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Annual Subscription, including Postage. - 3.00, in advance. Single Copies, 30 Cents. A FEW FULL SETS O.V HAM) FKOM THE BEGISS1\<; Bound Volumes, postage paid, per Volume $3.75 To New Subscribers, Volumes I, II and III, bound, and current numbers for 1876 13.00 McDIVITT, CAMPBELL & CO., Publishers, 79 KASSAU STREET, NEW YORK. SHORJ-HAND LEGIBLE AS THE PLAINEST WRITING, AND REQUIRING NO TEACHER BUT THE BOOK. A SIMPLIFIED SYSTEM OF VERBATIM REPORTING. BY THE REV. W. E. SCOVIL, M. A. EIGHTH AMERICAN EDITION. EDITED AND REVISED BY W. E. SCOVIL, JR., PRACTICAL REPORTER, XF.W YORK. McDivitt, Campbell & Co., LAW BOOKSELLERS AND PUBLISHERS, No. 7!) NASSAU STREET. 1876. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1878, by HY. B. ROBINSON, In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at W abhington, D. C. Electrotyped by SMITH & McDouoAL, 82 Beekman Street, New York For the encouragement of learners, some Testimonials are here ^ annexed, which the author has received from gentlemen of known r Brumtcick. I have used your system of Short-hand for years, and do not think I can express too highly the value 1 have de- rived from it in correspondence and in my professional IT TESTIMONIALS. duties. By its aid a sermon may be written in one hour instead of six, and. when written, is more legible than the ordinary Land. Besides, tbe ability it affords of writing one's thoughts with readiness and with comparatively little fatigue of hand, leads to the acquisition of a free and more forcible style. The art is easily learnt, may be acquired in youth as a pastime in connection with more formal studies, and not much additional practice is necessary to render the Short-hand Writer an efficient reporter. From The REV. D. W. PICKETT, M.A. (formerly} Head Master of the Collegiate School, Windsor, Nova Scotia. Of the superior advantages of your Stenography I can speak from long experience. The comparison which I have been enabled to make between it and other systems now in use to some extent, and the readiness with which it has been acquired by many of my acquaintance, lead me to the belief that it offers greater facilities for students in attend- ance upon university lectures, to the reporters for the press, and to the public generally, than any other system that has hitherto been published. From ALFRED H. DEMILL, Esq., D.C.L., Barrister. I bought a copy of your work, published in 18G6, and, Btruck with the truth of your objections to the Phonetic system (which I had been practising for several years as given by Graham in the Reporter's Manual) I abandoned it, and began the study of yours. The result, I am happy to say, has fully realized my expectations ; for, after learn- ing it with comparatively little labor, I find it most useful in my profession. I regret the time wasted with Pitman's Phonography ; but my own experience has convinced me that your system, besides other advantages, requires not one-third as much practice to master it, and that no one desirous ot a readable TESTIMONIALS. t Short-Land will be disappointed after giving it a fair trial. From REV. GEORGE WALKER, A.B., N. Y., formerly Mas- ' ter of the Grammar ScJwol in, Kings Co., N. B. It is, I think, a happy feature in your Short-hand that it joins the vowels and consonants in succession as we read them, and does not depart from the usual method of spelling, except when superfluous letters are omitted for the sake of brevity. It thus avoids the intricate and comparatively slow expedient adopted by Taylor, Mavor, Pitman, and others, which requiresthe writer to join together all the consonants in the first place, and afterwards take his pen off' repeatedly to insert separate dots, or other little marks, here and there, for the purpose of representing as many vowels and diph- thongs as happen to be sounded in the word. From MR. T. P. DIXON, Reporter, Seic York. After spending some time in examining the systems of Phonography published by Pitman, Bell, Thompson, and others, I have satisfied myself that your Phonography, or abbreviated Short-hand, while it equals, if it does not ex- ceed, the swiftest of them, in the ease and despatch with which it is written, affords more assistance in deciphering the notes, which we have to commit to paper in the briefest manner in taking down a discourse from the lips of a fluent speaker. So far as I am capable of forming a correct opi- nion on this subject, I have as yet met with no system, vying with yours in conciseness, that taxes the memory of the learner so little, or is likely to enable him more speedily to acquire the art of verbatim Reporting. From The REV. D. I. WETMORE, B.A., Clifton, N. B. My estimate of your Short-hand is evidenced by the fact that, when I was a schoolmaster, I recommended it tr vi TESTIMONIALS. my pupils as the best. J udging from my own experience, I believe that a practical proficiency can be gained in it, at less cost of tiuie and study than in any other system that has couie under my notice, and that it is well deserving of a place in our schools. From JAMES II. THORNE, ESQ., B.A., Deputy Provincial Secretary, Halifax, Nova Scotia. A practical knowledge of your system of Short-hand writing has given me so high an opinion of its value, that 1 believe it to be the very best we have ; and, as "the j>en of a ready writer " is essential in many professions, and ot great advantage to a person in any line of life, I think that your little [>ook, in its improved state, ought to obtain a wide circulation, and be generally acceptable to the public. From THOMAS S. WETMORE, ESQ., A.B. (JI. D. of the University of Glasgow, and Licentiate of the Royal Col- lege of Surycotts, Edinburgh), St. John, N. B. Whatever may be the comparative merits of other sys- tems, your Short-hand, on account of the ease with which it is read and written, has deservedly gained the good opinion of those who have tried it, and will, I am persuaded, find favor with others in proportion as they become acquainted with it. For as sail ing- packets, common roads-, and mail- coaches, though still in use, do not meet our requirements in this age of ocean-steamers, railways, and electric tele- graphs; so our common long-hand, though it cannot be al- together dispensed with, will, I am confident, in lime b regarded as too slow and tedious a method of writing for those who can despatch their business with much greater ease and rapidity by employing a good readable Short- hand. From, S. J. SCOVIL, Esq., A.B., Attorn<>/. Phi<. Your Short-hand lias, for many years, done me good TESTIMONIALS. vii service in the almost interminable writing of a lawyer's office. If this, or any good system, were generally adopted by professional gentlemen, it would very materially lighten their labors, and save valuable time to the public, shorten- ing the sittings of our courts, and expediting business which is now retarded by the slow process of ordinary writing. From J. BENNETT, ESQ., Ph.D., Chief Superintendent oj Education for the Province of New Brunswick. The system of Short-band invented by Mr. Scovil is, I believe, the best extant. Th.e reporters educated in the sys- tem are much more expert than those trained in any other that has come under my notice. Having mastered it in less than a year, they are living proofs of the ease with which it may be acquired. The HON. T. R. JONES, M.L.C., President of the Executive Council, N. B. One of the best reporters connected with our Provincial Legislature is a yo'ung man, who, after studying this sys- tem for twelve months, so far mastered it as to be able to take down the debates verbatim. OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. From MOORE'S RURAL NEW-YORKER. We think the author's claim to simplicity, ease of acquirement, legibility, and rapidity well founded. From the SOSTON EVENING TIMES. It combines all the advantages of the Stenographic and Phonographic systems. From the NE1T TORK STANDARD. We recommend it to the consideration of all interested in the sub- ject. From the RICHMOND HERALD. The only system we have seen that can be read as rapidly as ordi- nary manuscript. From the CONGREGATIONA L MONTHLY. A decided improvement over the Phonetic System. From the OHIO FARMER. There ia certainly no system by which verbatim repoiting can be so easily accomplished. From the DAILY TIMES, New lirtinsu-ick. Merits the many eulogiums it has received. From the TELEGRAPH AND JOVRNAL. Simplicity itself. From the MANCHESTER MIRROR. Remarkable for its simple character and easy legibility. From the PHILADELPHIA CITY ITEM. Much credit is due the author for his improvement upon the present systems of rapid writing. From the ALLESTOli'lf CHJIO\ICLE. Perhaps the most complete system extant. From the PORTLAND PRESS. The best method we have seen. From the NEW YORK TABLET. We commend it to those of our readers who have long been search- ing for just such a work. From the PAXTOlf RECORD. Simple as A, B, C, and well calculated to become one of the leading systems. From the JtAXGOR COMMERCIAL. Should be adopted in all our institutions of learning. From the CARLTOX SEXTIXEL. We know that it is practised by some of the readiest reporters. From the Hl'\TIXGDOX GLOI'.i:. The work is simple and well adapted to the reporter or clergyman. From the PROriltEXCE PRESS. We believe it to be the best work of the kind yet introduced. From the XEW JERr'SALEJI MESSENGER. Very easy of acquirement, and can be put to use almost immediately. From the WATCH MAX AXD REFLECTOR. Has several advantages over the prevailing methods. From the IFJVJY TRAXSCltTPT. More legible and simple in construction than either Pitman, Graham or Munson. From the KLACKItrRX GAZETTE. We have found it to be very easy of acquisition. from the CORNELL ERA. Brevity is the aim of the age. In this short-hand system the art of writing the greatest amount of words in the least amount of time has been brought nearest perfection. From the JIROCKPORT DEMOCRAT. The neatest, most compact, and complete little work on short-baud ever published. It is simply a short-hand, so easy that any child can learn it, so legible that it can be read the earnc as common long-hand, and yet it may be abbreviated and written at the rate of two hundred words per minute. It is equally suited to the student, the reporter, the counting-house, the pulpit, the bar, and the bench to all who -wish to commit their thoughts to paper in the briefest possible manner, and read their manuscript at any future time without difficulty or hesita- tion. "We have studied it and are convinced of itb great merits. From, the UTTHAJfA MESSENGER. 1. It is not Phonetic. The author claims that time and labor are thrown away in learning to write English words as the Phonetic re- formers would write them, since we are, and probably always will be, compelled to use, in ordinary practice, the present spelling. 2. The vowel signs are joined to the consonants not written sepa- rately. There is, we believe, but one other system in which any ap- proach is made to this desirable improvement. S. There is much less complication. The thickening, shortening, lengthening, etc., of the characters, which make most of the other systems so perplexing to the learner, and eo difficult to decipher, are nearly all avoided. From the ELIZABETH DAILY MONITOR. The distinctive features of this system urc.Jlrft, that it provides a character for each letter of the alphabet without shading, as in the Pit- man method ; secondly, the vowels are not represented by minute dots or dashes, but by straight lines or curves, all of which may be joined to the consonant stems, thus rendering the writing more legible than ordi- nary systems ; thirdly, it is not phonetic, only so far as to shorten the process where silent letters occur, and hence the ordinary orthography answers all practical purposes. The improvements introduced may be summed up in the words simplicity, brrrity, !>nd tegiMlity. AUTHOR'S PREFACE. WRITING is a truly wonderful invention. It records Ian guage by substituting marks or letters for sounds : and, by this means, words are silently conveyed to the mind through the eye, as distinctly as by the voice through the ear. It is the key of learning ; and so useful for acquiring, preserving, and communicating knowledge, that it is almost as valuable to mankind as the gift of speech. Common writing, however, requires so much mechanical labor to form the letters, that it is confessedly inadequate to record language with anything like the ease and rapidity with which it is spoken ; and, therefore, persevering efforts have been made to effect this desirable improvement. Hence the multitudinous systems of Short-hand. Among the earliest were the Greek signs, and these prob- ably suggested to Cicero the Roman notes; which, we learn from Plutarcb, consisted of little marks so brief and ex- pressive that certain writers, instructed by that great ora tor, were able with them to take down a speech as delivered in the senate. Cicero's freedman, Tyro, becoming famed for his skill in using them, they were known by the name of " Tyro's Notes," and having been taken up and improved by Seneca, were, with his alterations, introduced into the public schools as a useful branch of a liberal education. If we can rely upon what a poet, who lived in those times, has told us, this kind of writing was so swift tl: :at a Notary, 1800 years ago, could take down words as quickly RS the PREFACE. most dexterous reporter of our day. I allude to one of Martial's epigrams, which I give with a free transla- tion : Notarius. Currant verba licet, manus est velocior illls; Nondum lingua mum, dextra peregit opus. Mart. lib. v. ej>. 1. Though fast a speaker's words may flow, The tongue is for the baud too slow. The Roman method is lost. Of English systems, " Pit- man's Phonography," notwithstanding several later short- hands, is now the most popular, and, its enthusiastic admir- ers would have us believe, so perfect that there exists no necessity for change hereafter. And yet it seems to be fairly open to some weighty objections, of which I will mention four : I. The vowels are dots and minute marks which cannot be joined to the other letters, but require the pen to be raised from the paper every time that one of them is made, end therefore impede the writing much more than good plain characters in a running hand. In consequence of this radi- cal defect, it becomes necessary in most words to write the consonants first, and then go back to supply whatever vow- els they require, carefully putting each by itself near the consonant to which it ought to have been joined. Such a separation of vowels and consonants would make even oui long hand longer ; and he must be endowed with more than ordinary patience and perseverance, who learns to write, without hesitation, the detached vowels, which in Pitman's Corresponding Style look like specks sprinkled over the page from a pepper-box. II. The characters are not sufficiently distinct. Every one, in all but thickness is precisely like another which re PREFACE. xiii presents a different letter or sound ; and the same mark, as that for ks, varying only a little in length or thickness, stands on, above, and below the line for more than fifty words, out of which we must pick the one the sense re- quires! This dividing of the alphabet into pairs, in which one character so closely resembles the other, must lead to hesitation in reading, or to loss of time in writing while we give to every stroke its proper thickness. III. The reporting style has numberless words which have nothing to show the reader whether they begin or end with or without a vowel ; and it is a great task to learn the long list of words represented by only one or two of their middle or final letters, as p for weep, Jiappy, hope ; j for advantage ; js, religious ; tr, internal, etc. B and p, d and t, and other letters are often written exactly alike, as mpg or mbg foi humbug. These are some of the causes why, of the many who have tried, so few have been able to gain a really practical know- ledge of his style of reporting. For it is as much harder to recognize an abbreviation without seeing the first, or first and last syllable of the word, as it is to recognize a man without seeing his face, or to move a load without help at the starting-point. IV. But that which I consider the most objectionable feature, though it has many zealous advocates, is this it compels us to use the phonetic, that is, this corrupt way of spelling : "If eni wun in siti or kuntri wontz sum nolij ov liiz wurk, and its kwolitiz, let him inspekt hwot haz bin dun in komon tourdz, or giv muni and get anegzact kopi ov his sistemf " Phoneticians persuade themselves, or affect to believe. xiv PREFACE. that such spelling will eventually supersede our barbarous orthography. Meanwhile I leave it to the judgment of all who are not yet wedded to any system, whether it is safe to employ habitually, for daily convenience, a short-hand which deviates so far from the standards of our literature, and which not a few have abandoned because they found that the habit of spelling phonetically and disregarding prevailing usage led to vexatious mistakes and delay in common writing. * Let it not be thought that I enviously detract from Pit- man's merits It was in allusion to his system that Senator Benton made the remark appended to the frontispiece of this little book. But though there are some who, having learned by long practice to dispense with the disconnected vowels, and to decipher their notes without them, use it successfully for TI rbatim reporting, yet the objections above stated are such that comparatively few of the large number who at- tempt the mastery of it become sufficiently expert to take down a lengthened discourse word for word from the lips of a fluent speaker, while it has been candidly admitted, in the " American Journal of Phonography/' that " as a popu- lar method for recording thought, or preserving business transactions, or for conducting ordinary correspondence, Steno-Phonography has proved an entire failure." Feeling the want of a plainer short-hand, to meet the re- quirements of a professiqn in which a speaker must decide at a glance what he is to pronounce, and has little time to settle uncertainties by comparing the context, I composed for my own use the system which is explained au-1 offered to the public in the following pages. As our common alphabet, though not so perfect as it might be, is already known by all who read and write Eng- lish, I prefer retaining it, changing only the forms of the letters to the Simplest characters that can be joined together PREFACE. xv without confusion, and adding some characters to represent those syllables and combinations of letters which occur most frequently in our language. These additions will amply repay the little time required to learn them ; for they render the writing shorter, neater, and more lineal, and, by doing away with the necessity for having every letter represent a multitude of words, relieve the memory, and tend to obviate the third objection I have 1 made to Pitman's Phonography. " It is no uncommon thing for those who have grown wise by the labor of others, to add a little of their own and forget their masters." I confess that, aiming at utility and not originality, I have freely appropriated everything that answered my purpose, and am indebted to Macanlay in par- ticular for many of the characters. The success which attended the introduction of the for- mer edition of this work, and the general favor with which it has been received, have led to the preparation of this new edition, in which will be found an additional number of exercises, and a variety of other matter so arranged as to render the acquisition of the art yet more easy and direct. And now, kind reader, permit me to close with a trite but appropriate valediction from Horace : Vale! Si quid noritti reed us Iftls. Candidm imperti, rf non his utere mecum. " Farewell ! And if a better system 1 s thine, Impart it frankly, or make use of mine." PRELIMINARY DIRECTIONS. IT is quite unnecessary to learn any of the Rules or Tables by rote. The best and most agreeable way to become pro ficient in this method of writing is to get some knowledge of the arrangement and contents of the work by looking over the pages, and then begin with copying out the Exer- cises in the latter part of the book, carefully comparing them with the Alphabet and Tables as you proceed, and re- ferring to the Rules for direction only when you find some- thing which you cannot readily understand. It may seem superflousthat things are explained which you can compre- hend at once by inspection. It is better, however, to have all parts of the system so fully elucidated that no one who tries to learn it without a master can feel the want of more guidance and aid than the book affords. Boys are very apt to waste time in writing without a copy, and trying to decipher their ru ^ ^ f / \ v v/ $ 3 s *v~T*S,r z&. (& v^^L^ff Comparative Size q/' Horizon 'al u, qu e, k o, = ock NOTE. Though many attempts have been made to have every sim- ple elementary sound represented by a distinct letter, no one hats suc- ceeded in inventing a sufficient number of simple characters that can be easily distinguished from one another, and rapidly joined together, so as to form a fair, lineal, and cursive hand for stenographic purposes. Dr. Limlsloy. in his Taehygraphy, has succeeded in joining many of the vowels and diphthongs to the consonants ; the curious may judge for themselves how he has succeeded in other respects. There are many laborers in the field, and he who makes any real improvement in this important art, will find it duly appreciated in this utilitarian STENOGRAPHY. 3 The Ch. for every letter is written as on the opposite page ; but in joining the characters, we draw s, long or short, up or down ; and turn e, i, 0^ u, j either way, to make words neat, compact, and lineal. The dot at the foot of the letters f y n g r shows that they are up-strokes ; all with no dot (if not horizontal) are down-strokes. Making the crook of h a ring, it becomes he ; both are initials, and have B after them in the tables, to show that they only begin words. Medial and final h (if 'not part of a double Ch.) is straight, with a dot under the middle. B, r, v, g, k, qu are quarter circles of the same size ; c is a half circle as high as r and twice as high as k or qn. To make two letters of the same name, double the length of a, d, t, and the curves. If the Ch. ends with a ring, the size of the rlii'j only is doubled. Write long 8 for ss. $ joined to s so as to make an angle at the top or bottom, is ses, as in page 11. EXERCISE. NOTE. The Alphabetic characters are here, lines 1 and 2, put in such order that the student will readily see the relative differences between them. The long letters are given on line 3. and the horizontal on No. 4. The remainder of this exercise shows the manner of writ- ing two, three, and four letters, and will be readily understood. 1. a, d, t, s, h, i, j, m, 1, n, f, as, ad, ass, ta. 2. r, b, v, g, p, y, rb, vg, pr, br. 3. b, c, d, f, g, 1, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, z. 4. A, h, h, i, j. e, o, u, k, qu, e, o, u. 5. n, y, m, p, ep, pe, v, ve, w, we, r, re, rx 6. mm. nn, ff, pp, prp, yy, jj, oo, look, book, took 7. sa, see, si, so, su, da, de. di, do, due. 8. ca, ce, ci, co, cu, cy, eg, cv, cer, cure. 9. wa, we, wi, wo, wu, wes, wen, wer, wef, wey, weg 10. ast, est, 1st, ost, sta, ste, sti, sto, stn. 11. nt, nth, nw, sw, sr, sf, sn, sg, sy. 12. ce, co, cu, re, ro, ru, ve, vo, vu, we, wo, who. 13. ye, yo, ek, ke, ok, ook, ou, eu, ue, quo, hi. 14. hei, belt, heir, rit, seek, sout, lit, fit. EXEECISE. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. io 11 12 13 14 xf 5 L -f Ac Af EXERCISE. For medial u, see Note 5, page 15. NOTE. For ay and y see Rule 10, p. 20. In puch words as den, men, get, the e, or any medial vowel that sounds like e, is sufficiently ex- pressed by the consonants, without writing the vowel. R. 9, p. 19. 9 ? \ / 9 " ' /III . o j . ( / r~s J o t / v. 7 \ I C 4. _^v,;si^,j i ^^^v.j, 5. L d _x / /-N /^N / f r\ n* / 4 ' 1 V-- j S~i^_/_^ LJ<^._^-^ o/^^- 9 \ 9 ^ 9 yo o. / ^6 \ / i _X /. r 12 ^ _ /S -o.^.V.J?, 13 * \ -t + -^ / /* \ 14 r r / / ^> + y^_"~ L - T -- See Key, p. xx. \ Single Chs. "Words they stand for. Double and Syllabic Chs. A, ay (have,) another 1 Amp 1 \ amb B, be -> )een, begin t Angl t S angle f B.G C, ce C certain 1, come Bl d _.B1-S "I B: D, de s (had,) donef Cent C [cnt], S i /"N (he, ever) Ch e chUd B 1 V / endeavor ch -o jchurcht M. E .V /Q for, fer, fir, fur Cl G could .G, ge J God, give Coin S \ comb [cmbj I \ him, half 1 B H, ha happiness M, V. Comp f company 1, [cmp] I, J, igh | C _D I, individual 1 interest Con a- concern [en] counter o\ country 1, [cntr] / JL kind K . ke, kee ct \ -ect, -ctd , S. ( ek, eek L d lord s dct,-dctd , 8W 31 >, them, mercy 1 Dd \ ded, did G / (not) Dis /o des, [ds], B ' \wgh 3 (own,) opinion o, oh I other 1 Dl OM \0 V del, deliver f des, dis i P, pe 15 prophet Emp P emph f Qu v quo, quest En j in S.B .11 C (our,) regard 1 Engl t j B.G .8', ss / (is, his, us f) .Enter f a inter t G.B T, te 1 time, to S, take f .ri ^ flame f U, ue | X upon, <> unto, ^ .En & fin, find V ^ (do,) very 1 Er ? from, lire! W (f with, what 1 .Eul / full X, ex \ expect .Gn J gen , gone .y Q yon .Gent J [gnt", S y ^ 'zeal .Gr J~ gre.it, ger 4 M 11 Double and Syllabic Characters continued. Ho c_ Hea J! .St A Imp 1 important 1! .Sted * stead, [std], S.T\V la ' en S.P> .Struct S [strct] .Inter f ? intr t fntr", G.B .Sub- / subject, [sb", G Kn 1 6 wil.will Pul- o> S I'honograiihy. AKBITUARIKS. Ppl > people Bid SW i About Pp ^ O prop [prp find again Recon r- [rcn; r. < 1',1'pt ( an, and P.esr X 1 _^ ^ beyond 1 .Hanip f\ rmp 2 I. # tr d Christian .Rimp ] rf> ^ M.-tr 5 V, do .Ilv r S j. .Xstr ? if 1 Sh shall i- g Pstr ^ -> u Simp- ^ symp Z Ord B \ n i nevertheless \ ~ TO . Spect- J [spc, spct Z Trd 1 '- uotwithsfau- : Sump- r ' Tret S i O of, might 1 .Sd /^ / \Vsd- said, S Whi 6 <=> often .Ses- (says) [s-s] S which 1 (^) *A/Y1rtA/Y\jQAuyV\ A . 1 - able, ble * [bl, bid Wj S.M,E a " ables, bles . fbls] SJH.E 8 ~ .fore, fcncetS [ferencetS"! E 18 /*> .fully or j LEP ; _y fulness E 1'J j .gencet [gntsf, gncef] S. M,E 20 ^ .graph, graphy 1, ography 1, grapherf M,E 21 -J .ographies 22 s ing A; ng.IP ning OP [ding W] S. M,E 23 y ings A; ngsJP ningsOP [dings W] S. M,E 2-i < ingedA; ngedJP S 25 - ion S .JCPR 20 . -r ions . S .JCPR 27 28 29 J cP ly Hy S lit Ity ; lidity W, add short sfor lities, Ities. logical, ological; logy 1, ology 1 UEP :a _ ; 32 33 uessed fngr, ngry, nography, nographcr, DT and put P 3] |ock r-a ous an. Medial is a dot before the middle of a double Ch., and ir the top or bottom where two Chs. meet : it is usually put a little to the left of the first Ch. -when both are joined at the top and in horizontal curves. See note, p. 66. C. Ruled lines are not absolutely necessary ; but, in the re- porting hand, they indicate more accurately the proper posi- tion for the characters. 7. The ingenious student may derive some assistance from the Diagrams given below, in remembering the forms of the diilcrent Chs. ; but perhaps, after all, they may be most easi- ly learnt by simply copying the exercises and referring to the alphabet. To join Chs., see Rules, p. 18. r b fl p t imp O /J 8. Initial un is a ring or shortened n, and, according to Rule 21, p. '-22. the ring is joined to the inner side of curves (like b, p, ob, op, qii), or crooks (like comp, comp, com and to the left side of all up-strokes (like/, y, n, g, r, s); 16 STENOGRAPHY. while the shortened n is used with a, c, i, ?r, .r, and all straight down-strokes (like d, s, t) ; the >tn. however, merely enlarges the' ring when the next character begins with a ring. FIRST EXERCISE, P. 10. Put th I for the, e o for he, ITS (/ for was, and these marks for . and, oof,o which, i about, > it. With the above and single Chs. not joined, write some vers- es of St. John's Gospel, Chap. 1, writing only one consonant when two of the same name come together ; as, In the btginning was etc. -O/ I \~J-?-*S; ff Leave eveiy alternate line blank, and continue writing in this way until you know all the Single Chs., taking care to draw /, y, n, g, r up, and the rest (if not horizontal; down. SECOND EXERCISE. In the last exercise draw a line under those letters for which you can find a Double or Syllabic character, and under eveiy word that is opposite to any Alphabetic Ch. in p. 10, etc. Draw a line also under every syllable that sounds like erd as erred, ird, irred, ttrd, ord), and to express this sound make the consonant before it thick ; as a thick w s for word. THIRD EXERCISE. Lean 1 , the Terminations (page 12) _ able, ous, _ ness, x went, . turn, *, ing, _, ly, and remember that ment and ly are to be put under the end of the preceding character. "Write on the blank line the first exercise, substituting the proper Chs. for the teiiui nations, and for the syllables, dou- ble-letters, and words you have underlined. STENOGRAPHY. 17 Double and Syllabic Characters. The ring-letters, ch, emp, imp, emb, des or di*, angl or engl, enter or inter, he, and &//, with en or in, ob, and re*t, are all initials, and have B after them, p. 10, to show that they only be- gin words. See Key, p. XX. The first pi can stand alone ; the other can- not, because it would look like on ; they are short curves, sloping like v. Plates 4, 5, 6, and 7 give exercises on these characters. Amp emp imp ump simp sump comp temp 1 r i 1 Y Y f t Amb emb imb iimb comb Bel .bl. Ch ch cl \ \ a *. v. -* ; c com con counter Diswdes del .Englf .ngle .Fer .fl .fu fr .Gn .gr He In .interf[ntr] Kn Ml Ob on op .Pl'or .pi' Recon rest .rv Sh o) S. ^ ^ /* ^ / spec .struct .sub'f o?- sub Th VI Wh wl X 7 / / I V, /' i whl 'super t Ced sed ted ct 6 i ' i 18 STENOGRAPHY. RULES FOR WRITING STENOGRAPHY, WITH REMARKS UPON THE CHARACTERS. 1. Phonetic systems require us to write only such letters as give the sound of words ; but as the habit has an inevitable tendency to lead many at length to doubt how to spell cor- rectly, I prefer deviating but little from the established orthography. The learner is reminded that he should give his attention chiefly to the exercises, as the writing of them will teach him the substance of the directions here given, more quickly and pleasantly than if he were to commit to memory these dry and formal rules. Tabular words in [ ] are not used in Stenography. 2. It is a common complaint with those who have tried " Pitman's Phonography," that it is hard to identify his characters if hastily written, and that time is lost in giving them their proper thickness. The force of this objection will be felt by any one rapidly writing one hundred marks of the simplest kind, promis- cuously thick and thin ; for he will find that there is a sen- sible loss of time in writing them with sufficient care to distinguish the thick from the thin. Gouraud, in the intro- duction to his " Cosmophonography," published 1850, has many just remarks upon this and kindred subjects. For this reason, I have chosen alphabetic characters of such shape that they can be distinguished without regard to their thickness. 3. K and Qu are properly horizontal curves (like Pit- man's m and n), no deeper or higher than r\ e, but spread- ing twice as much. If we mark them, as on page 10, with a dot, we need not be particular as to their size. 4. U, which is a horizontal half-ring, is rarely found at the end of English words, and we have a medial ?/ [for which see 5, page 15], so that there can be no mistake if STENOGRAPHY. 19 in Stenography we write medial and final e as email as u. But, as it is not always easy for beginners to preserve the relative size of horizontal curves, they are advised to put a dot over k, under qu, and in v, until they can read their writing readily without it. The dot renders these charac- ters distinct, however carelessly they may be written. 5. R is a large quarter-circle, or,' as is sometimes more convenient, a straight stem with a crouk at the top like rest, but r is always an up stroke, and rest a down-stroke. 6. Ex is always a perpendicular wave line beginning like c : take care, therefore, never to begin it like b. 7. The short bl and pi, when not initial, are drawn from left to right ; but (except before c, and characters taking the direction of down-stroke ) when they begin words they are drawn from right to left, so that their left ends, may be joined to the next characters. See examples in the exercises. For initial bla, we make bl as long as a, drawing it from right to left. PL 8, line 4, and PI. 6, line 11. 8. POSITION. The first long Ch., when there is one, rests its foot where we wish the word to stand. If the word is to be written on the line, the letters must be so joined as to let the first long character stand on the line: and when we find 1, 2, 3, or f after any termination or short Ch., the meaning is that the first long Ch. (in the word to which the termination or short Ch. belongs) stands in the position indicated. The first long Ch. of no word, unless it is one of the signs or ends in y, can stand higher than on the 2-line. When the Chs. are all shorts or horizontals, the lowest of the first two down-strokes rests its foot where a long Ch. would stand. 8, t, and the ringed dis, when fol- lowed by a consonant, take the position of short characters. 9. As the object is to combine legibility with brevity, we can let the Chs. a, b, c, d,f, g, t, I, m, n, o, p, 8, t, V, x, stand also for ay, be, ce, de, ef, ge, igh, el, em, en, ough, pe, es, 20 STENOGRAPHY. te, ve, ex; but the vowel is not omitted in Stenography when its absence would leave any doubt as to the word intended. Thus, while we may write da, ma, sa, b, si, for day, may, say, be, sigh, and mn for men, we must add e to b in beat, acd prefix e to n in mien. We can drop the vowel between two characters whenever it has the sound of short e, as d-th, death; loc-l, local; bas-n, basin; rand-m, random ; harb-r, harbor; sr, sir, etc. This can cause no ambiguity or hesi- tation, the vowel to be supplied having always the same Bound. See Note 2, page 34. 10 Final y is implied without writing it, by putting the word on the y-line, which is so called because final y is ad- ded in reading the Chs. upon it. Thus, b, m, th,fl, an, ever, when put on the y-line are read by, my, thy, fly, any, every. This line, which is confined in Stenography to words which can be written by one, two, or three characters requiring no vowels to be joined to them, is used in reporting when- ever we can thereby shorten a word ; and supplies (what is wanting in the reporting style of most systems) the means of always knowing with certainty when y is to be added to the written characters. Words ending in ay drop the y, and stand on the main line, because the y is silent : da on the y-line would be clayey. 11. Each of the Chs. in the alphabet, except angl or engl, enter or inter, and super, naturally, when it is alone, stands with its lowest part resting upon the line ; but, as a sign for a particular word, the Ch. is at times displaced ; as, d across the line for done. 12 To preserve the compactness and lineality of the writing, it is generally best to draw s, sub, and super, so as> make an acute angle with the character after them ; but. they must be drawn down both before and after r ; and when final, up after w and i. S&nd t may be long or short as is most convenient in the first part of a word ; but s must STENOGRAPHY. 21 always be long before the doable characters ct and ro ; and i always long at the end of a word. Final , if short, usually sounds like z. 13. When e, i, o, u, begin words, and are .followed by a straight stem, their ends point down before an ascending, and up before a descending stroke. The vowels must never be so joined as to alter the shaw or name of the preceding character. It is neater to let tho end of e point up, when the word begins with eg, or ey ; and down, in eb, ep, or et. The ends of e, o, u, are always tutnei down, so as to point towards the bottom of the p*per, p-ft^r/, fl, gr, r, the crook eh, and all down-strokes except the rnged ch, th, v,w, and wh. See p. 19, Rule 4 NOTE. The M-dot put to a, i, and the consonM fc", is all they require for v in the middle of word*, bat eometimos ,'ho i u-"- < and dot are pre- ferable. Initial e is always turned s.oa<* to mavTc aa in fie in joining d, TO, r, *, ', 10, and Chs. beginning lu;e them. See p. .'.'-, Sec. 5. 14. The ascending and descending Cus., tlat have not S or Q after them in the tables to show that ti\ev are shorter or greater, are all of one height ; and when they are joined by vowels or short characters, if one ascends snd the other descends, you will observe that the second long char- acter is shortened so as to prevent it exteudin%- higher or lower than the first : thus, in read, the d ends when it cornea to the line on which r begins. 15. F being an up-stroke, the following character is joined to the upper part of the ring. The ringed dit beiip a down-stroke, the next character is joined to its foot ; it cannot stan'd alone because it would be like/; U is R conveni- ent initial before ascending and horizontal cl-aracters.wtile the double stroke dis is, in general, neater before strokes, and used with them in all positions. 16. For is always represented by/; and tYs ~\&i 22 STENOGRAPHY. a syllabic Ch. is found, after a little practice, to contribute to ease in reading as well as writing, ^also stands forfer, fir, fur, when tbey are short and pronounced alike, but never for tlie long sounds fere, fire,fure. 17. The crook ch, not being an initial, is a convenient arbitrary for the pronoun it. And here we may notice that we always put e for the pronoun he ; th, for the / and the for tliey ; i.e., they are what we call Signs. 18. The crook ord, among Phonographic Chs., p. 11, is the sign or prefixed to d, and may be used as a syllabic initial in Stenography if preferred to three single letters. 19. When two consonants of the same name come to- gether without a vowel between them, we usually write but one ; if we double them, as directed on page 9, they im- ply that a vowel is to be understood between them ; as dd, for ded or did ; mm, for mem, etc. In double and syllabic characters, if we enlarge the ring of n in inter, it becomes intern ; the syllabic/, in the same way, becomes forf, as in forfeit ; while the enlarging of the rings of [cl, dl, rl,\ sh and temp adds I with its vowel ; as, sliell, temple. 20. Rings are of two sizes, single and double. The single ring should be made as small as will be distinct ; for, if we double the size of an initial ring, we prefix un to the character : thus, q important becomes o unimportant ; while, as seen by the last rule, the enlarging of the final ring adds another letter to the character. The only exception to this rule is p, whose ring if douoled makes pp, and if trebled in size prp: see Che. page 11. 21. Initial un may be expressed by a short- n before a straight horizontal line or down-stroke, and this n is short- ened until nothing of it remains but the ring, before b, ob, op, fr, all up-strokes, hoolcs, crooks, and horizontal curves. When the next Ch. begins with a ring, we have only to STENOGRAPHY. 23 double the size of that ring ; and when we have to make one. it must generally be on the same side of the next Ch as if it had been a long n. Reporters write an like un. The ring un and super can even go before the inilwls ; but for unen a long n is best, with the ring un on the left side of the lower end. See page 13, Sec. 8. To write un before the ringed dis, merely change the ring of dis to the left side, instead of enlarging it. 22. For over or under, we draw a short horizontal mark over or under the next Ch.in the same or following word. Thus, for overlay we put the mark ove-r the I, and for under a we draw it under the left end of the a. See over a, p. 113; moreover, p. 112. 23. PREFIXES. We may in the beginning of words write b for bene. m for magni* t for trans.* 6 " circum. ml " multi.* x " extra, h " hypo. o " omni. [x " expt]* Those marked * stand above the line. The 6 for bene is useful only before /, as, b-f actor, bene- factor. For circumc, we repeat the c, as in circumcision (p. 106), and thus distinguish it from double c, which is only a larger half circle. 24. The syllabic character He is used for all words be- ginning with He and Hea, but not for the pronoun He. 25. The short * for super must be written in such a manner as to make the first long character cross the line ; as, super with b across the line for superb. 26. It will occasionally be found plainer to separate a sign from the rest of the word, especially one that has with at the beginning or of at the end ; as, ndit/! in- struc-tite ; v-/* con-structed ; \A de-struc-tion. If it is a sign as, ^.temptation ; after pronouncing it, he says, " Sign temp-shun." If it is not ou the main line, as company, he says, " Sign comp ou the y-line," or as the case may be. 5. Examples are better than oral teaching, and the learner will find that, though the explanations may often- times seem intricate, the things themselves are very simple as goon as he examines the illustrations. 6. As the Stenographer inserts every letter that is neces- sary to prevent the slightest hesitation in reading, he cannot go forward at the railway speed he may attain by 34 STENOGRAPHY. adopting the abbreviations supplied by the following Pho- nography. Comparing his progress, however, with that of those who write only long-hand, it is not unlike that of a man traveling along at his ease, drawn by a good roadster ; while theirs is that of hapless pedestrians who must spend many more hours in laboriously performing the same journey. ADDENDA. 1. NOTE TO RULE 8, PAGE 19. When a character hangs on the line, the top hook or ring should rest on the line so that about two-thirds of a long character would be below the line. 2. NOTE TO RTJLE 9, PAGE 20. In the middle of words e, or vowels sounding like e, can be left out ; and experts, when in haste, drop nearly all medial vowels. 3. NOTE TO TERMINATIONS 8, 9, AND 10, PAGE 28. When a short character precedes these terminations (see page 13), it is easier to join the character to the last long-stroke, as-i-^ appl I cation, V- snppl I ca- tions. The termination ctions may cross the long character. 4. NOTE TO RULE 12, PAGE 25. As g and r are always shortened when they meet, so we may, for the sake of liueality, shorten rf, ry, rn ; but they are more distinct when full length. 5. NOTE TO TERMINATION 19. (See also p. 109.) When the short gent and gents stand for gentleman and gentlemen they must be half rings to distinguish them from the quarter ring IN. The character is hardly crooked enough on p. 109. EXEEOiSES STENOGRAPHY; PULPIT AND CORRESPONDING STYLE. PLATE 1. NOTE. Having thoroughly mastered the Alphabetic characters and sign-words as illustrated in the Exercises on pages 4-9, the student will be prepared to take up the double and terminal characters (given in tabular form on pages 10-14) which are gradually introduced and illustrated in the following exercises. In this Exercise the only new characters introduced are those to which particular attention is called in the Exercises page 16. It win be found that, by the use of even this much of our work, at least one- third of the time required by ordinary writing will be saved. 1. He was about to give him his opinion with regard to the question of his happiness. 2. The \\ord may have stirred them up. He Aared lay it there. See page 24, R. 2. 3. The bird heard the words of the men and stirred in the nest. 4. The fable of the pious man and his table is curio?/,?. 5. Its bareness, sameness, highnm, and grossnm, are very remarkable. See page 29, K. 81. 6. We lament the torment of his raiment and the poor- Tim of his garment. See page 29, R. 30. 7. The men of- his own nation had not a notion of his station. See page 30, No. 46. 8. He was saying a \\ord about doing what had been done for another. See page 28, No. 22. 9. May we rely vpon seeing him daily, weekly, and monthly. See page 29, No. 37. 10. Wisdom is a tree of life to them that lay hold of her. 11. Unto you, O men, I call ; and my voice is to the sons of men. 12. I love them that love me ; they that hate me love death. 13. Better is the end of a thing than the beginnm^, says the Word of God. 14. Buy the truth and sell it not. Be sure to do the ri<;ht. 15. Time and tide wait for no man, is a very old saying. 16. The race is not to the swift, nor the battle to the strong. (The character for ing, if joined to the preceding letter, is used to denote ong.) PLATE 1. 2. 3. /*/ i t v o "* . ^ \ J_ _ o L V - 1 , I - / L 0. 7. 8. 10 11 IS 14 15 16 t : (j I 1*1 VN / I rA o _ L L_/ L t r-f , I /C / / I I 448609 38 PLATE 2, NOTE. Single Letters, printed in italics, are not written. Double, Syllabic, and Terminal characters are printed in italics to denote that they are such. The student will find each in its proper place, in the columns alphabetically arranged on pages 10-13. Whenever a sign word appears for the first time in the following exercises, it will be printed in small capitals. An alphabetical list of the signs is given commencing on page 103. St. Jbftn's Gospel, Chap. I, /-/2. IN THE BEGiNNfrt^r WAS the word, AND the word was WITH GOD, and the word was God. The SAME was in the beginm'?^ with God. All THINGS were made BY HIM; and -without him was NOT ANYtlwz^ made THAT was made. In him was life ; and the life was the light OF men. And the light shineth in darkness, and the darkness coinp rehended IT not. There was a MAN sent FROM God WHOSE name was John. The same came FOR a WITNESS TO bear WITNESS of the light, that ALL men THROUGH him MIGHT BELIEVE. HE was not that light, but was sent to bear WITNESS of that light. That was the true light, WHICH lightetJt EVERY man that coMeZA INTO THE WORLD. He was IN THE WORLD, and THE WORLD was made by him, and the world knevr him not. He came UNTO HIS OWN, and his own received him not. Bur AS MANY as received him, to THEM gave he power to becOME the sons of God, even to them that believe on his name. PLATE 2. L r . L / (/(J, . L t . V J-f, -, i \r- ^ J-P O . O , L / 40 PLATE 3. 2"he Y ine, and Syllabic Characters. 1. By, my, "thy, any thing, every, bw ry, me rry, fury, try, dry, beau ty, emp ty, couiitry, countries, many (see Rule 10, page 20). 2. De ny, denial, si ngle, m i ngle d, angle d, NATUR- 1, internal, intends, entered, interred. 3." Kn ee, Ten ee 1, &?i i t, kn ock, kee n, dis mal, obsti- nate, opp o s i t e, t able s. 4. PI &y, pi igh t, pi igh ted, pi o t, pi ai n (see page 19, Rule 7), staves, stee^fes, stipwZate, Janets. 5. Naples, tipples, repeal, robe, robber, rotten, s ay 9. 6. Con struct, con strutted, rest ore, does, r e s o 1 ve, sh o t, sh a r e s, sh e dd ing, shore. 7. Shun, dull, cull, burr, mules. mulberry, mul- eteer, sh a ve s, said (see Rule 6, page 24). 8. P r a i sea", struct u re, stones, sub m i t, sw& v e r- s i v e, SUBJECTS, sub te n d s, sub te rf u g e. 9. SUBSTANCE s, sub orned, sub m i ss i ve, th us, th i s, th o se, wJi e n, w?i ere. 10. S-well-r/^ super fine (see page 23, Rule 25), in vwl- ne Table, braced, contented, elect, council, counsel. 11. Cunning, natur-al, swper natural, spit, spottcd : ih a wl, w o m en. 12. Re spect-able, temper, sign, sigh, descended, gen u-i-n-e, gen i a 1, fl igh t y, comp\ \ c a ted. PLATE 3. i ^.l,L.:tL v? 2 3 ff\- 4 -r- r v if\xv V \, ^ / 10 f 11 ^, X2. 4; UX if S -f 42 PLATE 4. 'Double, Syllabic, and Terminal Characters. 1. Amp 1, comp 1, e/p 1, imp 1, cul, dul, fan (see page 34, K. 6), mul, vul, be fore, BE COME, com ing, come /#. 2. S i#, v in^r, r ing, he mm i0, h igh ^, ha s t tn^, fr ee ing, fr ee ly. 3. Strips, wrings, brings, doings, s&yings, clings, w a v tn^s. 4. M o. to'cw, n o tion, r e 1 a ta-(W6, d-e-ew<, recent, conce<, comp 1 a cent, r e t i eew. 8. In deed, h a n ded, d e fen ded, s ong, 1 ong, s t r on<7, wrongd, thong (see page 28, Rule 22). 9. Therfore, nth er fore, fl-e-sh, rush, simp-le, recon- struct, attempt, Imp-roc-ing, des-e-rce. 10. Lame, calm, palm, vim, shm, call, del, vel, chl, wl, shl (see page 25, Rule 8). 11. Spcc-i-vaen, e-dition (see page 81, Rule 4), d-ou-ble, t-op, bottom, ^TI i sfi,8top,om i-tted, ch ai u. 12. R ea s o n, alter ations, s 1 igh te s t, bene f tt, prop-r, (see page 23, Rule 23), s w in d^e, pas ted. 13. (See page 13, No. 52.) Lst, mst, fst, pst (See page 32, Rule 52), impstr, Istr, mstr, fstr, pstr, nstr. 14. (See page 22, Rule 21.) Ob, unob, op, unop, con, un- con (see page 29, Rule 28), 1, Ity, Idty, Ities, Itry, sltry. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8- 9. 10 11 12 13 J PLATE 4. 1 / / 3 C \>/ \ V* V J C C /, L r- ^ ^> _yi, A, A W ^ G . /L o^^ t, L \ A Q> v> 5 \ J .[ 44 PLATE 5. "Double. Syllabic, and Terminal C?iaracters. 1. Ainp-ly, emp-\ r e, imp ou n d, imp o s t, imp u r e, imp- osed, hamp e r, comp e \, recon die. 2. Amb-e-r, emb-r o i d er, imb-r Me, comb i ned, cowzp are, comp ou n ded, comp u t e. 3. Comp-\ a i n, >mp ted, imp u ted, repu ted, bla n d, bla me, bio t, ifee d ing, blant ing, bli n d ing (see page 19, Rule 7). 4. (7 A ee r, c/t e r i sA, r i ch, s u cA, a ch e, t ou ch-ing, w r e t cfo*. 5. Ckwrttermanded, cown^rsink, encounter, en- counter cd , des ire, <&s i r ous, des i r ability. 6. Co It, c e a r, cl o th-ing, cl-imb-ing, flood, gr-eek a, A;te per. 7. E/, gwo-ta, common, en-ough, sigh, route, t r awyj 1. th i s, these 8. Embark, combination, nobility, liability, active, a c tivity, a c ticities (see page 31, Rule 48). 9. //p- ri ous, imp-eiioiisness, furious, fuT-i-ousness, like ness, comp \cxion (see page 12, Xo. 9). 10. Th-ough, r ow#A f*, t o>/gh ness, sh-i-ngle, m i ngle, h a mm er, pro xpect. 11. Prospective, \)esto\vment, sternly, unless, un- load in g, un m a nn cr ly, comp i 1 a tion, d> j ection, (see page 12, No. 9). 12. C-a-r-e fully, mournfully, ir \\th fully, unfaithful, unf ai th fully (page 28, Rule 18, faithfulness. 13. (See page 28, Rules 14, 15, 16.) F-a-shion-td , f-a- sAionaWe, unf a s/aon able (see page 13, No. 35). gr-.\ ness, deference, insufficient, proficiency, cupidity. 14. (See page 29, Rule 28.) "Rapidity, validity, inva- lidity, imp-e r f ection , ex i s t ing, fr e sh ness, r e cumb-e n t. PLATE 5 Wl i .] CL \s <: T r 46 PLATE 6. Doicble, Syllabic, and Terminal Characters. 1. Commotions, delusion, compensation, [constitu- tion (see page 13, No. 52), consti tution a\, un consti tution a\\, res e-rv-ation, e muL a tion. 2. Expect a tions, frni tion, un dul a tion, addle, rela- tion, un p r ofessionol, comp 1 ection, e 1 ections. 3. UnaWe, und!0e, un&?i0ww, unseen, unbend, un- i n sured or un in sured, un de n i ably (see page 22, Rule 20 and 21). 4. Undes i r able, un t auglit, un s o 1 d, un s ee n, un- s tfwg'/i t, un objec tion able, objec tions, object, all vsion. 5. \Jncomp 1 mining, winged, sions, unsw&dued, un- substantia], uncZes, unreal, unmannerly. 6. Untimely, un en 1 igb te ned, unprofitable, nnfore- s ee n, un tr u ly, un con sciousness, un OPEN ed, un 1 a- mented, section. 7. Un-heard, un HAPPINESS, unrestrained, peraua- sion, a ction able. S. WITH hold, con-de mnation, dis engage d, UNDER- STAND. 9. Unobtrusive, unsightly, insubordination, un con s u me d, temple (see page 22, Rule 19, line 9). 10. TEMPER [temporal], pupils, {doughs. 11. Bene factors, plighi, Wight, Wigh^rf, bl udcil belovf <1. xiiiipereA, extra, circumference. 12. (See page 23, Rule 23.) Magnitude, mnltitudf, tii/,><> thenu&e, hypo c r \ i *- , <>ini\>*, <'>' PLATE 6. 2. 1, A. -V. ~V /I. 3. r (^ f V\ 6. 7. Q. ^ ^~^ ~YL. 8. 10 1 11 ^v^ -H. *V=Ft A 12 ^ ^u: x-^-t, " 48 PLATE 7. ^Double, Syllabic, find Terminal Characters. 1. Ten able, assembly, comfortable, incomparable, v i si bly, dis ab'ed, en abled, s t ables. 2. In s tability, a bly, d a tighter s, si augh tered, ac ces- sion, intercession, concession, concessions, connection, conn- ections (page 12, No. 7-10). 3. Defection, affections, affectionate, needles, su- fferance, inferences, r eferencc, confessional. 4. Deficiencies, insufficient, before, fully, fulness, MAX ly, con tin gence, con t i ngent. 5. Wil fulness, thought fulness, telegraph, geography, ge ographical, ge ographies, s ing ing, d u r ing, de ny ing. 6. Flings, turning, winged, brings, lion, lions, amp ly, simp ly, t r u e. 7. G u i %, r e a /&ies, v a lidity, the ological, the ology, fir m a ment, fer mented, 1 a mented, r a tion. 8. H igh ness, wit nesses, [a Tigry, s te nography, p lio- nography], d ^cA;, aTn^i tiotw, saga wzw, s p e a'ozw. 9. RIGHTEOUSNESS, con sciousn ess, con scious, out, out er, dixpcl* dispelled, ^iglit, plighted, stupidity, opp- ressed. 10. Dressed, b reast, c rest, m e m, d i rest, b reasts, pressed, hearest (see page lo, No. 39). 11. Improvement [inscription, description}, my self, TEL? self, YOURse//' YOUR selves, THEM.selt.es, mil ^(f, OUB- 12. Worshipper, \ror-ship [author, authorize (seepage 30. Unle 45), authorized, authority, neither], nation, sta- tions, invention, intention, assumption, compulsion. 13. Consumptive, restitution, df#tituti<>/). ntions, destructive, in strut tire. / '<\ni strutted, in tcurd, re wards. PLATE 7. 1. V- /V Yt O"~' V_ \A 2. *1. ^s 4 - \ <- I' -^ 'I C V "I b ' r ,\ 52 PLATE 9. 2'he Control of the 'Passions. To subdue the passion* of those who are all passion is IMPOSSIBLE; to regulate them appears to be absolutely NECESSARY ; and WHAT are those passions which make such havoc, causing striking differences, exciting and de- pressing the SPIRITS, leading to great enjoyment, or cast- ing us into the severest afflictions ; what are they more than the DEVELOPMENT of our sensibility ? Life is shortened by indulgence in &nger, ill-will, anxiety, envy, grief, sor- row, and care. THEREFORE, it is the province of wisdom to EXERCISE a proper control OVER the passions. If you permit them to GOVERN you in-stcad of your governing them, you destroy the vital powers and impair the whole nervow* system. To attempt to regulate the actions and functions of the body WITHOUT paying ANY attention to those of the mind, is like sitting down content with avoid- ing one evil, while ANOTHER of EQUAL IMPORTANCE is still impending. A wise man governs his passions, but a fool permits them to govern him. When controlled, they are never-failing sources of (Might the genial warmth that cheers us along the pathway of life uncontrolled, they are consuming fires. The stream, when it descends slowly from the mountain and ripples through tne plain, adorns and enriches the picture; but when it rushes down in an impetuous torrent overflowing its banks, it devastates and ruins all in its course ; so the passions, if not kept in subjection, will lead us on to ruin of both body and soul. PLATE 9. L /" ^ "V / V j , ^A , ^_ V. I +_ .-.<> I + 'tT~ "Y"\-p \ *- L? < \^ o r 3 --- ^ i t I xvO> ^-^ V^7 V'-^V^r-a 67 v /a l~>v. x^ ^ > / N i X - " o l^rh 6^^ &\Sj. J / 54 PLATE 10. ^Romans XII, /-/6, I beseecli you, therefore, BRETHREN, by the MERCIES of God, that ye PRESENT your bodies a. living SACRIFICE, holy, ACCEPTable UNTO God, which is your reasonable service. And be not co/iFORMed to this world : but be ye transformed by the renewing of your mind, that ye may prove what is that good, and acceptable, and PERFECT will of God. For I say, THROUGH the grace GIVEN unto me, to every man that is AMONG you, not to THINK of iiniself more highly than he OUGHT TO think ; but to think soberly, ACCORDING-AS God hath dealt to every man the measure of faith. For AS we have many MEMBERS in one body, and all the members have not the same OFFICE ; so we, being many, are one body in CHRIST, and every one members one of another. Having, then, gifts differing ACCORDING-TO the grace that is given to us, WHETHER PROPHECY, LET us prophecy according to the proportion of faith ; or ministry, let us wait on our ministering ; or he that teacheth, on teaching; or he that exhorteth, on ex- hortation: he that giveth, let him do it with simplicity, he that rulcth, with diligence; he that sheweth mercy, with cheerfulness. Let love be without duAmid-ation. Abhor that which is evil ; cleave to that which is good. Be KIND'^ affe^i'0/ied one to another with brotherly (see page 80, II. 45) love ; in honor preferring one another ; not slothful in business ; fervent in spirit ; serving the LORD^ rejoicing in hope ; patient in tribulation ; continuing in- stant in prayer ; distributing to the necessity of saints ; given to hospita%. Bless them which persecute you, bless and curse not ; rejoice with them that do rejoice, and weep with them that weep. Be of tbe same mind one to- ward another. Mind not high things, but coud-< st'< ml to UH-U oi low enuAUj. PLATE 10. J> l v o J . T. . o o> I y^l J * I v 9 I A Y ^^ 7 v. f " I I _/t I /JO - I ^ ^ ' + ^ Ay_ > /, A> ~V^r- i ^ / ^ (^^ , | ^/ j + ^ ^ X> v , -v i ^~ -Y^^-^. f / / i ^ (K^ > . or / ; //^ ,-v- Af,. x A i J*/^, i I J s / . CX? , y 56 STENOGRAPHY. PUNCTUATION. The usual stops are employed, excepting only the period 01 full-stop, which is made thus + . For a comma, a long straight Ch., like sub drawn down under the line, is the most distinct. In reporting we have no time to insert stops, but leave spaces, and add them afterwards at leisure. NUMBERS. Our common Arabic figures are themselves short-hand nu- merals, and for most purposes sufficiently expeditious. Short- er characters are here given for those who prefer to use them in reporting. The short up-stroke of the figure one can be o- mitted when joined to other figures. The ordinals Jirst, second, third, etc., are known by being written across the line, thus : ! first ; 2 second ; 3 third, etc. 1234567890 / |3 r V. C ^ r\ o A figure on the y-line signifies so many hundred ; on the y- line with a dot after it, so many thousand ; on the line with a dot under it, so many million ; on the y-line with a dot under it, so many hundred million. Thus : 22. 2 is 2 hundred ; is 2 thousand ; 20 is 20 million : is 200 2. million ; 5 is 2 thousand and 5. By joining sub to any figure, we imply that we are to add or and the next higher number : as, 2 for 2 or 3. If we mix figures with writing, it is best to leave a space between it and them, and to let the first figure lap or stand half its length above the line ou wuicii the icat are written. PART II. PHONOGRAPHY; OR, VERBATIM REPORTING. WE have evidence that the Jews had carried rapid writ- ing' to a high degree of perfection at a very early period of their history. In the words, " My tongue is the pen of a ready writer," the Psalmist plainly intimates that the scribes of his day could write words as rapidly as they could be uttered by the tongue. The following transla- tion of some lines from the poet Ausonius, in praise of an expert writer in the time of the Emperor Qratian, confirms the quotation given in the preface, from Martial's Epi- grams, with regard to the dexterity of the Roman notaries : *'O wondrous art! though from my lipa The words like pattering hailstones fall, Thine ear hath caught them every one, Thy nimble pen portrayed them all. " My words no sooner are pronounced Than on thy tablets they appear ; My mind cannot keep equal pace With thy light fingers' swift career." Gouraud. No reporter of modern time* can do more, as respects rapid writing, than these extracts show was done by tha ancient Hebrew and Roman scribes. 58 PHONOGRAPHY. A Phonetic Alphabet, by which all the simple articulr d,f for ph, s for z, k for qu and hard eh, a habit dangerous for those who wish to remember the true ortho- graphy in ordinary writing. RUT.ES FOR WRITING PHONOGRAPHY 1. Write words with only the vowels and consonants heard in pronouncing them ; and drop every middle vowel, as well as every one which is not distinctly sounded at the end, unless it is included in a syllabic Ch. or termination. When the vowels flow so smoothly into the consonants that we can write them without losing time, a distrustful writer is at liberty to insert them in any doubtful word to make it more readable ; as, t in right or height, and o in thought or quote. When a vowel is heard at the beginning or end, it must generally be written, except in ex. 2. The letters, Chu., and words contained in [ ] brackets, as also the Supplementary Chs. at the foot of p. 11, now come into common use. NOTE. The consonants in [], in p. 11, are those the Ch. stands for In Stenography, and the Ch. represents them whenever we find them following one another in the same order, whatever may be the inter- vening vowels. In reading, we shall find that the Fame vowels whieh belong to the Ch. in Stenography will frequently give us the right word. Thus, comp becomes cmp, and may, therefore, stand for camp : but in more than 9 cases out of 10, comp will be the only syllable that Trill make sense with the context. PHONOGRAPHY. 61 3. That there may be no mistake, we here take from p. 10, etc., the syllables represented by syllabic Chs., in which the vowels can be dropped. Amp becomes in the after part of words mp with any vowel before it ; Cent becomes ent ; Com, cm; Comb, c m b ; Comp, c mp ; Con, c n ; Coun- ter, cntr [Ctd is used only in the end of words; Dct in all positions, and also for final dctd]; Dis or des, da; Inter, when the Ch. crosses tke line, is initial entr or intr ; but when it stands on the line, it drops the vowel, and becomes initial n tr ; Ngl is the same as angl, only when ngl begins a word it must stand on the line ; Pp may have its ring enlarged and be used for p r p ; Recon, r en ; Rext, r 8 t ; Ramp, r mp; Spec or spect, ap c or sp ct ; Sled, s t d; Strttc or struct, sir c or str ct; Sab, sb ; Super, a p r, which re- quires the word to be so placed that the first long Ch. will cross the line; Ted, t d (which now stands at the end of words for t d and 1 1 d), requires s, whether before or after it, to be short ; Temp, t mp. The Supplemental Chs. are read, though not written, with intervening vowels. 4. When two letters of the same name meet, write but one ; as, ms for mess ; se, see ; btr, better ; er, err. 5. But when two consonants of the same name have one or more vowels between them, write both consonants, as nn for nun or none; err for error. 6. The consonants that are silent or not heard very dis- tinctly are omitted ; as, c before k in sick ; p and I in pmlm ; w in write. H, even when sounded, is rarely neces- sary in the after-part of words, unless it belongs to a double character. 7. (1.) -Dmay be added to any initial and final ring Ch., by changing the ring to a loop, and another d may be added by thickening the end of that loop. PI. 15, line 1. (2.) Thickening k, q, ch, and h, or any long down-stroke standing on the 1 or 2 line, adds rd or rt rd if we thicken 62 PHONOGRAPHY. the end. rt if we thicken the beginning rd or rt if wo thicken the whole or the middle of the Ch. PI. 11, line 12. (3.) The thickening of a short or horizontal Ch. adds d to it in all positions. We must except k, q, and the horizon- tal ch, which belong to the previous rule. In the termina- tions tion and ing, the d is put before the tion and ing, so that, when thickened, they become dtion and ding. (4.) The thickening of a long down-stroke, not standing on the 1 or 2 line, adds only d to it. (5.) In modified Chs. like mem or lity, if we thicken the Ch. we must read the rt or rd immediately after the first letter, as mrtin for maritime, Idty for lidity. NOTE. If any one is dissatisfied with the abbreviations made by this or any other rule, he can write the words as in Stenography, only leaving out the middle vowels. 8. Nt is added to any short or shortened Ch. whenever it ia required to complete the sense. PI. 15, line 2. 9. In a short or shortened Ch., written across or under the line, nee or nts is added whenever it is required to com- plete the sense : thus, by shortening lie and writing it under the line, it becomes hence. PL 15, line 3. 10. As it is sufficient to put the dot for full in the last hook or ring, so we can put it in the crook of ness for ful- ness, as __ 11. If another Ch. is added to the arbitrary of, it is so joined as not to look like a ring Ch., as in some signs, p. 118: it is, however, almost as easy to write o and f. For speed, we may sometimes write fr for phr, and /for ph. 12. When r follows short rv in the after-part of a word they make an angle in joining ; but the angle is not neces eary in beginning a word, as the line shows where they unite ; as, rvrs (7 for rivers. 13. It ie often an object with a Phonographer not to lose PHONOGRAPHY. 63 even the time required for making: a dot ; we therefore omit the dot in k, qu, and u : the e and u should be quite email, so as not to gpread more than half as much as k and qu. The u retains the dot in the signs upon and unto. 14. Of bet ween words can be implied by putting the last close to the first. We may sometimes lap one over the other, as, in the phrase some of tJiem, the m may stand under the s. 15. When the intermediate vowels are dropped, the same consonants will not unfrequently come together and represent different words; but the sense of the passage will enable the reader, with such help, to select the .right word, and not only so, but one letter or syllable will often be suf- ficient to suggest the word ; or he may even altogether omit words in well-known phrases and sentences. It may seem to a novice impossible for any oue to make out manu- script written agreeably to all the rules for Reporting, but every art and science seems difficult until practice makes it easy ; and those who adopt the most abbreviated style of Phonography, in time read it with a facility surprising even to adepts in Stenography. 16. The Terminations have been explained under the head of "Notes on the Terminations;" and observe, that those which in the table have no [ ] brackets, never change their vowels : thus, the Ch. ous, p. 13, No. 34, which stands also for shut, can only be used when the word really ends in out ; as, gr shus, gracwua. 17. When the table gives no syllabic termination to shorten a word ending in y, that word must be written on the y-line. Rule 10, p. 20. 18. /^joined to short thick ted (which now stands for td, and in the after-part of words for ttd) is always short : as in gted for stead, stayed; or sttd * for stated, situated; but * must be always long before t in struct and structed. 64 PHONOGRAPHY. 19. S is long in sy, and short in ies, ise ; and all words with these endings are written on the y-line. 20. If we write short and t in words beginning with those consonants, long a and t will signify that the ini- tial vowel a or e is dropped, as, ss n, for assassin. It is bet- ter, however, not to use the initial short s in words below the line, as it would there interfere with super. 21. If we drop ngr, etc., p. 13, No. 32, and put the pre- ceding Ch. under the line, we must recollect that s is not shortened before a termination but when it is the last con- sonant in a word ; therefore, if we write ms under the line for messenger, s will be long, and if we add s for messen- gers, the last s will be short. This is a rule of very wide ap- plication, enabling us to express by one CL. a large num ber of words consisting of many letters ; as anger, danger, ginger, hunger, linger, manger, ranger, singer, mnegar, changer, etc. PI. 15, line 4. 22. Short rst like rest (p. 13, No. 39) is only the begin- niug of long rest, and is joined in the same way by drawing it towards the left ; as, brstr ~~f^~ for barrister. 23. When ness or ly follows tine, the ness or ly should be joined to the tine. See tively after tongue, p. 116. 24. Metic or matic may be expressed by putting the character for t so that the middle of it will be even with the end of the preceding character; as f~\ rheumatic. 25. Mdical and mutiral may be expressed by placing the character for I as in the former rule; as \s" J dra matical. INSERTION OP DISCONNECTED VOWELS. Those systems which have no connecting vowels, en deavor to supply the want of them by various contrivances of which the simplest, though not the most helpful to thfe reader, is the putting of a dot or comma wherever a vowel or diphthong is required. Others provide a distinct mark for the sound of each vowel ; and, though we have no occa- sion for such a method, we will here give similar marks, which will enable any one to transform our Phonographic notes into a hand very like that which, in Pitman's Pho- nography, is called The Corresponding Style. They are not of much value in our system ; still, as the dropping of the middle vowels in the hurry of Reporting will now and then leave a word doubtful, we may at our leisure here and there supply the place of a missing vowel with one of these marks, in notes which are intended to be laid aside for perusal, when perhaps, the subject will have been forgotten. It will be sufficient to write the easier form of each vowel, as in the first line, unless in some rare word we wish to show the exact sound. They are inserted like medial u. See p. 15, Sec. 5. 66 PHONOGRAPHY. \ ery little use, we imagine, will be made of these vowl- marka, but they will serve as an example of the only man- ner in which the whole vowel notation of some systems is expressed. The marks sound like the vowels in the words under them. a e i o u oo oi ou wa a aw THIN -r>io.w 1 -/' v_ 7 btfl/bet, bit, "hot, \>ui. fool, oi\. owl, ussutgv ah. all. o a c i o u oo THICK _ f\ i o v mate mete, mite, mote, mate. fool. NOTE. In a double or syllabic Ch., the dot or mark is put at the centre on the left without touching the Ch. A vowel between two Chs. must have its mark at the top of the first Ch. if they are joined at the top, and at the foot if joined at the foot. When the vowel is at the head, it is better to put the marks on the left than directly over it. In pointing, that mark is affixed which best expresses the sound ; as, /I sought. If two vowels come together they are put side by side ; as, X* defiant. Write "-p hitch HOW TO READ REPORTING HAND. In case of doubt, e or some other vowel is inserted be- tv.een the consonants, and the syllables are then pronoun- ced distinctly ; thus, for terror, written trr, we read tercr; and this, with the sense of the passage, will always, after a little practice, direct us to the right word. Wben a contracted Ch. blends with that before it, the last is the shortened one, and must be read accordingly ; as, ~Y pronounce, /> insui gents, both of these words' beinj? written across the line. See p. G2. II. 0. _ . PHONOGRAPHY. 67 PHRASE WRITING. To prevent loss of time by raising the pencil from the pa- per, the Reporter may unite two, three, or four short words or signs, whenever they will join neatly without running too far away from the line or confusing the reader. In doing this, the last word that is not on line 2, must keep its place ; and if any of them belong on line 2, they can be moved, if necessary, to enable those not on it to preserve their proper position. If all are on the line, they stand just as if they were one word. Thus, the last Ch. in by thy stands on the y-line. In \r as they have not, the Chs. stand as if all one word. See foot-note. 1. Shorten hace to have not only after e, i, o, . y, that it may not interfere with able. The signs he and / turn either way in phrases, like the half-rings for you and your. 2. Drop the in the middle of phrases ; ar., in-last place and imply of the between words by overlapping them a little, or writing them close together. 3. A word immediately repeated is expressed by repeating the separated termination : as, - hohj, ho///, holy. 4. In Rule 27, p. 23, if we shorten sub, we read or for and ; as, N l$7 more or /ess ; J father or mother. 5. May and she seldom require vowels in phrases ; a?, V>v may hace been. 6. From day to day, from place to place, etc. are briefly ex- pressed by writing the repeated words close together ; us, || from tune to time. 7. The short t lor to often begins, but can seldom end a phrase. It can stand for that, and short th for the. NOTE. Words marked 1 and 3 do not go together. [fat siijn be phrased wirh a first-place word, about one-third of the't sign stands below tke liiic ; as wry wiwcA, V> V t. TO THE STUDENT. THIS Phonography, as has already been stated in our definitions, page 1, has for its basis the same characters as the Stenography, and "expresses with the utmost brevity the sound of words, dropping every letter that can be omitted consistently with a due regard to their legibility." If, therefore, it is your desire to master the art of report- ing, your first task will be to make yourself acquainted with the char- acters, and their mode of joining, as set forth in Tart I. Having ac- complished this, you will next take up the following exercises, which gradually introduce the methods of contraction and abbreviation (as given under the head of "Rules for Writing Phonography," pages 60-64), and furnish every means of insuring the greatest brevity and rapidity. The exercises are inductive, and you will discover very little difference between the advanced Corresponding and the primary Reporting examples given in Plates 12-14. The key-pages have been printed in such a way as to enable you to see, at a glance, exactly what characters are used in each word. It will be an easy matter to apply the same principles in parallel cases. Immediately after these exercises, an Alphabetical List of our Signs is given. (See page 101, No. 2.) The analysis of them will be found both interesting and profitable after yon have mastered the few pages that follow this. Many persons learn the signs without regarding the elements composing them. This is a great mistake. By turning to the Introduction to and the "Notes on the Signs" you "will find a number of valuable suggestions as to the manner of their formation and the best mode of learning them. Pay close attention to these hints, and more than half the time and labor you would otherwise spend will be saved. EXEEO1SES PHONOGRAPHY; OB, THE EEPOETl^G STYLE, 70 PLATE 11 NOTE. This exercise, for the most part, illustrates the first five rule? commencing on page GO. 1. Their names were written on tablets far more dwrable than brass and marble. 2. Empire, emperor, tarry, bearer, "basin, cousins, class, close, closed, dearer, foretell or fertile, suffer, stated. (See page 60, K. 1.) 3. Situate, spot, safe, send, sir, gain, guide, game, jwg, bees, formal, enters, compete. 4. Impwte, dis trac ted, dusted, lasted, latitude, late, com- mitted, competed, amputate, amputated, strive, strew, stern, sin or sine, drug. 5. Lean, object, singled, mingled, minds, lints, passes, possesses, potters, leggy-type. 6. Stamps, settle, sell, pines, pest, misses, Moses, pepper, proper, pot, potted, gun, shot. 7. Shelter, shell, burned, subdue, subterfuge, submis- sively, gained, spend, smell, tried. 8. Stirred, sturdy, steady, steed, strm'g?it, or strait, com- press, repress, distress, pl-o-t, fins, dresses, liyhted. 9. Superfine, countermand, umbrage, embryo, lump-lighter, tempter, frig/tt, free, natural, naturalist, supernatural, snail. 10. Set, support, spiral, takes, dissuade, subdue, suborn, submissive, subtended, seize, males, fVmalis, d ntcd. 11. Situate, steed, settle, sell, spare, spares (see page 61, line 14), spared, spiritual, spiritualist, smite, summer, deinwr, demurred, defer, defied. 12. (See page 61, R. 7, No. 2.) Interred, varied, pride, tarred, cried, dried, short, mart, smart, smeared, salaried, sobered, subdued, comprised, disease, seedy. 13. Trod, broad, marred, HYPO; TUSY, abode, encountered, scoundrel, tedious, tread-mill, adeqate, Inadequate. 14. Addition, universal, traced, embraced, dust, distance, fountain, fountains, found, fondle, framdation, trad-tion. ' 15. Morning, evening isc:- page 29, line 0, restitution, station, situation, destination, determination, illumination (gae Rule 4, page 31), examination, irritation, ordination, SUBJECTION. PLATE 11 i. v 2. 6- *V- 1 1 >^ ">i .V^-V T IT 7. c^C/ s. \ ^ ^ 9- 10 ^ 13 " ^ ^ ^^ - 14-. y i^ v^xi\^ ^ ^> /\ 15 V X J ./ -i. A VT Vf V,. t- 5- 73 PLATE 12. NOTE. The words printed in italics, with a hyphen between them, are phrased. St. John's Gospel, Chap. X, f-W. Verily, verily (see page 67, Rule 3), I-say-unto-you, 7ie that enter th not by the door into the sheepfold, but clirnb- eth up some other way, the same is a thief and a robber. But he that entereth in by the door, is the shepherd of the Bheep. (See page 63, Rule 14.) To him the porter (see page 62, line 1) openeth ; and the sheep hear his voice : and he calleth his own sheep by name, and leadeth them out. And when he putteth forth his own sheep, he goeth before them, and the sheep follow him : for they Ksow his voice. And a stranger will they not follow, but will flee from him : for they KNOW not the voice of strangers. This parable spake Jesus unto them : but they understood not what things they were which he spake unto them. Then said Jesus unto them again, Verily, verily, I say unto-you, I-am the door of the sheep. Ail-that ever came before me are thieves and robbers: but the sheep did-not hoar them. I-am the door : by me if any man enter in, Jie-shall-be saved, and shall go in-and-out (see page 23, Rule 27), and shall find prtstwre. The thief cometh not, but for to steal, and to kill, and to destroy. i. V. PLATE 12. / 3. 4. 5. *$ 6. IX * 8. Z. 9. r L .\ .A l * -s 10 ir r /- , \tr t V 74 PLATE 13. / Corinthians, Chap. XIII f f-9. Though I speak with the tongues of men and of angels, and have not charity, I-am become as sounding (by putting ing above the s, and thickening it, we have tiding see page 28, Rule 22, and note on page 30) brass, or a tinkling cymbal. And though I-have the gift of PROPHECY, and understand all mysteries, and all knowledge ; and though I-have all faith, so-that I-could remove mountains, and have not charity, I-am nothing. And though-I bestow all my goods to feed the poor, and though I give my body to-be burned, and have not charity, it PKOFireth me nothing. Charity suffereth long, and is kind ; charity envieth not ; charity vaunteth not itself, is not puffed up, doth not be- have itself unseemly, seeketh not her own, is not easily pro- voked, thinketh no evil, rejoiceth not in iniquity, but re- joiceth in the truth, beareth all things, beH'eveth all things, HOPeth all things, ENDTJRETH all things. Charity never faileth: but whether there be prophecies, they-sJiall fail; whether there be tongues, thcy-shatt cease ; whether thcro bo knowledge, it shall vanish away. For we know in part, and we prophesy in part. PLATE 13. 1. I -, 2. __ i X 3. . ~s 4. C 5.// ^M 7. i 8. -^ 9. 7- /?. _ J XL> J . U S v" . _ / C D Si : 1 L 76 PLATE 14. NOTE. Observe particularly in this exercise, the mode of implying Of (see Rule 14, page 63), (her, nee. 1-6. On the 10th of June, 1871, a bronze statue, which-had been placed in Central Park, in HONOR of Professor Morse, the inventor of the ELECTRIC telegraph, was unveiled by the GOVERNOR of MASSACHUSETTS, in-the-presence-of Morse himself and several thousand spectators. The Governor of New York began the appropriate (a-prp rt) addresses which- were DELIVERED on the occasion; and Morse received from all QUARTERS CONGRATULATIONS by the telegraph, which-is now the means of instantaneous communication with people through o ut-the-world. 7. The love of money is the root of all evil. Take heed and beware of covctousness. 8. The unbelieving Jews stirred up the people, and made their minds evil-affected towards the brethren. 9. (See page 30, Rule 45.) Northern and southern HEMI- SPHERES. Do this in remembrance of Me. 10. Recommendation, shelled, dazzle, empty, ministers, ministry, accent, infant, fountain, finance, inform. 11. Varieties, plenty, city, definite, shortest, circulation, eokttZation, acquit, acquittance (see page 62, Rule 9), de- liverance, lame. 12. Almost, free-will, fore-knowledge, busy, boys, babies, babes, dressed, transitory, SWITZERLAND. 2. ^ 3. I* 4 5. 6. 7. 9. PLATE 14. / P 10 A;-O< V4 f 11 V. \ 6- -c i; 7 PLATE 15. 1. (See Rule 7, page 61.) Fed, Id, led, made, ned, paid, Bend, sold, nailed, told, repaid. 2. (See Rule 8, page 62.) Bent, cent, dent, gent, lent, merit, rent, sent, tent, vent, went, mountain, fountain, client, amount, evident. 3. (See Rule 9, page 62.) Gents, hence, fence, sense, tense, mince, pence, dense, clients, amounts, defendants, defence, complaints, relents, pretence. 4. (See Rule 21, page 64.) Anger, manger, U'nger, hun- ger, ranger, ginger, messenger, finger, danger, singer, chan- ger, avenger, wringer. 5. Division, po sition, diff union, de cision (see SIGN, Z-SHUN, UTION, and C-SHUN terminations), contr o vert, affected, ind is pens oWe, incomplete, decompose, a-commo- dated. 6. Interchange, i RRECONCiLaMe, re combined, SELF re spect, SELF ish, uncomp ared, uncombined, undis ma^ed. 7. Clairnate, incumbent, recumbent, conjunction, in- terval, in con ve?iient, in con ceivaWe, postpone. 8. Spirituality, sens-ation, endanger, dangerous, ex- action, convocation, revelation., revolution, countersign. 9. Drive, punishments, assignments, seafaring, specu- late, financir/1, radroad, opposite, arrangement, pro- tr acted (see page 31, Rule 49). 10. Supplied, involve, notification, perpetwal, pres-crip- tive, preservation, trans parent, timidity, \iciousness. 11. Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, to-day, to-morrow, YESTERDAY. PLATE 15. 1 . 2 3. 4. 5. G. 7. 8. 9. 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 \ / I V \ / -, CO 7 ^ V _^ -/ s ' x- /_ 5 7} k r / ^' l' s 80 PLATE 15. 12. January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September. 13. October, November, December, spring, summer, autumn, winter, days, weeks. 14. Attach ments, attai-nments, concert, council, counsel, already, association, obvious, prop-e-rt-y, a-pprop-riate. 15. Envious, serious, plaster, blister, Chester, (see page 31, Rule 52), cluster, priest, trust, thrust, crust, trustees. 16. Unbe arable, porter, afraid, deception, moderation, formation, refor/no^ioH, renovaftow., dissolution. 17. Conster nation, exter urination, stimul ation, estima- tion, -meditation, exultation, popzdation, alteration, retain- ed, spending, tending. 18. (See Prefixes, page 23.) Transport, transact, trans- mit, transformation, circum volution, circum vention, extra- dition, exposition, explication, contraction, refection. 19. Dignity, diction, decision, remonstrances, factions, superintendents, associated, reporting. 20. Interfere, custom-house, plaintiff, confident, consum- mation, mercantile, incidental, failure', preferable. Write the following according to the principles illus- trated above : Fatality, liberation, protracted, prov-sion, disrespect, inter-mixed, edification, achievement, in-te-nding, appre- hend, trans-late, treat-able, con for mation, exactness (x-ct- ness), exer-tion, memor-able, conste-11-ation, engffgenu-nt, enjoy ment, eq?table, expeditious, derangement, symp- tom, administer, vivacious, stm'ive, vaunt ing, likeness, indign ation, abandon, simwl ation, employ ment, cordiality, feebleness, heaviness, wakeful, watchful, incision, ex- cision, pre cision, bi-section. PLATE 16. The Rights of Man. BLACKSTONE. The absolute rights of man, considered as-a free agent (see page 62, Rule 8), endowed with, discernment (see Note, page 30) to know good from evil, and with power of choos- ing those measures which appear to him to-be most desir- able, are usually summed up in one general appellation, and denominated (d-n-mnt-d) the natural liberty of man- kind. This natural liberty consists (const-s) properly in-a power of a-ct-ing as one thinks fit without any rest-ramt (see page 62, Rule 8) or control unless by-the law of na- ture, being a right in-he-rmt in-us by-birth, and one of the gifts of God to-man at his creation, ichcn-he endued him with the faculty (see page 29, Rule 28) of free-will. But every-man when-he enters into society, gives up a part of his natural liberty as-the price of so valuable purchase, and in-consideration-of receiving the ADVANTAGES of mutual commerce, obliges (when words commence OBL it is suffi- cient to write BL) himself to conform to-those laws which-the community has thought proper to ESTABLISH. And this spec-its (see page 64, Rule 19) of legal obedience (ob-d-ence) and conformity is in-fmite ly more desirable than-that wild and savage liberty which-is SACRIFICED to-obtain it. For no man that considers a moment would-wish to-retain the absolute and uncontr-o-lled power of doing whatever he PLATE 16. g j, ^, - n ^ / c^- ^ \ /. i %, ^X r / / / t I . N. \ \. A \ v 1 , V - PLATE 16. 83 pleases, the COXSEQCENCK of ichich-ia that etery-othcr-man would also have the same power, and then tfiere-would-be (thrd be) no security (s-crt-y) to any individuals in any of the enjoyments of life. Civil liberty, therefore, which-is that of a member of society, is no-ot/ierih&n natural liberty, so-far restrained by human laws as-is-necexsary and ex- pedient for the general advantage of the public. Hence we- muy conclude that-the law which restrains a-man from doing mischief to-his fellow-citizens (ct s n s), though-it diminishes the natural, increases the civil liberty of mankind; but that those which constrain our conduct in-matters of in- difference, without any good end in-view, are regulations destructive of liberty and a species of tyranny. Exercise on some of the most common words. No man is prosperous (pr spr ous) whose immortality is forfeited, and none are rich to whom the grave br-ings eternal BANKRUPTCY. No man is happy upon whose path there rests but a momfntar^ glimmer of light shining out between clouds that-are closing over him in-darkncss for- evermorc. There-can-be no barrenness in full summer. The very sand will yield something. Rocks will have mosses, and ev.-ry rift will have its flower, and every crevice a leaf. And so when the soul knows its summer, love ivdi'f ms its weakness, clothes its barrenness, enriches its poverty, and makes its very desert bloom and blossom as the rose. PLATE 17. . -v- . L^ ^- j_ / >>\ x ^ L / v V / J I ^ r- - r - / A /I V OU7J- ^"l.^/ V A A 3j_ / .. ^ , is L ^ ^ , v J -^ X1J I ^ -^ ^ - . l^ *^ I -< 4 / t^ s^ n , + ^ i/ 5- . t s- -> ^ ' - '/"^ l v i / << f ' v ^l ,17 - 3 ^_ , / x Ix- f -^ C ^ v PLATE 17. 85 The Objects of Law. BLACKSTOXE. One of the first objects of all law is to-mete out JUSTICE ; another is to-make justice pursue quickly on-the heels of wrong; for justice delayed often falls short of preserving the rights of the injured party, especially in business trans- actions. Therefore, when-a law is found to be so faulty that-a wrong-doer may for a long time, by tricks, avert or avoid justice, it-sJiould-be so remodeled as-to permit officers of the law, whose duty it-is to-see justice done, to- prevent such unreasonable delay. The next object of law is, in all cases, to ascertain truth. To-do this in judicial (j-d-cl) investigations it-has for a long time been admitted by j urists and statesmen of all civilized countries, that WIT- NESSES *7io>/ld-be subject, in-their examinations relative to transactions within their knowledge, to examination and cross-examination by and in-prescnce-of both parties to-the dispute. In-this way the condition and knowledge of wit- nesses are best sifted. Another object of law is that such rules in-the government of trials may-be ADOPTED as will admit both parties to-the same privileges, so-that none may complain of the course that-i-8 pursued with all. If men were tn-lire in a state of nature, disconnected with all other individuals, each living separately by himself, thtrc- tcould-be no occasion for any other laws than those of nature and God. But man was formed for societv, and is 86 PLATE 17. neither able to-live alone, nor indeed has he courage to-do it. And as-it-is impossible for the whole race to form one great society, they-must necessarily divide and form separ- ate states and nations. Hence we-have a third kind of law to regulate their mutual intercourse the law of nations which depends upon agreements and treaties and com- pacts between these several states and nations. Owing to- the several interests of the different parties to-these agree- ments, much difficulty is encountered in forming such laws as-will bear the test of time. NOTE. The following is an exercise on the signs, and each word used therein will have its representative characters given in the tables at the end of the book : The particular paragraph in the pamphlet for which pecuniary consideration was to be given was much ob- jected to by the very person whose opinion was said to be most j udicious. The executor and executrix were not able to give a satisfactory explanation before the justice of the irregularity in the accounts of the different physicians. Our correspondent could not cultivate the acquaintance of the several members of the committee, because a resolution had been adopted which discharged all from office who should be observed in company with him. Notwithstand- ing the extraordinary influence of a certain politician, the secretary of the exchequer, in accordance with an order of his honor the judge, discharged the defendant, against whom nothing had been established. PLATE 18. 87 NOTE. A few of the words in the following exercise are here out- lined: E-d-cation, h-ist, imprt-ance, n-ther, ad-v-ce, c-mndation, d prt ment, c-vl-sed, s-cty, ind s pus-able, a tracted, t ntion, p rents, vrt u, us fully, bl-g-tions, pr spr ty, in fncy, a qrd vrsions, flence, actions, d fnce, dvrsfd, ind ted, fscl, in v gr ation, d r ection, dct ts, grt f cation, e mtions, pr fl gey, . c pld, v 1st, at rctjes. Education. (SEE NEXT PAGE.) "Education being UNIVERSALLY acknowledged of the highest importance, requires neither advocacy nor com- mendation. In-every department of civilized society, in-all the social relations of life, it-is CONSIDERED indispensable, and has therefore in-all ages attracted the attention of parents, sages, PHILOSOPHERS, and even of LEGISLATORS. To-in stil into the mind a sense of virtue and religion, to discharge usefully and honorably the duties ice-owe to-our- seltes and to-the-piiblic, to-cultivate the understanding and to-diffuse the light of knowledge, are-not individual but general interests, since on-the discharge of those important obligations depend in-a-great-meawre peace, pleasure, and prosperity here, and eternal happiness hereafter. The wise man has-srid, Train-up a child in-the-way he-shcdl-go, and PLATE 18. T ' -/ > . -, "* ] r . />,- PLATE 18. 89 when-he-is old he-will-not depart from it an advice that contains more-wisdom than-wlumes of modern ethics. In infancy are acquired desires, aversions and passions, which ever after influence our-actions, clinging to-us through-life even in defiance of our judgment, forming as-it-icere-a-part of our nature, and often giving to-reason itself an IMPROPER bias. Nature, it-is-true, Jias-greatly diversified human character, but in-that-respect the influence of education has been more powerful. To-the-first we-are indebted for our physical and intellectual powers; to the other we-owe their development, invigoration, and direction. Man, un- iutored, ranks in the scale of animated nature but-little above the irrational (see page 80, No. 2) beings by-which-hr- is surrounded. Actuated by the cravings of want, the influ- ence of unrestrained passion, the dictates of unreflecting ignorance, or the gratification of a grovelling and selfish feeling, he acts by instinct rather than by reason. Dis- daining all-law, disobeying all control, uninfluenced by emotions of religion, vice is often mistaken for virtue, the carnal appetites are indulged, and the too frequent conse- quences are abandoned profligacy coupled with the vilest atrocities." Onr-Father who-art in-heaven, hallowed be-thy-name. Thy kingdom-come. TJiy-wUl-be-done on-earth, as-it-is in-heaven. Give-us this-day our daily bread. And forgive us our debts, as-we-forgive our-debtors. And lead-usnot into-temptation ; but- deliver-w from-evil. 90 PLATE 19. The Nature of True Eloquence. " When PUBLIC bodies are to be addressed on momentous (mm-ut-ous) occasions, when great interests are at stake, and strong passions excited, nothing is VALUrtto* in speech further than it-is connected with high INTELLECTUAL and moral endowments. Clearness, force, and earnestness (r-nst-ness) are the qualities which produce conviction. True eloquence, indeed, does-not consist in speech. It can- not-be brought from far. Labor and LEARN?'/*/; may toil for it, but-thi >/-icill toil in-cain. Words and phrases may-be marshaled in every way, bxt-they cannot compass it. It- miiit-t exist in-the-imui, in-thc-snbja-t, and in-the-occasion. Affected passion, intense expression, the pomp of declawza- tion, all may a*pj>e after it ; they cannot reach it. It comes, if-it comes at-aU, like the outbreaking of a fountain from the earth, or the bursting forth of volcanic fires with ORIGINAL, native force. The graces taught in the schools, the costly ornaments and the contrivances (contr-v-enee-s) of speech, shock and disgust men, when their-own lives, and the fate of their wives, their children, and their country, hang on the decision of the hour. Then words have lost their power, rhetoric is vain, and all elaborate oratory con-- temptible. Even genius itself then feels rebuked, as in-the- e-of higher qualities. Then patriotism is eloquence ; then self-devotion is eloquence. The clear conception, out- running the (inductions of logic, the high purpose, the firm resolve, the dauntliss spirit, speaking ly-the tongue, beam- ing from-the eye, informing every feature, and urging the whole man onward to his object this, this is eloquence ; or rather it-is something greater and higher than all elo. quence: it-is action noble, sublime, God-like action." By DANIEL WEBSTER. PLATE 19. "X / -7 r V, + -VS ^ // ; Jy, . j V- j V l c c V- L ; ^ <; . xi V / Vi / i L/ A / l cK^ N< ck^x 1 1 N^K I ^ "6 I 7/7 I , U X V-V- ^ , / 3 I/ L/ / -1 PLATE 20. Short-Hand. " The art of short-hand writing is one ichich-has engaged the attention of educated and practical men from a very early period of the world's history (see page 32, Rule 52). Language is the glorious attribute of man the right-arm of human intellect and human power. It consists of two parts spoken and written ; and the latter is but the off- shoot of the former. Whatever- may-have-been the origin of language whether it sprang out-of-the inventions of man or the conventions of society, or whether it origin- ated directly in-the inspirations of divinity is a question that has-been much discussed by some of the ablest scholars of EUROPE and AMERICA. The FACULTY of speech exists, and has existed, through-all-the-agcs of man ; and the ne- cessity of writing, for the purpose of recording historical facts, communicating with the absent or the distant, and giving permanence to-thought, must-have made itself strongly felt in-the-minds of the earliest races. Tho first form of writing appears to-have-been the simple pictorial which, by natural and easy DEVELOPTWgwfa, has issued in the various forms that have sprung up among the different nations of the earth. The art of short-hand writing is but a natural outgrowth from the abbreviated style in-use among the ancients a VEVELorment of the natural tend- i _/iy . PLATE 20. / / . /v r-l /" I S w . V- / 51 v_ or -V . j + I . f V 94 PLATE 20. ency in the human mind to simplification and abridgment, so as-to save time and abolish labor and toil as-much-as possible. It-is capable of imparting so many advantages to-persons in-almost every situation of life, and is of such extensive utility to-sodety, that-it-is justly a matter of sur- prise that-it-has-not attracted a greater share of attention and been more-generally practiced. The FACILITY it affords to the acquisition of language ought-to render it an indispensable branch in-the-education of youth. The ac- quirement of the art tends greatly to improve the student in-the-principles of grammar and composition. While tracing the various forms of expression by-wMch the same sentiments can-be conveyed, and while endeavoring to represent, by modes of contraction, the dependence of one word upon another, he-is insensibly initiated in the science of universal language, and particularly in the knowledge of his native tongue. By-this means many ideas which daily strike us, and which otherwise would-be lost forever, may-be preserved." NOTE. Write the following words by implying nt and nts or nc, according to Rules 8 and 9, page 62 : Chant, flint, regent, pedant, potent, silence, enhance, ex- panse, romance, prance, eloquence, residence, conveyance, indulgence, accidents, emigrants, patients, presents, ere- dence, claimants, audience, nuisance, remnant, descendant, occupant, prevalent, distant, talent, constant, event. PLATE 21. 95 NOTE. Phrases are of the greatest assistance to the reporter. A careful examination of the examples given will put the student in possession of the principle upon which they are formed, and enable him to phrase as much as he pleases. 1. I-have, I-have-not, I-can, I-cannot, I-do, I-do-not, I- could, I-could-not. 2. To-be, to-have, to-have-been, it-is, it-is-not, to-it, to- them, to-do, in-the. 3. I-am, I-am-not, I-shall-be-able, I-shall-not, I-sliall-be, I-shall-not-be, I-shall-be-able-to-do, I-shall-not-be-able-to-do, I-should, I-should-be. 4. I- will, you- will, he-will, they-will, it-will, it-will-be, it- will-not-be, we- will, we- will-not, as-it-is, as-much-as. 5. Ought-to-have-been, ought-to-be, he -that, that -he, that-you, that-the, that-they, that-they-may, that-it-is, that- there-are, I-must. 6. I-must-have, all-that-is, so-that-it, I-think, I-think-it-is, that-you-have-not, as if, if-you, which-have-had. 7. Can-be, cannot-be, do-you, if-we-are-to-be, if-it-were- necessary, it-is-necessary, when-I-vvas, I-hope-to-be, you- will-observe. 8. I-have-received, you-may-as-well , you- will-find, as-I- have-said, it-must-be, if-it-had, it-it-did, was-not-to-be 96 PLATE 21. 9. Which-is, might-be, might-have-been, was-never, which-we, in-the-presence, let-it-be, although-it-is, in-that- respect, in -t he-last-place, in-the-first-place, ladies-and-gen- tlemen (see page 23, No. 27). 10. Male-and-female, brother-and-sister, above-and-below, men-women-and-children, as-near-as-I-can, in-order, on-the- contrary, as-they-have, great-as-it-is. 11. As-good-as, at-least, by-the-way, as-they-do, how- could-you, in-my-opinion, what-is-your-opinion, in-hasfe, former-occasion, how-it. 12. For-instance, far-be-it, it-is-your-daty, no-communi- cation, at-once, to-you, although-it-may-appear, whatever- have-been, so-as-to. 13. In-reference, as-long-as, but-is-not-able, if-it-should-be, as-well-as, let-there-be, as-there-will-be, to-have-done, I- should-think, think-you. 14. Whatever-may-have-been, my-friend, my-dear-sir, nobody-can-be, whicli-has-been-found, where-it-would-be, if-possible, with-you. 15. What-is-his-name, would-not, would-not-be, very-well, no-other, as-regards, then-I-am, who-is-not, day-to-day, time-to-time. 16. It-will-not-do, if-it-will, as-much, which-you-ought- to-have, where-do-you-reside, shall-I-be-told, I-call-upon- ycu. PLATE 21. 98 EXERCISES. NOTE. Write the following words with the Alphabetic Characters which represent them (see page 10, column 1) : I have not had time to begin. My own opinion is. His regard for us. I expect to have time to take. Lord, have mercy upon them. With what prophet. Individual happi- ness, lie had done. I endeavor to begin. With what zeal I endeavor to give. Come, have a regard for his in- terest. Give him half you have. He is certain to come. His mercy be upon you. I expect to give him happiness. You have been very kind to us. NOTE. Write the following words, using the Double and Syllabic characters (pages 10 and 11 ; see also page 60, No. 1) : D-amp, cr-amp, tr-amp, s-amp-le, d-angle, m-angle, ent- angle, \vr-angle, bl-ade, U-oom, M-under, W-iss, de-cent, con- cent, reti-cent, ja-cent, cre-s-cent, ch-ip, ch-at, ch-eer, ch-s.se, Iva-ch, mar-ch, eu-ch, par-ch, cl-ass, clamor, clever, cl-og, cl-aim, com-\c, comm-and, comm-on, comm-nte, comb-ine, comb-at, comb-ing, compass, comp-ort, complex, comp-rcsa, con-elude, con-cur, con-sole, con-tact, e0-voke, counter-part, counter-poise, en-counter, coiinter-raand., a-ct (ct), fa-c, de- je-ct, efte-c, con-duct (dct), in-duct, pre-dict, via-dttct, ai-dcd, for-ded, tra-ded, dis-may, des-ire, des-y&ir, discard, dis-dain, dis-cem, dis-mal, del-ay, del-nde, i-dle, fi-ddle, cmp-ire, emp- loy, em2ih-as-is, en-list, en-roll, w-join, cn-oitgh, en-t-angle, Engl-nnd, enter-prise, entr-ap, entr-eat, ^-aw, ^-ight. ^-utter, ^-avor, de-fine (fn), re-fine, con-finr, jin-ish, fr>n-dle, fr-et, /r-ight, /r-ank, fr-esh, ful-ness, cup-futt, arm-ful, ptay-ful, si-gn, forei-gn, en-si-gn, gent-le, indi-gent, gr-and, gr-tive, gr-ief, gr-im, gr-o\v, gr-ip. **.. EXERCISES. 99 Hca-\, imp-\y, imp-lore, imp-ress, in-gulf, t/i-stil, tw-sult, t wit r- pose, iftter-fere, i/Y- Brought, brother Stl 1 (Bex) 1 (both) ~^ by and by 1 V 7 # Q_ California t ' s contradict EW, -ed EW circle 3, circular ,, O X dignify-ied 1 \^ discharge , -ed TW ^ Disciple TS Disciples A^" Disconnect displeasure , displace t Distinguish t, -edfTW Vl (Do, very 1) (Does) V down (DoxKt. HAD), Divide t \ (East,) episcopal 3 Each 3 [East Indies] eccentric TS, -ity 1 TS ecclesiastic, -al econo-mical, -my 1 ^" [Edinburgh :',] ^ Education W J Egypt J^- Egyptians ^ electric, electricity 1 \ emblem fn, fin , find, fine evangelical '\y evangelist r \_/ Ever, Every 1 ) ^ - /**~ fa-miliarf , -cility 1 faculty 1 ,FoR, fore E; also for 'FEE, FIR. FUR, w// en the '} e, i, u, hare the sound of ' short e, or short U. ^ever&ever ^Y^ s- Flamet, influence 3 S Ever-lasthig, -yt.hing 1 ^j ^ Flagrant TS every other 1, each oth. 3 ^^g /o FolloAV. FOR examination (. /o formf, firm f, [fmt] Example , expll ^ _ s. forasmuch as t TS Except 3, Expect \ p Fredericton t, friend exchange , exchequer! ( 1 frequen-t TS, -cy ITS executort; exemplary 1 If executrix t ^ - Exercisef, -df W , Expense S 3 J FEOM, Sre t, fear /c father St 1 .[After any Ch. thr is imp/iediftfie preced- ing Chs. be shortened&fl] /to FULL or a dot LEP explanation 1 J * /o FULLY, X?> fulfil SIGNS 109 G Generation gent S, gents 3 S General l,Give,-n, (Gon) George 1G, [grgfG.] Gone Glorify 1 good ; governf, -orf go 1 Gospel graphic T GREAT, gratitude t greater Great Britain G. B. & Ireland H (IlAl), DoSEt) half 1, hundred UP hallelujah 3 [hand, handed W handkerchief 1 J J J f Happiness, happy 1 (HAVE) ^ (HE , Ever, Every 1) Q Heaven, Henry 1, hear o heathen 1 , hemisphere 3 r (Hert, OUR, or S) r Herself t X (His), has S , HIM, hippo, how , B , , Himself (holy, house of) JLFC "^ Holy Ghost , Holy Spirit t d hope *S house of assembly ' C house or commons < r\ However, [^ how hcl ^ (honor 3 S, ^f-able, S) , hunger 3, hypocrisy 1 Y humble t TS ^ . humiliation no 1 If 1 S I, Individual 1 , Jesus 3 f I believe, -dtTW ignor-ant -ance f Immediate immortality TW imperfect 1 impor-tant, -tance S 3 Impossibility Impossible impracticable t impracticability t impro-per t, -priety 1 improve TS, -d TS L\B, ingAE, ngJP, S Indeed t TW indispensable influence S 3 inhabitant intellectual SIGNS INTEREST ,/ Inter f B, IntrfB Into, intoxicate t " I . intoxication t irregular t irregularity I (Is, His) Israel (Ix), Church 3 (!TS), Churches 3, TS Y 1 VO V \ V "Jehovah 3 Jerusalem Jesus 3 Jesus Christ J.Christ our Lord J. C. our Saviour joyful _ melancholy b member t, remember f V" merchant t, Mr, ' merchandise 1 My 1, Mercy 1, Them H i V 112 might 1, mighty 1 mightest 1, mightiest 1 million UP, middle W t Mississippi 1 mistakef, mistakenf Moreover most mortality [(machtXj multi 1, Multitude 1 Multitudes 1 TS Multipl-yS, -iedEW (Must) I Nature, INTER f, Intro f Necessity 1, never Necessary /f none Nevertheless neigborhood TW nobody TWf 1 New Brunswick SIGNS o |[_ * regeneration t resolve t, response t ,-. resolution f responsibility t reverend Righteous, judicious t Righteousness *I round about S sacraments sacriflcef, scribe, sec'y 1 ~C SAID SW, [^f said] f satisfactory, satisfy , 1 same Tf Saint John If Saint Paul Saviour, Sovereign 1 S. Christ S. J. Christ schoolmaster t school / scholar f ^-_ Scriptural Scripture, says S xx , SIGNS HO -/ shoulder t Is signilicau-t, -ce TS t *Y simplify 1 / [so 1] some 1 , super f S /* society 1 TS _^\ somebody I / somcthmg 1 /^. sometimes 1 s{ somewhat 1 J spec, spect, [spc, spct] ^ spirit + , i -ual t / Sub-ject, -scribe t /: sub-jcction -scription -i ./ Substance t A substantial . / substantially t /-J X- 116 SIQXS It suggest, signify 1, -atnre t surprisef S, -cltSTW sympa-thy 1, -thetic symptom, system S r tabernacle t [_ (take)t I Temp-t, -orary 1, -oral t Gr k Temptations bv temper t, -ance S3 v temperance society 1 testimony IS thank j, think -f thanksgiving t THAT, Thousand t Tin:, THEE, THY I Their, There Them Therefore THEY these TS, thinks fT8 Those v\ H I/'-! 9 t \ - V? \ J Thus, tms with no dot Things, ings T thro', thro' the world^ Q Throughout S Time, trans 1, textr To S, [f to do SW, atJB to-day BS or i Together tongue, lively IJ * Toward EW transgress I trespass t u unanimous t Under UF underst-and ,-ood W, UEP union S 3 undoubted TW . S. of America t tlniversul universally SIGNS 117 University T ^ while, whole unmistakable f niL " ^L. Wilderness (UNTO), universe ^ (Up) & (UPON) f^ ^ Willingness ' witness ; -J witnesses " i [without 3 S] (Ust), [usei] O WORLD, The world V in the world Valley 1, voluntary S 1 ^-_ O into the world value, volunteer -t, vol.t ^ (y Out of the world vengeance t S? round the world (Very 1), virgin + ^- ever is a large e : at the end of words it turns either way ; but when it is alone, it stands as in the table, and it is well to put a dot under the left end of it, to distinguish it from the pronoun <-\ he. [The e and u for foand you. in phrase-writing, turn either way, but standing alone e always turns down, and u up.] 12. " You, young 1, year f." This shows that y stands for you on the line, and for year across the line, and yovng above the line. If the learner intends to acquire the re- SIGNS 121 porting band, he should at once use the small instead of y for you. 13. The student should notice that there is an angle in the ring of the sign angelic where the c is joined to the angl; that the sign for judge has a large ring, as if spelled juje, and that the ring inf&rf and fulf should be twice aa large as the ring of/. The looped f with a dot in it is the sign for fulfilled, and elect-y for electricity. The ing can be joined with an angle to the sign some, for something. 14. The foregoing examples will enable the learner to understand the signs by referring to the " Key and Alpha- bet," and it will be found that these signs can be read more easily than those of any systems which do not give the ini- tial and final vowels when sounded. Thus : if, in the sen- tence, " He is one of the aristocracy," we write, as we do, a-rst-y for aristocracy, it is a more suggestive contraction than r s t k, which is given in a system which has no con necting vowels. ARBITRARIES. Some Phonetic authors boast of having no arbitraries, while multitudes of their signs seem really to belong to that class ; for what can be more arbitrary than such con tractions as gw for language, jr, for larger, n for under, etc.. etc. ? Arbitraries are not absolutely necessary, but I have admitted a few, which will soon find favor as the shortest signs for particular words. They consist of characters joined together in an unusual manner, and occasionally of a common letter or fanciful mark ; as, H about, . again, o of, O the wvrld, _L together, etc. CONTENTS. PAGE Testimonials i-vii Opinions of the press viii-x Preface xi-xv Preliminary directions xvi Holding the pen xvii Size of the letters xrii Definitions, rings, hooks, and crooks xix Blending, looping, and modifying xix Key to explanatory marks and letters xx Place, size, and direction of the characters xxi Hints to the student xxii Stenography 1 Alphabet and double characters 2-3 Exercises 4-9 Alphabet '. 10-11 Terminations . 12-13 Notes ou the alphabet 14-15 Exercises 16 Double and syllabic characters 17 Rules for writing stenography 18 Position of the characters 13 Y final 20 S, SCB, and SUPER, how used 20 E, I, O, U, how joined 21 F and Dis, how joined and distinguished 21 OKD, how to be used 22- Doul)lc->ixed ring letters f 22- UN iuiti-il. how written 22 ( )\ 1.1: and UNDEK Prefixes, bene, magni, multi, trans, extra, eircum, hypo, oinni, expl 23 L'UB, as a sulfix 23 K, Qu, CH, and II thickened 24 Blended and shortened characters 24 Ti rminations 25 Omission of silent leu .. 26 SCOVIL'S y4 teacher is not necessary for the acquirement of this method of Short- Hand ; but, as the assistance of a guide is of vast benefit to the tourist in his travels, so an instructor, in this branch of education, will lead the student to a practical appli- cation of the art in much less time than if he attempt it alone. I therefore propose to give private lessons in the art during the coming season, in order that gentlemen may make the most rapid possible progress at a reasonable expense, and put their knowledge to almost immediate practical use. As the system follows as nearly as possible the accepted method of spelling, and has for its basis the ordinary Alpha- bet a character being given for each letter it is much more readily acquired than the phonetic systems. Sixty words per minute can be attained within the first six or eight weeks, so that the student may take a position as an amanuensis within the first term of his course. Lessons may be had by tetter where students reside out of the City. Twenty-five lessons are sufficient to put the student in possession of all