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JUL 5 1919
[_0S DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
M
BUREAU OF THE CENSUS
SAM. L. ROGERS, Director
CENSUS OF SHIPBUILDING
(INCLUDING BOAT BUILDING)
1916 AND 1914
Prepared under the supervision of EUGENE F. HARTLEY, Chief Statistician for Manufactures ^^ fe^-i-f^ r ,
CONTENTS
Page
Explanation of terms 2
General statistics 3
Scope and cliaracter of the industry 3
Summary for the industry: 1916 and 1914 3
Comparison with earlier censuses 4
Government shipyards 5
Summary by states 6
Coast di\isions and inland waters 7
Persons engaged in the industry 10
Wage earners employed, by months 12
Prevailing hours of labor ,. 13
Character of ownership 14
Classification according to size 15
Classification by number of wage earners 18
General statistics — Continued.
Engines and power
Fuel
Special statistics
Statistics covered and terms used
Vessels and boats
Value of work done during census year
Dry docks and marine railways
Detail state tables:
Table 35. — Comparative summary, by states, for 1916, 1914,
and 1909
Table 36.— Detail statistics for shipbuilding, including Iwat
building, by states: 1916
Table 37.— Detail statistics for shipbuilding, including boat
building, by states: 1914
Page
17
IS
19
19
19
29
30
32
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1919
JZiAri-LrtiNAiiwiN Kjr irixvivio.
Scope of censns. — Census statistics of manufactures are compiled
primarily for the pm^jose of showiag the absolute and relative
magnitude of the different branches of industry covered and their
growth or decline. Incidentally, the effort is made to present data
throwing light upon character of ownership, size of establishments,
and similar subjects. \\'hen use is made of the statistics for these
purposes it is imperative that due attention should be given to their
limitations, particularly in connection with any attempt to derive
from them figures purporting to show average wages, cost of produc-
tion, or profits.
The census did not cover establishments which were idle during
the entire year or whose products were valued at less than $500, or
the manufacturing done in educational, eleemosynary, and penal
institutions.
Period covered. — ^The retvums relate to the calendar year 1914, or
the business year which corresponded most nearly to that calendar
year, and cover a year's operations, except for establishments which
began or discontinued business during tne year.
The establishment. — As a rule, the term "establishment" repre-
sents a single plant or factory, but in some cases it represents two or
more plants which were operated under a common o\\Tiership or
for which one" set.of books of aocouht y/as kept. If, however, the
f)lants constituung.'an e^tablislriaieilt fia thus defined were not all
ocated within the same city or state" separate reports were secured
in order that ttte^-tigftre^fdt.'ejich; pfent tnight be included in the
statistics fai'fhet^itfyiof state id wltich-jt ys&s located.
Influence of increased prices. — In comparing figures for cost of
materials, value of products, and value added by manufacture in
1914 and 1909 with the corresponding figures for earlier censuses,
account should be taken of the general increase in the prices of com-
modities during recent years. To the extent to which this factor
has been influential the figures fail to afford an exact measure of the
increase in the volume of business.
Persons engaged in the industry. — The following general classes
of persons engaged in the industry distinguished: (1) Proprietors
and firm members, (2) salaried officers of corporations, (3) superin-
tendents and managers, (4) clerks (including other subordinate
salaried employees), and (5) wage earners. In the rejwrts for the
censuses of 1904 and 1899 these five classes were shown according
to the three main groups: (1) Proprietors and firm members, (2)
salaried officials, clerks, etc., and (3) wage earners. In compara-
tive tables covering the census of 1904 it is of course necessary to
group the figures according to the classification that was employed
at the earlier censuses.
The number of persons engaged in the industry, distributed by
sex, and, in the case of wage earners, also by age (whether under
16 or 16 and over), was reported for a single representative day.
The 15th of December was selected as representing for most estab-
lishments normal conditions of employment, but where this date
was not a representative day an earlier date was chosen.
In the case of employees other than wage earners the ntimber thus
reported for the representative date has been treated as equivalent
to the average for the year, since the number of employees of this
class does not ordinarily vary much from month to month. In
the case of wage earners the average has been obtained in the
maimer explained in the next paragraph.
In addition to the more detailed report by sex and age of the
niunber of wage earners on the representative date, a report was
obtained of the number employed on the 15th of each month,
without distinction of sex or age. From these figures the average
number of wage earners for the year has been calculated by dividing
the sum of the numbers reported for the several months by 12.
The average thus obtained approximates the number of wage earn-
ers that would be required to perform the work done if all were
constantly employed during the entire year. Accordingly, the im-
portance of the industry as an employer of labor is behoved to be
more accurately measured by this average than by the number
employed at any one time or on a given day.
In order to determine as nearly as possible the sex and age dis-
tribution of the average number of wage earners for the industry as
a whole, the per cent distribution by sex and age of the wage earners
reported forDecember 15, or the nearest representative day, has
been calculated from the actual number reported for that date, the
percentages thus obtained have lieen applied to the average number
of wage earners for the year in the industry to determine the average
number of men, women, and children employed.
Salaries and wages. — Under the.se heads are given the total pay-
ments during the year for salaries and wages, respectively. The
Census Bureau has not undertaken to calculate the average annual
earnings of either salaried employees or wage earners. Such aver-
ages would possess little real value, because they would be based on
the earnings of employees of both sexes, of all ages, and of widely
varying degrees of skill. Fiirthermore, so far as wage earners are
concerned, it would be impoaaible to calculate accurately even so
(2)
simple an average as this, since the number of wage earners fluctn-
ates from month to month. The Census Bureau's figures for wag«
earners, as already explained, are averages based on the ntimbei
employed on the 15th of each month and represent the approxi'
mate number who would be required to perform the work if aU
were continuously employed during the year, whereas the actuaJ
number to whom the total wages were paid would be larger.
Prevailing hours of labor.— No attempt was made to ascertain the
number of wage earners working a given number of houss per week
The inquiry called merely for the prevailing practice followed ir
each establishment. Occasional variations in hours in ah estab
lishment from one part of the year to another were disregarded, and
no attention was paid to the fact that a limited number of wag(
earners might have hours differing from those of the majority. AL
the wage earners of each establishment are therefore counted ir
the class within which the establishment itself falls. In mosi
establishments, however, all or practically all the wage eamen
work the same number of hours, so that the figures give a substan
tially correct representation of the hours of labor.
Capital. — The instructions on the schedule for securing dat£
relating to capital were as foUows:
The answer should show the total amount of capital, both owned and borrowed,
onthelast day of the business year reported. AlltheitemsotJixedand live capita
may be taken at the amounts carried on the books. If land or buildings are rentec
that fact should be stated and no value given. If a part of the land or buildingi
is owned, the remainder beinR rented, that fact should be so stated and only thi
value of the owned property given. Do not include securities and loans represent
Ing investments in other enterprises.
These instructions were identical with those employed at th(
census of 1909. The data compiled in respect to capital, however
at both censuses, as well as at all preceding censuses of manufactures
have been so defective as to be of little value except as indicatinj
very general conditions. In fact, it has been repeatedly recom
mended by the census authorities that this inquiry be omitted iron
the schedtile. While there are some establishments whose account
ing systems are such that an accurate return for capital could b<
made, this is not true of the great majority, and the figures therefow
do not show the actual amount of capital invested.
Iilaterials. — The statistics as to cost of materials relate to th(
materials used during the year, which may be more or less than th(
materials purchased during the year. The term "materials'
covers fuel, rent of power and heat, mill supplies, and containers
as well as materials which form a constituent part of the product
Bent and taxes. — The taxes include internal revenue, corj^ra
tion income tax, and state, county, and local taxes. In some
instances the amount of the corporation tax for 1914 had not beci
ascertained when the report was prepared and the amount pai<
for 1913 was given.
Value of products. — ^The amounts given under this heading repre
sent the selling value or price at the factory of all products manu
factured during the year, which may differ from tne value of thi
products sold.
Value added by manufacture. — The value of products is not i
satisfactory measure of either the absolute or the relative importance
of a given industry, because only a part of this value is actuall;
created by the manufacturing processes carried on in the industr
itself. Another part, and often by far the larger one, represent;
the value of the materials used. For many purposes, therefore, thi
best measure of the importance of an industry is the value createt
by the manufacturing operations carried on within the industry
This value is calculated oy deducting the cost of the materials usee
from the value of the products. The figure thus obtained is termei
in the census reports value added by manufacture."
Cost of manufacture and profits. — ^The census data do not sho^
the entire cost of manufacture, and consequently can not be use<
for the calculation of profits. No account has been taken of interes
or depreciation, rent of offices and buildings other than factory o
works, insurance, ordinary repairs, advertising, and other sundr;
expenses.
Primary horsepower. — ^This item represents the total primar
power generated by the manufactiu-ing establishments plus th
amount of power, principally electric, rented from other concerns
It does not cover the power of electric motors taking their curren
from dynamos driven oy primary power machines operated by th
same establishment, because the inclusion of such power would ol;
viously result in duplication. The figures for primary horsepowe
represent the rated capacity of the engines, motors, etc., and no
the amount of power m actual daily use, since in most cases ai
engine or motor is not required to dehver continuously its full rate^
horsepower.
Fuel. — Statistics of the quantity of fuel used are shown only fo
anthracite and bituminous coal, coke, oil, and gas. They relat
to the quantity used during the year, which may be more or leg
than the quantity purchased. As only the principal varieties of f u(
are shown, no comparison can be made with the total cost of all fuel
SHIPBUILDING, INCLUDING BOAT BUILDING.
By Everett Spring.^
GENEEAL STATISTICS.
Scope and character of the industry. — The statistics
for this industry cover establishments engaged in the
construction and repair of vessels, ships, and boats of
all classes. Data for shipyards operated by the Fed-
eral Government were also collected, but are shown
separately and are not included in the totals for the
industry. A number of establishments, not properly
classified with the shipbuilding industry, also inci-
dentally built or repaired ships or boats, but the
amount contributed to the industry by these estab-
lishments was small, and unless so stated, the tables do
not include statistics relating to them. As generally
used in this report the term "ship" or "vessel" refers
to craft of 5 gross tons measurement or over, while
craft imder 5 gross tons are designated as boats.
In compiling the statistics for the shipbuilding in-
dustry the Bureau of the Census distinguishes between
establishments in the steel shipbuilding branch of the
industry and those engaged in wooden shipbuilding
and boat building. The first group is divided into (1)
establishments doing construction work on steel vessels
of 5 gross tons or over and (2) establishments doing
repair work only on steel vessels. The second group,
wooden shipbuilding and boat building, is divided
into four classes: (1) Establishments engaged in new
construction work on wooden vessels of 5 gross tons or
over; (2) establishments doing repair work only, on
wooden vessels; (3) establishments engaged mainly in
building or repairing boats of less than 5 gross tons;
and (4) establishments making masts, spars, oars, and
ship accessories, and those engaged in rigging vessels.
These divisions and groups are used for purposes of
comparison as they are as nearly as possible the same
for all censuses.
Although the statistics for the industry for 1914
were collected in connection with the quinquennial
census of manufactures for that year, they were not
pubUshed at the time, owing to the inadvisability of
making public the information during the war, but the
figures were used by the Shipping Board and the
other war agencies of the Government; later a further
canvass was made of the industry, to cover the opera-
tions of the year 1916, for the use of the various war
boards, and these statistics have been incorporated in
the present bulletin.
Summary for the industry : 1916 and 1914. — Table 1
presents a comparative summary of the principal sta-
tistics of establishments in the shipbuilding industry,
by branches and by subbranches, for the years 1916
and 1914.
A marked feature of the industry shown by the
table is the large increase in the capital invested.
The increase for the year 1916, as compared with
1914, was $87,157,931, or 55.8 per cent. In steel
shipbuilding estabUshments the increase in capital
for the two-year period was $76,805,484, or 57.9 per
cent, while the wooden branch of the industry in-
creased $10,352,447, or 44.3 per cent, in the same
period. The great majority of the estabhshments
engaged in the construction of steel vessels are large
plants with costly and expensive equipment, whereas
a large proportion of the establisliments building
wooden vessels are small yards engaged in repair
work or the building of vessels of comparatively small
tonnage.
As compared with the total number of establish-
ments reported for the entire shipbuilding industry,
those plants constructing and repairing steel ships
form but a small proportion, 6.9 per cent in 1914 and
9.6 per cent in 1916. The relative importance of
this branch of the industry, however, is shown by
the fact that in 1914 and 1916 it gave employment
to 75.3 per cent and 77.6 per cent, respectively, of
the total number of wage earners, and contributed
74.7 per cent and 77.8 per cent, respectively, of the
aggregate value of products.
In considering . the extent of that branch of the
industry engaged in constructing wooden vessels, it
is well to remember that there are many establish-
ments making small boats, masts, spars, and oars, or
in rigging vessels, the figures for which are included in
the totals for wooden shipbuilding and boat building.
The relative importance of the various divisions
of the shipbuilding industry may be seen from the
relation that the value of the products for each
branch bears to the total products of the industry,
which were $88,682,071 in 1914 and $185,852,192 in
1916. In steel shipbuilding the value of products
of establishments doing new construction work, on
vessels launched and on the ways, was 61.3 per cent
(3)
986771
MANUFACTURES.
of the total for all products of the industry in 1914
and 64.1 per cent in 1916, while the percentage of
products for those establishments doing repair work,
only was 13.4 per cent in 1914 and 13.7 per cent in
1916. The proportion of the total value of products
contributed by establishments in wooden shipbuild-
ing engaged in new construction was 11.8 per cent
in 1914 and 13.4 per cent in 1916; by those establish-
nients doin^ repa,ir„work only, 8.2 per cent in 1914
aljd.i.y per cfenf in 1916; and by those establishments
constructing boats of less than 5 gross tons and manu-
facturing masts, spars, and oars, and in rigging ves-
sels, 5.4 per cent in 1914 and 4.1 per cent in 1916.
There were 907 establishments in 1914 and 827 in
1916 engaged mainly in new construction on ships
and boats of all classes. These gave employment to
78.2 per cent of all persons employed in 1914 and 82.4
per cent in 1916, and likewise reported 78 per cent of
the value of all products in 1914 and 81.3 per cent in
1916.
''JtmbuJi.
Number of establishments
Persons engaged
Proprietors and firm members
Salaried employees
Wage earners (average number)
Primary horsepower
Capital
Salaries and wages
Salaries ^
Wages
Paid for contract work .-.
Rent and taxes (including internal revenue)
Cost of materials
Value of products
Value added by manufacture (value of prod-
ucts less cost of materials).
Census
year.
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
»1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
•1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
SHIPBUILDING, INCLUDING BOAT BUILDING.
Aggregate.
1,137
1,147
78,333
48,667
1,103
1,192
4,733
2,986
72, 497
44,489
115,333
$243, 217, 869
156,059,938
67,526,623
37,689,965
6,950,722
4,758,809
60,575,901
32,931,156
4,092,789
531,779
1,123,144
89,268,830
38,596,970
185,852,192
88,682,071
96,583,362
50; 085, 101
Steel vessels.
Total.
109
79
59,802
35,664
35
24
3,530
2,132
56,237
33,508
83,706
$209,517,898
132,712,414
53, 367, 771
28,752,404
5,347,648
3, 586, 612
48,020,123
25, 165, 792
3,911,332
442,135
668,965
69,961,072
29, 269, 727
144,619,111
66, 216, 692
74,658,039
36,946,965
New con-
struction
on vessels
of 5 tons
and over.
72
46
51,230
29,848
15
7
3,073
1,699
48,142
28,142
63,888
$190,391,607
112,630,389
43, 816, 888
23,520,313
4,672,207
2, 801, 588
39, 144, 681
20,718.725
3, 268, 575
206,194
419,286
61,957,923
25, 825, 634
119, 155, 601
54,339,778
57,197,678
28, 514, 144
Repair
work only.
37
»33
8,572
6,816
20
17
457
433
8,095
5,366
19,818
$19, 126, 291
20,082,025
9,550,883
5,232,091
675,441
785,024
8,875,442
4,447,067
642,757
235, 941
249,679
8,003,149
3,444,093
25, 463, 510
11,876,914
17,460,361
8, 432, 821
Wooden, including boat building.
Total.
1,028
1,068
18,531
13,003
1,068
1,168
1,203
854
16,260
10,981
31,627
$33,699,971
23,347,624
14, 158, 852
8,937,581
1,603,074
1, 172, 197
12,555,778
7,765,364
181,457
89,644
454, 179
19,307,758
9,327,243
41,233,081
22,465,379
21,925,323
13, 138, 136
Vessels.
New con-
struction
on vessels
of 5 tons
and over.
339
273
10,395
5,472
364
332
667
338
9,364
4,802
14, 148
$17,394,882
9, 579, 832
8, 253, 6.59
3,940,934
915,618
525,032
7,338,041
3,415,902
118,012
34,094
151,623
11,700,716
4,691,331
24,902,118
10, 427, 681
13,201,400
5,736,350
Repair
work only.
248
179
4,932
4,571
216
152
311
310
4,405
4,109
11,180
$10,204,049
8,946,660
3, 830, 740
3, 360, 143
437, 173
414,155
3,393,567
2,945,988
55, 193
39,257
189,218
3,160,413
2,517,787
8, 763, 825
7,255,951
5, 603, 412
4,738,164
Boats
under
5 tons —
construc-
tion and
repairs.
416
588
2,949
2,749
461
657
213
197
2,275
1,895
5,770
$5,403,418
4,614,178
1,891,039
1,502,905
234,205
223,061
1,656,834
1, 279, 844
8,147
15,717
104,474
4,241,368
1,956,374
7,059,017
4, 413, 767
2,817,649
2,457,383
Masts,
spars,
oars, and
rigging
vessels.
25
28
255
211
27
27
12
9
216
175
529
$697,622
206,854
183,414
133,579
16,078
9,949
167,336
123,630
105
676
8,864
205,261
161,751
608,123
367,990
302, 882
206,239
> Includes 4 establishments making boats imder 5 tons, and 1 making masts, spars, oars, and the rigging of vessels.
« Not reported.
Comparison with earlier censuses. — Table 2 sum-
marizes the statistics of the estabUshments engaged
in shipbuilding for each census from 1879 to 1916, in-
clusive, and gives percentages of increase or decrease
from census to census. The figures for 1869, com-
parable with corresponding items given in the table
for 1879 and later years, were: Number of establish-
ments, 964; wage earners (average number), 13,915;
primary horsepower, 5,136; capital, $11,463,076;
salaries and wages, $7, 073, 400 ; cost of materials,
$9,379,980; value of products, $21,483,967; and
value added by manufactxu-e, $12,103,987. The
financial figures for 1869 are given in currency, which
at the time was worth only about 80 cents gold to
the dollar. For strict comparison, therefore, these
figures should be reduced about 20 per cent.
While there was a decrease in the number of estab-
lishments from 1914 to 1916, all of the other items
except number of proprietors and firm members
showed a decided increase for this period. During
the 37 years covered by the table, the average number
of wage earners increased from 21,345 to 72,497, or
239.6 per cent, while the total value of products, in-
cluding repair work, increased from $36,800,327 to
$185,852,192, or 405 per cent. The capital invested
in the industry shows a large increase during the
period, from $20,979,874 in 1879 to $243,217,869 in
1916, or nearly twelvefold, and the average capital
SHIPBUILDING.
per establishment increased from $9,589 to 1213,912.
These increases indicate that, as the construction of
steel ships has grown in importance, capital has be-
come far more necessary to the development of the
industry than was the case when ships were con-
|tructed of wood only. In 1879 the value of products
was nearly twice the capital invested, the ratio being
1.75. In 1899, for the first time, the value of products
was less than the capital invested and the ratio of
value of products to the capital decreased until 1914,
when it was 0.57, with an increase to 0.76 in 1916, due
largely to the increase in values incident to the war.
Table 2
SHIPBtnLDING, INCLUDINQ BOAT BUILDING.
PEB CENT OF INCBEASE."
1916
19U
1909
1904
1899
1.S89
1.879
1914-
1916
190»-
1914
1904-
1909
1S99-
1904
1889-
1899
1879-
188S
Number of establishment?
1,137
78,333
1,103
4,733
72,497
0)
$243,217,889
67,526,623
6,950,722
60,575,901
4,092,789
(')
89,268,830
185,852,192
96,683,362
1.147
48,667
1,192
2,986
44,489
115,3,%3
$156,059,938
37,689,965
4,758,809
32,931,166
631, 770
1,123,144
38,596,970
88,682,071
60,085,101
1,353
44,949
1,463
2,980
40,506
88,063
$126,118,489
29,303,132
4,035,446
25,267,686
1,185,579
835,656
31,214.358
73,360,315
42, 145, 957
1.097
64,424
1,190
2,480
60,754
78, 127
$121,623,700
32,580,828
3,339,741
29,241,087
674,418
« 640,519
37,463.179
82,769,239
45,306,060
1,107
1,405
46,747
61,797
$77,341,001
26,831,975
2,007,237
24,824,738
m
m
33.474,896
74, .532, 277
41,057,381
1,006
(=)
(•■)
(')
22, 143
18, 192
$27,262,892
14,278,819
m
(')
("-)
m
16,521,248
38,065,410
21,. 544, 164
2,188
(')
(')
O
21,345
m
$20,979,874
12,713,813
ti
(')
19,736,358
36,800,327
17,063,969
-0.9
61.0
-7.5
68.6
63.0
""bs'.s
79.2
46.1
83.9
669.6
"isi.'s'
109.6
92.8
-15.2
8.3
-18.5
0.2
9.8
31.0
23.7
28.6
17.9
30.3
-65.1
34.4
23.7
20.9
18.8
23.3
-17.4
22.9
20.2
-20.2
12.7
3.7
-10.1
20.8
-13.6
75.8
-0.9
10.0
-54.0
Proprietors and firm
Salaried employees
76.6
8.6
26.4
57.3
21.4
66.4
17.8
Wage earners (average
number)
ni.i
239.7
183.7
87.9
(•)
29 9
Primary horsepower
Capital
Salaries and wages
12 3
Salaries
Wages.. .
89.7
2 9
Paid for contract worlc
Kent and taxes (including
internal revenue)
-16.7
-11.4
-7.0
11.9
U.l
10.3
102.6
96.8
90.6
—16.3
3 4
Value added by manufac-
ture (value of products
less cost of materials)
26.3
' A minus sign (—) denotes decrease. ' Figures not available. ' Figures not strictly comparable. < Not reported. » Exclusive of internal revenue.
Government shipyards. — Table 3 presents, for 1916,
1914, 1909, and 1904, a comparative summary of the
more important statistics of shipbuilding establish-
ments operated by the Federal Government.
Table 3
Number of establishments
Persons engaged
Salaried emjiloyees ,
\\'age earners (average
number)
Primary horsepower
Salaries and wages
Salaries
\Vages
Cost of materials ,
Value of worlc done during
the year
New vessels (5 gross tons
and over)
Ve.ssels launched. ,
Steel vessels
Steam
Unrigged
Wooden vessels
Steam
Motor
Unrigged
Vessels building but not
launched
Steel
Wooden
Boats (less than 6 gross
tons)
All other products includ-
ing repair work
GOVERNMENT SHIPYAEDS.
1916
30
23,528
3,464
20,064
(')
$22,232,313
4,451,210
17,781,103
14,077,767
38,674,491
8,811,863
3,376,710
3,021,645
2,922,566
99,079
355,065
127, 702
138,912
88,451
5,435,1.53
5,361,448
73,705
351,339
29,511,289
1914
13
18,328
2,543
15,785
82, 498
$16, 428, 497
3, 336, 830
13,091,667
11,103,113
29,217,265
4,612,311
1,385,131
1,298,611
966,602
332,009
88,820
31,346
30,097
25,177
3,227,180
3,101,014
126,166
175,730
24,429,224
12
16,425
1,888
14,537
32,525
$15,317,330
2,646,806
12,670,624
9,526,109
25,872,033
1,977,977
166,141
34,106
34,106
122,035
68,104
53,931
1,821,836
1,821,836
153,346
23, 740, 710
1904
13,932
1,728
12,204
13,933
$11,853,239
2,130,475
9, 722, 764
6,731,931
17,265,469
3,610,270
(•)
(')
376,250
13,278,949
1 Not reported. « Figures not available.
From 1914 to 1916 the number of shipbuilding
plants owned by the Federal Government more than
doubled, increasing from 13 to 30. In 1916, 21 of
these plants were operated by the Office of Chief of
Engineers of the War Department, 8 by the Bureau
of Yards and Docks of the Navy Department, and
1 by the Biireau of Lighthouses of the Department of
Commerce.
During 1916 these establishments gave employ-
ment to an average of 20,064 wage earners, an in-
crease of 4,279, or 27.1 per cent, over the number
employed in 1914, and representing 21.7 per cent of
the total number employed in shipyards, private and
Government combined. The value of all work done
in the Government shipyards in 1916 was $38,674,491,
an increase of $9,457,226, or 32.4 per cent of the
amount reported in 1914.
Nearly every item shows increases for the different
periods covered by the table, but the increases are
considerably greater between 1914 and 1916 than
during any other period, the only decreases during
this period being in the value of work done during
the year on unrigged steel vessels and on wooden
vessels not l&unched during 1916. The table shows
that in 1916 there were constructed and launched
steel vessels, both steam and unrigged, to the value of
$3,021,645, and wooden vessels, steam, motor, and
unrigged, valued at $355,065. This is an increase
over 1914 of $1,723,134, or 132.7 per cent, for the
former class, and $268,445, or 309.9 per cent, for the
latter class.
The work performed at the several Government
shipyards consisted of the repair of naval vessels, the
construction of ships, boats, signal apparatus, and
buoy lanterns, and the building and repair of ma-
chinery, etc. It was impossible to make a separate
presentation of each kind of work done and the
figures presented in Table 3 include, therefore, sta-
tistics that do not properly pertain to shipbuilding or
repairing. The value of ' ' all other products including
repair work," amoimted to $29,511,289 in 1916 and
represented 76.3 per cent of the total value of the
work done during the year. The corresponding per-
centages for 1904, 1909, and 1914 were 76.9, 91.8,
and 83.6, respectively.
MANUFACTURES.
This table brings out the fact that between 1914
and 1916 there was a great increase in the construc-
tion of steel vessels propelled by steam and a decrease
in that of unrigged steel vessels. In 1916 the value
of the former class of vessels amoTinted to $2,922,566,
an increase over 1914 of $1,956,064, or 202.4 per cent.
The decrease in the value of the latter class of vessels
was $232,930, or 70.2 per cent. The largest relative
increases are shown in the value of wooden vessels
constructed and launched in 1916, the increases over
1914 being as follows: Wooden vessels propelled by
steam, 307.4 per cent; propelled by motors, 361.5 per
cent; unrigged, 251.3 per cent.
The Government shipyards did a large amount of
construction work ia 1916 on vessels not launched
during the year, the value of such work amounting to
$5,435,153. More than 98 per cent of it was done
on steel vessels, and nearly all on battleships, de-
stroyers, and submarines, in the three navy yards
located at Brooklyn, N. Y., Portsmouth, N. H., and
Mare Island, Calif.
Summary by states. — Tables 4 and 5 summarize the
more important statistics of the shipbuilding industry
by states for 1916 and 1914, respectively, the states
being arranged according to the value of the products.
Percentages of increase or decrease for the period from
1914 to 1916 are given in the former table, and for
each five-year period from 1899 to 1914 in the latter
table. Some of the states, for which data can not be
shown separately without disclosing the operations of
individual establishments, ranked higher than some
of those named ia the tables.
Table 4
SHIPBXnLDING, rNCLUDtNO BOAT BUILDrUG;
1916.
PER CENT OF INCRKASE.l
STATE.
Num-
ber of
estab-
Ush-
ments.
Wage earners.
Value of products.
Value added by manufacture.
Wage
earners
(average
number)
1914-1916.
Value of
products
1914-1916.
Value
added
Average
number.
Per
cent
distri-
bution.
Bank.
Amount.
Per
cent
distri-
bution.
Bank.
Amount.
Per
cent
distri-
bution.
ftank.
by
manu-
facture.
191(1
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1914-
1916.
United States
1,137
72,497
100.0
1185,852,192
100.0
J96,583,362
100.0
63.0
63.4
23.0
105.8
34.9
115.8
109.6
92 8
1
2
3
4
5
8
6
10
9
U
12
14
13
16
15
18
17
19
20
21
25
22
24
23
28
26
27
30
31
34
33
37
I
2
4
3
8
5
7
9
12
10
11
16
14
20
15
17
13
23
18
22
19
34
25
28
26
24
27
21
29
31
35
New York
200
78
SO
30
50
85
32
57
31
55
100
9
30
26
26
57
14
8
18
14
10
7
7
18
17
28
12
10
6
4
4
4
42
9,928
7,777
7,113
6,440
5,326
4,373
6,059
3,744
1,312
2,225
1,857
1,938
1,250
1,003
1,306
1,172
616
541
598
250
184
216
202
118
168
115
141
26
17
43
25
13.7
10.7
9.8
8.9
7.3
6.0
7.0
5.2
1.8
3.1
2.6
2.7
1.7
1.4
1.8
1.6
0.8
0.7
0.8
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
m
(■)
0.1
(')
(')
10.2
1
2
4
6
8
8
7
9
13
10
12
11
15
17
14
16
18
20
19
21
24
22
23
28
25
29
27
32
35
30
37
37
2
1
6
4
8
5
7
9
16
10
11
12
13
22
14
17
15
18
19
,21
20
33
23
28
26
24
27
25
32
29
35
31,357,645
20,311,529
19,777,911
16,816,071
12,205,557
12,185,354
12,160,007
10,829,812
6,217,274
5,637,103
4,882,131
4.328,002
3,826,847
2,915,346
2,606,767
1,795,519
1,523,614
1,048,578
760,307
615,972
463,069
454,390
308,872
304,578
279,168
269,256
188,640
83,199
47,952
35,143
33,521
8,945
11,674,113
16.9
10.9
10.6
9.1
6.6
6.6
6.5
5.8
3.3
3.0
2.6
2.3
2.1
1.6
1.4
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
ai
h
<■'}
(«)
(»)
6.3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
29
30
31
33
34
36
1
2
5
3
8
4
7
9
12
10
11
14
13
21
16
17
15
25
18
20
19
34
24
28
26
22
27
23
29
30
35
19,827,785
10,407,893
9,533.318
7,563,887
6,360,889
5,252,662
6,083,255
4,323,909
4,980,719
2,517,300
2,306,326
1,732,165
2,214,902
1,304,030
1,572,215
886,326
1,122,480
650,303
492,244
306,448
172,154
236,448
172,450
184,909
138,849
150,173
144,988
38,200
35,131
22,577
27,140
5,145
5,816,142
20.5
10.8
9.9
7.8
6.6
6.4
6.3
4.5
5.2
2.6
2.4
1.8
2.3
1.4
1.6
0.9
1.2
0.7
0.5
0.3
a2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
(')
(■)
('!
(')
(')
6.0
120.9
71.2
144.1
76.3
17a
119.8
California
106.5
59 5
P«nnsylvftnia
162.9
Massachusetts
Ohio
75.7
159.3
155.3
76.4
157.8
249.2
273.3
99.7
116.6
104 5
Washington
61.0
Maine
Delaware
79.9
205.1
Oregon
l.niif'rfiina
Florida
Rhode Island
16.6
323.4
277.8
Illinois
Texas
48.8
-18.2
9.0
-8.5
57.3
—27.9
Indiana
Georgia
West Virginia
Mississippi
Kentucky
25.9
-15.1
69.2
Minnesota
-8.0
5.9
North Carolina
Iowa
Tennessee
Vermont
All other States
7,414
1
' Percentages are based on figures in Table 35; a minus sign {— ) denotes decrease. Percentages are omitted where base is less than 100 for wage earners or less than
HOO.OOO for value of products or value added by manufacture, or where comparable figures can not be given.
• Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. .
New York, the most important state in the in-
dustry, reported in 1914 nearly twice, and in 1916 just
double the number ot estabhshments as Maine, the
second state in rank in this respect. In- 1914 the
seven states next in rank in number of establishments
were New Jersey, Massachusetts, Florida, Washing-
ton, Michigan, Cahfornia, and Maryland in the order
named; this same order prevailed in 1916, except that
Massachusetts supplanted New Jersey in third place,
Washington equaled Florida, and Maryland equaled
California. These nine states had 67 per cent of all
shipbuilding estabhshments in 1914, and 64.2 per cent
in 1916. Although individually Maryland gained
eight establishments and Massachusetts gained one,
the nine states combined lost 39 establishments
between 1914 and 1916. The states making the largest
relative gains in new shipbuilding plants during this
period were Louisiana, Maryland, Kentucky, Mis-
sissippi, and Oregon. These five states show an
increase of 34 estabhshments.
SHIPBUILDING.
Table 5
SHIPBtnLDINa, DJCLUDINO BOAT BUILDINQ: 1»U.
PER CENT Oy INCREASE.'
Num-
ber
of
estab-
lish-
ments.
Wage earners.
Value of products.
Value added by
facture.
manu-
Wage earners
(average number).
Value of
products.
Value added by
manufacture.
Aver-
age
num-
ber.
Per
cent
dis-
tribu-
tion.
Rank.
Amount.
Per
cent
dis-
tribu-
tion.
Bank.
Amount.
Per
cent
dis-
tribu-
tion.
Rank.
1
I90»- 1904-
1914 1909
1
1899-
1904
1909-
1914
1904-
1909
1899-
1901
1909-
1914
1904-
1909
i
i
A
1
1899-
1904
United States....
1,147
44.489
100.0
188,682.071
100.0
»50,085,101
100.0
9.8-20.2
8.6
«1 9
-11.4
11.1
18.8
-7.0
10 3
New York
207
33
52
29
42
64
62
37
34
9
14
30
11
7
4
427
6,076
6,324
4,773
3,457
2,879
2,468
1.444
1,261
614
696
226
168
125
90
14
14
13,962
13.7
14.2
10.7
7.8
6.6
6.6
3.2
2.8
1.2
1.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
31.4
2
1
4
6
:
9
10
16
13
20
21
24
26
32
33
1
3
5
8
6
9
13
7
16
12
19
28
21
22
32
34
14.195,298
11,860,965
9,539,865
8,104,033
4,716,787
4,621,169
3,101,446
2,822,.')57
1,665,293
1,254,088
506.362
473.524
317, 111
221,788
38,525
15.840
25,327,420
16.0
13.4
10.8
9.1
5.3
6.1
3.5
3.2
1.9
1.4
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
(')
(')
28.6
1
2
3
5
7
8
9
10
12
13
19
20
22
26
29
34
1
2
5
8
6
9
13
7
15
12
21
28
20
22
31
33
9,022,620
6,224,671
4,742,590
4,617,449
2,808,207
2,419,339
2,114,583
1,563,814
1,323,092
802,933
238,891
194,874
169,617
87,223
26,257
11,503
13,727,538
18.0
12.4
9.6
9.2
5.6
4.8
4.2
3.1
2.6
1.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
O
27.4
1
2
3
4
8
9
10
12
14
19
22
24
26
29
34
1
2
5
7
6
10
13
8
16
11
21
28
20
23
31
32
7.7
29.9
34.1
87.5
-10.0
37.8
94.1
-46.2
20.4
-23.3
-12.2
0.1
-45.4
16.4
69.2
-8.0
24.3
34.2
64.4
96.1
-16.9
27.9
100.1
-43.9
124.4
-34.0
35.2
14:3
-40.2
30.3
60.8
-28.7
20.4
36.6
36.7
89.6
12.6
43.5
114.1
-38.5
2098
-25.7
81.9
3.0
7.6
-32.6
31.5
PpTinsylvfinfj^ , ,
29 7
I California
OMo
Mftrvlftn^ , ,
-35.3
7.4
-22.2
10.3
-38.8
18 3
• Washington
Mir*hig*in
17.3
-78.6
-31.5
118.4
69.3
-83.7
-32.9
271.6
34.3
-75.6
15 2
Connecticut ..
220.5
Wisconsin
TnHiana
11 1
_1« 9
-21.5
-49.0
4.1
Texas
Minn^'iots^
-40.2
-42.7
—6 7'
-16.0
-18.2
10.2
79.5
0^ A
-8.8
12.6
72.7
Kentucky
36.5
10. «
-24.7
New Hampshire
Georgia
All other states
1 Percentages are base
$100,000 for value of pro
3 Less than one-tenth <
d onfl
ducts, c
)f 1 per
Suresin
r value
cent.
Table
added
35: a
by I
minus slgn(— ) denotes decrease. Percentages are omitted where base Is less than 100
nanulacture, or wliere comparable figures can not be given.
for wage earners,
or less than
In 1916 the value of products for New York, the
leading state, equaled 16.9 per cent of the total for the
United States, as against 16 per cent in 1914, and
exceeded the value of products for New Jersey, the
state second in importance, by 54.4 per cent; Cah-
fornia, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Massachusetts, Ohio,
and Washington ranked next in the order named.
New York and New Jersey held the same rank in 1916
as in 1914 and 1909, first and second, respectively.
Pennsylvania, which was third in 1914, fell to fourth
place in 1916, and Massachusetts, which was fourth
in 1914, ranked sixth in 1916. California advanced
from eighth place in 1909 to fifth in 1914 and to third
in 1916, and Maryland from ninth in 1909 to eighth in
1914 and to fifth in 1916. Ohio and Washington held
the same rank in 1916 as in 1914, seventh and ninth,
respectivel)\ These eight states combined reported,
in 1916, 73 per cent of the total value of products for
the industry in the United States, and 71.8 per cent in
the value added by manufacture.
An increase of 63 per cent in average niunber of
wage earners was reported for the industry as a whole
in 1916 as compared with 1914, and an increase of 9.8
per cent in 1914 as compared with 1909. Of the
states shown in Tables 4 and 5, the highest percentages
of gain in 1914 were reported for Washington and
CaUfornia, amounting to 94.1 per cent and 87.5 per
cent, respectively, while in 1916 Washington, Con-
necticut, Maryland, and Cahfornia each showed an
increase of more than 100 per cent, while the increase
for Oregon was much greater. The states showing
decreases in the number of wage earners in 1914 are
Michigan, Kentucky, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Indiana,
and Ohio; and in 1916, Iowa, Indiana, and Minnesota.
The states reporting reductions in the average num-
ber of wage earners also show decreases in the value of
products and in value added by manufacture for both
1914 and 1916, except that for 1914, as compared with
1909, Ohio showed an increase of 12.6 per cent in
value added by manufacture and Indiana, an increase
of 35.2 per cent in value of products and 81.9 per cent
in value added by manufacture.
In value of products, the shipbuilding industry in
the United States as a whole showed an increase of
109.6 per cent between 1914 and 1916. The per-
centage of increase was greatest for the state of Ore-
gon, Alabama following with the next largest increase,
whUe 01 the states shown in Table 4, Connecticut,
Washington, and Wisconsin each shows a gain of over
200 per cent. Other states prominent in the ship-
building industry — California, Maryland, New York,
and Ohio — each made a gain of over 100 per cent in
value of products.
Coast divisions and inland waters. — Table 6 shows
for 1916 and 1914 the more important statistics for the
shipbuilding industry as a whole and for each of its
branches, by coastal areas and inland waters, desig-
nated as North Atlantic, South Atlantic, Gulf, Pacific,
Great Lakes, Mississippi River and its tributaries, and
Other inland waters.
At both the censuses of 1914 and 1916 over one-half
of the aggregate value of all products of the ship-
building industry was reported by establishments
located in the North Atlantic division, which embraces
the Atlantic seaboard and the navigable rivers of
the New England states, and of New York, New
Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. The value of
products in this division for 1916 was $93,307,475,
8
MAJNUFACTUKES.
as compared with $48,897,075 for 1914, an increase of
.144,410,400, or 90.8 per cent. The value of work
done on steel vessels in this district during 1916 was
more than three and a third times greater than the
value of work on wooden vessels.
The Pacific division, made up of the states of
California, Oregon, and Washington, stands next in
rank in value of products. This division has advanced
from a position of comparatively small importance
to a prominent place in the shipbuilding industry.
There was an increase in the total value of products of
$21,983,396, or 190.5 per cent, during the period
1914-1916. Of the total products, $33,523,069, re-
ported for the industry in this division in 1916,
$26,210,745 was for work on steel vessels, which is
nearly three times the amount reported for the same
class of products in 1914.
The South Atlantic division includes Maryland,
the District of Columbia, Virginia, North Carolina,
South Carolina, Georgia, and the east coast of Florida.
The total value of shipbuilding in this division aggre-
gated $25,501,945 in 1916, which was an increase over
1914 of $12,537,415, or 96.7 per cent.
The shipbuilding industry in the Great Lakes
division, which is composed of the territory bordering
on the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River,
shows remarkable development between 1914 and
1916. In 1914 the value of products for the industry
as a whole was $9,270,488, but in 1916 it had advanced
to $22,094,456, an increase of $12,823,968, or 138.3
per cent. Steel shipbuilding was by far the more
important branch of the industry in both 1914 and
1916, and in the latter year contributed 90.2 per cent
of the value of products.
The division designated "Mississippi River and its
tributaries" includes establishments located on these
rivers, while the Gulf division includes the establish-
ments located on the Gulf of Mexico and on waters
tributary to the Gulf, other than the Mississippi
River, in the states of Florida, Alabama, Mississippi,
Louisiana, and Texas. These two divisions combined
reported in 1916 an aggregate of $10,063,777, an
increase over 1914 of $5,337,732. In both divisions
the construction of wooden vessels predominated.
The division "Other inland waters" includes the
establishments, chiefly boat-building plants, located
on inland lakes or rivers connecting such bodies of
water. Establishments located on canals and en-
gaged in the building of canal boats are included in
this group. The value of work done in this division,
chiefly on small boats, aggregated $1,361,470 in 1916,
as compared with $1,284,260 in 1914.
Table 6
Census
year.
Number of establishments.
Steel shipbuilding
New construction..
Repair work only..
Wooden shipbuilding and boat building
New construction
Repair work only
Boats less than 5 gross tons
Masts, spars, oars, and the rigging o( vessels .
Persons engaged .
Steel shipbuilding.
Wooden shipbuilding and boat building.
Proprietors and firm members
Steel shipbuilding
Wooden shipbuilding and boat building.
Salaried employees
Steel shipbuilding
Wooden shipbuilding and boat building.
Wage earners
Steel shipbuilding
Wooden shipbuilding and boat building.
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
191b
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
United
States.
1,137
1,147
109
79
72
46
37
133
1,028
1,068
339
273
248
179
416
588
25
28
78,333
48,667
59,802
35,664
18,531
13,003
1,103
1,192
35
24
1,068
1,168
4.733
2,986
,3,530
2,132
1,203
854
72,497
44,489
56,237
33,508
16, 260
10,981
COAST DIVISIONS.
North
Atlantic.
459
485
42
31
25
15
17
16
417
454
127
102
87
71
187
263
16
18
35,604
25,364
27, 182
IS, 872
8,422
6.492
448
492
13
12
435
480
2,442
1,750
1,901
1,266
541
484
32,714
23,122
25,268
17,594
7,446
6,528
South
Atlantic.
126
115
14
9
6
5
8
4
112
106
42
32
38
29
32
45
14,753
8,213
12,915
6,727
1.838
1,486
137
125
9
2
12S
123
799
351
660
271
1.39
13,817
7,737
12,246
6,454
1,571
1,283
Gulf.
2,697
1,5S0
1,613
1.292
2,483
1,424
1,016
252
1,467
1.172
Pacific.
133
137
119
125
69
57
20
14
27
49
3
12,614
5.554
9.714
4,441
2,900
1.113
123
149
1
2
122
147
631
340
473
273
158
67
11,860
5,e&5
9,240
4,106
2,620
899
INI.AND WATERS.
Groat
Lakes.
131
142
19
16
18
11
1
5
112
126
22
28
32
17
58
81
9,567
5,570
8,324
4,465
1,243
1.105
120
135
8
5
112
130
461
315
356
218
105
97
8,986
5,120
7,960
4,242
1,026
878
Mississippi
River and
its tribu-
taries.
101
75
92
69
37
16
23
16
31
36
1
1
2,419
1,553
583
460
1,836
1,093
102
83-
102
83
201
105
76
39
125
2,116
1,365
507
421
1,609
944
Other
inland
waters.
97
IM
97
108
14
9
16
8
63
87
4
4
679
8.33
411
679
422
96
121
96
121
62
56
32
62
24
521
656
379
521
277
1 Includes 4 establishments making boats under 5 tons, and 1 making masts, spars, oars, and the rigging of vessels.
SHIPBUILDING.
Table 6— Continued.
Census
year.
United
States.
Capital .
Steel shipbuilding
Wooden sliipbuilding and boat building.
Salaries and wages
Steel shipbuilding
Wooden sblpbmlding and boat building.
Salaries
Steel shipbuilding
Wooden shipbuilding and boat building.
Wages
Steel shipbuilding
Wooden shipbuilding and boat building.
Paid for contract work..
Steel shipbuilding
Wooden shipbuilding and boat building.
Cost of materials..
Steel shipbuilding
Wooden shipbuilding and boat building.
Value of products..
Steel shipbuilding
Wooden shipbuilding and boat building.
Work done diu-ing the year on new vessels..
Launched
Not launched
Steel vessels ,
Launched
Not launched..
Wooden vessels
Launched
Not launched..
Repair work on vessels .
Steel vessels
Wooden vessels
Boats less than 5 gross tons.
All other products
Value added by manufacture . . .
Steel shipbuilding
Wooden shipbuilding and boat building.
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
J243,217,869
156,059,9.38
209,517,898
132,712,414
33,699,971
23,347,524
67,526,623
37,689,965
53,367,771
28,752,404
14,158,8.52
8,937,661
6,950,722
4, 758, 809
5,347,648
3,586,612
1,603,074
1,172,197
60,575,901
32,931,156
48,020,123
25,165,792
12,555,778
7,765,364
4,092,789
531, 779
3,911,332
442, 135
181,457
89, 644
89,268,830
38,590,970
69,961,072
29,269,727
19,307,758
9,327,243
185,852,192
88,682,071
144,619,111
66,216,692
41,233,081
22,465,379
101,531,210
42,545,445
60,424,700
27, 126, 809
51, 10», 510
16,418,636
85,418,006
36,295,458
40, 156, 820
21,540,428
45,201,186
14,755,030
16, 113, 204
6,249,987
10,267,880
5,580,381
5,846,324
663,606
63,508,514
32,835,212
44,821,223
20, 537, 928
18, 687, 291
12,297,284
3, 739, 725
3,788,689
17,072,743
9,512,725
96,583,362
50,085,101
74,658,039
36,946,965
21,925,323
13,138,136
COAST DIVISIONS.
North
Atlantic.
$130,407,981
84,651,9()4
113,759,845
71,211,793
16,648,136
13,440,171
33,325,236
20, 688, 781
South
Atlantic.
$36,444,646
25,269,023
32,295,177
22,863,261
3, 149, 469
2, 405, 762
10, 232, 832
5,355,9.50
20,379,108
15,599,035
0, 946, 128
5,089,746
3,816,617
2,835,896
2,926,792
2,104,968
8S8, 825
730, 928
29,509,619
17,862,885
23,452,316
13,494,087
6,057,303
4,358,818
3,642,561
378, 500
3,657,071
316,533
85,490
62,027
42,804,947
21,402,078
32,603,724
16,138,273
10,301,223
5,263,805
93,307,475
48,897,075
71,967,166
36,039,370
21,340,309
12,857,705
41,770,276
22,827,958
16,967,190
13,542,501
24,803,086
9,285,457
34,670,071
20,079,161
11,361,080
11,162,435
23,308,991
8,916,716
7,100,205
2,748,807
5,606,110
2,380,060
1,494,095
308, 741
39,901,717
17,527,151
28,023,310
9,858,707
11,938,407
7,668,444
1,638,407
2,074,313
9,937,015
6,467,053
50, 502, 528
27, 494, 997
39, 463, 442
19,901,097
11,039,086
7,593,900
9, 130, 0.S9
4, ,528, 100
1, 102, 743
827,860
1,021,030
463,901
899, 252
347,187
121,784
106,714
9, 211, 796
4,902,049
8,230,837
4,180,913
980,959
721, 136
9,378
3,850
9,378
3,850
11,330,663
5,694,961
1,143,910
703, 714
25,501,945
12,964,530
22,694,150
11,113,520
2, 807, 795
1,851,004
17,013,871
8,904,228
7,918,211
4,447,050
9,095,660
4,517,178
15,885,032
8,539,307
7, 443, 771
4,074,329
8,441,801
4, 464, 978
1,128,239
424,921
474, 440
372, 721
653, 799
52,200
7,280,260
3,280,157
5,757,141
2,087,200
1,523,109
1,192,957
87,692
121,414
1, 120, 132
598, 731
13,027,482
0, 605, 855
11,363,597
5, 418, 505
1,063,885
1, 147, 290
Gulf.
Pacific.
$0,448,055
1,960,331
4,300,259
709,968
2,141,790
1,240,363
1,746,410
802, 965
720,396
249, 678
1,020,014
013,387
185,580
109,950
100,203
51,264
79,377
58,686
1,560,830
753,015
620, 193
198,314
940,637
554,701
45,067
32,013
2,056,320
433,950
2,973,783
1,668,054
1,683,473
1,017,254
1,203,914
975,094
479, 5.59
42,160
282, 782
119,900
180,811
99,900
101,971
20,000
1,400,691
897,354
1,023,103
876, 194
377, 588
22,160
3,133,206
995,385
1,888,057
(')
1,245,209
(')
67,473
69,902
144,891
20,009
2,975,775
1,283,716
1, 130, 843
343, 462
1,844,932
940, 254
$28,953,175
13,184,213
24,425,454
11, 178, 169
4,527,721
2,006,044
12,370,568
6, 161, 176
9,851,894
4,295,921
2,518,604
855, 255
882,818
044, 724
691,420
567, 155
191,398
77,569
11,487,740
4,506,452
9, 160, 474
3, 728, 766
2,327,260
777,686
340, 773
66,900
273, 702
60,585
07,071
6,321
18,361,812
4,588,205
14,889,674
3,748,176
3,472,138
840,029
33,523,009
11,539,673
20,210,745
9,376,847
7,312,324
2,162,826
26,335,503
5,432,480
14,097,169
4,134,239
12,238,404
1,298,247
20,797,266
4,221,113
11,695,097
3,063,024
9,101,609
1,158,089
5,538,297
1,211,373
2,401,462
1,071,215
3,130,835
140,158
5,347,079
4,894,438
3,909,146
4,033,590
1,437,933
860,848
298,003
324,276
1,542,424
888,473
15,161,257
6,951,468
11,321,071
5, 628, 671
3, 840, 186
1,322,797
nitAND WATERS.
Great
Lakes.
$30,024,371
26,616,164
32,910,718
24,697,843
3, 107, 653
1,917,321
7,649,783
4,129,980
6,711,860
3,430,564
937,923
093, 422
090, 457
478,355
566,402
373,760
123,995
104,605
6,959,326
3,651,631
6,146,398
3,002,814
813,928
588,817
42,984
6,248
38,990
3,994
6,248
9,410,573
2,792,432
842,599
748, 241
22,094,456
9,270,488
19,918,911
7,552,001
2,175,545
1,717,887
13,101,506
3,112,927
8,811,204
3,064,739
4,290,242
68,188
12,703,430
2,038,339
8,660,913
2,025,398
4, 140, 517
12,941
398,076
474,588
254,351
429,341
143,725
45,247
6,465,800
4,877,278
476,024
505,972
2,051,126
774,311
11,835,284
5,729,815
10, 502, 338
4, 760, 109
1,332,946
969,646
Mississippi
River and
its tribu-
taries.
Other
Inland
waters.
$1,. 570, 879
2,831,203
1,814,445
1,139,909
2, 756, 434
1,691,294
1,804,818
1,027,998
568,424
374, 166
1,236,394
653,832
292, 190
173,663
157,519
100, 789
134,677
72,774
1,512,622
854,435
410,905
273,377
1,101,717
531,058
10,045
41,298
3,875
37,902
0,170
3,396
5,034,674
2,623,435
1,772,819
1,020,487
3,261,855
1,602,948
1,560,337
1,151,894
1,395,862
937, 773
164,475
214, 121
1,078,825
697,648
918, 548
516,342
160, 277
182,306
481,512
454,246
477,314
422, 431
4,198
31,815
1,063,853
1,078,064
(■)
(')
327,655
163,691
2,082,829
229,786
2,378,014
1,365,232
876, 748
567,614
1,501,266
797,018
$1,368,762
1,658,040
' Figures not shown separately, to avoid disclosure of individual operations.
911,471
1,368,762
646,569
390,988
473,109
269,040
390,986
204,069
03,018
62,420
41,499
63,018
20,921
333,968
410,689
227,541
333,968
183,148
1,981
2,904
1,981
2,904
658,448
590,242
352,518
658,448
237,724
1,361,470
1,284,280
679,905
1,361,470
604,355
66,184
38,698
31,100
35, 413
35,084
3,285
66,184
38,698
31,100
35, 413
35,084
3,285
256,549
182,739
256,549
182,739
844,411
529,061
194,326
533,762
703,022
694,018
327,387
703,022
366,631
104378°— 19
10
MAJNUFACTUKl^JIS.
During 1916 the shipbuilding industry gave employ-
ment to 72,497 wage earners, as compared with
44,489, in 1914. In 1916 the North Atlantic division
reported 45.1 per cent of the total number of wage
earners; the South Atlantic, 19.1 per cent; the Pacific,
16.4 per cent; and the Great Lakes, 12.4 per cent.
Nearly 80 per cent of the wage earners were engaged
in the construction and repair of steel vessels.
Table 7 shows the number of shipbuilding establish-
ments in the United States for 1916 and 1914, dis-
tributed according to the geographic divisions, states,
and by coast divisions and inland waters. A number
of the states reported establishments classified in
two or more of the water divisions. For example,
Louisiana reported estabhshments classified in the
"Gulf," "Mississippi River and its tributaries,"
and "Other inland waters"; and Pennsylvania re-
ported establishments classified in the "North At-
lantic," "Great Lakes," "Mississippi River and its
tributaries," and "Other inland waters" divisions.
Table 7
t».
NUMBER Of ESTABLISHMENTS.
GEOGRAPmC DIVlSIOJt
AND STATE.
Census year.
NtTMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS.
1
1
Coast divisions.
Inland waters.
1
CQ
1
•a
Coast divisions.
Inland waters.
GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION
AND STATE,
i
<
1
1
<
u
t.
•a
1
o
>
s
.s-s
1
O
1
5
1
1
>
11
o
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1915
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1,137
1,147
240
252
459
485
126
115
90
S4
133
137
131
142
101
75
97
109
South Atlantic
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
176
169
9
8
126
115
33
40
7
5
1
1
218
231
1
22
21
9
8
50
42
2
2
30
29
7
5
12
11
2
2
7
4
57
66
47
30
9
8
New England
Maryland
49
41
2
2
30
29
1
100
107
6
7
4
2
85
84
14
15
31
37
306
325
89
97
11
10
6
7
4
2
1
2
District of Colum-
bia.
1
Maine
New Hampshire . . .
West Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Vermont
,.
7
6
Massachusetts
84
82
14
15
31
37
232
246
••■••
"12'
11
2
2
7
4
24
26
Rhode Island
1
Connecticut
Florida..
1
39
44
10
10
25
25
33
40
21
16
1
Middle Atlantic
East South Central
_
26
13
]
New York
200
207
76
85
30
33
145
156
142
144
74
83
16
19
37
40
21
23
2
2
2
23
33
^^
3
1
2
3
3
5
8
13
17
19
24
1
17
11
4
3
8
4
18
12
44
31
4
17
10
4
3
1
New Jersey
1
Pennsylvania
2
4
89
95
10
10
33
28
7
4
14
12
36
28
East North Central
4
West South Central. . . .
3
1
Ohio
32
29
10
9
18
22
55
62
30
34
44
45
15
17
16
9
9
7
6
10
""2
2
22
18
5
3
Indiana
4
Illinois
9
9
50
54
15
15
3
3
26
17
14
14
2
' 2
22
14
14
14
3
1
I
Michigan
Wisconsin
?
Idaho
2
West North Central
2
2
133
137
57
64
26
21
60
52
2
Pacific
2
133
1,37
2S
30
10
11
5
3
1
1
3
3
10
8
6
7
5
2
1
1
15
19
4
4
""i
Minnesota
Washington
Iowa
57
64
26
21
50
62
California
South Dakota
j 1
1 1
1
In 1916 the North Atlantic division contained 40.4
per cent of all the shipbuilding plants in the United
States as compared with 42.3 per cent in 1914, a
decrease of 26 establishments in two years. The
Mississippi division shows the largest relative increase
in the number of shipbuilding plants, amounting to
26, or 34.7 per cent. There was also an increase of
9.6 per cent and 7.1 per cent in the number of estab-
lishments in the South Atlantic and Gulf divisions,
respectively, between 1914 and 1916. In the other
three divisions, the number of establishments shows
an aggregate loss of 27 plants.
Persons engaged in the industry. — Table 8 shows, for
1916, 1914, and 1909, the number of persons engaged
in the industry as a whole and in the two main
branches, classified according to occupational status
and sex, and, in the case of wage earners, according to
age. It should be borne in mind that the sex and age
classification is an estimate obtained by the method
described in the "Explanation of terms."
SHIPBUILDING.
11
Table 8
INDUSTRY AND CLAS.S.
SHIPBUILDINQ, INCLCDINQ
BOAT BUILDINa.
Proprietors and officials
Proprietors and firm members . .
Salaried oflicers of corporations.
Sui)erlntendents and managers .
Clerks and other subordinate sala-
ried employees.
*
Wage earners (average number)
16 years of age and over
Under 16 years of age
SHIPBtnLDINa, STEEL
Proprietors and ofBcials
Proprietors and firm members. . .
Salaried officers of corporations. .
Superintendents and managers. .
Cen-
sus
year.
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
UI14
1909
1916
1914
1909
1918
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE INDUSTRY.
Total.
78,333
48,667
44,949
2,653
2,187
2,471
1,103
1,192
1,463
399
323
367
1,151
672
641
3,183
1,991
1,973
72,497
44,489
40, .506
72,097
44, 288
40,135
400
201
371
59,802
35, 664
30,041
1,007
585
491
35
24
21
194
166
122
778
395
348
Male.
Fe-
male.
77,802
48,314
44,597
2,605
2,154
2,447
1,062
1,163
1,440
394
320
386
1,149
671
641
2,818
1,765
1,706
72,379
44,395
40, 444
71,979
44, 195
40, 073
400
200
371
59,476
35, 470
29,890
1,003
S82
491
33
22
21
193
165
122
777
395
348
531
353
352
365
226
266
118
94
62
118
93
326
194
151
Per cent of
total.
Male.
99.3
99.3
99.2
98.2
98.5
99.0
96.3
97.6
98.4
98.7
99.1
99.7
99.8
99.9
100.0
88.5
88.8
86.5
99.8
99.8
99.8
99.8
99.8
99.8
100.0
99.5
'o.h
100.0
99.5
0.5
99.5
0.5
99.5
0.5
99.6
0.4
99.5
0.5
100.0
94.3
5.7
91.7
8.3
100.0
99.5
0.5
99.4
0.6
100.0
99.9
0.1
100.0
100.0
Fe-
male.
0.7
0.7
0.8
1.8
1.5
1.0
3.7
2.4
1.6
1.3
0.9
0.3
0.2
0.1
11.5
11.4
13.5
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
2
0.2
LNDUSIBY AND CLASS.
smpBHiLDiNG, STEEL— continued.
Clerics and otiier subordinate sala-
ried employees.
Wage earners (average number)
16 years of age and over
Under 16 years of age ,
SmPBtnLDING, WOODEN, IN-
CLUDING BOAT BUILDING.
Proprietors and officials
Proprietors and firm members . . .
Salaried offlcers of corporations. .
Superintendents and managers. .
Clerks and other subordinate sala-
ried employees.
Wage earners (average number)
16 years of age and over
Under 16 years of age
Cen-
sus
year.
1918
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1918
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE INDUSTRY.
Total.
2,558
1,571
1,407
56,237
33,508
28,143
55,859
33,323
27,794
378
185
349
18,531
13,003
14,908
1,646
1,602
1,980
1,068
1,168
1,442
205
157
245
373
277
293
625
420
665
16,260
10, 981
12,363
16,238
10,965
12,341
24
16
22
Male.
2,335
1,447
1,302
56,138
33,441
28,097
55,760
33,257
27,748
378
184
349
18,326
12,844
14,707
1,602
1,572
1,956
1,029
1,141
1,419
201
155
244
372
276
293
483
318
404
16, 241
10,954
12,347
16,217
10,938
12,325
24
16
22
Fe-
male.
223
124
105
99
67
46
46
205
159
201
142
102
161
19
27
18
19
27
16
Per cent of
total.
Male.
91.3
92.1
92.5
99.8
99.8
99.8
99.8
99.8
99.8
100.0
99.5
100.0
98.9
98.8
98.7
97.3
98.1
98.8
96.3
97.7
98.4
98.0
98.7
99.6
99.7
99.6
loao
77.3
75.7
71.5
99.9
99.8
99.9
99.9
99.8
99. «
100.0
100.0
100.0
Fe-
male.
a?
7.9
7.5
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
1.1
1.2
1.3
2.7
1.9
1.2
3.7
2.3
1.6
2.0
1.3
0.4
0.3
0.4
22.7
24.3
28.5
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
The average number of persons engaged in the
industry as a whole during 1916 was 78,333 as com-
pared with 48,667 in 1914 and 44,949 in 1909. Of
these persons in 1916, 72,497, or 92.5 per cent, were
wage earners; 2,653, or 3.4 per cent, proprietors and
officials; and 3,183, or 4.1 per cent, clerks and other
subordinate salaried employees. Of the total number
of persons employed, 77,802, or 99.3 per cent, were
males, and 531, or seven-tenths of 1 per cent, females.
Most of the females were clerks, only 118 being wage
earners. The average number of boys under 16 years
of age was 400, and nearly all of these were employed
in steel shipbuilding. The greater prevalence of
individual ownership in the wooden ship and boat
building branch of the industry is shown by the fact
that 5.8 per cent of the persons engaged were pro-
prietors and firm members, while less than 1 per cent
of the persons engaged in the steel branch of the
Industry belong to this class.
Table 9 shows the per cent of increase in the num-
ber of persons engaged in the industry, by occupa-
tional status and sex, for the periods 1909-1914 and
1914-1916, together with the, per cent distribution for
the three censuses.
Table 9
PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE INDUSTRY.
CLASS.
Per cent of increase.'
Per cent distributiSn.
1914-1916
1909-1914
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
AllcMs'^PS
61.0
61.0
50.4
8.3
8.3
0.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Proprietors and officials
21.3
-7.5
23.5
71.3
59.9
63.0
62.8
99.0
20.9
-8.7
23.1
71.2
59.7
63.0
62.9
100.0
61.5
-11.5
-18.5
-12.0
4.8
1.0
9.8
10.3
-45.8
-12.0
-19.2
-12.6
4.7
3.5
9.8
10. 3
-46.1
-15.0
3.3
1.4
0.5
1.5
4.1
92.5
92.0
0.5
4.5
2.4
0.7
1.4
4.1
91.4
91.0
0.4
5.5
3.3
0.8
1.4
4.4
90.1
89.3
0.8
3.4
1.'
0.5
1.5
3.6
93.0
92.5
0.5
4.5
2.4
0.7
1.4
3.6
91.9
91.5
0.4
5.5
3.2
0.8
1.5
3.8
90.7
89.9
0.8
9.0
7.7
0.9
0.4
68.7
22.2
22.2
9.3
8.2
0.8
0.3
64.0
26.6
26.3
0.3
6.8
6.5
0.3
75.6
17.6
17.6
Proprietors iind firm members
Salaried officers of corporations
Superintendents and managers
Clerks and other subordinate salaried em-
Wage earners (average number)
Under 16 years of age
' A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease; percentages are omitted where base Is less than 100.
12
MANUFACTURES.
The total number of persons engaged in the industry
increased by 29,666, .or 61 per cent, during the two-
year period 1914-1916, as compared with an increase
of only 3,718, or 8.3 per cent, for the five-year period
1909-1914.
The only class of persons employed which showed a
decrease between 1914 and 1916 was proprietors and
firm members, which decreased 7.5 per cent. The
nmnber of salaried officers of corporations and of
superintendents and managers increased 23.5 per cent
and 71.3 per cent, respectively, indicating an increase
in the size of the establishments though the number
of these decreased between 1914 and 1916. Wage
earners 16 years of age and over represented 92 per
cent of the total number of persons engaged in ship-
building in 1916, 91 per cent in 1914, and 89.3 per
cent in 1909. Though the mmiber of wage earners
under 16 years of age almost doubled between 1914
and 1916, they represented only five- tenths of 1 per
cent of the total number of wage earners in 1916,
four-tenths of 1 per cent in 1914, and eight-tenths of
1 per cent in 1909.
Wage earners employed, by months. — Table 10 pre-
sents the total number of wage earners employed in
the shipbuilding industry on the 15th of each month,
or the nearest representative day, for 1916, 1914, and
1909, and the average number employed during each
month in 1904, together with the percentage which
the number reported for each month forms of the
greatest number reported for any month.
In 1916 the maximum number employed in the
entire industry was 85,928 in December; in 1914,
49,567 in May; and in 1909 and 1904, 42,256 and
53,975, respectively, in April. The month of mini-
mum employment was January in both 1916 and
1904; November, in 1914; and February, in 1909.
For the steel shipbuilding branch the maximum
nxunber was employed in March in 1914, in December
in 1909, and in April in 1904, while for the wooden
ship and boat budding branch of the industry for
these years. May and .Tune were the months of maxi-
mum employment. For_ these census years there
was no general trend from the season of minimum
employment to that of maximum, but for 1916, the
maximum month of employment for the industry and
the two branches was December, and an almost steady
increase in the number employed is shown from the
month of January to December. This fact is un-
doubtedly due to the great acceleration in the ship-
building industry due to the war.
Table 10
INDUSTBT AND MONTH.
SHIPBUILDtNO, INCLUD-
ING BOAT BUILDINa.
January . . .
February . .
March
April
May
June
July
August
September.
October
November .
December. .
WAGE EARNERS IN THE INDUSTRY.
Nomber.i
1916 1914 1909 1901
SHIPBOTLDINQ, STEEL.
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
smPBuiLDmo,
WOODEN, INCLUDINQ
BOAT BOTLDINQ.
January...
February . .
March
April
May
June
July
August
September.
October
November . ,
December. .
47,087
48,674
51,376
52,633
53,809
55,944
55,659
57.257
59,565
61, 756
64,804
66,399
12,346
12,941
13,406
15, 168
16, 348
17,307
17,129
17,002
17,504
17,525
18, 796
19,529
36,262
35, 435
36,788
36,636
36, 773
36, 222
34,822
32,967
29,808
28, 743
28, 107
29,533
10,776
10,341
11,746
12,305
12, 794
12,388
11,342
10,639
10,062
10, 419
9,736
9,224
27,831
26,279
27,299
28, 641
28, 445
27, 623
26, 927
26, 823
28, 435
29,415
29, 449
30,545
10,685
11,286
12,623
13, 615
13,799
14,067
13,263
12,326
11,848
11,736
11,574
11,530
36,544
36,203
36,687
38,-255
37,053
36, 820
36, 350
36,384
36, 523
36,712
36,651
36, 722
10,932
11,587
13, 295
15, 720
16, 891
16,785
15, 791
15,253
14.691
13,497
12,329
11,393
Per cent o£ maximum.
1916 1914 1909 1904
69.2
71.7
75.4
78.9
81.6
85.2
84.7
86.4
89.7
92.3
97.3
100.0
70.9
73.3
77.4
79.3
81.0
84.3
83.8
86.2
89.7
93.0
97.6
100.0
63.2
66.3
68.6
77.7
83.7
88.6
87.7
87.1
89.6
89.7
96.2
100.0
94 9
92.4
97.9
98.7
100.0
98.1
93.1
88.0
80.4
79.0
76.3
78.2
96.3
100.0
99.6
99.9
98.5
94.7
89.6
81.0
78.1
76.4
80.3
84.2
80.8
91.8
96.2
100.0
96.8
88.7
83.2
78.8
81.4
76.1
7!!.l
91.1
88.9
94.5
100.0
99.9
98.7
95.1
92.6
95.3
97.4
97.1
99.6
91.1
86.0
89.4
93.8
93.1
90.4
88.2
87.8
93.1
96.3
96.4
100.0
76.0
80.2
89.7
96.8
98.1
100.0
94.3
87.6
84.2
83.4
82.3
82.0
88.0
88.5
92.6
100.0
99.9
99.3
96.6
95.7
94.9
93.0
90.7
89.1
95.5
94.6
95.9
100.0
96.9
96.2
95.0
95.1
95.5
96.0
95.8
96.0
64.7
68.6
78.7
93.1
100.0
99.3
93.5
90.3
87.0
79.9
73.0
67.4
' The figures for 1916, 1914, and 1909 represent the number employed on the 15th
of each month, or the nearest representative day; those for 1904, the average number
employed during the month.
Table 11 gives the total average number of wage
earners, and the number employed on the 15th of
each month, or the nearest representative day, for
the shipbuilding industry as a whole and for each
of its branches, for 1916 and 1914. The table also
shows for both years corresponding numbers for each
state reporting 500 or more wage earners in 1916.
In 1914, the month of maximum employment in 13
of the 20 states shown in the table was a spring or
early summer month or during the period from March
to June, while in 1916 the month of greatest activity
in 15 of the 20 states was in the latter part of the
year — namely, from September to the end of the year.
This again reflects war conditions in 1916.
New York, which ranked first in number of wage
earners employed in 1916, showed December as the
month of maximmn employment; New Jersey, which
SHIPBUILDING.
13
ranked second, and California, fourth, also re-
ported the largest number employed in December.
Virginia, which ranked third, showed the maximum
nvmaber for March. In 1914, the maximum number for
New York was employed in May ; for New Jersey, in
June ; for California and Virginia, in January.
Table 11
mCUSIBY AND STATE.
United States
Shipbuilding, steel
Shipbuilding, wooden, including
boat building.
Alabama
CalUomla
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Illinois
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
New Jersey
New York
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
Virginia
Washington
Wisconsin
Census
year.
1918
1914
1916
1914
1918
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
Aver-
age
number
em-
ployed
during
year.
WAGE r.ABNERS: 1918 AND 1914.
[The month ol maximum employment is indicated by boldface figures and that of minimum by italic figures. J
72,497
44,489
56,237
33,508
16,280
10,981
Number employed on 15th day ol the month or nearest representative day.
Janu-
ary.
S9,4SS
47,038
47;087
36, 262
IS, si,e
10, 776
Febru-
ary.
61,616
45, 778
48, 674
35, 433
12,941
10, 341
541
464
S8B
433
7,113
3,457
4,951
3,917
1,312
514
976
406
1,938
784
1,948
771
1,172
489
1,018
540
698
418
527
557
1,306
666
893
880
1,857
1,122
1,481
1,101
5,328
2,468
4,999
2,651
4,373
3,944
4,925
3,890
2,225
1,261
2,057
1,023
7,777
8,324
e,t29
6,291
9,928
6,076
7,909
6,475
S,059
2,879
4,oos
3,175
1,003
164
SOO
163
6,440
4,773
s.ose
5,261
618
581
616
544
7,222
4,846
7,068
5,456
3,744
1,414
1,890
1,649
1,250
895
866
623
493
453
5,703
3,759
4oe
1,909
779
954
483
605
595
994
913
1,487
1,139
4,47S
2,2?1
4,483
3,818
2,143
1,301
8,546
6,190
8,381
5,706
4,573
3,431
500
209
5,348
4,668
722
7,401
6,381
1,710
1,717
993
730
March.
64,782
48, 634
61,376
36, 788
13,406
11, 746
534
535
5,865
3,715
977
471
1,822
918
9S4
503
618
513
971
904
1,572
1,338
5,040
2,535
4,422
4,394
2,482
1,562
7,078
6,324
8,528
8,359
4,800
3,566
476
224
5,751
5,045
727
737
7,570
6,002
2,184
1,663
1,153
947
April.
67,801
48, 941
52,633
36,636
15, 108
12,303
422
445
6,763
'3,360
1,096
559
2,066
976
1,072
485
626
620
794
741
1,699
1,341
5,280
2,407
4,605
4,436
2,869
1,745
7.256
6,623
9,649
6,812
5,079
3,443
472
197
5,189
3,321
739
719
7,514
4,828
2,236
1,698
1,174
1,016
May.
70, 167
49,567
5.3, 809
36,773
16,348
12,794
395
480
6,285
3,333
1,095
594
2,072
966
1,070
313
517
422
1,063
684
1,756
1,333
5,211
2,439
4,308
4,537
2,748
1,783
8,053
6,790
10, 171
7,078
4,998
3,209
564
209
6,238
6,629
704
762
7, 659
4,956
2,546
1,639
1,218
1,048
June.
73,251
48,610
35,944
36,222
17,307
12,388
510
612
7,101
3,739
1,083
574
2,126
928
1,097
451
516
396
616
1,818
1,157
6,281
2,618
4,489
4,709
2,921
1,660
7,632
6,827
10,461
6,832
5,328
2,832
738
186
8,640
5,710
794
649
7,269
4,853
3,160
1,474
1,310
919
July.
August.
72,788
46,164
65,669
34, 822
17,129
11,342
463
431
7,180
3,647
1,567
560
1,US
1,262
4I6
667
411
1,435
642
1,866
1,155
5,426
2,681
4,244
4,472
1,804
1,430
7,897
6,687
10,523
5,988
5,403
2,890
797
156
3,180
473
314
6,954
4,949
3,408
1,373
1,353
691
74,259
43,606
57,257
32,967
17,002
10, 639
640
521
7,433
3,010
1,588
538
1,255
473
BOO
332
1,486
704
1,979
1,160
5,224
2,638
4,173
4,115
1,872
1,349
7,947
6,259
10,220
5,689
5,412
2,752
1,031
147
7,154
4,938
467
481
7,166
4,961
3.941
1,271
1,336
613
Sep-
tember.
77,069
39, 870
59,565
29,808
17,504
10,062
582
462
7, 875
S,00o
1,562
543
2,258
653
1,263
434
383
261
1,563
487
1,990
1,068
3,639
2,489
4,079
3,158
1,939
1,148
8,081
6,911
10,424
S,SS9
6,298
2,444
1,374
127
7,169
4,367
501
500
6,921
4,728
4,825
1,273
1,314
SSS
Octo-
ber.
79, 281
39, 162
61,756
28,743
17,625
10, 419
530
7,953
3,111
1,487
517
2,037
671
1,272
604
713
292
1,674
496
2,123
970
6,007
2,433
4,024
2,968
1,784
903
8,536
3,958
10,493
5,733
5,259
2,077
1,638
122
7,419
4,019
320
474
8,788
4,539
3,532
1,182
1,433
517
Novem-
ber.
83,600
S7,843
64,804
28,107
18,796
9,736
747
S7S
9,026
3,239
1,741
507
1,883
588
1,416
526
667
260
1,639
4S0
2,192
6,805
2,263
4,266
3,244
1,896
796
8,788
5,926
10, 959
5,646
5,198
2,078
2,002
141
7,226
3,624
551
482
7,071
4,298
6,839
1,126
1,571
457
Decem-
ber.
85,928
38, 757
66, 399
29,633
19,529
9,224
762
403
9,240
3,727
1,703
507
2,001
S47
1,459
430
737
446
1,898
475
2,341
8S4
5,627
2,171
4,568
3,587
2,172
4S1
8,981
8,092
11,516
3,635
6,389
2,633
2,171
107
7,180
S,S14
578
4S0
7,384
4,218
6,668
1,255
1,479
501
Per
cent
mini-
mum
is of
maxi-
mum.
69.2
76.3
70.9
76.4
63.2
72.1
50.5
69.7
53.6
78.7
52.2
67.7
64.1
£6.0
64.0
68.9
67.8
43.7
41.8
49. 3
62.4
63.7
74.5
81.0
81.7
63.0
61.1
24.2
72.7
86.7
68.7
76.7
74.0
58.2
13.8
47.8
68.5
61.5
58.8
56.4
89.7
77.3
25.0
65.6
42.4
34.0
Prevailing hours of labor. — In Table 12 the wage
earners in the industry as a whole, in 1914 and 1909,
have been classified according to the number of hours
of labor per week prevailing in the establishments in
which they were employed. In making this classifi-
cation the average number of wage earners employed
during the year in each establishment was classified
as a total according to the hours prevailing in that
establishment, even though a few employees worked a
greater or smaller number of hours. Figures for 1916
were not obtained.
14
MANUFACTURES.
Table 12
IKDUSTEY AND STATE.
United States
Shipbuilding, steel
Shipbuilding,
wooden, Includ-
ing boat build-
ing.
California
Connecticut —
Delan'are
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts.
Michigan
New Jersey
New York
Ohio
Pennsylvania.
Khode Island. .
Virginia
Washington...
Wisconsin
Cen-
sus
year.
1914
1909
1914
1909
1914
1909
1914
1909
1914
1909
1914
1909
1914
1909
1914
1909
1914
1909
1914
1909
1914
1909
1914
1909
1914
1909
1914
1909
1914
1909
1914
1909
1914
1909
1914
1909
1914
1909
AVEBAOE NUMDF.E OF WAGE EAENERS.
Total.
44,489
40,506
33,508
28,143
10,981
12,363
3,457
1,844
514
427
784
1,239
666
374
1,122
1,755
2,468
1,793
3,944
3,604
1,261
2,344
6,324
4,869
6,076
5,644
2,879
3,200
4,773
3,558
581
535
4,846
5,382
1,444
744
14,730
3,865
In establishment where the prevailing
hours 01 labor per week were—
48 and
imder.
11,928
1,758
2,802
2,107
649
185
74
3,130
94
5,065
150
877
2,271
9
3
344
378
Be-
tween
4S
and
54.
7,638
2,674
6,881
1,811
777
863
3,035
228
i.'iii'
252
4
37
23
8
5
6
33
39
3
1,378
32
333
170
30
3
652
191
1,009
11
16
4,111
156
54.
12,320
9,883
6,900
4,188
5,420
5,695
1
1
1
u
13
1
4
351
272
2
45
4
7
61
400
209
266
746
1,159
326
258
199
179
678
464
463
658
730
85
1,278
3,725
2,000
327
131
163
143
578
512
405
259
1,085
452
554
501
Be-
tween
54
and
60.
1,524
10,045
7,771
14,038
928
8,810
596
1,235
6,393
11,576
1,378
2,462
72
7
116
i
■■"56
25
30
110
87
83
60
1,265
91
1,056
7
2,673
14
1,093
1
340
173
160
794
375
118
2,842
60.
Be-
tween
60
and
72.
175
138
167
389
1,161
35
2,910
287
331
1,738
2,675
37
39
1
22
4,422
5,095
8
18
73
368
506
1
301
137
The figures in this table emphasize the tendency
toward the shortening of the working-day of wage
earners. During the year 1909 only 40.5 per cent of
the total ilumber of wage earners worked in establish-
ments where the prevailing hours were 54 or less per
week, while during 1914, 78 per cent worked in estab-
lishments where these hours prevailed. The largest
number of wage earners employed by any one group
of establishments in 1909 was 14,038, or 34.7 per cent
of the entire number employed in those establishments
which operated 60 hours per week. In 1914 the largest
number, practically the same proportion (33.1 per
cent), were employed in establishments operating 48
hours or fewer per week. Some of the states display
even more remarkable changes. In the state of Maine,
in 1909, 1.7 per cent of the wage earners worked less
than 54 hours per week, while by 1914 the proportion
employed less than 54 hours had increased to 61.3 per
cent. In Maryland wage earners in establishments
operating less than 54 hours increased from 5.9 per
cent of the entire number in 1909 to 63.3 per cent in
1914; in Massachusetts, from 7.3 per cent to 87.8 per
cent; in New Jersey, from 7 per cent to 90.4 per cent;
and in Pennsylvania, from 15 per cent to 93.3 per cent.
Maine, which in 1909 reported 88.1 per cent of the
wage earners as working more than 54 hours per week,
in 1914 reported only 20.9 per cent as being employed
that length of time; for Maryland corresponding per-
centages were 68.2 per cent in 1909 and 9.2 per cent
in 1914; for Massachusetts, 74.4 and five- tenths of 1
per cent; for New Jersey, 66.7 per cent and six-tenths
of 1 per cent; and for Pennsylvania, 81 and 3.2 per
cent. In 1909 the prevailing hours of labor in Cali-
fornia were between 48 and 54 hours per week; in 1914,
48 hours and under.
Character of ownership. — Table 13 presents statistics
concerning the character of ownership or legal organi-
zation of establishments in the shipbuilding industry
for 1914 and 1909.
The shipbuilding and boat-building plants owned by
corporations represented 27.3 per cent of the total
number of establishments in 1916 as against 21.1 per
cent in 1914, and 18.3 per cent in 1909. Corporations
reported, for 1916, 91.6 per cent of the total average
number of wage earners, and 92.2 per cent of the total
value of products, and the corresponding percentages
for 1914 were 89.8 and 89.1, respectively.
In all the states shown in the table, except Ohio and
Washington, the nmnber of estabhshments owned
individually formed the largest class, both in 1916
and in 1914, but as in the United States as a whole, the
corporations were the most important. In Michigan,
during 1914, the establishments under corporate
ownership gave employment to a fraction less than 75
per cent of the total average number of wage earners,
but in 1916 the percentage thus employed increased to
nearly 77 per cent. In all of the other states, both in
1916 and 1914, the corporations employed more than
75 per cent of the wage earners, and in California,
Massachusetts, New Jersey, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and
Rhode Island the proportion of wage earners em-
ployed imder the corporate form of ownership
exceeded 90 per cent in both years. The largest
increase in the proportion of wage earners employed
by corporations was in the state of Washington, the
increase being from 85.5 per cent in 1914 to 95.6 per
cent in 1916.
Maine was the only state showing a decrease from
1914 to 1916 in the proportion of the value of products
of establishments under corporate ownership. All the
states in the table, however, showed that corporations
produced over 75 per cent of the total value of prod-
ucts, and California, Connecticut, Massachusetts,
New Jersey, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island
showed a production exceeding 90 per cent for both
SHIPBUILDING.
15
years. Washington, which showed the largest in-
crease in the proportion of wage earners employed by
corporations, also showed the largest increase in the
proportion of total value of products, the increase
being from 82.3 per cent in 1914 to 96.1 per cent in
1916.
TaMelS
INDUSTRY AND BTATE.
United States.,
Shipbuilding, steel. .
ShipbulldlnK, wood-
en, including boat
building.
California
Connecticut
Louisiana
Maine ,
Maryland ,
Massachusetts
Michigan
New Jersey
New York
Ohio
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
Washington
Wisconsin
Cen-
sus
year.
191R
1914
1909
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
NTJMBEB OF
ESTABUSUMENTS
OWNED BY—
Indi-
vid-
uals.
630
695
824
"IT
7
619
688
23
116
129
Cor-
pora-
310
242
247
223
178
All
oth-
ers.
AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNER.S.
Total.
72,497
44,489
40,506
5«, 236
33,508
16,261
10,981
7,113
3,457
1,312
614
1,306
1,8.57
1,122
5,326
2,468
4,373
3,944
2,225
1,281
7,777
6,324
9,928
6,076
S,a59
2,879
6,440
4,773
616
581
3,744
1,444
1,250
695
In e.stabllshraents
owned by —
Indi-
vid-
uals.
3,647
2,666
3,660
618
189
3,029
2,477
404
203
■100
49
163
95
259
168
202
139
asi
175
160
148
830
697
123
131
Cor-
pora-
tions.
66,442
39,967
34,475
55, 244
33,019
11, 198
6,948
6,623
3,171
1,212
460
1,171
534
1,452
893
4,879
2,126
4,115
3,750
1,712
940
7,495
6,095
8,527
4,935
4,989
2,769
6,282
4,531
567
535
3,581
1,234
1,157
606
AU
oth-
ers.
2,408
1,8.56
2,371
374
300
2,034
1,5.56
242
134
188
174
132
146
122
81
571
444
35
111
114
115
Per cent of total.
Indi-
vid-
uals.
5.0
6.0
9.0
1.1
0.0
18.6
22.6
5.7
5.9
7.6
9.5
5.7
6.8
8.8
8.5
4.9
4.6
3.5
17.1
13.9
2.1
2.3
8.4
11.5
0.7
2.6
1.9
2.7
7.1
7.4
1.3
1.8
3.5
Cor-
pora-
tions.
91.6
89.8
85.1
98.2
98.5
68.9
63.3
93.1
91.7
92.4
89.5
89.7
80.2
78.1
79.6
91.6
86.1
94.1
95.1
76.9
74.5
96.4
96.4
85.9
81.2
98.6
96.2
97.5
94.9
92.0
92.1
95.6
85.5
92.6
87.2
All
otli-
ers.
3.3
4.2
5.9
0.7
0.9
12.5
14.2
1.2
2.4
1.0
4.7
13.1
13.0
11.9
3.5
7.1
1.3
1.4
5.9
11.6
1.6
1.3
5.7
7.3
0.7
1.3
0.5
2.3
0.8
0.5
3.0
8.0
5.6
9.4
VALXm OF PBODtTCTS.
Total.
41,233,081
22,465,379
19,777,911
8,104,033
6,217,274
1,665,293
2,606,767
1,080,319
4,882,131
2,482,618
12,205,557
4,521,169
12,18.5,3.54
8,627,481
5, 637, 1C8
2,822,557
20,311,529
11,860,965
31,357,645
14, 195, 298
12,160,007
4,716,787
16,816,071
9,639,865
1,523,614
1,209,372
10,829,812
3,101,446
3,826,847
1,254,088
Of establishments owned by-
Individ-
uals.
l,420,6«t
434,942
7,428,918
5, 163, 677
1,530,807
550,871
I 163, 835
98,255
127,836
31,580
475, 171
190,833
483,147
254,161
440,007
330,618
679,570
336,488
322,038
331,988
2,326,178
1,619,349
83,976
105,840
282, 145
275,820
88,770
80,807
, 118,980
273,265
40,019
50,202
Corpora-
tions.
142,2.55,944
64,973,326
29, 105, 323
14,072,706
18,036,821
7,350,730
6,093,439
1,553,918
2,395,786
956,732
3,797,229
2,007,196
11,268,684
3,919,507
11,573,772
8,139,590
4,620,709
2, 134, 864
19,7.51,940
11,333,679
27,394,616
11,433,607
12,009,771
4,537,147
16,397,417
9,084,585
1,421,910
1,116,634
10,408,725
2,551,020
3,649,285
1,099,122
All others.
$.5,641,346
4,037,420
4,917,433
942, .506
808,424
4, 698, 840
3,228,996
210,283
202,432
13,120
83,145
92,007
609,731
284,489
453,728
347,501
171,575
157,273
336,824
351,205
237,551
195,298
1,636,851
1,142,342
66,260
73,800
136,509
179,460
14,934
11,931
304,107
277, 161
137,543
104,784
Per cent of total.
Indi-
vid-
uals.
4.8
«.3
9.3
1.0
0.7
18.0
23.0
7.7
6.8
2.6
5.9
4.9
2.9
9.7
7.7
4.0
5.6
3.6
3.8
12.1
11.9
1.6
2.8
7.4
11.4
0.7
2.2
1.7
2.9
5.7
6.7
1.1
8.8
1.0
4.0
Cor-
pora-
92.2
89.1
84.0
70.6
62.6
91.2
90.7
97.4
93.3
91.9
88.6
77.8
80.9
92.3
86.7
95.0
94.3
82.0
75.6
97.2
95.6
87.4
80.5
96.2
97.5
96.2
93.3
92.3
96.1
$2.3
95.4
87.6
AU
oth-
ers.
3.0
4.6
6.7
"Ti
1.2
11.4
14.4
1.1
2.5
0.8
3.2
8.5
12.8
11. S
3.7
7.7
1.4
1.8
5.9
12.4
1.3
1.8
5.2
8.0
0.5
1.6
0.8
1.9
1.0
1.0
2.8
8.9
3.6
8.4
' Includes the group "All others.'
Classiflcation according to size. — The tendency of
the industry to become concentrated in large estab-
lishments is indicated by the statistics given in
Table 14.
Table 14
VALUE OF PRODUCT.
All cl:isse3 ....
Less than S.i,000
15,000 to 120,000
»20,000 to 5100,000...
tl00,000 to 51,000,000
$1,000,000 and over..
Census
year.
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
Num-
ber of
estaiv
lish-
ments.
1,137
1,147
1,353
461
649
682
300
314
301
197
182
218
144
87
78
35
15
14
Aver-
age
num-
ber of
wage
earners.
72, 497
44,489
40,606
Value of
products.
$185, 852, 192
88,682,071
73,360,315
472
668
724
1,764
1,669
2,147
4,364
4,102
5,422
16,827
11,581
10,560
49,070
26,519
21,603
1,019,222
1,199,088
1,534,941
3,101,970
3,21(1,529
3,688,013
9,006,099
7,910,338
9,388,497
42,396,128
25,230,918
21,143,086
130,328,773
51,118,578
37,605,778
Value
added by
manu-
facture.
$96,583,362
50,085,101
42,145,957
eS2, 718
822, 80!i
1,032,169
2,015,011
2, OiiC, 431
2,325,787
5, 132, 024
4,442,517
5, 538, 002
22,343,535
15, 108, 403
12,602,776
66,410,074
27,644,944
20,647,223
VALUE OF PRODUCT.
Per cent distribution:
Less than $5,000
$5,000 to $20.000
$20,000 to $100,000...
$100,000 to $1,000,000
$1,000,000 and over. .
Census
year.
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
Num-
ber of
estab-
lish-
ments.
40.5
47.9
50.4
26.4
27.4
26.7
17.3
15.9
16.1
12.7
7.6
5.8
3.1
1.3
1.0
Aver-
age
num-
ber of
wage
earners.
0.7
1.3
1.8
2.4
3.8
5.3
6.0
9.4
13.4
23.2
26.0
26.0
67.7
59.6
63.5
Value of
products.
0.6
1.4
2.1
1.7
3.6
5.0
4.8
8.9
12.8
22.8
28.5
28.8
70.1
67.6
61.3
Value
added by
manu-
facture.
0.7
1.6
2.4
2.1
4.1
5.5
5.3
8.9
13.1
23.1
30.2
29.9
68.8
55.2
49.0
16
MANUFACTURES.
Though there was an actual decrease in the munber
of estabhshments, the shipbuilding industry shows
decided growth between 1914 and 1916 due almost
entirely to the increased number and business of the
large plants. The great bulk of the value of the prod-
ucts, 70.1 per cent in 1916, was reported by estab-
lishments whose product was valued at $1,000,000 or
more, a much larger proportion than in 1914 when
establishments of this size reported 57.6 per cent of the
entire value of product for the industry. Establish-
ments reporting a product of less than $5,000 and
between $5,000 and $20,000 decreased both numeri-
cally and in importance between 1909 and 1916.
"While there was an increase between 1914 and 1916 in
the number of estabhshments shown for the classes
reporting a value of product between $20,000 and
$100,000 and between $100,000 and $1,000,000, the
proportions contributed by each of these to the totals
for the industry decreased for each of the items
shown. The average value of products per estab-
lishment in the United States increased from $64,220
in 1909 to $77,317 in 1914, and $163,458 in 1916.
Classification by number of wage earners. — Table 15
shows the size of estabhshments in the industry in
1916, 1914, and 1909, as measured by the number of
wage earners employed, for the industry as a whole,
for each branch separately, and for the 20 leading
states in the industry.
Table IS
mUUSTBT AND STATE.
United States.
Shipbuilding, steel.
Shipbuilding, wooden , in-
cluding boat building .
Alabama
California
Connecticut...
Delaware
Florida
Ullnois
Louisiana.....
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts.
Michigan
New Jersey....
New York
Ohio
Oregon.
Cen-
sus
year.
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
Estab-
lish-
ments.
Wage
earners
(average
num-
ber).
1,137
1,147
1,353
109
79
53
1,028
1,068
1,300
26
17
25
100
107
156
50
42
46
85
84
115
55
62
91
76
85
97
200
207
255
32
29
39
26
21
72,497
44, 489
40,506
56,236
33,508
28,143
16,261
10,981
12,363
541
464
7,113
3,457
1,844
1,312
514
427
1,938
784
1,239
1,172
418
1,306
666
374
1,857
1,122
1,755
6,326
2,468
1,793
4,373
3,944
3,604
2,225
1,261
2,344
7,777
6,324
4,869
9,928
6,076
5,644
5, aw
2,879
3,200
1,003
164
ESTABLISHMENTS EMPLOYING —
No
wage
earn-
ers.
146
170
192
145
170
192
lto5
wage
earners.
•a "J
■° 5
"a
485
602
711
4
4
2
481
598
709
41
57
76
103
121
10
13
13
11
9
Wage
earn-
ers.
1,024
1,334
1,456
1,008
1,325
1,447
90
23
21
21
76
95
125
55
27
43
101
128
184
59
84
95
76
84
116
143
225
264
22
27
27
20
IS
6 to 20
.wage
earners.
•a .
~ is
CO O
1^
230
194
257
12
11
4
218
183
253
Wage
earn-
ers.
2,371
2.157
2,841
151
137
53
2,220
2,020
2,788
40
137
190
124
61
48
126
24
6
24
160
108
91
X23
42
111
224
128
237
67
127
68
145
144
171
113
66
118
115
135
124
406
362
724
21 to 50
wage
j3 a
tsa
113
81
94
Wage
earn-
ers.
3,515
2,644
3,089
66S
369
227
2,947
2,275
2,862
49
236
137
133
34
54
56
25
25
53
178
31
40
76
92
109
205
143
227
435
281
321
143
82
148
76
137
65
70
187
206
544
600
44
.TO
154
147
54
51 to 100
wage
Wage
earn-
ers.
5,095
2,966
3,632
1,182
763
611
3,913
2,203
3,021
157
78
146
98
73
270
151
205
114
149
133
238
117
154
66
132
63
81
120
2.'i6
315
312
399
335
1,273
708
934
249
128
108
172
60
101 to 250
wage
earners.
■2 2
^ a
t«a
w
20
Wage
earn-
C5 «
SB
295
563
303
502
166
214
172
121
ISO
684
404
324
121
340
340
228
580
435
329
172
182
774
1,283
736
523
1,061
7.85
348
232
634
251 to 500
wage
earners.
Wage
eam-
X! c
es «
7,690
4,138
3,355
6,614
-3,235
3,355
1,076
903
377
332
756
322
'484'
260
453
282
367
255
279
643
477
314
959
453
1,956
534
584
384
663
282
501 to 1,000
wage
earners.
Wage
earn-
ers.
.2 "?
as ^
6,S02
5,337
4,311
5,937
4,747
4,311
665
S90
833
966
616
666
625
790
635
906
666
965
864
1,393
548
566
1,728
1,465
Over 1,000
wage
earners.
Wage
earn-
ers.
38,570
21.320
17,844
38, 570
21.320
17,844
4,820
1,999
1,389
1,049
4,285
1,372
1,001
3,062
3,074
2,652
4,875
3,882
2,859
3,529
1.525
1,642
3,731
1,074
SHIPBUILDING.
17
Table 16— Conttoned.
Cen-
sus
year.
TOTAL.
ESTABLISHIIENTS EMPLOYDJO —
INDUSTBT AND 8TATB.
No
wage
eam-
eis.
ItoS
wage
earners.
6 to 20
wage
earners.
21 to 60
wage
earners.
81 to 100
wage
earners.
101 to 250
wage
earners.
251 to 500
wage
earners.
SOI to 1,000
wage
earners.
Over 1,000
wage
earners.
Estab-
lish-
ments.
Wage
earners
(average
num-
ber).
£> a
o a
Is
w
Wage
earn-
ers.
Wage
earn-
ers.
is
Wage
earn-
ers.
So
S|
Wage
earn-
ers.
Wage
earn-
ers.
si
Wage
earn-
ers.
Wage
earn-
ers.
I2
11
Wage
earn-
ers.
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
30
33
31
14
15
13
30
29
36
57
64
60
30
34
52
6,440
4,773
3,558
616
581
635
7,221
4,846
5,382
3,744
1,444
744
1,260
695
906
4
3
2
3
1
1
1
2
8
13
8
1
2
5
7
15
12
5
9
7
15
16
25
18
31
28
16
20
33
18
45
26
11
17
18
40
46
68
34
81
57
2S
33
.'i9
8
6
7
i
3
5
6
4
15
14
18
6
7
8
70
94
70
19
33
47
58
54
31
165
135
201
59
93
83
3
3
2
2
1
1
3
1
1
5
4
4
3
2
3
88
126
61
53
36
36
88
25
21
176
135
124
107
■ 65
82
4
3
3
276
244
199
2
2
3
1
1
318
213
366
156
134
1
967
4,703
4,051
2,502
i
334
377
361
343
Bbode Island
1
2
3
3
6
1
1
2
1
91
113
219
197
470
75
75
194
98
Vlr^nla
3
1
341
103
6,581
4,399
5,065
1 695
Washington
3
353
951
1,018
287
862
264
Wisconsin
1
2
142
406
1 274
■
Considering the "total for all states there were 146
establishments in operation during 1916 in which no
wage earners were employed, as compared with 170
in 1914 and 192 in 1909. In some cases a few wage
earners were employed for short periods, but the
periods were so short and the numbers so small that
in computing the average number as described in the
"Explanation of terms," no wage earners could be
shown.
Of the total number of wage earners, 60,492, or 83.4
percent, in 1916; 35,388, or 79.5 per cent, in 1914; and
29,488, or 72.8 per cent, in 1909 were reported by estab-
lishments which employed more than 100 wage earners.
The most important group at each census was that
comprising establishments which employed more than
1,000 wage earners. This group reported 53.2 per
cent, 47.9 per cent, and 44.1 per cent of the total -
number of wage earners in 1916, 1914, and 1909, re-
spectively. It is noteworthy that of the establish-
ments employing more than 1,000 wage earners in
1916, three were located in Ohio and two each in Mary-
land, New Jersey, and New York, although the three
largest were in California, Pennsylvania, and Virginia.
The group of establishments which employed from
one to five wage earners shows a decrease both in
number of establishments and number of wage earners
in 1916 as compared with 1914 and 1909. Each of
the groups of establishments employing from 6 to 100
wage earners, increased both in number of establish-
ments and in number of wage earners between 1914
and 1916, although these groups decreased between
1904 and 1914. The states showing the largest per-
centage of increase between 1914 and 1916 in the num-
ber of wage earners employed in the shipbuilding
plants were Oregon, 511.6 per cent; Washington, 159.3
percent; Connecticut, 155.3 per cent; Delaware, 147.2
percent; Florida, 193.7 per cent; and Maryland, 115.8
per cent.
104378°— 19— .3
Engines and power. — Table 16 shows, for 1914, 1909,
and 1904, for the industry, the number and horsepower
of engines or motors employed in generating current
(including electric motors operated by purchased
current). It also shows separately the number and
horsepower of electric motors operated by current
generated in the establishments reporting. This
information was not called for on the schedule for
1916.
The total primary horsepower used in the shipbuild-
ing and the boat-building industry increased 47.6 per
cent between 1904 and 1914. Owned power shows a
proportional decrease from 96.7 per cent in 1904 to
73.7 per cent in 1914, due to the relative increase of
the use of rented electric power, which increased from
3 per cent in 1904 to 26.1 per cent in 1914. The pro-
portion which the power generated by steam engines
and turbines formed of the total oAvned primary power
shows a decrease from 94.3 per cent in 1904 to 69 per
cent in 1914. The use of power generated by internal-
combustion engines shows a marked increase, from
2.3 per cent in 1904 to 4.6 per cent in 1914. The pro-
portion of the power generated by water wheels,
turbines, and motors did not differ from one cen-
sus to another, the percentage of the total — one-
tenth of 1 per cent — being the same for each census
period.
Rented power, which formed 3.3 per cent of the total
power used in 1904, increased to 26.3 per cent of the
total in 1914. Since the census of 1904, electricity
has assumed an increasingly important place in the
shipbuilding industry. The total horsepower of elec-
tric motors in use in 1914 amounted to 66,275, a little
over one-half of which represented the power of mo-
tors nm by current generated in the establishments
reporting. Table 37 shows for 1914 the amount of
each of the several kinds of power iised in each of the
states.
18
MANUFACTURES.
Table 16
Primary power, total.
Owned
Steam engines and turbines •
Internal-combustion engines
Water wlieols, turbines, and motors .
Bented
Electric. .
Other....
Electric
Rented
Generated by establisliments reporting
NDMBEB or ENOmES OB
MOTOBS.
1914
2,999
1,338
831
502
5
1,661
1,661
3,989
1,661
2,328
1909
1,960
1,416
991
420
5
644
544
2,266
544
1,722
1904
1,359
1,20()
1,015
182
9
153
153
1,290
153
1,137
HOESEPOWEB.
Amomit.
1914
115,333
83,029
79,599
5,336
94
30, 304
30,085
219
66,275
30,085
36,190
1909
78, 769
75,180
3,503
9,294
9,264
30
35,334
9,264
26,070
1904
78,127
75,529
73,657
1,785
87
2,598
2,367
231
17, 030
2,367
15,263
Per cent distribution.
1914
100.0
73.7
69.0
4.6
0.1
26.3
20.1
0.2
100.0
45.4
54.6
1909
100.0
89.4
85. 4
4.0
0.1
10.6
10.6
(')
100.0
26.2
73.8
1904
100.0
96.7
94.3
2.3
0.1
3.3
3.0
0.3
100.0
13.4
86.6
' Figures for horsepower include lor 1909 and 1904 the amount reported under the head of "other" owned power.
' Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent.
The states which, in 1914,ranked highest with respect
to the amount of power used in the shipbuilding indus-
try were New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and
Ohio in the order named. The total horsepower re-
ported for these four states in 1914 was 48,963, or 42.5
per cent of the total for the United States. Although
steam was the power most commonly used in all the
states, New York and Pennsylvania reported more
rented electric power than any other kind and New
York also reported a large amount of power derived
from internal-combustion engines.
Fuel. — Table 17 shows for 1914 the kind and quan-
tity of fuel used, for which data were obtained, for the
industry as a whole and for 16 of the leading states.
Bituminous coal was the principal fuel used in the
shipbuilding industry, 251,820 tons being consumed in
1914. The largest amount was reported for New Jer-
sey, which state also reported the largest consumption
of anthracite coal. California reported 78,596 barrels
of oil, or 63.9 per cent of the total quantity of this
kind of fuel consumed in the industry, whUe Ohio
reported 95.6 per cent of all the gas used.
Table 1 7
United States.
California
Connecticut
Delaware
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts . .
Michigan
New Jersey
New Yorli
Ohio
Pennsylvania. . .
Rhode Island...
Virginia
Washington
Wisconsin
Another states.
SHIPBUILDING, INCLUDING BOAT BUrLDING: 1914.
Coal.
Anthra-
cite
(long
tons).
13,441
15
91
512
4
19
481
326
19
6,179
4,255
64
140
5
49
1,125
Bitumi-
nous
(short
tons).
251,820
175
2,227
7,209
740
4,871
19,677
28,652
22,594
36, 101
23,347
24, 434
33,877
4,582
23,693
61
5, 762
13,818
Coke
(short
tons).
10, 548
108
451
34
1
364
350
410
1,397
639
1,851
1,552
9
2,984
190
39
169
Oil,
including
gasoline
(barrels)
122,929
78, 596
317
3,471
1,452
254
1,205
475
2,290
7,170
2,657
4,174
245
43
6,804
11,679
113
1,984
Gas
(1,000 cu-
bic feet).
404,785
30
112
167
140
370
237
194
520
5,741
387,074
219
82
660
9,239
SHIPBUILDING.
19
SPECIAL STATISTICS.
Statistics covered and terms used. — The schedules
Tised in collecting the statistics of shipbuilding required
a detailed statement of the number, kind, and tonnage
of vessels launched; the number, kind, and value of
boats built ; and a statement of the value of the differ-
ent kinds of work done. These statistics were col-
lected for the years 1914 and 1916. For 1914 addi-
tional information regarding the repair facilities of
shipyards was required.
In explanation of the terms gross and net tons, it
should be stated that gross tonnage is the total internal
cubic capacity of a vessel, expressed in tons of 100
cubic feet each, while net tonnage is the internal
cubical capacity remaining after deductions have been
made from gross tonnage for quarters of officers and
crew, for boilers, machinery, and coal bunkers, and for
navigation and other purposes. Net tonnage, there-
fore, may be regarded as that portion of the vessel
which is available for passengers and cargo. Tonnage
measurements are not altogether uniform among mari-
time nations, but vary with the laws of the nation
imder which registry is made. Displacement tonnage,
which is used in stating the size of vessels of the
United States Navy, differs from gross and net tonnage
as applied to merchant vessels, and is merely the
weight of the volume of water displaced, equivalent,
of course, to the weight of the vessel. The tonnage of
vessels of the United States Navy, as given in the
statistics, is always displacement tonnage. While
gross tonnage and displacement tonnage are not by
any means the same, it is necessary to combine the
tonnage of vessels whose capacity is reckoned in one
way with that of vessels whose capacity is reckoned
by the other method in order to obtain a total which
should represent approximately the total tonnage
laimched during the year.
In the tables which follow, gross tonnage is shown
for 1916 and 1914 unless otherwise specified, and the
statistics do not include the products of Government
shipyards nor the subsidiary products of establish-
ments in other industries unless specifically stated.
Vessels and boats. — Table 18 shows the number and
gross toimage of all vessels launched during the census
years 1916, 1914, 1909, and 1904 and distinguishes
three classes of establishments reporting for 1914, 1909,
and 1904, and two classes of establishments for 1916.
In many cases a large part of the work on vessels
launched during the census years was done in prior
years, and, on the other hand, much work was done
during each census year on vessels which were not
laimched.
In 1914, 1909, and 1904 shipbuilding statistics were
collected as a part of the quinquennial census of manu-
factures for these years' and include data for vessels
and boats built by establishments engaged primarily
in other lines of manufacture and hence not classed as
shipbuilding, whereas the census of 1916 did not
cover other raanufacturing industries but was limited
to the shipbuilding industry proper. The statistics
for 1916, therefore, are those of establishments en-
gaged primarily in ship and boat building and repairs,
and include Government shipyards but do not include
any ships or boats that may have been built in estab-
lishments designated as "Private establishments in
other industries." The number, as well as the
tonnage, of .vessels launched by these private estab-
lishments is relatively small, the tonnage amounting to
only 3 per cent of the total in 1914, 2.6 per cent in 1909,
and 3.1 per cent in 1904.
The decliue in shipbuilding during the 10-year
period from 1904 to 1914 is clearly brought out by the
fact that there was a decrease in number and tonnage
of both steel and wooden vessels of 5 tons and over.
The depression in the shipbuilding industry dm-ing
this 10-year period was somewhat relieved by 1916,
as the table shows an increase in 1916 over 1914
both in number and tonnage of vessels launched.
The total gross tonnage of vessels laimched in 1916
by private establishments in the shipbuilding indus-
try was 734,108, an amount exceeding that launched
in 1914 by 309,048 gross tons, or 72.7 per cent. The
construction of steel vessels, which decreased both in
number and in gross tonnage between 1909 and 1914,
shows a great increase between 1914 and 1916, the
increase being 104, or 82.5 per cent, in number of
vessels built, and 242,901, or practically 100 per cent,
in gross toimage. The tonnage of the steel vessels
amounted to 66.2 per cent of the total tonnage
laimched by private establishments. The year 1916
also shows an increased activity in the building of
wooden vessels, the period between 1909 and 1904
having been one of depression in the wooden ship-
building industry. The number of wooden vessels
launched decreased from 1,426 in 1909 to 987 in 1914,
and the gross toimage of these from 212,233 to 182,101,
but in 1916 there was a gain over 1914 of 160 in num-
ber and 66,147, or 36.3 per cent, in gross tonnage.
The number of small power boats of less than 5 tons
built in 1916 was 3,606, as compared with 3,706 in
1914, 8,577 in 1909, and 3,499 in 1904.
20
MANUFACTURES.
Table 18
Census
year.
NUHBEB
AUD QK09S
TONNAGE OT VESSELS LAUNCHED DmUNG
NUMBER OF POWER BOATS.
TBE TEAB, Ain>
cuas.
All establishments.
Private establish-
ments in the ship-
building industry.
Private establish-
ments in other
industries.'
Government
shipyards.
•
Number.
Gross
tonnage.
Number.
Gross
tonnage.
Num-
ber.
Gross
tonnage.
Num-
ber.
Displace-
ment
toimaga
1916
1914
1909
1904
1916
1914
1909
1904
1916
1914
1909
1904
1916
1914
1909
1904
1916
1914
1909
1904
1916
1914
1909
2 1904
1916
1914
1909
1904
1916
1914
1909
1904
1916
1914
1909
1904
1,463
1,255
1,637
2,279
772,167
455,567
481,813
728,104
1,377
1,113
1,584
2,114
734,108
425,060
467,219
678,525
86
48
31
31
38,059
16,853
2,069
27,252
94
22
134
13,654
12,535
22,327
Classified by materials:
Steel
244
215
169
172
1,219
1,040
1,468
2,107
518,858
288,870
260,765
352,669
253,309
186, 697
221,048
375,435
230
126
158
152
1,147
987
1,426
1,962
485,860
242, 959
254,986
328,411
248,248
182, 101
212, 233
350,114
14
20
3
17
72
28
28
14
32,998
16,119
350
23,860
5,061
734
1,709
3,402
\
69
8
3
9,792
5,429
408
1
25
14
131
3,862
7,106
21,919
Classified by power:
Steam
206
148
194
320
434
382
447
311
62
66
68
352
62
40
51
472,597
243,011
235,315
368, 117
30,316
10,867
9,413
3,247
30,625
6,575
2,652
68,615
15,456
2,224
14,807
186
139
181
308
403
370
445
307
62
68
68
349
62
40
51
442,354
234,636
234,633
349,600
29,866
10,821
9,389
3,157
30,625
2, 799
2,6.'i2
64,615
15,456
2,224
14,807
20
9
10
6
31
8
30 243
8! 376
•
Motor
3
6
429
467
253
18,050
450
4
2
4
6
24
90
40
1
8
3,776
1
3
4,000
Unrigged
699
619
877
1,296
223,173
192,890
219,626
288,125
664
506
839
1,150
215,807
174,580
205,738
261,153
35
31
21
22
7 366
82
17
124
9,872
12,082
21.770
8,438
1,806
5,202
3,710
4,618
9,042
3,916
3,606
3,706
8,577
3,499
104
54
63
52
758
412
365
' Not reported in 1916.
Of the 1,377 vessels of all kinds launched by private
establishments in the industry in 1916, 186 with a
total gross tonnage of 442,354 were steam vessels,
an increase of 47 over the number and 207,718 over
the gross tonnage of steam vessels launched in 1914.
Motor craft launched in 1916 were 403 and the gross
tonnage was 29,866. Sailboats, both with and without
auxiliary power, show an increase in number laimched
and gross tonnage between 1914 and 1916.
Establishments in the industry show the increase in
average gross tonnage of vessels launched in 1916, as
compared with those of 1914. The increase in the
average tonnage of steam vessels amoimted to 690
tons, or 40.8 per cent; that of motor craft from an
average of about 29 gross tons to 74, while the average
tonnage of sailboats with auxiliary power in 1916 was
more than ten times the average of 48 gross tons
shown for 1914. Sailboats without auxiliary power
2 Includes sail, without auxiliary power.
also show an increase in average tonnage from about
56 tons in 1914 to nearly 250 in 1916.
Unrigged craft, although declining in both number
and tonnage of vessels launched from 1904 to 1914,
shows a decided increase from 1914 to 1916.
The number of vessels of 5 tons and over launched
in Government shipyards in 1916 was almost double
the number launched in 1914 and the total tonnage
more than double. Of the 86 vessels launched 14
were steel vessels and 72 wooden. The total tonnage
of steam vessels launched in Government shipyards
increased more than 260 per cent between 1914 and
1916.
Table 19 shows, for private establishments in the
shipbuilding industry, the number of vessels launched
and the gross tonnage and the number of power boats
built of less than 5 tons, for 1916 and 1914, by coast
divisions and inland waters.
SHIPBUILDING.
21
Table 19
Vessels launched dtirlnR the year, S gross tons and over:
Number
Gross tonnage
Steel:
Number
Gross toimage
Wooden:
Number
Gross tannage
Steam:
Number
Gross tonnage
Motor:
Number
Gross tonnage
Sail, with auxiliary power:
Number ,
Gross tonnage ,
Sail, without auxiliary power:
Number
Gross tonnage
Unrigged:
Number
Gross tonnage
Power boats latmched during the year of less than 5 gross tons
Census
year.
1916
1914
1916
1914
1918
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
NtnJBEB AND GROSS TONNAGE OF VESSELS LAUNCHED, AND NUHBEB OF POWER BOATS.
United
States.
1,377
1,113
734,108
425,060
230
126
485,860
242,959
1,147
987
248,248
182, 101
186
139
442,354
234,636
403
370
29,866
10,821
62
58
30,625
2,799
62
40
15,456
2,224
664
506
215,807
174,580
3,606
3,706
Coast divisions.
North
Atlantic.
597
401
280,249
174,632
64
41
136,909
108,042
533
360
143,340
66,590
58
44
126,319
104,100
170
123
7,052
2,221
31
35
2,854
1,748
33
18
9,395
1,844
305
181
134,629
64,721
South
Atlantic.
138
99
128,614
69,286
27
21
108,929
60,114
111
78
19,685
9,172
22
18
95,897
57,544
38
33
13,960
593
3
3
1,420
56
1
2
75
64
74
43
17,262
11,029
1,946
1,265
143
206
Gulf.
S7
126
18,507
23,733
7
6
1,990
1,931
80
120
16,517
21,802
7
4
2,652
415
22
28
466
1,909
12
2
4,595
72
12
5
2,298
194
34
87
8,496
21, 143
Paclflc.
223
231
134,086
41,112
20
15
102.119
23,973
203
216
31,967
17, 1.39
33
22
111,404
28,890
123
132
7,315
4,996
9
16
9,985
835
15
15
1,368
122
43
47
4,014
6,269
152
127
191
363
Inland waters.
Great
Lakes.
89
82
121, 134
43,251
57
21
118,600
39,929
32
61
2,534
3,322
102,464
38, 8U
22
39
479
972
7
3
11,771
90
1
■""2,' 320'
13
11
4,100
3,378
Missis-
sippi
River
audits
tribu-
taries.
234
153
50,593
71,612
55
22
17,313
8,970
179
131
33,280
62,642
20
20
3,618
4,798
24
8
549
412
541
190
125
46,426
66,728
Other
inland
waters.
9
21
925
1,434
9
21
925
1,434
78
4
7
45
44
5
12
880
1,312
462
427
300
777
The North Atlantic division ranked first in 1916
and 1914, both in gross tonnage and in the number
of vessels launched. There was constructed in this
division in 1916, 43.3 per cent of all the vessels built
in the United States, comprising 38.2 per cent of the
total tonnage, as compared with 36 and 41.1 per cent,
respectively, in 1914. There was an increase in 1916
over 1914 in the gross tonnage of steel and wooden
vessels launched in the North Atlantic division, the
increase being 26.7 per cent and 115.1 per cent,
respectively.
There were six establishments in the South Atlantic
division which constructed 27 steel vessels of 108,929
gross tons during 1916. The vessels built in this
coast district were of much greater tonnage per vessel
than those constructed in the North Atlantic division.
The higher average tonnage, 4,034, was caused by
one estabUshment building 8 vessels of nearly 8,000
tons each. There was a great increase in the size of
motor vessels; in 1916, 38 such craft were launched
with an average tonnage of 367, as compared with 33
built in 1914 with an arerage of 18 gross tons.
In the Gulf division the table shows for 1916, as
compared with 1914, a decrease in number and tonnage
of vessels launched. In 1916 there were 87 vessels of
all kinds launched as compared with 126 in 1914, a
decrease of 39. In the later year the total gross ton-
nage of vessels laimched was 18,507, as compared
with 23,733 in the earlier year, a decrease of 5,226
tons, or 22 per cent. The decrease in the number and
tonnage of vessels launched was chiefly due to the
smaller number and tonnage of unrigged craft built
and does not necessarily indicate a decline in ship-
building activities, for Table 6, shows that the number
of wage earners employed in 1916 and the value of
work done in the Gulf district exceeded that of 1914.
The Pacific division, which holds an important
position in the shipbuilding industry, has made rapid
progress since 1904, at which time California held
fifth place among the states in the value of products ;
Oregon, twenty-first; and Washington, twelfth place.
Although there was a slight decrease in the number of
vessels buUt from 1914 to 1916, there was a large
increase in tonnage launched. The total gross tonnage
of all classes of vessels constructed in this division
in 1916 was 134,086, an increase over 1914 of 92,974,
or 226.1 per cent. The relative increase in tonnage of
steel vessels launched during the same period was even
greater, amounting to 326 per cent. While there
were only 5 more steel vessels laimched on the Pacific
22
MANUFACTURES.
coast in 1916 than in .1914, there was a large increase
in the mean tonnage per vessel, from 1,598 to 5,106
tons. This large increase in tonnage per vessel was,
ia a measure, due to the fact that 10 steel vessels
for the coastwise or foreign trade, with an average
tonnage of 7,494, were constructed by one establish-
ment in California. In total tonnage launched in
1916 this division holds second place, being outranked
only by the Xorth Atlantic division.
The steel tonnage launched in the Great Lakes
division in 1916 was 118,600, or 197 per cent greater
than that launched in 1914. The number and gross
tonnage of steam vessels bmlt show increases, between
1914 and 1916, while decreases are shown for motor
vessels. In 1914 three sail vessels with auxiliary
power, having an average gross tonnage of 30, were
built in this district, but in 1916 seven such vessels
were constructed with an average tonnage of 1,682.
The number and gross tonnage of steel vessels
launched dm-ing 1916 on the Mississippi River and its
tributaries were much greater than in 1914. In 1916,
55 steel vessels with a gross tonnage of 17,.313 were
launched as compared with 22 vessels with a total
gross tonnage of 8,970 in 1914. In 1916 the same
number of steam vessels was built in this division as
in 1914, but the total tonnage was 1,180 less. Motor
craft were the only class showing an increase between
1914 and 1916, in both number and average tonnage.
No steel vessels were constructed either in 1914 or
1916 in "Other inland waters" and only 9 wooden
vessels were buUt in 1916 with a gross tonnage of 925
and these were motor and unrigged vessels. There
was a relatively large number of small power boats
under 5 gross tons constructed, in 1916, in this divi-
sion, but the number, 300, was 477 less than the num-
ber constructed in 1914.
Table 20 shows the number, class, gross tonnage,
and place where launched of aU steel vessels built in
the United States in 1916, exclusive of Government
vessels.
Table 20
LOCATION OF SHIPYAED.
STEEL VESSELS LADNCHEB: 1916.
Total.
steam
Motor.
Sail.
Unrigged.
Num-
ber.
Tonnage.
Num-
ber.
Tonnage.
Num-
ber.
Tonnage.
Num-
ber.
Tonnage.
Num-
ber.
Tonnage.
Total -
230
485,860
126
424,791
25
13,200
8
14,191
71
28,678
Mobile
1
3
1
10
2
12
2
1
1
5
2
1
1
1
5
9
'8
1
10
15
2
2
9
2
4
2
1
3
5
4
8
6
5
6
39
2
1
9
1
1
2
1
6
2
70
2,250
4,823
74,939
795
14,998
318
1,586
2,029
1,018
165
28
30
80
4,199
13,881
31,952
204
38,646
36,566
940
400
25,285
762
276
284
50
1,624
1,844
7,910
8,860
792
37,542
11,743
14,624
11,200
186
36,890
500
128
54
190
62,778
20,107
755
2.320
9,259
1
1
1
10
70
1,250
4,823
74,939
2
1,000
Oakfand
San Francisco
2
3
1
795
482
60
Delaware
Wilmington ...
6
1
1
1
5
13,532
258
1,566
2,029
1,018
3
984
Tampa
Illinois ..
Chicago
Indiana
Jeffersonville
1
1
1
15
28
30
1
150
Kentucky
. . BowKnz Green
Louisiana
.... Harvey
Violet
1
2
81
Maivr
Bath
3
4
8
2,599
836
31,952
1,600
5
13,045
Sparrows Point
Boston
Quincy
Detroit
Ferrysburg
Massachusetts
1
3
204
1,870
7
12
36.776
35,618
IbCRIOAN
3
2
2
6
948
940
400
Camden
Eliza bethport
3
2
2
1
1
19, .539
762
26
269
50
5,726
New Yobk
Buffalo
2
250
city Island . ..
1
15
Newburgh
3
1,624
Port Richmond
Ashtabula
Cleveland
Elm wood
5
4
7
1,844
7,910
6,540
1
2,320
6
792
5
37,512
Toledo
6
11,743
Pennsylvania .
Ambridge
39
14,624
Chester
2
1
8
1
11,2' K)
186
36,330
500
Philadelplua
1
560
Pittsburgh
Bristol . .
1
128
Texas
. . Beaumont
2
1
54
190
Galveston
8
5
2
6
2
62,778
19,695
75.5
2,320
9,259
Seattle
G reen Bay
Manitowoc
Superior
1
412
1
SHIPBUILDING.
23
The greatest tonnage, 74,939, was launched in San
Francisco, Calif., and the second greatest tonnage in
Newport News, Va. While San Francisco holds first
place in aggregate tonnage, the vessels launched in
Ne^vpo^t News were of larger average tonnage, the
figures being 7,494 and 7,847, respectively. For
these two places was reported 28.3 per cent of the
total steel tonnage launched in the United States in
1916.
Table 21 shows, by coast divisions and inland waters,
steel vessels launched during 1916, classified according
to screw and stern wheel.
Table 21
STEEL POWER VESSELS LAUNCHED: 1W6.
Total.
Screw.
Stem wheel.
DIVISION.
Steam.
Motor.
Steam.
Motor.
Steam.
Motor.
.
Num-
ber.
Toimage.
Num-
ber.
Toimage.
Num-
ber.
Toimage.
Num-
ber.
Tonnage.
Num-
ber.
Tonnage.
Num-
ber.
Toimage.
United States ...
126
424,791
25
18,200
117
422 99Q
24
18,172
9
1,792
1
28
North Atlantic
38
21
2
17
41
7
122,921
95,824
1,636
100,707
101,999
1,704
10
6
4
3
3,366
13,105
274
1,412
38
21
1
17
40
122,921
95,824
1,566
100,707
101,981
10
6
4
3
3,366
13,105
274
1,412
South Atlantic ... .
Gulf
1
70
Pacific
Great Lakes
1
"7
18
1,704
Mississippi River and its tributaries.
2
43
1
is
1
28
Other inland waters
' Includes 1 steam vessel propelled by side wheel and 3 catamarans propelled by center wheel.
Of tlie 126 steam and 25 motor equipped vessels,
117 steam and 24 motor were screw propelled; 5
steam and 1 motor were propelled by stem wheel and
1 steam was propelled by side wheel, while 3 steam
were center wheel catamarans built in JeffersonviUe,
Ind., for use on the Mississippi River.
Table 22 shows by coast divisions and inland waters
the gross toimage of vessels launched during 1914 and
1916, according to the service in which vessels are to
be used. In this and the following tables data does
not include the products of Government shipyards.
The bulk of the shipbuilding in the United States
has heretofore been the tonnage built for the domestic
and coastwise trade, which combined, represented
70.7 per cent of the entire toimage launched in 1914,
and 65.9 per cent in 1916. Notwithstanding an in-
crease of 574.1 per cent over 1914, the tonnage of
vessels constructed primarily for the foreign trade
represents but a small proportion of the entire output
of the shipyards, or 29.2 per cent in 1916. The domes-
tic water transportation of the United States is con-
fined to vessels constructed and owned in the United
States. Shipbuilding for this trade amounted to 43.8
per cent of the total construction in 1916.
The Commissioner of Navigation, in his annual
report for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1916, says:
"Of the steel tonnage under construction in the
United States, American builders, according to their
returns to the Bureau of Navigation, before June 30,
1917, will launch 326 ships of 998,035 gross tons.
In that event the product of American yards will
exceed that of all foreign yards outside of the United
Kingdom combined, and will probably exceed the
output of the British yards." *
In 1914 the North Atlantic division built 41.1 per
cent of the total tonnage constructed in American
shipyards, but in 1916 only 38.2 per cent. The Pacific
division, which ranked fifth in total tonnage launched
in 1914, held second place in 1916. The largest
amount of tonnage constructed for the foreign trade
in 1916 was built in the shipyards located in the Pacific
division, 43.8 per cent of the total. In 1914 the South
Atlantic division led all others in this respect. In
1916 the largest amount of domestic tonnage was
built in the North Atlantic division, the amount buUt
in the Great Lakes division closely following, and these
two divisions, combined, built 73.6 per cent of the total
output of domestic tonnage. Over one-half of the
coastwise tonnage was also constructed in the North
Atlantic division in 1916.
' Report of Commissioner of Navigation, 1016, p. 19.
24
MANUFACTURES.
Table 22
Census
year.
GKOSS TONNAGE OF VESSELS LAUNCHED.
CHAKACTEK OF SEBYICB.
United
States.
Coast divisions.
Inland waters.
North
Atlantic.
South
Atlantic.
Gulf.
Panific.
Great
Lakes.
Mississippi
River and
its tribu-
taries.
Other
inland
waters.
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
1916
1914
734,108
425,060
280,249
174,632
128,614
69,286
18,507
23,733
134,086
41,112
121,134
43,251
50,593
71,612
925
1,434
214,582
31,832
161,894
48,952
321,722
251,606
3,858
2,747
16,267
71,655
6,527
3,769
9,258
14,499
38,581
13, 149
88,194
1,456
131,977
92,067
1,481
65,092
18,448
46,282
26,035
15,864
20,619
1,845
100
8,647
643
7,767
22,587
114
279
15
93,939
135
18,771
20,818
13,398
11,287
2,062
2,417
2,662
2,982
77
115
3,177
3,358
14,525
Domestic
104,937
42,932
201
51
50
46,869
60,718
910
1,396
G0Vf>mTT*PT't, ....
9,965
63,540
4,170
2,722
5,881
1,098
133
3,113
503
641
140
430
3,442
2,020
282
6
59
1,421
268
15
17
Another
60
124
8,868
21
485,800
242,959
130,909
108,042
108,929
60,114
1,990
1,931
102,119
23,973
118,600
39,929
17,313
8,970
209,323
31,412
131,959
45,367
12.5,799
86,558
37,a59
12,904
80,995
844
7,150
28,521
65,692
18,448
43,144
24, 150
33
14,602
91,247
14,525
7,820
20,373
Domestic
1,990
1,894
102,755
39,929
13,871
659
893
• '
Govemnient
15,521
71,121
2,403
1,109
855
7,392
248,248
182, 101
9,357
63,540
1,083
1,109
465
1,064
143,340
60,590
60
2,854
2,662
2,707
3,442
2,020
1,320
All other
390
37
16,517
21,802
0,291
33,280
62,642
19,685
9,172
31,967
17,139
2,534
3,322
925
1,434
5,259
420
29,935
3,585
195,923
105,048
3,858
2,747
746
534
4,124
2,660
8,403
7,107
722
185
7,199
012
124,827
03,540
1,481
1,845
100
8,647
643
5,777
20,693
114
279
15
2,692
135
10,951
445
13,398
10,394
2,062
2,417
i
3,138
1,885
15,831
5,957
2,182
3,003
201
51
50
32,998
60,059
910
Fishing
1,396
608
73
259
503
641
140
430
275
77
115
2,787
3,358
Pleasure
3,087
1,613
5,416
634
59
101
268
282
6
15
17
60
87
2,577
21
SHIPBUILDING.
25
Table 23 shows, by classes, the number and gross
tonnage of vessels launched during 1916 grouped ac-
cording to tonnage.
The group "Less than 100 gross tons," contains 44.3
per cent of the total number of vessels launched and
only 2.4 per cent of the tonnage, while the group
"3,000 gross tons and over" (3,000 tons being virtually
the minimum tonnage for overseas trade) shows only
5.4 per cent of the number but 54.2 per cent of the
tonnage launched in 1916. In the first group men-
tioned, but 18 of the vessels were constructed of steel,
while in the group having the tonnage of 3,000 and over,
all were of metal construction, no wooden vessels of
this size being built during 1916.
Table 23
VES,SELS LAUNCHED— ORODPED ACCOEDINQ TO TONNAGl!: 1916.
CLA83.
Total.
Less than 100
gross tons.
100 but less than
500 gross tons.
500 but less than
1,000 gross tons.
1,000 but loss than
3,000 gross tons.
3,000gros3 tons and
over.
Number.
Tons.
Num-
ber.
Tons.
Num-
ber.
Tons.
Num-
ber.
Tons.
Num-
ber.
Tons.
Num-
ber.
Tons.
All vessels....
1,377
230
1,147
734,108
485,860
248,248
610
18
592
17,878
890
16,988
503
95
408
144,561
29,493
115,068
141
21
120
97,797
15,099
82,698
49
22
27
75,920
42,426
33,494
74
74
397,952
397,952
Steel
Wooden
589
151
438
124
8
116
664
71
593
472,220
442,991
29,229
46,081
14,191
31,890
215,807
28,678
187, 129
407
17
390
77
9,943
810
9,133
1,869
69
36
33
13
1
12
427
58
16,337
10,277
6,060
2,332
128
2,204
119,747
19.088
18
10
8
17
13,127
6,689
6,438
11,921
21
14
7
17
7
10
11
1
10
34,861
27,263
7,598
29,959
14,063
15,896
11,100
1,100
10,000
74
74
397,952
397,952
Steel
Wooden
SaU
Steel
Wooden
77
126
1
125
1,869
6,066
80
5,986
17
100
11
95
11,921
68,894
8,410
64,339
Unrigged
....
Steel
Wooden
363 106.804
'
1
Table 24 gives, by states, the total number and gross
tonnage of all vessels of 5 tons and over launched in
1916, 1914, and 1909 by establishments in the ship-
building industry, exclusive of Government shipyards.
Table 24
United States.
California
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Illinois
Kentuclcy
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts..
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
New Jersey
New Yorli
Nortli Carolina.
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania...
Texas
Virginia
Wasliington
Wisconsin
All other states.
VESSEU LACNCHED.
1916
Num-
ber.
1,377
118
18
44
45
4
65
40
45
7
17
75
337
8
54
36
128
12
Tonnage
(gross).
734,108
89,108
3,365
25,472
6,614
2,058
16,163
11,974
15,486
57,767
42,484
38,340
1,446
2,358
33,752
111,709
2,268
74,320
11,652
71,836
2,265
a?, 943
33,326
13,436
2,966
1914
Num-
ber.
11,113
19
10
22
4
51
73
43
58
45
21
4
13
65
220
11
35
41
66
29
24
102
29
SO
Toimage
(gross).
425,060
31,500
1,995
6,624
1,141
85
40,000
17,501
3,072
36,961
32,056
12,405
1,195
1,420
57,866
49,911
7.30
36,824
2,495
30,533
4,293
31,538
7,117
3,048
14,750
1909
Num-
ber.
« 1,584
45
16
35
9
90
69
44
62
82
S3
6
31
90
309
17
88
34
205
19
38
137
29
27
Tonnage
(gross).
467,219
8,563
5,447
10,871
3,215
991
41,240
7,012
12,654
34,160
17,703
41,847
231
8,086
63,261
60,152
858
81,803
4,718
12,775
1,680
44,388
5,256
6,453
3,855
I Exclusive of 94 vessels, with an aggregate gross tonnage of 13,654, launched
by establisliments in other industries.
» Exclusive of 22 vessels, with an aggregate gross tonnage of 12,535, launched
by establisliments in oth er industries.
Of the total number of vessels of 5 tons and over
launched in 1916, New York built 24.5 per cent, and
Pennsylvania buUt the next largest number. New
York also buUt the greatest tonnage in 1916, with
California, Ohio, and Pennsylvania following in the
order named. This order was somewhat different in
1914 when New Jersey ranked first, followed by New
York, Kentucky, and Maryland, and in 1909 when
Ohio ranked first, followed ]>y New York, New Jersey,
and Virginia in the order named.
Table 25 shows for the United States and for 15
states separately, for 1916, 1914, and 1909, the num-
ber, and the gross and net tonnage of steam vessels of
5 tons and over launched in private shipyards.
In 1916, of the states for which totals are presented,
California, Virginia, Ohio, and Pennsylvaaia led in
the order named, and combined represented 246,679
gross tons, or 55.8 per cent of the total for steam
vessels, of 5 tons and over, launched in private yards.
Virginia, the second state in total tonnage launched,
led in respect to average gross tonnage per vessel with
an average for the 8 steamships launched in 1916 of
7,847 per vessel. In 1914 the leading states in respect
to tonnage of steam vessels were New Jersey, Vir-
ginia, Massachusetts, and Maryland, in the order
named, and in 1909, Ohio, Michigan, Virginia, and
New Jersey.
26
MANUFACTURES.
Table 26
United States
California
Delaware
Indiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
New Jersey
New York
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Virginia
Washington
Wisconsin
All other states
STEAM VESSELS LAUNCHED.
1916
Num-
ber.
Tonnage.
Gross.
442,354
82,766
13,965
1,645
3,417
32,861
37,732
35,945
20,331
3,281
52,046
4,719
49,089
62,778
23,919
12,415
5,445
Net.
297,724
46,622
9,642
1,641
2,957
20,513
27,169
23,303
12,021
2,595
41,134
3,209
31,407
47,703
16,258
7,917
3,613
1914
Num-
ber.
139
10
Tonnage.
Gross.
234,636
26,420
6,266
3,800
1,400
27,368
29,940
11,512
41, 182
3.056
26,205
251
23,547
30, 176
2,219
362
932
Net.
175,094
17,490
3,796
2,550
1,317
16,794
19,200
7,273
36,137
1,900
19,778
171
23,374
22,896
1,453
251
714
Num-
ber.
181
1909
Tonnage.
Gross.
234,633
4,993
8,296
1,386
3,888
17,733
12,381
41,231
27,395
7,528
57,764
1,522
2,841
40,730
800
4,694
1,451
Net.
168,959
3,264
5,432
619
2,983
10,007
8,232
31,073
26,322
5,185
44,171
1,154
2,680
23,065
574
3,121
1,077
Table 26 shows, by states, the number and the gross
and net tonnage of motor vessels, including sail ves-
sels with auxiliary power, of 5 tons and over, launched
in private shipyards in 1916, 1914, and 1909.
Table 26
United States.
Motor.
Sail, with auxiliary power.
Census
year.
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
Coimectlcut 1916
1914
1909
California .
Florida..
Louisiana.
Maine.
Maryland .
Massachusetts.
Michigan.
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
MOTOR VESSELS LATTNCHED,
INCLUDING SAILINQ VES-
SELS WITH AUXnjABY
POWEE.
Num-
ber.
465
428
' 513
403
370
445
62
58
68
Tonnage.
Gross.
60,491
13,620
12,041
29,866
10,821
9,389
30,626
2,799
2,652
3,511
2,815
534
1,174
180
553
194
247
337
3,017
1,593
68
1,812
541
431
14,997
194
593
3,278
899
3,271
107
361
408
Net.
45,251
9,974
9,204
19, 198
7,789
7,224
26,053
2,185
1,980
2,003
1,971
395
1,132
127
492
149
177
232
2,767
1,301
52
1,469
339
288
10,003
114
518
1,092
550
2,604
252
330
New Jersey.,
New York..
North Carolina.
Ohio.
Oregon
Pennsylvania.
Texas
Virginia
Washington...
Wisconsin.
All other states.
Census
year.
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
MOTOR VESSELS LAtmcHED,
INCLUDING SAILING VES-
SELS WITH AUXILIARY
POWER.
Num-
ber.
45
22
31
72
60
91
2
8
13
12
6
16
14
7
21
5
8
1
Tonnage.
Gross.
1,022
1,419
1,735
958
1,949
81
175
158
11,974
129
432
6,205
317
368
116
66
5
1,925
198
40
I8:i
US
lis
7,584
2,699
1,526
221
413
259
1,355
298
522
Net.
800
1,2.56
347
1,379
653
1,486
61
121
138
9,424
89
336
5,875
234
281
111
52
5
1,566
124
27
180
72
70
5,910
2,032
1,075
ISJ
331
204
l,ai8
179
324
> Exclusive of 2 vessels, with an aggregate gross tonnage of 24, launched by establishments in other industries.
SHIPBUILDING.
27
Motor vessels, which now form such a large and
distinct class, were reported separately for the first
time in 1904. At that time they numbered 311, and
averaged slightly over 10 gross tons in size. In 1909
their average capacity was 21 tons; in 1914 over 29
tons; and in 1916 nearly 75 tons. The change from
1904 to 1916 in the size of motor craft is due to the
building of internal-combustion engines in larger
units, of improved reliability and compactness, mak-
ing them practical for use in larger vessels. California
reported the largest number of vessels of this class
launched in 1916. In 1914 California and Washington
each reported the largest number, and in 1909 Wash-
ington reported the largest number.
Sail vessels with auxiliary power, launched in 1916,
included in the preceding table along with motor
vessels were distributed as follows:
Total
Ohio
Oregon
Washington
Louisiana..
Maine
Texas
Maryland
Massachusetts..
New York
California
AH other states.
Num-
ber.
Gross
tons.
Net tons.
62
30,625
26,053
6
11,743
9,205
5
6,087
5,787
2
3,788
3,040
5
2,830
2,610
15
1,720
1,381
1
1,660
1,390
2
1,360
1,360
8
'755
686
4
166
162
2
110
no
12
406
322
In the construction of sail vessels with auxiliary
power Ohio led in tonnage, but Maine launched the
greater niunber. The tonnage launched in Ohio rep-
resented 38.3 per cent of thp total gross tonnage
launched in the United States in 1916. The vessels
were built at Toledo, Ohio, 6 in number, and were of
steel; 2 had a gross tonnage of 1,930 each; 1 of
1,955; and 3 of 1,976 tons each, and were designed
for the coastwise trade. The largest wooden vessel
of this class, one of 2,492 gross tons, intended for the
foreign trade, was built and launched at Aberdeen,
Wash. Another vessel of this class of 1,660 gross
tonnage was launched in Orange, Tex. There is a
wide variation in the tonnage of vessels of this class
due to the diversified character and class of service.
Some are for pleasure, while others are for fishing and
freighting.
Table 27 gives for the United States and 10 states
separately, the number and the gross and net tonnage
of sail vessels without auxiliary power, of 5 tons and
over, launched in private shipyards in 1916, 1914,
and 1909.
Table 27
United States.
Florida-
Maine.
Maryland ,
Massachusetts.
Mississippi..
New Jersey.
New York..
Ohio.
Oregon
Washington.
All other states..
Census
year.
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914 I
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
SAIL VESSELS WITHOUT AUXIL-
IARY POWEE LAUNCHED.
Num-
ber.
Tonnage.
Gross.
15,456
2,224
14.807
Net.
14,048
1.874
12. 710
194
69
4,772
687
8,335
75
64
1,150
1,474
667
1,343
751
2,910
1,488
40
130
26
38
19
2,320
168
112
3,174
422
338
8
157
39
4,118
596
6.861
75
45
1.149
1.365
487
1,100
751
2,770
1,377
23
18
32
16
2,070
"405
112
1,200
2,898
422
284
From 1909 to 1914 there was a large decrease in the
tonnage launched of sail vessels without auxiliary
power, from 14,807 gross tons to 2,224 gross tons or
85 per cent, while from 1914 to 1916 the tonnage of this
class of vessels increased 13,232 gross tons, or nearly
600 per cent.
Maine led in amount of gross tonnage launched in
1916 as well as in 1914 and 1909; Ohio and New
Jersey ranked second and third, respectively, in 1916.
The combined tonnage launched in these three states
represented 55.5 per cent of the total tonnage of this
class of vessels launched in the United States during
1916.
The largest sailing vessel without auxiliary power
launched in 1916 was one of 2,320 gross tons built in
Cleveland, Ohio. It was of steel construction and was
designed for the coastwise trade. The largest wooden
vessel of this class was one of 1,891 gross tons, built in
Bath, Me., for the coastwise and foreign trade.
28
MANUFACTURES.
Table 28 gives for the United States and for 12 states
separately the number and gross and net tonnage of
unrigged vessels launched by private shipyards in
1916, 1914, 1909, and 1904.
Table 28
United States.
California.
Kentucky.
Louisiana.'
Census
year.
1916
1914
1909
1904
1916
1914
1909
1904
Maryland.
Mississippi.
New Jersey.
New Yorlc..
Ohio.
Oregon.,
Pennsylvania.
Virginia.
Washington.
All other states. .
UNBIOOED VESSELS LAUNCHED.
Num-
ber.
1916
1 59
1914
47
1909
(')
1904
17
1916
19
1914
68
1909
58
1904
73
1916
32
1914
39
1909
33
1904
49
1916
4
1914
9
1909
20
1904
13
1916
20
1914
35
1909
45
1904
35
1916
246
1914
136
1909
186
1904
211
1916
24
1914
23
1909
55
1904
41
1916
3
1914
15
1909
(')
1904
(<)
1916
103
1914
30
1909
195
1904
472
1916
16
1914
6
1909
23
1904
12
1916
14
1914
24
1909
44
1904
34
1916
98
1914
76
1909
151
1904
145
Tonnage.
Gross.
215, 807
174, 580
205,738
261, 153
2,831
2,255
3,016
5,777
15,880
39,968
(<}
4,898
6,422
15,848
6,830
11,480
9,834
9,335
14,684
20,133
9,834
9,305
9,864
19,104
1,500
1,200
5,081
1,955
1,500
1,200
5,016
1,570
10,911
15,225
25,267
19,605
106,667
45,859
50,658
84,311
7,980
10,490
23,094
3,434
560
1,815
22,616
6,920
9,929
66,002
982
1,244
3,531
2,280
623
2,199
2,930
4,437
29,001
22,222
60,720
36,841
Net.
197,018
156,397
190,325
250,571
2,811
1,910
2,971
5,562
15,843
24,983
(')
4,898
6,237
15, 748
6,816
10,055
10, 911
14,956
24,488
19,481
105,186
45,106
44,903
80,694
7,626
9,490
20,304
3,245
560
1,665
(')
(')
7,463
6,920
9,763
65,650
950
1,244
3,478
2,215
503
2,199
2,930
3,816
27,594
21, 671
59, 792
34,281
> Exclusive of 82 vessels, with an aggregate gross tonnage of 9,872, launched by
establishments in other industries.
> Exclusive of 17 vessels, with an aggregate gross tonnage of 12,082, launched by
establishments in other industries.
• Exclusive of 124 vessels, with an aggregate gross tonnage of 21,770, launched by
establishments in other industries.
< Included in "All other states."
Floating dry docks, floating coal docks, and scows
constructed for a single trip are not included in
Table 28. There are, however, a considerable num-
ber of sand and mud scows, coal boats and lighters,
dredges, and pile drivers included in the statistics.
In 1916 there were 664 unrigged craft built with a
total tonnage of 215,807, as compared with 506,
with a total tonnage of 174,580 built in 1914; 839,
with a total tonnage of 205,738, in 1909; and 1,150,
with a total tonnage of 261,153, in 1904. The prin-
cipal state in the construction of unrigged craft in
1916 as in 1914 was New York, where there were
built, in 1916, 246 barges, lighters, canal boats, and
scows, with a total gross tonnage of 106,667. A large
number of these were for use in New York Harbor
and in the river trade; 3 were steel barges of 1,624
gross tons to be used for carrying oil in bulk. Pennsyl-
vania ranked second in 1916 in both number and gross
tonnage. The establishments located in that state
built 86 barges for the river trade, with a total gross
tonnage of 14,656, of which 23, with a tonnage of
7,224, were constructed of steel; there were also
built 4 steel car floats for use in New York Harbor and
2 steel car floats, one to be used in the river trade
and the other intended for the coastwise trade. There
were also constructed 11 steel barges, floats, etc., for
the United States Government, to be used in the
rivers and in the Gulf of Mexico. In Kentucky 59
barges, with a gross tonnage of 15,880, were built for
use in the river trade, while in Ohio 18 barges were
constructed with 7,188 gross tonnage for the same
use, and 4 steel flats and two steel barges for the
Federal Government for use on the Ohio Kiver.
Among the states shown, California, Kentucky,
New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Virginia show
increases in the number of boats built, and California,
Maryland, Mississippi, New York, and Pennsylvania,
increases in tonnage from 1914 to 1916.
Table 29 shows, for the United States and for 18
states separately, for 1916 and 1914, the number of
power boats built of less than 5 tons.
Table 29
STATE.
NtJMBEB OF
POWER BOATS
BUILT (less
than 5 tons).
STATE.
NtTMBER OF
POWER BOATS
BUILT (less
than 5 tons).
1918
1914
1916
1914
United States
3,606
3,706
68
187
337
308
28
13
21
52
109
324
103
477
377
California
66
100
157
104
20
198
51
1,291
172
158
49
163
386
27
223
75
273
235
New York
Cormecticut
Ohio
567
Florida
28
Illinois
16
Virginia.
Maine
171
115
Massachusetts.
All other states .
230
SHIPBUILDING.
29
Massachusetts was by far the leading state in 1916
in the manufacture of small power boats. The
number of such boats built in that state increased
from 273 in 1914 to 1,291 m 1916. New York was
second in the number of power boats built in 1916.
In 1914 Ohio reported the largest number of these
boats and New Jersey the next largest number.
Value of work done during census year. — The con-
struction of a vessel frequently takes more than a
year; therefore, many vessels launched during the
census year were started in previous years, and some
upon wliich work was started during the census year
were not finished during that year. For this reason
the census office did not require the shipbuilders to
report the value of the vessels launched, but only the
value of the work done during the census year and
the amount received for repair work. For the
smaller vessels, those of less than 5 gross tons, the
value of work done during the year corresponds very
closely with the value of the craft as launched.
Table 30 shows the value of the construction work
done, the amount received for repair work, and the
value of all other work done by shipbuilding estab-
lishments, both private and Government, m 1916,
1914, and 1909, and by private establishments in
other industries for 1914 and 1909.
Table 30
KIND OF WORK.
Total.
W ork on new vessels and
boats, all kinds.
Vessel of S gross tons
and over.
Boats of less than 5
gross tons.
Repair work.
AU other work done .
Cen-
sus
year.
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
VALUE OF WORK DONE DCRINQ THE YEAR BY-
AIl estab-
lishments.
$224,526,683
119,423,028
100,009,054
114,434,137
52,401,805
45,036,492
110,343,073
48,105,561
40,145,084
4,091,064
4,296,244
4,891,408
71,225,368
36,966,676
38,304,658
38,867,178
30,054,547
16,667,904
Private es
tablishments
in the ship-
building
industry.
1185,852,192
88,682,071
73,360,315
105,270,935
46,334,134
42,310,925
101,531,210
42,545,445
37,718,018
3,739,725
3,788,689
4,592,907
63,508,514
32,835,212
26,678,643
•17,072,743
•9,512,725
4,370,747
Private
establish-
ments in
other in-
dustries.'
1,279,630
594,241
947,805
449,089
331,825
145,155
185,777
80,461
58,285
102,001
Govern-
ment ship-
yards.
9, 163, 202
4,788,041
2,131,323
8,811,863
4,612,311
1,977,977
361,339
175,730
153,346
7,716,854
3,945,687
11,545,554
•21,794,435
20,483,537
12, 195, 156
> Not reported in 1916.
• Includes work on engines to the value of (3,335,055.
" Includes work on engines to the value of $169,141.
* Includes work on engines to the value of $4,498,703.
The value of all work done during the year on new
vessels and boats in all shipyards increased from
$52,401,805 in 1914, to $114,434,137 in 1916, or 118.4
per cent. These figures indicate the impetus given
the shipbuilding industry by the world war. The
value of work done on new vessels of 5 gross tons and
over in private establishments amounted to $37,718,018
in 1909, to $42,545,445 in 1914, and to $101,531,210 in
1916, showing an increase from 1914 to 1916 of 138.6
per cent. Repair work on vessels and boats increased
from $26,678,643 in 1909, to $32,835,212 in 1914, and
to $63,508,514 in 1916. All other work done, which
includes work on engines, and the making of masts,
oars, spars, etc., increased from $4,370,747 in 1909, to
$17,072,743 in 1916. The value of work done on new
vessels and boats in Government shipyards alone in-
creased 91.4 per cent between 1914 and 1916.
Table 31 shows the total value of the work done in
the privately operated shipbuilding establishments in
1916, 1914, 1909, and 1904, the total being sub-
divided so as to show the value of work on new ves-
sels; the amount received for repair work, and the
value of all other work done during the year. In this
table Government shipyards and establishments in
other industries doing incidental work on ships and
boats are not included.
Table 31
KIND OF WORK.
Total.
$185,852,192
Work done during the year on new
vessels and boats
Vessels of 5 gross tons and over. ,
Steel construction
Wooden construction
Boats of less than 5 gross tons. .
Steam
Motor (gasoline, electric,
other)
Sailboats, rowboats, canoes,
scows, etc ,
Repair work.
Steel
Wooden. .
.Ml other work done 17,072,743
VALUE OF WORK DONE DtTRINO THE TEAK BY
PRIVATE ESTABLISHMENTS IN THE SHIP-
BUILDINQ INDUSTRY.
1916
$88,682,071
105,270,935
101,531,210
86,418,000
16,113,204
3,739,725
6,544
1,988,862
1,744,319
©,508,514
44,821,223
18,687,291
1914
$73,360,315 $82,769,239
46,334,134
42,545,445
36, 2%, 458
6,249,987
3,788,689
30,522
2,001,284
1,756,883
32,835,212
20,537,928
12,297,284
9,512,725
1909
1901
,42,310,925 56,121,227
37,718,018! 53,119,935-
30,038,672 43,395,704
9,724,231
3,001,292
7,679,346
4,592,907
20,800
3,155,375 1,879,288
1,416,732J 1,122,004
26,678,643 22,829,040
15,862,659: 12,191,854
10,815,984 10,637,186
4,370,747 3,818,972
Of the $101,531,210 representing the work done on
new vessels of 5 gross tons and over, $85,418,006, or
84.1 per cent, was the value of work on new steel ves-
sels, and this shows an increase of 135.3 per cent
over the value of work performed on new steel vessels
in 1914. The table shows a steady decrease from 1904
to 1914 in the value of work on new wooden vessels,
but from 1914 to 1916 the value of this work increased
from $6,249,987 to $16,113,204, or 157.8 percent. The
value of repair work on steel vessels formed 70.6 per
cent of the entire value reported for repair work.
There was a large increase from 1914 to 1916 in the
value of repair work on both classes of vessels, that on
steel vessels increasing from $20,537,928 to $44,821,223,
or 118.2 per cent, while the value of repair work on
wooden vessels increased from $12,297,284 to
$18,687,291, or 52 per cent.
Table 32 shows, by states, the value of repair work
done in the private establishments in the shipbuilding
industry for 1916, 1914, 1909, and 1904.
30
MANUFACTURES.
Table 32
STATE.
VALtTE OP BEPAni WORK BEPORTED BY PRIVATE ES-
TABU3HMENIS IN THE SmPSmLDINQ INDUSTEY.
1916
1914
1909
1904
United States
$63,508,514
$32,836,212
$26,678,643
$22,829,040
California
3,594,445
927,579
110,151
913,678
434,494
60,074
12,277
126,246
1,406,794
380,474
3,040,777
3,104,207
1,455,258
92,156
136,278
8,313,981
23,884,480
92,508
2,125,580
152,017
4,249,199
1,197,501
3,397,591
1,600,617
209,864
906,834
1,519,454
3,348,852
342,972
177,318
616,011
407,979
83,600
11,071
127,773
433,555
434,191
1,374,616
1,009,137
1,081,200
121,838
40,862
4,200,315
10,081,332
62,600
2,058,521
98,201
1,512,126
927,833
1,507,320
1,447,385
124,933
745,890
441,870
2,529,188
319,591
348,539
536,584
411,230
70,603
42,474
85,902
364,738
346,635
985,112
874,433
1,126,644
136,053
50,484
3,123,032
6,931,117
36,669
1,324,166
100,788
2,631,354
647,064
1,324,045
880,618
136,156
1,172,543
243,011
2,180,542
356,032
454,780
Florida .
116,360
Illinois
439,609
Indiana
(')
31,075
(')
Louisiana
(')
Maine
297,855
1,010,022
854,036
688,482
Minnesota
55,900
Mississippi
125,951
2,254,794
6,726,959
63,300
Ohio
1,229,123
Oregon
184,276
Pennsylvania
1,762,243
Rhode Island
660,303
Vireinia
1,157,696
Washington
712,851
West Virginia
86, 595
Wisconsin -
All other states
571,746
808,111
' Included in "All other states."
New York was the leading state in the value of
repair work in 1916, as it was in 1914, 1909, and 1904,
the amount of work done in this state in 1916 being
nearly one-third of the total for the United States.
New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and California ranked
next in the order named. Other states doing work
in excess of a million dollars were Louisiana, Maryland,
Massachusetts, Michigan, Ohio, Rhode Island, Vir-
ginia, and Washington. The states shown in the
table not reporting an increase in repair work were
Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Maine, and
Minnesota. The value of repair work formed 34.2
per cent of the total value of products of all work
done by the shipbuilding industry in 1916, 37 per cent
in 1914, 36.4 per cent in 1909, and 27.6 per cent in
1904.
Dry docks and marine railways. — When the repair
work of shipyards is considered, the question of the
equipment of the various plants naturally arises.
Table 33 shows the number and kind of dry docks in
private and Government shipyards, classified accord-
ing to dimensions, for 1914, 1909, and 1904. Figures
for 1916 were not obtained.
In 1914 there were 250 dry docks in the shipyards
of the United States. This is an increase of 34 over
1909, and 90 over 1904. Of the 250 dry docks re-
ported in 1914, 152 were^over a hundred feet long in
floor measurement, while 67 of these measured over
300 feet; 104 of the docks measured over 50 feet in
width at entrance, among these 47 measured over
75 feet in width, 45 docks had a depth of siU of
over 20 feet, sufficient depth to accommodate the
largest vessels.
Table 33
DBT DOCKS.
1914
1909
1904
Total number
250
216
160
Stationary:
62
21
167
67
27
58
98
47
57
109
37
45
108
97
57
23
136
53
20
70
73
37
54
89
36
30
98
88
86
Masonry, concrete, or steel ... .
Floating- .
With floor length of—
Over 300 feet . .
53
201 to 300 feet
18
101 to 200 feet
75
14
With entrance width of—
Over 75 feet
22
53
26 to 50 feet
62
23
With sUl depth of—
Over 20 feet
25
101
34
Table 34 shows statistics relative to the number,
dimensions, and lifting capacity of marine railways in
operation in 1914, 1909, and 1904.
Table 34
*
MARINE EAILWAYS.
1914
1909
1904
Total number
678
1696
413
129,994
32
123
186
338
12
133
633
46
96
411
126
25
34
180
439
147,031
38
110
178
370
5
126
•565
47
86
410
153
22
56
172
446
147,047
With cradle length or—
Over 200 feet
44
101 to 200 feet
133
107
129
With cradle breadth of—
Over 50 feet
16
25to,50feet ^
140
267
With maximum cradle draft submerged of—
Over 15 feet
51
lltol5feet
99
6 to 10 feet
221
42
With lifting capacity of-
Over 1 000 tons
34
501 to 1,000 tons
54
141
184
' Figures do not agree with those published because it was necessary to make
certain revisions in order to make them comparable with those tor 1914.
Of the 678 marine railways reported in the United
States for 1914, 155 had a cradle length of more than
100 feet, 145 had a cradle breadth exceeding 25 feet.
Fifty-nine of the railways had a hfting capacity of
500 tons.
SHIPBUILDING.
81
DETAIL STATE TABLES.
The priucipal data secured by the census inquiry
concerning the shipbuilding industry, other than those
regarding vessels launched, value of different kinds
of work done, and equipment, are presented, by
states, in Tables 35, 36, and 37.
Table 35 shows, for 1916, 1914, and 1909, the num-
ber of establishments, average number of wage earners,
primary horsepower, capital, wages, cost of materials,
and value of products, by states, for the shipbuilding
industry.
Tables 36 and 37 give similar statistics in somewhat
greater detail for 1916 and 1914, respectively.
Table 3.5 COMPARATIVE SUMMARY, BY STATES, FOR 1916, 1914, AND 1909.
United states..
California
Connecticut
Georgia
Indiana
Kentuclty
Maryland
m#*hignn
Mlimesota
Cen-
sus
year.
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
'1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
Num-
ber of
estab-
lish-
ments.
1,137
1,147
1,353
Wage
earn-
ers
(aver-
age
num-
ber).
72,497
44,489
40,506
7,113
3,457
1,844
1,312
514
427
216
14
184
225
253
168
90
157
5,328
2,468
1,793
2,225
1,261
2,344
115
125
Pri-
mary
iiorse-
power.'
Capital.
115,333
88,063
4,697
3,129
1,303
1,454
26
549
785
164
524
5,979
6,795
7,665
6,485
352
419
Wages.
Cost
of ma-
terials.
Value
of prod-
ucts.
Expressed in thousands.
1243, 218
156,060
126,118
11,619
8,147
22,689
2,370
1,468
942
11
495
611
484
114
311
271
13,806
4,942
4,413
7,673
6,690
6,972
281
223
380
$60, 576 $89, 269
32,931 38,597
25,268 31,214
7,199
3,196
1,592
1,241
458
254
153
8
108
134
106
112
52
97
3,773
1,573
1,098
1,857
1,040
1,380
139
10,245
3,487
1,237
1,237
342
315
218
4
291
267
243
140
135
155
5,845
2,102
1,849
3,120
1,259
2,490
119
157
158
$185,852
88,682
73,360
19, 778
8,104
4,132
6,217
1,665
742
454
16
463
506
375
279
222
271
12,206
4,521
3,535
5,637
2,823
5,034
317
377
New Hampshire..
New Jersey..
New York. .
Ohio.
Pennsylvania.
Texas.
Waslilngton.
Wisconsin.
All other states.
Cen-
sus
year.
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
)909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
1916
1914
1909
Num-
ber of
estab-
lish-
ments.
6
7
8
76
85
97
200
207
255
32
29
39
30
33
31
14
14
6
57
64
60
30
34
52
444
427
524
Wage
earn-
ers
(aver-
age
num-
ber).
7,777
6,324
4,869
9,928
6,076
5,644
5,059
2,879
3,200
6,440
4,773
3,558
250
168
36
3,744
1,444
744
1,250
695
906
21,373
13,962
14,513
Pri-
mary
horse-
power.'
Capital.
11,944
9,904
17,Wi4
13,835
9,661
8,125
9,694
7,771
316
21
5,866
2,105
3,875
3,506
35,628
23,164
Wages.
Cost
of ma-
terials.
Value
of prod-
ucts.
Expressed in thousands.
22
19
11
37,333
36,028
19,176
32,010
17,999
14,084
21,935
12,870
13,625
61,660
18,285
15,203
356
104
14,804
4,600
2,039
4,835
4,109
3,025
12,644
38, 741
36,615
9
10
4
13
12
5
6,576
4,6.57
3,300
9,904
5,636
4,249
9,887
4,971
3,780
11,530
5,173
3,925
3,908
1,939
1,705
6,077
1,909
2,462
5,408
3,411
2,120
9,252
4,797
2,710
160
123
30
210
279
34
3,455
1,152
643
6,506
987
562
822
421
540
1,612
451
819
15,820
9,697
8,480
22,950
11,600
10,001
17
20,312
11,861
8,841
31,358
14,195
11,417
12,160
4,717
5,676
16,816
9,540
6,178
516
474
76
10,830
3,101
1,550
3,827
1,254
1,900
44,682
25,327
23,239
> Not reported in 1916.
• Figures can not be shown without disclosing individual operations.
32
MANUFACTURES.
• Table 36 — DETAIL STATISTICS FOR SHIPBUILDING,
United States
Alabama
Arkansas'.
California
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
All other states 2
Num-
ber of
estab-
lish-
ments.
1,137
4
50
31
9
57
7
18
10
10
17
26
100
50
85
55
28
18
6
76
200
12
32
26
30
14
4
14
PEKSONS ENGAGED m THE INBUSTBY.
Total.
78,333
569
4
7,394
1,573
2,104
1,291
252
649
223
45
202
1,413
2,115
5,680
4,693
2,416
155
140
25
8,600
10,739
164
5,325
1,092
6,811
6S4
49
272
32
4,128
221
1,390
7,883
Pro-
prie-
tors
and
firm
mem-
bers.
1,103
18
9
12
15
21
110
51
80
52
30
19
8
65
207
14
31
25
27
13
4
13
4
55
5
26
44
gala- Clerks, etc.
ried
offi-
cers,
super-
intend-
ents,
and
man-
agers.
Wage earners.
1,550
173
169
6
54
24
96
17
1
34
255
Male.
145
124
20
13
16
10
4
5
45
60
224
124
80
2
2
561
399
3
153
35
242
34
1
2
202
6
65
147
Fe-
male
365
28
Average
number.
72,497
541
7,113
1>312
1,938
1,172
216
598
184
26
168
1,306
1,857
5,326
4,373
2,225
115
118
17
7,777
9,928
141
5,059
1,003
6,440
616
43
250
25
3,744
202
1,250
7,414
Number, 15th day of—
Maximum
month.
De 85,928
De
762
De
No
De
De
De
Au
Fe
J?
De
De
Oc
Ja
Je
Je
Ja
Je
De
De
Oc
Au
De
Oc
Je
De
No
Ap
No
No
No
9,240
Ja
1,741
Ke
2,258
Jy
1,459
Mh
473
Ap
737
Ail
217
,Ta
44
No
247
1,898
2,341
6,007
4,925
2,921
162
136
26
8,981
11,516
208
5,412
2,168
7,419
794
73
326
34
6,839
260
1,571
Minimum
month.
Ja 59,433
Ja
385
Ja
Ap
Ja
Fe
Oc
Oo
De
Not
Ja
Ja
Mh
Ja
Ja
Ja
Au
Fe
Mh
Se
Fe
Ja
Ja
4,952
909
1,448
934
74
500
142
14
75
794
1,461
4,473
4,024
1,784
73
97
12
6,529
7,909
81
4,005
300
5,082
467
13
159
15
1,710
126
666
■WAGE EARNERS DEC. 15, OB NEAREST
KEPBESENTATTVE DAY.
Total.
86,324
764
1
9,262
1,559
2,183
1,373
474
651
195
167
1,921
2,365
5,619
4,502
2,816
99
146
16
9,006
11,139
218
5,634
2,175
6,815
592
64
313
28
6,717
253
1,644
7,575
16 and over.
Male.
85,708
764
1
9,258
1,524
2,130
1,370
474
650
195
38
167
1,911
2,356
5,607
4,501
2,793
99
146
16
9,005
11,123
218
5,623
2,172
6,771
587
64
313
28
6,717
253
1,635
7,199
Fe-
male.
140
15
60
Under 16.
Male,
476
10
31
316
Fe-
male.
' Same number reported for one or more other months.
'All other states embrace: District of Columbia, 2; Idaho, 2; Missouri, 5; South Carolina, 2; South Dakota, 1; Virginia, 30.
SHIPBUILDING.
INCLUDING BOAT BUILDING, BY STATES: 1916.
33
Capital.
$243,217,869
715,033
2,870
•11,618,044
22,689,461
5,553,744
2,542,824
942,259
1,836,011
495,068
165,947
113,888
3,963,065
4,211,955
13,806,495
10,136,660
7,672,524
281,202
109,761
22,415
37,332,760
32,009,922
200,168
21,934,830
2,530,166
21,660,089
756,561
20,514
356,001
115,892
14,804,465
357, 111
4,835,136
19,424,528
EXPENSES.
Salaries and wages.
Officials.
14,032,671
31,749
173,3.56
351,687
132,679
63,683
14,390
18,900
31,656
4,445
14,220
72,684
139,648
108,522
243,242
92,963
5,700
900
519,970
554,551
4,498
226,884
34,275
326,511
29,735
969
12,120
3,640
204,032
15,428
93,464
606,170
Clerks, etc.
$2,918,051
3,cyr2
245,051
125, 195
76,169
19,911
7,460
8,055
8,310
1,111
4,223
36,733
65,094
179,925
111,649
65,194
3,988
1,800
578,996
487,928
647
192,898
20,326
217,773
29,855
276
2,536
205,778
5,445
63,815
148,238
Wage earners.
$60,575,901
421,329
240
7,198,585-
1,241,117.
1,409,802
598,205
153,024
326,097
107,037
20,940
111,961
784, 154
1,353,755
3,772,631
4,409,466
1,857,021
87,603
70,80.5
9,085
6,575,530
9,886,899
54,364
3,907,725
833,841
5 407,553
518,374
22,236
160, 165
16,830
3,455,314
118,999
821,645
4,862,903
For contract
work.
$4,092,789
288,348
2,921,676
2,200
7,751
5,000
375
3,875
64
925
37,694
22,378
2,652
16,916
1,700
1,800
892
145,836
64,600
28,443
42
2,647
481,692
52,383
"4,' 666
For materials.
Principal
materials.
$86,726,894
351,641
3,650
10,062,691
1,206,952
2,515,542
879,618
214,336
252,395
284,078
43,166
138,614
1,013,366
2,519,765
5,649,835
6,779,288
2,967,064
113,805
118,019
12,301
9,682,734
11,165,879
42,306
5,841,702
1,585,712
8,962,761
380,330
11,836
207,154
6,001
6,412,941
133,510
1,561,442
5,607,460
Fuel and rent
of power.
$2,541,936
46,634
150
181,902
29,603
80,295
29,575
3,606
15,668
6,837
1,833
1,705
21,186
56,040
194, 833
153,404
152,739
6,278
1,650
620
220,902
363,981
1,346
235,050
25,604
289,423
20,804
730
2,370
1,380
92,962
2,912
50,503
250,511
Value of
products.
$185,852,192
1,048,578
8,945
19,777,911
6,217,274
4,328,002
1,795,519
454,390
760,307
463,069
83,199
279,168
2,606,767
4,882,131
12,205,557
12,185,354
5,637,103
269,256
304,. 578
47,9.52
20,311,529
31,357,645
188,640
12,160,007
2,91,5,346
16,816,071
1,523,614
35,143
515,972
33,521
10,829,812
308,872
3,826,847
11,674,113
Value added by
manufacture.
$96,583,362 1
650,303
5, 145
9,533,318
4,980,719
1,732,165
886,326
236,448
4ge,244
172, 154
38,200
138,849
1,572,216
2,306,326
6,360,889
6,252,662
2,617,300
150, 173
184,909
35,131
10,407,893
19,827,785
144,988
6,083,255
1,304,0.30
7,563,887
1,122,480
22, .577
306,448
27,140
4,323,909
172,450
2,214,902
6,816,142
34
MANUFACTURES.
Table 37.— DETAIL STATISTICS FOR SHIPBUILDING,
STATE.
Num-
ber Of
estab-
lisli-
ments.
PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE INDUSTRY.
WAGE EARNERS DEC. IS, OR
NEAREST REPRESENTATIVE DAY.
Capital.
Total.
Pro-
prie-
tors
and
firm
mem-
bers.
Sala-
ried
oiB-
cers,
super-
intend-
ents,
and
mana-
gers.
Clerks, etc.
Wage earners.
Total.
16 and over.
Under 16.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Aver-
age
num-
ber.
Number, ISth day of—
Male.
Fe-
male.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Maximum
month.
Minimum
month.
SHIPBUILDING. INCLUDINa BOAT BUILDING.
United States
California
Connecticut
Georgia
Indiana
Kentucky
Maryland
Michigan
Minnesota
New nampshire
New Jersey
New York
Ohio
Peimsyivanla
Texas
Washington
Wisconsin
All other states <
1,147
52
37
4
9
11
42
62
30
7
8.5
207
29
33
14
64
34
427
48,667
3,730
673
18
249
117
2,685
1,430
169
24
6,981
6,732
3,046
5,052
189
1,623
789
15,160
1,192
42
30
4
6
13
44
61
36
10
74
224
29
37
13
75
33
461
995
129
136
45
67
7
36
27
1,765
438
264
72
173
1
60
28
358
226
16
8
6
71
44,489
3,457
514
14
225
90
2,468
l,2r.l
125
14
6,324
6,076
2,879
4,773
168
1,444
693
13,962
My 49,567
Ja
My
JV8
A"u
Je
3,917
594
18
265
134
Jy 2,681
My 1, 783
My 163
Ap« 15
Je 6,827
My 7,078
i Mh 3,566
Je 5, 710
Se
Fe
My
241
1,717
1,048
No 37,843
Se
Fe
Ja«
De
Au
3,005
402
11
162
29
De 2,171
De 431
Oo 92
De 12
Se 5,921
Se 5,3.59
No 2,076
De 3,514
Fe
No
Se
105
1,128
356
i 42,735
42,453
90
11
1
3 978
552
11
1 168
1 1.56
2,488
650
128
18
1 6,129
5,762
2,696
3,630
170
1,302
669
14,228
1
3,966
538
11
168
1.56
2,474
647
128
IS
6,128
5.7,55
2,694
3,581
168
1,300
667
14,054
9
9
3
5
7
2
7
1
1
- 6
....„
"'i'
1
44
"'i'
40
2
1
1
130
1
fli56,059,938
8, 147, 431
2,369,613
11,275
610,660
311,388
4,942,061
6,689,776
223,1.50
19,100
36,028,113
17,998,894
12, 870, 446
18,285,168
103,854
4, .599, 883
4,109,355
38,739,771
4
SHIPBUILDING, STEEL.
United States
California
Connecticut
Indiana
Maryland
Michigan
New Jersey
New York
Ohio
Wisconsin
Ail other states'
79
35,664
3,291
331
202
2,182
1,010
5,607
3,222
2,739
545
16,535
24
561
53
26
6
52
27
79
32
32
15
239
1,447
131
67
8
83
36
382
149
66
23
512
124
33,508
3,096
226
187
2,039
935
5,142
3,023
2,623
504
15,733
Mh 36,788
Oc3
No3
Au
Ja
My
277
277
217
2,274
1,340
Je 5, 502
My 3,511
Mh 3,336
My 822
No 28,107
Ja
Ja
De
De
De
105
105
135
1,823
236
No 4, 810
Oc 2,659
No 1,828
Se 195
31,662
3,554
275
135
2,043
350
4,985
2.877
2,448
480
14,515
31,599
3,554
262
135
2,030
350
4,985
2,874
2,446
479
14,484
63
45
2
1
162
1 ]?132,712,414
7,529,481
1,202,187
552,503
4,321,595
6, 858, 876
33,120,371
10,692,514
12,410,069
3,760,779
53,263,439
SHIPBUILDING, WOODEN,
INCLUDING BOAT BUILDING
1
United States
1,068
13,003
1,168
434
318
102
10,981
My
12,794
De
9,224
10,897
10,854
27
16
23,347,524
California
■)
44
34
6
65.
4
21
6
10
11
15
lft5
35
81
56
30
11
7
79
190
10
24
20
13
14
4
31
136
439
342
58
584
18
187
47
22
117
454
621
503
565
420
169
77
24
1,374
3,510
69
307
199
109
189
132
244
2,223
- 42
30
5
76
4
22
6
13
13
16'
121
42
81
56
36
12
10
72
218
11
29
31
14
13
4
33
158
17
14
6
15
15
6
4
4
361
288
47
486
14
137
38
9
90
419
461
429
435
326
125
65
14
1,182
3.053
56
256
163
86
168
119
191
1,963
Fe
My
Se
Oc
Au»
'^p
Au
Ap
Je
Fe
Mh
Je
My
My
My
Jas
Jy»
Je
My
Ja
Se
Mh
Mh
Se
Ap
Je
409
357
67
602
18
179
48
13
134
551
512
502
570
443
163
83
15
1,325
3,567
76
298
223
119
241
153
243
Au
No
No
Jy
Ja>
De
De
Ja'
Au
No
De
De
Ja
De
Oo
s;
Fe
Se
My»
Mh
De
De
Fe
Oc,
De
274
230
30
413
11
98
27
7
29
266
363
348
314
195
92
47
12
1,057
2,654
51
230
106
54
105
86
150
424
277
59
484
11
137
33
10
156
442
479
445
429
300
128
61
18
1,144
2,885
52
248
161
72
170
126
189
1,957
412
276
59
482
11
137
33
10
156
439
475
444
426
297
128
61
18
1,143
2,881
52
248
161
72
168
126
188
1,951
9
3
1
617,950
1,167,426
82,675
1,095,969
11,275
394,351
58,157
37,476
311,388
610,809
1,062,306
620, 466
788,574
830,900
223,150
32,966
19, 100
2, 907, 742
7,306,380
85,005
459, 777
435,199
118,044
103,854
187, 429
348,576
3,430,580
3
Connecticut
4
%
Florida
6
1
2
6
7
16
3
6
6
s
Indiana
q
in
9
12
21
16
31
14
3
• 4
6
6
14
7
15
2
1
1
12
2
11
9
3
11
4
......
2
3
1?
13
1
2
1
14
15
Michigan . . .
16
17
MississiDDi
IS
New Hampshire
19
SO
104
1
13
2
4
7
4
12
60
56
115
1
6
2
5
1
5
5
35
14
20
3'
1
3'
7
1
4
90
New York
71
r?
■"I
?5
Texas
2
^
West Virginia
''7
Wisconsin
1
5
?S
All other states " .
I
1 Owned power only. 2 Includes rented power, other than electric. ' Same number reported for one or more other months,
< All other states cmbnicc: -Mabama, 4 establishments: Delaware, 8; District of Columbia, 2; Florida, 66; Idaho, 2; Illinois, 22; Iowa, 11; Louisiana. 17; Maine, 107;
Massachusetts, 84; Mississippi, 12; MissourI,3; North Carolina, 11; Oregon,21; Rhode Island, 15, South Carolina, 2; fl^thDakota,!; Tennessee,3; Vermont,2; Virginia, 29;
West Virginia, 5.
SHIPBUILDING.
INCLUDING BOAT BUILDING, BY STATES: 1914.
35
EXPENSES.
Value of
products.
Value
added by
manufac-
ture.
POWER.
Salaries and wages.
For
contract
work.
Rent and taxes.
For materials.
Primary horsepower.
Electric
horse-
power
gener-
ated in
estab-
lish-
ments
report-
ing.
Officials.
Clerks,
etc.
Wage
earners.
Rent of
factory.
Taxes,
including
internal
revenue
and cor-
poration
mcome.
Principal
materials.
Fuel and
rent of
power.
Total.
Steam
en-
gines.'
Inter-
nal-
com-
bus-
Mon
en-
gines.'
P
Electric
(rented)
SHIPBUILDING, INCLUDING BOAT BUILDING.
52,741,432
$2,017,377
132,931,156
$531,779
$416,749
$706,395
$37,178,602
$1,418,368
$88,682,071
$50,085,101
116,333
79,599
5,655
94
30,085
36,190
1
174,2.56
191,307
254,118
112,433
3,196,424
458,379
8,055
134,404
62,356
1,573,469
1,039,516
89,323
10,138
4,657,008
4,971,058
1,938,565
3,411,350
123,266
1,151,913
420,593
9,695,349
34,726
895
24,170
11,069
366
72,376
5,238
90
2,994
1,065
25,772
44,553
1.829
266
54,376
112,998
91,629
46,782
270
45,237
30,617
170,304
3,377,146
327,061
4,231
260,383
131,669
2,028,870
1,189,847
153,530
11,742
6,486,445
4,954,781
1,764,752
4,635,922
277,827
951, 776
424, 001
11,198,619
109,438
15,140
106
7,088
2,896
72,960
68,896
3,964
526
149,849
217,997
143,828
161,353
823
35,087
27,154
401,263
8,104,033
1,66.5,293
15,840
506,362
221,788
4,521,169
2,822,5.57
317,111
38,525
11,860,965
14,195,298
4.716,787
9,539,865
473,524
3,101,446
1,2,54,088
26,327,420
4,617,449
1,323,092
11,503
238,891
87,223
2,419,339
1,563,814
159,617
26,257
6,224,671
9, 022, ,520
2,808,207
4,742,590
1^4,874
2,114,583
802,9.33
13,727,538
4,697
1,303
26
549
164
5,979
7,565
362
50
11,944
17,664
9,661
9,694
316
6,866
3,875
35,628
2,210
646
""'376'
95
4,797
6,898
122
25
10,633
7, .539
7,970
2,243
222
3,866
3,108
28,865
84
111
23
76
39
230
298
186
20
569
1,203
90
37
94
122
189
2,184
"'ih'
""26'
"'26'
2,403
516
3
103
30
952
353
44
S
742
8,902
1,601
7,388
5
ii'
2,433
2,241
5,114
765
6,251
17
1
1,055
717
17,590
2
3
4
16,054
15,271
107, 746
84,560
4,500
8,120
4,180
56,714
56,743
3,099
500
375
5
835
13,002
6,592
1,399
60
69,452
151,177
3,720
4,079
1,291
14,168
5,166
111,203
6
7
5,693
1,700
750
2,757
127,112
2,497
176
8
9
10
400,188
427,499
169,383
230,190
11,410
90,250
61,664
767,154
455,984
330,568
79,059
143,732
1,250
117,970
31,701
361,708
11
12
13
14
15
32, 180
....„
1,888
578
4,677
16
17
322,418
18
SHIPBUILDING, STEEL.
$1,936,260 $1,650,346 $25,165,792 | $442,135 $123,487
148, 781
164,570
13,524
91,206
63,969
290,362
183,364
148,588
34,883
797,033
240,529
105, 752
8,120
47,055
39,219
394, 134
183,547
72,970
26,917
532,103
2,855,873
235,953
112,309
1, .323, 696
810, 473
3,740,073
2,478,265
1,791,649
298,915
11,618,596
32,585
566'
86,520
'32i,'632
6,000
7,000
2,200
32, 512
38,975
730
36,070
$545,478 i«28,097,457 $1,172,270
70,398
1,305
2,614
20,337
37,210
31,923
59,697
88,626
27,686
205,082
2,995,464
125,557
252, 772
1,705,212
946,890
4, 439, 115
2,161,352
1, 571, 259
230, 524
13,669,312
103, 540
5,757
6,506
65,049
60,412
117,145
128,993
140,066
21,999
522,804
$66,216,092 »36,940,96S
7, 130, 577
1, 107, 717
465,936
3, 776, 809
2,261,069
9, 292, 706
6, 835, 156
4,291,645
851,281
30,203,796
4,031,673
976, 403
206,659
2,006,548
1,253,767
4,736,446
4,544,811
2,580,320
598, 758
16,011,680
&3,70C
3,456
362
433
4,749
4,617
8,616
9,728
8,748
3,397
39,600
CO, 208 574
1,480
285
4,177
4,525
8,068
2,850
7,242
2,920
28,661
260
214
1,976
362
98
522
92
548
6,618
1,506
477
10,725
2,301
2,241
4,500
741
6,261
714
18,628
SHIPBUILDING, WOODEN, INCLUDING BOAT BUILDING.
805,166
7,765,364
89,644
293,262
100,917
246,098 22,465,379
13, 138, 136
31,627
19,391
4,762 94
7,161
25,475
26,731
3,694
46,236
22,470
2,530
15, 271
18,540
34,116
16,540
58,607
20,591
4,500
109,836
244,145
1,200
20,795
5,060
4,175
11,410
7,009
16, 781
89, 454
13,589
6,681
9,280
6,817
4,180
5,566
11,994
9,659
13,009
17,524
3,099
61,850
147,021
520
6,089
3,070
3,557
1,250
3,921
4,784
33,571
340, 651
222,426
27,544
334,287
8,055
99,909
22,095
6,128
52,356
234, 769
283,776
249, 773
328,025
229,043
89,323
31,278
10, 138
916,935
2,492,803
33,853
146,916
157,960
CI, 100
123,256
56,590
121,678
1,084,731
2,141
895
375
7,518
11,842
6,693
1,700
2,200
750
1,859
40,592
7,245
18, 170
4,069
700
4,825
366
4,941
116
836
1,716
4,372
10,802
35, 154
5,592
1,399
519
00
36,940
112,202
175
2,990
4,369
5,953
1,291
5,166
30,540
1,977
3,933
284
7,192
90
1,137
380
221
1,065
3,372
10,480
5,435
8,685
7,343
1,829
272
266
22,453
63,301
1,196
3,003
3,734
971
270
736
2,931
18,361
381,082
201,604
43,617
268,223
4,231
105,307
7,611
12, 424
131,669
263,113
635,754
323,658
385,373
242,967
153,530
46,072
11,742
1,047,330
2,793,429
37,471
193,493
111,557
40,668
277, 827
80,261
193,477
1,087,105
5,898
9,383
1,4.38
12, 178
106
2,852
583
418
2,896
5,356
10,353
7,911
9,900
8,484
3,964
714
526
32,704
89,004
428
3,762
2,891
2,208
752
6,156
26,411
973, 456
657, 576
82,664
804,399
15,840
283,341
. 40,426
32,600
221,788
663,263
1, 192, 866
744,360
1,061,115
561, 488
317,111
101,362
38,626
2,668,259
7,360,142
93,175
425, 142
332,074
158, 774
473, 524
160, 898
402, 807
2,798,514
586,876
346,689
37,599
523,998
11,503
175, 182
32,232
19,658
87,223
394, 794
546, 759
412,791
665,842
310,047
159, 617
54, 576
26,257
1, 488, 225
4, 477, 709
55,276
227,887
217,626
115,898
194,874
79,885
204,175
1,685,938
1,241
941
195
1,489
26
251
116
44
164
1,144
1,270
1,230
1,513
2,948
352
170
50
3,328
7,936
IQO
913
445
303
316
138
478
4,466
730
646
163
422
86
4
95
940
575
620
696
2,373
122
145
25
2, .565
4,689
62
728
247
230
222
138
188
2,681
84
111
27
687
23
123
26
174
276
180
269
298
186
12
20
569
943
35
90
51
14
94
189
209
30
16
20
427
154
5
380
3
128
5
5
30
30
419
430
548
261
44
13
5
194
2,284
3
95
147
119
101
1,331
132
2
614
14
'All other statesembrace: Delaware, 2establishments: Florida, 1: Illinois, l;Iowa, 1: Louisiana, 2; Maine, 2; Massachusetts, 3; Mississippi, 1; North Carolina, 1; Oregon, 1;
Pennsylvania, 5: Rhode Island, 2: Virginia, 1: Washington, 3; West ^"i^f,^nia, 1.
•Allotherstatesembracc: Alabama, 4 establishments; District of Columbia, 2; Idaho, 2; Missouri, 3; Pennsylvania, 28; South Carolina, 2; South Dakota, 1; Tennessee, 3;
Vermont, 2; Virginia, 28; Washington, 61.
o
THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE
STAMPED BELOW
AN INITIAL FINE OF 25 CENTS
WILL BE ASSESSED FOR FAILURE TO RETURN
THIS BOOK ON THE DATE DUE. THE PENALTY
WILL INCREASE TO SO CENTS ON THE FOURTH
DAY AND TO $1.00 ON THE SEVENTH DAY
OVEI^DUE.
^
OCT 18 1938
M ML24
l?,Nov'54BS
Rc_C'D LD
NOV 12 19 6 1
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^^"P JUL ^ ''' 1 08 2
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THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY
986771