V M UC-NRLF t^ ifl fill in LO O o f * UJ >- ibil^ JUL 5 1919 [_0S DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE M BUREAU OF THE CENSUS SAM. L. ROGERS, Director CENSUS OF SHIPBUILDING (INCLUDING BOAT BUILDING) 1916 AND 1914 Prepared under the supervision of EUGENE F. HARTLEY, Chief Statistician for Manufactures ^^ fe^-i-f^ r , CONTENTS Page Explanation of terms 2 General statistics 3 Scope and cliaracter of the industry 3 Summary for the industry: 1916 and 1914 3 Comparison with earlier censuses 4 Government shipyards 5 Summary by states 6 Coast di\isions and inland waters 7 Persons engaged in the industry 10 Wage earners employed, by months 12 Prevailing hours of labor ,. 13 Character of ownership 14 Classification according to size 15 Classification by number of wage earners 18 General statistics — Continued. Engines and power Fuel Special statistics Statistics covered and terms used Vessels and boats Value of work done during census year Dry docks and marine railways Detail state tables: Table 35. — Comparative summary, by states, for 1916, 1914, and 1909 Table 36.— Detail statistics for shipbuilding, including Iwat building, by states: 1916 Table 37.— Detail statistics for shipbuilding, including boat building, by states: 1914 Page 17 IS 19 19 19 29 30 32 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1919 JZiAri-LrtiNAiiwiN Kjr irixvivio. Scope of censns. — Census statistics of manufactures are compiled primarily for the pm^jose of showiag the absolute and relative magnitude of the different branches of industry covered and their growth or decline. Incidentally, the effort is made to present data throwing light upon character of ownership, size of establishments, and similar subjects. \\'hen use is made of the statistics for these purposes it is imperative that due attention should be given to their limitations, particularly in connection with any attempt to derive from them figures purporting to show average wages, cost of produc- tion, or profits. The census did not cover establishments which were idle during the entire year or whose products were valued at less than $500, or the manufacturing done in educational, eleemosynary, and penal institutions. Period covered. — ^The retvums relate to the calendar year 1914, or the business year which corresponded most nearly to that calendar year, and cover a year's operations, except for establishments which began or discontinued business during tne year. The establishment. — As a rule, the term "establishment" repre- sents a single plant or factory, but in some cases it represents two or more plants which were operated under a common o\\Tiership or for which one" set.of books of aocouht y/as kept. If, however, the f)lants constituung.'an e^tablislriaieilt fia thus defined were not all ocated within the same city or state" separate reports were secured in order that ttte^-tigftre^fdt.'ejich; pfent tnight be included in the statistics fai'fhet^itfyiof state id wltich-jt ys&s located. Influence of increased prices. — In comparing figures for cost of materials, value of products, and value added by manufacture in 1914 and 1909 with the corresponding figures for earlier censuses, account should be taken of the general increase in the prices of com- modities during recent years. To the extent to which this factor has been influential the figures fail to afford an exact measure of the increase in the volume of business. Persons engaged in the industry. — The following general classes of persons engaged in the industry distinguished: (1) Proprietors and firm members, (2) salaried officers of corporations, (3) superin- tendents and managers, (4) clerks (including other subordinate salaried employees), and (5) wage earners. In the rejwrts for the censuses of 1904 and 1899 these five classes were shown according to the three main groups: (1) Proprietors and firm members, (2) salaried officials, clerks, etc., and (3) wage earners. In compara- tive tables covering the census of 1904 it is of course necessary to group the figures according to the classification that was employed at the earlier censuses. The number of persons engaged in the industry, distributed by sex, and, in the case of wage earners, also by age (whether under 16 or 16 and over), was reported for a single representative day. The 15th of December was selected as representing for most estab- lishments normal conditions of employment, but where this date was not a representative day an earlier date was chosen. In the case of employees other than wage earners the ntimber thus reported for the representative date has been treated as equivalent to the average for the year, since the number of employees of this class does not ordinarily vary much from month to month. In the case of wage earners the average has been obtained in the maimer explained in the next paragraph. In addition to the more detailed report by sex and age of the niunber of wage earners on the representative date, a report was obtained of the number employed on the 15th of each month, without distinction of sex or age. From these figures the average number of wage earners for the year has been calculated by dividing the sum of the numbers reported for the several months by 12. The average thus obtained approximates the number of wage earn- ers that would be required to perform the work done if all were constantly employed during the entire year. Accordingly, the im- portance of the industry as an employer of labor is behoved to be more accurately measured by this average than by the number employed at any one time or on a given day. In order to determine as nearly as possible the sex and age dis- tribution of the average number of wage earners for the industry as a whole, the per cent distribution by sex and age of the wage earners reported forDecember 15, or the nearest representative day, has been calculated from the actual number reported for that date, the percentages thus obtained have lieen applied to the average number of wage earners for the year in the industry to determine the average number of men, women, and children employed. Salaries and wages. — Under the.se heads are given the total pay- ments during the year for salaries and wages, respectively. The Census Bureau has not undertaken to calculate the average annual earnings of either salaried employees or wage earners. Such aver- ages would possess little real value, because they would be based on the earnings of employees of both sexes, of all ages, and of widely varying degrees of skill. Fiirthermore, so far as wage earners are concerned, it would be impoaaible to calculate accurately even so (2) simple an average as this, since the number of wage earners fluctn- ates from month to month. The Census Bureau's figures for wag« earners, as already explained, are averages based on the ntimbei employed on the 15th of each month and represent the approxi' mate number who would be required to perform the work if aU were continuously employed during the year, whereas the actuaJ number to whom the total wages were paid would be larger. Prevailing hours of labor.— No attempt was made to ascertain the number of wage earners working a given number of houss per week The inquiry called merely for the prevailing practice followed ir each establishment. Occasional variations in hours in ah estab lishment from one part of the year to another were disregarded, and no attention was paid to the fact that a limited number of wag( earners might have hours differing from those of the majority. AL the wage earners of each establishment are therefore counted ir the class within which the establishment itself falls. In mosi establishments, however, all or practically all the wage eamen work the same number of hours, so that the figures give a substan tially correct representation of the hours of labor. Capital. — The instructions on the schedule for securing dat£ relating to capital were as foUows: The answer should show the total amount of capital, both owned and borrowed, onthelast day of the business year reported. AlltheitemsotJixedand live capita may be taken at the amounts carried on the books. If land or buildings are rentec that fact should be stated and no value given. If a part of the land or buildingi is owned, the remainder beinR rented, that fact should be so stated and only thi value of the owned property given. Do not include securities and loans represent Ing investments in other enterprises. These instructions were identical with those employed at th( census of 1909. The data compiled in respect to capital, however at both censuses, as well as at all preceding censuses of manufactures have been so defective as to be of little value except as indicatinj very general conditions. In fact, it has been repeatedly recom mended by the census authorities that this inquiry be omitted iron the schedtile. While there are some establishments whose account ing systems are such that an accurate return for capital could b< made, this is not true of the great majority, and the figures therefow do not show the actual amount of capital invested. Iilaterials. — The statistics as to cost of materials relate to th( materials used during the year, which may be more or less than th( materials purchased during the year. The term "materials' covers fuel, rent of power and heat, mill supplies, and containers as well as materials which form a constituent part of the product Bent and taxes. — The taxes include internal revenue, corj^ra tion income tax, and state, county, and local taxes. In some instances the amount of the corporation tax for 1914 had not beci ascertained when the report was prepared and the amount pai< for 1913 was given. Value of products. — ^The amounts given under this heading repre sent the selling value or price at the factory of all products manu factured during the year, which may differ from tne value of thi products sold. Value added by manufacture. — The value of products is not i satisfactory measure of either the absolute or the relative importance of a given industry, because only a part of this value is actuall; created by the manufacturing processes carried on in the industr itself. Another part, and often by far the larger one, represent; the value of the materials used. For many purposes, therefore, thi best measure of the importance of an industry is the value createt by the manufacturing operations carried on within the industry This value is calculated oy deducting the cost of the materials usee from the value of the products. The figure thus obtained is termei in the census reports value added by manufacture." Cost of manufacture and profits. — ^The census data do not sho^ the entire cost of manufacture, and consequently can not be use< for the calculation of profits. No account has been taken of interes or depreciation, rent of offices and buildings other than factory o works, insurance, ordinary repairs, advertising, and other sundr; expenses. Primary horsepower. — ^This item represents the total primar power generated by the manufactiu-ing establishments plus th amount of power, principally electric, rented from other concerns It does not cover the power of electric motors taking their curren from dynamos driven oy primary power machines operated by th same establishment, because the inclusion of such power would ol; viously result in duplication. The figures for primary horsepowe represent the rated capacity of the engines, motors, etc., and no the amount of power m actual daily use, since in most cases ai engine or motor is not required to dehver continuously its full rate^ horsepower. Fuel. — Statistics of the quantity of fuel used are shown only fo anthracite and bituminous coal, coke, oil, and gas. They relat to the quantity used during the year, which may be more or leg than the quantity purchased. As only the principal varieties of f u( are shown, no comparison can be made with the total cost of all fuel SHIPBUILDING, INCLUDING BOAT BUILDING. By Everett Spring.^ GENEEAL STATISTICS. Scope and character of the industry. — The statistics for this industry cover establishments engaged in the construction and repair of vessels, ships, and boats of all classes. Data for shipyards operated by the Fed- eral Government were also collected, but are shown separately and are not included in the totals for the industry. A number of establishments, not properly classified with the shipbuilding industry, also inci- dentally built or repaired ships or boats, but the amount contributed to the industry by these estab- lishments was small, and unless so stated, the tables do not include statistics relating to them. As generally used in this report the term "ship" or "vessel" refers to craft of 5 gross tons measurement or over, while craft imder 5 gross tons are designated as boats. In compiling the statistics for the shipbuilding in- dustry the Bureau of the Census distinguishes between establishments in the steel shipbuilding branch of the industry and those engaged in wooden shipbuilding and boat building. The first group is divided into (1) establishments doing construction work on steel vessels of 5 gross tons or over and (2) establishments doing repair work only on steel vessels. The second group, wooden shipbuilding and boat building, is divided into four classes: (1) Establishments engaged in new construction work on wooden vessels of 5 gross tons or over; (2) establishments doing repair work only, on wooden vessels; (3) establishments engaged mainly in building or repairing boats of less than 5 gross tons; and (4) establishments making masts, spars, oars, and ship accessories, and those engaged in rigging vessels. These divisions and groups are used for purposes of comparison as they are as nearly as possible the same for all censuses. Although the statistics for the industry for 1914 were collected in connection with the quinquennial census of manufactures for that year, they were not pubUshed at the time, owing to the inadvisability of making public the information during the war, but the figures were used by the Shipping Board and the other war agencies of the Government; later a further canvass was made of the industry, to cover the opera- tions of the year 1916, for the use of the various war boards, and these statistics have been incorporated in the present bulletin. Summary for the industry : 1916 and 1914. — Table 1 presents a comparative summary of the principal sta- tistics of establishments in the shipbuilding industry, by branches and by subbranches, for the years 1916 and 1914. A marked feature of the industry shown by the table is the large increase in the capital invested. The increase for the year 1916, as compared with 1914, was $87,157,931, or 55.8 per cent. In steel shipbuilding estabUshments the increase in capital for the two-year period was $76,805,484, or 57.9 per cent, while the wooden branch of the industry in- creased $10,352,447, or 44.3 per cent, in the same period. The great majority of the estabhshments engaged in the construction of steel vessels are large plants with costly and expensive equipment, whereas a large proportion of the establisliments building wooden vessels are small yards engaged in repair work or the building of vessels of comparatively small tonnage. As compared with the total number of establish- ments reported for the entire shipbuilding industry, those plants constructing and repairing steel ships form but a small proportion, 6.9 per cent in 1914 and 9.6 per cent in 1916. The relative importance of this branch of the industry, however, is shown by the fact that in 1914 and 1916 it gave employment to 75.3 per cent and 77.6 per cent, respectively, of the total number of wage earners, and contributed 74.7 per cent and 77.8 per cent, respectively, of the aggregate value of products. In considering . the extent of that branch of the industry engaged in constructing wooden vessels, it is well to remember that there are many establish- ments making small boats, masts, spars, and oars, or in rigging vessels, the figures for which are included in the totals for wooden shipbuilding and boat building. The relative importance of the various divisions of the shipbuilding industry may be seen from the relation that the value of the products for each branch bears to the total products of the industry, which were $88,682,071 in 1914 and $185,852,192 in 1916. In steel shipbuilding the value of products of establishments doing new construction work, on vessels launched and on the ways, was 61.3 per cent (3) 986771 MANUFACTURES. of the total for all products of the industry in 1914 and 64.1 per cent in 1916, while the percentage of products for those establishments doing repair work, only was 13.4 per cent in 1914 and 13.7 per cent in 1916. The proportion of the total value of products contributed by establishments in wooden shipbuild- ing engaged in new construction was 11.8 per cent in 1914 and 13.4 per cent in 1916; by those establish- nients doin^ repa,ir„work only, 8.2 per cent in 1914 aljd.i.y per cfenf in 1916; and by those establishments constructing boats of less than 5 gross tons and manu- facturing masts, spars, and oars, and in rigging ves- sels, 5.4 per cent in 1914 and 4.1 per cent in 1916. There were 907 establishments in 1914 and 827 in 1916 engaged mainly in new construction on ships and boats of all classes. These gave employment to 78.2 per cent of all persons employed in 1914 and 82.4 per cent in 1916, and likewise reported 78 per cent of the value of all products in 1914 and 81.3 per cent in 1916. ''JtmbuJi. Number of establishments Persons engaged Proprietors and firm members Salaried employees Wage earners (average number) Primary horsepower Capital Salaries and wages Salaries ^ Wages Paid for contract work .-. Rent and taxes (including internal revenue) Cost of materials Value of products Value added by manufacture (value of prod- ucts less cost of materials). Census year. 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 »1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 •1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 SHIPBUILDING, INCLUDING BOAT BUILDING. Aggregate. 1,137 1,147 78,333 48,667 1,103 1,192 4,733 2,986 72, 497 44,489 115,333 $243, 217, 869 156,059,938 67,526,623 37,689,965 6,950,722 4,758,809 60,575,901 32,931,156 4,092,789 531,779 1,123,144 89,268,830 38,596,970 185,852,192 88,682,071 96,583,362 50; 085, 101 Steel vessels. Total. 109 79 59,802 35,664 35 24 3,530 2,132 56,237 33,508 83,706 $209,517,898 132,712,414 53, 367, 771 28,752,404 5,347,648 3, 586, 612 48,020,123 25, 165, 792 3,911,332 442,135 668,965 69,961,072 29, 269, 727 144,619,111 66, 216, 692 74,658,039 36,946,965 New con- struction on vessels of 5 tons and over. 72 46 51,230 29,848 15 7 3,073 1,699 48,142 28,142 63,888 $190,391,607 112,630,389 43, 816, 888 23,520,313 4,672,207 2, 801, 588 39, 144, 681 20,718.725 3, 268, 575 206,194 419,286 61,957,923 25, 825, 634 119, 155, 601 54,339,778 57,197,678 28, 514, 144 Repair work only. 37 »33 8,572 6,816 20 17 457 433 8,095 5,366 19,818 $19, 126, 291 20,082,025 9,550,883 5,232,091 675,441 785,024 8,875,442 4,447,067 642,757 235, 941 249,679 8,003,149 3,444,093 25, 463, 510 11,876,914 17,460,361 8, 432, 821 Wooden, including boat building. Total. 1,028 1,068 18,531 13,003 1,068 1,168 1,203 854 16,260 10,981 31,627 $33,699,971 23,347,624 14, 158, 852 8,937,581 1,603,074 1, 172, 197 12,555,778 7,765,364 181,457 89,644 454, 179 19,307,758 9,327,243 41,233,081 22,465,379 21,925,323 13, 138, 136 Vessels. New con- struction on vessels of 5 tons and over. 339 273 10,395 5,472 364 332 667 338 9,364 4,802 14, 148 $17,394,882 9, 579, 832 8, 253, 6.59 3,940,934 915,618 525,032 7,338,041 3,415,902 118,012 34,094 151,623 11,700,716 4,691,331 24,902,118 10, 427, 681 13,201,400 5,736,350 Repair work only. 248 179 4,932 4,571 216 152 311 310 4,405 4,109 11,180 $10,204,049 8,946,660 3, 830, 740 3, 360, 143 437, 173 414,155 3,393,567 2,945,988 55, 193 39,257 189,218 3,160,413 2,517,787 8, 763, 825 7,255,951 5, 603, 412 4,738,164 Boats under 5 tons — construc- tion and repairs. 416 588 2,949 2,749 461 657 213 197 2,275 1,895 5,770 $5,403,418 4,614,178 1,891,039 1,502,905 234,205 223,061 1,656,834 1, 279, 844 8,147 15,717 104,474 4,241,368 1,956,374 7,059,017 4, 413, 767 2,817,649 2,457,383 Masts, spars, oars, and rigging vessels. 25 28 255 211 27 27 12 9 216 175 529 $697,622 206,854 183,414 133,579 16,078 9,949 167,336 123,630 105 676 8,864 205,261 161,751 608,123 367,990 302, 882 206,239 > Includes 4 establishments making boats imder 5 tons, and 1 making masts, spars, oars, and the rigging of vessels. « Not reported. Comparison with earlier censuses. — Table 2 sum- marizes the statistics of the estabUshments engaged in shipbuilding for each census from 1879 to 1916, in- clusive, and gives percentages of increase or decrease from census to census. The figures for 1869, com- parable with corresponding items given in the table for 1879 and later years, were: Number of establish- ments, 964; wage earners (average number), 13,915; primary horsepower, 5,136; capital, $11,463,076; salaries and wages, $7, 073, 400 ; cost of materials, $9,379,980; value of products, $21,483,967; and value added by manufactxu-e, $12,103,987. The financial figures for 1869 are given in currency, which at the time was worth only about 80 cents gold to the dollar. For strict comparison, therefore, these figures should be reduced about 20 per cent. While there was a decrease in the number of estab- lishments from 1914 to 1916, all of the other items except number of proprietors and firm members showed a decided increase for this period. During the 37 years covered by the table, the average number of wage earners increased from 21,345 to 72,497, or 239.6 per cent, while the total value of products, in- cluding repair work, increased from $36,800,327 to $185,852,192, or 405 per cent. The capital invested in the industry shows a large increase during the period, from $20,979,874 in 1879 to $243,217,869 in 1916, or nearly twelvefold, and the average capital SHIPBUILDING. per establishment increased from $9,589 to 1213,912. These increases indicate that, as the construction of steel ships has grown in importance, capital has be- come far more necessary to the development of the industry than was the case when ships were con- |tructed of wood only. In 1879 the value of products was nearly twice the capital invested, the ratio being 1.75. In 1899, for the first time, the value of products was less than the capital invested and the ratio of value of products to the capital decreased until 1914, when it was 0.57, with an increase to 0.76 in 1916, due largely to the increase in values incident to the war. Table 2 SHIPBtnLDING, INCLUDINQ BOAT BUILDING. PEB CENT OF INCBEASE." 1916 19U 1909 1904 1899 1.S89 1.879 1914- 1916 190»- 1914 1904- 1909 1S99- 1904 1889- 1899 1879- 188S Number of establishment? 1,137 78,333 1,103 4,733 72,497 0) $243,217,889 67,526,623 6,950,722 60,575,901 4,092,789 (') 89,268,830 185,852,192 96,683,362 1.147 48,667 1,192 2,986 44,489 115,3,%3 $156,059,938 37,689,965 4,758,809 32,931,166 631, 770 1,123,144 38,596,970 88,682,071 60,085,101 1,353 44,949 1,463 2,980 40,506 88,063 $126,118,489 29,303,132 4,035,446 25,267,686 1,185,579 835,656 31,214.358 73,360,315 42, 145, 957 1.097 64,424 1,190 2,480 60,754 78, 127 $121,623,700 32,580,828 3,339,741 29,241,087 674,418 « 640,519 37,463.179 82,769,239 45,306,060 1,107 1,405 46,747 61,797 $77,341,001 26,831,975 2,007,237 24,824,738 m m 33.474,896 74, .532, 277 41,057,381 1,006 (=) (•■) (') 22, 143 18, 192 $27,262,892 14,278,819 m (') ("-) m 16,521,248 38,065,410 21,. 544, 164 2,188 (') (') O 21,345 m $20,979,874 12,713,813 ti (') 19,736,358 36,800,327 17,063,969 -0.9 61.0 -7.5 68.6 63.0 ""bs'.s 79.2 46.1 83.9 669.6 "isi.'s' 109.6 92.8 -15.2 8.3 -18.5 0.2 9.8 31.0 23.7 28.6 17.9 30.3 -65.1 34.4 23.7 20.9 18.8 23.3 -17.4 22.9 20.2 -20.2 12.7 3.7 -10.1 20.8 -13.6 75.8 -0.9 10.0 -54.0 Proprietors and firm Salaried employees 76.6 8.6 26.4 57.3 21.4 66.4 17.8 Wage earners (average number) ni.i 239.7 183.7 87.9 (•) 29 9 Primary horsepower Capital Salaries and wages 12 3 Salaries Wages.. . 89.7 2 9 Paid for contract worlc Kent and taxes (including internal revenue) -16.7 -11.4 -7.0 11.9 U.l 10.3 102.6 96.8 90.6 —16.3 3 4 Value added by manufac- ture (value of products less cost of materials) 26.3 ' A minus sign (—) denotes decrease. ' Figures not available. ' Figures not strictly comparable. < Not reported. » Exclusive of internal revenue. Government shipyards. — Table 3 presents, for 1916, 1914, 1909, and 1904, a comparative summary of the more important statistics of shipbuilding establish- ments operated by the Federal Government. Table 3 Number of establishments Persons engaged Salaried emjiloyees , \\'age earners (average number) Primary horsepower Salaries and wages Salaries \Vages Cost of materials , Value of worlc done during the year New vessels (5 gross tons and over) Ve.ssels launched. , Steel vessels Steam Unrigged Wooden vessels Steam Motor Unrigged Vessels building but not launched Steel Wooden Boats (less than 6 gross tons) All other products includ- ing repair work GOVERNMENT SHIPYAEDS. 1916 30 23,528 3,464 20,064 (') $22,232,313 4,451,210 17,781,103 14,077,767 38,674,491 8,811,863 3,376,710 3,021,645 2,922,566 99,079 355,065 127, 702 138,912 88,451 5,435,1.53 5,361,448 73,705 351,339 29,511,289 1914 13 18,328 2,543 15,785 82, 498 $16, 428, 497 3, 336, 830 13,091,667 11,103,113 29,217,265 4,612,311 1,385,131 1,298,611 966,602 332,009 88,820 31,346 30,097 25,177 3,227,180 3,101,014 126,166 175,730 24,429,224 12 16,425 1,888 14,537 32,525 $15,317,330 2,646,806 12,670,624 9,526,109 25,872,033 1,977,977 166,141 34,106 34,106 122,035 68,104 53,931 1,821,836 1,821,836 153,346 23, 740, 710 1904 13,932 1,728 12,204 13,933 $11,853,239 2,130,475 9, 722, 764 6,731,931 17,265,469 3,610,270 (•) (') 376,250 13,278,949 1 Not reported. « Figures not available. From 1914 to 1916 the number of shipbuilding plants owned by the Federal Government more than doubled, increasing from 13 to 30. In 1916, 21 of these plants were operated by the Office of Chief of Engineers of the War Department, 8 by the Bureau of Yards and Docks of the Navy Department, and 1 by the Biireau of Lighthouses of the Department of Commerce. During 1916 these establishments gave employ- ment to an average of 20,064 wage earners, an in- crease of 4,279, or 27.1 per cent, over the number employed in 1914, and representing 21.7 per cent of the total number employed in shipyards, private and Government combined. The value of all work done in the Government shipyards in 1916 was $38,674,491, an increase of $9,457,226, or 32.4 per cent of the amount reported in 1914. Nearly every item shows increases for the different periods covered by the table, but the increases are considerably greater between 1914 and 1916 than during any other period, the only decreases during this period being in the value of work done during the year on unrigged steel vessels and on wooden vessels not l&unched during 1916. The table shows that in 1916 there were constructed and launched steel vessels, both steam and unrigged, to the value of $3,021,645, and wooden vessels, steam, motor, and unrigged, valued at $355,065. This is an increase over 1914 of $1,723,134, or 132.7 per cent, for the former class, and $268,445, or 309.9 per cent, for the latter class. The work performed at the several Government shipyards consisted of the repair of naval vessels, the construction of ships, boats, signal apparatus, and buoy lanterns, and the building and repair of ma- chinery, etc. It was impossible to make a separate presentation of each kind of work done and the figures presented in Table 3 include, therefore, sta- tistics that do not properly pertain to shipbuilding or repairing. The value of ' ' all other products including repair work," amoimted to $29,511,289 in 1916 and represented 76.3 per cent of the total value of the work done during the year. The corresponding per- centages for 1904, 1909, and 1914 were 76.9, 91.8, and 83.6, respectively. MANUFACTURES. This table brings out the fact that between 1914 and 1916 there was a great increase in the construc- tion of steel vessels propelled by steam and a decrease in that of unrigged steel vessels. In 1916 the value of the former class of vessels amoTinted to $2,922,566, an increase over 1914 of $1,956,064, or 202.4 per cent. The decrease in the value of the latter class of vessels was $232,930, or 70.2 per cent. The largest relative increases are shown in the value of wooden vessels constructed and launched in 1916, the increases over 1914 being as follows: Wooden vessels propelled by steam, 307.4 per cent; propelled by motors, 361.5 per cent; unrigged, 251.3 per cent. The Government shipyards did a large amount of construction work ia 1916 on vessels not launched during the year, the value of such work amounting to $5,435,153. More than 98 per cent of it was done on steel vessels, and nearly all on battleships, de- stroyers, and submarines, in the three navy yards located at Brooklyn, N. Y., Portsmouth, N. H., and Mare Island, Calif. Summary by states. — Tables 4 and 5 summarize the more important statistics of the shipbuilding industry by states for 1916 and 1914, respectively, the states being arranged according to the value of the products. Percentages of increase or decrease for the period from 1914 to 1916 are given in the former table, and for each five-year period from 1899 to 1914 in the latter table. Some of the states, for which data can not be shown separately without disclosing the operations of individual establishments, ranked higher than some of those named ia the tables. Table 4 SHIPBXnLDING, rNCLUDtNO BOAT BUILDrUG; 1916. PER CENT OF INCRKASE.l STATE. Num- ber of estab- Ush- ments. Wage earners. Value of products. Value added by manufacture. Wage earners (average number) 1914-1916. Value of products 1914-1916. Value added Average number. Per cent distri- bution. Bank. Amount. Per cent distri- bution. Bank. Amount. Per cent distri- bution. ftank. by manu- facture. 191(1 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1914- 1916. United States 1,137 72,497 100.0 1185,852,192 100.0 J96,583,362 100.0 63.0 63.4 23.0 105.8 34.9 115.8 109.6 92 8 1 2 3 4 5 8 6 10 9 U 12 14 13 16 15 18 17 19 20 21 25 22 24 23 28 26 27 30 31 34 33 37 I 2 4 3 8 5 7 9 12 10 11 16 14 20 15 17 13 23 18 22 19 34 25 28 26 24 27 21 29 31 35 New York 200 78 SO 30 50 85 32 57 31 55 100 9 30 26 26 57 14 8 18 14 10 7 7 18 17 28 12 10 6 4 4 4 42 9,928 7,777 7,113 6,440 5,326 4,373 6,059 3,744 1,312 2,225 1,857 1,938 1,250 1,003 1,306 1,172 616 541 598 250 184 216 202 118 168 115 141 26 17 43 25 13.7 10.7 9.8 8.9 7.3 6.0 7.0 5.2 1.8 3.1 2.6 2.7 1.7 1.4 1.8 1.6 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 m (■) 0.1 (') (') 10.2 1 2 4 6 8 8 7 9 13 10 12 11 15 17 14 16 18 20 19 21 24 22 23 28 25 29 27 32 35 30 37 37 2 1 6 4 8 5 7 9 16 10 11 12 13 22 14 17 15 18 19 ,21 20 33 23 28 26 24 27 25 32 29 35 31,357,645 20,311,529 19,777,911 16,816,071 12,205,557 12,185,354 12,160,007 10,829,812 6,217,274 5,637,103 4,882,131 4.328,002 3,826,847 2,915,346 2,606,767 1,795,519 1,523,614 1,048,578 760,307 615,972 463,069 454,390 308,872 304,578 279,168 269,256 188,640 83,199 47,952 35,143 33,521 8,945 11,674,113 16.9 10.9 10.6 9.1 6.6 6.6 6.5 5.8 3.3 3.0 2.6 2.3 2.1 1.6 1.4 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 ai h <■'} («) (») 6.3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 29 30 31 33 34 36 1 2 5 3 8 4 7 9 12 10 11 14 13 21 16 17 15 25 18 20 19 34 24 28 26 22 27 23 29 30 35 19,827,785 10,407,893 9,533.318 7,563,887 6,360,889 5,252,662 6,083,255 4,323,909 4,980,719 2,517,300 2,306,326 1,732,165 2,214,902 1,304,030 1,572,215 886,326 1,122,480 650,303 492,244 306,448 172,154 236,448 172,450 184,909 138,849 150,173 144,988 38,200 35,131 22,577 27,140 5,145 5,816,142 20.5 10.8 9.9 7.8 6.6 6.4 6.3 4.5 5.2 2.6 2.4 1.8 2.3 1.4 1.6 0.9 1.2 0.7 0.5 0.3 a2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 (') (■) ('! (') (') 6.0 120.9 71.2 144.1 76.3 17a 119.8 California 106.5 59 5 P«nnsylvftnia 162.9 Massachusetts Ohio 75.7 159.3 155.3 76.4 157.8 249.2 273.3 99.7 116.6 104 5 Washington 61.0 Maine Delaware 79.9 205.1 Oregon l.niif'rfiina Florida Rhode Island 16.6 323.4 277.8 Illinois Texas 48.8 -18.2 9.0 -8.5 57.3 —27.9 Indiana Georgia West Virginia Mississippi Kentucky 25.9 -15.1 69.2 Minnesota -8.0 5.9 North Carolina Iowa Tennessee Vermont All other States 7,414 1 ' Percentages are based on figures in Table 35; a minus sign {— ) denotes decrease. Percentages are omitted where base is less than 100 for wage earners or less than HOO.OOO for value of products or value added by manufacture, or where comparable figures can not be given. • Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. . New York, the most important state in the in- dustry, reported in 1914 nearly twice, and in 1916 just double the number ot estabhshments as Maine, the second state in rank in this respect. In- 1914 the seven states next in rank in number of establishments were New Jersey, Massachusetts, Florida, Washing- ton, Michigan, Cahfornia, and Maryland in the order named; this same order prevailed in 1916, except that Massachusetts supplanted New Jersey in third place, Washington equaled Florida, and Maryland equaled California. These nine states had 67 per cent of all shipbuilding estabhshments in 1914, and 64.2 per cent in 1916. Although individually Maryland gained eight establishments and Massachusetts gained one, the nine states combined lost 39 establishments between 1914 and 1916. The states making the largest relative gains in new shipbuilding plants during this period were Louisiana, Maryland, Kentucky, Mis- sissippi, and Oregon. These five states show an increase of 34 estabhshments. SHIPBUILDING. Table 5 SHIPBtnLDINa, DJCLUDINO BOAT BUILDINQ: 1»U. PER CENT Oy INCREASE.' Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wage earners. Value of products. Value added by facture. manu- Wage earners (average number). Value of products. Value added by manufacture. Aver- age num- ber. Per cent dis- tribu- tion. Rank. Amount. Per cent dis- tribu- tion. Bank. Amount. Per cent dis- tribu- tion. Rank. 1 I90»- 1904- 1914 1909 1 1899- 1904 1909- 1914 1904- 1909 1899- 1901 1909- 1914 1904- 1909 i i A 1 1899- 1904 United States.... 1,147 44.489 100.0 188,682.071 100.0 »50,085,101 100.0 9.8-20.2 8.6 «1 9 -11.4 11.1 18.8 -7.0 10 3 New York 207 33 52 29 42 64 62 37 34 9 14 30 11 7 4 427 6,076 6,324 4,773 3,457 2,879 2,468 1.444 1,261 614 696 226 168 125 90 14 14 13,962 13.7 14.2 10.7 7.8 6.6 6.6 3.2 2.8 1.2 1.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 31.4 2 1 4 6 : 9 10 16 13 20 21 24 26 32 33 1 3 5 8 6 9 13 7 16 12 19 28 21 22 32 34 14.195,298 11,860,965 9,539,865 8,104,033 4,716,787 4,621,169 3,101,446 2,822,.')57 1,665,293 1,254,088 506.362 473.524 317, 111 221,788 38,525 15.840 25,327,420 16.0 13.4 10.8 9.1 5.3 6.1 3.5 3.2 1.9 1.4 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 (') (') 28.6 1 2 3 5 7 8 9 10 12 13 19 20 22 26 29 34 1 2 5 8 6 9 13 7 15 12 21 28 20 22 31 33 9,022,620 6,224,671 4,742,590 4,617,449 2,808,207 2,419,339 2,114,583 1,563,814 1,323,092 802,933 238,891 194,874 169,617 87,223 26,257 11,503 13,727,538 18.0 12.4 9.6 9.2 5.6 4.8 4.2 3.1 2.6 1.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 O 27.4 1 2 3 4 8 9 10 12 14 19 22 24 26 29 34 1 2 5 7 6 10 13 8 16 11 21 28 20 23 31 32 7.7 29.9 34.1 87.5 -10.0 37.8 94.1 -46.2 20.4 -23.3 -12.2 0.1 -45.4 16.4 69.2 -8.0 24.3 34.2 64.4 96.1 -16.9 27.9 100.1 -43.9 124.4 -34.0 35.2 14:3 -40.2 30.3 60.8 -28.7 20.4 36.6 36.7 89.6 12.6 43.5 114.1 -38.5 2098 -25.7 81.9 3.0 7.6 -32.6 31.5 PpTinsylvfinfj^ , , 29 7 I California OMo Mftrvlftn^ , , -35.3 7.4 -22.2 10.3 -38.8 18 3 • Washington Mir*hig*in 17.3 -78.6 -31.5 118.4 69.3 -83.7 -32.9 271.6 34.3 -75.6 15 2 Connecticut .. 220.5 Wisconsin TnHiana 11 1 _1« 9 -21.5 -49.0 4.1 Texas Minn^'iots^ -40.2 -42.7 —6 7' -16.0 -18.2 10.2 79.5 0^ A -8.8 12.6 72.7 Kentucky 36.5 10. « -24.7 New Hampshire Georgia All other states 1 Percentages are base $100,000 for value of pro 3 Less than one-tenth < d onfl ducts, c )f 1 per Suresin r value cent. Table added 35: a by I minus slgn(— ) denotes decrease. Percentages are omitted where base Is less than 100 nanulacture, or wliere comparable figures can not be given. for wage earners, or less than In 1916 the value of products for New York, the leading state, equaled 16.9 per cent of the total for the United States, as against 16 per cent in 1914, and exceeded the value of products for New Jersey, the state second in importance, by 54.4 per cent; Cah- fornia, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Massachusetts, Ohio, and Washington ranked next in the order named. New York and New Jersey held the same rank in 1916 as in 1914 and 1909, first and second, respectively. Pennsylvania, which was third in 1914, fell to fourth place in 1916, and Massachusetts, which was fourth in 1914, ranked sixth in 1916. California advanced from eighth place in 1909 to fifth in 1914 and to third in 1916, and Maryland from ninth in 1909 to eighth in 1914 and to fifth in 1916. Ohio and Washington held the same rank in 1916 as in 1914, seventh and ninth, respectivel)\ These eight states combined reported, in 1916, 73 per cent of the total value of products for the industry in the United States, and 71.8 per cent in the value added by manufacture. An increase of 63 per cent in average niunber of wage earners was reported for the industry as a whole in 1916 as compared with 1914, and an increase of 9.8 per cent in 1914 as compared with 1909. Of the states shown in Tables 4 and 5, the highest percentages of gain in 1914 were reported for Washington and CaUfornia, amounting to 94.1 per cent and 87.5 per cent, respectively, while in 1916 Washington, Con- necticut, Maryland, and Cahfornia each showed an increase of more than 100 per cent, while the increase for Oregon was much greater. The states showing decreases in the number of wage earners in 1914 are Michigan, Kentucky, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Indiana, and Ohio; and in 1916, Iowa, Indiana, and Minnesota. The states reporting reductions in the average num- ber of wage earners also show decreases in the value of products and in value added by manufacture for both 1914 and 1916, except that for 1914, as compared with 1909, Ohio showed an increase of 12.6 per cent in value added by manufacture and Indiana, an increase of 35.2 per cent in value of products and 81.9 per cent in value added by manufacture. In value of products, the shipbuilding industry in the United States as a whole showed an increase of 109.6 per cent between 1914 and 1916. The per- centage of increase was greatest for the state of Ore- gon, Alabama following with the next largest increase, whUe 01 the states shown in Table 4, Connecticut, Washington, and Wisconsin each shows a gain of over 200 per cent. Other states prominent in the ship- building industry — California, Maryland, New York, and Ohio — each made a gain of over 100 per cent in value of products. Coast divisions and inland waters. — Table 6 shows for 1916 and 1914 the more important statistics for the shipbuilding industry as a whole and for each of its branches, by coastal areas and inland waters, desig- nated as North Atlantic, South Atlantic, Gulf, Pacific, Great Lakes, Mississippi River and its tributaries, and Other inland waters. At both the censuses of 1914 and 1916 over one-half of the aggregate value of all products of the ship- building industry was reported by establishments located in the North Atlantic division, which embraces the Atlantic seaboard and the navigable rivers of the New England states, and of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. The value of products in this division for 1916 was $93,307,475, 8 MAJNUFACTUKES. as compared with $48,897,075 for 1914, an increase of .144,410,400, or 90.8 per cent. The value of work done on steel vessels in this district during 1916 was more than three and a third times greater than the value of work on wooden vessels. The Pacific division, made up of the states of California, Oregon, and Washington, stands next in rank in value of products. This division has advanced from a position of comparatively small importance to a prominent place in the shipbuilding industry. There was an increase in the total value of products of $21,983,396, or 190.5 per cent, during the period 1914-1916. Of the total products, $33,523,069, re- ported for the industry in this division in 1916, $26,210,745 was for work on steel vessels, which is nearly three times the amount reported for the same class of products in 1914. The South Atlantic division includes Maryland, the District of Columbia, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and the east coast of Florida. The total value of shipbuilding in this division aggre- gated $25,501,945 in 1916, which was an increase over 1914 of $12,537,415, or 96.7 per cent. The shipbuilding industry in the Great Lakes division, which is composed of the territory bordering on the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River, shows remarkable development between 1914 and 1916. In 1914 the value of products for the industry as a whole was $9,270,488, but in 1916 it had advanced to $22,094,456, an increase of $12,823,968, or 138.3 per cent. Steel shipbuilding was by far the more important branch of the industry in both 1914 and 1916, and in the latter year contributed 90.2 per cent of the value of products. The division designated "Mississippi River and its tributaries" includes establishments located on these rivers, while the Gulf division includes the establish- ments located on the Gulf of Mexico and on waters tributary to the Gulf, other than the Mississippi River, in the states of Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas. These two divisions combined reported in 1916 an aggregate of $10,063,777, an increase over 1914 of $5,337,732. In both divisions the construction of wooden vessels predominated. The division "Other inland waters" includes the establishments, chiefly boat-building plants, located on inland lakes or rivers connecting such bodies of water. Establishments located on canals and en- gaged in the building of canal boats are included in this group. The value of work done in this division, chiefly on small boats, aggregated $1,361,470 in 1916, as compared with $1,284,260 in 1914. Table 6 Census year. Number of establishments. Steel shipbuilding New construction.. Repair work only.. Wooden shipbuilding and boat building New construction Repair work only Boats less than 5 gross tons Masts, spars, oars, and the rigging o( vessels . Persons engaged . Steel shipbuilding. Wooden shipbuilding and boat building. Proprietors and firm members Steel shipbuilding Wooden shipbuilding and boat building. Salaried employees Steel shipbuilding Wooden shipbuilding and boat building. Wage earners Steel shipbuilding Wooden shipbuilding and boat building. 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 191b 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 United States. 1,137 1,147 109 79 72 46 37 133 1,028 1,068 339 273 248 179 416 588 25 28 78,333 48,667 59,802 35,664 18,531 13,003 1,103 1,192 35 24 1,068 1,168 4.733 2,986 ,3,530 2,132 1,203 854 72,497 44,489 56,237 33,508 16, 260 10,981 COAST DIVISIONS. North Atlantic. 459 485 42 31 25 15 17 16 417 454 127 102 87 71 187 263 16 18 35,604 25,364 27, 182 IS, 872 8,422 6.492 448 492 13 12 435 480 2,442 1,750 1,901 1,266 541 484 32,714 23,122 25,268 17,594 7,446 6,528 South Atlantic. 126 115 14 9 6 5 8 4 112 106 42 32 38 29 32 45 14,753 8,213 12,915 6,727 1.838 1,486 137 125 9 2 12S 123 799 351 660 271 1.39 13,817 7,737 12,246 6,454 1,571 1,283 Gulf. 2,697 1,5S0 1,613 1.292 2,483 1,424 1,016 252 1,467 1.172 Pacific. 133 137 119 125 69 57 20 14 27 49 3 12,614 5.554 9.714 4,441 2,900 1.113 123 149 1 2 122 147 631 340 473 273 158 67 11,860 5,e&5 9,240 4,106 2,620 899 INI.AND WATERS. Groat Lakes. 131 142 19 16 18 11 1 5 112 126 22 28 32 17 58 81 9,567 5,570 8,324 4,465 1,243 1.105 120 135 8 5 112 130 461 315 356 218 105 97 8,986 5,120 7,960 4,242 1,026 878 Mississippi River and its tribu- taries. 101 75 92 69 37 16 23 16 31 36 1 1 2,419 1,553 583 460 1,836 1,093 102 83- 102 83 201 105 76 39 125 2,116 1,365 507 421 1,609 944 Other inland waters. 97 IM 97 108 14 9 16 8 63 87 4 4 679 8.33 411 679 422 96 121 96 121 62 56 32 62 24 521 656 379 521 277 1 Includes 4 establishments making boats under 5 tons, and 1 making masts, spars, oars, and the rigging of vessels. SHIPBUILDING. Table 6— Continued. Census year. United States. Capital . Steel shipbuilding Wooden sliipbuilding and boat building. Salaries and wages Steel shipbuilding Wooden sblpbmlding and boat building. Salaries Steel shipbuilding Wooden shipbuilding and boat building. Wages Steel shipbuilding Wooden shipbuilding and boat building. Paid for contract work.. Steel shipbuilding Wooden shipbuilding and boat building. Cost of materials.. Steel shipbuilding Wooden shipbuilding and boat building. Value of products.. Steel shipbuilding Wooden shipbuilding and boat building. Work done diu-ing the year on new vessels.. Launched Not launched Steel vessels , Launched Not launched.. Wooden vessels Launched Not launched.. Repair work on vessels . Steel vessels Wooden vessels Boats less than 5 gross tons. All other products Value added by manufacture . . . Steel shipbuilding Wooden shipbuilding and boat building. 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 J243,217,869 156,059,9.38 209,517,898 132,712,414 33,699,971 23,347,524 67,526,623 37,689,965 53,367,771 28,752,404 14,158,8.52 8,937,661 6,950,722 4, 758, 809 5,347,648 3,586,612 1,603,074 1,172,197 60,575,901 32,931,156 48,020,123 25,165,792 12,555,778 7,765,364 4,092,789 531, 779 3,911,332 442, 135 181,457 89, 644 89,268,830 38,590,970 69,961,072 29,269,727 19,307,758 9,327,243 185,852,192 88,682,071 144,619,111 66,216,692 41,233,081 22,465,379 101,531,210 42,545,445 60,424,700 27, 126, 809 51, 10», 510 16,418,636 85,418,006 36,295,458 40, 156, 820 21,540,428 45,201,186 14,755,030 16, 113, 204 6,249,987 10,267,880 5,580,381 5,846,324 663,606 63,508,514 32,835,212 44,821,223 20, 537, 928 18, 687, 291 12,297,284 3, 739, 725 3,788,689 17,072,743 9,512,725 96,583,362 50,085,101 74,658,039 36,946,965 21,925,323 13,138,136 COAST DIVISIONS. North Atlantic. $130,407,981 84,651,9()4 113,759,845 71,211,793 16,648,136 13,440,171 33,325,236 20, 688, 781 South Atlantic. $36,444,646 25,269,023 32,295,177 22,863,261 3, 149, 469 2, 405, 762 10, 232, 832 5,355,9.50 20,379,108 15,599,035 0, 946, 128 5,089,746 3,816,617 2,835,896 2,926,792 2,104,968 8S8, 825 730, 928 29,509,619 17,862,885 23,452,316 13,494,087 6,057,303 4,358,818 3,642,561 378, 500 3,657,071 316,533 85,490 62,027 42,804,947 21,402,078 32,603,724 16,138,273 10,301,223 5,263,805 93,307,475 48,897,075 71,967,166 36,039,370 21,340,309 12,857,705 41,770,276 22,827,958 16,967,190 13,542,501 24,803,086 9,285,457 34,670,071 20,079,161 11,361,080 11,162,435 23,308,991 8,916,716 7,100,205 2,748,807 5,606,110 2,380,060 1,494,095 308, 741 39,901,717 17,527,151 28,023,310 9,858,707 11,938,407 7,668,444 1,638,407 2,074,313 9,937,015 6,467,053 50, 502, 528 27, 494, 997 39, 463, 442 19,901,097 11,039,086 7,593,900 9, 130, 0.S9 4, ,528, 100 1, 102, 743 827,860 1,021,030 463,901 899, 252 347,187 121,784 106,714 9, 211, 796 4,902,049 8,230,837 4,180,913 980,959 721, 136 9,378 3,850 9,378 3,850 11,330,663 5,694,961 1,143,910 703, 714 25,501,945 12,964,530 22,694,150 11,113,520 2, 807, 795 1,851,004 17,013,871 8,904,228 7,918,211 4,447,050 9,095,660 4,517,178 15,885,032 8,539,307 7, 443, 771 4,074,329 8,441,801 4, 464, 978 1,128,239 424,921 474, 440 372, 721 653, 799 52,200 7,280,260 3,280,157 5,757,141 2,087,200 1,523,109 1,192,957 87,692 121,414 1, 120, 132 598, 731 13,027,482 0, 605, 855 11,363,597 5, 418, 505 1,063,885 1, 147, 290 Gulf. Pacific. $0,448,055 1,960,331 4,300,259 709,968 2,141,790 1,240,363 1,746,410 802, 965 720,396 249, 678 1,020,014 013,387 185,580 109,950 100,203 51,264 79,377 58,686 1,560,830 753,015 620, 193 198,314 940,637 554,701 45,067 32,013 2,056,320 433,950 2,973,783 1,668,054 1,683,473 1,017,254 1,203,914 975,094 479, 5.59 42,160 282, 782 119,900 180,811 99,900 101,971 20,000 1,400,691 897,354 1,023,103 876, 194 377, 588 22,160 3,133,206 995,385 1,888,057 (') 1,245,209 (') 67,473 69,902 144,891 20,009 2,975,775 1,283,716 1, 130, 843 343, 462 1,844,932 940, 254 $28,953,175 13,184,213 24,425,454 11, 178, 169 4,527,721 2,006,044 12,370,568 6, 161, 176 9,851,894 4,295,921 2,518,604 855, 255 882,818 044, 724 691,420 567, 155 191,398 77,569 11,487,740 4,506,452 9, 160, 474 3, 728, 766 2,327,260 777,686 340, 773 66,900 273, 702 60,585 07,071 6,321 18,361,812 4,588,205 14,889,674 3,748,176 3,472,138 840,029 33,523,009 11,539,673 20,210,745 9,376,847 7,312,324 2,162,826 26,335,503 5,432,480 14,097,169 4,134,239 12,238,404 1,298,247 20,797,266 4,221,113 11,695,097 3,063,024 9,101,609 1,158,089 5,538,297 1,211,373 2,401,462 1,071,215 3,130,835 140,158 5,347,079 4,894,438 3,909,146 4,033,590 1,437,933 860,848 298,003 324,276 1,542,424 888,473 15,161,257 6,951,468 11,321,071 5, 628, 671 3, 840, 186 1,322,797 nitAND WATERS. Great Lakes. $30,024,371 26,616,164 32,910,718 24,697,843 3, 107, 653 1,917,321 7,649,783 4,129,980 6,711,860 3,430,564 937,923 093, 422 090, 457 478,355 566,402 373,760 123,995 104,605 6,959,326 3,651,631 6,146,398 3,002,814 813,928 588,817 42,984 6,248 38,990 3,994 6,248 9,410,573 2,792,432 842,599 748, 241 22,094,456 9,270,488 19,918,911 7,552,001 2,175,545 1,717,887 13,101,506 3,112,927 8,811,204 3,064,739 4,290,242 68,188 12,703,430 2,038,339 8,660,913 2,025,398 4, 140, 517 12,941 398,076 474,588 254,351 429,341 143,725 45,247 6,465,800 4,877,278 476,024 505,972 2,051,126 774,311 11,835,284 5,729,815 10, 502, 338 4, 760, 109 1,332,946 969,646 Mississippi River and its tribu- taries. Other Inland waters. $1,. 570, 879 2,831,203 1,814,445 1,139,909 2, 756, 434 1,691,294 1,804,818 1,027,998 568,424 374, 166 1,236,394 653,832 292, 190 173,663 157,519 100, 789 134,677 72,774 1,512,622 854,435 410,905 273,377 1,101,717 531,058 10,045 41,298 3,875 37,902 0,170 3,396 5,034,674 2,623,435 1,772,819 1,020,487 3,261,855 1,602,948 1,560,337 1,151,894 1,395,862 937, 773 164,475 214, 121 1,078,825 697,648 918, 548 516,342 160, 277 182,306 481,512 454,246 477,314 422, 431 4,198 31,815 1,063,853 1,078,064 (■) (') 327,655 163,691 2,082,829 229,786 2,378,014 1,365,232 876, 748 567,614 1,501,266 797,018 $1,368,762 1,658,040 ' Figures not shown separately, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. 911,471 1,368,762 646,569 390,988 473,109 269,040 390,986 204,069 03,018 62,420 41,499 63,018 20,921 333,968 410,689 227,541 333,968 183,148 1,981 2,904 1,981 2,904 658,448 590,242 352,518 658,448 237,724 1,361,470 1,284,280 679,905 1,361,470 604,355 66,184 38,698 31,100 35, 413 35,084 3,285 66,184 38,698 31,100 35, 413 35,084 3,285 256,549 182,739 256,549 182,739 844,411 529,061 194,326 533,762 703,022 694,018 327,387 703,022 366,631 104378°— 19 10 MAJNUFACTUKl^JIS. During 1916 the shipbuilding industry gave employ- ment to 72,497 wage earners, as compared with 44,489, in 1914. In 1916 the North Atlantic division reported 45.1 per cent of the total number of wage earners; the South Atlantic, 19.1 per cent; the Pacific, 16.4 per cent; and the Great Lakes, 12.4 per cent. Nearly 80 per cent of the wage earners were engaged in the construction and repair of steel vessels. Table 7 shows the number of shipbuilding establish- ments in the United States for 1916 and 1914, dis- tributed according to the geographic divisions, states, and by coast divisions and inland waters. A number of the states reported establishments classified in two or more of the water divisions. For example, Louisiana reported estabhshments classified in the "Gulf," "Mississippi River and its tributaries," and "Other inland waters"; and Pennsylvania re- ported establishments classified in the "North At- lantic," "Great Lakes," "Mississippi River and its tributaries," and "Other inland waters" divisions. Table 7 t». NUMBER Of ESTABLISHMENTS. GEOGRAPmC DIVlSIOJt AND STATE. Census year. NtTMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS. 1 1 Coast divisions. Inland waters. 1 CQ 1 •a Coast divisions. Inland waters. GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION AND STATE, i < 1 1 < u t. •a 1 o > s .s-s 1 O 1 5 1 1 > 11 o 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1915 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1,137 1,147 240 252 459 485 126 115 90 S4 133 137 131 142 101 75 97 109 South Atlantic 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 176 169 9 8 126 115 33 40 7 5 1 1 218 231 1 22 21 9 8 50 42 2 2 30 29 7 5 12 11 2 2 7 4 57 66 47 30 9 8 New England Maryland 49 41 2 2 30 29 1 100 107 6 7 4 2 85 84 14 15 31 37 306 325 89 97 11 10 6 7 4 2 1 2 District of Colum- bia. 1 Maine New Hampshire . . . West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Vermont ,. 7 6 Massachusetts 84 82 14 15 31 37 232 246 ••■•• "12' 11 2 2 7 4 24 26 Rhode Island 1 Connecticut Florida.. 1 39 44 10 10 25 25 33 40 21 16 1 Middle Atlantic East South Central _ 26 13 ] New York 200 207 76 85 30 33 145 156 142 144 74 83 16 19 37 40 21 23 2 2 2 23 33 ^^ 3 1 2 3 3 5 8 13 17 19 24 1 17 11 4 3 8 4 18 12 44 31 4 17 10 4 3 1 New Jersey 1 Pennsylvania 2 4 89 95 10 10 33 28 7 4 14 12 36 28 East North Central 4 West South Central. . . . 3 1 Ohio 32 29 10 9 18 22 55 62 30 34 44 45 15 17 16 9 9 7 6 10 ""2 2 22 18 5 3 Indiana 4 Illinois 9 9 50 54 15 15 3 3 26 17 14 14 2 ' 2 22 14 14 14 3 1 I Michigan Wisconsin ? Idaho 2 West North Central 2 2 133 137 57 64 26 21 60 52 2 Pacific 2 133 1,37 2S 30 10 11 5 3 1 1 3 3 10 8 6 7 5 2 1 1 15 19 4 4 ""i Minnesota Washington Iowa 57 64 26 21 50 62 California South Dakota j 1 1 1 1 In 1916 the North Atlantic division contained 40.4 per cent of all the shipbuilding plants in the United States as compared with 42.3 per cent in 1914, a decrease of 26 establishments in two years. The Mississippi division shows the largest relative increase in the number of shipbuilding plants, amounting to 26, or 34.7 per cent. There was also an increase of 9.6 per cent and 7.1 per cent in the number of estab- lishments in the South Atlantic and Gulf divisions, respectively, between 1914 and 1916. In the other three divisions, the number of establishments shows an aggregate loss of 27 plants. Persons engaged in the industry. — Table 8 shows, for 1916, 1914, and 1909, the number of persons engaged in the industry as a whole and in the two main branches, classified according to occupational status and sex, and, in the case of wage earners, according to age. It should be borne in mind that the sex and age classification is an estimate obtained by the method described in the "Explanation of terms." SHIPBUILDING. 11 Table 8 INDUSTRY AND CLAS.S. SHIPBUILDINQ, INCLCDINQ BOAT BUILDINa. Proprietors and officials Proprietors and firm members . . Salaried oflicers of corporations. Sui)erlntendents and managers . Clerks and other subordinate sala- ried employees. * Wage earners (average number) 16 years of age and over Under 16 years of age SHIPBtnLDINa, STEEL Proprietors and ofBcials Proprietors and firm members. . . Salaried officers of corporations. . Superintendents and managers. . Cen- sus year. 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 UI14 1909 1916 1914 1909 1918 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE INDUSTRY. Total. 78,333 48,667 44,949 2,653 2,187 2,471 1,103 1,192 1,463 399 323 367 1,151 672 641 3,183 1,991 1,973 72,497 44,489 40, .506 72,097 44, 288 40,135 400 201 371 59,802 35, 664 30,041 1,007 585 491 35 24 21 194 166 122 778 395 348 Male. Fe- male. 77,802 48,314 44,597 2,605 2,154 2,447 1,062 1,163 1,440 394 320 386 1,149 671 641 2,818 1,765 1,706 72,379 44,395 40, 444 71,979 44, 195 40, 073 400 200 371 59,476 35, 470 29,890 1,003 S82 491 33 22 21 193 165 122 777 395 348 531 353 352 365 226 266 118 94 62 118 93 326 194 151 Per cent of total. Male. 99.3 99.3 99.2 98.2 98.5 99.0 96.3 97.6 98.4 98.7 99.1 99.7 99.8 99.9 100.0 88.5 88.8 86.5 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.8 100.0 99.5 'o.h 100.0 99.5 0.5 99.5 0.5 99.5 0.5 99.6 0.4 99.5 0.5 100.0 94.3 5.7 91.7 8.3 100.0 99.5 0.5 99.4 0.6 100.0 99.9 0.1 100.0 100.0 Fe- male. 0.7 0.7 0.8 1.8 1.5 1.0 3.7 2.4 1.6 1.3 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.1 11.5 11.4 13.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 2 0.2 LNDUSIBY AND CLASS. smpBHiLDiNG, STEEL— continued. Clerics and otiier subordinate sala- ried employees. Wage earners (average number) 16 years of age and over Under 16 years of age , SmPBtnLDING, WOODEN, IN- CLUDING BOAT BUILDING. Proprietors and officials Proprietors and firm members . . . Salaried offlcers of corporations. . Superintendents and managers. . Clerks and other subordinate sala- ried employees. Wage earners (average number) 16 years of age and over Under 16 years of age Cen- sus year. 1918 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1918 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE INDUSTRY. Total. 2,558 1,571 1,407 56,237 33,508 28,143 55,859 33,323 27,794 378 185 349 18,531 13,003 14,908 1,646 1,602 1,980 1,068 1,168 1,442 205 157 245 373 277 293 625 420 665 16,260 10, 981 12,363 16,238 10,965 12,341 24 16 22 Male. 2,335 1,447 1,302 56,138 33,441 28,097 55,760 33,257 27,748 378 184 349 18,326 12,844 14,707 1,602 1,572 1,956 1,029 1,141 1,419 201 155 244 372 276 293 483 318 404 16, 241 10,954 12,347 16,217 10,938 12,325 24 16 22 Fe- male. 223 124 105 99 67 46 46 205 159 201 142 102 161 19 27 18 19 27 16 Per cent of total. Male. 91.3 92.1 92.5 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.8 100.0 99.5 100.0 98.9 98.8 98.7 97.3 98.1 98.8 96.3 97.7 98.4 98.0 98.7 99.6 99.7 99.6 loao 77.3 75.7 71.5 99.9 99.8 99.9 99.9 99.8 99. « 100.0 100.0 100.0 Fe- male. a? 7.9 7.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.1 1.2 1.3 2.7 1.9 1.2 3.7 2.3 1.6 2.0 1.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 22.7 24.3 28.5 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 The average number of persons engaged in the industry as a whole during 1916 was 78,333 as com- pared with 48,667 in 1914 and 44,949 in 1909. Of these persons in 1916, 72,497, or 92.5 per cent, were wage earners; 2,653, or 3.4 per cent, proprietors and officials; and 3,183, or 4.1 per cent, clerks and other subordinate salaried employees. Of the total number of persons employed, 77,802, or 99.3 per cent, were males, and 531, or seven-tenths of 1 per cent, females. Most of the females were clerks, only 118 being wage earners. The average number of boys under 16 years of age was 400, and nearly all of these were employed in steel shipbuilding. The greater prevalence of individual ownership in the wooden ship and boat building branch of the industry is shown by the fact that 5.8 per cent of the persons engaged were pro- prietors and firm members, while less than 1 per cent of the persons engaged in the steel branch of the Industry belong to this class. Table 9 shows the per cent of increase in the num- ber of persons engaged in the industry, by occupa- tional status and sex, for the periods 1909-1914 and 1914-1916, together with the, per cent distribution for the three censuses. Table 9 PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE INDUSTRY. CLASS. Per cent of increase.' Per cent distributiSn. 1914-1916 1909-1914 Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 AllcMs'^PS 61.0 61.0 50.4 8.3 8.3 0.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Proprietors and officials 21.3 -7.5 23.5 71.3 59.9 63.0 62.8 99.0 20.9 -8.7 23.1 71.2 59.7 63.0 62.9 100.0 61.5 -11.5 -18.5 -12.0 4.8 1.0 9.8 10.3 -45.8 -12.0 -19.2 -12.6 4.7 3.5 9.8 10. 3 -46.1 -15.0 3.3 1.4 0.5 1.5 4.1 92.5 92.0 0.5 4.5 2.4 0.7 1.4 4.1 91.4 91.0 0.4 5.5 3.3 0.8 1.4 4.4 90.1 89.3 0.8 3.4 1.' 0.5 1.5 3.6 93.0 92.5 0.5 4.5 2.4 0.7 1.4 3.6 91.9 91.5 0.4 5.5 3.2 0.8 1.5 3.8 90.7 89.9 0.8 9.0 7.7 0.9 0.4 68.7 22.2 22.2 9.3 8.2 0.8 0.3 64.0 26.6 26.3 0.3 6.8 6.5 0.3 75.6 17.6 17.6 Proprietors iind firm members Salaried officers of corporations Superintendents and managers Clerks and other subordinate salaried em- Wage earners (average number) Under 16 years of age ' A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease; percentages are omitted where base Is less than 100. 12 MANUFACTURES. The total number of persons engaged in the industry increased by 29,666, .or 61 per cent, during the two- year period 1914-1916, as compared with an increase of only 3,718, or 8.3 per cent, for the five-year period 1909-1914. The only class of persons employed which showed a decrease between 1914 and 1916 was proprietors and firm members, which decreased 7.5 per cent. The nmnber of salaried officers of corporations and of superintendents and managers increased 23.5 per cent and 71.3 per cent, respectively, indicating an increase in the size of the establishments though the number of these decreased between 1914 and 1916. Wage earners 16 years of age and over represented 92 per cent of the total number of persons engaged in ship- building in 1916, 91 per cent in 1914, and 89.3 per cent in 1909. Though the mmiber of wage earners under 16 years of age almost doubled between 1914 and 1916, they represented only five- tenths of 1 per cent of the total number of wage earners in 1916, four-tenths of 1 per cent in 1914, and eight-tenths of 1 per cent in 1909. Wage earners employed, by months. — Table 10 pre- sents the total number of wage earners employed in the shipbuilding industry on the 15th of each month, or the nearest representative day, for 1916, 1914, and 1909, and the average number employed during each month in 1904, together with the percentage which the number reported for each month forms of the greatest number reported for any month. In 1916 the maximum number employed in the entire industry was 85,928 in December; in 1914, 49,567 in May; and in 1909 and 1904, 42,256 and 53,975, respectively, in April. The month of mini- mum employment was January in both 1916 and 1904; November, in 1914; and February, in 1909. For the steel shipbuilding branch the maximum nxunber was employed in March in 1914, in December in 1909, and in April in 1904, while for the wooden ship and boat budding branch of the industry for these years. May and .Tune were the months of maxi- mum employment. For_ these census years there was no general trend from the season of minimum employment to that of maximum, but for 1916, the maximum month of employment for the industry and the two branches was December, and an almost steady increase in the number employed is shown from the month of January to December. This fact is un- doubtedly due to the great acceleration in the ship- building industry due to the war. Table 10 INDUSTBT AND MONTH. SHIPBUILDtNO, INCLUD- ING BOAT BUILDINa. January . . . February . . March April May June July August September. October November . December. . WAGE EARNERS IN THE INDUSTRY. Nomber.i 1916 1914 1909 1901 SHIPBOTLDINQ, STEEL. January February March April May June July August September October November December smPBuiLDmo, WOODEN, INCLUDINQ BOAT BOTLDINQ. January... February . . March April May June July August September. October November . , December. . 47,087 48,674 51,376 52,633 53,809 55,944 55,659 57.257 59,565 61, 756 64,804 66,399 12,346 12,941 13,406 15, 168 16, 348 17,307 17,129 17,002 17,504 17,525 18, 796 19,529 36,262 35, 435 36,788 36,636 36, 773 36, 222 34,822 32,967 29,808 28, 743 28, 107 29,533 10,776 10,341 11,746 12,305 12, 794 12,388 11,342 10,639 10,062 10, 419 9,736 9,224 27,831 26,279 27,299 28, 641 28, 445 27, 623 26, 927 26, 823 28, 435 29,415 29, 449 30,545 10,685 11,286 12,623 13, 615 13,799 14,067 13,263 12,326 11,848 11,736 11,574 11,530 36,544 36,203 36,687 38,-255 37,053 36, 820 36, 350 36,384 36, 523 36,712 36,651 36, 722 10,932 11,587 13, 295 15, 720 16, 891 16,785 15, 791 15,253 14.691 13,497 12,329 11,393 Per cent o£ maximum. 1916 1914 1909 1904 69.2 71.7 75.4 78.9 81.6 85.2 84.7 86.4 89.7 92.3 97.3 100.0 70.9 73.3 77.4 79.3 81.0 84.3 83.8 86.2 89.7 93.0 97.6 100.0 63.2 66.3 68.6 77.7 83.7 88.6 87.7 87.1 89.6 89.7 96.2 100.0 94 9 92.4 97.9 98.7 100.0 98.1 93.1 88.0 80.4 79.0 76.3 78.2 96.3 100.0 99.6 99.9 98.5 94.7 89.6 81.0 78.1 76.4 80.3 84.2 80.8 91.8 96.2 100.0 96.8 88.7 83.2 78.8 81.4 76.1 7!!.l 91.1 88.9 94.5 100.0 99.9 98.7 95.1 92.6 95.3 97.4 97.1 99.6 91.1 86.0 89.4 93.8 93.1 90.4 88.2 87.8 93.1 96.3 96.4 100.0 76.0 80.2 89.7 96.8 98.1 100.0 94.3 87.6 84.2 83.4 82.3 82.0 88.0 88.5 92.6 100.0 99.9 99.3 96.6 95.7 94.9 93.0 90.7 89.1 95.5 94.6 95.9 100.0 96.9 96.2 95.0 95.1 95.5 96.0 95.8 96.0 64.7 68.6 78.7 93.1 100.0 99.3 93.5 90.3 87.0 79.9 73.0 67.4 ' The figures for 1916, 1914, and 1909 represent the number employed on the 15th of each month, or the nearest representative day; those for 1904, the average number employed during the month. Table 11 gives the total average number of wage earners, and the number employed on the 15th of each month, or the nearest representative day, for the shipbuilding industry as a whole and for each of its branches, for 1916 and 1914. The table also shows for both years corresponding numbers for each state reporting 500 or more wage earners in 1916. In 1914, the month of maximum employment in 13 of the 20 states shown in the table was a spring or early summer month or during the period from March to June, while in 1916 the month of greatest activity in 15 of the 20 states was in the latter part of the year — namely, from September to the end of the year. This again reflects war conditions in 1916. New York, which ranked first in number of wage earners employed in 1916, showed December as the month of maximmn employment; New Jersey, which SHIPBUILDING. 13 ranked second, and California, fourth, also re- ported the largest number employed in December. Virginia, which ranked third, showed the maximum nvmaber for March. In 1914, the maximum number for New York was employed in May ; for New Jersey, in June ; for California and Virginia, in January. Table 11 mCUSIBY AND STATE. United States Shipbuilding, steel Shipbuilding, wooden, including boat building. Alabama CalUomla Connecticut Delaware Florida Illinois Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan New Jersey New York Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island Virginia Washington Wisconsin Census year. 1918 1914 1916 1914 1918 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 Aver- age number em- ployed during year. WAGE r.ABNERS: 1918 AND 1914. [The month ol maximum employment is indicated by boldface figures and that of minimum by italic figures. J 72,497 44,489 56,237 33,508 16,280 10,981 Number employed on 15th day ol the month or nearest representative day. Janu- ary. S9,4SS 47,038 47;087 36, 262 IS, si,e 10, 776 Febru- ary. 61,616 45, 778 48, 674 35, 433 12,941 10, 341 541 464 S8B 433 7,113 3,457 4,951 3,917 1,312 514 976 406 1,938 784 1,948 771 1,172 489 1,018 540 698 418 527 557 1,306 666 893 880 1,857 1,122 1,481 1,101 5,328 2,468 4,999 2,651 4,373 3,944 4,925 3,890 2,225 1,261 2,057 1,023 7,777 8,324 e,t29 6,291 9,928 6,076 7,909 6,475 S,059 2,879 4,oos 3,175 1,003 164 SOO 163 6,440 4,773 s.ose 5,261 618 581 616 544 7,222 4,846 7,068 5,456 3,744 1,414 1,890 1,649 1,250 895 866 623 493 453 5,703 3,759 4oe 1,909 779 954 483 605 595 994 913 1,487 1,139 4,47S 2,2?1 4,483 3,818 2,143 1,301 8,546 6,190 8,381 5,706 4,573 3,431 500 209 5,348 4,668 722 7,401 6,381 1,710 1,717 993 730 March. 64,782 48, 634 61,376 36, 788 13,406 11, 746 534 535 5,865 3,715 977 471 1,822 918 9S4 503 618 513 971 904 1,572 1,338 5,040 2,535 4,422 4,394 2,482 1,562 7,078 6,324 8,528 8,359 4,800 3,566 476 224 5,751 5,045 727 737 7,570 6,002 2,184 1,663 1,153 947 April. 67,801 48, 941 52,633 36,636 15, 108 12,303 422 445 6,763 '3,360 1,096 559 2,066 976 1,072 485 626 620 794 741 1,699 1,341 5,280 2,407 4,605 4,436 2,869 1,745 7.256 6,623 9,649 6,812 5,079 3,443 472 197 5,189 3,321 739 719 7,514 4,828 2,236 1,698 1,174 1,016 May. 70, 167 49,567 5.3, 809 36,773 16,348 12,794 395 480 6,285 3,333 1,095 594 2,072 966 1,070 313 517 422 1,063 684 1,756 1,333 5,211 2,439 4,308 4,537 2,748 1,783 8,053 6,790 10, 171 7,078 4,998 3,209 564 209 6,238 6,629 704 762 7, 659 4,956 2,546 1,639 1,218 1,048 June. 73,251 48,610 35,944 36,222 17,307 12,388 510 612 7,101 3,739 1,083 574 2,126 928 1,097 451 516 396 616 1,818 1,157 6,281 2,618 4,489 4,709 2,921 1,660 7,632 6,827 10,461 6,832 5,328 2,832 738 186 8,640 5,710 794 649 7,269 4,853 3,160 1,474 1,310 919 July. August. 72,788 46,164 65,669 34, 822 17,129 11,342 463 431 7,180 3,647 1,567 560 1,US 1,262 4I6 667 411 1,435 642 1,866 1,155 5,426 2,681 4,244 4,472 1,804 1,430 7,897 6,687 10,523 5,988 5,403 2,890 797 156 3,180 473 314 6,954 4,949 3,408 1,373 1,353 691 74,259 43,606 57,257 32,967 17,002 10, 639 640 521 7,433 3,010 1,588 538 1,255 473 BOO 332 1,486 704 1,979 1,160 5,224 2,638 4,173 4,115 1,872 1,349 7,947 6,259 10,220 5,689 5,412 2,752 1,031 147 7,154 4,938 467 481 7,166 4,961 3.941 1,271 1,336 613 Sep- tember. 77,069 39, 870 59,565 29,808 17,504 10,062 582 462 7, 875 S,00o 1,562 543 2,258 653 1,263 434 383 261 1,563 487 1,990 1,068 3,639 2,489 4,079 3,158 1,939 1,148 8,081 6,911 10,424 S,SS9 6,298 2,444 1,374 127 7,169 4,367 501 500 6,921 4,728 4,825 1,273 1,314 SSS Octo- ber. 79, 281 39, 162 61,756 28,743 17,625 10, 419 530 7,953 3,111 1,487 517 2,037 671 1,272 604 713 292 1,674 496 2,123 970 6,007 2,433 4,024 2,968 1,784 903 8,536 3,958 10,493 5,733 5,259 2,077 1,638 122 7,419 4,019 320 474 8,788 4,539 3,532 1,182 1,433 517 Novem- ber. 83,600 S7,843 64,804 28,107 18,796 9,736 747 S7S 9,026 3,239 1,741 507 1,883 588 1,416 526 667 260 1,639 4S0 2,192 6,805 2,263 4,266 3,244 1,896 796 8,788 5,926 10, 959 5,646 5,198 2,078 2,002 141 7,226 3,624 551 482 7,071 4,298 6,839 1,126 1,571 457 Decem- ber. 85,928 38, 757 66, 399 29,633 19,529 9,224 762 403 9,240 3,727 1,703 507 2,001 S47 1,459 430 737 446 1,898 475 2,341 8S4 5,627 2,171 4,568 3,587 2,172 4S1 8,981 8,092 11,516 3,635 6,389 2,633 2,171 107 7,180 S,S14 578 4S0 7,384 4,218 6,668 1,255 1,479 501 Per cent mini- mum is of maxi- mum. 69.2 76.3 70.9 76.4 63.2 72.1 50.5 69.7 53.6 78.7 52.2 67.7 64.1 £6.0 64.0 68.9 67.8 43.7 41.8 49. 3 62.4 63.7 74.5 81.0 81.7 63.0 61.1 24.2 72.7 86.7 68.7 76.7 74.0 58.2 13.8 47.8 68.5 61.5 58.8 56.4 89.7 77.3 25.0 65.6 42.4 34.0 Prevailing hours of labor. — In Table 12 the wage earners in the industry as a whole, in 1914 and 1909, have been classified according to the number of hours of labor per week prevailing in the establishments in which they were employed. In making this classifi- cation the average number of wage earners employed during the year in each establishment was classified as a total according to the hours prevailing in that establishment, even though a few employees worked a greater or smaller number of hours. Figures for 1916 were not obtained. 14 MANUFACTURES. Table 12 IKDUSTEY AND STATE. United States Shipbuilding, steel Shipbuilding, wooden, Includ- ing boat build- ing. California Connecticut — Delan'are Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts. Michigan New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania. Khode Island. . Virginia Washington... Wisconsin Cen- sus year. 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 AVEBAOE NUMDF.E OF WAGE EAENERS. Total. 44,489 40,506 33,508 28,143 10,981 12,363 3,457 1,844 514 427 784 1,239 666 374 1,122 1,755 2,468 1,793 3,944 3,604 1,261 2,344 6,324 4,869 6,076 5,644 2,879 3,200 4,773 3,558 581 535 4,846 5,382 1,444 744 14,730 3,865 In establishment where the prevailing hours 01 labor per week were— 48 and imder. 11,928 1,758 2,802 2,107 649 185 74 3,130 94 5,065 150 877 2,271 9 3 344 378 Be- tween 4S and 54. 7,638 2,674 6,881 1,811 777 863 3,035 228 i.'iii' 252 4 37 23 8 5 6 33 39 3 1,378 32 333 170 30 3 652 191 1,009 11 16 4,111 156 54. 12,320 9,883 6,900 4,188 5,420 5,695 1 1 1 u 13 1 4 351 272 2 45 4 7 61 400 209 266 746 1,159 326 258 199 179 678 464 463 658 730 85 1,278 3,725 2,000 327 131 163 143 578 512 405 259 1,085 452 554 501 Be- tween 54 and 60. 1,524 10,045 7,771 14,038 928 8,810 596 1,235 6,393 11,576 1,378 2,462 72 7 116 i ■■"56 25 30 110 87 83 60 1,265 91 1,056 7 2,673 14 1,093 1 340 173 160 794 375 118 2,842 60. Be- tween 60 and 72. 175 138 167 389 1,161 35 2,910 287 331 1,738 2,675 37 39 1 22 4,422 5,095 8 18 73 368 506 1 301 137 The figures in this table emphasize the tendency toward the shortening of the working-day of wage earners. During the year 1909 only 40.5 per cent of the total ilumber of wage earners worked in establish- ments where the prevailing hours were 54 or less per week, while during 1914, 78 per cent worked in estab- lishments where these hours prevailed. The largest number of wage earners employed by any one group of establishments in 1909 was 14,038, or 34.7 per cent of the entire number employed in those establishments which operated 60 hours per week. In 1914 the largest number, practically the same proportion (33.1 per cent), were employed in establishments operating 48 hours or fewer per week. Some of the states display even more remarkable changes. In the state of Maine, in 1909, 1.7 per cent of the wage earners worked less than 54 hours per week, while by 1914 the proportion employed less than 54 hours had increased to 61.3 per cent. In Maryland wage earners in establishments operating less than 54 hours increased from 5.9 per cent of the entire number in 1909 to 63.3 per cent in 1914; in Massachusetts, from 7.3 per cent to 87.8 per cent; in New Jersey, from 7 per cent to 90.4 per cent; and in Pennsylvania, from 15 per cent to 93.3 per cent. Maine, which in 1909 reported 88.1 per cent of the wage earners as working more than 54 hours per week, in 1914 reported only 20.9 per cent as being employed that length of time; for Maryland corresponding per- centages were 68.2 per cent in 1909 and 9.2 per cent in 1914; for Massachusetts, 74.4 and five- tenths of 1 per cent; for New Jersey, 66.7 per cent and six-tenths of 1 per cent; and for Pennsylvania, 81 and 3.2 per cent. In 1909 the prevailing hours of labor in Cali- fornia were between 48 and 54 hours per week; in 1914, 48 hours and under. Character of ownership. — Table 13 presents statistics concerning the character of ownership or legal organi- zation of establishments in the shipbuilding industry for 1914 and 1909. The shipbuilding and boat-building plants owned by corporations represented 27.3 per cent of the total number of establishments in 1916 as against 21.1 per cent in 1914, and 18.3 per cent in 1909. Corporations reported, for 1916, 91.6 per cent of the total average number of wage earners, and 92.2 per cent of the total value of products, and the corresponding percentages for 1914 were 89.8 and 89.1, respectively. In all the states shown in the table, except Ohio and Washington, the nmnber of estabhshments owned individually formed the largest class, both in 1916 and in 1914, but as in the United States as a whole, the corporations were the most important. In Michigan, during 1914, the establishments under corporate ownership gave employment to a fraction less than 75 per cent of the total average number of wage earners, but in 1916 the percentage thus employed increased to nearly 77 per cent. In all of the other states, both in 1916 and 1914, the corporations employed more than 75 per cent of the wage earners, and in California, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island the proportion of wage earners em- ployed imder the corporate form of ownership exceeded 90 per cent in both years. The largest increase in the proportion of wage earners employed by corporations was in the state of Washington, the increase being from 85.5 per cent in 1914 to 95.6 per cent in 1916. Maine was the only state showing a decrease from 1914 to 1916 in the proportion of the value of products of establishments under corporate ownership. All the states in the table, however, showed that corporations produced over 75 per cent of the total value of prod- ucts, and California, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island showed a production exceeding 90 per cent for both SHIPBUILDING. 15 years. Washington, which showed the largest in- crease in the proportion of wage earners employed by corporations, also showed the largest increase in the proportion of total value of products, the increase being from 82.3 per cent in 1914 to 96.1 per cent in 1916. TaMelS INDUSTRY AND BTATE. United States., Shipbuilding, steel. . ShipbulldlnK, wood- en, including boat building. California Connecticut Louisiana Maine , Maryland , Massachusetts Michigan New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island Washington Wisconsin Cen- sus year. 191R 1914 1909 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 NTJMBEB OF ESTABUSUMENTS OWNED BY— Indi- vid- uals. 630 695 824 "IT 7 619 688 23 116 129 Cor- pora- 310 242 247 223 178 All oth- ers. AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNER.S. Total. 72,497 44,489 40,506 5«, 236 33,508 16,261 10,981 7,113 3,457 1,312 614 1,306 1,8.57 1,122 5,326 2,468 4,373 3,944 2,225 1,281 7,777 6,324 9,928 6,076 S,a59 2,879 6,440 4,773 616 581 3,744 1,444 1,250 695 In e.stabllshraents owned by — Indi- vid- uals. 3,647 2,666 3,660 618 189 3,029 2,477 404 203 ■100 49 163 95 259 168 202 139 asi 175 160 148 830 697 123 131 Cor- pora- tions. 66,442 39,967 34,475 55, 244 33,019 11, 198 6,948 6,623 3,171 1,212 460 1,171 534 1,452 893 4,879 2,126 4,115 3,750 1,712 940 7,495 6,095 8,527 4,935 4,989 2,769 6,282 4,531 567 535 3,581 1,234 1,157 606 AU oth- ers. 2,408 1,8.56 2,371 374 300 2,034 1,5.56 242 134 188 174 132 146 122 81 571 444 35 111 114 115 Per cent of total. Indi- vid- uals. 5.0 6.0 9.0 1.1 0.0 18.6 22.6 5.7 5.9 7.6 9.5 5.7 6.8 8.8 8.5 4.9 4.6 3.5 17.1 13.9 2.1 2.3 8.4 11.5 0.7 2.6 1.9 2.7 7.1 7.4 1.3 1.8 3.5 Cor- pora- tions. 91.6 89.8 85.1 98.2 98.5 68.9 63.3 93.1 91.7 92.4 89.5 89.7 80.2 78.1 79.6 91.6 86.1 94.1 95.1 76.9 74.5 96.4 96.4 85.9 81.2 98.6 96.2 97.5 94.9 92.0 92.1 95.6 85.5 92.6 87.2 All otli- ers. 3.3 4.2 5.9 0.7 0.9 12.5 14.2 1.2 2.4 1.0 4.7 13.1 13.0 11.9 3.5 7.1 1.3 1.4 5.9 11.6 1.6 1.3 5.7 7.3 0.7 1.3 0.5 2.3 0.8 0.5 3.0 8.0 5.6 9.4 VALXm OF PBODtTCTS. Total. 41,233,081 22,465,379 19,777,911 8,104,033 6,217,274 1,665,293 2,606,767 1,080,319 4,882,131 2,482,618 12,205,557 4,521,169 12,18.5,3.54 8,627,481 5, 637, 1C8 2,822,557 20,311,529 11,860,965 31,357,645 14, 195, 298 12,160,007 4,716,787 16,816,071 9,639,865 1,523,614 1,209,372 10,829,812 3,101,446 3,826,847 1,254,088 Of establishments owned by- Individ- uals. l,420,6«t 434,942 7,428,918 5, 163, 677 1,530,807 550,871 I 163, 835 98,255 127,836 31,580 475, 171 190,833 483,147 254,161 440,007 330,618 679,570 336,488 322,038 331,988 2,326,178 1,619,349 83,976 105,840 282, 145 275,820 88,770 80,807 , 118,980 273,265 40,019 50,202 Corpora- tions. 142,2.55,944 64,973,326 29, 105, 323 14,072,706 18,036,821 7,350,730 6,093,439 1,553,918 2,395,786 956,732 3,797,229 2,007,196 11,268,684 3,919,507 11,573,772 8,139,590 4,620,709 2, 134, 864 19,7.51,940 11,333,679 27,394,616 11,433,607 12,009,771 4,537,147 16,397,417 9,084,585 1,421,910 1,116,634 10,408,725 2,551,020 3,649,285 1,099,122 All others. $.5,641,346 4,037,420 4,917,433 942, .506 808,424 4, 698, 840 3,228,996 210,283 202,432 13,120 83,145 92,007 609,731 284,489 453,728 347,501 171,575 157,273 336,824 351,205 237,551 195,298 1,636,851 1,142,342 66,260 73,800 136,509 179,460 14,934 11,931 304,107 277, 161 137,543 104,784 Per cent of total. Indi- vid- uals. 4.8 «.3 9.3 1.0 0.7 18.0 23.0 7.7 6.8 2.6 5.9 4.9 2.9 9.7 7.7 4.0 5.6 3.6 3.8 12.1 11.9 1.6 2.8 7.4 11.4 0.7 2.2 1.7 2.9 5.7 6.7 1.1 8.8 1.0 4.0 Cor- pora- 92.2 89.1 84.0 70.6 62.6 91.2 90.7 97.4 93.3 91.9 88.6 77.8 80.9 92.3 86.7 95.0 94.3 82.0 75.6 97.2 95.6 87.4 80.5 96.2 97.5 96.2 93.3 92.3 96.1 $2.3 95.4 87.6 AU oth- ers. 3.0 4.6 6.7 "Ti 1.2 11.4 14.4 1.1 2.5 0.8 3.2 8.5 12.8 11. S 3.7 7.7 1.4 1.8 5.9 12.4 1.3 1.8 5.2 8.0 0.5 1.6 0.8 1.9 1.0 1.0 2.8 8.9 3.6 8.4 ' Includes the group "All others.' Classiflcation according to size. — The tendency of the industry to become concentrated in large estab- lishments is indicated by the statistics given in Table 14. Table 14 VALUE OF PRODUCT. All cl:isse3 .... Less than S.i,000 15,000 to 120,000 »20,000 to 5100,000... tl00,000 to 51,000,000 $1,000,000 and over.. Census year. 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 Num- ber of estaiv lish- ments. 1,137 1,147 1,353 461 649 682 300 314 301 197 182 218 144 87 78 35 15 14 Aver- age num- ber of wage earners. 72, 497 44,489 40,606 Value of products. $185, 852, 192 88,682,071 73,360,315 472 668 724 1,764 1,669 2,147 4,364 4,102 5,422 16,827 11,581 10,560 49,070 26,519 21,603 1,019,222 1,199,088 1,534,941 3,101,970 3,21(1,529 3,688,013 9,006,099 7,910,338 9,388,497 42,396,128 25,230,918 21,143,086 130,328,773 51,118,578 37,605,778 Value added by manu- facture. $96,583,362 50,085,101 42,145,957 eS2, 718 822, 80!i 1,032,169 2,015,011 2, OiiC, 431 2,325,787 5, 132, 024 4,442,517 5, 538, 002 22,343,535 15, 108, 403 12,602,776 66,410,074 27,644,944 20,647,223 VALUE OF PRODUCT. Per cent distribution: Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $20.000 $20,000 to $100,000... $100,000 to $1,000,000 $1,000,000 and over. . Census year. 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 40.5 47.9 50.4 26.4 27.4 26.7 17.3 15.9 16.1 12.7 7.6 5.8 3.1 1.3 1.0 Aver- age num- ber of wage earners. 0.7 1.3 1.8 2.4 3.8 5.3 6.0 9.4 13.4 23.2 26.0 26.0 67.7 59.6 63.5 Value of products. 0.6 1.4 2.1 1.7 3.6 5.0 4.8 8.9 12.8 22.8 28.5 28.8 70.1 67.6 61.3 Value added by manu- facture. 0.7 1.6 2.4 2.1 4.1 5.5 5.3 8.9 13.1 23.1 30.2 29.9 68.8 55.2 49.0 16 MANUFACTURES. Though there was an actual decrease in the munber of estabhshments, the shipbuilding industry shows decided growth between 1914 and 1916 due almost entirely to the increased number and business of the large plants. The great bulk of the value of the prod- ucts, 70.1 per cent in 1916, was reported by estab- lishments whose product was valued at $1,000,000 or more, a much larger proportion than in 1914 when establishments of this size reported 57.6 per cent of the entire value of product for the industry. Establish- ments reporting a product of less than $5,000 and between $5,000 and $20,000 decreased both numeri- cally and in importance between 1909 and 1916. "While there was an increase between 1914 and 1916 in the number of estabhshments shown for the classes reporting a value of product between $20,000 and $100,000 and between $100,000 and $1,000,000, the proportions contributed by each of these to the totals for the industry decreased for each of the items shown. The average value of products per estab- lishment in the United States increased from $64,220 in 1909 to $77,317 in 1914, and $163,458 in 1916. Classification by number of wage earners. — Table 15 shows the size of estabhshments in the industry in 1916, 1914, and 1909, as measured by the number of wage earners employed, for the industry as a whole, for each branch separately, and for the 20 leading states in the industry. Table IS mUUSTBT AND STATE. United States. Shipbuilding, steel. Shipbuilding, wooden , in- cluding boat building . Alabama California Connecticut... Delaware Florida Ullnois Louisiana..... Maine Maryland Massachusetts. Michigan New Jersey.... New York Ohio Oregon. Cen- sus year. 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 Estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average num- ber). 1,137 1,147 1,353 109 79 53 1,028 1,068 1,300 26 17 25 100 107 156 50 42 46 85 84 115 55 62 91 76 85 97 200 207 255 32 29 39 26 21 72,497 44, 489 40,506 56,236 33,508 28,143 16,261 10,981 12,363 541 464 7,113 3,457 1,844 1,312 514 427 1,938 784 1,239 1,172 418 1,306 666 374 1,857 1,122 1,755 6,326 2,468 1,793 4,373 3,944 3,604 2,225 1,261 2,344 7,777 6,324 4,869 9,928 6,076 5,644 5, aw 2,879 3,200 1,003 164 ESTABLISHMENTS EMPLOYING — No wage earn- ers. 146 170 192 145 170 192 lto5 wage earners. •a "J ■° 5 "a 485 602 711 4 4 2 481 598 709 41 57 76 103 121 10 13 13 11 9 Wage earn- ers. 1,024 1,334 1,456 1,008 1,325 1,447 90 23 21 21 76 95 125 55 27 43 101 128 184 59 84 95 76 84 116 143 225 264 22 27 27 20 IS 6 to 20 .wage earners. •a . ~ is CO O 1^ 230 194 257 12 11 4 218 183 253 Wage earn- ers. 2,371 2.157 2,841 151 137 53 2,220 2,020 2,788 40 137 190 124 61 48 126 24 6 24 160 108 91 X23 42 111 224 128 237 67 127 68 145 144 171 113 66 118 115 135 124 406 362 724 21 to 50 wage j3 a tsa 113 81 94 Wage earn- ers. 3,515 2,644 3,089 66S 369 227 2,947 2,275 2,862 49 236 137 133 34 54 56 25 25 53 178 31 40 76 92 109 205 143 227 435 281 321 143 82 148 76 137 65 70 187 206 544 600 44 .TO 154 147 54 51 to 100 wage Wage earn- ers. 5,095 2,966 3,632 1,182 763 611 3,913 2,203 3,021 157 78 146 98 73 270 151 205 114 149 133 238 117 154 66 132 63 81 120 2.'i6 315 312 399 335 1,273 708 934 249 128 108 172 60 101 to 250 wage earners. ■2 2 ^ a t«a w 20 Wage earn- C5 « SB 295 563 303 502 166 214 172 121 ISO 684 404 324 121 340 340 228 580 435 329 172 182 774 1,283 736 523 1,061 7.85 348 232 634 251 to 500 wage earners. Wage eam- X! c es « 7,690 4,138 3,355 6,614 -3,235 3,355 1,076 903 377 332 756 322 '484' 260 453 282 367 255 279 643 477 314 959 453 1,956 534 584 384 663 282 501 to 1,000 wage earners. Wage earn- ers. .2 "? as ^ 6,S02 5,337 4,311 5,937 4,747 4,311 665 S90 833 966 616 666 625 790 635 906 666 965 864 1,393 548 566 1,728 1,465 Over 1,000 wage earners. Wage earn- ers. 38,570 21.320 17,844 38, 570 21.320 17,844 4,820 1,999 1,389 1,049 4,285 1,372 1,001 3,062 3,074 2,652 4,875 3,882 2,859 3,529 1.525 1,642 3,731 1,074 SHIPBUILDING. 17 Table 16— Conttoned. Cen- sus year. TOTAL. ESTABLISHIIENTS EMPLOYDJO — INDUSTBT AND 8TATB. No wage eam- eis. ItoS wage earners. 6 to 20 wage earners. 21 to 60 wage earners. 81 to 100 wage earners. 101 to 250 wage earners. 251 to 500 wage earners. SOI to 1,000 wage earners. Over 1,000 wage earners. Estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average num- ber). £> a o a Is w Wage earn- ers. Wage earn- ers. is Wage earn- ers. So S| Wage earn- ers. Wage earn- ers. si Wage earn- ers. Wage earn- ers. I2 11 Wage earn- ers. 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 30 33 31 14 15 13 30 29 36 57 64 60 30 34 52 6,440 4,773 3,558 616 581 635 7,221 4,846 5,382 3,744 1,444 744 1,260 695 906 4 3 2 3 1 1 1 2 8 13 8 1 2 5 7 15 12 5 9 7 15 16 25 18 31 28 16 20 33 18 45 26 11 17 18 40 46 68 34 81 57 2S 33 .'i9 8 6 7 i 3 5 6 4 15 14 18 6 7 8 70 94 70 19 33 47 58 54 31 165 135 201 59 93 83 3 3 2 2 1 1 3 1 1 5 4 4 3 2 3 88 126 61 53 36 36 88 25 21 176 135 124 107 ■ 65 82 4 3 3 276 244 199 2 2 3 1 1 318 213 366 156 134 1 967 4,703 4,051 2,502 i 334 377 361 343 Bbode Island 1 2 3 3 6 1 1 2 1 91 113 219 197 470 75 75 194 98 Vlr^nla 3 1 341 103 6,581 4,399 5,065 1 695 Washington 3 353 951 1,018 287 862 264 Wisconsin 1 2 142 406 1 274 ■ Considering the "total for all states there were 146 establishments in operation during 1916 in which no wage earners were employed, as compared with 170 in 1914 and 192 in 1909. In some cases a few wage earners were employed for short periods, but the periods were so short and the numbers so small that in computing the average number as described in the "Explanation of terms," no wage earners could be shown. Of the total number of wage earners, 60,492, or 83.4 percent, in 1916; 35,388, or 79.5 per cent, in 1914; and 29,488, or 72.8 per cent, in 1909 were reported by estab- lishments which employed more than 100 wage earners. The most important group at each census was that comprising establishments which employed more than 1,000 wage earners. This group reported 53.2 per cent, 47.9 per cent, and 44.1 per cent of the total - number of wage earners in 1916, 1914, and 1909, re- spectively. It is noteworthy that of the establish- ments employing more than 1,000 wage earners in 1916, three were located in Ohio and two each in Mary- land, New Jersey, and New York, although the three largest were in California, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. The group of establishments which employed from one to five wage earners shows a decrease both in number of establishments and number of wage earners in 1916 as compared with 1914 and 1909. Each of the groups of establishments employing from 6 to 100 wage earners, increased both in number of establish- ments and in number of wage earners between 1914 and 1916, although these groups decreased between 1904 and 1914. The states showing the largest per- centage of increase between 1914 and 1916 in the num- ber of wage earners employed in the shipbuilding plants were Oregon, 511.6 per cent; Washington, 159.3 percent; Connecticut, 155.3 per cent; Delaware, 147.2 percent; Florida, 193.7 per cent; and Maryland, 115.8 per cent. 104378°— 19— .3 Engines and power. — Table 16 shows, for 1914, 1909, and 1904, for the industry, the number and horsepower of engines or motors employed in generating current (including electric motors operated by purchased current). It also shows separately the number and horsepower of electric motors operated by current generated in the establishments reporting. This information was not called for on the schedule for 1916. The total primary horsepower used in the shipbuild- ing and the boat-building industry increased 47.6 per cent between 1904 and 1914. Owned power shows a proportional decrease from 96.7 per cent in 1904 to 73.7 per cent in 1914, due to the relative increase of the use of rented electric power, which increased from 3 per cent in 1904 to 26.1 per cent in 1914. The pro- portion which the power generated by steam engines and turbines formed of the total oAvned primary power shows a decrease from 94.3 per cent in 1904 to 69 per cent in 1914. The use of power generated by internal- combustion engines shows a marked increase, from 2.3 per cent in 1904 to 4.6 per cent in 1914. The pro- portion of the power generated by water wheels, turbines, and motors did not differ from one cen- sus to another, the percentage of the total — one- tenth of 1 per cent — being the same for each census period. Rented power, which formed 3.3 per cent of the total power used in 1904, increased to 26.3 per cent of the total in 1914. Since the census of 1904, electricity has assumed an increasingly important place in the shipbuilding industry. The total horsepower of elec- tric motors in use in 1914 amounted to 66,275, a little over one-half of which represented the power of mo- tors nm by current generated in the establishments reporting. Table 37 shows for 1914 the amount of each of the several kinds of power iised in each of the states. 18 MANUFACTURES. Table 16 Primary power, total. Owned Steam engines and turbines • Internal-combustion engines Water wlieols, turbines, and motors . Bented Electric. . Other.... Electric Rented Generated by establisliments reporting NDMBEB or ENOmES OB MOTOBS. 1914 2,999 1,338 831 502 5 1,661 1,661 3,989 1,661 2,328 1909 1,960 1,416 991 420 5 644 544 2,266 544 1,722 1904 1,359 1,20() 1,015 182 9 153 153 1,290 153 1,137 HOESEPOWEB. Amomit. 1914 115,333 83,029 79,599 5,336 94 30, 304 30,085 219 66,275 30,085 36,190 1909 78, 769 75,180 3,503 9,294 9,264 30 35,334 9,264 26,070 1904 78,127 75,529 73,657 1,785 87 2,598 2,367 231 17, 030 2,367 15,263 Per cent distribution. 1914 100.0 73.7 69.0 4.6 0.1 26.3 20.1 0.2 100.0 45.4 54.6 1909 100.0 89.4 85. 4 4.0 0.1 10.6 10.6 (') 100.0 26.2 73.8 1904 100.0 96.7 94.3 2.3 0.1 3.3 3.0 0.3 100.0 13.4 86.6 ' Figures for horsepower include lor 1909 and 1904 the amount reported under the head of "other" owned power. ' Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. The states which, in 1914,ranked highest with respect to the amount of power used in the shipbuilding indus- try were New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Ohio in the order named. The total horsepower re- ported for these four states in 1914 was 48,963, or 42.5 per cent of the total for the United States. Although steam was the power most commonly used in all the states, New York and Pennsylvania reported more rented electric power than any other kind and New York also reported a large amount of power derived from internal-combustion engines. Fuel. — Table 17 shows for 1914 the kind and quan- tity of fuel used, for which data were obtained, for the industry as a whole and for 16 of the leading states. Bituminous coal was the principal fuel used in the shipbuilding industry, 251,820 tons being consumed in 1914. The largest amount was reported for New Jer- sey, which state also reported the largest consumption of anthracite coal. California reported 78,596 barrels of oil, or 63.9 per cent of the total quantity of this kind of fuel consumed in the industry, whUe Ohio reported 95.6 per cent of all the gas used. Table 1 7 United States. California Connecticut Delaware Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts . . Michigan New Jersey New Yorli Ohio Pennsylvania. . . Rhode Island... Virginia Washington Wisconsin Another states. SHIPBUILDING, INCLUDING BOAT BUrLDING: 1914. Coal. Anthra- cite (long tons). 13,441 15 91 512 4 19 481 326 19 6,179 4,255 64 140 5 49 1,125 Bitumi- nous (short tons). 251,820 175 2,227 7,209 740 4,871 19,677 28,652 22,594 36, 101 23,347 24, 434 33,877 4,582 23,693 61 5, 762 13,818 Coke (short tons). 10, 548 108 451 34 1 364 350 410 1,397 639 1,851 1,552 9 2,984 190 39 169 Oil, including gasoline (barrels) 122,929 78, 596 317 3,471 1,452 254 1,205 475 2,290 7,170 2,657 4,174 245 43 6,804 11,679 113 1,984 Gas (1,000 cu- bic feet). 404,785 30 112 167 140 370 237 194 520 5,741 387,074 219 82 660 9,239 SHIPBUILDING. 19 SPECIAL STATISTICS. Statistics covered and terms used. — The schedules Tised in collecting the statistics of shipbuilding required a detailed statement of the number, kind, and tonnage of vessels launched; the number, kind, and value of boats built ; and a statement of the value of the differ- ent kinds of work done. These statistics were col- lected for the years 1914 and 1916. For 1914 addi- tional information regarding the repair facilities of shipyards was required. In explanation of the terms gross and net tons, it should be stated that gross tonnage is the total internal cubic capacity of a vessel, expressed in tons of 100 cubic feet each, while net tonnage is the internal cubical capacity remaining after deductions have been made from gross tonnage for quarters of officers and crew, for boilers, machinery, and coal bunkers, and for navigation and other purposes. Net tonnage, there- fore, may be regarded as that portion of the vessel which is available for passengers and cargo. Tonnage measurements are not altogether uniform among mari- time nations, but vary with the laws of the nation imder which registry is made. Displacement tonnage, which is used in stating the size of vessels of the United States Navy, differs from gross and net tonnage as applied to merchant vessels, and is merely the weight of the volume of water displaced, equivalent, of course, to the weight of the vessel. The tonnage of vessels of the United States Navy, as given in the statistics, is always displacement tonnage. While gross tonnage and displacement tonnage are not by any means the same, it is necessary to combine the tonnage of vessels whose capacity is reckoned in one way with that of vessels whose capacity is reckoned by the other method in order to obtain a total which should represent approximately the total tonnage laimched during the year. In the tables which follow, gross tonnage is shown for 1916 and 1914 unless otherwise specified, and the statistics do not include the products of Government shipyards nor the subsidiary products of establish- ments in other industries unless specifically stated. Vessels and boats. — Table 18 shows the number and gross toimage of all vessels launched during the census years 1916, 1914, 1909, and 1904 and distinguishes three classes of establishments reporting for 1914, 1909, and 1904, and two classes of establishments for 1916. In many cases a large part of the work on vessels launched during the census years was done in prior years, and, on the other hand, much work was done during each census year on vessels which were not laimched. In 1914, 1909, and 1904 shipbuilding statistics were collected as a part of the quinquennial census of manu- factures for these years' and include data for vessels and boats built by establishments engaged primarily in other lines of manufacture and hence not classed as shipbuilding, whereas the census of 1916 did not cover other raanufacturing industries but was limited to the shipbuilding industry proper. The statistics for 1916, therefore, are those of establishments en- gaged primarily in ship and boat building and repairs, and include Government shipyards but do not include any ships or boats that may have been built in estab- lishments designated as "Private establishments in other industries." The number, as well as the tonnage, of .vessels launched by these private estab- lishments is relatively small, the tonnage amounting to only 3 per cent of the total in 1914, 2.6 per cent in 1909, and 3.1 per cent in 1904. The decliue in shipbuilding during the 10-year period from 1904 to 1914 is clearly brought out by the fact that there was a decrease in number and tonnage of both steel and wooden vessels of 5 tons and over. The depression in the shipbuilding industry dm-ing this 10-year period was somewhat relieved by 1916, as the table shows an increase in 1916 over 1914 both in number and tonnage of vessels launched. The total gross tonnage of vessels laimched in 1916 by private establishments in the shipbuilding indus- try was 734,108, an amount exceeding that launched in 1914 by 309,048 gross tons, or 72.7 per cent. The construction of steel vessels, which decreased both in number and in gross tonnage between 1909 and 1914, shows a great increase between 1914 and 1916, the increase being 104, or 82.5 per cent, in number of vessels built, and 242,901, or practically 100 per cent, in gross toimage. The tonnage of the steel vessels amounted to 66.2 per cent of the total tonnage laimched by private establishments. The year 1916 also shows an increased activity in the building of wooden vessels, the period between 1909 and 1904 having been one of depression in the wooden ship- building industry. The number of wooden vessels launched decreased from 1,426 in 1909 to 987 in 1914, and the gross toimage of these from 212,233 to 182,101, but in 1916 there was a gain over 1914 of 160 in num- ber and 66,147, or 36.3 per cent, in gross tonnage. The number of small power boats of less than 5 tons built in 1916 was 3,606, as compared with 3,706 in 1914, 8,577 in 1909, and 3,499 in 1904. 20 MANUFACTURES. Table 18 Census year. NUHBEB AUD QK09S TONNAGE OT VESSELS LAUNCHED DmUNG NUMBER OF POWER BOATS. TBE TEAB, Ain> cuas. All establishments. Private establish- ments in the ship- building industry. Private establish- ments in other industries.' Government shipyards. • Number. Gross tonnage. Number. Gross tonnage. Num- ber. Gross tonnage. Num- ber. Displace- ment toimaga 1916 1914 1909 1904 1916 1914 1909 1904 1916 1914 1909 1904 1916 1914 1909 1904 1916 1914 1909 1904 1916 1914 1909 2 1904 1916 1914 1909 1904 1916 1914 1909 1904 1916 1914 1909 1904 1,463 1,255 1,637 2,279 772,167 455,567 481,813 728,104 1,377 1,113 1,584 2,114 734,108 425,060 467,219 678,525 86 48 31 31 38,059 16,853 2,069 27,252 94 22 134 13,654 12,535 22,327 Classified by materials: Steel 244 215 169 172 1,219 1,040 1,468 2,107 518,858 288,870 260,765 352,669 253,309 186, 697 221,048 375,435 230 126 158 152 1,147 987 1,426 1,962 485,860 242, 959 254,986 328,411 248,248 182, 101 212, 233 350,114 14 20 3 17 72 28 28 14 32,998 16,119 350 23,860 5,061 734 1,709 3,402 \ 69 8 3 9,792 5,429 408 1 25 14 131 3,862 7,106 21,919 Classified by power: Steam 206 148 194 320 434 382 447 311 62 66 68 352 62 40 51 472,597 243,011 235,315 368, 117 30,316 10,867 9,413 3,247 30,625 6,575 2,652 68,615 15,456 2,224 14,807 186 139 181 308 403 370 445 307 62 68 68 349 62 40 51 442,354 234,636 234,633 349,600 29,866 10,821 9,389 3,157 30,625 2, 799 2,6.'i2 64,615 15,456 2,224 14,807 20 9 10 6 31 8 30 243 8! 376 • Motor 3 6 429 467 253 18,050 450 4 2 4 6 24 90 40 1 8 3,776 1 3 4,000 Unrigged 699 619 877 1,296 223,173 192,890 219,626 288,125 664 506 839 1,150 215,807 174,580 205,738 261,153 35 31 21 22 7 366 82 17 124 9,872 12,082 21.770 8,438 1,806 5,202 3,710 4,618 9,042 3,916 3,606 3,706 8,577 3,499 104 54 63 52 758 412 365 ' Not reported in 1916. Of the 1,377 vessels of all kinds launched by private establishments in the industry in 1916, 186 with a total gross tonnage of 442,354 were steam vessels, an increase of 47 over the number and 207,718 over the gross tonnage of steam vessels launched in 1914. Motor craft launched in 1916 were 403 and the gross tonnage was 29,866. Sailboats, both with and without auxiliary power, show an increase in number laimched and gross tonnage between 1914 and 1916. Establishments in the industry show the increase in average gross tonnage of vessels launched in 1916, as compared with those of 1914. The increase in the average tonnage of steam vessels amoimted to 690 tons, or 40.8 per cent; that of motor craft from an average of about 29 gross tons to 74, while the average tonnage of sailboats with auxiliary power in 1916 was more than ten times the average of 48 gross tons shown for 1914. Sailboats without auxiliary power 2 Includes sail, without auxiliary power. also show an increase in average tonnage from about 56 tons in 1914 to nearly 250 in 1916. Unrigged craft, although declining in both number and tonnage of vessels launched from 1904 to 1914, shows a decided increase from 1914 to 1916. The number of vessels of 5 tons and over launched in Government shipyards in 1916 was almost double the number launched in 1914 and the total tonnage more than double. Of the 86 vessels launched 14 were steel vessels and 72 wooden. The total tonnage of steam vessels launched in Government shipyards increased more than 260 per cent between 1914 and 1916. Table 19 shows, for private establishments in the shipbuilding industry, the number of vessels launched and the gross tonnage and the number of power boats built of less than 5 tons, for 1916 and 1914, by coast divisions and inland waters. SHIPBUILDING. 21 Table 19 Vessels launched dtirlnR the year, S gross tons and over: Number Gross tonnage Steel: Number Gross toimage Wooden: Number Gross tannage Steam: Number Gross tonnage Motor: Number Gross tonnage Sail, with auxiliary power: Number , Gross tonnage , Sail, without auxiliary power: Number Gross tonnage Unrigged: Number Gross tonnage Power boats latmched during the year of less than 5 gross tons Census year. 1916 1914 1916 1914 1918 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 NtnJBEB AND GROSS TONNAGE OF VESSELS LAUNCHED, AND NUHBEB OF POWER BOATS. United States. 1,377 1,113 734,108 425,060 230 126 485,860 242,959 1,147 987 248,248 182, 101 186 139 442,354 234,636 403 370 29,866 10,821 62 58 30,625 2,799 62 40 15,456 2,224 664 506 215,807 174,580 3,606 3,706 Coast divisions. North Atlantic. 597 401 280,249 174,632 64 41 136,909 108,042 533 360 143,340 66,590 58 44 126,319 104,100 170 123 7,052 2,221 31 35 2,854 1,748 33 18 9,395 1,844 305 181 134,629 64,721 South Atlantic. 138 99 128,614 69,286 27 21 108,929 60,114 111 78 19,685 9,172 22 18 95,897 57,544 38 33 13,960 593 3 3 1,420 56 1 2 75 64 74 43 17,262 11,029 1,946 1,265 143 206 Gulf. S7 126 18,507 23,733 7 6 1,990 1,931 80 120 16,517 21,802 7 4 2,652 415 22 28 466 1,909 12 2 4,595 72 12 5 2,298 194 34 87 8,496 21, 143 Paclflc. 223 231 134,086 41,112 20 15 102.119 23,973 203 216 31,967 17, 1.39 33 22 111,404 28,890 123 132 7,315 4,996 9 16 9,985 835 15 15 1,368 122 43 47 4,014 6,269 152 127 191 363 Inland waters. Great Lakes. 89 82 121, 134 43,251 57 21 118,600 39,929 32 61 2,534 3,322 102,464 38, 8U 22 39 479 972 7 3 11,771 90 1 ■""2,' 320' 13 11 4,100 3,378 Missis- sippi River audits tribu- taries. 234 153 50,593 71,612 55 22 17,313 8,970 179 131 33,280 62,642 20 20 3,618 4,798 24 8 549 412 541 190 125 46,426 66,728 Other inland waters. 9 21 925 1,434 9 21 925 1,434 78 4 7 45 44 5 12 880 1,312 462 427 300 777 The North Atlantic division ranked first in 1916 and 1914, both in gross tonnage and in the number of vessels launched. There was constructed in this division in 1916, 43.3 per cent of all the vessels built in the United States, comprising 38.2 per cent of the total tonnage, as compared with 36 and 41.1 per cent, respectively, in 1914. There was an increase in 1916 over 1914 in the gross tonnage of steel and wooden vessels launched in the North Atlantic division, the increase being 26.7 per cent and 115.1 per cent, respectively. There were six establishments in the South Atlantic division which constructed 27 steel vessels of 108,929 gross tons during 1916. The vessels built in this coast district were of much greater tonnage per vessel than those constructed in the North Atlantic division. The higher average tonnage, 4,034, was caused by one estabUshment building 8 vessels of nearly 8,000 tons each. There was a great increase in the size of motor vessels; in 1916, 38 such craft were launched with an average tonnage of 367, as compared with 33 built in 1914 with an arerage of 18 gross tons. In the Gulf division the table shows for 1916, as compared with 1914, a decrease in number and tonnage of vessels launched. In 1916 there were 87 vessels of all kinds launched as compared with 126 in 1914, a decrease of 39. In the later year the total gross ton- nage of vessels laimched was 18,507, as compared with 23,733 in the earlier year, a decrease of 5,226 tons, or 22 per cent. The decrease in the number and tonnage of vessels launched was chiefly due to the smaller number and tonnage of unrigged craft built and does not necessarily indicate a decline in ship- building activities, for Table 6, shows that the number of wage earners employed in 1916 and the value of work done in the Gulf district exceeded that of 1914. The Pacific division, which holds an important position in the shipbuilding industry, has made rapid progress since 1904, at which time California held fifth place among the states in the value of products ; Oregon, twenty-first; and Washington, twelfth place. Although there was a slight decrease in the number of vessels buUt from 1914 to 1916, there was a large increase in tonnage launched. The total gross tonnage of all classes of vessels constructed in this division in 1916 was 134,086, an increase over 1914 of 92,974, or 226.1 per cent. The relative increase in tonnage of steel vessels launched during the same period was even greater, amounting to 326 per cent. While there were only 5 more steel vessels laimched on the Pacific 22 MANUFACTURES. coast in 1916 than in .1914, there was a large increase in the mean tonnage per vessel, from 1,598 to 5,106 tons. This large increase in tonnage per vessel was, ia a measure, due to the fact that 10 steel vessels for the coastwise or foreign trade, with an average tonnage of 7,494, were constructed by one establish- ment in California. In total tonnage launched in 1916 this division holds second place, being outranked only by the Xorth Atlantic division. The steel tonnage launched in the Great Lakes division in 1916 was 118,600, or 197 per cent greater than that launched in 1914. The number and gross tonnage of steam vessels bmlt show increases, between 1914 and 1916, while decreases are shown for motor vessels. In 1914 three sail vessels with auxiliary power, having an average gross tonnage of 30, were built in this district, but in 1916 seven such vessels were constructed with an average tonnage of 1,682. The number and gross tonnage of steel vessels launched dm-ing 1916 on the Mississippi River and its tributaries were much greater than in 1914. In 1916, 55 steel vessels with a gross tonnage of 17,.313 were launched as compared with 22 vessels with a total gross tonnage of 8,970 in 1914. In 1916 the same number of steam vessels was built in this division as in 1914, but the total tonnage was 1,180 less. Motor craft were the only class showing an increase between 1914 and 1916, in both number and average tonnage. No steel vessels were constructed either in 1914 or 1916 in "Other inland waters" and only 9 wooden vessels were buUt in 1916 with a gross tonnage of 925 and these were motor and unrigged vessels. There was a relatively large number of small power boats under 5 gross tons constructed, in 1916, in this divi- sion, but the number, 300, was 477 less than the num- ber constructed in 1914. Table 20 shows the number, class, gross tonnage, and place where launched of aU steel vessels built in the United States in 1916, exclusive of Government vessels. Table 20 LOCATION OF SHIPYAED. STEEL VESSELS LADNCHEB: 1916. Total. steam Motor. Sail. Unrigged. Num- ber. Tonnage. Num- ber. Tonnage. Num- ber. Tonnage. Num- ber. Tonnage. Num- ber. Tonnage. Total - 230 485,860 126 424,791 25 13,200 8 14,191 71 28,678 Mobile 1 3 1 10 2 12 2 1 1 5 2 1 1 1 5 9 '8 1 10 15 2 2 9 2 4 2 1 3 5 4 8 6 5 6 39 2 1 9 1 1 2 1 6 2 70 2,250 4,823 74,939 795 14,998 318 1,586 2,029 1,018 165 28 30 80 4,199 13,881 31,952 204 38,646 36,566 940 400 25,285 762 276 284 50 1,624 1,844 7,910 8,860 792 37,542 11,743 14,624 11,200 186 36,890 500 128 54 190 62,778 20,107 755 2.320 9,259 1 1 1 10 70 1,250 4,823 74,939 2 1,000 Oakfand San Francisco 2 3 1 795 482 60 Delaware Wilmington ... 6 1 1 1 5 13,532 258 1,566 2,029 1,018 3 984 Tampa Illinois .. Chicago Indiana Jeffersonville 1 1 1 15 28 30 1 150 Kentucky . . BowKnz Green Louisiana .... Harvey Violet 1 2 81 Maivr Bath 3 4 8 2,599 836 31,952 1,600 5 13,045 Sparrows Point Boston Quincy Detroit Ferrysburg Massachusetts 1 3 204 1,870 7 12 36.776 35,618 IbCRIOAN 3 2 2 6 948 940 400 Camden Eliza bethport 3 2 2 1 1 19, .539 762 26 269 50 5,726 New Yobk Buffalo 2 250 city Island . .. 1 15 Newburgh 3 1,624 Port Richmond Ashtabula Cleveland Elm wood 5 4 7 1,844 7,910 6,540 1 2,320 6 792 5 37,512 Toledo 6 11,743 Pennsylvania . Ambridge 39 14,624 Chester 2 1 8 1 11,2' K) 186 36,330 500 Philadelplua 1 560 Pittsburgh Bristol . . 1 128 Texas . . Beaumont 2 1 54 190 Galveston 8 5 2 6 2 62,778 19,695 75.5 2,320 9,259 Seattle G reen Bay Manitowoc Superior 1 412 1 SHIPBUILDING. 23 The greatest tonnage, 74,939, was launched in San Francisco, Calif., and the second greatest tonnage in Newport News, Va. While San Francisco holds first place in aggregate tonnage, the vessels launched in Ne^vpo^t News were of larger average tonnage, the figures being 7,494 and 7,847, respectively. For these two places was reported 28.3 per cent of the total steel tonnage launched in the United States in 1916. Table 21 shows, by coast divisions and inland waters, steel vessels launched during 1916, classified according to screw and stern wheel. Table 21 STEEL POWER VESSELS LAUNCHED: 1W6. Total. Screw. Stem wheel. DIVISION. Steam. Motor. Steam. Motor. Steam. Motor. . Num- ber. Toimage. Num- ber. Toimage. Num- ber. Toimage. Num- ber. Tonnage. Num- ber. Tonnage. Num- ber. Toimage. United States ... 126 424,791 25 18,200 117 422 99Q 24 18,172 9 1,792 1 28 North Atlantic 38 21 2 17 41 7 122,921 95,824 1,636 100,707 101,999 1,704 10 6 4 3 3,366 13,105 274 1,412 38 21 1 17 40 122,921 95,824 1,566 100,707 101,981 10 6 4 3 3,366 13,105 274 1,412 South Atlantic ... . Gulf 1 70 Pacific Great Lakes 1 "7 18 1,704 Mississippi River and its tributaries. 2 43 1 is 1 28 Other inland waters ' Includes 1 steam vessel propelled by side wheel and 3 catamarans propelled by center wheel. Of tlie 126 steam and 25 motor equipped vessels, 117 steam and 24 motor were screw propelled; 5 steam and 1 motor were propelled by stem wheel and 1 steam was propelled by side wheel, while 3 steam were center wheel catamarans built in JeffersonviUe, Ind., for use on the Mississippi River. Table 22 shows by coast divisions and inland waters the gross toimage of vessels launched during 1914 and 1916, according to the service in which vessels are to be used. In this and the following tables data does not include the products of Government shipyards. The bulk of the shipbuilding in the United States has heretofore been the tonnage built for the domestic and coastwise trade, which combined, represented 70.7 per cent of the entire toimage launched in 1914, and 65.9 per cent in 1916. Notwithstanding an in- crease of 574.1 per cent over 1914, the tonnage of vessels constructed primarily for the foreign trade represents but a small proportion of the entire output of the shipyards, or 29.2 per cent in 1916. The domes- tic water transportation of the United States is con- fined to vessels constructed and owned in the United States. Shipbuilding for this trade amounted to 43.8 per cent of the total construction in 1916. The Commissioner of Navigation, in his annual report for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1916, says: "Of the steel tonnage under construction in the United States, American builders, according to their returns to the Bureau of Navigation, before June 30, 1917, will launch 326 ships of 998,035 gross tons. In that event the product of American yards will exceed that of all foreign yards outside of the United Kingdom combined, and will probably exceed the output of the British yards." * In 1914 the North Atlantic division built 41.1 per cent of the total tonnage constructed in American shipyards, but in 1916 only 38.2 per cent. The Pacific division, which ranked fifth in total tonnage launched in 1914, held second place in 1916. The largest amount of tonnage constructed for the foreign trade in 1916 was built in the shipyards located in the Pacific division, 43.8 per cent of the total. In 1914 the South Atlantic division led all others in this respect. In 1916 the largest amount of domestic tonnage was built in the North Atlantic division, the amount buUt in the Great Lakes division closely following, and these two divisions, combined, built 73.6 per cent of the total output of domestic tonnage. Over one-half of the coastwise tonnage was also constructed in the North Atlantic division in 1916. ' Report of Commissioner of Navigation, 1016, p. 19. 24 MANUFACTURES. Table 22 Census year. GKOSS TONNAGE OF VESSELS LAUNCHED. CHAKACTEK OF SEBYICB. United States. Coast divisions. Inland waters. North Atlantic. South Atlantic. Gulf. Panific. Great Lakes. Mississippi River and its tribu- taries. Other inland waters. 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 1916 1914 734,108 425,060 280,249 174,632 128,614 69,286 18,507 23,733 134,086 41,112 121,134 43,251 50,593 71,612 925 1,434 214,582 31,832 161,894 48,952 321,722 251,606 3,858 2,747 16,267 71,655 6,527 3,769 9,258 14,499 38,581 13, 149 88,194 1,456 131,977 92,067 1,481 65,092 18,448 46,282 26,035 15,864 20,619 1,845 100 8,647 643 7,767 22,587 114 279 15 93,939 135 18,771 20,818 13,398 11,287 2,062 2,417 2,662 2,982 77 115 3,177 3,358 14,525 Domestic 104,937 42,932 201 51 50 46,869 60,718 910 1,396 G0Vf>mTT*PT't, .... 9,965 63,540 4,170 2,722 5,881 1,098 133 3,113 503 641 140 430 3,442 2,020 282 6 59 1,421 268 15 17 Another 60 124 8,868 21 485,800 242,959 130,909 108,042 108,929 60,114 1,990 1,931 102,119 23,973 118,600 39,929 17,313 8,970 209,323 31,412 131,959 45,367 12.5,799 86,558 37,a59 12,904 80,995 844 7,150 28,521 65,692 18,448 43,144 24, 150 33 14,602 91,247 14,525 7,820 20,373 Domestic 1,990 1,894 102,755 39,929 13,871 659 893 • ' Govemnient 15,521 71,121 2,403 1,109 855 7,392 248,248 182, 101 9,357 63,540 1,083 1,109 465 1,064 143,340 60,590 60 2,854 2,662 2,707 3,442 2,020 1,320 All other 390 37 16,517 21,802 0,291 33,280 62,642 19,685 9,172 31,967 17,139 2,534 3,322 925 1,434 5,259 420 29,935 3,585 195,923 105,048 3,858 2,747 746 534 4,124 2,660 8,403 7,107 722 185 7,199 012 124,827 03,540 1,481 1,845 100 8,647 643 5,777 20,693 114 279 15 2,692 135 10,951 445 13,398 10,394 2,062 2,417 i 3,138 1,885 15,831 5,957 2,182 3,003 201 51 50 32,998 60,059 910 Fishing 1,396 608 73 259 503 641 140 430 275 77 115 2,787 3,358 Pleasure 3,087 1,613 5,416 634 59 101 268 282 6 15 17 60 87 2,577 21 SHIPBUILDING. 25 Table 23 shows, by classes, the number and gross tonnage of vessels launched during 1916 grouped ac- cording to tonnage. The group "Less than 100 gross tons," contains 44.3 per cent of the total number of vessels launched and only 2.4 per cent of the tonnage, while the group "3,000 gross tons and over" (3,000 tons being virtually the minimum tonnage for overseas trade) shows only 5.4 per cent of the number but 54.2 per cent of the tonnage launched in 1916. In the first group men- tioned, but 18 of the vessels were constructed of steel, while in the group having the tonnage of 3,000 and over, all were of metal construction, no wooden vessels of this size being built during 1916. Table 23 VES,SELS LAUNCHED— ORODPED ACCOEDINQ TO TONNAGl!: 1916. CLA83. Total. Less than 100 gross tons. 100 but less than 500 gross tons. 500 but less than 1,000 gross tons. 1,000 but loss than 3,000 gross tons. 3,000gros3 tons and over. Number. Tons. Num- ber. Tons. Num- ber. Tons. Num- ber. Tons. Num- ber. Tons. Num- ber. Tons. All vessels.... 1,377 230 1,147 734,108 485,860 248,248 610 18 592 17,878 890 16,988 503 95 408 144,561 29,493 115,068 141 21 120 97,797 15,099 82,698 49 22 27 75,920 42,426 33,494 74 74 397,952 397,952 Steel Wooden 589 151 438 124 8 116 664 71 593 472,220 442,991 29,229 46,081 14,191 31,890 215,807 28,678 187, 129 407 17 390 77 9,943 810 9,133 1,869 69 36 33 13 1 12 427 58 16,337 10,277 6,060 2,332 128 2,204 119,747 19.088 18 10 8 17 13,127 6,689 6,438 11,921 21 14 7 17 7 10 11 1 10 34,861 27,263 7,598 29,959 14,063 15,896 11,100 1,100 10,000 74 74 397,952 397,952 Steel Wooden SaU Steel Wooden 77 126 1 125 1,869 6,066 80 5,986 17 100 11 95 11,921 68,894 8,410 64,339 Unrigged .... Steel Wooden 363 106.804 ' 1 Table 24 gives, by states, the total number and gross tonnage of all vessels of 5 tons and over launched in 1916, 1914, and 1909 by establishments in the ship- building industry, exclusive of Government shipyards. Table 24 United States. California Connecticut Delaware Florida Illinois Kentuclcy Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts.. Michigan Minnesota Mississippi New Jersey New Yorli Nortli Carolina. Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania... Texas Virginia Wasliington Wisconsin All other states. VESSEU LACNCHED. 1916 Num- ber. 1,377 118 18 44 45 4 65 40 45 7 17 75 337 8 54 36 128 12 Tonnage (gross). 734,108 89,108 3,365 25,472 6,614 2,058 16,163 11,974 15,486 57,767 42,484 38,340 1,446 2,358 33,752 111,709 2,268 74,320 11,652 71,836 2,265 a?, 943 33,326 13,436 2,966 1914 Num- ber. 11,113 19 10 22 4 51 73 43 58 45 21 4 13 65 220 11 35 41 66 29 24 102 29 SO Toimage (gross). 425,060 31,500 1,995 6,624 1,141 85 40,000 17,501 3,072 36,961 32,056 12,405 1,195 1,420 57,866 49,911 7.30 36,824 2,495 30,533 4,293 31,538 7,117 3,048 14,750 1909 Num- ber. « 1,584 45 16 35 9 90 69 44 62 82 S3 6 31 90 309 17 88 34 205 19 38 137 29 27 Tonnage (gross). 467,219 8,563 5,447 10,871 3,215 991 41,240 7,012 12,654 34,160 17,703 41,847 231 8,086 63,261 60,152 858 81,803 4,718 12,775 1,680 44,388 5,256 6,453 3,855 I Exclusive of 94 vessels, with an aggregate gross tonnage of 13,654, launched by establisliments in other industries. » Exclusive of 22 vessels, with an aggregate gross tonnage of 12,535, launched by establisliments in oth er industries. Of the total number of vessels of 5 tons and over launched in 1916, New York built 24.5 per cent, and Pennsylvania buUt the next largest number. New York also buUt the greatest tonnage in 1916, with California, Ohio, and Pennsylvania following in the order named. This order was somewhat different in 1914 when New Jersey ranked first, followed by New York, Kentucky, and Maryland, and in 1909 when Ohio ranked first, followed ]>y New York, New Jersey, and Virginia in the order named. Table 25 shows for the United States and for 15 states separately, for 1916, 1914, and 1909, the num- ber, and the gross and net tonnage of steam vessels of 5 tons and over launched in private shipyards. In 1916, of the states for which totals are presented, California, Virginia, Ohio, and Pennsylvaaia led in the order named, and combined represented 246,679 gross tons, or 55.8 per cent of the total for steam vessels, of 5 tons and over, launched in private yards. Virginia, the second state in total tonnage launched, led in respect to average gross tonnage per vessel with an average for the 8 steamships launched in 1916 of 7,847 per vessel. In 1914 the leading states in respect to tonnage of steam vessels were New Jersey, Vir- ginia, Massachusetts, and Maryland, in the order named, and in 1909, Ohio, Michigan, Virginia, and New Jersey. 26 MANUFACTURES. Table 26 United States California Delaware Indiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan New Jersey New York Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Virginia Washington Wisconsin All other states STEAM VESSELS LAUNCHED. 1916 Num- ber. Tonnage. Gross. 442,354 82,766 13,965 1,645 3,417 32,861 37,732 35,945 20,331 3,281 52,046 4,719 49,089 62,778 23,919 12,415 5,445 Net. 297,724 46,622 9,642 1,641 2,957 20,513 27,169 23,303 12,021 2,595 41,134 3,209 31,407 47,703 16,258 7,917 3,613 1914 Num- ber. 139 10 Tonnage. Gross. 234,636 26,420 6,266 3,800 1,400 27,368 29,940 11,512 41, 182 3.056 26,205 251 23,547 30, 176 2,219 362 932 Net. 175,094 17,490 3,796 2,550 1,317 16,794 19,200 7,273 36,137 1,900 19,778 171 23,374 22,896 1,453 251 714 Num- ber. 181 1909 Tonnage. Gross. 234,633 4,993 8,296 1,386 3,888 17,733 12,381 41,231 27,395 7,528 57,764 1,522 2,841 40,730 800 4,694 1,451 Net. 168,959 3,264 5,432 619 2,983 10,007 8,232 31,073 26,322 5,185 44,171 1,154 2,680 23,065 574 3,121 1,077 Table 26 shows, by states, the number and the gross and net tonnage of motor vessels, including sail ves- sels with auxiliary power, of 5 tons and over, launched in private shipyards in 1916, 1914, and 1909. Table 26 United States. Motor. Sail, with auxiliary power. Census year. 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 Coimectlcut 1916 1914 1909 California . Florida.. Louisiana. Maine. Maryland . Massachusetts. Michigan. 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 MOTOR VESSELS LATTNCHED, INCLUDING SAILINQ VES- SELS WITH AUXnjABY POWEE. Num- ber. 465 428 ' 513 403 370 445 62 58 68 Tonnage. Gross. 60,491 13,620 12,041 29,866 10,821 9,389 30,626 2,799 2,652 3,511 2,815 534 1,174 180 553 194 247 337 3,017 1,593 68 1,812 541 431 14,997 194 593 3,278 899 3,271 107 361 408 Net. 45,251 9,974 9,204 19, 198 7,789 7,224 26,053 2,185 1,980 2,003 1,971 395 1,132 127 492 149 177 232 2,767 1,301 52 1,469 339 288 10,003 114 518 1,092 550 2,604 252 330 New Jersey., New York.. North Carolina. Ohio. Oregon Pennsylvania. Texas Virginia Washington... Wisconsin. All other states. Census year. 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 MOTOR VESSELS LAtmcHED, INCLUDING SAILING VES- SELS WITH AUXILIARY POWER. Num- ber. 45 22 31 72 60 91 2 8 13 12 6 16 14 7 21 5 8 1 Tonnage. Gross. 1,022 1,419 1,735 958 1,949 81 175 158 11,974 129 432 6,205 317 368 116 66 5 1,925 198 40 I8:i US lis 7,584 2,699 1,526 221 413 259 1,355 298 522 Net. 800 1,2.56 347 1,379 653 1,486 61 121 138 9,424 89 336 5,875 234 281 111 52 5 1,566 124 27 180 72 70 5,910 2,032 1,075 ISJ 331 204 l,ai8 179 324 > Exclusive of 2 vessels, with an aggregate gross tonnage of 24, launched by establishments in other industries. SHIPBUILDING. 27 Motor vessels, which now form such a large and distinct class, were reported separately for the first time in 1904. At that time they numbered 311, and averaged slightly over 10 gross tons in size. In 1909 their average capacity was 21 tons; in 1914 over 29 tons; and in 1916 nearly 75 tons. The change from 1904 to 1916 in the size of motor craft is due to the building of internal-combustion engines in larger units, of improved reliability and compactness, mak- ing them practical for use in larger vessels. California reported the largest number of vessels of this class launched in 1916. In 1914 California and Washington each reported the largest number, and in 1909 Wash- ington reported the largest number. Sail vessels with auxiliary power, launched in 1916, included in the preceding table along with motor vessels were distributed as follows: Total Ohio Oregon Washington Louisiana.. Maine Texas Maryland Massachusetts.. New York California AH other states. Num- ber. Gross tons. Net tons. 62 30,625 26,053 6 11,743 9,205 5 6,087 5,787 2 3,788 3,040 5 2,830 2,610 15 1,720 1,381 1 1,660 1,390 2 1,360 1,360 8 '755 686 4 166 162 2 110 no 12 406 322 In the construction of sail vessels with auxiliary power Ohio led in tonnage, but Maine launched the greater niunber. The tonnage launched in Ohio rep- resented 38.3 per cent of thp total gross tonnage launched in the United States in 1916. The vessels were built at Toledo, Ohio, 6 in number, and were of steel; 2 had a gross tonnage of 1,930 each; 1 of 1,955; and 3 of 1,976 tons each, and were designed for the coastwise trade. The largest wooden vessel of this class, one of 2,492 gross tons, intended for the foreign trade, was built and launched at Aberdeen, Wash. Another vessel of this class of 1,660 gross tonnage was launched in Orange, Tex. There is a wide variation in the tonnage of vessels of this class due to the diversified character and class of service. Some are for pleasure, while others are for fishing and freighting. Table 27 gives for the United States and 10 states separately, the number and the gross and net tonnage of sail vessels without auxiliary power, of 5 tons and over, launched in private shipyards in 1916, 1914, and 1909. Table 27 United States. Florida- Maine. Maryland , Massachusetts. Mississippi.. New Jersey. New York.. Ohio. Oregon Washington. All other states.. Census year. 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 I 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 SAIL VESSELS WITHOUT AUXIL- IARY POWEE LAUNCHED. Num- ber. Tonnage. Gross. 15,456 2,224 14.807 Net. 14,048 1.874 12. 710 194 69 4,772 687 8,335 75 64 1,150 1,474 667 1,343 751 2,910 1,488 40 130 26 38 19 2,320 168 112 3,174 422 338 8 157 39 4,118 596 6.861 75 45 1.149 1.365 487 1,100 751 2,770 1,377 23 18 32 16 2,070 "405 112 1,200 2,898 422 284 From 1909 to 1914 there was a large decrease in the tonnage launched of sail vessels without auxiliary power, from 14,807 gross tons to 2,224 gross tons or 85 per cent, while from 1914 to 1916 the tonnage of this class of vessels increased 13,232 gross tons, or nearly 600 per cent. Maine led in amount of gross tonnage launched in 1916 as well as in 1914 and 1909; Ohio and New Jersey ranked second and third, respectively, in 1916. The combined tonnage launched in these three states represented 55.5 per cent of the total tonnage of this class of vessels launched in the United States during 1916. The largest sailing vessel without auxiliary power launched in 1916 was one of 2,320 gross tons built in Cleveland, Ohio. It was of steel construction and was designed for the coastwise trade. The largest wooden vessel of this class was one of 1,891 gross tons, built in Bath, Me., for the coastwise and foreign trade. 28 MANUFACTURES. Table 28 gives for the United States and for 12 states separately the number and gross and net tonnage of unrigged vessels launched by private shipyards in 1916, 1914, 1909, and 1904. Table 28 United States. California. Kentucky. Louisiana.' Census year. 1916 1914 1909 1904 1916 1914 1909 1904 Maryland. Mississippi. New Jersey. New Yorlc.. Ohio. Oregon., Pennsylvania. Virginia. Washington. All other states. . UNBIOOED VESSELS LAUNCHED. Num- ber. 1916 1 59 1914 47 1909 (') 1904 17 1916 19 1914 68 1909 58 1904 73 1916 32 1914 39 1909 33 1904 49 1916 4 1914 9 1909 20 1904 13 1916 20 1914 35 1909 45 1904 35 1916 246 1914 136 1909 186 1904 211 1916 24 1914 23 1909 55 1904 41 1916 3 1914 15 1909 (') 1904 (<) 1916 103 1914 30 1909 195 1904 472 1916 16 1914 6 1909 23 1904 12 1916 14 1914 24 1909 44 1904 34 1916 98 1914 76 1909 151 1904 145 Tonnage. Gross. 215, 807 174, 580 205,738 261, 153 2,831 2,255 3,016 5,777 15,880 39,968 (<} 4,898 6,422 15,848 6,830 11,480 9,834 9,335 14,684 20,133 9,834 9,305 9,864 19,104 1,500 1,200 5,081 1,955 1,500 1,200 5,016 1,570 10,911 15,225 25,267 19,605 106,667 45,859 50,658 84,311 7,980 10,490 23,094 3,434 560 1,815 22,616 6,920 9,929 66,002 982 1,244 3,531 2,280 623 2,199 2,930 4,437 29,001 22,222 60,720 36,841 Net. 197,018 156,397 190,325 250,571 2,811 1,910 2,971 5,562 15,843 24,983 (') 4,898 6,237 15, 748 6,816 10,055 10, 911 14,956 24,488 19,481 105,186 45,106 44,903 80,694 7,626 9,490 20,304 3,245 560 1,665 (') (') 7,463 6,920 9,763 65,650 950 1,244 3,478 2,215 503 2,199 2,930 3,816 27,594 21, 671 59, 792 34,281 > Exclusive of 82 vessels, with an aggregate gross tonnage of 9,872, launched by establishments in other industries. > Exclusive of 17 vessels, with an aggregate gross tonnage of 12,082, launched by establishments in other industries. • Exclusive of 124 vessels, with an aggregate gross tonnage of 21,770, launched by establishments in other industries. < Included in "All other states." Floating dry docks, floating coal docks, and scows constructed for a single trip are not included in Table 28. There are, however, a considerable num- ber of sand and mud scows, coal boats and lighters, dredges, and pile drivers included in the statistics. In 1916 there were 664 unrigged craft built with a total tonnage of 215,807, as compared with 506, with a total tonnage of 174,580 built in 1914; 839, with a total tonnage of 205,738, in 1909; and 1,150, with a total tonnage of 261,153, in 1904. The prin- cipal state in the construction of unrigged craft in 1916 as in 1914 was New York, where there were built, in 1916, 246 barges, lighters, canal boats, and scows, with a total gross tonnage of 106,667. A large number of these were for use in New York Harbor and in the river trade; 3 were steel barges of 1,624 gross tons to be used for carrying oil in bulk. Pennsyl- vania ranked second in 1916 in both number and gross tonnage. The establishments located in that state built 86 barges for the river trade, with a total gross tonnage of 14,656, of which 23, with a tonnage of 7,224, were constructed of steel; there were also built 4 steel car floats for use in New York Harbor and 2 steel car floats, one to be used in the river trade and the other intended for the coastwise trade. There were also constructed 11 steel barges, floats, etc., for the United States Government, to be used in the rivers and in the Gulf of Mexico. In Kentucky 59 barges, with a gross tonnage of 15,880, were built for use in the river trade, while in Ohio 18 barges were constructed with 7,188 gross tonnage for the same use, and 4 steel flats and two steel barges for the Federal Government for use on the Ohio Kiver. Among the states shown, California, Kentucky, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Virginia show increases in the number of boats built, and California, Maryland, Mississippi, New York, and Pennsylvania, increases in tonnage from 1914 to 1916. Table 29 shows, for the United States and for 18 states separately, for 1916 and 1914, the number of power boats built of less than 5 tons. Table 29 STATE. NtJMBEB OF POWER BOATS BUILT (less than 5 tons). STATE. NtTMBER OF POWER BOATS BUILT (less than 5 tons). 1918 1914 1916 1914 United States 3,606 3,706 68 187 337 308 28 13 21 52 109 324 103 477 377 California 66 100 157 104 20 198 51 1,291 172 158 49 163 386 27 223 75 273 235 New York Cormecticut Ohio 567 Florida 28 Illinois 16 Virginia. Maine 171 115 Massachusetts. All other states . 230 SHIPBUILDING. 29 Massachusetts was by far the leading state in 1916 in the manufacture of small power boats. The number of such boats built in that state increased from 273 in 1914 to 1,291 m 1916. New York was second in the number of power boats built in 1916. In 1914 Ohio reported the largest number of these boats and New Jersey the next largest number. Value of work done during census year. — The con- struction of a vessel frequently takes more than a year; therefore, many vessels launched during the census year were started in previous years, and some upon wliich work was started during the census year were not finished during that year. For this reason the census office did not require the shipbuilders to report the value of the vessels launched, but only the value of the work done during the census year and the amount received for repair work. For the smaller vessels, those of less than 5 gross tons, the value of work done during the year corresponds very closely with the value of the craft as launched. Table 30 shows the value of the construction work done, the amount received for repair work, and the value of all other work done by shipbuilding estab- lishments, both private and Government, m 1916, 1914, and 1909, and by private establishments in other industries for 1914 and 1909. Table 30 KIND OF WORK. Total. W ork on new vessels and boats, all kinds. Vessel of S gross tons and over. Boats of less than 5 gross tons. Repair work. AU other work done . Cen- sus year. 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 VALUE OF WORK DONE DCRINQ THE YEAR BY- AIl estab- lishments. $224,526,683 119,423,028 100,009,054 114,434,137 52,401,805 45,036,492 110,343,073 48,105,561 40,145,084 4,091,064 4,296,244 4,891,408 71,225,368 36,966,676 38,304,658 38,867,178 30,054,547 16,667,904 Private es tablishments in the ship- building industry. 1185,852,192 88,682,071 73,360,315 105,270,935 46,334,134 42,310,925 101,531,210 42,545,445 37,718,018 3,739,725 3,788,689 4,592,907 63,508,514 32,835,212 26,678,643 •17,072,743 •9,512,725 4,370,747 Private establish- ments in other in- dustries.' 1,279,630 594,241 947,805 449,089 331,825 145,155 185,777 80,461 58,285 102,001 Govern- ment ship- yards. 9, 163, 202 4,788,041 2,131,323 8,811,863 4,612,311 1,977,977 361,339 175,730 153,346 7,716,854 3,945,687 11,545,554 •21,794,435 20,483,537 12, 195, 156 > Not reported in 1916. • Includes work on engines to the value of (3,335,055. " Includes work on engines to the value of $169,141. * Includes work on engines to the value of $4,498,703. The value of all work done during the year on new vessels and boats in all shipyards increased from $52,401,805 in 1914, to $114,434,137 in 1916, or 118.4 per cent. These figures indicate the impetus given the shipbuilding industry by the world war. The value of work done on new vessels of 5 gross tons and over in private establishments amounted to $37,718,018 in 1909, to $42,545,445 in 1914, and to $101,531,210 in 1916, showing an increase from 1914 to 1916 of 138.6 per cent. Repair work on vessels and boats increased from $26,678,643 in 1909, to $32,835,212 in 1914, and to $63,508,514 in 1916. All other work done, which includes work on engines, and the making of masts, oars, spars, etc., increased from $4,370,747 in 1909, to $17,072,743 in 1916. The value of work done on new vessels and boats in Government shipyards alone in- creased 91.4 per cent between 1914 and 1916. Table 31 shows the total value of the work done in the privately operated shipbuilding establishments in 1916, 1914, 1909, and 1904, the total being sub- divided so as to show the value of work on new ves- sels; the amount received for repair work, and the value of all other work done during the year. In this table Government shipyards and establishments in other industries doing incidental work on ships and boats are not included. Table 31 KIND OF WORK. Total. $185,852,192 Work done during the year on new vessels and boats Vessels of 5 gross tons and over. , Steel construction Wooden construction Boats of less than 5 gross tons. . Steam Motor (gasoline, electric, other) Sailboats, rowboats, canoes, scows, etc , Repair work. Steel Wooden. . .Ml other work done 17,072,743 VALUE OF WORK DONE DtTRINO THE TEAK BY PRIVATE ESTABLISHMENTS IN THE SHIP- BUILDINQ INDUSTRY. 1916 $88,682,071 105,270,935 101,531,210 86,418,000 16,113,204 3,739,725 6,544 1,988,862 1,744,319 ©,508,514 44,821,223 18,687,291 1914 $73,360,315 $82,769,239 46,334,134 42,545,445 36, 2%, 458 6,249,987 3,788,689 30,522 2,001,284 1,756,883 32,835,212 20,537,928 12,297,284 9,512,725 1909 1901 ,42,310,925 56,121,227 37,718,018! 53,119,935- 30,038,672 43,395,704 9,724,231 3,001,292 7,679,346 4,592,907 20,800 3,155,375 1,879,288 1,416,732J 1,122,004 26,678,643 22,829,040 15,862,659: 12,191,854 10,815,984 10,637,186 4,370,747 3,818,972 Of the $101,531,210 representing the work done on new vessels of 5 gross tons and over, $85,418,006, or 84.1 per cent, was the value of work on new steel ves- sels, and this shows an increase of 135.3 per cent over the value of work performed on new steel vessels in 1914. The table shows a steady decrease from 1904 to 1914 in the value of work on new wooden vessels, but from 1914 to 1916 the value of this work increased from $6,249,987 to $16,113,204, or 157.8 percent. The value of repair work on steel vessels formed 70.6 per cent of the entire value reported for repair work. There was a large increase from 1914 to 1916 in the value of repair work on both classes of vessels, that on steel vessels increasing from $20,537,928 to $44,821,223, or 118.2 per cent, while the value of repair work on wooden vessels increased from $12,297,284 to $18,687,291, or 52 per cent. Table 32 shows, by states, the value of repair work done in the private establishments in the shipbuilding industry for 1916, 1914, 1909, and 1904. 30 MANUFACTURES. Table 32 STATE. VALtTE OP BEPAni WORK BEPORTED BY PRIVATE ES- TABU3HMENIS IN THE SmPSmLDINQ INDUSTEY. 1916 1914 1909 1904 United States $63,508,514 $32,836,212 $26,678,643 $22,829,040 California 3,594,445 927,579 110,151 913,678 434,494 60,074 12,277 126,246 1,406,794 380,474 3,040,777 3,104,207 1,455,258 92,156 136,278 8,313,981 23,884,480 92,508 2,125,580 152,017 4,249,199 1,197,501 3,397,591 1,600,617 209,864 906,834 1,519,454 3,348,852 342,972 177,318 616,011 407,979 83,600 11,071 127,773 433,555 434,191 1,374,616 1,009,137 1,081,200 121,838 40,862 4,200,315 10,081,332 62,600 2,058,521 98,201 1,512,126 927,833 1,507,320 1,447,385 124,933 745,890 441,870 2,529,188 319,591 348,539 536,584 411,230 70,603 42,474 85,902 364,738 346,635 985,112 874,433 1,126,644 136,053 50,484 3,123,032 6,931,117 36,669 1,324,166 100,788 2,631,354 647,064 1,324,045 880,618 136,156 1,172,543 243,011 2,180,542 356,032 454,780 Florida . 116,360 Illinois 439,609 Indiana (') 31,075 (') Louisiana (') Maine 297,855 1,010,022 854,036 688,482 Minnesota 55,900 Mississippi 125,951 2,254,794 6,726,959 63,300 Ohio 1,229,123 Oregon 184,276 Pennsylvania 1,762,243 Rhode Island 660,303 Vireinia 1,157,696 Washington 712,851 West Virginia 86, 595 Wisconsin - All other states 571,746 808,111 ' Included in "All other states." New York was the leading state in the value of repair work in 1916, as it was in 1914, 1909, and 1904, the amount of work done in this state in 1916 being nearly one-third of the total for the United States. New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and California ranked next in the order named. Other states doing work in excess of a million dollars were Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Ohio, Rhode Island, Vir- ginia, and Washington. The states shown in the table not reporting an increase in repair work were Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Maine, and Minnesota. The value of repair work formed 34.2 per cent of the total value of products of all work done by the shipbuilding industry in 1916, 37 per cent in 1914, 36.4 per cent in 1909, and 27.6 per cent in 1904. Dry docks and marine railways. — When the repair work of shipyards is considered, the question of the equipment of the various plants naturally arises. Table 33 shows the number and kind of dry docks in private and Government shipyards, classified accord- ing to dimensions, for 1914, 1909, and 1904. Figures for 1916 were not obtained. In 1914 there were 250 dry docks in the shipyards of the United States. This is an increase of 34 over 1909, and 90 over 1904. Of the 250 dry docks re- ported in 1914, 152 were^over a hundred feet long in floor measurement, while 67 of these measured over 300 feet; 104 of the docks measured over 50 feet in width at entrance, among these 47 measured over 75 feet in width, 45 docks had a depth of siU of over 20 feet, sufficient depth to accommodate the largest vessels. Table 33 DBT DOCKS. 1914 1909 1904 Total number 250 216 160 Stationary: 62 21 167 67 27 58 98 47 57 109 37 45 108 97 57 23 136 53 20 70 73 37 54 89 36 30 98 88 86 Masonry, concrete, or steel ... . Floating- . With floor length of— Over 300 feet . . 53 201 to 300 feet 18 101 to 200 feet 75 14 With entrance width of— Over 75 feet 22 53 26 to 50 feet 62 23 With sUl depth of— Over 20 feet 25 101 34 Table 34 shows statistics relative to the number, dimensions, and lifting capacity of marine railways in operation in 1914, 1909, and 1904. Table 34 * MARINE EAILWAYS. 1914 1909 1904 Total number 678 1696 413 129,994 32 123 186 338 12 133 633 46 96 411 126 25 34 180 439 147,031 38 110 178 370 5 126 •565 47 86 410 153 22 56 172 446 147,047 With cradle length or— Over 200 feet 44 101 to 200 feet 133 107 129 With cradle breadth of— Over 50 feet 16 25to,50feet ^ 140 267 With maximum cradle draft submerged of— Over 15 feet 51 lltol5feet 99 6 to 10 feet 221 42 With lifting capacity of- Over 1 000 tons 34 501 to 1,000 tons 54 141 184 ' Figures do not agree with those published because it was necessary to make certain revisions in order to make them comparable with those tor 1914. Of the 678 marine railways reported in the United States for 1914, 155 had a cradle length of more than 100 feet, 145 had a cradle breadth exceeding 25 feet. Fifty-nine of the railways had a hfting capacity of 500 tons. SHIPBUILDING. 81 DETAIL STATE TABLES. The priucipal data secured by the census inquiry concerning the shipbuilding industry, other than those regarding vessels launched, value of different kinds of work done, and equipment, are presented, by states, in Tables 35, 36, and 37. Table 35 shows, for 1916, 1914, and 1909, the num- ber of establishments, average number of wage earners, primary horsepower, capital, wages, cost of materials, and value of products, by states, for the shipbuilding industry. Tables 36 and 37 give similar statistics in somewhat greater detail for 1916 and 1914, respectively. Table 3.5 COMPARATIVE SUMMARY, BY STATES, FOR 1916, 1914, AND 1909. United states.. California Connecticut Georgia Indiana Kentuclty Maryland m#*hignn Mlimesota Cen- sus year. 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 '1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 1,137 1,147 1,353 Wage earn- ers (aver- age num- ber). 72,497 44,489 40,506 7,113 3,457 1,844 1,312 514 427 216 14 184 225 253 168 90 157 5,328 2,468 1,793 2,225 1,261 2,344 115 125 Pri- mary iiorse- power.' Capital. 115,333 88,063 4,697 3,129 1,303 1,454 26 549 785 164 524 5,979 6,795 7,665 6,485 352 419 Wages. Cost of ma- terials. Value of prod- ucts. Expressed in thousands. 1243, 218 156,060 126,118 11,619 8,147 22,689 2,370 1,468 942 11 495 611 484 114 311 271 13,806 4,942 4,413 7,673 6,690 6,972 281 223 380 $60, 576 $89, 269 32,931 38,597 25,268 31,214 7,199 3,196 1,592 1,241 458 254 153 8 108 134 106 112 52 97 3,773 1,573 1,098 1,857 1,040 1,380 139 10,245 3,487 1,237 1,237 342 315 218 4 291 267 243 140 135 155 5,845 2,102 1,849 3,120 1,259 2,490 119 157 158 $185,852 88,682 73,360 19, 778 8,104 4,132 6,217 1,665 742 454 16 463 506 375 279 222 271 12,206 4,521 3,535 5,637 2,823 5,034 317 377 New Hampshire.. New Jersey.. New York. . Ohio. Pennsylvania. Texas. Waslilngton. Wisconsin. All other states. Cen- sus year. 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 )909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 1916 1914 1909 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 6 7 8 76 85 97 200 207 255 32 29 39 30 33 31 14 14 6 57 64 60 30 34 52 444 427 524 Wage earn- ers (aver- age num- ber). 7,777 6,324 4,869 9,928 6,076 5,644 5,059 2,879 3,200 6,440 4,773 3,558 250 168 36 3,744 1,444 744 1,250 695 906 21,373 13,962 14,513 Pri- mary horse- power.' Capital. 11,944 9,904 17,Wi4 13,835 9,661 8,125 9,694 7,771 316 21 5,866 2,105 3,875 3,506 35,628 23,164 Wages. Cost of ma- terials. Value of prod- ucts. Expressed in thousands. 22 19 11 37,333 36,028 19,176 32,010 17,999 14,084 21,935 12,870 13,625 61,660 18,285 15,203 356 104 14,804 4,600 2,039 4,835 4,109 3,025 12,644 38, 741 36,615 9 10 4 13 12 5 6,576 4,6.57 3,300 9,904 5,636 4,249 9,887 4,971 3,780 11,530 5,173 3,925 3,908 1,939 1,705 6,077 1,909 2,462 5,408 3,411 2,120 9,252 4,797 2,710 160 123 30 210 279 34 3,455 1,152 643 6,506 987 562 822 421 540 1,612 451 819 15,820 9,697 8,480 22,950 11,600 10,001 17 20,312 11,861 8,841 31,358 14,195 11,417 12,160 4,717 5,676 16,816 9,540 6,178 516 474 76 10,830 3,101 1,550 3,827 1,254 1,900 44,682 25,327 23,239 > Not reported in 1916. • Figures can not be shown without disclosing individual operations. 32 MANUFACTURES. • Table 36 — DETAIL STATISTICS FOR SHIPBUILDING, United States Alabama Arkansas'. California Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island Tennessee Texas Vermont Washington West Virginia Wisconsin All other states 2 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 1,137 4 50 31 9 57 7 18 10 10 17 26 100 50 85 55 28 18 6 76 200 12 32 26 30 14 4 14 PEKSONS ENGAGED m THE INBUSTBY. Total. 78,333 569 4 7,394 1,573 2,104 1,291 252 649 223 45 202 1,413 2,115 5,680 4,693 2,416 155 140 25 8,600 10,739 164 5,325 1,092 6,811 6S4 49 272 32 4,128 221 1,390 7,883 Pro- prie- tors and firm mem- bers. 1,103 18 9 12 15 21 110 51 80 52 30 19 8 65 207 14 31 25 27 13 4 13 4 55 5 26 44 gala- Clerks, etc. ried offi- cers, super- intend- ents, and man- agers. Wage earners. 1,550 173 169 6 54 24 96 17 1 34 255 Male. 145 124 20 13 16 10 4 5 45 60 224 124 80 2 2 561 399 3 153 35 242 34 1 2 202 6 65 147 Fe- male 365 28 Average number. 72,497 541 7,113 1>312 1,938 1,172 216 598 184 26 168 1,306 1,857 5,326 4,373 2,225 115 118 17 7,777 9,928 141 5,059 1,003 6,440 616 43 250 25 3,744 202 1,250 7,414 Number, 15th day of— Maximum month. De 85,928 De 762 De No De De De Au Fe J? De De Oc Ja Je Je Ja Je De De Oc Au De Oc Je De No Ap No No No 9,240 Ja 1,741 Ke 2,258 Jy 1,459 Mh 473 Ap 737 Ail 217 ,Ta 44 No 247 1,898 2,341 6,007 4,925 2,921 162 136 26 8,981 11,516 208 5,412 2,168 7,419 794 73 326 34 6,839 260 1,571 Minimum month. Ja 59,433 Ja 385 Ja Ap Ja Fe Oc Oo De Not Ja Ja Mh Ja Ja Ja Au Fe Mh Se Fe Ja Ja 4,952 909 1,448 934 74 500 142 14 75 794 1,461 4,473 4,024 1,784 73 97 12 6,529 7,909 81 4,005 300 5,082 467 13 159 15 1,710 126 666 ■WAGE EARNERS DEC. 15, OB NEAREST KEPBESENTATTVE DAY. Total. 86,324 764 1 9,262 1,559 2,183 1,373 474 651 195 167 1,921 2,365 5,619 4,502 2,816 99 146 16 9,006 11,139 218 5,634 2,175 6,815 592 64 313 28 6,717 253 1,644 7,575 16 and over. Male. 85,708 764 1 9,258 1,524 2,130 1,370 474 650 195 38 167 1,911 2,356 5,607 4,501 2,793 99 146 16 9,005 11,123 218 5,623 2,172 6,771 587 64 313 28 6,717 253 1,635 7,199 Fe- male. 140 15 60 Under 16. Male, 476 10 31 316 Fe- male. ' Same number reported for one or more other months. 'All other states embrace: District of Columbia, 2; Idaho, 2; Missouri, 5; South Carolina, 2; South Dakota, 1; Virginia, 30. SHIPBUILDING. INCLUDING BOAT BUILDING, BY STATES: 1916. 33 Capital. $243,217,869 715,033 2,870 •11,618,044 22,689,461 5,553,744 2,542,824 942,259 1,836,011 495,068 165,947 113,888 3,963,065 4,211,955 13,806,495 10,136,660 7,672,524 281,202 109,761 22,415 37,332,760 32,009,922 200,168 21,934,830 2,530,166 21,660,089 756,561 20,514 356,001 115,892 14,804,465 357, 111 4,835,136 19,424,528 EXPENSES. Salaries and wages. Officials. 14,032,671 31,749 173,3.56 351,687 132,679 63,683 14,390 18,900 31,656 4,445 14,220 72,684 139,648 108,522 243,242 92,963 5,700 900 519,970 554,551 4,498 226,884 34,275 326,511 29,735 969 12,120 3,640 204,032 15,428 93,464 606,170 Clerks, etc. $2,918,051 3,cyr2 245,051 125, 195 76,169 19,911 7,460 8,055 8,310 1,111 4,223 36,733 65,094 179,925 111,649 65,194 3,988 1,800 578,996 487,928 647 192,898 20,326 217,773 29,855 276 2,536 205,778 5,445 63,815 148,238 Wage earners. $60,575,901 421,329 240 7,198,585- 1,241,117. 1,409,802 598,205 153,024 326,097 107,037 20,940 111,961 784, 154 1,353,755 3,772,631 4,409,466 1,857,021 87,603 70,80.5 9,085 6,575,530 9,886,899 54,364 3,907,725 833,841 5 407,553 518,374 22,236 160, 165 16,830 3,455,314 118,999 821,645 4,862,903 For contract work. $4,092,789 288,348 2,921,676 2,200 7,751 5,000 375 3,875 64 925 37,694 22,378 2,652 16,916 1,700 1,800 892 145,836 64,600 28,443 42 2,647 481,692 52,383 "4,' 666 For materials. Principal materials. $86,726,894 351,641 3,650 10,062,691 1,206,952 2,515,542 879,618 214,336 252,395 284,078 43,166 138,614 1,013,366 2,519,765 5,649,835 6,779,288 2,967,064 113,805 118,019 12,301 9,682,734 11,165,879 42,306 5,841,702 1,585,712 8,962,761 380,330 11,836 207,154 6,001 6,412,941 133,510 1,561,442 5,607,460 Fuel and rent of power. $2,541,936 46,634 150 181,902 29,603 80,295 29,575 3,606 15,668 6,837 1,833 1,705 21,186 56,040 194, 833 153,404 152,739 6,278 1,650 620 220,902 363,981 1,346 235,050 25,604 289,423 20,804 730 2,370 1,380 92,962 2,912 50,503 250,511 Value of products. $185,852,192 1,048,578 8,945 19,777,911 6,217,274 4,328,002 1,795,519 454,390 760,307 463,069 83,199 279,168 2,606,767 4,882,131 12,205,557 12,185,354 5,637,103 269,256 304,. 578 47,9.52 20,311,529 31,357,645 188,640 12,160,007 2,91,5,346 16,816,071 1,523,614 35,143 515,972 33,521 10,829,812 308,872 3,826,847 11,674,113 Value added by manufacture. $96,583,362 1 650,303 5, 145 9,533,318 4,980,719 1,732,165 886,326 236,448 4ge,244 172, 154 38,200 138,849 1,572,216 2,306,326 6,360,889 6,252,662 2,617,300 150, 173 184,909 35,131 10,407,893 19,827,785 144,988 6,083,255 1,304,0.30 7,563,887 1,122,480 22, .577 306,448 27,140 4,323,909 172,450 2,214,902 6,816,142 34 MANUFACTURES. Table 37.— DETAIL STATISTICS FOR SHIPBUILDING, STATE. Num- ber Of estab- lisli- ments. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE INDUSTRY. WAGE EARNERS DEC. IS, OR NEAREST REPRESENTATIVE DAY. Capital. Total. Pro- prie- tors and firm mem- bers. Sala- ried oiB- cers, super- intend- ents, and mana- gers. Clerks, etc. Wage earners. Total. 16 and over. Under 16. Male. Fe- male. Aver- age num- ber. Number, ISth day of— Male. Fe- male. Male. Fe- male. Maximum month. Minimum month. SHIPBUILDING. INCLUDINa BOAT BUILDING. United States California Connecticut Georgia Indiana Kentucky Maryland Michigan Minnesota New nampshire New Jersey New York Ohio Peimsyivanla Texas Washington Wisconsin All other states < 1,147 52 37 4 9 11 42 62 30 7 8.5 207 29 33 14 64 34 427 48,667 3,730 673 18 249 117 2,685 1,430 169 24 6,981 6,732 3,046 5,052 189 1,623 789 15,160 1,192 42 30 4 6 13 44 61 36 10 74 224 29 37 13 75 33 461 995 129 136 45 67 7 36 27 1,765 438 264 72 173 1 60 28 358 226 16 8 6 71 44,489 3,457 514 14 225 90 2,468 l,2r.l 125 14 6,324 6,076 2,879 4,773 168 1,444 693 13,962 My 49,567 Ja My JV8 A"u Je 3,917 594 18 265 134 Jy 2,681 My 1, 783 My 163 Ap« 15 Je 6,827 My 7,078 i Mh 3,566 Je 5, 710 Se Fe My 241 1,717 1,048 No 37,843 Se Fe Ja« De Au 3,005 402 11 162 29 De 2,171 De 431 Oo 92 De 12 Se 5,921 Se 5,3.59 No 2,076 De 3,514 Fe No Se 105 1,128 356 i 42,735 42,453 90 11 1 3 978 552 11 1 168 1 1.56 2,488 650 128 18 1 6,129 5,762 2,696 3,630 170 1,302 669 14,228 1 3,966 538 11 168 1.56 2,474 647 128 IS 6,128 5.7,55 2,694 3,581 168 1,300 667 14,054 9 9 3 5 7 2 7 1 1 - 6 ....„ "'i' 1 44 "'i' 40 2 1 1 130 1 fli56,059,938 8, 147, 431 2,369,613 11,275 610,660 311,388 4,942,061 6,689,776 223,1.50 19,100 36,028,113 17,998,894 12, 870, 446 18,285,168 103,854 4, .599, 883 4,109,355 38,739,771 4 SHIPBUILDING, STEEL. United States California Connecticut Indiana Maryland Michigan New Jersey New York Ohio Wisconsin Ail other states' 79 35,664 3,291 331 202 2,182 1,010 5,607 3,222 2,739 545 16,535 24 561 53 26 6 52 27 79 32 32 15 239 1,447 131 67 8 83 36 382 149 66 23 512 124 33,508 3,096 226 187 2,039 935 5,142 3,023 2,623 504 15,733 Mh 36,788 Oc3 No3 Au Ja My 277 277 217 2,274 1,340 Je 5, 502 My 3,511 Mh 3,336 My 822 No 28,107 Ja Ja De De De 105 105 135 1,823 236 No 4, 810 Oc 2,659 No 1,828 Se 195 31,662 3,554 275 135 2,043 350 4,985 2.877 2,448 480 14,515 31,599 3,554 262 135 2,030 350 4,985 2,874 2,446 479 14,484 63 45 2 1 162 1 ]?132,712,414 7,529,481 1,202,187 552,503 4,321,595 6, 858, 876 33,120,371 10,692,514 12,410,069 3,760,779 53,263,439 SHIPBUILDING, WOODEN, INCLUDING BOAT BUILDING 1 United States 1,068 13,003 1,168 434 318 102 10,981 My 12,794 De 9,224 10,897 10,854 27 16 23,347,524 California ■) 44 34 6 65. 4 21 6 10 11 15 lft5 35 81 56 30 11 7 79 190 10 24 20 13 14 4 31 136 439 342 58 584 18 187 47 22 117 454 621 503 565 420 169 77 24 1,374 3,510 69 307 199 109 189 132 244 2,223 - 42 30 5 76 4 22 6 13 13 16' 121 42 81 56 36 12 10 72 218 11 29 31 14 13 4 33 158 17 14 6 15 15 6 4 4 361 288 47 486 14 137 38 9 90 419 461 429 435 326 125 65 14 1,182 3.053 56 256 163 86 168 119 191 1,963 Fe My Se Oc Au» '^p Au Ap Je Fe Mh Je My My My Jas Jy» Je My Ja Se Mh Mh Se Ap Je 409 357 67 602 18 179 48 13 134 551 512 502 570 443 163 83 15 1,325 3,567 76 298 223 119 241 153 243 Au No No Jy Ja> De De Ja' Au No De De Ja De Oo s; Fe Se My» Mh De De Fe Oc, De 274 230 30 413 11 98 27 7 29 266 363 348 314 195 92 47 12 1,057 2,654 51 230 106 54 105 86 150 424 277 59 484 11 137 33 10 156 442 479 445 429 300 128 61 18 1,144 2,885 52 248 161 72 170 126 189 1,957 412 276 59 482 11 137 33 10 156 439 475 444 426 297 128 61 18 1,143 2,881 52 248 161 72 168 126 188 1,951 9 3 1 617,950 1,167,426 82,675 1,095,969 11,275 394,351 58,157 37,476 311,388 610,809 1,062,306 620, 466 788,574 830,900 223,150 32,966 19, 100 2, 907, 742 7,306,380 85,005 459, 777 435,199 118,044 103,854 187, 429 348,576 3,430,580 3 Connecticut 4 % Florida 6 1 2 6 7 16 3 6 6 s Indiana q in 9 12 21 16 31 14 3 • 4 6 6 14 7 15 2 1 1 12 2 11 9 3 11 4 ...... 2 3 1? 13 1 2 1 14 15 Michigan . . . 16 17 MississiDDi IS New Hampshire 19 SO 104 1 13 2 4 7 4 12 60 56 115 1 6 2 5 1 5 5 35 14 20 3' 1 3' 7 1 4 90 New York 71 r? ■"I ?5 Texas 2 ^ West Virginia ''7 Wisconsin 1 5 ?S All other states " . I 1 Owned power only. 2 Includes rented power, other than electric. ' Same number reported for one or more other months, < All other states cmbnicc: -Mabama, 4 establishments: Delaware, 8; District of Columbia, 2; Florida, 66; Idaho, 2; Illinois, 22; Iowa, 11; Louisiana. 17; Maine, 107; Massachusetts, 84; Mississippi, 12; MissourI,3; North Carolina, 11; Oregon,21; Rhode Island, 15, South Carolina, 2; fl^thDakota,!; Tennessee,3; Vermont,2; Virginia, 29; West Virginia, 5. SHIPBUILDING. INCLUDING BOAT BUILDING, BY STATES: 1914. 35 EXPENSES. Value of products. Value added by manufac- ture. POWER. Salaries and wages. For contract work. Rent and taxes. For materials. Primary horsepower. Electric horse- power gener- ated in estab- lish- ments report- ing. Officials. Clerks, etc. Wage earners. Rent of factory. Taxes, including internal revenue and cor- poration mcome. Principal materials. Fuel and rent of power. Total. Steam en- gines.' Inter- nal- com- bus- Mon en- gines.' P Electric (rented) SHIPBUILDING, INCLUDING BOAT BUILDING. 52,741,432 $2,017,377 132,931,156 $531,779 $416,749 $706,395 $37,178,602 $1,418,368 $88,682,071 $50,085,101 116,333 79,599 5,655 94 30,085 36,190 1 174,2.56 191,307 254,118 112,433 3,196,424 458,379 8,055 134,404 62,356 1,573,469 1,039,516 89,323 10,138 4,657,008 4,971,058 1,938,565 3,411,350 123,266 1,151,913 420,593 9,695,349 34,726 895 24,170 11,069 366 72,376 5,238 90 2,994 1,065 25,772 44,553 1.829 266 54,376 112,998 91,629 46,782 270 45,237 30,617 170,304 3,377,146 327,061 4,231 260,383 131,669 2,028,870 1,189,847 153,530 11,742 6,486,445 4,954,781 1,764,752 4,635,922 277,827 951, 776 424, 001 11,198,619 109,438 15,140 106 7,088 2,896 72,960 68,896 3,964 526 149,849 217,997 143,828 161,353 823 35,087 27,154 401,263 8,104,033 1,66.5,293 15,840 506,362 221,788 4,521,169 2,822,5.57 317,111 38,525 11,860,965 14,195,298 4.716,787 9,539,865 473,524 3,101,446 1,2,54,088 26,327,420 4,617,449 1,323,092 11,503 238,891 87,223 2,419,339 1,563,814 159,617 26,257 6,224,671 9, 022, ,520 2,808,207 4,742,590 1^4,874 2,114,583 802,9.33 13,727,538 4,697 1,303 26 549 164 5,979 7,565 362 50 11,944 17,664 9,661 9,694 316 6,866 3,875 35,628 2,210 646 ""'376' 95 4,797 6,898 122 25 10,633 7, .539 7,970 2,243 222 3,866 3,108 28,865 84 111 23 76 39 230 298 186 20 569 1,203 90 37 94 122 189 2,184 "'ih' ""26' "'26' 2,403 516 3 103 30 952 353 44 S 742 8,902 1,601 7,388 5 ii' 2,433 2,241 5,114 765 6,251 17 1 1,055 717 17,590 2 3 4 16,054 15,271 107, 746 84,560 4,500 8,120 4,180 56,714 56,743 3,099 500 375 5 835 13,002 6,592 1,399 60 69,452 151,177 3,720 4,079 1,291 14,168 5,166 111,203 6 7 5,693 1,700 750 2,757 127,112 2,497 176 8 9 10 400,188 427,499 169,383 230,190 11,410 90,250 61,664 767,154 455,984 330,568 79,059 143,732 1,250 117,970 31,701 361,708 11 12 13 14 15 32, 180 ....„ 1,888 578 4,677 16 17 322,418 18 SHIPBUILDING, STEEL. $1,936,260 $1,650,346 $25,165,792 | $442,135 $123,487 148, 781 164,570 13,524 91,206 63,969 290,362 183,364 148,588 34,883 797,033 240,529 105, 752 8,120 47,055 39,219 394, 134 183,547 72,970 26,917 532,103 2,855,873 235,953 112,309 1, .323, 696 810, 473 3,740,073 2,478,265 1,791,649 298,915 11,618,596 32,585 566' 86,520 '32i,'632 6,000 7,000 2,200 32, 512 38,975 730 36,070 $545,478 i«28,097,457 $1,172,270 70,398 1,305 2,614 20,337 37,210 31,923 59,697 88,626 27,686 205,082 2,995,464 125,557 252, 772 1,705,212 946,890 4, 439, 115 2,161,352 1, 571, 259 230, 524 13,669,312 103, 540 5,757 6,506 65,049 60,412 117,145 128,993 140,066 21,999 522,804 $66,216,092 »36,940,96S 7, 130, 577 1, 107, 717 465,936 3, 776, 809 2,261,069 9, 292, 706 6, 835, 156 4,291,645 851,281 30,203,796 4,031,673 976, 403 206,659 2,006,548 1,253,767 4,736,446 4,544,811 2,580,320 598, 758 16,011,680 &3,70C 3,456 362 433 4,749 4,617 8,616 9,728 8,748 3,397 39,600 CO, 208 574 1,480 285 4,177 4,525 8,068 2,850 7,242 2,920 28,661 260 214 1,976 362 98 522 92 548 6,618 1,506 477 10,725 2,301 2,241 4,500 741 6,261 714 18,628 SHIPBUILDING, WOODEN, INCLUDING BOAT BUILDING. 805,166 7,765,364 89,644 293,262 100,917 246,098 22,465,379 13, 138, 136 31,627 19,391 4,762 94 7,161 25,475 26,731 3,694 46,236 22,470 2,530 15, 271 18,540 34,116 16,540 58,607 20,591 4,500 109,836 244,145 1,200 20,795 5,060 4,175 11,410 7,009 16, 781 89, 454 13,589 6,681 9,280 6,817 4,180 5,566 11,994 9,659 13,009 17,524 3,099 61,850 147,021 520 6,089 3,070 3,557 1,250 3,921 4,784 33,571 340, 651 222,426 27,544 334,287 8,055 99,909 22,095 6,128 52,356 234, 769 283,776 249, 773 328,025 229,043 89,323 31,278 10, 138 916,935 2,492,803 33,853 146,916 157,960 CI, 100 123,256 56,590 121,678 1,084,731 2,141 895 375 7,518 11,842 6,693 1,700 2,200 750 1,859 40,592 7,245 18, 170 4,069 700 4,825 366 4,941 116 836 1,716 4,372 10,802 35, 154 5,592 1,399 519 00 36,940 112,202 175 2,990 4,369 5,953 1,291 5,166 30,540 1,977 3,933 284 7,192 90 1,137 380 221 1,065 3,372 10,480 5,435 8,685 7,343 1,829 272 266 22,453 63,301 1,196 3,003 3,734 971 270 736 2,931 18,361 381,082 201,604 43,617 268,223 4,231 105,307 7,611 12, 424 131,669 263,113 635,754 323,658 385,373 242,967 153,530 46,072 11,742 1,047,330 2,793,429 37,471 193,493 111,557 40,668 277, 827 80,261 193,477 1,087,105 5,898 9,383 1,4.38 12, 178 106 2,852 583 418 2,896 5,356 10,353 7,911 9,900 8,484 3,964 714 526 32,704 89,004 428 3,762 2,891 2,208 752 6,156 26,411 973, 456 657, 576 82,664 804,399 15,840 283,341 . 40,426 32,600 221,788 663,263 1, 192, 866 744,360 1,061,115 561, 488 317,111 101,362 38,626 2,668,259 7,360,142 93,175 425, 142 332,074 158, 774 473, 524 160, 898 402, 807 2,798,514 586,876 346,689 37,599 523,998 11,503 175, 182 32,232 19,658 87,223 394, 794 546, 759 412,791 665,842 310,047 159, 617 54, 576 26,257 1, 488, 225 4, 477, 709 55,276 227,887 217,626 115,898 194,874 79,885 204,175 1,685,938 1,241 941 195 1,489 26 251 116 44 164 1,144 1,270 1,230 1,513 2,948 352 170 50 3,328 7,936 IQO 913 445 303 316 138 478 4,466 730 646 163 422 86 4 95 940 575 620 696 2,373 122 145 25 2, .565 4,689 62 728 247 230 222 138 188 2,681 84 111 27 687 23 123 26 174 276 180 269 298 186 12 20 569 943 35 90 51 14 94 189 209 30 16 20 427 154 5 380 3 128 5 5 30 30 419 430 548 261 44 13 5 194 2,284 3 95 147 119 101 1,331 132 2 614 14 'All other statesembrace: Delaware, 2establishments: Florida, 1: Illinois, l;Iowa, 1: Louisiana, 2; Maine, 2; Massachusetts, 3; Mississippi, 1; North Carolina, 1; Oregon, 1; Pennsylvania, 5: Rhode Island, 2: Virginia, 1: Washington, 3; West ^"i^f,^nia, 1. •Allotherstatesembracc: Alabama, 4 establishments; District of Columbia, 2; Idaho, 2; Missouri, 3; Pennsylvania, 28; South Carolina, 2; South Dakota, 1; Tennessee, 3; Vermont, 2; Virginia, 28; Washington, 61. o THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW AN INITIAL FINE OF 25 CENTS WILL BE ASSESSED FOR FAILURE TO RETURN THIS BOOK ON THE DATE DUE. THE PENALTY WILL INCREASE TO SO CENTS ON THE FOURTH DAY AND TO $1.00 ON THE SEVENTH DAY OVEI^DUE. ^ OCT 18 1938 M ML24 l?,Nov'54BS Rc_C'D LD NOV 12 19 6 1 a*Q c t'62l ll |H REC'D LD ^^' 1Q19$Z W^Z^'^ ^ W l8Apr'56KK -m , 41956 L: 3Ma y^56GB m^ APR 1 9 195B LV Apry'59WP nrt^ -m- yw 26Nov6 1 JC JU W2l'9ft iJiH. eiR. MAY i- i ^^i 1? 198Z ^^"P JUL ^ ''' 1 08 2 *>^^ 5 ^ 986 ^''•''''' ,,t;Q< t C«ncFFRi^W YE lOObb THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY 986771