The 
 
 Radical fr re 
 
 ^ for 
 
 f° 
 
 land
 
 E. J. PAPE, Esq.. 
 
 26, PORTLAND PLACE, 
 
 London, 
 
 w.
 
 THE 
 
 EADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND
 
 THJ? 
 
 RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND 
 
 A LETTER 
 
 TO 
 
 THE PEOPLE OF ENGLAND AND SCOTLAND 
 CONCEBNING A NEW PLANTATION 
 
 COMMUNICATED THROUGH A LIVING FRIEND 
 
 BY 
 
 CHICHESTEE'S GHOST 
 
 WITH TWO MAPS 
 
 WILLIAM BLACKWOOD AND SONS 
 
 EDINBURGH AND LONDON 
 
 MDCCCXC 
 
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 PPiEFATOKY NOTE. 
 
 Sir Arthur Chichester, an English Puritan of 
 moderate views, was Lord Deputy of Ireland from 
 
 UJ 
 
 1604 to 1616, and chief organiser of the Great 
 Plantation. He was born in 1563, the second son 
 of Sir John Chichester of Rawleigh, near Barnstaple. 
 He served against the Armada, and afterwards with 
 Henry IV. of France, who knighted him at the siege 
 of Amiens. He was appointed Governor of Carrick- 
 fergus in 1599, and served as a major-general in 
 Tyrone's war. In 1603 he was made a Privy Coun- 
 cillor, and in 1613 raised to the peerage as Lord 
 Chichester of Belfast. He got a grant of the 
 northern coast of Belfast Lough in Tyrone's war, 
 and of the peninsula of Innishowen on the for- 
 feiture of O'Doherty in 1607. On his death in 
 1625, these estates passed to his brother Edward, 
 whose son Arthur was the first Earl of Donegall. 
 
 THE EDITOR. 
 
 410317
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 I. THE MALADY, ..... 
 
 II. THE REMEDY, AND PROBABLE OBJECTIONS, 
 III. THE CONDITIONS OF SUCCESS, . 
 IV. PARTICULARS OF TREATMENT, . 
 V. THE COURSE OF THE CURE, 
 VI. AIDS AND PRECAUTIONS, 
 VII. GENERAL VINDICATION, .... 
 APPENDIX 
 
 SCHEDULE 
 
 I. THE GRAND DUCHY OF ULSTER, . 
 
 II. NEW BARONIES IN ULSTER, 
 
 III. NEW COUNTIES, ..... 
 
 IV. NEW PARLIAMENTARY DIVISIONS, 
 
 V. SHORT LIST OF NEW BARONIES IN LEINSTER, 
 
 PAOE 
 1 
 
 27 
 51 
 55 
 79 
 111 
 118 
 
 J 27 
 130 
 167 
 185 
 190
 
 THE 
 
 RADICAL CUBE FOB IRELAND. 
 
 BY 
 
 CHICHESTER'S GHOST. 
 
 EEEATA. 
 
 Page 28, line 8, for " former " read " future." 
 33, line 17, for " to" read "below." 
 46, line 5, for "might lie" read "may be." 
 57, Hue 5, and 60, line I, for " Radicals" read u Jacobyns." 
 
 88, line 12, for " five " read "six." 
 
 89, line 26, read " Lower" before "Tyrconnell." 
 89, line 27, for " Donegal" read " Upper Tyrconnell." 
 
 126, 2d line from end, for "worst" read "worse." 
 192, transpose the word* " Ida" and " Iverk." 
 
 light of old experience. Hear me ! 
 
 2. Said Mr T. W. Russell, M.P. (who probably 
 knows more about Ireland than an}' other member of 
 the House of Commons), speaking on the occasion of 
 Mr Chamberlain's visit to Belfast (12th October 1887), 
 " The real solution of the Irish difficulty lies in the 
 fact that the laws in Ulster and the rest of Ireland
 
 THE 
 
 EADICAL CUEE FOE IEELAND. 
 
 BY 
 
 CHICHESTER'S GIIOST. 
 
 I. 
 THE MALADY. 
 
 1. Nearly three hundred years ago I lived, and 
 worked, and. left my mark in Ireland. Since then I 
 have watched the course of English mismanagement 
 with an ever-growing painful interest. The time is 
 now ripe for me to preach with some hope of prevail- 
 ing. I speak the words of fresh knowledge in the 
 light of old experience. Hear me ! 
 
 2. Said Mr T. W. Russell, M.P. (who probably 
 knows more about Ireland than any other member of 
 the House of Commons), speaking on the occasion of 
 Mr Chamberlain's visit to Belfast (12th October 1887), 
 " The real solution of the Irish difficulty lies in the 
 fact that the laws in Ulster and the rest of Ireland 
 
 A
 
 2 THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 are the same, but the people are different. The other 
 three provinces are governed by priests, patriots, and 
 publicans, and between them these have gone far to 
 make mendicancy a virtue and laziness a fine art, and 
 utterly destroyed the self-reliance of the great mass of 
 the people. The greater part of the population south 
 of Dublin lives in a state of Micawberism, waiting 
 for something to turn up ; and if the English and 
 Scottish elements could be abstracted from the com- 
 merce of Dublin and Cork, those cities would be left 
 wildernesses." 
 
 3. Said Lord Eosebery (who probably knows as 
 little about Ireland as any member of the House of 
 Lords), speaking a week earlier at Ipswich, "The 
 Irish have an association (the National League) of 
 which I do not know enough to say one thing or 
 another, to say either good or evil about it, except 
 this, that Sir Redvers Buller, the permanent Under- 
 Secretary for Ireland, said of it in public evidence, 
 that the people of Ireland considered it their salvation. 
 Either the people of Ireland must be very bad, or the 
 association must be very good, that a nation should 
 hold such an opinion about it." 
 
 4. The Union party will not be troubled by this 
 imaginary dilemma. Every honest and competent 
 observer will answer without hesitation, that the Irish 
 people — meaning, of course, the Roman Catholics (as 
 does Lord Eosebery) — are very bad indeed. Not 
 altogether bad as human beings. Besides some glit- 
 tering sham virtues, which are apt to impose greatly 
 on first acquaintance, they have some real virtues,
 
 THE MALADY. 3 
 
 chiefly of a primitive type, which make them useful 
 as soldiers and constables. They are not bad when 
 under control. But they are thoroughly bad as free 
 citizens of a civilised country. They are destitute of 
 the civic virtues which would qualify them to stand 
 side bv side with the solid Saxons of England and 
 Scotland as ruling members of that United Kingdom, 
 which still moves in the forefront of enlightened com- 
 miuiities. They have neither the self-control nor the 
 steadiness of purpose, the love of order nor the sense 
 of justice. 
 
 5. With the Irishman, as with other semi-savages, 
 " getting justice " means simply getting his own way. 
 Could there be a clearer proof of this than their 
 behaviour about the sliding-scale of judicial rents I 1 
 These were fixed for fifteen years, greatly to their 
 advantage, at a time when prices were lower than 
 they had been for a generation. To everybody's sur- 
 prise, prices went lower still, and the tenants howled 
 for a further reduction. This was conceded, with the 
 necessary proviso that a corresponding addition should 
 be made, if prices rose. In 1888 they did rise, and 
 the Commissioners could not decently refuse to make 
 some change in favour of the landlords. They did so 
 very slightly, far less than they ought ; and instantly 
 there was a storm of protest and invective, led by the 
 national hero O'Brien. In 1889 the rise continued, 
 with the same results ; and now there is another dis- 
 honest howl, coupled with hopes of evasive chicanery. 
 
 1 Or the behaviour of Captain Vandeleur's tenants in Clare, after 
 assenting to the arbitration of Sir Charles Russell.
 
 4 THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 6. Another beautiful illustration is found in the 
 anonymous article 1 by an Irish prelate in the ' Con- 
 temporary Review ' of August 1889 — an inspired com- 
 munication, whose full significance will be pointed out 
 at a later stage. " Monsignor Persico began to inspire 
 distrust." Why ? Because he shamelessly took evi- 
 dence from both sides before forming an opinion. The 
 Papal Commissioner actually "oscillated between the 
 dinner - tables of landlords and the palaces of the 
 bishops " ! Truly the Irishman's notion of fair play is 
 " Heads I win, tails you lose." He is a being in whom 
 reason, will, and conscience are the mere slaves of 
 his passions ; in short, he is but a child of a larger 
 growth, unstable as water, reckless of his own future, 
 and equally reckless of the rights of others. People 
 who confess that they are not fit for freedom of con- 
 tract, prove themselves unfit for trial by jury and 
 representative government. 
 
 7. The following extract from the Edinburgh ' Scots- 
 man ' (8th October 1887), — by whom written I do not 
 know — is long to quote, but every word of it is worthy 
 to be read and digested. It must carry to every 
 mind the conviction of having been written by an 
 honest man, who thoroughly knows his subject, and 
 desires only to tell the truth about it. He tells us 
 what all Scotsmen who know the Irish really think 
 about them, and what even Mr Gladstone's idolaters 
 would say, if they did not hate the lairds, or the 
 Established Church, somewhat more than they hate 
 the workers of iniquity. 
 
 1 The Papacy : A Revelation and a Prophecy, p. 165.
 
 THE MALADY. 
 
 SCOTTISH AND IRISH UNEMPLOYED — A CONTRAST. 
 
 It seems to rne that we are crazy on the Irish question 
 — crazy for two reasons, because of the utter hopelessness of 
 ever improving Irishmen by the conciliatory legislation we 
 are giving them, and because of the neglect with which it 
 leads us to treat the suffering at our own doors. And our 
 legislators are neither more nor less than the direct enemies 
 of our country, and of Ireland too, who are constantly talk- 
 ing of Irish affairs, to the neglect of everything else. If our 
 own people were in a state of material happiness and pros- 
 perity, if our blast-furnaces were all going and our foundries 
 busy, if orders were pouring into our shipbuilding yards, if 
 trade and commerce were prosperous, we might afford to go 
 on trifling and dallying with Ireland, and bearing with its 
 wicked leaders and its wretched people as we have been 
 doing. But when the reverse of all that is the case — when 
 our engineering shops are silent, and our shipyards closed, 
 and our commerce languishing, and hundreds and thousands 
 of the men and families who are the backbone of the 
 country are in forced idleness and in voluntary semi-star- 
 vation (I shall explain what I mean by that), and when the 
 Irish in our own midst are always and everywhere a nui- 
 sance — imposing on our churches, sponging on our benevo- 
 lent societies, living at our expense in our poorhouses, dis- 
 turbing the peace of our towns and villages, filling our jails 
 and prisons — it is time that the country took the matter 
 up, and settled it in a summary and effective fashion. Not 
 many of us can get to Ireland to see for ourselves the 
 real condition of affairs, and amid so many conflicting 
 accounts it is difficult to know what to believe; but all of 
 us can look at the character of the Irish in our own midst, 
 and at that of our own working men. I am persuaded that 
 neither the one nor the other is properly realised by us, or 
 things would never be allowed to go on as they do. Take 
 a few facts regarding both. I was lately at Dumbarton, 
 The state of trade in that town is lamentable. Out of six
 
 6 THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 large shipbuilding yards only one is working — that is to 
 say, about 5000 men have been thrown idle. The day I 
 was there half the clerks in one well-known shipyard were 
 paid off, until reviving trade (if it ever revives, and they 
 can wait till then) should permit of their being taken on 
 again. Of these 5000 men fully one-third were Irish, the 
 others of course Scottish. Now notice how they respectively 
 acted. Most of these Scotsmen who were unmarried left the 
 town to seek employment elsewhere ; most of the married 
 men remained, and are there now, living as best they can, 
 honestly and independently, as a rule practising self-denial, 
 and often suffering great privation ; bearing their share of 
 the public burdens, and even voluntarily paying their 
 church seat-rents and subscribing to their church funds, 
 but never on any account taking aid from benevolent 
 societies, far less going on the poor-rates. And how did 
 the Irish act ? In a way exactly the opposite of all that. 
 Scarcely one of them has left the town ; but there they 
 are to be seen, day by day, in idleness and in dirt, meanly 
 living at the expense of the town and their neighbours, 
 draining the funds of the charitable societies, and filling 
 the poorhouse and swelling the rates. If the living thus 
 obtained be not sufficient, they add to it by begging and bor- 
 rowing. Indeed, this latter mode of obtaining what is not 
 their own is universally practised in all circumstances. As 
 a worthy old resident in Dumbarton said to me — " The 
 Irish never lose their desire to possess themselves of other 
 folk's property." They become a source of mischief, too, in 
 other ways. They increase the police rates. Almost every 
 man, woman, and child who figures in the Dumbarton police 
 court is Irish. The other day seven who were fined and im- 
 prisoned for being drunk and disorderly were not only Irish, 
 but virtually and absolutely paupers, dependent for every 
 potato they ate and every drop of drink they swallowed, on 
 the benevolence or gullibility of their neighbours. Surely 
 things have come to a pass in Scotland, as well as in Ireland, 
 when we are found supporting and nourishing lawbreakers
 
 THE MALADY. 7 
 
 and criminals. " If thine enemy hunger, feed him," has been 
 long literally obeyed by us, both as a nation and as munici- 
 palities, in our dealings with the Irish. 
 
 Again, it will be found that what the Irish are in Dum- 
 barton that they are everywhere. In Edinburgh we are not 
 troubled with them to any extent, but in Glasgow, Paisley, 
 Greenock, and industrial centres in the west, they swarm like 
 locusts, and disturb the peace, and eat up every green thing. 
 A friend of mine, a thorough Gladstonian — but that is a 
 thing of the past with him, for like many other Mid-Lothian 
 electors, he has had his eyes opened lately — wanted to show 
 kindness to our Hibernian friends. He had a property 
 consisting of working-men's houses in Glasgow. In an 
 unlucky moment he let several of these to Irishmen. He 
 only regretted it once. Not one ever paid him a farthing 
 of rent. More than that, they lived in such filth and 
 wretchedness, in such idleness and drunkenness, that the 
 whole neighbourhood was deteriorated, and he at last had 
 to choose between keeping them and losing all his other 
 tenants, or parting with them and keeping the latter. He 
 wisely determined on this last course. He had to "evict" 
 them — no easy matter even in Glasgow. If, however, his 
 property had been in Dublin instead of this side the Channel, 
 he would doubtless have been denounced as one of those 
 inhuman landlords of whom we hear so much, and very 
 likely he would have been stabbed or shot by somebody's 
 orders. The meanness of these Irish is also illustrated 
 by this fact. To become entitled to receive aid from the 
 Glasgow poor-rates, one must have lived three years in the 
 city. This was felt to be a great hardship by emigrants from 
 the sister isle. A three years' apprenticeship was rather 
 a long time to serve for the receipt of public bounty. So 
 some years ago a strong effort was made by them to get this 
 law altered, ami to make simple residence in Glasgow, 
 irrespective of time, a sufficient qualification for the enjoy- 
 ment of poorhouse support. One can imagine the droves 
 and hordes of hungry, ignorant, half-civilised beings that
 
 8 THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 would have been landed by steamer day by day at the 
 metropolis of the west. That city suffers quite enough from 
 them as it is. Let any one take up a Glasgow newspaper 
 and read its police reports, and he will find this — that for 
 every Scottish and English name that occurs there are a 
 score of Irish ones. As a Glasgow man said, " They fill our 
 poorhouses and our jails, and we cannot get even the use of 
 our own gallows for them." 
 
 Aaain, in contrast to all that, take another illustration of 
 the conduct of our own countrymen under privations and 
 sufferings as real and as prolonged as any of those the Irish 
 are called on to endure. The scene is in Stirlingshire. Be- 
 tween the " Town of the Eock " and Larbert, I found lately 
 quite a number of " deserted villages." What was the explana- 
 tion ? They were once inhabited by hand-nailers, men who 
 made nails by hand. But that trade has declined. Machinery 
 has almost displaced it. For every score of men once em- 
 ployed at it not a couple are wanted now. In these villages 
 the long low cottages had a " but and a ben," and served as a 
 house and shop. The smithy was at one end and the dwell- 
 ing at the other. What had become of the inhabitants ? For 
 a long time they endured privations, waiting quietly on, and 
 hoping for better times, which never came. At last, one by 
 one, they left their old homes and birthplaces, some to seek 
 another kind of work elsewhere in Scotland, but the majority 
 to quit their native land altogether for the colonies and 
 America. And there stand their silent smithies and homes. 
 They did not need to be evicted from them. The country 
 heard nothing of their loss of trade and sufferings. But had 
 they been low Irish instead of brave Scottish, what an ado 
 would have been made! They, in the first place, would 
 have clung to their houses at all costs, and begged, borrowed, 
 or stolen a livelihood. Then we should have heard of cruel 
 landlords and heartless evictions of whole families, from bed- 
 ridden grandmothers to newly born babes, turned out in cold 
 and hunger to perish on the roadside ; and all this, too, near 
 the historic field of Bannockburn, where tyranny and oppres-
 
 THE MALADY. 9 
 
 sion were once gloriously met and vanquished. We should 
 be told that we want another Bruce to lead us against land- 
 lords and landowners, and to champion the oppressed. What 
 a pity for the cause of the Gladstonians that they were not 
 Irish ! What a capital argument against the Government 
 and in favour of Home Piule might have been made out of 
 their wrongs ! 
 
 And what are most of the Irish at best ? What positions 
 of trust or importance do they fill ? In busy times they are 
 necessary evils. Skilled workmen in shipbuilding yards and 
 foundries have one or two about them in the capacity of 
 labourers to carry their tools and materials ; but how rarely 
 do you find them skilled workmen themselves ! " Gibeonites," 
 that is their normal condition — hewers of wood and drawers 
 of water. I noticed in Glasgow that very frequently Irish 
 names appeared above public-house doors, especially in low 
 localities ; but I learned that even these men were not the 
 owners of these businesses, but the mere tools and agents of 
 others. They are also largely employed on the tramway lines, 
 and dirty, ragged enough fellows they are. 
 
 Explain it as you may, on the ground of race, or religion, 
 or upbringing, the fact everywhere holds that Irishmen do 
 only the lowest kinds of work, and make themselves a nui- 
 sance wherever they are into the bargain. It is all very well 
 for Mr Gladstone to ask in irony and scorn, " Have the Irish 
 a double dose of original sin ? " Whether that be the case or 
 not, I cannot tell ; but this is patent to the world, they have a 
 double, triple, quadruple dose of actual sin. No matter where 
 they be, or in what circumstances, in Scotland as in Ireland, 
 in America as in our colonies, they seem to have the same 
 nature. As statistics lately showed in the ' Scotsman,' they, 
 and they almost alone, form the criminal class in Canada. 
 
 John Bright has said that no Parliament in the world save 
 ours would tolerate the anomaly of having sixty of its mem- 
 bers paid by a foreign nation; and surely no people in the 
 world save ourselves would tolerate in their midst such an 
 idle, mischievous class of men as these Irish are. All who
 
 10 THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 know their character know that the only way to do them any 
 real good is to deal with them with a firm strong hand. 
 
 8. The evidence of Irish civic incompetence is in- 
 deed overwhelming. You in England and Scotland 
 all know how vastly disproportionate is the number 
 of Irish-born criminals to that of the Irish immigrants 
 who have settled among you. As Sir Lyon Playfair 
 said four years ago, " In England, if the Irish were as 
 orderly as the rest of the population, there would be 
 3500 prisoners sent to the jails instead of 22,000." 
 There are two millions of Irishmen among the thirty- 
 two millions who inhabit England and Scotland. 
 That is one reason why Irish crime in Ireland does 
 not show a very much higher ratio than all crime in 
 Great Britain. Another is, that in Ireland so many 
 crimes are never reported for fear of private venge- 
 ance, or from despair of getting justice for w r ant of 
 honest and courageous witnesses. They may indeed 
 argue that here in Great Britain they are almost all 
 poor townsfolk (which is true) ; and that they live 
 under an oppressive government and social system 
 (which they may get ignorant foreigners to believe). 
 But they cannot set up the same excuses in America. 
 Yet there statistics tell the same unflattering tale. 
 Here are the figures for the province of Ontario 
 (Upper Canada), which is almost entirely rural. 
 Land is cheap, and labour dear ; Government demo- 
 cratic, and society of that American type which is the 
 modern Irishman's ideal. There, if anywhere, the 
 Irishman ought to be happy and virtuous. What is 
 the result of all these advantages ? " The census of
 
 THE MALADY. 11 
 
 1881 showed the population of this province to be 
 1,923,228. Of these, 130,094, or 6.77 per cent were 
 Irish by birth, and 320,839, or 16. 6S per cent were 
 Eonian Catholics. [Very few of these Upper 
 Canadian Eoman Catholics are French.] The popu- 
 lation has increased since then, but the above pro- 
 portions have been fairly maintained. If anything, 
 the percentage of persons born in Ireland has de- 
 creased. In the year ending September 1886, the 
 convictions for all crimes and misdemeanours in 
 Ontario numbered 6490. The number of those con- 
 victed who were born in Ireland was 2226. 6.77 per 
 cent of the people contributed 34.29 per cent of the 
 crime ! No less than 3S44 of the convicted persons 
 were Eoman Catholics. 16.68 of the people contrib- 
 uted 59.22 per cent of the crime ! " : 
 
 9. On the other side of the great lakes, again, the 
 same tale is told. President Adams, of Cornell Uni- 
 versity, writing in the ' Contemporary Eeview ' of 
 November 1887, says that in New England "the 
 tendency to crime on the part of the Celtic foreign 
 element is twelve times as great as on the part of the 
 native stock." Throughout America and Australia 
 they are justly despised by the men of other nation- 
 alities, though nattered by venal politicians, and 
 the unscrupulous party -newspapers which hide and 
 falsify the general opinion. They speak of them- 
 selves as an essentially agricultural people, devoured 
 by a land-hunger, and so incapable of getting a living 
 otherwise than as tillers of the soil, that " an eviction 
 
 1 Letter from Hamilton (Canada) in 'Times' of 16th Sept. 1887
 
 12 THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 is a sentence of death." Yet when they reach 
 countries where land is to be got for the asking, they 
 prefer to loaf about the great towns, and try (very 
 often successfully) to live by plundering their neigh- 
 bours, under the name of municipal taxation. In 
 Ireland itself some town councils and Boards of 
 Guardians have made a very good beginning in the 
 same line of business. The Dublin paving contract is 
 not unworthy of the city-fathers of New York itself. 
 
 10. The distinctive character of the Irish Eoman 
 Catholics is a fact, explain it how we may — a 
 sensible fact, loud, glaring, and now very rasping. 
 Eace and religion have each a share in its for- 
 mation. Archbishop Trench thought that race had 
 a larger share than religion ; and the recent unex- 
 pected behaviour of the Scottish crofters and Welsh 
 farmers will be cited as a proof of his penetratiou. 
 By "race," however, I do not mean (nor do I think 
 that the Archbishop meant) simple identity of blood, 
 but identity of social conditions and moral environ- 
 ment, working through so many generations as to 
 produce a persistent general character in the popula- 
 tion of the area affected. Doubtless it will be said 
 that the southern Irish population is by no means 
 purely Celtic ; their appearance and the Milesian 
 tradition indeed make it likely that they are less 
 Celtic than Iberian. Language proves nothing to the 
 contrary. The higher will displace the lower, when 
 two are spoken in close proximity by not very 
 unequal numbers. There have been from time to 
 time infusions of Teutonic blood into Leinster,
 
 THE MALADY. 13 
 
 Minister, and even Connaught, especially along the 
 coast ; but a very large part, if not the majority of 
 the Danes and other early settlers, were dwellers in 
 towns. Urban populations inevitably die out in a 
 few generations, and the towns must be replenished 
 from the country. In 1731 two-thirds of the 13,000 
 families in Dublin were Protestant. A century and 
 a half later we find the Protestants less than a fifth of 
 the population of the city proper, and hardly a fourth. 
 if we include Kingstown and the other suburbs. Cork 
 had more Protestants in 1731 than it has now, though 
 the total population is twice as great. 
 
 11. The rural English settlers before the seven- 
 teenth century were too few and too scattered, either 
 to preserve their own character (except in South Wex- 
 ford), or to modify that of their neighbours (except in 
 some portions of the Pale). A knight with a score of 
 men-at-arms would be the entire colony of a barony. 
 They adopted native customs, and were absorbed in 
 the surrounding mass, becoming ipsis Hibernicis 
 Hiberniores. Some indeed were probably of Silurian 
 (Iberian) rather than Gothic race ; for Strongbow 
 and his followers came from South Wales. Mental 
 qualities are not so persistent as physical qualities, and 
 the heredity of moral qualities is weaker still. They 
 are moulded in a great degree by social conditions and 
 prevailing opinions. And it must never be forgotten 
 that the strangers brought few women with them, and 
 consequently took native wives. Character is formed 
 more by mothers than by fathers. Even in the Pale, 
 the natives have had more influence on the English
 
 14 THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 than the English on the natives. We can see the 
 influence of the larger over the smaller element of the 
 population in the character of the Protestants outside 
 Ulster. We often find in them the fatal defects of the 
 Irish nature, though generally in a less degree. There 
 is the same weak, changeful, improvident disposition ; 
 the same specious false ideals of conduct ; the same 
 generosity without justice, which is indeed only a dis- 
 guised form of self-indulgence ; the same insensibil- 
 ity to reason ; and the same incapacity for accuracy 
 and perseverance. 1 
 
 12. The later settlement of Leinster and Munster by 
 Cromwell was largely evanescent, and was altogether 
 a much slighter thing than is generally supposed. It 
 was very thorough on paper, but only with regard to 
 the south-east quarter of Leinster ; and even there it 
 was never really carried out. The war did not end 
 till the middle of 1652, and the Act for the settling 
 of Ireland was not passed till more than a year after. 
 The date of the forfeiture was 27th September 1653, 
 but the old landowners were allowed to remain till 1st 
 May 1654. The survey had still to be made under 
 great difficulties, and the disbandment of the army 
 and assignment of land to the soldiers did not begin, 
 therefore, till September 1655. Cromwell died only 
 three years later. Such a period was absurdly in- 
 adequate for so great a project, even if he had been 
 free to devote his whole attention to Ireland. As a 
 matter of fact, the adventurers and the officers of 
 the army were almost the only settlers of Leinster 
 
 1 See Mr Froude's masterly analysis, ' Eng. in Ireland,' p. 20, et al.
 
 THE MALADY. 15 
 
 and Minister. As Prendergast explains, 1 many of the 
 common soldiers sold their land-debentnres before the 
 assignment took place, and many others refused to 
 settle when the time came. The state of the country 
 was not inviting. Others, again, were cheated when 
 their land was pointed out. On seeing a bit of bog 
 thev were induced to sell for a sons: the title to some 
 really valuable holding. Only a third of the 33,000 
 debentures were made use of in any manner what- 
 ever ; and it is doubtful whether even one thousand 
 of Cromwell's soldiers actually settled as farmers in 
 the south of Ireland. 
 
 13. There was doubtless a great (almost complete) 
 displacement of landlords, though many recovered their 
 estates after the Kestoration ; but there was no such 
 displacement of the actual tillers of the soil. If they 
 had gone, the new landlords could have got no rent. 
 There was nothing like the Plantation of Ulster, and 
 the deportation of the peasantry was never even in- 
 tended, except in the five counties of "Wexford, Wick- 
 low, Carlo w, Kildare, and Dublin (south of the Liffey). 
 The three latter were, however, like Cork, reserved for 
 the Government ; and only in the two former was 
 there any serious attempt to plant. All the Irish were 
 ordered to remove themselves before the 1st of May 
 1655. But the new landlords and yeomen could not 
 do without their labour. Consequently, the Govern- 
 ment at first granted various dispensations, delays, and 
 exceptions, and in the end allowed the scheme to drop 
 out of sight. Here, however, there was some settle- 
 
 1 Cromwellian Settlement, pp. 222-235.
 
 16 ° THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 ment of English farmers. Dublin was close, and much 
 of the country had been depopulated by long and 
 ferocious guerilla warfare, ending with the great mas- 
 sacres by Coote. In the next century Lord Fitzwilliam 
 filled the barony of Shillelagh with Protestant tenants 
 for the sake of their votes. Wicklow, with north Wex- 
 ford and north-east Carlow, forms the most Protestant 
 part of Ireland outside Ulster. The first county is 
 indeed more Protestant than Cavan. 
 
 14. As already pointed out, the soldiers who settled 
 as yeomen were few, and the new Protestant tenants 
 outside Wicklow were fewer still. Many even of these 
 disappeared before the Revolution. They were ruined 
 by the suppression of the cattle-trade under Charles II. 
 and by the persecution under his brother. More 
 Enolishmen settled in the towns : but these w T ere 
 impoverished by the Navigation Laws before the 
 Revolution, and after it were depopulated by the 
 suppression of the woollen manufacture. Professor 
 Huxley, 1 indeed, seems to think that there is about 
 as much English blood in Tipperary as in Devonshire. 
 But if so, why is Tipperary one of the most Roman 
 Catholic counties in Ireland % The Protestants are 
 less than 6 per cent of the population, and a third of 
 them are concentrated in a few north-west parishes 
 adjoining King's County, about Roscrea and in the 
 barony of Lower Ormoncl. These parts of the county 
 were planted, chiefly by the Earl of Ormond, several 
 years before the outbreak of the great Civil War. If 
 Cromwell's soldiers had ever formed a fourth, a fifth, 
 
 1 Critiques and Addresses, p. 177.
 
 THE MALADY. 17 
 
 or even a seventh of the population of any barony, 
 they would have kept their faith like the contem- 
 porary or earlier settlers of Wicklow, Cavan, and 
 Monaghan. Nor can Tipperary have derived much 
 Teutonic blood from earlier settlers. Few Danes 
 can have stayed so far from the sea. Though it 
 was made shireland by King John, and in the cen- 
 tury following became the County Palatine - 1 of the 
 Butlers, it was never really an English county like 
 Kilkenny. Few English names appear in the map 2 
 prepared by Macdermott for the ' Annals of the Four 
 Masters ' ; and even now the county has quite the 
 average number of Celtic landlords. The difference 
 in stature and complexion between Tipperary and 
 the south-west may be due to the former having not 
 more Gothic and less Celtic blood, but more Celtic and 
 less Iberian. The Gauls, Britons, and Picts were large 
 fair men ; and so, according to tradition, was at least 
 one of the old Irish stocks, the tribe of the Dedannans. 
 But no one can look at the common Spaniard without 
 being struck by his resemblance to the typical " Paddy 
 from Cork." 
 
 15. Practically Irishman and Roman Catholic are 
 convertible terms in Ireland ; and there can be no 
 doubt that the religion has confirmed, if not aggra- 
 vated, the faults of the race. The Irish never had 
 warmer friends than Mr and Mrs S. C. Hall ; but 
 they were compelled to say that the Roman religion 
 
 1 This probably was the reason for it being reckoned English in the 
 statutes of Kilkenny (1307). 
 
 2 Reprinted in the larger editions of Trench's ' Realities of Irish Life.' 
 
 B
 
 18 THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 was less favourable than that of Protestants to in- 
 dustry and improvement, and that anything which 
 would increase the number of Protestants would be 
 one of the greatest possible benefits to the country. 1 
 Mr Nassau Senior is the beau ideal of a dispassionate 
 philosophic observer. Visiting the barony of Mourne 
 (in South Down), where the people are nearly equally 
 divided between the two religions, and all live under 
 the same conditions, he saw a distinct superiority in 
 all the signs of civilisation on the side of the Pro- 
 testants. 2 Mr Lecky is a critic by no means un- 
 friendly to the Eoman Catholics. Indeed Scotsmen 
 may think that he has an obvious bias against Pro- 
 testants of their type ; yet he corroborates the Halls, 
 and cannot help admitting that the Eoman Catholic 
 is a religion of a lower type than the Protestant. 3 
 " It produces habits of thought and life not fa- 
 vourable to industrial activity, and extremely op- 
 posed to political freedom." And " no country will 
 ever play a great and honourable part in the world, 
 if the policy of its rulers or the higher education 
 of its people is subject to the control of the Catholic 
 priesthood." 
 
 16. In truth the Eoman Catholic religion is not 
 simply Christianity, but a mixture of Christianity with 
 pagan notions and practices. This Mr Lecky has well 
 explained in his ' History of Eationalism in Europe.' 4 
 Its composite character is at once the strength and 
 the weakness of the Eoman Church. Hence its rapid 
 
 1 Ireland, iii. 378 and 395. 2 Journal in Ireland, ii. 72. 
 
 3 History of England, ii. 383, 384, 388. 4 See i. 36, 211 ; ii. 211.
 
 THE MALADY. 19 
 
 diffusion in barbarous Europe, and hence the success 
 of its modern missions. Hence also the stagnation 
 and comparative decadence of thoroughly Roman 
 Catholic nations like Spain, which were once in the 
 van of civilisation. The pagan element renders the 
 whole more readily acceptable by heathens, and the 
 Christian element thus o-ets a fulcrum for the moral 
 elevation of laro-e masses of mankind. But its elevat- 
 ing power is soon exhausted, and it then becomes an 
 obstacle to the human progress, which up to a certain 
 point it had assisted. Stereotyping what it has done, 
 it prevents other influences from doing more. The 
 fatal principles of immutability and sacerdotal author- 
 ity cause a mental and moral paralysis in those who 
 really accept them. As soon as men reach a certain 
 not very lofty stage of enlightenment, such a religion 
 becomes impossible as a working rule of life. " Be- 
 lieve in the Pope ? ' : said Dr Arnold ; " I could as 
 soon believe in Jupiter." That is just the feeling of 
 the normal healthy-minded man of the nineteenth 
 century in every part of the world. Wherever a 
 nation nominally Roman Catholic is advancing with 
 the rest of civilised Christendom, we know that the 
 Church is a Church only of priests, women, and 
 peasants. The thinking manhood of the country will 
 not follow guides whom it feels to be intellectually, 
 and in some respects morally inferior. A Church 
 which makes a boast of discouraging intellectual 
 activity must needs be a clog to every kind of pro- 
 gress. Industry it encourages less than mendicity. 1 
 
 1 Lecky's History of England, ii. 388.
 
 20 THE EADICAL CUEE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 Mendacity it has long regarded as a very venial 1 
 failing. The maxims of the Jesuits are lineally de- 
 scended from the pious frauds of the earlier monks. 
 Cleanliness the priest places a very long way after 
 the form of godliness. A Church which in the latter 
 half of the nineteenth century makes a saint of a 
 lazy dirt-encrusted beggar like Jean Labre, is cer- 
 tainly not in harmony with modern civilised society. 
 But can we wonder at it finding favour with the 
 nation which has evolved that wondrous proverb (shall 
 we not rather say motto ?), " There's luck in muck ! " 
 17. The Irish are the implacable enemies of Eng- 
 land. She cannot even mollify them, except by com- 
 mitting the dastardly crime which Mr Gladstone calls 
 conciliation. They are no more open to reason and 
 justice than a mad dog or a man-eating tiger. They 
 are drunk with a blind fury of greed, and nothing will 
 appease them but full licence to plunder and torture 
 their landlords, and the British settlers whose hard- 
 earned wealth inflames their cupidity, and whose 
 orderly industry is a standing reproach to their tur- 
 bulent idleness. 2 The great political poet of America 
 once wrote in fiery scorn " Conciliate ? — it just means 
 be kicked." 3 Mr Gladstone has done a good deal of 
 that kind of conciliation in his time ; but hitherto he 
 has taken his share of the kicks from Boers and other 
 inconvenient enemies. He evidently does not mind 
 them much, if they do not loosen his hold on office. 
 
 1 Notwithstanding the formal classification of perjury as one of the 
 mortal sins. 
 
 2 See the evidence of Mr Biggar before the Special Commission. 
 
 3 Biglow Papers, second series, No. 7.
 
 THE MALADY. 21 
 
 But his magnanimity in dealing with Ireland is of a 
 still cheaper and more transcendental quality. Most 
 of the kicking is to be suffered by third parties, who 
 have nothing to do with the conciliation beyond 
 being its victims. The kicks go chiefly to the Irish 
 landlords, whose halfpence all go to their Roman 
 Catholic tenants ; while Mr Gladstone's cheap mag- 
 nanimity and vicarious generosity are to be rewarded 
 with the empty praise of the Irish mob and the solid 
 pudding of English office. To " conciliate " a high- 
 wayman by letting him rob yourself, when there is 
 any prospect of successful resistance, is a cowardly 
 abetment of his crime. But what can we say of the 
 man who buys immunity for himself by helping the 
 highwayman to rob a neighbour who might otherwise 
 be able to repel the attack ? Most of us would place 
 him very low indeed in the depths of contempt. Yet 
 Mr Gladstone has reached a lower depth than even 
 this, — he helps the great robber-gang of Ireland, not 
 for immunity, but for advantage ; not to save any- 
 thing for anybody, but to sate his thirst for place and 
 power. Now let us leave the " old parliamentary 
 hand" to his complacent musing on the moral sub- 
 limity of casting other men to the wolves ; ay, and 
 other men's wives and babes. Revenons d nos 
 moutons noirs. 
 
 18. The Irish are implacable because they have no 
 national feeling except hatred for England. They 
 may plead some historical justification, but their 
 orievances have been removed, and with ample 
 amends. And they really hate England now, not for
 
 22 THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 the wrong she has done, but for the wrong which she 
 prevents them from doing. Not because she robbed 
 their ancestors in the seventeenth century, and op- 
 pressed them in the eighteenth ; but because she will 
 not let them rob and oppress their neighbours in the 
 nineteenth. " Oppression maketh a wise man mad," 
 quote their apologists ; ay, but greed makes a foolish 
 one madder. And the most barefaced flatterer of the 
 Irish has never yet ventured to sing the praises of 
 their wisdom. If there were any real patriotism in 
 the so-called "National" movement, it would be re- 
 spected, and might be in some way conciliated ; but 
 there is nothing half so respectable about it. It is 
 nothing but a sordid scramble for other people's 
 money — a thing which would be simply contemptible, 
 if it were not carried on with so much devilish 
 cruelty. Call to witness the gallant persecutors of 
 Ellen GafFney and Hannah Connell, Finlay's widow 
 and Fitzmaurice's orphaned daughter ! Bring up the 
 fiends who mocked the agony of Lady Mountmorres, 
 and danced in the blood of her murdered husband ! 
 
 19. There was never any life in this " great 
 National movement " till it was converted into a 
 grand joint-stock gang-robbery. Home Rule is noth- 
 ing but a bumble-bee buzzing on the back of the mad 
 wolf, Social Revolution. The cry for " self-govern- 
 ment " does not mean that the Irish wish to govern 
 themselves. Nothing is further from their thoughts. 
 They would not do it if they could. They wish 
 only to misgovern their neighbours. Government for 
 self is what they mean. Celts and Saxons, Roman
 
 THE MALADY. 2 3 
 
 Catholics and Protestants, are robbed and maltreated 
 with a most practical and cosmopolitan absence of 
 national or sectarian partiality, if they have the 
 common misfortune to be owners of Irish land. 
 Ancient Irish chiefs meet with no more respect 
 or forbearance than Cromwellian intruders. The 
 O'Donoghue and the O'Conor Don have been hunted 
 out of political life. The memory of the Liberator 
 has not prevented the grateful peasantry of Derrynane 
 from driving Mr O'Connell into the bankruptcy court. 
 The O'Grady is one of the most viciously persecuted 
 men in all Ireland ; and Mr Dillon takes special de- 
 light in going down to insult him before the fat 
 farmers of the Golden Yale of Limerick. The kindest 
 landlords find no more gratitude than the harshest. 
 The blackest vials of malignity are emptied on the 
 heads of philanthropists like Mr Brooke and Mr 
 Bence Jones, who have spent more on their estates 
 than they have ever got from their rents. Truly 
 there is no redeeming or miti^atino; element in this 
 agitation. There is nothing more despicable in history, 
 since the days of the Jacobins. 
 
 20. You have to deal not only with irreconcilable 
 enemies, but with irreclaimable semi-savages, — irre- 
 concilable and irreclaimable for the self-same reason. 
 The demon of unscrupulous greed has taken full 
 possession of their souls, and their religion has be- 
 come naught but a cloak for their cupidity. Priests 
 are possessed like people. Let him who expected 
 anything else ponder the weighty words of Arch- 
 bishop Whately, who, even more than my royal
 
 24 THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 master, deserves the title of the British Solomon. 
 "A priest solely dependent on his flock is, in fact, 
 retained by them to give the sanction of religion to 
 the conduct, whatever it be, which the majority 
 chooses." l 
 
 21. As to the Plan of Campaign, it bears theft 
 writ large on its very face ; for it makes a man 
 withhold the portion of rent which he admits to be 
 fairly due, as well as the portion which he declares 
 to be in excess. The landlord is always willing to 
 accept anything in part -payment and to give a 
 receipt on account. 
 
 22. I do not say that they are irreclaimable abso- 
 lutely and for ever; but irreclaimable by England 
 and Scotland within measurable time, and without 
 intolerable cost. Ireland is the great drag upon 
 British progress — the millstone round England's neck, 
 which may enable other nations to catch and pass 
 her in the race of improvement. England can never 
 have peace, can never have time to do her own 
 business, till the English garrison is strong enough 
 to take care of itself. Sanitary reform, fiscal reform, 
 legal reform, educational reform, are all hopelessly 
 delayed by Irish turbulence, intrigue, and obstruction. 
 She cannot afford to reclaim the Irish. She has 
 many much better uses for her time and her energy. 
 If they were fewer, and if they were diffused, there 
 would be a prospect of their absorption or assimilation, 
 within a reasonable length of time. Two or three 
 millions of them scattered among thirty millions you 
 
 1 Life and Remains, p. 333.
 
 THE MALADY. 25 
 
 might bear with, and even find useful as soldiers and 
 constables ; but four millions concentrated in one 
 corner of the United Kingdom are beyond influence 
 or management. It would be a mere flea-bite on 
 North America, where in another generation the solid 
 Teutonic population will exceed a hundred millions. 
 And the Americans may very fairly be asked to 
 undertake the reclamation of the race for which they 
 publicly profess so much esteem and affection. But 
 Britain is too small to stand the drain of so large 
 an open sore upon her flank. She cannot afford 
 to wait through centuries of inflammation and de- 
 bility for the chance of a cure by tonic treatment. 
 The ulcer must be closed by determined surgery. 
 The surgeons of the body politic must cut away 
 the morbid surface, and graft a healthy skin upon 
 the wound. 
 
 23. To sum up, the Irish are too many to be 
 tolerated so near. They are enemies massed within 
 your gates. You cannot make them your friends, 
 even in name, without betraying your real friends, 
 and covering yourselves with disgrace. This is a 
 case in which there can be no peace with honour ; 
 nor, indeed, is it at all likely that you can have peace 
 even with dishonour. Judas will be rightly scorned 
 by his purchaser. The Irish tiger has tasted blood. 
 The daughter of the horse-leech will still cry " Give." 
 As Mr Russell tells you, the people are " utterly de- 
 moralised, . . . debauched by a conspiracy the most 
 baneful that ever cursed any country." They loaf 
 about, drinking their rent and half as much again
 
 26 THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 in whisky. 1 The popular heroes, the chosen spokes- 
 men of Ireland, tell you that they hate England with 
 an undying hatred, and accept Home Rule only 
 as a lever for separation and the formation of a 
 hostile republic. As Mr Sexton told you in 1881, 
 " the unchangeable feeling between Ireland and 
 England is the passion of hate." The Corporation 
 of Dublin takes every opportunity of insulting the 
 Queen's representatives. The great town of the 
 south delights in the name of "Rebel Cork"; and 
 its people lately paraded their disloyalty at the Irish 
 Exhibition in a way which can never be forgotten or 
 forgiven. British soldiers cannot walk the streets 
 of Limerick without insult and imminent danger of 
 broken bones. The Mayor and Corporation of Water- 
 ford have declared that rebels they were born and 
 rebels they will remain. 2 On this one point we may 
 be sure that the agitators speak the truth. As their 
 present apologist said with unwonted terseness, when 
 he too had his reasons for telling the truth, their aim 
 is to " march through rapine to the dismemberment of 
 the empire." 
 
 1 So says their French friend Philippe Daryl, on page 120 of 'Ire- 
 land's Disease.' See also Hurlbert, 382. 
 
 2 See Colonel Saunderson's speech in the House of Commons, 14th 
 February 1889.
 
 27 
 
 II. 
 
 THE REMEDY, AND PEOBABLE OBJECTIONS. 
 
 24. What, then, is to be done ? Ireland is an 
 intolerable nuisance and menace to England and Scot- 
 land, simply on account of its present inhabitants. 
 You cannot change the Irish people. But you can 
 change the people of Ireland. And only by so doing- 
 can you save Great Britain from ruin. She can never 
 have peace — can never have time to do her own busi- 
 ness — till the British garrison in Ireland is made strong- 
 enough to take care of itself. That is the key-note of 
 the only Irish policy which can do any real good. 
 The one great and lasting benefit which Ireland has 
 got from the English connection, is the Plantation of 
 Ulster. It is the one good work which can never be 
 undone ; the one source of hope for Irish order and 
 progress ; the one secure base for the advance of 
 British culture and enlightenment. The solid half- 
 million of Protestants in Down and Antrim is the im- 
 pregnable fortress of Irish liberty ; the rock which 
 will for ever beat back the waves of Irish savagery and
 
 28 THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 superstition. This is the immortal work of my 
 master King James the First, of whose wisdom I was 
 privileged to be the humble instrument. 
 
 25. Mr Balfour has done admirable work of its 
 kind. No one could have done better within the 
 limits set by himself or by the Cabinet of which his 
 illustrious uncle is the head. I yield to none in 
 respect for your present and former Prime Ministers, 
 but they have done no lasting good to Ireland ; for 
 they have done nothing which cannot be undone. As 
 Mr Chamberlain said lately at Glasgow, 1 " a merely 
 negative policy of resistance will certainly fail." The 
 energy of Government is spent in writing on the 
 sand, which the tide, now dyked out, will sweep into 
 oblivion when it is once again let loose. The con- 
 ditions of Ireland have been changed very slightly — 
 only by Lord Ashbourne's Act — and whether in the 
 end for the better is very doubtful indeed. The 
 character of the Irish has not been changed at all. 
 " Twenty years of resolute government " will not do 
 that ; no, nor fifty years, if you could count upon 
 so much. But you cannot count upon even twenty 
 years in a country like Britain, where party spirit is 
 venomous, and the strength of parties nearly evenly 
 balanced ; where government may be brought to a 
 standstill by parliamentary obstruction ; and where 
 the wisest policy is liable to reversal in six or seven 
 years at the furthest, by the caprice of a fluctuating 
 section of the most ignorant electors. Five per cent 
 or less of the British electorate, two hundred thousand 
 
 1 February 12, 1889.
 
 THE REMEDY, AND PROBABLE OBJECTIONS. 29 
 
 weather-cocks, of the sort likely to be greatly impressed 
 by the discovery of Pigott's trickery, and quite un- 
 moved by Mr Hurlbert's crushing exposure of the 
 whole fabric of Parnellite falsehood, — these are the 
 arbiters of England's destiny, and hold in their hands 
 the fate of modern civilisation. Even if the pendu- 
 lum of popular irresolution does not swing to the 
 other side at the next general election, there is very 
 grave danger that the Union majority will be so re- 
 duced as to be practically impotent. No Government 
 will long be resolute under such a precarious tenure 
 of power. Party considerations are prone to lead to 
 neglect of duty, in the hope of escaping trouble, 
 catching stray votes, and checkmating the intrigues 
 of opponents. Continuous resolute government is 
 possible, only if delegated once for all to a body of 
 men whose resolution will be stiffened by their deepest 
 personal feelings and strongest personal interests ; 
 men to whom resistance of the traitors is a matter 
 of life and death ; men who can laugh to scorn the 
 caprice of the English elector, because they have at 
 their back, not only a nation, but an army of their 
 own. 
 
 26. There is only one policy of safety and honour 
 in this time of terrible danger. Suspend the Union. 
 Organise Ulster as the citadel of the empire, and 
 the base of operations for a golden conquest, a 
 neiv Plantation of Leinster and Munster. " Upon 
 the future of Ireland hangs the future of the British 
 empire," wrote Cardinal Manning to Earl Grey in 
 18G8. More than that : the decisive battle of human
 
 30 THE EADICAL CUEE FOE IEELAND. 
 
 progress may be fought in the valley of the historic 
 Boyne. The men of Ulster have to quench the 
 first burst of a fiery eruption of barbarism more 
 ruinous than the irruption of Huns and Vandals 
 which destroyed the civilisation of the ancients. 
 Attila and Genseric, Tamerlane and G-engis Khan, 
 were not such foes of human progress and enlight- 
 enment as Henry George and Michael Davitt. If 
 Britain fails in the fight, there is small hope of suc- 
 cessful resistance in any other country of Europe. 
 
 27. A new Plantation ! Every British patriot will 
 say that it is the best thing possible for Ireland, and 
 almost every one will say that it is the last thing 
 possible. " It can never be more than a dream. It 
 has been tried, and failed. The task is superhuman. 
 We cannot get rid of four millions of people. To 
 drive them out would be cruel ; to buy them out 
 would be too costly. What Cromwell failed to do, 
 with all his despotic power and ruthless temper, 
 surely cannot be done in this age of supersensitive 
 humanity and administrative impotence." 
 
 28. Part of this cry of despair is true, but imma- 
 terial ; most of it is not true, for want of the special 
 study requisite for understanding the question. No 
 living man has had my special experience of the old 
 Plantation. Few men, if any, I am sure, have made 
 a serious study of the problem under modern condi- 
 tions. The Hill Difficulty is never so steep or so high 
 as it looks to the doubting heart at a far distance. 
 Each step of the ascent becomes clearer and easier to 
 the single-hearted will, resolute to find a way, or to
 
 THE REMEDY, AND PROBABLE OBJECTIONS. 31 
 
 make it. The imaginary magnitude of this task of 
 curing Ireland's disease has turned many a good man, 
 like Lord Spencer, into a gibbering captive of Giant 
 Despair. If he were to look facts and figures closely 
 in the face, and take up the task bit by bit, the diffi- 
 culties would disappear one by one, So it is with 
 every good work that ought to be done — hard, and 
 huge, and hopeless as it may seem in the mass. 
 
 29. At the outset I must demur to the common 
 sweeping statement that previous attempts have been 
 failures. There is some truth in it, but far less truth 
 than falsehood. I did not fail in Antrim : Belfast is 
 my monument. Hamilton, Hill, and Montgomery did 
 not fail in Down. The great plantation of the six 
 counties was not a failure. It is true that only Armagh 
 and Londonderry can be called Protestant by count of 
 noses, and that Cavan never recovered from the blow 
 of 1641, when nearly every settler was expelled ; but 
 in Tyrone, Fermanagh, and East Donegal, the Pro- 
 testants are certainly strong enough to hold their own 
 in any contest but that of the polls. They are a 
 social force too strong to be uprooted ; and in fair 
 fight, where quality could tell against quantity, they 
 would be found to have the preponderance of physical 
 force. They are more than 40 per cent of the popu- 
 lation. They own nearly all the land, cultivate at 
 least four-fifths of it (in value), and pay at least nine- 
 tenths of the local rates and direct imperial taxes. 
 Boycotting, rent-stealing, and intimidation of juries 
 and witnesses, are no more possible there than in 
 Down and Antrim. And the Protestants could, if
 
 32 THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 they chose, soon turn the scale in brute numbers, by 
 getting rid of their Roman Catholic dependants, and 
 replacing them with Protestants. 
 
 30. Cromwell certainly did not fail in Ulster, where 
 he planted the only real colony of his soldiers in the 
 valleys of the Lagan and the Bann. The country 
 between Lisburn and Armagh is the most English in 
 Ireland, and the most sternly Protestant in all Europe. 
 There sprang the Orange Society, and there is still its 
 living centre. Elsewhere Cromwell made no serious 
 systematic attempt to plant large bodies of Protestant 
 farmers and labourers. In Leinster and Munster there 
 was only a transfer of land-ownership, not a transfor- 
 mation of the people, except in the corporate towns. 
 These urban colonies were ruined by the later Com- 
 mercial Restraints, and must in any case have died 
 out for want of a rural population on which to indent 
 for fresh supplies of Protestant blood. 
 
 31. Study of Irish local history and geography 
 makes it evident that the failures of Cromwell and 
 the earlier Undertakers were due, not to the inherent 
 impossibility of the task, but to their setting about it 
 in a wrong way, and to the hostility or mismanage- 
 ment of later Governments. The work was carried 
 on in a desultory way, and its parts were discon- 
 tinuous. The rural colonies were too scattered to 
 help each other, and too small to maintain themselves 
 against the pressure of surrounding hostile hordes in 
 times of disturbance, or to resist the absorbing influ- 
 ence of the larger body on the smaller in times of 
 peace. Many of the settlers, if not most, were un-
 
 THE REMEDY, AND PROBABLE OBJECTIONS. 33 
 
 married ; as we learn from the outcry about their 
 perversion through Popish marriages. 
 
 32. Next, it must be explained that there is no 
 need to get rid of four millions of Irishmen. All that 
 is necessary is to secure Protestant control of a 
 majority of Irish constituencies, local and imperial. 
 The judicious removal of one-fifth of the enemy, and 
 the substitution of rather less than half a million of 
 Protestants, will secure all Ulster and Leinster, except 
 the city of Dublin. The Protestants, if united, would 
 have a slight majority in the British Parliament, and 
 be able to hold their own under any system of local 
 government. Even this state of things would be an 
 immense gain to England., She could with a clear 
 conscience shift the burden of mana^ino; Ireland to 
 other shoulders. There would be an end of the dark 
 possibility of English political parties descending to 
 the American level of baseness, and bidding against 
 each other for the support of England's deadly 
 enemies. But you ought to aim at something better 
 still. After the conquest of Leinster the Protestants 
 would still be much less than half of the total popu- 
 lation. This would give plausibility to an outcry 
 against their ascendancy ; which would also be in 
 danger from the defection of a few thousand traitors, 
 corrupted by American gold or personal jealousies 
 and ambitions. 
 
 33. The perfect security of an overwhelming Pro- 
 testant predominance would be secured by a very 
 easy additional Plantation. The removal of half a 
 million more, making up in all just a third of the 
 
 C
 
 34 THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 Roman Catholic population, and only a fourth of the 
 total population, would soon make Cromwell's great 
 idea a living reality. It would leave room for 
 350,000 Protestants, who would soon transform fer- 
 tile rural Munster into the likeness — not indeed of 
 Down and Antrim, but at least of Deny and Armagh. 
 Clare, being on the other side of the Shannon, ought 
 to be restored to its old and natural connection with 
 Connaught. 
 
 34. The Roman Catholic population of Ireland in 
 1881 was 3,960,000. The removal of one -third 
 (1,320,000) would reduce it to 2,640,000; while the 
 substitution of two Protestants for every three Roman 
 Catholics removed would raise the number of the 
 former to nearly 2,100,000. But this is not all : 
 these figures do not give a sufficiently favourable 
 view of the case. The population of Ireland is now 
 decreasing at the rate of 1 per cent per annum. The 
 average excess of births over deaths is only 28,000. 
 The average number of emigrants since 1881 has been 
 over 80,000. There is no immigration, except a little 
 into Belfast from Scotland and Lancashire. The 
 population is already less by 400,000 than it was 
 in 1881 ; and in the course of a generation we may 
 expect a further decrease of at least half a million. 
 The decrease, taking Ireland as a whole, will be 
 almost entirely among the Roman Catholics. Since 
 1861 they have lost 12 per cent, while the Protes- 
 tants have lost only 7 per cent. The latter have 
 grown from being 22 J per cent of the population in 
 1861 to be 2 3 J per cent in 1881. In the rural districts
 
 THE REMEDY, AND PEOBABLE OBJECTIONS. 35 
 
 the proportion of loss is nearly the same for each 
 religion. In Dublin, which was slowly increasing up 
 to 18S1 (if we include the suburbs), the Protestants 
 have slightly lost ground. Since then the agitation 
 has stopped its progress, if not caused a decline. 
 Belfast, on the contrary, has been growing with 
 enormous strides — just now, it is believed, at the 
 rate of 5000 a-year ; and the Protestants have been 
 increasing faster than the Roman Catholics. The 
 latter were two-sixths in 1861, but only two-sevenths 
 in 1881 ; and in 1891 they will probably be only two- 
 eighths. The great riots caused many to leave the 
 town, and have kept away others who might have 
 come. The increase of Protestants in Belfast even 
 now almost counterbalances the rural decrease ; but 
 when a new Plantation is set up as a counter-attrac- 
 tion to America and Australia, Protestant emigration 
 will almost entirely cease and the birth-rate will rise 
 enormously. We may reasonably hope that in 1921 
 there will be considerably more than two millions of 
 Protestants to face rather less than two millions of 
 Roman Catholics. 
 
 35. The Plantation cannot begin before 1891, when 
 the number of Roman Catholics in Ireland will not 
 exceed 3,600,000, and the number to be removed 
 will therefore be in reality not 1,320,000, but only 
 1,200,000. Still even this, it will be said, is a mass 
 which it would be absurd to think of moving. So it 
 would, if you tried to move them all at once; but I 
 do not ask you to do anything so tremendous. The 
 work may be spread over thirty years. The average
 
 36 THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 extent of the clearance to be made in any one year 
 will be only 40,000 persons — just half as many as 
 are got rid of by voluntary emigration. In fact, the 
 new Plantation, at first sight so appalling and appa- 
 rently impracticable, resolves itself on nearer view into 
 an addition of 50 per cent to the annual emigration 
 now carried out by private enterprise with a little aid 
 from some of the British colonies. 
 
 36. But it will be objected reasonably enough, " If 
 twenty years of resolute government of the present 
 type are not to be expected, how can you reckon on 
 thirty years of a policy which will excite more bitter 
 fury in the enemy and more piteous appeals to the 
 sentimental British elector 1 " Certainly w T e cannot 
 hope for any such continuity of purpose and practice 
 in a Government at London ; but we can be perfectly 
 sure of it in a Government at Belfast. The work 
 must be delegated once for all by the British Parlia- 
 ment to a Parliament of Ulster. An Orange Govern- 
 ment will be unmoved by the wildest hurricanes of 
 sound and fury on either side of St George's Channel. 
 These can signify nothing to a power broad-based on 
 the steadfast constituencies of Protestant Ulster. All 
 the howling and whining, all the cursing and reviling, 
 will only stiffen its back and quicken its hands. It 
 will simply laugh at agitators so long as they keep 
 their distance, and make very short work with them if 
 they ever come to close quarters. Mischief-makers, 
 English or Irish, who attempt to interfere with the 
 great work, will be turned out with more vigour than 
 ceremony. If they dare to come back, they will
 
 THE REMEDY, AND PROBABLE OBJECTIONS. 37 
 
 spend the rest of the thirty years reflecting on their 
 folly in solitary cells at Belfast or Londonderry. The 
 Irish Protestants will be spurred and kept to their 
 duty by the very instinct of self-preservation. They 
 know their Roman neighbours far too well to be taken 
 in by smooth words and fine promises. They have 
 nothing to lose by carrying out the work, and every- 
 thing to gain. Failure cannot put them in a more 
 dangerous position. Success means not only security, 
 but a vast increase of prosperity. Their hopes and 
 their fears, their sympathies and their antipathies, 
 their private feelings and their public spirit, their 
 personal interests and their political aspirations, will 
 all combine to make them carry out the Plantation 
 with unrelenting vigour and invincible determination. 
 3 7. Now is the fulness of time arrived. The Pro- 
 testants of Ulster are united as they never were 
 before. They have been welded together by a com- 
 mon danger, and they will stick together for their 
 common safety and their common hope. There is 
 now nothing to divide them, nothing to check their 
 mutual sympathies. Old bones of contention have 
 been swept away ; old founts of bitterness have 
 dried up. There is no loDger an Established Church 
 to excite the jealousy of unwise Methodists and 
 Presbyterians. The new security of tenant-right 
 has removed the apple of discord between farmers 
 and landlords. The farmers are disposed to look 
 more kindly on the landlords as fellow -soldiers bear- 
 ing the brunt of the attacks of the common enemy. 
 The landlords are now alive to the value of a sturdy 
 
 410317
 
 38 THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 Protestant tenantry, which they did not rightly appre- 
 ciate in the clays of their unshaken security. They 
 cherished, if they did not avow, a weak preference 
 of serfs to tenants ; and were easily ensnared by the 
 polite profuse improvident, Roman Catholic, with 
 his low bow, his wheedling words, and his large 
 offers of rent. All went well so lonsf as he remained 
 politically helpless ; but now he knows his power, 
 has thrown off the mask of subservience, and stands 
 confessed the insolent robber. The landlords whose 
 ancestors made room for him, as so many did in the 
 time of the Peep -of- Day Boys and the Hearts of 
 Steel, by turning out the less plausible and flexible 
 Protestants, now bitterly regret the short-sighted greed 
 and vanity of their order. They have found that the 
 man who is less ready to cringe is also less likely to 
 insult, and that the man who promises least is the 
 one who pays best. They will be properly thankful 
 now for Protestant tenants, if they can get them. 
 Lord Possmore in Monaghan has given earnest ex- 
 pression to their repentance. Let us hope that it 
 will bear fruit. Even under the new land laws, much 
 can be done by a large landlord, who will have none 
 but a Protestant, for every vacant farm over which 
 he can exercise any control. 
 
 38. Lastly, it may be urged that, even if England 
 could be brought to allow wholesale confiscation and 
 expatriation, the Government of Ireland would not and 
 could not drive out a quarter of the population of 
 Ireland. They need not, if by driving out is meant 
 what Cromwell is supposed to have done, expulsion
 
 THE REMEDY, AXD PROBABLE OBJECTIONS. 39 
 
 without compensation. What I ask you to do is to 
 buy them out without any more compulsion than is 
 involved in making a railway or improving a town 
 for general public interests. You need not use Crom- 
 well's methods, for you can use better ones : you 
 have resources which he had not. England and 
 Scotland have now a surplus of population, ready if 
 not eager to emigrate. In his day they had not. 
 Sending the men of Leinster and Minister into Con- 
 naught was useless. If they had gone, they could 
 easily have come back. You can send them to Amer- 
 ica, whence it is not so easy to return ; and can do it 
 under conditions which will prevent them from de- 
 siring to return. Cromwell had a practically uncon- 
 trolled power of physical compulsion. You have a 
 practically unlimited power of the purse. You can 
 cause Irish labourers to leave Ireland with alacrity ; 
 and Irish farmers to leave it, not indeed without sen- 
 timental reluctance, but without being able to con- 
 vince impartial spectators that they have suffered any 
 real hardship or substantial injustice. England has 
 become accustomed of late years to spend money 
 freely on Ireland without good security for reimburse- 
 ment. She has been spending for Ireland's advantage 
 ever since the famine. Mr Gladstone lately proposed 
 to advance £50,000,000 or more to Irish tenants 
 for buying out Irish landlords. Lord Salisbury 
 will, it is expected, gradually repeat this proposal in 
 another form, in addition to the £10,000,000 already 
 advanced under the Act of Lord Ashbourne. What 
 is here proposed is, that instead of buying out Irish
 
 40 THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 landlords, the money should go to buy out Irish ten- 
 ants, and to fill their places with Protestants from 
 Ulster, England, and Scotland. 
 
 39. In the absence of the necessary statistics, I 
 cannot say, with any pretence to accuracy, how many 
 of the 1,200,000 would be landless labourers ; pro- 
 bably not more than one-sixth. The cottier-tenants 
 supply much, if not most of the labour on the farms 
 proper. One million persons are equivalent to 
 200,000 families — that is, more than one-third of the 
 whole number of Irish agricultural tenants. 1 The 
 average rent of Irish farms was put at £15 by Dr 
 Erck at the meeting' of landlords in Dublin in the 
 summer of 1887. This estimate is confirmed by the 
 return of 183,820 judicial rents, fixed by the Land 
 Commissioners up to the end of July 1887. Doubt- 
 less the average for Leinster and East Munster is a 
 good deal higher — probably between £20 and £25. 
 But on the other hand, we must remember — 1st, that 
 the best parts of Ulster will not be within the scope 
 of the Plantation ; and 2d, that the average rent of 
 Protestant farmers is much higher than that of Roman 
 Catholics. Under the old £12 franchise, half or more 
 of the electors were Protestants in such counties as 
 Wicklow, Monaghan, and Donegal, where three-fourths 
 or more of the inhabitants are Eoman Catholics. 
 A large part of Leinster is farmed by Protestants, 
 and an apjDreciable part even of Munster. We may, 
 therefore, safely take £15 as the average judicial rent 
 of the Roman Catholic farmers who must be bought 
 
 1 560,000.
 
 THE REMEDY, AND PROBABLE OBJECTIONS. 41 
 
 out for the new Plantation. Each will of course get 
 the value of his interest, which will not, I believe, on 
 the average exceed twelve times the judicial rent. 
 The minimum will be seven, as in the existing law of 
 compensation for disturbance. The reasons for this 
 estimate, and the arrangements for a just valuation, 
 will appear hereafter. Meanwhile I need only 
 caution the reader against drawing conclusions from 
 isolated instances of fancy prices, given in a time of 
 excitement and expectancy. In the south, many 
 purchasers hope that Home Rule will some day give 
 them the fee-simple for nothing. Moreover, most of 
 the farms in the Protestant parts of Ulster, where we 
 hear most about the high prices of tenant-right, have 
 good houses, with barns, gardens, orchards, and other 
 improvements made by the tenants. The case is 
 very different with the ordinary Roman Catholic 
 farmer. His improvements will seldom be worth 
 more than the rent for five years. Mr Bence Jones, 1 
 whose tenants near Clonakilty were much above the 
 average of county Cork, found, on inquiry, that very 
 few, even according to their own valuations, had 
 made improvements worth more than the rent of a 
 single year. 
 
 40. The cost of buying the tenant-right will be 
 £36,000,000, at the average rate of £180 for each of 
 200,000 farms. This money will simply be invested, 
 almost as safely as if lent to the Bank of England. 
 The incoming Protestant tenant will probably pay it 
 up, to get the full advantage of the Irish land laws. 
 1 Life's Work in [reland, p. 81.
 
 42 THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 If he does not, 4 per cent on the amount can be added 
 to the judicial rent. The whole will probably be less 
 than the economic rent of a farm managed on the 
 English principle outside the Land Act of 1881. 
 
 41. Some further payment will, however, be neces- 
 sary to gild the pill of expropriation. A free passage 
 to North or South America, needs not cost more than 
 £5 a head — in all £5,000,000 ; and an average allow- 
 ance of £20 to each family for loss on forced sale of 
 stock, and for miscellaneous expenses before departure, 
 would absorb £4,000,000 more. In fine, £45,000,000 
 will suffice for removing, without any real hardship, 
 a million of England's inveterate enemies — the average 
 cost being £45 a head and £225 a family. The re- 
 maining £5,000,000 will be ample for all the expenses 
 incidental to this removal, and to the substitution of 
 firm friends of England in the vacant farms. The 
 chief items of expense will be agency, valuation, 
 travelling of Scottish and English settlers, and loss of 
 rent between dates of removal and new occupation. 
 As boycotting will be impossible under an Orange 
 Government, few farms will be vacant for more than 
 six months. Proper arrangements must of course be 
 made for the early despatch of intending settlers 
 previously registered. Many vacant farms will, how- 
 ever, be instantly taken by Protestants already in the 
 neighbourhood. After all, it is only doing publicly, 
 on a larger scale, with ampler means and more 
 facilities, what practical Mr Eussell is now doing 
 by private effort — what has indeed already been done 
 at Collon and Coolgreany. Practical Prince Bismarck
 
 THE REMEDY, AXD PROBABLE OBJECTIONS. 43 
 
 is doing the same thing in a quiet way with the Poles 
 of Posen. 
 
 42. You need not put in so many tenants as you 
 send away. It will be easy and in every way desir- 
 able to combine the vacant holdings into farms of 
 double the former average size. These will be more 
 attractive to emigrants, as well as more profitable to 
 landlords, and more conducive to agricultural im- 
 provement. In fine, what is wanted is a body of 
 100,000 Protestant families (which may, but need 
 not, include 500,000 souls) to fill 100,000 farms, 
 having an average judicial rent of £30, and an 
 average area of probably fifty acres. There will be 
 no lack of applicants in Ulster from the beginning, 
 and when they have shown the way, we may expect 
 an influx of enterprising men from England and 
 Scotland. Merely to stop the emigration of Pro- 
 testants from Ireland would be by itself almost enough 
 to supply what is wanted. In the rural districts they 
 are decreasing as fast as the Koman Catholics. The 
 low rate of natural increase of births over deaths 
 (only 28,000 for nearly 5,000,000, little more than 
 •^ per cent per annum), is itself a result of the emi- 
 gration which takes away so many of the healthiest 
 young men and young women. Very few emigrants 
 are over fifty, and only one in five is a child. To stop 
 the emigration of Protestants, by opening new fields 
 to them in Ireland, would in a very few years cause 
 a great increase of marriages and births. In thirty 
 years the mere retention of intending emigrants, 
 without taking into account the higher birth-rate,
 
 44 THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 would provide Ireland with an additional Protestant 
 population of 300,000 souls, equivalent to at least 
 100,000 families. This is on the very safe supposi- 
 tion that the average number of emigrants would 
 be not less than 10,000, as during the decades before 
 1881 ; at present it is much greater. The emigrants 
 are 80,000 a-year, and the Protestants are nearly a 
 quarter of the population ; except in Belfast, Derry, 
 and other manufacturing towns, they are decreasing 
 quite as fast as the Eoman Catholics. After deduct- 
 ing the population of these towns, and allowing for 
 what they draw from the country, it is still likely 
 that the Protestant emigrants are not less than a sixth 
 of the whole — let us say 13,000. Probably at least 
 a third of these are cottiers or younger sons of farm- 
 ers, who would never think of leaving Ireland if they 
 could get a farm with safety. 
 
 43. Lastly, let us remember that England and 
 Scotland send away yearly more than 100,000 men 
 and women in the prime of strength. If even a 
 tenth of these were diverted to Ireland, the problem 
 would be solved. The number of immigrants re- 
 quired for Ireland, in any single year, counting 
 labourers as well as farmers, would not exceed 
 30,000 souls or 6000 families. 
 
 44. A further sum of £10,000,000, must be spent 
 on removing 40,000 families of Irish labourers 
 (200,000 souls), and replacing them with 60,000 
 families of Protestants. The reason why there must 
 be three immigrants for two emigrants is this : one 
 in five of the agricultural holdings in Ireland is a
 
 THE REMEDY, AND PROBABLE OBJECTION-. 45 
 
 mere croft or allotment, with an area of less than 
 five acres, and a rental less, generally much less, than 
 £4 ; the occupants are really labourers, necessary for 
 the cultivation of the adjoining farms. To get the 
 total number of labourers displaced, we must there- 
 fore add 200,000 of the 1,000,000 already provided 
 for under the name of tenants. Making every allow- 
 ance for the superior efficiency of the new men, the 
 farmers will probably need three of them to replace 
 four of the old stock ; indeed, the demand for la- 
 bourers may be increased by improved cultivation. 
 The expense of inducing 40,000 Irish labourers to 
 leave Ireland with their families, will not exceed 
 £3,000,000 — £75 each. This will send him to 
 America with a cheque for £50 in his pocket. 
 There will be competition for expatriation under 
 these circumstances. To make sure of getting 60,000 
 families of Protestant labourers, we must allow for 
 a similar expenditure, though it may not be necessary 
 after the first few years. In the beginning it will 
 cost £25 to convey an English labourer's family to 
 Ireland, and settle him comfortably with a little 
 cash in hand. Decent cottages must be provided 
 in place of the Irish hovels. This duty will fall 
 upon the Guardians ; but the Government will have 
 to do something more than making advances for 
 their assistance. Cottage -building is not a paying- 
 investment, and it will be safe to allow L'25 as 
 irrecoverable expenditure on housing each immigrant 
 family. A further inducement and security will be 
 necessary at first — viz., a gift of £25 on completion
 
 46 THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 of an engagement to reside five years in Ireland. 
 In case of the man's death within five years, the 
 amount ought to be paid to his widow or children. 
 The Government must of course guarantee a pension 
 to the family of any man who might he murdered, 
 and liberal compensation for malicious injury to 
 person or property ; but this would be recovered 
 from the rates of the guilty locality, and would be 
 very rare under an Orange Government. There 
 would remain £2,500,000 as a reserve for contin- 
 gencies. Part might be devoted to giving personal 
 allowances (contingent on good behaviour), to priests 
 and bishops, whose incomes might be seriously lessened 
 by the enforced emigration of their flocks. As a rule, 
 however, these ought to be granted for not more than 
 five years ; the object being merely that the Pope 
 should have time to arrange for the transfer of any 
 superfluous priest to America or Australia, after 
 reorganising the staff of his Church in each planted 
 diocese and province, in accordance with its reduced 
 necessities. In special cases, pensions might be 
 granted for life to aged clergy. 
 
 45. In all, £24,000,000 would be expended without 
 any prospect of direct recovery. This is a poor 
 enough compensation for the harm done by the Eng- 
 glish Commercial Kestraints, and indirectly it would 
 be repaid many times over, even in money. The pros- 
 perity, and, consequently, the revenue of Ireland, 
 would increase steadily, and after a time with great 
 rapidity ; while the special expenditure caused by her 
 poverty and turbulence would undergo an equally
 
 THE REMEDY, AND PROBABLE OBJECTIONS. 47 
 
 steady diminution. There would be a rush of capital 
 to develop the neglected resources of the country. 
 Leinster and Munster are for the most part naturally 
 much richer than the eastern side of Ulster, which 
 Scottish industry has changed from a wilderness to 
 a hive of industry, wealth, and comfort. Arthur 
 Young l said that the soil of Tipperary and Limerick 
 was the richest he ever saw. Meath is little if 
 at all inferior. " In the elements of natural fertil- 
 ity," says the famous modern farmer M'Combie, 2 
 " only the richer parts of England, and very excep- 
 tional parts of Scotland, approach to it. Under the 
 treatment the soil of Ireland receives, great part of 
 that of Scotland would long ago have ceased to pro- 
 duce any crops at all — would have lapsed into ster- 
 ility. It is only the natural richness of the soil of 
 Ireland which has averted a like result." Put a south 
 Irish farmer in Ayrshire or Galloway, and he would 
 starve ; put a Scottish farmer in Limerick or Tipper- 
 ary, and he would make his fortune in the term of a 
 judicial rent. England and Scotland may well say to 
 the farmers of the Golden Vale, " Why cumber ye the 
 oround % ''' Let them make room for those who can 
 make a better use of mother earth and her bounty. 
 
 46. The economic advantages of the change will 
 indeed be enormous ; but they are almost thrown 
 into the shade by the social, moral, and political 
 advantages. £60,000,000, spent under Lord Ash- 
 bourne's Act, would put no friends in the place of 
 
 1 Travels in Ireland, i. 485. 
 
 2 Quoted in Thorn's Almanac (Agricultural Statistics).
 
 48 THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 foes. It would, for the most part, go to strengthen 
 and multiply your implacable enemies — men who 
 pride themselves on being essentially aliens, and whose 
 religion alone will for ever prevent any real sympathy 
 or co-operation with England or Scotland. And the 
 security would be far from good. The Irish will not 
 soon cease to regard the British as oppressors, and will 
 not scruple to spoil the Egyptians if they get a chance. 
 And the expulsion of the landlords would be a gravely 
 retrogressive step, fatal to the progress of the country 
 in the manners and notions, the arts and the comforts, 
 of modern civilised society. It must be confessed that 
 many, if not most, of the Irish landlords have hitherto 
 taken little trouble to discharge their functions of 
 leadership and fulfil the ends of their existence as 
 members of an enlightened progressive community ; 
 but they are always an element of hope, and a great 
 latent power for good, which may hereafter be evolved 
 into action with great blessing to their neighbours. 
 Farmers and peasants who never see anybody superior 
 to themselves in mode of life, standard of behaviour, 
 and width of intelligence, are apt to remain, or be- 
 come, either boors or conceited churls. Rural England 
 without its resident gentry (of whom the clergy are 
 practically a part) would never have risen above the 
 rudeness and narrowness which are so characteristic 
 of rural America. And that is not the only reason 
 for retaining the Irish landlords in their present posi- 
 tion. Their expropriation means the removal of the 
 only effective check on the deadly evil of over-pop- 
 ulation, whose necessary consequences are squalid
 
 THE REMEDY, AXD PROBABLE OBJECTIONS. 49 
 
 poverty and desolating famine. The large landowner 
 has a direct and immediate interest in preventing the 
 endless subdivision and wasteful cultivation, so dear 
 to the Roman Catholic peasantry of Ireland. And 
 nobody else can be relied upon to perform this in- 
 dispensable service to the common-weal. This, as 
 Mr Senior has so well explained in his ' Irish Essays,' 
 is the economic justification of the landlord's existence. 
 
 47. Money spent under Mr Gladstone's bill, or Lord 
 Ashbourne's Act, would only fill Ireland with more 
 and stronger enemies of England. The same money 
 spent on a new Plantation will fill Ireland with fast 
 friends of England, turn a Eoman majority into a 
 Protestant majority, and make three-fourths of Ire- 
 land practically an accretion to Great Britain. She 
 might then have Home Rule for the asking ; for 
 instead of being the plague-spot of Western Europe, 
 she would be the citadel of resistance to anarchy and 
 retrogression. 
 
 48. The cost of this Revolution, not less urgent 
 than that of 1688, would be nominally £60,000,000 
 in all — a shilling in the pound of one year's national 
 income — but not half £60,000,000 in reality, as 
 we have seen, and nothing like £60,000,000 all at 
 once. Spread over thirty years of steady work, it 
 would be only £2,000,000, — only another penny of 
 income-tax at the worst. But there is no fear of 
 even that amount of pressure on the struggling tax- 
 payers of the United Kingdom. £1,200,000 would 
 go either as an investment at fair interest, or as mere 
 advances to be soon repaid ; and might therefore, 
 
 i)
 
 50 THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 without fear of financial criticism, be provided by 
 temporary additions to the national debt. The re- 
 maining £800,000 would require only a special tax 
 of a penny on incomes exceeding £400. This, indeed, 
 will yield far more than is needed ; and if the neces- 
 sary statistics could be got, it would probably appear 
 that the limit of exemption might be raised a good 
 deal higher, perhaps even to £800. At least three- 
 fourths of the payers of direct taxation, contributing 
 more than nine -tenths of the whole amount, belong 
 to the Union party. Few of them have so little 
 public spirit that they would not back their votes 
 with their money ; and in the Grladstonian remnant 
 the mouths of the great majority would be shut by 
 getting the benefit of the exemption. Thus ever 
 vanishes the spectre of difficulty from the path of 
 duty, when the single-hearted patriot, vir Justus et 
 tenax propositi, looks it sternly in the face, with a 
 clear determination to take it by the throat.
 
 51 
 
 III. 
 
 THE CONDITIONS OF SUCCESS. 
 
 49. Cromwell and the Undertakers failed to plant 
 the south, as I have shown before, partly because 
 their work was undone by the misgovernors who 
 followed, and partly because their plans were not 
 based on sound principles. The main principles of 
 an effective and durable Plantation are these : — 
 
 50. 1st, That the colonies must be mainly, and in 
 the beoinnino- altogether, rural. It is useless to fill 
 a town with Protestants unless it is surrounded by a 
 Protestant country. 
 
 51. 2d, That each colony must be strong enough 
 to resist absorption by the surrounding Irish, and 
 also to secure its own local self-government. Crom- 
 well never dreamed of the danger of universal suffrage. 
 In each unit of plantation, such as a barony of the 
 average size in Leinster (with about 10,000 inhabi- 
 tants), there must be a decided majority of Protestants, 
 including male and female in the usual proportion. 
 They ought to form not less than 55 per cent of the 
 population, and to have such control over the land
 
 52 THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 as will enable them to prevent an increase of Roman 
 Catholics, by over-breeding and subdivision of hold- 
 ings. Iu fact, every farm ought, if possible, to be 
 held by a Protestant, — Roman Catholics remaining 
 only as tradesmen and labourers. 
 
 52. 3d, That the colonies must be continuous and 
 compact, not in scattered sections. The progress of 
 the Plantation ought to be like the march of an army 
 of occupation into a hostile country. There must be 
 a gradual advance from an impregnable base. Each 
 step must be made secure before the next is taken. 
 Each colony must be linked, on one side at least, to an 
 older colony, and so to the solid core of Protestant 
 Ireland, the great north-east corner comprising An- 
 trim, Down, North-east Derry, and North Armagh. 
 In this way whatever is done is done once for all, 
 and cannot be undone. If the enterprise be inter- 
 rupted or abandoned before completion, nothing will 
 be lost — the work will not be thrown away. What 
 is gained has been gained for ever. The planted 
 barony or parish or estate will be indissolubly jointed 
 to Protestant Ulster. 
 
 53. Uh, Subsidiary to the last principle is the 
 following. The line of advance ought to be chosen 
 with a view to the grouping of colonies so as to com- 
 mand not only baronies, but counties and parliament- 
 ary divisions. 
 
 54. 5th, That plenty of time must be taken for 
 deliberation and preparation, as well as for the exe- 
 cution of the work, and no more attempted in any
 
 THE CONDITIONS OF SUCCESS. 53 
 
 one year than can certainly be carried out with the 
 means available. Thirty years will be needed for 
 all that is here proposed. 
 
 55. 6 th, Consequently, that the work must be in- 
 trusted for that period, by an irreversible Act of the 
 Legislature, to an absolute Government, not liable to 
 overthrow except by force of arms from without, and 
 not liable to change of purpose by any force of 
 entreaty or abuse or intimidation. They will have 
 hard work to do — sometimes, it may be, very stern 
 work — work which could not be done by an over- 
 burdened English Parliament, or an ever-badgered 
 English Government, but which must be done for 
 the safety and welfare of England herself, no less 
 than Ireland. The only fit government that can 
 be created is one formed and controlled by a Par- 
 liament of Ulster, holding a strong and sure Pro- 
 testant majority. The Ulster Protestants will be 
 steeled to the work by all their interests, their sym- 
 pathies, and their antipathies. Every motive, public 
 and private, will converge to the same end. They 
 thoroughly understand their enemies, and will not 
 relent or be deceived. They will never dream of 
 treating the National League as a body of misguided 
 friends and fellow-citizens, to be set right by appeals 
 to reason and enlightened conscience. They know 
 th,it they might as well apply sarcasm to a rabid 
 rhinoceros. They will have no hesitation in dealing 
 with the Leaguers as natural and mortal enemies, to 
 be crushed according to the laws of war.
 
 54 THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 56. 7th, The Planting Government must have an 
 assured command of the necessary money, by being 
 invested with the exclusive power of collecting taxes 
 over a part of Ireland sufficient to yield a revenue of 
 at least £3,000,000, according to the present rate of 
 taxation.
 
 00 
 
 IV. 
 
 PAETICULAES OF TREATMENT. 
 
 57. Such are the general principles. Now for the 
 practical application. If you adopt the findings of 
 the Special Commission in condemnation of the Irish 
 leaders, you are logically bound to make some change 
 in the constitution of the United Kingdom. The 
 Queen's judges have in effect found that the majority 
 of the Irish nation is deliberately engaged in a crimi- 
 nal conspiracy, of which outrage and assassination are 
 essential elements. They have given a judicial stamp 
 to Mr Gladstone's assertion that " the ultimate sanction 
 of boycotting is murder." It never has succeeded, 
 and never can succeed, except through a well-grounded 
 fear that past outrage will be imitated in the future. 
 To allow such a nation to have any longer any share 
 in your Government and Legislature is the height 
 of folly, if not absolute wickedness. It is simply 
 cherishing a disease, which must prove fatal to the 
 British body politic, if not cast out by prompt treat- 
 ment of the most vigorous type. You must hang up 
 the Union to save its life. The < lovniiment ought
 
 56 THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 to force through the House of Commons, with the 
 least possible debate, a short Act suspending the Act 
 of Union for thirty years, and providing that during 
 that period, the Parliament of Great Britain shall 
 have the same legislative powers over Ireland as over 
 England and Scotland. Peers of the United King- 
 dom ought, of course, to be considered peers of Great 
 Britain, for the time being. This will at once rid 
 the House of Commons of its worst elements of dis- 
 cord and degradation, double the patriotic majority, 
 and render it almost impossible for the Destructives 
 to get a majority at the next general election. Even 
 if they do, the majority will be so small that they will 
 not dare to repeal this Act, or the next, against the 
 almost unanimous opposition of the Upper House. 
 But the election ought, of course, to be postponed till 
 the last moment — June or July 1893. Every minute 
 is precious for getting a good start in Ulster. To 
 dissolve a year earlier would be a wicked waste of a 
 golden opportunity ; to dissolve at any other season 
 would be a gross tactical blunder ; to do so in winter 
 would simply be throwing away at least a score of 
 seats. Midsummer is the only time for a Conserva- 
 tive general election, for two reasons : first, can- 
 vassing is much easier and pleasanter, especially to 
 ladies ; secondly, as everything is done by daylight, 
 there is less risk of successful personation at Liver- 
 pool and other places where there are many Irish on 
 the register. 
 
 58. The House having been cleared of the great 
 body of Obstructives, an Act for the government of
 
 PAETICELAES OF TREATMENT. 57 
 
 Ireland during the suspension of the Union ought to 
 be passed in the same session — if possible, that of 
 1S90. Prompt suspension for the rest of the session 
 will soon put an end to obstruction by English 
 Eadicals. It is amazing to outsiders that certain 
 outrageous brawlers have not been so suspended, or 
 expelled, in many former sessions of the present 
 Parliament. The Act ought to enact — 
 
 59. (a) That Ireland (except that portion of it 
 hereinafter described as the Grand Duchy of Ulster) 
 shall be governed as a Crown colony, 1 the sovereign 
 having sole and absolute legislative, judicial, and 
 executive authority, which he may delegate as he 
 pleases; provided that he shall do nothing in con- 
 travention or evasion of this Act and its spirit, 
 
 60. (6) That no legislative body, if wholly or partly 
 elective, shall be established by the Crown in Ireland, 
 and that no change shall be made in the present con- 
 stitution and powers of the superior courts of justice 
 at Dublin, without the consent of both Houses of the 
 Parliament of Great Britain. [The object of this and 
 succeeding sections is to prevent possible mischief 
 from the influence of a Radical Cabinet.] 
 
 61. (c) That all municipal councils, boards of 
 guardians, and other elective local authorities, now 
 existing or hereafter to be established in Ireland or 
 Ulster, shall be elected by the ratepayers voting 
 according to their rates, in the manner hereinafter 
 prescribed (in section /) for such elections in the 
 
 1 As proposed by Sir M. E. Grant-Duff in hia Bpeech at Banff, Nov. 
 2, 1888.
 
 58 THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 Grand Duchy of Ulster. All local rates shall in the 
 first instance be paid by the occupier, whether the 
 premises belong to him or not ; but he may deduct 
 one-half of the amount from the next payment of 
 rent made by him to the owner. The liability of the 
 occupier for the other half shall be personal, and it 
 cannot be levied from the owner or any succeeding 
 occupier. An owner of rated property let to another 
 person shall not be liable for any portion of the rate, 
 unless he has received rent for the period in question, 
 and then only to the extent of the rent actually 
 received. No rate shall be levied on any land, whose 
 owner or occupier has been prevented from cultivating 
 it, or feeding cattle on it, or gathering or selling the 
 produce, or selling the cattle, by any conspiracy on 
 the part of other persons, such as the practices com- 
 monly called boycotting : provided that, if the loss 
 sustained has been only partial, a proportionate de- 
 duction shall be made from the valuation, and the 
 rate be levied on the remainder. No rate shall be 
 levied on land left vacant during the six months of 
 grace allowed for redemption by an evicted tenant, 
 unless the said tenant redeem, in which case the 
 whole rate shall be levied from him. All municipal 
 corporations and other local authorities shall be sub- 
 ject to the control of the Local Government Board, as 
 regards audit of accounts and otherwise, in the same 
 manner as boards of guardians at present. The 
 Local Government Board shall remove any member 
 of a local authority, and declare him incapable of re- 
 election for life or a fixed period, if he make himself
 
 PARTICULARS OF TREATMENT. 59 
 
 wantonly offensive to any other member, or impede 
 the despatch of business by excessive talking or 
 otherwise. The provisions of this section shall apply 
 to Ulster also. [They will cut at the root of many of 
 the most nefarious devices of the League for the ruin 
 of landlords and honest farmers. The present law 
 as to levy of rates is scandalously unreasonable and 
 unjust.] 
 
 62. (d) That coroners shall no longer be elected, but 
 they and justices of the peace shall be appointed only 
 by the Court of Queen's Bench for life, or such periods 
 as it may think proper, and may be dismissed by the 
 said Court for any reason which it may think sufficient. 
 No person shall be eligible for election as mayor or 
 alderman in Dublin, Cork, and Limerick, unless he 
 has previously been appointed a justice of the peace. 
 In other municipal corporations no person elected to 
 such offices shall exercise any magisterial functions, 
 unless already a justice of the peace. The police may 
 refuse to execute any coroner's warrant, until the 
 Court of Queen's Bench has considered and passed 
 orders on the proceedings. [No one can doubt the 
 need of this provision who remembers the proceedings 
 of these courts of malice against Mr Brownrigg at 
 Mitchelstown, Ellen Gaffney at Philipstown, Captain 
 Hamilton at Coolgreany, and Messrs Dudgeon and 
 Empson at Collon.] This provision shall also apply to 
 Ulster, substituting the words " High Court of Ulster" 
 for " Court of Queen's Bench." 
 
 63. (e) If in any civil suit or criminal trial, either 
 party asserts that the jury is likely to give an untrue
 
 60 THE EADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 verdict under the influence of corruption, intimidation, 
 party feeling, religious sympathy, personal antipathy, 
 or any other improper motive, and the judge is satisfied 
 that there are reasonable grounds for the assertion, the 
 suit or trial shall be heard and determined by the 
 judge exclusively, discharging the functions of a jury 
 in addition to his own. This provision shall also be 
 applicable to Ulster. 
 
 64. (/) The police shall be bound to eject any 
 person whom they have reason to suppose a trespasser, 
 when requested by any person whom they may reason- 
 ably suppose to be the owner or lawful occupier of the 
 premises, or a member of his family, or his representa- 
 tive, agent, or servant. The burden of proving excess 
 of force in ejection shall be on the trespasser. No 
 force shall in any case be deemed excessive, unless it 
 causes death, fracture of a bone, loss of any joint or 
 member, privation or serious permanent impairment 
 of any sense or bodily function, serious permanent 
 disfigurement, or incapacity to move about or attend 
 to ordinary business for the space of a whole month. 
 No force whatever shall be deemed excessive, if the 
 trespasser shows by words or otherwise an intention 
 of using any deadly weapon, or a stone, or any hot, 
 poisonous, or otherwise dangerous substance, after 
 being warned by the police officer. Whatever may be 
 done to eject a trespasser may be done to prevent his 
 entrance under similar circumstances. The powers of a 
 constable under this section may be conferred by the 
 lord lieutenant of a county on any respectable house- 
 holder not objected to by the chief police officer of the
 
 PARTICULARS OF TREATMENT. 61 
 
 county, and may be at any time withdrawn. This 
 also shall be applicable to Ulster. 
 
 65. (g) That the Grand Duchy of Ulster (as defined 
 in the annexed Schedule I.) shall be incorporated with 
 the kingdom of Great Britain for purposes of external 
 defence, foreign relations, the regulation of commerce, 
 the management of the telegraphs and post-office, and 
 legislation relating to the above matters. It shall be 
 represented in the House of Lords by twelve peers of 
 Ireland possessing land of the annual value of £1000 
 within the Grand Duchy, to be elected by all the 
 peers having the said qualification. It shall be rep- 
 resented in the House of Commons by two members 
 for the University of Dublin, and 26 members to 
 be elected according to the present law for the 26 
 territorial constituencies described in Schedule IV. 
 [The number is fixed with reference to the taxation 
 of Ireland as compared with that of the United 
 Kingdom. She pays less than a tenth of the whole 
 (£7,000,000 out of £74,000,000), and is absurdly 
 over-represented by 103 members out of 670.] One 
 member for 75,000 inhabitants instead of 50,000 
 would be a very liberal allowance — especially as the 
 population is decreasing. On that scale Ireland would 
 have 68 territorial constituencies, besides the Univer- 
 sity of Dublin. She would get very few more, if a new 
 distribution were made according to the population of 
 the United Kingdom, after the census of 1891. Even 
 according to that of 1881 she has a dozen too many. 
 
 66. It will be seen that the temporary disfranchise- 
 ment of Ireland will not affect two-fifths of the coun-
 
 62 THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 try from the very beginning. Another fifth, Leinster 
 and Dublin city, will be brought into the pale of 
 representation after ten or twelve years, as I shall 
 hereafter explain. And another fifth, Munster (except 
 Clare), will be re - enfranchised after about twenty 
 years, when Leinster has been so assimilated to Ulster 
 as to contain a majority of Protestants. Only Con- 
 naught and Clare will remain a Crown colony for the 
 full period of thirty years. 
 
 67. (h) That the supreme legislative, judicial, and 
 executive authority in and over the Grand Duchy of 
 Ulster, for all purposes except those already specially 
 excepted, shall be vested for thirty years in a great 
 Council of 368, to be elected for five years at a time. 
 Trinity College shall be represented by its two 
 members of Parliament. Of the remaining 366, half 
 shall be elected by the adult male inhabitants of the 
 145 rural baronies and 16 urban wards, who have 
 attained the age of twenty-five, are able to read and 
 write, and are not disqualified by conviction of felony, 
 defect of intellect, or receipt of public relief. The 
 other half shall be elected by the ratepayers of each 
 barony or ward. Each ratepayer shall have one vote 
 for every pound of valuation on which rates are paid 
 by him either as owner or occupier ; consequently, a 
 man living in his own house shall have two votes for 
 every pound rated. There shall be separate valuation 
 lists of owners and occupiers ; the name of an occupy- 
 ing owner of course appearing in both. A landlord 
 paying rates for a tenant, rated at £4 or less, shall 
 have a corresponding number of votes in the occu-
 
 PARTICULARS OF TREATMENT. C3 
 
 pancy-roll. The exemption of tenements under £8 
 (and not under £4) in certain boroughs shall cease, 
 and (after the first election) the tenant having an 
 interest in his farm shall be rated as an occupying 
 owner upon its market value. That part of this 
 section which relates to rating shall apply to the 
 Crown colony of Ireland as well as the Grand Duchy 
 of Ulster. [As the tenant having an interest in his 
 farm is really a joint-owner, it is not fair that he 
 should, as at present, escape taxation on all his 
 property, and on a great part of wdiat he occupies. 
 The real letting value of an Irish farm is the land- 
 lord's rent, plus about 5 per cent on the capital 
 value of the tenant's interest. This just and necessary 
 reform in rating will be an invaluable aid to the work 
 of plantation, furnishing a simple, sure, and self- 
 acting method of checking valuations of tenant-right 
 for purposes of compensation. Few men will over- 
 state the value of property on which they will have 
 to pay pretty heavy rates. And thus the value of 
 farms belonging to Roman Catholics, who may have 
 to be expropriated, can be correctly gauged by the 
 value set on adjoining farms by Protestants, who 
 have no temptation to deceive the Government. As 
 the valuation of tenant-right cannot be made quickly, 
 the first election must take place on the present rate- 
 books. Alter the new system of rating has been 
 established, and barony councils elected, the members 
 of the Great Council may be chosen by these local 
 bodies, instead of by the ratepayers directly.] 
 68. (i) Belfast shall be the seat of government. In
 
 64 THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 the cities of Belfast, Londonderry, and New Dublin, 
 each ward shall return one ratepayers' member and 
 one inhabitants' member for every 10,000 inhabitants, 
 or fraction thereof exceeding; two - thirds. But no 
 voting-paper may contain the name of more than one 
 candidate. [The wards of Derry herein contemplated 
 are those now existing. The wards of Belfast are the 
 present five, together with Lisburn, Lurgan, Newry, 
 Dundalk, and Drogheda. The wards of the new city 
 of New Dublin will be found described at the end of 
 the Schedule of Baronies, No. II.] The remainder of 
 Ulster shall be divided into baronies, with an average 
 population of nearly 11,000 according to the last 
 census, and probably little more than 10,000 according 
 to the next. Each of these shall return one member 
 for the ratepayers, and one for the male inhabitants. 
 The Great Council may allot additional members to 
 the cities after each census, and may create new wards, 
 or alter the boundaries of those now existing ; but 
 except in this respect, it shall have no power to alter 
 its own constitution without the consent of Parlia- 
 ment. [Twenty-three members of each class have 
 been allotted to Belfast in anticipation of the census 
 of 1891, which will undoubtedly show a population 
 exceeding 240,000. It was 208,000 in 1881, and is 
 said to be increasing at the rate of 5000 a-year.] 
 
 69. (j) That all municipal councils, barony-moots, 
 boards of guardians, and other elective local authori- 
 ties now existing- or hereafter to be established in 
 Ulster (or Ireland), shall be elected by the ratepayers 
 voting according to their taxation, as above explained
 
 PARTICULARS OF TREATMENT. G5 
 
 with reference to the Great Council ; except the grand 
 juries of counties, which shall be elected by the coun- 
 cils of the cities and baronies over which their juris- 
 diction may extend. 
 
 70. [As a body like the Great Council, having 
 supreme legislative power, controls a man's life and 
 liberty, it is right that mere humanity (if it can be 
 called civilised) should be considered, as well as pecu- 
 niary support of the State, in determining the State's 
 composition and proceedings. But local boards are 
 merely managers of contributions for the common 
 advantage, and it is simple justice that each contrib- 
 utor should control the outlay in exact proportion to 
 the income derived from his pocket. What he does 
 pay can always be known with accuracy enough for 
 substantial justice. We may fairly leave out of sight 
 tolls, harbour-dues, and similar items of local revenue, 
 which come largely, if not mainly, from outsiders, and 
 are generally spent with strict regard to the special 
 benefit of the payers. In the homely language of the 
 honest Scottish proverb, " Those who pay the piper 
 ought to choose the dance." The good old Whig 
 maxims, that " taxation without representation is 
 tyranny," and that " taxation and representation 
 should go hand in hand," have in late years been 
 sometimes honoured in the letter, but nearly always 
 outraged in the spirit. Representation of taxation is 
 a sham unless the one is proportioned to the other. 
 All justice is a matter of proportion. There is no ap- 
 proach to such proportion except in the election of 
 guardians of the poor and sanitary boards : and even 
 
 E
 
 66 THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 there its existence is threatened by the Radicals and 
 Parnellites, whom it prevents from pampering their 
 idle friends at the expense of their industrious neigh- 
 bours. The present arrangement of equal control and 
 unequal contribution to the maintenance of police, 
 roads, schools, drains, and even water-supply, is a 
 system of the grossest iniquity. It is neither more 
 nor less than downright Communism — systematic 
 plunder under the form of law and the name of taxa- 
 tion. Equal voting power could be just, only if the 
 money to be spent were raised by an equal poll-tax 
 on every elector. Few of the Destructives in the 
 present House of Commons have an equitable right to 
 their seats in an assembly which has absolute con- 
 trol of the whole revenue and expenditure of the 
 countr} T . They seldom represent a majority — gener- 
 ally not even a quarter — of the taxes paid in their 
 constituencies. 
 
 71. You have now a grand opportunity of firmly 
 cementing those things which the God of justice has 
 joined together, and which men's folly and wickedness 
 have put asunder. The most visionary Radical on 
 the side of the Union will admit the inexpediency of 
 extending local self-government on the English model 
 to the savage hordes of rebel Ireland. And the im- 
 pudent iniquity of " one man one vote " will win no 
 applause among the hard-headed hard-working men 
 of Belfast and the Protestant counties. They know 
 that equality means the tyranny of their idle and 
 ignorant enemies ; and feel that their only safety lies 
 in political recognition of natural inequality. They
 
 PARTICULARS OF TREATMENT. 67 
 
 need no political Darwin 1 to teach them that " quality 
 before quantity " is the first principle of civilisation, 
 even as it is the fundamental law of progress in every 
 department of the universe. 
 
 72. Belfast, happily, is safe under any possible 
 municipal franchise ; but Deny is not ; Newry is 
 not ; the Dublin townships are not. Bandou, Kings- 
 town, and Strabane have already fallen into the hands 
 of the Philistines. Vigilance is needed even in 
 Armagh. Outside the four Protestant counties, Cooks- 
 town and Eathmines are the only places deserving the 
 name of town which can boast of a Protestant ma- 
 jority. In historic Enniskillen the Roman Catholics 
 are now nearly 60 per cent of the population. In 
 Tyrone and Fermanagh Protestants pay more than 
 nine-tenths of the rates, but county councils on the 
 new English model would certainly be ruled by the 
 mere Irish. Protestants pay more than half of the 
 rates of Dublin, yet they have only five representa- 
 tives in a town-council of sixty members. Even this 
 paltry representation they will probably lose at the 
 next election. But if they had votes according to 
 their taxes, they would have a good prospect of elect- 
 ing a majority of the council. And the defeat of the 
 Parnellite pirates would be certain, if the many respect- 
 able Roman Catholics, who hate the League as an 
 honest man must, should simply abstain from going 
 to the poll. They pay probably half of the rates not 
 
 1 Professor Huxley's recent exposition of natural inequality eneour- 
 a hope that he will thoroughly play this part in the history of 
 human progress.
 
 68 THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 paid by Protestants. In many rural districts similar 
 results would follow ; and even in Cork and Limerick 
 there would be a great change for the better in the 
 character and condition of the elected. Local gov- 
 ernment may be granted to Ireland on this principle, 
 with a fair prospect of good and little danger of evil. 
 Introduced on the present English plan, it would soon 
 turn the country into a wilderness of wasp-nests. It 
 would be disguised State-socialism of the lowest type. 
 One set of citizens would pay nearly all the taxes, to 
 be spent in opposition to their wishes by another set, 
 who would pay little or nothing. 
 
 73. There is an appearance of complication in the 
 great reform proposed, but it is a delusive appearance. 
 There would be no confusion, and not much more 
 trouble, either in polling or registration, than there is 
 at present. The rate-books would show at a glance 
 how many votes could be claimed by each elector, and 
 it would only be necessary to give him a correspond- 
 ing number of voting-papers. Further simplicity and 
 better representation of minorities would be secured 
 by enacting that no voting - paper should be avail- 
 able for more than one candidate. This system 
 would have the effect which cumulative voting is 
 intended to have, but in a surer and simpler man- 
 ner. Women, infirm persons, and non-resident rate- 
 payers ought, of course, to be allowed to vote by 
 proxy, minors by their guardians, corporations by 
 their agents, and the Crown by the Lord Lieutenant 
 of the county.] 
 
 74. (k) That the Great Council shall continue to
 
 PARTICULARS OF TREATMENT. 69 
 
 levy all taxes now levied in Ulster by authority of 
 the Parliament of the United Kingdom, and shall not 
 remit or reduce them without consent of the Parlia- 
 ment of Great Britain. It may, however, enhance 
 such taxes, or impose new taxes. No tax shall be 
 levied in Ulster by Parliament, or any authority ex- 
 cept that of the Great Council and bodies subordinate 
 thereto. All taxes raised in Ulster shall be collected 
 and disposed of by the Great Council and its subor- 
 dinate bodies, subject to the provisions of this Act : 
 Parliament and the Government of Great Britain hav- 
 ing no power to interfere except for enforcing the 
 said provisions. All questions as to the interpretation 
 of this Act shall be decided finally by the High Court 
 of Ulster, sitting jointly with an equal number of 
 judges of the High Court of England, chosen by lot, 
 and with one judge of the Scottish Court of Session, 
 chosen in the same manner. No money raised by 
 general taxes shall be granted in aid of local rates, 
 except according to present rules and practice, or for 
 special expenditure made necessary by the Plantation, 
 or for other purposes, with the consent of Parliament. 
 The Great Council shall defray all charges now incurred 
 in Ulster by the Government of the United Kingdom, 
 except for the army, navy, and national debt. It 
 shall also defray the cost of the new superintending 
 civil staff and departmental offices, which must be 
 established at Belfast when the present officers at 
 Dublin cease to have control over Ulster ; also its 
 own expenses and those of the separate Privy Coun- 
 cil — provided that no payment shall be made to
 
 70 THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 any member of the Great Council, unless he is a 
 member of the Privy Council ; also the expenses 
 of the new High Court of Ulster, and any other new 
 court of justice which may be established. The re- 
 mainder of the revenue received from taxes, corre- 
 sponding with those levied in Great Britain, shall be 
 spent for the purposes of the Plantation in any year 
 when it may be required, and shall be accounted for 
 at the end of the thirty years, when the surplus, if 
 any, shall be applied to the reduction of the national 
 debt. All revenue from new or enhanced taxes may 
 be spent on the volunteers, or for purposes of the 
 Plantation, as hereinafter explained. 
 
 75. (I) That the Government of Great Britain shall 
 manage the telegraphs and post-office, and collect the 
 income therefrom ; but the Great Council shall have 
 power to forbid the nomination of any person for 
 employment in any such work in Ulster, and may 
 transfer, punish, or dismiss any person so employed, 
 whenever it thinks fit. It may search for, intercept, 
 or forbid the despatch of any letter or telegram. It 
 may establish telegraphic or postal communications of 
 its own, or make special use of the regular establishment 
 by means of its own officers for emergent purposes of 
 the Plantation. 
 
 76. (m) That the Great Council may delegate its 
 executive authority to a Privy Council of not more 
 than eleven members, whom it may appoint and 
 remove at pleasure. 
 
 77. (n) The Great Council may delegate its judicial 
 authority to such courts as it may think fit to establish,
 
 PARTICULARS OF TREATMENT. 71 
 
 including a High Court of not more than seven nidges, 
 
 O O JO 3 
 
 which shall have exclusively (except in regard to the 
 interpretation of this Act as provided in section Jc) all 
 the jurisdiction now possessed in Ulster by the House 
 of Lords, the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, 
 and the superior courts of every kind at Dublin. The 
 decisions of a full bench shall be final throughout 
 England, Scotland, and Ireland, and no court outside 
 Ulster shall at any time entertain any suit or com- 
 plaint on account of anything done by any person 
 while resident in Ulster, whether the consequences of 
 such action shall occur in Ulster or Ireland or Great 
 Britain. [This provision is designed to prevent harass- 
 ment of members or agents of the Ulster Government 
 who may have property, or may afterwards reside out- 
 side Ulster, by such proceedings as Mr Parnell's action 
 against the ' Times ; in Scotland.] 
 
 78. (o) Except at the instance of the Great Council, 
 no person shall be liable to a civil suit or criminal 
 prosecution, and no court shall issue process or take 
 any proceedings whatever, on account of anything 
 done by the Privy Council of Ulster, or under its 
 orders, or with its previous or subsequent approval, 
 for the purposes of the Plantation. A written declara- 
 tion by the Privy Council, or an officer empowered by 
 it to give such declaration, shall be conclusive proof 
 that the Act referred to was done for the purposes of 
 the Plantation. [The work cannot be done within 
 the allotted time, unless the managers have despotic 
 power, and are not liable to be harassed by chicanery, 
 or impeded by technicalities. They must have the
 
 72 THE KADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 resources of martial law at instant command, without 
 the trouble and delay of special legislation.] 
 
 79. (p) The Privy Council may forbid any person 
 or class of persons to enter Ulster ; and any person 
 disobeying such an order shall be an outlaw. 
 
 80. (q) The Privy Council shall have power to for- 
 bid any suit or prosecution, or to stay proceedings if 
 already begun, for a time not exceeding six months, 
 pending special legislation by the Great Council if 
 considered necessary. • 
 
 81. (r) The Privy Council may forcibly deport any 
 person from Ulster to any other part of Ireland, or to 
 any other Crown colony, or to any other country 
 which does not object to receive him : and it may 
 confiscate his property. [Tenants in some cases 
 will not emigrate voluntarily, unless they get far 
 more than the market value of their interests. This 
 provision is necessary also for the suppression of 
 boycotting]. 
 
 82. (s) The Privy Council may compel the sale of 
 a tenant's interest in the premises which he occupies 
 at what they consider the real market value in ordi- 
 nary times and circumstances. They may confiscate 
 his interest wholly or in part if he delays to remove 
 himself and his family when ordered, or resists for- 
 cible removal or deportation, or in any way obstructs 
 the work of the Plantation. A tenant under orders 
 to remove may, however, make a private sale of his 
 interest to any person approved by the Privy Council. 
 [This approval would, of course, be given only if the 
 purchase were made in good faith by a Protestant
 
 PARTICULARS OF TREATMENT. 73 
 
 intending to cultivate the farm in person or by means 
 of other Protestants.] 
 
 83. (t) In any barony or ward where 46 percent or 
 more of the inhabitants are Roman Catholics, in the 
 barony of Enniskillen, and in the baronies of Port- 
 lough and Lower Tirkeeran adjoining the city of 
 Londonderry, the Privy Council may compel any 
 owner to sell or lease to them any premises from 
 which they desire to remove a tenant, or which 
 they require for controlling the influx of new inhabi- 
 tants into a town. If sold, the price shall be twenty- 
 five times the net average judicial rent. If leased, 
 the landlord shall receive the net judicial rent, less 5 
 per cent for expenses of management. If the tenant's 
 interest remains in the hands of the Government at the 
 end of the lease (which shall in all cases run to the 
 expiry of this Act), the owner must either purchase 
 that interest at the price paid, or sell the farm to the 
 commissioners appointed by the Government of the 
 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland to wind 
 up the accounts of the Government of Ulster. [It is 
 highly improbable that this last provision will give 
 much trouble. In most cases the tenant's interest 
 will be bought by the Protestant settler. In the rest 
 the landlord will be glad to get it, the general im- 
 provement of the country having greatly increased 
 its value. This and some previous provisions may 
 seem unnecessary, as they could be enacted by 
 the Great Council itself. They may well, however, 
 be inserted in the Act of Parliament to save the 
 Council from spending time in discussions which
 
 74 THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 is urgently needed for the active work of the 
 Plantation.] 
 
 84. (u) The Privy Council shall have authority to 
 call upon the militia and all regular troops stationed 
 in Ulster to enforce its orders and prevent or repress 
 crimes and disturbances, when it may think that the 
 constabulary need such aid. It shall have absolute 
 and exclusive authority to raise, disband, and con- 
 trol volunteer forces within the Grand Duchy. For 
 the expenses of such forces the Great Council may 
 impose special taxes. [The inhabited-house -duty, 
 from which Ireland is now exempt, may be imposed 
 for this purpose without causing many murmurs. 
 Comparatively few Ulster Roman Catholics live in 
 houses rated at £20.] 
 
 85. (v) The Grand Duchy of Ulster shall, if the 
 Great Council so desire, at any time after the lapse 
 of five years from the date of this Act, be enlarged 
 by the addition of one or more of the counties of 
 Meath, Kildare, and Wicklow (as described in 
 Schedule III.) Each county so added shall then 
 become entitled to send a representative to the British 
 House of Commons at the next general election, and 
 two representatives for each barony (as provided in 
 section i) to the Great Council of Ulster. After 
 twelve years, or, if the Great Council so request, 
 after ten years, all the counties of Leinster (in- 
 cluding the city of Dublin, the city of Kilkenny, 
 and the town of Wexford), together with the urban 
 counties of Clonmel, Queenstown, and Waterford in 
 Munster, shall be incorporated with Ulster, and shall
 
 PARTICULARS OF TREATMENT. 75 
 
 be represented in the House of Commons and Great 
 Council (according to Schedules III., IV., and V.) in 
 the same manner as the original counties, baronies, 
 and wards of the Grand Duchy. Six additional peers 
 of Ireland shall be elected as members of the British 
 House of Lords. The Great Council may increase 
 the High Court of Ulster by four judges, and make 
 such other changes in the public establishments as it 
 considers necessary. Belfast shall continue to be the 
 seat of the Government and Great Council of the 
 Grand Duchy. The Government of the Crown colony 
 of Ireland shall be removed from Dublin to Galway. 
 After twenty years from the date of this Act, the 
 counties of Minister (except Clare, but including the 
 counties of the cities of Cork and Limerick and the 
 town of Tralee) shall be added to the Grand Duchy, 
 Belfast still remaining the capital. The same results 
 shall follow as from the incorporation of Leinster. 
 
 86. (w) The Government of the Grand Duchy shall 
 within twelve years, and if possible within ten, remove 
 from the counties of Armagh, Cavan or East Brefney, 
 Down, Fermanagh, Fingal, Monaghan, Oriel, and 
 Tyrone not less than 45,000 families (or separate 
 occupants of farms), on whose loyalty it cannot de- 
 pend, and put in their places 30,000 families (or 
 adult males living separately), on whose loyalty it 
 can depend. Not less than half of the removals and 
 replacements shall be in Oriel and Fingal. It shall 
 within twenty years remove at least 80,000 families 
 (or separate occupants of farms) from the ten rural 
 counties of Leinster (as described in Schedule III.),
 
 76 THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 and replace them with 54,000 families (or adult 
 males living separately). It shall further, before the 
 expiry of this Act, remove at least 90,000 families 
 (or separate occupants of farms) from the rural coun- 
 ties of Munster (excluding Clare), and replace them 
 with 60,000. It shall also remove 14,000 from the 
 county of Tyrconnel in Ulster and replace them with 
 7000. 
 
 87. (as) The towns of Lisburn, Lurgan, Newry, 
 Dundalk, and Drogheda shall from the date of this 
 Act form part of the municipal borough of Belfast, 
 each being a ward returning two (and in the case of 
 Newry three) members to the municipal council, and 
 each having a resident alderman or deputy-mayor 
 nominated by that council. The county of New 
 Dublin (as described in Schedule III.) is hereby 
 incorporated as a municipal borough under the Muni- 
 cipal Corporations Reform Act of 1840 (3 & 4 Vict, 
 cap. 108). It shall be governed by a council of 
 twenty -one members elected for the three wards 
 described in Schedule II. — nine for Kingstown, and 
 six for each of the others ; and by a mayor and seven 
 aldermen elected by the Council. The township of 
 Drumcondra Glasnevin and Clonliffe is hereby in- 
 corporated with the Mountjoy ward of the city of 
 Dublin ; and those parts of the parishes of Donny- 
 brook and St Mark lying within the township of 
 Pembroke, which are included in the Dublin Harbour 
 Parliamentary Division, are hereby incorporated with 
 the South Dock ward of the same city. The premises 
 of Trinity College shall cease to be part of the said
 
 PARTICULARS OF TREATMENT. 77 
 
 city, and shall form a separate barony and county in 
 the Grand Duchy — the governing body of the Univer- 
 sity being the local authority of the said county and 
 barony. The Great Council shall as soon as possible 
 organise local authorities for the other baronies and 
 counties of Ulster. 
 
 88. (y) This Act shall come into force from the 
 date of receiving the Royal assent, but until the date 
 of the first meeting of the Great Council, which shall 
 be not later than July 1st (let us hope 1891), all the 
 powers vested in that Council by this Act shall be 
 exercised by the present Viceroy of Ireland. Arrange- 
 ments for the first election shall be made by him 
 in accordance with section h of this Act. He shall 
 create the new counties and baronies described in 
 Schedules II. and III., by Order in Council, and ap- 
 point the officers requisite for their administration 
 under the present law. And he is hereby empowered 
 to create such new townlands as may seem necessary. 
 He shall also make such new arrangements of town- 
 ships (Navan to wit), poor-law unions and electoral 
 divisions, and other areas under local authorities, as 
 may be rendered necessary by the separation of the 
 Grand Duchy from the rest of Ireland. He shall also 
 arrange for the transfer of men and functions, from 
 the Local Government Board and other departmental 
 authorities at Dublin, to the new offices at Belfast. 
 He shall make provisional rules for the conduct of 
 business in the Great Council. The existing law 
 courts shall continue to exercise jurisdiction until new 
 courts have been established by the Great Council,
 
 78 THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 and shall then transfer to the High Court of Ulster 
 all suits and trials which may be claimed by the latter 
 as properly within its jurisdiction. [Arrangements 
 made in consultation with present Conservative and 
 Union - Liberal members of Parliament for Ulster 
 would doubtless be ratified at the first meeting of the 
 Great Council. Most of the judges of the new High 
 Court would simply be transferred from Dublin, 
 where the present staff would obviously be too large 
 for three-fifths of the present territorial jurisdiction. 
 Their places need not be filled up till Parliament has 
 fixed the future number.]
 
 79 
 
 V. 
 
 THE COUESE OF THE CUEE. 
 
 89. Let us now take a forecast of the probable 
 working of the machinery thus to be set up, after 
 a preliminary survey of the field of operations. Be- 
 fore making plans for the consolidation and extension 
 of the Protestant element in Ireland, one must have 
 clear notions as to its present strength and distribu- 
 tion. Map No. 1 will illustrate the facts and sim- 
 plify the exposition. Antrim and Down, as every 
 one knows, are overwhelmingly Protestant. In rural 
 Down the Protestants are 70 per cent, and in rural 
 Antrim nearly 80 per cent. In the city of Belfast 
 they are more than 70 per cent, and the proportion is 
 steadily rising. Most of the Roman Catholics in rural 
 Antrim are massed in three corners. The largest body 
 is in the mountainous north-east corner, the barony 
 of Lower Glenarm, with the adjoining half of Cary, 
 and the eastern parishes of Kilconway. Many of 
 these are Scotch Highlanders, brought in by the Mac- 
 donnells, Earls of Antrim, who were of the same stock 
 as the Macdonalds of Kintyre. Of the 6036 inhabi-
 
 80 THE RADICAL CUEE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 tants of the four parishes in the extreme north-east 
 only 832 (14 per cent) are Protestant. Another body 
 of Roman Catholics is on the swampy shores of Lough 
 Neaodi and the Bann, between Randalstovvnand Louedi 
 Beg. They are numerous along the Bann as far as 
 Finvoy. The third body is also on the shore of Lough 
 Neagh in the south-west corner of the county, and the 
 barony of Upper Massereene. This distribution is 
 typical of most of Ulster. Where there has been im- 
 migration, the Protestants occupy most of the arable 
 land ; the Roman Catholics occupy the hills, the bogs, 
 and the rocky coasts. Lough Neagh lies almost in 
 the heart of Protestant Ireland, yet the people of its 
 marshy shores are mostly Roman Catholic. Between 
 Crumlin and Antrim the land is higher and drier, and 
 there the people are mostly Protestant. The greater 
 part of Antrim is Scotch, but there is a compact 
 English colony in the valley of the Lagan, with 
 Lisburn as its centre. 
 
 90. In Down the Roman Catholics prevail all along 
 the south coast from Portaferry to Newry. Their 
 density is greatest between Newry and the Mourne 
 Mountains. Eastward it gradually lessens as we go 
 inland. North of Killyleagh and Ballynahinch the 
 people are almost entirely Scotch. In the west the 
 English element prevails among the Protestants, but 
 there is a strong Scotch colony at Dromore and 
 another about Rathfriland. South-east Antrim and 
 North-east Down were settled shortly before the great 
 confiscation of 1607 opened the way for the great 
 Plantation. The country on the shores of Belfast
 
 THE COURSE OF THE CURE. 81 
 
 Lough, vaguely called South Clandeboye, was held 
 forfeited on the attainder of Shane O'Neill in 1569. 
 After unsuccessful attempts by the Earl of Essex and 
 Sir T. Smith, Castlereagh and the Lower Ards were 
 planted by Hamilton and Montgomery, while I settled 
 Belfast and Carrickfergus. Scotland is very near, and 
 the success of these settlements attracted a stream of 
 immigration, w 7 hich was afterwards encouraged to 
 spread northward by the Macdonnells of Antrim and 
 O'Neills of North Clandeboye. West Down was 
 opened up by the forfeitures consequent on the re- 
 bellion of Magennis and other chiefs in 1641, but 
 Bagenal had formed an earlier settlement at Newry. 
 Shortly after the Civil War, North-west Dow r n and 
 South-west Armagh w^ere planted with Cromwell's 
 soldiers and other English settlers, who soon spread 
 into North Armagh. 
 
 91. Antrim and Down are a solid block of 2148 
 square miles, with nearly 700,000 inhabitants, of 
 wdiom 500,000 are Protestants — two-thirds of them 
 Scotch. This only is Protestant Ireland strictly so- 
 called, if we reckon by whole counties. Adjoining it 
 on the east lies half-Protestant Ireland — Armagh, and 
 the three counties forming the great central block of 
 Ulster. It has an area of 3302 square miles, and a 
 population of 610,000, in which the rival creeds have 
 almost equal followings. The last census show^s a 
 Ptoman Catholic majority of 1500, which has probably 
 now disappeared. The Protestants are holding their 
 own in Tyrone and Fermanagh, while gaining ground 
 
 F
 
 82 THE RADICAL CUEE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 slowly in Londonderry and rapidly in Armagh. In a 
 diminishing population their majority rose from 5000 
 in 1861, to 12,000 in 1881 — a change caused chiefly 
 by the growth of manufactures in Bessbrook and other 
 towns. The percentages are 55 in Londonderry, 53^ 
 in Armagh, 45 in Tyrone, and 44 in Fermanagh. 
 They are chiefly English in Armagh, East and South 
 Tyrone, and Fermanagh. In the last county the 
 Scotch are almost unknown ; they are, however, much 
 the stronger section throughout Londonderry and the 
 valley of the Foyle. On the whole there are about 
 three of English to two of Scotch descent. The Pro- 
 testants are by no means evenly distributed. In the 
 north-east corner the barony and liberties of Coleraine 
 are even more Scotch than the adjoining part of 
 Antrim. The northern and eastern parts of Armagh 
 (quite half of the county) are as English as the ad- 
 joining parts of Down. Protestants slightly predom- 
 inate on the shores of Lough Erne and Lough Foyle, 
 in the valley of the Blackwater and the main valley 
 of the Foyle, under its various names from London- 
 derry to Six Mile Cross ; but as we rise, receding 
 from the loughs and main streams, we find more and 
 more Roman Catholics. The hill-slopes and highland 
 valleys are peopled much as they were three centuries 
 ago. The parish of Upper Bodoney, in North Tyrone, 
 furnishes a striking illustration. In the lower half, 
 which is included within the new parliamentary 
 division of North Tyrone, nearly half of the people, 
 1021 out of 2321, are Protestant ; in the upper half 
 only about a twelfth, 192 out of 2378. In the great
 
 THE COURSE OF THE CURE. S3 
 
 upland block of South-central Deny and North- 
 central Tyrone, stretching from Maghera nearly to 
 Omao-h and from Dunnamaiina^li and Dunoiven 
 nearly to Dungannon, hardly one man in four is a 
 Protestant. The proportion is as bad at the two ends 
 of Fermanagh, in much more fertile country. It is 
 far worse in the extreme south of Armagh, beyond 
 Newry and Newtown - Hamilton. This region was 
 never planted, and differs little from the adjoining- 
 parts of Louth. The great barony of Dungannon, 
 lately trisected in a very clumsy manner, is typical of 
 the four counties. There is a small majority of Koman 
 Catholics. They occupy the western uplands on the 
 slope of the watershed of the Bann, and the low wet 
 lands on the shores of Lough Neagh. In the populous 
 parish of Clonoe, at the mouth of the Black water, nine 
 out of ten are Roman Catholics. The Protestants 
 occupy the central strip, which was more fertile and 
 easy to drain. They are in great force in the north, 
 about Cookstown ; whence their compact colony 
 stretches beyond Magherafelt in the adjoining county. 
 About Dungannon settlers and natives are nearly 
 equal ; but in the south, on the upper reaches of the 
 Blackwater, there is the strong Protestant colony of 
 Caledon and Aughnacloy, planted on the forfeited 
 estates of Sir Phelim O'Neill. 
 
 92. The remaining two of the six counties of 
 the great Plantation are the mere fringe of Ulster. 
 They were not so well planted in the beginning, and 
 the work in Cavan was almost obliterated in the 
 great Rebellion of 1641. The less inviting country
 
 84 THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 of Donegal has lost greatly by the emigration of 
 Presbyterians to America ; and the Protestants are 
 still losing ground. They are less by 11,000 than 
 in 1861, and are now only 23 J per cent instead of 
 25. The Roman Catholics are actually increasing 
 in the great rocky congested parishes of the west — 
 Templecrone (Dunglow) and Tullaghobegly (Gwee- 
 dore). The Protestants are mostly concentrated in 
 the eastern parishes in the valley of the Foyle, and 
 along the shores of the upper part of Lough Swilly, 
 and the upper part of the Bay of Donegal. They are 
 Scotch to the north of the Finn, and English to the 
 south. The barony of North Raphoe, with some 
 adjoining parts of South Raphoe, of Kilmacrenan (as 
 far as Millford), and of Innishowen (as far as Moville), 
 forms a half-Protestant tract whose natural connec- 
 tions are with Derry and Tyrone. Most of it was 
 included in the ancient territory bearing the latter 
 name. In the south, the country from Donegal town 
 to Lough Erne is almost up to the average level 
 of Fermanagh. In the parishes of Drumhome and 
 Templecarn the Protestants are 45 per cent, but the 
 equally good country near Ballyshannon shows a 
 great falling off to less than 20 per cent. They 
 are more numerous about Dunfanaghy and be- 
 tween Donegal and Killybegs. I blame myself and 
 my successors greatly for not thoroughly clearing 
 and planting Innishowen. For want of a Pro- 
 testant peasantry in the neighbourhood, there is 
 now a majority of Roman Catholics in the Maiden 
 City.
 
 THE COURSE OF THE CURE. 85 
 
 93. In Cavan the Protestants are pretty evenly 
 distributed at the rate of nearly 20 per cent. They 
 rise to 40 round Bailieborough and the shores of 
 Lough Oughter (Cavan and Killashandra), but sink 
 to the level of Lone-ford and Leitrim in the baronies 
 of Clanmahon and Tullaghaw, and almost disappear 
 in the hills about Stradone. They are nearly all 
 English except at Bailieborough. 
 
 94. Fertile Monaghan is for our present purpose 
 the most interesting, and as regards the work to be 
 done, by far the most important of the nine counties 
 of Ulster. It is the " Gap of the North," a Roman 
 Catholic wedge running into half-Protestant Ireland, 
 and cutting off Armagh from Fermanagh. Its history 
 is peculiar. It was made shire-land before the west of 
 Ulster, and was confiscated before the six counties — 
 most of it in 1589, by an act of gross injustice to the 
 Macmahon. Having been previously granted away 
 without conditions, it was not included in the scheme 
 of the great Plantation. Indeed, the baronies of 
 Dartrey and Trough (with parts of the others) re- 
 mained in the hands of the Macmahons and Mac- 
 kennas till after the great Rebellion, into which 
 they were led by their neighbour Sir Phelim O'Neill ; 
 but its fertility afterwards attracted settlers, and 
 the Protestants are now 26 per cent. The great 
 southern barony of Farney lies in a separate river- 
 basin, and differs from the rest of the county in his- 
 tory. It was at one time considered part of the 
 Pale, and was granted by Queen Elizabeth to the 
 Earl of Essex in 1569, but was never planted, and
 
 86 THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 is still like an ordinary part of Leinster. The still 
 larger barony of Cremorne in the centre is in nearly 
 the same plight, except at the Scotch settlements of 
 Ballybay and Castleblayney. The two northern bar- 
 onies, Trough and Monaghan, have strong settlements 
 of Scotch and English round Glaslough and Monaghan, 
 but are on the whole not much better than Cremorne 
 — only as 29 per cent is better than 26. Only the 
 western barony of Dartrey comes up to the level of 
 Tyrone and Fermanagh. The Protestants are nearly 
 44 per cent, and might be nearly 50 if the north-east 
 corner were cut off. 
 
 95. Obviously the first great object of the New 
 Plantation must be to consolidate half - Protestant 
 Ireland, by levelling up the "Gap of the North" to 
 the standard of Armagh and Londonderry. Farney 
 and nearly a third of Cremorne (in the south-west) 
 lie outside the necessary line of the first Protestant 
 ring-fence, and may be transferred to the adjoining 
 southern county, with which they are naturally and 
 historically connected. They were part of the old 
 principality of Oriel. Monaghan proper would then 
 be Protestant to the extent of one-third. Hence the 
 arrangement on the map of counties and baronies 
 (No. 2). 
 
 96. Outside Ulster there are nearly 300,000 Pro- 
 testants, a third of whom are in Dublin and its 
 suburbs. They have been gradually leaving the 
 city, where they are now only 20 per cent. In the 
 suburbs (including Kingstown) they are 40 per cent ; 
 in both together 25 per cent. In the suburban
 
 THE COUESE OF THE CURE. 87 
 
 township of Rathmines they have a small majority 
 of the 24,000 inhabitants. There is no considerable 
 mass of them anywhere else in the three provinces. 
 Few can be found among the poorer classes. The 
 Protestants of the middle class are mostly towns- 
 people. Protestant farmers are, with few exceptions, 
 found only in those counties of Leinster and Munster 
 which were partly confiscated before the Confederate 
 War, and partially planted by Boyle, Coote, Parsons, 
 and the other southern " Undertakers." They are 
 rare in the Pale and Kilkenny, but comparatively 
 numerous in King's County Queen's County, and 
 especially Wicklow, with the adjoining parts of 
 Wexford and Carlo w. There are also many in 
 South Cork, North-east Tipperary, East Sligo, and 
 about Carrigallen and Manorhamilton in County 
 Leitrim. These two latter counties of Connauoht 
 
 O 
 
 were finally confiscated when Leinster and Munster 
 were found insufficient for the payment of Crom- 
 well's army, and were afterwards partially settled. 
 Much of South Leitrim had, however, been granted 
 away before the war on the report of the iniquitous 
 Commission of Defective Titles. Wicklow is by far 
 the best rural county outside Ulster; it is even 
 better than Cavan — the Protestants being 20 per 
 cent instead of 19, and occupying a larger pro- 
 portion of the land. One reason is that the free- 
 booting native tribes of O'Byrnes and O'Tooles 
 were almost exterminated in a lon^ series of 
 bloody wars. The settlements in West Leinster 
 during the seventeenth century were rather urban
 
 88 THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 than agricultural. Maryborough and Mountmellick, 
 Portarlington and Parsonstown, even Athlone and 
 Tullamore, still have a notable Protestant element. 
 97. When the Protestants are 15 per cent, we 
 may safely assume that they pay half of the rates ; 
 and experience shows that boycotting, the Plan of 
 Campaign, misappropriation of poor-rates, and intim- 
 idation of juries are not easy to carry out, and can 
 be successfully resisted. There is therefore a marked 
 difference between such places and the rest of Roman 
 Catholic Ireland. On the map of creeds (No. 1), 
 the five considerable oases of civilisation have been 
 demarcated. The largest is the rough triangle ex- 
 tending from Dublin to Carlo w, Newtown Barry, 
 Ferns, and Ballaghkeen. It includes, besides the city 
 and suburbs, nearly all Wicklow, half of Carlow, and 
 a third of Wexford (in area though not in population). 
 There are 115,000 Protestants among the 485,000 
 inhabitants. The second includes the north-western 
 half of Queen's County, (five baronies), with part of 
 Cullenagh, the baronies of Clonlisk and Ballybritt 
 with parts of Eglish and Upper Philipstown in King's 
 County, and about half of the baronies of Ikerrin 
 and Lower Ormond in the county of Tipperary. Its 
 population is about 75,000, of whom 12,000 are 
 Protestant. Another is the valley of the Bandon 
 river in South Cork, from Inishannon upwards, a tract 
 containing about 30,000 inhabitants, of whom nearly 
 5000 are Protestant. All along the south coast, from 
 Kinsale to Crookhaven, the Protestants are generally 
 10 per cent or more of the population ; and about
 
 THE COURSE OF THE CURE. 89 
 
 Skull nearly 20 per cent. In four parishes, 1 with 
 14,500 inhabitants, there are nearly 2800 Protestants; 
 but they have not the same social strength there as 
 further east. Many are not settlers, but native 
 peasants converted by the Trenches during the 
 Famine. The fourth large oasis is the town of Sligo, 
 with the surrounding parishes, as far as Lissadill and 
 Ballysadare, and the country about Manorhamilton 
 and Drumahaire, in the adjoining county of Leitrim. 
 There are about 8000 Protestants among the 45,000 
 inhabitants. A much smaller one consists of the 
 town of Longford, with the valley of the Camlin 
 up to Ballinalee. There are 2500 Protestants with 
 12,500 Roman Catholics. The early settlers of this 
 county were nearly exterminated in the Civil War. 
 
 98. Supposing the Act to be passed before the 
 end of 1890, we may expect that the Irish Gov- 
 ernment will complete its arrangements in six 
 months, and that the Great Council will meet in the 
 middle of 1891; it will probably contain at least 259 
 Protestants against 109 Roman Catholics. If illit- 
 eracy is made a disqualification, there will be half- 
 a - dozen fewer of the latter. Almost all of those 
 elected by the ratepayers will be Protestants ; Roman 
 Catholic candidates can succeed only in one barony 
 of Tyrconnell (West Innishowen), four baronies of 
 Donegal (Outer Banagh, South Boylagh, North Boy- 
 lagh and Cloghaneely), in one barony of Cavan or East 
 Brefney (Stradone), in eleven baronies of Oriel (all ex- 
 
 1 Ductus, Skull, Kilcoe, and Kilmoe, nearly conterminous with 
 Ivahagh, the ancient territory of the western O'Mahonys.
 
 90 THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 cept Bailieborongh and Clankee), and in five baronies 
 of Fingal (all except Coolock and Kilmainham) ; also 
 in the ward of Drogheda, in the city and county of 
 Belfast. Twenty-three representatives are probably 
 quite as much as they deserve for their direct taxa- 
 tion, local and imperial. The division of inhabitants' 
 members would be closer. The Roman Catholics would 
 have nearly half of the rural baronies, and the Pro- 
 testants would have to depend on Belfast for their 
 superiority. Sixty-nine baronies will certainly return 
 Roman Catholics ; and they may hope for fifteen from 
 the cities — viz., two from Deny, four from New 
 Dublin, and nine from Belfast. Every ward of 
 Belfast, except Lisburn and Lurgan, might return 
 one, and St George's might even return two out of its 
 five. On the other side, if the Protestants are united, 
 there will be 72 members for baronies, and 23 for 
 wards of cities. In four rural baronies, Middle Orior, 
 Upper Dungannon, Clanawley, and Kilmacrenan, the 
 results are doubtful, the two parties being probably 
 nearly equal, though the exact numbers cannot be 
 ascertained. The census - returns do not give the 
 necessary information for townlands. If we add 
 two of the doubtful seats to each side, we shall have 
 in all 97 Protestants against 86 Roman Catholics 
 in that part of the Great Council which would form 
 the Lower House, if each kind of members sat 
 separately. 
 
 99. That traditional arrangement would work 
 well enough under ordinary peaceful conditions ; 
 provided that direct and indirect taxation were
 
 THE COUESE OF THE CURE. 91 
 
 separately controlled. Dead-locks could be averted 
 by the Norse plan of a joint sitting, after a dissolution 
 had shown that neither House was likely to give way 
 to the other. In this case so cumbrous a constitution 
 would defeat the very object of its creation. When 
 a great task of vital moment — in fact, a revolution, 
 is to be accomplished within a given time, constitu- 
 tional checks and formalities cannot be allowed to 
 tie the hands of statesmen. The Legislature of Ulster 
 must decide every question once for all by a single 
 division ; and its decision must have the support of 
 a secure and overwhelming majority. 
 
 100. It would of course be possible to provide 
 something better than a weak and not perfectly safe 
 majority of 12 in a house of 184, 1 by restricting 
 the area of the Grand Duchy. That would be right 
 enough if we had only to consider the safety of the 
 Protestant population of Ulster proper ; but it would 
 defeat or greatly delay all the other objects of insti- 
 tuting a separate government. The Protestants of 
 the North, instead of joining hands with their en- 
 dangered brethren in Dublin and Wicklow, would be 
 cut off by a wide fertile block of the most Komish 
 part of Ireland. This very expanse of Meath, Oriel, 
 and Fingal, is the most hopeful and attractive part 
 of all Ireland for settlement. Moreover, without 
 taking in the suburbs of Dublin and the intervening 
 counties, Ulster could not secure the surplus of 
 revenue required for carrying out the Plantation. 
 The boundary has been chosen to effect all these 
 
 1 Including Trinity College.
 
 92 THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 purposes, taking care also to have the area suffi- 
 ciently compact, and at least half of the population 
 Protestant. 
 
 101. Let me therefore explain and justify the 
 Schedules. No. I. defines the Grand Duchy in 
 terms of existing counties and other local divisions. 
 It includes the whole of the present province, except 
 a few townlands of Donegal and Fermanagh (trans- 
 ferred to Connaught for the better arrangement of the 
 latter county), the greater part of the hilly barony of 
 Tullaghaw in West Cavan (also transferred to Con- 
 naught), and a large group of Roman Catholic 
 parishes in South Cavan, which are transferred to 
 Leinster. The total population of the excluded parts 
 is 52,933, of whom only about 5241 are Protestant. 
 On the other hand, the Grand Duchy takes from Con- 
 naught most of the exceptional parish of Carrigallen 
 in Leitrim, with 1277 Protestants (30 per cent) among 
 its 4151 inhabitants. This fits in well enough with 
 the new county of Cavan, or East Brefney. Leinster 
 yields up a large area, containing about 243,965 inhabi- 
 tants, of whom about 50,091 are Protestants. Thus 
 the total population is 1,938,001, in which, according 
 to the last census, the Roman Catholics exceed the 
 Protestants by more than 26,000. As, however, the 
 Protestants of Ulster proper have been gaining on the 
 Roman Catholics since 1861, at the rate of nearly 
 5000 a-year, there can be little doubt that in 1891 
 we shall find the majority on the other side. In 
 1861 the Roman Catholics of Ulster were more by 
 20,000 than the Protestants; in 1881 they were less
 
 THE COURSE OF THE CURE. 93 
 
 by 76,000. The change is mainly due to the enor- 
 mous growth of Belfast, now the corner-stone of 
 Ireland. The annexed rural portions of Leinster 
 comprise the whole of Louth, more than half of 
 Meath, and all County Dublin north of the Liffey, 
 except the parish of Leixlip. 
 
 102. These rural districts will form a solid junction 
 between the sturdy North and the polished Protestant 
 colony of the Dublin suburbs. Dublin city we cannot 
 take in, saving only the site of Trinity College, which 
 is made a new county in itself, so that the University 
 may not be left in the outer darkness. The southern 
 suburbs are formed into a rather straggling borough 
 of New Dublin, also a county in itself. It includes 
 Kingstown, Dalkey, and Blackrock, Rathmines (less 
 the parish of St Catherine), and Pembroke (less that 
 poor section of it which forms part of the present 
 parliamentary division of Dublin Harbour). The Pro- 
 testants in the excluded part will not be more than 
 20 per cent of the 5000 inhabitants — probably a good 
 deal less. To round off the new borough, I have 
 added the parishes of Kilmacud and Stillorgan, with 
 some north-east townlands of Kill and Taney. In the 
 total population — 75,123 — there will be about 31,750 
 Protestants, — three out of seven. In the north they 
 will be three out of six ; in and about Kingstown, 
 three out of nine. Even under the present township- 
 franchise (£4 rating), the council would be controlled 
 by Protestants. As to the other townships, it is only 
 necessary to say that, besides the north end of Pem- 
 broke already mentioned, the old city gets the united
 
 94 THE .RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 town of Drumcondra ClonlifTe, and Glasnevin ; that 
 Killiney and Bray go to Wicklow ; and Clontarf and 
 New Kilmainham to the new county of Fingal ; and 
 that the small extra-urban parts of the parishes of St 
 Catherine, St James, and St Jude, intervening between 
 Ratkmines and New Kilmainham, are joined in one 
 new barony with the latter. Dublin is thus girt 
 with a ring of loyal Ulster, — a precaution which 
 may be of use in dealing with Fenians and other 
 firebrands. 
 
 103. All the Schedules have been drawn up after 
 mature consideration for nearly two years, involving 
 minute and repeated collation of large maps with the 
 detailed census-lists and other sources of information. 
 Readers with special local knowledge will of course be 
 able to point out improvements ; but I am reasonably 
 confident that the arrangements proposed will, on the 
 whole, work well, and be found worthy of adoption in 
 permanence. A few in Tyrconnel are intended to be 
 only temporary, pending the success of the Plantation 
 in the localities concerned. The barony has been 
 taken as the political unit, and framed by group- 
 ing of parishes and townlands on the following 
 principles : — 
 
 First, That it should have an average population of 
 rather more than 10,600 according to the last census, 
 which will probably have dwindled to 10,000 before 
 the next. The limits are 8000 and 14,000, except 
 for Kilmainham, which contains 14,500. Those which 
 approach the higher limit have generally a low val- 
 uation, or contain, like Kilmainham, a large class of
 
 THE COURSE OF THE CURE. 95 
 
 persons who cannot vote — such as soldiers, lunatics, 
 paupers, or other inmates of public institutions. 
 
 Second, That they should be compact, and, if pos- 
 sible, conveniently grouped round some market-town 
 or central village. 
 
 Third, That they should be homogeneous in class 
 of population and economic conditions. The hilly 
 regions have been separated from the plains, and the 
 arable country from the pastoral — a natural distinction 
 which coincides largely with a historical distinction, 
 the local prevalence of natives or settlers. 
 
 Fourth, That they should be susceptible of easy 
 grouping to form compact and convenient counties 
 and parliamentary divisions. 
 
 Fifth, That as many as possible should contain a 
 majority of Protestants ; thus, among other advan- 
 tages, to narrow the necessary field of operations 
 when the Plantation begins. 
 
 104. The counties and parliamentary divisions 
 have been framed on similar principles. Those of 
 Munster and Connaught are only provisional, as I 
 have not yet worked out the baronies ; but I do not 
 think that any substantial change will be found 
 necessary. Each parliamentary division contains six, 
 seven, or eight entire baronies. Seventy -five thousand, 
 according to the census of 1881, has been taken 
 as the standard of population for a division ; and 
 the counties have been arranged to contain multiples 
 of this unit. To consolidate Protestant Ulster, the 
 county of Londonderry has been merged in that of 
 Tyrone, and the old dominion of the O'Neills restored
 
 96 THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 to its former greatness, omitting only the awkward 
 peninsula of Innishowen. After taking in East Done- 
 gal, and lopping off a few southern parishes (Errigal 
 Trough, Kilskeery, Magheracross, and nearly half of 
 Clonoe), we shall find Protestants and Eoman Cath- 
 olics nearly equal in the great united county. The 
 next census will probably show a small majority on 
 the side of the former. An improvement is necessary 
 at an early date to give compactness to Fermanagh. 
 The border barony of Ballyshannon must be attached 
 to the county of Belfast until it has been planted, 
 since it contains a Roman Catholic majority of more 
 than 7000 ; but its natural connection is with Fer- 
 managh. That county has been altered so as to con- 
 tain a small Protestant majority (under 1000), by 
 cutting off its extremities and taking in more-Pro- 
 testant parishes from Donegal 1 and Tyrone. 2 In any 
 case, Tyrone and Fermanagh will have Protestant 
 county -government. In the latter, the Protestant 
 baronies are at least 4 out of 7, and in the former 
 19 out of 32. 
 
 105. The straggling, awkward, highly artificial 
 county of Donegal has been somewhat reduced by 
 transfers to Belfast, Fermanagh, and Tyrone, as well 
 as Connaught ; and the old territorial name of Tyr- 
 connel has been restored. Cavan (East Brefney) is 
 confined to the valley of the Erne, and loses more 
 than half of its area and population for the benefit of 
 Oriel, Meath, Longford (Annaly), and Leitrim (West 
 Brefney) ; but it gains a barony from Fermanagh, 
 
 1 Drumhome and Templecarn. 2 Kilskeery and Magheracross.
 
 THE COUESE OF THE CURE. 97 
 
 and a parish from Leitrim, besides some townlands 
 from Monaghan. One result of these changes is to 
 raise the Protestants from 19 to 25 per cent. Mon- 
 aghan is changed to make it fit in more neatly be- 
 tween Armagh and Fermanagh. It loses about a 
 third on the south and east, chiefly to Oriel ; but it 
 gets a fragment of a parish from Tyrone on the north, 
 and two small baronies from Fermanagh on the west. 
 In consequence of these changes it becomes more 
 compact, and has 33 per cent Protestants instead 
 of 26. Armagh is shortened and broadened so as 
 nearly to treble the Protestant majority in a rather 
 smaller population. The unsettled southern strip is 
 handed over to Oriel, and the towns of Lurgan and 
 Newry to Belfast. About 10,000 Protestants go 
 with about 26,000 Roman Catholics. By way of 
 compensation, Armagh gets the large parish of 
 Muckno (Castleblayney) with some other townlands 
 from Monaghan, and the large parish of Tullylish 
 (Gilford) with Shankill and some adjoining town- 
 lands of Donaghcloney from County Down. At the 
 north-west corner, it takes from Tyrone a portion of 
 Clonoe, almost exclusively Roman Catholic. In the 
 end 61 per cent (or more) will be found Protestant. 
 
 106. Down is changed only by the aforesaid trans- 
 fers to Armagh, and by the attachment of Newry, 
 Lisburn, and the new barony of Holywood to the 
 new county of Belfast. This new county includes 
 also the new baronies of Ligoniel in Antrim, and 
 Ballyshannon in Donegal. With these rural addi- 
 tions, and the five outlying wards of the municipal 
 
 G
 
 98 THE EADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 borough, the population of Belfast will be fully 
 300,000, even according to the last census ; and it 
 will be fairly entitled to retain its four seats in 
 Parliament. The county and municipal borough of 
 Drogheda are of course abolished. The abolition of 
 the county of Carrickfergus, and the transfer of Lis- 
 burn and the new barony of Ligoniel to Belfast, are 
 the only changes in Antrim. 
 
 107. The new county of Oriel, a famous old name 
 revived, corresponds nearly with the ancient princi- 
 pality in the old kingdom of Ulster. It includes all 
 Louth (except Dundalk and the southern parish of 
 Tullyallen), the southern strip of Armagh already 
 alluded to, the large barony of Farney with most of 
 the large parish of Aghnamullen in South Monaghan, 
 the south-east corner of Cavan (with about 25,000 
 inhabitants), and the north-east corner of Meath (with 
 about 14,000). Louth is discarded in favour of the 
 older name, partly because there is a parliamentary 
 division of Louth in England containing an important 
 market-town, but chiefly on the general principle 
 that ancient territorial names are to be preferred 
 on their own merits. They are well-known to the 
 people, and their revival will be a legitimate grati- 
 fication of the national feeling of the so-called Na- 
 tional party — if it has any. The present county- 
 names have seldom any title to veneration. Many 
 are borrowed from insignificant towns, and half of 
 them were coined so recently as the last quarter of 
 the sixteenth century. I have adopted old names, at 
 least as alternatives, wherever practicable, and have
 
 THE COURSE OF THE CURE. 99 
 
 followed the same rule in naming the baronies. 
 Every one will, I think, welcome the revival of Fin- 
 gal, as the name of a county formed of Dublin north 
 of the Liffey, with a few suburban parishes on the 
 south, and the south-west portion of Meath as far as 
 Drogheda and the Boyne. 
 
 108. The changes in Leinster need no explanation. 
 They are obviously made to create] nearly equal coun- 
 ties, each forming a parliamentary division in itself. 
 Dublin gets three members, and the boroughs of Wex- 
 ford and Kilkenny become urban counties in the 
 Waterford group, along with Queenstown and Clon- 
 mel. In Munster the enormous county of Cork has 
 been broken up into its old component parts — Car- 
 berry and Muskerry, Desmond 1 and Barrymore. 
 Tralee is carved out of Kerry to form an urban 
 constituency with the city of Limerick. North 
 Tipperary is restored to its natural connection with 
 Limerick, and the whole county of Clare to its 
 natural connection with Connaught. The extremely 
 clumsy counties of the last province have been re- 
 arranged in better accordance with history and 
 geography. 
 
 109. The Protestants being one-fourth of the popu- 
 lation of Ireland, ought to control seventeen of the 
 sixty - eight territorial constituencies. The parlia- 
 mentary divisions of Ulster have been arranged with 
 a view to this end of justice, which was shamefully 
 neglected in the arrangements of 1885. The wards 
 of Belfast were cut up, and the limits of the borough 
 
 1 In the narrower sense.
 
 100 THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 extended to secure representation of 60,000 ignorant 
 Roman Catholics ; but no change was made in 
 Dublin to secure representation of 90,000 intelligent 
 Protestant taxpayers in the city and its suburbs. 
 This could easily have been effected by the simple 
 expedient of treating the township of Rathmines 
 like Pembroke, which was long ago added to the 
 parliamentary borough. Dublin would then have 
 been entitled to five members, and the fifth could 
 have been provided by abolishing the sham borough 
 of Kilkenny, whose population is made to reach 
 15,000 only by the absurd addition of several rural 
 parishes. Under the scheme proposed the Protestants 
 can, if united, return members for North Tyrone, 
 West Tyrone, and Fermanagh ; though the contests 
 will be close, unless illiteracy is made a disqualifica- 
 tion. They are secure in the solid north-eastern block 
 of fourteen constituencies. 
 
 110. The revenue of the Grand Duchy cannot be 
 stated with any pretence to accuracy, but will prob- 
 ably be not far from half of the present revenue of all 
 Ireland. It contains two-fifths of the population, and 
 much more than two -fifths of the wealth. Half of 
 the customs -revenue comes from Belfast and other 
 northern ports ; and a custom-house at Kingstown 
 would draw away a great part of what is now re- 
 ceived at Dublin. The receipts from income - tax, 
 succession - duty, and other direct taxes at New 
 Dublin, would be very large in proportion to the 
 population — it being the place of residence for so 
 many men of business in the old city. On the other
 
 THE COUESE OF THE CURE. 101 
 
 hand, it must be remembered that half of the Irish 
 revenue comes from whisky ; much of which, how- 
 ever, is consumed and really paid for in England. 
 Dublin is the chief seat of the trade, and Ulster is by 
 far the most sober part of Ireland. To be on the 
 safe side, let us put the revenue of Ulster at two- 
 fifths of the whole revenue received in Ireland — i.e., 
 £3,000,000. The expenditure in Ireland, exclusive 
 of army, navy, and national debt, is rather less than 
 £3,750,000. Nearly a million is spent on education, 
 and a million and a half on police. The necessary 
 expenditure of Ulster would certainly not exceed two- 
 fifths of the present total, for it has far less than its 
 proportionate number of constables. Rural Ulster, 
 excluding Donegal, contains fully a quarter of the 
 population of Ireland, and little more than one-eighth 
 of the Royal Irish Constabulary. The surplus, indeed, 
 would be only £1,500,000 instead of the necessary 
 average of £2,000,000 ; but the work would be 
 slower and on a smaller scale in the earlier years. 
 £18,000,000 would be more than enough to remove 
 300,000 Irish and put 200,000 loyal folk in their 
 places. The annexation of Dublin and Leinster 
 would raise the surplus to nearly £2,500,000 during 
 the most expensive period of the undertaking. 
 
 111. Having got the money, what ought the Ulster 
 Government to do with it ? First of all, obviously, 
 it ought to round off the Protestant block by planting 
 the county of Monaghan and the barony of Bally- 
 shannon. To do this will involve the removal of 
 22,000 Roman Catholics in Monaghan, and 5000 in
 
 102 THE EADICAL CUEE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 Ballyshannon (in all 27,000), and the substitution of 
 17,000 or 18,000 Protestants. At the same time it 
 would be easy to ensure a decided Protestant major- 
 ity in the three doubtful parliamentary divisions, 
 by planting the new baronies of Glenderg, Upper 
 Tirkeeran and Upper Strabane in Tyrone, and the 
 new baronies of Tirhugh, Magheraboy, and Clanawley 
 in Fermanagh. This would involve the removal of 
 11,000 more Roman Catholics, 1 and the introduction 
 of 6000 or 7000 more Protestants ; the totals thus 
 reaching 38,000 and 24,000. This first campaign 
 would require three years. No actual planting could 
 be done in the first. It must be devoted to legislation 
 and general preliminary arrangements. The nature 
 of these will be described hereafter. 
 
 112. The objects of the second campaign will be 
 to strengthen still further the Protestant element in 
 Tyrone, so that it cannot by any political intrigues 
 lose its ascendancy ; to bring Cavan within the 
 Protestant fence ; to prepare the way for the great 
 southward march, by securing the southern baronies 
 of Down and Armagh ; and to carry out all these 
 changes so as at the same time to increase largely the 
 number of Protestant seats in the Great Council. To 
 effect these improvements, the Ulster Government 
 must remove 26,000 Roman Catholics from Cavan 
 (East Brefney) ; 7000 from the baronies of Mourne, 
 Castlewellan, and Rosstrevor in Down ; 5000 from the 
 baronies of Tiranny, Keady, Middle Fews, and Middle 
 Orior in Armagh ; 6000 from the baronies of Clogher, 
 
 1 5000 from Fermanagh.
 
 THE COURSE OF THE CUEE. 10 
 
 ■i 
 
 Fintona, and "West Omagh in Mid Tyrone ; and 4000 
 from Mountj oy (Stewartstown) and Upper Dungannon 
 in South-east Tyrone ; also 3000 from the city of 
 Londonderry. In all, 51,000 Eoman Catholics must 
 make room for about 30,000 Protestants. All of these 
 reckonings, it must be remembered, are based on the 
 figures of 1881, from which in practice a reduction of 
 at least 5, and sometimes 10 per cent will be found 
 feasible in the rural districts. This work ought to 
 be finished in two years. Among the results of the 
 two campaigns would be the gain of two seats in 
 Parliament (Monaghan and East Brefney), and the 
 gain of thirty -four seats in the Great Council. In 
 five years from the institution of the Ulster Govern- 
 ment, its essential work in Ulster proper ought to 
 be practically accomplished. Three parliamentary 
 divisions, Mid Tyrone and the two Tyrconnels, will 
 remain to be conquered ; but they are out of the line 
 of direct march, and may be assimilated at leisure. 
 They are not very inviting to emigrants from Eng- 
 land and Scotland, and must be gradually repeopled 
 from Ulster itself. There will be less difficulty about 
 the Roman Catholic baronies of Ma^hera and 
 
 O 
 
 Loughinsholin (Draperstown) in North - east Tyrone. 
 These also ought to be transformed, but the baronies 
 of Glenarm in Antrim and Lower Lecale in Down 
 may be safely left untouched as interesting remnants 
 of old Ireland. The town of Enniskillen, and the 
 barony of Clanawley may be made Protestant by the 
 same piece of work. There is a Protestant majority 
 of about 1000 in the rural part, and an equally
 
 104 THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 large Roman Catholic majority in the urban. By 
 sweeping away the latter the whole barony is secured, 
 along with the whole of the famous Protestant town. 
 That part of it which lies in the old barony of Tir- 
 kennedy and new barony of Enniskillen is already 
 half-Protestant. 
 
 113. The total number to be removed from Ulster 
 proper is 185,000, according to the last census ; the 
 total for Tyrone will be 41,000 ; for Fermanagh, 
 10,000 ; and for Tyrconnel 74,000. A complete 
 clearance must be made of the great pauper rabbit- 
 warrens in the north-west of the last-named county. 
 Cloghaneely and North Boylagh cannot support com- 
 fortably more than a third of their present population, 
 and when properly depleted may be consolidated into 
 a single barony. 
 
 114. In five years all ought to be ready for the 
 decisive battle of the two nations. The men of Ulster 
 will have gained confidence and skill by success in a 
 novel but comparatively easy struggle of the same 
 kind. They will have a broad and impregnable base 
 for the conquest of the rich country between Newry 
 and Dublin. That will be the key-stone of the arch. 
 It will be the most costly, and in many respects the 
 most difficult portion of the whole enterprise. An 
 obvious difficulty is the number of large Roman 
 Catholic landlords, the Norman Lords of the Pale. 
 But this obstacle is more apparent than real. Their 
 priests will compel them to make a show of opposition, 
 but in most cases it will be only a show — their hearts 
 will not be in it. Even the most Ultramontane land-
 
 THE COURSE OF THE CURE. 105 
 
 owner must in his heart prefer heretic tenants, who 
 are sure to pay their rents, to " good Catholics," who 
 will keep it in their own pockets if they get a chance. 
 A more serious trouble is the existence of a large body 
 of small Eoman Catholic landowners holding the north- 
 eastern part of the barony of Farney. These are the 
 late tenants of the Marquis of Bath, who have pur- 
 chased their farms under Lord Ashbourne's Act. The 
 great cost of buying them out is not the chief obstacle 
 — it would all be recovered in time ; but their com- 
 pulsory expropriation would have an air of bad faith 
 and hard treatment. Fortunately they cannot sub- 
 divide for fifty years ; and if this provision is strictly 
 enforced, the present holders at least may be left un- 
 disturbed during good behaviour. The clanger of 
 general expulsion would secure general docility, and 
 make each man eager to aid the police in detecting 
 Fenian agents and other criminals. Including their 
 families and servants, the persons concerned are prob- 
 ably about 8000 souls, nearly all within the new 
 barony of Farney (Carrickmacross). Another diffi- 
 culty is the exposed border, liable to be invaded by 
 secret agitators and nocturnal brigands. It is to 
 avoid this that provision is made for the early annex- 
 ation of Meath and Kildare. Yet another difficulty 
 is avoided by the provision for governing Drogheda 
 and Dundalk from Belfast. Hostile or even weak 
 local authorities in these gates of Meath and Louth 
 might cause not only a good deal of unpleasantness, 
 but some serious impediment. 
 
 115. Another peculiar circumstance is that the new
 
 106 THE EADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 counties of Oriel and Fin^al must be raised to the 
 state of Down and Antrim, in order that the city 
 of Dublin, as well as Drogheda and Dundalk, may 
 be gradually transformed by recruitment from a 
 thoroughly Protestant rural population. The same 
 thing must be done afterwards to Wicklow and part 
 of Kildare : a bare majority will not suffice. The 
 Koman Catholics of Oriel and Fingal, excluding the 
 Dublin suburbs, and such towns as Skerries, Balbrig- 
 gan, Ardee, and Carrickmacross, are about 180,000. 
 At least three-fourths (135,000) must be removed, 
 and 90,000 Protestants put in their places. As the 
 farms are larger than in most other parts of Ireland, 
 fully 9000 families of Protestant labourers must be 
 imported, chiefly from England and Scotland. Ulster 
 cannot supply nearly so many at once, though it will 
 probably send half or more of the 9000 farmers also 
 required. The total number to be removed from the 
 original Grand Duchy will then be 320,000, according 
 to the census of 1881. These must be replaced by 
 190,000 Protestants. The population will then con- 
 sist of nearly 1,100,000 Protestants, and less than 
 600,000 Roman Catholics. 
 
 116. This third and greatest campaign will be con- 
 ducted under great physical difficulties, and against 
 most furious opposition in Ireland ; but good manage- 
 ment and dogged perseverance will ensure success, 
 and success in this campaign will change the course 
 of Irish history. Everything else will become easy. 
 English capital will flow into Leinster and Munster 
 as soon as they are annexed ; and when the Ulster
 
 THE COURSE OF THE CURE. 107 
 
 Government comes to deal with a southern county, 
 it may find much of its work already done for it 
 by private enterprise. Roman Catholic tenants w T ill 
 readily sell when they get a good offer, knowing that 
 they must go later, if they do not go sooner. 
 
 117. In the second period of five years, Lower 
 Tyrconnel and Mid Tyrone, as well as Oriel and 
 Fingal, ought to be made Protestant counties ; but 
 an extension of two years may be taken by the Ulster 
 Government to make all sure before it annexes 
 Leinster. The name Ulster will not then be fully 
 descriptive of the Grand Duchy ; but the United 
 Grand Duchies of Ulster and Leinster would be a far 
 too cumbrous title, and would have to give way after 
 eight or ten years (on the annexation of Minister) to 
 a title still more cumbrous. It is better, on the whole, 
 to keep the first name unchanged through all the 
 thirty years. Little needs be said about the plan- 
 tation of Leinster. The advance ought to be first 
 southward to Wexford, and then westward to Ossory 
 and the Shannon. The ten counties (excluding Wex- 
 ford and Kilkenny) have about 810,000 inhabitants, 
 of whom nearly 90,000 are Protestant. The removal 
 of 450,000 Roman Catholics, and the substitution 
 of 300,000 emigrants from England, Scotland, and 
 Ulster will ensure a Protestant majority of nearly 
 120,000 — almost enough to counterbalance the Dublin 
 rabble. It will be possible to treat Wicklow and most 
 of Kildare like Oriel and Fingal, and thus surround 
 Dublin with a thoroughly Protestant country. And 
 the interesting old English colony of South Wexford
 
 108 THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 may be left undisturbed in Forth and Bargay, if 
 a clean sweep is made of the Irish in the other 
 baronies. 
 
 118. Twenty years after the first meeting of the 
 Great Council it may expect to begin the plantation 
 of Munster. The thirteen rural parliamentary divi- 
 sions have about 1,000,000 inhabitants, of whom less 
 than 50,000 are Protestant. To ensure a Protestant 
 majority of 100,000, or 7500 on the average for each 
 division, we must remove 600,000 Eoman Catholics, 
 and put 400,000 Protestants in their places ; but 
 keeping within the limit of one-third for all Ireland 
 (1,320,000), we can remove only 550,000. West 
 Carbery, therefore, the least inviting and not the most 
 troublesome part of the province, must be left out 
 of the present calculations. As already explained, it 
 is expected that the census of 1891 will show only 
 500,000 occupying the places of the 550,000. Perhaps 
 the census of 1901 will show a further decrease ; and 
 as the plantation of Munster will not begin before 
 1911, there is every reason for expecting that West 
 Carbery also may be planted without exceeding the 
 gross estimates for the cost of removing 1,200,000 : 
 but the money might be better spent in Sligo or 
 Clanricarde. The former contains a valuable seaport, 
 and even now more than 10,000 Protestants. The 
 latter contains Ballinasloe, the seat of the great live- 
 stock market of the kingdom. 
 
 119. As to the modus operandi, I need only trace 
 the broad outlines. The Privy Council would do 
 well to intrust the general management of the Plan-
 
 THE COURSE OF THE CURE. 109 
 
 tatiou to a first-class man of business, such as the 
 manager of a great railway or steamship company. 
 £10,000 a-year or more would not be wasted in 
 securing his services. Under him ought to be a staff 
 of local agents qualified for valuation, and another 
 staff of recruiting agents, who could visit England 
 and Scotland, and personally conduct parties of 
 farmers and representative labourers wishing to see 
 their future homes before closing the bargain. Each 
 tenant selected for expropriation ought to get notice 
 for six months, after valuation by the local agent. 
 During this time he could appeal to the general 
 manager, who ought to have one or two deputies 
 specially qualified for this sort of work. They would 
 also have to check the local valuer's estimate, if it 
 exceeded ten times the judicial rent. Unless the 
 appellate authority should think it necessary to give 
 an extension of time, a fresh notice to remove ought 
 to be served on the tenant one month before the 
 expiration of the six. If desired, £10 would be 
 advanced to him for expenses of removal ; and he 
 would get free railway - tickets for himself and his 
 family. On presenting himself at Belfast, Deny, or 
 Kingstown, and producing a certificate that he had 
 delivered up possession of his farm (in as good condi- 
 tion as when it was valued), he ought to get a cheque 
 for the price of his interest therein on some bank 
 in America, or elsewhere outside the British Islands. 
 Free passages to America would be provided ; and the 
 emigrants would get free lodgings while waiting to 
 embark. Iron barracks could be quickly put up for
 
 110 THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 their accommodation. At the end of six months the 
 tenant would forfeit a shilling in the pound of his 
 tenant-right for every day's delay ; and at the end of 
 the seventh month he would be forcibly expelled and 
 deported. In towns like Enniskillen and London- 
 derry, the Government ought to buy up all the 
 houses and adjoining fields in order to prevent the 
 influx of fresh Roman Catholics.
 
 Ill 
 
 VI. 
 
 AIDS AND PRECAUTIONS. 
 
 120. Some further legislation would be needed to 
 make resistance and obstruction of any kind a game 
 clearly too dangerous for anybody but a madman. 
 The Government of Ulster must be, before all things, 
 a Government that will " stand no nonsense." Im- 
 prisonment with hard labour for six months must be 
 made the minimum of punishment for assault or ob- 
 struction of a constable, process-server, sheriff's officer, 
 or other public servant discharging any duty in con- 
 nection with the Plantation ; and each member of a 
 riotous crowd or occupant of a defended house must be 
 made liable to punishment for the acts of any unknown 
 person in his company. There will be no hardship 
 in this. Persons who do not want to get into trouble 
 on such occasions have only to restrain their curiosity, 
 keep their distance, and mind their own business. 
 Needless gathering in a crowd ought to be distinctly 
 recognised as a misdemeanour. It is an abetment of 
 violence, by increasing the facility of commission and 
 the difficulty of detection.
 
 112 THE EADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 121. Penal legislation, however, is hardly the most 
 important part of the work of the Great Council. 
 Prevention is better than cure. The present state of 
 the law as to trespass, insult, and self-defence, can 
 only be described as wickedly perverse. It seems 
 designed to combine the utmost encouragement of 
 malice, disorder, and wanton aggression, with the 
 utmost embarrassment and intimidation of public 
 servants doing their duty, and honest citizens 
 asserting or defending their rights. What can be 
 more absurd than the formalities of an eviction % 
 Can any one show a shadow of a reason why the 
 proceedings should be void, as the Parnellites con- 
 tend, unless every human being is removed from the 
 premises % It is clear common-sense that the removal 
 of the responsible occupier is all that ought to be 
 required. 1 What can be more unjust than the law 
 that a landlord must account to an evicted tenant, 
 who afterwards redeems, for the profits which the latter 
 might have made during the six months of grace ? 
 It is hardly possible for a new cultivator, even if one 
 can be found for such a period, to get any profit in 
 six months, even supposing that he enters on the 
 very first day. 
 
 122. In regard to trespass, the law of Ireland is one 
 of the grossest embodiments of unreason that any part 
 of the world can exhibit. The constabulary cannot 
 expel a trespasser or help anybody else to do so. 
 Hence the necessity for section / in the proposed 
 Act for the better government of all Ireland. The 
 
 1 There is some uncertainty as to what is really required.
 
 AIDS AND PRECAUTIONS. 11 
 
 o 
 
 Government of Ulster may be expected to go a good 
 deal beyond that slight instalment of reform. One of 
 the first conditions of a sound system of criminal 
 jurisprudence is, that it should in everything seek to 
 tie the hand of the rough, and give more power to the 
 elbow of the decent citizen. All legal proceedings 
 are evils, though some are necessary evils ; and the 
 best laws are those which lessen the need of such 
 proceedings as far as possible, by enabling the good 
 citizen to protect his own rights without the trouble 
 and expense of going to court. Any owner, or other 
 person lawfully entitled to occupy any premises, ought 
 to have the power of expelling a contumacious tres- 
 passer without being harassed by nice distinctions as 
 to necessary or unnecessary force. A man who goes or 
 stays where he knows he has no right to be, ought to be 
 regarded as voluntarily incurring anything that happens 
 to him after due warning, and is equitably entitled to 
 no redress whatever ; he ought, in fact, to be an outlaw 
 during the continuance of his trespass. On the other 
 hand, it must be distinctly laid down that the tres- 
 passer has no right of self-defence against his ejector, 
 unless it is impossible for him to run away ; and that 
 no public servant in uniform, or person known to 
 be a sheriff, magistrate, or other public officer can, 
 when acting under colour of his office, be treated as 
 a criminal trespasser. Disaffected persons have con- 
 trived to make a malicious use even of the existino- 
 law against trespass. Trespass, in order to insult, 
 intimidate, or commit theft or mischief, must be made 
 punishable with a long term of imprisonment with 
 
 H
 
 114 THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 hard labour. Every immigrant farmer ought to be 
 invested with the powers of a constable on his own 
 premises, and furnished with a short handbook of his 
 powers and duties, prepared under the authority of 
 the Privy Council. This will enable the new settlers 
 to protect themselves, and save much expense for 
 additional constabulary. It will then be possible to 
 say in sober earnest, not as now in cruel irony, that 
 an honest man's house is his castle. 
 
 123. Public insult must be made an offence punish- 
 able not less severely than the violent acts which are 
 often only its natural, if not necessary, consequence. 
 It is the most fruitful source of riots and affrays. If 
 we check it, we stop disorder at its fountain. A 
 word is often worse than a blow. " Hard words 
 break no bones," it is said. No ; but they do far 
 worse, — they cut hearts and poison blood. 
 
 124. Besides an amendment of the law of trespass, 
 a further removal of legal restrictions on the natural 
 right of self-defence is required for the protection of 
 soldiers and constables in the streets, and of house- 
 holders attacked by mobs. Whenever an accused 
 person raises a plea of self-defence on reasonable 
 grounds, he ought to be released on his own recog- 
 nisance, and not to be liable to arrest until after 
 conviction, unless he absconds. Farmers ought to be 
 free to use their guns in defence of their crops, cattle, 
 and buildings. It must be made clear that a shot 
 is always a lawful answer to a stone endangering the 
 shooter, or his household, or any person whom he is 
 protecting, even if he fire without or against the
 
 AIDS AND PRECAUTIONS. 115 
 
 orders of his superior officer. Discipline can be main- 
 tained by official punishment, without the aid of the 
 ordinary criminal law. The law of the land sins 
 grossly in interfering with an honest man's natural 
 right to defend himself in the only effectual way 
 against pain and death and mutilation. Stoning 
 the police is now a very safe amusement for English 
 and Irish roughs. Certainty of getting a shot in 
 return will soon make an end of it ; and nothing less 
 will have the desired effect. Severity at the begin- 
 ning is the only true mercy in the end. " They may 
 talk of punishment as cruel," said the greatest man 
 ever born in Ireland, " but there is nothing so inhuman 
 as impunity." l No one in his senses will defy a severe 
 law administered by men whom he knows to be in- 
 flexible. And if the Irish are foolish enough to doubt 
 the inflexibility of the Orange Government, one lesson 
 will be enough. Surely it is better, for the greatest 
 happiness of the greatest number, that one turbulent 
 citizen should forfeit his worthless life, than that a 
 dozen policemen should be mangled and tortured in 
 the discharge of their duty, as happens every year 
 under the present system of impotent imbecility. Of 
 course, firearms must be kept out of untrustworthy 
 hands by a strict law of gun-licences. 
 
 125. It remains only to provide against the danger 
 of division amonp; the Protestants. Mr Gladstone and 
 
 O 
 
 his disciples will try hard to stir up Scotch against 
 English, and labourers against farmers. The more 
 their numbers increase — the greater the success of the 
 
 1 Stanhope's Conversations with the Duke of Wellington, p. 251.
 
 116 THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 Plantation — the greater will this danger become ; for 
 there will be less of the counteracting danger, less 
 pressure from the Irish enemy, to keep them together. 
 There is only one sure preventive — a resource that is, I 
 fear, distasteful, even repulsive, to the fastidious Anglo- 
 Catholic, and to the cosmopolitan philosophic Liberal, 
 anxious, above all things, to avoid the appearance of 
 religious intolerance. The rough Orange Society saved 
 Ireland once, in the end of the eighteenth century, 
 and it must be called in to secure her safety in the 
 end of the nineteenth. Let Lord Salisbury listen to 
 the confession of Archbishop Trench, and be wise in 
 time. " I hate the Orangemen, . . . but I see in 
 them the last hope of Ireland." 1 Let the preacher 
 of cool, not to say cold, universal charity study the 
 organisation of the unpolished Protestants whose 
 " illiberal fanaticism " he despises. He will find, like 
 Mr S. C. Hall, 2 that " in principle the Orange Society 
 cannot be described as even uncharitable." Doubtless 
 it has been unjustly violent in practice, but I do 
 not ask you to encourage such practice. What I pro- 
 pose is that the living force of this great organism 
 should be used to bring rich and poor together — not 
 only as at present by the pressure of a common danger 
 and attraction of a common antipathy, but by a common 
 sympathy in social intercourse and in pursuit of posi- 
 tive social benefits ; in short, to develop it into a vast 
 friendly (and festive) society, divesting it of the secrecy 
 which does no good, and keeps away many good 
 people who have peculiar scruples of religion. It is 
 
 1 Life, vol. i. p. 97. 2 Ireland, vol. ii. p. 463.
 
 AIDS AND PRECAUTIONS. 117 
 
 essential to the greatest usefulness of the Society, that 
 it should have the hearty support of the gentry and 
 the Presbyterian ministers. It might then take firm 
 root in Scotland. 
 
 126. It is also desirable, if not essential, that the 
 Society should be able to go beyond business princi- 
 ples, and show special liberality to its poorer members, 
 more especially to those suffering injury from Roman 
 Catholics. To do this, it must get a good deal more 
 than the regular insurance rates from its wealthier mem- 
 bers ; it ought, indeed, to have a large special capital 
 for extra-commercial purposes. The rich men of Ire- 
 land could do nothing better with their money than 
 subscribe a million sterling as a beginning. There 
 are one or two who could give the whole amount 
 without feeling the loss. Is no one ambitious of rais- 
 ing an imperishable monument to himself in the 
 hearts of his grateful fellow-countrymen ?
 
 118 
 
 VII. 
 GENERAL VINDICATION. 
 
 127. These last proposals will have brought to a 
 head the objection which must have been simmering 
 in the minds of many readers through the whole 
 course of policy which I have been expounding. 
 Here, at the end, is the place for statement and 
 refutation. It will be said in effect by the objectors 
 that this is a policy founded on religious animosity 
 and intolerance, and therefore both immoral and 
 impolitic. 
 
 128. As to the morality. I must first reply that real 
 religious intolerance, even when unjust, is an infinitely 
 more respectable motive than the class-hatred which 
 is now the greatest sentimental force in the political 
 life of your century. It must be to some extent 
 reverent and disinterested, looking above and beyond 
 the creature whom it moves. Whenever, therefore, 
 it displaces or counterbalances the lower antipathy, 
 there is a distinct rise in the moral level of the 
 nation. But religious antipathy is by no means 
 always a wrong feeling. Hatred of evil is the neces-
 
 GENERAL VINDICATION. 119 
 
 sary complement of love of right ; and no intel- 
 ligent Protestant can doubt that the Roman Church 
 is on the whole an element of evil in an enlightened 
 nation like the British, if not in the world at large. 
 Here it undoubtedly does more harm than good. It 
 is the immutable enemy of intellectual and moral 
 progress beyond its own low standard. Eome is 
 the mortal foe of England at this very moment, 
 not less than in the days of the grand Armada 
 and the glorious Revolution. As Mr Froude has 
 told us more than once, the wolf has not lost his 
 teeth, nor the will to use them, though in modern 
 times it often suits him to whine through sheep's 
 clothing. 
 
 129. " Hate the sin, but not the sinner," you will 
 say. Well, I do not ask you to harm any individual 
 Roman Catholic, nor even to harbour any angry feel- 
 ing against him, merely on account of his faith. I 
 simply urge you, in national self-defence, to remove 
 from your very midst a host of deadly enemies, whom 
 you may best identify by their being Roman Catholics, 
 who include in practice nearly all the Roman Catho- 
 lics of the lower and middle classes in Ireland, and 
 who will remain your implacable enemies so long as 
 they remain Roman Catholics, and you remain honour- 
 able men. Without saying that their religion is a 
 cause of Ireland's disease, we may certainly say that 
 it prevents the cure. And it is a handy shibboleth, by 
 which in practice you may distinguish those who, for 
 other reasons also, are your real and necessary enemies. 
 There are doubtless thousands of Roman Catholics in
 
 120 THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 Ireland who would be loyal and honest, if they dared 
 to stand out against their priests and their neighbours. 
 But as they do not dare to act upon their feelings, it 
 is not practicable to draw any distinction between 
 them and the leaders whom they reluctantly follow. 
 He that is not with you is against you in a mortal 
 struggle like this. 
 
 130. Nothing that I have proposed will cause 
 any pecuniary loss, or real injustice of any kind, to 
 any Koman Catholic. And on the other hand, re- 
 moving him to America will not only improve his 
 worldly prospects, if he is honest and industrious, but 
 will do him a great moral service, by placing him in 
 a new moral atmosphere, to make a new start under 
 a Government whose faults are indeed many and 
 great, but whose written constitution enforces the 
 freedom and sacredness of contract. Moreover, if he 
 goes to America, there is some hope that he or his 
 children will become Protestant. In the rural parts 
 generally most of his neighbours will be Protestant, 
 and the only schools within reach will be free from 
 priestly influence. There can be no such hope if he 
 remains in Ireland. The Irish ought to be dispersed 
 like the Jews, for their own good, as well as for the 
 good of their present country and the sister-kingdoms. 
 Their existence as an organised nation would indeed 
 be an unmixed evil to the whole of Christendom. 
 
 131. As to policy. In the first place, as you have 
 all written in your copy-books, " Honesty is the best 
 policy." No policy will ever succeed that is based 
 on shutting your eyes and ears to the main facts of
 
 GENERAL VINDICATION. 121 
 
 the situation. It is a great glaring fact that the 
 Irish Roman Catholics are the implacable enemies of 
 all that is o-ood and o-reat in England and Scotland. 
 It is another such fact that they are highly danger- 
 ous enemies, through their alliance with the great 
 mass of folly and ignorance, envy and malice, in 
 Great Britain itself. You have yet three years for 
 raisins; bulwarks against the destruction of all that 
 makes England worth living in and worth fighting 
 for. If you do not make an effective use of them, 
 you will deserve the punishment which all mankind 
 must suffer. 
 
 1 32. Secondly, Boldness is the best policy. As 
 my old friend Sir Francis Bacon l told you long 
 ago, " Boldness hath done wonders in popular States." 
 Many Conservative statesmen are still under the 
 dominion of fixed ideas, engendered in the days of 
 the old narrow electoral system, when individual 
 votes were almost everywhere worthy of special 
 consideration. They still construct flabby election 
 addresses and negative political manifestoes, with a 
 miserable anxiety to avoid displeasing anybody, which 
 of necessity ends in really pleasing nobody. Not so 
 is enthusiasm roused, and without enthusiasm the 
 Union party cannot now hope to carry a general 
 election. The Destructives have the immense advan- 
 tage of being able to rouse all the baser passions by 
 promises of wholesale plunder to the covetous, and 
 gratification of jealousy to the malicious. Mr Frederic 
 Harrison, 2 who ought to know, tells us that the new 
 
 1 Essays, xii. 2 Nineteenth Century, May 1889, p. 755.
 
 122 THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 electors are guided not so much by reason as by 
 feeling. Great masses of men can be moved to vigor- 
 ous action on the side of right and duty only by a 
 clear, simple, positive, aggressive policy, appealing to 
 some deep - seated general sentiment. The Union 
 party must appeal to the hereditary Protestant 
 instincts of the British nation. That is the only 
 way to gain Scotland : it is, indeed, the only way 
 to keep England. Remember how much of the Con- 
 servative predominance in Lancashire, and how much 
 of the greater strength of Union sentiment in the 
 West of Scotland as compared with the East, are due 
 to Protestant disgust at the hordes of Irish Roman 
 Catholics who infest those parts of the great Pro- 
 testant island. 
 
 133. "But it will alienate our Roman Catholic 
 supporters, and prevent us from conciliating others." 
 No ; in practice it will not make the slightest differ- 
 ence. The only Roman Catholics, whom you can con- 
 ciliate, will never need to be conciliated. The land- 
 owners, and those who associate with them, support 
 the Union because it saves themselves or their friends 
 from ruin ; and they would do so, even if the Prime 
 Minister were the Orange Grand Master or Mr John- 
 ston of Ballykilbeg. The other Irish Roman Catholics, 
 you know, cannot be " conciliated," except by licence 
 to plunder your friends ; while the few English Roman 
 Catholics will generally sympathise with the Irish of 
 the same classes. Having no personal interest in the 
 matter, they will be led by their priests ; and their 
 priests, often Irish by birth, are nearly always Irish
 
 GENERAL VINDICATION. 123 
 
 by sympathy. There is only one doubtful English 
 constituency where English Eoman Catholics are per- 
 haps strong enough to affect the balance of power — 
 that is the Lancaster Division ; and the recent elec- 
 tions there are highly instructive. In 1885, when 
 Mr Parnell and the priests urged them to vote 
 against the Liberal Government, a Conservative was 
 returned by a majority of 857 ; in 1886, when he 
 lost their support, a Gladstonian displaced him by 
 a majority of 195. The Irish alone could not 
 have caused this reverse. For the district is mainly 
 agricultural. 
 
 134. The Pope is not worth conciliating. He cannot 
 do any good, and he is too good a man to do any 
 harm. I desire to speak with all respect of Leo XIII. 
 He is one of the few to whom the title of Holiness may 
 be applied without provoking a smile or a frown ; but 
 he is not the Papacy. He has done his best, and his 
 best is nothing ; he has thundered, and his bolt is 
 a hrutum fulraen. The " most Catholic nation of 
 Europe ; treats the Holy Father with undisguised 
 contempt, when he preaches a righteousness which 
 does not suit the passions and the pockets of the 
 majority. Only three bishops out of twenty-eight 
 even ordered the Rescript to be read in their churches ; 
 and only Bishop O'Dwyer of Limerick has taken any 
 step to enforce obedience. Elsewhere nothing has 
 been done to punish contumacious priests ; and Rome 
 will do nothing to punish the contumacious prelates. 
 The Pope cannot even prevent the firebrand of Gwee- 
 dore from disturbing the parish of his peaceful neigh-
 
 124 THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 bour. His arm is held in an uDseen grip. Behind him 
 lurks the real master of the Church's policy, the 
 General of the Jesuits. 
 
 135. The sinister society, which nearly all civilised 
 Governments have at some time had to expel from 
 their dominions, and which even the Pope once felt 
 bound to suppress, does not object to a decent show 
 of regard for truth and justice, honesty and Christian 
 charity. But it will not let the Pope go beyond 
 a show. It will never allow such paltry things to 
 interfere with its own power, or the material grandeur 
 of the ancient hierarchy whose framework it animates 
 and controls. Ireland is the one country of Europe 
 where the priest is pampered and popular. Can any 
 one seriously suppose that Eome will do anything to 
 disgust and estrange the people of a country where 
 a parish priest can, like Father MacGarvey 1 of Millford 
 (in Donegal), save £23,000 out of the fees of his 
 flock ? You may be quite sure that the thinly dis- 
 guised Episcopal author of " The Papacy — a Revela- 
 tion and a Prophecy/' 2 did not prophesy without 
 knowing, when he told us that the Rescript would 
 remain a dead letter. He gives one reason of much 
 weight — viz., that the Irish are the indispensable mis- 
 sionaries of the Church in English-speaking countries. 
 But there is one still weightier, about which he is 
 discreetly silent. The Irish on both sides of the 
 Atlantic are the great paymasters of the Roman 
 Church. Their own priests are their obedient, if not 
 outwardly humble servants — equally ready to lead or 
 
 1 Hurlbert, p. 398. 2 Contemporary Review, August 1889.
 
 GENERAL VINDICATION. 125 
 
 to follow the multitude to do evil ; " retained to give 
 the sanction of religion to the conduct, whatever it 
 be, which the majority chooses." * The Vatican can- 
 not afford to quarrel with the Irish. Without their 
 support it would soon be bankrupt. 
 
 136. My Lords of Salisbury and Hartington, 
 listen, I beseech you ! To know and to measure 
 rightly the living human forces which may be turned 
 into useful channels — is not this the first and greatest 
 canon of the art of statesmanship ? The Orange feel- 
 ing of Ulster is a great force, a force which makes 
 up by intensity and persistence for the limitation of 
 its area. It is your Old Guard, that will die but never 
 surrender. The Protestant feeling of England and 
 Scotland is wider and stiller, but it also is deep, and 
 when fairly set in motion its momentum will be over- 
 whelming. The English Eoman Catholics are not a 
 force of appreciable magnitude, and if you can gain 
 their support by any means, it must be by means 
 which will disgust a hundred times their number of 
 Scotch and English Protestants. You can do it only 
 by winning over the priesthood of the United King- 
 dom, through official favour and lavish expenditure in 
 Ireland. The offer of a university is simply ludicrous. 
 Will the taxpayers allow you to give £500 a-year to 
 every Irish parish priest, and £5000 a-year to every 
 Irish bishop 1 You could not really " conciliate " 
 them by any smaller provision. And if you did 
 succeed in buying them, you would find that you had 
 not bought a single Irish seat in the House of 
 
 1 Whately's Life, p. 333.
 
 126 THE RADICAL CURE FOR IRELAND. 
 
 Commons. As Sir Henry Blake 1 has so well ex- 
 plained, the Irish priest leads the politics of his flock 
 only as a horse leads the cart in which it is driven. 
 
 137. Give up this paltry angling for fractional 
 votes, and trust yourselves to the mighty current of 
 Protestant enthusiasm ! You can afford to despise 
 cant about bigotry. Your quarrel is not with the 
 good Pope, but with priests like MacFadden, with 
 prelates like Archbishops Croke and Walsh, and with 
 the anti-Christian Society which now curries favour 
 with tyrant rowdies, as of old with tyrant kings and 
 tyrant nobles. What have you gained by your not- 
 able device of choosing a perfectly untried Home 
 Secretary, simply because he was a Roman Catholic ? 
 His accession to the Cabinet has been at times em- 
 barrassing to his colleagues, and detrimental to the 
 party. Translate Jonah to a serener sphere, if you 
 wish in earnest to prevent the arch - enemy from 
 fulfilling the worst of Lord Palmerston's prophetic 
 alternatives. 
 
 
 1 s 
 
 See the sketch of Father Morrissey in ' Pictures from Ireland,' by- 
 
 Terence Magrath.
 
 127 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 SCHEDULE I. 
 THE GRAND DUCHY OF ULSTER. 
 
 (a) The entire counties of Antrim (including Carrick- 
 fergus), Armagh, Down, Londonderry, Louth (including 
 Drogheda), Monaghan, and Tyrone. 
 
 (6) The county of Donegal, excluding the town of Bun- 
 doran and the five townlands of Ardfarn, Drumacrin, Ma- 
 gheracar, Eathglass, and Eathmore, in the parish of Innis- 
 macsaint. 
 
 (c) The county of Fermanagh ; except the three townlands 
 of Agho, Boss, and Tullygerravra, in the parish of Boho ; the 
 eighteen townlands of Aghamuldowney, Barr of Drumgormly, 
 Ban of Slattinagh, Carran West, Cashelnadrea, Dog Big, Dog- 
 Little, Frevagh, Garrison, Gorteen, Knocknashangan, Scrib- 
 bagh, Slattinagh, Slisgarran, Stranacally, Tower Beg, Tower 
 More, and Tullysranageega, in the parish of Devenish ; and 
 the fifteen townlands of Cornadarum, Corramore, Drumnas- 
 reane, Garvros, Glen East, Glen West, Killymore, Knockare- 
 van, Leglehid, Meencloyabane, Muckenagh, Muggalnagrow, 
 Slisgarran, Tullyloughdaugh, and Tullymore, with the islands 
 in Lough Melvin, all in the parish of Innismacsaint, 
 
 (d) In the county of Cavan, the entire parishes of Anna- 
 gelliff, Annagh, Bailieborough, Castleterra, Drumlane, Drung
 
 128 APPENDIX. 
 
 Enniskeen, Kildallan, Kildrumsherdan, Killashandra, Kil- 
 more, Knockbride, Larali, Moybolgue, Shercock, Tomregan, 
 and Urney ; also the parish of Killinkere, except the two 
 townlands of Drumfomina and Drummallaght ; the parish 
 of Kinawley, except the four townlands of Dunmakeever, 
 Eshveagh, Tonanilt, and Tullycrafton ; also in the parish of 
 Ballintemple, the two townlands of Coolnacarrick and Bab- 
 rackan ; in the parish of Crosserlough, the five townlands of 
 Aghaconny, Cashel, Gortachurk, Kilrnainham, and Mullagh- 
 keel ; in the parish of Denn the seventeen townlands of 
 Acres, Aghaclreenagh, Ardlougher, Ardvarny, Banagher, 
 Cornamahon, Cornaseer, Corrakane, Corraweelis, Crumlin, 
 Drumavadcly, Drumcrow, Gallon Glebe, Killycannon, Kilna- 
 creevy, Pollakeel, and Shannon ; in the parish of Lavey, the 
 twenty townlands of Aghaclreenagh, Beaghy, Cargagh, Cor- 
 ragho, Corrawillin, Cuttragh, Derryglen, Drurngora, Drum- 
 hillagh, Drumhirk, Feaugh, Gortnakillen, Grellagh, Killy- 
 connan, Kilnavar, Knockanoark, Lateevy, Lavey, Leiter, and 
 Mullymagowan ; in the parish of Mullagh, the thirteen town- 
 lands of Annagarnet, Ardlow, Crossbane, Crosscarn, Cross- 
 reagh, Doon, Enagh, Greaghclogh, Greaghnadarragh, Lena- 
 navra, Lisnabantry, Lisnahederna, and Seeharan ; in the 
 parish of Templeport, the nine townlands of Bofealan, Burren, 
 Coologe, Crossmakelagher, Drumane, Killynaff, Lecharrow- 
 nahone, Toberlyan, Duffin, and Tonyrevan. 
 
 (e) In the county of Dublin, the baronies of Balrothery 
 East and West, Nethercross and Castleknock ; the barony of 
 Coolock, except the town of Drumcondra, Clonliffe and Glas- 
 nevin ; the barony of Dublin, except the parish of St Mark, 
 and so much of the parish of Donny brook as is included in 
 the Dublin Harbour Parliamentary Division ; in the barony 
 of Eathdown, the parishes of Booterstown, Dalkey, Donny- 
 brook, Kilmacud, Monkstown, and Stillorgan ; with the town 
 of Kingstown and the townlands of Galloping Green North, 
 and Newtonpark in the parish of Kill, the town of Bath- 
 mines and Bathgar in the parish of Bathfarnham, and the 
 town of Clonskeagh and six townlands of Friarland, Mount
 
 THE GRAND DUCHY OP ULSTER. 129 
 
 Anville, Mount Merrion, Mount Merrion South, Roebuck, 
 
 and Trimleston in the parish of Taney ; in the barony of 
 
 Uppercross, the parishes of Donnybrook, St Catherine, St 
 
 • lames, St Jude, St Nicholas, and St Peter. 
 
 (/) In the city of Dublin, the premises of Trinity College. 
 
 (g) In the county of Leitrim, the parish of Carrigallen, 
 
 except the townlands of Gortermone and South Tully. 
 
 (h) In the county of Meath, the baronies of Duleek, Upper 
 
 and Lower, Dunboyne, Morgallion, Ratoath, Skreen, Slane, 
 
 Upper and Lower ; the barony of Upper Deece, except the 
 
 parishes of Agher and Rathcore ; in the barony of Lower 
 
 Deece, the parishes of Derrypatrick, Kiltale, and Knockmark ; 
 
 the barony of Lower Kells, except the parishes of Emlagh 
 
 and Newtown, the town and townland of Carlanstown in the 
 
 parish of Kilbeg, and the fifteen townlands of Ballintlieve, 
 
 Baltrasna, Bawn, Billywood, Curraghtown, Donore, Farrana- 
 
 doony, Glebe, Moynalty, Rathbane, Rathwire, Upper and 
 
 Lower, Rathstephen, Shancarnan, and Walterstown, in the 
 
 parish of Moynalty ; in the barony of Lower Navan, the 
 
 parish of Dunmoe, and the parish of Donaghmore, except 
 
 the town of Navan, and the three townlands of Nevinstown, 
 
 Rathaldron, and Windtown. 
 
 Total area, 8973 square miles. 
 Total population in 1881 — 
 Present Province, . . 1,743,075 Protestants, Jews, &c, 909,509 
 
 Deduct — 
 In Cavan . . 4«,422 4,469 
 
 In Donegal . 1,761 222 
 
 In Fermanagh . 2,75( I 550 
 
 
 UiiyJUU 
 
 
 
 1,690,142 
 
 
 Add- 
 
 
 
 In Dublin 
 
 . 126,264 (approximate) 
 
 41,517 
 
 In Leitrim 
 
 3,904 
 
 1,252 
 
 In Louth . 
 
 . 77,684 
 
 6,505 
 
 In Meath . 
 
 40,017 
 
 247,869 
 
 2,069 
 
 5,241 
 
 904,268 
 
 51,343 
 
 1,938,011 (R. C. 982,400) 955,611 
 
 Roman Catholic majority, ^0,7*9 [excluding Trinity College.] 
 
 I
 
 130 APPENDIX. 
 
 SCHEDULE II. 
 
 NEW BAKONIES. 
 
 TJie Arabic figures in dark type, indicate the general number. 
 
 I. — Antrim. 
 
 1. 1. Gary. — The parishes of Armoy, Ballintoy, Culf- 
 eightrin, Grange of Drumtullagh, Bamoan, Bathlin. Pop- 
 ulation 11,993, of whom 6824 are Protestants. 
 
 2. 2. Lower Dunluce. — The parishes of Ballyrashane, 
 Ballywillin, Billy, Derrykeighan, and Dunluce. Population, 
 11,684; Protestants, 11,017. 
 
 3. 3. Upper Dunluce. — The parishes of Ballymoney, Kil- 
 dollagh, and Kilraghts. Population, 10,548 ; Protestants, 
 8977. 
 
 4. 4. Kilconway. — The parishes of Finvoy and Basharkin, 
 except the three townlands of Dromore, Dunminning, and 
 Killy cowan, in the latter. Population, 10,172 ; Protestants, 
 6850. 
 
 5. 5. Route. — The parishes of Dunaghy, Grange of 
 Dundermot, Killagan, Loughguile, and Newtown Crom- 
 melin. Population, 10,960 ; Protestants, 6926. 
 
 6. 6. Glenarm. — The parishes of Ardclinis, the present 
 barony of Lower Glenarm, the parishes of Carncastle, Grange 
 of Innispollan, Grange of Laycl, Layd. and Tickmacrevan, 
 with the three townlands of Capanagh, Mullaghsandal, and 
 Skeagh in the parish of Kilwaughter. Population, 10,696 ; 
 Protestants, 4200. 
 
 7. 7. Brovghshane. — The parishes of Eacavan and Skerry, 
 except the townland of Lower Broughshane in the former. 
 Population, 9091 ; Protestants, 7471. 
 
 8. 8. Ballymena. — The town of Ballymena; the three 
 townlands of Ballyloughan, Brocklamont, and Carniny, in 
 the parish of Ahoghill ; the three townlands of Bottom,
 
 NEW BARONIES. 131 
 
 Dunclug, and Town Parks, in the parish of Kirkinriola ; the 
 townland of Ballykeel, in the parish of Ballyclug ; and the 
 townland of Lower Bronghshane, in the parish of Eaeavan. 
 Population, 10,620 ; Protestants, 8520. 
 
 9. 9. Upper Glandeboye. — The parish of Craigs, except 
 the townlands of Ballyconnelly and Fenaghy ; the parish 
 of Kirkinriola, except the town of Ballymena, and the three 
 townlands of Bottom, Dunclug, and Town Parks ; the town- 
 lands of Cardonaghy and Leymore, in the parish of Ahoghill ; 
 and the townlands of Dromore. Dunrninniiur nnrl Tvillvpnwon 
 
 ERRATA IN SCHEDULE II. 
 
 For "No. 15," read "No. 19." 
 „ "No. 16," m "No. 20." 
 „ "No. 17," m "No. 21." 
 
 For "No. 18," read "No. 15." 
 „ "No. 19," h "No. 18." 
 „ "No. 20," ii "No. 17." 
 
 For "No. 21," read "No. 16." 
 
 12. 12. Toomc. — The parishes of Ballyscullion, Grange of 
 Ballyscullion, and Portglenone; the nine townlands of the 
 parish of Duneane named as excluded from Lower CTande- 
 Loye. Population, 10,478 ; Protestant, 6824. 
 
 13. 13. Connor. — The parish of Ballyclug, except the 
 town of Ballymena, and the townland of Ballykeel; the 
 parish of Connor, except the townlands of Scolboa, Slaght, 
 Tardree, and Tullaghgarley ; the townlands of Ballynulto, 
 Clatteryknowes, Crosshill, Glenwhirry, Greenhill, Kernyhill, 
 and Kinnegalli;igh, in the parish of Glenwhirry. Population, 
 8996 ; Protestants, 8182.
 
 130 APPENDIX. 
 
 SCHEDULE II. 
 
 NEW BAEONIES. 
 
 The Arabic figures in dark type indicate the general number. 
 
 I. — Antrim. 
 1 l Hnrn — The mrishes of Armoy, Ballintoy, Culf- 
 
 barony of Lower Glenarm, the parishes of Camcastle, Grange 
 of Innispollan, Grange of Layd, Layd. and Tickmacrevan, 
 with the three townlands of Capanagh, Mullaghsandal, and 
 Skeagh in the parish of Kilwaughter. Population, 10,696 ; 
 Protestants, 4200. 
 
 7. 7. Brouglishanc. — The parishes of Eacavan and Skerry, 
 except the townland of Lower Broughshane in the former. 
 Population, 9091 ; Protestants, 7471. 
 
 8. 8. Ballymena.— The town of Ballymena ; the three 
 townlands of Ballyloughan, Brocklamont, and Carniny, in 
 the parish of Ahoghill ; the three townlands of Bottom,
 
 NEW BARONIES. 131 
 
 Dunclug, and Town Parks, in the parish of Kirkinriola ; the 
 townland of Ballykeel, in the parish of Ballyclug ; and the 
 bownland of Lower Broughshane, in the parish of Eacavan. 
 Population, 10,620 ; Protestants, 8520. 
 
 9. 9. Upper Clanddtoi/c. — The parish of Craigs, except 
 the townlands of Ballyconnelly and Fenaghy ; the parish 
 of Kirkinriola, except the town of Ballymena, and the three 
 townlands of Bottom, Dunclug, and Town Parks ; the town- 
 lands of Cardonaghy and Leymore, in the parish of Ahoghill ; 
 and the townlands of Dromore, Dunminning, and Killycowan, 
 in the parish of Rasharkin. Population, 10,075 ; Protestants, 
 9093. 
 
 10. 10. Middle Clandeloye. — The parish of Ahoghill, 
 except the town of Ballymena, and the five townlands of 
 Ballyloughan, Brocklamont, Cardonaghy, Carniny, and Ley- 
 more; the townlands of Slaght and Tullaghgarley, in the 
 parish of Connor ; the townlands of Ballyconnelly and 
 Fenaghy, in the parish of Craigs ; and the three townlands 
 of Ballymacilroy, Cloghogue, and Downkillybegs, in the 
 parish of Drummaul. Population, 8646 ; Protestants, 7731. 
 
 11. 11. Lower CUtndeboye. — The parish of Cranfield ; the 
 parish of Drummaul, except the three townlands of Bally- 
 macilroy, Cloghogue, and Downkillybegs ; the parish of 
 Duneane, except the nine townlands of Brecart, Cloghogue, 
 Drumraymond, Gortgill, Killyfast, Moneyglass, Muckrim, 
 Toome, and Intake. Population, 10,255 ; Protestants, 5951. 
 
 12. 12. Toomc. — The parishes of Ballyscullion, Grange of 
 Ballyscullion, and Portglenone; the nine townlands of the 
 parish of Duneane named as excluded from Lower Clande- 
 boye. Population, 10,478 ; Protestant, 6824. 
 
 13. 13. Connor. — The parish of Ballyclug, except the 
 town of Ballymena, and the townland of Ballykeel ; the 
 parish of Connor, except the townlands of Scolboa, Slaght, 
 Tardree, and Tullaghgarley; the townlands of Ballynulto, 
 Clatteryknowes, Crossbill, Glenwhirry, Greenhill, Kernyhill, 
 and Kinnegalliaghj in the parish of Glenwhirry. Population, 
 8996; Protestants, 8182.
 
 132 APPENDIX. 
 
 14. 14. Antrim: — The parishes of Antrim, Donegore, 
 Grange of Mllteen, Grange of Shilvodan, and Kilbride ; the 
 townlands of Scolboa, and Tardree, in the parish of Connor. 
 Population, 8729 ; Protestants, 7658. 
 
 15. 15. Lower Massereene. — The present barony of Lower 
 Massereene, and the parishes of Templepatrick and Bally- 
 martin. Population, 8940 ; Protestant, 8099. 
 
 16. 16. Upper Massereene. — The parishes of Aghagallon, 
 Aghalee, Ballinderry, Camlin, Glenavy, and Tullyrusk. Pop- 
 ulation, 10,573 ; Protestants, 6686. 
 
 17. 17. Killultagh. — The parishes of Blaris (outside 
 Lisburn), Derryaghy, Lambeg (outside Lisburn), Magheragall, 
 and Magheramesk. Population, 11,145 ; Protestants, 9239. 
 
 18. 18. Moylinny. — The parishes of Ballycor, Ballynure, 
 Grange of Doagh, and Eashee ; the six townlands of Brae- 
 town, Douglas, Glenhead, Jockey's Quarter, Mistyburn, and 
 Skerry whirry, in the parish of Glen whirry ; and the seven 
 townlands of Ballycalket, Ballygallagh, Ballyhowne, Bally- 
 linny, Ballywalter, Bruslee, and Lisnalinchy, in the parish 
 of Ballylinny. Population, 9479 ; Protestants, 9119. 
 
 19. 19. Carnmoney. — The parish of Carnmoney, the town 
 of Mossbeg, and the four townlands of Ballyearl, Carntall, 
 Kingsbog, and Straidnahanna, in the parish of Ballylinny ; 
 and the three townlands of Ballybought, Ballyvaston, and 
 Ballywonard, in the parish of Shankill. Population, 9236 ; 
 Protestants, 7641. 
 
 20. 20. Carrickfcrgus. — The parishes of Carrickfergus, 
 Kilroot, and Templecorran. Population, 11,770; Protes- 
 tants, 10,504. 
 
 21. 21. Lame. — The parishes of Glynn, Grange of Killy- 
 glen, Inver, Island, Magee, Larne, and Raloo ; also the parish 
 of Kilwaughter, except the three townlands of Capanagh, 
 Mullaghsandal, and Skeagh. Population, 13,682 ; Protes- 
 tants, 11,865. 
 
 (721 ought to be deducted in each case as passengers on 
 an American ship in the harbour.)
 
 NEW BARONIES. 133 
 
 II. — County of Belfast (also No. 105). 
 
 22. 1. Ligoniel. — The parish of Drumbeg (in the present 
 county of Antrim), and the parish of Shankill, excluding the 
 municipal borough of Belfast and the three townlands of 
 liallybought, Ballyvaston, and Ballywonard. Population, 
 11,661 ; Protestants, 9304. 
 
 23. 2. Holywood. — The parish of Holywood, except the 
 six townlands of Ballycultra, Ballydavey, Ballygrainey, 
 Bally menagh, Ballyrobert, and Craigavad ; also the parish of 
 Knockbreda, excluding the municipal borough of Belfast and 
 the four townlands of Ballydollaghan, Gilnahirk, Gortgrib, 
 and Tullyearnet. Population, 10,712; Protestants, 9631. 
 
 III. — County Down. 
 
 24. 1. Bangor. — The parish of Bangor ; the six townlands 
 of Ballycultra, Ballydavey, Ballygrainey, Ballymenagh, Bally- 
 robert, and Craigavad, in the the parish of Holywood ; and 
 the townlands of Ballymoney and Craigogantlet, in the parish 
 of Newtownards. Population, 8614 ; Protestants, 8134. 
 
 25. 2. Lower Arch. — The parishes of Ballywalter, Don- 
 aghadee, and Grey Abbey ; and the seven townlands of Bally- 
 black, Ballyhaft, Bally watticock, Crossnamuckley, Cunning- 
 burn, Drumawhy, and Loughriscouse, in the parish of New- 
 townards. Population, 10,217 ; Protestants, 9960. 
 
 26. 3. Newtownards. — The parish of Newtownards, ex- 
 cept the townlands included in the baronies of Bangor and 
 Lower Ards. Population, 10,688 ; Protestant, 9792. 
 
 27. 4. Lower Castlereagli. — The parishes of Dundonald, 
 Kilmood, and Tullynakill ; the parish of Comber, except the 
 five townlands of Ballygowan, Clontonakelly, Edenslate, 
 M'liilough, and Tullygarvan ; and the three townlands of 
 Gilnahirk, Gortnagrib, and Tullycarnet, in the parish of 
 Knockbreda. Population, 9611 ; Protestants, 9322. 
 
 28. 5. Upper Castlereagh. — The parishes of Drumbo and 
 KiUanney; the parish of Saintfield, except the townland of 
 Lisowen ; the five townlands of Comber not included in the
 
 134 APPENDIX. 
 
 barony of Lower Castlereagh ; the seven townlands of Augh- 
 nadarragh, Ballycloghan, Ballygowan, Barnamaghery, Carrick- 
 mannan, Drumreagh, and Eavara, in the parish of Killinchy ; 
 the townland of Ballydollaghan, in the parish of Knock- 
 breda ; and the three townlands of Creevytenant, Glasdrum- 
 man, and Magheraknock, in the parish of Magheradrool. 
 Population, 11,203 ; Protestants, 10,171. 
 
 29. 6. Kihvarlin. — The parishes of Blaris (outside 
 Lisburn), Drumbeg, Hillsborough, and Lambeg, in the 
 present county of Down. Population, 11,075 ; Protestants, 
 10,296. 
 
 30. 7. Dromara. — The parishes of Annahilt and Drom- 
 ara; the five townlands of Ballykeel, Drumlough, Growell, 
 Kinallen, and Lappoges, in the parish of Dromore ; the 
 townlands of Ballycreen and Lower Ballykine (north half), 
 in the parish of Magheradrool ; and the townlands of Bally- 
 kine and Burren, in the parish of Magherahamlet. Popula- 
 tion, 8351 ; Protestants, 6679. 
 
 31. 8. Moira. — The parishes of Magheralin (in county 
 Down) and Moira ; the parish of Donaghcloney, except the 
 townlands of Corcreeny and Cornreany. Population, 9292 ; 
 Protestants, 7854. 
 
 32. 9. Dromore. — The parish of Dromore, except the 
 five townlands included in the barony of Dromara ; the five 
 townlands of Camew, Enagh, Fedany, Garvaghy, and Tulli- 
 nisky, in the parish of Garvaghy. Population, 10,135 ; 
 Protestants, 8752. 
 
 33. 10. Banbridge. — The parishes of Magherally and 
 Seapatrick; the townland of Lenaderg, in the parish of 
 Tullylish. Population, 11,242; Protestants, 8994. 
 
 34. 11. Lower Iveagli. — The parish of Annaclone; the 
 parish of Drumgooland, except the six townlands of Backa- 
 derry, Ballymaginahy, Ballymagreehan, Legananny, Leitrim, 
 and Magheramayo ; the parish of Garvaghy, except the five 
 townlands included in the barony of Dromore ; the six town- 
 lands of Annahunshigo, Ballybrick, Ballyroney, Lackan, Lis- 
 navahrog, and Seafin, in the parish of Drumballyroney ; and
 
 NEW BAROXIES. 135 
 
 the townland of Shanaghan, in the parish of Newry. Popu- 
 lation, 9785 ; Protestants, 5916. 
 
 35. 12. Upper Iveagh. — The parish of Clonduff; the par- 
 ish of Drumballyroney, except the six townlancls included 
 in the barony of Lower Iveagh ; the parish of Drumgath, 
 except the four townlands of Ballydoo, Ballykeel, Carnany, 
 and Drumgath. Population, 11,080 ; Protestants, 5918. 
 
 36. 13. West Iveagh. — The parishes of Aghaderg and 
 Donaghntore ; the rural part of Newry, except the eight 
 townlancls of Ballyholland, Upper and Lower, Benagh, Cro- 
 bane, Derryleckagh, Edenmore, Greenan, and Shanaghan ; the 
 five townlands of Bavan, Cabragh, Carrickcrossan, Groan, and 
 Cullion, in the parish of Clonallan ; and the four townlands 
 of Ballydoo, Ballykeel, Carnany, and Drumgath, in the par- 
 ish of Drumgath. Population, 11,603; Protestants, 6132. 
 
 37. 14. Rosstrcvor. — The parishes of Kilbroney and War- 
 renpoint ; the parish of Clonallan, except the five townlands 
 included in the barony of West Iveagh ; the seven townlands 
 of Ballyholland, Upper and Lower, Benagh, Crobane, Derry- 
 leckagh, Edenmore, and Greenan, in the parish of Newry. 
 Population, 10,030; Protestants, 2871. 
 
 38. 15. Mowrne. — The present barony of Mourne. Popu- 
 lation, 11,691 ; Protestants, 5362. 
 
 39. 16. Castlewellan. — The parishes of Bally kinler, Kil- 
 coo, and Maghera ; the parish of Kilmegan, except the four 
 townlands of Ballywillwill, Clonvaraghan, Drumanaquoile, 
 and Slievenisky ; and the three townlands of Ballymaginahy, 
 Ballymagreehan, and Magheramayo, in the parish of Drum- 
 gooland. Population, 10,968 ; Protestants, 4379. 
 
 40. 17. Kinelarty. — The parish of Longhinisland ; the 
 parish of Magheradrool, except the four townlands and a 
 half included in the baronies of Dromara and Upper Castle- 
 reagh ; the parish of Magherahamlet, except the two town- 
 lands included in tlie barony of Dromara ; the four townlands 
 of Ballywillwill, Clonvaraghan, Drumanaquoile, and Slieve- 
 nisky, in the parish of Kilmegan; the three townlands of 
 Backaderry, Legananny, and Leitrim, in the parish of Drum-
 
 136 APPENDIX. 
 
 gooland ; and the townland of Magheralone, in the parish of 
 Kilmore. Population, 10,777 ; Protestants, 6282. 
 
 41. 18. Duffcrin, — The parish of Killyleagh, except the 
 townland of Mullagh ; the parish of Kilmore, except the 
 three townlands of Magheralone, Murvaclogher, and Eoss- 
 connor ; the parish of Killinchy, except the seven townlands 
 included in the barony of Upper Castlereagh ; and the town- 
 land of Lisowen, in the parish of Saintfield. Population, 
 11,478; Protestants, 9112. 
 
 42. 19. Upper Lecalc. — The parishes of Inch and Saul; 
 the parish of Down, except the six townlands of Bally- 
 donnell, Bally strew, Corbally, Grangicam, Marshallstown, 
 and Tobercorran ; the three townlands of Carrownacaw, 
 Loughmoney, and Slievenagriddle, in the parish of Bailee ; 
 the five townlands of Andleystown, Ballintlieve, Castleward, 
 liaholp, and Tullyratty, in the parish of Ballyculter ; the 
 townlands of Murvaclogher and Kossconnor, in the parish of 
 Kilmore ; and the townland of Mullagh, in the parish of 
 Killyleagh. Population, 9060 ; Protestants, 4774. 
 
 43. 20. Lower Lccale. — The parishes of Ardglass, Bright, 
 Dunsfort, Kilchief, Eathmullan, and Tyrella ; the parish of 
 Bailee, except the three townlands included in the barony of 
 Upper Lecale ; the parish of Ballyculter, except the five 
 townlands included in the said barony ; and the six town- 
 lands of Ballydonnell, Ballystrew, Corbally, Grangicam, 
 Marshallstown, and Tobercorran, in the parish of Down. 
 Population, 8149; Protestants, 2670. 
 
 44. 21. Upper Arcls. — The present barony of Upper 
 Ards, except the parish of Ballywalter. Population, 9709 ; 
 Protestants, 5447. 
 
 IY. — County Armagh. 
 
 45. 1. Clancann. — The parish of Killyman (in Armagh) ; 
 the parish of Tartaraghan, except the townlands of Derrin- 
 raw and Derrykeeran ; the five townlands of Annaghnaboe, 
 Aughamullan, Derryloughan, Derrytresk, and Drummurrer, 
 in the parish of Clonoe ; the eight townlands of Cannagola
 
 NEW BARONIES. 137 
 
 Beg, Cannagola More, Canoneill, Derrylettif, Drumlellum, 
 Roughan, Timulkenny, and Unshinagh, in the parish of 
 Drumcree ; the three townlands of Annaghmore, Ardress 
 East, and Derrycoose, in the parish of Longhgall. Popula- 
 tion, 9351 ; Protestants, 5708. 
 
 46. 2. Clanbrassil. — The parish of Montiaghs; the par- 
 ish of Drumcree, except the town of Portadown, and the 
 twenty-one townlands included in the baronies of Portadown 
 and Clancann ; and the townlands of Derrinraw and Derry- 
 keeran, in the parish of Tartaraghan. Population, 8927 ; 
 Protestants, 5145. 
 
 47. 3. Portadown. — In the parish of Drumcree, the town 
 of Portadown, and the thirteen townlands of Annagh, Asta- 
 brackagh, Bally workan, Baltylum, Clownagh, Corcrain, Drum- 
 nakelly, Drumnasoo, Garvaghy, Kilmoriarty, Maghon, Mul- 
 lantine, and Tavanagh ; in the parish of Seagoe, the town of 
 Portadown, and the townlands of Edenderry and Levaghery ; 
 in the parish of Kilmore, the townland of Ballintaggart. 
 Population, 10,628; Protestants, 8078. 
 
 48. 4. O'Neilland, East.— -The parish of Shankill (in 
 Down and Armagh), except the town of Lurgan ; the parish 
 of Magheralin (in Armagh) ; the parish of Seagoe, except 
 the town of Portadown and the townlands of Edenderry and 
 Levaghery. Population, 10,286 ; Protestants, 7815. 
 
 49. 5. Gilford.— The parish of Tullylish, except the 
 townland of Lenaderg; the townlands of Corcreeny and 
 Cornreany, in the parish of Donaghclouey. Population, 
 10,352; Protestants, 7802. 
 
 50. 6. Lower Orior. — The parish of Ballymore ; that 
 part of the parish of Kilmore which lies within the present 
 barony of Lower Orior, except the townland of Cornascreeb ; 
 that part of the parish of Loughgilly which lies within the 
 present barony of Lower Orior, except the nine townlands 
 of Corrinure, Crank ey, Drumcrow, Drummond, Keady Beg, 
 Lesh, Lisnalee, May tone, and liathcarbry ; and the townlands 
 of Cabragh and Drumart, in the parish of Mullaghbrack. 
 Population, 10,339 ; Protestants, 8136.
 
 138 APPENDIX. 
 
 51. 7. Middle Orior. — The parish of Killevy, except the 
 twenty-four townlands included in the new barony of Upper 
 Orior ; the parish of Newry, except the town of Newry, and 
 the four townlands of Upper and Lower Fathom and Upper 
 and Lower Grange ; the ten townlands of Crankey, Creggan 
 Lower, Drumharriff, Drummond, Keady Beg, Lesh, Lisadian, 
 Lisnalee, Bathcarbry, and Tullywinny in the parish of Lough- 
 gilly ; the townland of Lisnalee, in the parish of Forkhill. 
 Population, 11,G97; Protestants, 6002. 
 
 52. 8. Loiver Fcws. — The parishes of Bally my re and 
 Kilclooney ; the parish of Mullaghbrack, except the eighteen 
 townlands of Ballygroobany, Ballynewry, Cabragh, Carrow- 
 money, Corry, Drumart, Drumman, Drumnagloy, Drumorgan, 
 Hamilton's Bawn, Johnstown, Killyruddan, Macantrim, Mar- 
 lacoo Beg, Marlacoo More, Mullaghbane, Bocks, and Teemore, 
 and the town of Hamilton's Bawn ; the town of Glenanne, 
 and the fifteen townlands of Belleek, Carrickananny, Carrick- 
 gallogly, Carrowmannan, Creggan Upper, Counagh, Derlett, 
 Drumgane, Drumnahoney, Drumnahunshin, Greyhillan, Lis- 
 drumchor, Upper and Lower, Lurgyross, and Tullyah, in the 
 parish of Loughgilly. Population, 10,863 ; Protestants, 6471. 
 
 53. 9. O'Milland, West.— The parish of Kildarton ; that 
 part of the parish of Kilmore which lies in the present 
 barony of O'Neilland West, except the townland of Ballin- 
 taggart ; also the townland of Cornascreeb, in the same parish ; 
 the sixteen townlands of Ballygroobany, Ballynewry, Carrow- 
 money, Corry, Drumman, Drumnagloy, Drumorgan, Hamil- 
 ton's Bawn, Johnstown, Killyruddan, Macantrim, Marlocoo 
 Beg, Marlocoo More, Mullaghbane, Eocks, and Teemore, and 
 the town of Hamilton's Bawn, in the parish of Mullaghbrack ; 
 the townlands of Upper and Lower Grange, in the parish of 
 Newry ; and the townlands of Drumnasoo and Turcarra, in 
 the parish Loughgall. Population, 8864; Protestants, 7231. 
 
 54. 10. Charlcmont. — The parishes of Cloufeacle and 
 Grange ; the parish of Eglish, except the townlands of 
 Aughrafin and Navan ; the parish of Loughgall, except the 
 five townlands of Annaghmore, Ardress East, Derrycoose,
 
 NEW BARONIES. 139 
 
 Drumnasoo, and Turcarra ; the tpwnlands of Killimey and 
 
 Tullyworgle, in the parish of Armagh. Population, 10,434 ; 
 Protestants, 5885. 
 
 55. 11. Armagh. — The parish of Armagh, except the 
 townlands of Killimey and Tullyworgle ; the six townlands 
 of Ballyheridan, Ballynahonebeg, Cavanacaw, Farmacaffy, 
 Kennedies, and Moneypatrick, in the parish of Lisnadill ; and 
 the townland of Navan, in the parish of Eglish. Population, 
 11,817 ; Protestants, 6042. 
 
 56. 1 2. Tiranny. — The parish of Tynan ; the parish of 
 Derrynoose, except the townland of Drumherney ; the twelve 
 townlands of Aghavilly, Ballyards, Ballycoffey, Baltarran, 
 Enagh, Killynure, Lisbanoe, Lisdrumard, Lislea, Magherar- 
 ville, Moneyquin, and Tirearly, in the parish of Lisnadill ; 
 the townland of Aughrafin, in the parish of Eglish ; and 
 the townlands of Brackley and Crossnamoyle, in the parish 
 of Keady. Population, 10,242 ; Protestants, 4475. 
 
 57. 13. Keady. — The parish of Keady, except the town- 
 lands of Brackley and Crossnamoyle ; the parish of Lisnadill, 
 except the part included in the present barony of Armagh, 
 and the new baronies of Armagh and Tiranny ; the town- 
 land of Drumherney, in the parish of Derrynoose. Popula- 
 tion, 10,702 ; Protestants, 4842. 
 
 58. 14. Middle Feivs. — The parishes of Muckno and 
 Newtown-Hamilton ; the five townlands of Cullyhanna, Big 
 and Little, Drumlougher, Teer, and Teer Island, in the parish 
 of Creggan ; and the four townlands of Annahale, Concra, 
 Corragarta, and Drumcrew, in the parish of Clontibret. Pop- 
 ulation, 11,476 ; Protestants, 4826. 
 
 V. — County Tyrone. 
 
 59. 1. Lower Tirkeeran. — The parishes of Clondermot 
 (outside the city of Londonderry) and Faughanvale ; the 
 parish of Lower Cumber, except the ten townlands of Ard- 
 ground, Brackfield, Gosheden, Kildoag, Killaloo, Lackagh, 
 Legaghory, Lettcrmire, Oughtagh, and Toneduff. Population, 
 11,209; Protestants, 6664.
 
 140 APPENDIX. 
 
 60. 2. Upper Tirkecran. — The parishes of Banagher, 
 Upper Cumber, and Learmount (in Tyrone and London- 
 derry) ; the ten townlands of Ardground, Brackfield, Gosh- 
 eden, Kildoag, Killaloo, Lackagh, Legaghory, Lettermire, 
 Oughtagh, and Toneduff, in the parish of Lower Cumber; 
 the three townlands of Ballymoney, Farkland, and Muldonagh, 
 in the parish of Bovevagh ; and the townland of Ovil, in the 
 parish of Dungiven. Population, 10,812; Protestants, 4344. 
 
 61. 3. Upper Kccnaght. — The parishes of Balteagh and 
 Carrick ; the parish of Dungiven, except the townland of 
 Ovil ; and the parish of Bovevagh, except the three town- 
 lands of Ballymoney, Farkland, and Muldonagh. Population, 
 9154; Protestants, 4829. 
 
 62. 4. Lower Kecnaglit. — The parishes of Aghanloo, 
 Drumachose, Magilligan, and Tamlaght-Finlagan. Popula- 
 tion, 10,980 ; Protestants, 6929. 
 
 63. 5. Coleraine. — The present barony of the North-east 
 Liberties of Coleraine. Population, 10,233 ; Protestants, 9063. 
 
 64. 6. Creeve or Clankanc, — The parishes of Agivey, 
 Dunboe, Formoyle, Killowen, and Macosquin ; the twenty- 
 eight townlands of Ballinrees, Ballybritain, Ballycaghan, 
 Ballyclough, Ballydevitt, Ballylintagh, Ballywillin, Clarehill, 
 Clintagh, Collins, Cornamucklagh, Craiglea Glebe, Crevolea, 
 Crosscanley Glebe, Crossmakeever, Culdrum, Cullycapple, 
 Drumsteeple, Glenkeen, Keely, Killeagae, Knockaduff, Lis- 
 namuck, Managher, Moneybrannon, Mullan, Eusky, and 
 Scalty, in the parish of Aghadowey. Population, 11,231 ; 
 Protestants, 9407. 
 
 65. 7. Garvagh. — The parishes of Desertoghill and 
 Errigal; and the parish of Aghadowey, except the twenty- 
 eight townlands included in the barony of Creeve. Popula- 
 tion, 9682 ; Protestants, 6236. 
 
 66. 8. Clandonnel. — The parishes of Kilrea and Tam- 
 laght O'Crilly ; the five townlands of Ballymacombs Beg and 
 More, and Ballynease (Helton, Macpeake, and Strain), in 
 Ballyscullion ; and the townland of Ballymacpeake, in the 
 parish of Maghera. Population, 10,736 ; Protestants, 5943.
 
 NEW BARONIES. 141 
 
 67. 9. Magh&ra. — The parish of Killelagh; the parish of 
 Maghera, except the four townlands of Ballymacpeake, 
 Drumlamph, Eocktown, and Toberhead ; and the parish 
 of Termoneeny, except the three townlands of Broagh, 
 Cabragh, and Lemnaroy. Population, 11,156 ; Protestants, 
 4022. 
 
 68. 10. Loughinsholin. — The parishes of Ballynascreen 
 and Kilcronaghan ; the parish of Desertmartin, except the 
 townlands of Gortanewry and Tirgan. Population, 11,795 ; 
 Protestants, 3886. 
 
 69. 11. Moyola. — The parish of Magherafelt, except the 
 townlands of Ballymoghan Beg and More ; the parish of Bally- 
 scullion, except the five townlands included in the barony of 
 Clandonnell ; the six townlands of Aughrim, Bally niaguigan, 
 Ballynagarve, Carraloan, Derrygarve, and the Creagh, in the 
 parish of Artrea ; the townlands of Ballycomlargy, and Lisal- 
 banagh, in the parish of Desertlyn ; the three townlands 
 of Drumlamph, Eocktown, and Toberhead, in the parish of 
 Toberhead ; and the three townlands of Broagh, Cabragh, 
 and Lemnaroy, in the parish of Termoneeny. Population, 
 13,298 ; Protestants, 7555. 
 
 70. 12. Killctragh. — The parish of Desertlyn, except the 
 townlands of Ballycomlargy and Lisalbanagh ; the parish of 
 Lissan (in Armagh and Londonderry), except the three town- 
 lands of Broughderg and Upper and Lower Davagh ; the 
 six townlands of Ballindrum, Ballydawley, Ballygruby, 
 Doluskey, Maghadone, and Moneymore, with the town of 
 Moneymore, in the parish of Artrea ; the townlands of 
 Annahavil and Moneyhaw, in the parish of Arboe ; the 
 parish of Derryloran (in Londonderry), except the town- 
 lands of Cloghog and Terressan; also the fourteen town- 
 lands of Ballymenagh, Ballynasollus, Claggan, Cluntydoon, 
 Coolreaghs, Craigs, Cranfield, Drumearn, Drumgarrell, Fee- 
 garran, Gortin, Killycurragh, Tullycall, and Tullygare, in 
 the parish of Derryloran (County Tyrone); and the nine 
 townlands of Ballynasollus, Beltonanean, Corvanaghan, 
 Doons, Drumnaglogli, Druninamalta, Muntober, Tirmac-
 
 142 APPENDIX. 
 
 shane, and Tulnacross, in the parish of Kildress. Popula- 
 tion, 9128; Protestants, 5436. 
 
 71. 13. Ballinderry. — The parishes of Ballinderry and 
 Tamlaught (in Londonderry and Tyrone) ; the parish of 
 Artrea, in Londonderry, except the twelve townlands in- 
 eluded in the baronies of Killetragh and Moyola ; the parish 
 of Artrea, in Tyrone, except the four townlands of Dufless, 
 Knockanroe, Lurganboy, and Tullyconnell ; the parish of 
 Arboe, in Londonderry, except the townlands of Annahavil 
 and Moneyhaw ; and the eleven townlands of Annaghmore,. 
 Anneeter Beg and More, Ardean, Ballynargan, Cluntoe 
 Quin, Drumenny (Conyngham, and Stewart), Kinturk, 
 Mullaghwotragh, and Sessia, in the parish of Arboe (County 
 Tyrone. Population, 9824 ; Protestants, 5399. 
 
 72. 14. Mountjoy. — The parish of Arboe (in Tyrone), 
 except the eleven townlands included in the barony of 
 Ballinderry ; the parish of Clonoe, except the five townlands 
 transferred to County Armagh (barony of Clancann) ; the 
 parish of Donaghenry, except the eight townlands of 
 Donaghey, Highcross, Lurgy, Eoughan, Eousky, Sherrigrim, 
 Tullagh Beg, and Tullagh More ; and the three townlands of 
 Creenagh, Gortgonis and Gortnaskea, with the town of Coal 
 Island, in the parish of Tullyniskan ; the parish of Bally- 
 clog. Population, 10,514; Protestants, 4143. 
 
 73. 15. Tidlaghogc. — The parish of Derryloran (in 
 Tyrone), except the fourteen townlands included in the 
 barony of Killetragh ; the four townlands of Dufless, 
 Knockanroe, Lurganboy, and Tullyconnell, in the parish of 
 Artrea (County Tyrone) ; the thirty-six townlands of An- 
 naghanam, Annaghmore, Annaghteige, Ballymully Glebe, 
 Cady, Cross Glebe, Desertcreat, Donaghrisk, Downs, Drum- 
 raw, Gortacar (Doris, and Glassy), Gortagowan, Gortavilly, 
 Gortfad, Grange, Killycolp, Killygarvan, Killyneedan, Kilty- 
 clay, Kiltyclogher, Knockavaddy, Legacurry, Loughry De- 
 mesne, Low-Cross, Mullaghshantullagh, Bockdale, Sessiagh 
 (Lindsay), Shivey, Skenarget, Tirnaskea (Bayly), Tullaghoge, 
 Tully, Tullyard, Tullylagan, and Tullyodonnell, in the parish
 
 NEW BARONIES. 143 
 
 of Desertcreat ; the twenty-four townlands of Clare, Clonty- 
 feragh, Corchoney, Corkhill, Derrinleagh, Drum, Drumna- 
 cross, Upper and Lower, Glasmullagh, Glenarny, Gortin and 
 Gortnagross, Kildress, Upper and Lower, Legnacash, Mae- 
 kenny, Oaklands, Oritor, Strews, Tamlaght, Tamnaskeeny, 
 Tattykeel, Terrywinny, and Tullyroan, in the parish of 
 Kildress ; the townland of High Cross, iu the parish of 
 Donaghenry ; and the townlands of Cloghog and Terressan, 
 in the parish of Derryloran (County Londonderry). Popu- 
 lation, 9113; Protestants, 5828. 
 
 74. 16. Upper Dungannon. — The parish of Donaghmore, 
 except the town of Granville, and the twenty-nine town- 
 lands included in the baronies of Lower Dungannon, Cale- 
 don, Aughnacloy, and Pomeroy ; the parish of Tullyniskan, 
 except the three townlands of Creenagh, Gortgoins, and 
 Gortuaskea, and the town of Coal Island ; the seven town- 
 lands of Donaghey, Lurgy, Roughan, liousky, Sherrigrim, 
 Tullagh Beg, and Tullagh More, in the parish of Donagh- 
 enry ; the sixteen townlands of Annaghquin, Annahavil, 
 Bally nacroy, Bally nakilly, Derry raghan, Drumballyhugh, 
 Drummillard, Finvey, Gortavale, Gortfad Glebe, Lammy, 
 Lisnanane, Moree, Moynagh, Oughterard, and Tolvin, in 
 the parish of Desertcreat ; the twelve townlands of Congo, 
 Creevagh L T pper, Derraghadoan, Killybrackey, Killylack 
 Glebe, Lurgaboy, Ranaghan, Ross Beg, Boss More, Tully- 
 cullion, Tullygun, and Tullyodonnell, in the parish of Drum- 
 glass ; and the thirteen townlands of Claggan, Coolnaghry, 
 ( lorkhill, Creeve, Crossdermot, Curlonan, Drumconnor, Drum- 
 mond, Lisnagleer, Mulnagore, Skea, Thornhill Glebe, and 
 Tullnagall, in the parish of Pomeroy. Population, 10,300 ; 
 Protestants, 5000. 
 
 75. 17. Lower Dunr/annon. — The parish of Killyman ; 
 the parish of Drumglass, except the twelve townlands in- 
 cluded in the barony of LTpper Dungannon; the seventeen 
 townlands of Alnavannog, Coolcush, Cormullagh, Derry- 
 creevy (Knox), Donnyde;id<;, Drumgonnal, J)unseark, Killy- 
 bracken, Lisdermot, Lismulrevy, Lissan, Moygashel, Mul-
 
 144 APPENDIX. 
 
 boy, Mullaghdaly, Mullybrannon, Mullycarnon, and Stang- 
 more (Knox), in the parish of Clont'eacle ; and the nine 
 townlands of Ballysaggart, Cottagequinn, Derryveen, Esk- 
 ragh, Killymaddy (Knox), Killyquinn, Lisnahnll, Mullagh- 
 adrolly, and Mullaghanagh, and the town of Granville, in 
 the parish of Donaghmore. Population, 10,192 ; Protes- 
 tants, 5446. 
 
 76. 18. Calcclon. — The parish of Aghaloo, except the 
 eight townlands of Annagh, Annaghmore, Drumearn, Drum- 
 niond, Edenageeragh, Glencrew, Mullaghmore West, and 
 Mulnahorn; the parish of Clonfeacle, except the seventeen 
 townlands included in the barony of Lower Dungannon ; 
 the three townlands of Cullenramer, Eeaskmore, and Derry- 
 hoar, in the parish of Donaghmore ; and the townlands of 
 Edentiloan, and Pteskatirriff, in the parish of Carnteel. 
 Population, 10,297; Protestants, 6189. 
 
 77. 19. Auglmacloy. — The parish of Carnteel, except 
 the three townlands of Edentiloan, Reskatirriff, and Tulna- 
 vern (upper fragment); the parish of Killeeshill, except the 
 townlands of Ballynahaye and Cranlome ; the parish of 
 Errigal Keerogue, except the fifteen townlands included in 
 the new baronies of Clogher and Six Mile Cross ; the nine 
 townlands of Aghintober, Dristernan and Dredoit, Gorey, 
 Gortlenaghan and Derrykeel, Killylevin, Killymaddy (Evans), 
 Killymoyle, Lisgallon, Mullaghbane, and Tullyallen, in the 
 parish of Donaghmore ; and the eight townlonds of Annagh, 
 Annaghmore, Drumearn, Drummond, Edenageeragh, Glen- 
 crew, Mullaghmore West, and Mulnahorn, in the parish of 
 Aghaloo. Population, 10,152 ; Protestants, 5635. 
 
 78. 20. Clogher. — The parish of Clogher, except the 
 townland of Mount Stewart ; the parish of Aghalurcher (in 
 Tyrone) ; the nine townlands of Altcloghfin, Brackagh, 
 Culnaha, Errigal, Garvaghy, Gort, Kilgreen, Upper and 
 Lower, and Earogan, in the parish of Errigal Keerogue. 
 Population, 11,745; Protestants, 5506. 
 
 79. 21. Fintona. — The parish of Donacavey, except the 
 eleven townlands of Attaghmore, Baronagh, Blackfort, Dun-
 
 NEW BARONIES. 145 
 
 namona, Edenafogiy, Fallaghearn, Glennan, Killymoonan, 
 Mullawinny, Skreen, and Tattymulmona ; the parish of 
 Drouiore, except the townlands of Aghadulla (Harper), and 
 Corrasheskin ; and the townland of Mount Stewart, in the 
 parish of Clogher. Population, 11,867; Protestants, 4278. 
 
 80. 22. West Omagh. — The parishes of East and West 
 Longfield, except the seven townlands of the latter included 
 in the new barony of Glenderg; the parish of Drumragh, 
 except the thirty-nine townlands included in the new barony 
 of East Omagh ; and the townlands of Aghadulla (Harper), 
 and Corrasheskin, in the parish of Dromore. Population, 
 11,633 ; Protestants, 4792. 
 
 81. 23. East Omagh. — The parish of Clogherney, except 
 the townland of Mullaghslin Glebe ; that part of the parish 
 of Cappagh, which lies in the present barony of East Omagh ; 
 the sixteen townlands of Ballynamullan, Ballynaquilly, 
 Boheragh, Cloghfin, Cranny, Crosk, Glencordial, Killybrack, 
 Killyclogher, Killycurragh, Lisanelly, Lisnamallard, Maine, 
 Mullaghmore, Kacolpa, and Tirquin, with the towns of Lisna- 
 mallard, and Omagh (small part), in the parish of Cappagh 
 and present barony of Upper Strabane ; the thirty-nine town- 
 lands of Ballynahatty, Beagh, Blacksessagh, Coolnagard, 
 Upper and Lower, Creevangar (Alexander, and White), Cree- 
 vanmore (Crosby, and Hunter), Crucknamona, Dergmoney, 
 Upper and Lower, Doogary, Drudgeon, Drum, Drumconnelly, 
 Drumragh (Caldwell, J. MacCausland, and P. MacCausland), 
 Drumshanly, Edergoole, Upper and Lower, Fireagh (Cochrane, 
 and Gardiner), Ereughmore, Gammy, Kiltamnagh, Kivlin, 
 Lissan, Loughmuck (Alcorn, and Wallace), Meetinghouse-hill, 
 Rakeeragh, Eelaghdooey, Ilylands, Sedannan, Stroancar- 
 badagh, Tattykeel, and Tattyreagh Glebe, in the parish of 
 Drumragh ; the eleven townlands of Attaghmore, Baronagh, 
 Blackfort, Dunnamona, Edenafogiy, Fallaghearn, Glennan, 
 Killymoonan, Mullawinny, Skreen, and Tattymulmona, in the 
 parish of Donacavey ; and the townlands of Bancran, and 
 Deroran, in the parish of Termon Maquirk. Population, 
 10,613; Protestants, 5706. 
 
 K
 
 146 APPENDIX. 
 
 82. 24 Six Mile Cross. — The parish of Termon Maquirk, 
 except the townlancls of Bancran and Deroran ; the five town- 
 lands of Aghalane, Faccarry, Fernagh, Inisclan, and Killins, 
 in the parish of Cappagh ; the townland of Mnllaghslin 
 Glebe, in the parish of Clogherney ; the six townlands of 
 Altamooskan, Dunmoyle, Fallaghearn, Foremass, Upper and 
 Lower, and Lurganboy, in the parish of Errigal Keerogue ; 
 and the townland of Tulnavern (upper fragment), in the parish 
 of Carnteel. Population, 10,372; Protestants, 2512. 
 
 83. 25. Pomeroy. — The parish of Pomeroy, except the 
 thirteen townlands included in the barony of Upper Dun- 
 gannon ; the fifteen townlands of Cavanoneill, Cloghfin, 
 Drumshanbo Glebe, Dunnamore, Evishacrancussy, Evisha- 
 noran, Gortaclacly, Gortreagh, Keenaghan, Killeenan, Kil- 
 lucan, Knockaleary, Magheraglass, Moboy, and Murnells, in 
 the parish of Kildress ; the seventeen townlands of Allen, 
 Bardahessiagh, Carnenny, Derrygortanea, Derryhash, Eden- 
 doit, Galcussagh, Gortindarragh, Limehill, Moneygaragh, Moy- 
 more, Mullynure, Pomeroy, Sessiagh (Scott), Skenahergney, 
 Tirnaskea, and Tullyreavy, in the parish of Desertcreat ; the 
 eight townlancls of Aghnagar, Altaglushan, Clonavaddy, 
 Dernaseer, Derryalskea, Moghan, Pteclain, and Toomog, in 
 the parish of Donaghmore ; and the townlands of Ballyna- 
 haye and Cranlome, in the parish of Killeeshill. Popula- 
 tion, 10,028; Protestants, 2710. 
 
 84. 26. Munterlony. — The parishes of Bodoney, Upper 
 and Lower ; the eight townlancls of Balix, Upper and Lower, 
 Carrickayne, Clogherney, Doorat, Glengarrow, Legnagappoge, 
 and Stroanbrack, in the parish of Donaghedy ; the ten town- 
 lands of Breagh, More and Beg, Beleevna, More and Beg, 
 Dungate, Evishbrack, Kinnagillian, Meenanea, Meenas- 
 callagh, and Teebane, in the parish of Kildress ; and the three 
 townlands of Broughderg, and Davagh, Upper and Lower, 
 in the parish of Lissan. Population, 12,671 ; Protestants, 
 3092. 
 
 85. 27. Ardstraw. — That part of the parish of Ardstraw 
 which lies within the present barony of Lower Strabane, ex-
 
 NEW BARONIES. 147 
 
 cept the twenty-two townlands included in the new baronies 
 of Glenderg and Upper Strabane ; that part of the parish of 
 Cappagh which lies in the present barony of Upper Strabane, 
 except the twenty-one townlands included in the new baronies 
 of East Omagh and Six Mile Cross. Population, 11,945 ; 
 Protestants, 6560. 
 
 86. 28. Glenderg. — The parish of Termonamongan, and 
 those parts of the parishes of Ardstraw and Urney which lie 
 in the present barony of West Omagh ; the six townlands of 
 Ballyfolliard, Dunrevan, Erganagh, Listymore, Lurganboy, 
 and Priestsessagh, in the parish of Ardstraw and present 
 barony of Lower Strabane ; and the seven townlands of 
 Aghakinmart, Bullock Park, Drumgallan, Ednashanlaght, Kil- 
 more (Irvine, and Robinson), and Meencargagh, in the parish 
 of West Longfield. Population, 11,209; Protestants, 5019. 
 
 87. 29. Upper Strabane. — The parish of Camus ; the 
 parish of Urney (in Tyrone and Donegal), except that part 
 which lies within the present barony of West Omagh ; the 
 sixteen townlands of Ballought, Beagh, Breen, Clady (Blair, 
 Halliday, Hood, and Johnston), Concess, Knockiniller, Lig- 
 fordnim, Liscreevaghan, Mulvin, Skinboy, Skinboy Mountain, 
 Stonewalls, and Stonyfalls, in the parish of Ardstraw and 
 present barony of Lower Strabane ; the thirty-three town- 
 lands of Ballybun, Blairstown, Carranadore, Carrick, Car- 
 ricknashane, Cashelin, Castlefinn, Cloghard, Corcullion, 
 Demesne, Donaghmore Glebe, Drummurphy, Dungorman, 
 Gortfad, Gortnamuck, Grahamsland, Knockrawe, Leaght, 
 Liscooly, Lisnamulligan, Magheraboy, Magherareagh, Mee- 
 navoney, Mullanboy, Paws, Upper and Lower, Scotland, 
 Sessiagh (Allison), Sessiagh (Long), Stranamuck, Tawnacrom, 
 Tirinisk, and Tirnagushope, with the town of Castlefinn, in 
 the parish of Donaghmore (in Donegal). Population, 13,565 ; 
 Protestants, 5487. 
 
 88. 30. Lower Strabane. — The parish of Leckpatrick ; the 
 parish of Donaghedy, except the eight townlands included in 
 the barony of Munterlony. Population 10,418; Protestants, 
 5685.
 
 148 APPENDIX. 
 
 89. 31. Portlough. — The parishes of All Saints, Burt, 
 Killea, and Muff; the parish of Templemore outside the city 
 of Londonderry; and the nine townlands of Birdstown, 
 Carnashannagh, Crislaghmore, Drumadooey, Fahan Level, 
 Garvary, Gortnaskea, Moureagh, and Tievehane, in the 
 parish of Upper Fahan. Population, 12,314; Protestants, 
 6789. 
 
 90. 32. Eaphoe. — The parishes of Clonleigh, Eaymoghy, 
 and Taughboyne ; the parish of Eaphoe, except the four 
 townlands of Blackrepentance, Carrickbrack, and Upper and 
 Lower Eousky ; the six townlands of Breaghy, Carnowen, 
 Dooghan, Lisnabert, Magherashanvally, and Sessiagh, in the 
 parish of Donaghmore (Donegal) ; and the three townlands of 
 Calhame, Cornagillagh, and Treanboy, in the parish of Convoy, 
 Population, 13,437 ; Protestants, 7323. 
 
 VI. — County of Tyeconnel. 
 
 91. 1. Glenfinn. — The parish of Donaghmore (in Donegal), 
 except the forty-two townlands included in the new baronies 
 of Upper Strabane, Eaphoe, and Donegal ; the parish of Stran- 
 orlar, except the three townlands of Cashelnavean, Meen- 
 cargagh, and Meencrumlin ; the parish of Convoy, except the 
 four townlands of Calhame, Cark, Cornagillagh, and Treanboy ; 
 and the four townlands of Blackrepentance, Carrickbrack, 
 and Upper and Lower Eousky, in the parish of Eaphoe. 
 Population, 11,847 ; Protestants, 3802. 
 
 92. 2. Glcnswilly. — The parishes of Gartan and Leek ; 
 the parish of Conwal, except the twenty-six townlands in- 
 cluded in the barony of Kilmacrenan ; the thirteen town- 
 lands of Cloghroe, Cottian, Edenacarnan, North and South, 
 Garrowcarry, Glenkeo, Gortnacorrib, Keenaghan, Killydesert, 
 Legnahoory, Eathdonnell, Sockar, and Tirargus, in the parish 
 of Kilmacrenan ; and the townland of Cark, in the parish of 
 Convoy. Population, 12,097 ; Protestants, 3507. 
 
 93. 3. Kilmacrenan. — The parish of Aghanunshin ; the 
 parish of Aughinish, except the townlands of Glenalla and 
 Eay ; the parish of Tullyfern, except the nine townlands of
 
 NEW BARONIES. 149 
 
 Carrowkeel, Cratlagh, Drumatrumman, Dunmore, Garrymore, 
 Gortcally, Gortnavern, Banny, and Tirhomin ; the twenty-six 
 townlands of Ards, Big and Little, Ballaghderg, Ballyboe 
 Lisnenan, Barrack, Bohirril, Bohirril Park, Booragb, Breaghy, 
 Carnamogagh, Upper and Lower, Carnisk, Coolboy, Big and 
 Little, Curraghlea, Ellistrin, Big and Little, Fallard, Gort- 
 navern, Knocknamona, Lisnenan, Meenatole, Eace End, 
 Sallaghagrane, Windyhall, and Woodtown, in tbe parish of 
 Conwal ; and the twenty -five townlands of Aghawoney, 
 Ballykeeran, Ballyscanlan, Upper and Lower, Bellanascaddan, 
 Carrickybressil, Cashelgay, Court, Druniabodan, Glasnant, 
 Gortmacall, Beg and More, Gortnaskeagh, Groveball, Kil- 
 connell, Kilmacrenan, Letter, Massreagh, Portleen, Procklis, 
 Ray, Skerry, and Tawny, Upper, Middle, and Lower, with 
 the town of Kilmacrenan, in the parish of Kilmacrenan. 
 Population, 8792 ; Protestants, 4355. 
 
 94. 4. East Innishowen. — The parishes of Upper and 
 Lower Moville, and the ten townlands of Aghaglassan, Agha- 
 tubrid, Ballycharry, Ballymagaraghy, Dristernan, Drumaville, 
 Drumlee, Kindroghed, Leitrim, and Moneydarragh, in the 
 parish of Cuklaff. Population, 9967 ; Protestants, 2274. 
 
 95. 5. North Innishowen. — The parishes of Clonca and 
 Donagh ; and the parish of Culdaff, except the ten townlands 
 included in the barony of East Innishowen. Population, 
 12,120; Protestants, 1758. 
 
 96. 6. West Innishowen. — The parishes of Clonmany, 
 Desertegny, Fahan Lower, Inch, and Mintiaghs ; and the 
 fourteen townlands of Annaslee, Ballynahone, Carrontlieve, 
 Carrowmullin, Castlequarter, Craigtown, Crislaghkeel, Figary, 
 ( ill lie, Large Glebe, Letter, Lisfanan, Magherabeg, and Roosky, 
 in the parish of Upper Fahan. Population, 12,057 ; Protes- 
 tants, 1168. 
 
 97. 7. Fanad. — The parishes of Clondavaddog and Killy- 
 garvan ; the townlands of Glenalla and Pay, in the parish 
 of Aughinish ; the nine townlands of Carrowkeel, Cratlagh, 
 Drumatrumman, Dunmore, Garrymore, Gortcally, Gortnavern, 
 Ranny, and Tirhomin, in the parish of Tullyfern ; and the
 
 150 APPENDIX. 
 
 seven townlands of Carmoney, Cool, Upper and Lower, Cran- 
 ford, Drummacaladdery, and Woodquarter, in the parish of 
 Kilmacrenan. Population, 10,237 ; Protestants, 1786. 
 
 98. 8. Doe. — The parishes of Clondahorkey and Mevagh ; 
 and the thirty-one townlands of Ballybuninabber, Barnes, 
 Upper and Lower, Carrownaganonagh, Carrownasaul, Cashel, 
 Casheleenan, Clonkilly, Beg and More, Currin, Derriscligh, 
 Doon, Drurnbrick, Drumdeevin, Drumlurgagh, Drumoghill, 
 Fawans, Golan, Goldrum, Gortalaban, Gortnalaragh, Killough- 
 carran, Knocknabollan, Letterfad, Loughaskerry, Meenbunone, 
 Meenreagh, Skreen, Upper and Lower, Stragraddy, and Tir- 
 killin, in the parish of Kilmacrenan. Population, 11,523 ; 
 Protestants, 2221. 
 
 99. 9. Cloghaneely. — The parishes of Eaymunterdonny 
 and Tullyhobegly. Population, 11,489 ; Protestants, 467. 
 
 100. 10. North Boylagh. — The parish of Templecrone. 
 Population, 11,525 ; Protestants, 388. 
 
 101. 11. South Boylagh. — The parish of Lettermacward ; 
 the parish of Lower Killybegs, except the townland of Glen- 
 gesh ; that part of the parish of Inishkeel which lies within 
 the present barony of Boylagh. Population, 12,682 ; Pro- 
 testants, 1006. 
 
 102. 12. Outer Banagh. — The parishes of Glencolumbkill, 
 Kilcar, and Upper Killybegs ; that part of the parish of 
 Inishkeel which lies in the present barony of Banagh ; the 
 townland of Glengesh in the parish of Lower Killybegs, and 
 the townland of Meentullynagarn in the parish of Killaghtee. 
 Population, 12,964; Protestants, 1120. 
 
 103. 13. Inner Banagh. — The parishes of Inver and 
 Killaghtee (except the townland of Meentullynagarn in the 
 latter) ; the townland of Croankeeran, in the parish of Killy- 
 mard. Population, 11,734; Protestants, 2443. 
 
 104. 14. Donegal. — The parishes of Donegal and Kiltee- 
 vogue ; the parish of Killymard, except the townland of 
 Croankeeran ; the three townlands of Cashelnavean, Meen- 
 cargagh, and Meencrumlin, in the parish of Stranorlar ; the 
 three townlands of Croaghonagh, Meenbog, and Taughboy, in
 
 NEW BARONIES. 151 
 
 the parish of Donaghmore ; and the three townlands of 
 Barnesyneill) T , Copany, and Straness, in the parish of Drum- 
 home. Population, 12,751 ; Protestants, 3201. 
 
 II. — County of Belfast. 
 
 105. 3. BaUyshannon. — The parishes of Belleek and 
 Kilbarron ; the town of BaUyshannon and the seven town- 
 lands of Ardloughill, Ballyhanna, Ballynmnterhiggin, Carrick- 
 boy, Dunmuckrum, Firmer, and Portnason, in the parish of 
 Innismacsaint (in Donegal) ; also the twenty-seven townlands 
 of Ardees, Upper and Lower, Ardgart, Barr of Slawin, Brollagh, 
 Callagheen, Carran, Beg and More, Carrigolagh, Corgary, Cor- 
 nahaltie, Corry, Derrynacross, Derrynames, Drumataffan, 
 Drumbadreevagh, Drumlisaleen, Farrancassidy, Fassagh, Gort- 
 ii alee, Fully Beg, Langhill, Lergan, Manger, Moneendogue, 
 Rosscor, and Slawin, with the adjacent islands of Lough 
 Erne, in the parish of Innismacsaint (County Fermanagh). 
 Population, 11,026 ; Protestants, 1974. 
 
 VII. — County of Fermanagh. 
 
 106. 1. Tirhugh. — The parish of Drumhome, except the 
 three townlands of Barnesyneilly, Copany, and Sraness ; the 
 parish of Templecarn (in Donegal) ; and the parish of Temple- 
 earn (in Fermanagh), except the three townlands of Drum- 
 longfield, Dreenan, and Mullans, with Lustymore and the 
 other islands in Lough Erne. Population, 9317 ; Protestants, 
 4405. 
 
 107. 2. Lury. — The parishes of Drumkeeran and Magh- 
 eraculmoney ; the twenty-eight townlands of Ballymactag- 
 gart, Bunaninver, Carranboy, Coolaness, Coolisk, Cullagh- 
 more, Dromore, Drumadravy, Drumaran, Drumasky, J >ruin- 
 bulcan, Drumduf'i", Drummonaghan, Drumpeen, Drumshane, 
 Drumskool, Duross, Glenkeen, Keeran, Knockroe (Archdall), 
 Moneykee, North Moynaghan, Mullies, Pahall, ltossachrin, 
 Jlfissmore, Shallany, and Whitehill North, in the parish of 
 Derry vullan ; and the three townlands of Drunilongfield,
 
 152 APPENDIX. 
 
 Dreenan, and Mullans, with Lustymore and the other islands 
 of the parish of Templecarn. Population, 9215 ; Protestants, 
 4975. 
 
 108. 3. Tirkennedy. — The parish of Kilskeery ; the par- 
 ish of Magheracross (in Tyrone and Fermanagh), except the 
 townland of Ballydoolagh ; the parish of Trory, except the 
 seven townlands of Conerick, Derryargon, Derrygore, Derry- 
 inch, Drumcoo, Kilmacormick, and Eing; that part of the 
 parish of Derryvullan which lies in the present barony of 
 Lurg, except the twenty-eight townlands included in the new 
 barony of Lurg. Population, 10,151 ; Protestants, 5593. 
 
 109. 4. Enniskillen. — Those parts of the parishes of 
 Cleenish, Derryvullan, and Enniskillen, which lie in the 
 present barony of Tirkennedy, except the island of Knock ; 
 the seven townlands of Conerick, Derryargon, Derrygore, 
 Derryinch, Drumcoo, Kilmacormick, and Eing, in the parish 
 of Trory ; the townlands of Ballyreagh and Largy, in the 
 parish of Derrybrusk ; and the townland of Ballydoolagh, 
 in the parish of Magheracross. Population, 11,507; Pro- 
 testants, 6206. 
 
 110. 5. Magherast&phana. — The present barony of Mag- 
 herastephana. Population, 12,131 ; Protestants, 6591. 
 
 111. 6. Clanawley. — The parish of Killesher ; the parish 
 of Eossorry, except the nine townlands included in the new 
 barony of Magheraboy ; that part of the parish of Enniskillen 
 which lies in the present barony of Magheraboy ; that part 
 of the parish of Derrybrusk which lies in the present barony 
 of Tirkennedy, except the townlands of Ballyreagh and Largy ; 
 the sixty-three townlands of Abocurragh, Abohill, Aghannagh, 
 Ardtonnagh, Ballysooragh, Bellanaleck, Bohevney, Brockagh, 
 Carneyhill, Cloonatrig, Cloonaveel, Coolyermer, Cornahawla, 
 Corraderrybrock, Corraglass, Corrateskin, Crockareddy, Der- 
 reens East, Derryaghna, Derrychurra, Derrycormick, Derry- 
 giff, Derryhowlaght West, Derryinch, Derryleck, Derryscobe, 
 Drumageever, Drumane, Drumbargny, Drumcolgny, Drum- 
 conlan East, Drumderg, Drumlaghy, Drumrainy, Drumsroo- 
 hill, Gardrum, Gortadrehid, Gortahurk East, Gortdonaghy,
 
 NEW BARONIES. 153 
 
 Greenwoodhill, Ivillywillin, Lanaghran, Learn Beg, Learn 
 More, Letterbreen, Lisbofin, Moybane, Moybrone, Mullagh- 
 maddy, Mullymesker, Oakfield, Point, Eoss, Eossavalley, 
 Bossdoney, Eushin East, Sessiagh West, Skea, Skreen, Tony- 
 loman, Tonyteige, Trillick, and Tally, in the parish of Clee- 
 nish and present barony of Clanawley ; and the islands of 
 Cleenish and Knock, in the parish of Derryvullan. Popu- 
 lation, 10,534; Protestants, 5277. 
 
 112. 7. Magh&raboy. — The parish of Devenish, except the 
 eighteen townlands excluded from the Grand Duchy ; the 
 parish of Boho, except the three townlands of Agho, Eoss, 
 and Tullygerravra ; the parish of Innismacsaint (in Ferman- 
 agh), except the fifteen townlands excluded from the Grand 
 Duchy, and the twenty-seven townlands included in the new 
 barony of Ballyshannon ; that part of the parish of Cleenish 
 which lies in the present barony of Clanawley, except the 
 sixty-three townlands included in the new barony of Clan- 
 awley ; the nine townlands of Bowara, Brughas, Cloghanagh, 
 Croaghrim, Dinnydoon, Drumsillagh, Killycat, Kilnaloo, and 
 Moyglass, in the parish of Eossorry ; and the townland of 
 Lurgandarragh, in the parish of Cleenish and present barony 
 of Magheraboy. Population, 8975 ; Protestants, 3510. 
 
 VIII. — County of Monaghan. 
 
 113. 1. Coole. — The parish of Galloon, except the three 
 townlands of Carrowmaculla, Derrysteaton, and Galloon ; the 
 parish of Drummully (in Fermanagh and Monaghan), except 
 the four townlands of Derrykerrib, Drumboghanagh Glebe, 
 Goladuff, and Gubdoo ; the twelve townlands of Clonagam, 
 Clonatty, Clonfad, Clonfeile.Clonmackan,Clontivim, Drumcra, 
 Drumharrifi', Drumrainy, Gowny, Kilroosky, and Summerhill, 
 in the parish of Clones (County Fermanagh) ; also the town 
 of Clones and the thirty-one townlands of Altartate Glebe, 
 Annaghkilly, Burdautien, Cam, Carney's Island, Cladowen, 
 Clonavilla, Clonboy, Cloncallick, Cloncumber, Cloncurrin, 
 Clonedergole, Clonkeen (Cole, and Lucas), Clonkirk, Clon- 
 more, Clontibret, Clontreat, Crossmoyle, Drumard, Drumcru
 
 154 APPENDIX. 
 
 (Dickson), Glear, Largy, Legarhill, Liseggerton, Lisnaroe, 
 (Far, and Near), Mullanamoy, Munnilly, Teehill, and Tirna- 
 hinch Near, in the parish of Clones (County Monaghan). 
 Population, 10,269 ; Protestants, 4516. 
 
 114. 2. Clankelly. — The parish of Clones (in Fermanagh 
 and Monaghan), except the town of Clones and the forty-six 
 townlands included in the new baronies of Coole and Mona- 
 ghan ; the parish of Drumsnat ; the thirty-two townlands of 
 Aghnaskea, Annamakiff, Boughill, Carnowen, Cashlan, Ca- 
 vanavally, Cloghernagh, Coaghen, Conaghy, Corlat, Coma- 
 wall, Derryleggan, Doosky, Drumcaw, Drumguilly, Drum- 
 hilly, Drumleny, Dyan, Edenagoash, Glasdrummond, Golan- 
 murphy, Killycronaghan, Killyfuddy, Killygorman, Killy- 
 keskeame, Kilnamaddy, Lecklevera, Lisarrilly, Listellan, 
 Eoosky, Tattynagall, and Tiredigan, in the parish of Killee- 
 van ; the six townlands of Aghagaw, Allagesh, Corrinshigo, 
 Formoyle, Killydonnelly, and Mullatigorry, in the parish of 
 Tedavnet ; and the townland of Carrowmaculla, in the parish 
 of Galloon. Population, 11,804; Protestants, 3283. 
 
 115. 3. Monaghcm. — The parish of Tedavnet, except the 
 six townlands included in the new barony of Clankelly ; the 
 town of Monaghan, and the eighteen townlands of Camla, 
 Coolshannagh, Cornecassa, Crover, Gallanagh, Gortakeeghan, 
 Killyconigan, Killygowan, Kilnacloy, Knockroe, Mullagh- 
 adun, Mullaghcroghery, Mullaghmatt, Mullaghmonaghau, 
 Eoosky, Tirkeenan, Tully, and Tullygrimes, in the parish of 
 Monaghan ; the eighteen townlands of Aghaboy, Aghalisk, 
 Annaghervy, Annagola, Ballyleck, Brandrum, Clonavarn, 
 Corcreeghy, Drumacaslan, Drumaconnor, Killyleen, Kilna- 
 haltar, Lisbane, Mullynahinch Point, Eossalielcl, Tirmadown, 
 and Tullybryan, in the parish of Kilmore ; and the three 
 townlands of Derryarrit, Dundrumman, and Skeatry, in the 
 parish of Clones. Population, 11,404; Protestants, 2942. 
 
 116. 4. Trough. — The parishes of Donagh and Errigal 
 Trough (in Monaghan and Tyrone) ; the nineteen townlands 
 of Corbeg, Cornahoe, Corvalley, Creighans, Crowey, Crumlin, 
 Drumacruttan, Drumagelvin, Drumgoole, Knockacunnier,
 
 NEW BARONIES. 155 
 
 Leitriin, Seaveagh, Shelvins, Skinnagin, Templetate, Terry - 
 caffe, Tiravera, Tuckmilltate, and Tullygoney, in the parish 
 of Tehallan. Population, 10,579 ; Protestants, 2884. 
 
 117. 5. JRossmore. — The parish of Monaghan, except the 
 town and the eighteen townlands included in the new barony 
 of Monaghan ; the parish of Kilmore, except the eighteen 
 townlands included in that barony, and the two included in 
 the new barony of Ballybay ; the parish of Tehallan, except 
 the nineteen townlands included in the new barony of Trough ; 
 the twelve townlands of Braddocks, Cordevlis North, Corfad, 
 Corlongford, Corraviller, Corvally, Cussaboy, Derrylusk, Kil- 
 nacran, Kilnamaddy, Shanmullagh, and Terrygeely, in the 
 parish of Tullycorbet ; and the sixty-six townlands of Aghna- 
 meal, Annaglogh, Annahuby, Annaseeragh, Arclintagh, Aval- 
 bane, Avalreagh, Ballygreany, Bryanlitter, Carrickaderry, 
 Carrickanure, Cashel, Cavancreavy, Clerran, Coolartragh, 
 Corcaskea, Corlagan North, Cornabrandy, Corhahoe, Upper 
 and Lower, Cornamucklagh North, Creeve, Crossaghy, Cross- 
 more, Derryarrelly, Doosky, Down, Dromore, Drumbeo, Drum- 
 gallan, Drumgolat, Drumnart, Drumneill, Ennis, Feddans, 
 Fintully, Gallagh, Glasdrumman, East and West, Glenny- 
 horn, Greenmount, Kilcrow, Killy monaghan, Latnakelly, 
 Lemgare, Letteragh, Letterbane, Lisaginny, Lisdrumgormly, 
 Lisglassan, Lisnagreeve, Listinny, Listroar, Moy Etra, Moy 
 Otra, Moysnaght, Mullagarry, Mullans, Pullans, Shanmul- 
 lagh, Tassan, Tatty reagh North, Tirmacmoe, Tonagh, Tully- 
 buck, and Tullycumaskey, in the parish of Clontibret. Popu- 
 lation, 11,160; Protestants, 3296. 
 
 118. 6. Ballybay. — The parish of Ballybay; the parish of 
 Clontibret, except the sixty-six townlands included in the 
 new barony of Bossmore, the four townlands transferred to 
 County Armagh (barony of Middle Fews), and the eleven 
 townlands transferred to the county of Oriel (barony of 
 Farney) ; the parish of Tullycorbet, except the twelve town- 
 lands included in the barony of Possmore ; the townlands of 
 A'jhnaclea and Ballynagarry, in the parish of Kilmore; and 
 the twenty townlands of Aghnamullen, Anny, Bowelk, Cor-
 
 156 APPENDIX. 
 
 devlis, Corfad, Corkeeran, Corraskea, Corryhagan, Cumry, 
 Derryroosk, Dramfaldra, Drumskelt, Keenogbane, Keenog- 
 duff, Lisgillan, Lisgorran, Monintin, Mullanagore, Mullanary 
 Glebe, and Tamlat, in the parish of Aghnamnllan. Popula- 
 tion, 11,090; Protestants, 3410. 
 
 119. 7. Dartrcy. — The parishes of Aghabog, Ematris, and 
 Currin (Fermanagh and Monaghan) ; the townlands of Clos- 
 sagh Beg and Clossagh More, in the parish of Aghnamullan ; 
 the parish of Killeevan, except the thirty-nine townlands 
 included in the new barony of Clankelly. Population, 
 11,871 ; Protestants, 5435. 
 
 IX. — County of East Brefney or Cavan. 
 
 120. 1. Tullygarvey. — The parish of Drumgoon, except 
 the twenty-seven townlands included in the new barony of 
 Clankee in the county of Oriel ; the parish of Kildrumsher- 
 dan, except the three townlands of Drumnatread, Ratrussan, 
 and Tievenanass ; the eighteen townlands of Clonacullion, 
 Cormeen, Corsilloga, Cortannel, Drumlood, Edenbrone, Gort- 
 lanna, Killyliss, Leagh, Lisnagalliagh, Lisnalong, Money, 
 Mountain Lodge, Mount Carmel, Moylemore, Moylemuck, 
 Eaw, and Tattybrack, in the parish of Aghnamullen ; the 
 thirty-four townlands of Ballyhally, Bracklagh, Bunnoe, 
 Corcraff, Cornagarron, Corrakeeran, Corravogy, Corrinshigo, 
 Devally, Drumacleeskin, Drumbrollisk, Drumcor, Drum- 
 herriff, North and South, Drumskelt, Duncollog, Dunmurry, 
 Killyrue, Lattacapple, Lisarney, Lisboduff, Lisbree, Longfield, 
 Magherintemple, Nutfield, Pottle East, Rahoran, Rakenny, 
 Ronard, See, Tullavally, Tullyalt, Tullybrick, and Tullyna- 
 cross, in the parish of Drung ; the eighteen townlands of 
 Ardglushin, Brockly, Claragh, Conaghoo, Corcraff, Drum- 
 avrack, Drumbartagh, Drumbo, Drumcarn, Drumconra, 
 Drumeenagh, Keelagh, Kilnacross, Kivvy, Mullacroghery, 
 Mullalougher, Neddaiagh, and Treehoo, in the parish of 
 Annagh. Population, 11,752 ; Protestants, 3254. 
 
 121. 2. Stradone.- — The parish of Larah ; the parish of
 
 NEW BARONIES. 157 
 
 Lavey, except the thirteen townlands excluded from Ulster ; 
 the parish of Drung, except the thirty-four townlands in- 
 cluded in the new barony of Tullygarvey ; the three town- 
 lands of Drunmatread, Eatrussan, and Tievenanass, in the 
 parish of Kildrumsherdan ; the three townlands of Arda- 
 magh. Coolcanadass, and Dresternagh, in the parish of 
 Annagh ; the nine townlands of Aghalackan, Drumoghra, 
 Edenticlare, Glasdrumman, Lismullig, Poles, Pottle, and 
 Shankill, Upper and Lower, in the parish of Annagelliff; the 
 twenty-two townlands of Carrickateane, Castleterra, Clon- 
 conor Glebe, Clouervy, Corcloghan, Corranure, Corratober, 
 Corravarry, Creeve, Cullentragh, Drumohan, Drurnryan, 
 Fartan, Upper and Lower, Heney, Keadew, Killygarry, 
 Lisdeegin, Lisdunvis Glebe, Lisnacark, Shantemon, and Un- 
 shinagh, in the parish of Castleterra ; and the five town- 
 lands of Banagher, Corraweelis, Crumlin, Gallon Glebe, and 
 Pollakeel, in the parish of Denn. Population, 10,750 ; Pro- 
 testants, 1149. 
 
 122. 3. Belturbet or Lower Loughtec. — The parish of 
 Drum lane ; the parish of Annagh, except the twenty-one 
 townlands included in the new baronies of Stradone and 
 Tullygarvey ; the parish of Tomregan (in Cavan), except the 
 townland of Berrymount; the twelve townlands of Bran- 
 drum, Cam, Cloncose, Clooneen, Cormeen, Drumcase, Drum- 
 erdannan, Glasstown, Gorteen, Gortnacleigh, Kilnacross, and 
 Listiernan, in the parish of Kildallan ; the six townlands of 
 Bofealan, Crossmakelagher, Drumane, Killynaff, Lecharrow- 
 nahone, and Tonyrevan, in the parish of Templeport ; the 
 eight townlands of Bunn, Derrylina, Putiaghan, Upper and 
 Lower, Eivory, Urney, Inishmore, and Inishmuck, in the 
 parish of Urney ; the four townlands of Derrykerrib, Drum- 
 boghanagh Glebe, Goladuff, and Gubdoo, in the parish of 
 Drummully ; and the townlands of Derrysteaton and Gal- 
 loon, in the parish of Galloon. Population, 11,660; Pro- 
 testants, 3253. 
 
 123. 4. Knockninny. — The parish of Kiuawley (in Cavan 
 and Fermanagh), except the four townlands of Dunmakeever,
 
 158 APPENDIX. 
 
 Eshveagh, Tonanilt, and Tullycrafton, excluded from Ulster ; 
 and the parish of Tomregan (in Fermanagh). Population, 
 10,775 ; Protestants, 2740. 
 
 124. 5. Carrigallcn. — The parish of Killashandra ; the 
 parish of Kildallan, except the twelve townlands included 
 in the new barony of Belturbet ; the parish of Carrigallen, 
 except the townlands of Gortermone and South Tully ; the 
 three townlands of Burren, Coologe, and Toberlyan (Duffin), 
 in the parish of Templeport ; the townland of Berrymount, 
 in the parish of Tomregan; and the seven townlands of 
 Cordalea, Derries, Upper and Lower, Gartnanoul, Snakeel, 
 Eonish Island, and Inch Island, in the parish of Kilmore. 
 Population, 13,009 ; Protestants, 4604 
 
 125. 6. Cavan or Upper Loughtee. — The parish of Annagel- 
 liff, except the nine townlands included in the barony of 
 Stradone ; the parish of Castleterra, except the twenty-two 
 townlands included in the barony of Stradone ; the parish 
 of Kilmore, except the seven townlands included in the new 
 barony of Carrigallen ; the parish of Urney, except the eight 
 townlands included in the barony of Belturbet ; the town- 
 lands of Coolnacarrick and Eabrackan, in the parish of Bal- 
 lintemple ; the five townlands of Aghaconny, Cashel, Gort- 
 achurk, Kilmainham, and Mullaghkeel, in the parish of 
 Crosserlough ; the townland of Aghadreenagh, and the eleven 
 townlands of the parish of Denn, which lie in the present 
 barony of Clanmahon. Population, 12,522 ; Protestants, 
 
 3132. 
 
 X. — County of Oriel. 
 
 126. 1. Cremornc — The parish of Aghnamullan, except 
 the forty townlands included in the new baronies of 
 Ballybay, Dartry, and Tullygarvey ; the townlands of Lower 
 and Middle Bocks, in the parish of Donaghmoyne; the 
 twenty-two townlands of Ardragh, Cargaghmore, Cargaghoge, 
 Carrickadooey, Coraghy, Corcreeghagh, Corduff, Cornasas- 
 sonagh, Corrinenty, Corvally, Faraghy, Greaghlane, Greagh- 
 latacapple, Lisacullion, Lisdrumturk, Lisirril, Mullagh- 
 croghery, Ouvry, Raferagh, Shanco, Sreenty, and Ummera-
 
 NEW BARONIES. 159 
 
 free, in the parish of Magheross. Population, 10,2G4 ; 
 Protestants, 1240. 
 
 127. 2. Clanhee. — The parish of Knockbride ; the par- 
 ish of Shercock, except the townlands of Crossmakeelan 
 and Xolagh (half) ; the townlands of Derrynure and 
 Killan, in the parish of Bailieborough, the twenty-seven 
 townlands of Ardmone, Barnagrow, Cashel, Corcloghan, 
 Corleckduff, Coskemduff, Doohallat, Dooreagh, Drokaghbane, 
 Drumaveil South, Drumcondra, Drumlumman, Drutamon, 
 Gallonreagh, Killycleare, Knappagh, Knocknashammer, Lara- 
 weehan, Lisclogher, Lisdoagh, Lisnaclea, Lurganboy, Moy- 
 duff, Mullaghard, Mullan, Ralaghan, and Tonyhull, in the 
 parish of Drumgoon. Population, 9327 ; Protestants, 2468. 
 
 128. 3. Bailieborough. — The parish of Bailieborough, 
 except the townlands of Derrynure and Killan ; the parish 
 of Killinkere, except the townlands of Drumfomina and 
 Drummallaght ; the parish of Moybolgue (in Cavan), and 
 the four townlands of Agheragh, Corgreagh, Lisnaboy, and 
 Teevurcher, in the parish of Moybolgue (in Meath) ; the 
 eight townlands of Carrigagh, Cormeen, Cornaville, North 
 and South, Drumaneber, Fertagh, Leitrim, Upper and 
 Lower, in the parish of Moynalty ; and the townlands of 
 Crossmakeelan, and ISTolagh (half), in the parish of Shercock. 
 Population, 11,217; Protestants, 3065. 
 
 129. 4. Morgallion. — The barony of Morgallion, except 
 the six townlands of the parish of Enniskeen included in 
 the new barony of Kingscourt; the barony of Lower 
 Slane, except the parish of Ardagh ; the parish of Rath- 
 kenny, in the barony of Upper Slane; in the barony of 
 Lower Kells, the parishes of Cruicetown, Enniskeen (except 
 the three townlands included in the new barony of Ivings- 
 court), Kilbeg (except the town and townland of Carlans- 
 town), Kilmainham, Moybolgue (except the four townlands 
 included in tin: new barony of Bailieborough), Nobber and 
 Staholmog; also in the same barony the sixteen townlands 
 of A'j]i;im'ane, Ballymakane, Carrickspringan, Coolnahnich, 
 Corboggy, Feagh, Golashane, Quigelagh; Bathmauoo, Scree-
 
 160 APPENDIX. 
 
 boge, Skearke, Trohanny, Tullyarran, Tullyattin, Tullypole, 
 and Ughtyneill, in the parish of Moynalty. Population, 
 11,599; Protestants, 422. 
 
 130. 5. Kingscourt. — The parish of Enniskeen (in Cavan) ; 
 the nine townlands of Boynabought, Cornacarrow, Corn- 
 ahoova, Corrakerran, Corratober, Drumgill, Dunheeda, 
 Kilnalun, and Kolagh, in the parish of Enniskeen (in 
 Meath) ; the parish of Ardagh (in Meath), except the 
 townland of Cloghreagh ; the six townlands of Crowmartin, 
 Knockaboys, Lagan, Mullabane, Bathgeenan, and Tully, 
 in the parish of Clonkeen (in Louth) ; the townland of 
 Calga, in the parish of Philipstown (barony of Ardee in 
 Louth) ; the parish of Killanny (in Louth) ; the parish of 
 Killanny (in Monaghan), except the twelve townlands 
 included in the new barony of Farney ; the parish of 
 Magheracloone ; the five townlands of Corduff (Kelly), 
 Derrylavan, Drumgoan, Latinalbany, and Magheraboy, in the 
 parish of Magheross. Population, 11,796 ; Protestants, 1070. 
 
 131. 6. Farney. — The parish of Donaghmoyne, except 
 the townlands of Lower and Middle Bocks ; the parish of 
 Magheross, except the twenty-seven townlands included in 
 the new baronies of Cremorne and Kingscourt ; the twelve 
 townlands of Annacroff, Ballingarry, Coolaha, Coolreagh, 
 Coolremony, Dunelty, Garlegobban, Kinallybane, Kinally- 
 duff, Lisnakelly, Eadrumskean, and Stracleen, in the parish 
 of Killanny (County Monaghan) ; the eleven townlands of 
 Annadrumman, Annagleve, Annalittin, Carrickagarvan, Cav- 
 anaguillagh, Clonavogy, Cornalough, Formil, Knockavolis 
 Mullaghanee, and Tullyvin, in the parish of Clontibret. Pop- 
 ulation, 12,946 ; Protestants, 863. 
 
 132. 7. Ujywr Orior. — The parish of Jonesborough (in 
 Louth and Armagh) ; the parish of Forkill, except the town- 
 land of Lisnalee ; the twenty-four townlands of Aghadavoyle, 
 Aghayalloge, Aghmakane, Annaghcloghmullin, Annahaia, 
 Ballard, Ballinliss, Ballintemple, Ballynalack, Ballymacder- 
 mot Carrickbroad, Carricknagalliagh, Carrivemaclone, Clog- 
 hoge, Clonlum, Cloutygora, Drumintee, Ellisholding, Killeen,
 
 NEW BARONIES. 161 
 
 Lislea, Meigh, Newtown, Seafin, and Tamnaghbane, in the 
 parish of Killevy; and the townlands of Upper and Lower 
 Fathom, in the parish of Newiy. Population, 12,781 ; Pro- 
 testants, 792. 
 
 133. 8. Upper Fetvs. — The parish of Creggan (in Armagh), 
 except the five townlands of Cullyhanna, Big and Little, Drum- 
 lougher, Teer, and Teer Island ; the parishes of Kane and 
 Eoche ; and the townlands of Dungooly and Lurgankeel in the 
 parish of Faughart. Population, 9900 ; Protestants, 538. 
 
 134. 9. Carlingford. — The parishes of Carlingford and 
 Ballyboys ; the parish of Ballymascanlan, except the sixteen 
 townlands included in the barony of East Louth ; and the 
 townland of Bellurgan, in the parish of Castletown. Popula- 
 tion, 10,288 ; Protestants, 1006. 
 
 135. 10. East Louth. — The parishes of Ballybarrack, 
 Castletown (except the townland of Bellurgan), Clonkeehan, 
 Darver, Dromiskin, Dunbin, Dundalk (outside the town), 
 Hoggardstown, Haynestown (except the townland of Eath- 
 roal), and Mansfieldstown ; the parish of Faughart, except the 
 two townlands included in the new barony of Upper Fews ; 
 the sixteen townlands of Aghaboys, Aghnaskeagh, Bally- 
 mascanlan, Broughattin, Carrickaneena, Culfore, Drumna- 
 carra, Drumnasillagh, Faughart, Upper and Lower, Kilcurry, 
 Monascreebe, Navan, Proleek, Proleek Acres, and Whitemill, 
 in the parish of Ballymascanlan ; and the townlands of New- 
 townfane and Eossmakay, in the parish of Louth. Popula- 
 tion, 8775 ; Protestants, 576. 
 
 136. 11. West Louth. — The parishes of Barronstown, 
 Creggan (in Louth), Innishkeen (in Louth and Monaghan), 
 Killincoole, Louth (except the townlands of Newtownfane 
 and Eossmakay), Philipstown in Louth barony, Philipstown 
 in Ardee barony (except the townland of Calga), and Tallans- 
 town ; also the townland of Eathroal, in the parish of Haynes- 
 town. Population, 9477 ; Protestants, 385. 
 
 137. 12. Ardee. — The parishes of Ardee, Cappoge, 
 Charlestown, Collon, Dromin, Gernonstown, Kildemock, Kil- 
 saran, Mapastown, Mosstown, Eichardstown, Shanlis, Smar- 
 
 L
 
 162 APPENDIX. 
 
 more, Stabannan, and Stickillin ; and tbe parish of Clonkeen 
 except the six townlands of Crowmartin, Knockaboys, Lagan, 
 Mullaghbane, Eathgeenan, and Tully. Population, 11,060; 
 Protestants, 776. 
 
 138. 13. Ferrard. — The present barony of Drogheda ; the 
 present barony of Ferrard, excluding the parish of Collon, 
 and the parish of Tullyallen (except the townland of Newtown 
 Stalaban) ; the parish of Drumcar, in the present barony of 
 Ardee. Population, 11,109 ; Protestants, 532. 
 
 XL — County of Fingal. 
 
 139. 1. Slane. — The barony of Upper Slane, except the 
 parish of Eathkenny ; the parishes of Ardmulchan, Athlum- 
 ney, Brownstown, Danestown, Dowdstown, Follistown, Kil- 
 carn, Lismullin, Monkstown, Skreen, Staffordstown, Tara, and 
 Templekeeran, in the barony of Skreen ; in the barony of 
 Lower Duleek, the parishes of Danestown, Donore (except 
 the townland of Cruicerath), Fennor, Kentstown, Knock- 
 common, and Painestown, with the seven townlands of 
 Corballis, Drumman, Kellystown, Lougher, Bahill, Bed- 
 mountain, and Boughgrange, in the parish of Duleek ; in the 
 barony of Lower Navan, the parish of Dunmoe and the parish 
 of Donaghmore, except the town of Navan and the three town- 
 lands of Nevinstown, Bathaldron, and Windtown ; in the 
 county of Louth the parish of Tullyallen, except the townland 
 of Newtown Stalaban. Population, 10,663 ; Protestants, 735. 
 
 140. 2. Duleek — The barony of Upper Duleek ; the 
 barony of Lower Duleek, except the parts included in the new 
 barony of Slane ; the parishes of Cushinstown, Kilmoon, 
 Macetown, Ptathfeigh, and Timoole, in the barony of Skreen ; 
 and the parishes of Ballymadun and Garristown, in the barony 
 of Balrothery West. Population, 10,104 ; Protestants, 438. 
 
 141. 3. Balrothery. — The present barony of Balrothery 
 East, except the twenty-four townlands of the parish of Lusk 
 included in the new barony of Nethercross ; and the parishes 
 of Grallagh, Hollywood, and Naul, in the barony of Balrothery 
 West. Population, 11,666 ; Protestants, 893.
 
 NEW BARONIES. 163 
 
 142. 4. Nebhweross. — The present barony of Nethercross ; 
 in the barony of Balrothery West, the parishes of Ballyboghil, 
 donmethan, Palmerstown, and Westpalstown ; in the barony 
 of Balrothery East the twenty-four townlands of Annsbrook, 
 Balleally, East and West, Betty ville, Bridetree, Broomfield, 
 Cold winters, Colecot, Cordnff, Corduff Common, Cordnff Hall, 
 Corduff (Hackett), Deanestown, Gracedieu, Irishtown, New- 
 haggard, Newtowncorduff, Piichardstown, Staffordstown, 
 Staflbrdstown Turvey, Thomondtown, Tnrvey, Wimbletown, 
 and Woodpark, in the parish of Lusk ; in the present barony 
 of Coolock, the parishes of Baldoyle, Balgriffin, Cloghran, 
 Kinsaley, Malahide, Portmarnock, St Margaret's and Swords, 
 with the parish of Santry, except the four townlands in- 
 cluded in the new barony of Coolock ; in the barony of 
 Castleknock, the parish of Ward; the three townlands of 
 Hunstown, Johnstown, and Mitchelstown, in the parish of 
 Castleknock; and the ten townlands of Baleskin, Bishops- 
 wood, Broghan, Charlestown, Coldwinters, Glebe, Kilshane, 
 Poppintree, Shallon, and Stockens, in the parish of Einglas. 
 Population, 9833 ; Protestants, 1090. 
 
 143. 5. Dunboyne. — The present baronies of Dunboyne 
 and Ratoath ; the barony of Upper Deece, except the parishes 
 of Agher and Rathcore ; in the barony of Lower Deece, the 
 parishes of Derrypatrick, Kiltale, and Knockmark; in the 
 barony of Skreen, the parishes of Dunsany, Killeen, and 
 Trevet ; in the barony of Castleknock, the parishes of Clon- 
 silla, Cloghran, and Mulhuddart ; the townland of Cruiserath 
 in the parish of Finglas; and the parish of Castleknock, 
 except the six townlands included in the baronies of Kilmain- 
 ham and Nethercross. Population, 11,804 ; Protestants, 934. 
 
 144. 6. Kilmainham, — In the barony of Castleknock, the 
 parishes of Chapelizod, St James, and St Jude, the parish of 
 Finglas, except the eleven townlands included in the new 
 baronies of Dunboyne and Nethercross ; and the three town- 
 lands of Cabragh, I'elletstown, and Phoenix Park, in the parish 
 of Castleknock ; in the barony of Uppercross, the parishes of 
 St Catherine, St James, and St Jude ; in the barony of Coo-
 
 164 APPENDIX. 
 
 lock, the parish of Grangegorman, and the six townlands 
 of Botanic Garden, Prospect, Slutsend, Tolka Park, and Vio- 
 lethill, Great and Little, in the parish of Glasnevin. Popula- 
 tion, 14,500 ; Protestants, 4360. 
 
 145. 7. Coolock or Howth. — In the present barony of 
 Coolock, the parishes of Artaine, Clontarf, Coolock, Howth, 
 Kilbarrack, Killester, and Eaheny ; the parish of Clonturk, 
 excluding the town of Drumcondra ; the parish of Glasnevin 
 excluding the town of Drumcondra and the six townlands 
 included in the new barony of Kilmainham ; and in the 
 parish of Santry, the four townlands of Balbutcher, Santry, 
 Santry Demesne, and Stormanstown. Population, 10,205 ; 
 Protestants, 2869. 
 
 Wards of the County and Borough of New Dublin. 
 
 1. Rathmines. — Those parts of the parishes of Eathfarnham, 
 St Nicholas, and St Peter, which lie in the township of Bath- 
 mines and Eathgar. Population, 22,795 ; Protestants, 11,953. 
 
 2. Donnyhrook. — The parishes of St Bartholomew and 
 Donnybrook (outside Dublin Harbour Parliamentary Divi- 
 sion) ; that part of St Peter's which lies within Pembroke 
 Township ; and so much of Taney as lies within the Grand 
 Duchy. Population, 19,632 ; Protestants, 8781. 
 
 3. Kingstown. — The parishes of Booterstown, Dalkey, Kil- 
 macud, Monkstown, and Stillorgan ; those parts of the parish 
 of Kill which lie within the townships of Dalkey and Kings- 
 town ; and the townlands of Galloping Green North, and 
 Newtownpark, also in the parish of Kill. Population, 32,696; 
 Protestants, 11,016. 
 
 Wards of the City of Londonderry. 
 
 1. East. — The present East Ward. Population, 8755 ; Pro- 
 testants, 4411. 
 
 2. North.— The present North Ward. Population, 9238; 
 Protestants, 4011. 
 
 3. South. — The present South Ward. Population, 11,169; 
 Protestants, 4667.
 
 NEW BAEONIES. 165 
 
 Wards of the City of Belfast. 
 
 1. Cromac. — The present Cro-mac Ward (12 members). 
 Population, 49,916 ; Protestants, 39,616. 
 
 2. Dock. — The present Dock Ward (6 members). Popula- 
 tion, 32,523 ; Protestants, 21,860. 
 
 3. St Anne's. — The present St Anne's Ward (12 members). 
 Population, 50,204 ; Protestants, 39,481. 
 
 4. St Georges. — The present St George's Ward (10 mem- 
 bers). Population, 45,125 ; Protestants, 27,306. 
 
 5. Smithfield. — The present Smithfield Ward (6 members). 
 Population, 30,354; Protestants, 19,884. 
 
 6. Lisbum. — The town of Lisburn (2 members). Popula- 
 tion, 10,755 ; Protestants, 8450. 
 
 7. Lurgan. — The town of Lurgan (2 members). Popula- 
 tion, 10,135 ; Protestants, 6651. 
 
 8. Newry. — The town of Newry (2 members). Population, 
 14,808 ; Protestants, 4998. 
 
 9. Dundalk. — The town of Dundalk (2 members). Popu- 
 lation, 11,913 ; Protestants, 2058. 
 
 10. Drogheda. — The county of the town of Drogheda (2 
 members). Population, 12,297 ; Protestants, 984. 
 
 SUMMARY OF ULSTER. 
 
 Antrim, 
 
 Down, 
 
 North . 
 Middle . 
 South 
 
 Population. 
 
 75,144 
 67,799 
 
 74,825 
 
 Roman 
 
 Catholics. 
 
 22,879 
 13,840 
 11,671 
 
 Pro- 
 testants. 
 
 52,265 
 53,959 
 63,154 
 
 
 217,768 
 
 69,759 
 73,167 
 71,832 
 
 48,390 
 
 169,378 
 
 North 
 
 West 
 
 South or East . 
 
 5,405 
 26,730 
 33,806 
 
 64,354 
 46,437 
 38,026 
 
 
 214,758 
 
 65,941 
 
 148,817
 
 166 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Armagh, East 
 West 
 
 Population. 
 
 71,580 
 74,398 
 
 Roman 
 
 Catholics. 
 
 22,894 
 34,626 
 
 Pro- 
 testants. 
 
 48,686 
 39,772 
 
 
 145,978 
 
 57,520 
 
 88,458 
 
 Tyrone, North 
 
 71,317 
 
 35,559 
 
 35,758 
 
 East 
 
 78,131 
 
 32,019 
 
 46,112 
 
 South 
 
 79,520 
 
 36,449 
 
 43,071 
 
 Middle . 
 
 78,929 
 
 50,333 
 
 28,596 
 
 West 
 
 72,888 
 
 36,025 
 
 36,863 
 
 
 380,785 
 
 190,385 
 60,467 
 
 190,400 
 
 Tyrconnel, North or Lower 
 
 77,536 
 
 17,069 
 
 South or Upper 
 
 84,992 
 
 72,565 
 
 12,427 
 
 
 162,528 
 
 133,032 
 
 58,128 
 
 29,496 
 
 Oriel, Upper 
 
 67,256 
 
 9,128 
 
 Lower 
 
 73,390 
 
 68,785 
 
 4,605 
 
 
 140,646 
 
 126,913 
 
 13,733 
 
 East Brefney . 
 
 70,468 
 
 52,336 
 
 18,132 
 
 Fermanagh 
 
 71,576 
 
 35,322 
 
 36,254 
 
 Monaghan 
 
 78,177 
 
 52,498 
 
 25,679 
 
 Fingal .... 
 
 78,775 
 
 67,458 
 
 11,317 
 
 Belfast, North 
 
 73,778 
 
 22,935 
 
 50,843 
 
 East 
 
 79,247 
 
 35,314 
 
 43,933 
 
 South . 
 
 72,925 
 
 22,694 
 
 50,231 
 
 West 
 
 75,479 
 
 28,289 
 
 47,190 
 
 
 301,429 
 75,123 
 
 109,232 
 
 192,187 
 
 New Dublin . 
 
 43,373 
 
 31,750 
 
 Note. — The numbers of Roman Catholics and Protestants are only approxi- 
 mate in most cases, but the limits of possible variation are very narrow.
 
 NEW COUNTIES. 167 
 
 SCHEDULE III. 
 NEW COUNTIES. 
 
 1. Antrim. — (a) The present county, excluding the munic- 
 ipal boroughs of Belfast and Lisburn, the parish of Drunibeg, 
 and that part of the parish of Shankill which lies in the 
 barony of Upper Belfast. 
 
 (b) The county of the town of Carrickfergus. 
 Population, 217,768 ; Protestants, 169,378. 
 
 2. Armagh. — (a) The present county, excluding the parish 
 of Creggan (except the five townlands of Cullyhanna, Big and 
 Little, Drumlougher, Teer, and Teer Island), the parish of 
 Eorkill (except the townland of Lisnalee), the parish of 
 Jonesborough, the townlands of Upper and Lower Fathom in 
 the parish of Newry, the twenty-four townlands of Aghada- 
 voyle, Aghayalloge, Aghmakane, Annaghcloghmullin, Anna- 
 haia, Ballard, Ballinliss, Ballintemple, Ballymacclermot, Bally- 
 nalack, Carrickbroad, Carricknagalliagh, Carrivemaclone, 
 Cloghoge, Clonlum, Clontygora, Drumintee, Ellisholding, 
 Killeen, Lislea, Meigh, Newtown, Seafin, and Tamnaghbane, 
 in the parish of Killevy, and the municipal boroughs of 
 Lurgan and Newry. 
 
 (b) In the county of Down, the parish of Shankill, the 
 parish of Tullylish (except the townland of Lenaderg), and 
 the townlands of Corcreeny and Cornreany, in the parish of 
 Donaghcloney. 
 
 (c) In the county of Tyrone, the five townlands of Annagh- 
 naboe, Aughamullan, Derryloughan, Derrytresk, and Drum- 
 murrer, in the parish of Clonoe. 
 
 (d) In the county of Monaghan, the parish of Muckno, 
 and the four townlands of Annahale, Concra, Corragarta, and 
 Drumcrew, in the parish of Clontibret. 
 
 Population, 145,978 ; ProtestaDts, 88,458.
 
 168 APPENDIX. 
 
 3. Belfast. — (a) The municipal borough of Belfast. 
 
 (b) The towns of Dundalk, Lisburn, Lurgan, and Newry. 
 
 (c) The new barony of Ligoniel in County Antrim, com- 
 prising the parish of Drumbo, and that part of the parish of 
 Shankill (outside the borough) which lies in the barony of 
 Upper Belfast. 
 
 (d) The new barony of Holywood in County Down, com- 
 prising the parish of Holywood, except the six townlands of 
 Ballycultan, Ballydavey, Ballygrainey, Ballymenagh, Bally- 
 robert, and Craigavad, and the parish of Knockbreda, except 
 the four townlands of Ballydollaghan, Gilnahirk, Gortgrib, 
 and Tullycarnet. 
 
 (e) The new barony of Ballyshannon in the counties of 
 Donegal and Fermanagh, comprising the parishes of Belleek 
 and Kilbarron, together with the town of Ballyshannon and 
 the thirty-three townlands of Ardees, Upper and Lower, 
 Ardgart, Ardloughill, Ballyhanna, Ballymunterhiggin, Barr 
 of Slawin, Brollagh, Callagheen, Carran, Beg and More, 
 Carrickboy, Carrigolagh, Corgary, Cornahaltie, Corry, Derry- 
 nacross, Derrynameo, Drumataffan, Drumbadreevagh, Drum- 
 lisaleen, Dunmuckrum, Farrancassidy, Fassagh, Gortnalee, 
 Killy Beg, Laughill, Lergan, Manger, Moneendogue, Port- 
 nason, Bosscor, and Slawin, with the adjacent islands in the 
 parish of Innismacsaint. 
 
 (/) The county of the town of Drogheda. 
 Population, 301,429; Protestants, 192,197. 
 
 4. Down. — The present county, excluding the parts already 
 described as included in the new counties of Armagh and 
 Belfast. 
 
 Population, 214,758 ; Protestants, 148,817. 
 
 5. East Brefney or Cccvan. — (a) All that part of the pres- 
 ent county which is included within the Grand Duchy, ex- 
 cept the parishes of Bailieborough, Enniskeen, Killinkere, 
 Knockbride, Moybolgue, Mullagh, and Shercock, and the 
 twenty-five townlands of Ardmone, Barnagrow, Cashel, Cor-
 
 NEW COUNTIES. 169 
 
 cloghan, Corleckduff, Coskemduff, Doohallat, Dooreagh, Drok- 
 aghbane, Drumaveil South, Druincondra, Drumlumman, 
 Drutamon, Gallonreagh, Killycleare, Knappagh, Knockna- 
 shammer, Laraweehan, Lisclogher, Lisdoagh, Lisnaclea, Lur- 
 ganboy, Moyduff, Mullaghard, Mullan, Ralaghan, and Tony- 
 hull, in the parish of Drumgoon, hereafter enumerated as 
 included in the new county of Oriel. 
 
 (b) In the county of Fermanagh, the parishes of Kinawley 
 and Tomregan ; the four townlands of Derrykerrib, Drum- 
 boghanagh Glebe, Goladuff, and Gubdoo, in the parish of 
 Drummully ; and the townlands of Derrysteaton and Gal- 
 loon in the parish of Galloon. 
 
 (c) In the county of Monaghan, the eighteen townlands of 
 Clonacullion, Cormeen, Corsilloga, Cortannel, Drumlood,Eden- 
 brone, Gortlanna, Killyliss," Leagh, Lisnagalliagh, Lisnalong, 
 Money, Mountain Lodge, Mount Carmel, Moylemore, Moyle- 
 muck, Eaw, and Tattybrack, in the parish of Aughnamullan. 
 
 (d) In the county of Leitrim, the parish of Carrigallen, 
 except the townlands of Gortermone and South Tully. 
 
 Population, 70,468 ; Protestants, 18,132. 
 
 6. Fermanagh. — (a) In the present county, the entire 
 baronies of Magherastephana and Tirkennedy ; the barony 
 of Lurg, except the parish of Belleek ; the barony of Clan- 
 awley, except the parish of Kinawley, and the three town- 
 lands of the parish of Boho excluded from the Grand Duchy ; 
 the barony of Magheraboy, except the portions of the parishes 
 of Devenish and Innismacsaint excluded from the Grand 
 Duchy, and except the twenty-seven townlands of Innismac- 
 saint included in the new barony of Ballyshannon and county 
 of Belfast. 
 
 (b) In the county of Donegal, the parish of Templecarn, 
 and the parish of Drumhome, except the three townlands of 
 Barnesyneilly, Copany, and Sraness. 
 
 (c) In the county of Tyrone, the parishes of Kilskeery and 
 Magheracross. 
 
 Population, 71,576 ; Protestants, 36,254.
 
 170 APPENDIX. 
 
 7. Fincjal. — (a) In the county of Dublin, the baronies of 
 Balrothery, East and West, Castleknock, and Nethercross ; 
 the barony of Coolock, except the township of Drumcondra ; 
 also in the barony of Uppercross, the parishes of St Catherine, 
 St James, and St Jude. 
 
 (b) In the county of Meath, the baronies of Duleek, Upper 
 and Lower, Dunboyne, Eatoath, and Skreen ; the barony of 
 Upper Slane, except the parish of Rathkenny ; the barony of 
 Upper Deece, except the parishes of Agher and Rathcore ; the 
 parishes of Derrypatrick, Kiltale, and Knockmark, in the 
 barony of Lower Deece ; and in the barony of Lower Navan, 
 the parish of Dunmoe, and the parish of Donaghmore, except 
 the town of Navan, and the three townlands of Nevinstown, 
 Eathalldron, and Windtown. 
 
 (c) In the county of Louth, the parish of Tullyallen, 
 except the townland of Newtown Stalaban. 
 
 Population, 78,775; Protestants, 11,317. 
 
 8. Monaghan. — (a) In the present county, the baronies of 
 Dartrey, Monaghan, and Trough ; the parish of Bally bay ; the 
 parish of Clontibret, except the fifteen townlands of Anna- 
 drumman, Annagleve, Annahale, Annalittin, Carrickagarvan, 
 Cavanaguillagh, Clonavogy, Concra, Cornalough, Corragarta, 
 Drumcrew, Formil, Knockavolis, Mullaghanee, and Tullyvin ; 
 also the twenty - two townlands of Aughnamullan, Anny, 
 Bowelk, Clossagh Beg, Clossagh More, Cordevlis, Corfad, 
 Corkeeran, Corraskea, Corryhagan, Cumry, Derryroosk, 
 Drumfaldra, Drumskelt, Keenogbane, Keenogduff, Lisgillan, 
 Lisgorran, Monintin, Mullanagore, Mullanary Glebe, and 
 Tamlat, in the parish of Aughnamullan. 
 
 (b) In the county of Fermanagh, the baronies of Clankelly 
 and Coole, except the townlands of Derrysteaton and Galloon, 
 in the parish of Galloon, and the four townlands of Derry- 
 kerrib, Drumboghanagh Glebe, Goladuff, and Gubdoo, in the 
 parish of Drummully. 
 
 (c) In the county of Tyrone, the parish of Errigal Trough. 
 Population, 78,177 ; Protestants, 25,679.
 
 NEW COUNTIES. 171 
 
 9. Xtir Dublin. — In the county of Dublin, the parishes of 
 Booterstovvn, Dalkey, Kilmacucl, Monkstown, St Bartholomew, 
 St Nicholas, St Peter, and Stillorgan ; the parish of Donny- 
 brook, except the portion included in the Dublin Harbour 
 Parliamentary Division ; in the parish of Eathfarnham, the 
 township of Eathmines and Eathgar ; in the parish of 
 Tanev, the town of Clonskeagh and the seven townlands of 
 Friarland, Mount Anville, Mount-Merrion, Mount-Merrion 
 South, Eoebuck in Dublin Barony, Eoebuck in Eathdown 
 Barony, and Trimleston ; and in the parish of Kill, the town of 
 Kingstown, and the townlands of Galloping Green North 
 and Newtonpark. 
 
 Population, 75,123 ; Protestants, 31,750. 
 
 10. Oriel. — (a) The county of Louth, excluding the town 
 of Dundalk and the parish of Tullyallen (except the townland 
 of Newtown Stalaban). \_N.B. — The town of Drogheda is a 
 county in itself not included in Louth.] 
 
 (b) In the county of Armagh, the parish of Jonesborough ; 
 the parish of Forkill (except the townland of Lisnalee ; the 
 parish of Creggan (except the five townlands of Cullyhanna, 
 Big and Little, Drumlougher, Teer, and Teer Island) ; the 
 townlands of Upper and Lower Fathom, in the parish of 
 Newry ; and the twenty-four townlands of Aghadavoyle, 
 Aghayalloge, Aghmakane, Annaghcloghmullin, Annahaia, Bal- 
 lard, Ballinliss, Ballintemple, Ballymacdermot, Ballynalack, 
 Carrickbroad, Carricknagalliagh, Carrivemaclone, Cloghoge, 
 Clonlum, Clontygora, Drumintee, Ellisholding, Killeen, Lislea, 
 Meigh, Newtown, Seafin, and Tamnaghbane, in the parish of 
 Killevy. 
 
 (c) In the county of Monaghan, the barony of Farney ; the 
 parish of Aughnarnullan (except the forty townlands included 
 in the new counties of Monaghan and East Brefney) ; and 
 the eleven townlands of Annadrumman, Annagleve, Anna- 
 littin, Carrickagarvan, Cavanaguillagh, Clonavogy, Cornalough, 
 Formil, Knockavolis, Mullaghanee, and Tullyvin, in the 
 parish of Clontibret.
 
 172 APPENDIX. 
 
 (d) In the county of Cavan, the parishes of Bailieborough, 
 Enniskeen, Killinkere, Knockbride, Moybolgue, Mullagh, and 
 Shercock, so far as included in the Grand Duchy ; and the 
 twenty - seven townlands of Ardmone, Barnagrow, Cashel, 
 Corcloghan, Corleckduff, Coskemduff, Doohallat, Dooreagh, 
 Drokaghbane, Drumaveil South, Drumcondra, Drumlumman, 
 Drutamon, Gallonreagh, Killycleare, Knappagh, Knockna- 
 shammer, Laraweehan, Lisclogher, Lisdoagh, Lisnaclea, Lur- 
 ganboy, Moyduff, Mullaghard, Mullan, Balaghan, and Tony- 
 hull, in the parish of Drumgoon. 
 
 (e) In the county of Meath, the baronies of Morgallion 
 and Lower Slane, and so much of the barony of Lower Kells 
 as is included in the Grand Duchy ; also the parish of Iiath- 
 kenny in the barony of Upper Slane. 
 
 Population, 140,646 ; Protestants, 13,733. 
 
 11. Tyrone. — (a) The present county of Tyrone, except the 
 parishes of Errigal Trough, Kilskeery, and Magheracross ; 
 and the five townlands of Annaghnaboe, Aughnamullan, 
 Derryloughan, Derrytresk, and Drummarrer, in the parish 
 of Clonoe. 
 
 (&) The entire county of Londonderry. 
 
 (c) In the county of Donegal, the barony of North Eaphoe 
 (except the parish of Leek, and the four townlands of Black- 
 repentance, Carrickbrack, and Kousky, Upper and Lower) ; in 
 the barony of South Eaphoe, the parish of Urney, the three 
 townlands of Calhame, Cornagillagh, and Treanboy, in the 
 parish of Convoy, and the town of Castlefinn, with the 
 thirty-nine townlands of Ballybun, Blairstown, Breaghy, Cam- 
 owen, Carranadore, Carrick, Carricknashane, Cashelin, Castle- 
 finn, Cloghard, Corcullin, Demesne, Donaghmore Glebe, 
 Dooghan, Drummurphy, Dungorman, Gortfad, Gortnamuck, 
 Grahamsland, Knockrawe, Leaght, Liscooly, Lisnabert, Lis- 
 namulligan, Magheraboy, Magherareagh, Magherashanvally, 
 Meenavony, Mullanboy, Eaws, Upper and Lower, Scotland, 
 Sessiagh, Sessiagh (Allison), Sessiagh (Long), Stranamuck, 
 Tawnacrom, Tirinisk, and Tirnagushhoge, in the parish of
 
 NEW COUNTIES. 173 
 
 Donaghmore ; and in the the barony of Innishowen West, the 
 parishes of Burt and Muff and the nine townlands of Birds- 
 town Demesne, Carnashannagh, Crislaghmore, Drumadooey, 
 Fahan Level,Garvady, Gortnaskea, Monreagh, and Tievebane, 
 in the parish of Upper Fahan. 
 
 Population, 380,785 ; Protestants, 190,400. 
 
 12. Tyrconncl. — The present county of Donegal, except the 
 portions included in the new counties of Belfast, Fermanagh, 
 and Tyrone. 
 
 Population, 162,528; Protestants, 29,496. 
 
 13. Annaly. — (a) The present county of Longford, except 
 the parish of Mohill. 
 
 (b) In the county of Cavan, the parishes of Drumlumman 
 and Scrabby ; the parish of Ballintemple, except the town- 
 lands of Coolnacarrick and Rabrackan ; and the seven town- 
 lands of Clonmult, Drumakineo, Drumnalaragh, Keelclerry, 
 and Tedeehan Upper, Middle, and Lower, in the parish of 
 Crosserlough. 
 
 (c) In the county of Leitrim, the townlands of Gortermone 
 and South Tully, in the parish of Carrigallen. 
 
 (d) In the county of Westmeath, the barony of Kilkenny 
 West ; the parish of Ballymore ; and the town of Ballymore 
 in the parish of Killare. 
 
 Population, 77,868 ; Protestants, 6506. 
 
 14. Carloiv. — (a) The present county, except the barony 
 of Lower St Mullins. 
 
 (b) In the county of Kildare, the barony of Kilkea and 
 Moone; the parishes of Moone, Tankardstown, Timolin, and 
 CTsk; the parish of Narraghmore, so far as contained in the 
 barony of Narragh and Reban East ; and the townlands of 
 Ballintoggart and Colbinstown, in the parish of Davidstown. 
 
 (c) In Queen's County, the barony of Slievemargy ; and 
 the parishes of Killabban, Monksgrange, Rathaspick, and 
 Tankardstown, in the barony of Ballyadams.
 
 174 APPENDIX. 
 
 (d) In the county of "Wexford and barony of Scarawalsh, 
 the parishes of Ballycarney, Kilrush. Moyacomb, Newtown- 
 barry, Templeshanbo, and Monart (except the six townlands 
 of Carrigabruse, Cherryorchard, Daphney, Forgelands, Lyre, 
 and Shingann) ; and the nine townlands of Askinvillar, Upper 
 and Lower, Ballmlug, East and West, Bantry Commons (\), 
 Blackstairs Commons (J), Greenan, Springmount, and Wood- 
 brook Demesne, in the parish of Killann and barony of 
 
 Bantry. 
 
 (e) In the county of Wicklow, the barony of Upper Tal- 
 
 botstown ; the parishes of Aghowle, Ardoyne, Crecrin, Donard, 
 Dunlavin, Liscolman, and Moyacomb ; the three townlands 
 of Ballingate, and Ballingate, Upper and Lower, in the parish 
 of Carnew ; and the townland of Lower Mullycagh, in the 
 parish of Hollywood. 
 
 Population, 82,814 ; Protestants, 10,486. 
 
 15. Kildarc. — (a) In the present county, the baronies of 
 Clane, Connell, Ikeathy, and Oughterany, Kilcullen, Naas, 
 North and South, and Salt, North and South ; the barony of 
 East Offaly, except the parishes of Cloncurry, Grangeclare, 
 Lullymore, Rathangan, and Thomastown, and the three town- 
 lands of Knocknagalliagh, Moorestown, and Rathwalkin, in 
 the parish of Kildare ; in the barony of West Offaly, the 
 parishes of Ballyshannon, Fontstown, Kilrush, and Nurney, 
 the townland of Clarey in the parish of Harristown, and the 
 townland of Lower Walterstown in the parish of Walters- 
 town ; in the barony of Narragh and Reban West, the parish 
 of Narraghniore ; in the barony of Narragh and Reban East, 
 the parishes of Fontstown, and of Davidstown (except the 
 townlands of Ballintaggart and Colbinstown). 
 
 (b) In the present county of Dublin, the barony of New- 
 castle ; the barony of Uppercross, except the parishes of 
 Donnybrook, St Catherine, St James, St Jude, St Nicholas, 
 and St Peter ; in the barony of Rathdown, the parish of 
 Whitechurch, and the parishes of Rathfarnham and Taney, 
 so far as not included in the county of New Dublin.
 
 NEW COUNTIES. 175 
 
 (c) Iii the present county of Wicklow, the barony of 
 Lower Talbotstown, except the parishes of Donard and Dun- 
 lavin, and the townland of Lower Mullycagh in the parish 
 of Hollywood. 
 
 Population, 76,608; Protestants, 11,410. 
 
 16. Kinsdlagh.—{a) In the present county of Wexford, 
 the baronies of Ballaghkeen South, Bantry, Bargay, Shelburne, 
 and Shellmalier, East and West ; the barony of Forth, except 
 the municipal borough of Wexford ; the barony of Bantry, 
 except the nine townlands of the parish of Killann included 
 in the county of Carlow ; and in the barony of Scarawalsh, 
 the parishes of Enniscorthy and Templeshannon, and the six 
 townlands of Carrigbruse, Cherryorchard, Daphney, Forge- 
 lands, Lyre, and Shingann, in the parish of Monart. 
 
 (b) In the county of Carlow, the barony of Lower St 
 Mulliiis. 
 
 Population, 81,418 ; Protestants, 5033. 
 
 17. King's County. — (a) In King's county, the present bar- 
 onies of Ballyboy, Ballybrit, Eglish, Garrycastle, and Ivil- 
 coursey ; the barony of Clonlisk, except the parish of 
 Borrisnafarney ; in the barony of Ballycowan, the parish 
 of Italian, and the townland of Doory in the parish of 
 Durrow. 
 
 (b) In Queen's County (present), the parish of Kilmanman. 
 
 (c) In the present county of Koscommon, the town of 
 Athlone. 
 
 (d) In the present county of Tipperary, the parishes of 
 Aglishcloghane, Ardcrony, Ballingarry, Borrisokane, Clogh- 
 prior, Dorrha, Finnoe, Kilbarron, Lorrha, Loughkeen, Mod- 
 reeny, Terryglass, and Uskane, in the barony of Lower 
 Ormond ; also the parishes of Corbally, Cullenwaine, liatlina- 
 veoge, and Iioscrea ; the parish of Bourney, except the town- 
 lands of Borrisnoe and Coolgarran, and the townland of 
 Gortnagowna, in the parish of Killavinoge, all in the barony 
 of ikerrin.
 
 176 APPENDIX. 
 
 (e) In the county of Westmeath, the baronies of Brawny 
 and Clonlonan ; and the parish of Kilcumreragh, in the parish 
 of Moycashel. 
 
 Population, 82,605 ; Protestants, 10,488. 
 
 18. Meath. — (a) The present county, except the parts in- 
 cluded in the new counties of Fingal and Oriel ; and the 
 parishes of Ballyboggan, Castlejordan, Clonard, and Killyon, 
 in the barony of Upper Moyfenrath (transferred to the new 
 county of Westmeath). 
 
 (b) In the present county of Cavan, the entire parishes of 
 Bally machugh, Castlerahan, Kilbride, Loughan, Lurgan, and 
 Munterconnaught ; and the parishes of Crosserlough, Denn, 
 Killinkere, Lavey, and Mullagh, so far as not included in the 
 new counties of Annaly, East Brefney, and Oriel. 
 
 (c) In the present county of Westmeath, the baronies of 
 Delvin and Fore, excluding the parish of Mayne, and all the 
 townlands of the parish of Faughalstown except Ballybeg 
 and Derrynagarragh. 
 
 Population, 80,094 ; Protestants, 7001. 
 
 19. Ossory. — The present county, except the municipal 
 borough of Kilkenny, and the parishes of Abbeyleix, Atta- 
 nagh, Durrow, Kilmenan, and Eosconnel. 
 
 Population, 86,332 ; Protestants, 4021. 
 
 20. Queen's County. — (a) The present county, except the 
 barony of Slievemargy ; the parishes of Killalban, Monks- 
 grange, Eathaspick, and Tankardstown, in the barony of 
 Ballyadams ; and the parish of Kilmanman in the barony of 
 Tinnahinch. 
 
 (b) In King's County (present), the barony of Upper 
 Philipstown, and the parish of Clonsast. 
 
 (c) In the present county of Kildare, the barony of Nar- 
 ragh and Eeban West, except the parish of Narraghmore ; 
 the barony of West Offaly, except the parishes of Bally- 
 shannon, Fontstown, Kilrush, and Nurney, the townland of
 
 NEW COUNTIES. 
 
 / i 
 
 Clarey, in the parish of Harristown, and the townland of 
 Lower Walterstown, in the parish of Walterstown ; also 
 in the barony of East Ofialy, the parishes of Cloncurry, 
 Grangeclare, Lnllymore, Rathangan, and Thomastown ; and 
 the three townlands of Knocknagalliagh, Moorestown, and 
 Bathwalkin, in the parish of Kildare. 
 
 (d) In the present comity of Kilkenny, the parishes of 
 Abbeyleix, Attanagh, Durrow, Kilmenan, and Eosconnel. 
 
 Population, 83,658 ; Protestants, 10,085. 
 
 21. Westmeath. — (a) The present county, except the parts 
 included in the new counties of Annaly, King's County, and 
 Meath. 
 
 (b) In the present King's County, the baronies of Geas- 
 hill, Lower Philipstown, and Warrenstown ; the barony of 
 Ballycowan, except the parish of Rahan, and the townland of 
 Doory in the parish of Durrow. 
 
 (c) In the present county of Meath, the barony of Moy- 
 fenrath, except the parish of Castlerickard. 
 
 (d) In the present county of Kildare, the barony of Car- 
 bury. 
 
 Population, 72,306 ; Protestants, 5792. 
 
 22. Wicklow. — (a) The present county, except the baronies 
 of Upper and Lower Talbotstown ; and the parishes of 
 Aghowle, Ardoyne, Crecrin, Liscohnan, and Moyacomb, with 
 the three townlands of Ballingate, and Ballingate, Lower 
 and Upper in the parish of Carnew, all in the barony of 
 Shillelagh. 
 
 (b) In the present county of Wexford, the baronies of 
 Gorey and North Ballaghkeen ; and the parishes of Carnew, 
 (lone, Ferns, Kilbride, Kilcomb, and Toome, in the barony 
 of Scarawalsh. 
 
 (c) In the present county of Dublin, all that part of the 
 barony of Eathdown which lies outside the new county and 
 borough of New Dublin, and the new county of Kildare — 
 viz., the parishes of Kilgobbin, Killiney, Kiltiernan, Old- 
 
 M
 
 178 APPENDIX. 
 
 coimaught, Eathmichael, and Tally, and so much of the parish 
 of Kill as lies outside New Dublin. 
 
 Population, 87,774; Protestants, 17,657. 
 
 23. Dublin. — (a) The present municipal borough of 
 Dublin. 
 
 (b) The township of Drumcondra Glasnevin and Clonliffe. 
 
 (c) The parish of St Mark outside the city, and that part 
 of the parish of Donnybrook which lies within the Dublin 
 Harbour Parliamentary Division. 
 
 Population, 259,914; Protestants, 51,132. 
 
 24. Kilkenny. — (a) The present county of the city. 
 Population, 12,299 ; Protestants, 1348. 
 
 25. Wexford. — (a) The present municipal borough. 
 Population, 12,163; Protestants, 800. 
 
 26. Waterford. — (a) The present county of the city, and 
 the barony of Kilculliheen. 
 
 Population, 23,332 ; Protestants, 2256. 
 
 27. Clonmel. — (a) The present municipal borough, with 
 the parish of St Mary (Clonmel) in the county of Tipperary. 
 
 Population, 10,769; Protestants, 1275. 
 
 28. Queenstown. — (a) The present township, with the 
 remaining portions of the parishes of Clonmell and Temple- 
 robin, and the townland of Foaty, in the parish of Carrig- 
 tohill. 
 
 Population, 13,555 ; Protestants, 2589. 
 
 29. Barrymore. — (a) In the county of Cork, the baronies 
 of Imokilly and Kinnattalloon ; the barony of Barrymore, 
 excluding Foaty Island and Great Island (with the town of 
 Queenstown) ; the barony of Kerricurrihy, except the parish 
 of Ballinaboy ; the parishes of Carrigaline and Killanully, in
 
 NEW COUNTIES. 179 
 
 the baron} r of Cork ; and the parishes of Carrigaline and Kil- 
 patrick, in the barony of Kinnalea. 
 
 (b) In the count)- of Waterford, the parishes of Kilcockan, 
 Kilwatermoy, Tallow, and Templemichael. 
 
 Population, 74,680; Protestants, 5281. 
 
 30. Carbery, East. — (a) In the county of Cork, the baronies of 
 Carbery East (2), Courceys, Ibane and Barryroe, Kinalmeaky, 
 and Kinsale ; the barony of Kinnalea, except the parishes of 
 Ballinaboy, Carrigaline, Kilpatrick, and Knockavilly ; the six 
 townlands of Annaghbeg, Bawngoula, Coolsheeskin, Eigsdale, 
 Skehanagh, and Tooreen, in the parish of Dunderrow, and 
 the three townlands of Annaghmore, Curra, and Killeen, in 
 the parish of Innishannon ; and in the barony of West Car- 
 bery, the parishes of Drinagh, Kilmacabea, and Myross. 
 
 Population, 85,633 ; Protestants, 10,622. 
 
 31. Carbcry, West. — (a) In the county of Cork the baronies 
 of Bantry and Bere ; and the barony of West Carbery, 
 (both divisions), except the parishes of Drinagh, Kilmacabea, 
 and Myross. 
 
 (b) In the present county of Kerry, the barony of Glana- 
 rought ; the barony of South Dunkerron, except the parish 
 of Knockane ; in the barony of Iveragh, the parish of Dromod ; 
 and in the barony of North Dunkerron, the townlands of 
 Bealdarrig and Graignagrane, in the parish of Templenoe. 
 
 Population, 91,756 ; Protestants, 6906. 
 
 32. Becks. — (a) The present county of Waterford, ex- 
 cluding the baronies of Coshmore and Coshbride, Glenahirey, 
 and Kilculliheen ; and the parish of Killaloan, in the barony 
 of Upperthird. 
 
 Population, 67,786 ; Protestants, 2565. 
 
 33. Desmond. — (a) In the county of Cork, the baronies of 
 Condons and Clangibbon, Duhallow, Fennoy, and Orrery 
 and Kilmore ; the parish of Mourne Abbey, in the barony of
 
 180 APPENDIX. 
 
 Barretts ; and the parishes of Drishane and Kilcorney, in the 
 barony of West Mnskerry. 
 
 (b) In the county of Limerick, the baronies of Coshlea and 
 Kilmallock, and the parishes of Effin, Hackmys, Kilbreedy 
 Minor, and Tankardstown, in the barony of Coshma. 
 
 (c) In the county of Waterford, the parishes of Leitrim 
 and Lismore and Mocollop. 
 
 (d) In the present county of Kerry, the parish of ISTo- 
 havaldaly. 
 
 (e) In the present county of Tipperary, the townland of 
 Barnahown in the parish of Templetenny, and the townlands 
 of Doon, Flemingstown (southern half), and Shanrahan 
 (southern third), in the parish of Shanrahan. 
 
 Population, 142,872 ; Protestants, 6309. 
 
 34. Kerry. — (a) The present county, except the seven 
 parishes of Dromod, Kenmare, Kilcrohane, Kilcaskan, Kilgar- 
 van, Templenoe, and Tuosist, included in the new county of 
 West Carbery ; the seven parishes of Annagh, Ballymacel- 
 ligott, Ballyseedy, Clogherbrien, O'Brennan, Ratass, and 
 Tralee, included in the new county of Tralee ; and the parish 
 of Nohavaldaly, included in the new county of Desmond. 
 
 Population, 154,012 ; Protestants, 4405. 
 
 35. Muskerry or Clancarty. — In the county of Cork, the 
 barony of East Muskerry ; the barony of West Muskerry, 
 except the parishes of Drishane and Kilcorney ; the barony 
 of Cork, except the parishes of Carrigaline and Killanully ; 
 the barony of Barrett's, except the parish of Mourne Abbey ; 
 the parishes of Ballinaboy and Knockavilly ; the six town- 
 lands of Annaghbeg, Bawngoula, Coolsheskin, Eigsdale, Ske- 
 hanagh, and Tooreen, in the parish of Dunderrow ; and the 
 three townlands of Annaghmore, Curra, and Killeen, in the 
 parish of Innishannon, all in the barony of Kinnalea ; and in 
 the barony of Kerrycurrihy, the parish of Ballinaboy. 
 
 Population, 72,960 ; Protestants, 4499. 

 
 NEW COUNTIES. 181 
 
 36. Ormond. — (a) The present county of Tipperary, ex- 
 cluding the portions included in the new counties of Clonmel, 
 Desmond, Thomond, and King's County. 
 
 (b) In the county of Waterford, the barony of Glenahirey, 
 and the parish of Killaloan, in the barony of Upperthird. 
 Population, 138,464; Protestants, 5512. 
 
 37. Thomond. — (a) The present county of Limerick, ex- 
 cept the parts included in the new county of Desmond, and 
 the barony of North Liberties. 
 
 (b) In the present county of Tipperary, the baronies of 
 Upper Ormond and Owney and Arra ; the parishes of Drom- 
 ineer, Killodiernan, Kilruane, Knigh, Monsea, and Nenagh, 
 in the barony of Lower Ormond ; the parishes of Cullen, 
 Emly, Glenbane, Kilcornan, and Templebredon, in the barony 
 of Clanwilliam ; and the parish of Borrisnafarney, in the 
 barony of Ikerrin. 
 
 (c) In the present King's County, the parish of Borris- 
 nafarney. 
 
 Population, 152,106 ; Protestants, 5338. 
 
 38. Cork. — (a) The county of the city of Cork. 
 Population, 80,124; Protestants, 11,469. 
 
 39. Limerick. — (a) The county of the city of Limerick, 
 and the barony of North Liberties. 
 
 Population, 41,115 ; Protestants, 4811. 
 
 40. Tralee. — (a) The township of Tralee and the parishes 
 of Annagh, Ballymacelligott, Ballyseedy, Clogherbrien, 
 O'Brennan, Patass, and Tralee. 
 
 Population, 19,798 ; Protestants, 1780. 
 
 41. Clare. — (a) The present county of Clare. 
 
 (b) In the present county of Galway, the barony of Kiltar- 
 tan ; and in the barony of Loughrea, the parish of Kilthomas ; 
 tin; six townlands of Boleyneendorrish, Kinmona, North and
 
 182 APPENDIX. 
 
 South, Eathanlan, Eeaskgarriff, and Tullira, in the parish of 
 Ardraban ; the seven townlands of Bohaboy, Derrybrien, East, 
 North, South, and West, Eunshadaun, and Toormacnevin, in 
 the parish of Killeenadeema ; and the townland of Kilbeg, in 
 the parish of Killinan. 
 
 Population, 154,920 ; Protestants, 3213. 
 
 42. Clanricarde. — (a) In the present county of Galway, 
 the baronies of Clonmacnowen, Killian, Leitrim, and Long- 
 ford ; the barony of Kilconnell, except the parishes of Grange, 
 Kilimordally, Kiltullagh, and Monivea ; in the barony of 
 Tiaquin, the parishes of Killoscobe and Killosolan, the 
 parish of Ballymacward (except the townlands of Glenna- 
 mucka and Gorteen) ; and the ten townlands of Annaghmore, 
 East and West, Castlebellew, Cloncalloga, Cloonoran, Marlay, 
 Moylough, Moylough More, Patch, and Tomree, in the parish 
 of Moylough ; also in the barony of Loughrea, the parishes of 
 Kilmeen, Killaan, and Kilteskill, and the three townlands of 
 Boleybeg, Coppanagh, and Drummin, in the parish of Kil- 
 leenadeema. 
 
 (b) In the present county of Eoscommon, the baronies of 
 Moycarn and North and South Athlone (except the parish of 
 Fuerty and town of Athlone). 
 
 Population, 79,249 ; Protestants, 2634. 
 
 43. Galway. — (a) The present county, excluding the parts 
 included in the new counties of Clare, Clanricarde, Mayo, and 
 Eoscommon. 
 
 Bopulation, 145,419 ; Erotestants, 5239. 
 
 44. Mayo. — (a) The present county of Mayo. 
 
 (&) The barony of Eoss in the present county of Galway. 
 
 (c) In the present county of Eoscommon, the twenty-one 
 townlands of Attishane, Ballinross, Benmore, Carrowreagh, 
 Cloonfad, East and West, Cornabanny, Culkeen, Curragh, 
 Fiddaun, Gortamarle, Gorteenacammadill, Hundred Acres, 
 Meeltraun, (Wills), Moigh, Lower and Upper, Mount Delvin,
 
 NEW COUNTIES. 18 
 
 o 
 
 Pollanalty, East and West, Pollaphuca, aud Swinefield, in the 
 parish of Killultagh. 
 
 (d) In the present county of Sligo, the barony of Leyney, 
 except the parishes of Ballysadare, Killoran, and Kilvarnet ; 
 and the barony of Tireragh, except the parishes of Dromard 
 and Skreen ; and the ten townlands of Aughris, Ballyforis, 
 Carrownacreevy, Cartronofarry, East, South, and West, Cor- 
 coran's Acres, Corkagh, Beg and More, and Garryduff, in the 
 parish of Templeboy. 
 
 Population, 292,896 ; Protestants, 9289. 
 
 45. Moylurg. — (a) In the present county of Eos common 
 the baronies of Boyle and French Park ; in the barony of 
 North Ballintober, the parish of Kilmore ; in the barony of 
 Eoscommon, the parish of Aughrim, and the fourteen town- 
 lands of Athroe, Ballyroddy, Barrinagh, Brackloon, Currigeen, 
 Carrownamorheeny, Cartonagor, Cloonyeffer, Corry, East and 
 West, Edenan, and Kinclare, Kilnamaryall, Kinclare, and 
 Eathroe, in the parish of Shankill ; and in the barony of 
 Castlereagh, the four townlands of Ballaghcullia, Ballyna- 
 howna, Cashel, and Derreen, in the parish of Kilcorkey. 
 
 (b) In the present county of Sligo, the barony of Cool- 
 avin ; the barony of Corran, except the four townlands of 
 Doorly, Drumfin, Knocknagroagh, and Lackagh, in the 
 parish of Kilmorgan ; in the barony of Tirerril, the parishes 
 of Aghanagh, Killadoon, Kilmactranny, and Shancough ; 
 the parish of Tawnagh, except the four townlands of Behy, 
 Emlagh, Murilly-roe, and Whitehill ; the six townlands 
 of Ardlee, Bricklieve, Coolboy, Coolskeagh, Lecarrow, and 
 Treanmacmurtagh, in the parish of Drumcolumb ; and the 
 seven townlands of Annaghcor, Bellanacorrigeeny, Bellarush, 
 Brickeen, Cleavry, Drumderry, and Sheerevagh, in the parish 
 of Kilmacallan. 
 
 Population, 73,003 ; Protestants, 3161. 
 
 46. Eoscommon. — (a) The present county of Eoscommon, 
 so far as not included in the new counties of Clanricarde, 
 King's County, Mayo, and Moylurg.
 
 18-4 APPENDIX. 
 
 (b) In the present county of Galway, the barony of Bally- 
 moe, except the parishes of Tuam and Kilererrin, the 
 twenty-one townlands of Ballyedmond, Brackloon, Claddagh, 
 East and West, Clonbern, Cloonagawnagh, Cloonarkan, Cor- 
 naminaun, Fortbrown, Garraunbaun, Garrauns, Gortagarraun, 
 Kead, Kilmorry, Knockroe, Laughil, Lenaboy, Lomanagh, 
 Bawn and Eoe, Mahanagh, and Meelickbeg, in the parish 
 of Clonbern, and the sixteen townlands of Ballywataire, 
 Bannoges, North and South, Breanra, Carrowkeel, Carrow- 
 nagur, Carrowntryla, Carrowroe, East and West, Cloonagh, 
 Cloonboo, Beg and More, Dunblaney, Gaterstreet, Killuney, 
 and Meelickmore, in the parish of Dunmore. 
 
 Population, 75,100; Protestants, 1070. 
 
 47. Sligo. — («) The present county of Sligo, so far as not 
 included in the new counties of Mayo and Moylurg. 
 
 (b) The parishes of Cloonclare, Cloonlogher, Drumlease, 
 Killasnet, Killanummery, and Eossinver in the present 
 county of Leitrim. 
 
 (c) In the present county of Fermanagh, those parts of 
 the parishes of Boho, Devenish, and Innisniacsaint which are 
 excluded from the Grand Duchy of Ulster. 
 
 (d) In the county of Donegal, that part of the parish of 
 Innisniacsaint which is excluded from the Grand Duchy of 
 Ulster. 
 
 Population, 80,566 ; Protestants, 10,805. 
 
 48. West Brcfney. — (a) The present county of Leitrim, 
 except those parts which are included in the new counties of 
 Annaly, East Brefney, and Sligo. 
 
 (b) In the present county of Cavan, the parishes of Drum- 
 reilly and Killinagh, and the parish of Templeport, except 
 the nine townlands of Bofealan, Burren, Coologe, Crossmake- 
 lagher, Drumane, Killynaff, Lecharrownahone, Toberlyan 
 Duffin, and Tonyrevan ; and the four townlands of Dun- 
 makeever, Eshveagh, Tonanilt, and Tullycrafton, in the 
 parish of Kinawley.
 
 NEW PARLIAMENTARY DIVISIONS. 185 
 
 (c) In the present county of Longford, the parish of 
 Mohill 
 
 Population, 72,358 ; Protestants, 5531. 
 
 SCHEDULE IV. 
 
 NEW PARLIAMENTARY DIVISIONS 
 
 (other than single counties). 
 
 1. Antrim, North. — The new baronies of Broughshane, 
 C'ary, Dunluce, Lower and Upper, Glenarm, Kilconway, and 
 Route, as described in Schedule II. Population, 75,144 ; 
 Protestants, 52,265. 
 
 2. Antrim, Middle. — The new baronies of Antrim, Bally - 
 mena, Clandeboye, Lower, Middle, and Upper, Connor, and 
 Toome. Population, 67,799; Protestants, 53,959. 
 
 3. Antrim, South. — The new baronies of Carnmoney, 
 Carrickfergus, Killultagh, Larne, Massereene, Lower and 
 Upper, and Moylinny. Population, 74,825 ; Protestants, 
 63,154. 
 
 4. Belfast, North. — St Anne's Ward, the town (and new 
 ward) of Dundalk, and the new barony of Ligoniel. Popu- 
 lation, 73,778 ; Protestants, 50,843. 
 
 5. Belfast, Bast. — Dock Ward, the towns (and new wards) 
 of Lisburn, Lurgan, and Newry, and the new barony of 
 Ballyshannon. Population, 79,247 ; Protestants, 43,933. 
 
 6. Be/fast, West. — St George's Ward and Smithfield Ward. 
 Population, 75,479; Protestants, 47,190. 
 
 7. Belfast, South. — Croniac Ward, the town (and new 
 ward) of Drogheda, and the new barony of Holywood. 
 Population, 72,925; Protestants, 50,231. 
 
 8. Down, North. — The new baronies of Lower Ards, 
 Newtown Ards, Bangor, Castlereagh, Lower and Upper,
 
 186 APPENDIX. 
 
 Dromara, and Kilwarlin. Population, 69,759 ; Protestants, 
 64,354. 
 
 9. Down, West. — The new baronies of Banbridge, Dro- 
 more, Iveagh, Lower, Upper, and West, Moira, and Eoss- 
 trevor. Population, 73,167 ; Protestants, 46,437. 
 
 10. Down, East. — The new baronies of Ards Upper, 
 Castlewellan, Dufferin, Kinelarty, Lecale, Lower and Upper, 
 and Mourne. Population, 71,832 ; Protestants, 38,026. 
 
 11. Armagh, East. — The new baronies of Clanbrassil, 
 Clancann, Gilford, O'Neilland East, Orior, Lower and 
 Middle, and Portadown. Population, 71,508 ; Protestants, 
 48,686. 
 
 12. Armagh, West. — The new baronies of Armagh, Charle- 
 mont, Fews, Lower and Middle, Keady, O'Neilland West, 
 and Tiranny. Population, 74,398 ; Protestants, 39,772. 
 
 13. Tyrone, North. — The city of Londonderry, and the 
 new baronies of Keenaght, Lower and Upper, and Tir- 
 keeran, Lower and Upper. Population, 71,317; Protestants, 
 35,758. 
 
 14. Tyrone, East. — The new baronies of Clandonnell, 
 Coleraine, Creeve or Clankane, Garvagh, Loughinsholin, 
 Maghera, and Moyola. Population, 78,131 ; Protestants, 
 46,112. 
 
 15. Tyrone, South. — The new baronies of Aughnacloy, 
 Ballinderry, Caledon, Dungannon, Lower and Upper, Kille- 
 tragh, Mountjoy, and Tullaghoge. Population, 79,520 ; 
 Protestants, 43,071. 
 
 16. Tyrone, Middle. — The new baronies of Clogher, Fin- 
 tona, Munterlony, Omagh, East and West, Pomeroy, and 
 Six Mile Cross. Population, 78,929 ; Protestants, 28,596. 
 
 17. Tyrone, West. — The new baronies of Ardstraw, Glen- 
 derg, Portlough, Baphoe, and Strabane, Lower and Upper. 
 Population, 72,888; Protestants, 36,863. 
 
 18. Tyrconnell, Lower. — The new baronies of Doe, Fanad, 
 Glenswilly, Innishowen, East, North, and West, and Xil- 
 macrenan. Population, 77,536 ; Protestants, 17,069. 
 
 19. Tyrconnell, Upper. — The new baronies of Banagh,
 
 NEW PARLIAMENTARY DIVISIONS. 187 
 
 Inner and Outer, Boylagh, North and South, Cloghaneely, 
 Donegal, and Glenfinn. Population, 84,992 ; Protestants, 
 12,427. 
 
 20. Oriel, Upper. — The new baronies of Bailieborough, 
 Clankee, Cremorne, Farney, Kingscourt, and Morgallion. 
 Population, 67,256; Protestants, 9128. 
 
 21. Oriel, Lower. — The new baronies of Ardee, Carling- 
 ford, Ferrard, Fews Upper, Louth East, Louth West, and 
 Orior Upper. Population, 73,390 ; Protestants, 4605. 
 
 22. Dublin, North, — The parishes of Clonturk, Glasnevin, 
 St George, St Mary, and St Thomas, so far as contained in 
 the new county. Population, 85,604; Protestants, 18,064. 
 
 23. Dublin, South. — The parishes of Donnybrook, St 
 Andrew, St Anne, St Bridget, St Mark, and St Peter, so 
 far as contained in the new county. Population, 83,348 ; 
 Protestants, 21,174. 
 
 24. Dublin, West. — The remainder of the city (and new 
 county). Population 90,962 ; Protestants, 11,894. 
 
 25. Desmond, Upper. — The baronies of Duhallow, and 
 Orrery, and Kilmore ; those parts of the baronies of Barretts, 
 West Muskerry, and Magunihy (Kerry), which lie within 
 the new county ; the parish of Hackmys in the barony of 
 Coshma (Limerick) ; and the six parishes of Ballyhay, 
 Caherduggan, Carrigleamleary, Imphrick, Mallow, and Pcahan, 
 in the barony of Fermoy. Population, 71,248 ; Protestants, 
 2235. 
 
 26. Desmond, Lower. — The remainder of the new county. 
 Population, 71,624; Protestants, 4074. 
 
 27. Kerry, North. — The baronies of Clanmaurice and 
 Iraghticonnor ; the barony of Corkaguiny, except the parish 
 of Annagh ; and in the barony of Trughenacmy, the parishes 
 of Ardfert, Ballynahaglish, Brosna, and Fenit ; the ten town- 
 lands of Ballinard, Coollegrean, Knockachur, Knocknadarriv, 
 Lackabane, Lackbrooder, Lyre, Keacaslagh, Tooreenagowan, 
 and Tooreennaserty, in the parish of Ballincuslane ; and the 
 sixteen townlands of Ahane, Ahaneboy (north half), Pally- 
 duff', Beheenagh, Broughane, Feavautia, Gortroe, Knock-
 
 188 APPENDIX. 
 
 nariddera, Knocknagashel, East and West, Meenbannivane, 
 Meenleitrim, North and South, Muingvautia, Tooreenard, 
 and Tooreenmore, in the parish of Castleisland. Population, 
 79,696 ; Protestants, 2665. 
 
 28. Kerry, South. — The remainder of the new county. 
 Population, 74,316; Protestants, 1736. 
 
 29. Ormond, East. — The baronies of Eliogarty and Slieve- 
 ardagh ; the barony of Ikerrin, so far as contained in the 
 new county ; the barony of Iffa and Offa, East, except the 
 parish of St Mary, Clonmel, the nine townlands of Black- 
 castle, Clashavaddra, Clonmore, Correnstown, Decoy, Kil- 
 molash, Upper, Moorestown, Shanballyard, and Woodrooff, 
 in the parish of Inishlounaght, and the townlands of Graigne 
 and Woodrooff, in the parish of Newchapel ; the barony of 
 Middlethird, except the parishes of Ardmayle, Boytourath, 
 Dangandargan, Dogstown, Killeenasteena, Knockgrafibn, 
 Oughteragh, and Pielickmurry and Athassel; and in the 
 barony of Upper Kilnamanagh, the parish of Ballycahill. 
 Population, 68,597 ; Protestants, 2863. 
 
 30. Ormond, West. — The remainder of the new county. 
 Population, 69,767 ; Protestants, 2649. 
 
 31. Thomond, West. — The present baronies of Connello, 
 Lower and Upper, Glenquin, Kenry, and Shanid ; the barony 
 of Coshma, except the parishes of Bruff, Tullabrocky, and 
 Uregare ; and the six townlands of Ballingayrour, Ballinlee, 
 North and South, Ballinrea, Garbally, and Parkroe, in the 
 parish of Dromin ; also in the barony of Pubblebrien, the 
 parishes of Croom, Kilkeecly, and Killonahan, and the town- 
 land of Ballymacsradeen, West, in the parish of Monaster- 
 anenagh ; also in the barony of Small County, the townlands 
 of Crean and Drumbeg, in the parish of Glenogra. Popula- 
 tion, 73,138 ; Protestants, 2233. 
 
 32. Thomond, East. — The remainder of the new county. 
 Population, 78,968 ; Protestants, 3105. 
 
 33. Waterford Group. — The united counties of Waterford, 
 Clonmel, Kilkenny, Queenstown, and Wexford. Population, 
 72,118; Protestants, 8268.
 
 NEW PARLIAMENTARY DIVISIONS. 189 
 
 34. Limerick and Tralee.- — The united comities of Limerick 
 and Tralee. Population, 60,913 ; Protestants, 6592. 
 
 35. Galway, West. — The baronies of Aran, Ballynahinch, 
 and Moyeullen, and the county of the town of Galway. 
 Population, 70,313 ; Protestants, 3657. 
 
 36. Galway, East. — The remainder of the new county. 
 Population, 75,106 ; Protestants, 1582. 
 
 37. Clare, West. — The present baronies of Clonderalow, 
 Corcomroe, Ibrickan, and Moyarta ; the barony of Islands, 
 except the parish of Clare Abbey, the town of Ennis, and 
 the seventeen townlands of Ballymacaula, Cahircalla Beg, 
 Cahirealla More, Claureen, Cloghleagh, Clonroad Beg, Clon- 
 road More, Drumbiggil, Drumcaran Beg, Drumcaran More, 
 Drumcliff, Fountain, Keelty, Kilnacally, Lifford, Loughvella, 
 and Shanvogh, in the parish of Drumcliff; and in the barony 
 of Inchiqnin, the parishes of Inagh and Kilnamona, and the 
 seven townlands of Carrowvere, Drinagh, Loughnagowan, 
 Martry, Moanreel, North and South, and Eafline, in the 
 parish of Path. Population, 75,655 ; Protestants, 1268. 
 
 38. Glare, East. — The remainder of the new county. Popu- 
 lation, 79,265 ; Protestants, 1945. 
 
 39. Mayo, North. — The present barony of Tireragh, so far as 
 contained in the new county ; the present barony of Tirawley, 
 except the parish of Addergoole ; the present barony of Ems, 
 except the thirty-seven townlands of Aughness, Bellagarvaun, 
 Bellaveeny, Bunmore, East and West, Castlehill, Claggan, 
 ( laggan Mountain, Croaghaun, Doona, Dooreel, Drumgollagh, 
 Drumsleed, Essaun, Eahy, Gortbrack South, Greenauii, 
 Kildun, Knockinoyleen, Lagduff Beg, Lagduff More, Lettera, 
 Lurgandarragh, Maumaratta, Muingnanamad, Owenduh'. 
 ( Iwenglass, Scardaun, Sheeanmore, Srahduggann, Srahederda- 
 owen, Srahnamangagh, Tallagh, Tarsaghann Beg, North and 
 South, Tarsaghann More, and Tawnanasheftin, together with 
 the five islands of Annagh, Glassillan, Illancroagh, Inishaghoo, 
 and Inishbiggle, in the parish of Kilcommon ; and in the 
 barony of Gallen, the parishes of Attymass and Kilgarvan. 
 Population, 70,636 ; Protestants, 4080.
 
 190 APPENDIX. 
 
 40. Mayo, East. — The barony of Leyney, so far as contained 
 in the new comity ; the barony of Gallen, except the parishes 
 of Attymass and Kilgarvan ; and in the barony of Costello, 
 the parishes of Castlemore, Kilbeagh, Kilcolrnan, and Kilturra, 
 with the twenty-one townlands of Ballinrumpa, Ballyglass, 
 Carrownlacka, Cashelnahenny, Clooncasha, Cloonierin, Cloon- 
 amna, Corgarriff, Culliagh, Kilcashel, Killaclare, Kilmovee, 
 Leveelick, Magheraboy, Eaherolus, Ranagissanns, Eusheens, 
 East and West, Skeheen, Sraheens, and Uggool, in the parish 
 of Kilmovee. Population, 74,803 ; Protestants, 912. 
 
 41. Mayo, South. — The baronies of Clanmorris and Kil- 
 maine ; the barony of Costello, so far as not included in 
 East Mayo ; the parishes of Burriscarra, Drum, Manulla, 
 Eosslee, and Tonaghty, in the barony of Carra ; also the 
 parish of Kiltullagh (in Eoscommon), so far as comprised in 
 the new county of Mayo. Population, 72,324 ; Protestants, 
 1092. 
 
 42. Mayo, West. — The remainder of the new county. Popu- 
 lation, 75,133 ; Protestants, 3205. 
 
 SCHEDULE V. 
 
 SHORT LIST OF NEW BARONIES IN LEINSTER. 
 
 Annaly. 
 
 1. Ardagh (Edgeworthstown). 1 
 
 2. Clanhugh (Drumlish, Ballinamuck). 
 
 3. Clanmahon (Scrabby, Kilgolagh). 
 
 4. Granard. 
 
 5. Longford 2 (Ballinalee, Castle Forbes). 
 
 6. Moydow (Cloondara, Lanesborough). 
 
 7. Shrule (Ballymahon, Glassan, Lissoy). 
 
 1 The names in brackets are those of towns or other notable places included 
 in the barony. 
 
 - The names in italics are those of baronies where 15 per cent of the popula- 
 tion are Protestant, exclusive of troops.
 
 SHOET LIST OF NEW BARONIES IN LEINSTEE. 191 
 
 Carlow. 
 
 1. Carl ow. 
 
 2. Idrone (Bagenalstown, Bonis). 
 
 3. Imaile (Baltinglass, Donard). 
 
 •4. Moone (Castlederniot, Ballitore, Dunlavin). 
 
 5. Soarawalsh (Newtown-Barry). 
 
 6. SKevemargy (Ballickmoyler, Old Leighlin). 
 
 7. Tiilloic (Tullowphelim, Clonegall, Myshall). 
 
 KlLDARE. 
 
 1. Clane (Robertstown, Prosperous). 
 
 2. Kildare (Kilcullen). 
 
 3. Naas (Newbridge). 
 
 4. Rathfarnham (Crumlin, Dundrum). 
 
 5. Salt (Celbridge, Cloncurry, Leixlip, Maynooth). 
 
 6. Talbotstown or Blessington (Ballymore Eustace, Hollywood). 
 
 7. Upper Cross (Lucan, Chapelizod, Newcastle, Tallaght). 
 
 King's County. 
 
 1. Athlone or Calry. 
 
 2. Ely 'Carroll, East (Parsonstown, Kinnitty). 
 
 3. Ely O'Carroll, Wed (Clogh Jordan, Borrisokane). 
 
 4. Fircall (Frankford). 
 
 5. Garrycastle (Banagher, Clonmacnoise, Ferbane). 
 G. Kilcoursie (Clara, Moate). 
 
 7. Roscrm or ClonlisJc. 
 
 KlNSELLAGH. 
 
 1. Ballaghkeen (Castlebridge). 
 
 2. Bargay. 
 
 3. Enniscorthy. 
 
 4. Forth. 
 
 5. New Ross. 
 
 6. Saint Mullins (Castleboro). 
 
 7. Shelburne (Duncannon). 
 
 6. Shelmalier (Taghmon, Adamstown). 
 
 Meath. 
 
 1. Castlerahan (Virginia). 
 
 2. Delvin (Athboy). 
 
 3. Fore (Oldcastle, Castlepollard). 
 
 4. Kells. 
 
 5. Kilnaleck (Mount Xugent). 
 G. Lune (Trim). 
 
 7. Navan.
 
 192 APPENDIX. 
 
 OSSORY. 
 
 1. Callan. 
 
 2. Crannagh (Kilkenny). 
 
 3. Fassadineen (Castlecomer). 
 
 4. Galnioy (Freshford, Urlingford). 
 
 5. Gowran. 
 
 6. Knoektopher (Thoniastown, Inistiogue). 
 
 7. Ida (Piltown). 
 
 8. Iverk (Eosbercon, Mullinavat). 
 
 Queen's County. 
 
 1. Clanmalier (Portarlington, Clonygowan). 
 
 2. Clarmallagh (Rathdowney). 
 
 3. Cullenagh (Abbeyleix, Durrow). 
 
 4. Leix (Athy, Stradbally). 
 
 5. Offaly (Monasterevan, Rathangan, Clonbulloge). 
 
 6. Tinnahinch (Maryborough, Mountmellick). 
 
 7. Upper Ossory (Mountrath, Castletown, Coolrain). 
 
 Westmeath. 
 
 1. Clancolnian (Mullingar). 
 
 2. Corkaree (Street, Ballynacarrigy). 
 
 3. Fartullagh (Edenderry, Philipstown, Eochfortbridge). 
 
 4. Moycashel or Eathconrath (Kilbeggan, Loughanavally). 
 
 5. Moyfenrath or Farbill (Johnstown, Killucan, Kinnegad). 
 
 6. Tullamore (Geashill). 
 
 Wicklow. 
 
 1. Arklow. 
 
 2. Fercullan (Bray, Enniskerry, Delgany). 
 
 3. Ferns (Monamolin, Ballycanew, Ford). 
 
 4. Gorey (Coolgreany, Killenagh). 
 
 5. Eanelagh or Ballinacor (Rathdrum, Glendalough). 
 
 6. Rathdown (Killiney, Carrickmines, Little Bray). 
 
 7. Shillelagh (Carnew, Tinahely). 
 
 8. Wicklow (Wicklow, Xewtown-Mount-Kennedy). 
 
 l'RIXTED BY WILLIAM BLACKWOOD AND SONS.
 
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