ISO / 7 r' UNIVERSITY OF CALIFOR^aA LIBPARY COLLEGE 6f .RICULTURE DAV'*^ !\y Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2007 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/floraofwilloughbOOkennrich FLORA OF WILLOUGHBY, VERMONT, GEORGE G. KENNEDY. [Reprinted from Rhodora, vol. 6, pages 93-134, and 148.] Boston, Massachusetts, June, 1904. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA UBRARY CX)LLEGE OF AGRICULTURE DAVIS ^^-^/ d/^A^ ^ i^^^-*^-i-iV->^.^»T/»^ ^, (3^5^. ^ Rhodora. Plate 54. WiLi.ouGHBY Cuff from the Pasture. WiLLOUGHEY LaKE THROUGH THE NOTCH. IRbo^ora JOURNAL OF THE NEW ENGLAND BOTANICAL CLUB Vol. 6 June, 1904 No. 66 FLORA OF WILLOUGHBY, VERMONT. George G. Kennedy. The approach to Willoughby Notch in old times was from the north ; following up Barton River from Lake Memphremagog to the stream, named in Thompson's History of Vermont (1842) Wil- loughby's River, which flows from Willoughby's Lake between Mt. Pisgah and Mt. Hor. Who this Willoughby may have been I am unable to say, but his name has remained for the region and even the higher easterly mountain is now usually designated as Mt. Wil- loughby instead of by the older names, Pisgah or Annanance. The notch lies in the southern corner of Orleans county and about at an equal distance, say 25 miles, from the Canada line on the north and the town of St. Johnsbury on the south: approximately, the lati- tude is 44° 43' north, and the longitude is 72° 2' west from Green- wich. The two mountains and the ridge at the south end of the lake divide the St. Lawrence waters from the Connecticut River tributaries; on the east and south sides of Mt. Willoughby, Mt. Hor and this ridge the streams unite for the Passumpsic river, and flow into the Connecticut ; on the west and north sides the waters unite in Barton river, flowing to Lake Memphremagog and the St. Lawrence valley. The hotel and post office are on this ridge at the south end of the lake, three miles from the nearest house to the north, through the notch, and a mile from the next farm south. The shortest distance to the railroad is to West Burke, a station on the Passumpsic division of the Boston and Maine. This drive of six miles follows the brook through a beautiful country of hill and valley with characteristic northern Vermont cedar {Thuya occidentalis) swamps. West Burke railroad station is 810 feet above the sea and •^ ^^ 7 ^ ^ 94 Rhodora [June the foUov/ing m^asurcnents of height are considered approximately trustworthy. Wilbughby Lake . . . . . 1060 ft. Hotel 1 160" Pulpit Rock 1700 " Summit of Mt. Willoughby . . . 2650 " North Outlook 2410 " Long Pond . . . . . . 1710 " Height of land on the Long Pond road N. E. of the mountain. . . . 2170 " The characteristic botanical features of Willoughby are the wet cliffs and slides on the southwest side of the mountain, and the sphagnous cedar swamps of the brooks, beginning close to the nar- row ridge that makes the water- divide, and continuing at intervals for five miles southward. These cedar swamps are, I suppose, not dif- ferent from others in northern Vermont, but the wet slopes of the notch are not paralleled except with Smuggler's Notch at Mount Mansfield ; and yet while the two notches have so many peculiar plants in common, each has some that the other lacks. Of such Smuggler's Notch has Lycopodium Selago, L., Arenaria verna, L., var. hirta, Watson, Gentiana Amarella, L., var. acuta, Hook, f., Castilleia pallida Kunth, var. septentrionalis Gray. Willoughby Notch has Asplenium Ruta-muraria, L., Scirpus pauciflorus^ Link, Rhynchospora capillacea, Torr., Braya humilis, Robinson, Aster polyphyllus, Willd. The Willoughby plants, too, are to be found in a very limited area. It is safe to say that nine-tenths of the non-introduced species can be found in two square miles, having the ridge at the south end of the lake as a center : the northern square mile takes in the lake shore and slopes, ledges and woods of the mountains on either side of the lake ; the southern square mile gives us the pastures, wet fields and swamps with their interesting orchids and carices. The rocks of the district appear to be of calcareous-mica-slate of a coarse consistency in some places as if siliceous, and therefore crumbling in some parts, while in others they are of a firmer slaty texture. The cliffs and ledges of the mountain disintegrate in large or small masses, making a talus at the base of the cliff extending even into the lake. On this slope grow many of the cliff plants evi- dently torn in sods from the upper ledges. At the south end the talus is covered to a greater depth with humus and the vegetation is more Rhodora. Plate 55. §HOKE Road at the South End of the Lake. Shore Road beyond Roaring Brook. 1904] Kennedy, — Flora of Willoughby 95 abundant and the trees larger; in fact at this spot one thinks of the Virginian AUeghanies with beautiful Viola Canadensis and Caulophy- ceum thalidroides ; while a few hundred feet further north on the slope the trees are smaller, the falling of rock from the cliif more fre- quent and the characteristic cliff plants appear at the roadside. Further up the road, at the " Devil's Den " the boulders are very large, say from 20 to 40 feet across. There is considerable lime in the district, not to be noticed in the delicious drinking water so abundantly bursting forth on the south- ern part of the ridge, but seen here and there in white frosty patches under and about loose rocks, and in one part of the bog below the house spreading over a half-acre meadow to which the name Marl Pond has been given ; a pond from four to six inches deep with the water gently moving over a flat bottom, which in all parts except one spot is as hard as a floor. The mosses, ferns and many flower- ing plants of the region are all more or less those of a limey district. Slides of earth and rock from the upper part of the cliff have left a series of channeled gravel trails in the higher portion of the wooded talus of the cliff. In many of them water flows for the greater part of the summer, especially at the north and south ends of the precipi- tous walls ; that is, not from the actual summit of the mountain, but from springs part way down the sides. These slides are old features of the mountain, the only recent one occurring about forty years ago near the north end of the cliff, obstructing the then new highway for several days, and made more memorable by happening on the 4th of July, for w^hich reason the slide has always borne that patriotic name. The so-called " Flower Garden " of the earlier botanists is at the base of the big cliff just referred to and here the wearing away of the mountain has somewhat lessened, and apparently the water which plays so large a part in the disintegration has sought other channels ; for the garden of late years is neither so rich in flowers nor so cool a collecting place on a hot day as other parts of the cliff walk. In this respect it differs greatly from Smuggler's Notch where the slides are usually the result of very heavy rains and where the loss of earth on the mountain side has not left such relatively large bare cliffs, and where the mass of earth yet to come down is infinitely greater than at Willoughby. A slide in 1897 at Smuggler's Notch filled the high- way with mud three or four feet deep ; and the upper surface having in places dried hard enough to walk upon, the mass had a lava-like g6 Rhodora U^ne consistency, being still soft and muddy below the surface. There is not enough earth at Willoughby for such a slide. There is no roadway at the base of Mt. Hor on the west side of the lake. A highway was laid out and finished in 1856 on the east side at the base of Mt. Willoughby and is now the post road from West Burke to Westmore village at the outlet of the lake. This high- way is certainly one of the most beautiful rural roads in New Eng- land, and is fully as much of a flower garden as the base of the cliffs above. The Lake is some five miles long, a mile or more wide at its north- ern half and narrowing at its southern end in the notch between the two mountains. Few water plants have been collected in this south part, the precipitous walls of the notch extending apparently into deep water. The northern end has a beach half a mile in length and meadows extending to the water's edge : the prevailing northerly winds tend to drift water plants towards the south end of the lake and such plants have been thus gathered on the south lesser beach. No mention is made of Willoughby in Wm. Oakes' elaborate cata- logue of Vermont Plants,^ nor have I heard that Oakes ever visited the northeastern part of the state ; but in that catalogue Mr. Robbins is named as having collected at Lake Memphremagog and at Browning- ton, at which latter place in 1829 he obtained Senecio aureus^ L., var. lanceolatus, Oakes, as noted in " Some rare plants of New England."^ This is Senecio Robbinsii^ Oakes, of the present list, Mr. Carey is also named as collecting plants at Lyndon and Sutton on the south side of Willoughby and at Charleston on the north, and all within a dozen miles of the Notch. This Mr. Carey is John Carey, the friend and companion of Asa Gray on his North Carolina trip, who lived at Bellows Falls, Vermont, in 1835 and 1836, and died at an advanced age in England in 1879.3 How Mr. Carey could have col- lected Boirychium simplex^ Hitchcock, at this early date at "Sutton, near the village, on the road leading to Burke,'^ * and not visited the Willoughby Cliffs, however inaccessible they appeared, is to me a mystery. 1 Oakes in Thompson, Nat. Hist.. Vt. (1S42) 173-208, reprint 1-36. 2 Oakes, Hovey's Mag. Hort. vii. (1841) 183. ^ Vide Asa Gray, Biographical notice, Am. Jour. Sci., Ser. 3, xix. (1880) 422. ^ Oakes, Cat. Vt. PI. 1. c. 207 (35). Rhodora. Plate 56. NoRiH End of the Cuffs, Willoughby Mountain. Face of the Cliffs, Willoughdv Mountain. 1904] Kennedy, — Flora of Willoughby 97 Alphonso Wood ( 18 1 0-188 1) was the first botanist to visit Wil- loughby and publish any names of plants there collected, and the only reference to his visit I have been able to find is in the second edition of his Class Book of Botany,^ where under Saxifraga aizoides, L. and S. oppositifolia^ L. he says he discovered these in August, 1845, ^'^ ^^ clefts of rocks, Willoughby Mt., 500 feet above the lake. In July, 1852, C. C. Frost and Rev. A. H. Clapp of Brattleboro, Vermont, visited Willoughby and their trip is described by John L. Russell of Salem, Massachusetts, in Hovey's Magazine, for Novem- ber, 1852.^ The mountain is there called Pisgah or Annance ; the latter a name of "a chief of the St. Francis tribe of Indians." They say " the region had been explored some years previous by Mr. Wood, a botanist of merit, and through whose remarkable discoveries there, our tourist was induced to visit the spot." Forty-seven flowering plants and ferns and four mosses are mentioned as found at Wil- loughby and as this makes the first list of plants of the region I give it here — a list of names only, no authors cited — but here rearranged more nearly after modern methods. Hypnum splendens " crista-castrensis " umbratum " cupressiforme Pteris atropurpurea Woodsia glabella Cupressus thjoides Thuya occidentalis Calamagrostis Canadensis Danthonia spicata Lolium perenne Muhlenbergia sjlvatica Oryzopsis melanocarpa Panicum depauperatum " nitidum Carex eburnea " scirpoidea Clintonia borealis Anemone cylindrica " Virginiana Clematis Virginiana Arabis Ijrata Draba arabisans Saxifraga aizoides " oppositifoHa Fragaria Virginiana Rosa blanda Rubus occidentalis " odoratus " strigosus Rubus triflorus Hedjsarum boreale Phaca Robbinsii Vitis cordifolia Helianthemum Canadense Circaea alpina Oenothera fruticosa Primula Mistassinica Apocjnum hjpericifolium Asclepias Cornuti " quadrifolia Lonicera ciliata Campanula rotundifolia Achillaea Millefolium Antennaria margaritacea Artemisia Canadensis Cirsium lanceolatum Eupatorium ageratoides " purpureum Solidago corjmbosus " lanceolatus 1 Wood, Class Book., ed. 2 (1847) 279. 2 J. L. Russell, Hovey's Mag. Hort. xviii. (1852) 481-485. 98 Rhodora [June Although some plants of this list cannot now be identified, it yet contains nearly all the characteristic cliff plants : but evidently no attention was paid to the woods or swamps, though the botanists' route led through rare orchid ground. In the 1853 appendix to Thompson's History of Vermont, is a list of 105 additions to Wm. Oakes' Catalogue and 19 of ):hese are cred- ited to C. C. Frost from Willoughby. This list was prepared by Prof. Joseph Torrey of Burlington. Other botanists followed, viz.: Wm. Boott, in 1854, Rev. Joseph Blake in 1861, Horace Mann in 1862, Edwin Faxon in 1873, and many others now living. The second paper on the flora of Willoughby is by Mr. Chas. E. Ridler ^ giving an interesting account of the approach to the Notch from the north and describing the mountain and its flora. The third paper is by Walter Deane,^ an account of his collecting trip in July, 1885, with J. R. Churchill. The only other paper I have seen is by Dr. H. H. Rusby reprinted from the Bulletin of Pharmacy, January, 1893, an account of his visit in July and August, 1892. This gives special attention to the oecological features of the district and to the ferns, a list of thirty-two being given. The present list of 690 names is quite as noteworthy for the plants that are not in it as for those that are. Many of the common things we expect everywhere have not yet been seen in this little area, and many plants have been collected only once, and of others only one or two stations are known. The introduced plants in the Notch itself do not tend to increase and now that the lumbermen have begun a crusade in the swamp region and on the mountain sides the possi- bility of the destruction of choice botanical areas is alarming. The ferns, orchids and carices of wet woods need the protection of forest trees and certain plants in the Willoughby region are sure to perish. The map of Willoughby has been drav.^n by Mr. J. F. Collins of the Botanical Department of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, and is believed to be as accurate as the variable material at his disposal would allow. Unless otherwise noted specimens of all these plants are in my Herbarium, and I shall be glad to receive any additions to this list. 1 Ridler, Appalachia, iv, (1884) 64. 2 Deane, Bot. Gaz. xi. (1886) 112. Hill 1Z' *^ Map of Willoughby Region. 100 Rhodora [June FLORA OF WILLOUGHBY, VERMONT. PTERIDOPHYTA OPHIOGLOSSACEAE OPHIOGLOSSUM O. vulgatum, L. In moist mowing land. BOTRYCHIUM B. simplex, Hitch. B. matricariaefolium, A. Br. B. ternatum, Swartz, var. intermedium, D. C. Eaton. B. ternatum, Swartz, var. obliquum, Milde. B. ternatum, Swartz, var. dissectum, Milde. B. Virginianum, Swartz. , OSMUNDACEAE OSMUNDA O. regalis, L. O. cinnamomea, L. * O. Claytoniana, L. POLYPODIACEAE ONOCLEA O. sensibilis, L. O. sensibilis, L., var. obtusilobata, Torr. O. Struthiopteris, Hoffm. WOODSIA W. Ilvensis, R. Br. Rocks near Roaring Brook. W. hyperborea, R. Br. W. alpt'na (Bolton) S. F. Graj. Rare ; on the cliffs. W. glabella, R. Br. Common on the cliffs, DICKSONIA D. pilosiuscula, Willd. D. punctilobula (Michx.) Graj. CYSTOPTERIS C. bulbiffra,,BerRh. C. fjra'gilis,':Seria]hi. r-:''/:' • ' ' : aspidium A. acrostichoides, Swartz. Dyyopteris acrosttchoid.es (Michx.) Kuntze. igo4] Kennedy, — Flora of VVilloughby lOi A. acrostichoides, ^wartz, var. incisum, Graj. Dryopterit. acros-tichot'dea, var. Schzveinitzii (Beck) Undei w. A. aculeatum. Swartz, var. Braunii, Koch. Dryopteris Brauvii (Spenner) Undervv. In deep rockv woods. A. Noveboracense, Swartz. Dryopteris Novebotacensis (L.) Graj. A. Thelypteris, Swartz. Dryopteris Thelypteris (L.) Gray. A. cristatum, Swartz. Dryopteris crtstata (L.) Gray. A. cristatum, Swartz, var. Clintonianum, D. C Eaton. In deep swamps. A. Goldianum, Hook. Dryopteris Goldiana (Hook.) Gray. Not rare in wet woods. Variable in form. A. marginale, Swartz. Dryopteris mcif ginalis (L.) Gra_). A. spinulosum, Swartz. Dryopteris spinulosa (Retz.) Kuntze. Deep woods near Cold Brook. A. spinulosum, Swartz, var. intermedium, D. C. Eaton. Dryopteris spinu- losa, var. intermedia (Mulil.) L'nderw. A. spinulosum, Swartz, var. dilatatum, Hook. A. Boottii, Tuckerm. Dryopteris Boottii (Tuckerm.) Underw. In wet woods. PHEGOPTERIS \ \ >, i \ \ ,' P. polypodioides, Fee. P. Phegopteris \X-)Vx\di^xw. P. Dryopteris, Fee. ,'\ ' ' > ^^ ; ' .; ASPLENIUM A. Trichomanes, L. Mt. Hor, Edwin Faxon, i886. A. viride, Hudson. Cliiis, Mt. Hor, Mrs. Condit, 1887. Two fronds in Herb. C. E. Faxon. A. Ruta-muraria, L. Cliffs, Willoughby Mountain; not common. A. thelypteroides, Michx. A. acrostichoides, Swartz. A. Filix-foemina, Bernh. ADIANTUM A. pedatum, L. Rapidly becoming rare from the rapacity of visitors. PTERIS P. aquilina. L. Seldom simply ternate. PELLAEA P. gracilis, Hook. P. Stelleri (S. G. Gmel.) Watt. P. atropurpurea, Link. Both species on the limestone cliffs. POLYPODIUM P. vulgare, L. A form with forking frond, W: A. Lorenz. Another with very broad frond, F. G. Floyd. I02 Rhodora [June EQUISETACEAE EQUISETUM E. arvense, L. E. arvense, L., approaching forma pseudo-sylvaticum/r/e A. A. Eaton. E. arvense, L., var. nemorosum, A. Br. E. sylvaticum, L. E. limosum, L. B. Jiuviatile, L. E. hyemale, L. Not common. E. scirpoides, Michx. LYCOPODIACEAE LYCOPODIUM L#. lucidulum, Michx. L. inundatum, L. L. dendroideum, Michx. L. annotinum, L. L. sabinaefolium, Willd. Top of the mountain, A. W. Cheever^ 1903. ,L. cl^viiti'iitiytL;. ; L. cflavatum, L;, var. monostachyon, Grev. & Hook. rLj. . eoYirplan^tum, L>., var. flabelliforme, Fernald. Often with peduncles /•'* '-s-toutj miieh blanched and bearing from 3 to 13 spikes, which are fre- quently proliferous at the apex. Lycopodium complanatum, L., var. Wibbei, Haberer in Herb. Gray. Branches with the aspect of var. flabelliforme, Fernald ; strobile soli- tary, large (3.5 to 4 cm. long). — Swampy woodlands on hills about Utica, New York, September, 1900 {J. V. Haberer in Herb. Gray). Dedicated to the late Reverend Father J. Herman Wibbe of Schenectady. This striking plant, the counterpart in the complanatum series of L. clavatum, var. monostachyon, Grev. & Hook., was found in shady cold woods at Willoughby, October i, 1903. The Willoughby specimens closely match those of Dr. Haberer. L. tristachyon, Pursh. L. complanatum, var. Ckatnaecyparissus, D. C. Eaton. ISOETACEAE ISOETES I. macrospora, Durieu. Miss Annie Lorcnz. This species has been deter- mined by Mr. A. A. Eaton. GYMNOSFERMAE PINACEAE PINUS P. Strobus, L. Very rare ; hardly to be seen except planted. ic;o4] Kennedy, — Flora of Willoughby 103 LARIX L. Americana, Michx. L. laricina (Du Roi) Koch. PICEA P. alba, Link. P. Canadensis (Mill.) B. S. P. P. nigra, Link. Including P. brevifolia, Peck. P. Mariana (Mill.) B. S. P. P. rubra. Link. The common "Lumber " Spruce. TSUGA T. Canadensis, Carr. ABIES A. balsamea, Mill. THUYA T. occidentalis, L. Some stumps of old growth cedars, more than three feet in diameter still remain in the Mt. Hor woods. TAXACEAE TAXUS T. Canadensis, Willd. Taxus minor (Michx.) Britton. ANGIOSFERMAE Monocotyledones TYPHACEAE TYPHA T. latifolia, L. SPARGANIACEAE SPARGANIUM S. simplex, Huds. S. simplex, Huds., var. angustifolium, Engelm. Long Pond. NAIADACEAE POTAMOGETON P. amplifolius, Tuckerm. Long Pond. P. alpinus, Balbis. Little Pond. P. heterophyllus, Schreb. Outlet of Long Pond. P. Spirillus, Tuckerm. Little Pond. P. heterophyllus, Schreb., var. graminifolius, Wats. cS: Coult. IQ4 Rhodora [June P, pusillus, L- North part of Willoughby Lake. P. diversifolius, Raf. Reported from Willoughby in Brainerd, Jones, & Eggleston, Fl. Vt., 1900, page 7, as collected bj the late H. G. Jesup, but no specimen can be found in Prof. Jesup's collection nor in the Herba- rium of Dartmouth College, Hanover, N. H. NAIAS N. fiexilis, Rostk. & Schm. Little Pond. ALISMACEAE SAGITTARIA S. latifolia, Willd. S. arifolia, Nutt. S. graminea, Michx. VALLISNERIACEAE VALLISNERIA V. spiralis, L. In Bishop's Brook, GRAMINEAE PANICUM P. GLABRUM, Gaudin. Syntherhma linearis (Krock) Nash. P. capillare, L. P. unciphyllum, Trin. P. pnbescens, Lam. P. Crus-galli, L. SETARTA S. GLAUCA, Beauv. Txophorus glaucus (L) Nash. In kitchen garden. S. viRiDis, Beav. Ixofhorus viridis (L) Nash. In farm land. S. Italica, Kunth. Ixophorus Italicus (L) Nash. Roadside. S. Italica, Kunth, var. Germanica, Richter. Roadside near hotel. PHALARIS P. arundinacea, L. P. arundinacea, L., var. picta, Gray. Roadside escape. ANTHOXANTHUM A. ODORATUM, L. Not commoH. HIEROCHLOE H. borealis, R. & S. Rare. Roaring Brook, 1901. 1904] Kennedy, — Flora of Willoughby 105 ORYZOPSIS O. asperifolia, Torr. O. melanocarpa, Muhl. MILIUM M. effusum, L. In woods. MUHLENBERGIA M. Mexicana, Trin. In rockj woods. M. glonmerata, Trin. M. racetnosa (Michx.) B. S. P. BRACHYELYTRUM B. aristatum, Beau v. B. erectum (Schreb.) Beau v. PHLEUM P. PRATENSE, L. Very variable in size. SPOROBOLUS S. vaginaeflorus, Vasey. On the slides near Cliff. CINNA C. pendula, Trin. C. latifolia (Trev.) Griseb. AGROSTIS A. ALBA, L. "A viviparous form occurs," yo»^5, Fl. Vt. A. ALBA, L., var. vulgaris, Thurb. "A small form occurs in cool pastures, sometimes having flowering glume awned ''^ Jones, Fl. Vt. A. scabra, Willd. A. hyemalis (Walt.) B. S. P. A. scabra, Willd., var. montana, Tuckerm. On the ledges at top of the mountain. CALAMAGROSTIS C Canadensis, Beauv. C. Langsdorfii, Trin. H. H. Rusby, 1892 ; vide Revision of Calamagrostis by T. H. Kearney, 1898, p. 27. C. hyperborea, Lange. Booit, 1862. Pringle, 1877. Including C. tnexfatisa of Brainerd, Jones, & Eggieston, Fl. Vt., not Graj', collected by Prof. L. R.Jones, 11 July, 1900. C. hyperborea, Lange, var. Americana, Kearney. C. strtcia, Gray, Man. Ed. 6, in part. The more common form. C. hyperborea, Lange, var. elongata, Kearney, E. (£• C. E. Faxon, 1887, Herb. Gray. io6 Rhodora [June TRISETUM T. subspicatum, Beauv., var. molle , Graj. Mountain slides. AVENA A. striata, Michx. A. sATivA, L. A roadside escape. D. spicata, Beauv. D. compressa, Aust. E. Pennsylvanica, Gray. D. GLOMERATA, L. DANTHONIA EATONIA DACTYLIS POA P. pratensis, L. P. pratensis, L., var. angustifolia, Smith. Jones in Fl. Vt. P. nemoralis, L. P. ANNUA, L. P. serotina, Ehrh. P. Jiava, L. P. alsodes, Gray. Herb. J. R. Churchill. GLYCERIA G. Canadensis, Trin. Panicularia Canadensis (Michx.) Kuntze. G. elongata, Trin. Pafitcularta elongata (Torr.) Kuntze. G. nervata, Trin. Panicularia nervata (Willd.) Kuntze. G. grandis, Watson. Panicularia Americana (Torr.) Mac M. G. pallida, Trin. Panicularia pallida (Torr.) Kuntze. FESTUCA F. ELATIOR, L. F. ELATIOR, L., var. pratensis. Gray. BROMUS B. ciliatus, L. B. secalinus, L. Field opposite the Hotel. LOLIUM L. perenne, L. 1904] Kennedy, — Flora of Willoughby 107 AGROPYRON A. REPENs, Beauv. A. Novae-Angliae, Scrib. Very variable in size of spikelets. A. caninum, R. & S. A. caninum, R. & S., forma caninoides, KamaUey^^de C. W. Swan. SECALE S. CEREALE, L. Rye. Roadside escape. HORDEUM H. vuLGARE, L. Common barley. In old fields. H. VULGARE, L., var. Aegiceras, Aitchis. Roadside south of the Hotel. (Hooker, Flora British India vii. 371, says cultivated under the name "Bald Barley.") ELYMUS E. Canadensis, L. A. Hystrix, Willd. ASPRELLA CYPERACEAE DULICHJUM D. spathaceum, Pers. D. arundinaceutn (L.) Britton. ELEOCHARIS E. obtusa, Schultes. E. palustris, R. Br. E. tenuis, Schultes. E. intermedia. Schultes. Little Pond Bog. E. pygmaea, Torr. Herb. W. Deane, 1885. SCIRPUS S. pauciflorus, Lightf. Eleocharis paucijlora^ Link. S. validus, Vahl. 5. lacustris^ Gray, Man. Ed. 6., not L. S. atrovirens, Muhl. S. rubrotinctus, Fernald. S. Peckii, Britton. S. atrocinctus, Fernald. S. atrocinctus, Fernald, var. brachypodus, Fernald. ERIOPHORUM E. alpinum, L E. polystachyon, L. io8 Rhodora [June E. polystachyon, L., var. latifolium, Gray. E. Virginicum, L. E. gracile, Koch. A. W. Ckeever, 1903. R. alba, Vahl. R. capillacea, Torr. C. mariscoides, Torr. RHYNCHOSPORA CLADIUM CAREX C. intumescens, Rudge. C. rostrata, Stokes. C. utriculata, var. minor, Boott. C. Tuckermani, Dewey. Herbaria of W. Deane and J. R. Churchill, 1885. C. retrorsa, Schwein. C. lurida, Wahl. C. lurida, Wahl., var. gracilis, Bailey. C Baileyi, Britton. C. hystricina, Muhl. C. hystricina, Muhl., var. Dudleyi, Bailey. The species and variety on same plant, G. G. K., 1898. C. scabrata, Schwein. C. filiformis, L. C. striata. Lam. C lenticularis, Michx. C. gynandra, Schwein C. gracillima, Schwein. » C. castanea, Wahl. Meadow by the Four Bridges, 1898. C. arctata, Boott. C. debilis, Michx., var. Rudgei, Bailey. C tenuis, Rudge. C. flava, L. C. flava, L., var. viridula, Bailey. C. viridula Michx. C. pallescens, L. C. vaginata, Tausch. C. saltuensis^ Bailey. C. altocaulis (Dewey) Britton. Swamp between West Burke and Willoughby, Pringle^ 1878, Herb. Gray. C. laxiflora, Lam. C. laxiflora, Lam., var. varians, Bailey. C. laxiflora, Lam., var. patulifolia, Carey. C. plantaginea. Lam. C. platyphylla, Carey. C. aurea, Nutt. C. eburnea, Boott. C setifolia (Dewey) Britton. C. pedunculata, Muhl. C. communis, Bailey. C. fediceUata (Dewey) Britton. C. albicans, Willd. C. deflexa, Hornem. C. scirpoidea, Michx. On the mountain sides and occasionally on Lake roadside. 1904] Kennedy, — Hora of Willoughby 109 C. leptalea Wahl. C. polytrichoides^ Muhl. C. stipata, Muhl. C. teretiuscula, Gooden. Little Pond Bog. C. vulpinoidea, Michx. C. tenella, Schkuhr. C. rosea, Schkuhr, var. minor, Boott. C. rosea, Schkuhr, var. radiata, Dewey. C. stellulata, Gooden., var. angustata, Carey. C. stertlis, Britt. & Brown, in part, not Willd. C. echinata, Murr., var. angustata^ Bailey. C. interior, Bailey. C. canescens, L., var. subloliacea, Laest. C. brunnescens, Poir. C. canescenSy L., var. alficola^ Wahl. C. trisperma, Dewey. C. Deweyana, Schwein. C. bromoides, Schkuhr. C. Bebbii, Olney. C. tribuloides, Wahl., var. reducta, Bailey. C. trihuloides, Wahl., var. moni- liformis (Tuckerm.) Britton. C. cristata, Schwein. C. tribuloides, Wahl., var. cristata, Bailey. C. crista- tclla^ Britton. C. scoparia, Schkuhr. C. scoparia, Schkuhr, var. condensa, Fernald. E. F. Williams, 1894. C. Crawfordii, Fernald. C. mirabilis, Dewey. C. mirabilis, Dewey, var. tincta, Fernald. ARACEAE ARISAEMA A. triphyllum, Torr. In both wet and apparently dry soil. CALLA C. palustris, L. ERIOCAULACEAE ERIOCAULON E. septangulare. Withering. At north end of Lake. JUNCACEAE JUNCUS J. effusus, L. J. bufonius, L. Of all shapes and sizes. J. tenuis, Willd., var. Williamsii, Fernald. J. Dudleyi, Wiegand. J. nodosus, L. no Rhodora [June J. alpinus, Vill. Herb. W. Deane. J. articulatus, L. J. brachycephalus, Buchenau. J. brevicaudatus, Fernald. LUZULA L. parviflora, Desv. L. spadicea^ DC, var. melanocarpa^ Mejer. Juncoides farviflortim (Ehfh.) Coville. L. campestris, DC, var. multiflora, Celakovsky. See Rhodora, vi, 38. LILIACEAE VERATRUM V. viride, Ait. OAKESIA O. sessilifolia, Watson. Uvularia sessilifolia, L. HEMEROCALLIS H. FULVA, L. Roadside. ALLIUM A. tricoccum. Ait. A. ScHOENOPRAsuM, L. 1899, new to New England, the Connecticut River valley plant being the larger var. Stbertcum, Hartm. LILIUM L. TiGRiNUM, Ker. Roadside by an abandoned cellar. ERYTHRONIUM E. Americanum, Ker. CLINTONIA C. borealis, Raf. SMILACINA S. racemosa, Desf. Vagnera racemosa (L.) Morong. S. stellata, Desf. Vagnera stellata (L.) Morong. S. trifolia, Desf. Vagnera trifolia (L.) Morong. Herb. J. R. Churchill. MAIANTHEMUM M. Canadense, Desf. Unifolium Canadense (Desf.) Greene. STREPTOPUS S. amplexifolius, DC. S. roseus, Michx. 1904] Kennedy, — Flora of Willoughby iii P. biflorum, Ell. M. Virginiana, L. POLYGONATUM MEDEOLA TRILLIUM T. erectum, L. T. undulatum, Willd. T. erythrocarpum^ Michx. IRIDACEAE IRIS I. versicolor, L. SISYRINCHIUM S. angustifolium, Mill. ORCHIDACEAE CYPRIPEDIUM C. acaule, Ait. Often with white flowers. C. arietinum, R. Br. Mrs. J. E. W. Tkacher, 1897. C. spectabile, Salisb. C. regmae,VJsi\t. E. & C. E. Faxon, 1887; Herb. Gray. C. pubescens, Willd. C. kirsictufn^ Mill. The C. pubescens of the woods is a different looking plant from the meadow and swamp form, which latter is almost exactly between C. pubescens, Willd. and C. par- vijiorum^ Salisb. ORCHIS. O. spectabilis, L. Found some seasons in profusion and of wonderful beauty. HABENARIA H. Hookeri, Torr. Lystas Hookeriana (Gray) Rydb. Dr. C. A. CAeever, 1903. H. orbiculata, Torr. Lyslas orbiculata (Pursh) Rydb. H. obtusata, Richardson. Lysiclla obtusata (Pursh) Rydb. H. hyperborea, R. Br. Limnorchts hyperborea (L.) Rydb. H. dilatata, Gray. Limnorchts dilatata (Pursh) Rydb. Limnorchts fragrans, Rydb. is hardly to be separated except by its evident fragrance, and perhaps slender form. H. bracteata, R. Br. Coeloglossum bracteatum (Willd.) Pari. H. tridentata, Hook. H. clavellata (Michx.) Spreng. H. psycodes, Gray. Occasional forms approach H. fintbriata, R. Br. but no typical H. Jimbriata has yet been collected. 112 Rhodora D^ne POGONIA P. ophioglossoides, Nutt. SPIRANTHES S. Romanzoffiana, Cham. Gyrostachys Romanzoffiana (Cham.) MacM. S. cernua, Richard. Gyrostachys cerntia (L.) Kuntze. S. gracilis, Bigel. Gyrostachys gracilis (Bigel.) Kuntze. L. convallarioides, Nutt. L. cordata, R. Br. LISTERA GOODYERA. G. repens, R. Br., var. ophioides, Fernald. Peramium refens (L.) Britt. & Brown, not Salisb. G. tesselata, Lodd. MICROSTYLIS M. monophyllos, Lindl. Achroanthes monophylla (L.) Greene. Verv rare ; on the side of Mt. Hor. M. ophioglossoides, Nutt. Achroanthes unifolia (Michx.) Raf. LIPARIS L. Loeselii, Richard. Leptorchis Loeselii (L.) MacM. Meadow, rare. CALYPSO C. borealis, Salisb. C bulbosa (L.) Oakes. In deep and cold cedar swamps. CORALLORHIZA C. innata, R. Br. Two specimens of C. imiata, found June 4, 1901, in dense shade in swampj woods, show the condition known as irregular peloria. In this case a conversion of the petals into normal or nearly normal lips gives a remarkable appearance to the flowering spike. This is more common in cultivated orchids than in wild plants and I have to thank Mr. Oakes Ames for explaining to me the singular anomaly in these specimens. C. multiflora, Nutt. Dicotyledons. JUGLANDACEAE JUGLANS J. cinerea, L. 1904] Kennedy, — Flora of Willoughby 113 MYRICACEAE MYRICA M. Gale, L. SALICACEAE POPULUS P. balsamifera, L. The leaf-bud has a resinous odor of watchmakers' oil rather than the fragrant odor of var. caudicans^ the Balm of Gilead. P. tremuloides, Michx. P. grandidentata, Michx. SALIX S. nigra, Marsh, var. falcata, Torr. North beach on Lake. S. lucida, Muhl. S. purpurea, L. Large clump on roadside towards Chemical Pond. S. rostrata, Richardson. 5. Bebbiana^ Sarg. S. humilis, Marsh. S. discolor, Muhl. S. petiolaris. Smith. On beach at north end of Lake, Miss A. Lorenz. S. cordata, Muhl. S. balsamifera, Barratt. Quite frequent. CUPULIFERAE OSTRYA O. Virginica, Willd. C. rostrata. Ait. CORYLUS BETULA B. alba, L., var. papyrifera, Spach. B. fafyrtfera^ Marsh. B. alba, L., var. cordifolia, Fernald. B. lenta, L. B. lutea, Michx. f. ALNUS A. viridis, DC. A. Alnobe.tula (Ehrh.) K. Koch. Very common. A. incana, Willd. FAGUS F. ferruginea, Ait. F. Americana^ Sweet. QUERCUS Q. rubra, L. On "4th of July " and other slides ; not seen elsewhere. 114 Rhodora [June URTICACEAE ULMUS U. Americana, L. U. fulva, Michx. In the woods at base of the mountain. HUMULUS H. Lupulus, L. At Sutton Road corner. LAPORTEA L. Canadensis, Gaudichaud. Urticastrum divaricatum (L.) Kuntze. ARISTOLOCHIACEAE ASARUM A. Canadense, L. Rare. POLYGONACEAE RHEUM R. Rhapontium, L. In a wild farm pasture, escaped. R. ACETOSELLA, L. R. cRispus, L. R. OBTUSIFOLIUS, L. F. EscuLENTUM, Moench. F. Tataricum, Gaertn. RUMEX FAGOPYRUM POLYGONUM P. Persic ARIA, L. P. Hydropiper, L. , P. aviculare, L. P. Convolvulus, L. P. cilinode, Michx. P. sagittatum, L. CHENOPODIACEAE CHENOPODIUM C. ALBUM, L. C. capitatum, Watson. Blituyn capita'um^ L. Near the tarm-barn. 1904] Kennedy, — Flora of Willoughby 115 AMARANTHACEAE AMARANTHUS A. RETROFLEXus, L. Called Rag-weed and said to have come from the West, thus indicating a comparatively recent introduction. PORTULACACEAE CLAYTONIA C. Caroliniana, Michx. PORTULACA P. OLERACEA, L. CARYOPHYLLACEAE AGROSTEMMA A. GiTHAGO, L. Lychnis Gttkago, Scopoli. SILENE S. CucuBALUs, Wibel. 5. vulgaris (Moench) Garcke. Roadside near Chemical Pond. S. NOCTiFLORA, L. Near Picnic house at Lake. LYCHNIS L. Chalcedonica, L. Escape at Sheffield Landing. SAPONARIA S. officinalis, L. S. Vaccaria, L. Vaccaria Vaccaria (L.) Britton. Herb. Walter Deane, 1885. DIANTHUS D. BARBATUS, L. Escapc. STELLARIA S. media, Cyrill. Alsine media, L. S. GRAMINEA, L. Alsitie gramitiea (L.) Britton. S. boreahs, Bigel. Alsine horealis (Bigel.) Britton. CERASTIUM C. VULGATUM, L. SPERGULA S. ARVENSIS, L. Il6 Rhodora [June NYMPHAEACEAE NUPHAR N. advena, Ait. f. Nymfhaea advena, Soland. N. advena, Ait. f., var. hybridum, Peck. N. advena, Ait. f., var. minus^ Morong. N. minimum, Smith. Nytnphaea Kalmiana (Michx.) Sims. NYMPHAEA N. ODORATA, Ait. Castalia odorata (Drjand.) Woodv. &«Wood.3[Planted in Little Pond. RANUNCULACEAE CALTHA C. palustris, L. In both wet and apparently dry places. COPTIS C. trifolia, Salisb. ACTAEA A. rubra Willd. A. alba, Bigel. Very variable as to pedicels and color of fruit. PAEONIA P. OFFICINALIS, Retz. Persistent in an old orchard. AQUILEGIA A. VULGARIS, L. Roadside escape. ACONITUM A. Napellus, L. An escape on the Newark Road. ANEMONE A. riparia, Fernald. All the Anemone reports from Russell's in 1852 to the present time are now to be referred to Mr. Fernald's A. riparia. HEPATICA H. acutiloba, DC. H. acuta (Pursh) Britton. CLEMATIS C. Virgininana, L. C. verticillaris, DC. Atra^ene Americana, Sims. Occasional. 1904] Kennedy, — Flora of Willoughby 1 1 7 RANUNCULUS R. abortivus, L. R. recurvatus, Poir. R. ACRIS, L. R. repens, L. R. septentrionalis, Poir. R. aquatilis,L., var. trichophyllus, Gray. Batrachium trichopJiyllum (Chaix) Bossch. THALICTRUM T. polygamum, Muhl. '^ BERBERIDACEAE CAULOPHYLLUM C. thalictroides, Michx. In mountain woods. PAPAVERACEAE SANGUINARIA S. Canadensis, L. Rare. DICENTRA D. Cucullaria, DC. Bicuculla Cucullaria (L.) Millsp. In mountain woods. D. Canadensis, DC. Bicuculla Canadensis (Goldie) Millsp. On the mountain. CRUCIFERAE LEPIDIUM L. VlRGIJ^ICUM, L. SISYMBRIUM S. OFFICINALE, ScOp. BRAYA B. humilis, Robinson. Sisymbrium /tumilcMeytr. Probably from its abun- dance on the Cliffs the Arabis lyrata of Mr. Russell's 1852 List. BRASSICA B. juNCEA, Cosson. B. SiNAPisTRUM, Boiss. B. arvensis (L.) B. S. P. B. CAMPESTRIS, L. RAPHANUS R. Raphanistrum, L. ii8 Rhodora [Juxe BARBAREA B. STRiCTA, Andrz. B. vulgaris^ Gray, Man. Ed. 6, in part. NASTURTIUM N. terrestre, R. Br. N. palustre, DC. Roripa falustris (L.) Bess. N. OFFICINALE, R. Br. Roripa Nasturtium (L.) Rusby. N. Armoracia, Fries. Roripa Armoracia (L.) A. S. Hitchcock. Fruiting specimen in Herb. J. R. ChurchiH. CARDAMINE C. Pennsylvanica, Muhl. DENTARIA D. diphylla, L. Quite variable as to foliage, but always with the dipkylla rootstock. CAPSELLA C. BuRSA-PASTORis, Moench. Very variable in size and foliage. DRABA D. incana, L. D. incana, L., var. arabisans, Watson. DROSERACEAE DROSERA D. rotundifolia, L. CRASSULACEAE SEDUM S. Telephium, L. Escape by edge of woods, Cheney Place. S. ACRE, L. On old wall. SAXIFRAGACEAE . SAXIFRAGA S. oppositifolia, L. Common on the cliffs. ' S. aizoides, L. On the cliffs. S. Aizoon, Jacq. On the upper portions of cliffs. S. Virginiensis, Michx. TIARELLA T. cordifolia, L. [904] Kennedy, — Flora of Willoughby 119 MITELLA M. nuda, L. CHRYSOSPLENIUM C. Americanum, Schwein. PARNASSIA P. Caroliniana, Michx. In wet pastures. RIBES R. Cynosbati, L. R. oxyacanthoides, L. R. lacustre, Poir. R. prostratum, L'Her. R. floridum, L'H^r. R. albinervium, Michx. R. rubrum^ L., var. subglandulosum^ Maxim. R. rubrtim, Britt. & Brown, in part, not L. ROSACEAE SPIRAEA S. latifolia, Borkh. S. saltcifolia. Gray, Man. Ed. 6, in part, not L. S. tomentosa, L. RUBUS R. odoratus, L. R. Idaeus, L., var. strigosus, Maxim. R. strigosus^ Michx. R. occidentalis, L. Herb. Walter Deane, 1885; not common. R. triflorus, Richardson. R. Americanus (Pers.) Britton. R. setosus, Bigel. R. Canadensis, L. R. Milhpaughii, Britton. DALIBARDA D. repens, L. Not common. FRAGARIA F. Virginiana, Mill. F. Americana, Britton. F. vesca, Gray, Man. Ed. 6, in great part. POTENTILLA P. Norvegica, L. P. Monspeliensts, L. Variable. P. fruticosa, L. Not common. P. Canadensis, L. A plant reported under this name was probably P. simplex^ Michx. 120 Rhodora (June GEUM G. rivale, L. G. strictum. Ait. AGRIMONIA A. striata, Michx. A. Brittoniana^ Bickn. ROSA R. blanda, Ait. On the cliffs, and rocky roadside. R. Carolina, L., var. setigera, Crdpin. In wet wood road. PYRUS P. Americana, DC. Sorbus Americana, Marsh. P. Sitchensis, Piper. P. sambucifolia. Gray, Man. Ed. 6, not Cham. & Schl. Sorbus sanibncifolia, Britt. & Brown, not Roem. P. Malus, L. Growing wild in many places. P. arbutifolia, L., var. melanocarpa, Hook. Aronia nigra (Willd.) Britton. Rare, Marl Pond bog. A, oligocarpa, Roem. AMELANCHIER CRATAEGUS C. media, Sarg. C. flabellata, Bosc. PRUNUS P. nigra. Ait. P. Pennsylvanica, L. f. Very variable in size of tree and fruit. P. Virgininana, L. P. serotina, Ehrh. LEGUMINOSAE MELILOTUS M. ALBA, Desr. T. PRATENSE, L. T. INCARNATUM, L. T. HYBRIDUM, L. T. REPENS, L. T. AGRARIUM, L. TRIFOLIUM ROBINIA R. viscosA, Vent. Roadside tree near Sheffield Landing. 1904] Kennedy, — Flora of Willoughby 121 ASTRAGALUS A. Blakei, Eggleston. Common on the slides and down to Lake roadside ; different from A. Robbinsii, Gray. HEDYSARUM H. boreale, Nutt. H. Americana (Michx.) Britton. On the slides. OXALIDACEAE OXALIS O. Acetosella, L. 0. cymosa, Small. O. cornicula and O. striata of authors in part, not L. LINACEAE LINUM L. usiTATissiMUM, L. In field, EUPHORBIACEAE EUPHORBIA E, Cyparissias, L. CALLITRICHACEAE CALLITRICHE C. verna, L. C. palustris, L. ANACARDIACEAE RHUS R. typhina, L. /?. kirta (L.) Sudvv. R. Toxicodendron, L. R. radicans, L. Only on the mountain slides. AQUIFOLIACEAE ILEX 1. verticillata, Gray. NEMOPANTHUS N. fascicularis, Raf. Iliciodes inucronata (L.) Britton. CELASTRACEAE CELASTRUS C. scandens, L. Not common. 122 Rhodora [June ACERACEAE ACER A. rubrum, L. A. Saccharum, Marsh. A. saccharinum, Wang., not L. A. nigrum, Michx. Said to grow at the north end of the lake. A, Pennsylvanicum, L. A. spicatum, Lam. BALSAMINACEAE IMPATIENS I. biflora, Walt. I.ftdva, Nutt. I. aurea, Muhl. /. pallida, Nutt. Only on Mt. Hor side of the Lake. RHAMNACEAE RHAMNUS R. alnifolia, L'Hdr. In wet pastures. VITACEAE VITIS V. vulpina, L. Abundant on the mountain slides. AMPELOPSIS A. quinquefolia, Michx. Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. TILIACEAE TILIA T. Americana, L. MALVACEAE MALVA M. Alcea, L. Garden escape, Newark Road. M. MoscHATA, L. Frequent on Long Pond Road. HYPERICACEAE HYPERICUM H. PERFORATUM, L. H. maculatum, Walt. H. boreale, Bickn. H. mutilum, L. 1904J Kennedy, — ^ Flora of Willoughby 123 H. Canadense, L. H. Virginicum, L. Elodes camfiannlata^ Pursh. Triadenum Virginicum (L.) Raf. VIOLACEAE VIOLA V. cucullata, Ait. V. venustula, Greene. Wet places on the slides. President Brainerd writes. that this is hardlj distinct from V. affinis^ Le Conte. V. Selkirkii, Pursh. Verj variable ; in more or less shaded places. V. blanda, Willd. V. amoena, Le Conte. V. blanda, var. palustrifonnis^ Gray. V. renifolia, Gray. V. rottrndifolia, Michx. , V. pubescens, Ait. V. scabriuscula, Schwein. V. Canadensis, L. V. conspersa, Reichenb. V. cantha,L., var. Muhlenbergii^ Gray, Man, Ed. 6. V. TRICOLOR, L. Well established in various places. THYMELACEAE DIRCA D. palustris, L. On the big slide. ONAGRACEAE EPILOBIUM E. angustifolium, L. Chamaenerion atigustifolium (L.) Scop. E. lineare, Muhl. E. strictum, Muhl. E. coloratum, Muhl. E. adenocaulon, Haussk. OENOTHERA O. biennis, L. Onagra biennis (L.) Scop. O. pumila, M. Kneiffia puinila (L.) Spach. CIRCAEA C. Lutetiana, L. Rare. E. F. Williams, 1894. C. alpina, L. HALORRHAGIDACEAE HIPPURIS H. vulgaris, L. Deep brook in swamp ; submerged form. 124 Rhodora (June ARALIACEAE ARALIA A. racemosa, L. A. nudicaulis, L. A. hispida, Vent. PANAX P. quinquefolium, L. Aralia quinquefolia, Dec. & PI. Rare. UMBELLIFERAE HERACLEUM H. lanatum, Michx. P. SATivA, L. Escape. S. Marylandica, L. PASTINACA SANICULA OSMORRHIZA O. brevistylis, DC. Washingtonia Claytoni (Michx.) Britton. ZIZIA Z. aurea, Koch. Very common. LEVISTICUM L. OFFICINALE, Koch. Old garden on deserted farm near Green Tunnel. CARUM C. Carui, L. Very common. CICUTA C. bulbifera, L. Little Pond bog. HYDROCOTYLE H. Americana, L. CORNACEAE CORNUS C. Canadensis, L. C. circinata, L'Her. C. stolonifera, Michx. Not so common as would be expected. C. alternifolia, L. f. 1904] Kennedy, — Flora of Willoughby 125 ERICACEAE PYROLA P. chlorantha, Swartz. P. elliptica, Nutt. P. rotundifolia, var. uliginosa, Gray. Little Pond Bog. P. uliginosa, Torr. P. asarifolia, Michx. Lake roadside, 1901. P. secunda, L. P. secunda, L., var. pumila, Gray. MONESES M. grandiflora, Salisb. M. unijlora (L.) Gray. CHIMAPHILA C. umbellata, Nutt. . MONOTROPA M. uniflora, L. M. Hypopitys, L. Hypopilys Hyfopitys (L.) Small. KALMIA K. angustifolia, L. • Not common. K. glauca, Ait. LEDUM L. Groenlandicum, Oeder. L. latifoliiim. Ait. Not common. RHODODODENDRON R. Rhodora, Don. Rhodora Canadensis., L. Rare. , ANDROMEDA A. glaucophylla, Link. A large patch in dry field. A. polifoha of Am. authors in part, not L. CHAMAEDAPHNE C. calyculata, Moench. Cassandra calycnlata., Don. Common. EPIGAEA E. repens, L. Many people have noticed in the early autumn a sweet odor in the woods and have usually tried to find a late blossoming Epigaea or Linnaea as its source ; but it is probably the Fragrant Fungus, Lentinus 1 26 Rhodora [June snavisstvins. Fries, a species identified for me by Prof. W. G. Farlow and occurring on willows, but observed by me at Willoughby on the comnion alder, Alnus incana^ Willd. GAULTHERIA G. procumbens, L. Not common. VACCINIUM V. Canadense, Kalm. Not common. V. Vitis-Idaea, L., var. minus, Loddiges. This interesting plant, recorded in Vermont only from the summits of Mansfield and Camel's Hump mountains, has increased its area at Willoughby since I first noticed it on June 4th, 1901. V. Oxycoccus, L., var. intermedium, Gray. Oxycoccus Oxycoccus (L.) MacM. CHIOGENES C. serpyllifolia, Salisb. C. hhpidula (L.) T. & G. PRIMULACEAE PRIMULA • P. Mistassinica, Michx. Abundant on the ledges of the mountain and spreading in many wet fields. LYSIMACHIA L. striata, Ait. L. terreUris (L.) B. S. P. L. thyrsiflora, L. Naumbergia thyrsijiora (L.) Duby. Sheffield Landing. S. ciliatum, Raf. STEIRONEMA TRIENTALIS T. Americana, Pursh. OLEACEAE SYRINGA S. vulgaris, L. Common on the roadside. FRAXINUS F. Americana, L. F. nigra, Marsh. F. siunbiicifolia^ Lam. i90zj] Kennedy, — Flora of Willoughby 127 GENTIANACEAE GENTIANA G. linearis, Froel. In one meadow onlj. MENYANTHES M. trifoliata, L. Rare. APOCYNACEAE VINCA V. MINOR, L. Abundant in one place in cold swamp near outlet of lake. A strange habitat. APOCYNUM A. medium, Greene. A. cannabinum, L. Including the var. glaberrimum, DC ASCLEPIADACEAE ASCLEPIAS A. Syriaca, L. A. Cornuti^ Dec. CONVOLVULACEAE CONVOLVULUS C. sepium, L. BORAGINACEAE MYOSOTIS M. palustris, Withering. Not common. LABIATAE SCUTELLARIA S. lateriflora, L. S. galericulata, L. NEPETA N. Glechoma, Benth. Glecoma hcderacea^ L. Old cellar wall by roadside. LAMIUM L. MACULATUM, L. A. W. Cheevcr, 1903. 128 Rhodora [June PRUNELLA P. vulgaris, L. GALEOPSIS G. Tetrahit, L. Flowers often white. LEONURUS L. Cardiaca, L. STACHYS S. palustris, L. Miss A. Lorenz, 1900. MONARDA M. DiDYMA, L. On Newark road ; an escape. CALAMINTHA C. Clinopodium, Benth. Clinopodium vulgare^ L. LYCOPUS L, sinuatus, Ell. L. Americanus, Muhl. L. rubellus, Moench. L. uniflorus, Michx. L. Virghiictcs, in part, of authors. MENTHA M. viRiDis, L. M. spicata, L. In one place in a wet field. M. PIPERITA, L. M. arvensis, L. M. arvensis, L., var. Canadensis, Briquet. M. Canadensisy L. SOLANACEAE PHYSALIS P. heterophylla, Nees. P. Virginiana, Gray Man. Ed. 6, not Mill. SCROPHULARIACEAE VERBASCUM V. Thapsus, L. LINARIA L. vulgaris, Mill. L. Linaria (L.) Karst. CHELONE C. glabra, L. 1904 J Kennedy, — Flora of Willoughby 129 VERONICA V. LONGiFOLiA, L. On roadside near Long Pond. V. Americana, Schw. Y. serpyllifolia, L., var. borealis, Laestad. LENTIBULARIACEAE UTRICULARIA U. cornuta, Michx. U. clandestina, Nutt. Little Pond, 1896. U. intermedia, Hayne. OROBANCHACEAE OROBANCHE O. uniflora, L. Thalesia uniflora (L.) Britton. Afhyllon untjlorum^ Gray. In great abundance in 1898 on Lake roadside, but not noted before or since. EPIPHEGUS E. Virginiana, Bart. Leptatnnium Virginianum (L.) Raf. Common in beech woods. PLANT AGIN ACE AE PLANTAGO P. MAJOR, L. Often with leafy spikes, as noticed also in Canada. P. MAJOR, L., var. minima, Dec. Very small and slender and of various forms. P. Rugelii, Dec. P. LANCEOLATA, L. Not common. RUBIACEAE MITCHELLA M. repens, L. G. lanceolatum, Torr. G. trifiorum, Michx. G. trifidum, L. G. Claytoni, Michx. G. asprellum, Michx. GALIUM CAPRIFOLIACEAE SAMBUCUS S. Canadensis, L. S. racemosa, L. 5. pttbens, Michx. 130 khodora [June VIBURNUM V. alnifolium, Marsh. V. lantanoides, Michx. Abundant. V. Opulus, L. Not common. V. cassinoides, L. Not common. * LINNAEA L. borealis, L. L. Americana, Forbes. SYMPIIORICARPOS S. RACEMosus, Michx. Escape bj roadside. LONICERA L. caerulea, L. L. oblongifolia, Muhl. L. Canadensis, Marsh. L. ciliata, Muhl. DIERVILLA D. trifida, Moench. D. Diervilla (L.) MacM. CUCURBITACEAE ECHINOCYSTIS E. LOBATA, T. & G. Micrampelt's lobata (Michx.) Greene. Near the Hotel in field. CAMPANULACEAE (incl. Lobeliaceae) CAMPANULA C. rotundifolia, L. C. RAPUNCULOiDES, L. Long Pond road. LOBELIA L. Dortmanna, L. At north end of Lalce. L. inflata, L. L. Kalmii, L. On the slides and in wet fields. COMPOSITAE EUPATORIUM E. maculatum, L. E. perfoliatum, L. E. ageratoides, L. This seems to be E. boreale, Greene. 1904] Kennedy, — Flora of Willoughby 131 SOLIDAGO S. latifolia, L. S.Jiexicaulis, L. S. bicolor, L. S. bicolor L., var. concolor, T. & G. vS. hispida, Muhl. Very abundant and the most noticeable roadside golden-rod. S. macrophylla, Pursh. In woods on the mountain. S. Virgaurea, L., var. Randii, Porter. S. Virgaurea, L., var. monticola, Porter. S. Virgaurea, L., var. Redfieldii, Porter. S. Virgaurea, L., betw. var. Randii & var. Redfieldii. S. Virgaurea, L., betw. var. Randii & var. monticola. The varieties of 6\ Virgaurea generally in exposed sunnj situations. S. humilis, Pursh. 5'. Purskii, Porter. S. uliginosa, Nutt. S. rugosa. Mill. S. Canadensis, L., var. glabrata, Porter. S. nemoralis, Ait. S. lanceolata, L. Riithamia gratninifolia (L.) Nutt. E RIG E RON E. hyssopifolius, Michx. On the slides. E. bellidifolius, Muhl. E. ptilchellus,Mic\\^. E. Philadelphicus, L. E. annuus, Pers. E. strigosus, Muhl. E. ramosus (Walt.) B. S. P. E. Canadensis, L. Leptilon Canadense (L.) Britton. ASTER A. divaricatus, L. A. corymbosus, Ait. A. macrophyllus, L. A. cordifolius, L. A. polyphyllus, Wilid. A. Faxoni^ Porter. On the mountain ledges and even down to the roadside. A. diffusus, Ait. A. later ijiortis (L.) Britton. A. diffusus, Ait., var. hirsuticaulis, Gray. A. paniculatus, Lam. A. paniculatus, Lam., var. lanatus, Fernald, n. var. " Stem i m. high, white- villous or -lanate : leaves elongate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, i to 1.5 dm. long, I to 1.5 cm. wide, scabrous above, glabrous beneath or slightly pubescent on the midribs, sharply serrate, as in 7e<3^ &, Q ^^£~ 9 ^ ^ LIBBABY, COLLEGE OT AGRIOULTTTBB, DAVIS FNIVBRSITY OF OALIFOENIA TrcTT^ S!Sk