting clause and 
 the words Provided, Provided further, Provided, however, etc. 
 
 SIDE FIGURES. 
 
 The direction "Allow for two figures" means that TWO 1-EM quads (not one 
 two-em quad) are to be used in allowing for side figures at left of text. 
 
 ENGROSSED AND ENROLLED BILLS. 
 A bill is said to be engrossed when it has passed one House of Congress; to be 
 
 enrolled when final action has been taken jn both Houses. 
 Engrossed and enrolled bills are all roman, excepting the enacting clause and 
 
 provisos, notwithstanding the copy may be italic. 
 Follow literally in engrossed and enrolled bills. This applies to the title of the 
 
 bill on the filing or indorsement as well as to the text, but not to the caption of 
 
 engrossed amendments. Read twice, fol. lit. 
 
 HEADS AND INDORSEMENTS. 
 
 The "indorsement" on a bill is the form printed on the back for convenience of 
 reference when folded. " Bill style" prevails on indorsements. As a bill pro- 
 gresses new "actions" appear, which should be set in the same style as the 
 "actions" that precede. (See examples of the heading and indorsement of a 
 new bill in each House given on pp. 47, 48.) 
 
 The name of the introducer of a bill or resolution is carried under the title in 
 the indorsement, in long primer caps and small caps, between parallel rules, in 
 both Houses, through each printing until bill or resolution passes one House. 
 
 When the title of a bill on the indorsement makes more than two lines, indent 
 the runovers 1 ems; center the title when it makes but one or two lines. On 
 the face of the bill where a -title makes more than one line, set the first line to 
 full measure, centering the runover if there be two lines in the title; if more 
 than two lines, indent the runovers 2 ems. 
 
 Titles for HOUSE BILLS are preferably taken from the INDORSEMENT of copy; for 
 SENATE BILLS, from the PACE of copy. When in doubt, consult with the foreman. 
 
 Preambles are set full measure, the first line of each "whereas" being flush and 
 the runovers indented 2 ems. Where an agreement or treaty is part of a pream- 
 ble, follow literally, indenting the paragraphs 4 ems and runovers 2 ems, full 
 measure. 
 
 Titles and preambles following the head of a bill are always half-slugged. 
 
 Set "[Calendar No..]" on both face and indorsement of bills which have reached 
 the Senate Calendar, in each case at the upper right-hand corner. 
 
 Set "Report No." on both face and indorsement of reported bills in both Houses, 
 centering under the number of the bill. 
 
 [It is impracticable to give illustrations of the minutiae of headings and indorse- 
 ments of bills in all their stages. Samples and information can always be had 
 upon inquiry at the foreman's desk. Compositors and others must familiarize 
 themselves with the forms called for by the clerks' notes on copy.] 
 
 AMENDMENTS. 
 
 "Line type" and italic are used only to show amendments. When it is pro- 
 posed to strike out certain portions in a bill that is "reported with amendments," 
 such portions will be set in "line type," and matter proposed to be inserted will 
 be set in italics. 
 
 When it is proposed to strike out and insert, always let the italics FOLLOW the 
 line type. 
 
 Do not complicate amendments. When one amendment can be made to cover 
 the sense, as in the complete changing of a sum of money, so set it, rather than 
 divide into two or more short amendments. 
 
 45 
 
 /< V 
 
 / OF THE X 
 
 C UNIVERSITY 
 
46 BILL STYLE. 
 
 Do not use "line type" or italics to show amendments in the title of a bill; but 
 allow the original title to stand in its place, and put the proposed title with the 
 introductory words "Amend the title so as to read:" at the end of the bill m a 
 half-slugged paragraph, all roman, first line indented 4 ems, overs 2 ems, no 
 side figures. Example: 
 Amend the title so as to read: "A bill granting an increase of pension to John Smith." 
 
 Do not put a part of a word in italics or "line type." At times the copy will 
 indicate a letter only added to or taken from a word, or an amount like "twenty- 
 five" will be changed to "twenty" by striking out the "five." In such cases 
 use "line type" for the original word and put the proposed word in italics. 
 
 Proposed Senate amendments are printed in bill form, all roman. 
 
 When it is proposed in the Senate to make several short amendments, the caption 
 should read as follows: 
 
 AMENDMENTS 
 
 Intended to be proposed by Mr. HOAR to the bill (H. R. 4864) to reduce taxation, to provide 
 revenue for the Government, and for other purposes, viz: 
 
 1 In line 24 page 19, strike out the words "per centum ad valorem" and insert the words 
 
 2 "cents per pound;" in line 16, page 25, strike out the word "shall;" and in line 12, page 34, 
 
 3 after the word " and," insert the word " any." 
 
 When a proposed amendment in the Senate is expressed by one or more full 
 paragraphs, the caption should read: 
 
 AMENDMENT 
 
 Intended to be proposed by Mr. GORMAN to the bill (H. R. 2476) to establish a fish-hatching 
 station at Port Tobacco, Maryland, viz: After the word "Maryland," m line 14, section 2, 
 insert the following: 
 
 1 To enable the United States Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries to carry out the provisions 
 
 2 of this Act there is hereby appropriated the sum of seventy-five thousand dollars. 
 
 REPORTED BILLS. 
 
 Observe the difference in form of action taken on Senate and House bills reported 
 with amendments: 
 
 House. 
 
 DECEMBER 12, 1897. 
 
 Reported with amendments, committed to the Committee of the Whole House, and ordered to 
 
 be printed. 
 
 [Omit the part struck through and insert the part printed in italics.] 
 
 Senate. 
 
 DECEMBER 13, 1897. 
 
 Reported by Mr. HARRIS, with an amendment. 
 [Omit the part struck through and insert the part printed in italics.] 
 
 [The wording varies with the necessities of the case, but the style remains the 
 same.] 
 
 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS. 
 
 Always supply the word "That" immediately following the section number 
 (except when quoting sections of Revised Statutes) and after the words Pro- 
 vided, Provided further, Provided, however, etc. 
 
 Spell out everything, except "Mr.," "Mrs.," and classification of vessels, as 
 "A 1." 
 
 Make the contractions "&c." and "etc." and the words "etcetera" read "and 
 so forth," and the contraction "viz" read "namely." 
 
 When, in the use of figures, the comma is used in ordinary work to show nota- 
 tion, in bills thousands and hundreds are spelled; as, for 1,750, make it "one 
 thousand seven hundred and fifty." 
 
 In serial numbers, or where the comma is not used in general work, spell by 
 hundreds all numbers less than 10000; as, for 2742, make it "twenty-seven 
 hundred and forty-two;" but in serial numbers where even multiples of one 
 thousand occur, use the word " thousand," as " section two thousand and four," 
 "paragraph seven thousand and sixty-nine" (not "twenty hundred and four" 
 or " seventy hundred and sixty-nine "). 
 
 Years and dates are expressed thus: June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and 
 ninety-three. 
 
BILL STYLE. 47 
 
 When the expression usually indicated by "No." occurs, use the word " num- 
 bered.-' Observe, in this connection, the capitalization for kindred expressions: 
 House Executive Document Numbered One hundred and twenty-six. 
 
 Keferences to the Revised Statutes, Statutes at Large, court reports, etc., are 
 expressed thus: Revised Statutes, page two hundred and forty-two; Twelfth Stat- 
 utes, page eleven hundred and sixteen; Tenth Court of Claims Reports, page ten. 
 
 Capitalize the word "Act" wherever it occurs as a synonym for "bill" or "law" 
 of the Congress of the United States; but do not capitalize when referring to the 
 "act" of any other legislative body. 
 
 The indorsement on a printed bill must always fall on an even page. 
 
 Seven lines of text may be worked in with the indorsement. 
 
 SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR ENROLLED BILLS. 
 
 Set in quarto measure, paragraphs indented 2 ems. 
 
 Lead with 3-to-pica leads. When center heads occur, use a full pica slug above 
 
 and below. 
 Avoid, when possible, division of words. Two-lette,r divisions must not be made. 
 
 Space evenly. 
 Place the bill number (using the forms " S. 146," "H. R. 4864") in 14-point 
 
 Woodward, at the upper left-hand corner. 
 
 - [Cast.] - . 
 58TH CONGRESS, 
 
 IST SESSION. 
 
 HEADING OF HOUSE BILL. 
 
 ,-[Cast.~K 
 
 [14-point caps cast.] 
 
 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 
 
 [10-point type.] 
 NOVEMBER 18, 1903. 
 
 Mr. FOWLER, of New Jersey, (by request) introduced the following bill; which was 
 referred to the Committee on Claims and ordered to be printed. 
 
 . - [Cast.] - . 
 
 A BILL 
 
 
 [14-point type.] 
 For the relief of George Washington Watkins. 
 
 [Slug.] 
 
 Be it enacted, etc., That 
 
 
48' 
 
 -rcast.i- 
 
 58TH CONGRESS, 
 IST SESSION. 
 
 BILL STYLE. 
 
 HKADING OF SENATE BILL 
 
 [Cast.] 
 
 S. 4973. 
 
 f!4-point caps cast.] 
 IX THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 [10-point type.] 
 NOVEMBER 17, 1903. 
 
 Mr. FORAKER introduced the following bill; which Was read twice and referred to 
 the Committee on Pensions. 
 
 . [Cast.] . 
 
 A BILL 
 
 Granting an increase of pension to the survivors of the Mexican war. 
 
 [Slug.] 
 
 Be it enacted, etc., That 
 
 INDORSEMENTS. 
 
 House. 
 
 A BILL 
 
 For the relief of George Washington 
 WatkinsT 
 
 Senate. 
 
 58-TH CONGRESS, \ * Q7 o 
 IST SESSION. '} s - 4973 - 
 
 A BILL 
 
 Granting an increase of pension to the 
 survivors of the Mexican war. 
 
 By Mr. FOWLER, of New Jersey. 
 
 NOVEMBER 18, 1903. Referred to the Commit- 
 tee on Claims and ordered to be printed. 
 
 By Mr. FORAKER. 
 
 NOVEMBER 17, 1903. Read twice and referred 
 to the Committee on Pensions. 
 
JOURNAL STYLE. 
 
 The Journals are set in 8 point, solid, Record measure, and as a rule Record' style 
 prevails. 
 
 Use contractions for States and Territories (see Abbreviations, p. 13) after names of 
 forts, barracks, arsenals, navy-yards, naval stations, post-offices, counties, military 
 or Indian reservations, and Indian agencies. 
 
 Omit comma between name of Senator or Representative and State, thus: Mr. Jones 
 of Arkansas. 
 
 Use one lead only on either side of small-cap heads. 
 
 HOUSE. 
 MONDAY, DECEMBER 2, 1907. 
 
 A message from the Senate, by Mr. Bennett, its Secretary, announced that the 
 Senate had passed a bill entitled: 
 
 S. 2905. An act for the relief of John M. Smith. 
 
 It also announced that the Senate had passed bills of the following titles, in which 
 the concurrence of the House was requested: 
 
 S. 2000. An act for the relief of James Robinson; and 
 
 S. 2001. An act granting a pension to Sam Jones. 
 
 It further announced that the Senate had passed, without amendment, the bill 
 (H. R. 10241) to amend an act making appropriations for rivers and harbors, and 
 for other purposes, approved July 4, 1906. 
 
 The committees were called for reports; 
 
 When, 
 
 Bills were reported, the reports thereon ordered to be printed, and referred to the 
 Calendars as follows: 
 
 By Mr. Black of Illinois, from the Committee on Military Affairs, the bill (S. 527) 
 entitled ''An act to construct a road to the national cemetery at Dover, Tenn." to 
 the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union. 
 
 The amendments recommended by the Committee of the Whole were then agreed 
 to; and as amended the bill was ordered to be engrossed, was read a third time, and 
 passed. 
 
 The Speaker laid before the House the following bill: 
 
 S. 1262. An act for the relief of Paul McCormick; 
 
 Which was referred to the Committee on Claims. 
 
 By unanimous consent leave was granted Mr. Jones to file the views of the 
 minority. 
 
 The Speaker pro tempore laid before the House the following bill with amend- 
 ments of the Senate thereto: 
 
 H. R. 3458. An act extending the time for final proof on land claims under the 
 public land laws. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Sweet, the amendments were concurred in. 
 
 Mr. Pearson, from the Committee on Enrolled Bills, reported that the committee 
 had examined and found truly enrolled bills of the following titles; which were 
 thereupon signed by the Speaker, to wit: 
 
 H. R. 868. An act for the relief of John Smith; 
 
 S. 1896. An act for the relief of Mrs. Lucinda Brown; and * 
 
 H. R. 3858. An act to pension John Jones. 
 
 By Mr. Holman: 
 
 Whereas it appears by an act passed June 4, 1894, that the sum of $10,000 was 
 appropriated to enable the Secretary of War, etc.; and 
 
 Whereas it is alleged that trouble" exists, etc. ; 
 
 Resolved, That the Committee on Military Affairs be authorized to settle the diffi- 
 culty 
 to the Committee on Military Affairs. 
 
 The Committee on Indian Affairs was called; 
 
 5112108 1 49 
 
.50 JOURNAL STYLE. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Lynch (on behalf of said committee), the House resolved itself 
 into the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union for the considera- 
 tion of the bill (H. R. 6557) providing for opening the Umtah Indian Reservation in 
 Utah- and after some time spent therein, the Speaker resumed the chair, and Mr 
 Dockerv reported that the committee having had under consideration the said 
 (H. R/6557) had come to no resolution thereon; 
 When the morning hour expired. 
 
 The question being on agreeing to the second resolution, to wit: 
 Evolved, That John J. O'Neill was not legally elected and is not entitled to a seat 
 in this House; 
 And being put, 
 Will the House agree thereto? 
 
 ( Yeas .v 
 
 It was decided in the negative, -I Nays 
 
 ( Not answering * 
 
 After further debate, 
 
 The Speaker appointed Messrs. Bailey and Ray of New \ ork tellers. 
 
 The question being put, 
 
 Shall the bill be engrossed and read a third time? 
 
 The veas and nays being desired by one-fifth of the Members present, 
 
 fYeas. , !?? 
 
 I Nays 5 5 
 
 There appeared, \ Answering present - _J 
 
 | Not answering * 
 
 ( Reported by tellers as present and not answering 5 
 
 The Speaker laid before the House the following joint resolution of the Senate: 
 'S. R. 91. A joint resolution providing for printing a digest of the laws relating t< 
 -compensation of officials in United States courts; 
 Which was referred to the Committee on Printing. 
 
 Mr Allen suggested that the House should take a recess, under Rule 2b. 
 And then, in pursuance of Rule 26, the House took a recess until 8 p. m 
 A message from the President of the United States, by Mr. Crook, one ot his sec- 
 retaries, announced that the President had approved and signed bills and a joint 
 resolution of the following titles: 
 
 On June 29, 1904: 
 H. R. 4701. An act to incorporate the Supreme Lodge ot the Knights ot rytnias; 
 
 H. R. 274. An act to authorize the city of Hyattsville, Md., to construct a wagon 
 bridge. 
 
 On July 6, 1904: 
 
 H. J. Res. 196. Joint resolution to provide temporarily for the expenditures of the 
 Government. 
 
 The committee of conference on the disagreeing votes of the two Houses to tne bill 
 (H. R. 6518) making appropriations for rivers and harbors do recommend to their 
 respective Houses as follows: 
 
 That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of the senate 
 numbered 27, and agree to the same with an amendment as follows: Strike out all 
 the matter preceding and insert on page 77, after line 7, the following as a new item: 
 
 Baltimore Harbor, Maryland: To widen the ship channel to one thousand feet, one 
 thousand nine hundred and sixty-nine dollars and fifty-one cents. 
 
 And the Senate agree to the same. 
 
 That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of the Senate 
 numbered 20, and agree to the same with an amendment as follows: Strike out 
 " eight hundred dollars " and insert in lieu thereof the following: three hundred and 
 Jifty dollars; and the Senate agree to the same. 
 
 Amend section 2 to read as follows: 
 
 SEC. 2. For an exhibit by the Government of the United States at the Cotton States Inter- 
 national Exposition to be held at Atlanta, Georgia, in the i/ear eighteen hundred and ninety- 
 five, one hundred thousand dollars. ' 
 
 And the House agree to the same. 
 
 Leave of absence was granted- to Mr. Cobb of Alabama and Mr. Black of Illinois, 
 indefinitely; to Mr. Pigott, for two days; to Mr. Bartlett, until Saturday next; to 
 Mr. Grosvenor of Ohio, for one week; and to Mr. Lacey, for four days. 
 
JOURNAL STYLE. 51 
 
 REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS. 
 
 Under clause 2 of Rule 13, bills and resolutions of the following titles were sever- 
 ally reported from committees, delivered to the Clerk, and referred to the Calendars 
 therein named as follows: 
 
 ****** # 
 
 CHANGE OF REFERENCE. 
 
 Under clause 2 of Rule 22, committees were discharged from the consideration of 
 bills of the following titles; which were thereupon referred as follows: 
 
 PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS INTRODUCED. 
 
 Under clause 1 of Rule 22, private bills and resolutions of the following titles were 
 introduced and severally referred as follows: 
 
 PUBLIC BILLS, RESOLUTIONS, AND MEMORIALS INTRODUCED. 
 
 "fr "%" "X* & }( .Y. 
 
 By Mr. Cooper of Ohio, from the Committee on Pensions: The bill (H. R. 23) to 
 pension John Jones. (Report No. 10. ) 
 
 [When two or more bills are reported, make a paragraph of each.] 
 
 PUNCTUATION POINTS. 
 
 As amended, said bill was passed. 
 
 The said bill as amended was read the third time. 
 
 reported the resolution (No. 550) ; which was considered by unanimous consent and 
 agreed to. 
 
 said bill was. by unanimous consent, considered. 
 
 ; which was read the first and second times by unanimous consent and considered 
 as in Committee of the Whole; and no amendment being made, it was reported to 
 the House. 
 ; which was by unanimous consent considered and read twice. 
 
 So, two-thirds voting in favor thereof, said bill was passed. 
 
 By Mr. Smith of Illinois: A resolution (No. 29) to provide revenue, etc. to the 
 Committee on Ways and Means. 
 
 By Mr. Hicks: A concurrent resolution (No. 10) to recognize Cuban independence 
 to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. 
 
 By Mr. Moon: A joint resolution (H. J. Res. 14) to recognize Greece to the Com- 
 mittee on Foreign Affairs. 
 
 [NOTE. In Senate Journal a semicolon (;) is used before the reference, instead of a dash.] 
 
 A joint resolution (H. J. Res. 16). In Senate: S. R. 16. 
 
 A resolution (H. Res. 16). 
 
 A concurrent resolution (H. C. Res. 16). 
 
 And then, 
 
 On motion of Mr. Grosvenor, at 5 o'clock and 20 minutes p. m., the House adjourned. 
 
 SENATE. 
 
 MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE. 
 
 A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. Browning, its chief clerk: 
 Mr. President: The House of Representatives has disagreed to the amendments of 
 the Senate to the bill (H. R. 6913) making appropriations for the current expenses 
 of the Indian Department. It asks a conference with the Senate thereon, and has 
 appointed Mr. Holman, Mr. Allen, and Mr. Wilson of Washington managers at the 
 same on its part. 
 
 ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED. 
 
 Mr. Caffery reported from the committee that they had examined and found duly^ 
 enrolled the following bill: 
 
 H. R. 2350. An act making appropriations for the Military Academy; 
 
 Whereupon, 
 
 The President pro tempore signed the same, and it was delivered to the committee 
 to be presented to the President of the United States. 
 
 The Senate proceeded, by unanimous consent, to consider the said bill as in Com- 
 mittee of the Whole; and no amendment being made, it was reported to the Senate. 
 
 Ordered, That it pass to a third reading. 
 
 The said bill was read the third time. 
 
 Resolred, That it pass, and that the title thereof be as aforesaid. 
 
52 , JOURNAL STYLE. 
 
 The Senate proceeded to consider, c as in Committee of the Whole, the hill (S. 1296) 
 for the relief of Andrew Gray; and 
 
 On motion by Mr. White, and by unanimous consent, 
 
 Ordered, That it be postponed indefinitely. 
 
 S. Res. 12; S. R. 12; S. C. Res. 12. 
 
 Mr. Allison called for a division of the question; and 
 
 On the question to recede from the amendment No. 87, vie: Insert as an additional 
 paragraph the following: 
 
 109. Iron ore, forty cents per ton, 9 
 
 It was determined in the negative, | N |^ " " ~ * ~ " ~ ~ \ 5 
 
 Mr Vest: A petition of citizens of Missouri in favor of woman suffrage. 
 
 Mr! Hoar (on behalf of Mr. Lodge) : A petition of citizens of Massachusetts, remon- 
 strating against any further extension of the civil-service rules. 
 
 To amend Rule VIII of the Standing Rules of the Senate. 
 On motion by Mr. Hill, 
 
 The yeas and nays being desired by one-fifth of the Senators present, 
 
 Those who voted in the affirmative are, 
 
 Messrs. Allen, Hill, Irby. 
 
 Those who voted in the negative are, 
 
 Messrs. Jones of Arkansas, Jones of Nevada, Mitchell of Wisconsin. 
 
 The question being on the motion of Mr. Spooner that the Senate recede f 
 amendment No. 87, 
 
 Pending debate, 
 
 Mr. Carmack raised a question as to the presence of a quorum ; 
 
 T^^Presiding Officer (Mr. Platt of Connecticut in the chair) directed the roll to 
 be called; 
 When, 
 
 Fifty-nine Senators answered to their names. 
 A quorum being present, 
 
 EXECUTIVE SESSION. 
 
 On motion by Mr. Jones of Arkansas, 
 
 The Senate proceeded to the consideration of executive business; | and 
 After the consideration of executive business the doors were | reopened; 
 When 
 
 On motion'by Mr. Gorman, at 3 o'clock and 40 minutes p. m., 
 The Senate, adjourned. 
 
USEFUL INFORMATION. 
 
 ASTRONOMICAL SIGNS. 
 
 <T> Aries. 
 B Taurus, 
 n Gemini. 
 zz Cancer. 
 a Leo. 
 Tip Virgo. 
 ^ Libra. 
 n\ Scorpia. 
 2 Sagittarius. 
 
 Capricornus. 
 Aquarius. 
 Pisces, 
 or Sun. 
 Mepcury. 
 Venus. 
 or Earth. 
 Mars. 
 Jupiter. 
 
 T? Saturn. 
 Ijl Uranus. 
 i New Moon. 
 }) First quarter. 
 Full Moon. 
 ( Last quarter. 
 tf Conjunction. 
 Opposition. 
 A Trine. 
 
 D Quartile. 
 
 * Sextile. 
 
 Q Dragon's Head. 
 
 t3 Dragon's Tail. 
 
 5 Ceres. 
 
 $ Pallas. 
 
 C Juno. 
 
 Vesta. 
 
 FOREIGN COINS. 
 
 [From Report of the Director of the Mint, 1907.] 
 
 Country. 
 
 Standard. 
 
 Monetary unit. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Argentina 
 
 
 Gold 
 
 Peso . . 
 
 $0. 965 
 .203 
 .193 
 .499 
 .546 
 1.000 
 
 1.000 
 .465 
 
 .499 
 
 .365 
 .818 
 
 .815 n 
 
 .782=^' 
 .799 
 .756 
 .832 
 .765 
 .792 
 .809 
 .767 
 .786 
 .797 
 .747 
 .755 
 .823 
 .792 
 .538 
 538 
 
 Austria-Hungai 
 Belgium 
 
 v 
 
 do Crown 
 
 
 
 Bolivia 
 
 
 Silver Boliviano 
 
 Brazil 
 
 
 Gold Milreis 
 
 British possessi< 
 cept Newfour 
 British Hondur 
 Central Am-eric 
 Costa Rica. 
 
 >ns, North America (ex- 
 idland). 
 as 
 
 do Dollar 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 in States: 
 
 . do Colon 
 
 Guatemala 
 Honduras . 
 
 
 Silver 
 
 Peso 
 
 
 Nicaragua 
 Salvador . . 
 
 
 Gold 
 
 do 
 
 Chile 
 
 
 Chinese Empire 
 O 
 Colombia 
 
 - 
 
 Silver 
 Gold 
 
 Amov 
 
 Canton 
 
 Chefoo . . 
 
 Chin Kiang 
 
 Fuchau . . . 
 
 Haikwan (customs) 
 
 Hankau 
 
 rp i Kiaochou 
 
 ael Nanking... 
 
 Newchwang 
 
 Ningpo 
 
 Peking 
 
 Shanghai 
 
 Swatow 
 
 Takau . 
 
 Tientsin 
 
 [ Hongkong 
 
 Dollar< British 
 
 [Mexican .. 
 
 .542 
 1.000 
 .268 _ 
 .487^ 
 4.943 
 .193 
 .193 
 .238 
 4.866 
 .193 
 .965 
 4. 8664 
 .193 
 .498 
 1.000 
 ( b ) 
 .498 
 
 Dollar 
 
 Denmark 
 
 ...do... 
 
 Crown 
 
 Ecuador 
 
 do 
 
 Sucre 
 
 Egypt . 
 
 
 do 
 
 
 Finland 
 
 
 do 
 
 Mark 
 
 France .. 
 
 
 do 
 
 Franc 
 
 German Empire 
 Great Britain . . 
 
 
 ...do 
 
 Mark 
 
 i dn 
 
 
 Greece 
 
 
 do... 
 
 Drachma 
 
 Haiti 
 
 
 .. .do 
 
 Gourde 
 
 India 
 
 
 do 
 
 
 Italy 
 
 
 do 
 
 Lira 
 
 Japan . 
 
 
 do.... 
 
 Yen 
 
 Liberia 
 
 do 
 
 Dollar 
 
 Mexico 
 
 if Silver 
 
 ....do 
 
 
 ~~,\Gold i'eso c 
 
 a The sovereign is the standard coin of India, but the rupee ($0.3244^) is the money of commerce, 
 current at 15 to the sovereign. 
 
 b On and after May 1, 1905, the silver dollar is valued at SO. 498. 
 c Seventy-five centigrams fine gold. 
 
 53 
 
54 
 
 USEFUL INFORMATION. 
 Foreign coins Continued. 
 
 Country. Standard. 
 
 Monetary unit. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Netherlands Gold ........ 
 
 Florin 
 
 $0.402 
 
 Newfoundland | do 
 Norway -do 
 
 Dol lar 
 Crown 
 
 .268 
 
 Panama .do 
 
 Balboa 
 Kran 
 
 .092 
 
 
 /Sol 
 
 
 
 \Libra 
 Peso x 
 
 4. 8665 
 .500 
 
 
 Milreis 
 
 1.080 
 
 
 Ruble 
 
 .515 
 
 
 Peseta 
 
 .193 
 
 
 Pound sterling a 
 
 4.866i 
 
 
 Crown - 
 
 .268 
 
 
 Franc 
 
 .193 
 
 
 Piaster 
 
 .044 
 
 
 Peso 
 
 1.034 
 
 
 Bolivar 
 
 .193 
 
 
 
 
 a The current coin of the Straits Settlements is the silver dollar issued on Government account and 
 which has been given a tentative value of $0.567758}. 
 
 NOTE. The coins of silver-standard countries are valued by their pure silver contents at the aver- 
 age market price of silver. 
 
 GREEK ALPHABET. 
 
 Caps. 
 
 Lower- 
 case. 
 
 Greek sound. 
 
 English 
 sound. 
 
 Caps. 
 
 Lower- 
 case. 
 
 Greek sound. 
 
 English 
 sound. 
 
 A 
 
 a. 
 
 Alpha. 
 
 A. 
 
 N 
 
 V 
 
 Nil. 
 
 N. 
 
 B 
 
 ft 6 
 
 Beta. 
 
 B. 
 
 A 
 
 
 
 Xi. 
 
 ^. 
 
 r 
 
 Y 
 
 Gamma. 
 
 G. 
 
 
 
 
 
 O micron. 
 
 O short. 
 
 A 
 
 d 
 
 Delta. 
 
 D. 
 
 n 
 
 n GJ 
 
 Pi. 
 
 P. 
 
 E 
 
 
 Epsilon. 
 
 E short. 
 
 p 
 
 P 
 
 Rho. 
 
 R. 
 
 Z 
 
 I 
 
 Zeta. 
 
 Z. 
 
 2 
 
 d s 
 
 Sigma. 
 
 S. 
 
 H 
 
 rf 
 
 Eta. 
 
 E long. 
 
 T 
 
 T 
 
 Tan. 
 
 T. 
 
 & 
 
 6 5 
 
 Theta. 
 
 Th. 
 
 r 
 
 V 
 
 Upsilon. 
 
 U. 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 Iota. 
 
 I. 
 
 $ 
 
 <P<P 
 
 Phi. 
 
 F. 
 
 K 
 
 K 
 
 Kappa. 
 
 K. 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 Chi. 
 
 Ch. 
 
 A 
 
 X 
 
 Lambda. 
 
 L. 
 
 w 
 
 if) 8 
 
 Psi. 
 
 Ps. 
 
 M 
 
 ft 
 
 Mu. 
 
 M. 
 
 n 
 
 GO 
 
 Omega. 
 
 O long. 
 
 HOMONYMS. 
 
 The following is a partial list of words often improperly used : 
 
 Advice; information, counsel. 
 
 advise; to counsel. 
 
 albumen; white of egg. 
 
 albumin; viscous substance. 
 
 alegar; ale vinegar. 
 
 aleger; cheerful, sprightly. 
 
 ante; preceding. 
 
 anti; against. 
 
 apprise; inform. 
 
 apprize: to value, appraise. 
 
 auger; a tool. 
 
 augur; predict by signs. 
 
 Base; bottom, vile. 
 
 bass; lowest tone, a fish. 
 
 bask; lie in warmth. 
 
 basque; apparel. 
 
 berth; place to sleep, employment. 
 
 birth: coming into life. 
 
 breach; a gap. 
 
 breech; hinderpart of gun. 
 
 Cannon; a large gun. 
 
 canon; a law or rule. 
 
 canyon (canon); steep-sided gorge. 
 
 canvas; a cloth. 
 
 canvass; to examine, to solicit, 
 capital; chief, money, stock, 
 capitol; a building, 
 caster; a vial, a wheel, 
 castor; a rodent, cloth, bean, 
 censer; incense pan. 
 censor; examiner, critic, 
 cere; to cover with wax. 
 
 sear; to burn the surface. 
 
 seer; prophet. 
 
 sere; dry, withered, 
 claimant: one who claims something, 
 clamant; beseeching clamorously, 
 complement; fullness, 
 compliment; praise, 
 conveyer; one who conveys, 
 conveyor; contrivance for conveying objects, 
 coquet; to trifle in love, 
 coquette; a flirt, 
 council; deliberating body, 
 counsel; to admonish, 
 consular; pertaining to a consul, 
 councilor; member of a council, 
 counselor; adviser. 
 
USEFUL INFORMATION. 
 
 55 
 
 corespondent; one who answers jointly with an- 
 other. 
 
 correspondent; conformable, one who corres- 
 ponds by letter. 
 
 Depositary; receiver, trustee. 
 
 depository; place of deposit. 
 
 discreet; prudent. 
 
 discrete; distinct, separate. 
 
 dyeing; coloring. 
 
 dying; expiring. 
 
 Emigrant: one who moves out of a place or ! 
 
 country. 
 
 immigrant; one who moves into a place or , 
 country. 
 
 emigration; moving out. 
 immigration; moving into. 
 
 empirical; experimentation. 
 
 empyrical; combustible principle of coal. 
 
 Faker; a cheat, swindler. 
 
 fakir: oriental religious ascetic. 
 
 Galipot: resin or pitch. 
 
 gallipot; medicine pot. 
 
 ganth-t: military punishment. 
 
 gauntlet; glove. 
 
 grisly; horrible. 
 
 grizzly: grayish. 
 
 Hoard; accumulate. 
 
 horde: wandering troop. 
 
 Immanent; inherent, abiding. 
 
 imminent; impending. 
 
 incipient; commencing. 
 
 insipient; stupid, foolish. 
 
 indict: charge with crime. 
 
 indite: compose, write. 
 
 indiscreet; imprudent. 
 
 indiscrete; compact, together. 
 
 intension: stretching. 
 
 Intention: determination. 
 
 Lessen; to reduce. 
 
 lesson; something to be studied. 
 
 Maize; corn. 
 
 maze; a labyrinth. 
 
 marten; an animal. 
 
 martin: a bird. 
 
 meat; flesh. 
 
 meet; to join, proper. 
 
 mete; to measure. 
 
 miner; a digger. 
 
 minor; under age. 
 
 mucous; slimy. 
 
 mucus; viscid fluid. 
 
 Panel; sunken plane with raised rrargins. 
 
 pannel; rustic saddle. 
 
 parol; oral declaration. 
 
 parole: word of honor. 
 
 passable; admitting passage. 
 
 passible; unfeeling. 
 
 pendant: an ornament. 
 
 pendent; hanging, projecting. 
 
 premices; first fruits. 
 
 premises; property. 
 
 principal; chief. 
 
 principle; fundamental truth, constituent part. 
 
 prophecy; a prediction. 
 
 prophesy; to foretell. 
 
 Rabbet: a) groove in edge of board. 
 
 rabbit: small animal. 
 
 resin; liquid or semiliquid exudation. 
 
 rosin; solid product of turpentine. 
 
 rigger: fitter of ships' rigging. 
 
 rigor: severity. 
 
 riot; tumult. 
 
 ryot; a peasant, a tiller of soil. 
 
 Saver; one who saves. 
 
 savor; flavor. 
 
 sear (see cere). 
 
 subtle; sly, artful. 
 
 suttle: net weight. 
 
 sheath; a scabbard. 
 
 sheathe; to case or cover. 
 
 sleight; artful trick. 
 
 slight: small, neglect. 
 
 Theocracy; government by direction of God. 
 
 theoerasy*; mixture of worship of different gods. 
 
 ton; a measure of weight. 
 
 tun; a large cask. 
 
 Vertical; perpendicular. 
 
 verticle; axis, hinge. 
 
 Wheal; raised mark, a welt. 
 
 wheel; rotating disk. 
 
 MATHEMATICAL SIGNS. 
 
 + plus. 
 
 minus. 
 
 x multiplied by. 
 
 - divided by. 
 
 = equality. 
 
 plus or minu<. 
 
 Q sq\mre. 
 
 CH rectangle. 
 
 A triangle.L 
 
 O circle. 
 
 L angle. 
 
 L right angle. 
 
 r~ or > greater than. 
 
 \ or < less than. 
 
 j. perpendicular. 
 
 ~ difference. 
 
 / integration. 
 
 <> equivalence. 
 
 : ; ; proportion. 
 
 f=- geometrical propor- 
 tion. 
 
 ; difference, excess. 
 
 .-. therefore. 
 
 v because. 
 
 \' radical. 
 
 degree. 
 
 ' minute. 
 
 " seconds. 
 
 MODERN LANGUAGES. 
 
 The proper division or syllabication of words is important, and compositors 
 handling work in foreign languages should become familiar with the following rules: 
 
 FRENCH. 
 
 1. A single consonant between two vowels belongs to the vowel that follows; as, 
 ra-ser, jo-yeux, ils cro-yaient. 
 
 Exceptions: (a) When x stands between two vowels the prefix is not divided; as, 
 exact, exeat, saxon, laxi-tude, exal-ter, soixan-te, deuxie-me. (6) When the pre- 
 fixes des, in, and sub are used, divide on the prefix; as, des-habille, des-honneur, de"s- 
 avantage, in-hnmain, in-offensif, sub-alterne, sub-ordination. 
 
 2. The first letter of a double consonant belongs to the preceding syllable, the 
 second letter to the following one; as, Char-les, ad-di-tion, mon-sieur, Jac-ques, mal- 
 heur, bon-homme. 
 
 Exceptions: When the following consonants appear together they must not be 
 divided but joined to the vowel that follows: &/, br, ch, chl, chr, cl, cr, dl, dr,fl,fr, 
 gl, gn, gr, gn, ph. phi, pi, pr, qu, rh, th, thl, thr, tr, rr. Observe that they are almost 
 all I or / combined with some other consonant; as, ou-bli, poi-trine, re-gle, sei-gneur, 
 bou-clier. 
 
 3. Vowels forming diphthongs and triphthongs should not be divided; as, lui, ner, 
 lion, loner, vieux, fleau, ouest, joueur, pia-no, voi-sin, lie-vre, cruau-te, ree-lire, 
 voya-ge, ils cro-yaient. 
 
56 
 
 USEFUL INFORMATION. 
 
 Do not divide on one letter, and two-letter divisions should be avoided if possible. 
 
 Adjectives derived from names of countries are not capitalized; as, americain, 
 anglais, francaise, espagnole, etc. 
 
 Geographical names are usually compounded: Grande-Bretagne, Etats-Ums, New- 
 York, Nouvelle-Orleans, Buenos-Ayres, Port-au-Prince, Saint-Louis, etc. 
 
 A space should not be inserted after an apostrophe: J'aime; c'est Phomme qu'il 
 n'estime pas; grand'mere; aujourd'hui; entr'acte, etc. 
 
 GERMAN. 
 
 In general, words are divided as enunciated when slowly pronounced; as, Hau-be, 
 Sor-ge, Bil-dung, Wes-pe, kin-disch, Lieb-lich-keit, Ge-walt-mass-re-gel. 
 
 Compound words are divided according to their component parts; as, dar-um, hm- 
 aus, vor-aus, Be- ob-achtung, voll-enden, Inter-esse, Atmo-sphare, Mikro-skop, Dis- 
 tichon, Dis-put, Dis-position, Ver-eins-bank. 
 
 When a consonant follows an accented vowel in the middle of a word, the division 
 is made after the latter; as, pfle-gen, he-ben, kne-ten, lie-ben. 
 
 The digraphs ch, dt, ph, and th, and the trigraph sch, are not divided m words like 
 la-chen, ha-schen, Telegra-phie, Gesan-dte, Sta-dte. 
 
 When two or more consonants follow an accented vowel in the middle ot a word, 
 the division is made before the last of such consonants; as, Wes-pe, put-zen, Fiich-se, 
 klop-fen, klin-gen, Erinnerun-gen, Kas-ten, Schwer-ter, W T as-ser. 
 
 The letters x an z should go with the vowel following; as, Ni-xe, Hit-ze, hei-zen. 
 
 Following r and m the digraph pf belongs to the next syllable; as, kam-pfen, Kar- 
 pien. But, rap-fen. 
 
 In German every noun is capitalized. Adjectives derived from the names of coun- 
 tries are not capitalized; as, amerikanische, englisches, deutscher, etc. 
 
 Vater, Vater; Mutter, Mutter; Garten, Garten; Vogel, Vogel, and many others, are 
 correct forms, being, respectively, the singular and pluraL 
 
 When the same component is common to two or more compounds in succession, 
 it will be given once only, its relation to the others being indicated by the hyphen; 
 e. g. "Pfeifen- und Saitentone," for Pfeifentone und Saitentone" (wind- and bow- 
 instruments) . This will occur not only in nouns but also in verbs and adjectives; 
 as, Nord- und Siidamerika; auf- und niedergehenj schwarz- und weissgestreift. 
 
 NAMES OF THE MONTHS IN FIVE LANGUAGES. 
 
 English. 
 
 Spanish. 
 
 Portuguese. 
 
 French. 
 
 German. 
 
 January. 
 February. 
 
 enero. 
 febrero. 
 
 Janeiro, 
 fevereiro. 
 
 Janvier, 
 fevrier. 
 
 Januar. 
 Februar. 
 
 March. 
 
 marzo. 
 
 marco. 
 
 mars. 
 
 Marz. 
 
 April. 
 May. 
 
 abril. 
 mayo. 
 
 abrg. 
 maio. 
 
 avril. 
 mai. 
 
 April. 
 Mai. 
 
 June. 
 
 jumo. 
 
 junho. 
 
 ]um. 
 
 Juni. 
 
 July. 
 
 julio. 
 
 julho. 
 
 juillet. 
 
 Juli. 
 
 August. 
 September. 
 October. 
 
 agosto. 
 setiembre. 
 octubre. 
 
 agosto. 
 setembro. 
 outubro. 
 
 aout. 
 septembre. 
 octobre. 
 
 August. 
 September. 
 Oktober. 
 
 November. 
 
 noviembre. 
 
 novembro. 
 
 novembre. 
 
 November. 
 
 December. 
 
 diciembre. 
 
 dezembro. 
 
 decembre. 
 
 Dezember. 
 
 It will be observed in the foregoing list that the names of months are capitalized 
 in English and German, but are not capitalized in Spanish, Portuguese, and French. 
 
 PORTUGUESE. 
 
 Words with the Latin prefixes con, de, in, ab, ob, pre, re, etc., followed by a, are 
 divided after the s; as, cons-tan-te, res-pon-der, pres-cre-ver, ins-cul-pir, abs-trac-cao, 
 etc. 
 
 W T hen g is followed by ??, the division is made between these two letters; as, 
 ag-no-me, cog-no-men-te, dig-na-men-te, etc. 
 
 The characters nh and Ui are regarded as single letters and therefore the h must 
 not be separated from the preceding consonant; as, en-ge-nhei-ros, co-nhe-ci-men-to, 
 ca-mi-nho, fi-lho, ma-lha, tra-ba-lho. 
 
USEFUL INFORM ATION. 
 
 57 
 
 When the letter #, in the middle of a word, is found between two vowels, it must 
 be joined to the vowel following it; as, abai-xar, au-xi-lio, dei-xar, etc. But division 
 mav be made between x and another consonant: Ex-cel-len-te-meii-te. 
 
 Vowels forming diphthongs should not be divided; as, coa-dei-ra, dou-to, pau- 
 
 ar pronouns following verbs are always connected by the hyphen; as, encontra-lo, 
 acomphanhar-me, retirar-me-hei, corrige-te, fallo-lhe, occupar-se, fizerao-no, pare. 
 
 n Do e not divide on one letter, and two-letter divisions should be avoided if possible. 
 Adjectives derived from names of countries are not capitalized; as, nespanhola, 
 portuguesa, americano, etc. 
 
 SPANISH.j 
 
 It is intended that all syllables, if possible, should end with a vowel; therefore a 
 single consonant, ch, II, rr, and n, occurring between vowels, is joined to the vowel 
 following; as, mo-ti-vo, re-ba-no, mu-cha-cho, ba-ta-lla, ba-rre-no, ci-ga-rro. 
 
 The letters I and r, when preceded by any consonant except s, must not be separated 
 from the consonant, except when uniting parts of compound words; as, ha-blar, 
 rm-drir. But, sub-lu-nar, sub-ra-yar. 
 
 Two or more consonants may be divided, but if s appears between two consonants 
 place the hyphen after it; as, ab-sol-ver. But, abs-te-ner. 
 
 Do not separate diphthongs nor triphthongs: Apre-cia-cion, es- -te, gra 
 
 B1 Do not divide on one letter, and two-letter divisions should be avoided if possible. 
 
 Adjectives derived from names of countries are not capitalized; as, americano, 
 espanola, portuguesa, etc. 
 
 Do not use the degree mark () in connection with ordinal numbers; use supe- 
 rior ; as, Articulo 1. 
 
 3 point, 
 4 point, 
 
 5 point, 
 5$- point, 
 
 6 point, 
 
 7 point, 
 
 8 point, 
 
 9 pointj. 
 
 10 point, 
 
 11 point, 
 
 12 point, 
 
 Brilliant. 
 
 Diamond. 
 
 Pearl. 
 
 Agate. 
 
 Nonpareil. 
 
 Minion. 
 
 Brevier. 
 
 Bourgeois. 
 
 Long Primer. 
 
 Small Pica. 
 
 Pica. 
 
 POINT SYSTEM. 
 
 14 point, 2-line Minion or 32 point, 
 
 English. 36 point, 
 
 15 point, 3-line Pearl. 
 
 16 point, 2-line Brevier. 40 point, 
 18 point, Great Primer. 42 point, 
 20 point, 2-line Long Primer 44 point, 
 
 or Paragon. 
 
 22 point, 2-line Small Pica. 48 point, 
 
 24 point, 2-line Pica. 54 point, 
 
 28 point, 2-line English. 60 point, 
 
 30 point, 5-line Nonpareil. 72 point, 
 
 ROMAN NUMERALS. 
 
 4-line Brevier. 
 2-line Great 
 
 Primer. 
 
 Double Paragon. 
 7-line Nonpareil. 
 4-line Small Pica 
 
 or Canon. 
 4 line Pica. 
 9-line Nonpareil. 
 5-line Pica. 
 6-line Pica. 
 
 I. 
 
 II. 
 
 III. 
 
 IV. 
 
 V. 
 
 VI. 
 
 VII. 
 
 VIII. 
 
 IX. 
 
 X 
 
 f> 
 
 XX 
 
 g 
 
 XXX 
 
 4 
 
 XL 
 
 5 
 
 L 
 
 6 
 
 LX 
 
 
 LXX 
 
 s 
 
 LXXX 
 
 g 
 
 xc .. . 
 
 10 
 
 . c.. 
 
 19 
 20 
 30 
 40 
 50 
 60 
 70 
 80 
 90 
 100 
 
 CL :. 150 
 
 OC 200 
 
 CCC 300 
 
 CCCC 400 
 
 D 500 
 
 DC 600 
 
 DCC 700 
 
 DCCC 800 
 
 DCCCC 900 
 
 M 1000 
 
58 USEFUL INFORMATION. 
 
 RULE (CUT TO SIX-POINT) IN EIGHT-POINT TABLES. 
 
 8-pt. 6-pt. ! Rule. 
 
 8-pt. 6-pt. 
 
 Rule. 
 
 1 em = 14 U 
 
 14 ems = 2 
 
 2 
 
 2'ems = 2 24 
 
 24 ems = 34 
 
 3i 
 
 3ems= 4 
 
 34 ems = 4} 
 
 44 
 
 4 ems = 54 5i 
 5ems= 6$ 64 
 
 44 ems = 6 
 54 ems = 74 
 
 6 
 71 
 
 6ems = 8 8 
 
 65 ems = 8| 
 
 84 
 
 7 ems = 94 
 
 9t 
 
 74 ems = 10 
 
 10 
 
 8 ems = 10f 
 
 104 
 
 84 ems =3114 
 
 11* 
 
 9 ems = 12 12 
 
 94 ems = 12 
 
 124 
 
 10 ems = 13J 
 11 ems = 14f 
 
 13* 
 
 144 
 
 104 ems = 14 
 114 ems =154 
 
 14 
 15* 
 
 12 ems = 16 
 
 16 
 
 124 ems = 16| 
 
 164 
 
 13 ems = 17^ 
 
 17* 
 
 134 ems = 18 
 
 18 
 
 14ems = 18f 
 
 184 
 
 144 ems = 194 
 
 19| 
 
 15 ems = 20 
 
 20 
 
 154 ems =20f 
 
 204 
 
 16 ems =214 
 
 211 
 
 164 ems =22 
 
 22 
 
 17ems = 22f 
 
 224 
 
 17* ems =234 
 
 23i 
 
 18 ems =24 
 
 24 
 
 184ems = 24 
 
 244 
 
 19 ems =254 
 
 25i 
 
 19* ems =26 
 
 26 
 
 20 ems = 26f 
 
 264 
 
 204 ems = 274 
 
 27i 
 
 21 ems = 28 
 
 28 
 
 21 4 ems =28$ 
 
 284 
 
 22 ems = 294 
 
 29i 
 
 224 ems = 30 
 
 30 
 
 23 ems = 30f 
 
 24 ems = 32 
 
 30^ 
 32 
 
 23J ems = 314 
 24* ems = 32$ 
 
 3H 
 324 
 
 25 ems = 334 
 
 33^ 
 
 254 ems = 34 
 
 34 
 
 26 ems = 34f 
 
 344 
 
 264 ems = 354 
 
 35i 
 
 27 ems = 36 
 
 36 
 
 . 274ems = 36 
 
 364 
 
 28 ems = 37 J 
 
 37i 
 
 284 ems =38 
 
 38 
 
 29 ems = 38 
 
 384 
 
 294 em s=394 
 
 39i 
 
 30 ems = 40 
 
 40 
 
 304ems=40 
 
 404 
 
USEFUL INFORMATION. 
 RUSSIAN ALPHABET. 
 
 59 
 
 Name as 
 
 No. 
 
 Caps. 
 
 L. c. 
 
 pronounced 
 in English. 
 
 Sound. 
 
 1 
 
 A 
 
 a 
 
 Ah 
 
 a in far. 
 
 2 
 
 B 
 
 6 
 
 Bay 
 
 b in bed. 
 
 3 
 
 B 
 
 B Vay 
 
 v in vague. 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 r 
 
 r 
 A 
 
 Gay 
 Day 
 
 g in gay. 
 d in day. 
 
 6 
 
 E 
 
 e 
 
 Yea 
 
 ye in yell. 
 
 7*\Ty* 
 JlV 
 
 >K Zhay 
 
 z in azure. 
 
 o , 
 
 o o 
 
 3 Zay z in zeal. 
 H Ee i in machine. 
 
 10 il 
 
 ft Ee 
 
 V in year. 
 
 11 T 
 
 i Ee i in bit. 
 
 12 
 
 K 
 
 K Kah k in kite. 
 
 13 
 
 Jl 
 
 ji El 1 in long. 
 
 14 
 
 M 
 
 M '< Em nrinman. 
 
 15 
 
 H 
 
 H En n in no. 
 
 16 
 
 O 
 
 o 
 
 o in note. 
 
 17 
 
 H 
 
 n 
 
 Pay 
 
 p in pay. 
 
 18 
 
 P 
 
 p Aifr 
 
 r in error. 
 
 19 
 
 c 
 
 c 1 Es 
 
 s in say. 
 
 20 
 
 T 
 
 T 
 
 Tay t in tea. 
 
 21 
 
 y 
 
 V 
 
 Oo oo in boot. 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 <D 
 X 
 
 A Ef f in fold, 
 x Khah kh( like the German ch). 
 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 
 n; 
 in 
 
 u, 
 m 
 
 Tsay 
 
 Chay 
 Shah ' 
 
 ts in hoots, 
 ch in church, 
 sh in shawl. 
 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 m 
 
 T> 
 LI 
 
 m Shtshah shtsh. 
 i, Year 1 Always silent. 
 BI Yearee u (like the German u) . 
 
 30 
 
 
 Year 2 (') 
 
 31 
 
 -B -fe 
 
 Yat' ye in yea. 
 
 32 
 
 3 3 
 
 Eh e in met. 
 
 33 
 34 
 
 K) K) 
 
 Yoo u in union. 
 Yah ia in Christian. 
 
 Orr 
 
 35 
 
 6 e Feeta ph in philosophy. 
 
 36 
 
 V v Eezhitsah i in bit. 
 
 iTweerdee. 2 M yakhkee. 
 
 Small caps: A E i P c 
 
 SIGNATURE MARKS. 
 
 HOUSE AND SENATE DOCS. 
 
 H. Doc. 73, 58-3 2 
 
 S. Doc. 57, 58-3 2 
 
 S. Doc. 57, 58-3, pt 1 2 
 
 S. Doc. 57, 58-2, vol 1 2 
 
 H. Rep. 120, 58-3 2 
 
 S. Rep. 100, 58-3 2 
 
 SIGNATURE FOR PASTERS. 
 
 Regular signature mark used on job, 
 adding 
 
 (To face page .) 
 
 If two or more pasters follow each 
 other 
 
 (To face page .) No. 1, etc. 
 
 HEARINGS. 
 
 Use jacket number and some distin- 
 guishing marks, e. g. 
 
 4321 LEG is 08 2 
 
60 
 
 USEFUL INFORMATION. 
 
 STANDARD PAGE MEASUREMENTS. 
 
 [Hand set.] 
 WIDTH OF PAGK. 
 
 Measure. 
 
 10-point. 
 
 8-point. 
 
 6-point. 
 
 Census 
 
 51X 
 
 64 
 
 85^ 
 
 Quarto 
 
 &y 
 
 54% 
 
 73 
 
 Statutes 
 
 38 2^+i/ 
 
 48% 
 
 64% 
 
 Professional papers 
 
 38% 
 
 48 
 
 64 
 
 Octavo (document) 
 
 
 
 52% 
 
 12mo 
 
 27 
 
 33% 
 
 44% 
 
 Law T 
 
 
 32% 
 
 
 General order 
 
 24% 
 
 30% 
 
 41 
 
 Bill 
 
 
 45% 
 
 
 Court decisions 
 
 27% 
 
 34% 
 
 46% 
 
 Record 
 
 25% 
 
 
 42% 
 
 i/ Census 
 
 
 30% +H 
 
 4ia 
 
 i/ Quarto 
 
 21% 
 
 27 
 
 36 
 
 
 
 
 
 LENGTH OF PAGE.a 
 
 Census 
 
 67K 
 
 84 
 
 112 
 
 Quarto 
 
 63% 
 
 
 106 
 
 Statutes 
 
 60 
 
 75 
 
 100 
 
 Professional papers 
 
 55 
 
 68% 
 
 
 Octavo (document) 
 
 54 
 
 
 89% 
 
 12mo 
 
 48 
 
 60 
 
 
 Law 
 
 48 
 
 60 
 
 79 i^ 
 
 General order . . _ _ . 
 
 
 48 
 
 63% 
 
 Bill 
 
 63% 
 
 
 106 
 
 Court decisions 
 
 49 
 
 61 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Does not include head or foot slug. 
 
USEFUL INFOKMATION. 
 
 61 
 
 Standard page measurements Continued. 
 
 [Monotype.] 
 
 ' NARROW. 
 
 Measure. 
 
 6 set. 
 
 8 set. 
 
 10i set. 
 
 12 set. 
 
 Army and Navy 
 
 4 61.5 
 
 45^.6 
 
 34*. 6 
 
 30*. 1 
 
 Bill (regular and engrossed) 
 
 2 601.1 
 
 45$ 
 
 34J.2 
 
 30.7 
 
 Enrolled 
 
 73J 
 
 
 
 36.4 
 
 Indorsements -- - -- 
 
 36i 
 
 27.1 
 
 20^.2 
 
 18.2 
 
 Blue Book index (without rule) . 
 
 2 16|. 1 
 
 12$. 1 
 
 9^.1 
 
 8.7 
 
 Census --- 
 
 85$ 
 
 64.1 
 
 48J.3 
 
 42*. 5 
 
 Census bulletin . 
 
 2 77 J.I 
 
 57$. 7 
 
 44 
 
 38^.2 
 
 Court decisions 
 
 46* 
 
 34$. 6 
 
 26.8 
 
 23.5 
 
 Court of Claims 
 
 37* 
 
 28.2 
 
 21.6 
 
 18*. 5 
 
 Side notes 
 
 2 8f.l 
 
 6J.1 
 
 5 
 
 4.7 
 
 Digest appropriations 
 
 79i 
 
 59.6 
 
 45.2 
 
 39.2 
 
 Document ' 
 
 53 
 
 39$. 4 
 
 30.3 
 
 26* 
 
 Ga/ette index and decisions 
 
 69J 
 
 52.2 
 
 39^.4 
 
 34^.5 
 
 General Order .. 
 
 41J 
 
 30$. 7 
 
 23.8 
 
 20^.2 
 
 Jefferson papers 
 
 40| 
 
 30$ 
 
 23.3 
 
 20.6 
 
 Law 
 
 2 43|. 1 
 
 32$. 5 
 
 24^.8 
 
 21 J. 7 
 
 Side notes 
 
 2 8|. 1 
 
 6il 
 
 5 
 
 4.7 
 
 Library catalogue slip 
 
 3 48. 2 
 
 36.1 
 
 27.7 
 
 24.1 
 
 Nautical \lrnanac 
 
 67* 
 
 50i. 1 
 
 38.8 
 
 33*. 5 
 
 Professional papers 
 
 3 64. 2 
 
 48 
 
 36* 
 
 32. 1 
 
 Quarto 
 
 73i 
 
 54*. 6 
 
 41 J. 3 
 
 36*. 2 
 
 Record 
 
 3 851. 2 
 
 64.5 
 
 48*. 7 
 
 42*. 7 
 
 
 65 
 
 48*. 3 
 
 37 
 
 32* 
 
 Side notes 
 
 3 11*.2 
 
 8*. 4 
 
 6J.2 
 
 5*. 5 
 
 Tide tables 
 
 69* 
 
 52.2 
 
 39^.4 
 
 34^.5 
 
 12mo 
 
 2 45. 1 
 
 33J. 5 
 
 25^ 3 
 
 22$ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 BROAD. 
 
 Bill 
 
 106 
 
 79.7 
 
 60.6 
 
 53 
 
 Census 
 
 112 
 
 83*. 7 
 
 63*. 5 
 
 56 
 
 Court decisions 
 
 811 
 
 60*. 6 
 
 46.4 
 
 40*. 2 
 
 Document 
 
 90 
 
 67.8 
 
 51.4 
 
 45 
 
 General order 
 
 63| 
 
 47^.4 
 
 36. 5 
 
 31*. 6 
 
 Law . 
 
 79J 
 
 59$. 1 
 
 45.5 
 
 39^.5 
 
 Professional paoers 
 
 91| 
 
 68$. 1 
 
 52.2 
 
 45. 5 
 
 Quarto 
 
 106 
 
 79.7 
 
 60.6 
 
 53 
 
 Revised Statutes 
 
 100 
 
 74*. 7 
 
 56*. 8 
 
 50 
 
 12mo 
 
 79 
 
 59*. 1 
 
 45.5 
 
 39*. 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
62 X 
 
 USEFUL INFORMATION. 
 
 Standard, page measurements Continued. 
 
 [Monotype.] 
 HALF NARROW. 
 
 Measure. 
 
 6 set. 
 
 8 set. 
 
 Army and Navy - ! 29| 
 
 Bill j 29i 
 
 Census 41*. 2 
 
 Census bulletin | 2 3?i l 
 
 Court decisions 3 22*. 2 
 
 Digest appropriations j 39 
 
 Document 25?. 3 
 
 Gazette decisions, etc 3 33|. 2 
 
 General order I 20 
 
 Law... 2 2U.l 
 
 Professional papers ! 3 31J. 2 
 
 Quarto -- \ 36 
 
 Record 42i 
 
 Revised Statutes j *31f . 2 
 
 Specifications 3 33|. 2 
 
 12mo.. 3 21|-2 
 
 22.5 
 
 21*. 6 
 31.3 
 28.2 
 16*. 8 
 29.4 
 19.4 
 25.7 
 15 
 
 15*. 8 
 
 23.8 
 
 26*. 8 
 
 31*. 2 
 
 23*. 6 
 
 25.7 
 
 16.6 
 
 set. 
 
 16*. 8 
 
 16*. 3 
 
 23*. 3 
 21.7 
 
 12*. 7 
 22.4 
 
 14*. 2 
 19.6 
 11.7 
 12.2 
 
 17*. 6 
 
 20* 
 24.1 
 18.2 
 19.6 
 12.8 
 
 12 set. 
 
 14.]. 6 
 141.2 
 201.5 
 181.5 
 
 11.5 
 19* ' 
 121.6 
 161.8 
 
 10 | 
 101.3 
 151.3 
 
 18 
 
 21.1 
 151.7 
 16*. 8 
 101. 7 
 
 NOTE. Third narrow: Census 6 set, 4 27^.3; 8 set, 20^; 10i set, 15^.2; 12 set, 13i.3. Document 6 setJ 
 3 16J 2- 8 set, 12i.2; 10i set, 9.l; 12 set, 8.7. 
 Superior figures indicate number of thicknesses of keyboard paper to be added to measure on cam 
 
 in peratora should always give the caster the 6 set measurement on all measures. 
 
 RONALDSON MEASURE NARROW. 
 
 [Use S-2 stop bar and C-l layout on all Ronaldson.] 
 
 Measure. 
 
 6 point 8 point ! 10 point 11 point 
 (7$ set). ! (8*set). 
 
 Census 70* 60 
 
 ourt decisions ! 38. 7 32. 3 
 
 Document 43| 37.7 
 
 Half document ! 21i 18.2 
 
 General order \ 34. 2 29. 1 
 
 Law \ 36i 30*. 5 
 
 Professional papers j 52. 6 45. 1 
 
 Quarto 60.7 51 
 
 Record.. 35 29. 6 
 
 51.2 
 27J.7 
 31*. 5 
 
 15.7 
 24*. 5 
 
 26.3 
 
 38.6 
 43*. 5 
 
 25.6 
 
 46*. 3 
 25. 6 ' 
 
 281.5 
 
 14 
 
 22. 7 
 23*. I 
 34*. 6 
 39*. 7 
 
 23.1 
 
USEFUL INFORMATION. 63 
 
 STATES, TERRITORIES, AND COUNTIES. 
 
 Note the orthography in names of the following counties: 
 Allegany in Maryland and New York. 
 Alleghany in North Carolina and Virginia. 
 
 Allegheny in Pennsylvania. 
 
 Andrew in Missouri. 
 Andrews in Texas. 
 Aransas in Texas. 
 Arkansas in Arkansas. 
 Barber in Kansas. 
 
 Barbour in Alabama and West Virginia. 
 Brooke in West Virginia. 
 Brooks in Georgia. 
 Brown in all cases. 
 Bulloch in Georgia. 
 Bullock in Alabama. 
 Burnet in Texas. 
 Burnett in Wisconsin. 
 
 Clarke in Alabama, Georgia, Iowa, Mississippi, Virginia, and Washington; all 
 others Clark. 
 
 Coffee in Alabama, Georgia, and Tennessee/ 
 Coffey in Kansas. 
 Coal in Oklahoma. 
 Cole in Missouri. 
 Cook in Illinois and Minnesota. 
 Cooke in Texas. 
 
 Davidson in North Carolina and Tennessee. 
 Davison in North Dakota. 
 Davie in North Carolina. 
 
 Daviess in Indiana, Kentucky, and Missouri. 
 Davis in Iowa and Utah. 
 
 Dickenson in Virginia. 
 
 Dickinson in Iowa, Kansas, and Michigan. 
 
 Dickson in Tennessee. 
 
 Douglas in all cases. 
 
 Glascock in Georgia. 
 
 Glasscock in Texas. 
 
 Green in Kentucky and Wisconsin; all others Greene. 
 
 Johnston in North Carolina and Oklahoma; all others Johnson. 
 
 Kearney in Nebraska. 
 
 Kearny in Kansas. 
 
 Lawrence in all cases. 
 
 Loudon in Tennessee. 
 
 Loudoun in Virginia. 
 
 Park in Colorado and- Montana. 
 
 Parke in Indiana. 
 
 Pottawattamie in Iowa. 
 
 Pottawatomie in Kansas. 
 
 Sanders in Montana. 
 
 Saunders in Nebraska. 
 
 Smyth in Virginia; all others Smith. 
 
 Stanley in South Dakota. 
 
 Stanly in North Carolina. 
 
 Stark in Illinois, North Dakota, and Ohio. 
 
 Stark e in Indiana. 
 
 Stephens in Georgia and Texas. 
 
 Stevens in Kansas, Minnesota, and Washington. 
 
 Storey in Nevada. 
 
 Story in Iowa. 
 
 Terrell in Georgia and Texas. 
 
 Tyrrell in North Carolina. 
 
 Vermilion in all cases. 
 
 Woods in Oklahoma; all others Wood. 
 
64 
 
 USEFUL INFORMATION. 
 
 ALABAMA. 
 
 Autauga. 
 
 Baldwin. 
 
 Harbour. 
 
 Bibb. 
 
 Blount. 
 
 Bullock. 
 
 Butler. 
 
 Calhoun. 
 
 Chambers. 
 
 Cherokee. 
 
 Chilton. 
 
 Choctaw. 
 
 Clarke. 
 
 Clay. 
 
 Cleburne.' 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 Colbert. 
 
 ARIZONA. 
 
 Apache. 
 Cochise. 
 Coconino. 
 Gila. 
 
 ARKANSAS. 
 
 Arkansas. 
 
 Ashley. 
 
 Baxter. 
 
 Benton. 
 
 Boone. 
 
 Bradley. 
 
 Calhoun. 
 
 Carroll. 
 
 Chicot. 
 
 Clark. 
 
 Clay. 
 
 Cleburne. 
 
 Cleveland. 
 
 Columbia. 
 
 Corovay. 
 
 Craighead. 
 
 Crawford. 
 
 Crittenden. 
 
 Cross. 
 
 CALIFORNIA. 
 
 Alameda. 
 
 Alpine. 
 
 Arnador. 
 
 Butte. 
 
 Calaveras. 
 
 Colusa. 
 
 Contra Costa. 
 
 Del Norte. 
 
 Eldorado. 
 
 Fresno. 
 
 Glenn. 
 
 Humboldt. 
 
 Imperial. 
 
 Inyo. 
 
 Kern. 
 
 COLORADO. 
 
 Adams. 
 
 Arapahoe. 
 
 Archuleta. 
 
 Baca. 
 
 Bent. 
 
 Boulder. 
 
 Chaftee. 
 
 Cheyenne. 
 
 Clear Creek. 
 
 Conejos. 
 
 Costilla. 
 
 Custer. 
 
 Delta. 
 
 Denver. 
 
 Dolores. 
 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 
 Fairneld. 
 Hartford. 
 
 Conecuh. 
 
 Coosa. 
 
 Covington. 
 
 Crenshaw. 
 
 Cullman. 
 
 Dale. 
 
 Dallas. 
 
 Dekalb. 
 
 Elmore. 
 
 Escambia. 
 
 Etowah. 
 
 Fayette. 
 
 Franklin. 
 
 Geneva. 
 
 Greene. 
 
 Hale. 
 
 Henry. 
 
 Graham. 
 
 Maricopa. 
 
 Mohave. 
 
 Dallas. 
 
 Desha. 
 
 Drew. 
 
 Faulkner. 
 
 Franklin. 
 
 Fulton. 
 
 Garland. 
 
 Grant. 
 
 Greene. 
 
 Hempstead. 
 
 Hot Spring. 
 
 Howard. 
 
 Independence. 
 
 Izard. 
 
 Jackson. 
 
 Jefferson. 
 
 Johnson. 
 
 Lafayette. 
 
 Lawrence. 
 
 Kings. 
 Lake. 
 
 Los Angeles. 
 
 Madera. 
 
 Marin. 
 
 Mariposa. 
 
 Mendocino. 
 
 Merced. 
 
 Modoc. 
 
 Mono. 
 
 Monterey. 
 
 Napa. 
 
 Nevada. 
 
 Orange. 
 
 Douglas. 
 
 Eagle. 
 
 Elbert. 
 
 El Paso. 
 
 Fremont. 
 
 Gar field. 
 
 Gilpin. 
 
 Grand. 
 
 Gunnison. 
 
 Hinsdale. 
 
 Huerfano. 
 
 Jefferson. 
 
 Kiowa. 
 
 Kit Carson. 
 
 Lake. 
 
 Litchfield. 
 Middlesex. 
 
 Houston. 
 
 Jackson. 
 
 Jefferson. 
 
 Lamar. 
 
 Lauderdale. 
 
 Lawrence. 
 
 Lee. 
 
 Limestone. 
 
 Lowndes. 
 
 Macon. 
 
 Madison. 
 
 Marengo. 
 
 Marion. 
 
 Marshall. 
 
 Mobile. 
 
 Monroe.x 
 
 Montgomery. 
 
 Navajo. 
 
 Pima. 
 
 Final. 
 
 Lee. 
 
 Lincoln. 
 
 Little River. 
 
 Logan. 
 
 Lonqke. 
 
 Madison. 
 
 Marion. 
 
 Miller. 
 
 Mississippi. 
 
 Monroe. 
 
 Montgomery. 
 
 Nevada. 
 
 Newton. 
 
 Ouachita. 
 
 Perry. 
 
 Phillips. 
 
 Pike. 
 
 Poinsett. 
 
 Polk. 
 
 Placer. 
 Plumas. 
 Riverside. 
 Sacramento. 
 San Benito. 
 San Bernardino. 
 San Diego. 
 San Francisco. 
 San Joaquin. 
 San Luis Obispo. 
 San Mateo. 
 Santa Barbara. 
 Santa Clara. 
 Santa Cruz. 
 Shasta. 
 
 La Plata. 
 
 Larimer. 
 
 Las Animas. 
 
 Lincoln. 
 
 Logan. 
 
 Mesa. 
 
 Mineral. 
 
 Montezuma. 
 
 Montrose. 
 
 Morgan. 
 
 Otero. 
 
 Ouray. 
 
 Park. 
 
 Phillips. 
 
 Pitkin. 
 
 New Haven. 
 New London. 
 
 Santa Cruz. 
 
 Yavapai. 
 
 Yuma. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Prairie. 
 
 Pulaski. 
 
 Randolph. 
 
 St. Francis. 
 
 Saline. 
 
 Scott. 
 
 Searcy. 
 
 Sebastian. 
 
 Sevier. 
 
 Sharp. 
 
 Stone. 
 
 Union. 
 
 Van Buren. 
 
 Washington. 
 
 White. 
 
 Woodruff. 
 
 Yell. 
 
 Sierra. 
 
 Siskiyou. 
 
 Solano. 
 
 Sonoma. 
 
 Stanislaus. 
 
 Sutler. 
 
 Tehama. 
 
 Trinity. 
 
 Tulare. 
 
 Tuolumne. 
 
 Ventura. 
 
 Yolo. 
 
 Yuba. 
 
 Prowers. 
 
 Pueblo. 
 
 Rio Blanco. 
 
 Rio Grande. 
 
 Routt. 
 
 Saguache. 
 
 San Juan. 
 
 San Miguel. 
 
 Sedgwick. 
 
 Summit. 
 
 Teller. 
 
 Washington. 
 
 Weld. 
 
 Yuma. 
 
 Tolland. 
 Windham. 
 
 DELAWARE. 
 
 Kent. 
 
 Newcastle. 
 
 Sussex. 
 
USEFUL INFORMATION. 
 
 65 
 
 FLORIDA. 
 
 
 Alachua. 
 
 Franklin. 
 
 Baker. 
 
 Gadsden . 
 
 Bradford. 
 
 Hamilton. 
 
 Brevard. 
 
 Hernando. 
 
 Calhoun. 
 
 Hillsboro. 
 
 Citrus. 
 
 Holmes. 
 
 Clay. 
 
 Jackson. 
 
 Columbia. 
 
 Jefferson. 
 
 Dade. 
 
 Lafayette. 
 
 De Soto. 
 
 Lake. 
 
 Duval. 
 
 Lee. 
 
 Escambia. 
 
 Leon. 
 
 GEORGIA. 
 
 
 SSfig* 
 
 Dekalb. 
 Dodge. 
 
 Baldwin. 
 
 Dooly. 
 
 Banks. 
 
 Dougherty. 
 
 Bartow. 
 
 Douglas. * 
 
 Ben Hill. 
 
 Early. 
 
 Berrien. 
 
 Echols. 
 
 Bibb. 
 
 Effingham. 
 
 Brooks. 
 
 Elbert. 
 
 Bryan. 
 
 Emanuel. 
 
 Bulloch. 
 
 Fannin. 
 
 Burke. 
 
 Fayette. 
 
 Butts. 
 
 Floyd. 
 
 Calhoun. 
 
 Foray th. 
 
 Camden. 
 
 Franklin. 
 
 Campbell. 
 Carroll. 
 
 Fulton. 
 Gilmer. 
 
 Catoosa. 
 
 Glascock. 
 
 Charlton. 
 
 Glynn. 
 
 Chatham. 
 
 Gordon. 
 
 Chattahoochee. 
 
 Grady. 
 
 Chattooga. 
 
 Greene. 
 
 Cherokee. 
 
 Gwinnett. 
 
 Clarke. 
 
 Habersham. 
 
 Clay. 
 
 Hall. 
 
 Clayton. 
 
 Hancock. 
 
 Clinch. 
 
 Haralson. 
 
 Cobb. 
 
 Harris. 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 Hart. 
 
 Colquitt. 
 
 Heard. 
 
 Columbia. 
 
 Henry. 
 
 Coweta. 
 
 Houston. 
 
 Crawford. 
 
 Irwin. 
 
 Crisp. 
 
 Jackson. 
 
 Dade. 
 
 Jasper. 
 
 Dawson. 
 
 Jeff Davis. 
 
 Decatur. 
 
 Jefferson. 
 
 HAWAII. 
 
 
 Hawaii. 
 
 Kauai. 
 
 Kalawao. 
 
 
 IDAHO. 
 
 
 Ada. 
 
 Bonner. 
 
 Bannock. 
 
 Canyon. 
 
 Bear Lake. 
 
 Cassia. 
 
 Bingham. 
 
 Custer. 
 
 Elaine. 
 
 El more. 
 
 Boise. 
 
 Fremont. 
 
 ILLINOIS. 
 
 
 Adams. 
 
 Dupage. 
 
 Alexander. 
 
 Edgar. 
 
 Bond. 
 
 Edwards. 
 
 Boone. 
 
 Effingham. 
 
 Brown. 
 
 Fayette. 
 
 Bureau. 
 
 Ford. 
 
 Calhoun. 
 
 Franklin. 
 
 Carroll. 
 
 Fulton. 
 
 Cass. 
 
 Gallatin. 
 
 Champaign. 
 
 Greene. 
 
 Christian. 
 
 Grundy. 
 
 Clark. 
 
 Hamilton. 
 
 Clay. 
 
 Hancock. 
 
 Clinton. 
 
 Hardin. 
 
 Coles. 
 
 Henderson. 
 
 Cook. 
 
 Henry. 
 
 Crawford. 
 Cumberland. 
 
 Iroquois. 
 Jackson. 
 
 Dekalb. 
 
 Jasper. 
 
 Dewitt. 
 
 Jefferson. 
 
 Douglas. 
 
 Jersey. 
 
 5112108 5 
 
 
 Levy. 
 
 Liberty. 
 
 Madison. 
 
 Manatee. 
 
 Marion. 
 
 Monroe. 
 
 Nassau. 
 
 Orange. 
 
 Osceola. 
 
 Pasco. 
 
 Polk. 
 
 Putnam. 
 
 Jenkins. 
 
 Johnson. 
 
 Jones. 
 
 Laurens. 
 
 Lee. 
 
 Liberty, 
 
 Lincoln. 
 
 Lowndes. 
 
 Lumpkin. 
 
 McDuffle. 
 
 Mclntosh. 
 
 Macon. 
 
 Madison. 
 
 Marion. 
 
 Meri wether. 
 
 Miller. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Mitchell. 
 
 Monroe. 
 
 Montgomery. 
 
 Morgan. 
 
 Murray. 
 
 Muscogee. 
 
 Newton. 
 
 Oconee. 
 
 Oglethorpe. 
 
 Paulding. 
 
 Pickens. 
 
 Pierce. 
 
 Pike. 
 
 Polk. 
 
 Pulaski. 
 
 Putnam. 
 
 Quitman. 
 
 Rabun. 
 
 Randolph. 
 
 Richmond. 
 
 Maui. 
 
 Idaho. 
 
 Kootenai. 
 
 Latah. 
 
 Lenihi. 
 
 Lincoln. 
 
 Nez Perce. 
 
 Jo Daviess. 
 
 Johnson. 
 
 Kane. 
 
 Kankakee. 
 
 Kendall. 
 
 Knox. 
 
 Lake. 
 
 Lasalle. 
 
 Lawrence. 
 
 Lee. 
 
 Livingston. 
 
 Logan. 
 
 McDonough. 
 
 McHenry. 
 
 McLean. 
 
 Macon. 
 
 Macoupin. 
 
 Madison. 
 
 Marion. 
 
 Marshall. 
 
 Mason. 
 
 St. John. 
 
 St. Lucie. 
 
 Santa Rosa. 
 
 Sumter. 
 
 Suwanee. 
 
 Taylor. 
 
 Volusia. 
 
 Wakulla. 
 
 Walton. 
 
 Washington. 
 
 Rockdale. 
 
 Schley. 
 
 Screven. 
 
 Spalding. 
 
 Stephens. 
 
 Stewart. 
 
 Sumter. 
 
 Talbot. 
 
 Taliaferro. 
 
 Tattnall. 
 
 Taylor. 
 
 Telfair. 
 
 Terrell. 
 
 Thomas. 
 
 Tiit. 
 
 Toombs. 
 
 Towns. 
 
 Troup. 
 
 Turner. 
 
 Twiggs. 
 
 Union. 
 
 Upson. 
 
 Walker. 
 
 Walton. 
 
 Ware. 
 
 Warren. 
 
 Washington. 
 
 Wayne. 
 
 Webster. 
 
 White. 
 
 Whitfield. 
 
 Wilcox. 
 
 Wilkes. 
 
 Wilkinson. 
 
 Worth. 
 
 Oahu. 
 
 Oneida. 
 Owyhee. 
 Shoshone. 
 Twin Falls. 
 Washington. 
 
 Massac. 
 
 Menard. 
 
 Mercer. 
 
 Monroe. 
 
 Montgomery. 
 
 Morgan. 
 
 Moultrie. 
 
 Ogle. 
 
 Peoria. 
 
 Piatt 
 
 Pike. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Pulaski. 
 
 Putnam. 
 
 Randolph. 
 
 Richland. 
 
 Rock Island. 
 
 St. Clair. 
 
 Saline. 
 
 Sangamon. 
 
66 
 
 USEFUL INFORMATION. 
 
 ILLINOIS Continued. 
 
 Schuyler. Tazewell. 
 
 Scott. Union. 
 
 Shelby. Vermilion. 
 
 Stark. Wabash. 
 
 Stephenson. . , Warren. 
 
 INDIANA. 
 
 Adams. 
 
 Allen. 
 
 Bartholomew. 
 
 Ben ton. 
 
 Blackford. 
 
 Boone. 
 
 Brown. 
 
 Carroll. 
 
 Cass. 
 
 Clark. 
 
 Clay. 
 
 Clinton. 
 
 Crawford. 
 
 Dearborn. 
 
 Decatur. 
 
 Dekalb. 
 
 Delaware. 
 
 Dubois. 
 
 Elkhart. 
 
 Fayette. 
 
 Floyd. 
 
 Fountain. 
 
 Franklin. 
 
 Fulton. 
 
 Gibson. 
 
 Grant. 
 
 Greene. 
 
 Hamilton. 
 
 Hancock. 
 
 Harrison. 
 
 Hendricks. 
 
 Henry. 
 
 Howard. 
 
 Huntington. 
 
 Jackson. 
 
 Jasper. 
 
 Jay. 
 
 Jefferson. 
 
 Jennings. 
 
 Johnson. 
 
 Knox. 
 
 Kosciusko. 
 
 Lagrange. 
 
 Lake. 
 
 Laporte. 
 
 Washington. 
 
 Wayne. 
 
 White. 
 
 Whiteside. 
 
 Will. 
 
 Lawrence. 
 
 Madison. 
 
 Marion. 
 
 Marshall. 
 
 Martin. 
 
 Miami. 
 
 Monroe. \ 
 
 Montgomery. 
 
 Morgan. 
 
 Newton. 
 
 Noble. 
 
 Ohio. 
 
 Orange. 
 
 Owen. 
 
 Parke. 
 
 Perry. 
 
 Pike! 
 
 Porter. 
 
 Posey. 
 
 Pulaski. 
 
 Putnam. 
 
 Randolph. 
 
 Ripley. 
 
 Williamson. 
 Winnebago. 
 Woodford. 
 
 Rush. 
 
 St. Joseph. 
 
 Scott. 
 
 Shelby. 
 
 Spencer. 
 
 Starke. 
 
 Steuben. 
 
 Sullivan. 
 
 Switzerland. 
 
 Tippecanoe. 
 
 Tipton. 
 
 Union. 
 
 Vanderburg. 
 
 Vermilion. 
 
 Vigo. 
 
 Wabash. 
 
 Warren. 
 
 Warrick. 
 
 Washington. 
 
 Wayne. 
 
 Wells. 
 
 White. 
 
 Whitley. 
 
 IOWA. 
 
 Adair. 
 
 Adams. 
 
 Allamakee. 
 
 Appanoose. 
 
 Audubon. 
 
 Benton. 
 
 Blackhawk. 
 
 Boone. 
 
 Bremer. 
 
 Buchanan. 
 
 Buena Vista. 
 
 Butler. 
 
 Calhoun. 
 
 Carroll. 
 
 Cass. 
 
 Cedar. 
 
 erro Gordo. 
 
 Cherokee. 
 
 Chickasaw. 
 
 Clarke. 
 
 Clay. 
 
 Clayton. 
 
 Clinton. 
 
 Crawford. 
 
 Dallas. 
 
 KANSAS. 
 
 Allen. 
 
 Anderson. 
 
 Atchison. 
 
 Barber. 
 
 Barton. 
 
 Bourbon. 
 
 Brown. 
 
 Butler. 
 
 Chase. 
 
 Chautauqua. 
 
 Cherokee. 
 
 Cheyenne. 
 
 Clark. 
 
 Clay. 
 
 Cloud. 
 
 Coffey. 
 
 Comanche. 
 
 Cowley. 
 
 Crawford. 
 
 Decatur. 
 
 Dickinson. 
 
 Doniphan. 
 
 Douglas. 
 
 Edwards. 
 
 Elk. 
 
 Ellis. 
 
 Ellsworth. 
 
 Davis. 
 
 Decatur. 
 
 Delaware. 
 
 Des Moines. 
 
 Dickinson. 
 
 Dubuque. 
 
 Emmet. 
 
 Fayette. 
 
 Floyd. 
 
 Franklin. 
 
 Fremont. 
 
 Greene. 
 
 Grundy. 
 
 Guthrie. 
 
 Hamilton. 
 
 Hancock. 
 
 Hardin. 
 
 Harrison. 
 
 Henry. 
 
 Howard. 
 
 Humboldt. 
 
 Ida. 
 
 Iowa. 
 
 Jackson. 
 
 Jasper. 
 
 Finney. 
 
 Ford. 
 
 Franklin. 
 
 Geary. 
 
 Gove. 
 
 Graham. 
 
 Grant. 
 
 Gray. 
 
 Greeley. 
 
 Greenwood.. 
 
 Hamilton. 
 
 Harper. 
 
 Harvey. 
 
 Haskell. 
 
 Hodgeman. 
 
 Jackson. 
 
 Jefferson. 
 
 Jewell. 
 
 Johnson. 
 
 Kearny. 
 
 Kingman. 
 
 Kiowa. 
 
 Labette. 
 
 Lane. 
 
 Leaven worth. 
 
 Lincoln. 
 
 Jefferson. 
 
 Johnson. 
 
 Jones. 
 
 Keokuk. 
 
 Kossuth. 
 
 Lee. 
 
 Linn. 
 
 Louisa. 
 
 Lucas. 
 
 Lyon. 
 
 Madison. 
 
 Mahaska. 
 
 Marion. 
 
 Marshall. 
 
 Mills. 
 
 Mitchell. 
 
 Monona, 
 
 Monroe. 
 
 Montgomery. 
 
 Muscatine. 
 
 O'Brien. 
 
 Osceola. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Palo Alto. 
 
 Plymouth. 
 
 Linn. 
 
 Logan. 
 
 Lyon. 
 
 McPherson. 
 
 Marion. 
 
 Marshall. 
 
 Meade. 
 
 Miami. 
 
 Mitchell. 
 
 Montgomery. 
 
 Morris. 
 
 Morton. 
 
 Nemaha. 
 
 Neosho. 
 
 Ness. 
 
 Norton. 
 
 Osborne. 
 
 Ottawa. 
 
 Pawnee. 
 
 Phillips. 
 
 Pottawatomie. 
 
 Pratt. 
 
 Rawlins. 
 
 Reno. 
 
 Republic. 
 
 Pocahontas. 
 
 Polk. 
 
 Pottawattamie. 
 
 Poweshiek. 
 
 Ringgold. 
 
 Sac. 
 
 Scott. 
 
 Shelby. 
 
 Sioux. 
 
 Story. 
 
 Tama. 
 
 Taylor. 
 
 Union. 
 
 Van Buren. 
 
 Wapello. 
 
 Warren. 
 
 Washington. 
 
 Wayne. 
 
 Webster. 
 
 Winnebago. 
 
 Winneshiek. 
 
 Woodbury. 
 
 Worth. 
 
 Wright. 
 
 Rice. 
 
 Riley. 
 
 Rooks. 
 
 Rush. 
 
 Russell. 
 
 Saline. 
 
 Scott. 
 
 Sedgwick. 
 
 Seward. 
 
 Shawnee. 
 
 Sheridan. 
 
 Sherman. 
 
 Smith. 
 
 Stafford. 
 
 Stanton . 
 
 Stevens. 
 
 Suinner. 
 
 Thomas. 
 
 Trego. 
 
 Wabaunsee. 
 
 Wallace. 
 
 Washington. 
 
 Wichita. 
 
 Wilson. 
 
 Woodson. 
 
 Wyandotte. 
 
USEFUL INFORMATION. 
 
 67 
 
 KENTUCKY. 
 
 Adair. 
 
 Allen. 
 
 Anderson. 
 
 Ballard. 
 
 Barren. 
 
 Bath. 
 
 Bell. 
 
 Boone. 
 
 Bourbon. 
 
 Boyd. 
 
 Boyle. 
 
 Bracken. 
 
 Breathitt. 
 
 Breckinridge. 
 
 Bullitt. 
 
 Butler. 
 
 Caldwell. 
 
 Galloway. 
 
 Campbell. 
 
 Carlisle. 
 
 Carroll. 
 
 Carter. 
 
 Casey. 
 
 Christian. 
 
 Clark. 
 
 Clay. 
 
 Clinton. 
 
 Crittenden. 
 
 Cumberland. 
 
 Daviess. 
 
 Edmonson. 
 
 Elliott. 
 
 Estill. 
 
 Fayette. 
 
 Fleming-. 
 
 Floyd. 
 
 Franklin. 
 
 Fulton. 
 
 Gallatin. 
 
 Garrard. 
 
 Grant. 
 
 Graves. 
 
 Grayson. 
 
 Green. 
 
 Green up. 
 
 Hancock. 
 
 Hardin. 
 
 Harlan. 
 
 Harrison. 
 
 Hart. 
 
 Henderson. 
 
 Henry. 
 
 Hickman. 
 
 Hopkins. 
 
 Jackson. 
 
 Jefferson. 
 
 Jessamine. 
 
 Johnson. 
 
 Kenton. 
 
 Knott. 
 
 LOUISIANA (parishes). 
 
 Acadia. East Carroll. 
 
 Ascension. East Feliciana. 
 
 Assumption. Franklin. 
 
 Avoyelles. Grant. 
 
 Bienville. Iberia. 
 
 Bossier. Iberville. 
 
 Caddo. Jackson. 
 
 Calcasieu. Jefferson. 
 
 Caldwell. Lafayette. 
 
 Cameron. Lafourche. 
 
 Catahoula. Lincoln. 
 
 Claiborne. Livingston. 
 
 Concordia. Madison. 
 
 De Soto. Morehouse. 
 
 East Baton Rouge. Natchitoches 
 
 MAINE. 
 
 Androscoggin. 
 Aroostook. 
 Cumberland. 
 Franklin. 
 
 MARYLAND. 
 
 Allegany. 
 Anne Arundel. 
 Baltimore. 
 Baltimore City. 
 Calvert. 
 Caroline. 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 Barnstable. 
 Berkshire. 
 Bristol. 
 Dukes. 
 
 MICHIGAN. 
 
 Alcona. 
 
 Alger. 
 
 Allegan. 
 
 Alpena. 
 
 Antrim. 
 
 Arenac. 
 
 Baraga. 
 
 Barry. 
 
 Bay. 
 
 Benzie. 
 
 Berrien. 
 
 Branch. 
 
 Calhoun. 
 
 b 
 
 Hancock. 
 Kennebec. 
 Knox. 
 Lincoln. 
 
 Carroll. 
 
 Cecil. 
 
 Charles. 
 
 Dorchester. 
 
 Frederick. 
 
 Garrett. 
 
 Essex. 
 Franklin. 
 Hampden. 
 Hampshire. 
 
 Cass. 
 
 Charlevoix. 
 
 Cheboygan. 
 
 Chippewa. 
 
 Clare. 
 
 Clinton. 
 
 Crawford. 
 
 Delta. 
 
 Dickinson. 
 
 Eaton. 
 
 Emmet. 
 
 Genesee. 
 
 Gladwin. 
 
 Knox. 
 
 Ohio. 
 
 Larue. 
 
 Oldham. 
 
 Laurel. 
 
 Owen. 
 
 Lawrence. 
 
 Owsley. 
 
 Lee. 
 
 Pendleton. 
 
 Leslie. 
 Letcher. 
 
 Perry. 
 Pike. 
 
 Lewis. 
 
 Powell. 
 
 Lincoln. 
 
 Pulaski. 
 
 Livingston. 
 
 Robertson. 
 
 Logan. 
 
 Rockcastle. 
 
 Lyon. 
 McCracken. 
 
 Rowan. 
 Russell. 
 
 McLean. 
 
 Scott 
 
 Madison. 
 Magoffin. 
 Marion. 
 Marshall. 
 Martin. 
 
 Shelby. 
 Simpson. 
 Spencer. 
 Taylor. 
 Todd. 
 
 Mason. ) 
 Meade. 
 Menifee. 
 
 Trimble. 
 Union 
 
 Mercer. 
 
 Warren. 
 
 Metcalfe. 
 Monroe. 
 Montgomery. 
 
 Washington. 
 Wayne. 
 Webster. 
 
 Morgan. 
 Muhlenberg. 
 
 Whitley. 
 Wolfe. 
 
 Nelson. 
 Nicholas. 
 
 Woodford. 
 
 Orleans. 
 Ouachita. 
 Plaquemines. 
 Pointe Coupee. 
 Rapides. 
 Red River. 
 Richland. 
 Sabine. 
 
 St. Mary. 
 St. Tammany. 
 Tangipahoa. 
 Tensas. 
 Terrebonne. 
 Union. 
 Vermilion. 
 Vernon. 
 
 St. Bernard. 
 St. Charles. 
 
 Washington. 
 Webster. 
 
 St. Helena. 
 St. James. 
 St. John the Baptist. 
 St. Landry. 
 
 West Baton Rouge. 
 West Carroll. 
 West Feliciana. 
 Winn. 
 
 St. Martin. 
 
 
 
 
 Oxford. 
 Penobscot. 
 
 Somerset. 
 Waldo. 
 
 Piscataquis. 
 Sagadahoc. 
 
 Washington. 
 York. 
 
 Harford. 
 Howard. 
 
 St. Mary. 
 Somerset. 
 
 Kent. 
 
 Talbot. 
 
 Montgomery. 
 Prince George. 
 Queen Anne. 
 
 Washington. 
 Wicomico. 
 Worcester. 
 
 Middlesex. 
 Nantucket. 
 Norfolk. 
 
 Suffolk. 
 Worcester. 
 
 Plymouth. 
 
 
 Gogebic. 
 Grand Traverse. 
 
 Kalkaska. 
 Kent. 
 
 Gratiot. 
 Hillsdale. 
 
 Keweenaw. 
 Lake. 
 
 Hough ton. 
 Huron. 
 Ingham. 
 
 Lapeer. 
 Leelanau. 
 Lenawee. 
 
 Ionia, 
 losco. 
 
 Livingston. 
 Luce. 
 
 Iron. 
 Isabella. 
 
 Mackinac. 
 Macomb. 
 
 Jackson. 
 Kalamazoo. 
 
 Manistee. 
 Marquette. 
 
68 
 
 USEFUL INFORMATION. 
 
 MICHIGAN Continued. 
 
 Mason. 
 
 Mecosta. 
 
 Menominee. 
 
 Midland. 
 
 Missaukee. 
 
 Monroe. 
 
 Montcalm. 
 
 Montmorency. 
 
 MINNESOTA. 
 
 Aitkin. 
 
 Anoka. 
 
 Becker. 
 
 Beltrami. 
 
 Benton. 
 
 Bigstone. 
 
 Blue Earth. 
 
 Brown. 
 
 Carl ton. 
 
 Carver. 
 
 Cass. 
 
 Chippewa. 
 
 Chisago. 
 
 Clay. 
 
 Clearwaler. 
 
 Cook. 
 
 Cottonwood. 
 
 Crow Wing. 
 
 Dakota. 
 
 Dodge. 
 
 Douglas. 
 
 Faribault, 
 
 Muskegon. 
 
 Newaygo. 
 
 Oakland. 
 
 Oceana. 
 
 Ogemaw. 
 
 Ontonagon. 
 
 Osceola. 
 
 Oscoda. 
 
 Fillmore. 
 
 Freeborn. 
 
 Goodhue. 
 
 Grant. 
 
 Hennepin. 
 
 Houston. 
 
 Hubbard. 
 
 Isanti. 
 
 Itasca. 
 
 Jackson. 
 
 Kanabec. 
 
 Kandiyohi. 
 
 Kittson. 
 
 Koochiching. 
 
 Lac qui Parle. 
 
 Lake. 
 
 Lesueur. 
 
 Lincoln. 
 
 Lyon. 
 
 McLeod. 
 
 Mahnomen. 
 
 Marshall. 
 
 Otsego. 
 Ottawa. 
 Presque Isle. 
 Roscommon. 
 Saginaw. 
 St. Clair. 
 St. Joseph. 
 Sanilac. 
 
 Martin. 
 
 Meeker. 
 
 Millelacs. 
 
 Morrison.^ 
 
 Mower. 
 
 Murray. 
 
 Nicollet. 
 
 Nobles. 
 
 Norman. 
 
 Olmsted. 
 
 Ottertail. 
 
 Pine. 
 
 Pipestone. 
 
 Polk. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Ramsey. 
 
 Red Lake. 
 
 Redwood. 
 
 Renville. 
 
 Rice. 
 
 Rock. 
 
 Roseau. 
 
 Schoolcraft. 
 
 Tuscola. 
 Van Buren. 
 Washtenaw. 
 Wayne. 
 Wexford. 
 
 St. Louis. 
 
 Scott. 
 
 Sherburne. 
 
 Sibley. 
 
 Stearns. 
 
 Steele. 
 
 Stevens. 
 
 Swift. 
 
 Todd. 
 
 Traverse. 
 
 Wabasha. 
 
 Wadena. 
 
 Waseca. 
 
 Washington. 
 
 Watonwan. 
 
 Wilkin. 
 
 Winona. 
 
 Wright. 
 
 Yellow Medicine. 
 
 MISSISSIPPI. 
 
 Adams. 
 
 Amite. 
 
 Attala. 
 
 Benton. 
 
 Bolivar. 
 
 Calhoun. 
 
 Carroll. 
 
 Chickasaw. 
 
 Choc taw. 
 
 Claiborne. 
 
 Clarke. 
 
 Clay. 
 
 Coahoma. 
 
 Copiah. 
 
 Covington. 
 
 De So to. 
 
 Forest. 
 
 Franklin. 
 
 Greene. 
 
 Grenada. 
 
 Hancock. 
 
 Harrison. 
 
 Hinds. 
 
 Holmes. 
 
 Issaquena. 
 
 Itawamba. 
 
 Jackson. 
 
 Jasper. 
 
 Jefferson. 
 
 Jefferson Davis. 
 
 Jones. 
 
 Kemper. 
 
 Lafayette. 
 
 Lamar. 
 
 Lauderdale. 
 
 Lawrence. 
 
 Leake. 
 
 Lee. 
 
 Leflore. 
 
 Lincoln. 
 
 Lowndes. 
 
 Madison. 
 
 Marion. 
 
 Marshall. 
 
 Monroe. 
 
 Montgomery. 
 
 Neshoba. 
 
 Newton. 
 
 Noxubee. 
 
 Oktibbeha. 
 
 Panola. 
 
 Pearl River. 
 
 Perry. 
 
 Pike. 
 
 Pontotoc. 
 
 Prentiss. 
 
 Quitman. 
 
 Rankin. 
 
 Scott. 
 
 Sharkey. 
 
 Simpson. 
 
 Smith. 
 
 Sunflower. 
 
 Tallahatchie. 
 
 Tate. 
 
 Tippah. 
 
 Tishomingo. 
 
 Tunica. 
 
 Union. 
 
 Warren. 
 
 Washington. 
 
 Wayne. 
 
 Webster. 
 
 Wilkinson. 
 
 Winston. 
 
 Yalobusha. 
 
 Yazoo. 
 
 MISSOURI. 
 
 Adair. 
 
 Andrew. 
 
 Atchison. 
 
 Audrain. 
 
 Barry. 
 
 Barton. 
 
 Benton. 
 
 Bollinger. 
 
 Boone. 
 
 Buchanan. 
 
 Butler. 
 
 Caldwell. 
 
 Callaway. 
 
 Camden. 
 
 Cape Girardeau. 
 
 Carroll. 
 
 Carter. 
 
 Cass. 
 
 Cedar. 
 
 Chariton. 
 
 Christian. 
 
 Clark. 
 
 Clay. 
 
 Clinton. 
 
 Cole. 
 
 Cooper. 
 
 Crawford. 
 
 Dade. 
 
 Dallas. 
 
 Daviess. 
 
 Dekalb. 
 
 Dent. 
 
 Douglas. 
 
 Dunklin. 
 
 Franklin. 
 
 Gasconade. 
 
 Gentry. 
 
 Greene. 
 
 Grundy. 
 
 Harrison. 
 
 Henry. 
 
 Hickory. 
 
 Holt. 
 
 Howard. 
 
 Howell. 
 
 Iron. 
 
 Jackson. 
 
 Jasper. 
 
 Jefferson. 
 
 Johnson. 
 
 Knox. 
 
 Laclede. 
 
 Lafayette. 
 
 Lawrence. 
 
 Lewis. 
 
 Lincoln. 
 
 Linn. 
 
 Livingston. 
 
 McDonald. 
 
 Macon. 
 
 Madison. 
 
 Maries. 
 
 Marion. 
 
 Mercer. 
 
 Miller. 
 
 Mississippi. 
 
 Moniteau. 
 
 Monroe. 
 
 Montgomery. 
 
 Morgan. 
 
 New Madrid. 
 
 Newton. 
 
 Nodaway. 
 
 Oregon. 
 
 Osage. 
 
 Ozark. 
 
 Pemiscot. 
 
 Perry. 
 
 Pettis. 
 
 Phelps. 
 
 Pike. 
 
 Platte. 
 
 Polk. 
 
 Pulaski. 
 
 Putnam. 
 
 Rails. 
 
 Randolph. 
 
 Ray. 
 
 Reynolds. 
 
 Ripley. 
 
 St. Charles. 
 
 St. Clair. 
 
 Ste. Genevieve. 
 
 St. Francois. 
 
 St. Louis. 
 
 St. Louis City. 
 
 Saline. 
 
 Schuyler. 
 
 Scotland. 
 
 Scott. 
 
 Shannon. 
 
 Shelby. 
 
 Stoddard. 
 
 Stone. 
 
 Sullivan. 
 
 Taney. 
 
 Texas. 
 
 Vernon. 
 
 Warren. 
 
 Washington. 
 
 Wayne. 
 
 Webster. 
 
 Worth. 
 
 Wright. 
 
USEFUL INFORMATION. 
 
 69 
 
 MONTANA. 
 
 
 Beaverhead. 
 
 Deerlodge. 
 
 Broadwater. 
 Carbon. 
 
 Fergus. 
 Flathead. 
 
 Cascade. 
 
 Gallatin. 
 
 Chouteau. 
 
 Granite. 
 
 Custer. 
 
 Jefferson. 
 
 Dawson. 
 
 Lewis and Clark. 
 
 NEBRASKA. 
 
 
 Adams. 
 
 Deuel. 
 
 Antelope. 
 
 Dixon. 
 
 Banner. 
 
 Dodge. 
 
 Elaine. 
 
 Douglas. 
 
 Boone. 
 
 Dundy. 
 
 Boxbutte. 
 
 Fillmore. 
 
 Boyd. 
 
 Franklin. 
 
 Brown. 
 
 Frontier. 
 
 Buffalo. 
 
 Furcas. 
 
 Burt. 
 
 Gage. 
 
 Butler. 
 
 Garfield. 
 
 Cass. 
 
 Gosper. 
 
 Cedar. 
 
 Grant. 
 
 Chase. 
 
 Greeley. 
 
 Cherry. 
 
 Hall. 
 
 Cheyenne. ' 
 Clav. 
 
 Hamilton. 
 Harlan. 
 
 Colfax. 
 
 Hayes. 
 
 Cuming. 
 
 Hitchcock. 
 
 Custer. 
 
 Holt. 
 
 Dakota. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 Dawes. 
 
 Howard. 
 
 Dawson. 
 
 Jefferson. 
 
 NEVADA. 
 
 
 Churchill. 
 
 Eureka. 
 
 Douglas. 
 
 Humboldt. 
 
 Elko. 
 
 Lander. 
 
 Esmeralda. 
 
 Lincoln. 
 
 NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
 
 
 Belknap. 
 
 Coos. 
 
 Carroll. 
 
 Grafton. 
 
 Cheshire. 
 
 Hillsboro. 
 
 NEW JERSEY. 
 
 
 Atlantic. 
 
 Essex. T, 
 
 Bergen. 
 
 Gloucester. 
 
 Burlington. 
 Camden. 
 
 Hudson. 
 Hunterdon. 
 
 Cape May. 
 Cumberland. 
 
 Mercer. 
 Middlesex. 
 
 NEW MEXICO. 
 
 
 Bernalillo. 
 
 Lincoln. 
 
 Chaves. 
 
 Luna. 
 
 Colfax. 
 
 McKInley. 
 
 Dona Ana. 
 
 Mora. 
 
 Eddy. 
 
 Otero. 
 
 Grant. 
 Guadalupe. 
 
 uay. 
 io Arriba. 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 
 Albany. 
 
 Fulton. 
 
 Allegany. 
 
 Genesee. 
 
 Broome. 
 
 Greene. 
 
 Cattaraugus. 
 Cayuga. 
 
 Hamilton. 
 Herkimer. 
 
 Chautauqua. 
 
 Jefferson. 
 
 Chemung. 
 
 Kings. 
 
 Chenango. 
 Clinton. 
 Columbia. 
 
 Lewis. 
 Livingston. 
 Madison. 
 
 Cortland. 
 
 Monroe. 
 
 Delaware. 
 
 Montgomery. 
 
 Dutchess. 
 
 Nassau. 
 
 Erie. 
 
 New York. 
 
 Essex. 
 
 Niagara. 
 
 Franklin. 
 
 Oneida. 
 
 Madison. 
 
 Meagher. 
 
 Missoula. 
 
 Park. 
 
 Powell. 
 
 Ravalli. 
 
 Rosebud. 
 
 Johnson. 
 
 Kearney. 
 
 Keith. 
 
 Keyapaha. 
 
 Kimball. 
 
 Knox, 
 
 Lancaster. 
 
 Lincoln. 
 
 Logan. 
 
 Loup. 
 
 McPherson. 
 
 Madison. 
 
 Merrick. 
 
 Nance. 
 
 Nemaha. 
 
 Nuckolls. 
 
 Otoe. 
 
 Pawnee. 
 
 Perkins. 
 
 Phelps. 
 
 Pierce. 
 
 Platte. 
 
 Polk. 
 
 Lyon. 
 Nye. 
 Ormsby. 
 Store v." 
 
 Merrimack. 
 
 Rockingham. 
 
 Strafford. 
 
 Monmouth. 
 
 Morris. 
 
 Ocean. 
 
 Passaic. 
 
 Salem. 
 
 Somerset. 
 
 Roosevelt. 
 Sandoval. 
 San Juan. 
 San Miguel. 
 Santa Fe. 
 Sierra. 
 Socorro. 
 
 Onondaga. 
 
 Ontario. 
 
 Orange. 
 
 Orleans. 
 
 Oswego. 
 
 Otsego. 
 
 Putnam. 
 
 Queens. 
 
 Rensselaer. 
 
 Richm6nd. 
 
 Rockland. 
 
 St. Lawrence. 
 
 Saratoga. 
 
 Schenectady. 
 
 Schoharie. 
 
 Schuyler. 
 
 Sanders. 
 
 Silverbow. 
 
 Sweet Grass. 
 
 Tetou. 
 
 Valley. 
 
 Yellowstone. 
 
 Redwillow. 
 
 Richardson. 
 
 Rock. 
 
 Saline. 
 
 Sarpy. 
 
 Saunders. 
 
 Scotts Bluff. 
 
 Seward. 
 
 Sheridan. 
 
 Sherman. 
 
 Sioux. 
 
 Stan ton. 
 
 Thayer. 
 
 Thomas. 
 
 Thurston. 
 
 Valley. 
 
 Washington. 
 
 Wayne. 
 
 Webster. 
 
 Wheeler. 
 
 York. 
 
 Washoe. 
 White Pine. 
 
 Sullivan. 
 
 Sussex. 
 Union. 
 Warren. 
 
 Taos. 
 Torrance. 
 Union. 
 Valencia. 
 
 Seneca. 
 
 Steuben. 
 
 Suffolk. 
 
 Sullivan. 
 
 Tioga. 
 
 Tompkins. 
 
 Ulster. 
 
 Warren. 
 
 Washington. 
 
 Wayne. 
 
 Westchester. 
 
 Wyoming. 
 
 Yates. 
 
70 
 
 USEFUL INFOBMATION. 
 
 NORTH CAEOLINA. 
 
 Alamance. 
 
 Alexander. 
 
 Alleghany. 
 
 Anson. 
 
 Ashe. 
 
 Beaufort. 
 
 Bertie. 
 
 Bladen. 
 
 Brunswick. 
 
 Buncombe. 
 
 Burke. 
 
 Cabarrus. 
 
 Caldwell. 
 
 Camden. 
 
 Carteret. 
 
 Caswell. 
 
 Catawba. 
 
 Chatham. 
 
 Cherokee. 
 
 Chowan. 
 
 Clay. 
 
 Cleveland. 
 
 Columbus. 
 
 Craven. 
 
 Cumberland. 
 
 NORTH DAKOTA. 
 
 Adams. 
 
 Barnes. 
 
 Benson. 
 
 Billings. 
 
 Bottineau. 
 
 Bowman. 
 
 Burleigh. 
 
 Cavalier. 
 
 Dickey. 
 
 Dunn. 
 
 Currituck. 
 
 Dare. 
 
 Davidson. 
 
 Davie. 
 
 Duplin. 
 
 Durham. 
 
 Edgecombe. 
 
 Forsyth. 
 
 Franklin. 
 
 Gaston. 
 
 Gates. 
 
 Graham. 
 
 Granville. 
 
 Greene. 
 
 Guilford. 
 
 Halifax. 
 
 Harnett. 
 
 Haywood. 
 
 Henderson. 
 
 Hertford. 
 
 Hyde. 
 
 Iredell. 
 
 Jackson. 
 
 Johnston. 
 
 Jones. 
 
 Eddy. 
 
 Emmons. 
 
 Foster. 
 
 Grand Forks. 
 
 Griggs. 
 
 Hettinger. 
 
 Kidder. 
 
 Lamoure. 
 
 Logan. 
 
 McHenry. 
 
 Mclntosh. 
 
 Lenoir. 
 
 Lincoln. 
 
 McDowell. 
 
 Macon. 
 
 Madison. 
 
 Martin. 
 
 Mecklenburg. 
 
 Mitchell. 
 
 Montgomery. 
 
 Moore. 
 
 Nash. 
 
 New Hanover 
 
 Northampton. 
 
 Onslow. 
 
 Orange. A 
 
 Pamlico. 
 
 Pasquotank. 
 
 Fender. 
 
 Perquimans. 
 
 Person. 
 
 Pitt. 
 
 Polk. 
 
 Randolph. 
 
 Richmond. 
 
 Robeson. 
 
 McKenzie. 
 
 McLean. 
 
 Mercer. 
 
 Morton. 
 
 Nelson. 
 
 Oliver. 
 
 Pembina. 
 
 Pierce. 
 
 Ramsey. 
 
 Ransom. 
 
 Richland. 
 
 Rockingham. 
 
 Rowan. 
 
 Rutherford. 
 
 Sampson. 
 
 Scotland. 
 
 Stanly. 
 
 Stokes. 
 
 Surry. 
 
 Swain. 
 
 Transylvania. 
 
 Tyrrell. 
 
 Union. 
 
 Vance. 
 
 Wake. 
 
 Warren. 
 
 Washington. 
 
 Watauga. 
 
 Wayne. 
 
 Wilkes. 
 
 Wilson. 
 
 Yadkin. 
 
 Yancey. 
 
 Rolette. 
 
 Sargent. 
 
 Stark. 
 
 Steele. 
 
 Stutsman. 
 
 Towner. 
 
 Trail!. 
 
 Walsh. 
 
 Ward. 
 
 Wells. 
 
 Williams. 
 
 OHIO. 
 
 Adams. 
 
 Allen. 
 
 Ashland. 
 
 Ashtabula. 
 
 Athens. 
 
 Auglaize. 
 
 Belmont. 
 
 Brown. 
 
 Butler. 
 
 Carroll. 
 
 Champaign. 
 
 Clark. 
 
 Clermont. 
 
 Clinton. 
 
 Columbiana. 
 
 Cosh oc ton. 
 
 Crawford. 
 
 Cuyahoga. 
 
 Darke. 
 
 Defiance. 
 
 Delaware. 
 
 Erie. 
 
 OKLAHOMA. 
 
 Adair. 
 
 Alfalfa. 
 
 Atoka. 
 
 Beaver. 
 
 Beckham. 
 
 Elaine. 
 
 Bryan. 
 
 Caddo. 
 
 Canadian. 
 
 Carter. 
 
 Cherokee. 
 
 Choctaw. 
 
 Cimarron. 
 
 Cleveland. 
 
 Coal. 
 
 Comanche. 
 
 Craig. 
 
 Creek. 
 
 Custer. 
 
 Fairfield. 
 
 Fayette. 
 
 Franklin. 
 
 Fulton. 
 
 Gallia. 
 
 Geauga. 
 
 Greene. 
 
 Guernsey. 
 
 Hamilton. 
 
 Hancock. 
 
 Hardin. 
 
 Harrison. 
 
 Henry. 
 
 Highland. 
 
 Hocking. 
 
 Holmes. 
 
 Huron. 
 
 Jackson. 
 
 Jefferson. 
 
 Knox. 
 
 Lake. 
 
 Lawrence. 
 
 Delaware. 
 
 Dewey. 
 
 Ellis. 
 
 Garfield. 
 
 Garvin. 
 
 Grady. 
 
 Grant. 
 
 Greer. 
 
 Harper. 
 
 Haskell. 
 
 Hughes. 
 
 Jackson, 
 
 Jefferson. 
 
 Johnston. 
 
 Kay. 
 
 Kingfisher. 
 
 Kiowa. 
 
 Latimer. 
 
 Le Flore. 
 
 Licking. 
 
 Logan. 
 
 Lorain. 
 
 Lucas. 
 
 Madison. 
 
 Mahonrng. 
 
 Marion. 
 
 Medina. 
 
 Meigs. 
 
 Mercer. 
 
 Miami. 
 
 Monroe. 
 
 Montgomery. 
 
 Morgan. 
 
 Morrow. 
 
 Muskingum. 
 
 Noble. 
 
 Ottawa. 
 
 Paulding. 
 
 Perry. 
 
 Pickaway. 
 
 Pike. 
 
 Lincoln. 
 
 Logan. 
 
 Love. 
 
 McClain. 
 
 McCurtain. 
 
 Mclntosh. 
 
 Major. 
 
 Marshall. 
 
 Mayes. 
 
 Murray. 
 
 Muskogee. 
 
 Noble. 
 
 Nowata. 
 
 Okfuskee. 
 
 Oklahoma. 
 
 Okmulgee. 
 
 Osage. 
 
 Ottawa. 
 
 Pawnee. 
 
 Portage. 
 
 Preble. 
 
 Putnam. 
 
 Richland. 
 
 Ross. 
 
 Sandusky. 
 
 Scioto. 
 
 Seneca. 
 
 Shelby. 
 
 Stark. 
 
 Summit. 
 
 Trumbull. 
 
 Tuscarawas. 
 
 Union. 
 
 Van Wert. 
 
 Vinton. 
 
 Warren. 
 
 Washington. 
 
 Wayne. 
 
 Williams. 
 
 Wood. 
 
 Wyandot. 
 
 Payne. 
 
 Pittsburg. 
 
 Pontotoc. 
 
 Pottawatomie. 
 
 Pushmataha. 
 
 Roger Mills. 
 
 Rogers. 
 
 Seminole. 
 
 Sequoyah. 
 
 Stephens. 
 
 Texas. 
 
 Tillman. 
 
 Tulsa. 
 
 Wagoner. 
 
 Washington. 
 
 Washita. 
 
 Woods. 
 
 Woodward. 
 
USEFUL INFOEMATION. 
 
 71 
 
 OREGON. 
 
 
 Baker. 
 
 Gilliam. 
 
 Benton. 
 
 Grant. 
 
 Clackamas. 
 
 Harney. 
 
 Clatsop. 
 Columbia. 
 
 Hood River. 
 Jackson; 
 
 Coos. 
 Crook. 
 
 Josephine. 
 Klamath. 
 
 Curry. 
 
 Lake. 
 
 Douglas. 
 
 Lane. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 
 Adams. . 
 
 Clinton. 
 
 Allegheny. 
 
 Columbia. 
 
 Armstrong. 
 
 Crawford. 
 
 Beaver. 
 
 Cumberland. 
 
 Bedford. 
 Berks. 
 
 Dauphin. 
 Delaware. 
 
 Blair. 
 
 Elk. 
 
 Bradford. 
 
 Erie. 
 
 Bucks. 
 Butler. 
 
 Fayette. 
 Forest. 
 
 Cambria. 
 
 Franklin. 
 
 Cameron. 
 
 Fulton. 
 
 Carbon. 
 
 Greene. 
 
 Center. 
 Chester. 
 
 Huntingdon. 
 Indiana. 
 
 Clarion. 
 
 Jefferson. 
 
 Clearfield. 
 
 Juniata. 
 
 PORTO RICO. 
 
 
 Aguadilla. 
 
 Guayama. 
 
 Arecibo. 
 
 Humacao. 
 
 RHODE ISLAND. 
 
 
 Bristol. 
 
 Newport. 
 
 Kent. 
 
 
 SAMOA. 
 
 
 Manua Island. 
 
 Tutuila Island. 
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 
 v Abbeville. 
 
 Chesterfield. 
 
 Aiken. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 Anderson. 
 
 Colleton. 
 
 Bamberg. 
 Barnwell. 
 
 Darlington. 
 Dorchester. 
 
 Beaufort. 
 
 Edgefield. 
 
 Berkeley. 
 
 Fairfield. 
 
 Calhoun. 
 
 Florence. 
 
 Charleston. 
 Cherokee. 
 
 Georgetown. 
 Greenville. 
 
 Chester. 
 
 Greenwood. 
 
 SOUTH DAKOTA. 
 
 
 Armstrong. 
 
 Davison. 
 
 Aurora. 
 
 Day. 
 
 Beadle. 
 
 Deuel. 
 
 Bonhomme. 
 
 Dewey. 
 
 Boreman. 
 
 Douglas. 
 
 Brookings. 
 
 Edmunds. 
 
 Brown. 
 
 Fall River. 
 
 Brule. 
 
 Faulk. 
 
 Buffalo. 
 
 Grant. 
 
 Butte. 
 
 Gregory. 
 
 Campbell. 
 
 Hamlin. 
 
 Charles Mix. 
 
 Hand. 
 
 Clark. 
 
 Hanson. 
 
 Clay. 
 
 Hughes. 
 
 Codington. 
 
 Hutchinson. 
 
 Custer. 
 
 Hyde. 
 
 TENNESSEE. 
 
 
 Anderson. 
 
 Clay. 
 
 Bedford. 
 
 Cocke. 
 
 Benton. 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 Bledsoe. 
 
 Crockett. 
 
 Blount. 
 
 Cumberland. 
 
 Bradley. 
 
 Davidson. 
 
 Campbell. 
 
 Decatur. 
 
 Cannon. 
 
 Dekalb. 
 
 Carroll. 
 
 Dickson. 
 
 Carter. 
 
 Dyer. 
 
 Cheatham. 
 Chester. 
 
 Fayette. 
 Fentress. 
 
 Claiborne. 
 
 Franklin. 
 
 Lincoln. 
 
 Linn. 
 
 Malheur. 
 
 Marion. 
 
 Morrow. 
 
 Multnomah. 
 
 Polk. 
 
 Sherman. 
 
 Tillamook. 
 
 Umatilla. 
 
 Union. 
 
 Wallowa. 
 
 Wasco. 
 
 Washington. 
 
 Wheeler. 
 
 Yamhill. 
 
 Lackawanna. 
 
 Pike. 
 
 Lancaster. 
 
 Potter. 
 
 Lawrence. 
 
 Schuylkill. 
 
 Lebanon. 
 
 Snyder. 
 
 Lehigh. 
 
 Somerset. 
 
 Luzerne. 
 
 Sullivan. 
 
 Lycoming. 
 McKean. 
 
 Susquehanna. 
 Tioga. 
 
 Mercer. 
 
 Union. 
 
 Miffiin. 
 
 Venango. 
 
 Monroe. 
 
 Warren. 
 
 Montgomery. 
 
 Washington. 
 
 Montour. 
 
 Wayne. 
 
 Northampton. 
 Northumberland. 
 Perrv. 
 
 Westmoreland. 
 Wyoming. 
 York. 
 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 
 Mayaguez. 
 
 San Juan. 
 
 Ponce. 
 
 
 Providence. 
 
 Hampton. 
 
 Horry. 
 
 Kershaw. 
 
 Lancaster. 
 
 Laurens. 
 
 Lee. 
 
 Lexington. 
 
 Marion. 
 
 Marlboro. 
 
 Newberry. 
 
 Oconee. 
 
 Jerauld. 
 
 Kingsbury. 
 
 Lake. 
 
 Lawrence. 
 
 Lincoln. 
 
 Lugenbeel. 
 
 Lyman. 
 
 McCook. 
 
 McPherson. 
 
 Marshall. 
 
 Meade. 
 
 Meyer. 
 
 Miner. 
 
 Minnehaha. 
 
 Moody. 
 
 Penuington. 
 
 Gibson. 
 
 Giles. 
 
 Grainger. 
 
 Greene. 
 
 Grundy. 
 
 Hamblen. 
 
 Hamilton. 
 
 Hancock. 
 
 Hardeman. 
 
 Hardin. 
 
 Hawkins. 
 
 Haywood. 
 
 Henderson. 
 
 Washington. 
 
 Orangeburg. 
 
 Pickens. 
 
 Richland. 
 
 Saluda. 
 
 Spartanburg. 
 
 Sumter. 
 
 Union. 
 
 Williamsburg. 
 
 York. 
 
 Potter. 
 
 Roberts. 
 
 Sanborn. 
 
 Schnasse. 
 
 Shannon. 
 
 Spink. 
 
 Stanley. 
 
 Sully. 
 
 Tripp. 
 
 Turner. 
 
 Union. 
 
 Walworth. 
 
 Washabaugh. 
 
 Yankton. 
 
 Henry. 
 
 Hickman. 
 
 Houston. 
 
 Humphreys. 
 
 Jackson. 
 
 James. 
 
 Jefferson. 
 
 Johnson. 
 
 Knox. 
 
 Lake. 
 
 Lauderdale. 
 
 Lawrence. 
 
 Lewis. 
 
72 
 
 USEFUL INFOEMATION. 
 
 TENNESSEE Continued. 
 
 Lincoln. 
 
 Mon-tgomery. 
 
 London. 
 
 Moore. 
 
 McMinn. 
 
 Morgan. 
 
 McNairy. 
 
 Obion. 
 
 Macon. 
 
 Overton. 
 
 Madison. 
 
 Perry. 
 
 Marion. 
 
 Pickett. 
 
 Marshall. 
 
 Polk. 
 
 Maurv. 
 
 Putnam. 
 
 Meigs. 
 
 Rhea. 
 
 Monroe. 
 
 Roane. 
 
 TEXAS. 
 
 
 Anderson. 
 
 Donley. 
 
 Andrews. 
 
 Duval. 
 
 Angelina. 
 
 Eastland. 
 
 Aransas. 
 
 Ector. 
 
 Archer. 
 
 Edwards. 
 
 Armstrong. 
 
 Ellis. 
 
 Atascosa. 
 
 El Paso. 
 
 Austin. 
 
 Erath. 
 
 Bailey. 
 
 Falls. 
 
 Bandera. 
 
 Fannin. 
 
 Bastrop. 
 
 Fayette. 
 
 Baylor. 
 
 Fisher. 
 
 Bee. 
 
 Floyd. 
 
 Bell. 
 
 Foard. 
 
 Bexar. 
 
 Fort Bend. 
 
 Blanco. 
 
 Franklin. 
 
 Borden. 
 
 Freestone. 
 
 Bosque. 
 
 Frio. 
 
 Bowie. 
 
 Gaines. 
 
 Brazoria. 
 
 Galveston. 
 
 Brazos. 
 
 Garza. 
 
 Brewster. 
 
 Gillespie. 
 
 Briscoe. 
 
 Glasscock. 
 
 Brown. 
 
 Goliad. 
 
 Burleson. 
 
 Gonzales. 
 
 Burnet. 
 
 Gray. 
 
 Caldwell. 
 
 Grayson. 
 
 Calhoun. 
 
 Gregg. 
 
 Callahan. 
 
 Grimes. 
 
 Cameron. 
 Camp. 
 
 Guadalupe. 
 Hale. 
 
 Carson. 
 
 Hall. 
 
 Cass. 
 
 Hamilton. 
 
 Castro. 
 
 Hansford. 
 
 Chambers. 
 
 Hardeman. 
 
 Cherokee. 
 
 Hardin. 
 
 Childress. 
 
 Harris. 
 
 Clay. 
 
 Harrison. 
 
 Cochran. 
 
 Hartley. 
 
 Coke. 
 
 Haskell. 
 
 Coleman. 
 
 Hays. 
 
 Collin. 
 
 Hemphill. 
 
 Collingsworth. 
 
 Henderson. 
 
 Colorado. 
 
 Hidalgo. 
 
 Comal. 
 
 Hill. 
 
 Comanche. 
 
 Hockley. 
 
 Concho. 
 
 Hood. 
 
 Cooke. 
 
 Hopkins. 
 
 Coryell. 
 
 Houston. 
 
 Cottle. 
 
 Howard. 
 
 Crane. 
 
 Hunt. 
 
 Crockett. 
 
 Hutchinson. 
 
 Crosby. 
 
 Irion. 
 
 Dallam. 
 
 Jack. 
 
 Dallas. 
 
 Jackson. 
 
 Dawson. 
 
 Jasper. 
 
 Deaf Smith. 
 
 Jeff Davis. 
 
 Delta. 
 
 Jefferson. 
 
 Denton. 
 
 Johnson. 
 
 Dewitt. 
 
 Jones. 
 
 Dickens. 
 
 Karnes. 
 
 Dimmit. 
 
 Kaufman. 
 
 UTAH. 
 
 
 Beaver. 
 
 Grand. 
 
 Boxelder. 
 
 Iron. 
 
 Cache. 
 
 Juab. 
 
 Carbon. 
 
 Kane. 
 
 Davis. 
 
 Millard. 
 
 Emery. 
 
 Morgan. 
 
 Garfield. 
 
 Piute. 
 
 Robertson. 
 
 Rutherford. 
 
 Scott. 
 
 Sequatchie. 
 
 Sevier. ' 
 
 Shelby. 
 
 Smith. 
 
 Stewart. 
 
 Sullivan. 
 
 Sumner. 
 
 Tip ton. 
 
 Kendall. v> 
 
 Kent. 
 
 Kerr. 
 
 Kimble. 
 
 King. 
 
 Kinnev. 
 
 Knox.' 
 
 Lamar. 
 
 Lamb. 
 
 Lampasas. 
 
 Lasalle. 
 
 Lavaca. 
 
 Lee. 
 
 Leon. 
 
 Liberty. 
 
 Limestone. 
 
 Lipscomb. 
 
 Live Oak. 
 
 Llano. 
 
 Loving. 
 
 Lubbock. 
 
 Lynn. 
 
 McCulloch. 
 
 McLennan. 
 
 McMullen. 
 
 Madison. 
 
 Marion. 
 
 Martin. 
 
 Mason. 
 
 Matagorda. 
 
 Maverick. 
 
 Medina. 
 
 Menard. 
 
 Midland. 
 
 Milam. 
 
 Mills. 
 
 Mitchell. 
 
 Montague. 
 
 Montgomery. 
 
 Moore. 
 
 Morris. 
 
 Motley. 
 
 Nacogdoches. 
 
 Nayarro. 
 
 Newton. 
 
 Nolan. 
 
 Nueces. 
 
 Ochiltree. 
 
 Oldham, 
 
 Orange. 
 
 Palo Pinto. 
 
 Panola. 
 
 Parker. 
 
 Farmer. 
 
 Pecos. 
 
 Polk. 
 
 Potter. 
 
 Presidio. 
 
 Rains. 
 
 Randall. 
 
 Reagan. 
 
 Red River. 
 
 Rich. 
 
 Salt Lake. 
 
 San Juan. 
 
 Sanpete. 
 
 Sevier. 
 
 Summit. 
 
 Tooele. 
 
 Trousdale. 
 
 Unicoi. 
 
 Union. 
 
 Van Buren. 
 
 Warren. 
 
 Washington. 
 
 Wayne. 
 
 Weaklev. 
 
 White. ' 
 
 Williamson. 
 
 Wilson. 
 
 Reeves. 
 
 Refugio. 
 
 Roberts. 
 
 Robertson. 
 
 Rockwall. 
 
 Runnels. 
 
 Rusk. 
 
 Sabine. 
 
 San Augustine. 
 
 San Jacinto. 
 
 San Patricio. 
 
 San Saba. 
 
 Schleicher. 
 
 Scurry. 
 
 Shackelford. 
 
 Shelby. 
 
 Sherman. 
 
 Smith. 
 
 Somervell. 
 
 Starr. 
 
 Stephens. 
 
 Sterling. 
 
 Stonewall. 
 
 Sutton. 
 
 Swisher. 
 
 Tarrant. 
 
 Taylor. 
 
 Terrell. 
 
 Terry. 
 
 Throckmorton. 
 
 Titus. 
 
 Tom Green. 
 
 Travis. 
 
 Trinity. 
 
 Tyler. 
 
 Upshur. 
 
 Upton. 
 
 Uvalde. 
 
 Valverde. 
 
 Van Zandt. 
 
 Victoria. 
 
 Walker. 
 
 Waller. 
 
 Ward. 
 
 Washington. 
 
 Webb. 
 
 Wharton. 
 
 Wheeler. 
 
 Wichita. 
 
 Wilbarger. 
 
 Williamson. 
 
 Wilson. 
 
 Winkler. 
 
 Wise. 
 
 Wood. 
 
 Yoakum. 
 
 Young. 
 
 Zapata. 
 
 Zavalla. 
 
 Uinta. 
 
 Utah. 
 
 Wasatch. 
 
 Washington. 
 
 Wayne. 
 
 Weber. 
 
USEFUL INFOKMATION. 
 
 73 
 
 VERMONT. 
 
 
 Addison. 
 
 Essex. 
 
 Bennington. 
 
 Franklin. 
 
 Caledonia. 
 
 Grand Isle. 
 
 Chittenden. 
 
 Lamoille. 
 
 VIRGINIA. 
 
 
 Accomac. 
 
 Dickenson. 
 
 Albemarle. 
 
 Dinwiddie. 
 
 Alexandria. 
 
 Elizabeth City. 
 
 Alleghany. 
 
 Essex. 
 
 Amelia. 
 
 Fairfax. 
 
 Amherst. 
 
 Fauquier. 
 
 Appomattox. 
 
 Augusta. 
 
 Floyd. 
 Fluvanna. 
 
 Bath. 
 
 Franklin. 
 
 Bedford. 
 
 Frederick. 
 
 Bland. 
 
 Giles. 
 
 Botetourt. 
 
 Gloucester. 
 
 Brunswick. 
 
 Goochland. 
 
 Buchanan. 
 
 Grayson. 
 
 Buckingham. 
 Campbell. 
 
 Greene. 
 Greenesville. 
 
 Caroline. 
 
 Halifax. 
 
 Carroll. 
 
 Hanover. 
 
 Charles City. 
 
 Henrico. 
 
 Charlotte. 
 
 Henry. 
 
 Chesterfield. 
 
 Highland. 
 
 Clarke. 
 
 Isle of Wight. 
 
 Craig. 
 
 James City. 
 
 Culpeper. 
 Cumberland. 
 
 King and Queen. 
 King George. 
 
 WASHINGTON. 
 
 
 Adams. 
 
 Ferry. 
 
 Asotin. 
 
 Franklin. 
 
 Benton. 
 
 Garfield. 
 
 Chehalis. 
 
 Island. 
 
 Chelan. 
 
 Jefferson. 
 
 Clallam. 
 
 King. 
 
 Clarke. 
 
 Kitsap. 
 
 Columbia. 
 
 Kittitas. 
 
 Cowlitz. 
 
 Klickitat. 
 
 Douglas. 
 
 Lewis. 
 
 WEST VIRGINIA. 
 
 
 Barbour. 
 
 Hancock. 
 
 Berkeley. 
 Boone. 
 
 Hardy. } 
 Harrison. 
 
 Braxton. 
 
 Jackson. 
 
 Brooke. 
 
 Jefferson. 
 
 Cabell. 
 
 Kanawha. 
 
 Calhoun. 
 
 Lewis. 
 
 Clay. 
 
 Lincoln. 
 
 Doddridge. 
 Fayette. 
 
 Logan. 
 McDowell. 
 
 Gilmer. 
 
 Marion. 
 
 Grant. 
 
 Marshall. 
 
 Greenbrier. 
 
 Mason. 
 
 Hampshire. 
 
 Mercer. 
 
 WISCONSIN. 
 
 
 Adams. 
 
 Florence. 
 
 Ashland. 
 
 Fond du Lac. 
 
 Barron. 
 
 Forest. 
 
 Bayfleld. 
 
 Grant. 
 
 Brown. 
 
 Green. 
 
 Buffalo. 
 
 Green Lake. 
 
 Burnett. 
 
 Iowa. 
 
 Calumet. 
 
 Iron. 
 
 Chippewa. 
 
 Jackson. 
 
 Clark. 
 
 Jefferson. 
 
 Columbia. 
 
 Juneau. 
 
 Crawford . 
 
 Kenosha. 
 
 Dane. 
 
 Kewaunee. 
 
 Dodge. 
 
 La Crosse. 
 
 Door. 
 
 Lafayette. 
 
 Douglas. 
 
 Langlade. 
 
 Dunn. 
 
 Lincoln. 
 
 Eau Claire. 
 
 Manitowoc. 
 
 WYOMING. 
 
 
 Albany. 
 
 Crook. 
 
 Bighorn. 
 
 Fremont. 
 
 Carbon. 
 
 Johnson. 
 
 Converse, 
 
 Laramie. 
 
 Orange. 
 
 Windham. 
 
 Orleans. 
 
 Windsor. 
 
 Rutland. 
 
 
 Washington. 
 
 
 King William. 
 Lancaster. 
 
 Princess Anne. 
 Prince William. 
 
 Lee. 
 
 Pulaski. 
 
 Loudoun. 
 Louisa. 
 
 Rappahannock. 
 Richmond. 
 
 Lunenburg. 
 Madison. 
 
 Roanoke. 
 Rockbridge. 
 
 Mathews. 
 
 Rockingham. 
 
 Mecklenburg. 
 Middlesex. 
 
 Russell. 
 Scott. 
 
 Montgomery. 
 Nansemond. 
 
 Shenandoah. 
 Smyth. 
 
 Nelson. 5 
 New Kent. 
 
 Southampton. 
 Spottsylvania. 
 
 Norfolk. 
 
 Stafford. 
 
 Northampton. 
 
 Surry. 
 
 Northumberland. 
 
 Sussex. 
 
 Nottoway. 
 
 Tazewell. 
 
 Orange. 
 
 Warren. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Warwick. 
 
 Patrick. 
 Pittsylvania. 
 
 Washington. 
 Westmoreland. 
 
 Powhatan. 
 
 Wise. 
 
 Prince Edward. 
 
 Wythe. 
 
 Prince George. 
 
 York. 
 
 Lincoln. 
 
 Stevens. 
 
 Mason. 
 
 Thurston. 
 
 Okanogan. 
 Pacific. 
 
 Wahkiakum. 
 Wallawalla. 
 
 Pierce. 
 
 Whatcom. 
 
 San Juan. 
 
 Whitman. 
 
 Skagit. 
 
 Yakima. 
 
 Skamania. 
 
 
 Snohomish. 
 
 
 Spokane. 
 
 
 Mineral. 
 
 Ritchie. 
 
 Mingo. 
 
 Roane. 
 
 Monongalia. 
 Monroe. 
 
 Summers. 
 Taylor. 
 
 Morgan. 
 
 Tucker. 
 
 Nicholas. 
 
 Tyler. 
 
 Ohio. 
 Pendleton. 
 
 Upshur. 
 Wayne. 
 
 Pleasants. 
 
 Webster. 
 
 Pocahontas. 
 
 Wetzel. 
 
 Preston. 
 
 Wirt. 
 
 Putnam. 
 
 Wood. 
 
 Raleigh. 
 
 Wyoming. 
 
 Randolph. 
 
 
 Marathon. 
 
 St. Croix. 
 
 Marinette. 
 
 Sank. 
 
 Marquette. 
 
 Sawyer. 
 
 Milwaukee. 
 
 Shawano. 
 
 Monroe. 
 
 Sheboygan. 
 
 Oconto. 
 
 Taylor. 
 
 Oneida. 
 Outagamie. 
 
 Trempealeau. 
 Vernon. 
 
 Ozaukee. 
 
 Vilas. 
 
 Pepin. 
 
 Wai worth. 
 
 Pierce. 
 
 Washburn. 
 
 Polk. 
 
 Washington. 
 
 Portage. 
 Price. 
 
 Waukesha. 
 Waupaca. 
 
 Racine. 
 
 Waushara. 
 
 Richland. 
 
 Winnebago. 
 
 Rock. 
 
 Wood. 
 
 Rusk. 
 
 
 National Park Reser- 
 
 Sweetwater. 
 
 vation. 
 
 Uinta. 
 
 Natrona. 
 
 Weston. 
 
 Sheridan, 
 
 
USEFUL INFORMATION. 
 
 TITLES OF RAILROADS. 
 
 Following is a partial list of the railroads in the United States. In abbreviating, 
 use the initial letters, except St. for Saint; Ste. for Sainte; Ft. for Fort; S. W., 
 N. W., etc., for Southwestern, Northwestern, etc.; R. R. for Railroad; Ry. for Rail- 
 
 R. for Minneapolis and St. Louis Railroad. The exception to the foregoing rule is 
 the Maine Central Railroad, the abbreviation for which is Me. C. R. R.; the 
 Michigan Central Railroad having the abbreviation M. C. R. R. 
 
 Aberdeen and Asheboro Railroad. 
 
 Alabama and Vicksburg Railway. 
 
 Alabama Great Southern Railroad. 
 
 Ann Arbor Railroad. 
 
 Apalachicola Northern Railroad. 
 
 Arizona and New Mexico Railway Company.! 
 
 Astoria and Columbia River Railway Company. 
 
 Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway. 
 
 Atlanta and Birmingham Air Line Railway. 
 
 Atlanta and West Point Railroad. 
 
 Atlanta, Birmingham and Atlantic Railroad. 
 
 Atlantic City Railroad. 
 
 Atlantic Coast Line Railroad. 
 
 Augusta Southern Railroad. 
 
 Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. 
 
 Baltimore, Chesapeake and Atlantic Railway. 
 
 Bangor and Aroostook Railroad. 
 
 Beaumont and Great Northern Railroad. 
 
 Bellingham Bay and British Columbia Railroad 
 
 Company. 
 
 Bessemer and Lake Erie Railroad. 
 Boston and Maine Railroad. 
 Buffalo and Susquehanna Railway. 
 Buffalo, Rochester and Pittsburgh Railway. 
 Butte, Anaconda and Pacific Railway. 
 
 Canadian Pacific Railway. 
 
 Carolina and Northwestern Railway. 
 
 Carolina, Clinchfield and Ohio Railway. 
 
 Central Branch Railway Company. 
 
 Central Indiana Railway. 
 
 Central of Georgia Railway. 
 
 Central Railroad of New Jersey. 
 
 Central Vermont Railway. 
 
 Charleston and Western Carolina Railway. 
 
 Chattanooga Southern Railroad. 
 
 Chesapeake and Ohio Railway. 
 
 Chicago and Alton Railroad. 
 
 Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad. 
 
 Chicago and Erie Railroad. 
 
 Chicago and Northwestern Railway Company. 
 
 Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad Com- 
 pany. 
 
 Chicago, Cincinnati and Louisville Railroad. 
 
 Chicago Great Western Railway Company. 
 
 Chicago, Indiana and Southern Railroad. 
 
 Chicago, Indianapolis and Louisville Railway. 
 
 Chicago, Kalamazoo and Saginaw Railway. 
 
 Chicago, Lake Shore and Eastern Railway Com- 
 pany. 
 
 Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railway Com- 
 pany. 
 
 Chicago, Peoria and St. Louis Railway of Illinois. 
 
 Chicago, Rock Island and El Paso Railway Com- 
 pany. 
 
 Chicago, Rock Island and Gulf Railway Company. 
 
 Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railway Com- 
 pany. 
 
 Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha Rail- 
 way Company. 
 
 Chicago Southern Railway Company. 
 
 Chicago Terminal Transfer Railroad C9mpany. 
 
 Cincinnati and Muskingum Valley Railroad. 
 
 Cincinnati, Hamilton and Dayton Railway. 
 
 Cincinnati, New Orleans and Texas Pacific Rail- 
 way. 
 
 Cincinnati Northern Railroad. 
 
 Cleveland, Akron and Columbus Railway. 
 
 Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis 
 Railway. 
 
 Coal and Coke Railway. 
 
 Colorado and Southern Railway Company. 
 
 Colorado and Wyoming Railway Cony>any. 
 
 Colorado Midland Railway Company. 
 : Columbia and Puget Sound Railroad Company. 
 
 Columbia, Newberry and Laurens Railroad. 
 ; Copper Range Railroad. 
 
 Corvallis and Eastern Railroad Company. 
 i Cumberland and Pennsylvania Railroad. 
 I Cumberland Valley Railroad. 
 
 | Danville and Western Railway. 
 
 j Delaware and Eastern Railway. 
 
 i Delaware and Hudson Company. 
 
 I Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad. 
 
 ! Denver and Rio Grande Railroad Company. 
 
 Denver, Northwestern and Pacific Railway. 
 I Detroit and Mackinac Railway. 
 
 Detroit, Grand Haven and Milwaukee Railway. 
 
 Detroit, Toledo and Ironton Railway. 
 
 Des Moines, Iowa Falls and Northern Railway. 
 
 Duluth and Iron Range Railroad. 
 
 Duluth and Northern Minnesota Railway. 
 
 Duluth and Northeastern Railroad. 
 
 Duluth, Missabe and Northern Railway. 
 
 Duluth, South Shore and Atlantic Railway. 
 
 Dunkirk, Allegheny Valley and Pittsburgh Rail- 
 road. 
 
 Eastern Railway of New Mexico. 
 Elgin, Joliet and Eastern Railway. 
 El Paso and Southwestern Company. 
 Erie Railroad. 
 
 Escanaba and Lake Superior Railroad. 
 Eureka and Palisade Railway Company. 
 Evansville and Indianapolis Railroad. 
 Evansville and Terre Haute Railroad. 
 
 Florida Central Railroad. 
 
 Florida East Coast Railway. 
 
 Florida Railway. 
 
 Fonda, Johnstown and Gloversville Railroad. 
 
 Fort Smith and Western Railroad Company. 
 
 Fort Worth and Denver City Railway Company. 
 
 Fort Worth and Rio Grande Railway Company. 
 
 Georgia and Florida Railway. 
 
 Georgia Coast and Piedmont Railroad. 
 
 Georgia, Florida and Alabama Railway. 
 
 Georgia Northern Railway of Georgia. 
 
 Georgia Railroad. 
 
 Georgia Southern and Florida Railway. 
 
 Gila Valley, Globe and Northern Railway Com- 
 pany. 
 
 Grand Canyon Railway Company. 
 
 Grand Rapids and Indiana Railway. 
 
 Grand Trunk Railway of Canada. 
 
 Grand Trunk Western Railway. 
 j Great Northern Railway. 
 
 Green Bay and Western Railroad. 
 
 Gulf and interstate Railway Company of Texas. 
 1 Gulf and Ship Island Railroad. 
 
 Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Railway Company. 
 
 Gulf Line Railway. 
 
 Hocking Valley Railway. 
 
 Houston and Texas Central Railroad Company. 
 
 Houston East and West Texas Railway Company. 
 
 Idaho and Washington Northern Railroad Com- 
 
 pany. 
 dah 
 
 Idaho Northern Railway Company. 
 
 Illinois Central Railroad. 
 
 Illinois, Iowa and Minnesota Railway. 
 
 Illinois Southern Railway. 
 
 International and Great Northern Railroad Com- 
 
 pany. 
 Iowa Central Railway. 
 
USEFUL INFOEMATION. 
 
 Kansas City, Clinton and Springfield Railway 
 Company. 
 
 Kansas City, Mexico and Orient Railway Com- 
 pany. 
 
 Kansas City Southern Railway Company. 
 
 Kansas City Southwestern Railway Company. 
 
 Lake Erie and Western Railroad. 
 
 Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway. 
 
 Lancaster and Chester Railway. 
 
 Las Vegas and Tonopah Railroad Company. 
 
 Leayenworth and Topeka Railway Company 
 
 Lehigh and Hudson River Railway. 
 
 Lehigh and New England Railroad. 
 
 Lehigh Valley Railroad. 
 
 Lexington and Eastern Railway. 
 
 Long Island Railroad. 
 
 Louisiana and Arkansas Railway Company 
 
 Louisiana and Northwest Railroad Company. 
 
 Louisiana Railway and Navigation Company 
 
 Louisiana Western Railroad Company 
 
 Louisville and Atlantic Railroad. 
 
 Louisville and Nashville Railroad. 
 
 Louisville, Henderson and St. Louis Railway. 
 
 Macon and Birmingham Railway. 
 Macon, Dublin and Savannah Railroad 
 Maine Central Railroad. 
 Manistee and Grand Rapids Railroad. 
 Manistee and Luther Railroad. 
 Manistee and Northeastern Railroad. 
 Manistique Railway. 
 Maryland and Pennsylvania Railroad. 
 Michigan Central Railroad. 
 Midland Valley Railroad Company. 
 Minneapolis and St. Louis Railroad. 
 Minneapolis, St. Paul and Sault Ste. Marie Rail- 
 way. 
 
 Minnesota and International Railway. 
 Mississippi Central Railroad. 
 Mississippi River and Bonne Terre Railway. 
 Missouri and North Arkansas Railroad Company 
 Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railway Company. 
 Missouri, Oklahoma and Gulf Railway Company 
 Missouri Pacific Railway Company. 
 Missouri Southern Railroad Company. 
 Mobile and Ohio Railroad. 
 Mobile, Jackson and Kansas City Railroad. 
 Montana Central Railway. 
 Montana Railroad. 
 Morgan's Louisiana and Texas Railroad and 
 
 Steamship Company. 
 Munising Railway. 
 
 Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway. 
 Nevada and California Railway Company. 
 Nevada-California-Oregon Railway. 
 Nevada Central Railroad Company (The) 
 Nevada Northern Railway Company. 
 New Orleans Great Northern Railroad 
 Newton and Northwestern Railroad. 
 New York and Pennsylvania Railway 
 New York Central and Hudson Rivt r Railroad. 
 New York, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad. 
 New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad 
 New York, Ontario and Western Railway 
 New York, Philadelphia and Norfolk Railroad 
 New York, Susquehanna and Western Railroad. 
 Norfolk and Southern Railway. 
 Norfolk and Western Railway. 
 Northern Alabama Railway. 
 Northern Central Railwav. 
 Northern Pacific Railway. 
 Northwestern Pacific Railroad Company. 
 
 Ohio River and Western Railway. 
 Oklahoma Central Railway Company. 
 Oregon Railroad and Navigation Company. 
 Oregon Short Line Railroad Company. 
 
 Pacific and Idaho Northern Railway Company 
 Pacific Coast Railway Company. 
 Pennsylvania Company. 
 Pennsylvania Railroad. 
 Peoria and Eastern Railway. 
 
 Pere Marquette Railroad. 
 Philadelphia and Reading Railway. 
 Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington Rail- 
 Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad. 
 Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis 
 
 Railway. 
 
 Pittsburg, Shawmut and Northern Railroad 
 Pontiac, Oxford and Northern Railroad. 
 
 Quincy, Omaha and Kansas City Railroad. 
 
 Reading and Columbia Railroad. 
 
 Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Rail- 
 
 roLG, 
 
 Rio Grande Southern Railroad Company 
 Rutland Railroad. 
 
 St. Joseph and Grand Island Railway. 
 
 St. Johnsbury and Lake Champlain Railroad 
 
 St. Louis and Hannibal Railway. 
 
 St. Louis and San Francisco Railroad Company 
 
 St. Louis, Brownsvilleand Mexico Railway Com- 
 
 St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Railway 
 
 Company. 
 St. Louis, San Francisco and Texas Railway Com- 
 
 St. Louis Southwestern Railway Company. 
 
 St. Louis Southwestern Railway Company of 
 
 San Antonio and Aransas Pass Railway Company. 
 
 Sandy River and Rangeley Lakes Railroad. 
 
 San Pedro, Los Angeles and Salt Lake Railroad 
 Company. 
 
 Santa Fe Central Railway Company. 
 
 Santa Fe, Prescott and Phoenix Railway Com- 
 pany. 
 
 Seaboard Air Line Railway. 
 
 Southern Indiana Railway Company. 
 
 Southern Kansas Railway Company of Texas 
 
 Southern Pacific Company. 
 
 Southern Railway. 
 
 South Georgia Railway. 
 
 Spokane, Portland and Seattle Railway Company 
 
 Susquehanna and New York Railroad. 
 
 Texas and Gulf Railway Company. 
 Texas and New Orleans Railroad Company. 
 Texas and Pacific Railway Company. 
 Texas Central Railroad Company 
 Texas Midland Railroad. 
 Texas Mexican Railway Company. 
 Texas Southern Railway Company 
 Tidewater and Western Railroad. 
 Toledo and Ohio Central Railway. 
 Toledo and Western Railroad. " 
 Toledo, Peoria and Western Railway. 
 Toledo, Saginaw and Muskegon Railway. 
 Toledo, St. Louis and Western Railroad 
 Tombigbee Valley Railroad. 
 
 Ulster and Delaware Railroad 
 Union Pacific Railroad. 
 
 Vandalia Railroad. 
 
 Vicksburg, Shreveport and Pacific Railway Com- 
 pany. 
 
 Virginia and Southwestern Railway. 
 Virginian Railway. 
 
 Wabash Railroad. 
 Western Maryland Railroad. 
 Western Pacific Railway Company. 
 Western Railway of Alabama. 
 West Jersey and Sea Shore Railroad. 
 Wheeling and Lake Erie Railroad. 
 Wichita Valley Railway Company 
 Wisconsin and Michigan Railway. 
 Wisconsin Central Railway. 
 Wrightsville and Tennille Railroad. 
 Wyoming and Northwestern Railway. 
 
 Yazoo and Mississippi Valley Railroad. 
 
YO USEFUL INFORMATION. 
 
 VOCABULARY OF DOUBLE WORDS. 
 
 Prefixes are in bold-faced type. When a suffix is preceded by a hyphen use the 
 hyphen; if not, then make one word. 
 
 '"The rest take the hyphen," "the rest one word," etc., mean all others of the 
 class found in Webster's International Dictionary, from which this list was made 
 and to which have been added a few office decisions. 
 
 Double words not found in this vocabulary or in the International Dictionary 
 should be separated by a space unless instructions be given otherwise. 
 
 Many technical words pertaining to the animal, mineral, and vegetable kingdoms, 
 as well as rare and obsolete words, have been omitted from this list. Writers on 
 scientific subjects usually insist on an individual "styje." 
 
 Preferred spellings are not indicated. 
 
 The abbreviation (a), for adjective; (adv.), for adverb; (n. ), for noun; or (v.), 
 for verb after a word restricts the use of the word to the part of speech indicated. 
 
 Plurals are omitted, as acre-foot (acre-feet), foot-pound (foot-pounds). 
 
 A. 
 
 able; compound all double words. 
 
 aboveboard, deck, said; the rest take the hy- 
 phen. 
 
 absent; compound all double words. 
 
 acorn-shell. 
 
 acre-foot. 
 
 actiiio-chemistry; the rest one word. 
 
 acute-angled. 
 
 addle-brain, -brained, -head, -headed, -pate, 
 -pated, -patedness. 
 
 ad j utant-general . 
 
 testho-physiology. 
 
 after (when meaning a time to come make two 
 words; other words not given take the hyphen) 
 birth, brain, cast, clap, crop, eye, game, glow, 
 grass, growth, guard, math, most, noon, pains, 
 piece, shaft, taste, thought, wise. 
 
 aftmost. 
 
 ahorseback. 
 
 ald-de-camp, -major. 
 
 air-tight; adjectives take hyphen. 
 
 alcoholmeter, ometer. 
 
 alebench, berry, cost, hoof, house, -knight, 
 taster, wife. 
 
 alkalimeter. 
 
 allbone,good,-hail (v.), heal, mouth, -possessed, 
 seed, spice, where, work (n.). 
 
 alleyway. 
 
 a I ins: all one word. 
 
 alongshore, side. 
 
 alpenstock. 
 
 altarpiece. 
 
 alto-cumulus, -rilievo, -stratus. 
 
 amidships. 
 
 amperemeter, amperemeter. 
 
 aniylo (prefix); all one word. 
 
 anchor-hold. 
 
 andiron. 
 
 anglemeter, worm. 
 
 aiiiilo (prefix); all one word, unless followed by 
 cap, when use hyphen. 
 
 ant-bear, -cattle, -eater, -hill, -lion; when 
 meaning anti, all one word. 
 
 ante-act, -mortem; the rest one word. 
 
 anti-trade; the rest one word, unless followed 
 by cap, when use hyphen. 
 
 anybody, how, one, thing, thingarian, way, 
 where, whither, wise. 
 
 apple-faced, -jack, -John. 
 
 aquamarine, puncture, tint. 
 
 aqueo-igneous. 
 
 arc-boutant. 
 
 arch, a r<-li I (prefix for chief); all one word. 
 
 arehband, way. 
 
 argillo (prefix); takes the hyphen. 
 
 argus-eyed. 
 
 aristo; all one word except aristo paper. 
 
 armchair, hole, pit, rack. 
 
 armor-bearer, -plated. 
 
 arrowhead, root, wood, worm. 
 
 arsesmart. 
 
 artilleryman. 
 
 ash-fire, -furnace, -oven, weed. 
 
 assemblyman. 
 
 astro (prefix); all one word. 
 
 athwartships. 
 
 attorney-general . 
 
 auto-da-fe, -infection, -inoculation, -intoxica- 
 tion; the rest one word. 
 
 avant-courier, -guard. 
 
 away-going. 
 
 awe-stricken, -struck. 
 
 awl-shaped, wort. 
 
 axbreaker, fitch, man, stone. 
 
 axletree. 
 
 aye-aye, green. 
 
 B. 
 
 babyhouse. 
 
 backache, band, bite, biter, biting, -blocker, 
 board, bond, bone, boned, cast, door (a.), down, 
 fall, friend, furrow, gammon, ground, hand, 
 handed, house, joint, lash, log, piece, plate, saw, 
 set, settler, side (the rump), sight, slide, slider, 
 sliding, staff, stairs (a.), stay, stitch, -strapped, 
 sword, tack, wash, water, woods, woodsman, 
 worm, wort. 
 
 bagman, nut, pipe, piper, reef, room, wig, worm. 
 
 baggageman. 
 
 bailpiece. 
 
 bain-marie. 
 
 bakehouse. 
 
 balance-reef. 
 
 bald-faced, head, headed, money, pate, pated, 
 rib. 
 
 ballfish, -flower, proof, room. 
 
 bandbox, master. 
 
 bankside, -sided. 
 
 barfish, keeper, maid, master, mote, post, room, 
 tender, way, wood. 
 
 bare (prefix); all one word. 
 
 barge (prefix); all one word. 
 
 barkbound. 
 
 barleybrake, -bree, corn. 
 
 barnburner, stormer, storming, yard, 
 i baseball, board, born, -burner, -court. 
 I basket wood. 
 ! bas-relief. 
 [ basso-rilievo. 
 i bass wood. 
 
 batfish, fowler, fowling, horse, man wing. 
 
 bathroom. 
 
 batsman. 
 
 bat's-wing. 
 
 battering-ram. 
 
 battle-ax, door, field. 
 
 bawdyhouse. 
 
 bay-antler, berry, bolt, -gall, man, wood. 
 
 beadhouse, roll,* snake, work. 
 
 beakhead. iron: 
 
 be-all. 
 
 bearbane, berry, bind, herd, hound, skin, ward, 
 wood, wort. 
 
 beaucatcher. 
 
 bedbug, chair, chamber, clothes, cord, fellow, 
 gown, key, maker, -molding, pan, piece, plate, 
 post, quilt, rid, ridden, right, room, side, site, 
 sore, spread, staff, stead, straw, swerver, tick, 
 time. 
 
USEFUL INFORMATION. 
 
 77 
 
 foeebread, -eater, hive, house, master. 
 
 beechnut. 
 
 beefeater, steak, -witted, -wood. 
 
 beerhouse. 
 
 beesAvax, wing. 
 
 beetle-browed, head, -headed, stock. 
 
 belorehand, time. 
 
 behindhand. 
 
 bel-esprit. 
 
 bellbird,-faced, flower, man,-mouthed,-shaped, 
 topper, wether, wort. 
 
 belle-lettrist. 
 
 belles-lettres. 
 
 bellyache, band, bound, -god, -pinched. 
 
 beriberi. 
 
 bl-iliac; the rest one word. 
 
 bigeye, horn, root, wig, -wigged. 
 
 billbeetle, board, bug, fish, head, hook, man, 
 poster, sticker. 
 
 billet-doux, head. 
 
 billyboy, cock. 
 
 bindweed, with. 
 
 birdbolt, call, catcher, catching, -eyed, lime, 
 man, seed, -witted. 
 
 bird's-beak, -eye, -foot, -mouth, -nesting, 
 -tongue. 
 
 birtliday, less, mark, night, place, right, root, 
 wort. 
 
 bitstock. 
 
 bitterbark, blain, bloom, bump, nut, root, sweet, 
 weed, wood, wort 
 
 blackball, band, belly, berry, bird, birder, bird- 
 ing, board, -browed, butt, cap, coat, cock,-eyed, 
 -faced, feet, fellow, fin, fish, foot, guard, head, 
 heart, -hearted, -jack, leg, -letter (a.), list (v.), 
 mail, mailer, mailing, meat, -mouthed, poll, 
 root, salter, smith, strap, tail, thorn, wall, wood, 
 work. 
 
 bladderfish, nose, wort. 
 
 bladebone, fish. 
 
 blameworthy. 
 
 blancmange. 
 
 bleareye, -eyed, eyedness. 
 
 blendwater. 
 
 blightbird. 
 
 blindball, fish, fold, story, worm, -your-eyes. 
 
 blink-eyed. 
 
 blockhead, headed, house, ship. 
 
 bloodbird, drop, flower, guiltiness, guiltless, 
 guilty, hound, letter, letting, root, shed, shed- 
 der, shedding, shot, stick, stone, stroke, sucker, 
 thirsty, ulf, -vascular, wite, wood, worm, wort. 
 
 bloodybones, -minded. 
 
 blowball, cock, fish, fly, gun, hole, -off, -out, 
 pipe, tube. 
 
 blueback, beard, bell, berry, bill, bird, bottle, 
 breast, bush, buttons, cap, coat, -eye, -eyed, 
 fin, fish, gown, hearts, -John, nose, pointer, 
 poll, print, start, stocking, stone, throat, 
 -veined, wing, wood. 
 
 bluff-bowed, -headed. 
 
 blunderhead. 
 
 boar's-foot. 
 
 boatbill, house, man, -shaped, swain, -tail, 
 woman. 
 
 boatsman. 
 
 bobbinwork. 
 
 bobcat, -cherry, fly, sled, sleigh, stay, tail, tailed, 
 white. 
 
 bodyguard. 
 
 bogberry, sucker, trotter, trotting, wood. 
 
 bollworm. 
 
 bolthead, rope, sprit. 
 
 bombproof, shell. 
 
 boil-accord, bon, chrtien, due, fire, mot. 
 
 bondholder, maid, man, slave, stone, woman. 
 
 bondsman, woman. 
 
 boiieache, black, dog, fish, set, setter, setting. 
 
 bonnyclabber. 
 
 bookbinder, bindery, binding, case, craft, 
 holder, keeper, keeping, land, -learned, maker, 
 man, mark, mate, monger, plate, seller, selling, 
 shelf, shop, stall, stand, store, work, worm. 
 
 bootblack, hose, jack, lick, maker, making, 
 topping, tree. 
 
 borougliholder, master, monger, mongering, 
 mongery. 
 
 bottlehcad, holder, -nose, -nosed, screw. 
 
 bouts-rim6s. 
 
 bowbell, bent, -compass, fin, grace, head, knot, 
 
 leg, -legged, line, man, -pen, -pencil, -saw, 
 
 shot, sprit, string, stringed, wood. 
 boxberry, fish, haul, hauling, -iron, keeper, 
 
 thorn, Avood. 
 
 brainpan, sick, sickly, sickness, 
 brand-new, 
 brass- visaged. 
 
 brazen-browed, face, faced, 
 breadbasket, fruit, nut, root, stuff, winner, 
 breakaway (n.), ax, bone, -circuit, down, man > 
 
 neck, stone, -up, water, 
 breastband, beam, bone, -deep, fast, height, 
 
 -high, hook, knot, pin, plate, plow, rail, rope, 
 
 summer, weed, wood, work, 
 breechblock, cloth, loader, -loading, 
 brew house, 
 bric-a-brac, 
 brickbat, fielder, kiln, layer, laying, maker, 
 
 making, work, yard, 
 bridesmaid, man. 
 brigadi er-gen e ral . 
 
 bristle-pointed, -shaped, tail, wort. 
 broadax, bill, brim, -brimmed, cast, cloth, 
 
 -horned, leaf, -leaved, mouth, piece, seal (v.), 
 
 side, spread, spreading, sword, throat, 
 broncho-pneumonia; the rest one word, 
 brooklime, side, weed, 
 broomstick. 
 
 brother-in-law, wort, 
 browbeat, beating, bound, post, spot, 
 brownback, stone, wort. 
 buck-basket, board, eye, -eyed, horn, hound, 
 
 jump, jumper, shot, skin, stall, tail, thorn, tooth, 
 
 wheat, 
 buck's-horn. 
 bufferhead. 
 bufflehorn. 
 
 bug (prefix) ; all one word, 
 buhrstone. 
 built-up, 
 bulkhead, 
 bullbeggar, berry, comber, dog, faced, fice, fight,. 
 
 fighter, fighting, finch, fist, frog, head, headed, 
 
 -necked, nut, -poll, pout, -roarer, rout, Aveed, 
 
 wort. 
 
 bullet-proof, 
 i bull's-eye, -nose. 
 ; bumboat, Avood. 
 bumblebee, puppy, 
 bunch-backed, berry, floAver. 
 j bunghole. 
 
 burghmaster, mote. 
 : burrstone. 
 bushboy, fighter, fighting, hammer, man, 
 
 ranger* ranging, whacker, whacking, 
 bushelman. 
 businesslike, 
 busybody, 
 butterball, bird, bump, bur, cup, -fingered, 
 
 fish, fly, man, milk, nut, -scotch, weed, weight, 
 
 Avort. 
 
 buttonball, bush, hole, mold, weed, wood. 
 by (prefix), all take the hyphen, except bygone, 
 
 byname (v.), bypath, byplay, byroad, by- 
 stander, byAvay, byword, bywork. 
 
 c. 
 
 cabman, urn. 
 
 cabinetmaker, making, work. 
 
 cable-laid, Avay. 
 
 cachepot. 
 
 I calcareo-argillaceous, -bituminous, -siliceous. 
 ! calfskin. 
 
 calicoback. 
 
 camber-keeled, 
 i camel-backed. 
 
 camel' s-hair (a.). 
 
 campfight. 
 
 camAvood. 
 ; cancan, dock. 
 
 candleberry, bomb, fish, holder, light, power, 
 stick, waster. 
 
 canebrake. 
 
 cankerberry, -root, weed, Avorm. 
 
 canvasback. 
 i cap-a-pie, case, peak, sheaf, -square, stone. 
 
78' 
 
 USEFUL INFORMATION. 
 
 captain-general. 
 
 cargoose, load, lock, man. 
 
 cardboard, case. 
 
 care-tuned, worn. 
 
 carnal-minded, -mindedness. 
 
 carpetbag, bagger, monger, way, weed. 
 
 carryall, tale. 
 
 cartload, man, way, wright. 
 
 carvel-built. 
 
 case-bay, harden, hardened, hardening, mate, 
 
 mated, weed, worm, 
 cashbook. 
 casse-tete. 
 
 castaway (n.), -iron (a), -off (a.), 
 castle-builder, -building, -guard, -ward, 
 catbird, boat, call, eye, -eyed, fall, fish, gut, 
 
 -harping, -haw, head, -hole, mint, pipe,-rigged, 
 
 -salt, -silver, stick, stitch, -tail, 
 catch-basin, drain, fly, -meadow, penny, water, 
 
 weed, weight, word, work, 
 eater-cornered, -cousin, 
 cattleman, 
 causeway, wayed. 
 cavalryman, 
 cavo-rilievo. 
 
 centerbit, board, -fire (a.), piece, -second (a.), 
 cerebro-spinal. 
 cerecloth. 
 
 cesspipe, pool, 
 chainwork. 
 
 chalkcutter, stone. 
 
 chambermaid. 
 
 chance-medley. 
 
 chapbook, fallen, man. 
 
 char-a-bancs. 
 
 charterhouse. 
 
 charwoman. 
 
 chasse-cat'6. 
 
 chatterbox. 
 
 cheap-jack, -John. 
 
 checkmate, rein, roll, string, work. 
 
 clieckerberry, board, work. 
 
 cheesemonger, paring, wood. 
 
 chef-d'oeuvre. 
 
 chess-apple, board, man, tree. 
 
 che val-d e-f rise . 
 
 chiaroscuro. 
 
 chick-pea, weed. 
 
 chicken-breasted, -hearted, weed. 
 
 chief-justiceship. 
 
 childbearing, bed, birth, crowing. 
 
 chimney-breast, -piece. 
 
 chloralamide, imide. 
 
 chockablock, -full. 
 
 chopboat, church, fallen, house, -logic, stick. 
 
 chowchow. 
 
 Chrlstcross, -row. 
 
 Christmastide. 
 
 chub-faced. 
 
 chucklehead. headed. 
 
 church-ale, -bench, goer, going, man, warden, 
 
 wardenship, yard. 
 einquefoil, -pace, -spotted. 
 circum (prefix); all one word, 
 cirro-cumulus, -filum, -nebula, stomatous, 
 
 -stratus, -velum. 
 cis (prefix); all one word except followed by 
 
 cap. 
 
 clambake. 
 
 clapboard, match, trap, 
 classman, mate. 
 
 clean-cut, -limbed, skins (n.), -timbered, 
 clear-boled, -cole, -cut, -headed, -seeing, -shin- 
 ing, -sighted, -sightedness, skins (n.), starch, 
 
 starcher, story, weed, wing, 
 cleft-footed, graft, 
 clingstone, fish, 
 clinker-built, 
 clipper-built, 
 cloakroom. 
 
 clockbird, like, wise, work. . 
 clodhopper, hopping, pate, pated, poll, 
 close-banded, -barred, -bodied, fisted, handed, 
 
 handedness, hauled, mouthed, reefed, -stool, 
 
 -tongued. 
 
 clotheshorse, line, pin, press. 
 cloudberry, -built, -burst, -capped, -compeller, 
 
 land, 
 cloven-footed, -hoofed. 
 
 clubfist, fisted, foot, footed, hand, haul, house 
 room, -rush, -shaped. 
 
 coachfellow, man, whip, wood. 
 
 co (prefix) -ally, -assessor, -legatee, -lessee, -les- 
 sor, -mate, -meddle, -regent, -relation, -re- 
 ligionist, -respondent, -sufferer; the rest one 
 word. 
 
 coal-black, fish, goose, -meter, mouse, pit, sack, 
 -whipper. 
 
 coastways, wise. 
 
 cobblestone. 
 
 cotohead, stone, swan, wall, web, webbed, webby, 
 work. 
 
 cock-H-hoop, bill, boat, -brained, chafer, crow, 
 crowing, eye, fight, fighting, head, horse, -laird, 
 loft, master, match, -paddle, pit, roach, shy, 
 spur, sure, swain, tail, up, weed. 
 
 cocklebur, shell. 
 
 cockscomb, combed, foot, head. 
 
 codfish, piece, worm. 
 
 coffeehouse, man, pot, room. 
 
 cofferdam, work. 
 
 cogware, wheel, wood. 
 
 cold-blooded, finch, -hearted, -heartedness, 
 -short, -shut. 
 
 color-blind, -corporal, man. 
 
 comtobroach, -shaped. 
 
 comedown, -outer. 
 
 comet-finder, -seeker. 
 
 commissary-general, -sergeant. 
 
 commonplace, weal, wealth. 
 
 concavo-concave, -convex. 
 
 consul-general. 
 
 convexo-concave, -convex, -plane. 
 
 cookbook, maid, room, shop. 
 
 cool-headed, -headedness, weed, wort. 
 
 cope-chisel, stone. 
 
 copper-belly, -bottomed, -faced, -fastened, 
 head, -nickel, -nose, plate, smith, tail, wing, 
 worm. 
 
 copple-crown, -crowned. 
 
 copse wood. 
 
 copyhold, holder, right. 
 
 coralberry, -rag, wort. 
 
 corkscrew, wing, wood. 
 
 cornbell, bind, cob, crake, crib, cutter, dodger, 
 field, floor, flower, loft, muse, sheller, shuck, 
 stalk, starch. 
 
 cornercap. 
 
 cornet-a-piston. 
 
 costal-nerved. 
 
 costermonger. 
 
 countfish, -wheel. 
 
 counteract, action, active, actively, balance, 
 bore, brace (v.), buff, caster, change, changed, 
 charge, charm, check, claim, -compony, -couch- 
 ant, -courant, current, draw, faller, fleury, 
 foil, force, fort, gage, guard, irritant, irritate, 
 jumper, man, march, mark, mine, move, mure, 
 natural, -paly, pane, part, passant, plead, 
 plot, point, poise, pole, ponderate, prove, -roll, 
 -salient, scarp, seal, secure, shaft, sign, sink, 
 stand, step, stock, stroke, sunk, term, time, 
 trippant, turn, vail, view, vote, weigh, weight, 
 wheel, work. 
 
 countinghouse, room. 
 
 country-base, -dance, man, side, woman. 
 
 coupstick. 
 
 court-baron, bred, -craft, -house, -leet, like, 
 -martial, -plaster, yard. 
 
 cousin-german. 
 
 couvre-feu. 
 
 coverlid, -point. 
 
 cowbane, berry, bind, bird, blakes, boy, catcher, 
 fish, hearted, herb, herd, hide, itch, leech, 
 leeching, lick, like, pea, -pilot, pox, quake, 
 slip, slipped, weed, wheat. 
 
 crabeater, faced, hole, sidle, stick, -yaws. 
 
 crack-brained. 
 
 crackleware. 
 
 cracksman. 
 
 craftsman, master. 
 
 creamcake, -colored, cups, -faced, -fruit, -slice, 
 -white. 
 
 crewelwork. 
 
 crib-biter, -biting, rose, work. 
 
 crisscross, -row. 
 
 croftland. 
 
 crop-ear, -eared, -tailed, weed. 
 
USEFUL INFORMATION. 
 
 79 
 
 cross-armed, -banded, bar, barred, beak, beam 
 -bearer, -bedded, bill (zoology), -birth, bones, 
 bow, bower, bowman, bred, breed, -bun, -cross- 
 let, cut, -days, -examination, -examine, -exam- 
 iner, -eye, -eyed, -fertilize, fish, flow, -garnet 
 grained, hatch, hatching, head, -interrogatory, 
 jack, legged, patch, -pawl, piece, -purpose 
 -question, -reading, road, row, ruff -spale 
 -springer, -staff, -stitch, -stone, -stratified, 
 -stratification, -tail, -tie -lining, trees 
 -vaulting, way, -week, wise, wort. 
 
 crowbar, bell, berry, flower, foot, -quill, -silk 
 step, stone, toe, -trodden. 
 
 orownbeard, -imperial, piece, -post, -saw, 
 work. 
 
 crumbcloth. 
 
 cubbridge-head. 
 
 cubby-hole, yew. 
 
 cubo-octahedral, octahedron. 
 
 cul-de-four, -de-sac. 
 
 culverhouse, key, tail, tailed. 
 
 cum u-ci rro-stratus. 
 
 cumulo-cirrus, -nimbus, -stratus. 
 
 cupbearer, board, -gall, -moss, -rose, seed 
 
 curbstone. 
 
 cure-all. 
 
 currycomb. 
 
 custom-house. 
 
 cutaway, lips, -off, -out, purse, throat, water, 
 weed, work, worm. 
 
 D. 
 
 dairymaid, man, woman, 
 dare-devil, -deviltry, 
 dashboard, pot. 
 daughter-in-law. 
 
 dayberry, book, break, -coal, dream, dreamer 
 flower, fly, -labor (a.), -laborer (a.), light, mare, 
 -net, -peep, spring, -star, time, 
 daysman. 
 
 deadbeat (a.), born, -eye, head, -hearted, 
 -heartedness, house, latch, light, lock man 
 -pay, -reckoning, -stroke, wood, works, 
 deal-mute, -mutism, 
 dearborn, -bought, -loved. 
 deathbed, bird, blow, day, like, watch, 
 deathsman. 
 deckle-edged, 
 decoy-duck, -man. 
 deep-laid, -mouthed, -read, -sea (a,), -sinker 
 
 -waisted. ' Q 
 
 deerberry, grass, horn, hound, -neck, skin 
 
 stalker, stalking, 
 de-ethicise; the rest one word, 
 delft ware. 
 
 demi-rilieyo; the rest one word, 
 dentate-ciliate, -sinuate, 
 deskwork. 
 dessert-spoonful. 
 
 deutero-albumose, -elastose; the rest one word 
 Deutero-lsaiah, -Niocene 
 devil-diver, fish, wood, 
 dewberry, claw, cup, drop, fall, lap lapped 
 
 -point, ret, rot. worm. 
 diamond-back, ^shaped, 
 dicebox. 
 
 diesinker, sinking, stock, 
 dillydally. 
 
 dim-sighted, -sightedness. 
 diner-out, 
 dingdoug. 
 direct-acting. 
 
 dishcloth, -faced, rag, washer, water 
 ditty-bag, -box. 
 divi-divi. 
 
 do-all, -little, -naught, -nothing, -nothingism. 
 docfc-cress, yard, 
 doeskin. 
 
 dogbane, berry, bolt, -brier, cart, draw, -eared 
 -faced, fish, -fox, -headed, -hearted, hole, leg, ! 
 -legged, -rose, shore, sick, skin, sleep, stone! ; 
 tie, tooth, trick, trot, vane, watch, -weary, j 
 
 domebook. 
 doodlesack. 
 doomsdav. 
 
 doorbell, case, cheek, keeper, knob, latch, nail, 
 plate, post, gill, stead, step, stone, stop way 
 weed, yard, 
 i dos-a-dos. 
 
 ! double-acting, -bank, -banked, -barreled 
 -beat (a.), -breasted, -charge, -decker, -dye, 
 -dyed, -ender, -entendre, -eyed, -faced 
 ganger, -handed, -headed, -hearted, -hung' 
 -loader, -lock, -milled, -minded, -quick' 
 -ripper, -shade, -threaded, -tongue, -tongued 
 -tonguing, tree. 
 
 dough-baked, bird, boy, face, -faced, faceism 
 -kneaded, nut. 
 
 dovecot, -eyed, like, tail, wood. 
 
 do wiibear, bound, cast, come, comer, fall, fallen 
 falling, gyved, haul, hearted, hill, looked' 
 lying, pour, right, -share, sitting, stairs, stream' 
 stroke, take, throw, town, trod, trodden, weed! 
 
 draftsman. 
 
 dragbar, bolt, hound, link, man, net, rope 
 
 dragonlike, wort. 
 
 drainpipe*, tile, trap. 
 
 dramseller, shop. 
 
 drawback, bar, bench, bolt, bore boy bridge 
 -cut, filing, gear, gloves, head, knife, link' 
 loom, net, plate, rod, shave, spring. 
 ! drawing-room. 
 ! dread-bolted, naught. 
 I dreamland. 
 
 dressmaker, making. 
 
 driftbolt, piece, pin, way, weed, wind, wood. 
 
 drlllmasler, stock. 
 
 dripstone. 
 
 drivebolt, pipe, way. 
 ! dronepipe. 
 
 droplight, stone, worm, wort. 
 
 drumbeat, fish, head, stick, wood. 
 I dry-beat, -boned, -eyed, -fisted, nurse (v.), -rub 
 salter, saltery, -shod, -stone. 
 
 duckbill, -billed, -legged, meat, weed, wing. 
 i duebill. 
 
 dugout, way. 
 
 j dullhead; sidjectives take hvphen. 
 ! dumb-bell, -waiter. 
 
 dungfork, hill, meer, yard. 
 
 dustbrush, man, pan, -point. 
 ; dyehouse, stuff, weed, wood. 
 ; dynamo (prefix) -electric; the rest one word. 
 
 E. ; 
 
 eagle-eyed, -sighted, stone, -winged, wood, 
 earache, -bored, cap, cockle, drop, drum lap 
 
 lock, mark, -minded, pick, -piercer, reach, 
 
 ring, -shell, shot, sore, -splitting, wax wig 
 
 witness, worm, 
 eartlibag, bank, board, born, bred, drake, fork 
 
 kin nut, pea, quake, shock, star, -tongue, 
 
 wolf, work, worm, 
 earthen-hearted, ware, 
 earthly-minded, -mindedness. 
 eastbound. 
 Eastertide, 
 east-insular, 
 easy-chair, -going, 
 eavedrop. 
 
 eavesdrop, dropper, dropping, 
 edgebone, shot, 
 egg-apple, -bird, -cup, -glass, hot, nog, plant, 
 
 -shaped, shell, 
 ego theism, 
 eightfold, score, 
 elbowboard, chair, room, 
 electrogenesis, meter, metric, metrical, motor, 
 
 phone, plate, plater, plating, scope scopic 
 
 static, statics, tactic, technics, technical, tonic 
 
 tonicity, type, typer, typic, typing; other 
 
 double words take the hyphen, 
 eleuthero-petalous. 
 elf land, lock, 
 elltnut, wood, 
 elliptic-lanceolate, 
 ellwand. 
 
 elsewhere, whither, 
 ember-goose, 
 embryoplastic. 
 
80 
 
 USEFUL INFORMATION. 
 
 emeto-cathartic. 
 
 empty-handed, -headed, -hearted. 
 
 end-all. 
 
 engineman, -sized. 
 
 entryman. 
 
 erecto-patent. 
 
 erelong, while. 
 
 erstwhile. 
 
 evenfall, handed, -minded, song, tide. 
 
 everduring, glade, green, lasting, lastingly, 
 lastingness, living, more. 
 
 everybody, day (a.), one, thing, when, where. 
 
 evil-eyed, -favored, -favoredness, -minded, 
 -mindedness. 
 
 ewe-necked. 
 
 ex (prefix for former condition or office held); 
 all take hyphen. 
 
 excito (prefix); all take hyphen. 
 
 ex officio. 
 
 expressman. 
 
 extra (prefix) -articular, -axillar, -axillary. 
 -ocular, -official, -red, -uterine; the rest one 
 word. 
 
 ex-voto. 
 
 eyeball, bar, beam, bolt, bright, brow, cup, drop, 
 flap, glance, glass, hole, lash, lid, -minded, 
 piece, reach, salve, servant, service, shot, sight, 
 sore, -splice, -spot, -spotted, stalk, stone, string, 
 tooth, wash, water, wink, winker, witness. 
 
 F. 
 
 facework. 
 
 facsimile. 
 
 fag-end. 
 
 faint-hearted, -heartedly. -heartedness. 
 
 fair-leader, -mindedness, way; adjectives take 
 hyphen. 
 
 fairyland. 
 
 falcon-beaked, bill, -gentil. 
 
 false-heartedness: adjectives take hyphen. 
 
 fancy-free, -sick, work. 
 
 fandangle, fish, foot, like, -nerved, tail, -tailed, 
 -tan. 
 
 far-about, -extended, fetched, -oft', -reaching, 
 seeing, sighted, sightedness.-spread, -stretched. 
 
 farmer-general. 
 
 farmhouse, stead, yard. 
 
 fashion-monger, -mongering. 
 
 fatback, bird, -brained, head,-kidneyed,-witted. 
 
 father-in-law, land, -lasher. 
 
 fault-finder, -finding. 
 
 fausse-braye. 
 
 fawn-colored. 
 
 fearnaught. 
 
 feather-edge, few, -foil, -head, stitch, wing: 
 adjectives take hyphen. 
 
 fee Die-minded , -mindedness. 
 
 fee-faw-fum. 
 
 fellowfeel; the rest take hyphen. 
 
 felo-de-se. 
 
 fer-de-lance. 
 
 fernbird, gale. 
 
 ferret-eye. 
 
 ferro (prefix); all one word. 
 
 ferryboat, man. 
 
 fetterbush, lock. 
 
 fiber-faced. 
 
 fiddle-faddle, -shaped, stick, string, wood. 
 
 fieldcornet, cornetcy, fare, piece, work (mili- 
 tary). 
 
 figurehead. 
 
 finback, foot, -footed, like, pike, -toed. 
 
 finedraw, drawer, drawn, spun, still, stiller, top. 
 
 firearm, back, ball, bird, board, bote, brand, 
 brat, cracker, crest, dog, drake, -fanged, fish, 
 flaire, flame, flaught, fly, lock, man, -new, 
 place, proof, proofing, room, -set, side, stone, 
 tail, warden, weed, wood, work, worm. 
 
 firmer-chisel. 
 
 firstborn, -class (a.) , -hand, -rate (a.). 
 
 fish-bellied, berry, -block, gig, hawk, hook, like, 
 monger, skin, -tackle, tail, way, wife, woman, 
 wood. 
 
 five-corners, -finger, fold, -leaf, -leafed, -twen- 
 ties. 
 
 flagman, -officer, ship, staff, stone, worm. 
 
 i flame-colored. 
 
 flapdragon, -eared, jack, -mouthed. 
 
 flare-up, back. 
 
 flashboard. 
 
 flatbill, boat, -bottomed, -cap, fish, -footed, head, 
 -headed, iron, -top, worm. 
 
 flaxbird. bush, -plant, seed, weed. 
 
 fleabane. -beetle, -bite, -bitten, -louse, seed, 
 wort. 
 
 fleet-foot. 
 
 fleshmonger, pot. 
 ! fleur-de-lis. 
 ! flight-shot. 
 
 flimflam. 
 
 flint-hearted, lock, ware, wood. 
 
 flip-flap. 
 
 floorheads, walker. 
 
 flower-deduce, -fence, -gentle, pot. 
 
 fluoranthene, hydric. 
 ! flushboard. 
 
 flutemouth. 
 
 fluvio-marine. 
 
 ; flyaway, bane, -bitten, blow, blown, boat, -case, 
 catcher, -catching, eater, fish (n.), -fish (v.), 
 man, speck, tail, trap, -up-the-ereek, wort. 
 
 fogbow, dog, eater, fruit. 
 
 folklaiid, lore, mote. 
 
 foodstuffs. 
 
 fool-born, fish, hardihood, hardily, hardiness, 
 hardy, -hasty. 
 
 foolscap. 
 
 foot-acre, ball, band, bath, board, boy, breadth, 
 bridge, cloth, fall, fight, glove, halt, hill, hold, 
 hook, hot, licker, light, man, mark, note, pace, 
 pad, path, plate, -pound, -poundal, print, rope, 
 -second, -sore, stalk, stall, step, stone, stool, 
 -ton, way, worn. 
 
 forasmuch, ever. 
 
 fore (prefix) -night, -topgallant, -topmast, 
 -topsail; the rest are one word, except the fol- 
 lowing, which are two words: bay, body, boot, 
 bow, cabin, carriage, course, door, edge, elder, 
 end, girth, hammer, leg, peak, piece, plane, 
 rent, sheets, shore, sight (of a gun), tackle, 
 tooth, world. 
 ! forget-me-not. 
 
 forkbeard, tail, -tailed. 
 
 forth (prefix); all one word. 
 
 forty-knot, -niner, -skewer, -spot. 
 
 fowl-mouthed, -spoken. 
 
 fpundershaft. 
 
 four-cornered, -eyed,-eyes, fold, footed, handed, 
 -in-hand , -o'clock, pence, -poster, score, square, 
 -way, -wheeled, -wheeler. 
 
 foxbane, berry, earth, fish, glove, hound, 
 -hunting, like, tail. 
 
 fracto-cumulus, -nimbus, -stratus. 
 
 framework. 
 
 franc-tireur. 
 
 frank-chase, -fee, -ferm, -law, -marriage, 
 pledge, -tenant, tenure. 
 
 freeboard, booter, booting, born, -denizen, 
 -hand, -handed, -hearted, -heartedly, -heart- 
 edness, hold, holder, -liver, -living, -love, 
 -lover, man, -martin, mason, masonic, ma- 
 sonry, -milling, -minded, -select, -selection, 
 -selector, -soil, -soiler, -spoken, -spokenness, 
 stone, -swimmer, -swimming, thinker, think- 
 ing, -tongued, will (a.). 
 
 freedman. 
 
 freshman, -water (a.). 
 i fretwork. 
 ! frigate-built. 
 | frontiersman. 
 
 f rostbird, bite, -bitten, -blite, fish, plant, root, 
 
 weed, work, wort. 
 ! fugleman. 
 ; full (prefix); adjectives and adverbs take^the 
 
 hyphen. 
 I fundholder. 
 : funnelform. 
 
 G. 
 I gablock. 
 
 gad-about, bee, bush, fly, man, wall. 
 i gaff-topsail. 
 
USEFUL INFORMATION. 
 
 81 
 
 gainpain, say, saver. 
 
 gallfly, nut, stone, wort. 
 
 galvano (prefix) -caustic, -cautery, -magnetic^ 
 -puncture; the rest one word. 
 
 gamecock, keeper. 
 
 gang-flower, gang, way. 
 
 gapingstock. 
 
 gap-toothed. 
 
 garboard, fish. 
 
 garden-gate. 
 
 gas-burner, light, tight. 
 
 gatehouse, man, post, way. 
 
 gazingstock. 
 
 gentlefolk, -hearted, man, manhood, manlike, 
 manly, manliness, woman. 
 
 get-penny, -up. 
 
 getter-up. 
 
 ghostlike. 
 
 giddy-head, -headed, -paced. 
 
 gill-flirt, house. 
 
 gilt-edge, -edged, head, tail. 
 
 gimcrack. 
 
 gingerbread. 
 
 ginhouse, shop. 
 
 ginny-carriage. 
 
 girtline. 
 
 give-and-take. 
 
 glass-crab, eye, -faced, -gazing, house, -rope, 
 -snail, -snake, -sponge, ware, weed, work, wort. 
 
 globo-cumulus. 
 
 glowfly, lamp, worm. 
 
 gluepot. 
 
 gnatworm. 
 
 goatbush, fish, herd, like, root, skin, stone, 
 sucker, weed. 
 
 gobang, -between, -by, cart, -devil, down, -out. 
 
 godchild, daughter, father, mother, parent, send, 
 speed, wit. 
 
 God-fearing, head. 
 
 goggle-eye, -eyed. 
 
 gold-beating, -bound, crest, cup, finch, finny, 
 fish, -hammer, seed, smith, stone, tail, tit. 
 
 golden-eye, -eyed, -locks, pert, -rod, wing. 
 
 good-by, -fellowship, -humored, -humoredly, 
 -looking,man,-natured,-naturedlv,-tempered, 
 wife. 
 
 goody-goody. 
 
 gooseberry, fish, foot, -rumped, wing, winged, 
 grainfield. 
 
 grand aunt, child, daughter, -ducal, father, 
 fatherly, -guard, ma, mother, motherly, 
 nephew, niece, pa, pere, sire, son, uncle, 
 grape-eater, shot, stone, vine, 
 grasschat, -green, -grown, nut, hopper, plot. 
 graveclothes, digger, stone, yard. 
 gravelroot, stone, weed, 
 grayback, beard, fly,-haired, -headed, lag, pate 
 
 stone, wacke, wether. 
 
 great-bellied, coat, -grandchild, -granddaugh- 
 ter, -grandfather, -grandmother, -grandson 
 -hearted, -hearted ness, 
 greedy-gut. 
 
 greenback, backer, bone, -broom, cloth, -eyed, 
 finch, fish, gage, gill, grocer, head, hide, horn, 
 house, -leek, room, sand, sauce, shank, -stall, 
 stone, sward, weed, wing, withe, wood, 
 greyhound, 
 griddlecake. 
 gridiron, 
 grindstone, 
 gripsack, 
 gristmill, 
 gritrock, stone, 
 grogshop, 
 groomsman, 
 grosbeak, grain, 
 gross-headed, 
 grotto work. 
 
 groundberry, nut, work, 
 grulbstake, worm, 
 guardfish, house, room, 
 guesswork. 
 
 guideboard, book, post, 
 guildhall, 
 guilt-sick, 
 gumboil, sucker. 
 
 gunboat, bright, flint, lock, powder, reach, room, 
 shot, smith, smithery, smithing, stick, stock, 
 stone, 
 gittta-percha, -trap. 
 
 5112108 6 
 
 H. 
 
 hagberry, born, but, butter, fish, -ridden, seed 
 
 -taper, 
 ha-ha. 
 
 hail-fellow, shot, stone, storm, 
 hairbird, breadth, -brown, brush, cloth, dresser 
 pin, -salt, splitter, splitting, spring, streak, tail' 
 half-and-half, beak, -blooded, -boot, -bound, 
 -bred, -breed, -brother, -caste, cock, -cracked' 
 -deck, -decked, -faced, -fish, -hatchet, -heard, 
 -hearted, -hourly, -learned, -length, -mast! 
 -moon, pace, -penny, -pike, -port, -ray -read 
 -sighted, -sister, -strained, -sword, -timbered 
 -tone (a.), -tongue, way, -wit, -witted, -yearly, 
 hall-mark, way. 
 hamfatter, shackle, string. 
 hammer-beam, cloth, -dressed, -harden, head 
 man, wort. 
 
 handball, barrow, bill, book, breadth, cart 
 cloth, craft, craftsman, cuff, fast, fish, -hole, 
 kerchief^ made, maid, maiden, saw, spike 
 spring, -fight, wheel, -winged, writing. 
 
 handy-dandy, fight, gripe, stroke. 
 
 haiigbird, -by, dog, man, nail, nest, worm. 
 
 hanger-on. 
 
 haphazard. 
 
 hara-kiri. 
 
 hardbake, beam, -favoredness, fern, hack, head, 
 -headedness, -heartedness, mouth, pan, spun, 
 -tack, tail, ware; adjectives take hyphen 
 
 harebell, brained, foot, -hearted, hound, lip, 
 lipped. 
 
 harum-scarum. 
 
 harvest-home, man. 
 
 hatband, box, rack, stand, tree. 
 
 hatch-boat, way. 
 
 hausse-col. 
 
 haiitgout, pas. 
 
 hawkbill, bit, -eyed, weed. 
 
 hawser-laid. 
 
 haybird, bote, cock, -cutter, field, fork, loft 
 maiden, maker, making, mow, rack, rake rick 
 stack, stalk, thorn. 
 
 hazelnut, wort. 
 
 headache, band, board, borough, -cheese, dress, 
 first, foremost, fish, -hunter, -hunting, land, 
 light, line, long, -lugged, man, mold, most, note' 
 pan, piece, quarters, race, room, rope, sail, 
 shake, spring, stall, stock, stone, strong, strong- 
 ness, tire, waters, way, work 
 
 healall. 
 
 hearsay. 
 
 hearsecloth, like. 
 
 heartache, break, breaking, broken, burn 
 burned, burning, dear, deep, felt, grief, pea, 
 quake, rending, seed, shaped, sick, -spoon,' 
 stricken, strike, string, struck, swelling, wood, 
 wort; other adjectives take hyphen. 
 
 hearthstone. 
 
 heart' s-ease. 
 
 heathberry, clad. 
 
 heaven (prefix); adjectives take hyphen. 
 
 heavenly-minded, -mindedness. 
 
 heavy (prefix); adjectives take hyphen. 
 
 liedgeberry, born, bote. hog, pig, row. 
 
 heelball, fly, path, piece, post, spur, tap, tool. 
 
 hellbender, born, bred, brewed, broth, -cat 
 -diver, doomed, hag, -haunted, hoffite, hound, 
 kite. 
 
 helmet-shaped. 
 
 helmsman. 
 
 helmwind. 
 
 helpmate, meet. 
 
 helter-skelter. 
 
 hemstitch, stitched. 
 
 henbane, bit, coop, fish, -hearted, house, hussy 
 peck, roost, ware. 
 
 henceforth, forward. 
 
 heiiehboy, man. 
 
 hepato (prefix) -pancreas; the rest one word. 
 
 herdbook, groom, man. 
 
 herdsman, woman. 
 
 hereabout, after, afterward, at, by, in, inafter, 
 inbefore, into, of, on, to, tofore, unto, upon, with. 
 
 herringbone. 
 
 hetero-albumose, -infection; the rest one word 
 
 heyday. ' 
 
 hidden-veined. 
 
 hidebound. 
 
82 
 
 USEFUL INFORMATION. 
 
 high (prefix) binder, born, -boy, -churchism, 
 -churchman, -churchmanship, flier, flying, -go, | 
 -heartedness, -hoe, -holder, -hole, land, -low, 
 men, -mindedness, most, -priesthood, -priest- 
 ship, road, -stepper, -top, way; other adjectives 
 take hyphen. 
 Iiillberry, bird, side, top, wort. 
 
 liindberry, brain, gut. 
 
 hiphalt, -roofed, shot. 
 
 Hoarfrost, stone. 
 
 hobbyhorse. 
 
 hobgoblin, nail, nailed, nob. 
 
 hocus-pocus. 
 
 hodgepodge. 
 
 hoecake, mother. 
 
 hogback, chain, choker, cote, fish, frame, herd, 
 nose (a.), nut, pen, reeve, ringer, score, skin, i 
 sty, wash, weed, wort. 
 
 hogger-pipe, -pump. 
 
 hog's-back, -bane, -meat. 
 
 hogshead. 
 
 hoistaway, way. 
 
 hoity-toity. 
 
 holdback, fast. 
 
 holder-forth. 
 
 hollow-hearted, -horned, wort. 
 
 holyday, stone, wood. 
 
 homeborn, -bound, -bred, -coming, -driven, j 
 -dwelling, -felt, field, -keeping, like, made, 
 sick, sickness, -speaking, spun, stall, stead, 
 steader, ward. 
 
 honey-bag, bee, berry, bird, comb, combed, 
 dew, moon, -mouthed, stone, sucker, suckle, 
 suckled, -sweet, -tongued, ware, wort. 
 
 hoodcap, wink, wort. 
 
 hoodman-blind. 
 
 hoof bound. 
 
 hook-billed, -nosed. 
 
 hopbine, -o'-my-thumb, scotch, -thumb, yard. 
 
 hornbeak, beam, bill, blende, blower, book, bug, 
 fish, fly, foot, -mad, owl, pike, pipe, plant, pout, 
 snake, stone, tail, weed, work, worm, wort, 
 wrack. 
 
 horny-handed, head. 
 
 horror-stricken, -struck. 
 
 horseback, bane, -chestnut, -drench, fish, flesh, 
 fly, foot, hair, head, heal, hide, hoof, -jockey, 
 knop, laugh, -leech, -leechery, -litter, man, 
 mint, nail, play, pond, power, -radish, rake, 
 shoe, shoer, shoeing, tail, weed, whip, woman, i 
 wood, worm. 
 
 hostess- ship. 
 
 hotbed, -blooded, -brained, cockles, foot, -head, ! 
 -headed, house, -livered, -mouthed, press, 
 pressed, -short, -spirited, spur, spurred. 
 
 hotel-de-ville, -dieu. 
 
 houndfish. 
 
 hourglass. 
 
 housebote, breaker, breaking, builder, carl, 
 hold, holder, keeper, keeping, leek, line, maid, 
 mate, room, warming, wife, wifely, wifery, 
 work, wright. 
 
 howbeit, ever, soever. 
 
 huckle-backed, berry. 
 
 humblebee. 
 
 humpback, backed, -shouldered. 
 
 hunchback, backed. 
 
 hundredfold, weight. 
 
 huntsman. 
 
 hurdleman, work. 
 
 hurdy-gurdy. 
 
 hurly-burly. 
 
 husbandman. 
 
 hydra-tainted. 
 
 hydro (prefix) -electric, -extractor; the rest 
 one word. 
 
 hypo-isotonic; the rest one word. 
 
 I. 
 
 Iceberg, bird, bound, -built, fall, man, quake. 
 
 icy-pearled. 
 
 ideo (prefix) -motion, -motor; rest one word. 
 
 ihlang-ihlang. 
 
 lleo-ileostomy; the rest one word. 
 
 ill-favoredly, -favoredness, -naturedly, -na- 
 turedness, treat, -wisher; adjectives take hy- 
 phen. 
 
 imber-goose. 
 
 imp- pole. 
 
 In (English prefix) -going; the rest one word. 
 
 incense- breathing. 
 
 Inchmeal, pin, worm. 
 
 Inclto-motor, -mptory. 
 
 Infra (prefix) -axillary, -red; the rest one word. 
 
 inhibitory-motor. 
 
 iiikfish, horn, stand, stone. 
 
 Innholder, keeper, yard. 
 
 ironbark, bound, clad, heads, master, monger, 
 mongery, sides, smith, stone, ware, weed, wood, 
 work, wort; other adjectives take hyphen. 
 
 ivory-bill, type. 
 
 ivy-mantled. 
 
 J. 
 
 jack-a-daiidy, -a-lent, ass, -at-a-pinch, -at-all- 
 trades, -at-the-hedge, bird, -by-the-hedge, 
 daw, -in-a-box, -in-office, -in-ttie-bush, -in- 
 the-green, -in-the-hedge,-in-the-pulpit, knife, 
 man, -of-the-buttery, -of-the-clock, -o'-lan- 
 tern, -on-both-sides, -out-of-office, pudding, 
 saw, screw, slave, smith, snipe, stay, stone, 
 straw, -with-a-lantern, wood, 
 jambone. 
 
 anus-faced, -headed. 
 
 arfly, nut, -owl. 
 
 awbone, -fall, -fallen, foot. 
 
 ayhawker. 
 
 erry-builder, -built. 
 
 et-black. 
 
 ill-flirt. 
 , im-crow. 
 
 obbernowl. 
 
 ohnadreams, -apple. 
 
 ohiinycake, -jump-up. 
 
 oint-fir, -grass, -snake, weed, worm. 
 
 oily-boat, tail. 
 
 ourneyman, work. 
 
 udge-advocate, -advocate-general. 
 .Fura-trias, -triassic. 
 juryman, -rigged. 
 
 K. 
 
 keelbill, fat, haul, man, rake, son. 
 
 keepsake. 
 
 kelpfish, ware, wort. 
 
 kentledge. 
 
 kettledrum, drummer. 
 
 keyboard, -cold, hole, note, seat, stone, way. 
 
 kickup. 
 
 kidney-form, -shaped, worm, wort. 
 
 killdeer, -joy. 
 
 ki In-dry, hole. 
 
 kind-hearted, -heartedness. 
 
 king-at-arms, bird, bolt, craft, cup, fish, fisher, 
 
 -post, -rod. 
 
 kinsfolk, man, woman, 
 kipskin. 
 
 kirkman, yard, 
 kitchenmaid. 
 kiteflier, flying, 
 kneebrush, cap, -crooking, -deep, -high, joint, 
 
 jointed, pan, piece, 
 kiiifeboard, -edge. 
 
 knight-errant, -errantry, -erratic, head, 
 kiiotoberry, stick, weed. 
 
 knockabout, away, down, -knee, -kneed, stone, 
 kiiotberry, grass, horn, weed, wort. 
 kiio%v-all, -nothing, -nothingism. 
 knucklebone, 
 kohl-rabi. 
 
 L. 
 
 lace-bark, man, wing, -winged. 
 
 lackadaisy, aday, brain, luster. 
 
 lac work. 
 
 ladybird, bug, clock, fish, -killer, -killing, like, 
 love. 
 
 lake-dweller, weed. 
 
 lambale, kill, like, skin. 
 
 lampblack, fly, light, lighter, -post, wick. 
 
 landfall, flood, grave, holder, holding, lady, 
 lock, locked, lord, lubber, man, mark, owner, 
 owning, -poor, reeve, scape, slip, slide, waiter. 
 
 lantern-jawed. 
 
USEFUL INFORMATION. 
 
 83 
 
 lapboard, dog, -jointed, stone, streak, -welded, 
 
 wing, work. 
 
 large-acred, -handed, -hearted, -heartedness. 
 lasslorn. 
 
 latchkey, string, 
 lath-shaped, work, 
 lathereeve. 
 latticework, 
 laughworthy. 
 laughingstock, 
 laundryman. 
 law-abiding, breaker, breaking, giver, giving, 
 
 maker, making, monger, suit, 
 lawyerlike. 
 layman, stall, 
 lazyback, bones, 
 leadbeater, wort, 
 leadsman. 
 
 leafcup, stalk; adjectives take hyphen, 
 lean-faced, -to, -witted. 
 leapfrog. 
 
 leasehold, holder, holding, 
 leave-taking, 
 leeboard, way. 
 leechcraft, eater. 
 
 left-handedness; adjectives take hyphen-, 
 leg-of-mutton (a.). 
 lego-literary, 
 let-alone, -off, -up. 
 letterleaf, press, wood, 
 lickpenny, -spittle, 
 lie-de-vin. 
 lieno-intestinal. 
 lieutenant-colonel, -commander, -general, 
 
 -governor. 
 
 liieblood, boat, -giving, hold, like, likeness, long, 
 mate, -preserver, -preserving, -saver, -saving, 
 -size, spring, string, time, -weary, 
 light-boat, -headedness, -heartedly, -hearted- 
 ness, -horseman, -house, man, -mindedness, 
 -o'-love, room, -ship, -vessel, wood; adjectives 
 take hyphen, 
 lighterman, 
 lignum-vitse 
 like-minded. 
 
 lily-handed, -livered, wort, 
 limehound, kiln, stone, -twigged, wash (v.), 
 
 water, 
 linchpin, 
 lineman. 
 
 linkboy, man, work, 
 linsey-woolsey. 
 
 lioiifish, -heart, -hearted, like, 
 liquidambar. 
 listwork. 
 
 live-forever, long. 
 
 liverleaf, wort; adjectives take hyphen, 
 liveryman, 
 loadstar, stone, 
 loanmonger. 
 
 lobcock, scouse, sided, worm, 
 lobefoot, -footed. 
 
 lock-down, jaw, man, out, smith, up, -weir. 
 loco; all one word except loco weed, 
 lode-ship, 
 lodgepine, pole, 
 log-chip, cock, fish, man, roll, roller, rolling, 
 
 -ship, wood. 
 
 loggerhead, headed, heads, 
 longbeak, beard, boat, bow, hand, -headedness, 
 horn, jaw, leaf, -leaved, legs, nose, shanks, 
 shore, shoreman, -sight, -sightedness, spun, 
 spur, -stop, -sufferance, -suffering, tail, -tongue, 
 ways, -windedness, wise; other adjectives take 
 hyphen. 
 
 lookdown, out. 
 looker-on, 
 looking-glass, 
 loophole, holed, light, 
 lopseed; adjectives one word, 
 lotus-eater. 
 
 loud-mouthed, -voiced, 
 loup-cervier, -garou,-loup. 
 louseberry, wort. 
 
 loveflower, -in-a-mist, -in-idleness -lies-bleed- 
 ing, lock, lorn, -making, -sick, -sickness, 
 loving-kindness. 
 
 lowbell, born, -boy, bred, -church, -churchism, 
 -churchman, -churchmanship, land, lander, 
 -lived, -minded, -mindedness, -necked, -pres- 
 sure, -spirited, -spiritedness, -studded, 
 -thoughted. 
 
 lower-case, 
 lozenge-shaped, 
 lugmark, sail, worm, 
 lute-backed, string, 
 lying-in, 
 lynx-eyed. 
 
 M. 
 
 macro-chemistry. 
 
 mad-apple, brain, brained, cap, -headed, house 
 man, stone, weed, wort. 
 
 magneto (prefix) -electric, -electricity, -optic 
 -optics; the rest one word. 
 
 maidpale, servant. 
 
 maidenhair, head, like. 
 
 mail-cheeked, clad, -shell. 
 
 main-gauche, -hamper, land, mast, pin, sail 
 sheet, spring, stay, top. 
 
 major-domo, -general. 
 
 make-belief, -believe, -game, -peace, shift 
 -up, weight. 
 
 making-iron, -up. 
 
 maltman, worm. 
 
 mammato-cumulus. 
 
 manbote, -eater, hole, -of-the-earth, -of- war, 
 root,/ rope, servant, slaughter, slayer, stealer 
 stealing, trap, way. 
 
 mangel-wurzel. 
 
 mantelpiece, shelf, tree. 
 
 manyplies, root; the rest take hyphen. 
 
 maplike. 
 
 marblehead, wood; the rest take hyphen 
 
 marchman, -ward. 
 
 mare's-nest, -tail. 
 
 marlberry, pit, stone. 
 
 inarro wbone, fat. 
 
 marshbanker, fish, flower, wort 
 
 mar-text. 
 
 masthead, house. 
 
 masterpiece, singer, wort. 
 
 matfelon, weed. 
 
 match-cloth, -coat, lock, maker, making 
 
 matter-of-fact (a.). 
 
 maul-stick. 
 
 maxillo-mandibular, -palatine; the rest one 
 word. 
 
 maybe, bird, bloom, bush, cock, fish, flower, hap 
 pole, pop, weed, wort. 
 
 meadowsweet, wort. 
 
 mealberry, time. 
 
 mealy-mouthed, -mouthedness. 
 
 mean-spirited, -spiritedness, time, while. 
 
 mechanico-chemical. 
 
 medico-legal. 
 
 medium-sized. 
 
 meetinghouse. 
 
 men-pleaser. 
 
 merchantman. 
 
 merestead, stone. 
 
 merry-andrew, -go-round, make, maker, mak- 
 ing, meeting, thought, wing. 
 
 meseems. 
 
 messmate. 
 
 metalammonium, man, organic. 
 
 metecorn, wand. 
 
 metergram. 
 
 methylamine. 
 
 mezzo-rilievo, -soprano, tint, tinter, tinto. 
 
 micaceo-calcareous. 
 
 micro (prefix) -chemical, -chemistry, -geolog- 
 ical, -geology, -millimeter, -organism, -photo- 
 graph; the rest one word. 
 
 mid-age, -air, brain, -center, -channel, day, 
 feather, gut, heaven, land, lent, main, night, 
 -ocean, radius, rib, ship, ships, -styled, summer, 
 watch, way, week, wife, wifery, winter. 
 
 middle-age, -aged, -ground, man. 
 
 milepost, stone, 
 militiaman. 
 
 milk-fish, -livered, maid, man, sop, weed, wort. 
 
 millboard, -cake, dam, rind, -sixpence, stone, 
 
 work, wright. 
 mince-meat. 
 
 minute-jack, man. 
 
 mischief-maker, -making. 
 
 miterwort. 
 
 mizzenmast. 
 
 mobcap. 
 
 mockbird. 
 
 mockingstock. 
 
USEFUL INFORMATION. 
 
 moldboard, warp. 
 
 molebut, cast, -eyed, hill, skin. 
 
 money-maker, -making, wort. 
 
 monkey-bread, -cup, -pot, tail. 
 
 monkfish, flower. 
 
 monkshood. 
 
 111011 o-ideism; the rest one word. 
 
 moiite-acid, -jus. 
 
 moonbeam, blind, blink, calf, -culminating, 
 -eye, -eyed, -faced, fish, flower, glade, light, 
 lighter, 'lit, raker, rise, sail, seed, set, shine, 
 shiner, shiny, stone, stricken, struck, wort. 
 
 moot-hall, -house, -hill, man. 
 
 mopboard, stick. 
 
 mope-eyed, hawk. 
 
 moreland, over, pork. 
 
 morning-glory, tide. 
 
 mossback, banker, -grown, head, trooper, wort. 
 
 moth-eat, -eaten. 
 
 mother-in-law, land, -naked, -of-pearl, -of- 
 thyme, wort. 
 
 motley-minded. 
 
 moil tli-footed, -made, piece, root. 
 
 muddlehead, -headed. 
 
 muddy-headed, -mettled. 
 
 mulberry-faced. 
 
 muscle-bound. 
 
 mushroom-headed. 
 
 muskflower, melon, rat, wood. 
 
 muzzle-loader, -loading, wood. 
 
 N. 
 
 nailbrush, -headed, wort. 
 
 namby-pamby. 
 
 namesake. 
 
 nap-taking. 
 
 narrow (prefix), all take hyphen. 
 
 navel-string, wort. 
 
 navy-yard. 
 
 near-legged, sighted, sightedness. 
 
 neatherd. 
 
 neat's-foot (a.). 
 
 neckband, cloth, lace, laced, land, mold, plate, 
 tie, wear, weed. 
 
 iieedlebook, bush, case, fish, -pointed, stone, 
 tail, woman, work. 
 
 ne'er-do-well. 
 
 negrohead. 
 
 iieo (prefix) takes hyphen when followed by 
 cap; otherwise one word. 
 
 nerve-shaken. 
 
 netfish, veined, work. 
 
 nevermore, theless. 
 
 newcomer, model; adjectives all one word ex- 
 cept -year. 
 
 newsboy, -letter, man, monger, paper, room, 
 -vender, -writer. 
 
 nig-gerfish, head, toe. 
 
 nightcap, dress, fall, gown, jar, long, man, 
 mare, shade, shirt, time; adjectives take hy- 
 phen. 
 
 nine-bark, -eyes, fold, holes, -killer, pence, pins, 
 score. 
 
 ninnyhammer. 
 
 nipplewort. 
 
 niiro (prefix) -chloroform: the rest one word. 
 
 nobody, -man's land,, way, where, whither, wise. 
 
 nobleman, -minded, -mindedness, woman. 
 
 nogglehead. 
 
 nol-pros (v.). 
 
 noli-me-tangere. 
 
 non-ego, -feasance, -pros (v.); the rest one word 
 unless followed by cap. 
 
 nonesuch. 
 
 noonday, -flower, tide. 
 
 northbound, east, easter, easterly, eastern, east- 
 ward, eastwardly, west, wester, westerly, west- 
 ern, westward, westwardly. 
 
 nosebag, band, bleed, burn, fish, gay, smart. 
 
 notwheat, withstanding. 
 
 notch board, weed. 
 
 notebook, worthy. 
 
 nowadays. 
 
 nursehound, maid, pond. 
 
 nurseryman. 
 
 iiutbreaker, -brown, cracker, gall, hatch, hook, 
 jobber, pecker, shell. 
 
 0. 
 
 oarfish, foot, ^footed, lap, lock, weed. 
 
 oarsman. 
 
 oatcake, meal. 
 
 oathbreaking. 
 
 oblique-angled. 
 
 obtuse-angled, -angular. 
 
 occipito-axial, -mastoid. 
 
 odd-pinnate. 
 
 eil-de-boeuf, -de-perdrix. 
 
 off' (prefix); all one word. 
 
 officeholder. 
 
 oftentimes. 
 
 ofttimes. 
 
 ohmmeter. 
 
 ollbird, clofh, fish, man, nut, sed, skin, stone. 
 
 old (prefixf-maidism, -womanishness; adjec- 
 tives take hyphen. 
 
 oliveback, wood. 
 
 olla-podrida. 
 
 omnium-gatherum. 
 
 on-hanger, -looker, -looking, rush, set, to. 
 
 oneberry, self, -sidedly, -sidedness; adjectives 
 take.hyphen. 
 
 onionskin. 
 
 openbill, -handedness, -heartedly, -hearted- 
 ness, work; adjectives take hyphen. 
 
 operameter. 
 
 orangeman, root, -tawny. 
 
 orang-outang. 
 
 ord nance-sergean t. 
 
 otherguise, where, while, wise. 
 
 out (prefix) bound, -patient; the rest one word 
 unless followed by cap,or,adjectively, by "of," 
 in which case use hyphen. 
 
 ovate (prefix), all words take hyphen. 
 
 ovenbird. 
 
 over (prefix) -arm, -busy, -garment, -sea (a.), 
 sea (adv.); the rest one word. 
 
 oversman. 
 
 owl-eyed, light. 
 
 oxbane, bird, biter, bow, eye, -eyed, fly, gang, 
 goad, head, heal, heart, hide, horn, like, lip, 
 pecker, shod, tongue. 
 
 oyster-green. 
 
 P. 
 
 packhouse, man* way. 
 
 paddlecock, fish, wo'od. 
 
 palnstaker, taking, worthy. 
 
 paleface. 
 
 pallbearer, -mall. 
 
 Pan-American, -Anglican. 
 
 pan, all one word, except pan fish. 
 
 panel work. 
 
 panic-stricken, -struck. 
 
 papier-mache'. 
 
 para-ansesthesia; the rest one word. 
 
 party-coated, -colored. 
 
 passageway. 
 
 passer-by. 
 
 pass-key, man, over, -parole, port, word. 
 
 Passiontide. 
 
 pasteboard . 
 
 patchhead, work. 
 
 patent-hammered. 
 
 paternoster. 
 
 pathfinder, maker, way. 
 
 patrolman. 
 
 pattypan. 
 
 pawnbroker, broking. 
 
 paymaster. 
 
 paymaster-general. 
 
 peabird, chick, cock, fowl, grit, hen, -jacket, 
 
 nut, stone. 
 
 peacebreaker, breaking, maker, making, 
 peachblow, -colored, wood, wort. 
 pearlash. berry, bush, -eyed, fish, fruit, stone, 
 
 wort. 
 
 pear-shaped, 
 peascod, weep, 
 peau-d' orange, 
 pebblestone, ware, 
 peelhouse. 
 peephole, 
 pellmell (adv.). 
 
USEFUL INFORMATION. 
 
 85 
 
 pencraft, fish, holder, knife, man, rack, stock 
 tail, trough, wiper, woman 
 enny-a-liner royal, weight, wort, worth, 
 penthouse, roof, stock 
 pepperbrand, corn, grass, mint, wort. 
 pepsinhydrochloric. 
 peri-esophageal, the rest one word. 
 Permo-Carboniferous. 
 pesthouse. 
 pe term an, wort, 
 pettychaps, wind. 
 phenylamine, auramine. 
 phosphor-bronze. 
 
 photo (prefix) -electric, -electricity, -electro- 
 graph, -electrotype, -engrave, -engraving, -epi- 
 nasty, -etch, -etching; the rest onl word 
 physico (prefix) -mathematics, -philosophy 
 
 .-theology; the rest one word, 
 pia-matral. 
 pianoforte, 
 pickaback, aninny, ax, back, -fault, lock maw 
 
 mire pack, penny, pocket, purse, thank, 
 piebald, man, plant, poudre 
 piecemeal, mealed, work 
 pierhead. 
 
 piezo-electric, -electricity, 
 pig-eyed, face, fish, foot, -headed, -headedness 
 -jawed, nut, pen, skin, -sticking, sty tail' 
 tailed, weed, widgeon. 
 
 P toed n ~ breaSted) foot> ~ hearted ' hole.-livered, 
 
 pikeman, staff, tail. 
 
 pile worm, -worn, wort. 
 
 pillowcase. 
 
 pin bush cushion, -eyed, feather, feathered, -fire, 
 
 pince-nez hold ' patch ' tail, -tailed, weed, worm! 
 
 pinchcock, fist, penny. 
 
 pineapple, -clad, -crowned, drops, finch, sap 
 
 W(3GQ, 
 
 pink-eyed, fish, root.-sterned, weed, wood. 
 pipeclay (v.), fish, layer, laying, mouth, stem 
 
 stone, vine, wood, wort, 
 pissabed. asphalt. 
 >Hapat fall, falling, -hole, man, pan. 
 pitch-black, blende, -dark, -faced, fork -ore 
 
 stone, work, 
 placeman, -proud. 
 
 plain-lreartedness, tail; adjectives take hyphen 
 plainsman, 
 plane-parallel, 
 planet-stricken, -struck, 
 plank-sheer, 
 plano-concave, -conical, -convex, -horizontal 
 
 -orbicular, subulate, 
 plant-cane, -eating, 
 plasterwork. 
 platter-faced, 
 playbill, book, day, fellow, game, goer, 
 
 pleasant-tongued. 
 
 pleuro-pneumonia; the rest one word 
 
 plot-proof. 
 
 plowbote, boy, foot, gang, gate, head, land, 
 
 man, point, share, tail, wright 
 plutomania. 
 Plt-broken, mark, marked, -pitted, -pudding, 
 
 poeketbook, knife. 
 
 point-blank, -device. 
 
 pointingstock. 
 
 pointsman. 
 
 pokebag, root, weed. 
 
 poking-stick. 
 
 poleax, cat, star, wig. 
 
 policeman. 
 
 polygamo-dioecious. 
 
 pondfish, weed. 
 
 pooh-pooh. 
 
 poorbox, house, -John, -spirited, -spiritedness 
 
 -will, -willie. 
 popeye, gun. 
 poppy head, 
 portcrayon, fire, folio, hole, hook, man reeve 
 
 -royalist, way. 
 
 Porte-bonheur.-cochere, feuille,-lumiere,mon- 
 porterhouse. 
 
 post-abdomen, -captain, -disseizin, -disseizor 
 -fine, -Glacial, -mortem, -Nicene, -obit, -office' 
 -partum, -Pliocene, -road, -temporal, -Tertiarv' 
 -tonic, -tragus, -tympanic; the rest one word ' 
 
 postmaster-general. 
 
 p k lle ' as V au ~ feu '~ bellied ' -belly, boiler, boy 
 hole, hook, house, latch, lid, luck, man pie' 
 pourri, sherd, stone, -valiant, -walloper. 
 
 pouch-mouthed, -shell. 
 
 Pound-breach, cake, -degree, -foot, keeper, 
 
 pousse-cafe. 
 
 powder-down (a.), flask, horn, mill, -posted. 
 
 praise-meeting, worthily, worthiness, worthy 
 
 pressman, pack, work. 
 
 pretty-face, -spoken. 
 
 prick-eared, madam, punch, wood 
 
 pncking-up. 
 
 priestcap, craft, fish, -ridden 
 
 princelike, wood. 
 
 princesslik'e. 
 
 printshop. 
 
 prittle-prattle. 
 
 privateersman. 
 
 prizeman. 
 
 probe-pointed. 
 
 prompt-book, -note. 
 
 prongbuck, -hoe, horn. 
 
 prool-arm, -proof. 
 
 pros! a very. 
 
 proto-aibumose, -Doric, -elastose, -organism- 
 the rest one word. 
 
 provost-marshal, -marshal-general. 
 
 pseudo-angle, -apostle, -bulb, -bulbil, -china 
 -clergy, -cone, -corneous, -costate, -cumene 
 -diphtheritic, -dipteral, -distance, -episcopacv 
 -loliaceous,-form, -galena,-genus, -heart -hex- 
 agonal, -hypertrophic, -malachite, -martyr 
 -membrane,-membranous,-metallic,-monocot- 
 yledpnous, -parenchyma, -perianth, -periodic 
 -peripteral, -philosopher, -romantic, -siphon, 
 -siphuncle, -symmetric, -symmetry, -xanthin- 
 the rest one word, 
 psittaco-fulvine. 
 psycho-motor. 
 
 public (prefix), all take hyphen, 
 puckball, fist. 
 pudding-headed. 
 puddle-ball, -bar. 
 puflTball, -leg, legged, 
 pug-faced, -nosed, 
 pullback, down, 
 pulpstone. 
 puntabout. 
 puppetman. 
 pure-impure. 
 purpleheart, wood, 
 purse-gilled, -proud, 
 pushpin, 
 putlog, -off, -up. 
 putter-on, 
 putty-faced, root, 
 puzzle-headed, 
 pygmyweed. 
 
 Q, 
 
 quagmire. 
 
 quarry-faced, man. 
 
 quarter-deck, foil, hung, man, master, pace 
 
 -phase, -saw, staff, -tenses. 
 
 quartermaster; official names take the hy- 
 phen. 
 
 quater-cousin, -tenses. 
 
 quickbeam, hatch, lime, sand, -scented set 
 -sighted, -sightedness,silver,silvered, silvering' 
 step, -witted, -wittedness, work, 
 quillback, wort, 
 quincewort. 
 quinsy wort. 
 
 quiiituple-nerVed, -ribbed, 
 quitclaim, rent. 
 
 R. 
 
 rabbitmouth, -mouthed, root. 
 
 rabble-rout. 
 
 raceabout. 
 
86 
 
 USEFUL INFORMATION. 
 
 rackabones, arock, -rent, -renter, tail, work. 
 
 radio-active,-activity,-carpal,flagellata,meter 
 metric, -micrometer, -muscular, phone, -ulnar. 
 raffish man picker, weed, work, worm, wort, 
 rainbow, bowed, drop, fall, -tight, 
 rakehell, stale, -vein, 
 ramline, pick, rod, shackle, 
 rap-full, 
 rarebit, ripe, 
 raree-show, 
 raspberry. 
 
 raffish, lines, -tail, -tailed, -trap (a.). 
 
 ratsbane, baned. 
 
 rattlebox, -brained, -down, head, -headed, 
 
 pate, -pated, snake, trap, weed, wings, wort, 
 rawboned, head, hide, 
 razorback. -backed, bill. 
 
 re (prefix for again) -ally, -collect, -cover, 
 -create, -creation, -creative, -ferment, -form, 
 -formation, -lease, -let, -mark, -present, -pres- 
 entation, -press, -reiterate, -resolve, -search, 
 -sign, -sound, -store, -treat, -turn; the rest one 
 word. 
 
 ready-made, -witted. 
 
 rear-admiral, -horse, mouse, ward (n.). 
 
 recto-uterine, -vaginal, -vesical. 
 
 redback belly, berry, bird, breast, buck, bud, 
 cap, coat, eye, fin, finch, fish, -gum, -hand, 
 -handed, head, hoop, horn, -hot, knees, leg, 
 legs, -letter, mouth, poll, -riband, root, sear, 
 shank, -short, skin, start, streak, tail, -tailed, 
 -tape (a.), -tapism, -tapist, throat, top, ware. 
 weed, wing, withe, wood. 
 
 reedbird, buck, -mace, work. 
 
 reef -band. 
 
 remainder-man. 
 
 renal-portal. 
 
 rendrock. 
 
 rep-silver. 
 
 resino-electric. 
 
 rest-harrow. 
 
 rez-de-chausse. 
 
 rhinestone. 
 
 rhodeswood. 
 
 rhomboid-ovate. 
 
 rib-band, roast, wort, 
 
 ricebird, flower, -shell. 
 
 rick rack, stand. 
 
 ridgeband, piece, plate, pole, rope. 
 
 riffraff. 
 
 ritlebird, man. 
 
 right-about, -angled, -hand, -handed, -hand- 
 edness, -hearted, -heartedness.-lined, -minded, 
 
 -mindedness, -running, 
 rimbase, -fire. 
 
 rinibark! bill, bird, bolt, bone, dove. -eye, head, 
 fish, fowl, leader, man, master, neck, -necked, 
 sail! straked, -streaked, tail, -tailed, toss, worm. 
 
 ripple-marked. 
 
 riprap, sack, saw. 
 
 riverside, weed. 
 
 rix-dollar. 
 
 roach-backed. 
 
 roadbed, maker, side, stead, way, weed. 
 
 robe-de-chambre. 
 
 rockfish, hair, rose, sucker, weed, wood, work. 
 
 rocking-chair, -horse, -stone. 
 
 rodman, wood. 
 
 roebuck, deer, stone. 
 
 rolling-pin. 
 
 rollway. 
 
 roily-poly, -pooly. 
 
 rooftree. 
 
 roommate. 
 
 rootcap, stock, worm. 
 
 ropeband, bark, dancer, dancing, walk, walker, 
 way, -yarn. 
 
 ro^sebav, bill', 'bud, bush, -colored, -cut, drop 
 finch 'fish, head, hill, mary, -pink, -red, -rial, 
 root, -water (a.) , wood, worm, wort. 
 
 roughcast, caster, draw, dry -footed, -grained, 
 head hew, hewer, hewn, leg, -legged, rider, 
 scuff, setter, shod, strings, tail, wing, work, 
 wrought. 
 
 roughing-in. 
 
 roundabout, -arm (a.), -backed, fish head, 
 headed, house, ridge, -shouldered, tail, top, 
 -up, worm. 
 
 roundsman. 
 
 i roustabout. 
 
 rowboat, lock, port. 
 i rutoblestone, work. 
 
 rubstone. 
 
 i rudderhead, hole, post, stock. 
 I rule-monger. 
 
 : runabout, -around, away, fish, -off, round, way. 
 1 runghead. 
 
 rush-bearing, light, like. 
 
 ruta-baga. 
 
 s. 
 
 salberbill, tooth, -toothed, wing, 
 sacculo-cochlear, -utricular. 
 sackbut, cloth, clothed, -winged, 
 saddleback, -backed, bags, bow, cloth, nose, 
 rock, -shaped, tree. 
 
 sale-conduct, -edged, guard, -keeping, -pledge. 
 
 sagebrush, bush, rose, wood. 
 
 sailboat, cloth, fish, maker, making. 
 
 salacetol, band, eratus. 
 
 salesman, woman. 
 
 salewort. 
 
 saltbush,' cat, cellar, foot, -green, mouth, wort, 
 salverform, -shaped. 
 
 landbagger, -blind, fish, glass, hiller, lot (a.), 
 man, necker, paper, peep, piper, pit, stay, stone, 
 weed, wood, worm, wort. 
 
 sans-Tulotte, -culottic, -cullotism, -souci. 
 saphead, skull, wood, 
 satlnbush, wood, 
 sauce-alone, box, pan. 
 
 sowbelly, bill, bones, buck, dust, fish fly, horn 
 horse, mill, -set, tooth, -toothed, -whet, -wort, 
 
 -wrest. 
 
 IJaleback^beam, board, fish, foot, tail, -winged. 
 
 scallop-shell (a.). 
 
 scaly-winged. 
 
 scapegallows, goat, grace, -wheel. 
 
 scarecrow. 
 
 scarf-skin. 
 
 scarletseed. 
 
 scatter-brain, -brained, good. 
 
 sceneman, shifter. 
 
 scentwopd. 
 
 sclioolbook boy, dame, fellow, girl, house, 
 ma'am maid, man, master, mate, mistress, 
 room, -ship, -teacher, -teaching. 
 
 scot-free. 
 
 scotch -hopper. 
 
 seourfish, way. 
 
 scrag-necked. 
 
 scrapbook. 
 
 scrapepenny. 
 
 scratchback, brush, weed, work. 
 
 screw-cutting, -driver, stem. 
 
 scrutoboard, grass, stone. 
 
 scythemau, stone, whet. 
 
 sea-bar, beach, beard, berry, -blubber board 
 bound, coast, -ear, farer, faring, -gate, girt, 
 eoing -longworm, -maid, -mall, man, mark, 
 -mell,' -orb, -pen, piece, port quake, scape, 
 shell, shore, sick, sickness, side ware, \\a>, 
 weed, wife, worthiness, worthy; adjectwes i 
 given take hyphen. 
 ; seamanlike. 
 
 I sealbird, -brown, skin, wort. 
 | searchlight. 
 
 ! le^ondlclass (a.), -first, -foot, hand, -rate, 
 
 -sight, -sighted. 
 ; secreto-inhibitory, -motor, -motory. 
 
 secundo-geniture. 
 
 see-bright, catch, caw, saw, see. 
 
 seedbox, cake, cod, -lac, lip, lop, time. 
 ; seedsman. 
 
USEFUL INFORMATION. 
 
 seek-no-further, -sorrow, 
 seerfish, hand, 
 selectman. 
 
 self (prefix) same; all the rest take hyphen. 
 semi (prefix), all one word, except where fol- 
 lowed by cap, in which case use hyphen, 
 sensori-motor, -volitional, 
 sergeant-at-arms, -major, 
 serio-comic. 
 
 serpeiit-tongued, wood, 
 serrats-ciliate, -dentate, 
 serum-therapy, 
 servo-motor, 
 sessile-eyed 
 setback, bolt, down, -fair, -off, out, -stitched 
 
 -to, -up. 
 settervvort. 
 seven-eyes, fold, holes, night,, score, -shooter, 
 
 -thirties, -up. 
 
 shadberry, bird, fly, -spirit, -waiter, working, 
 shadefish, tail, 
 shagbark, -haired, -rag. 
 shakedown. 
 
 shallow (prefix), adjectives take hvphen 
 shamefaced, fast, flower, -proof, 
 shard-borne. 
 
 sharebeam, bone, broker, holder, wort. 
 sharp-cut, aw, -set, shooter, shooting, -sighted 
 
 -sightedness, tail, -witted. 
 shatter-brained, -pated. 
 she-balsam, -bear, -cat, -oak, -pine, sole 
 sheepback, berry, cot, -faced, fold, -headed, 
 hook, kill, master, men, rack, shank -sick 
 -shearer, -shearing, skin, split, 
 sheerwater. 
 shellapple, bark, fish, head, -less, proof, work 
 
 worm. 
 
 shield-bearer, drake, -shaped, tail 
 shill-I-shal-I. 
 shilly-shally, 
 shinglewood. 
 shinhopple, plaster. 
 
 shipboard, builder, building, holder, load, mas- 
 ter, mate, owner, -rigged, shape, worm, wreck 
 wright, yard, 
 shireman. 
 shiver-spar. 
 
 shockdog, -head, -headed, 
 shoebill, black, horn, maker, making 
 shoeinghorn. 
 
 shop (prefix), all one word, 
 shore weed. 
 
 shortcake, -circuit (v.), clothes, coming, hand 
 head, horn, leaf, -leaved, neck, sighted, stop 
 wing; other adjectives take hyphen 
 shot-clog, gun, -proof, 
 shoulder-shotten. 
 
 shovelbill, board, fish, head, nose, -nosed, 
 showbread, man, room, 
 shrill-gorged, -tongued. 
 shroud-laid. 
 Shrovetide. 
 
 shuffleboard, cap, wing, 
 shuttlecock, 
 .sick-brained. 
 
 sieklebill, man, weed, wort, 
 sideboard, bone, hill, long, piece,saddle,-taking, 
 
 track (v.), walk, -wheel, windei, wiper, 
 siege work, 
 sigh -born. 
 
 sight-hole, proof, -seeing, -seer, -shot, 
 sightsman. 
 signalman, 
 signboard, post. . 
 
 silkman, -stocking (a.), weed, wood, worm. 
 Siluro-Celtic. 
 
 silverback, belly, berry, bill, billy, boom, -eye, 
 fin, fish, -rod, sides, smith, spot, tail, tip, tongue, 
 vine, ware, weed; adjectives take hyphen, 
 simple-hearted, -minded, -mindedness. 
 simon-pure, 
 sing-sing, -song. 
 
 singlebar, -foot, -heartedly, -loader, -phaser, 
 stick, thorn, ton, tree; adjectives take hyphen, 
 sister-in-law, 
 sitfast. 
 
 sixfold, -footer, pence, penny, score, shooter, 
 skeelduck, goose, 
 sketchbook. 
 
 skewerwood. 
 
 skidpan, way. 
 
 skill-less. 
 
 skimback. 
 
 skinbound, -deep, flint. 
 
 87 
 
 1 skullcap, fish, 
 skunkbill, head, top, weed, 
 skygazer, lark, larking, light, rocket, sail; adjec- 
 tives take hyphen, 
 slab-sided, 
 slam-bang, 
 slang-whanger. 
 slapdash, jack. 
 ' slapeface. 
 i slate-color, -gray. 
 
 slaughterhouse, man. 
 | slaveborn, holder, holding, 
 sleep-at-noon, -charged, waker, waking. 
 
 walker, walking, wort, 
 i sleepyhead. 
 ! sleuthhound. 
 i slickensides. 
 
 slipboard, coat, knot, -on, shod, shoe, slop. 
 : slopseller, shop, work. 
 
 slovvback hound, worm; adjectives take hv- 
 phen. 
 
 i sluiceway, 
 slyboots. 
 
 smallclothes, pox, sword, 
 smearcase. 
 smell-feast, -less, 
 smithcraft, 
 smock-faced. 
 smoke-dry, house, jack, stack, wood; adjectives 
 
 take hyphen. 
 
 smoothbore; other adjectives take hyphen, 
 snailfish, -like, -paced, 
 snakebird, fish, head, mouth, neck, root, stone. 
 
 weed, wood. 
 
 snake's-beard, -head, -mouthed, -tongue, 
 snapdragon, head, tool, weed, 
 sneezeweed, wood, wort, 
 snippack, -snap, 
 snipebill, fish, -nosed. 
 
 snowball, berry, bird, -blind, -blindness, 
 -bound, -broth, cap, -capped, clad, drift, drop, 
 fall, finch, flake, fleck, flight, fowl, plow, shed, 
 shoe, shoer, shoeing, slide, slip, storm, -white, 
 snub-nosed, 
 snuffbox. 
 
 so-called (a.), -so. 
 soapberry, bush, fish, root, stone, suds, wood, 
 
 wort. 
 
 sober-minded, -mindedness. 
 sod worm. 
 sort (prefix) heartedness; adjectives take 
 
 hyphen, 
 soi-disant. 
 soldierwood. 
 soleplate. 
 sol-fa. 
 
 solicitor-general, 
 somebody, how, thing, times, what, when, 
 
 where, while, whither, 
 son-in-law, 
 songcraft. 
 
 soothfast, say, sayer, saying, 
 sorehead. 
 
 sound-board; adjectives take hyphen, 
 sounding-board, 
 soupe-maigre. 
 soursop, wood. 
 
 southbound, down, east, easter, easterly, east- 
 ern, eastward, eastwardly, west, wester, west- 
 erly, western, westward, westward! y. 
 southernwood, 
 sowbane. 
 
 spadebone. fish, foot, 
 spaeman, wife, 
 spandogs, -new, piece, worm, 
 sparerib. 
 
 sparhawk, -hung, piece. 
 spar ro wgrass, tongue, wort, 
 spatterdashed, dashes, -dock, 
 spearfish, head, man, mint, wood, wort, 
 speechmaker. 
 speedwell, 
 spellbind, binder, bound, work. 
 
88 
 
 USEFUL INFORMATION. 
 
 spendthrift, thrifty. 
 
 splceberry, bush, wood. 
 
 spiderflower, like, wort. 
 
 spikebill, fish, horn, nard, nose, tail. 
 
 spileworm. 
 
 spillway. 
 
 spindlelegs, shanks, tail, worm; adjectives take 
 hyphen. 
 
 spineback, belly, bill, -finned, foot, tail, -tailed. 
 
 spirepole. 
 
 spiritual-minded, -mindedness. 
 
 spitball, box, fire, -venom. 
 
 spltchcock, cocked. 
 
 spitscocked. 
 
 splanchno-skeleton. 
 
 splashboard. 
 
 splayfoot, footed, mouth, mouthed. 
 
 spleenwort. 
 
 splinterproof. 
 
 splitbeak, feet, finger, mouth, -tail, -tongued, 
 worm. 
 
 spoilsman, monger. 
 
 spokeshave. 
 
 spokesman. 
 
 spoonbill, -billed, drift, flower, -meat, tail, 
 wood, worm, wort. 
 
 sportsman . 
 
 spray board. 
 
 spread-eagle (a.). 
 
 springboard, bok, fish, halt, head, tail, tide, 
 time, worm. 
 
 spritsail, tail. 
 
 spurflower, gall, -heeled, -royal, -shell, way, 
 wing, -winged. 
 
 spurling-line. 
 
 spurn-water. 
 
 spyboat, glass. 
 
 squaremouth, -rigged, spot, tail, -toed, -toes. 
 
 squarroso-dentate. 
 
 squint-eye, -eyed. 
 
 stableboy, man. 
 
 stack-guard, stand, yard. 
 
 staffman. 
 
 stag-evil, -horn (a.), -horned, hound, worm. 
 
 stagecoach, coachman, -headed, house, play, 
 player, -struck. 
 
 staircase, head, way. 
 
 stake-driver, head, holder. 
 
 stalemate. 
 
 stalk-eyed. 
 
 stalking-horse. 
 
 stall-feed, man. 
 
 stand-by, gale, pipe, point, still. 
 
 standard-bred, -wing. 
 
 stander-by, grass, wort. 
 
 starboard, -bowlines, bush, -chamber, craft, 
 finch, fish, fruit, gazer, gazing, light, like, lit, 
 monger, nose, proof, shine, shoot, stone, throat, 
 wort; adjectives not given take hyphen. 
 
 start-up. 
 
 statecraft, house, monger, room. 
 
 states-general, man, woman. 
 
 statesmanlike. 
 
 statuelike. 
 
 stavewood. 
 
 stay-bar, lace, maker, -plow, sail, ship. 
 
 steadfast. 
 
 steamboat, boating, ship. 
 
 steelhead, yard. 
 
 steep-down, grass, -up, weed, wort. 
 
 steeplechasing, -crowned. 
 
 steerageway. 
 
 steersman. 
 
 stem-clasping, -winder, -winding. 
 
 step-down (a.), -up (a.); the rest one word ex- 
 cept step grate. 
 
 stepping-stone. 
 
 stereo (prefix) -chemic, -chemical, -chemistry; 
 the rest one word. 
 
 sternforemost, post, way, -wheel, -wheeler. 
 
 stewpan, pot. I 
 
 stickleback. 
 
 stiff* (prefix) -neckedness, tail; adjectives take 
 hyphen. 
 
 stillbirth, born, -burn, house, -hunt, -hunter, 
 hunting, room, stand. 
 
 stock-blind, broker, dove, fish, holder, jobber, 
 
 . 
 
 jobbing, man, owl, -still, work. 
 tokehol 
 
 stokehold, hole. 
 
 stonebird, -blind, bow, brash, -break, breaker, 
 buck, chat, -cold, cray, crop, cutter, cutting, 
 -dead, -deaf, gall, -hammer, hatch, -hearted, 
 -mortar, pecker, root, runner, seed, -still, wall, 
 ware, weed, wood, work, wort. 
 
 stopcock, -gap, -over, ship. 
 
 stopping-out. 
 
 storehouse, keeper, room, ship. 
 
 stork-billed. 
 
 storm-beat, bird, cock, finch, glass, wind. 
 
 storybook, -teller, -telling, -writer. 
 
 stout-hearted, -heartedness. 
 
 stovehouse, pipe. 
 
 stowaway, board. 
 
 straddlebug. 
 
 straightedge, forward, forwardly, forwardness, 
 horn, -joint, -lined, -out, -spoken, -way (a)., 
 way (adv.). 
 
 strait-handed, handedness, -jacket, -laced, 
 -waistcoat. 
 
 strap-shaped, work. 
 
 strato-cirrus, -cumulus. 
 
 stra wberry, board, -cutter, small, smear, worm; 
 adjectives take hyphen. 
 
 streetwalker. 
 
 stringboard, course, halt, piece. 
 
 strip-leaf. 
 
 strokesman. 
 
 strong-back, hand, hold, -mindedness, -water; 
 adjectives take hyphen. 
 
 stub-bred. 
 
 stucco work. 
 
 stuck-up. 
 
 studbook, fish, -horse. 
 
 stumbling-block, -stone. 
 
 stump-bred, -rooted, -tailed. 
 
 sub (prefix) -base, -bass; the rest one word. 
 
 subject-matter, -object, -objectivity. 
 
 sugarhouse, plum. 
 
 sulpho-urea; the rest one word. 
 
 sulphur-bottom, weed, wort. 
 
 summer-fallow, house, stir, tide, tree. 
 
 sunbeam, bird, blink, bonnet, bow, burn, 
 -burner, burning, burst, dart, dew, dial, dog, 
 down, downer, drops, fish, flower, glass, glow, 
 light, like, lit, proof, rise, rising, set, setting, 
 shade, shine, shiny, squall, stone, stroke, 
 -struck, up; other adjectives not given take 
 hyphen. 
 
 supple-chapped, -jack. 
 
 supra (prefix) -acromial, -angular, -auricular, 
 axillary, -esophagal, -ethmoid, -ilium; the 
 rest one word. 
 
 sure-footed. 
 
 surfboat, man. 
 
 surgeon-general. 
 
 swag-bellied, belly, man. 
 
 swagsman. 
 
 swanflower, herd, -hopping, like, mark, neck, 
 pan, skin, -upping, wort. 
 
 swan's-down. 
 
 sward-cutter. 
 
 swashbuckler, way. 
 
 sway-backed, -bracing. 
 
 sweep-saw, stake, stakes, washer. 
 
 sweetbread, brier, heart, meat, root, -sop, water, 
 weed, wood, wort; adjectives take hyphen. 
 
 swinebread, case, -chopped, cote, fish, herd, 
 pipe, -pox, stone, sty. 
 
 swingbar, devil, tree. 
 
 swiiiglebar, tail, tree. 
 
 switchboard, man. 
 
 swivel-eyed. 
 
 swoopstake. 
 
 swordbill, fish, man, play, player, proof, 
 -shaped, tail. 
 
 swordsman. 
 
 T. 
 
 tallebook, cloth, -land, man, spoon, spoonful, 
 
 ware, 
 tacksman. 
 taglock, -rag, tail, 
 tail-bay, black, board, flower, piece, pin, race, 
 
 stock, -water, 
 tailor-made. 
 take-in, -off, -up. 
 taking-off. 
 
 
USEFUL INFORMATION. 
 
 89 
 
 Calebearer, bearing, teller. 
 
 talesman. 
 
 tall-boy. 
 
 tallow-face, -faced, -wood. 
 
 tallyho. man. 
 
 tangfish, whaup. 
 
 tangleberry, fish. 
 
 tanyard. 
 
 taphouse, room, root. 
 
 tapeline, worm. 
 
 tarboy, weed, whine. 
 
 taskmaster, work. 
 
 taxgatherer, gathering, payer. 
 
 teaberry, cup, cupful, kettle, pot, -saucer, spoon, 
 
 spoonful, 
 teamwork. 
 
 tearpit, -thumb; adjectives take hyphen, 
 teaze-hole. 
 te-hee. 
 
 tele-iconograph; the rest one word. 
 telesmeter. 
 telltale. 
 
 tempo lo-auricular; the rest one word, 
 tenfold, -o'clock (a.), penny, pins, -pounder, 
 
 -strike. 
 
 tenderfoot, -heartedly, heartedness, loin; ad- 
 jectives take hyphen, 
 tenter-hook, 
 tenthmeter. 
 tentmaker, wort, 
 ternatopinnate. 
 terneplate. 
 
 terracultural, culture, 
 terre-tenant, -verte. 
 terror; adjectives take hyphen, 
 tether-ball. 
 
 tetra; all one word except tetra paper, 
 tetter-totter, wort. 
 text-book, -hand, man. 
 t tin nk worthiness, worthy, 
 thaiiksgiver, giving, 
 thenadays. 
 
 thenceforth, forward. 
 tliere (prefix) -anent; the rest one word, 
 thermo-anaesthesia, -element, -excitory, -in- 
 hibitory; the rest one word, 
 tliiekbill, head, -knee, leaf, set, skin, skull, 
 
 -stamen; other adjectives take hyphen. 
 thimbleberry, eye, rig, rigger, weed. 
 tli in: adjectives take hyphen, 
 thio-urea; the rest one 'word, 
 third-borough, -penny, 
 thornback, bill, bird, but, -headed, set, tail, 
 thorough-brace, bred, fare, foot, going, 
 
 -lighted, paced, pin, sped, wax, wort, 
 thousandfold, -jacket. 
 thrall-less, -like. 
 
 threadbare, fin, fish, foot, -shaped, worm, 
 three-decker, fold, pence, penny, -phaser, -pile; 
 
 other adjectives take hyphen. . 
 thricecock; adjectives take hyphen, 
 throatband, boll, latch, root, wort, 
 throw-crook, -off. 
 thrum-eyed, wort. 
 thumbbird, screw. 
 
 thunderbird, bolt, burst, clap, cloud, fish, 
 flower, fly, head, proof, shower, squall, stone, 
 storm, strike, worm, 
 tiekseed, tack, 
 tidbit. 
 
 tideland, -rode, waiter, way. 
 tidesman. 
 
 tiebar, beam, -rod, tick, wig. 
 tiger-eye, -foot, -footed, 
 tiger's-foot, -milk, 
 tile-drain (v.), fish, root, seed, stone, 
 tilt-mill, -up, -yard, 
 tlmbernead, man, work. 
 
 timekeeper, piece, pleaser, saving, server, serv- 
 ing, -table; other adjectives take hyphen, 
 tinman, mouth, smith, stone, tie, type, ware, 
 tipburn, cart, cat, staff, toe, top, -up, worm, 
 tippling-house. 
 tire-woman, 
 tiring-room, 
 titbit, lark, mouse, 
 titano-cyanide, -fluoride, -silicate, 
 tithingman. 
 
 title-page. 
 
 titter-totter. 
 
 tittlebat, -tattle, -tattling. 
 
 ti-tri. 
 
 toadback, eater, fish, flax, flower, head, stone, 
 
 stool. 
 
 toastmaster. 
 
 to-day, -do, -fall, -morrow, -name, -night, willy, 
 tollbooth, gate, house, man. 
 tomboy, cat, cod, fool, foolery, John, noddy, rig, 
 
 tit, -torn, 
 tombstone, 
 tonguebird, fish, flower, -flowered, -shaped, 
 
 -shell, -tie, -tied, worm, 
 ton-mile. 
 
 tool-post, -stock, -rest, 
 toon wood, 
 toothache, back, bill, brush, drawer, flower, 
 
 pick, shell, wort, 
 top-armor, -block, -boots, -chain, -cloth, coat, 
 
 -drain, -draining -dress, -dressing, gallant, 
 
 -hamper/ -heavy, knot, -light, man, mast, 
 
 piece, -proud, -rope, sail, -shaped, -shell, sides, 
 
 soil, soiling, stone, -tackle, -timbers, -tool, 
 tops-and-bottoms, man. 
 torchbearer, light, wood, wort, 
 touchback, -box, down, hole, -me-not, -needle, 
 
 -pan, -paper, piece, stone, wood, 
 tough-cake, -head, -pitch, 
 tous-les-mois. 
 tout-ensemble. 
 
 towboat, cock, -head, line, path, rope, 
 towerwort. 
 
 tow r n-crier, hall, house, 
 townsfolk, man, people, 
 toyhouse, man, shop, wort, 
 trackman, master, -road, scout. 
 trade-mark. 
 
 tradesman, people, -unionist, woman, 
 tragi-comedy, -comic, -comical, -comi-pastoral. 
 trainband, bearer. 
 tram-rail, road, way. 
 trans (prefix), one word unless followed by a 
 
 cap, then use hyphen, 
 trapball, door, hole, stick. 
 tra wlboat, net, warp, 
 treadboard, mill, -softly, wheel, 
 treasure-house, -trove, 
 treebeard, nail, 
 trencher-man, 
 trench-plow, 
 trestletree, work, 
 trigesimo-secundo. 
 tripe-de-roche, man, stone, 
 triple-crowned, -headed, -tail, 
 troopbird, fowl, ship, 
 trothplighted. 
 trou-de-loup. 
 troutbird, -colored, 
 trucebreaker. 
 truckle-bed, 
 truckman, 
 true-blue, -born, -bred, -hearted, heartedness, 
 
 love, -penny. 
 
 trumpet-shaped, -tongued, weed, wood, 
 trumplike. 
 
 <rundle-bed, head, tail, 
 trunkback, fish, nose, work, 
 trustworthy, worthiness, 
 truth-lover, -teller, 
 trysail, -square. 
 
 tubeform, -nosed, rose, -shell, worm, 
 tubfish, man. 
 tuck-net, 
 tue-iron, -irons, 
 tufthunter, hunting, 
 tugboat. 
 
 tulip-eared, -shell, wood. 
 tumblebug, -down, dung, weed, 
 turn-turn, 
 tun-bellied, hoof, 
 tupman. 
 
 turban-shell, -top. 
 turtman, worm, 
 turkeyback. 
 turnbroach, -buckle, coat, cock, halle, key, -out, 
 
 over, pike, plate, -sick, sole, spit, stile, stone, 
 
 table, wrest. 
 
 
90 
 
 USEFUL INFOEMATION. 
 
 turnip-shell, wood. 
 
 turtleback, dove, -footed, head, -shell. 
 
 tusk-shell. 
 
 tut-nose, -work, -workman. 
 
 tutti-frutti. 
 
 twelfth-cake, -day, -night, -second, tide. 
 
 twelvemonth, pence, penny, score. 
 
 tiventyfold, -fourmo. 
 
 twice (prefix); adjectives take hyphen. 
 
 twinborn, leaf, like, likeness. 
 
 'twixt-brain. 
 
 two-decker, fold, pence, penny, -phaser, -step; 
 
 adjectives take hyphen. 
 typesetter, setting, write, writer, writing. 
 
 u. 
 
 U-shaped. 
 
 ultra-elliptic; the rest one word. 
 
 un (prefix), always one word unless followed by 
 
 cap letter, when the hyphen will be used. 
 under (prefix) -age, -arm, -garment; the rest 
 
 one word, 
 unhooped-for. 
 unlooked-for. 
 up (prefix) bound, -line, -to-date; the rest one 
 
 word. 
 
 Ural-Altaic, 
 uranoso-uranic. 
 uran-utan. 
 urn-shaped, 
 uva-ursi. 
 
 V. 
 
 V-shaped. 
 
 vainglorious, gloriously, gloriousness, glory. 
 
 valve-shell. 
 
 van-courier, guard. 
 
 vare-headed. 
 
 vase-shaped. 
 
 vaso-inhibitory; the rest one word. 
 
 vegeto-alkali, -animal. 
 
 veinstone. ' 
 
 velvetbreast, leaf. 
 
 venthole. 
 
 ventro-inguinal, lateral. 
 
 vergeboard. 
 
 vertebro-iliac. 
 
 vestryman. 
 
 vice-consul, gerency, gerent, man, -president, 
 
 -regal, royalty, 
 vigesimo-quartb. 
 vine-clad, dresser, yard, 
 violet-tip, 
 vis-a-vis, 
 vitreo-electric. 
 vitro-di-trina. 
 
 voltammeter, ampere, meter, 
 volta-electric, -electrometer, meter, metric, 
 
 plast, type, 
 volte-face, 
 vulvo-uterine. 
 
 W. 
 
 wage-earner, -work, -worker. % 
 
 wagon-headed, load, -roofed, wright. 
 
 wainbote, wright. 
 
 waistband, cloth, coat. 
 
 wait-a-bit, awhile. 
 
 wake-robin, time. 
 
 walk-mill, -over. 
 
 wallbird, -eye, -eyed, flower, -plat, -sided, 
 
 wort, 
 war-beaten, fare, like, lock, monger, mouth, 
 
 path, proof, wolf, worn, 
 ward-corn, mote, robe, room, 
 wardsman. 
 warehouse, room, 
 warehouseman. 
 
 warm-blooded, -hearted, -heartedness. 
 wartweed, wort, 
 washboard, bowl, dish, house, -off, out, pot, i 
 
 stand, tail, tub. 
 washerman, woman, 
 wastebasket, board, book, weir, 
 watchdog, house, maker, man, tower, word, ! 
 
 work, 
 water-bearer, board, bok, -bound, -closet, 
 
 -colorist, cup, fall, flood, fowl, -furrow, -horse, 
 -laid, leaf, -logged, man, mark, melon, phone, 
 pot, proof, proofing, -ret, -rolled, -rot, scape, 
 shed, shoot, -soak, spout, -standing, -tath, 
 -tight, -vascular, way, weed, -withe, work, 
 worn, wort. 
 
 wattmeter. 
 
 wave-worn. 
 
 waxberry, bill, bird, bush, -eye, flower, weed, 
 wing, work, worker. 
 
 waybill, board, bread, bung, farer, faring, gate, 
 -going, -goose, lay, layer, maker, mark, side, 
 -wise, wiser, worn. 
 
 wayz-goose. 
 
 weakfish, -hearted, -kneed, -minded, -minded- 
 ness. 
 
 weasel-faced, fish, snout. 
 
 weather-beaten, -bit, -bitten, board, boarding, 
 -bound, cock, -driven, -fend^-fish, glass, head, 
 proof, wise, worn. 
 
 weaverfish. 
 
 we bey e, foot, worm; adjectives take hyphen. 
 
 wedgebill, -shell; adjectives take hyphen. 
 
 weighbeam, board, bridge, -house, lock, master. 
 
 welladay, -being, doer, doing, drain (v.), head, 
 hole, -meaner, -nigh, spring, -wilier, -wish, 
 wisher; adjectives take hyphen. 
 
 wentletrap. 
 
 werewolf. 
 
 westbound. 
 
 wetbird, -shod. 
 
 whaleback, boat, bone, head, man. 
 
 whatever, not, soever. 
 
 wheatbird, ear, worm. 
 
 wheelband, barrow, bird, house, man, -shaped, 
 stone, swarf, work, -worn, wright. 
 
 whenever, soever. 
 
 whenceever, soever. 
 
 whereabout, abouts, as, at, by, for, from, in, 
 into, of, on, out. soever, through, to, unto, 
 upon, with, withal. 
 
 whetstone. 
 
 wheyface, -faced. 
 
 whichever, soever. 
 
 whinberry, chat, -sill, stone, yard. 
 
 whipbird, cord, fish, graft, 'lash, -poor-will, 
 saw, -shaped, staff, stalk, stick, stitch, stock, 
 -tom-kelly, worm. 
 
 whipper-in, snapper. 
 
 whirlabout, bat, -blast, pool, wig, wind. 
 
 whistlefish, wing, wood. 
 
 whiteback, bait, bark, beam, beard, belly, bill, 
 Ablaze, blow, bottle, boy, cap, coat, -ear, -eye, 
 -face, fish, -foot, head, -heart, -pot, root, rump, 
 side, smith, tail, thorn, throat, tip, top, wall, 
 wash, -water, weed, wing, wood, worm, wort; 
 C9mpound all adjectives. 
 
 whithersoever. 
 
 whity-brown. 
 
 whoever, so, soever. 
 
 whole-hoofed, -length, sale, -souled. 
 
 whomsoever. 
 
 who remaster, monger, son. 
 
 whortleberry. 
 
 whosesoever. 
 
 wickerwork. 
 
 wickiup. 
 
 wide-awake, gap, spread; other adjectives take 
 hyphen. 
 
 widow-bench, -hunter, -maker, -wail. 
 
 wifelike. 
 
 wigwag. . 
 
 wild-cat (a,), fire, grave, wood. 
 
 will-o'-the-wisp. 
 
 willow-herb, -thorn, -weed, -wort. 
 
 willy-mufty, -wagtail, -willy. 
 
 windbibber, bore, bound, -break, -broken, cof- 
 fer, -dog, fall, fallen, fanner, -fertilized, flower, 
 gall, hover, mill, pipe, -plant, -rode, row, 
 -shaken, storm, -sucker, -sucking, tight. 
 
 windlestraw. 
 
 windowpane. 
 
 wineberry, bibber, glass, sap. 
 
 wingfish, seed, -shell; adjectives take hyphen. 
 
 winkle-hawk, -hole. 
 
 wintergreen, -ground, kill, -rig, tide, weed; 
 adjectives take hyphen. 
 
 wiredraw, -drawer, -heel, -puller, -pulling, 
 -tailed, work, -worker, worm. 
 
 wise-hearted, -like. 
 
USEFUL INFORMATION, 
 
 91 
 
 wislibone, -wash, 
 wishy-washy, 
 witchuck, fish, -starved, 
 witch-alder, craft, -elm, -hazel, -tree, wood, 
 withdrawing-room. 
 witlierband, -wrung, 
 withe-rod. 
 
 witli (prefix), all one word, 
 wizen-faced, 
 woe-begone. 
 womankind, like. 
 
 wonderland, struck, work, -worker, -working, 
 woodbind, bine, -bound, chat, chuck, cock, 
 cracker, craft, cut, cutter, cutting, hack, 
 hacker, hewer, hole, house, jobber, knacker, 
 land, -layer, man, -note, -of-the-Holy-Cross, 
 pecker, -queest, rock, roof, ruff, stone, wall, 
 ward, -wash, -wax, -waxen, work, worm, 
 woodsman . 
 wool-dyed, fell, gathering, grower, growing, 
 
 -hall, head, man, pack, sack, shed, stock, 
 woolly-head. 
 \vordbook, -catcher, 
 wordsman. 
 
 workaday, bag, basket, bench, box, day, fellow, 
 folk, house, man, master, room, shop, table, 
 woman. 
 
 w r orking-day, man. 
 workmanlike, 
 world-wide. 
 
 worldly-minded, -mindedness, -wise, 
 worm-eaten, -eatenness, hole, seed, -shaped, 
 
 -shell, wood, 
 worn-out. 
 Avould-be (a.). 
 wreath-shell. 
 
 wreckfish, -master. 
 
 wringbolt, staff. 
 
 wristband. 
 
 \vrong-timed; all others one word. 
 
 wrybill, mouth, neck, necked. 
 
 wych-elm, -hazel. 
 
 Y. 
 
 yachtsman. 
 
 Yankee-Doodle. 
 
 yardarm, keep, stick, wand, master. 
 
 yarraman. 
 
 yawl-rigged. 
 
 yearbook. 
 
 veast-bitten. 
 
 Velio wbill bird, -covered, crown, -eyed, fin, 
 
 fish -golds, -hammer, head, legs, poll, root, 
 
 rump, seed, shanks, shins, tail, throat, top, 
 
 weed, wood, wort, 
 veomanlike. 
 yesterday, eve, -evening, morn, -morning, 
 
 night, noon, week, year. 
 yokefellow, mate, -toed, 
 yourself. 
 
 yttro-cerite, -columbite, -tantalite. 
 Yuletide. 
 
 zantewood. 
 
 zebrawood. 
 
 Zend-Avesta. 
 
 zigzag. 
 
 ziment-water. 
 
 zinco-polar. 
 
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