BANCROFT LIBRAKf 
 
?y f 
 ~ *mpliments of -. See Page. 
 
MISSODRI PACIFIC Ri SYSTEM 
 
 Int. and Great Northern R. R. Division. 
 
 SOLID* TRAINS* WITH * ALL * MODERN * IMPROYK.MKNTS 
 
 Til ItOUGII UliTWKKN 
 
 Galvestop apd St.Louis, 
 
 VIA TEXARKAJ4A. 
 
 SII AKTOHIQ IIB ST. LQ11S, VIA UNISON, 
 
 Without Cliange of Cars of any Description, an<l only One Change to 
 
 Chicago, Cincinnati, Louisville, Baltimore. 
 
 Washington, Philadelphia, New York, 
 
 Boston, and other Principal Cities 
 
 P 
 
 rnllman i% 
 
 TK. 
 
 - V ^M. Js*& M& ' 
 
 VIA DENISON THROUGH TO ST. LOUIS, 
 
 Passengers Booked to and from all points in Europe, via the American" s. s. Line. 
 between Philadelphia and Liverpool, and the "Red Star'" S. S. Line, between Nt-\v York. 
 Philadelphia and Antwerp. 
 
 For full information call on any of our Ticket Agents, or 
 
 H. F. HTJGHE3, Passenger Agent, HOUSTON, TEX. 
 "W. H. NEWMAN, B. W. McTOLLOTJGH, 
 
 Traffic Manager. Gen'l P<t*x. <nl Tt<-k<t A<i>. 
 
 GALVESTONrTEX. 
 

 HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE REVIEW 
 
 OF THE 
 
 INDUSTRIES OF AUSTIN 
 
 188S, 
 
 Commerce, Trade and Manufactures, 
 
 MANUFACTURING ADVANTAGES, BUSINESS AND TRANSPOR- 
 TATION FACILITIES, 
 
 TOGETHER WITH 
 
 SKETCHES OF THE REPRESENTATIVE BUSIf ESS HOUSES 
 
 AND 
 
 MANUFACTURING ESTABLISHMENTS 
 
 IN THE CITY. 
 
 > ^uLb^.s^d \?ub)'S; 
 
 AUSTIN, TEXAS, 
 
 PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHORS. 
 
 1885. 
 
PUBLISHERS' NOTICE 
 
 Much has been said and written during. the past decade of years concern- 
 ing the wonderful resources of Texas, the greatest amount of stress, however, 
 being laid upon its advantages for agriculture and stock-raising. The partial- 
 ity thus exhibited has evidently had a tendency to obstruct the development, 
 through the influence of capital from abroad, of those equally as important 
 interests coming under the head of commerce and manufactures, and has also, 
 in no small measure, been discouraging to the home efforts in that direction. 
 The resources of the State are of such a broad and comprehensive character, 
 as to demand the fullest recognition of every interest in anywise calculated to 
 contribute to the material prosperity of its people ; and it behooves every city 
 and town to place before the public at large a succinct statement of the local 
 advantages possessed for building up trade and industry. The wisdom of such 
 a policy is to be seen in the substantial benefits which have followed, wherever 
 the method has been adopted. 
 
 No point within the broad domain of Texas, has more to gain by herald- 
 ing abroad its advantages for commercial and manufacuring capital, than 
 Austin. The Capital, as well as the most beautiful residence city in the State, 
 it also possesses every facility that Nature can provide, and many that artifice 
 has contributed for making it one of the chief industrial centers of Texas. 
 Not only are its advantages of the highest standard and its natural resources 
 inexhaustible in extent, but it presents a field of manifold opportunities for 
 the safe investment of capital, skill, and enterprise, which cannot be duplicated 
 elsewhere, nor are they likely to remain long unimproved. 
 
 The enterprising business men of the city are vigorously laboring to 
 develop its latent strength as a commercial and manufacturing center, and it 
 is to further their commendable efforts that this volume is placed before the 
 public. 
 
 In compiling it, we have been placed under many obligations for the valu- 
 able assistance rendered by the citizens generally, and through Messrs. J. W. 
 Robertson, Mayor of the city ; J. L. Driskill, Walter Tips, A. P. Wooldridge, E. 
 T. Eggleston, and Ed. W. Shands, we desire to return our sincere thanks for 
 the appreciative interest that has been manifested in the success of the under- 
 taking. That it will result in securing to the Capital City of Texas, the great- 
 est possible benefits is the earnest hope of 
 
 THE PUBLISHERS. 
 
 July 1, 1885. 
 
GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 A 
 
 Achilles, A. H., Groceries and Feed 59 
 
 Austin Coal Company; Mattingsley & Co., Agents 93 
 
 Austin Gas Light and Coal Co 59 
 
 Austin Ice Factory ; Joe Brunet, Proprietor 62 
 
 Avenue Hotel ; D. M. Wilson, Proprietor 61 
 
 B 
 
 Bahn, Adolph, Watchmaker and Jeweler 78 
 
 Bandy, E . T., Saddlery and Harness 92 
 
 Barnes & Scott, Staple and Fancy Groceries 67 
 
 Bremond, John, Dry Goods, Boots, Shoes, Etc 87 
 
 Brown, R. L., Investing Agent 61 
 
 G 
 
 Calcasieu Lumber Company 69 
 
 Capital Business College and School of Penmanship 98 
 
 Capital Ice Factory ; Mattingley & Zimpelman. Proprietors 64 
 
 Capital Oil Company ; C. W. Hopkins. Manager 102 
 
 Carroll ton House ; Dr. A. D. Harn, Proprietor 92 
 
 Chadwick & DeCordova, Insurance Agents 78 
 
 Collett, J . H . , Land and General Agent 77 
 
 Crystal Saloon ; Charles Cortissoz, Proprietor 95 
 
 D 
 
 Dahlich, C. A., Furniture and House Furnishing Goods, Etc 76 
 
 DeCordova & Sons, Texas Land and Tax Agency 80 
 
 Duke, Madame E. F., Proprietor of " Templeton's Eye Water," Etc. . ., 89 
 
 B. 
 
 Edwards & Co., News Dealers and Stationers 76 
 
 Everett, F., Real Estate Agent and Notary Public 100 
 
 F 
 
 Firebaugh, W. H., & Co., Hardware, Plow and Wagon Materials 97 
 
 Fisher, Rhoads, Land and General Agent 66 
 
 Franks, Miss Mary E., Dressmaker 84 
 
IV GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 Q 
 
 Gardner, A., & Co., Lumber Dealers and Planing Mill ................................. 102 
 
 Gerhard, P. H., Hardware, Machinery, Etc ............................................ 57 
 
 Gettins, Bobo & Co., Land, Loan and Collections ...................................... 83 
 
 Glass, W. A., Wood and Coal Dealer ................................................... 77 
 
 Graham & Andrews, Druggists ........................................................ 67 
 
 H 
 
 Hawkes, A. K., Optician ............................................................... 74 
 
 Hill, S. B., Photography ............................................................... 62 
 
 Hollingsworth, C. X., Land and Live Stock Agency ................................... 104 
 
 Johns, C. E. , & Sons, Texas State Agency ............................................. 93 
 
 Jones, D. W., & Co., Furniture and Carpets ........................................... 100 
 
 Kirby, B. H., Land and General Agent ................................................ 101 
 
 Land & Thompson, Heal Estate and Land Agency ..................................... 107 
 
 M 
 
 Maddox Bros. & Anderson, Land and Real Estate Agents ............................. 75 
 
 Martin, Henry, Stoves, Tinware, Cultery, Etc ......................................... 63 
 
 Mayer, Carl, Jeweler .................................................................. 60 
 
 McClure, Mrs. M. A. , Staple and Fancy Groceries .................................... 89 
 
 Morrison & Fourmy, Directory Publishers ............................................ 105 
 
 Moses, W. , & Son, Merchant Tailors, Etc .............................................. 87 
 
 Murrah, Tom, Land and Real Estate Agent ............................................ 60 
 
 N 
 
 Nalle & Co. , Rough and Dressed Lumber .............................................. 79 
 
 Newning, Turner & Warner, Real Estate and Insurance Agents ...................... 94 
 
 Newman & Co . , Dry and Fancy Goods ............................................... 1~ 
 
 Nixon, A. M. C., Architect ........................................................... 95 
 
 IP 
 
 Padgitt & Warmoth, Saddlery, Leather, Etc ........................................... 88 
 
 Pressler, Paul, Agent for Semps' St. Louis Lager Beer ................................. 106 
 
 Preston & Son, Architects .......................... - ...................................... 69 
 
 Purki ss, E. M . , House, Sign and Ornamental Painter, Etc ............................ 65 
 
GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 Kobinson, John H. , & Son, General Merchandise 70 
 
 Kobinson, T. P., Hides and Wool 86 
 
 Euffini, F. E. , Architect 106 
 
 
 
 Schmitz, F., Furniture and Carpets, Etc 96 
 
 Schoolherr, L., & Bro., Dry Goods 68 
 
 Shands, Edward W., & Son, General Real Estate and Insurance 103 
 
 Sheehan, John, Plain and Fancy Groceries 63 
 
 Smith & Brady, Boots and Shoes 58 
 
 Spence, Joseph, Real Estate and Collecting Agent 64 
 
 Stacy & Hicks, Jobbers of Cigars and Tobacco 101 
 
 Stewart & Habicht, Law, Claim, Banking and Collection Office 91 
 
 Stuart Female Seminary 71 
 
 Sweeny, W. B. , Real Estate and Rental Agent 97 
 
 Swindells' Printing House 62 
 
 T 
 
 The Erie Telegraph and Telephone Company, J. K. Dunbar, Superintendent 85 
 
 The New and Purity Tea and Coffee Store, J. C. Beall, Proprietor 85 
 
 The Texas Abstract Company, Jas. A. Dickenson, President 96 
 
 Thomson & Donnan, Land and Claim Agents 68 
 
 Tillotson Collegiate and Normal Institute 73 
 
 U 
 
 Underbill & Co., Marble Works !... 86 
 
 V 
 
 Von Rosenberg, W. , Land and General Agent 66 
 
 W 
 
 Waters-Pierce Oil Company, W. B. Abadie, Manager 80 
 
 Wayland & Criser, Grocers 103 
 
 Webb, John A. , fe Bro. , Agricultural Implements and Wagons 84 
 
 Wells, B.C., Jeweler 65 
 
 Wilson, Mrs. M., Millinery and Fancy Goods 81 
 
 Z 
 
 Zerr & Buass, Galvanized Iron Cornices and Metal Roofing 99 
 
 Zimpelman & Bergen, Land and Insurance Agents 81 
 
Peoria, Decatur & Evansville 
 
 SHORT LINE 
 
 AND 
 
 QUICKEST in TIME 
 
 -TO ALL POINTS- 
 
 NORTH, WEST 
 NORTHWEST, 
 
 ONLY LINE 
 
 RUNNING 
 
 SOLID TRAINS 
 
 TYITi B tTrJTrryir 
 
 TftfTtiTKlM J nyr^^i 
 
 EVANSVILLE, 
 
 MATTOON, 
 
 Decatur and Pooria 
 
 At Evansville connection for both Passenger and Freight with this line is made, and 
 thus taps the whole Northern Railroad System, giving it 
 
 THROUGH CONNECTIONS AND FACILITIES 
 
 PEORIA, 
 
 ROCK ISLAND, 
 
 ST. PAUL MINNEAPOLIS, CHICAGO 
 
 ALL POINTS NORTH AND NORTHWEST, 
 
 As well as all points in Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Dakota and Montana. 
 The road is thoroughly equipped with the latest improved and best rolling stock, the 
 track laid with STEEL RAILS. 
 
 Safety appliances on Passenger Trains, and courteous and attentive train officials. 
 Take a trip over this line and you will be convinced of it. 
 
 GEO. L. BRADBURY, 
 
 H. C. PARKER, 
 
 S. M. MILLER, 
 
 Vice Pres. and Sen. Ming. Traffic Manager. Qen. Fast, and Tit. Agt. 
 
 OFFICES, FEORIA ILL. 
 
LAND & THOMPSON, 
 
 REAL ESTATE DEALERS AND 
 
 GENERAL LAND AGENCY OFFICE, 
 
 WILL Attend to the Sale, Purchase, Exchange, and Lease of Lands; Locating of 
 Lands; Paying of Taxes, and Protection of Lands ; Redemption of Lands from 
 Tax Sales; Inspection of Lands and Perfecting of Titles; Make Investments for 
 Capitalists, and Make Loans on Lands, and all other matters in any way connected 
 with the General Land Office Business, in a Prompt, Reliable and Satisfactory 
 manner. 
 
 FARM LANDS, 
 
 MINERAL LANDS, 
 
 STOCK LANDS. 
 
 Buying and Selling of Farms, Ranches and Stock. 
 
 = OTBR MILLION ACRES :^ 
 
 OF THE FINEST 
 
 Grazing and Farming Lands in Texas, 
 
 For Sale at Low Rates to Actual Settlers. 
 
 Buy and Sell City Property, Rent and Collect Rents; Place Fire Insurance, Pay Taxes 
 and Keep Up Improvements and Conduct a General Real Estate Business in all Branches. 
 Being personally acquainted with the Prominent Land Operators and Real Estate Men 
 of St. Louis, Chicago, Indianapolis, Cincinnati, Baltimore and other Principal Cities, 
 and possessing all other necessary facilities, we are enabled to place Property 
 entrusted to us with a rare Promptness and upon such Advantageous 
 Terms as but few Land Agents in Texas can Duplicate. 
 
 Our Terms are Liberal, as the New Era of Low Prices Demand 
 they should be. 
 
 Correspondence Solicited, and References Furnished on application. 
 
 See Page 1O7. 
 
Aostle 
 
 I 
 
 LAKE SUPERIOR. 
 
 lL HANDSOME aqd valuable book for Tourists, 
 describiqg aqd illustrating trje couqtry 
 around Lake Superior of wrjich so rquch has beeq 
 writteq aqd said during trje last few years. 
 
 ASHLAND, LAKE SUPERIOR, 
 
 Wrjere it is, aqd rjow to get trjere. Trje great "Hotel 
 Chequarqegon,"" th L e largest Surqmer Hotel in the 
 country. The Wisconsin Ceqtral Line "Trje Route" 
 
 for Tourists. 
 
 Through Palace Sleeper from Chicago to Lake Superior. 
 
 Seqd for a copy of trje above meqtioned book, 
 free of charge to any address. 
 
 F. N. FINNEY, General Manager. JAS. BARKER, Gen'l Pass. Agent. 
 
 MILWAUKEE, WlS. 
 
 H, C. FULLER, Gen'l Agent, 55 Clark Street, Chicago, III. 
 
TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES 
 
 OF 
 
 AUSTIN, TEXAS. 
 
 INTRODUCTORY. 
 
 Though it is a time honored custom among book-makers to give each vol- 
 ume an introductory chapter, clearly for the purpose of more readily securing 
 it a favorable recognition among the reading public, yet it must be admitted 
 that, however important the influence of such a chapter might once have been, 
 it exercises but little or no weight in this matter-of-fact age, wherein the readers, 
 as a rule, skip the " introductory " and get at once at the pith of the volume. 
 Such being a fact, generally speaking, it certainly is a superfluous labor to 
 observe the old custom in a work devoted to those interests which more imme- 
 diately concern the world than all others combined, and to which this country 
 in particular is indebted for its wonderful advancement to the foremost rank 
 among nations, its grand successes and magnificent prosperity. And as the 
 title of this volume plainly indicates its object to be the betterment of the Cap- 
 ital City of the great State of Texas through the further development of its 
 trade, commerce and industries, economy of space urges us to dispense with all 
 unnecessary preliminaries and enter at once upon the task before us. 
 
 HISTORICAL. 
 
 The independence of the Republic of Texas was declared March 2, 1836, 
 and Houston (which had been established as a town site about the same period) 
 was made the temporary capital. Under the administration of President 
 Lamar, the Congress of the Republic passed an act, January 4,-1839, providing 
 for the election of five commissioners, who were authorized to select a site for 
 the permanent seat of government, between the Trinity and Colorado rivers 
 and above the old San Antonio road, which crossed the Colorado River at the 
 town of Bastrop. The site was to comprise a tract of land not less than one, 
 nor more than four leagues in extent, and was to be selected either out of the 
 public domain, from private donation or by purchase, at a cost not exceeding 
 three dollars per acre. The act also provided for the appointment of an agent 
 for the purpose of laying out 640 acres of the land thus selected, in town lots, 
 
10 AUSTIN HER 
 
 and after reserving a sufficient number of the most eligible lots for the capital 
 and other necessary government buildings, to sell one-half the remainder at 
 public auction. The site thus laid out was, under the provisions of the act, 
 to be called the " City of Austin." 
 
 The result of the labors of the commissioners thus appointed is best told 
 in the following reproduction of their report : 
 
 CITY OF HOUSTON, April 13, A. D. 1839. 
 To His Excellency Mirabeau B. Lamar, President of the Republic of Texas: 
 
 " The commissioners appointed under the act of Congress, dated January, 
 1839, for locating the permanent site of the seat of government for the Repub- 
 lic, have the honor to report to your Excellency that they have selected the 
 site of the town of Waterloo, on the east bank of the Colorado River, with the 
 lands adjoining, as per the deed of the sheriff of Bastrop County, bearing 
 date March, 1839, and per the relinquishment of Logan Vandever, James 
 Rodgers, G. D. Hancock, J. W. Harrall and Aaron Burleson, by Edward Burle- 
 son, all under date of seventh of March, 1839, as the site combining the 
 greatest number of, and the most important advantages to the Republic, by the 
 location of the seat of government thereon, than any other situation which 
 came under their observation within the limits assigned them, and as being, 
 therefore, their choice for the location aforesaid. 
 
 We have the honor to represent to your Excellency that we have traversed 
 and critically examined the country on both sides of the Colorado and Brazos 
 Rivers, from the upper San Antonio road to and about the falls, on both those 
 rivers, and that we have not neglected the intermediate country between them, 
 but have examined it more particularly than a due regard to our personal 
 safety did perfectly warrant. 
 
 We found the Brazos River more central, perhaps, in reference to actual 
 existing population, and found in it and its tributaries, perhaps, a greater 
 quantity of fertile lands than are to be found on the Colorado, but on the other 
 hand, we were of opinion that the Colorado was more central in respect to 
 territory, and this, in connection with the great desideratums of health, fine 
 water, stone, stone coal, water power, etc., being more abundant and convenient 
 on the Colorado than on the Brazos River, did more than counterbalance the 
 supposed superiority of the lands, as well as the centrality of position in refer- 
 ence to population, possessed by the Brazos River. 
 
 In reference to the protection to be afforded to the frontier by the location 
 of the seat of government, a majority of the commissioners are of opinion 
 that that object will be as well attained by the location upon one river as upon 
 the other ; being also of opinion that within a very short period of time fol- 
 lowing the location of the seat of government upon the frontier, the extension 
 
TKADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 11 
 
 of the settlements produced thereby will engender other theories of defense on 
 lands now the homes of the Comanche and the bison. 
 
 The site selected by the commissioners is composed of five-thirds of leagues 
 of land and two labors, all adjoining, and having a front upon the Colorado 
 River somewhat exceeding three miles in breadth. It contains seven thousand 
 seven hundred and thirty-five acres of land, and will cost the Republic the 
 sum of twenty-one thousand dollars or thereabouts, one tract not being sur- 
 veyed. Nearly the whole front is a bluff of from thirty to forty feet elevation, 
 being the termination of a prairie containing perhaps two thousand acres, 
 composed of a chocolate colored sandy loam, intersected by two beautiful 
 streams of permanent and pure water, one of which forms at its debouche into 
 the river a timbered rye bottom of about thirty acres. These rivulets rise at 
 an elevation of from sixty to one hundred feet, on the back part of the site or 
 track, by means of which the contemplated city might, at comparatively small 
 expense, be well watered, in addition to which are several fine bluff springs of 
 pure water on the river at convenient distances from each other. 
 
 The site is about two miles distant from, and in full view of, the moun- 
 tains or breaks of the table lands, which, judging by the eye, are of about 
 three hundred feet elevation. They are of limestone formation, and are cov- 
 ered with live oak and dwarf cedar to their summits. On the site and its im- 
 mediate vicinity, stone in inexhaustible quantities and great varieties is found 
 almost fashioned by nature for the builder's hands ; lime and stone coal 
 abound in the vicinity ; timber for ordinary building purposes abounds on the 
 tract, though the timber for building in the immediate neighborhood is not of 
 so fine a character as might be wished, being mostly cotton wood, ash, burr oak, 
 hackberry, post oak and cedar, the last suitable for shingles and small frames. 
 
 At the distance of eighteen miles west by south from the site, on Onion 
 Creek, 'a stream affording fine water power,' is a large body of very fine cypress, 
 which is also found at intervals up the river for a distance of forty miles, and 
 together with immense quantities of fine cedar, might readily be floated down 
 the streams, as the falls, two miles above the site, present no obstruction to 
 floats or rafts, being only a descent of about five feet in one hundred and fifty 
 yards, over a smooth bed of limestone formation, very nearly resembling 
 colored marble. 
 
 By this route, also, immense quantities of stone coal, building materials, 
 and in. a few years agricultural and mineral products for the contemplated city 
 can be obtained, as no rapids save those mentioned occur in the river below 
 the San Saba, nor are they known to exist for a great distance above the junc- 
 tion of that stream with the Colorado. 
 
 Opposite the site, at the distance of one mile, Spring Creek and its tribu- 
 taries afford, perhaps, the greatest and most convenient water power to be 
 
12 AUSTIN HER 
 
 found in the Republic. Walnut Creek, distant six miles, and Brushy Creek, 
 distant sixteen miles, both on the east side of the river, afford very considerable 
 water power. Extensive deposits of iron ore, adjudged to be of very superior 
 quality, is found within eight miles of the location. 
 
 This section of country is generally well watered, fertile in a high degree, 
 and has every appearance of health and salubrity of climate. The site occu- 
 pies and will effectually close the pass by which Indians and outlawed Mexi- 
 cans have for ages past traveled east and west, to and from the Rio Grande to 
 Eastern Texas, and will now force them to pass by the way of Pecan Bayou 
 and San Saba, above the mountains and the sources of the Guadalupe River. 
 
 The commissioners confidently anticipate the time when a great thorough- 
 fare shall be established from Santa Fe to our seaports, and another from Red 
 River to Matamoros, which two routes must almost of necessity intersect each 
 other at this point. They look forward to the time when this city shall be the 
 emporium of not only the productions of the rich soil of the San Saba, Peder- 
 nales, Hero and Pecan Bayou, but of all the Colorado and Brazos, as also of 
 the produce of the rich mining country known to exist on these streams. 
 They are satisfied that a truly national city could, at no other point within the 
 limits assigned them, be reared up ; not that other sections of the country are 
 not equally fertile, but that no other combined so many and such varied 
 advantages and beauties as the one in question. The imagination of even the 
 romantic will not be disappointed on viewing the valley of the Colorado, and 
 the fertile and gracefully undulating woodlands and luxuriant prairies at a 
 distance from it. The most skeptical will not doubt its healthiness, and the 
 citizen's bosom must swell with honest pride when standing in the portico of 
 the capitol of his country he looks abroad upon a region worthy only of 
 being the home of the brave and the free. Standing on the juncture of the 
 routes of Santa Fe and the sea coast, of Red River and Matamoros, looking 
 with the same glance upon the green, romantic mountains and the fertile and 
 widely extended plains of his country can a feeling of nationality fail to 
 arise in his bosom, or could the fire of patriotism lie dormant under such cir- 
 cumstances ? 
 
 Fondly hoping that we may not have disappointed the expectations of 
 either our countrymen or your Excellency, we subscribe ourselves your P^xcel- 
 lency's most obedient servants, 
 
 H. C. HORTON, Chairman, ISAAC CAMPBELL, 
 
 J. W. BURTON, LOUIS P. COOKE." 
 
 WILLIAM MENIFEE, 
 
 Immediately upon the reception of the report of the commissioners the 
 President appointed Judge Edwin Waller, the agent as provided for in the 
 act who with a corps of surveyors, proceeded to the site selected, and entered 
 
TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 13 
 
 vigorously upon the duties required of him. He found the so-called town of 
 Waterloo to consist of but three families, and Montopolis, its ambitious rival, 
 two miles below, composed of two families. The first sale of lots was 
 made August 1, 1839, three hundred and six being sold at prices ranging from 
 $120 to $2,800 each, and bringing, in the aggregate, the sum of $182,588. 
 Before the sale, however, the city had commenced rapidly to fill up with good, 
 staunch and hardy citizens, and by the time it took place, many houses had 
 been erected, by parties who were willing thus to build and risk their chances 
 of purchasing the lots on which they had built, at the sale. 
 
 The erection of public as well as private buildings rapidly progressed, and 
 on the 17th day of October, 1839, President Lamar, with a portion of his 
 cabinet, arrived in Austin. This was a day of great rejoicing among the 
 citizens. The President was met a few miles from the city by a large proces- 
 sion, headed by Gen. A. Sidney Johnson (who was then Secretary of War, but 
 had preceded the President), and Gen. Edward Burleson. Judge Waller, on 
 behalf of the citizens, welcomed the President to the capital city in a bi ief but 
 well worded address. 
 
 The arrival of the President and his party gave renewed confidence to 
 the people ; emigrants were flocking to the new city, and buildings were rapidly 
 going up in every direction. In the latter part of October, 1839, the Austin 
 City Gazette was established by Sam Whiting, and shortly afterwards another 
 paper, called the Sentiiiel, was also established. 
 
 On the llth of November, 1839, the first session of the Fourth Congress met 
 at the new capital, and in a very short time commenced agitating the question of 
 a removal of the seat of government, and finally a bill was introduced to leave 
 the subject of removal to the people, which was very promptly voted down, 
 notwithstanding it was zealously supported by Gen. Houston, who was then a 
 member of Congress from San Augustine county. 
 
 Early in January, 1840, Mr. Amos Roark found the census of the city to 
 be as follows : " Seventy-five families, population eight hundred and fifty-six, 
 of which seven hundred and eleven were whites and one hundred and forty- 
 five blacks five hundred and fifty grown men, sixty-one ladies, one hundred 
 children, seventy-seven of which are large enough to go to school ; seventy- 
 three professors of religion seventeen Methodists, twelve Presbyterians, five 
 Cumberland Presbyterians, eleven Episcopalians, ten Baptists and ten Roman 
 Catholics ; two organized churches one Methodist and one Presbyterian ; two 
 Methodist preachers, one Cumberland Presbyterian and one Baptist preacher ; 
 one Sabbath school, one week day school, thirty-five mechanics, four lawyers, 
 six doctors, six inns, nine stores, nine groceries, one billiard table, six faro 
 banks, twenty gamblers, two silversmith shops, two printing offices and two 
 tailor shops." 
 
14 AUSTIN HER 
 
 Congress having passed an act incorporating the City of Austin, an elec- 
 tion under the charter was held January 13, 1840, and the first city officers 
 chosen, Judge Waller being elected Mayor, under whose administration the 
 city prospered greatly. The Supreme Court met for the first time in the city, 
 on the day of the election for city officers, Thomas J. Rusk being Chief Justice, 
 and James M. Robinson, John T. Mills, William J. Jones and Anthony B. 
 Shelby, Associate Justices ; William Fairfax Gray, clerk ; Preston Coulee, 
 sheriff, and after a session of thirteen days, adjourned. At the following ses- 
 sion, in 1841, Judge Rusk having retired from the bench, Judge John Hemp- 
 hill became Chief Justice, and on the 20th of January, 1841, the office of clerk 
 being declared vacant, Gen. Thomas Green was elected and continued in the posi- 
 tion until the breaking out of the civil war, in which he distinguished himself 
 as an able Brigadier General in Gen. Kirby Smith's army, sacrificing his life 
 in the gunboat engagement at Blair's Landing on Red River. 
 
 The independence of Texas had been acknowledged by the United States 
 (that government being represented by Geo. H. Flood, at the Capital of the 
 young Republic), England, and France. M. De Saligny, the French Minister, 
 had also arrived in the city, and had erected one of the finest residences then 
 in the State. About this time negotiations were pending between the Repub- 
 lic of Texas and France for a loan by the latter government to aid the develop- 
 ment of Texas. Had the loan been effected, it would unquestionably have 
 proved disastrous to the future grand career of the State. Fortunately, it was 
 prevented by some pigs belonging to Mr. Bullock, the principal hotel-keeper in 
 the city. The pigs were in the habit of running about the stable of the 
 French minister, much to the annoyance of a servant who finally killed them. 
 Mr. Bullock, in retaliation, whipped the servant, which action highly incensed 
 the French diplomat, and as a result his conduct became so obnoxious to the 
 Texas government that President Lamar requested his recall by France, which 
 request was promptly complied with, thus abruptly ending M. De Saligny's 
 career as minister plenipotentiary to the Republic of Texas, and the negotia- 
 tions for the French loan, at one and the same time. 
 
 On the second Monday of December, 1841, General Sam Houston (having 
 been elected President in the September previous), was inaugurated that 
 being the first and only inaugural of a President of the Republic that ever 
 occurred in Austin. In the following spring the Mexicans invaded Texas, 
 sacking the town of San Antonio, and causing such widespread alarm as to de- 
 cide the government administration upon seeking a safer habitat the princi- 
 pal archives, except those belonging to the General Land Office, being removed 
 to Houston. These latter the citizens of Austin determined to retain, in order 
 to secure to the city at least a portion of the general government. Several at- 
 tempts were made by the administration to recover possession of these archives, 
 
TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 15 
 
 but Austin pluckily held on to them, notwithstanding its people had their 
 hands full in guarding the city from the attacks of the savages, and in render- 
 ing assistance to repel the Mexican invaders of the State. They had invested 
 nearly a million of dollars in the city on the strength of its being the perma- 
 nent Capital of the Republic, and, when the strong arm of the government 
 was with unseemly haste withdrawn from their support, they manfully deter- 
 mined to protect themselves and the city, and at the same time preserve to 
 Austin its title as the Capital by keeping within its confines one of the princi- 
 pal departments of the general government. They proved themselves fully 
 equal for the trying emergencies, and but for their courage and resoluteness 
 the great State of Texas would in all probability have been virtually deprived 
 of its beautiful Capital City of to-day. 
 
 In the fall of 1844, Anson Jones was elected President of the Republic, a 
 complete change of government followed his inauguration. Congress adopted 
 measures for the annexation of Texas to the United States, and pursuant to the 
 President's call, the convention to frame a State Constitution, assembled at 
 Austin, July 4, 1845, the citizens having proposed, if the convention was 
 called, to assemble at Austin, to turn over the land office archives and abide by 
 whatever decision was rendered in regard to the matter. The convention 
 recognized Austin as the seat of government until 1850, in which year, by a 
 provision in the State constitution adopted, an election was to be held for the 
 purpose of locating the capital for twenty years. An election was accordingly 
 held on the first Monday in March, 1850, the result being in favor of Austin, 
 although Washington, Huntsville and Tehuacana were its rivals for the honor. 
 At the expiration of twenty years the city was declared the permanent capital 
 of the State by an overwhelming popular vote. From the time of the annex- 
 ation of Texas as a member of the Union, Austin continued to grow and 
 improve in a very substantial manner. A complete check to its prosperity was 
 occasioned, however, by the breaking out of the war, and in common with all 
 other parts of the South, the city sacrificed many valuable lives, as well as con- 
 siderable wealth in the struggle. After the close of that period there was no 
 material progress made by that city, until it became fixed upon as a railway 
 terminus. That event gave an impetus to business of every description, the 
 effect of which is to be seen in the magnificent development of to-day. True, 
 there has, in the meantime, been serious drawbacks to the progress of its com- 
 mercial interests, due to the fact that at the period when the tendency in that 
 direction first was greatest, the city was governed by an administration of the 
 moss-back description, which hung like a mill-stone about the neck of the city, 
 preventing its rise in response to the repeated calls of capital eagerly seeking 
 to develop its many commercial advantages. With the inauguration of a new 
 city government some five years ago, however, business at once revived, and 
 
16 AUSTIN HER 
 
 enterprise and progress being warmly welcomed to the city, has since made 
 wonderful strides in establishing Austin's commercial prosperity upon a broad 
 and substantial foundation. The enthusiastic predictions of the commission- 
 ers who located Austin, concerning its future as a great emporium of trade and 
 traffic, are being literally verified, even now, and there is no question that its 
 commercial importance will be many times greater when the first period of 
 fifty years of its existence expires. 
 
 Having thus briefly traced the rise of Austin from a mere hamlet com- 
 posed of but three families, and situated on the extreme frontier of the crude 
 civilization of forty years ago, to the present time, wherein it is a flourishing 
 city of about 18,000 inhabitants, and the capital seat of by all odds the greatest 
 State of the Union, let us now look at its innumerable advantages and 
 vast resources for becoming one of the most 
 
 PROMINENT CENTERS 
 
 of trade, commerce and manufactures in Texas. 
 
 Travis County, of which Austin is the county seat, was named in honor of 
 William Barret Travis, who fell in the cause of Texan independence, while 
 commanding the historic little garrison that fought to the death against the 
 overwhelming hordes of blood-thirsty Mexicans, which beseiged the doomed 
 Alamo in 1836. 
 
 The area of the county is 1,019 square miles, and, owing to the diversity 
 of its topography, soil and other characteristics, it is well adapted to the prof- 
 itable pursuit of a great variety of industries. It combines, in fact, many 
 of the distinctive features which separately characterize several sections of the 
 State. From the heavily timbered hills, in some places assuming the propor- 
 tion of mountains, in the Western portion, the surface slopes down to the rich 
 alluvial bottoms of the Colorado river and the rolling prairies in the Eastern 
 section. The cotton, grain and fruit producing lands lie side by side, and, in 
 consequence, the landscape presents a pleasing diversity of aspect, and the 
 products of the soil an unusual and profitable variety. The Colorado river 
 flows through the county from West to East, in a somewhat Southerly course. 
 It ranks first among the rivers of the State in size, but, owing to the shoals 
 and falls in its channel, is not navigable. (In 1846 or 1847 a steamboat made 
 the trip to Austin, and a regular navigation company was organized to clean 
 out the river. In 1851 another steamer made her appearance at Austin, and 
 was expected to make regular trips. The Board of Aldermen passed an 
 ordinance establishing a regular landing, regulating wharfage and fees of 
 wharf master, etc. That was the last trip of the " Colorado Ranger," or any 
 other steamboat to Austin. It is predicted, however, that the Colorado river 
 will yet be regularly navigated to Austin.) Along its banks are some of the 
 most fertile and beautiful farms in the State, and also the most picturesque 
 
TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 17 
 
 scenery. It pursues a zig-zag course across the county, thereby watering a 
 large area, while the Perdernales river, in the Western corner, with a number 
 of smaller streams flowing into the Colorado on either side, further increase 
 the water resources of the county. 
 
 Water for drinking purposes is obtained from wells at moderate depth, 
 but it is generally more or less impregnated with lime, in consequence of 
 which cistern water is preferred, and very generally used. 
 
 The county, in addition to being well watered, possesses the scarcely less 
 valuable condition of being abundantly timbered. About four-fifths of the 
 area is more or less densely covered by a growth comprising almost every 
 species of tree known to Texas, except the pine and sweet gum, which indeed 
 are rarely to be found elsewhere than in the Eastern and Southeastern portions 
 of the State. The hills and uplands abound in cedar and oak of the several 
 kinds, while the bottoms and rolling lands are studded with the pecan, 
 hickory, ash, walnut, elm, cypress, hackberry, bois d' arc, mesquite and cot- 
 tonwood. Many of these woods possess qualities of hardness and durability 
 which make them valuable for building, mechanical and manufacturing pur- 
 poses. 
 
 The good farming lands embrace about five-eights of the area, one-fifth 
 of which is under cultivation, the remainder being devoted to grazing, or still 
 undisturbed forest land. 
 
 Under proper cultivation, the average yield per acre is of seed cotton, 800 
 to 1,000 pounds; corn, 30 bushels; wheat, 16 bushels; oats, 50 to 75 bushels; 
 rye, 15 bushels; barley, 45 to 60 bushels; sweet potatoes, 200 bushels; Irish 
 potatoes, 90 bushels ; sorghum syrup, 3 barrels ; millet, 3 tons ; and prairie 
 hay, 1 ton. Garden vegetables, melons, fruits and berries of almost every kind 
 common to the temperate zone do well. Apples, however, have never been 
 successfully raised, but peaches, plums and figs are particularly fine and plen- 
 tiful. 
 
 Agricultural implements of the latest and most improved patterns are in 
 general use, and the adaptation of the crop to the soil and climate is receiving 
 increased attention. Indeed, all thing considered, the methods of agriculture 
 in the County of Travis may be said to be as intelligent and progressive as in 
 any portion of the South. While it is true that the native Southern farmer is 
 still inclined to devote himself rather too exclusively to cotton culture, leaving 
 experimental farming to others, the immigrant brings with him predilections 
 quite as strong in favor of the staple products of the land of his birth. Thus 
 many crops which tradition has declared unsuited to the soil and climate, have 
 been introduced and are now successfully cultivated. Barley may be men- 
 tioned as an instance of this progress. The abundance and certainty of its 
 yield have commended it as a valuable addition to the stock-feed products, if 
 
18 AUSTIN HER 
 
 not in large measure as a substitute for corn, which is not regarded as an alto- 
 gether reliable crop in this section, owing to an occasional absence of plentiful 
 rainfall during its short critical maturing season. 
 Considerable attention is paid to 
 
 STOCK RAISING 
 
 in the country, either as a separate pursuit, or in connection with farming. A 
 large part of the area not enclosed for farm purposes is carpeted with a luxu- 
 riant growth of mesquite grass, the most nutritious of the native grasses of 
 the State. There is also the Colorado bottom grass, which springs up in the 
 cultivated fields in the river bottoms, and for hay is considered almost equal to 
 oats. Two crops a year are grown, about three and a half tons to the acre. 
 Cattle, horses, mules and goats are raised on the range at small expense, 
 requiring but little care or attention. Sheep also are kept for the most part of 
 the year on the range, but during the winter it is essential to give them more 
 or less feed, especially in inclement weather. With reasonable care, they keep 
 in good condition, are subject to no disease, increase at the rate of sixty per 
 cent., and yield a fleece of four to six pounds per annum, worth in Austin, the 
 home market, twenty-five cents per pound. Hogs require attention and some 
 feed throughout the year, otherwise they are not successfully raised on the 
 range. Domestic fowls of all kinds are profitably raised, and wild game, such 
 as deer, turkeys, geese, ducks, quail, plover and rabbits, is abundant. The 
 larger streams in the country also yield a good supply of fish, the trout and 
 perch being particularly fine, though not as plentiful as catfish, buffalo, fresh 
 w r ater mullet and some other less dainty species of the finny tribe. 
 
 Such, in brief, are the general features, from an agricultural standpoint, of 
 the immediate country surrounding Austin, and that they are of an unusually 
 attractive order none will deny. It must also be borne in mind that Austin 
 is the natural distributing market for the surplus agricultural products of a 
 vast scope of territory contiguous to Travis County, and which also is unsur- 
 passed for productiveness and diversified yield by any section of the State. 
 
 WATER POWER. 
 
 Nature appears to have especially designed the site of Austin for manu- 
 facturing purposes, judging by the magnificent water power it possesses. .Just 
 above the city there is a fall of ten and a half feet in the Colorado river, 
 which, according to competent judges who have made a critical examination of 
 its character and the volume of water rushing over the descent, affords abun- 
 dant power for propelling the machinery of a vast number of manufacturing 
 industries. But a very small percentage of this power, has thus far been util- 
 ized one flouring mill being operated by it, which though not by any means 
 an enterprise remarkable for its extensiveness, has nevertheless proved a 
 highly profitable investment to its owners, and is an ample demonstration of 
 
TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 19 
 
 what other manufacturers can do. And unquestionably this grand water 
 power will be utilized to its utmost limit by manufacturing capital in a very 
 short period of time, now that its advantages are known to have been thor- 
 oughly tested by practical men, and the rapid development of the city since 
 its acquirement of the many essential artificial facilities, makes it a field so 
 especially inviting to that class of industries which relies chiefly upon cheap 
 motive power for success. 
 
 COAL. 
 
 The abundant timber growth in the vicinity of Austin insures the city an 
 ample fuel supply for ordinary purposes for many years to come, and at cheap 
 rates. But for generating steam and the various manufacturing purposes, it is 
 absolutely necessary for an abundant supply of coal to be available to a city, 
 and a supply too, that is of a superior quality and low-priced. It has been the 
 lack of this most essential commodity and its immense cost, that has so 
 retarded the growth of manufacturing industries in Texas. This serious 
 obstruction, however, is now rapidly being removed by the development of the 
 coal measures of the State, which scientific explorations have demonstrated to 
 be so vast in quantity, excellent in quality, and so available to every section of 
 the State, that there is no longer a question of doubt as to the ability of Texas 
 to furnish all the coal necessary for its own wants manufacturing or other- 
 wise but to produce a large surplus each year for export. 
 
 Austin is peculiarly fortunate in having an inexhaustible supply located 
 just without its gateways, in what is known as the 
 
 ROCKDALE COAL MINES. 
 
 The extensive coal field, owned and operated by the Austin and Central 
 Texas Coal Company, is situated on the International and Great Northern Rail- 
 way, in Milan County, only 61 miles from the city. The first vein occurs 40 
 feet below the surface, and is six feet thick. Another vein, twelve inches in 
 thickness, is found 31 feet below the first vein, the seams being interstratified 
 with one foot of excellent fire-clay, 13 feet of sand, one foot of augite and 15 
 feet of clay. At a further depth of 6 feet of clay occurs a third seam of coal, 
 7 feet 6 inches thick, overlying a very superior bed of fire-clay, beneath which 
 explorations have not gone. These mines have been defined as covering an 
 area of 250 acres in extent, without making a single break, and the interlying 
 formations so far as reached, indicates a large number of seams before strik- 
 ing the bottom rocks, commonly known as mill-stone grit ; thus justifying the 
 opinion that the Rockdale coal beds are for all practical purposes simply 
 exhaustless. The coal is bituminous, of the canne^variety, ignites easily, burns 
 with a very bright flame and has a specific gravity of 1.33. An analysis made 
 by Professor Dinwiddle, shows the following to be its component properties : 
 Ash, 6,565 ; sulpher, 2,880 ; hydro-carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen gasses, 90,555. 
 
20 AUSTIN HER 
 
 The Professor, in reporting this showing, says : " This result is reliable and 
 makes the coal very valuable, and destined to soon come into active demand 
 in Texas. I am sure it will make a cheap and good gas." 
 
 The closing assertion of the Professor, as to its gas producing qualities, is 
 fully sustained by the following comparative test, reported by Mr. C. M. 
 Holmes, Superintendent of the Austin Gas Works : " After a careful test of 
 your coal as to the quantities of gases it contains, I find it to compare with 
 other coals as follows, in feet of gas obtained from a pound of coal : Rock- 
 dale, .650 ; McAllister, (Indian Territory) 4.50 ; Pittsburg, 4.10. The residual 
 products in the Rockdale coal are comparatively worthless." 
 
 Upon this basis the following comparison in the relative values for the 
 manufacture of gas of the Rockdale and McAllister coals speaks for itself: 
 
 ROCKDALE. 
 
 2,000 Ibs. coal yield 13,000 feet of gas, at $4.00 $52.00 
 
 Coke 
 
 Tar 
 
 Deduct cost of coal 5.00 
 
 Net value $47.00 
 
 MCALLISTER. 
 
 2,000 Ibs. coal yield 9,000 feet of gas, at $4.00 $36.00 
 
 Coke, f ton, at $8.50 5.66 
 
 Tar, 36 gallons at 12jc 4.50 
 
 Total $46.16 
 
 Deduct $7.50, cost of coal, and there remains a balance of $8.34 in favor 
 of the home product at Rockdale, which fact alone is sufficient to commend 
 it to Superintendents of Texas gas works and other manufacturers as well. 
 
 The opening up of these magnificent deposits of light and heat, that 
 have been slumbering in the bosom of the earth for untold centuries cannot 
 fail of adding materially to the future resources of the State, while the influ- 
 ence therefrom bearing directly upon the prosperity of this city is so obvious 
 as to make further comment superfluous. 
 
 With the coal interests of Texas fully developed, we will see manufactur- 
 ing interests of every kind and character springing up throughout the State. 
 Particularly will this be the case in the matter of 
 
 IRON, 
 
 the ore of which exists in inexhaustible quantities and at so many different 
 points as to make not alone the numerous particular sections in which it 
 abounds, but the entire State, feel a keen interest in the development of this 
 
TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 21 
 
 latent resource which, like a sleeping giant, now is to arouse up in the not 
 distant future and wield its mighty power in promoting the prosperity of 
 Texas. There is iron ore, pronounced by such competent and learned 
 scientists as Dr. Shumard, formerly State Geologist, the late Professor Boll, of 
 Dallas, and several other well known authorities, as being identical with the 
 renowned gray ore of England and Wales, in this State alone, sufficient to 
 supply the United States for generations, for every purpose for which iron and 
 steel may be needed. With the erection of an adequate number of furnaces, 
 rolling mills and foundries in Texas (as there will be in a very little while), 
 the railroads already built in our State, and those yet to be built, will be able 
 to have supplied them all the iron and steel rails they may need, all the bolts, 
 fish plates, wheels, axles and ironing for their cars, made on the spot from the 
 raw material produced in Texas, thus saving the immense costs of transpor- 
 tation they now have to pay ; the farmer will have manufactured at his very 
 doors, as it were, every description of farming machinery and implements he 
 may require, and, in short, every know r n article fashioned out of iron or steel 
 and which (except to a very limited extent) we are now compelled to import, 
 will be manufactured in the State of Texas out of the ore produced by Texas. 
 Reference to any comprehensive work on the mineral resources of the State, 
 will show that every county in which coal has been found also abounds in 
 iron, for it seems to be an invariable fact that wherever, in the alembic of 
 nature, one of the minerals has been formed, the other is close by. Vulcan 
 and his forge would be useless without proper fuel, which alone is coal, and 
 a beneficent nature rarely, if ever, gives iron ore without coal. Extensive 
 deposits of iron ore are known to exist in the vicinity of Austin, and now that 
 the development of the coal formations in this section have actively com- 
 menced, the development of the iron will naturally follow, and there is good 
 reasons to believe it will not long be delayed. Enterprising capital is con- 
 tinually on the alert in this ever restless pushing country of ours, and the 
 opportunity for profitable investment does not long remain without a claimant. 
 And as an evidence of the favorable opportunities which await iron manu- 
 facturing capital in Austin, it is only necessary to direct the readers' attention 
 to the immense iron ore deposits of Llano county. About 12 miles from the 
 town of Llano, there is a massive iron hill 30 feet high above its visible base, 
 800 feet long and 500 feet wide, and 300 feet above the surface of the Llano 
 river at low water mark. It is a solid compact mass of iron ore which has 
 been tested and found to yield 70 per cent, of pure iron (some specimens have 
 assayed as high as 95 per cent.), whereas 50 per cent, is considered an excellent 
 yield in the Pennsylvania mines ; and, inoreover, this ore from the iron 
 mountain of Llano county is identical with the best quality of Swedish iron. 
 Immense blocks of iron ore are scattered profusely around the base of the 
 
22 AUSTIN HER 
 
 hill ; and not only are timber and good water plentiful about it, but limestone 
 rocks of the paleozoic and cretaceous descriptions exist in abundance. 
 
 Eight miles distant to the northwest is a large bed of magnetic iron ore, 
 situated between two ridges of granite. The untold thousands of tons of iron 
 in this region are only about 80 miles from the City of Austin, and they will 
 soon be placed at our very doors, as it were, by the extension (now in progress) 
 of the Austin & Northwestern railway, from its present terminus at Burnet, 
 60 miles distant from Austin. Vast beds of iron ore also exist in San Saba 
 County, 90 miles northwest of Austin, and on the projected line of the same 
 railway just mentioned. 
 
 Possessed of such rare advantages, can anyone doubt that Austin will 
 eventually become a great iron manufacturing point ? 
 
 It is also interesting to note that the city has an abundance of 
 
 COPPER 
 
 at its control. Llano County, where iron ore is plentiful, is equally as prolific 
 in copper ore. Prof. Steeruwitz says : " I found near the surface copper ores 
 peacock ore, blue and green carbonate assaying 56 per cent, of copper, 
 besides 87 ounces of silver to the ton, and strong traces of gold, and outcrops 
 of gray copper ore, with 627 ounces of silver to the ton ; and I traced this 
 copper belt from the northern part of Llano County through Burnet, Mason 
 and Menard Counties." " Owens' mine," at the head of Pecan Creek, in Llano 
 County, is now worked with improved machinery, and the ore being taken out 
 assays $300 worth of pure copper to the ton. 
 
 SILVER BEARING LEAD ORES, 
 
 mostly galena, also crop out in Llano County and can be easily traced to San 
 Saba and Burnet Counties, in which latter county, near Bluffton, old Spanish 
 shafts and tunnels still exist. 
 
 BUILDING STONE, 
 
 of every description exists in abundance throughout the State the marbles, 
 limestones, and gray and red granites being unexcelled in qualities by any of 
 the famed productions of the world, as may be readily demonstrated by the 
 specimens used in the construction of the magnificent capitol building now in 
 course of erection at Austin, the material for which is obtained from quarries 
 almost within sight of the capital city. Layers of 
 
 MARBLE, 
 
 of different colors, and rare and beautiful varieties are found in extensive f >r- 
 mations along the Colorado River. Of the specimens contributed by this sec- 
 tion to the collection gathered by the agent of the United States Census Bu- 
 reau, the agent in charge says : " We consider them very beautiful, and have 
 
TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 23 
 
 dressed them with much care. They are mineralogically interesting, and dif- 
 ferent from any other marble in our collection." At what is known as 
 Marble Falls, in Burnet County, the Colorado River makes an abrupt descent 
 of about 100 feet over a solid bed of marble. The deposit along this stream 
 varies in tint from the purest white to jet black, and is highly valuable for 
 building purposes, ornamental or statuary work. The mountains in Llano 
 County, in many places, are composed of 
 
 SOLID GRANITE. 
 
 Burnet County is also prolific in gray and red granites, the latter believed 
 to be identical with the celebrated Scotch granite. Blanco County, too, abounds 
 in granite and marble. These vast deposits of marble, granite and limestones, 
 lying the counties of Blanco, Burnet, Llano and San Saba, are within a radius 
 of from 50 to 100 miles of Austin, and the city is, or shortly will be, in direct 
 communication with them through the medium of the Austin & Northwestern 
 Railway. That the working of marble and granite will become a large and 
 profitable industry in the city in the near future, is, in fact, assured by the pro- 
 gress already made in that direction by the enterprising spirits engaged in lay- 
 ing its foundations. 
 
 But further details concerning Austin's advantages by reason of its conti- 
 guity to the raw material furnished by Nature's mineral storehouses, is unneces- 
 sary, for it is now a well known fact that the mineral resources of Texas cannot 
 be surpassed by any State in the Union, in variety, quantity and quality, and 
 it is equally apparent, from its geographical location, that no city in the Lone 
 Star State is more eligibly situated with reference to easy accessibility to these 
 endless mines of wealth than the capital city Austin. 
 
 TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES. 
 
 The actual progress of a city, no matter how varied and extensive its 
 natural advantages may be, must always be measured by the character and 
 scope of its transportation facilities. And more particularly is this true con- 
 cerning a city without widely extending navigable water-ways at its command. 
 The Colorado River, upon which the city of Austin is located, ranks first 
 among the rivers of the State in size, but, unfortunately, owing to the shoals 
 and falls in its channel that stream is not navigable, and it is useless to attempt 
 to conceal the fact that to make it so, would involve such an enormous expen- 
 diture of money, that in all probability its improvement to that extent will 
 never be undertaken. And, furthermore, however desirable such an 
 end would be to this city, it could scarcely be considered the part of wisdom 
 to do so, not alone for reasons quite obvious from a manufacturing standpoint, 
 but in view of the far more efficient method for transportation at our command 
 in the form of 
 
24 AUSTIN HER 
 
 RAILROADS, 
 
 and the wonderful progress science is continually making in the improvement 
 of their standard. That they are infinitely superior to all other carrier sj^stems 
 is now a fact too well established to be controverted, and each year increases 
 the public confidence in their developing influence upon the world at large, 
 and in no section of it so particularly as in America. They bring immigra- 
 tion to a new country, cause new towns and villages to spring up ; make towns 
 and cities already in existence to grow and increase in material prosperity, and 
 give a stimulus to every resource of the land through which they pass. They 
 are, in the highest sense, the advance guards of civilization, and they foster 
 and encourage not only civilization, progress and development themselves, but 
 create a corresponding tendency in their every adjunct. 
 
 The claims that railroads make a State, in so far as concerns Texas, is a 
 matter by no means difficult to substantiate. It is verified at once by the mar- 
 velous growth of railroading itself in the State during the past fifteen years. 
 At the close of the war in 1865, there was less than 300 miles of railroad, and 
 of that small mileage, but little outside of the seventy miles operated by the 
 Houston and Texas Central, between Houston and Navasota, and the fifty 
 miles belonging to the Galveston, Houston and Henderson line, was of any 
 importance. The State, in common with all the Southern States at that period, 
 being financially prostrated, the people being poor and having to commence at 
 the bottom once more to find a comfortable living, and immigration being 
 only a thing in name, there was little or no encouragement for railroad enter- 
 prises, and less capital for investment in them. Still, the roads then in the 
 State were not disheartened, and though their progress was naturally quite 
 slow, at the close of the first five years after the war we had about 500 miles 
 of railway lines, the whole of which was in very excellent running condition. 
 In 1870 the railroad boom struck the State fairly and squarely, and, as a re- 
 sult, in the extent of railroad mileage, Texas to-day ranks as Sixth among the 
 States, with over 6,000 miles, increased from 865 miles in 1871. What its 
 rank will be ten years hence may be surmised from the following comparison 
 of railroad growth in the six States having the greatest mileage at this date, 
 during the past fourteen years : 
 
 <sT A Tire 
 
 MILKS OF 
 
 HAIL,I)A1>. 
 
 
 1871. 
 
 1884. 
 
 Illinois 
 
 5901 
 
 9068 
 
 New York . ... 
 
 I 74" 
 
 7,369 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 3,740 
 
 7,488 
 
 Ohio 
 
 4,476 
 
 7,322 
 
 Iowa 
 
 3 160 
 
 7,495 
 
 Texas. . 
 
 STw 
 
 6,147 
 
TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 25 
 
 Austin was one of the first important points in the State to feel the bene- 
 ficial effects of the railroad boom, and, literally speaking, whatever progress it 
 has made since then, and its present bright prospects, are due solely to its rail- 
 way connections, which places it in direct communication with every section 
 of the State, and makes it readily accessible by through lines from any point 
 in the Union. 
 
 The pioneer road to enter the Capital City, was the 
 
 HOUSTON AND TEXAS CENTRAL, 
 
 in 1871, which in December of that year completed its branch, then called the 
 "Austin Air Line Branch," extending from Hempstead, 115 miles east of Aus- 
 tin, on the main stem of the H. & T. C., but now known as the 
 
 WESTERN DIVISION 
 
 of that road. By this line of railway, Austin is placed within 166 miles of 
 Houston, and 216 miles of the gulf port of Galveston. The Houston & Texas 
 Central is the oldest railway system in the State, having been chartered March 
 11, 1848, and as its name indicates, the road traverses the very heart of Texas, 
 the trunk line extending north from Houston on the gulf coast, to Denison on 
 the Red River slopes, a distance of 338 miles, while through its extensive 
 branches, and the numerous other lines with which it makes close connection, 
 it penetrates every portion of the State, making it upon the whole, one of the 
 important trunk railways in the entire country. The total mileage operated 
 by the system is as follows : 
 
 Main Line (Houston to Denison) 338 miles. 
 
 Western Division (Hempstead to Austin) 115 " 
 
 Northwestern Division (Bremond to Albany) 221 " 
 
 Northeastern Division (Garrett to Roberts) 52 " 
 
 Waxahachie Division (Garrett to Waxahachie) 12 " 
 
 Total mileage 738 miles. 
 
 The Missouri Pacific connections and the northwestern division feeds it 
 with cattle shipped to the gulf, but the western division has the greatest cotton 
 tonnage of all, as it passes through the -wealthy and populous farming region, 
 embracing the Colorado and Brazos River Valleys. 
 
 INTERNATIONAL & GREAT NORTHERN RAILWAY. 
 
 The International & Great Northern Railway entered Austin January 1, 
 1877, and as an energetic and enterprising competitor for its passenger and 
 freight traffic, has proved a valuable adjunct in the development of the city. 
 
 This road which constitutes one of the most important factors in the 
 great Missouri Pacific trunk system was created by the consolidation, Sept. 
 22,*1873, of the International, chartered August 17, 1870, and opened to Long- 
 
26 AUSTIN HER 
 
 view, distant from Houston 232 miles, and 81 miles from Palestine, in Decem- 
 ber 1872, and the Houston & Great Northern, chartered October 22, 1866, and 
 opened to Palestine, 151 miles distant from Houston, in 1872. Longview is the 
 terminus of the main line, which, since the Galveston, Houston & Henderson 
 Railway came under control of the Missouri-Pacific system, has been termed 
 the Gulf Division. 
 
 The old line chartered as the Houston, Tap & Brazoria Railway, Sept. 1, 
 1856, and completed in 1860, was purchased by the Houston & Great Northern 
 Company in 1871, and of course now forms a part of the consolidation of the 
 International & Great Northern, and consequently is also embraced in the 
 Missouri-Pacific system. This road pierces the great sugar district of Texas, 
 extending from Houston to Columbia, a distance of 50 miles, and is an important 
 feeder to the commerce of the entire State. 
 
 The International & Great Northern now operates 825 miles of road (all of 
 which lies within the State), as follows : 
 
 Main Line Long view to Galveston 282 miles. 
 
 Henderson Branch Overton to Henderson 16 " 
 
 Mineola " Troupe to Mineola 44 " 
 
 San Antonio Division Palestine to Laredo 415 " 
 
 Georgetown Branch Round Rock to Georgetown 10 " 
 
 Huntsville -Phelps to Huntsville 8 " 
 
 Columbia " Houston to Columbia 50 " 
 
 Total 825 miles. 
 
 The San Antonio division passes directly through Austin on its way to 
 Laredo, on the Rio Grande, 234 miles distant, where it connects with the 
 Mexican system of railways. The distance of San Antonio to the Capital City 
 is 80 miles, and while this division of the road enables us to draw, without 
 limit, upon the vast wealth of that region prolific in agricultural and pastoral 
 products, it also brings to our doors the multifarious products of .the eastern 
 sections of the State, and affords one of the most exhaustive outlets for our 
 own surplus products. In fact, through this division of the International & 
 Great Northern Railway, Austin has command of the entire 6,045 miles of 
 railway now being operated by the system known as the 
 
 MISSOURI PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY, 
 
 and which embraces the Missouri Pacific Railway proper; St. Louis, Iron 
 Mountain & Southern Railway ; Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railway ; Interna- 
 tional & Great Northern Railroad ; Galveston, Houston & Henderson Railroad ; 
 Texas & Pacific Railway ; Central Branch Union Pacific Railway, and Sedalia, 
 Warsaw & Southern Railroad. The ramifications of this vast system of rail- 
 way lines in the States of Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, Missouri, Nebraska, 
 
TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 27 
 
 Kansas and the Indian Territory, are of the most important as well as exten- 
 sive character, and the advantages derived from it by the Capital City are 
 incomparably great. 
 
 AUSTIN & NORTHWESTERN RAILWAY. 
 
 The Austin & Northwestern Railway, which is now being rapidly pushed 
 in the direction its name indicates, is destined to become one of the most 
 important of Austin's main arteries of commerce, as it cannot fail to be the 
 means of largely augmenting the general trade of the city, by opening up the 
 wide extent of fertile and growing country to the North and West. Its initial 
 point is Austin, and it may well be called, strictly speaking, a Colorado River 
 railway, as it clings to the rich shores of that grand stream throughout its 
 entire route as projected thus far. The line as surveyed, traverses the counties 
 of Travis, Williamson, Burnet, Lampasas, Brown and Coleman, in the order 
 named, crossing the Brushy and Gabriel Rivers on its route, and passes through 
 not only some of the finest agricultural land in the State, but its way lies 
 through a region of untold mineral wealth. 
 
 Coleman County, in which the extreme northwestern point to which the 
 line of survey has reached is located, lies in the belt of country west of a line 
 running from the mouth of Little Wichita, on the Red River, to the mouth of 
 Pecan Bayou, on the Colorado River, which; according to competent geologists, 
 discloses unmistakable indications of true coal formation, and also of the best 
 quality of iron ore. Brown County lies in the same geological belt, and in 
 addition to coal and iron, contains copper, silver and lead, and also petroleum 
 in large quantities two wells in Brownwood (the county seat) at a depth of 
 from 90 to 120 feet, yield 80 per cent, of pure oil. 
 
 Lampasas County is noted for its numerous white sulphur and chalybeate 
 springs, the waters of which possess valuable medicinal properties. The prin- 
 cipal of these, the Hanna and Hancock Springs, each have a flow of 1,000 gal- 
 lons per minute. The Lampasas springs are not only patronized to a very great 
 extent by invalids, but their combined natural and artificial attractions are of 
 such a character as to make them extremely popular as a resort at all seasons 
 for pleasure-seekers and tourists generally. The general elevation is about 
 1,200 feet above the sea level, and from the tops of the hills near at hand a 
 beautiful and varied panorama of valleys, streams and fields is presented, and 
 much of the mountain scenery is picturesque and grand. They are situated 
 near the town^of Lampasas, the county seat, and are 65 miles northwest of the 
 Capital City. 
 
 Burnett County possesses iron ore, and, to a less extent, lead, gold and 
 silver ; but its most prominent features, and by far its most valuable, from a 
 utilitarian point of view, are its immense deposits of limestone of superior 
 quality ; its gray and red granites, the latter identical with the Scotch granite ; 
 
28 AUSTIN HER 
 
 and its vast beds of marble, varying in tint from pure white to jet black, many 
 of the shades being particularly rare and beautiful. These granites and mar- 
 bles are pronounced by government experts at Washington City, after having 
 subjected specimens to scientific tests, to be equal to the best American or 
 imported stone of the kinds. They are largely used in the Capital building 
 now under construction in our city. Burnet, the county seat, sixty miles dis- 
 tant from Austin, is the present terminus of the Austin and Northwestern. 
 
 In Williamson County (the county next adjoining Travis County on the 
 line of the Austin and Northwestern), iron ore, silver and petroleum are known 
 to exist, and there are surface indications of coal, but the extent of the depos- 
 its have not yet been determined. The county is rapidly becoming noted for 
 its valuable wool clip, sheep-raising now being conducted upon a very large 
 scale, particular attention being paid to the highest-improved breeds. The 
 largest single clip of wool from one sheep, exhibited at the International Cot- 
 ton Exposition at Atlanta, Ga., in 1881 , was the fleece of a Williamson County 
 sheep. It weighed forty-four pounds, and the same animal yielded for five 
 years an average of thirty-five pounds and one ounce of wool per annum. 
 An abundance of the raw material right in the adjoining county, at once sug- 
 gests Austin as a highly advantageous site for wool manufacturing, to say 
 nothing of its contributions to the commerce of our city now that the Austin 
 and Northwestern gives the wool-growers of that community a direct and 
 speedy transit for their product to Austin's market. 
 
 The counties bordering upon those through which the main line of the 
 Austin and Northwestern Railway is surveyed, are equally noted for their 
 abundant and varied products, and as rapidly as the main stem is extended, 
 they will undoubtedly be made more directly tributary to both the road and 
 Austin, by the construction of branch lines. In fact, the benefits which Aus- 
 tin will derive from this line of railway will be of the most substantial charac- 
 ter, and while we make all proper allowance for any exaggeration of the extent 
 of the future benefits that the present highly flattering prospects may occasion, 
 it is palpably plain that the intrinsic value of the Austin and Northwestern 
 Railway to the Capital of the State will prove far greater than the conserva- 
 tive minded who put their entire faith in the road now anticipate. 
 
 There are several other lines of railway in contemplation, but inasmuch 
 as they have not yet arrived at that stage of maturity that warrants their 
 being called established facts, though ultimately they will become such, it is 
 unnecessary to consume space in outlining their proposed routes. With the 
 three well equipped railroads already in active operation two of which are 
 great trunk lines ramifying every section of the State and affording the most 
 thorough systems of direct communication with all parts of the Union and 
 the city being the center of an extensive territory, the trade of which is other- 
 
TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 29 
 
 wise unprovided for, there is no longer a question for doubt that Austin has 
 promising and perhaps more permanent guarantees of commercial, and also 
 manufacturing greatness, than many more pretentious and demonstrative 
 cities in Texas. 
 
 COMMERCIAL INTERESTS. 
 
 Amid the many other and more engaging attractions peculiar to the 
 Capital of the State, its business interests have never been accorded the promi- 
 nent attention of the public to which, from their character and extent, they 
 seem justly entitled. However, this apparent indifference has in no wise 
 deterred the march of progress, and through the quiet, but none the less vig- 
 orous, enterprise of our merchants the city's commercial prosperity is being 
 steadily and surely advanced, each year showing a marked improvement upon 
 the record of the preceding one, and determining more positively the future 
 greatness of Austin as a business center. A fair illustration of the energetic 
 spirit controlling in the business circles, is to be seen in the amount of freight 
 handled at this point by the railways entering the city. During the season of 
 1883-84 the amount handled was placed at 292,000,000 pounds, or 146,000 
 tons, an increase of about 10,000 tons on the freight operations of the previ- 
 ous fiscal year, while this season it is estimated the aggregate will reach fully 
 160,000 tons, if the total tonnage does not exceed that figure. 
 
 Another evidence of our commercial progress, is found in the marked 
 growth of the city as a 
 
 COTTON 
 
 market. For the season ending in 1882, the shipments of cotton from Austin 
 were placed at 24,000 bales. The figures put down for the past season fixes 
 the shipments at 46,000 bales, an increase of over 90 per cent, in two years. 
 
 To the close observer of the active movements of our cotton men of late, 
 sufficient evidence is discovered to show that the work of development in the 
 proper direction has actually begun and that the outlook of this principal 
 factor in the city's ultimate distinguished position among the royally appointed 
 commercial centers of the Western hemisphere, was never so promising as at 
 present. Now that we have a cotton compress that mighty and indispensible 
 adjunct for perfecting the facilities for handling the fleecy staple advantage- 
 ously, it is safe to predict that the Capital City is entering an era of prosperity 
 to which it has hitherto been a stranger, and which will improve under the 
 judicious management of spirited and progressive enterprise to a degree 
 unparalled in the experience of Southern cities. 
 
 The 
 
 COTTON COMPRESS, 
 
 of which we speak, and to which must be largely attributed the rapid increase 
 of cotton receipts and shipments at this point, has a capacity of 600 bales per 
 
30 AUSTIN HER 
 
 day. The company operating it was incorporated in 1883, with a capital stock 
 of $50,000. The inauguration of this most valuable commercial enterprise, 
 establishes the fact that, that element of dash long underlying the business 
 movements of the city, has reached the surface, and upon the crested wave of 
 progress it is rolling onward to the haven of success. The controlling power 
 has been assumed by the younger, and the more vigorous business men, and 
 " old fogyism," realizing that its sway has virtually ended, will speedily disap- 
 pear forver, its dismal croakings and cadaverous form only being recalled to 
 memor} 7 - to more forcibly illustrate to future generations the grand results of 
 ambitious life ruled by advanced progress. Austin's future is in safe hands 
 hands strong and willing, and impelled to constant doing by the warm and 
 enthusiastic blood of hearts full of faith and courage. Its success is assured. 
 
 WOOL. 
 
 The shipments of -wool, which two years ago were estimated at 975,000 
 pounds, now reach about one and a quarter million pounds. The contiguity 
 of Austin to the wool growing sections of the State and its excellent facilities 
 for handling this invaluable product, guarantees our wool market a future pros- 
 perity that will be scarcely excelled by that of our cotton interests. 
 
 HIDES 
 
 also constitute an important factor in the commerce of Austin, on account of 
 its favorable advantages as a distributing point. Probably not less than 400,- 
 000 pounds per annum are now handled in this market and the steady growth 
 of operations augurs a future in which the extent will scarcely have a limit. 
 
 The annual shipments of cattle are about 20,000 head ; sheep, 2,000 head ; 
 horses, 1,200 head. With such other commodities as cotton seed, hay, pecans, 
 and general agricultural products, the total value of shipments closely approx- 
 imate $2,000,000. 
 
 This aggregate, however, does not include the transactions in 
 
 LUMBER, 
 
 which, inclusive of shipments and the local trade, amounts to fully $2,000,000 
 per annum. It is thus seen that the commerce of Austin in the surplus pro- 
 ducts of the territory tributary to its markets, will foot up the very handsome 
 sum of nearly four million dollars per annum, a creditable showing, indeed, 
 for an interior market, and which is also surrounded by the innumerable 
 absorbing influences naturally belonging to the great political center of the 
 State. 
 
 But there are even more striking evidences of its business development to 
 be seen in what are strictly termed the 
 
 MERCANTILE INTERESTS 
 
 of the city, and into which enter, chiefly, those commodities we import, to be 
 
TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 31 
 
 distributed in job lots to the terrritory making Austin its base of supply, and 
 to the local consumers through the retail channels of trade. 
 Among the more important of these interests are 
 
 GROCERIES. 
 
 The last statistics of Austin's commerce published about two years ago, 
 showed the total valuation of the grocery trade to be $2,500,000. If it has 
 only increased 20 per cent, since then, it now amounts to $3,000,000 per 
 annum, though we are strongly inclined to believe that this estimate of increase 
 would prove rather under the actual figures, could there be a correct statement 
 of the trades operations compiled, which unfortunately is not possible, owing to 
 the lack of complete data. 
 
 This difficulty of securing full and reliable information is not peculiar to 
 the grocery trade alone, however. It prevails in every branch of business 
 mercantile and manufacturing because of there being as yet no board ot trade, 
 or other organization established, to make a special feature of compiling the 
 most complete and authentic statistics of the entire business interests of the 
 city. As long as this lack of a body corporated together for the purpose of 
 advancing the several trade and industrial interests of the city by the most 
 comprehensive methods familiar to this . intelligent age continues, there will 
 exist the difficulty of obtaining complete data showing the annual value of any 
 particular one branch of trade, either commerce or manufactures, or the total 
 value of our business interests combined. It is to be hoped, however, that the 
 progressive spirit which now pervades all circles of trade will speedily develop 
 the improvement herein suggested, thereby greatly facilitating business opera- 
 tions of every description, mutually benefitting all alike, and rendering far 
 more gratifying the task of those who undertake to exhibit to the public at 
 home and abroad, the substantial advancement of the Capital City of Texas as 
 an important business center of the country. 
 
 DRY GOODS. 
 
 Like groceries, dry goods are staple commodities of life and occupy a rul- 
 ing position in trade. The business men who have control of this interest in 
 Austin have exhibited the highest order of executive ability and the most vig- 
 orous energy in building up the dry goods trade, thereby stamping themselves 
 as well worthy of the grand success they have attained. By their skillful 
 judgment in selecting stocks suitable for their trade, enterprising methods of 
 doing business, and untiring efforts to accommodate buyers in the minutest 
 particulars, the Capital City is now one of the best dry goods markets in the 
 State. That the trade naturally tributary to this point finds the market here 
 fully as advantageous as either Houston or Galveston in point of prices and 
 qualities and varieties of stocks to select from, and superior when freight tare 
 
32 AUSTIN HER 
 
 are considered, need no other confirmation than the rapidly increasing opera- 
 tions of our dry goods houses, which amounts now to over one million dollars 
 per annum. 
 
 BOOTS AND SHOES. 
 
 The boot and shoe trade is not more ably represented in any city of the 
 State than in Austin, our merchants engaged in the business being fully alive 
 to the wants of the people in the line of footwear, prompt in introducing the 
 most improved grades of goods, and keenly enterprising in their efforts to 
 build up the trade of this market. That they are meeting with eminent suc- 
 cess is to be seen in the substantial growth of the business which has reached 
 such an extent as to justify the establishment of a manufactory that is turn- 
 ing out work fully equal to the best boots and shoes made in the North, both 
 in quality and prices. 
 
 The trade in 
 
 HATS AND CAPS, 
 
 and gent's furnishing goods, forms a growing interest in the general make-up 
 of the city's business. These kindred lines are carried in combination, the 
 stocks being very complete in variety and quality, and dealers can purchase 
 as advantageously here as in the markets of Houston or Galveston. A very 
 thriving trade has been built up by the merchants handling these goods, who 
 are greatly encouraged in their enterprising efforts by the success attending 
 their commendable labors. 
 
 DRUGS. 
 
 The drug trade of Austin exhibits a solidity of growth the result of the 
 sterling enterprise engaged in it that makes it take rank with that of any 
 other city in Texas. The annual sales reach between $350,000 and $400,000. 
 The stocks carried embrace complete lines of pure and fresh drugs and 
 chemicals, paints, oils, glass and the usual variety of kindred goods belonging 
 to this department of trade, thus guaranteeing to buyers every advantage to 
 be found in the markets of the great cities farther removed from home. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 Without going into further specific details of the trade of Austin in our 
 limited space, to the exclusion of other features equally as important to the 
 general prosperity of the city, we conclude this portion of our work by sum- 
 ming up under the head of " miscellaneous," the various other branches of 
 trade conducted by our enterprising merchants, embracing books and station- 
 ery, confections, china, crockery and glassware, cigars and tobacco, clothing, 
 furniture, jewelry, millinery goods, notions, and the almost innumerable host 
 of lines belonging to the mercantile departments. The statement that anyone 
 of these branches is ably conducted, vigorously growing and annually contrib- 
 
TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 33 
 
 uting in a marked degree to the importance of the city as a commercial center, 
 is but a reflex of what is equally true concerning all the other branches. Suf- 
 fice to say, then, that in each and every department of trade there is found 
 sterling industry, a progressive spirit, untiring energy and continual activity, 
 and a satisfying prosperity that can only be enjoyed through commendable 
 enterprise backed by strict business integrity. And it can be further said with 
 truth and pride, that as a wholesale point for the establishment of any branch 
 of commerce, no city in the State can boast advantages superior to those con- 
 trolled by the Capital City, and under which favorable influences its honor, 
 wealth and enduring greatness are gradually and assuredly being developed 
 to the fullest maturity. 
 
 MANUFACTURING INTERESTS. 
 
 The advantages for manufacturing interests in Austin, as we have already 
 shown, are eminently grand and prominent, and the only matter for astonish- 
 ment is in their not having been more fully utilized long ago. The one chief 
 reason, of course, is to be found in the fact that the South, prior to the war, 
 was distinctly an agricultural seat, and only in very recent years has turned 
 thoughts and energies to the development of the hitherto dormant resources 
 that are now, through intelligent manipulation, working such a complete 
 revolution in the entire political economy of the good old "Southland." 
 
 But that reason alone will not satisfy the thoughtful observer of Austin's 
 possibilities as a manufacturing center. In looking at the innumerable evi- 
 dences of thrift, genius, enterprise and pronounced ability, fully up to the 
 standard of the times, the astonishment becomes even greater, that, in all the 
 years since the war, this progression has been developing, yet still there is such 
 vast resources in Austin's very door-yard, awaiting the magic touch of the 
 manufacturing hand to leap into active life and quicken the pulse beats of 
 every industry and avenue of trade in the city. 
 
 True, the work of developing manufactures here has reached an extent 
 calculated to arouse pride and enthusiasm when contemplating the promising 
 future, but the city has not done its entire duty in this respect, partly and 
 upon this score there is justification through lack of capital in the past. In 
 the main, however, it is because upon the one hand there has been too much 
 importance attached to its position as the political center of the State, and 
 upon the other hand a too absorbing interest manifested in the development 
 of the city's commercial interests. This latter feature constituted, however, 
 a laudable enterprise, and one, too, that amounted to a duty of the gravest 
 character. But by investing the entire energies in the one channel, there has 
 been an inexcusable neglect of the other opportunities, equally as inviting, 
 and which it was equally incumbent upon the city to take advantage of and 
 
34 AUSTIN HER 
 
 secure the vast benefits nature has lavishly placed at its command. In other 
 words, for example, there has been too much time devoted to commerce in cot- 
 ton, to the entire neglect of the manufacture of cotton. For the time being 
 there was no apparent evil effect from this one-sided policy, but now that there 
 is an awakening interest manifested abroad to our manufacturing advantages, 
 the folly of the past is making itself felt, and as the city is fast obtaining to 
 an exalted place through its promising commercial future, this deficit in 
 manufactures disturbs that perfect equipoise essential to the .success of business 
 and the preservation of dignity in a truly great center of trade. 
 
 However, it is gratifying to note that the era of manufacturing in Austin 
 has been ushered in, even though so much valuable time has been lost, and 
 the vigorous enterprise which attends it augurs well for a future of grand 
 success. But the best evidence of the present extent and the future possibili- 
 ties of manufacturing at this point, can be gathered from a brief glance at 
 the principal industries which as noble heroes in the advance guard have 
 laid first claim upon our manufacturing advantages, and are now enjoying the 
 highest order of prosperity. In doing so, however, we must bear in mind 
 that the space of this work is limited in order that the object in view may not 
 be hampered in securing the greatest possible success, and thereby benefiting 
 the entire community. 
 
 COTTON SEED OIL. 
 
 Though as yet Austin cannot boast of having in its midst an industrial 
 enterprise engaged in the manufacture of cotton goods, it can point with con- 
 siderable pride to its cotton seed oil mills, which though not as extensive as 
 some others in the State, have no superior as regards the quality of products, 
 the grades of oil comparing favorably with the output of any similar manu- 
 factory in the United States. No other industry affords more pointed evidence 
 of the power of the New South as a manufacturing center than that industry 
 now established in every Southern State engaged in producing from cotton 
 seed mammoth quantities of oil, which in the crude and refined states, are 
 quoted as standard articles of commerce in the markets of the world, and 
 which, by reason of its multitudinous useful properties, is of such special value 
 as to be well nigh indispensible to the human race. In entering this worthy 
 field of manufactures, Austin exhibits most excellent judgment, and as it pos- 
 sesses the necessary skill and capital, and has an abundance of the raw mate- 
 rial at immediate command, there is no question of its future importance as a 
 producer of cotton seed oil. 
 
 MARBLE WORKS. 
 
 The vast quarries of marble in the vicinity of Austin, the exceptional fine- 
 ness as well as durability, and the rare beauty of their products, are sufficient 
 guarantees that the Capital City is destined to take the leading rank in this 
 
TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 35 
 
 line of industries. No other city in the Union has such magnificent advan- 
 tages, as in the preceding pages devoted to the resources of Austin, has been 
 clearly pointed out ; and though the work of development is only as yet in the 
 stage of infancy, progressive enterprise is in the field, laboring dilligently and 
 most vigorously, and the outcome will be tersely expressed by the one word 
 " Excelsior." The superiority of the work turned out by our manufacturers in 
 marble, is amply demonstrated by the fact that the trade reaches throughout 
 the State of Texas and heavy orders from Mexico are also placed here. 
 
 GRANITE 
 
 cutting is also destined to become one of the prominent industries of the city, 
 the inexhaustible supply of the raw material in the neighborhood and its unex- 
 celled qualities for building purposes, together with the perfect facilities for 
 transportation, places us far in advance of all competitors. Now that Texas 
 is making such remarkable progress in the erection of substantial buildings, 
 the granite cutting interests of Austin are bound to develop in a corresponding 
 measure. That the skill and ability necessary to supply the most exacting 
 demands are here, needs no confirmation at our hands. The magnificent 
 buildings, in which the highest order of architectural and mechanical skill are 
 displayed, now adorning the beautiful Capital City, are the best evidences of 
 that important fact. 
 
 The superabundance of the limestone formations in the vicinity of Austin 
 
 makes the manufacture of 
 
 LIME, 
 
 one of our most profitable industries. Not only is the demand for home con- 
 sumption fully supplied by the home product, but large quantities for ship- 
 ment are also manufactured. 
 
 BRICK MANUFACTURING. 
 
 The substantial progress made by our brick manufacturers, testifies alike 
 to their skill and the excellent qualities of the raw material found in this neigh- 
 borhood. The increasing demand for the product of our manufacture, together 
 with the spirited enterprise displayed by those engaged in the business, leaves 
 no room to doubt the future prosperity of the industry at this point. 
 
 IRON MANUFACTURES. 
 
 That the iron manufacturing interests have not failed to recognize the val- 
 uable character of Austin's advantages for that class of industry, and are prof- 
 iting by the special inducements offered, is a fact quite apparent from the 
 extensive 
 
 FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS, 
 
 and various other iron working establishments located in the city. Our foun- 
 dries produce a wide range of castings, which, together with the excellency of 
 
36 ATSTIN HER 
 
 the machinery built by our manufacturers, makes us quite independent in the 
 several lines of their products ; and as the work turned out compares favorably 
 with that of Northern establishments in variety and finish, a valuable home 
 trade has sprung up which is yearly augmenting as our facilities for manufac- 
 ture are constantly being increased, by the introduction of new capital and the 
 expanding of those establishments which have already obtained a successful 
 standing. The various branches of the iron manufacturing industries, includ- 
 ing those which utilize more extensively as the principal raw material, copper, 
 zinc, tin, and the metal alloys, are ably represented in Austin, but the field is 
 large, and like industries to an almost unlimited number can enter it and enjoy 
 prosperity to an unusual degree through well displayed skill and enterprise. 
 Austin wants them and cordially invites them to come ; and the more capable 
 they are financially, the better for the city and the State, generally, for large 
 manufacturing establishments bring into the State large numbers of consumers, 
 which in turn create a demand for an increased number of producers and both 
 draw merchants to keep revolving the wheels of commerce, and make doubly 
 assured the greatest possible prosperity for all alike. 
 
 FLOURING MILLS. 
 
 The manufacture of flour in the City of Austin, though as yet an interest 
 of no great magnitude compared with the extent it has reached in some of our 
 Texas cities, is nevertheless a growing industry which has taken a firm root 
 and in the course of a very few years cannot fail to develop into one of the 
 most important that Austin will boast of with just feelings of pride. There 
 are two milling plants now established, one using steam and the other water 
 power the latter utilizing the munificent supply furnished by the Colorado 
 River. Both mills are enjoying a lucrative trade, and have the satisfaction of 
 seeing their business annually reaching greater proportions through the 
 superior merits of the popular brands of breadstuff they are turning out. 
 
 The encouragement which these pioneers of the flouring industry in 
 Austin are receiving, is justly deserved by the enterprise they have exhibited, 
 and it furthermore establishes as an incontrovertible fact, that as a milling 
 point, capital can desire no more favorable location. Water power is here in 
 abundance which can be utilized 365 days in the year, and coal is now even 
 more plentiful for creating steam power if preferred. The prolific agricultural 
 country surrounding Austin and its extensive railway system, placing within 
 its reach every wheat-growing section of the State, insures a continuous supply 
 of the raw material ; and finally, there is the market for the product no 
 matter how vast it might become Texas alone can consume it entire. The fact 
 is, there is no manufacturing interest now in the State of more importance 
 to the extent of its growth than the manufacture of wheat into flour and 
 bran. At least three-fourths of the flour which we consume comes from Kan- 
 
TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 37 
 
 sas, Missouri, California, and other States north, and yet the annual product of 
 wheat in the State will average twenty million bushels, worth at home about 
 80 cents per bushel, or a total of $16,000,000. Two-thirds of this yield is 
 shipped North, by which disposition the bran and coarser grades of flour are 
 nearly a complete loss, the cost of transportation being almost equal to the 
 market value amounting to a total deprivation of our people of those com- 
 modities. The cost of shipping our wheat and re-shipping the flour for con- 
 sumption, with the profits of the manufacturers included, will foot up 
 $5,000,000 per annum. 
 
 It requires a very simple arithmetical calculation to demonstrate that, by 
 this injudicious policy, the great wheat-growing State of Texas is voluntarily 
 submitting to a wrong of the gravest character in fact, is permitting its sub- 
 sistence to be thrown away in the most profligate manner. Our 20,000,000 
 bushels of wheat converted into flour at home would about meet the Texas 
 demand, while the three-fourths now imported for consumption costs the con- 
 sumers $21,000,000. Against these figures place the home value of our entire 
 wheat product $16,000,000 and it is an easy matter to see what a loss is sus- 
 tained, irrespective of the bran, shorts and middlings, by the inconsistent 
 method of sending this grain crop abroad to be manufactured into flour which 
 is immediately returned, at a handsome profit to the millers, to us for con- 
 sumption. It is a well known fact that the favorite brands of flour imported 
 by us are, to a very great extent, made of Texas wheat, and no wonder, there- 
 fore, that those only partially acquainted with the true state of affairs so often 
 ask : " Why does not Texas make her own flour ? " It is because there is a 
 lack of mills of the highest improved order, that can turn out flour of the 
 finest quality, of the highest grades and of a sufficient capacity to manufac- 
 ture the entire wheat crop grown in Texas. Can any one doubt the assertion 
 that Austin is one of the most inviting fields in the State for capital that will 
 establish flouring mills of this character ? 
 
 ICE MANUFACTURING. 
 
 Few, if any, industrial undertakings in the South give evidence of more 
 genuine enterprise than the manufacture of artificial ice, and few have reached 
 greater magnitude, while absolutely none can lay claim to a more important 
 rank as contributors to the health and comfort of the masses, as well as our 
 material prosperity. The growth of the industry has been astonishing, but 
 not more so than the improvements in the processes for manufacturing the 
 artificial article, by which it is not only the equal of Nature's own congeal- 
 ment, but for some purposes it is superior to the latter, while as a rival upon 
 the score of cost, its extremely low price to consumers enables all to enjoy its 
 benefits, thus making it an invaluable boon to the South, where in former days 
 Northern ice was indeed a luxury that but very few could indulge in, and an 
 
38 AUSTIN HER 
 
 enormous expense under circumstances where the consumption of very large 
 quantities was an unavoidable necessity. 
 
 There are two ice manufactories in Austin, with a combined capacity of 
 about twenty-five tons per day, which is ample at present to supply the entire 
 local demand and a very profitable trade from the surrounding country. The 
 trade from abroad, however, is expanding so rapidly that a very considerable 
 increase of capacity is contemplated at an early day by our manufacturers, and 
 which fact is the most substantial evidence that could be adduced, as to the 
 superior quality and cheapness of the ice they turn out. 
 
 LEATHER INTERESTS. 
 
 There is no possible reason to be offered why Austin should not be one of 
 the most advantageous sites in Texas for either the manufacture of leather, or 
 any of the various industries in which that material is used as the chief 
 factor. Hides, which like " Topsey," who said " she jist growed," sprung up 
 spontaneously all over the State, apparently without any effort on the part of 
 anyone, being the production of an industry which stands side by side with 
 agriculture, and which, notwithstanding its mammoth proportions, is con- 
 ducted at such a minimum of cost, that if the yield of beef alone was the only 
 part of cattle that could be utilized, still the raising of them would remain the 
 same lucrative industry in Texas. Besides the enormous quantity of hides 
 sent out of the State annually on the live cattle we ship, there are also 
 30,000,000 pounds of hides prepared for the tanner within the State. But 
 unfortunately, and to our shame it must be confessed, their furthur develop- 
 ment ceases at that point, for the 30,000,000 pounds of hides are sent abroad 
 to be manufactured into leather, and the leather to be manufactured into boots 
 and shoes, harness and saddlery and many other commodities, which are then 
 sent to us for consumption. The enormous loss entailed upon Texas by this 
 injudicious management in the years gone by has reached a sum, the magni- 
 tude of which would scarcely be credited were it possible to compute it in 
 exact dollars and cents. But vast as is the loss consequent upon the shipment 
 of our hides cured at home to Northern manufactures, how incomparably 
 greater must be the sum total of our losses upon hides through the immense 
 shipments of live cattle abroad. 
 
 Tli ore was a time when, how to prevent this vast loss upon the hides pro- 
 duced in Texas, was a problem too difficult of solution to be given serious 
 consideration, but it is no longer so. With the establishment of large tan- 
 neries and the erection of boot and shoe factories thoroughly equipped with 
 capital, improved labor-saving machinery and spirited enterprise, throughout 
 the State, and this constant drifting of the raw material in the form of hides 
 to Northern manufacturers, will speedily grow visibly less, and it will cease 
 aitirdy when our cattlemen wake up to the importance of slaughtering at 
 
TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 39 
 
 home and shipping dressed beeves in refrigerator cars to the great markets 
 abroad. When this work of reform has been fully accomplished, Texas will 
 no longer be deprived of the profits on commodities that can be produced here 
 cheaper than in any other State in the Union, and therefore enabling our 
 manufacturers to give home consumers the advantage of lower prices, and the 
 very best grade of goods, without cutting profits under those enjoyed by the 
 manufacturers North, who are now supplying our wants in these respects. 
 
 It is only a question of time (and its speedy coming is now more strongly 
 indicated than ever before), when this flattering condition of affairs for the 
 leather interests will prevail all over the State, and in no section is there more 
 promising advantages for ripe development than the city of Austin possesses. 
 The various industries, represented in the class of manufactures depending on 
 leather as the chief of raw materials are becoming firmly established here, 
 and those already founded are paving the way for other accessions equally as 
 energetic, by their commendable enterprise and vigorous growth. First in 
 these several lines of manufacture is 
 
 TANNING, 
 
 and to which branch the rank of precedence must be given, as upon it all 
 the others are naturally dependent. The one tannery in the city has proved 
 itself a worthy pioneer of the industry at Austin, having by its pluck and 
 enterprise considerably augmented the manufacturing importance and mate- 
 rial wealth of this point. The product is, of course, limited to a very ordinary 
 extent, as the demand for Texas-made leather has not yet become so general 
 among the auxiliary branches of the industry as to make the home article a 
 formidable rival of the imported makes. However, the output of our tannery 
 will stand the most critical examination of its qualities, and in this respect 
 and in the cost to consumers, it acknowledges no superior, and the popular 
 favor it is creating shows that its merits will soon make it a competitor that 
 will lead in the home markets and secure it a conspicuous place in those 
 abroad. 
 
 BOOT AND SHOE 
 
 manufacturing, though confined principally to custom orders, has begun to 
 branch out to manufacturing for the trade. And though the operations are 
 conducted upon only a small scale, the enterprise thus exhibited recommends 
 it to the highest consideration by the public, as it will eventually secure the 
 fullest recognition through Austin's development as one of the prominent boot 
 and shoe manufacturing centers of Texas. It is difficult to conceive of a line 
 of industry that could be established by large capital in Austin with the assur- 
 ance of more positive success than the manufacture of boots and shoes. The 
 facilities for obtaining raw material are equal to those at any other point in the 
 State. The territory tributary to the trade of the city is of an extent and char- 
 
40 AUSTIN HER 
 
 acter that guarantees the most liberal support, and the advantages for obtain- 
 ing a market for the product outside of this natural home trade, are fully up 
 to the standard of those found elsewhere. The cost of conducting the manu- 
 facture here can be reduced to the minimum by judicious management with- 
 out difficulty, while the attractive surroundings for operatives, in the way of 
 cheap food supplies, cheap fuel, cheap rents, and a pleasant, healthy home in 
 the most beautiful city in the State, renders it an easy matter to secure and 
 retain the most competent of skilled labor. More inviting inducement than 
 these cannot be held out by any other city in the State claiming to be a 
 natural manufacturing point, and so favorable a combination of advantages 
 cannot fail of influence in securing to the Capital City the most beneficial 
 results. 
 
 SADDLERY AND HARNESS. 
 
 The manufacture of -saddlery and harness is a line of industry which 
 receives very liberal encouragement indeed in Texas, for no State in the Union 
 is a greater consumer of such articles. And though Northern made goods are 
 extensively sold in the State, the trade in this class of commodities is one of 
 the very few which finds in the home manufactures the leading competitor, 
 especially such goods as properly come within the definition of the term, sad- 
 dlery. It is a strange fact, that almost every State in the Union and we may 
 also say with truth, every country in the world has adopted some particular 
 style of saddle and other horse accoutrements, and for which the attachment 
 is so strong that it is difficult to find a parallel outside of the prejudice in favor 
 of the costumes peculiar to the various nations of the earth. Why this feature 
 in horse apparel should have reached such an extreme as to become so very 
 remarkable in the several sections of one common country like ours, is a conun- 
 drum which we cannot afford to waste time upon in the attempt to solve. 
 We know that such is a fact, and those who are posted on Texas eccentricities, 
 knows how particular a Texan is in the selection of a saddle, a bridle, a girth 
 or a bit, or any part of the outfit for the animal so commonly used as a medium 
 of conveyance ; and no manufacturer can suit the native fancy so thoroughly 
 as our home manufacturers who are perfectly familiar with the peculiarities in 
 this direction. 
 
 The success which Austin has made as a manufacturer of this line of 
 goods, is of the most substantial character, and it is doubtful if the products of 
 any other point in Texas can compete with those turned out here, either in the 
 home market or abroad. As an evidence of this fact and also of the magni- 
 tude of the industry at Austin, one of our establishments alone does a business 
 to the amount of half a million dollars per annum, having branches in no less 
 than six of the most prominent points in the State, and commanding a trade 
 that reaches throughout Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and extends 
 
TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 41 
 
 even into Tennessee. An exhibit like this is the most fitting praise that could 
 be expressed concerning the able character of Austin as a manufacturer of har- 
 ness and saddlery. 
 
 HORSE COLLAR 
 
 manufacturing is also conducted in the city as a distinct line of industry, and 
 constitutes one of our most progressive enterprises, well worthy of the success 
 being met with. 
 
 SADDLETREE MANUFACTURING, 
 
 which is closely identified with the saddlery industry, also deserves mention as 
 a valuable contributor to Austin's material prosperity and importance as a 
 center of manufactures. 
 
 WOOD-WORKING INDUSTRIES. 
 
 Austin's advantages for manufacturing pursuits are well testified by the 
 number of various industries properly classed under this heading. The facili- 
 ties at this point for obtaining the raw material, as we have already shown in 
 the chapter devoted to the material resources of the city, are, strictly speaking, 
 as favorable as those possessed by any city or town in the State. Lumber of 
 every description, both hard and soft varieties, is produced in abundance at our 
 very doors, barring pine, and that is so readily accessible that it may as well be 
 included in the exhaustive catalogue of wood material which the manufac- 
 turer finds here for utilization ; and, moreover, the cost of the raw material 
 laid down in the city is as cheap as it can be obtained at any other point in the 
 State adapted to general manufacturing. 
 
 Among the many pursuits dependent upon this material, none have 
 obtained a more important rank than the manufacture of 
 
 SASH, DOORS AND BLINDS. 
 
 In fact this branch has become the leading wood-making industry of 
 America, and each year sees it develop to more gigantic proportions. Austin 
 has every reason to be proud of its manufactures in this line, the planing mills 
 turning out sash, doors and blinds, mouldings, turned and scroll work, that 
 cannot be excelled in any respect by the manufactories at any other point in 
 the country. These products are shipped throughout the region tributary to 
 Austin in large quantities and -the prominent growth of the business indicates 
 a future in which the city will be unusually conspicuous as a seat of this 
 important line of industry. 
 
 Numerous other wood-working branches are conducted in the city, and 
 considerable headway has been made towards establishing them as prominent 
 industries. Jhere is rare skill and enterprise engaged in all of them and they 
 are steadily and surely growing to proportions that will satisfy in the fullest 
 the laudable ambition which now inspires the work of progress. 
 
42 AUSTIN HER 
 
 HUNTING AND IT I'.LISHING. 
 
 The multiplicity and diversified nature of Austin's industrial advantages, 
 an- illustrated in a market! way by the character and extent of its printing 
 and publishing interests, and which deserve an unusual degree of credit for 
 the substantial prosperity they are bringing to the city, by their enterprise 
 and practical demonstrations of what can be done here by the manufacturing 
 lines. They have won for the Capital City of Texas a most enviable reputa- 
 tion indeed among the public abroad, and through the energy, skill and busi- 
 ness tact which backs them, are continually adding lustre to Austin's fame as 
 a live, go-ahead city. 
 
 The extent to which this class of industry has reached is readily seen in 
 the fact that 
 
 TEN NEWSPAPERS 
 
 and periodicals are now published in the city, although its population still 
 numbers less than 20,000. While it is true that these publications do not 
 rely solely upon the Austin public for support for printed matter, edited and 
 published here goes regularly to thousands of readers scattered in every city 
 and town in the United States still, here was their birth-place, it was Austin 
 that fostered and encouraged them, giving them their first prestige, and to 
 Austin they continue to look for the approbation that insures future success. 
 
 THE STATESMAN 
 
 is the leading daily journal, being issued every morning except Monday, with 
 a weekly edition appearing every Thursday. The Statesman was established 
 in 1871, and was first issued as a twenty column tri-weekly. It has steadily 
 grown in size and also in popularity to a thirty-six column daily, and 
 through the ability and enterprise in its editorial and managerial departments 
 is now generally recognized as the leading democratic paper of the Southwest. 
 
 THE DISPATCH 
 
 represents the republican side of politics, and is issued every evening except 
 Sunday. It is a bright, energetic journal that reflects credit alike upon the 
 liberal spirit of the community and the genuine newspaper skill of the stall' 
 in control. 
 
 TEXAS SIFTINGS 
 
 is known even/when and highly appreciated by its vast number of readers who 
 are found in every section of this country and many Knglish ^peaking com- 
 munities ,,f Kin-op.-. It is a weekly, issued every Saturday, and is independent 
 in politic, invading every field of life with its five lance of humor. Its career 
 has been as phenomenal as the spirit of dash which prompted the establish- 
 ment .if Mid. a journal in this extreme part of the South, is remarkable. No 
 
TKADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 43 
 
 paper of a similar character outside of New York has ever had a like success, 
 and none have attained a wider circulation. 
 
 THE AUSTIN \Y< >< 'II KX 15 1, ATT 
 
 is a weekly issue, devoted to the German interests of the State at large and 
 the general prosperity of Austin in particular. Judicious management and 
 the sterling ability of the editorial corps has established it upon a substantial 
 basis and given it a prominent rank among the most popular German papers 
 in the State. 
 
 The remaining publications are as follows: 
 
 Texas Farm and Ranch. A semi-monthly journal devoted to the agricul- 
 tural and pastoral interests of the State, which circulates extensively through- 
 out the South and Southwest. 
 
 Texas State Journal. A monthly issue representing land and railway 
 interests. 
 
 Texas Baptist Herald. A weekly, and the standard organ of the Baptist 
 order of religion in the State. 
 
 The Homo3opathic Pellet is a medical journal published monthly; and 
 The Texian (a monthly), and The American Sketch Book (issued in numbers 
 irregularly), are devoted to social interests. 
 
 The diversified character of these publications and the eminent success 
 they are enjoying, testify no less to the intelligence and social refinement of 
 Austin, than to its progressiveness, as a business and industrial point. 
 
 The facilities of Austin in every branch of the printing and publishing 
 business are unsurpassed in the Southwest, and the equipments for rapid and 
 fine work are upon the whole better perhaps than is possessed at any other 
 point in the State, while the work turned out cannot be excelled in any city 
 of the Union. 
 
 A number of other industries have been established in the city, which are 
 steadily being developed under the influence of manufacturing skill and keen 
 business enterprise, to substantial proportions that will eventually rank them 
 with any of a like kind in the State, and it is reasonable to believe they will 
 become the peers of any in the country. But there is no need to dwell upon 
 their characteristic features. Sufficient has been outlined to show that Austin's 
 manufacturing interests are all progressive and prosperous, that the controlling 
 spirits are not aroues in the vineyards of labor, but active, energetic workers, 
 ambitious to excel. 
 
 The latest statistics concerning the industrial enterprises existing in the 
 city, shows 185 establishments of all kinds, great and small, elassilied as 
 follows : 
 
 Bakeries, 6; barbers, 11; blacksmiths, wagon and carriage shops, ls : 
 bookbinders, printers, stereotypers, etc., 6 ; boot and shoemakers, 11 ; brick- 
 
44 AUSTIN HER 
 
 makers, 2 ; cabinetmakers, 3 ; candy manufacturers, 2 ; contractors, carpenters 
 and builders, 14 ; dyeing and scouring, 1 ; florists, 3 ; flouring mills, 2 ; 
 foundries and machine shops, 4 ; gas companies, 2 ; gas-fitters and plumbers, 
 5 ; gun and locksmithing, 3 ; hair goods, 2; horse collar manufacturing, 1 ; 
 ice factories, 2; jewelry and watchmaking, 6; laundries, 4; lime manufac- 
 turers, 2 ; lumber, doors, sash and blinds, 6 ; mattress manufacturers, 2 ; 
 marble yards, 3 ; meat markets, 14 ; milliners, 9 ; newspapers, 10 ; omnibus, 
 dray and transfer lines, 5 ; painters, 8 ; photographers, 4 ; saddlery and harness 
 manufacturing, 4 ; safe manufacturing, 1 ; soap manufacturing, 1 ; soda water 
 manufacturing, 1 ; tailors, 6 ; telegraph and telephone companies, 1 ; water 
 works 1 ; total, 185. 
 
 These various industries give employment to about 1,300 people exclu- 
 sive of the clerical force they also support among whom nearly $1,000,000 
 per annum are disbursed, while the total value of the products will reach to 
 fully $5,000,000, an increase of fifty per cent, during the past three years. 
 
 This very handsome showing of our industrial enterprise at this stage in 
 the development of Austin's advantages, is an unqualified tribute of praise to 
 the high order of skill, executive ability and sagacious judgment and the 
 push and pluck as well which has come into our midst full of confidence in 
 the city's possibilities, to labor in the fruition of Nature's designs concerning 
 the Capital of Texas to build up its greatness as a seat of manufacturing 
 industries. The record thus far is a bright one that may be accepted as a true 
 indication of what the future will reveal, yet it but faintly foreshadows the 
 illimitable prosperity in store for us, if the golden opportunity is properly 
 handled, and the vast wealth of resources at the city's command thoroughly 
 utilized by the vigorous hand of capital. 
 
 An immense number of the most useful, and also the most profitable, 
 industries are yet to be introduced in the city, although the inducements it 
 holds out to them to come and partake of its bounty are of the most substan- 
 tial and liberal nature, and cannot be excelled elsewhere. The immense water 
 power of the Colorado River is patiently waiting to set in motion any number 
 of great mills that may levy tribute upon its lasting capacities. Is it not 
 specially inviting as a site for 
 
 COTTON MILLS? 
 
 With this cheap power at our hand, the fleecy staple springing up, like 
 magic, in abundance upon every side, and skilled labor easy to be obtained, 
 capital ought to make Austin resound with the busy hum of thousands of 
 spindles. Nothing has yet been developed to show that Southern cotton mills 
 cannot do well when there is a profitable sale for cotton goods. On the con- 
 trary, it has been substantially demonstrated that the manufacturing can be 
 
 as wett and more cheaply done near to the staple. But, while admitting this 
 
TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 45 
 
 fact, capital interposes as an objection to the further increase of milling capac- 
 ity in the South, the large number of factories now idle or running on short 
 time in both the North and the South ; the depressed condition of the market 
 from over-production, and the necessity for Congress to first regulate the tariff 
 question. As an answer to such arguments, let there be more enterprise exhib- 
 ited by our cotton mills let our manufacturers push out for themselves and 
 find markets, instead of sitting apathetically in a cushioned armchair waiting 
 for Congress to open the way. A fair sample of the lively " rustling " kind of 
 enterprise just now needed in the cotton industries throughout the country is 
 shown by the Libby Cotton Mills at Augusta, Ga., which are filling orders for 
 their product from Manchester, England. Let this example of spirited pro- 
 gress be followed, even if it is necessary to " hustle " in the antipodes for trade, 
 and mills everywhere will soon be making full time and the cry of over-pro- 
 duction will cease to be the bugbear of the present gigantic proportions. 
 
 Again, let there be a decided improvement in the grades of goods made. 
 It is the coarser grades of cloth that have become a glut on the home market 
 and for which it is equally difficult to find a foreign sale. Notwithstanding 
 the United States is the greatest cotton producing country in the world, and 
 the mournful cry is heard ascending on every hand that the over-production 
 by our cotton mills is bringing destitution in the land, yet it is a naked fact 
 that our imports of cotton manufacturers are still three times greater than our 
 exports. All this excess, however (and to the shame of our superior manu- 
 facturing skill it must be said), consists of fancy goods, the domestic manu- 
 facture of which has not yet reached that perfection towards which, we may 
 congratulate ourselves, it is tending, but so slowly that we may expect that, 
 for some years to come, we will have to draw upon Europe for more or less of 
 this class of goods to supply that demand which the home manufactures will 
 be unable to meet. And to bear us out in these assertions, we introduce the 
 following statement showing the imports and exports of cotton manufactures 
 into and from the United States during the census year of 1880 : 
 
 Imports. Exports. 
 
 Piece goods, plain $5,835,000 $1,020,000 
 
 Piece goods, printed 1,180,000 2,956,000 
 
 Hosiery, shirts, etc 7,515,000 
 
 Jeans, denims 1,068,000 
 
 All other manufactures 19,146,000 1,190,000 
 
 Total $34,744,000 $5,166,000 
 
 Very clearly the work of radical reform must be prosecuted most vigor- 
 ously within our mills before they can look for a full share of prosperity; and 
 it is no less apparent that factories established at Austin upon the most 
 
46 AUSTIN HER 
 
 improved systems for turning out products to meet the demands of the day, 
 will become a practical success of the highest order. 
 
 Another manufacturing industry which is of the greatest importance to 
 the country in general and the State of Texas in particular, for which Austin 
 is peculiarly fitted to become a thriving seat of, is the manufacture of 
 
 WOOl.KN MATERIALS. 
 
 The same sterling advantages which cordially invites the founding of 
 cotton factories at this point, holds out the same special inducements to this 
 natural associate interest. The production of wool is comparatively a new, 
 but rapidly growing/industry in Texas, the present yield being about 30,000,000 
 pounds per annum. The cost of transportation on the crop, however, exceeds 
 cotton in proportion to the yield, and the manufacturers' profits are corres- 
 pondingly greater. Hence, when we consider the decided advantages in favor 
 of manufacturing our wool crop at home, the fact that we have but two woolen 
 mills in the State, and the thorough adaptability of Austin as a center for the 
 manufacture of woolen goods, it is not only obvious that the most satisfying 
 outcome would result from the establishment of such plants here, but there 
 is every reason to believe that the industry could be built up to a degree .of 
 magnitude that would excel all others located in our midst. 
 
 With the development of cotton and wool manufactures, there would 
 naturally spring a multitude of auxiliary manufactures to the great benefit of 
 the two principal industries, and the material advancement of the public pros- 
 perity. Indeed with these great textile industries firmly established in the | 
 city, the diversified manufactures which will speedily follow, and the character, 
 extent and value of the products, will rapidly develop Austin as the " Lowell " 
 of the South. And it can be made the prototype of Holyoke by the introduc- 
 tion of 
 
 PAPER MILLS. 
 
 Nowhere within the broad expanse of the great State of Texas, with its 
 countless advantages for the important manufacture of paper, is there to be 
 found a single mill, and as a consequence the point which first exhibits its 
 enterprise by founding the industry, will enjoy pre-eminence for all time to 
 come in the manufacture, as well as a complete monopoly for years hence. 
 Austin has the water power to turn the wheels of not one, but several such 
 mills, and the raw material in the form of rags can be obtained here as r* ad- 
 ily, and as cheap, as at any of the great paper making towns of Massachusetts 
 or elsewhere, while the wood pulp which now enters so largely into its manu- 
 facture, and also the vegetable substances, indigenous to Mexico and parts of 
 Texas in the same latitudes, which have in recent years been pronounced by 
 science as peculiarly fitted for making paper, are in such abundance, that 
 
TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 
 
 naught but capitalized enterprise is required to make the city, //V paper manu- 
 facturing center of the South and the peer of any in the entire country. 
 
 But lack of space forbids the further enumeration of the productive 1 inter- 
 ests that can be established here with the positive assurance of rapidly devel- 
 oping a superlative degree of success. Suffice that Austin has been fully 
 endowed by Nature with every pre-requisite essential to the full maturing 'of 
 every line of industry coming within the entire range of human skill and enter- 
 prise, and it remains for man alone to take hold of these advantages and make 
 the city a vast aggregation^ talent, capital, mechanical comprehend veness and 
 immense resources of construction and production. The task has been 
 undertaken, and considerable headway upon the noble work has been made by 
 the brave hearts now engaged on it, but a greater force is necessary to com- 
 plete it in all its fullness and perfect symmetry of design. Will fresh spirits 
 and vigorous hands, armed with new enterprises, come into the field to assist 
 in the accomplishing the grand results? The reward is great, and the Capital 
 City of Texas says in cordial tones to one and all alike, come ! and share in the 
 bounty of my harvest. 
 
 Before closing that portion of our work devoted to the advantages of Aus- 
 tin as a great seat of commerce and manufactures, it is incumbent upon us to 
 give, at least, a brief notice of that class of intersts which by their vigorous aid 
 in advancing business enterprises and promoting the general prosperity of the 
 city, have become factors in its development too important to be ignored under 
 any circumstances. We allude to that class in which are found consolidated 
 the higher order of executive ability, financial skill and capital, for the pur- 
 pose of facilitating and expediting by specific ways and means, business affairs 
 of every description and the building up and improving of all the various inter- 
 ests essential in the betterment of a great community, as for instance, 
 
 BANKS AND BANKERS. 
 
 Austin now has three national banks and two private banking houses, 
 namely; First National Bank, incorporated in 1872; State National Bank. 
 organized as the successor of Bremond & Co., private bankers, in 1882. with a 
 capital of $100,000 ; City National Bank, organized during the past year as suc- 
 cessor to the private banking house of A. P. Wooldrige, and capitalized to the 
 amount of $100,000, and J. H. Raymond & Co. and Foster & Co., German- 
 American Bank. 
 
 These banking institutions represent an ample capital to facilitate the mi ce- 
 ments of trade and commerce, and by their judicious management and sound 
 integrity have secured a well deserved reputation in financial circles through- 
 out the country. 
 
 The principal other corporations that are of special benefit to the city's 
 progress, are as follows : 
 
48 AUSTIN HER 
 
 Austin Savings' and Loan Association. Incorporated May 9, 1883. 
 
 Austin Board of Underwriters. Organized May, 1872. 
 
 Austin City Railroad. Chartered 1873. Capital stock, $50,000. (The 
 principal line of this street railway extends from Union depot, on Congress 
 Avenue to city park, a distance of two miles). 
 
 Austin Telephone Exchange. 
 
 Austin Gas-light and Coal Company. Organized 1875. 
 
 Capital Gas-light Company. Chartered 1883. 
 
 City Water Company. Incorporated 1875. 
 
 Capital State Fair Association. Organized March 26, 1875. 
 
 Texas Building Association. Organized December, 1878. 
 
 Travis County Road and Bridge Company. (The magnificent iron bridge 
 spanning the Colorado River at the foot of Congress Avenue and erected under 
 the supervision of this corporation, constitutes the finest specimen of bridge 
 architecture south of St. Louis. It is of the high truss pattern, having an 
 extreme length of 910 feet). 
 
 Southwestern Telegraph and Telephone Company, and two express com- 
 panies the Pacific Express and the Texas Express. 
 
 There are also quite a number of benevolent and social organizations in 
 the city, to which allusion will be made in the closing pages of this work, con- 
 fined more strictly to those features which have served to spread abroad, to 
 such a remarkable extent, Austin's fame as a 
 
 RESIDENCE CITY, 
 
 and to which subject we now invite the reader's attention. 
 
 Austin's reputation as the most beautiful city in Texas is in nowise an 
 exaggeration of the truth. Viewed from the hills south of the Colorado River, 
 its appearance is one of grandeur as the eye rests first upon the most promi- 
 nent features the sublime surroundings of Nature's handiwork, making 
 doubly conspicuous that of man in the magnificent buildings which adorns 
 the site. Yet as the gaze takes in the whole of the scene the landscape 
 diversified by rugged mountains, broad valleys, high undulating prairies, cul- 
 tivated fields and primeval forests, extending far beyond and to the right and 
 left of Capitol hill ; the ornate public edifices, elegant private residences, the 
 less pretentious dwellings and neat cottages, built upon the succession of rock- 
 crowned hills overlooking the clear waters of the Colorado there is found 
 such simplicity and perfect harmony in its completeness as to make it a singu- 
 larly picturesque sight that never fails to elicit the highest admiration. 
 
 But these charms are made even more attractive by an acquaintance with 
 the delightful 
 
 CLIMATE, 
 
 which is mild and equable the year round, strongly suggestive of that of 
 
TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 49 
 
 Southern France and Italy. The atmosphere combines much of the softness 
 of that of the gulf coast, without its humidity, with the salubrity of the elevated 
 plains of the northwestern section of the State. The extreme oppressiveness 
 of summer so common in more northern latitudes, is almost unknown here. 
 Indeed to such an extent is the climate modified by the prevailing southerly 
 breezes from the gulf that the absolute heat, as registered by the thermometer 
 which, however, rarely reaches 100 degrees Fahrenheit is not a true 
 measure of the sensible heat in this locality. These balmy breezes from the 
 South temper the winter's cold as well. The only severity of weather felt in 
 winter to any great extent, is that occasioned by the sudden blasts from the 
 regions of snow during that season, called " Northers." But these rarely ex- 
 ceed three days in duration, and are only considered trying in exposed places 
 on the open plains, and even there, are -not more so, except by contrast with 
 the prevailing mild temperature, than the winter storms of higher latitudes. 
 
 The meteorological records of the late Dr. D. W. C. Baker (for many years 
 signal observer at Austin), covering a period of twenty-five years, furnishes 
 some interesting facts as well as reliable information concerning the character 
 of our climate. These records show a total rainfall during twenty-five years, 
 from 1858 to 1882 inclusive, of 231.55 inches, being an annual average of 
 33.26 inches. Though there were some exceptions to the rule, September 
 ranked as the wettest month and December as the dryest. The largest amount 
 of rain in any one month during the twenty-five years, was 13.84 inches in 
 September, 1874. The largest amount which fell in any one shower, was 
 seven inches in four hours, in August, 1860. 
 
 The records also show that in July, 1860, had the hottest day that occurred 
 during the twenty-five years, the thermometer registering 107 degrees. The 
 coldest day was in January, 1864, six degrees above zero. The thermometer 
 only reached 100 degrees in six years out of the twenty between 1862 and 
 1882; and never went lower than ten degrees above zero during the twenty- 
 five years, except on the occasion mentioned as the coldest day. The average 
 annual temperature during the quarter of a century thus placed on record, 
 was 67.59 degrees. 
 
 The city is regularly and handsomely built, almost exclusively of the fine 
 limestone found in the adjacent hills in inexhaustable quantities. The blocks 
 are laid out with the mathematical precision of checkerboard squares, except 
 in the newer additions where the irregularity is more in consequent with latter 
 day progress, and acts as a relief for the Quaker-like primness of the older 
 portion of the city. Its broad, handsome thoroughfares are well paved with 
 durable stone, and present a neat, clean appearance at all times, the natural 
 system of drainage, by reason of the favorable topographical features, being 
 very thorough. The street nomenclature adopted by the founders of the city, 
 
.50 AUSTIN HER 
 
 have been rigidly adhered to. as it embodied originality and good judgment, 
 and is pleasing to the taste and pride of the country. The names of streets 
 running north and south, with the exception of Congress Avenue, are for 
 Texas streams, and those running east and west for the trees indigenous to 
 Texas. Rare common sense is also displayed in house numbering, one hun- 
 dred numbers being allowed to each block, regardless of the number of lots or 
 houses it contains. On streets running north and south, the river is the initial 
 point, the numbers extending northward therefrom, the even numbers being 
 placed on the west side and the odd ones on the east side, while on those streets 
 running east and west. Congress Avenue (which leads directly up to the Capi- 
 tol's main front, and is the central dividing line of the city) is the base, the 
 numbers extending each way being the same, but prefixed by the words "east" 
 and ''west.'' as for instance, No. 563 East Pecan Street, and No. 563 West 
 Pecan Street. North of Magnolia Avenue (the twentieth street north of the 
 Colorado River), however, Wichita Street is taken for the dividing line between 
 the east and west running numbers, instead of Congress Avenue, that portion 
 of the city containing new additions in which, by the irregularity of platting, 
 Wichita Street is the central line. The even numbers are placed on the north 
 side, and the odd ones on the south side of the eastand west bound streest. 
 Tli is system of numbering is the simplest that could be devised and the 
 stranger -experiences little or no difficulty in finding the locality of any par- 
 ticular street and house number in the city. 
 
 Austin is fully abreast of all other cities in Texas, and the majority of 
 the greater one. of the country, in the way of internal improvements of the 
 advanced order of the day. The admirably arranged system of water works 
 furnishes an ample supply. of pure water, brought from the clear running 
 Colorado at a distance sufficiently removed to be beyond all danger of con- 
 tamination by the encroachments of civilization for years to come ; and even 
 when that period arrives, the inexhaustible source of supply is susceptible of 
 improvements that will meet every requirement of the future age. 
 
 The city is well lighted with gas, there being two well established com- 
 panies, the competition between which insures the municipality and the 
 public generally, a plentiful supply of excellent gas at cheap rates. 
 
 The steam, fire and the police departments are thoroughly systematized 
 and efficient, affording reliable protection from fire and crime. 
 
 KniVATIeiNAI, FKATl'UKS. 
 
 I he propri' facilities for education are always to be regarded as lire- 
 eminent among the most important advantages necessary in advajicing the 
 d economy of any community to the highest order of perfection. In this 
 respert Austin has always held a leading rank among Texas cities, its educa- 
 
TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 
 
 51 
 
 tional opportunities being eminently great and continually growing mniv 
 comprehensive in deference to the demands of progress. 
 
 As is pretty generally known throughout the country, Texas, by the 
 liberal policy of law-makers since its early foundation as a Republic, has 
 become possessed of the most magnificent public school system that is to be 
 found in any State of the Union, it being endowed with 33,000,000 acres of 
 land, which, together with the cash, bonds and other investments, makes the 
 aggregate value of the permanent school fund to-day nearly $100,000,000. 
 The interest only of this permanent fund is available for school purposes, but 
 that a handsome income accrues therefrom is to be seen from the late report 
 of the Department of Education, in which the available school fund for the 
 year beginning September 1, 1885, is placed at $2,232,272. This liberal sys- 
 tem of education is further sustained by taxation, thus preventing any deficits 
 which might otherwise occur, and insuring to every community a thorough 
 educational training for its children. 
 
 Austin's public schools are well disciplined by competent trustees and 
 efficient teachers and rank as the most popular institutions of learning in 
 our midst. The statement of their condition, as it appeared in the late 
 report issued by the Department of Education, though by no means complete 
 (because, as is alleged, of failure on the part of the city school authorities to 
 send in the statistics in full to the Department), is nevertheless important in 
 showing to a partial extent, at least, the growth and value of the system here. 
 We give the report thus furnished for the last two scholastic years, 
 and 1883-84, as follows : 
 
 
 
 
 a>^ 
 
 
 
 
 No. 
 Schools. 
 
 No. Pupils 
 Enrolled. 
 
 31 * 
 
 II , 
 
 > O 
 
 Scho 
 
 l;iti< 
 
 by 
 
 tistic Popu- Stale Ap- 
 n ri'porti-d portinn- 
 Assessor>. ini'iit. 
 
 l'ai<r!'i>ach- 
 
 rrs, i'tc., 1)V 
 
 City. 
 
 Scholastic 
 
 
 
 ^"S 
 
 
 
 Year. 
 
 
 
 OB 
 
 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 
 cc 
 
 | 
 
 d 
 
 _: 
 
 
 
 
 t 
 
 
 
 "3 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 "5 
 
 C 
 
 
 g 
 
 Amount. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 
 > 
 
 1 
 
 p 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 | 
 
 O 
 
 S 
 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 IBB2-283 
 
 21 
 
 6 
 
 27 
 
 
 
 
 9 7-20 
 
 !04 
 
 555 
 
 l.i.V.t ?.'),376 
 
 $,ltt:J 05 
 
 1883 84 
 
 26 
 
 8 
 
 34 . 
 
 1,224 
 
 560 
 
 1,784 
 
 8 14-20 
 
 1,016 
 
 684 
 
 1,610 7.2 1:. 
 
 
 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS. 
 
 The superior facilities for education afforded by the Texas public school 
 system in the ordinary course, embracing the primary, grammar and high 
 school grades, are supplemented by a collegiate course in the University of 
 Texas, which institution the crowning glory of our common school system- 
 very properly was located at the Capital City. This magnificent institute of 
 higher learning, designed to be the peer of any in the whole land in magni- 
 tude and thoroughness of capacity for educational training, as it is now the 
 
52 AUSTIN HER 
 
 equal in point of munificence of endowment, was first opened for the matricu- 
 lation of students September 15, 1883. Its benefits are free to all who desire 
 to avail themselves of its advantages male and female alike barring the 
 colored race, for whom, however, a branch institute fully the equal in every 
 respect, is to be erected, measures for its early erection having already been 
 adopted. 
 
 The University grounds are situated on College Hill, a beautiful eminence 
 just north of Capitol Hill, between San Marcos and Lampasas Streets. This 
 healthy site, shaded with cedar, is strikingly grand, while the surrounding 
 landscape, as viewed from the upper windows of the University building, 
 almost surpasses description, so peculiarly harmonious are the blendings of its 
 seemingly ever-changing scenes replete with varied charms. The endowment 
 of the University consists of 1,219,900 acres of the public domain, and cash, 
 land notes and State bonds amounting to $523,156.30 (according to the last 
 annual report of the Treasurer of the State), which constitutes a permanent 
 fund. The annual resources of the University, arising from the rental of its 
 lands and the interest on its invested securities, approximates now about 
 $85,000. This income, however handsome though it is, is not sufficient to 
 complete the entire designs of the University and support it as an institution 
 of the highest educational standard dispensing its privileges free to the young 
 men and women of Texas. But it is confidently expected that the State will 
 promptly meet its requirements with further appropriations, in order that the 
 noble work thus auspiciously begun may achieve the grandest possible success. 
 
 The Agricultural and Mechanical College, located near Bryan, Brazos 
 County, is a branch of the University, which, in addition to its proportion of 
 the University fund, is endowed with $209,000 in State bonds, the proceeds of 
 the land grant * of 180,000 acres to Texas by the United States government, 
 under the act of Congress authorizing the establishment and maintainance of 
 such colleges in the various States of the Union. Its progress as a technical 
 school is highly gratifying to the people, and there are flattering indications 
 that future development will cause it to rank among the most prominent insti- 
 tutions of the kind in America. 
 
 The Medical Branch of the University will be located in Galveston, that 
 city presenting greater advantages for clinical instruction than any other point 
 in the State. With these two exceptions, all other branches will be established 
 at Austin, the seat of the main institution. 
 
 Austin is also well supplied with private educational institutes, which are 
 very efficient and are liberally sustained. 
 
 RELIGIOUS 
 
 privileges are also dispensed most liberally in the Capital City, and are highly 
 appreciated. A score of church edifices grace the city, adding materially to its 
 
TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 
 
 architectural beauties, as well as contributing largely to the improvement of its 
 moral tone. Methodist, Baptist, Presbyterian, Episcopal, Roman Catholic, 
 Christian, Lutheran and Hebrew denominations are largely represented, and 
 work with harmonious accord for the betterment of society. And it may be 
 truthfully said that the society of Austin exhibits, to a marked extent, the 
 highest type of culture, grace and intelligence. Cosmopolitan in tastes and 
 exceedingly tolerant in spirit, the utmost cordiality prevails among all classes, 
 inspiring the stranger at once with confidence in the genuineness of the fellow- 
 ship displayed. 
 
 These characteristics are, furthermore, continually developing through the 
 influence of the many different social and benevolent organizations existing in 
 the city. The various orders represented embrace the Masonic order, Odd Fel- 
 lows, Knights of Honor, Knights of Pythias, Legion of Honor, Ancient Order 
 of United Workmen, Knights of Labor, B'nai Brith, Texas Veteran Associa- 
 tion, Temperance Union, and many other fraternal organizations of high 
 standing in every city of the Union. That the numerical strength of their 
 membership in the aggregate is very great, is to be seen in the fact that there 
 are upwards of fifty distinct lodges and societies in the city. Besides these 
 civic bodies, there are three military organizations the Austin's Grays j 
 (Infantry), Travis Light Artillery, and the Austin City Rifles (Colored 
 Infantry). 
 
 But not the least of Austin's attractions as a residence city, are those due 
 to the greatness thrust upon it by having been selected by the State as its 
 
 SEAT OF GOVERNMENT. 
 
 This fact alone has been sufficient to make it the center of many influ- 
 ences of great weight in elevating its intellectual, moral and social standard. 
 The excitement natural from its being the political center of the State adds 
 zest to life, and by the contrast serves to make the quiet home charms all the 
 more delightful. 
 
 The beneficial influence upon Austin through its prominence as the Capi- 
 tal is especially marked in the growing interest manifested by its people in the 
 architectural improvement of the city, and which is not more conspicuously 
 displayed in structures for business and public purposes generally, than in res- 
 idences, even of the humblest character, and the beautifying of their surround- 
 ings. This laudable ambition, which is at once a strong indication of a 
 natural refinement, and an earnest desire to cultivate the love of the beautiful 
 to the highest degree of excellence, is largely fostered and encouraged by the 
 Government, which in the character and design of the 
 
 STATE BUILDINGS 
 
 already erected, and those in course of construction, and contemplated, has 
 exhibited wise forethought and broad judgment, combined with a correct 
 
.">4 Aivnx HER 
 
 knowledge of the architectural re(juireinents of the age, a just appreciation of 
 the value of the advances made in the science of building on the present, and 
 an excellent conception of the influence its progress will have on the future of 
 the American people, that is worthy of emulation by individuals, corporations 
 and governments in all sections of the country. 
 
 The State Institution for the Blind, the Insane Asylum, the Deaf and 
 Dumb Asylum, the main University building, and the Central Land Office, are 
 State edifices which reflect credit upon Texas, and are prominent among the 
 architectural adornments of the Capital, and which, together with the Travis 
 County Court House, and the United States Government Building (both hand- 
 some edifices of recent construction), are objects of special interest to visitors. 
 
 But the crown piece of Austin's future glory as a city of magnificent edi- 
 fices, will be found in the 
 
 CAPITOL BUILDING, 
 
 now in course of erection on Capitol Hill, and upon which Texas is expending 
 lavish wealth and every effort that architectural skill and constructive genius 
 can contribute, to make it a fitting emblem of the greatness and grandeurs of 
 this immense State, a monument to its wonderful progress in the first half 
 century of its existence as a member of the Union Sisterhood, and a time- 
 el idui ing evidence of American achievements in the work of higher civili/a- 
 tion. When complete, the Texas State Capitol will have nl#nlutdy no peer in 
 the entire count vy except the Capitol of the United States, and will rank in all 
 respects as one of the finest structures in the world. The design, combining as 
 it does, all the essential elements of proportion, dignity, six.e. adaptabilitv. and 
 modern improvement, is conceded by every competent judge to be a fair reflex 
 of the enlightenment of our age. 
 
 The Commissioners' description of the building, however, will enable our 
 readers to form a clearer conception of the splendid structure when complete, 
 and which in substance is as follows : 
 
 It i.- located on the commanding elevation, known as Capitol Hill, near 
 the center of the city, and in the square originally selected for the capitol of 
 
 the republic of Texas. The north front rests on Peach Street, facing University 
 II ill, and the mountainous background to the left and rear: the east and west 
 wings front on Colorado and Brazos Streets respectively, while the south, stand- 
 ing at right angles with Congress Avenue, and parallel with Mes M uite Street, 
 overlooking the river and the evergreen hills beyond, presents ;t view of snr- 
 ].a in<: beauty. 
 
 "The style of architecture is classic, with modern treatment, the outlines 
 being suiliciently broken to give stately appearance and to secure proper con- 
 
TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 55 
 
 trusts of light and shade. Tins various combinations of scientific principle art- 
 employed to combine that simplicity, harmony and grandeur which alone is 
 approved by cultured taste. 
 
 " The dimensions, at greatest measure, are fiix^ feet long by 28S feet 10 
 inches wide. The building is three stories in height above the basement, 
 besides a fourth or central story, running from the north to the south pedi- 
 ment. 
 
 " Of all similar structures in America, it is second in size only to the 
 National Capitol at Washington, D. C., and is larger and finer than the German 
 Reichstag or English Parliament buildings. The provisions for the executive, 
 legislative and judicial departments, including educational, agricultural, 
 geological, military, historical and other appointments, are ample and com- 
 plete. The entire structure will rest on solid rock. The foundation walls will 
 be six feet eight inches thick; those for the dome seven feet four inches thick 
 all to be made of dimension stone dressed, and laid in cement. The exten- 
 sive system of pipes and appliances for sewerage, ventilation, steam-heating, 
 water, gas and electricity, is embedded in the limestone beneath and enclosed 
 in mortar. 
 
 " The basement story extends sufficiently above the grade-line to insure 
 natural ventilation and sun-lighting. The water-table is a belt of red Texas 
 granite, five feet deep, extending the entire circumference of the building, cut 
 in two sections and finished with wash and ovolo, or Grecian moulding. The 
 ashlar work is square rustic, sand-rubbed, illustrated with carved cap, mould, 
 dentil and modillion. Massive pilasters, consisting of pedestal, band and Muted 
 monolith, extend throughout the second and third stories, a feature at once 
 elegant and imposing. These columns are crowned with rich Corinthian capi- 
 tals, and sustain an entablature composed of architrave, frieze and cornice, 
 appropriately embellished, and which, in turn, is surmounted with balustrade, 
 pavillion and urn. Each of the cut stone pediments that adorn the four fronts 
 enclose the Lone Star, made of heavy plate glass, secured in the masonry, and 
 so ground that the light, natural or artificial will show distinctly the shape of 
 that emblem. The iron roof truss ai}d plan seem the perfection of mechanical 
 engineering; while the minutije of construction and combination of materials 
 slate, cement, glass and metals are all that could reasonably be desired. 
 
 "Towering above all is the great dome, which, with the triumphal arch 
 over the south entrance, are thu distinctive features of the design. The tholo- 
 bate, or base of dome superstructure, is about 130 feet above the basement 
 floor. At the height of 156 feet is the base of the colonnade formed around 
 the rotunda by huge bron/e columns, enclosing an open-air promenade inferior 
 to nothing on the continent. Still above, at 180 feet, and again at the apex of 
 the dome, around the foot of the lantern, 250 feet high, are circular balusters. 
 
56 AUSTIN HER 
 
 securing open balconies, which are reached from the winding stairway within 
 the cupola. 
 
 "The arrangements throughout the several stories, of departments, offices, 
 halls, courts, libraries, corridors, business rooms, vaults, closets, elevators, stair- 
 ways, railings, ceilings and pendants, are as unique as they are practical and 
 complete. Almost all the rooms have direct sunlight during some portion of 
 the day. Perfect ventilation is secured by mechanical process, which expels all 
 vitiated air, and supplies the vacuum continuously with fresh currents, by 
 means of ducts for that purpose. 
 
 " The first story contains accommodations for the Governor's office and 
 apartments, five rooms ; Secretary of State's office and apartments, five rooms ; 
 Attorney General's office and apartments, five rooms ; Comptroller's office and 
 apartments, eleven rooms ; Treasurer's office and apartments, four rooms ; 
 Statistics, office and apartments, three rooms; Agriculture, office and apart- 
 ments, three rooms; Education, office and apartments, three rooms; Adjutant- 
 General's office and apartments, three rooms ; Geological Department, office, 
 three rooms ; Police and Janitor's office and apartments, three rooms ; Treas- 
 urer's vault and safe, one room ; Secretary of State's vault, one room ; Comp- 
 troller's vault, three rooms. 
 
 " All the above rooms are arranged en suite, and are relatively of proper 
 dimensions. 
 
 " In the second story, east of the central dome is located the Senate Chamber, 
 72 by 76 feet, capable of conveniently accommodating 118 members. Surround- 
 ing this room are convenient cloak-rooms, lobbies and toilet-rooms. There are 
 also in this section of the building two Lieutenant-Governor's rooms, one 
 enrolling clerk's room, one engrossing room, twelve committee rooms and one 
 postoffice. 
 
 " West of the central dome is located the Hall of Representatives, 76 by 96 
 feet, capable of accommodating about 240 members. This hall is likewise 
 surrounded by convenient cloak-rooms, lobbies and toilet-rooms. There are 
 also two speaker's rooms, one enrolling clerk's room and one engrossing room. 
 
 " South of the dome in the center of the building is the Governor's state 
 room (to be used also for a portrait gallery), and north of the dome is the State 
 library, 122 by 64 feet, which room is connected by a private stairway with 
 the law library above. 
 
 " The third story contains the galleries of the Senate Chamber and Hall of 
 Representatives, one Supreme Courtroom, one Appellate Courtroom (each 37 
 by 68 feet), one law library, 22 by 48 feet, two court clerks' offices, nine judges' 
 rooms, two marshal's rooms, sixteen committee rooms, one janitor's room and 
 toilet-rooms. 
 
TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 57 
 
 "The fourth story contains nine rooms which may be advantageously used 
 for committee rooms or for other useful purposes." 
 
 All the granite and marble, and much of the oilier material centering 
 into the construction of the building, is of Texas product, and prepared for 
 use in the State. To defray the cost of building, 3,050,000 acres of the public 
 domain were set apart by an act of legislature, February 20, 187!). This reser- 
 vation, which lies in that section of the State known as the Panhandle, the 
 counties comprising it being as yet unorganized, was transferred to a Chicago 
 syndicate, in consideration of the new Capitol being erected complete. The 
 cost, it has been discovered, will greatly exceed the original calculations of 
 these capitalists, but the work of construction is nevertheless rapidly progress- 
 ing, and its early completion is assured, possibly in time for inauguration dur- 
 ing the fiftieth anniversary year of Texas' freedom from Mexican rule. 
 
 Having briefly traced the rise and progress of Austin from an insignifi- 
 cant hamlet of three families only, on the very outskirts of civilization less 
 than fifty years ago, to its present magnificent stage in which it is the Capital 
 City of the greatest State in the Union, the seat of rare intelligence, culture 
 and wealth, and one of the most progressive centers of trade, commerce and 
 manufactures in the South, having unrivaled advantages for establishing its 
 greater distinction as such in the near future, it is made clearly evident that 
 while much of its prominence is due to the greatness thrust upon it by the 
 people at large having declared it tr^ permanent habitat of government, to its 
 own citizens belongs the credit of developing the more substantial elements 
 of its present and prospective prosperity. It is, therefore, but just and proper 
 that the well earned meed of praise should be rendered to the energetic spirits 
 whose industry, skill, courage and vim is utilized solely in the interest of 
 Austin's advancement as a city capable of conferring the most desirable bene- 
 fits upon mankind through its power in trade and industrial channels. The 
 record they have made is a particularly bright one, in the delineation of which 
 it affords great gratification to be able to devote the remaining pages of our 
 work in behalf of the Capital City. This most interesting feature we now 
 present to our readers under the caption of 
 
 REPRESENTATIVE BUSINESS ENTERPRISES OF AUSTIN. 
 
 P. H. GERHARD DEALER IN ALL KINDS OF HARDWARE, MACHINERY, ETC.; 
 503 AND 505 EAST PECAN STREET. 
 
 This house was established six years ago, and has built up a large and 
 lucrative trade and attained a popularity second to no similar institution in 
 the city. The building occupied is a two story brick, with basement, well 
 located, conveniently arranged, with elevator and other facilities for the easy 
 
58 AUSTIN HER 
 
 handling of goods, and covering an area of 32x128 feet. The stock carried 
 consists of a full line of heavy and shelf hardware, iron, barb wire, rope, 
 machinery and agricultural implements of all kinds, wagons, etc. The 
 machinery handled is of the best make and includes some of the most popu- 
 lar brands, and, as Mr. Gerhard deals directly with the manufacturers, he is 
 able to sell at factory prices, thus saving his customers many dollars in the 
 way of freights. He is agent for the " Old Hickory," " Luking," and " Bain " 
 wagon, all of which are famous for excellence of work and material, and 
 completeness in every respect. He makes a specialty of the Weir plow, an 
 implement in which are combined more good qualities than in any other one 
 plow made, and of which he sells large numbers every year. Mr. Gerhard 
 has a large trade, extending over a wide scope of territory, and aggregating 
 many thousands of dollars annually. He pays the closest attention to busi- 
 ness, buying his stock carefully and judiciously, and taking advantage of 
 every opportunity that will enable him to offer the best goods at the lowest 
 prices. He is upright and liberal in all his dealings, and the uniform cour- 
 tesy and kindness which he extends to all who visit his establishment make 
 it one of the most pleasant, as well as one of the most profitable in the city 
 with which to establish business relations. This house is cordially recom- 
 mended to our readers as worthy their most generous confidence and support. 
 
 SMITH & BRADY MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN BOOTS AND SHOES; 
 217 EAST PECAN STREET. 
 
 In a review of the commercial and industrial institutions of a city, those 
 firms are entitled to special mention which have, from small beginnings, grown 
 to prominence, and whose success is due to the pluck, energy and business 
 capacity which have characterized their management. Among the firms of 
 this kind in the city, Messrs. Smith & Brady, 217 East Pecan Street, are deserv- 
 ing of special mention. This firm began business here nine years ago in a 
 small way, and by good management and thorough, progressive enterprise 
 they have built up a trade, extended their business, increased their stock, until 
 to-day, they have one of the largest and most completely stocked boot and 
 shoe houses in the city, and have a trade which extends throughout the city 
 and surrounding country, aggregating $30,000 per annum. They carry a full 
 and carefully selected stock of boots and shoes, embracing everything in that 
 line, from llie finest kid slipper to the heaviest riding boot, and including the 
 finest brands of goods known to the trade. In the manufacturing department 
 are engaged a number of skillful workmen, who make to order boots and 
 shoes of all kinds. Messrs. B. H. Smith and W. B. Brady, who compose the 
 personnel of the firm, are both practical shoemakers of long experience, and 
 understanding the business thoroughly, they employ only first-class workmen, 
 
TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 59 
 
 and turn out nothing but first-class work. Every boot or shoe made to order 
 by them is warranted to fit and guaranteed to give satisfaction in every par- 
 ticular. The building occupied by this establishment is a two story structure, 
 covering an area of 23x80 feet. The lower story is used for a salesroom, and 
 the upper for the manufacturing department. The building is conveniently 
 located and well arranged for the business for which it is used. Messrs. Smith 
 & Brady are honest and upright business men, fair and liberal in dealing, and 
 are gentlemen of genial manners and courteous address. This house is cheer- 
 fully recommended to our readers as worthy their most generous confidence 
 and patronage. 
 
 AUSTIN GAS LIGHT AND COAL COMPANY S. WATTS, PRES.; J. W. 
 PARKER, VICE-PRES.; A. E. JUDGE, SEC. AND SUPT.; E. T. EGGLESTON, 
 TREAS.; OFFICE AT WORKS, CORNER LIVE OAK AND COLORADO STREETS ; 
 OFFICE OF SECRETARY, 105 LIVE OAK STREET. 
 
 It is of the first importance that the gas by which every city is lighted should 
 be of the best quality and made from the purest coal, and Austin may boast of 
 as complete a system of gas works as any city of its size in the country. Their 
 works are located at the corner of Live Oak and Colorado Streets, and contain 
 all the most improved and modern apparatus for the manufacture of gas. 
 Besides this, they keep on hand a large stock of coal, coke, coal tar and gas 
 fitting materials. It is scarcely necessary to add, that buying their coal in 
 immense quantities and enjoying the concessions usually given to gas compa- 
 nies they can put the price of gas, coke and tar at reduced rates. They are 
 also prepared to take contracts for gas fitting and plumbing in all its branches, 
 and employing only skillful and experienced workmen to guarantee satisfac- 
 tion. Their officers are all gentlemen of high standing and well-known busi- 
 ness capacity, and in their hands the interests of the company are well guarded 
 and advanced. All communications should be addressed to Mr. A. E. Judge, 
 Secretary and Superintendent, who will give them prompt attention. 
 
 A. H. ACHILLES WHOLESALE AND RETAIL GROCERIES AND FEED ; 201 WEST 
 PECAN STREET. 
 
 Conspicuous among the grocery establishments of the Capital City is that 
 of Mr. A. H. Achilles, located at 201 West Pecan Street, opposite the post office. 
 This gentleman carries one of the largest and finest stocks of staple and fancy 
 groceries, embracing all the best grades of flour, sugar, tea, coffee, spices, 
 canned goods, etc., that can be found in the city. He also deals in all kinds 
 of ieed and country produce of every description, and his prices are as low as 
 those of any of his contemporaries. He is constantly replenishing his stock, 
 thus keeping it fresh at all times. Besides his large retail trade in the city, h e 
 
60 AUSTIN HER 
 
 has an extensive wholesale trade which extends all over the entire State, and 
 the dealers and merchants throughout the surrounding country, who have not 
 formed the acquaintance of this house, will find that relations entered into with 
 it will prove profitable to them and of a pleasant and enduring character. 
 Orders from abroad receive the promptest attention and goods are delivered to 
 any part of the city free of charge. Mr. Achilles, the sole proprietor of this 
 business, is an energetic business man, prompt in all his business transactions, 
 and well deserves the large patronage he is receiving. 
 
 TuM MURRAH LAND AND REAL ESTATE AGENT; ROOMS 8 AND 9, SECOND 
 FLOOR, MASONIC TEMPLE. 
 
 Our real estate men are numbered by the score. Some are of many years 
 experience, while others are but novices in the business, and not well acquainted 
 with the value of property, or the practical methods to be' pursued to conduct 
 it properly. Mr. Murrah has for a number of years been connected with the 
 land and real estate business, and has a very extensive experience in this line. 
 His facilities for buying, selling, and exchanging real estate are unsurpassed, 
 and his list of property on hand is extensive and varied. His energy, accuracy 
 and promptness to his patrons' interests has eminently qualified him to do 
 justice to those who entrust their business, to his care. He devotes his personal 
 attention to all business transactions, a feature to which he is largely indebted 
 for his present success. In depicting the leading representatives of each 
 branch of industry, it affords us no little pleasure to mention the well-known 
 house of Tom Murrah. The readers of this volume abroad having real estate 
 interests in Austin, or desirous of investment, should not fail to take advantage 
 of the extensive experience of this establishment. 
 
 CARL MAYER JEWELER; 612 CONGRESS AVENUE. 
 
 Among the most attractive mercantile establishments of our principal 
 business thoroughfares, those devoted to the display of the various articles for 
 utility and ornament embraced in the comprehensive classification of jewelry, 
 undoubtedly claim precedence, appealing as they do to refined taste and 
 a'sthetic instincts of all classes of the community. One of the largest and 
 must favorably known emporiums of this classjn the city of Austin is that 
 of Mr. Carl Mayer, located on Congress Avenue, where, in a commodious and 
 handsomely arranged salesroom, are displayed, in almost bewildering profu- 
 sion, importm and American watches, elegant clocks, diamonds and precious 
 stones in a variety of settings, spectacles, eye-glasses, opera glasses, dentistry 
 
 g Is silver and (dated ware, and fine jewelry of every description of modern 
 
 and fashionable styles and designs. This house was established about seven 
 year- jigo. and each succeeding year has witnessed a gratifying increase to its 
 
TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 61 
 
 trade, and to-day it ranks as one of the finest establishments in the State. 
 Special attention is devoted to repairing watches by skilled workmen thor- 
 oughly familiar with the delicate mechanism of the various manufactures of 
 Europe and America, and to repairing fine jewelry in the most thorough and 
 workmanly manner. Mr. Carl Mayer, the present proprietor, is a skillful 
 workman himself, and by a lifetime experience has acquired a thorough 
 knowledge of the business. In conclusion, we will state that the facilities 
 enjoyed by this house enable it to favorably compete with other contemporary 
 concerns, both in price and quality ; and those interested will find it to their 
 advantage and profit to enter into business relations with the house of Carl 
 Mayer. 
 
 R. L. BROWN INVESTING AGENT. 
 
 Mr. Brown commenced here in 1883, and since establishing himself has 
 done a large and constantly increasing business which extends throughout the 
 city and State, amounting last year to several hundred thousand dollars. Mr. 
 Brown is prepared to make loans to any amount, and combines with this the 
 law and conveyance business in all its branches. He is a gentleman well- 
 known in Austin, and is by long experience well fitted for his present business. 
 All information regarding his business is cheerfully given, and parties here 
 and elsewhere will find it to their advantage to call on him. 
 
 AVENUE HOTEL CONGRESS AVENUE, LARGEST, BEST AND MOST CENTRAL 
 HOTEL IN THE CITY; D. M. WILSON, PROPRIETOR.. 
 
 Undoubtedly the most comfortable, homelike, and best fitted out hotel in 
 Austin is the well known " Avenue Hotel " whose name heads our article. 
 This hotel has been in existence for 25 years; and during that time has always 
 been the favorite resort of travelers coming to Austin. Its appointments are in 
 every respect first-class, including all the modern improvements, such as elec- 
 tric bells, annunciators, bathrooms, billiard tables, and restaurant, and the 
 entire building is illuminated by electric light. There also are sample rooms 
 for commercial travelers. From 125 to 150 guests can be accommodated with- 
 out crowding. The table is spread with only the best that the market affords ; 
 and the kitchen is under the special charge of one of the best cooks in the State. 
 The admirable location and reasonable terms of the " Avenue Hotel " render it 
 altogether one of the most desirable stopping places in Texas. Mr. D. M. Wil- 
 son, who has recently assumed charge, is a gentleman well known in business 
 and social circles ; and has had an extensive experience as a caterer to the pub- 
 lic. Under his efficient management, the " Avenue Hotel " will, no doubt, sus- 
 tain and increase its already well established reputation as one of the best 
 hotels in the Capital City, or the State of Texas. 
 
62 AUSTIN HER 
 
 AUSTIN ICE FACTORY JOE BRUNET, PROPRIETOR. 
 
 The above house was established in 1869, and has ever since done a flour- 
 ishing business. Located in a large commodious building near the Houston & 
 Texas Central Railroad, with ample facilities and a large number of efficient 
 hands. His daily capacity is now seventeen tons and will probably be increased 
 the coming season. His trade is mostly located in the city, but he is ready at 
 all ' times to send supplies abroad. Three engines, two of 40 and one of 50 
 horse-power ; and one 150 horse-power boiler, and three ice machines are em- 
 ployed in the manufacture of this ice, the latter being of the most approved 
 patterns. Mr. Brunet's son assists him in carrying on this enterprise, and IIP. 
 is perfectly familiar with the business having had a life-experience at it. It 
 richly deserves the success it has met with, and is an institution of which the 
 city may feel proud. The reputation of this house in the trade for enterprise 
 and liberality is not excelled by any contemporaneous concern, while the 
 resources and facilities at the command of the proprietor makes it one of the 
 most desirable houses in the State with which to establish pleasant and profit- 
 able relations. 
 
 SWINDELLS' PRINTING HOUSE 1004 CONGRESS AVENUE. 
 
 Great progress has been made in the artistic branches of printing in the 
 last decade, creating a demand for fine commercial work, and calling into exist- 
 ence new establishments and the latest improved machinery. The establish- 
 ment of Mr. Swindells is one of the largest of this kind in the Southwest, and 
 from his able management and superior finish and style of work has taken a 
 leading position and an increasing trade which requires at the present time 
 about 25 skilled workmen to keep pace with the liberal orders received. He 
 has ample steam power to facilitate his business, and is noted not only for fine 
 artistic work, but promptness in execution. He does all kinds of book, job, 
 commercial work, etc., and a specialty is made of school catalogues, price lists 
 and lawyers' briefs. He is also contractor for the State printing. Our com- 
 mercial men from abroad, as well as our own city, will find this one of the best 
 houses in the South, in which to have work done in the most expeditious and 
 reliable manner, and last, but not least, at the lowest possible rates. 
 
 S. B. HILL PHOTOGRAPHY ; 818 CONGRESS AVENUE. 
 
 This is one of the largest art galleries in Austin. Mr. Hill, the proprietor, 
 is a careful business man, always employing, when needed, none but thorough 
 and practical artists. He is a careful observer, watching closely every new 
 invention placed before the public pertaining to photography, and which, if it 
 proves to be of any benefit to the art, is adopted. He is very favorably located 
 ;it Xo. 818 Congress Avenue, being right in the center of the business portion 
 
TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 63 
 
 of the city. His rooms are all well lighted and arranged, and his gallery is 
 replete with all the modern appliances, and in appearance cannot be surpassed 
 in the city. A speciality is made of copying and enlarging old pictures, and 
 finishing in India ink, crayon, etc., and no work is allowed to leave this estab- 
 lishment unless it gives perfect satisfaction. We commend this house to the 
 trade, not only on account of its superior quality of output, but for the method, 
 liberality and fair dealings, upon which its business is conducted, and which is 
 sure to result in pleasant and profitable relations to those who command its 
 services. 
 
 HENRY MARTIN DEALER IN STOVES, TINWARE, TABLE AND POCKET CUT- 
 LERY, ETC.; 413 EAST PECAN STREET. 
 
 Among the establishments in the city dealing in stoves, tinware, etc., the 
 house of Henry Martin, 413 East Pecan Street, is entitled to special mention, 
 both by reason of the size and quality of the stock carried, and 'because of the 
 energy, enterprise and activity of its management. This establishment was 
 founded about two years ago by Messrs. Grove & Martin, the latter-named 
 gentleman buying out his partner a few months ago, and now being sole pro- 
 prietor. The store occupied is centrally located and well arranged, and covers 
 an area of 22x140 feet. The stock carried embraces a full and complete line 
 of cook and heating stoves, tinware, table and pocket cutlery, etc., embracing 
 some of the best and most popular brands of goods known to the market. 
 A manufacturing department is run in connection with this establishment, in 
 which all kinds of tin and sheet-iron work is done ; and Mr. Martin being 
 himself a practical tinner, and giving the work his close personal supervision, 
 all the work done is first-class, and guaranteed to give satisfaction in every 
 particular. Any of our readers who desire to purchase articles in this line 
 should call on Mr. Martin, as an examination of his stock and prices will serve 
 to convince them that he sells the best goods at the lowest prices, and that 
 nowhere in the city can a house be found with which business can be trans- 
 acted more pleasantly or more profitably. 
 
 JOHN SHEEHAN DEALER IN PLAIN AND FANCY GROCERIES; 413 CONGRESS 
 AVENUE. 
 
 The handsomest and best equipped family grocery in the city of Austin is 
 that of John Sheehan, 413 Congress Avenue. Mr. Sheehan has been in the 
 grocery business here five years, and during that time has established a repu- 
 tation and built up a trade of which a much older institution might well be 
 proud. The building he occupies is well situated, handsomely fitted up and 
 conveniently arranged for his business, and his stock is kept in the best possi- 
 ble order. This stock embraces a full and complete line of plain and fancy 
 
64 AUSTIN HER 
 
 groceries, flours, meats, provisions, coffees, teas, sugars, syrups, spices, canned 
 goods, etc., including some of the best and most popular brands known to the 
 trade. The large trade of this house makes the frequent receipt of new goods 
 imperative, and thus the stock is always kept fresh, and nowhere in the city 
 can the housekeeper find more desirable articles for table use than here. The 
 low prices, free delivery, and polite attention bestowed upon all customers, add 
 to the prosperity of the house and attach to it a large number of permanent 
 patrons. Mr. Sheehan is a native of Virginia, but was raised in Texas. He 
 is a good business man, enterprising and progressive in all his undertakings, 
 and a gentleman of genial manners and courteous address. His establish- 
 ment is cordially recommended to our readers as in every way worthy their 
 confidence and patronage. 
 
 CAPITAL ICE FACTORY MATTINGLEY & ZIMPELMAN, PROPRIETORS; 101 
 WEST WATER STREET. 
 
 Among the valuable enterprises of the past decade, and one that has 
 brought comfort to our people, as well as been beneficial to those who have 
 been sick is the ice factory of Messrs. Mattingley & Zimpelman, located near 
 Congress Avenue, on Water street. The enterprise was started by Mr. Zim- 
 pelman's father about ten years ago and during the past three years it has 
 been conducted by these young and enterprising men, who have provided the 
 best modern machinery to facilitate the business, and can now turn out 45,000 
 pounds of pure ice per day, for which they find an increasing trade annually, 
 now reaching most of the prominent towns and cities around Austin. From 
 twelve to fifteen hands find employment here and their pay roll reaches about 
 $900 monthly. Those who peruse this work can depend on getting pure ice 
 and satisfaction in business transactions when dealing with this reliable firm. 
 They are public spirited men and readily aid all enterprises that are of a 
 public nature. We are glad to find space in the business history of Austin 
 for so laudable an industry and one of so much interest to lovers of comforts 
 of life. 
 
 JOSEPH SPENCE REAL ESTATE AND COLLECTING AGENT; ROOM No. 1, HAN- 
 COCK BUILDINC, XKXT TO PoSTOFFICE. 
 
 Among the real estate firms of Austin who have for years been connected 
 and acquainted with the value of city property and surrounding lands is the 
 widely known house of Joseph Spence, located at room No. 1 Hancock Build- 
 ing, next to Postoffice. He has conducted this business for the past fourteen 
 years and his long experience has made his services valuable in this line, 
 lie gives his careful attention to all interests of his patrons, which has won 
 for him a large and lucrative business. Many of our most valuable property 
 
TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 65 
 
 holders are numbered among his patrons, who have entrusted their business 
 to his care for years. The buying, selling and exchanging of real estate, 
 securing of loans, renting of property, paying of taxes, as may be desired, col- 
 lecting of claims against the State, and general negotiations, come under the 
 province of a real estate agent. In all these requirements Mr. Spence is not 
 only familiar, but thoroughly reliable. His superior judgment and ability in 
 the past is only an evidence of his future success. All his transactions are 
 conducted upon a fair and honorable basis, giving to his patrons full satisfac- 
 tion in every case. 
 
 B. C. WELLS JEWELER ; 614 CONGRESS AVENUE. 
 
 Located at No. 614 Congress Avenue in a desirable business portion of 
 the city, is the jewelry establishment of B. C. Wells. This business was 
 formed in 1871, and a successful trade has been the merited result of well 
 directed effort. His sales room is ample and well fitted up and is stocked 
 with a desirable and attractive line of imported and American watches from 
 the most noted manufactories, together with clocks, solid silver and plated ware, 
 jewelry of every description, fine cutlery, and articles for use and ornament, 
 such as ordinarily pertain to first class metropolitan establishments of this 
 description. His trade extends to all parts of the State supplying a large 
 number of the country merchants with goods in addition to an extensive 
 retail business. Mr. Wells is a practical and experienced jeweler, having 
 thoroughly learned the trade, and this department is a prominent specialty of 
 the business. He is a permanent resident of Austin, having lived here since 
 1871, and in conclusion we may state that he is liberal in his dealings, reliable 
 and trustworthy, and he well merits the success and prosperity he has so long 
 enjoyed. 
 
 E. M. PURKISS (SUCCESSOR TO PURKISS & FARR) HOUSE, SIGN AND ORNA- 
 MENTAL PAINTER, PAPER HANGER AND DECORATOR ; WALL PAPER, 
 DECORATIONS AND PAINTERS' SUPPLIES WHOLESALE AND RETAIL; 919 
 CONGRESS AVENUE. 
 
 Among the most enterprising and substantial business houses of Austin 
 is that of E. M. Purkiss, successor to Purkiss & Farr, which, established early 
 in 1884, now ranks as the largest firm in its line in Austin or this section. 
 He occupies the large and commodious building at 919 Congress Avenue, 
 22x80 feet, with a sign-room 40x50 feet in dimensions, both being handsomely 
 fitted out with every convenience for the quick and systematic conduct of the 
 business. He carries a large and complete stock of the best wall paper and 
 decorations, with the largest line of paints in Austin. A force of twenty 
 hands is employed whose work, both in house and sign painting and in paper 
 
66 AUSTIN HER 
 
 hanging and decorating, will bear comparison with any in the country. Mr. 
 E. 'M. Purkiss possesses facilities which enable him to compete successfully 
 with all rivals. Employing only experienced workmen, and he being per- 
 fectly familiar with both branches of the business, all work intrusted him 
 invariably gives satisfaction, and the numerous residences in Austin and the 
 State which have been fitted up by this house are evidences of his capacity to 
 guarantee satisfaction. Mr. Purkiss is a gentleman well known in and out of 
 business circles, and with the present rapid growth of Austin, there is no 
 limit to his future extension. All information concerning his business is cheer- 
 fully and promptly given, and estimates on work furnished on application to 
 him. 
 
 W. VON ROSENBERG LAND AND GENERAL AGENT ; OFFICE No. 826 CON- 
 GRESS AVENUE, CORNER WEST ASH STREET. 
 
 Reviewing Austin in a business way we meet with many of the old and 
 substantial citizens who are worthy of mention in our history, and among 
 these is Mr. W. Von Rosenberg, general land agent. He came to Austin as 
 early as 1856, and entered the Texas Land Office at once, which made him 
 quite familiar not only with the land, but with the land laws of the State, and 
 with the land business generally, arid, therefore, is well qualified for the busi- 
 ness he is conducting. His advice and services are particularly valuable, as 
 they can be relied upon by land men as being correct. Any parties wanting 
 taxes paid, land inspected and valued, purchased or sold, or any business 
 attended to in the several departments of the land offices, can commit their 
 interests to no abler or more prompt hands than to place them with Mr. Von 
 Rosenberg. He is also a public spirited citizen enjoying offices of trust and 
 honor, the gifts of the people, and filling all such to the full satisfaction of the 
 public. He is one of the directors of the new City National Bank. 
 
 RHOADS FISHER (FORMERLY CHIEF CLERK GENERAL LAND OFFICE), LAND 
 AND GENERAL AGENT ; 816 CONGRESS AVENUE. 
 
 In the prepartion of the history of a city we often come in contact with 
 establishments and noteworthy enterprises that conduce so much to the public 
 welfare and which are in a measure unknown throughout the State. Such we 
 desire in this volume to set before our readers. In the general land business 
 in Austin we find Mr. Rhoads Fisher, who has been chief clerk in the General 
 Land Office, and therefore well fitted to offer his services to the public in this 
 line of business. He is centrally located at 816 Congress Avenue, and makes 
 a specialty of purchasing and leasing of the school lands. He pays taxes and 
 looks after lands generally, and devotes a portion of his time to the procuring 
 of patents, and understands the patent laws perfectly. No one enjoys more 
 
TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 67 
 
 of the public confidence than Mr. Fisher, and none we are sure will conduct 
 business entrusted to them with more marked ability or be more prompt in 
 responding to their patrons than Mr. Fisher. We are glad to note the eminent 
 success that is attending his untiring energy in this direction, and trust our 
 readers who may have business in this line will feel assured of honorable and 
 fair treatment at his hands for any trust that may be placed with him. 
 
 BARNES & SCOTT WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN STAPLE AND 
 FANCY GROCERIES; 101 AND 103 WEST PECAN STREET. 
 
 At the above named locality will be found one of the most elegantly fitted 
 up and handsomely arranged family groceries in the city. The genial, popular, 
 and enterprising gentlemen, Messrs. Barnes & Scott, will be found with the most 
 complete, varied and carefull} 1 " selected stock of staple and fancy groceries and 
 general provisions to be found anywhere in the South, everything being new, 
 fresh and clear. The building is large and admirably adapted to this business. 
 The storerooms are light, commodious and neatly arranged with a tempting 
 display of appetizing groceries of every conceivable kind ; the best brands of 
 flour, the choicest coffee, teas, sugar, syrups, spices, canned goods, hams, break- 
 fast bacon, fruit and condiments of every kind, and in short, every article to be 
 found in a first-class establishment of this description. The store is filled from 
 one end to the other with as fresh and pure and as attractive a line of goods as 
 can be desired or procured, and the stock is constantly kept up to the highest 
 standard by frequent replenishments. This firm offer more advantages to the 
 country community than most similar houses, as they deal in country produce 
 of all kinds, and offer either cash or goods in payment for the same. They do 
 the largest retail grocery business in Austin, and deliver goods free of charge 
 to any part of the city, having two delivery wagons. Messrs. Barnes & Scott, 
 the individual members of the firm, are well known in the city and surround- 
 ing country, and their energy, industry and integrity have secured them a posi- 
 tion in the community entitling them to the respect and confidence as well as 
 the liberal patronage of the public. 
 
 GRAHAM & ANDREWS DRUGGISTS ; 917 CONGRESS AVENUE. 
 
 Among the oldest and best established business houses of Austin is the one 
 whose name heads our article, and which, throughout an existence of 30 years, 
 has always preserved its high standing and reputation. Founded in 1854 by D. 
 W. C. Baker, it became successively Baker & Graham, and in 1878 J. W. Graham; 
 the present style being adopted a few months since by the admission of Mr. T. M. 
 Andrews. The building is ample and commodious, being 40x120 feet in dimen- 
 sions and two stories in height, and is well fitted out with every convenience for the 
 prompt and successful conduct of the business. The stock consists of the very 
 
68 AUSTIN HER 
 
 choicest and finest European and American drugs and chemicals, toilet articles, 
 surgical instruments and other articles of a strictly first-class drug house. The 
 prescription business which is their specialty, is as complete as any in Austin, 
 their facilities for compounding being the best. A very large and complete line 
 of paints and oils is also kept on hand, and is sold in direct competition with 
 houses who deal exclusively in these articles. Messrs. J. W. Graham and T. 
 M. Andrews, who comprise the firm, are both gentlemen of long and thorough 
 experience in their business, and well known in trade circles and the social 
 walks of life, as sterling business men and worthy citizens. It affords us pleas- 
 ure to place among the representative firms of Austin, a house whose career 
 has been so long and honorable as this one. 
 
 THOMSON & DONNAN LAND AND CLAIM AGENTS, 808 CONGRESS AVENTK. 
 
 The conducting of the land and claim interest of Texas requires as much 
 marked ability, sound judgment, keen foresight and promptness in action as 
 any industry in the State. A volume designed to circulate largely over the 
 State, information in this line of business, is more desirable than any other, as 
 it tends to center business in Austin. Engaged in this branch of business is 
 the firm of Thomson & Donnan, 808 Congress Avenue. Mr. R. M. Thomson 
 and John K. Donnan compose the firm ; "both have been residents of Austin 
 for years, and are familiar with the land interests of the State. They buy, sell 
 and locate lands, pay taxes on the same, pay taxes for non-residents, and look 
 after lands generally ; buy and sell land scrip, and handle land on commis- 
 sion, selling and making prompt returns. They are reliable men, as will 
 appear plainly when we say they represent over 700 tracts of land, entrusted 
 them by one man, who satisfied himself of their financial standing and 
 upright business character by inquiry of different banks in the city, to whom 
 they refer. As a firm with which to correspond and transact business, no bet- 
 ter can be found, and none that exhibit more activity and carefulness, looking 
 after the interests of their patrons with the same care and attention that they 
 give their own. 
 
 L. SCHOOLHERR & BRO. DRY GOODS, 608 CONGRESS AVENUE. 
 
 One of the largest and most favorably known establishments in the dry 
 goods line in Austin is that of L. Schoolherr & Bro., located at No. 608 Con- 
 ,u !<.<> Avenue. This business was started about ten years ago, and hns since 
 the beginning been very successful. The building occupied for carrying on 
 this business is located as above mentioned, and consists of two floors, 15()x _'-") 
 feet in dimensions, which are conveniently arranged for carrying on a business 
 of this description. These gentlemen have constantly on hand a complete and 
 choice stock of dry goods, notions, etc., at prices which will suit the most exact- 
 
TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 69 
 
 ing purchaser. They are constantly replenishing their stock, thus keeping 
 their goods fresh and of the latest styles and designs. About eight hands are 
 employed as salesmen, and all patrons are treated in a very cordial manner. 
 In-sides having their share of the city trade, they receive considerable trade 
 from the different sections of the State, and all orders receive prompt attention. 
 Messrs. L. Schoolherr and S. Schoolherr are the individual members of the 
 firm. They have had a life experience in this branch of business, and under- 
 stand it in all its details. They have resided in the city for the last twelve 
 years, are honorable, energetic business men, and well deserve the patronage 
 of all our citizens. 
 
 PRESTON & SON ARCHITECTS ; ROOMS 5 AND 6 (OVER NEWMAN & Co.), 500 
 AND 502 CONGRESS AVENUE. 
 
 Among the list of accomplished architects in this city, the house of Messrs. 
 Preston & Son is a conspicuous one, especially for residences and public build- 
 ing work. Buildings after buildings have been erected during the past years 
 from designs produced by these gentlemen, and they will stand for ages a 
 monument of their master skill. Among the principal of these buildings are 
 the North Texas Insane Asylum, State Deaf and Dumb Asylum, Court Houses 
 for Bastrop, Washington, Bell, Cameron, Nolan, Taylor and Mitchell Counties, 
 State Insane Asylum at Austin, J. L. Driskill's residence, Austin, and Jails for 
 Cameron, Bell and San Saba Counties. They are also now preparing plans 
 for the Driskill Hotel, of this city, costing $200,000. They are prepared to 
 furnish designs and specifications, and superintend the erection of buildings of 
 any character and description. Their trade is not confined alone to the city 
 but extends throughout the State, and their services can be had by corres- 
 pondents who live in any part of the State. They are courteous gentlemen 
 in business transactions, liberal in their terms, and thoroughly experienced in 
 their profession. Employment is given, when needed, to none but men of 
 recognized ability, and they assure perfect satisfaction to all their patrons. 
 Before closing we will say that they are high minded citizens of undoubted 
 integrity in business and private affairs, and rank among the progressive men 
 who delight to see Austin stand second to no city in the skilled arts and 
 sciences which it fosters and encourages so extensively. 
 
 CALCASIEU LUMBER COMPANY YARDS AT AUSTIN AND ELGIN, TEXAS. 
 
 The lumber trade of Austin is a growing one and several good firms are 
 engaged in it. The company heading this sketch is one of the best and in 
 some respects possesses advantages not to be enjoyed by others. Some mem- 
 bers of the firm are producers of the celebrated Calcasieu lumber from the 
 Parish of that name in Louisiana ; the grain and solidity and compactness of 
 
70 AUSTIN HER 
 
 which makes the lumber far superior to the Texas pine, especially for dressing 
 and inside work. They deal also in ash, cypress and hard wood lumber, doors, 
 sashes, blinds, laths, shingles, pickets, posts, paints, oils, builders' hardware and 
 everything necessary to build a house, and patent wire fencing of superior 
 qualities as well, and at manufacturers' prices. The company was organized 
 under the State laws of Texas two years ago. They have a river front as well 
 as railroad facilities to carry on the business advantageously, and they deal as 
 liberally with their patrons as any similar institution in the State. Mr. H. J. 
 Sutchen is the president and Mr. W. S. Drake the secretary of the company, to 
 which all communications regarding terms and prices should be addressed. 
 We are glad to make space in our volume for this notice, as we belive our 
 readers will be benefitted by learning of this firm and forming their business 
 acquaintance. The marked successs attending this enterprise since starting is 
 sure evidence that they compete successfully for the trade, and small dealers as 
 well as builders of the surrounding country will have no cause to regret form- 
 ing their acquaintance. 
 
 JOHN H. ROBINSON & SON WHOLESALE AND RETAL DEALERS IN GENERAL 
 MERCHANDISE ; 504 CONGRESS AVENUE. 
 
 In making a detailed review of the commercial interests of the city, 
 prominent among these will be noticed the establishment of J. H. Robinson & 
 Son which, from the special character of its business and the magnitude of its 
 operations, should not escape mention in any work relating to the development, 
 resources and industries of this city. This establishment was started thirty 
 years ago by the senior member of the firm, but in 1869, Alf. H. Robinson, his 
 son, was admitted as partner. They are located at No. 504 Congress Avenue, 
 where they occupy two floors, 160x25 in size. They are retail dealers in 
 general merchandise, as dry goods, groceries, boots, shoes, hats, caps, etc., and 
 carry one of the largest and best assortments in the city. A specialty of this 
 house is in furnishing outfits for stockmen when they start on the trail, and 
 stockmen come from all parts of the surrounding country to get supplies of 
 this kind. The advantages enjoyed by this firm in buying goods paying cash 
 largely therefor, enables them to sell to the consumers at prices lower than 
 most houses. These gentlemen have also invested largely in cattle, sheep and 
 land, and we are glad to say, take a great interest in the State of Texas in 
 every respect. Mr. J. H. Robinson, the senior member of this firm, and Mr. 
 Alf. H., his son, are both gentlemen of large experience in this business, and 
 all its operations are conducted under their personal supervision. To indulge 
 m any personal laudation would be superfluous, and we need olny remark in 
 conclusion, that the trade will find many advantages by establishing relations 
 with this reliable house. 
 
TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 
 
 71 
 
 STUART FEMALE SEMINARY 1312 EAST ASH STREET. 
 
 Austin is confessedly the educational centre of Texas, therefore, in review- 
 ing her most prominent schools and colleges, a brief sketch of the above well- 
 known institution is necessary. Stuart Seminary was founded in 1876, and 
 
 since its organization has had a well merited success, and now ranks among 
 the best female educational institutions of the country. The building is 
 
72 AUSTIN HER 
 
 admirably located on an elevation in the Eastern suburbs of the city, and 
 commands a most magnificent view of the country for miles around. The long 
 and varied experience of the Principal enable her to make its appointments 
 with judgment, and her thorough knowledge of all its parts insures their 
 proper use. Every precaution has been taken to secure the health of the 
 pupils, both requiring moderate calisthenics, drill and furnishing balconies 
 for promenade. The furniture is of the most improved pattern. There is 
 also a chemical and philosophical apparatus. Stuart Seminary is one of the 
 few institutions in which, to complete the course of studies, requires the 
 utmost diligence and unremitting application. So rigid are the examinations, 
 and so strict the requirements of graduation, that it probably numbers less 
 full graduates on its roll than any Seminary in the country. Employing only 
 the most competent teachers, and with a perfect system in all departments, 
 Stuart Seminary may well challenge comparison. Mrs. R. K. Red, the prin- 
 cipal, has had thirty years' experience in teaching, and has devoted her life to 
 the building up of this institution, a feature in its history of which Austin 
 may well be proud. It is the hope of all that this Seminary may long con- 
 tinue in its present course of honor and prosperity. 
 
 NEWMAN & CO. DEALERS IN DRY AND FANCY GOODS, CORNER CONGRESS 
 AVENUE AND PINE STREET ; BRANCH HOUSE, SAN ANTONIO, TEX.; NEW 
 YORK OFFICE, 9^ FRANKLIN STREET. 
 
 Of the many handsome and spacious stores which line Congress Avenue, 
 one of the best and most convenient in all respects is that of Messrs. Newman 
 & Co., whose name heads our sketch. The building is 52x180 feet in dimen- 
 sions and two stories in height, and is well lighted and ventilated, every con- 
 venience being provided for the rapid and systematic conduct of the business 
 as well as the comfort of the numerous employees who number upwards of 40. 
 The stock is the finest in Austin and probably in the State, comprising the 
 finest dress goods and Parisian novelties, purchased in Europe by a member of 
 of the firm who visits it every year for that purpose, thus placing their goods 
 to their customers at first hands and avoiding middle men. The leading fea- 
 ture of Messrs. Newman & Co.'s establishment is, however, their dressmaking 
 department, which, under the supervision of one of the most skillful lady 
 dressmakers in America, enjoys a reputation far and wide for making dresses, 
 cloaks, etc., which in design and finish are equal to any. As a proof of this 
 we will mention that they have lately filled orders from Baltimore and Wyo- 
 ming. Messrs. Samuel and Julius Newman and Philip Hatzfeld comprise the 
 firm, all gentlemen well-known in and out of business circles, and numbered 
 among the representative and enterprising citizens of Austin. They have also 
 a large branch establishment at San Antonio, and their New York office is at 
 
TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 73 
 
 97 Franklin Street. It will then be seen that these gentlemen have connections 
 and advantages possessed by no other firm in Austin, and having also ample 
 capital they are enabled to offer their goods at manufacturers' prices. It affords 
 us pleasure to write this sketch of one of the most substantial business houses 
 in the South, and to advise our readers to visit their handsome establishment, 
 in which they will see a display not surpassed by any similar firm in the 
 country. 
 
 TILLOTSON COLLEGIATE AND NORMAL INSTITUTE. EAST END 
 Bois D'ARC STREET. 
 
 Tillotson Collegiate and Normal Institute is one of the first objects which 
 claim the attention of visitors to Austin. It is beautifully situated just east of 
 the city, and commands a view of the valley of the Colorado, with its sur- 
 roundings rugged hills, fertile farms, shining waters, moving railroad trains, 
 and last, but not least, the beautiful city of Austin of which the eye never 
 tires. This institution is devoted to the elevation of the Colored Race 
 especially, though it knows no color knowledge-seekers of all races are wel- 
 come. It aims to produce human perfection. While the development of the 
 intellect by a thorough mastery of the ordinary branches of knowledge is con- 
 sidered of very great importance, the stimulation of the moral and religious 
 nature holds a no less prominent place in the plan of the institution. A 
 religious influence pervades the school, which makes itself felt for good on all 
 who enter, and tends to secure application and consequent progress in all 
 departments of the work. There are now in operation Intermediate, Gram- 
 mar, Normal, College Preparatory, and Musical Departments, which are doing 
 most thoroughly the work of corresponding departments in the best schools of 
 the country. Other departments will probably be established when needed. 
 There are accommodations for boarding eighty students. The authority and 
 care exercised over the students of the boarding department is, as nearly, as 
 may be, like that of the Christian parent. 
 
 TERMS PER MONTH. 
 
 Tuition, Intermediate and Grammar Departments $2.00 
 
 Tuition, Normal and Preparatory Departments 2.50 
 
 Tuition, Instrumental Music Department 3.50 
 
 Board, including Tuition, Lights and Washing 12.00 
 
 Good board in private families can be procured at very reasonable rates. 
 The school is open from October 1st to June 1st, with the exception of the last 
 week in December. For further information, or catalogue, address, 
 
 TILLOTSON COLLEGIATE AND NORMAL INSTITUTE, 
 
 Austin, Texas. 
 
74 AUSTIN HER 
 
 A. K. HAWKES PRACTICAL OPTICIAN, INVENTOR OF HAWKES' PATENT EXTEN- 
 SION SPRING EYE-GLASSES ; SPECTACLES ADAPTED TO ALL CONDITIONS OF 
 THE EYE. 
 
 Among the most attractive and handsomest of the many stores which line 
 Congress Avenue is that of Mr. A. K. Hawkes, whose name heads our article. 
 The building is 25x140 feet in dimensions, and two stories in height, and is 
 fitted out with every convenience for the rapid and systematic conduct of the 
 
 business. A complete stock of books, 
 periodicals, stationery, and facny articles 
 is carried, which are sold at most reason- 
 able prices. Mr. Hawkes' specialty, how- 
 ever > is his renowned " Patent Extension 
 Spring Eye-Glasses," which have attained 
 a national reputation as the BEST Glass 
 
 A! K^HAWKES, Austin, Tex, known, being adapted to all conditions of 
 
 the eye. He imports his lenses direct from the most celebrated European makers 
 and grinds them here ; thus insuring as nearly perfect a lense as possible. 
 These glasses are the result of many years research on the part of Mr. Hawkes, 
 and they are undoubtedly one of the greatest boons to those who suffer in any 
 degree from impaired sight. All communications are cheerfully and promptly 
 answered. We append a few of the most prominent testimonials, of which 
 Mr. Hawkes has a multitude from all parts of the Union. 
 
 One from the great revivalist, W. E. Penn : 
 
 MR. A. K. HAWKES: 
 
 Dear Sir I take great pleasure in saying that, after having worn your new 
 crystalized lenses and patent spring eye-glasses for the past year, my sight has 
 greatly improved. W. E. PENN. 
 
 NEW YORK CITY, April 7, 1884. 
 MR. A. K HAWKES: 
 
 Dear Sir Your patent eye-glasses and crystalized lenses, received some 
 time since, and am very much gratified at the wonderful change that has coirie 
 over my eye-sight since I have discarded my old glasses, and am now wearing 
 yours. ALEXANDER AGAR, 
 
 Blank Book Manufacturer. 
 MR. A. K. HAWKES: 
 
 Dear Sir The spectacles you adapted to my sight nearly eight years ago, 
 I am happy to say, enable me to see as clearly as the day I procured them, and 
 I am now nearly eighty years of age. I cheerfully recommend them to the 
 public. Respectfully, WM. J. RUSSELL, 
 
 Ex-District Judge. 
 
TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 75 
 
 HOUSTON, TEXAS, January 9, 1884. 
 MR. A. K. HAWKES: 
 
 Dear Sir Since wearing your new crystalized lenses, my sight has greatly 
 improved. JOHN T. BRADY. 
 
 HOUSTON, TEXAS, March 12, 1884. 
 MR. A. K. HAWKES : 
 
 Dear Sir I have now been wearing your glasses for nearly ten years, and 
 I cannot see that my sight has failed in the least during this time. 
 
 Respectfully, JAS. A. BAKER. 
 
 AUSTIN, TEXAS, March 3, 1881. 
 MR. A. K. HAWKES : 
 
 Dear Sir I am much pleased with the pantiscopic glasses you so perfectly 
 adapted to my eyes ; with them I am enabled to read as in my youth, the finest 
 print with greatest ease. I cheerfully recommend them to the public. 
 
 Respectfully, R. B. HUBBARD, 
 
 Ex-Governor of Texas. 
 
 AUSTIN, TEXAS, August 7, 1881. 
 MR. A. K. HAWKES : 
 
 Dear Sir The spectacles purchased from you nearly two years ago excel 
 anything I have yet been able to procure. They enable me to read for hours 
 with less fatigue to the eyes than any others that I have ever used. 
 
 E. B. TURNER, 
 Judge United State Court. 
 
 SPECIAL NOTICE. The great reputation my spectacles have attained 
 throughout Texas and the South, has led unscrupulous persons to counterfeit 
 them. There are none genuine, unless the name of Hawkes is stamped on the 
 bow. Send for catalogue and price-list. 
 
 A. K. HAWKES, 
 Austin, Texas. 
 
 MADDOX BROS. & ANDERSON LAND AND REAL ESTATE AGENTS; 126 
 WEST PECAN STREET, NEAR POSTOFFICE. 
 
 The land and real estate interests of Austin are as prominent and import- 
 ant as any industry of the Capital City, and men of rare ability and vast cap- 
 ital are engaged in its transactions. Among the well known and competent 
 firms we are called upon to mention, is the one heading this sketch. Their 
 office is central, and as well fitted up to accommodate the business, and to accom- 
 modate the stockmen of the State, when in the city, as any similar establishment 
 in the State, and is really headquarters for this class of men. The members 
 of the firm are well informed business men, and conduct business in a straight- 
 forward business manner. They do a general real estate business. They buy 
 and sell land certificates, examine and perfect titles, lands examined and 
 
76 AUSTIN HER 
 
 divided, lands bought and sold, Patents obtained, taxes paid, lands redeemed, 
 investments made, and give prompt attention to all business in General Land 
 Office and other State departments. Our readers who may desire information 
 upon any subject pertaining to land, real estate, ranche or stock enterprises, 
 will find the firm prompt in answering, and capable of giving reliable infor- 
 mation. They are actively connected with the Day Land and Cattle Company, 
 having a paid-up capital of $510,000 ; one-third of which is owned by Maddox 
 Bros. & Anderson. The success of the firm since starting in the real estate busi- 
 ness a few years ago, is truly remarkable, and is the best recommendation any 
 firm could possibly have of their executive ability, and we are sure that any 
 business our readers may transact with them will prove a pleasant transaction, 
 and be executed with marked ability and upright integrity. 
 
 C. A. DAHLICH MANUFACTURER OF AND DEALER IN FURNITURE AND HOUSE 
 FURNISHING GOODS, CARPETS, OIL CLOTHS, ETC.; CORNER COLORADO 
 STREET AND NORTH AVENUE. 
 
 In our search for information regarding the furniture trade of this city, 
 we were more than ordinarily attracted by the house of C. A. Dahlich, which 
 was established by the present proprietor in 1874. He is located on the corner of 
 Colorado street and North Avenue, and the salesroom is 60x100 feet in dimen- 
 sions. He is manufacturer and dealer in furniture of every description, and 
 also carries a well selected stock of carpets, oil cloths, etc. Being a manufac- 
 turer, he can sell at prices lower than most houses, as he has no expense in pay- 
 ing drayage and freight. Mr. C. A. Dahlich, the proprietor of this business, has 
 had years of experience in this line, and understands it thoroughly in all its 
 details. From its earliest establishment, this house has been a favorite source 
 of supply in this line of trade, and those forming business relations with it 
 will find a large and superior stock from which to make selection, as well as 
 the pursuance of a liberal policy and an obliging promptness, such as is in 
 accordance with an honorable record of so long standing. 
 
 EDWARDS & CO. NEWS DEALERS AND STATIONERS ; 618 CONGRESS AVENUE. 
 
 The most extensive and elegantly appointed establishment in Austin in 
 this branch of business is that conducted by Messrs. Edwards & Co., at No. 
 618 Congress Avenue. These gentlemen have been connected with this enter- 
 prise only two years, and the steady increase ' of trade since their commence- 
 ment has been of a most gratifying character. This firm carry a full line of 
 stationery and stationers' sundries, all the daily and weekly papers and maga- 
 zines, chewing and smoking tobacco, fine cigars, etc.; are the sole agents for 
 Foley's celebrated gold pens, and receive subscriptions for any periodical or 
 magazine published. They receive a liberal order trade from all over the 
 
TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 77 
 
 entire State, besides receiving the larger part of the city trade. Mr. Edwards 
 has resided in this city since 1872 and is well-known both in social and com- 
 mercial circles. He has had a number of years' experience in this trade, and 
 thoroughly understands it in all its branches. In conclusion, we think it is 
 quite within our province to commend this house to the trade, and to assure 
 them that nothing will be left undone to make business relations between 
 themselves and their customers permanent, pleasant and profitable. 
 
 W. A. GLASS WOOD AND COAL DEALER ; 113 WEST CEDAR STREET. 
 
 The coal industry of Austin is yearly becoming an enterprise of more 
 magnitude, and as manufacturings increase, will grow still greater. The most 
 prominent merchant perhaps in the trade is Mr. W. A. Glass, located at No. 
 113 West Cedar street, convenient to railroad facilities for handling coal, so 
 that in price he can meet competition from any source. The quality of coal 
 handled is of the very best grades for manufacturing or domestic purposes. 
 He is prompt in supplying the people of Austin, and equally so in his atten- 
 tion given to orders received by mail. The continued prosperity of the house 
 with an unsullied business record, is the best guarantee that it occupies a posi- 
 tion of usefulness and confidence with the public generally, and is still worthy 
 of their patronage. In wood, Mr. Glass can supply the entire city promptly 
 and furnishes any length desired. He enjoys the best facilities to- accommo- 
 date the public in this line, and deals in all kinds of hard and cedar wood, 
 cedar posts and blocks. In connection with the coal and wood business he is 
 also in the freight transfer line, moving iron safes, furniture and heavy goods 
 generally ; and all orders for this or the coal and wood departments remitted 
 by mail, telephone or otherwise, receive the promptest attention. 
 
 J. H. COLLETT LAND AND GENERAL AGENT; 824 CONGRESS AVENUE. 
 
 The land interests generally in Austin are represented by men of ability 
 and who have for many years made it a study. The agent heading this 
 sketch is an old citizen and has been dealing in Texas lands since 1849. His 
 business extends pretty much over the entire State, and he gives his attention 
 to all the various departments of the land interests, and is fully competent to 
 execute with ability any interests entrusted to him, either in way of perfecting 
 titles, paying taxes, buying, selling, leasing, valuing land and looking after 
 every interest in the land office. Our readers who desire interests promptly 
 looked after, will find Mr. Collett will give them his attention and execute all 
 matters with ability. He has the confidence of the public generally, and is 
 a public spirited man, who rejoices at the prosperity of the city, and ready to 
 aid in its public enterprises for its advancement to the front rank of the cities 
 of the State. 
 
78 
 
 AUSTIN HER 
 
 ADOLPH BAHN WATCHMAKER, JEWELER AND ENGRAVER ; CONGRESS 
 AVENUE. 
 
 There are few industries of the City of Austin which this comprehensive 
 work will record, that require a higher order of skill or more refined taste in 
 its operations, than that of the jewelry business; but the eminent success 
 which has attended the establishment and conduct of this branch of trade by 
 
 Mr. Adolph Bahn is a sufficient 
 evidence of his thorough adap- 
 tation to its requirements. This 
 enterprise is the oldest of this 
 kind in the city, it having been 
 started as early as 1853. The 
 salesroom occupied is 80x25 feet 
 in size, and is kept constantly 
 well stocked with a full assortment of clocks, watches, jewelry, spectacles, 
 silverware, etc., all of standard makes and for sale at prices uniformly low and 
 satisfactory. Repairing in all its departments is promptly attended to, and all 
 work in this line is fully warranted. In addition, Mr. Bahn has an extensive 
 manufacturing and diamond-setting department, and turns out some of the 
 finest work to be had in this country, being equal to any of the eastern manu- 
 factories, with whom he can easily compete in price. Mr. Bahn is also the 
 owner of a valuable patent of his own invention, being a combined napkin 
 ring and holder, which certainly fills a long-felt want, combining the advan- 
 tages of a napkin ring and a napkin holder, both to perfection. The accom- 
 panying cut will more fully explain its construction. Mr. Bahn invites special 
 attention to this valuable patent, will be pleased to correspond with dealers in 
 regard to the sale of rights for the sale of his patent. Mr. Bahn is a native of 
 this city, and has been brought up in the jewelry business, learning the watch- 
 maker's trade in Switzerland and the engraver's trade in New York. He is 
 too well known to the trade to render necessary further personal mention, but, 
 in conclusion, we will say that the success and facilities of this house, as well 
 as the liberal and just business policy upon which it is conducted, have placed 
 it above any of its cotemporaries and enables the proprietors to offer such 
 advantages to the trade as will render business relations entered into with it 
 permanent as well as profitable. 
 
 CHADW1CK & DECORDOVA INSURANCE AGENTS; 704 CONGRESS AVEMK. 
 
 Regarding the importance and amount of insurance carried on in the 
 City of Austin very few of our citizens have any accurate conception. Never- 
 theless some know it, and as a blessing to the widow and orphan ; besides 
 those who have suddenly been deprived of their houses by the ravages of the 
 
TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 79 
 
 fire fiend, with the money secured by their insurance policy they are enabled 
 to rebuild, and even in more modern style. Messrs. Chadwick and DeCordova 
 are conducting at No. 704 Congress Avenue a general insurance business, upon 
 honorable and upright business principles, fully understanding insurance in 
 every detail. They have been in this business about four years, and represent 
 most all the important companies on the face of the globe, some of which are 
 given below : ^Etna, Hartford ; National, Hartford ; Girard, Philadelphia ; 
 Fire Association, Philadelphia ; Germania, New York ; Citizens', New York ; 
 Hanover, New York; Crescent, New Orleans, La.; Lancashire, Eng.; Sun, of 
 London ; Commercial Union, London; Western, Toronto ; Life Equitable, of New 
 York ; Accident Insurance Company of North America, and the entire assets of 
 which are $125,000,000. The individual members ol the firm are R. A. Chad- 
 wick, S. D. DeCordova and R. DeCordova, the latter two being members of the 
 well-known firm of DeCordova & Son, land agents. These gentlemen are all too 
 well known in commercial circles to require personal mention at our hands. 
 As a firm, however, we may say that they combine a practical knowledge of 
 the business, and long experience with unsurpassed facilities, which have added 
 no little to the growth and prosperity of their house. 
 
 NALLE & CO DEALERS IN ROUGH AND DRESSED LUMBER OF ALL KINDS, 
 SASH, DOORS, BLINDS, SHINGLES, ETC.; YARDS AND OFFICE ON EAST 
 AVENUE AND PINE STREET. 
 
 The lumber business, always of great importance to a city or community, 
 is peculiarly so to one which is so rapidly increasing in population and busi- 
 ness as this. Among the firms engaged in this important branch of commerce 
 in Austin, Nalle & Co. are worthy of special mention, both by reason of the 
 character and extent of the business done and because of the rare energy, 
 activity and enterprise displayed in the management. Mr. Joseph Nalle, the 
 sole member of the firm, the company being nominal only, is a native of Vir- 
 ginia, but has resided in Texas fourteen years. Thirteen years ago he estab- 
 lished himself in the lumber trade, and from that time to the present has 
 enjoyed a successful and prosperous career. At his yards on East Avenue and 
 Pine street are kept all kinds of rough and dressed lumber, sash, doors, blinds, 
 shingles, etc., for sale in any quantity and at the lowest prices. A mill situated 
 at the yards dresses lumber of all kinds and cuts dimension stuff of any size, 
 and enables Mr. Nalle to fill all orders at the shortest notice and in a most satis- 
 factory manner. This is the largest lumber yard in the city, the stock carried 
 being valued at $100,000, and purchasers will always find plenty of well- 
 seasoned material from which to choose. Mr. Nalle also has lumber yards at 
 Waco, Burnet and Alexander, and as he buys for all together, he enjoys great 
 advantages in the way of low prices. This, together with the fact that the rail- 
 
80 AUSTIN HER 
 
 road track runs through his Austin yard, making the cost of shipping to and 
 from it the very smallest, enables him to offer patrons inducements in the way 
 of low prices, with which less favored rivals find it impossible to compete. 
 The business of this establishment is conducted upon principles of the sound- 
 est commercial integrity and the broadest liberality, and carpenters, contractors, 
 builders and others desiring to purchase lumber will find it to their advantage 
 to call and learn the prices before purchasing elsewhere. We may be pardoned 
 for mentioning here, as illustrative of Mr. Nalle's enterprise in business, that 
 he is the owner of two cotton compresses, one at Waco and one at Ennis, each 
 of which does a large business. Mr. Nalle is one of the public spirited citizens 
 of Austin, a gentleman of genial manners and courteous address, and one 
 with whom it is a pleasure to transact business. 
 
 WATERS-PIERCE OIL COMPANY W. B. ABADIE, MANAGER; CORNER OF 
 CYPRESS AND NUECES STREETS. 
 
 The above company is a branch of the company of the same name whose 
 headquarters are in St. Louis. The oils manufactured by this company are 
 subjected to the severest tests before being put on the market, and consequently 
 always give satisfaction. The lubricating oils are free from all the gummy 
 properties which make other oils of inferior grade so objectionable, and the 
 illuminating oil is perfectly safe under all circumstances. The company has 
 a large warehouse here at the corner of Cypress and Nueces streets, and where 
 are kept all the oils sold by them. Being situated convenient to railroad facili- 
 ties here, they can handle oil economically, so that in price they can meet 
 competition from any source. Oils for shipment to other points are loaded on 
 the cars at the warehouse, thus avoiding all exposure to the sun and conse- 
 quent leakage. Mr. W. B. Abadie, the manager of the Austin branch, is a 
 gentleman of excellent standing, and to his executive ability is due, in a large 
 measure, the present handsome and increasing business of this branch. 
 
 DECORDOVA & SON TEXAS LAND AND TAX AGENCY; 704 CONGRESS 
 AVENUE. 
 
 In every city there are individual examples of men whose long connection 
 in business pursuit and whose record for unflinching integrity and untiring 
 industry make them objects of special note, not alone in their homes, but 
 wherever commercial reputation is recognized and respected. There are few 
 men in this city who have won for themselves and by their own exertion a 
 \ higher rank among the land agents of Austin than Mr. DeCordova, the subject 
 of this sketch. Coming here over thirty-five years ago he soon identified him- 
 self with land matters, and familiarized himself not only with the quality and 
 value of lands, but with the land laws of the State, making his long experience, 
 
TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 81 
 
 coupled with his superior judgment, of rare value to all who may be interested 
 in land matters. He is senior member of the present firm of DeCordova & 
 Son, land, tax and general agents for every county in Texas. If not the oldest, 
 they are one of the oldest firms in the State. They deal in land warrants and 
 certificates, and have lands for sale in nearly every county in the State. They 
 pay taxes in every county in the State, examine lands, divide lands and pre- 
 pare lands in such quantities as their patrons may desire, preparatory to sell- 
 ing the same. Titles are examined and perfected, and records made in the 
 proper counties to which they belong. They invest money for capitalists and 
 can do so where it will bring a good return by enhancement in value, either in 
 trust deeds, vendors, liens, or land itself. They make prompt returns of all 
 money received for sale of lands. To parties who have lands to sell or who 
 wish to buy, or those who desire their land interests carefully looked after, we 
 can commend them to no safer hands than theirs, and none certainly whose 
 ability and reliability stands higher. Business relations, both pleasant and 
 profitable, can be established by corresponding with the firm. 
 
 MRS. M. WILSON DEALER IN MILLINERY AND FANCY GOODS ; 911 CONGRESS 
 AVENUE. 
 
 The above well-known and popular establishment was commenced by 
 Mrs. Wilson in 1877 ; and since its inception has enjoyed a large and rapidly 
 increasing business which extends throughout the entire city and State and 
 into Mexico. A force of experienced hands are employed, and the work done 
 here has the reputation of being the best in Austin. A full stock of millinery 
 is kept on hand and constantly replenished with the newest styles and 
 fashions. The prices of this house are exceedingly moderate, and the work 
 always gives satisfaction, hence results the popularity it enjoys. Parties here 
 and elsewhere will find it to their advantage to call on or correspond with 
 Mrs. Wilson. Orders are promptly filled, and any information cheerfully 
 given. 
 
 ZIMPELMAN & BERGEN LAND AND INSURANCE AGENTS ; No. 105 EAST 
 PECAN STREET. 
 
 In compiling a work such as this, embracing a historical review of the 
 business interests of the city, we take special pleasure in dwelling at some 
 length upon those branches of business which are of the most general interest, 
 and of giving somewhat more than a passing notice to the most prominent firms 
 engaged in those branches. The business in which this city and State are 
 most deeply interested at the present time is that of the real estate agent. All 
 eyes have turned to Texas as offering the greatest inducements to capitalists 
 wishing to invest their surplus funds in land, and thousands of dollars are 
 
82 AUSTIN HER 
 
 annually pouring in here from the overflowing coffers of Northern and Eastern 
 capitalists. It is of the first importance to a State, as well as to the parties 
 immediately interested that the lands sold within her borders should be con- 
 veyed by titles that are beyond dispute, so that the least amount of litigation 
 may arise therefrom, and that the State should be free from the odium con- 
 sequent upon an unsettled and uncertain condition of land titles. Therefore 
 the most credit for enterprise and progressiveness is not due to those real estate 
 dealers who make the largest aggregate sales, but to those who give the bes* 
 titles, and who do the most to settle the titles to all the lands, that the property 
 of the State may be held by its proper owners and the courts less crowded with 
 litigation growing out of conflicting claims to real estate. Among the firms in 
 this city which have dealt largely in real estate, and whose transactions have been 
 characterized by special attention to perfecting the titles of the lands sold, the 
 firm of Zimpelman & Bergen occupies the first place. These gentlemen began 
 business here in 1874, and recognizing the fact that honesty and reliablity are 
 the foundation stones of a successful business career, they have endeavored to 
 put themselves in such a position that when they recommend the title of a 
 tract of land sold, it will prove to be as represented. So indefatigable have 
 they been that they have now in their office a complete abstract of the title to 
 every city lot or out lot in the city of Austin, and of every tract of land in the 
 county of Travis. This is the only firm in the city in possession of a complete 
 abstract of these titles, and they are, therefore, in better position to look after 
 the interests of non-resident owners, and to buy and sell real estate in the city 
 and county than any other firm in existence. They have, also, a copy of all 
 the early records of Travis Land District, affecting the titles to lands in the 
 counties of Hays, Comal, Blanco, Burnet, Llano, Lampasas, San Saba, Brown, 
 Coleman, Runnels, Callahan, Taylor, and others. Besides this they have access 
 to the records of the General Land Office, and are fully prepared to give infor- 
 mation concerning lands in any part of the State. They do a general land 
 business, buying and selling city property, farms, ranches and timber lands, 
 of which they have a variety on hand at all times. They act as agents for 
 non-resident land owners, paying taxes, collecting rents, and transacting all 
 other business in the most satisfactory manner. They also negotiate loans for 
 ] >a rt ies desiring to borrow money on real security, and as they represent per- 
 sons and corporations controlling large capital, money can be procured through 
 them at the lowest rates of interest. This firm also do a general tire 
 insurance business, being resident agents of the North British Mercantile, 
 Hamburg-Bremen, Phoenix, of London and New Orleans, all of which 
 are among the most solid and substantial fire companies of the world. The 
 personnel of this firm is composed of Messrs. George B. Zimpelman, James V. 
 Bergen, J. H. Daniel, and C. W. Daniel, all gentlemen who are well-known in 
 
TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 
 
 83 
 
 business circles for the enterprise and progressiveness, as well as the honesty 
 and integrity which characterize their transactions. The Messrs. Daniel 
 attend to the general business of the firm, the time of the other members 
 being largely engrossed by their private affairs. The transactions of this house 
 are all conducted upon principles of the broadest and most advanced liberality, 
 and the members of the firm, individually and collectively, are regarded as 
 among the most enterprising and public spirited business men of the city. 
 We cordially recommend this firm to our readers as one upon whose repre- 
 sentations they may rely implicitly, and one with which dealings will always 
 be found both pleasant and profitable. A list of prices will be furnished upon 
 application, and persons desiring to invest money in lands, in any part of the 
 State, will find it to be to their advantage to correspond with Messrs. Zimpel- 
 maii & Bergen, No. 105 East Pecan Street. 
 
 GETTINS, BOBO & CO. LAND, LOAN AND COLLECTIONS ; No. 914 CONGRESS 
 AVENUE. 
 
 Of late years the attention of the overcrowded parts, North, East and in 
 Europe, have been attracted to the fertile soil of Texas, and as its resources and 
 inducements are now well-known, immigration has set towards this State. Of 
 all the States in the Union, Texas is the largest and richest, and has well estab- 
 lished the fact that for soil and climate is 
 unsurpassed anywhere. The firm heading 
 this notice is a very valuable acquisition to 
 Austin, as their extensive connection with 
 Europe tends to bring to our city capitalists 
 who are seeking investment for money. 
 They offer their services in making large 
 loans to parties who may desire loans on 
 lands or ranches, and for such term of years 
 as may be desired. They are able, also, to 
 place large tracts of land in the East and 
 Europe at advantageous rates to purchasers. 
 , Their knowledge of the topography of Texas 
 and its resources, enable them to place money for capitalists in lands that are 
 sure to bring a good return by the rapid enhancement in value, or on loans at 
 liberal interest. They have a large correspondence with Mexico, England, 
 Scotland and Germany, and besides dealing in lands, mining property receives 
 a share of their attention, and good mines can be sold or stocked by them in 
 England and Scotland, through a syndicate of capitalists they work with under 
 a special agreement. This business is conducted upon a broad basis of liberal- 
 ity and fair dealings, and they are prompt in their correspondence and faithful 
 
84 AUSTIN HER 
 
 to their patrons' interests. A specialty of the house is in representing an 
 English patent for meat slaughtering and preserving. The firm is ready to 
 negotiate with stockmen, who desire to slaughter their fat beeves for shipment 
 to Europe or the Eastern States. They have secured from the patentee in 
 England, the right to grant licenses to such companies. By this process the 
 meat can be shipped to any part of the world without refrigerators or ice, and 
 be in perfect condition so long as it is kept below 55 degrees of zero. Readers 
 may rest assured of receiving at the hands of this firm pleasant and profitable 
 business relations. 
 
 MISS MARY E. FRANKS DRESSMAKER ; CONGRESS AVENUE, CORNER Bois 
 D'ARC STREET. 
 
 Miss Franks is a lady well-known in Austin, where she has resided sixteen 
 years, always enjoying a liberal share of the most desirable patronage in the 
 city and State. Her work invariably gives satisfaction in all respects, and 
 orders from any point receive prompt attention. Any information regarding 
 her business is cheerfully given, and parties here and elsewhere will find it to ! 
 their advantage to call on or correspond with her in matters pertaining to her 
 business. 
 
 JOHN A. WEBB & BRO. AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS AND WAGONS ; 212, 
 214 AND 216 EAST PECAN STREET. 
 
 Texas is rapidly becoming the greatest farming region of America or the 
 world ; hence those firms which deal in farming implements, wagons, etc., 
 have a peculiar claim on the attention of our people. In this connection we 
 give a sketch of the house of John A. Webb & Bro. This firm was founded 
 in 1871, and from its inception took a leading position. They occupy the 
 immense building numbered 212, 214 and 216 East Pecan Street, 79x128 feet 
 in dimensions, and two stories in height. The building is substantially con- 
 structed, and provided with every convenience for the rapid and systematic 
 conduct of their business. Their trade, which reaches a large and fast increas- 
 ing annual sum total, extends throughout the city and adjoining counties. 
 Messrs. J. A. Webb & Bro. carry a complete line, being agents for the celebrated 
 Cooper, Whitewater and Studebaker wagons; the world-renowned Glidden 
 barb wire, made by the Washburn & Moen Manufacturing Co.. of Worcester, 
 Mass., the largest manufacturers of barb wire in the world, and the well-known 
 Malta cultivators and double shovels. They are also agents for the Moline 
 Plow Co.'s goods, made at Moline, Illinois. They also carry an assortment of 
 farm implements, wagons, buggies, threshers, mowers, reapers, engines, plows, 
 gins and rubber belting, which, being bought direct from the factories, are 
 placed to the trade at bottom prices. Messrs. John A. Webb and Joseph W. 
 
TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 85 
 
 Webb, who compose the firm, are gentlemen of the highest standing in busi- 
 ness circles, and worthy members of society. Possessing ample experience 
 and fine facilities, they can invite competition from any source, and parties 
 here and elsewhere will find it to their interest to correspond with or call on 
 them. All communications are promptly answered and information in all 
 points regarding their business given. With the present rapid growth of 
 Austin, their business has no limit to its future extension. 
 
 THE NEW AND PURITY TEA AND COFFEE STORE J. C. BEALL, 
 PROPRIETOR; 910 CONGRESS AVENUE. 
 
 This new enterprise has but recently been started, but from appearances 
 it proves to be one of the most important of this kind in the city. Mr. J. C. 
 Beall, the sole proprietor, has been a resident of Austin since 1881, and he 
 ranks high both in business and social circles. He is very favorably located at 
 No. 910 Congress Avenue, and his store is arranged in a neat and attractive 
 manner. He carries a full line of all teas and coffees, namely : Old Govern- 
 ment Java, Santos, Mocha, Laguayra, etc., pure spices, sugars, molasses, flour, 
 rice, pickles, sauces, milk, preserves, jellies, etc., all guaranteed to be fresh and 
 pure, and at the very lowest prices. Orders are solicited for everything in the 
 grocery line, and goods are delivered to any part of the city free of charge. 
 From facts at hand, we feel justified in saying that all who effect relations with 
 this house will derive advantages that cannot readily be accorded elsewhere. 
 
 THE ERIE TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE COMPANY J. K. DUNBAR, 
 GENERAL SUPERINTENDENT. 
 
 One of the most important enterprises connected with the prosperity and 
 growth of Austin is the Erie Telegraph and Telephone Company, whose head- 
 quarters for Texas and Arkansas are situated here. Established in Austin in 
 1881, its growth has been exceedingly rapid, and it now numbers on its list the 
 principal firms of Texas, as well as many private houses. A total of fifteen 
 persons are employed in Austin, seven in the general office and eight in the 
 exchange office, and upwards of 500 are employed in Texas and Arkansas. 
 There is connection with the following towns : New Braunfels, Baird, Bertram, 
 Burnet, Boerne, Belton, Comanche, Coleman, Fredericksburg, Georgetown, 
 Lampasas, Leon Springs, Lockhart, Round Rock, Eagle Pass, Temple, Salado, 
 and many others. There will soon be connection between Temple and Waco, 
 which will add 125 towns to the list, thus vastly increasing its already great 
 facilities. The Company use the best and most improved telephones only, and 
 its corps of officers and assistants is efficient and active. The officers are : J. K. 
 Dunbar, Superintendent ; J. 0. Carruthers, Auditor ; W. H. Pillow, Superintend- 
 ent of Supplies, in Austin ; and W. A. Ingam, President, and Chas. J. Glidden, 
 
86 AUSTIN HER 
 
 Treasurer, Lowell, Massachusetts; J. P. McKinistry, General Superintendent, 
 Cleveland, Ohio. Being on a substantial basis, pecuniary and otherwise, the 
 future of this company is as well assured as that of any corporation in the 
 country, and will long continue to form, as it does now, a very integral part of 
 the business interest of Austin. With the universal use of the telephone 
 throughout the Union, no house who would keep up with the times can afford 
 to be without one of this company's instruments in its office. 
 
 T. P. ROBINSON HIDES AND WOOL ; 608 AND 610 EAST PECAN STREET. 
 
 In reviewing the business interests of Austin, the enterprise whose name 
 heads our article is deserving an important place. Mr. Robinson established 
 his business in 1880, and since that time, has increased it in a very gratifying 
 extent indeed. He enjoys facilities possessed by no other similar firm in Aus- 
 tin. Mr. Robinson is enabled to give the very highest cash prices for wool and 
 hides, and parties who have these articles on sale will do well- to call or corre- 
 spond with him. Mr. Robinson is a gentleman well known and esteemed, and 
 with the rapid growth of Austin and the State, there are no limits to the future 
 extension of his business. 
 
 UNDERHILL & CO. PROPRIETORS AUSTIN MARBLE WORKS, MANUFACTURERS 
 AND DEALERS IN NATIVE AND IMPORTED MARBLE AND GRANITE ; NORTH- 
 WEST CORNER CAPITOL SQUARE. 
 
 Of the many industries that employ a higher grade of skilled labor, and 
 one rising above the mere power of mechanical skill and verging into the 
 artistic, is that of the marble and monumental works of the country. Within 
 the past few years the cemeteries of our cities have become attractive spots for 
 visitors, on account of their many beautiful monuments and headstones. 
 There is no establishment in Austin that has contributed more in this respect 
 than the one whose name heads this sketch. Messrs. R. B. Underbill and A. J. 
 Jernigan are the individual members of the firm, which was established in the 
 business here in 1880. Their buildings and yards are located on the north- 
 west corner of the Capitol Square, and embrace about three-fourths of an acre, 
 for the successful production of all the finer grades of work pertaining to the 
 art, and employment is given to as many as twelve or fifteen skilled artisans 
 in the busy season. They manufacture tombstones, monuments, statues, 
 statuettes, busts, medallions, plaster casts, mantels, grates, terra cotta work, 
 vases, lawn chairs and iron fencing, and also do modeling and designing. For 
 quality of stock and artistic skill in finish, the work turned out here cannot be 
 surpassed by any other establishment. The trade not only receives a local 
 demand, but demands from all parts of the State, and to some extent from 
 Mexico, which may be regarded as a just tribute to energy and superior work- 
 
TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 87 
 
 manship. The proprietors give their personal supervision to all the details of 
 their popular establishment, thus ensuring to patrons and customers the most 
 perfect and complete satisfaction. This enterprise is well worthy the attention 
 of our many readers throughout the South, and as an important addition to 
 the industries of Austin is entitled to the special recognition which it has been 
 accorded in the present volume. 
 
 W. MOSES & SON MERCHANT TAILORS, DEALERS IN FINE CLOTHING, GENTS' 
 FURNISHING GOODS, HATS, TRUNKS, VALISES, ETC.; 613 CONGRESS 
 AVENUE. 
 
 Undoubtedly the leading establishment in Austin in the clothing and 
 gents' furnishing goods line is that of Messrs. Moses & Son, which, located in 
 the most fashionable portion of the city, has for some time occupied without 
 dispute this position. This firm carry a very large and select stock of goods, 
 embracing fine clothing, gents' furnishing goods, hats, trunks, valises, and, in 
 short, every article found in a first-class establishment of this description. 
 These gentlemen are also merchant tailors, and among their many regular 
 customers will be found many of the most prominent citizens and business 
 men of the State. Thoroughly acquainted with the grades of the Northern 
 markets, they are always enabled to purchase the best of everything, selecting 
 their goods with the skill of those long accustomed to this business. Their 
 present position as leaders of the fashion of Austin, has been obtained by 
 unceasing application to business, and a nice appreciation of the wants of their 
 customers, and we can safely recommend them to all who wish the best goods 
 in Austin at the most reasonable prices. 
 
 JOHN BREMOND WOLESALE DEALER IN DRY GOODS, BOOTS, SHOES, HATS 
 FURNISHING GOODS, GROCERIES, ETC. ; 109, 111 AND 113 EAST PECAN 
 STREET. 
 
 Among the names of those who have been foremost in adding to the com- 
 mercial importance of Austin, and in extending her trade, there is none more 
 conspicuous than that 'of John Bremond. John Bremond, the elder, came here 
 from Philadelphia, and established a general mercantile and banking business 
 thirty-nine years ago, and though the business long ago passed from its founder 
 to his two sons, and was divided between them, the head of the mercantile 
 house is still John Bremond, and that name is to-day, as it has been for years, 
 of the first importance in Austin's commercial calender. The building occu- 
 pied by Mr. Bremond is a two story brick structure, 70x165 feet in'area, with a 
 one story warehouse attached, covering a space of 80x128 feet, eachjbuilding 
 having a dry cellar. These two buildings afford an immense amount of room, 
 but no more than is required for the accommodation of the stock carried. This 
 stock embraces a full and complete line of dry goods, boots, shoes, hats, 
 
AUSTIN HER 
 
 notions, furnishing goods, and groceries, including the best and most popular 
 brands known to the market, all bought with special reference to the trade for 
 which they were intended, and selected with that careful and discriminating 
 judgment which can only be acquired by great practical experience. This 
 house, having a larger trade than any similar institution in the city, buys its 
 goods for cash in greater quantities, thus being able to procure them at the low- 
 est possible prices. This, together with the unrivaled facilities which it has 
 for handling its stock at small cost, enables it to offer customers inducements in 
 the way of low prices, which less favored competitors find it impossible to 
 duplicate. Mr. Bremond, conducts his business upon the most conservative 
 methods, paying careful attention to the quality of his trade, rather than to its 
 quantity, the long established, unimpeachable reputation of his house bringing 
 to him the most desirable patronage of the surrounding country, and enabling 
 him to be independent of those customers whose trade is accompanied by more 
 than a minimum risk. His patrons are his friends, and it is a fact which par- 
 takes of the phenomenal, and one in which he is justified in feeling a pride, 
 that of the millions of dollars which his trade has aggregated during the last 
 seventeen years, his losses have been very small. For a retail house to be able 
 to open an account with the house of John Bremond, is a compliment to its 
 commercial standing, and the honesty and. integrity of its management. It is 
 such houses as this that have added most to the honor and dignity of the com- 
 mercial world, and which do the most for the development, growth and pros- 
 perity of a city. 
 
 PADGITT & WARMOTH MANUFACTURERS OF SADDLERY, AND WHOLESALE 
 DEALERS IN SADDLERY HARDWARE, LEATHER, BOOT AND SHOE FINDINGS, 
 ETC.; 304 AND 306 EAST PECAN STREET. BRANCH HOUSES, DALLAS, 
 WACO, FORT WORTH, BRYAN, MEXIA AND BROWNWOOD. 
 
 In reviewing the large and increasing business interests of Austin, the 
 manufacturing and wholesale houses naturally take the first place ; hence a 
 detailed sketch of the firm of Padgitt & Warmoth, who rank among the 
 largest manufacturers in their line, not only in Texas, but the South, is neces- 
 sary. Established in 1877, from their inception they took a leading position, 
 and to-day they carry an immense stock, aggregating $60,000 in value, while 
 their sales, which extend throughout Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, Tennessee 
 and Mississippi, reach nearly half a million dollars annually, and are rapidly 
 increasing. This splendid result is due to superior quality of goods manu- 
 factured by this firm, their goods for quality, finish, durability and cheapness 
 competing favorably with those of Northern and Western houses. Their 
 store, which is one of the finest for business purposes in Texas, is 36x120 feet 
 in dimensions, and two stories in height; is thoroughly fitted out and admir- 
 
TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 89 
 
 ably lighted and ventilated. Upwards of twenty skilled hands are employed, 
 who manufacture all styles of saddlery, horses' and mules' outfits, straps, etc., 
 and a large stock of fine leather and boot and shoe findings is also kept on 
 hand for the trade. The firm make a specialty of saddle girths, which, manu- 
 factured from their own designs, have a wide and favorable reputation. 
 Messrs. Tom Padgitt and G. H. Warmoth compose the firm ; Mr. Warmoth 
 being the resident partner and conducting the business. Both gentlemen are 
 well known in and out of business circles, and have had long and thorough 
 experience in their business. Possessing ample capital and facilities, they 
 offer inducements to buyers which few can duplicate, and parties here and 
 elsewhere will find it to their advantage to call on them or correspond with 
 them. All communications are promptly answered, and a comparison of 
 prices invited. They will also furnish on application a fine illustrated cata- 
 logue of 77 pages, from which any information can be obtained. 
 
 MRS. M. A. McCLURE DEALER IN STAPLE AND FANCY GROCERIES, PRODUCE, 
 FRUITS, TOBACCO, CIGARS, ETC.; 906 CONGRESS AVENUE. 
 
 In the compiling of a work of this character, every business venture that 
 evidences genuine enterprise and energy is entitled to due consideration in its 
 pages. A well located, well arranged grocery is of special interest to the house- 
 keepers, inspiring them as it does with confidence that they will be furnished 
 with choice, fresh articles for family consumption. The establishment of Mrs. 
 M. A. McClure is pre-eminently one of this class. She deals in all kinds of 
 staple and fancy groceries, produce, fruits, tobacco, cigars, and, in fact, all articles 
 found in a first-class grocery. Her trade is mostly confined to the city, and 
 goods are delivered to any part of the city free of charge. Her two sons assist 
 her in carrying on this enterprise and prompt attention is given to the wants 
 of all patrons. Mrs. McClure has conducted this business for the last twelve 
 years ; she is well-known and highly esteemed in business circles, and enjoys 
 an enviable reputation as a straight-forward, honorable dealer, and to this fact 
 is due the flourishing trade she has built up. 
 
 MADAME E. F. DUKE PROPRIETOR OF "TEMPLETON'S EYE WATER" AND 
 " DR. HARLAND'S MEDICATED BATHS ;" 118 EAST Bois D'ARC STREET. 
 
 Among the modern inventions of science which have conferred the 
 greatest benefits on mankind, we must mention the above renowned remedies. 
 Madame Duke has introduced these remedies in spite of all the opposition of 
 envious physicians, whose patients, almost blinded by their mode of treatment, 
 came to this lady and were cured. Hundreds of testimonials from all parts of 
 the country testify to the marvelous efficacy of "Templeton's Eye Water," 
 and many in Austin and the surrounding country to-day see and read without 
 
90 AUSTIN HER 
 
 difficulty, who, when first placed under her treatment, were nearly blinded. 
 Her " Dr. Harland's Medicated Baths " are also the best known cure for rheu- 
 matism, neuralgia, sciatica, blood poisoning, and all diseases of that class. 
 Some of the most prominent ladies and gentlemen (among them a well known 
 physician) of Austin, and other places have been thoroughly cured by these 
 baths. Madame Duke cheerfully gives any information regarding her reme- 
 dies ; and orders for the Eye Water receive prompt attention, as it is shipped 
 by express to any part of the United States. She has ample accommodations 
 for patients who desire a course of treatment ; and those afflicted either with 
 sore eyes, rheumatism, blood poisoning, sciatica, etc., will find it a lasting 
 advantage to call on or correspond with her. 
 
 READ WHAT THE PEOPLE SAY ABOUT THE EYE WATER: 
 
 OLD ROUND ROCK, Williamson County. 
 
 I do certify that I went blind in 1863, from working for the Confederate 
 Government making salt, and then for my blindness I tried everything I ever 
 heard of, but all failed. In 1872, I went entirely blind and remained so until 
 1876, when my eyes became raw from extreme inflammation that the lids were 
 growing together ; then I got so that I could get about. The nerves being so 
 badly injured that I was in a blind. J then commenced using eye water 
 known as Templeton's Eye Water, and my eye-sight is sufficiently good for me 
 to read and write for a short time. I believe it to be the best Eye Water now 
 in use for all chronic cases of sore eyes. It is a sure remedy if used according 
 to directions, and for which, gentlemen, I am under many obligations to you 
 for this great remedy that has restored my sight again. So I return many 
 thanks to you and my God. 
 
 February 15, 1882. S. J. HICKS. 
 
 OLD ROUND ROCK, February 15, 1882. 
 
 This is to certify that I have used the Templeton Eye Water with great 
 success. On one occasion my wife got a scale of concentrated lye in her eye, 
 and she suffered great pain for five days ; upon an application of Templeton's 
 Eye Water she got instant relief. I know an old lady who was blind from a 
 cataract on her eyes and was cured by using Templeton's Eye Water. I could 
 mention many others who have been cured, but a word to the wise is sufficient. 
 Yours truly, JAS. G. HARRELL. 
 
 ROUND ROCK, February 14, 1882. 
 
 This is to certify that my brother-in-law's family (nine in number), were 
 all taken with inflammatory sore eyes. Their eyes were so much swollen and 
 as red as blood, so that they could not bear the light of day upon them. I 
 advised them to use Templeton's Eye Water. They got two bottles, costing 
 fifty cents, and it cured them all sound in five days. My advice to all persons 
 
 
TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 91 
 
 afflicted with chronic or inflammatory sore eyes is to use Templeton's Eye 
 Water, as I know hundreds of cases in our midst that it has cured. 
 
 D. M. KENT, Marshal of Round Rock. 
 
 DR. TEMPLETON : In behalf of the suffering and blind, I want to thank 
 God and you for the great discovery of your excellent Eye Water. I resided 
 and practiced medicine in connection with Dr. Ideld, in France, who was a 
 celebrated oculist. But in many cases he failed to effect a cure, but your Eye 
 Water, in every instance, has proved a success. One gentleman came to me 
 for treatment, whose eyes I examined and found so granulated, that I saw no 
 chance for a cure and refused treatment. However, I gave him the samples 
 you left with me and they cured him sound and well. My brother-in-law had 
 chronic sore eyes and finally went entirely blind. He tried many of the best 
 oculists in New Orleans and Mobile, but found no relief. Upon my recom- 
 mendation he tried your Eye Water, and was soon able to read a newspaper. 
 I have used it in my practice and can heartily recommend it to all who are 
 afflicted with sore eyes. I would to God that it could reach the world of 
 suffering and blind. Please send me another supply. 
 
 Your grateful friend, B. T. CRUMLY, M. D. 
 
 AUSTIN, January 8, 1883. 
 
 This is to certify that I was cured of neuralgia by Mrs. E. F. Duke, which 
 has not returned since. I consider myself permanently cured. Miss Jennie 
 Haux, Mrs. F. C. McKinney, Mrs. M. L. Nixon, Mrs. Nan. E. Ooley, and Mrs. 
 Mary Coats. Office in Brown's Red Brick. 
 
 STEWART & HABICHT LAW, CLAIM, BANKING AND COLLECTION OFFICE ; 
 716 CONGRESS AVENUE. 
 
 In the standing and responsibility of its business houses, Austin need not 
 fear comparison with any city in the country. Hence, in reviewing the most 
 prominent firms, a detailed notice of the well-known one whose name heads 
 our article is necessary. The firm of Stewart & Habicht transact a law, claim, 
 banking and general collection business in all its branches ; render and pay 
 taxes for non-residents, and perfect titles to lands ; also buying and selling 
 lands on commission. They have peculiarly favorable facilities for tracing out 
 and perfecting weak or imperfect titles. Their correspondents are found all 
 over the Union, and this, combined with their long and varied experience, 
 render them thoroughly fitted to successfully transact their business in all its 
 details. Messrs. Joe H. Stewart and A. E. Habicht, who compose the firm, are 
 both gentlemen well known in and out of business circles. Parties here and 
 elsewhere having business in their line will find it to their advantage to call 
 on or correspond with them, as all dealings are invariably satisfactory, prompt- 
 ness and thoroughness being their rules. 
 
92 
 
 AUSTIN HER 
 
 R. T. BANDY (SUCCESSOR TO BANDY & PARKER), SADDLERY AND HARNESS ; 
 209 EAST PECAN STREET. 
 
 Among the most progressive and enterprising houses of Austin, we must 
 mention the one whose name heads our list ; and which, established in 1878, 
 from its inception took a leading position. Mr. Bandy occupies a building 
 24x120 feet in dimensions, well fitted out and equipped with every conven- 
 ience for the prompt and systematic con- 
 duct of the business. He employs a 
 large and skillful force of workmen, 
 and his trade, which reaches a large 
 and constantly increasing amount, ex- 
 tends throughout the city,' State, Colo- 
 rado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, 
 Arkansas and Louisiana. The work 
 done here will compare favorably with 
 any in the country ; and prompt atten- 
 tion is given to all orders. While 
 manufacturing all lines of saddlery and 
 harness, Mr. Bandy makes a specialty 
 of cowmen's outfits, stock saddles and 
 light harness, for which he has a repu- 
 tation unequaled in Austin. Mr. Bandy is a gentleman well known in and 
 out of business circles, and parties here and elsewhere will find it to their 
 advantage to call on or correspond with him. 
 
 CARROLLTON HOUSE WEST PECAN STREET, HALF BLOCK WEST OF THE 
 POSTOFFICE; DR. A. D. HARN, PROPRIETOR. 
 
 Among the public houses in this city there are none enjoying a higher 
 reputation for the embodiment of every requisite essential in a first-class hotel 
 than that of the well-known Carrollton House, on West Pecan street. In the 
 first place, the location of this hotel is the most eligible, being situated near 
 the business center of the city, convenient to almost any point, and but half 
 a square from the postoffice. In the second place, the building in all its 
 appointments and equipments, is admirably adapted to the purpose for which 
 it is used ; and in the third place, its proprietor and attaches are experienced 
 and efficient in their duties as caterers to the public, making the Carrollton 
 House particularly inviting to the traveling community desiring practical con- 
 veniencies and comforts. This house is a two-story frame building, with 
 pleasant, well ventilated apartments, sufficient to accommodate fifty to seventy- 
 five guests ; a large and conveniently appointed office, handsomely furnished 
 reception rooms, ample baggage rooms, and a dining room especially inviting 
 
TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 93 
 
 in every feature requisite to establish a feeling of comfort, peace and good will 
 among guests, while satisfying the inner wants of nature. In every respect, 
 the " Carrollton " is a first-class hotel, not surpassed by any in the city, and 
 under the able management of Dr. A. D. Harn, holds a high rank among Aus- 
 tin's famous institutions for public entertainment. Mr. Harn has been con- 
 ducting this business for the past eight years, and understands it thoroughly 
 in all its branches. He has an extensive acquaintance with the traveling pub- 
 lic, and his personal popularity will always insure the Carrollton House a gen- 
 erous support. 
 
 AUSTIN COAL CO. MATTINGSLEY & Co., AGENTS ; CORNER OF COLORADO AND 
 RAILROAD TRACK. 
 
 Situated most conveniently to the railroad is the office and sheds of this 
 extensive coal company, thus avoiding all unnecessary expense in handling 
 this heavy article of commerce. They have provided every facility to conduct 
 this business in an economical manner, and their patrons may rest assured 
 they are as well cared for as any in the State. They handle all kinds of bitu- 
 minous and anthracite coal, and make a specialty of the celebrated Indian Ter- 
 ritory coal that has become so famous in Texas. They deliver coal to all parts 
 of the city with despatch, and no orders are neglected. Merchants and dealers 
 along the line of the railroad will find as fair and honorable dealings at the 
 hands of this enterprising firm as they could ask or have a right to expect. 
 We can cheerfully commend our readers, who do business in this line, to this 
 wholesale and retail coal company, and can assure them that they will receive 
 at their hands as many decided advantages as can be found in the State of 
 Texas. 
 
 C. R. JOHNS & SONS TEXAS STATE AGENCY ; 1000 CONGRESS AVENUE. 
 
 Texas, with her millions of acres of land, will always need men of 
 experience and sound judgment to represent these among settlers, speculators 
 and land dealers generally. Among the oldest and ablest conducted enter- 
 prises in this line is the Texas State Agency, incorporated under the State 
 laws of Texas in June, 1884. This company is an outgrowth of an enterprise 
 of this character started by Mr. C. R. Johns, the President of the present com- 
 pany, many years ago, and for which he was well fitted by being previously 
 connected with the public offices, and was comptroller for several years. He 
 was born near Murfreesborough, Tennessee, and came to Texas in an early day, 
 about 1836, and has filled many offices of trust and honor. His two sons, 
 Tom D. and J. P. Johns, were born in Texas, reared practically to the business, 
 and now, in the prime of life, are giving their entire energy to the business. 
 Mr. H. L. Haynes manages the tax department, and Mr. S. G. Sneed has 
 
94 AUSTIN HER 
 
 charge of the chief land department. They conduct a general land business 
 over the entire State, own large tracts of land which have been acquired at 
 bargains and can be sold at remarkably low figures, and do a general land 
 business on commission. They attend to the assessment and payment of taxes 
 in Counties and Comptroller's office ; inspection of lands and report as to 
 quality, value and occupancy ; adjustment of titles and recovery of interest 
 in lands ; business of every character in General Land Office ; purchase, sale, 
 lease and protection of lands ; redemption of lands sold for taxes ; investment 
 and loan of money ; collection of claims against the State and settlement of col- 
 lectors' and other accounts ; business with the several departments of the State 
 government. They have within secured walls first-class fire proof vaults 
 where yaluable papers of all kinds, such as bonds, deeds, mortgages, title 
 papers of all kinds can be safely cared for. With these facilities and 
 the long experience in this business which they have had, makes the firm 
 one of the most desirable to form the acquaintance of, and consult on any 
 matters connected with the land business, and any business conducted at this 
 office will prove entirely satisfactory, and lands passing through their hands 
 will be found, as regards title, perfect in every particular. We can safely say to 
 our readers, who desire any information on lands, that they will consult their 
 own interests when they correspond and form the acquaintance of this truly 
 reliable company. It is impossible in an article of this character, to set forth 
 all the details of their business, and we can only advise our patrons to corres- 
 pond with them for particulars, and they will be found prompt and pleasant 
 correspondents. 
 
 NEWNING, TURNER & WARNER REAL ESTATE AND INSURANCE AGENTS ; 
 720 CONGRESS AVENUE. 
 
 This company is composed of experienced real estate and insurance 
 agents, well known to the people of Austin and the State of Texas. The indi- 
 vidual members of the firm are Messrs. Chas. A. Newning, Fred W. Turner 
 and Geo. P. Warner, all enterprising men and in the prime of life. They 
 conduct a general real estate business in all its branches, embracing abstracting, 
 loaning, paying taxes, looking after estates generally, both in and out of the 
 city, and all business with the State Department. This firm have for sale large 
 and small bodies of land in the counties adjoining Travis county, composed of 
 the richest black soil for farming purposes, land that will raise a bale of cotton 
 per acre, and cerial crops in proportion. Much of this land is already in cul- 
 tivation, and new comers can yet be supplied with unbroken lands at low fig- 
 ures. They will gladly correspond with parties desirous of further details and 
 descriptions. Besides the local real estate business they give special attention 
 to the buying and selling of ranches and stock of all kinds. Their insurance 
 
TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 95 
 
 department is ably conducted in the interest of the following companies : Phoenix, 
 of Brooklyn ; American, Philadelphia ; Niagara, New York ; Fireman's Fund, 
 San Francisco ; Western, San Francisco ; Sun, San Francisco ; Trans- Atlantic, 
 Hamburg, Germany ; British America, Toronto ; Union F. & M., New Zealand ; 
 St. Paul, St. Paul. Each member of the firm has held responsible positions in 
 the community where they reside. Mr. Turner is the special State agent and 
 adjuster for the British America Assurance Co. of Toronto, Canada. Mr. War- 
 ner is Secretary of the Austin Savings and Loan Association. The firm 
 respectfully refer to any banker in the city. 
 
 CRYSTAL SALOON CHARLES CORTISSOZ, PROPRIETOR; CORNER CONGRESS 
 AVENUE AND PECAN STREET. 
 
 Austin, among her other attractions, may boast of possessing the finest 
 saloon and billiard parlor not only in Texas, but south of New York. We 
 refer to the well-known " Crystal " Saloon, of which Mr. Charles Cortissoz is 
 the genial proprietor. The " Crystal " is fitted out in the most elegant and 
 tasteful manner, with every convenience and luxury, regardless of cost. The 
 finest and costliest woods, cherry and mahogany only, are used; the 
 interior doors leading from the bar to the billiard parlor are of ground 
 glass of the most expensive quality, and the other equipments, decanters, 
 glasses, etc., are on an equally fine scale. The billiard parlor is decorated 
 with the costliest wall papers, paintings, etc., and three fine billiard 
 tables and one pool table complete the sum of its attractions. The liquors 
 sold by the " Crystal " are the best to be found in Austin ; and, in fact, we have 
 no hesitation in pronouncing this saloon the equal of any in the country. 
 We cordially recommend it to all who visit Austin as well worthy a visit ; and 
 we may add that all are welcomed by Mr. Cortissoz, who takes a natural pride 
 in his beautiful place. 
 
 A. M. C. NIXON ARCHITECT ; 623 CONGRESS AVENUE. 
 
 The profession of the architect is in all places one of the most important, 
 and especially so in Texas, which is growing so rapidly and with such vigor. 
 Austin, as the capital of the State, may boast of possessing some of the finest 
 public buildings, and private dwellings in this section ; hence, in reviewing the 
 many industries and professions which compose the sum of her business inter- 
 ests, it behooves us to mention the architect who has planned the structures at 
 once substantial and elegant. Mr. A. M. C. Nixon, whose name heads our 
 article, since establishing himself at Austin, has gained a wide reputation as a 
 capable and talented architect, and has built up a business which enables him 
 to limit himself to one line of his profession, namely, churches, opera houses, 
 and private buildings. Among his best known works are : the Georgetown 
 
96 AUSTIN HER 
 
 Methodist Church, and the Episcopal Church ; remodeled entirely, German 
 Lutheran Church, Methodist Church, two Colored Churches, in this city. He has 
 also remodeled the Market House of Austin. Besides these, numerous splen- 
 did private buildings throughout the State and city attest his skill. Mr. Nixon 
 is a gentleman well known in and out of business circles, and has had a long 
 and thorough training at his profession, serving his time and pursuing his studies 
 with one of the most celebrated English architects, Alfred Derbyshire, Esq., F. 
 R. I. B. A. We cheerfully recommend Mr. Nixon to all interested in the erec- 
 tion of private buildings and other edifices, and they will do well to call on or 
 correspond with him. 
 
 F. SCHMITZ DEALER IN FURNITURE AND CARPETS, MANUFACTURER OF MAT- 
 TRESSES AND SPRING BOTTOMS ; 205 EAST PECAN STREET. 
 
 Among the best known and most enterprising establishments of Austin, is 
 that of Mr. F. Schmitz, whose name heads our article. He occupies the com- 
 modious building, No. 205 East Pecan Street, which is well fitted out with every 
 convenience for the quick and systematic conduct of the business. An 
 immense stock of furniture and carpets is carried, embracing all styles, from 
 the plainest to the handsomest, and which, being bought direct, are placed to 
 the public at most reasonable prices. Mr. Schmitz is a gentleman well known 
 in and out of business circles, and has built up his business in the face of the 
 keenest competition. His prices will compare favorably with any other house 
 in the State, and parties here and elsewhere will find it to their advantage to 
 call on him. He also makes a specialty of manufacturing mattresses and 
 spring bottoms ; his work in this respect being equal to any in the country. 
 The trade will do well to note this last addition, and to write Mr. Schmitz for 
 particulars. 
 
 THE TEXAS ABSTRACT COMPANY JAS. A. DICKENSON, PRESIDENT, 
 JAMES P. CRANE, SECRETARY ; PRINCIPAL OFFICE, 921 CONGRESS AVENUE, 
 AUSTIN, TEXAS. 
 
 The immense increase of the population of Texas within the past few 
 years, and the consequent proportionate increase in the value of lands has led 
 to many vexatious lawsuits, which, with proper care and consulting competent 
 parties, would have been avoided. The " TEXAS ABSTRACT COMPANY," has for 
 its object the perfecting of titles, which, through carelessness, and other causes, 
 have become imperfect ; and with this view, they have prepared the most com- 
 plete series of abstracts in the State, comprising abstracts not only from 
 Travis and all organized counties, but, also from all the unorganized counties 
 in the State. They also deal largely in REAL ESTATE, make loans to any 
 amount, pay taxes for non-residents on land in any part of the State, 
 
TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 97 
 
 and are general agents for claims against the State. The officers are 
 James A. Dickenson, President, and James P. Crane, Secretary; both gentle- 
 men are well known, and of long and thorough experience in their business. 
 Possessing ample facilities and connections, they invite correspondence . in all 
 matters pertaining to their business. Any information is promptly given, and 
 parties here and elsewhere having transactions in their line, will find it to their 
 advantage to call on or correspond with them. A prominent fact connected 
 with this company, and one which the public will do well to bear in mind, is, 
 that this is the only company in the State of Texas doing a general abstract business. 
 
 W. B. SWEENY REAL ESTATE AND RENTAL AGENT ; 714 CONGRESS AVENUE. 
 
 This gentleman can be found at his office at No. 714 Congress Avenue, 
 where for the past 14 years he has conducted a financial, real estate and rental 
 agency. His qualifications are such as to adapt him to this special line of 
 business. His well-known integrity, ability and extensive experience have , 
 won him a patronage that is as lasting as it is merited. Besides selling and 
 renting of city property, he also handles country property, such as farms and 
 improved lands. He is courteous and affable to all his patrons, and, as a result, 
 they are pleased with their business relations. In the insurance business, which 
 is a part of his enterprise, he has associated with him Mr. C. F. Hill, an active 
 young man, and with the experience of age and the activity of youth, the 
 future success of this department is assured. They represent some of the 
 most prominent insurance companies in the country, both fire and life, and can 
 place policies in companies they feel assured are absolutely safe. All busi- 
 ness transactions with this firm, we are confident, will prove pleasant, and be 
 as represented. 
 
 W. H. FIREBAUGH & CO. DEALERS IN HARDWARE, AND PLOW AND WAGON 
 MATERIALS ; 212 AND 214 PECAN STREET. 
 
 Among the firms in this city engaged in the hardware business, W. H. 
 Firebaugh & Co. occupy a prominent place, both by reason of the energy and 
 enterprise which characterize their transactions, and the magnitude of their 
 operations. The buildings occupied are conveniently located and well arranged 
 for the business for which they are used. The main building is a two story 
 structure, covering an area of 46x120 feet, and the warehouse adjoining is a 
 one story building, 46x120 feet in size. This gives an immense amount of 
 room, but no more than is needed to accommodate the large stock carried. 
 This stock consists of a full line of shelf and heavy hardware, cutlery, plow 
 and wagon materials, barb wire, tinware, belting, etc. This firm buy their 
 goods in large quantities, thus getting the benefit of the lowest prices, and 
 
98 AUSTIN HER 
 
 this, together with their facilities for handling goods cheaply, enables them 
 to offer their customers inducements in the way of cheap goods, that other 
 firms find it hard to compete with. In consequence they have a large trade, 
 extending over a great part of the surrounding country, and aggregating 
 more than $100,000 annually. The personnel of the firm is composed of W. 
 H. Firebaugh, G. W. Bartholomew, and C. W. Firebaugh, all gentlemen of 
 high standing among the business men of the community, and who possess 
 the confidence of their friends and patrons. They pay the strictest personal 
 attention to their business, conducting it upon principles of the most progress- 
 ive enterprise and the broadest liberality, and the large permanent patronage 
 which they enjoy and the rapid increase of their business speak volumes for 
 the popularity of their house. We cheerfully recommend Messrs. W. H. Fire- 
 baugh & Co. to the confidence and patronage of our readers, feeling assured 
 that any business relations which may be established with them will be found 
 both pleasant and profitable. 
 
 CAPITAL BUSINESS COLLEGE AND SCHOOL OF PENMANSHIP, 
 SHORTHAND, TYPE-WRITING AND TELEGRAPHY 923 CON- 
 GRESS AVENUE. 
 
 J. J. Anderson, A. M., President, Teacher of Mathematics, Science of 
 Wealth, German, etc. ; D. A. Griffits, M. A., Secretary, Teacher of Theory and 
 Practice of Book-keeping, Business and Ornamental Penmanship, etc. ; T. J. 
 Ray, Teacher of the Spanish Language and Literature; Thomas Murray, 
 Teacher of Shorthand and Type-writing ; B. Morrall, Teacher of Telegraphy ; 
 A. H. Graham, Lecturer on Commercial Law; C. E. Roth, Instructor in 
 Physical Education. 
 
 Among the most important institutions not only of Texas, but of the 
 South, is the Capital Business College, whose name heads our article. Its 
 establishment has filled a long-felt want, enabling our young men to obtain a 
 THOROUGH business education without the enormous expense incident to a 
 course at the Northern and Eastern business colleges. The location of the 
 college is all that can be desired, being on the busiest thoroughfare of the city, 
 and commanding a fine view from the twenty-four windows which give it 
 light and air. . It is admirably furnished with all modern conveniences and 
 appliances. Since its opening in 1882, two hundred and fifty students from all 
 parts of the Uijion, even from Europe,' have been enrolled on its books. Pro- 
 fessor Anderson is an educator of long and varied experience, holding the 
 position of Vice-President of the National Agricultural Association, and is also a 
 contributor to several leading periodicals of the day, among which are the New 
 York Agriculturalist, Texas Farm and Ranche, Texas Siftings, San Antonio 
 Express, and others; and he is also now preparing for publication the first 
 
TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 99 
 
 number of " Men and Money," a work devoted to financial interests and busi- 
 ness education. His corps of assistants are equally efficient in their respective 
 departments. The general and special rates of tuition are as follows : 
 
 Life Scholarship, which entitles the holder to Instruction in 
 Book-keeping, Arithmetic, Penmanship, Grammar, Rhetoric 
 and Political Economy, Commercial Law, Spelling, Reading 
 and Letter-writing, allowing a year or more of study to be 
 
 taken at one time or different times $60.00 
 
 The same course limited to six months 50.00 
 
 The same course limited to three months 45.00 
 
 A course in Business and Ornamental Penmanship 25.00 
 
 Course in Telegraphy, with privilege of attending the Penman- 
 ship Class daily 30.00 
 
 Spanish, per month, night sessions 2.50 
 
 German, per month, night sessions 2.50 
 
 Special arrangements will be made with students of Phonography, Type- 
 writing, Physical Education and evening classes. Tuition in all departments 
 paid in advance unless special arrangements are made. 
 
 CLUB RATES. 
 
 When two pupils from the same family, or from the same neighborhood, 
 take scholarships at the same time, there is a deduction of ten per cent ; when 
 three enter together, fifteen per cent is discounted ; and when four or more, 
 twenty per cent is deducted from cost of scholarship as given above. Board 
 and lodging cost students from $15 to $20 per month. 
 
 There are no vacations in the Capital Business College. Students are 
 admitted at all times and without examination or special qualifications. 
 Students not well prepared get a thorough preparatory training here. The 
 College Literary Society offers students excellent opportunities for improve- 
 ment in Debates, Extempore Addresses, Declamations, and Writing Essays ; 
 and business men and firms in need of book-keepers and salesmen will con- 
 sult their interest by opening correspondence with the Capital Business 
 College. 
 
 ZERR & BUASS GALVANIZED IRON CORNICES AND METAL ROOFING; NEAR 
 CONGRESS AVENUE. 
 
 This is probably the only firm in the city engaged in this line of business, 
 and the business carried on is of such importance, that our work would be 
 incomplete were we to omit it. They manufacture galvanized iron cornices 
 and metal roofing, and on most of our finest buildings can be seen a specimen 
 of their work. Their trade is not only located in Austin, but extends over the 
 
100 AUSTIN HER 
 
 surrounding country, and they are constantly receiving orders from different 
 sections of the State for work of this kind. Their prices are very reasonable, 
 and all work is guaranteed to give perfect satisfaction. Employment is given 
 to seven skilled workmen, all of whom are experienced hands, and the pro- 
 prietors give their personal attention to all work done. They are located near 
 Congress Avenue, and the building occupied has all the facilities for carrying 
 on a business of this description. Messrs. M. Zerr & J. 0. Buass, compose the 
 firm. They are both experienced in this business, having thoroughly learned 
 the trade, and we commend them to the public, feeling assured that all work 
 done by them will give perfect satisfaction. Our many readers throughout the 
 State who are in need of work of this kind will consult their own interests by 
 corresponding with this firm before placing their work elsewhere. 
 
 F. EVERETT REAL ESTATE AGENT AND NOTARY PUBLIC; 812 CONGRESS 
 AVENUE. 
 
 Among the numerous enterprises carried on in this busy hive of industry, 
 and which by no means should be omitted in a work of this description, are 
 the real estate interests, contributing, as they do, largely to the wealth and 
 prosperity of the city. Among those firms engaged in this useful branch of 
 trade, who have won a name for activity and thorough business ability, is the 
 house of F. Everett, located at 812 Congress Avenue. He conducts principally 
 a notary public business, and deeds, mortgages and legal business papers 
 receive his personal attention. He has for a number of years been identified 
 with the real estate business in this city, and his extended acquaintance with 
 valuable property in different portions of the city and State, makes him a 
 most desirable person to consult by those contemplating investment. His trans- 
 actions are all conducted upon fair and honorable business principles, making 
 his services almost invaluable to those requiring the aid of a real estate agent. 
 Mr. Everett's prompt and straightforward manner has won for him the confi- 
 dence and esteem of the entire community. To our many readers scattered 
 over the North and West we recommend this house, feeling assured that all 
 business entrusted to his care will be most satisfactorily transacted. 
 
 D. W. JONES & CO. FURNITURE AND CARPETS; 805 AND 807 CONGRESS 
 AVENUE. 
 
 Among the most prominent of the business houses which line Congress 
 Avenue is the firm of D. W. Jones & Co. They occupy a commodious build- 
 ing, 50x160 feet in dimensions, and two stories in height, besides having ample 
 room for outside storage. The building is fitted out with every convenience 
 for the prompt and systematic conduct of the business, ten hands being kept 
 constantly busy filling the orders which come from city as well as country 
 
TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 101 
 
 buyers. The stock averages $50,000 in value, and consists of as complete a line 
 of furniture, carpets and upholstery goods as can be found in any city in the 
 country. Here are seen all styles of furniture, from the neatest and plainest 
 cottage sets, to the most expensive and elegant products of the leading facto- 
 ries. Carpets of all hues and designs, English and American, and upholstery 
 goods of every description. These being bought direct, are placed to the trade 
 at manufacturers' prices, and the large and fast-increasing trade of this well- 
 known house, is evidence of the superior quality of their goods and their 
 reasonable terms. All goods sold by this firm have a reputation for quality, a 
 fact which is now a source of great pride to Mr. John C. Boak, who is now the 
 sole member of the firm. Mr. Boak is well known in and out of business cir- 
 cles, and, with the rapid growth of Austin, there is no limit to the future 
 extension of his business. Bancroft Library 
 
 R. H. KIRBY LAND AND GENERAL AGENT ; No. 816 CONGRESS AVENUE. 
 
 Austin has several prominent land agents, and most are conducting a gen- 
 eral land business on commission. The business conducted by the subject of 
 this sketch is more in buying for cash when decided bargains are offered, and 
 thus providing himself with land that he can offer decided advantages on, 
 when capitalists call upon him to make paying investments. He has been in 
 Austin eight years, and for about two years has been conducting this business. 
 He is a prompt operator, and always has on his books a large list of property 
 that selections can be made from, which will prove valuable investments. 
 Parties who are compelled to realize on their lands will find, by corresponding 
 with Mr. Kirby, an outlet from their embarrassments, and at fair and honor- 
 able rates. We can commend him to our patrons as a desirable man to con- 
 sult on land matters. 
 
 STACY & HICKS JOBBERS OF CIGARS AND TOBACCO; 106 WEST PECAN 
 STREET. 
 
 In compiling a historical work such as this, embracing a review of the 
 most prominent houses engaged in the different branches of commercial pur- 
 suits, we find establishments here and there, which deserve somewhat more 
 than a passing notice at our hands, by reason of the immense amount of busi- 
 ness done, the large degree of popularity which they enjoy, and the spirit of 
 enterprise, activity and progressiveness which pervades their every department 
 and promotes their every transaction. Such an'establishment is the one pre- 
 sided over by the well-known and no less popular firm of Stacy & Hicks, at 
 106 West Pecan Street. This firm have been doing business here for nearly a 
 year, and have already become known throughout the entire West as being 
 one of the most honorable and reliable houses to deal with. The building 
 
102 AUSTIN HER 
 
 used is commodious, and is fitted up in such a manner as to make this estab- 
 lishment one of the most complete in the State, in point of equipments and 
 for convenience and facility in handling goods. These gentlemen are dealers 
 in tobaccos and cigars, and keep all the desirable brands of the day. They 
 are sole agents for the Star Route, Mardi Gras, and numerous other cigars, and 
 for the Piper Heidsiech chewing tobacco, which is known throughout the 
 United States for its delicious champagne flavor. The trade of this house is 
 so extensive that it is necessary to keep two traveling salesmen on the road 
 continually. The individual members of the firm are Wm. H. Stacy and 
 Chas. T. Hicks, the former having been a resident of Austin for the past 
 eleven years, and the latter five years ; and it can be truthfully stated that 
 they have won the esteem and respect of the community, by their upright, 
 honorable course, courteous manners and fair dealings. Their business policy 
 is prompt and liberal, and we cordially commend them to our many readers 
 throughout the West, as being a firm that offer superior advantages to dealers 
 in this line of goods, and correspondence with the house will undoubtedly 
 open up business transactions both profitable and pleasant. 
 
 CAPITAL OIL COMPANY C. W. HOPKINS, MANAGER; 106 WEST PECAN 
 STREFT. 
 
 Since the establishment of this company three years ago, with its perfect 
 system of delivery of oil, the citizens of Austin surely have had no reason 
 to complain. The company having sold only high-test and superior oil that 
 could be relied upon, and given full measure, as well as delivered it at their 
 residences free of cost, and at any time and in any quantity as might be 
 desired. Mr. Hopkins' office is with Messrs. Stacy & Hicks, where all orders 
 can be left, and they will receive the earliest attention and prompt delivery. 
 We are glad to know that housekeepers are generally favoring this enterprise, 
 as they find thereby that their groceries are free from any oil odor, as was for- 
 merly the case when delivered with their groceries. Doing an extensive 
 business and making it a specialty, he is enabled to buy in larger lots, thus 
 making a saving in purchase, which profit he divides with his patrons. The 
 enterprise is a credit to the city, and should receive very liberal patronage. 
 
 A. GARDNER & CO. LUMBER DEALERS AND PLANING MILL; CONGRESS 
 AVENUE. 
 
 This new and enterprising establishment is favorably located near Con- 
 gress Avenue, and has large yard room to handle the stock of lumber, laths, 
 shingles, and stock usually found in a first-class lumber yard. In connection, 
 also, they have a new planing mill, sash, door and blind factory, with ample 
 steam power, and all the most modern improved machinery to conduct the 
 
TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 103 
 
 same. All building material is here prepared at short notice, and can be 
 relied on as being finished in a perfect and superior manner. None but 
 skilled men are given employment here, and good work is required at their 
 hands. Parties who desire business in their line, whether merchants or 
 builders, will find them a liberal and progressive firm, and one which takes 
 good care of their patrons. With the best facilities to supply themselves with 
 lumber, they can compete with any similar concern in the State in selling 
 lumber at low prices. Being manufacturers of builders' material, they can 
 deal with the closest buyers. In advantages offered to the trade, both in qual- 
 ity and price of goods, the firm compete successfully with any, and as a desir- 
 able one with which to establish agreeable, profitable and permanent relations, 
 has no superior anywhere. 
 
 EDWARD W. SHANDS & SON GENERAL REAL ESTATE AND INSURANCE; 
 163 EAST PECAN STREET. 
 
 In reviewing the industries of Austin, we find some that are entitled to 
 prominent notice on account of the length of time they have been in business, 
 as well as the honorable conduct that has been manifested in all their transac- 
 tions. Among these is the firm of Shands & Son. The elder, formerly in this 
 business in St. Louis, came to Austin while it was an infant city, and by his 
 familiarity with the rise and value of the property of the city, is well quali- 
 fied to handle intelligently any interests entrusted to his charge. Laterly he 
 has had the assistance of his son, who, as a partner, is an invaluable help in 
 prosecuting the business successfully. Both the real estate and insurance 
 departments are efficiently managed and honorably conducted, and it is with 
 no small degree of pleasure we make notice of this firm in reviewing the his- 
 tory of Austin, as we can assure our readers they are well worthy of confidence. 
 
 WAYLAND & CRISER WHOLESALE AND RETAIL GROCERS ; 807 CONGRESS 
 AVENUE. 
 
 Among the business houses which line Congress Avenue, one of the 
 largest and best known is that of Messrs. Way land & Criser, whose name 
 heads our article. Their building is a substantial and commodious one, and 
 is fitted out with every convenience for the quick and systematic conduct of 
 the business. Their stock comprises all that can be found in an essentially 
 first-class grocery establishment, and is constantly replenished ; care being 
 taken to keep up with the latest novelties in all departments. The trade, 
 which reaches a large and rapidly increasing amount, extends throughout the 
 city and State ; the superior quality of their groceries finding favor wherever 
 they are introduced. Transacting a large wholesale as well as retail business, 
 all their goods are bought direct ; hence, they are enabled to place them to the 
 
104 AUSTIN HER 
 
 trade, as well as to consumers, at terms which few can duplicate. Messrs. 
 Wayland & Criser are both gentlemen well known in and out of business cir- 
 cles, and have built up their present fine business in the face of the keenest 
 competition. Messrs. Wayland & Criser also do a large commission and pro- 
 duce business, receiving consignments of butter, fruits and other produce, and 
 watching closely the markets, they are enabled to procure the very best prices 
 for consignments. They also possess ample storage facilities for any amount 
 of produce. Under their favorable auspices, and with the rapid growth of 
 Austin, there is no limit to the future extension of their business. All com- 
 munications receive prompt attention, and parties here and elsewhere will find 
 it to their advantage to call on or correspond with them. 
 
 0. N. HOLLINGSWORTH LAND AND LIVE STOCK AGENCY; 717 CONGRESS 
 AVENUE, AUSTIN, TEXAS. 
 
 Although not long established, the transactions of the above firm will 
 compare favorably with those of any similar one in Austin. Mr. Hollings- 
 worth has on his books large tracts of the best grazing lands scattered through- 
 out Texas, Old and New Mexico, and which he offers at most reasonable terms, 
 so as to place a comfortable home within the reach of all. Besides these large 
 surveys, he has in different sections of the" State, small surveys adapted either 
 to grazing or farming, and also in Travis and adjacent counties he has im- 
 proved farms for sale. He has also a number of desirable city residences and 
 lots for sale. But it is of the splendid ranche at Fort Stockton that we desire 
 especially to speak. The ranche comprises an area of 42,000 acres ; 6,000 
 acres of which can be irrigated immediately, the ditches being cut, and the 
 water ready to be turned on. On these lands 25 to 30 bushels of wheat, and 
 35 to 40 bushels of corn per acre can be easily grown. The Frijola Bean 
 grows luxuriantly ; the celebrated El Paso and other grapes flourish and fruits 
 of all kinds and garden vegetables can be raised in large quantities. The 
 adjacent country is thickly set with the nutritious Gamma Grass which 
 matures in the early Fall into natural hay. Upwards of 1,000,000 acres 
 are directly tributary to and are drained by the beautiful stream which irri- 
 gates the valley of this magnificent ranche. Being at an altitude of about 
 3,000 feet above the sea, the air is singularly pure ; hence the cattle raised 
 here are free from all character of disease. At present three hundred head of 
 horses, and thirteen thousand cattle range here, each year showing a groat 
 increase of their number ; and so fine is the climate, and so rich the pasture, 
 that six times that number could easily be maintained. Besides this, there is 
 a United States Fort with garrison, officers' quarters, and immense and thor- 
 oughly fitted out stables which could be utilized for housing and properly 
 caring for improved stock. With all these combined advantages, Fort Stock- 
 
TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 105 
 
 ton Ranche could be made the finest breeding farm in the world, and the 
 point to which stockraisers in various parts of the country would send to pro- 
 cure their choicest breeding animals. This splendid property, which includes 
 the Fort and about thirty other houses, is now for sale, and we commend the 
 above sketch to the careful consideration of those who would make a safe and 
 profitable investment. All communications addressed to Mr. Hollingsworth 
 regarding this or any other property which he has for sale, will receive prompt 
 attention. 
 
 MORRISON & FOURMY DIRECTORY PUBLISHERS. ESTABLISHED 1876. MAIN 
 OFFICE, 170 TREMONT STREET, GALVESTON. 
 
 In no branch of the publishing business has there been greater progress 
 made in the last score of years, than in that devoted to the publishing of city 
 directories. Prior to the civil war it was only the very large cities of the 
 country that boasted a directory, and even those few were insignificant publi- 
 cations, compared with those of to-day, being too feebly supported by the busi- 
 ness public to justify a publishing house in expending the time, labor and 
 capital requisite to make them the comprehensive vademecums they should have 
 been and are now. But the enterprising publishers of America have been 
 indefatigable in their efforts to educate the masses up to a full knowledge of the 
 indispensable value of a thoroughly complete and reliable city directory, and 
 as a result, we now find that the most ordinary towns in every section of our 
 country clamor each year for a new directory, and it is a slow-poke community 
 indeed that will not contribute liberally to the publishing of a new directory 
 of their town at least once every two years. No publishing firm has done 
 more to bring about this improved condition of intelligence, than Messrs. Mor- 
 rison & Fourmy, the well-known publishers of Texas City Directories (estab- 
 lished in 1876), and too much credit cannot be accorded them for the good they 
 have accomplished, the benefits they are continually conferring upon the 
 public at large and the important influence they are exerting upon the devel- 
 opment of our cities and towns throughout the State through their invaluable 
 directories. The firm now publishes regularly, annual or bi-ennial directories, 
 in the cities of Galveston, Houston, San Antonio, Dallas, Austin, Waco, Fort 
 Worth, Sherman and Dennison all live, go-ahead Texas cities and also 
 Shreveport, Louisiana. The rapid advances which these several cities are mak- 
 ing as centers of trade, commerce and industry ; must in a very considerable 
 measure be ascribed to such valuable adjuncts as the well-printed, comprehen- 
 sive and thoroughly reliable directory they each support liberally and with the 
 spirit of true nineteenth century progression. The main office of this exten- 
 sive directory publishing house is located at No. 170 Tremont street, Galveston, 
 and where are kept on file all directories of the principal cities of the United 
 
106 
 
 AUSTIN HER 
 
 States, and also back files of their own Texas publications, for reference, free to 
 the general public. Messrs. Morrison & Fourmy are arranging to add several 
 other live Texas cities to their list of directory publications this year, another 
 evidence of the appreciation by the public of their capable works. ' 
 
 F. E. RUFFINI ARCHITECT, OVER SAMOSTZ' DRUG STORE ; CONGRESS AVENUE. 
 
 The art of architecture, which in ancient times assumed grand propor- 
 tions, during the present century has made rapid strides toward perfection, and 
 at the present time for variety and beauty of style, for durability, strength 
 and pleasing appearance it seems to have reached its acme. These thoughts 
 
 have come to us while viewing 
 some of the structures built under 
 the masterly plans of Mr. F. E. 
 Ruffini, an artist who has reached 
 the top round of the profession, 
 as is evidenced by the patronage 
 he is receiving from the public 
 where he resides; and he is well 
 worthy of the confidence of our 
 readers abroad who desire the 
 services of a competent architect. 
 Not only do many of the public buildings of Austin stand as a monument to 
 his skill, but the beauty and convenience of many of our most admired resi- 
 dences show evidences of his masterly work. Parties throughout the State can 
 reach him by correspondence and will receive prompt replies. We are glad to 
 add that he is considered in Austin not only a man of ability, but conscientious 
 and reliable in all business transactions. He employs skilled help and guaran- 
 tees all work to give perfect satisfaction. He provides competent men to 
 superintend his plans in building when desired, and he is recognized among 
 the profession as being one of the first. His terms are as liberal as can be had 
 where the same ability is desired. 
 
 PAUL PRESSLER SOLE AGENT FOR SEMPS' ST. Louis LAGER BEER ; OFFICE 
 AND BEER VAULTS, N. E. CORNER CYPRESS AND GUADALUPE STREETS 
 OPPOSITE I. & G. N. R. R. FREIGHT DEPOT. 
 
 The qualities for which Semps' St. Louis Lager Beer is noted are chiefly 
 distinguisded for purity, brilliancy of color, richness of flavor and non-liability, 
 to deteriorate in warm climates qualities, the result of excellent water, coupled 
 with the use of apparatus possessing all the best modern improvements and the 
 superior standard of both quality and quantity of ingredients used, all of which 
 has resulted in producing a beer which for palatableness, flavor, tonic qualities 
 
TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 107 
 
 is not surpassed anywhere and has made the beer famous and giving it a 
 world-wide reputation and increasing demand. Mr. Paul Pressler, sole agent 
 for this beer, has been connected with it since its first introduction to Austin 
 and has managed the business with that admirable tact and ability acquired 
 by long experience in the beering trade. He is a popular man and has already 
 brought up the annual sales of this beer to about 100 carloads. He has provi- 
 ded all facilities to keep the beer in an even temperature so that when ordered 
 it is sent out in a fresh and healthy state. Our readers from abroad who may 
 desire to handle a beer that is strictly first-class should not fail to correspond 
 with Mr. Pressler, who will be prompt and faithful to his patrons. The office 
 and beer vaults are located directly opposite the freight depot of the Interna- 
 tional & Great Northern Railroad, thus affording him advantages in receiving 
 and shipping beer, the importance of which is apparent. 
 
 LAND & THOMPSON REAL ESTATE AND LAND AGENCY, FOR THE SALE, 
 PURCHASE, EXCHANGE AND LEASE OF IMPROVED AND UNIMPROVED 
 PROPERTY; ALSO, FIRE INSURANCE AGENTS; DALLAS, TEXAS. 
 
 The importance of the commission agent in the business affairs of this life 
 is thoroughly understood by every intelligent, wide-awake man of the nine- 
 teenth century. No other medium is so capable for establishing the most inti- 
 mate relations between the seller and the buyer no matter how utter strangers 
 all parties may be or how widely separated by distance and no other medium 
 labors so assiduously to promote their respective interests by conferring upon 
 either party alike special advantages and otherwise unattainable benefits. He 
 is the mutual friend and adviser, or go-between, that may be relied upon im- 
 plicitly, and in no branch of business has his services been sought to a greater 
 extent, and with more gratifying results, than in matters pertaining to real 
 estate. The firm of Land & Thompson, Dallas, Texas, are one of the many 
 engaged in this occupation that can be commended to the public at large as 
 eminently qualified and thoroughly reliable, having been closely connected with the 
 business for the past twenty years. Their experience, comprehensive knowl- 
 edge of the real estate and land business in every detail, and extensive facili- 
 ities for safely conducting it in all its various branches, together with their 
 wide acquaintance with capitalists, large land operators, manufacturers and 
 others interested in land properties, gives "them very decided advantages over 
 the majority of Texas land agents, and enables the firm to guarantee the most 
 perfect satisfaction in the transacting of all business entrusted to their charge. 
 They buy, sell, exchange, lease and rent farms, ranches, and improved or unim- 
 proved lands of all descriptions. They pay taxes on property and keep up 
 improvements and insurance policies. They make a specialty of looking after 
 non-resident property owners interests, with the same watchful care they exer- 
 
108 AUSTIN HER 
 
 else over their own property, and invite correspondence from either holders of 
 Texas property, at home or abroad, on the subject of this department of their 
 business. They are also prepared to locate scrip on choice lands, perfect titles, 
 value lands, make divisions of property, make loans on choice farms or valua- 
 ble lands of any description, and make investments for capitalists. In their 
 department devoted to city business they give the same careful and experi- 
 enced attention to buying and selling or exchange of real estate, renting and 
 collection of rents, keeping property in repair, insuring, paying of taxes, 
 the general care of estates belonging to residents or non-residents. The firm 
 also places fire risks upon all classes of portable property and improved real 
 estate in the staunchest insurance companies in the country. In this connec- 
 tion they are prepared to represent any fire insurance company of merit that 
 desires to enter the State of Texas, and will entertain proposals from corpora- 
 tions to that end. The firm make a leading specialty of handling lands suita- 
 ble for agriculture and stock purposes, and invite the particular attention of 
 stockmen and farmers to their extensive facilities and superior inducements. 
 They control over one million acres of the finest farming and grazing lands in 
 the State, and which they are now placing on the market, to be sold at unusu- 
 ally low rates to actual settlers. Messrs. Land and Tnompson are capable, 
 energetic business men, of firm integrity, sound judgment, and conservative 
 management, possessed of unquestionable executive ability and financial 
 talents of a high order, who are liberally endorsed by the best citizens of 
 Texas and the South, as well as of the Western and Eastern cities. Enterpris- 
 ing, skillful operators, keeping fully abreast with the progressive age, and 
 possessing a complete knowledge of the magnificent resources of Texas for 
 agriculture, stock-raising, mining, manufactures, commerce and capital, and 
 moreover laboring with a keen interest in the development of that grand 
 destiny which every penetrative mind recognizes as the future portion of the 
 State, the firm of Land & Thompson commends itself to the public as one from 
 whom the most liberal treatment may be expected, and who may be relied 
 upon to the fullest extent for the judicious handling of all interests placed in 
 their charge, and with the highest possible advantages to their patrons. 
 
DALLAS 
 
 PfOUSS, fiixfcJOSS 
 
 , Proprietors. 
 
 THE LRRG-EST CIRCULATION IN NORTH TEXAS, 
 
 The Columns of the Herald are replete with news from every section. Pull Associated Press Dispatches. 
 and Specials from all Portions of the State 
 
 SYNOPSIS OP DECISIONS OF SUPREME AND APPELLATE COURTS BY THE FINEST LAW REPORTER IN THE STATE. 
 
 TO THE MERCHANTS IT OFFERS 
 
 THE MOST COMPLETE AND RELIABLE MARKET AND FINANCIAL REPORT 
 
 PUBLISHED IN THE STATE. 
 
 THE WEEKLY 
 
 Is printed on a large eight-page, seven-column sheet; contains all the features of the Day, together with special news 
 and a vast amount of select miscellaneous reading matter. 
 
 JOB 
 
 BOOK AND COMMERCIAL PRINTING 
 
 OIF 1 
 ESTIMATES FURNISHED. 
 
 G. B. SSODBA^D, 
 
 DENTIST, 
 
 Goipgress jA.Ve. 
 
 Work promptly and Skillfully executed and per- 
 fect satisfaction guaranteed. 
 
 S.S.SHACKELFORD 
 * ilcuth-t, * 
 
 Dental Rooms, 520 ^ 522 Congress Ave. 
 
 OVER SAMOSTZ DRUG STORE. 
 
 THE BEST BEER IN THE SOUTH AND FOR THE 
 
 LONE STAR BREWING CO., 
 
 SAN ANTON I A, TEX. 
 
 E. HALLMARTK, AGENT, 
 
 312 CONGRESS AVE.. AUSTIN, TEX. 
 
 2=a.tro3a.lza 
 
 REUBEN W. FORD, 
 
 Land Surveyor and Civil Engineer, 
 
 OFFICE, FIRST FLO R COURT HOUSE, 
 With County Surveyor. 
 
 Mr. 'Ford has been here 26 years and is well ac- 
 quainted with the several leading counties. He 
 gives careful attention to business entrusted to 
 him, and will promptly perform the same for 
 moderate compensation. 
 
 THE UNITED STATES MILLER, 
 
 MILWAUKEE, WIS. 
 
 THE LEflDING MILLING JOURNHL IN SMERICH. 
 
 E. HARRISON CAWKER, PUBLISHER. 
 
 SUBSCRIPTION PRICE, $1.00 PER ANNUM. FOR ADVERTISING RATES ADDRESS AS ABOVf. 
 
THE! BE1ST ROUTE! 
 
 FROM 
 
 Chicago ]Vli1waukee 
 
 -TO- 
 
 MENASHA, 
 NEENAH, 
 APPLETON, 
 DEPERE, 
 
 GREEN BAY, 
 
 FT. HOWARD, 
 
 Marinette, His., and Menominee, Mich. 
 
 -IS VIA- 
 
 C., M. & ST. PAUL RAILWAY 
 
 FROM CHICAGO 
 
 AND THE 
 
 Milwaukee* Northern Railway 
 
 FFIOIME MILWAUKEE. 
 
 ALL TRAINS ARRIVE AT AND DEPART FROM UNION DEPOTS. 
 
 W. W. TABBERNER, General Agent, C. F, DDTTON, General Superintendent, 
 
 55 CLARK ST., CHICAGO, ILL. MILWAUKEE, WIS. 
 
COTTON BELT ROUTE. 
 
 TXEAS AND ST. LOUIS R'Y. 
 THK NEU1 THROUGH LJNE 
 
 -FROM- 
 
 ARKANSAS AND TEXAS^ 
 
 BY WAY OF CAIRO TO 
 
 'm 
 
 JLa 
 
 Connecting in Union Depots with Through Trains for all points in 
 
 Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin, Michigan, 
 
 Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New 
 
 York and all Points 
 
 NORTH and EAST 
 
 Pullman Palace Sleeping Cars, Pullman Parlor Cars and Elegant Day Coaches run 
 
 through to St. Louis 
 
 WITHOUT CHANGE. 
 
 Only one change to Chicago. Don't buy a ticket to any point North or East until you 
 have found out what you can get one for via the new line. Specially good accommo- 
 dations for all classes of travel. For maps, time tables, rates, etc., apply to any agent of 
 the TEXAS AND ST. Louis E'Y COMPANY, or to 
 
 W. R. WOODARD, A. C. SHELDON, 
 
 Receiver and Gen'l Manager. Gen'l Passenger Agent 
 
 25 S. FOURTH ST., ST. LOUIS, MO. 
 
Gulf, Colorado & Santa Fe Railway 
 
 The only Solid Through Line between Northern Texas and the Gulf 
 
 TRAVERSING NINETEEN COUNTIES. 
 
 THE MOST FERTILE AUD PRODUCTIVE OT THE STATE, 
 
 PRINCIPAL CITIES AND TOWNS ARE: 
 
 Galveston, 
 
 Houston, 
 Richmond, 
 
 Rosenberg, 
 Bellville, 
 
 Brenliam, 
 Someiville, 
 
 Navasota, 
 Montgomery, 
 
 Caldwell. 
 Milano, 
 
 Temple, 
 Belton, 
 
 Lampasas S, 
 McGregor, 
 
 Meridan, 
 Morgan, 
 
 Cleburne, 
 Alvarado. 
 
 Fjit Worth, 
 Dallas. 
 
 The Elrado i Farmer! The Elysium 1 Stockman! 
 
 THE PARADISE OF THE IMMIGRANT! 
 
 Direct Connection with all Trunk Lines and Water Routes. 
 
 SUPERIOR ADVANTAGES FOR HANDLING PASSENGERS OR FREIGHT, 
 
 TO 
 
 Through Tickets, Through Baggage Checks, Through Bills of Lading, to and from all points. 
 
 WEBSTER SNYDER, 
 
 General Manager. 
 
 OSCAR G. MURRAY, 
 
 (iou'l Freight and Pass. Agt. 
 
 GALVESTON, TEXAS. 
 
A 
 
 5u;o 
 
 Sent with your full address to A. V. H. CARPENTER, General Passenger 
 
 Stamp 
 
 Agent, Milwaukee, Wis,, will bring to you oqe of t^e 
 
 following qarqed publications, issued for 
 
 free distributioq by the 
 
 /T\ilu/aul^ 
 
 I^ailu/ay. 
 
 If you desire to kqow where to spsqd the Summer, ask for a "GUIDE 
 TO SUMMER HOMES" aqd a copy of "GEMS OF THE NORTHWEST." 
 If you thiqk of going to 
 
 O:m. 
 
 *, etc 
 
 ask for "A TALE OF NINE CITIES," If you want to invest in, or go 
 to, aqy portioq of the Westerq States or Territories, ask for a copy of our 
 28-page illustrated parqphlet, eqtitled, "THE NORTHWEST AND FAR 
 WEST." All of trpse publications contaiq valuable information, which 
 caq be obtaiqed iq qo otrjer way, 
 
 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO&OOO 
 
HOUSTON TEXAS CENTRAL R'Y. 
 
 THE ONLY ALL STEEL RAIL LINE IX THE STATE. 
 
 THE ONLY LINE IN TEXAS RUNNING 
 
 TWH HfllLY PASSENGER TRAINS EflCH WflY, 
 
 PULLMAN PARLOR CARS ON DAY TRAINS 
 
 *- -PULLMAN SLEEPING CARS ON NIGHT TRAINS 
 
 And with its Connections forms the only DOUBLE DAILY ROUTE 
 FROM NORTHERN and CENTRAL TEXAS 
 
 TO NEW ORJUEANB! 
 
 Where IMMEDIATE Connections are made with THROUGH CAR 
 Lines FOR ALL POINTS NORTH AND EAST. 
 
 THE SHORTEST LINE! 
 
 Between Texas, Kansas City, Hannibal and St. Louis, and Favorable Routes via DENI- 
 
 SON and MISSOURI PACIFIC R'Y to KANSAS CITY, HANNIBAL or 
 
 St. Louis to all Points East, North and West. 
 
 THROUGH SLEEPER EVERY DAY, EACH WAY, 
 
 NEW ORLEANS & ST. Louis, 
 
 -\TA- 
 
 LAFAYETTE, LA,, HOUSTON, DALLAS, SHERMAN AND DENISON, TEXAS, 
 
 AM) TI1KXCK VIA 
 
 Missouri Pacific R'y, through the Indian Territory, via Fort Scott, Kan., and Sedalia, Mo. 
 
 SLEEPERS DAILY EACH WAY BETWEEN HOUSTON AND AUSTIN. 
 
 Through Tickets from or to any point in Great Britain or Continent of Europe, via the 
 HOISTON & TEXAS CENTRAL RAILWAY, via all rail to New York or 
 Baltimore; thence via NORTH (iERMAN LLOYD, WHITE STAR, 
 INMAN. STATE. ROTTERDAM, and ITALIAN STEAM- 
 SHIP LINES, on sale at important Stations on line 
 of this Railway, and at all other Principal 
 
 Towns in Texas. 
 
 <g Persons desiring to purchase prepaid tickets, to send to friends in Europe, \\illj 
 save money by consulting our Agents. 
 
 0" For information as to rfttes of Freight, 1'asisage. Routes, etc., apply in person orj 
 by letter to 
 
 DAN'L R1PLEY, G. F. A., A. FAULKNER, G. P. A., 
 
 J. WALDO, V. P. and T. Manager, HOUSTON, TEXAS. 
 
Lithomount 
 Pamphlet 
 
 Binder 
 Gaylord Bros. 
 
 Makers 
 
 Stockton, Calif. 
 PAT. JAN 21, 1908