HISTORY OF NORWICH UNIVERSITY 1819-1911 " To the silver-headed veteran Who slumbers cabn and low, West Pointers join the chorus From the everglades and snow; We'll crown wdth brighter memories As onward stiU we go, Our stern old foimder's cognomen In the Old South Barracks, oh!' —Kent. CAi'TAIN ALDEN PARTRIDGE, U. S. A. Founder of Norwich University. Norwich University 1819-1911 Her History, Her Graduates, Her Roll of Honor Published by MAJOR-GENERAL GRENVILLE M. DODGE, C. E., A. M., LL.D. Compiled and Edited by WILLIAM AREA ELLIS, B. S., A. M. IN THREE VOLUMES VOL. 1. GENERAL HISTORY, 1819-191 L Montpelier, Vt. THE CAPITAL CITY PRESS I9II Copyright, 1911 By Grenville M. Dodge and William A. Ellis. m yi TO CAPTAIN ALDEN PARTRIDGE, U. S. A., Distinguished Soldier and Educator, THE FOUNDER OF THE AMERICAN LITERARY, SCIENTIFIC AND MILITARY ACADEMY AND ITS SUCCESSOR, NORWICH UNIVERSITY, WHO UNSELFISHLY DEVOTED HIS LIFE AND ENERGIES TO THE CAUSE OF MILITARY AND SCIENTIFIC EDUCATION AND THE DEVELOP- MENT OF A CITIZEN-SOLDIERY, THIS VOLUME IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED. *CONTENTS. Introductory Page __________ i Dedicatory Page --___--____ vii Author's Introduction -_-------- xiii List of Illustrations ----__--_- xvii Index of University Officials -------_ 577 Index of Alumni and Past Cadets ------- 579 Index of Honorary Graduates -------- 594 Index of Persons Other than Cadets ______ 594 General Index ----------- 597 Chapter I. The American Literary, Scientific and Military Academy, 1819-1834 -_-__-_--_ 1-71 The Academy Founded — Notes on Captain Partridge's Work — Erection of the First Building — Supplementary Announce- ment of the Academy — Account of the Enrollment — Faculty— Courses of Study — Military Lectures — Text Books Used — Military Organization of the Corps — Uni- forms^Equipment — Marches — Vacations — Expenses — "The Commons" — Athletics — Societies, the Polemic and the Franklin — Oratorical Contests and Prizes — Cadet Band — Deaths of Cadets — Removal to Middletown — Opposition TO Chartering of the Academy — Change of Management — The Preparatory School in Norwich — Return to Norwich — Account of the Association for the Promotion of Useful Education. Chapter II. Norwich University, 1834-43 - - - - 72-90 The University Chartered — Faculty — Entrance Requirements- Departments of Instruction — Courses of Study — Library — Text Books Used— Military Regulations — Marches — Expenses — Athletics — Commons — Theatricals — Literary Societies — "N. U." and Dartmouth Feuds — Commence- ments — Military Conventions — Ladies' Seminary Founded — President Partridge Resigns — Truman B. Ransom Elected President *Note: For list of abbreviations and explanations of symbols see Roster in Vol. III. X. CONTENTS. PAQE Chapter III. Norwich University, 1844-46 - - - - 91-102 President Ransom Assumes the Duties of President — Captain Partridge Leases the University Property — New Location Secured in Norwich — Settlement With Captain Partridge — Faculty — Attendance — Course of Study — Text Books — Preparatory Department — Vacations — Marches — Societies — Expenses — Commencements — Old University Banner Presented— President Ransom Resigns — War With Mexico. Chapter IV. Norwich University, 1846-66 - - - - 103-141 Administrations of Presidents Butler and Wheaton — Mexican War — Edward Bourns Elected President — Faculty — Attendance— Courses of Study — Text Books — Library — Requirements for Admission — Terms — Vacations — Military Organization — Uniforms — State Loan of Arms — Marches — Expenses • — Societies — Clubs — Reveille Founded — Dart- mouth Feuds — Reminiscenses — Commencements — Attempt at Removal of "N. U." — Educational Conventions — Civil War — Old South Barracks Burned — Removal to North- field. Chapter V. Norwich University, 1866-80 - - - - 142-173 The Removal to Northfield— Location of Site — Land Deeded — The Erection of Jackman Hall — -Paine Block used for a Barracks — Cadets from Norwich — Laying of the Corner Stone — Opening of the University on the Hill — Adminis- trations OF Presidents Walker, Howard, Douglass, and Curtis — Uncle "Jim" Secured as Armorer — Perley Belk- nap Litigation — Death of Professor Bourns and General Jackman— Faculty — Attendance — Entrance Requirements — Courses of Study — Text Books — Library — Preparatory Department — Vacations — Military Organization — Service Calls — Uniforms — Expenses — The Commons — Athletics — Fraternities — Clubs — "The Reveille" — Church Attend- ance — Commencements. Chapter VI. Lewis College, 1880-84 ------ 174-187 Critical Period — Colonel Lewis Offers Aid — Legislative Act — Change op Name of the University — Colonel Lewis' Let- ter — Belknap Litigation — State Aid — Old Name of the University Restored — Faculty — Entrance Requirements — Courses of Study — Expenses — Athletics — Reveille — Jun- ior Exhibitions — Graduating Exercises — Drills — Hops. Chapter VII. Norwich University, 1885-1911 - - - -188-323 Restoration of the Old Name, Norwich University — Prepara- tory Department — Resignation of Professor Dole — ^Profes- sor Waite, Executive Officer — Course of Study Enlarged^- CONTENTS. XI. PAGE Detail of an Akmy Officer — Professor Brill Appointed Superintendent — Boston Alumni Association — Mess Hall — Endowment Fund — Belknap Litigation — Dodge Hall — President Lewis Resigns — State Aid — New York Alumni Association — General O. O. Howard Becomes a Trustee — Purchase of Land — Adverse Legislative Bill — Adminis- tration OF President Brown — Battle of Manila Bay — Board of Visitors Appointed — The Dewey Hall — Dewey Celebration in Northfield — Scholarships Founded — Dodge Fund — Drill Hall — Dewey Day — Alumni Hall — Administration of President Spooner — Carnegie Hall — Weather Bureau Building — Faculty — Attendance — En- trance Requirements — Courses of Study — Text Books — Degrees — Prizes and Medals — Library — Museum and Reading Room — Summer Schools — Military Organization — Uniforms — Encampments and Marches — Austin Trophy — Expenses — Athletics — Fraternities and Clubs — Debates — Sheldon Contests — Musical Clubs — Cadet Band — Religi- ous Work — Baccalaureate Sermons — Class Day Exer- cises — Junior Exhibitions — Graduating Exercises — Cor- poration Dinners — Commencement - Drills — Concerts — Hops. Chapter VIII. Record of the Alumni and Past Cadets in Civil Life ---------_---_ 324-394 Clergymen — Teachers — Lawyers — Judges — Senators — Cong- ressmen — U. S. Ministers and Consuls — Postmasters — Governors and Lieutenant-Governors — State Senators and Representatives — Chemists, Druggists and Physicians — Dentists — Civil Engineering Work — Inventors — Mer- chants AND Business Men — Salesmen — Insurance Men — Hotel Proprietors — Bankers — Manufacturers — Lumber- men — Farmers — Planters and Ranchmen — Quarrymen — Sailors and Sea Captains — Artists, Authors and Editors — Orators and Lecturers — Libr.arians — Service with Secret Societies. Chapter IX. The Military Service of the Alumni and Past Cadets of Norwich University ------- 395^83 The Purpose of the Academy — History of Military Schools Founded by Captain Partridge and Norwich Men — Black Hawk War — Seminole War — Mexican War — Civil War — Spanish-AmericaNj War — Service in the U. S. Army and Navy — Foreign Service — Roll of Honor — Service in the State Militia. Xll. CONTENTS. PAGE Chapter X. History of Fraternities, Alumni Associations AND University Publications ------- 484-541 Introduction — The Regulators — ^Fraternities — Commons Club- The General Alumni Association and the New York, Boston, Vermont and St. Louis Associations — University Owl — Reveille — War Whoop — The Record. Chapter XL "N. U." Songs and Poems - - - - - -542-557 The Old South Barracks, Oh — Hurrah for Old "N. U." — The Death op Col. Truman B. Ransom — Alma Mater Old "N. U. ' My Alma Mater — The Heroes of "N. U.' ' — ^To the Colors — Norwich. Chapter XIL " N. U." Charter and Legislative Acts - 558-575 AUTHOR'S INTRODUCTION This work is a continuation of the Historj^ of the University, pubhshed in 1898 by Mr. W. A. Ellis of the class of 1897. The first work was begun in 1894, when he was elected alumni editor of the Reveille. From 1898, until 1907, he collected material on the alumni and past cadets and on the general history of the University; and in 1907, lie undertook to publish a supple- mentary volume. Not receiving sufficient financial support to guarantee the publication, the work was temporarilj^ abandoned. In December, 1908, Gen. G. M. Dodge of the class of 1851, became interested in the work and made arrangements with Mr. Ellis to complete the history. On January 1, 1909, the work of compiling the history was actively begun. The printing was begun in December, 1910 and completed in November, 1911. It was at first planned to publish the general history of the University, and the sketches of the cadets from 1820 to date, omitted from the first edition, and issue the work in one volume. But as the work progressed, it became necessary to revise the sketches appearing in the first volume and issue the work in two volumes — Volume I to contain the sketches of the cadets from 1820 to 1866 and Volume II from 1867 to date. As the compila- tion was continued, it became evident, owing to the great mass of material collected, that it would be impossible to publish the work in two volumes. So the plan of publication was again changed to issue the work in three vol- umes, in its present form : Volume I, being the general history of the Univer- sity; Volume II, sketches of alumni and past cadets, 1820-66; Volume III, sketches of alumni, past cadets and under-graduates, 1866-1915. The data collected in compiling this work will be placed in the University library for preservation. A systematic canvass of the alumni, past cadets, and friends of the University has been made in the effort to make the work complete. Fully 50,000 letters have been written, and so far as possible, all the data received has been carefully verified. It is earnestly desired that all persons noting errors or omissions in the History will send the corrections to the Historian. Only those who have engaged in genealogical research, can appreciate the im- mense amount of work in tracing the cadets, many of whom were born over one hundred years ago. An elTort was made to secure cuts of all the gradu- ates and the past cadets of two year's attendance at the University; and it is with regret, that it was found impossible to carry out the plan. In many cases portraits of thejcadets have not been preserved and in many others, the absence of the cuts, is explained^by the indifference of the descendents and relatives of the old students. During 1844-53, a mihtary school was conducted in Norwich, by Captain Partridge and his cadets, so far as known, are included in this work. During 1861-63, fully one hundred men studied Mihtary Drill and Tactics at the Uni- versity and unfortunately, the University authorities did not keep a roster XIV. AUTHOR S INTRODUCTION. of these men. The names of the men in the old catalogues were not always given in full; and in many cases the catalogues gave different initials for the same men. An immense amount of time has been spent in verifying these names. Ti'ips have been made to Norwich, Vt., Middletown, Conn., and other towns and data collected from the old residents in regard to the Institu- tion. Newspaper files for the years 1820-66, have been consulted in the State Library in MontpeUer and in Middletown, Conn., for data. The Historian and Publisher are under deep obligations to many persons for assistance in collecting data for this history. Much valuable data has been received from the historical notes on the University preserved by Wil- liam G. Brooks, '24, Edwin F. Johnson, '25, Joseph D. Allen, '25, George M. Totten, '26, Hon. Gideon Welles, '26, Gen. George W. Balloch, '47, Col. Henry O. Kent, '54, Capt. Charles A. Curtis, U. S. A., '61, Maj. Henry E. Alvord, '63, and Prof. John B. Joshnson, '79. Mr. William R. Cutter, '68, for many years, librarian of the Woburn (Mass.) Public Library has given the Historian much valuable advice and as- sistance in compiling the history. Acknowledgement for articles furnished for the work is as follows: Rev. Homer White, trustee of the University for his "Heroes of N. U.", Vol. I, page 550: poems by Col. H. O. Kent, '54, Vol. I, Chapter XI; Charles N. Kent, '64 and Howard F. Hill, '67, account of the service of the corps of cadets at Newport, Vt., in October, 1864, Vol. I, pages 416-421; Rear- Admiral George P. Colvocoresses, U. S. N., '66, The Battle of Manila Bay, Vol. I, pages 427-438; J. Albert Hoknes, '95, History of the Theta Chi Fraternity, Vol. I, page 488; Myron R. Hurlbut,'67, George D. Thomas, '76, Roy L. Andrews, '09, and Prof. Carl V. Woodbury for poems in Chapter XI, Vol. I. Captain H. V. Partridge of Norwich, Vt., son of Captain Alden Partridge, U. S. A., founder of "N. U.", has given much assistance in the work in con- sulting data preserved by his father and in tracing the old cadets; Congress- man Frank Plumley, of Northfield, trustee of the University, has been un- tiring in his assistance to make the work complete. Col. Heman W. Allen of Burlington, generously furnished the cuts of Col. F. V. Randall, Col. W. D. Munson. '54, and Pomeroy Loomis, '56. Mr. William 0. Hart of New Orleans, treasurer of the Louisiana State Historical Society, has given much assis- tance in tracing cadets from that State; Mr. J. L. Gillis, librarian of the Cal- ifornia State Library, has rendered much assistance in tracing cadets, early settlers, in that State; Frank F. Starr, the distinguished genealogist of Mid- dletown, Conn., in tracing cadets from that State. Prof. Charles Dole, '69, vice-president of the University, has carefully read the proof of the general history of the University, 1866-1911. Prof. Edward S. Holden, librarian of the United States Military Academy, West Point and Prof. A. N. Brown, librarian of the United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, have given valuable aid in tracing the cadets, who later graduated from the National Academies. Brig.-Gcneral Fred C. Ainsworth, U. S. A., chief of the Record and Pension Office, Washington, D. C, has rendered valuable assistance in tracing cadets, who served in the volunteer and regular armies. Prof. J. G. de Roulhac Ham- ilton of the Department of History, University of North CaroUna, has assisted in tracing cadets from that State and the South. Acknowledgement is due Harper & Bros., for the permission of copying the cuts of the battle of Manila Bay, and the map of the harbor of Manila, AUTHOR S INTRODUCTION. XV. appearing in the Harper's Weekly. James Drummond Ball of Boston kindly furnished the engraving of his famous_painting of the battle of Gettysburg for the cut on page 406, Vol. I Others who have assisted in the work are: Gen. Elliott T. Dill, adjutant- general of Maine; Rev. J. L. Sherwood, D. D., Keene, N H.; Rev. Howard F. Hill, D. D., Concord, N. H.; Henry Child, historian, Cornish, N. H.; Miss Edith S. Freeman, librarian. New Hampshire State Historical Society; Arthur M. Chase, State librarian. Concord, N. H.; Gen. Harry B. Cilley, adjutant- general of New Hampshire; Mrs. Mary S. Ide, librarian, Fiske Free Library, Claremont, N. H.; Hon. Samuel E Pingree, Hartford, Vt.; Charles E. Allen, Burlington, Vt.; Col. Kittredge Haskins and Mrs. Charles Akeley, Brattle- boro, Vt.; Gen. L. G. Kingsley, '56, Rutland, Vt.; Mrs. O. O. Jaquith, libra- rian of the Norman WilUams Library, Woodstock, Vt.; Mr. J. K. Egerton, Northfield, Vt.; Solon F. Frary, '38, Strafford, Vt.; P. S. Howes, '96 of Mont- pelier; Mrs. Ora A. George Flint, Worcester, Mass.; Gen. WilUam N. Brigham, adjutant-general of Massachusetts; Prof. WilHam James, librarian of Weslej^an University and Miss Laura F. Philbrook, librarian of the Russell Library, Middletown, Conn.; Charles Collard Adams, Cromwell, Conn.; Francis B. Trowbridge and Dr. G. Totten McMaster, New Haven, Conn.; Gen. W. B. Landus, adjutant-general of Connecticut; Frederick B. Richards, Glens Falls, N. Y.; John B. Ireland, New York city; Edward McC. Peters, '80, Brooklyn, N. Y.; Gen. W. W. H. Davis, '42, Doylestown, Pa.; Thomas B. Donaldson, secretary and treasurer of the University of Pennsylvania Alumni Association, Philadelphia, Pa.; W.A.Clark, Columbia, S. C; Mr. A. C. Moore, secretary of the University of South Carolina Alumni Association, Columbia, S. C; W. C. Benton, ^liddlebm-g, Va.; Judge Henry C. Cormor, Wilson, N.C.; Prof. R. D. W. Connor, Raleigh, N. C; Dr. K. P. Battle, Chapel Hill, N. C; Judge Henry R. Bryan, Newbern, N. C; Miles O. Sherrill, State librarian, Raleigh, N. C; Louis A. Clark, St. Mary's Ga.; Charles S. Wylly, Brunswick, Ga.; Prof. Thomas M. Owen, director of the State Department of Archives and History, Montgomery, Ala.; Hon. O. H. Leland, '54, McGregor, Texas; Texas State Historical Society; Hon. A. W. Wills, postmaster, Nashville, Tenn.; Otis S. Tenney, '45, Lexington, Ky.; Hon. ^ATiittlesey Adams, Warren, Ohio; G. A. Hyde, Cleveland, Ohio; Michigan State Historical Society; Illi- nois State Historical Society; Gen. George W. McCoy, adjutant-general of IlUnois; Mr. Reuben G. Thwaites, secretary of the Wisconsin State Historical Society, Madison, Wis.; Gen. C. R. Boardman, adjutant-general of Wiscon- sin; D. J. Whittemore, chief engineer of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul R. R., Milwaukee, Wis.; The Historical Department of the State of Iowa; Gen. William H. Thrift, adjutant-general of Iowa; Gen. S. M. Preston, '45, Seattle, Wash. The Historian especially acknowledges the faithful and efficient services of his assistants in the work: Miss C. Kate Story, Miss Dotie Potter, Miss Hazel M. Holt, and Miss Clara F. Williams, The following papers have generously advertised for cadets: The Burlington, (Vt.) Free Press; The United Opinion, Bradford, Vt.; Fayette- ville, (N. C.) Daily Observer; Richmond, (Va.) Dispatch and Times; New Orleans, (La.) Picayune; ^Mobile (Ala.) Register; Essex (N. Y.) Record; Super- ior, (Wis.) Telegram; The Evening Star, Plattsburg, N. Y.; Fort Edward, (N. Y.) Advertiser; Utica (N. Y.) Daily Press; Boston (Mass.) Transcript; XVJ. AUTHOR S INTRODUCTION. Randolph (Vt.) Herald; St. Albans (Vt.) Messenger; Waltham (Mass.) Even- ing News; the Northfield (Vt.) News; the Reveille. This work is presented to the alumni and past cadets with the hope, that it will further increase their loyalty to their Alma Mater, and to the public with the desire that the reading of the conspicuous services of the alumni and past cadets of the University in the various wars of our country and in the many activities of life, will re-awaken an interest in the Old Institution, founded by Capt. Alden Partridge for the training of a Citizen-Soldiery and for technical education. WILLIAM A. ELLIS. Northfield, Vt., October 14, 1911. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. THE ACADEMY. PAGE The Academy in 1820 8 The Academy in Middletown 61, 66 UNIVERSITY GROUNDS AND BUILDINGS. Old Barracks in Norwich 92 Jackman Hall in 1870. View from the South 146 Jackman Hall in 1870. View from the East 148 The University From the East 187 The University From the Northeast 198 Carnegie Library 224 The U. S. Weather Bureau Building 225 University Grounds. Commencement, 1897 314 Dewey Hall. Commencement, 1910 544 ATHLETICS. Champion Base Ball Team, 1887 277 Base Ball Team, 1904 279 Base Ball Team, 1910 282 Foot Ball Team, 1907 285 Foot B.\ll Poster, Vermont Game, 1910 287 Foot Ball Squad, 1910 288 B.\se Ball G.ame, 1910 549 BATTLES. Battle of Gettysburg, Showing the famous Vermont Brigade in action 406 Battle op Gettysburg 407 Battle of Gettysburg. Flank attack of General Stannard's Brigade, Julys, 1863 412 Battle of Atlanta. Sixteenth Army Corps, General G. M. Dodge, '51, in command 417 Battle of Atlanta. Fourth Division of the Sixteenth Army Corps in Action 420 Battle of Manila. Commodore George Dewey, '55, in command 430 Map of Manila Bay 432 XVIU. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. BATTLESHIPS. PAGE U. S. S. Badger 434 Sloop of War, Portsmouth in command of Edward McC. Peters, '80 415 U. S. S. Montgomery. In command of Capt. George A. Converse, '63, entering the harbor of Havana in 1898 423 The U. S. S. Olympia, Admiral Dewey's Flagship 428 DEWEY CELEBRATION. Dewey Day Poster, 1899 205 Depot Square 206 Admiral Dewey Presented to the People 208 Hon. Chauncey M. Depew, delivering his Oration 211 Distinguished Group of Men Listening to Mr. Depew 213 The Corps of Cadets 213 School Street, Boston, 1899 522 DIPLOMAS. Diploma op 1837 85 Diploma of 1839 86 Diploma op 1864 105 Diploma of 1872 311 Diploma of 1909 315 FRATERNITIES. Theta Chi Chapter House. Northfield 488 Theta Chi Fraternity in 1895 491 Alpha Sigma Pi Fraternity House in Norwich 494 CAMP AND DRILLS. Cadet Camp, Berlin Pond 162 Cadet Camp in ,1878 165 Cadet Camp in 1879 166 Artillery Drill in the Eighties . . . -. 184 Camp in Barre, 1907 : 221 Camp in Williamstown, June, 1907 221 Squad of Cavalry, 1910 262 Headquarters. State Fair, 1910 269 Camp Scene, 1909 387 The Troop of Cavalry on the March, 1910 421 On the Hike, 1910 426 Rifle Practice at the Range, 1907 473 Guarding the Colors, Hike of 1910 481 Beginning the Hike of 1907 486 Rifle Practice 492 Hike of 1907 498 Guard Mount, State Fair in 1910 541 On the Hike, 1909 546 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. XIX. NORTHFEELD AND VICINITY. PAGE Governor Paine Block 144 northfield village in 1877 150 Methodist Church 170 Depot Square, East Side, 1910 190 Central Street, looking North 191 Jackman Hall, View to the North 192 Birds-Eye View of Northfield 193 Park at the Center Village 194 Depot Square, East Side 195 Northfield Graded and High School, 1910 197 Gouldsville, Looking South 199 Governor Paine Block, Co. F, V. N. G., leaving for New York city in 1889 200 Depot Square, West Side, 1899 206 View of Northfield from ICing Street 230 SUMMER SCHOOLS. Summer School, 1909 256 Summer School, 1905 258 Sophomore Class, Summer School, 1910 259 Summer School, 1910 512 Summer School, 1910 538 ENGINEERING WORK CONSTRUCTED BY NORWICH GRADU- ATES. Map of Survey of Norwich, Vt., by the Cadets in 1824 328 Joining the Tracks, Union Pacific and Central Pacific Railroads in 1869 334 Hanging Bridge in the Royal Gorge, Colo 340 View of the Niagara Falls Power Company's Property 345 Tunnel No. 3, Weber Canon, Union Pacific R. R 352 Laramie River Canon, Union Pacific R. R 358 Dale Creek Bridge, Union Pacific R. R 364 Temporary Trestle Promontory, Utah, Union Pacific R. R 370 Municipal Building, New York city 379 Entrance to the North Platte Canon, Union Pacific R. R 384 Pennsylvania Station, New York city 390 MISCELLANEOUS VIEWS. State Trophy from Santiago 254 Glee Club, 1910 300 Cadet Orchestra, 1910 302 New York Alumni Banquet, 1910 517 XX. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. PERSONS. PAGE Captain Alden Partridge iv. Captain Charles E. Clark, U. S. N., Breaking Ground for the Dewey Hall 203 Andrew Carnegie 222 Group: Capt. Frank Tompkins, U. S. A. Dr. Harold A. Whitney, and Sergt. J. C. Cody, U. S. A 269 Norwich University Men, Serving in Co. F, 1st Regiment Vermont Infantry, Spanish- American War 425 Captain Frank Tompkins, U. S. A 501 CHAPTER I. The American Literary, Scientific and Military Academy, 1819-1S34. The Academy Founded — Notes on Captain Partridge's Work — Erection of the First Building — Supplementary Announcement of THE Academy' — Account of the Enrollment — Faculty' — Courses of Study — Military Lectures — Text Books Used — Military Organiza- tion OF the Corps — Uniforms — Equipment — Marches — Vacations — • Expenses — "The Commons" — Athletics — Societies, the Polemic and the Franklin — Oratorical Contests and Prizes — Cadet Band — Deaths OF Cadets — Removal to Middletown — Opposition to Chartering of the Academy' — Ch.ange of M.anagement — The Prep.^ratory School IN Norwich — Return to Norwich — Account of the Association for the Promotion of Useful Education. The American Literarj^, Scientific and Militaiy Academy, out of which grew the Norwich University, was founded by Capt. Alden Partridge in Norwich, Vt., August 6, 1819. Capt. Partridge was a graduate of the U. S. MiUtaiy Academy, class of 180G, and had served at the National Academy as assistant professor and professor of Mathematics 1806-1813, professor of Engineering 1813-1816, and Superintendent 1815-1817. He was engaged during a portion of 1817 and 1818 in giving instruction in military tactics to a volunteer corps and in delivering military lectures to a class of officers in New York. In the early part of 1819, he was employed as U. S. Govern- ment engineer in charge of the survey of the northeastern bound- ary under the fifth article of the treaty of Ghent. In July of this year, he resigned his position to carry into effect a plan of education that had occupied much of his attention since 1810. Capt. Partridge was one of the best known officers of the Army and had met with marked success in his work at the Academy. He had for some 3'ears advocated through his writings and lectures many reforms in the educational system of our country. He was many years ahead of his time in his ideas of education and means of National Defense. His lectures on these topics, delivered in the 2 2 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. twenties, if published at the present time, would be thoroughly up to date. The following extract from his lecture on education, deliv- ered in 1820, presents some of his views on the defects of the system of education in this country: "The system of education adopted in the United States seems to me to be defective in many respects : First: It is not sufficiently practical, nor properly adapted to the various duties an American citizen may be called upon to discharge. Second : Another defect in the present system is the entire neglect in all our principal seminaries of physical education, or the cultiva- tion and improvement of the physical powers of the student. Third: Another defect in our system is the amount of idle time allowed the student. Fourth: A fourth defect is the allowing to students of the wealthier class too much money, thereby inducing habits of extravagance and dissipation highly injurious to them- selves and also to the Seminaries of which they are members. Fifth: Is the requiring all students to pursue the same course of study. Sixth : Is the prescribing the length of time for completing. as it is termed, the course of education. By this means the good scholar is placed nearly on a level with the sluggard, for whatever may be his exertions, he can gain nothing with respect to time, and the latter has, in consequence of this, less stimulus for ex- ertion.' ' He was opposed to the policy of maintaining a large standing army as he felt such an army would be a menace to the Republic. He believed in a citizen-soldiery, and early advocated that the U. S. Government should thoroughly train the al^le-bodied citizens in the art of war. He suggested that the country be divided into thirty districts; that an officer with the rank of colonel of infantry be assigned as instructor of the militia in each district; that each brigade of militia be assembled at stated periods and receive practical in- struction for six days; that each instructor visit the brigades in succession; that each officer receive a "reasonable allowance for his expenses while attending the instruction,' ' and while going to and from the rendezvous. He adds: "By this means the country, in the course of a few years, would be furnished with a well-organized military force of at least one million men. ****** j^q^ practical and scientific military instruction be a part of our system of education, and we shall become a nation of citizen soldiers; the need of a large standing army will be done away; in case of sedition or foreign in- THE ACADEMY FOUNDED. 3 vasion a sufficient force will be ready to take the field, and when the emergency passes away the character of the soldier will be lost in that of the citizen. Scarcely ever has a nation lost her liberties w^hen her armies were composed of her own citizens, who fought for the preservation of their liberties and property.' ' He saw that the National Academy would never be able to supply all the officers needed for both the regular army and the militia; hence, the necessity of an institution where the attendance would not be restricted. Then, too, he saw the necessity of a technical institution where the young men could be trained in engineering and be ready to assist in the development of the countr}'. There was a great demand for engineers. The subject of canal construction and the improvement of the livers for naviga- tion was receiving the attention of the public. Capt. Partridge saw clearly his opportunity for founding a civilian institution for the training of soldiers and engineers, and grasped it. In July, 1S19, he returned to his old home at Norwich, Ver- mont. Norwich at this time was one of the most important towns in eastern Vermont and contained many wealthy I'esidents. When Capt. Partridge's plan was presented to the public, he received offers of money and land from various towns, provided he would locate the new institution within their borders. The citizens of Norwich offered the site for the Academy and sub- scribed money to build a commodious barracks. After careful deliberation, Capt. Partridge concluded to locate the school in his home town. He felt that the location in the country was better than in the city as his plan of discipline could be more easily carried out, and the opportunity of practical engineering field work among the hills of Vermont could not be excelled elsewhere. The contract for the erection of the first building was given to Joseph Emerson of Norwich. On Friday, August 6, 1819, occurred the ceremony of laying the corner stone. A large platform, on which were seated the invited guests, was erected before the foundation. Rev. James Woodward invoked the divine blessing for the success of the new school and then delivered an eloquent oration. His text was taken from Psalm 127, Verse 1 : " Except the Lord build the house, they labor in vain that build it. Except the Lord keep the city, the watchman waketh but in vain." The exercises were attended by several hundred people from Norwich, Hanover and the surrounding towns. Several pieces 4 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. of money were placed under the two great corners. The building was completed the next summer. It was one of the largest edu- cational buildings in the State. It was constructed of brick and was four stories high, one hundred feet long, fifty feet wide, presenting a front of fifty-two windows. The building was divided into forty-two rooms for the cadets, each 18 x 24 feet; two large recitation rooms; a lecture room and an armory. The grounds, comprising about five acres of land, were surrounded by a high fence, and on each side of the gate at the main entrance was lo- cated a brick guard house. A prospectus of the Academy was printed in various papers of the country in 1819 and 1820. We give below the announce- ment of '' The Academy' ' published in the " Windsor Journal/ ' Vermont, in 1820, which supplements a regular prospectus, giving details of the courses of study, expenses and the regulations. The announcement also presents several of Capt. Partridge's views on education and military training. Having recently issued a Prospectus containing a plan of the system of education which I propose adopting in the Literary, Scientific and Military Academy I am at present engaged in establishing, I deem it a duty which I owe the public to explain more fully my views in the establishing of this Seminary, and also of the principles on which it is to be conducted, than could well be done in a mere prospective notice. In organizing the plan of education for this institution I have taken for my guide, in part, the constitu- tion of the United States. By the wise provisions of this instrument and the laws made on purpose thereof, the grand military defence of our favored country, both against external invasion and internal insurrection, is vested in the great mass of American Citizens, from eighteen to forty-five years of age. These constitute the grand military force of the nation; a force whose feelings and interests are identified with those of the great body of the people, and which, while it forms an impregnable barrier around the constitution and liberties of the country, is in no respect dangerous to either. But in order that this constitutional force should answer the purpose for which it was originally instituted, it must be properly organized and duly instructed in the elements, at least, of military science and tactics. Hence arises the necessity, in our country, of au extended system of military education, and of a general diffusion of military knowledge. If these so necessary requisites be not attended to, if the great body of American citizens do not feel that they are something more than merely nominal soldiers, our population will grad- ually degenerate, our militia, so emphatically styled the bulwark of our liberties and independence, will lose their military spirit, will decline and finally be destroyed; on their ruins will spring up the standing army, detached by feeling and by interest from the great mass of the people, and when this crisis arrives, it will not require the spirit of prophecy to predict our fate CAPT. PARTRIDGE S VIEWS ON EDUCATION. 5 from that of the most celebrated repubhc of antiquity. The Hberties of Rome were safe while military information was generally diffused and every Roman citizen considered and felt himself a soldier. But, how fatal were the results when by the operations of a sj'stem organized by Caius Marius, the saviour and scourge of Rome, and matured by Julius Caesar with a view doubtless to the accomplishment of his ultimate object, the final prostration of the liberties of the country. Those noble and patriotic legions which had so often, in time of peril and danger, proved the shield of their country and the terror of its enemies, were transformed into mere mercenary bands, alienated from the country and identified in views and interests with their leaders alone. But Rome, though the most striking, is not the only instance in which similar causes have produced like effects. The republics of Greece furnish additional instances. Can any one believe that if the Greeks in the age of Demosthenes had possessed the same spirit and organization which they did in the age of Themistocles and Aristides, or, if the soldiers who fought at Cheronea had been of the same stamp with those who fought at Marathon and Thermopylae, they would have so tamely submitted their necks to the yoke of the Macedonian Conqueror? From an attentive con- sideration of these, as well as of many other similar instances which might be adduced, I am forced to the conclusion that in every republic the due cultivation of a proper military spirit amongst the great mass of the people and a general diffusion of military information are indispensably necessary for the preservation of liberty; and consequently that those republics which neglect these requisites, will eventually be driven to exchange their freedom for a form of government bordering at least on military despotism. In making these observations, however, I beg not to be misunderstood as recommending a system of education for our youth purely military, very far from this. I mean nothing more than that the military should constitute an appendage to their civil education and thereby qualify them for the correct and efficient discharge of their duties as soldiers when their country may require their services in that capacity. I have not attempted to prove the necessity of a competent military defence to every state which intends to maintain its independence free from the encroachments of surrounding nations; this necessity is too self evident, I presume, to be doubted by any rational person. Should anyone, however, after a thorough and candid examination of the past history and present state of the world, be disposed seriously to question it, I would waive the task of endeavoring to convince him. Having thus freely expressed my ideas on the importance, in a national point of view, of a general diffusion of military information, I will proceed to notice more particularly some of the advantages arising from a due cultiva- tion of military science applicable more especially to young gentlemen destined for a liberal education. It is from this class of citizens that we are to look for a large portion of our Statesmen, Legislators, Historians and Travellers, and I ask, will not the statesman be much better qualified to estimate cor- rectly the military strength and resources of his country, the legislators to frame laws on military affairs with a more perfect adaptation to the object in view, the historian to compile with greater judgment and more general utility his narration of battles and sieges, and the traveller to estimate with greater precision and correctness the real strength and military resources 6 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. of other nations and therefore return to his own country with a greater stock of useful information, when aided by a scientific military education, than could possibly be done without it. On this subject I believe there could be but one opinion, a systematic knowledge of fortification and of tactics so indispensably necessary for a full and correct understanding of history, a large portion of which is made up of descriptions of battles and sieges, and also in many cases, of common newspaper reading. Without such knowledge the traveller would find himself much embarrassed were he to attempt the description of almost any of the principal cities on the continent of Europe, of which, generally speaking, the fortifications constitute the most important apjjendages. A scientific military education I conceive then, may, without hesitation, be pronounced as conferring many and important advantages abstracted from any connection with the military profession without the least possible disadvantages to counter-balance them. Its importance when received in connection with the profession of arms is too evident to need any illustration. The practical military exercises I should conceive of sufficient importance to warrant their introduction into Seminaries of learning generally, were they of no other use than to give to the students a good figure, a manly and noble demeanour, and, what is of more importance, to render them healthy and vigorous. It is a melancholy fact, that many of our most promising youths, by the time they have completed their course of education and are prepared to enter the grand theatre of action and useful life, have so completely lost their health that even if they survive for a time, they are nevertheless rendered in a great measure useless to society. This I conceive is in a great measure occasioned by the want of regular and healthy exercise and also from the habit that many students (particularly those that are the most studious) acquire of leaning over their tables to study. The "Academy" was opened for the reception of students, September 4, 1820. The first cadet enrolled was Cyril Pennock, of Hartford, Vt. The attendance during September 4, 1820-August, 1821, numbered 100, and came from eleven states and one foreign country, as follows : Vermont 60, New Hampshire 27, New York 3, Maine 2, Georgia 2, Michigan Territory 2, South Carolina 1, Louisiana 1, Ohio 1, Canada 1. The catalogue published in Novem- ber, 1821, gives the attendance as 117, distributed as follows: Vermont 54, New Hampshire 26, Massachusetts 11, New York 7, Maine 4, South Carolina 4, Connecticut 3, Michigan Territory 2, Georgia 2, Ohio 1, Louisiana 1, Pennsylvania 1, Canada 1. Among this list of cadets appear the names of the following naval officers : Lieut. Thomas W. Freelon, Assistant Surgeon James Norris and Lieut. Hiram Paulding. In November, 1822, the attendance had increased to 135, representing sixteen states. The catalogue published August, 1823, gives the attendance as 158, twenty states being represented. The catalogue published August, 1824, THE ATTENDANCE. * gives the attendance as 162, eighteen states and three foreign countries being represented. In the prospectus issued in 1825, announcing the removal of the " Academy' ' to Middletown, Conn., the attendance, up to the removal from Norwich in 1825, was 480 men. From Maine, 28 From South Carolina, 45 Massachusetts, 89 Kentucky, 2 New Hampshire :,57 Georgia, 7 Vermont, 115 Ohio, 1 Connecticut; 33 Louisiana, 4 Rhode Island, 10 Mississippi, 5 New York, 40 Missouri, 1 Pennsylvania, 15 Michigan, 2 New Jersey, 6 District of Columbia, 2 Delaware, 2 Canada, 2 Maryland, 4 Havana, Cuba, 1 Virginia, 1 Island Scio, Greece, 1 North Carolina, 7 We quote from the catalogue: "Of the above number twenty are commissioned and warrant officers in the U. S. Navy, viz: four lieutenants, one assistant surgeon and fifteen midship- men. Out of the whole, 441 have been engaged in the study of Mathematics and out of this number 145 have completed a full course of 'Hutton's Mathematics.' Of these, eighty have, in addition, attended to practical Mathematics, fifty-six have con- tinued their course through the study of Philosophy, and others are now fast progressing in the accomplishment of those higher branches also. The whole number who have studied the Greek and Latin Languages is about 150. Of these, twenty-five have advanced far towards completing a course, although none have gone entirely through. Of those not included in the last mentioned number, many have fitted for college, or progressed still farther, and many are progressing. What is here considered a course, is the same which is laid down in the prospectus, which could be scarcely completed in the period since the establishment of the institution. The number of those who have attended to the French Language is about 130. Twenty have become well acquainted with the language — thirty are well advanced, and many of the remainder have made respectable progress. About 8 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. ten or twelve of those who have been, or are now members of the institution, have devoted considerable time to the instruction of militia and volunteer corps in this and various other sections of the country, and many of them are still engaged in that useful employment." The catalogue issued October, 1826, gives the attendance as 293. Twenty states and territories were represented, also five foreign countries, England, Canada, Greece, West Indies and Cuba. Of the above number 102 cadets came from the Southern States. The A. L. S. & M. Academy in 1820. The second catalogue, published in December, 1826, gives the attendance as 297. The catalogue published in August, 1827, gives the attendance as 252. The attendance from 1828 until the summer of 1829, when the " Academy' ' was suspended, is not definitely known. It is stated the attendance for that year averaged over three hundred cadets. The attendance, as given by the old catalogue, and additional names supplied by research, was 972. The attendance for the years 1829-35 is not definitely known. Major H. V. Morris, '36, who was a cadet from 1831-36, wrote in 1897 that "the corps of cadets was small and averaged about thirty to forty cadets each year." We give the estimated THE FACULTY. 9 attendance from 1828 to 1835 as 230, making the total attendance at the old "A. L. S. & M. Academy" 1202. The faculty the first year was composed of: — Capt. Alden Partridge, A. M., Superintendent and professor of Mathematics, Philosophy and Military Science; Rev. Rufus William Bailey, A. M., Chaplain and professor of Ethics; James Freeman Dana, M. D., professor of Chemistry; George Perkins Marsh, A. B., professor of the Greek and Latin languages; Ebenezer Bancroft Williston, professor of the Latin and English languages; John Milton Partridge, professor of Practical Geometry, Topography, and acting sword master; Hiram P. Woodworth, assistant in Arithmetic. In the fall of 1821 the faculty was increased to seven members. Professor Marsh resigned in June, 1821, and Prof. Ralph Metcalf was elected in his place. Rev. James W. Woodward, A. M., was placed in charge of the work in Histoiy and Geography. Cadets Daniel H. Bingham, Calvin P. Newton, Hiram P. Woodworth and John M. Mack were appointed tutors in Arithmetic and John Holbrook, assistant in Latin. In 1822 the faculty was increased to eight members. Prof. Ralph Metcalf resigned the chair of Latin and the English languages. Monsieur Francois Peyre-Ferry was elected to the professorship of French, and Signor F. Palioni, teacher of the Italian language. In 1823 W. W. Bailey was elected professor of Instrumental Music and Prof. Nathaniel Sprague, professor of the Latin language. The instruction in the Italian language was discontinued. In August, 1824, Rev. Rufus W. Bailey, Prof. James F. Dana and Prof. Nathaniel Sprague resigned. Rev. James W. Wood- ward, A. M., became the Chaplain and professor of the Latin language, Ethics and Belles-Lettres Prof. Joseph Barratt, a graduate of an English Medical College, became Surgeon and professor of Chemistry, Botany and Mineralogy. Cadet Edwin F. Johnson, instructor of Practical Geometry and Mathema- tics; Cadets H. P. Woodworth and J. D. Allen, instructors in Mathematics; Cadet Elisha Dunbar, instructor in Mathematics and Topography; Cadet V. B. Horton, instructor in Latin and Cadet John Holbrook, instructor in Latin and English. The membership of the faculty for 1825 is not fully known, but is said to have been practically the same as in 1826. Prof. Peter Proal, (q. v.) was professor of the Spanish language, 1825 until his death, April, 1826. The faculty in the fall of 1826 was composed of thirteen professors and eleven instructors. 10 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. Capt. Alden Partridge, professor of Mathematics, Philosophy and Military Science; J. Barratt, M. P., Physician and professor of Chemistry, Botany and Mineralogy; J. R. Bowes, professor of Civil Engineering; Hiram P. Woodworth, '25, assistant profes- sor of Natural Philosophy and instructor in Mathematics; E. B. Williston, A. B., ] rofessor of Greek and Latin languages; John H. Lathrop, A. B., professor of the English language and litera- ture; Rev. B. Glover, A. B., professor of Logic and instructor in Latin and Greek; F. P. Ferry, professor of the French language and Jose A. PizzarOj'^professor Jof the Spanish language; Rev. Walter Colton, A. M., Chaplain and professor of Belles-Lettres; Rev. B. G. Noble, A. M., professor of Intellectual Philosophy and History; Elisha Dunbar, instructor in Mathematics and Naviga- tion; E. F. Johnson, '25, instructor in Practical Mathematics and assistant professor of Philosophy; Valentine B. Horton, '25, John Holbrook, '25, Truman B. Ransom, '25, J. McKay, '25, Cadets J. N. Palmer and Ozro P. Jennison, instructors in Arithmetic; T. B. Ransom, '25, instructor in Music; P. Thomas, Sword- master and instructor in Dancing; C. H. Perry, '23, instructor in Penmanship; J. P. Hatch, '25, instructor in Bookkeeping and Cadet G. Barnard, instructor in English grammar. In 1827 the faculty numbered twenty and remained practi- cally as in 1826. E. F. Johnson, '25, was advanced to the profes- sorship of Practical Mathematics and Civil Engineering. In 1828, there was a reorganization of the "Academy." Captain Partridge became its president; Valentine B. Horton, '25, superin- tendent, and C. H. Perry, '23, adjutant; E. F. Johnson, '25, professor of Practical Mathematics and Civil Engineering; Ben- jamin M. Tyler, '23, professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy; C. H. Periy, '23, instructor of Mathematics; Profs. Barratt and Colton held their former positions; V. B. Horton, '25, was professor of Moral Philosophy and Political Economy; Rev. L. Wright, professor of'the Greek and Latin languages; A. Rod- riguez, professor of^the'^French"'and Spanish languages; E. Sturt- evant, '28, instructor in Music; several cadets also served as instructors in Mathematics. The membership of the faculty for the years 1829-34 is not fully known. Captain Partridge continued as president and Truman B. Ransom was professor of Mathematics in 1831-32. The faculty of the " Academy' ' was an especially able one. Prof. Rufus Bailey (q. v.) graduated from Dartmouth College in 1813 and was a successful Congregational preacher; Prof. Captain Partridge, from an Engraving printed in the United States Military Magazine in 1840. 12 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. Dana graduated A. B. and A. M. from Harvard College; Professor Marsh was a graduate of Dartmouth, class of 1820, afterwards becoming one of the most distinguished philologists of the world, and was also distinguished as a diplomat; Professor Williston had completed his junior year at Dartmouth, and later received the degree of A. B. from the University of Vermont. Profes- sor Woodward was a graduate of Williams College, class of 1798, and a successful clergyman. Joseph M. Partridge had been a cadet at the United States Military Academy during 1813-1817, and was one of the ablest swordsmen of his time. The cadet tutors were distinguished for their mathematical ability, and in after years became very successful in their chosen fields of work. Professor Ferry was a graduate of a French University, and an able scholar and author; Prof. W. W. Bailey was an accom- plished musician; Prof. Joseph Barratt was an authority in Botany, Geology and Mineralogy; John H. Lathrop (q. v.) was a graduate of Yale College and became one of the best known educators of this country; Elisha Dunbar, '25, founded a mili- tary school in Orange, N. J., in 1828; Professor Pizzaro (q. v. ) was a graduate of a Spanish University and had been Director of Education in Spain; Hiram P. Woodworth, '25, later became vice-president of the University, and a well known civil engineer in Illinois; Edwin F. Johnson, '25, became one of the best known civil engineers of this country; V. B. Horton, '25, became a congressman from Ohio and a millionaire business man; John Holbrook gained distinction as president of Jefferson College Miss.; Truman B. Ransom, '25, became second president of Norwich University and lost his life while leading the "Old Ninth New England" Regiment up the heights of Chapultepec in Mexico in 1847; E. B. Williston, '23, became an author of prominence; Rev. Walter Colton later served as chaplain. United States Navy, and became an author of prominence; Benjamin M. Tyler, '23, was a successful teacher and author and later founded the first Normal School in this country. The course of study in the Languages and Literatures com- pares favorably with the courses given in the colleges of the time. In addition to a full engineering course, with practical work in the field, a course in Agriculture was also given. So far as known this was the first institution to provide for instruction COURSES OF STUDY. 13 in this last branch. We give the course from the first cata- logue: — " The course of education at this seminary will embrace the following branches of literature, science and practical instruction, viz : the Latin, Greek, Hebrew, French and the English Languages : Composition, Rhetoric, Logic, Elocution: Histoiy, Geography, including the use of maps and globes. Ethics, Metaphysics: the elements of Natural and Political Law, the Law of Nations, the Constitution of the United States and of the States severally. Military law: the elements of Chemistiy, Electricity and Optics: Arithmetic, the construction and use of Logarithms, Bookkeeping, Algebra, Geometry, Plane and Spherical Trigonometry, Plano- metry, Sterometry, Mensuration of heights and distances by Trigonometry and also Geometrically, practical Geometry gener- ally, including particularly. Surveying and Levelling, Conic Sections, the use of the Barometer, wdth its application to measur- ing the altitudes of mountains and other eminences: Mechanics, Hydrostatics, Hydraulics, Astronomy, Navigation, Civil Engi- neering, including the construction of roads, canals, locks and bridges: Architecture, Agriculture, Music." The instruction in music, the French and Hebrew languages and Fencing was not a part of the regular work, but con- sidered extras. Especial attention was from the first given to the study of music, both vocal and instrumental, and a large number of the cadets received instruction in this branch. The military course included complete instructions on Per- manent and Field Fortification, Field Engineering generally, the construction of Marine Batteries, Artillery Duty, the Principles of Gunnerj^ a complete course of Military Tactics, the attack and defense of fortified places, Castrametation, Fortification, the ancient modes of attacking and defending fortified places, the Ancient Tactics, particularly those of the Greeks and Romans with a description of the organization and discipline of the pha- lanx and legion; Fencing, Militaiy Drawing, Topography. In addition to the foregoing, the students were regularly and correct- ly instructed in the elementary school of the soldier; of the com- pany and battalion; they were taught the regular formation of military parades, the turning off, mounting and relieving guards and sentinels; the duties of the ofRcers of the guard, officers of the day, and adjutants; the making out correctly the different 14 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. descriptions of military reports and all the duties incident to the field or garrison. The military exercises and duties were so arranged as not to occupy any of the time that would otherwise be devoted to study; they were attended to at those hours of the day which were generally passed by students in idleness, or devoted to useless, amusements, for which they were made a pleasing and healthful substitute. Practical scientific operations were frequently attended to, which would conduce equally to health and improvement. Fencing early became one of the favorite athletic sports of the cadets and practically every cadet took the instruction. Expert instructors were provided. We quote from the catalogue as follows under the head of " MILITARY LECTURES. " " For the accoinmodation of gentlemen, (particularly of those holding commissions in the volunteer corps and militia) who may not wish to go through with a regular course of military studies and instruction and also for the purpose of diffusing military science more generally. Captain Partridge will deliver annually at the before-mentioned seminary, three courses of public lectures; the first course to commence on the second Monday in May, the second course on the second Monday in July, and the third course on the first Monday in October annually. These lectures will embrace the following branches of military science and in- struction, viz:" " 1st. Permanent and field fortification, the construction of field works generally, and also marine batteries. " 2d. The attack and defence of fortified places. "3d. The use of artillery, with a general exposition of the principles of gunnery. " 4th. Military Tactics. " 5th. Garrison and field service of troops, embracing par- ticularly their police and rules for turning off, mounting and relieving guards and sentinels, and also for guard duty, like- wise castrametation. "6th. General rules for the attack and defence of a province or country embracing an exposition of the principles of base lines of operation. " 7th. Rules for the inspection and review of troops. COURSES OF STUDY. 15 " Sth. A summary of ancient fortification, and also of the ancient modes of attacking and defending fortified places. "9th. A summary of the ancient tactics, particularly those of the Greeks and Romans. " 10th. A description of some of the most celebrated battles and sieges, both of ancient and modern times, for the purpose of practically illustrating the principles explained in the lectures. In order to render the lectures on fortification perfectly intelli- gible, plans will be prepared, on which the several parts of a work will be clearly and distinctly exhibited. " Particular attention will be given to a full explanation of all the technical terms used in fortification, as well as in the other departments of militaiy science. A full course will comprise about twenty lectures; five to be delivered in each week until the course be finished. The terms for attending a course will be ten dollars. Gentlemen subscribing for two courses will be allowed ever after to attend gratis. All those attending the lectures will be entitled, during the time of such attendance, to practical military instruction and also to the privilege of the reading room, without any additional charge." The study of the Spanish language was begun in 1825. We quote from the catalogue: "As to the knowledge of Spanish, it is daily becoming of the first consequence to the citizens of the United States. Six independent republics have recently been established in South America. From their geographical position and form of government, our commercial and political relations cannot fail of being an intimate, interesting and momentous character — all tending to render their language ultimately next in importance to om- own. " The text books used were Joss' Grammar; Telemanco; Robinson Crusoe; Newman's Dictionary. Much practical field work in engineering was given the cadets. In 1823-24 a trigonometrical survey of Norwich and surrounding towns, comprising a territory of 150 square miles, was made. The drafting of the survey was signed b3'-/^Cadet William Parker. The work was very accurately carried out and received much com- mendation by competent engineers. We give elsewhere a cut of the map. In 1825 and 1826 a similar survey was made of Middle- town and surrounding country, comprising 400 square miles. A very complete course in Botany and Mineralogy was given by Dr. Barratt. Special attention was given to instruction in Navigation 16 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. and Seamanship, and the course was so strong as to attract many- Naval officers to the institution. A very complete course was given in Bookkeeping and Ac- counting and was designed to fit the cadet for practical business life. No specified time was required for completing the course. Each student was allowed to progress as rapidly as possible in his studies and when the course was completed a certificate of gradua- tion was presented the student. There were no formal graduating exercises as in the other colleges. Examinations were held at stated periods. No student was received for a less period than one year. The prospective student was required to be at least nine years of age and of good moral character, and be able to read and spell correctly and write a fairly legible hand. No student from another college or uni- versity was admitted unless honorably discharged from such institution. The regular time for admission was at the close of the vacation in January and during the public examinations in May and August. A library was started soon after the opening of the " Academy" in 1820. John Holbrook served as librarian until 1828. In 1827 he published a catalogue of the books in a pamphlet of 28 pages. The title page was as follows : CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE CADETS' LIBRARY AT THE American Literary, Scientific and Military Academy. FOOD FOR THE MIND. Middletown, (Conn.) Printed by E. and H. Clark. 1827. cadets' library — TEXT BOOKS. 17 The pamphlet contains a brief history of the great libraries of the world and tables giving the number of books in a few of the largest libraries in Europe, pubHc libraries and college libraries in America, also a very good article on " Reading, " and the " Ad- vantages of History. " The cadets' library numbered 1,100 volumes. According to the tables given. Harvard had the largest college library, 28,000 volumes; Yale next with 9,000 volumes; Middlebury College 2,000 volumes; Dartmouth 6,000 volumes and the University of Vermont 900. The size of the library compared very well with the libraries of the other institutions especially when the age of the institution is considered. The books were classified under the following heads : History; Travels, Voyages and Geography; Biography and Memoirs; Mathematics and Philosophy (Natural); Military Works; Chemistry; Botany; Mineralogy and Natural History; Political Works; Letters and Essays; Poetry and Dramas; Novels; French Works; Miscellaneous. A reading room containing the various publications of this country and of several of the European coun- tries was maintained. The periodicals were bound for preser- vation in the library. This library became the property of Wes- leyan University. Catalogue of Books Studied at the Academy. english language. Murray's Grammar; Scott's Lessons for parsing; Murray's Reader for parsing; Blair's Rhetoric, abridged; Walker's Rhe- torical Grammar; Porter on Elocution. FRENCH LANGUAGE. Wanostrocht's French Grammar; Lectuer Francais; Tele- maque; Ferry's First Elements; Perren's Vocabulary; Beyer's Dictionary, large edition, two volumes; Bolmar's Perrin's Fables; L'Abb^ Bossut, vocabulary; L'Abeille Francoise; Voltaire's Charles the 12th. LATIN LANGUAGE. Adam's Latin Grammar; Liber Primus; Virgil; Cicero's Select Orations; Cicero de Oratore; de Amicitia et de Senectute; SaUust; Caesar's Commentaries; Horace: Livy, first five books; Tacitus; five books. 18 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. GREEK LANGUAGE. Hackenberg's Greek Grammar; Collectanea Graeca Minora; Collectanea Gi'seca Majora; Xenophon's Anabasis; Homer's Iliad, six books; Buttman's Greek Grammar; Neilson's Greek Exercises; Delectus; Jacob's Greek Reader; Greek Testament. HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY. Morse's Universal Geography, large abridgement with atlas, latest edition; Worcester's Geography, edition of 1820; Tytler's Elements of History; Adams' Roman Antiquities. MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL PHILOSOPHY. Hutton's Mathematics; Gibson's Surveying; Crozet's De- scriptive Geometry; Walsh's Arithmetic, edition of 3820; Enfield's Natural Philosophy; Davis's Descriptive Geometry; Cambridge course of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy; Tyler's Arith- metic; Hasler's Analytic Trigonometry; Sganzin's Civil Engineer; Tredgold on Railways. SCIENCES. Eaton's Manual of Botany; Torrey's Compendium of the Northern Flora; Brande's Manual of Chemistry; Cleveland's Mineralogy. LOGIC, MORAL PHILOSOPHY AND METAPHYSICS. Hedge's Logic; Paley's Evidences of Christianity; Paley's Natural Theology; Paley's Moral Philosophy; Butler's Analogy; Locke's Essays on the Understanding; Stewart on the ]\Iind. LAW AND POLITICS. Constitution of the United States, and of the several States, edition of 1820, by Gales & Seaton; Vattel's Law of Nations; Federalist, Burlamaquion National and Political Law. The Testament is superceded in the course of Greek studies by Xenophon's Anabasis, with the belief that the style of the latter is more pure and classical. However, it can be read by those preparing for college. SERVICE CALLS. 19 The corps of cadets was organized as a battalion. One of the military instructors served as adjutant. The cadets discharged in rotation the duties of the commissioned and non-commissioned officers of the various companies, and as officer of the day. This method of selecting officers was continued until 1869. The cadets, for the purpose of perfecting their military duties, occasionally acted as military instructors. An elaborate set of rules and regulations was published for the guidance of the cadets. The first morning roll call came fifteen minutes after the beating of the reveille. Immediately after this roll call, the rooms were swept, beds made up, and the furniture arranged in perfect order. In twenty minutes after the roll call the rooms were inspected by the officer of the day and a written report was submitted to the superintendent. From March 20 until September 20, breakfast was served at 7 a. m., and from September 20 until March 20, at 7.45. Dinner was served throughout the year at 1 p. m. and supper at sunset. From March 20 until September 20, study and recitations began at 8 o'clock a. m. and continued until 1 p. m. and from 2 p. m. until 4 p. m. The hour from four to five was allowed for recreation and study, and from 5 o'clock until sunset was devoted to study. From September 20 to March 20, the study hour commenced at 9 a. m. and continued until 1 p. m., and from 2 p. m. until sunset. The cadets were required to study in their own rooms. From March 20 until September 20 cadets were required to be in their quarters at 8 o'clock p. m., and from September 20 to March 20, at 7 p. m. At 10 p. m. the lights were extinguished and all cadets were required to be in bed. The cadets were required to attend divine service on Sundays, and during the remaining time they were required to remain in their rooms. The reading and study of the Holy Scriptures was earnestly enjoined upon all the cadets during their leisure hours, especially on the Sabbath. Prayers were attended each morning after troop beating and an able chaplain was provided to conduct the services. A professor had rooms on each floor and was responsible to the superintendent for the conduct of the cadets. Strict military inspections were held at least once a month. For the purpose of giving the students a military appearance when engaged in military duty and also for the sake of economy, all cadets were required to wear a uniform dress. Severe disci- pline was given a cadet if he appeared in civilian dress without permission. In prescribing this dress it was endeavored to com- 20 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. bine, as far as possible, cheapness and a neat military appearaiice. A Hussar jacket of dark blue cloth, with three rows of white bullet buttons in front, the two outside rows terminating a little past the top of the shoulders, the intervals between the buttons of each row to be one-fourth of an inch, standing collar to rise as high as the tip of the ears, with a button in each angle, and slit longitudi- nally on the under side, with four buttons of a smaller size set close on each; the jacket terminating in a peak in front and rear, with two buttons behind at the bottom of the waist, which must extend as low as the waist of the person; counter straps on each shoulder for the purpose of confining the cartridge box and bayonet belts; small side pockets with four buttons under each flap. Vest, white for summer, and blue cloth for winter, single breasted, with eight to ten white bullet buttons of small size. Pantaloons, white for summer, made either of Russia sheeting or cotton or linen cloth of domestic manufacture, and of dark blue cloth for winter; the pantaloons to reach to the shoes, without understraps; and as well as the other clothing made sufficiently large to allow of the free and unrestrained use of the limbs, avoiding at the same time unneces- sary encumbrance. Jefferson shoes, to rise as high as the ankles. White linen half gaiters for summer, with small bullet buttons, worn under the pantaloons, black silk or velvet stocldngs, caps with appropriate trimmings. Plaid great coats, lined with green baize, with caps and folding collars; the ground work green, with dark stripes. Every cadet was required to have a proper fatigue dress, which was worn on all kinds of fatigue duty; the regular uniform was never allowed to be worn on such duty. To show Captain Partridge's desire to aid in the building up of an American industry, we quote from the prospectus: " Captain Partridge would be highly gratified to see all his pupils clothed in domestic manu- facture." A tailor was employed at the " Academy" where most of the uniforms were made. A stand of muskets sufficient to equip the corps was loaned to Captain Partridge by the State of Vermont, and when the "Academy" was moved to Middletown, the State of Connecticut also loaned the necessary equipment. In March, 1824, Captain Partridge presented a memorial to Congress asking for the loan of cannon and ammunition to equip the " Academy' ' and to enable him to continue his experiments in ordinance. In this memorial he gives a full account of the founding of the ' 'Academy' ' and the work accomplished at the institution. In 1825 his request was granted and the U. S. Government loaned him seven MARCHES. 21 cannon and the necessary ammunition. Much attention was given to the artillery drill and the instruction in Ordnance. The practice marches and pedestrian tours were a distinctive feature of the work at the " Academy.' ' Captain Partridge was a firm believer in physical training of the young men of the country. His ideas on this subject are given in his announcement of the founding of the " Academy.' ' The first trip so far as known was taken August 2, 1820, to the Kearsarge Mountain, in New Hamp- shire. Captain Partridge, accompanied by Cadets Hopson and Buswell, Messrs. Curtis and Flint, juniors of Dartmouth College, a son of Hon. Mills Olcott of Hanover, and several gentlemen, left Norwich, August 2, and reached the top of the mountain that day. Captain Partridge took the elevation as follows: at the foot of the mountain, 2279 feet, and at the top 3,461 feet. They returned to Norwich the next day, August 3d. The corps of cadets left Norwich on the morning of October 8, 182] , for Woodstock. The day was rainy and the roads were very rough, yet the corps reached their destination at 4 p. m. They were billeted out with the inhabitants. On Tuesday they were given a public dinner. Several exhibition drills were given and in the evening Captain Partridge gave a lecture on "Military Work." They returned to Norwich, October 10. A committee consisting of Edward M. Duane, Edward Woodbridge, Cyrus Yeomans, Benjamin Swan, Jr., and Theodore W. Ely, was appointed by the corps to extend their thanks to the citizens of Woodstock for the kind hospitality shown them. The Woodstock Observer of October 16, 1821, states: "From the youngest to the oldest, they exhibited the same manner of dignity which marks so emphatically the aspect and demeanor of their inimitable instructor." The corps left Norwich, Friday a. m., October 11, 1822, for Montpelier, Vermont. The march led through Strafford to Chelsea where they staid the first night. They reached Montpelier, Satur- day the 12th, and were given a cordial reception. The cadets were bUleted out with the inhabitants. They attended church Sunday, the 13th. The corps paraded at 11 a. m., Monday, in front of the State House, and were reviewed by the Governor and members of the Legislature. They gave exhibition drills at 3 p. m., and in the evening Captain Partridge lectured on the " Battle of Water- loo.' ' On Tuesday, the 15th, the corps gave exhibition drills and paraded through the principal streets of the city. Captain Part- ridge lectured on "National Defense" in the evening. After 22 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. the address a ball was given in their honor at the Union Hotel. The corps, after giving several drills Wednesday morning, was formed in a hollow square and the Rev. Charles Wright, of the committee of arrangements, made an eloquent prayer. Sev- eral speeches were made by prominent citizens of Montpelier, to which Captain Partridge briefly responded. The corps then left Montpelier and proceeded up the Dog River Valley through Rox- bury and Randolph, where they staid that night. They reached Norwich, Thursday night, October 17. The second march of the Corps was to Concord, N. H. The corps, organized as a battalion and numbering 115 cadets, left Norwich at 8 a. m., June 13, 1822. The first day they marched to Enfield, via Hanover, Lebanon and the Shaker settlement, a distance of fourteen miles. They reached the residence of J. Willis, Esq., at 3.30 p. m., where they were welcomed by A. M. Chase, the Congregational minister, who delivered them a brief address. They were entertained most royally by Mr. Willis, who was one of the leading citizens of that town, and the father of J. F. Willis, one of the cadets. They gave an exhibition drill after dinner, which was witnessed by a large crowd of people from En- field and adjoining towns. The next morning they broke camp at 4.00 A. M. and at 7.15 a. m. they reached Captain Stickney's Tavern in Springfield, where they had breakfast. At 9 a. m. they reached Moore's Inn at Wilmot, where through the generosity of Col. Moore, the landlord, light refreshments were served to the corps in ranks. At 2.30 p. m. they dined at Mr. Hutchins' Inn at Andover, and at 5.00 p. m. reached the East village in Salisbury, where a halt was made for the night, having covered a distance of twenty-eight miles. They were hospitably entertained by the citizens of the town. A large building was furnished for their quarters. At 9.00 a. m. the next day the march was resumed for Concord, sixteen miles distant. The corp^ passed over the plains of Boscawen and through the village of Merrimack. At 4.00 a. m. as they neared the city of Concord, they were met by a company of infantry commanded by Captain Stickney, and were escorted through the main street of the city to the State House common, being cheered by the applause of a great crowd of people and the booming of cannon. They were welcomed to the city by Samuel Sparhawk, secretary of state and father of Oliver Sparhawk, a member of the corps. Captain Partridge made a brief speech in response. PRESENTATION OF THE BATTALION FLAG. 23 We quote from the New Ham'pshire Patriot of June 17, 1822 : " The citizens of this town and a vast concourse of strangers assembled on this occasion, having enjoyed with great satisfaction the recent visit of Captain Partridge and his Cadets. Though, from the high reputation of the school at Norwich, we had antici- pated much, our expectations were far exceeded in the neatness of their appearance, the order and perfection of their discipline, and U esprit dv corps with which they seemed to be animated.' ' On Sunday the 16th, the corps attended public worship at the McFarland Meeting House. On Monday the 17th, the corps paraded on the common. A dress parade was given, guard mount and the various evolutions of the battalion were executed. In the evening Captain Partridge delivered, in the House of Repre- sentatives, his historical lecture on the "Battle of Waterloo." On Tuesday morning the corps was received by Governor Bell and staff, the Adjutant and Inspector General. Some time was spent in various drills and firing. In the afternoon the young ladies of Rev. J. L. Blake's Literary School presented the corps with a battalion flag, represent- ing on one side the emblem of the State and on the reverse side the emblems of the sciences and arts. The cadets were drawn up in front of the State House. Miss Mary Jane Kent presented the flag in a very graceful manner and made the presentation address. Cadet Joseph D. Allen responded for the corps in an eloquent speech. The New Hampshire Patriot states : "We have never witnessed in this place any public ceremo- nies in which the people were so universally interested; indeed the spectacle was one eminently calculated to interest the feel- ings. Two thousand spectators had assembled and occupied every spot around the common. The corps was composed of mere youth, who yet exhibited the decorum and precision of age. During their stay in this place it is but just to remark that the individual deportment was such as gave great satisfac- tion to the people and will long be remembered as a bright promise of future excellence.' ' The flag that was presented to the corps is now in the posses- sion of Captain H. V. Partridge of Norwich, and we hope to see it placed in Carnegie Libraiy with the other relics and trophies of old "N. U." In the evening Captain Partridge delivered his address on "'The Improvement of the Militia as a Means of Na- tional Defence."' 24 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. The corps left Concord at 9.00 a. m., June 19, on their return march to Norwich. They reached Hopkinton at noon, and were escorted through the town by a company of infantry under the command of Captain C. Chase, and a company of riflemen com- manded by Thomas Bailey. The corps was entertained by Col- onel Roger Perkins, father of Hamilton E. Perkins, one of the cadets. The afternoon was spent in the various drills. The corps was billeted out with the inhabitants for the night. The corps left the next morning at 9.00 a. m. for Henniker. On their ap- proach to that town they were met by the Hon. Judge Darling, father of J. P. Darling, one of the cadets, and an escort of riflemen under the command of Captain Campbell. Judge Darling wel- comed them to town with an eloquent address, which was responded to by Captain Partridge. After giving exhibition drills the corps left at 2.00 p. m. for Hillsboro, where they arrived in the early evening, having marched eighteen miles. It rained during the afternoon and the corps was drenched, yet like true soldiers con- tinued the march. They were welcomed to town by General Pierce. They left town the next morning for Washington at 6.30 a. m., arriving there at 1.00 p. m. The march was continued through Goshen to Newport, a distance of eighteen miles from Hopkinton ; where they were hospitably entertained by the citizens. On the morning of the 22d, a company of infantry under command of Captain McKinney was assembled, and a salute was fired in honor of the corps. After a brief time spent in drill, the corps resumed the march, passing through Croydon, Plainfield, Lebanon, Han- over, reaching the " Academy Grounds' ' in the early evening, after a march of twenty-seven miles. During this time the corps marched 145 miles. The account of the march states that " Many of our fellow cadets, with their equipage for a burden, their arms and accoutrements, scarce advanced to the age of fourteen years, were at no times the sufferers of any degree of inconvenience from the travel of one day and another in succession. With an atmos- phere heated almost to an insufferable degree, a road sometimes deep in sand, and then rough and mountainous, many of our younger brothers were unwilling to acknowledge their inability to vie with any in the corps." On July 3, the corps met and appointed a committee consist- ing of John Savage, Jr., Rufus Emerson, S. L. Pitkin, W. M. Murray and John A. Harleston, to present a vote of thanks to the various towns, and the persons who had entertained the corps on this march. MARCH TO MANCHESTER, VERMONT. 25 In September, 1823, Captain Partridge was invited by the Hon. Richard Skinner, Governor of Vermont, and a resident of Manchester, to cometo that town and make a barometrical measurement of Equinox Mountain. The invitation was accepted and on September 17, Captain Partridge, with a detachment of twenty-seven cadets, left Norwich for Manchester. From the manuscript copy of the "Journal of an excursion made by a party of the Norwich Cadets, September, 1823," by William Gray Brooks, 1824, and presented by him to the Vermont State Historical Society, Montpelier, Vt., we give the essential details of the march. The Journal gives very interesting details of the incidents of the march, notes on the topography of the country passed through and much statistical matter The party left Norwich at 5:30 a. m. September 17, and passed through White River Junction, Hartland, Windsor — at the base of Ascutney Mountain — Weathersfield, reaching Dun- can's Tavern at Black River at 6:00 p. m. Observations were taken on the hill back of White River Junction and at Weathers- field, and the elevations above sea level were found to be 527 feet and 1082 feet respectively. It rained heavily during the afternoon and the cadets were drenched, yet they kept on. They bunked on the hall floor of the hotel. They left Duncan's Tavern at 5:30 a. m. September 18, and passed through East Chester and Andover, crossed the range to Londonderry and at 6:00 p. m. reached the pass leading over Peru Mountain to Winhall. The elevation of the pass was found to be 1942 feet above the sea. They reached the tavern in Win- hall at 6:30 p. m., where they passed the night, having marched thirty-four miles. Captain Partridge, being in a hurry to reach Manchester, pushed on and reached his destination at 9:00 p. m. They left for Manchester the next morning at 5:00 a. m., reaching there at 6 :30 A. M., a distance of six and one-half miles. At 1 :00 p. M. the detachment of cadets with Captain Partridge, Governor Skinner and some residents of the towji, set out for the summit of Equinox Mountain, reaching the highest elevation at 3 :00 p. M. The elevation was found to be 3706 feet above the sea. They returned to the village at 6:00 p. m., having traveled 26 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. fifteen miles this day. In the evening they were entertained at the residence of Governor Skinner. At 9 :00 A. M. September 20, they left Manchester for Rutland, thirty-four miles distance, passing by Dorset Mountain and reaching their destination at 7:30 p. m. They left Rutland at 8:30 a. m., passing by the base of Killington Peak, through Sher- burne, and reaching Woodstock at 6:00 p. m., covering a distance of twenty-eight miles. They left for Norwich the next morning at 6:00 a. m., passing through Quechee and White River Junc- tion, arriving at the barracks at 11:00 a. m. They were gone five and one half days and marched one hundred fifty-nine miles, a large part of the distance being over steep mountain roads in many places very muddy. This record for marching can hardly be ex- celled by the modern athlete. On October 1, 1823, the corps of cadets under command of Captain Partridge left Norwich at 9:30 a. m. for Windsor, arriving there at 5 :00 p. m. The corps was met by the Jefferson Artillery Company, who escorted them to the court house, which had been arranged for their use. They were billeted out for the night, with the inhabitants, At 9:00 a. m. the next morning they were paraded and attended prayers given by Rev. Mr. Wheeler. At 10 : 00 a. m. they gave the various drills and practiced street firing; at 3:00 p. M. a dress parade was given and after the ceremony they were marched to the Episcopal church where the rector, Rev. Mr. Learned, conducted a service. At 7:00 p. m. Captain Partridge delivered his lecture on " Education. ' At 8 30 A. M. the next day a parade was given and at 9:00 a. m. the corps left for Norwich, arriving there at 5 :30 p. m. A committee composed of Edwin F. Johnson, A. Kennedy, William G. Brooks, F. B. Trepagnier, Alfred Stanley, Thomas B. Adams and B. Williams was appointed by the corps to draw up resolutions of thanks to the people of Windsor for their generous hospitality. We give a copy of the letter written by George M. Totten to his sister in New Haven. It gives interesting data in regard to the march to Burlington, Vt., and a comparison between the appearance of the " A. L. S. & M." cadets and the Yale students. Military Academy, Norwich, May 25th, 1824, Dear Sister: We are preparing for the march as fast as possible, which we have con- templated to begin in about two weeks. The Captain says if nothing happens MARCH TO BURLINGTON, VERMONT. 27 we will certainly go as far as Plattsburg (then shall I go over the same ground where my kinsman, Captain Joseph Gilbert Tottcn, U. S. A., won his pro- motion at the point of his sword, by saving the colors) and then if we stand it well enough, will proceed as far as Montreal. Two students from Yale college are now on a visit during the vacation. They look awfully shabby along side of us. ^\"ith regard to my French study, the Captain says I am not to begin yet, because I have 5 studies already which is as many as I can attend to until after the march. While we are on the march, we are going to sleep on the ground, but 'how we are to get food, I do not know, for we expect to be gone at least 3 weeks if not more — we cannot carry it all with us, although we expect to carry enough for two or three days. We expect to have the knapsacks ready for the march, they are to be painted dark blue with an escutcheon painted upon them; these letters, A. L. S. & M. Academy, in red and white. Excuse the dryness of this letter as there is no news — only military duty. Please remember me to all the family. Your affectionate Brother, G. M. TOTTEN. On Wednesday, June 9, 1824, at 8 p. m., the corps organized as a battalion and headed by their band, under leadership of Prof. William W. Bailey, left Norwich for Burhngton, Vt. Their baggage was transported by teams. Their march the first day was through Norwich, Hartford, Quechee, Woodstock, to Bridgewater, a distance of twenty -two miles, where they arrived at 6:00 P. M. They were entertained by the people of the town. The next morning at 6:00 a. m. the corps left for Rutland. Their march led for some time along the branch of the Quechee river, then over the mountain to Shrewsbury and through that town. Rutland was reached in the early evening and they were billeted with the inhabitants. Friday, June 11th, was spent in''the"various"drills,''which were witnessed by large crowds. The various places of interest were visited by the corps. Captain Partridge gave in the afternoon a lecture on militarj^ matters. Saturday, June'l2,'at'8:00 a. m. a parade was given, after which prayers were offered by Rev. Mr. Walker then; the various evolu- tions of the battalion were executed. At 3:80 p. m. a public dinner was given to Captain Partridge and the corps; after dinner Captain Partridge gave a military lecture. Sunday, June 13, the corps attended divine worship at Rev. Mr. Walker's meeting house ; at 7 :00 p. m., the corps left Rutland for Castleton, ten miles distant, where they staid for the night. 28 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. Monday, June 14, at 6:00 a. m., the march was resumed, which led through Castleton and Fah^haven and Whitehall, New York, was reached at 1:00 p. m., where they embarked on the Congress which was to take them down Lake Champlain the next day. Tuesday, June 15, at 4:00 a.m. the corps left for Burlington. They landed at Ticonderoga and the ruins of the old fort were inspected. Captain Partridge gave them the history of the military operations in this section of the country during the Revolutionary War. They re-embarked and at noon they passed historic Crown Point. It was at first planned to visit this spot, but they were forced to give it up, owing to lack of time. At 6 P. M. the harbor at Burlington was reached, where they were received with booming of cannon. A committee of citizens from that city met the corps and hospitably welcomed it. The corps was billeted with the inhabitants. Wednesday, June 16, the corps visited the University of Vermont. We quote from the "Journal of the March": " But a few days previous to our arrival the place lost this, its pride and ornament, (main University building) by fire. The walls only now remain, which were of brick, four stories high, 160 feet in length and 50 ft. breadth, with projections in front and rear." Other places of interest were visited. At 10:00 a. m. the corps was paraded and gave the various drills. Rev. Mr. Preston gave prayers at the close of the drills. Thursday, June 17, the corps gave exhibition drills and at 5 :00 p. M., embarked on the Congress for Plattsburgh. They left the city amid booming of cannon, the corps band playing various patriotic and popular selections. They reached Plattsburgh at 1:00 p. M., and were hospitably entertained by the inhabi- tants. Friday, June 18, the corps was paraded. The old canton- ment was visited. The harbor and military storehouses were inspected under guidance of Major Hersey, U. S. A. Saturday, June 19, the corps was paraded and marched to the cantonment and after prayers by Rev. Mr. Whelply the various drills were executed. The corps was then reviewed by Major General Mooers. Sunday, June 20, the corps attended divine service which was closed by an able address to the cadets. Monday, June 21, at 8:00 a. m. the corps paraded and gave the various drills. It was planned to visit Montreal, but as an unwillingness MARCH TO BURLINGTON, VERMONT. 29 was expressed by the government authorities to allow this, the inarch to that city was given up. We quote from the Canadian Times of June 18, 1824. " We read in a Burlington paper that it is the intention of Captain Partridge and his corps of cadets to visit Montreal in the course of a tour which they are now making in the north. Before any such step is taken, we should suppose it better that the effect should be considered. We are most ardent in our wishes, that nothing may be done to create broils or discontent between this country and our neighbours, but we doubt whether the appearance of one or two hundred young men, preparing to become officers in the United States Army, armed and equipped, would be a grateful sight to our citizens. And if their presence would not give pleasure, they surely should not come; for their own situation, under such circumstances, would be peculiarly disagreeable. When all remembrance is obliterated of former animosity betwixt this country and the United States, — -when feelings of perfect friendship are established, then such a display of such offensive materials may be taken as mere pastime, and the students of Norwich would be cordially received. But, while the kindly sentiments, which similarity of laws, language, and institutions ought to produce, are slowly forcing themselves into being, — while yet the feelings of friendship are tardily re- covering from the late hostility with the United States, — while the least idea exists that this country may be involved in warfare with that, their cadets will do injury to the cause by a display of their ranks among us. No one can feel more desirous than we that the most kindly intercourse should exist between the two countries, but we are not anxious to have the perfection of their institutions impressed upon our minds in the matter proposed. The irritation, if there should be any, would be local it is true, but even that is worthy of avoiding," The corps left the city at 3 :00 p. m. on the Phoenix for Basin Harbor, near the mouth of the Otter Creek River, where they arrived at 10:00 p.m. They stayed that night in the storehouse near the dock. On the arrival of the boat, a messenger from the Mayor of Vergennes gave Captain Partridge a letter inviting them to visit the city and offering the hospitality of the city. Tuesday, June 22, the corps marched to Vergennes. As they neared the city they were met by the Mayor, corporation, and a 30 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. delegation of the principal citizens. The Mayor, General Barnum, delivered a brief address, welcoming Captain Partridge and the corps. We quote from the address : " We feel in common with them and the whole country the importance and usefulness of the institution, which, by your o>vn exertions, has been brought to its present state of perfection. We hope and trust that our country, whose interests you have so zealously exerted yourself to promote, may not fail of granting that liberal patronage you so justly deserve. To you, Sir, it must be a flattering consolation to know that no individual, (except yourself) in any country, has ever made a similar attempt with any degree of success. And God grant that your most sanguine expectations in this laudable undertaking may be fully realized. Such accommoda- tions as our little city affords are most cheerfully offered for your comfort and convenience." Captain Partridge responded in a brief address. A salute was fired in their honor as they marched into the city. They were billeted among the inhabitants. Wednesday, June 28, the corps paraded at an early hour and the various drills were executed. Then they attended divine worship conducted by Rev. Mr. Lovell. At 9 :00 a. m. the corps left the city, being escorted to the borders of the town by the mayor, corporation and prominent citizens. The route led through New Haven, and Middlebury was reached at 1 :00 p. m. A committee of citizens met the corps at the Middlebury line and welcomed them to town. President Bates of Middlebury College delivered an elo- quent address of welcome. Amid the booming of cannon they were conducted to the "College Green," where dinner was served the men. They were then marched to the Court House Square, and billeted with the inhabitants. The college and other places of interest were then visited by the cadets. Thursday, June 24, the corps gave exhibition drills which had to be suspended owing to a heavy shower. Friday, June 25, the corps left Middlebury at 7:00 a. m., the march lead- ing up to the heights of Ripton, over the main range of the Green Mountains to White River valley at Hancock, reaching Rochester, twenty-five miles distant from Middlebury, in the early evening, where they were entertained by the citizens of the town. Saturday, June 26, at an early hour the corps was paraded and the march was begun for Sharon, twenty- seven miles distant. The route led up the mountain to Rochester Hollow, over the mountain to Bethel, MARCH TO THE WHITE MOUNTAINS. 31. through Royalton to Sharon village, which was reached at 7 :00 p. m. Sunday, June 27, the corps left for Norwich, 11 miles distant, at 7:00 a. m., arriving at the ''Academy" at 10:00 a. m. The distance marched by the corps was about two hundrad and ninety miles and during the time only one cadet was ill. A committee of cadets, consisting of Joseph D. Allen, J. B. Rodney, J. S. Wallace, Hiram P. Woodworth and A. Kennedy, was chosen by the corps to extend to the various towns and cities where they had been enter- tained, a vote of thanks for the hospitality shown them. Joseph D. Allen was the historian for the trip, and Elisha Dunbar the topographical engineer. Notes were taken on the topography of the country and elevations were taken at 15 stations, as follows: (1) Military Academy, 430 feet; (2) White River, 232 feet; (3) Hartford Meeting House, 730 feet; (4) Quechee Village, 415 feet; (5) Woodstock Court House, 598 feet; (6) Bridgewater, 812 feet; (7) Sherburne, 1,075 feet; (8) summit of pass over the mountain, Woodstock to Rutland, 1,882 feet; (9) Killington Peak, metrical measure- ment, 3,924 feet; (10) Shrewsbury Peak (trigonometrical measure- ment), 4,034 feet; (11) Rutland Court House, 687 feet; (12) Otter Creek in Rutland, 467 feet; (13) Castleton Village, 494 feet; (14) Fair Haven Village, 370 feet; (15) Lake Champlain at White- hall, 96 feet. There was evidently a mistake in the names of the two mountains, stations (9) and (10). A detachment of fifty cadets, under command of Capt. Partridge, left Norwich for the White Mountains at 8:30 a. m., September 30, 1824. We give the full account of the march as from the pen of Gideon Welles, '26, the historian of the party. " Crossing the Connecticut River at Norwich, we entered Hanover in state of New Hampshire celebrated for containing one of the most ancient and respected hterary institutions in our country, Dartmouth College. We marched through the village without halting, and bending our course northward, passed a well cultivated country along the banks of the Connecticut. Our road lay in the vicinity of the river, which was generally upwards of a hundred yards wide, and bounded on both sides by lofty banks. A walk of about eighteen miles brought us, about noon, to the village of Orford. At this place we dined and, again at three, continued our journey. Orford is connected by a bridge with Fairlee in Vermont, and though small is a delight- ful village. That rural elegance and simplicity which peculiarly character- izes the villages of New England, is here beautifully displayed. Continuing our course north, we passed through Piermont, a small hamlet, which appears 32 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. to have been formed in consequence of several advantageous mill sites al- ready occupied, and arrived at Haverhill at six. Our journey this day had been almost entirely within the valley of the Connecticut. The country did not indeed present such extensive meadows as distinguished this beautiful stream, but the well cultivated farms in its vicinity evidently originated from the advantages which the river afforded. A good road rendered our march comparatively pleasant, and journeying along the margin of the river we often paused to admire its interesting scenery. On our left, across the river, rose the green hills of Vermont, their verdant sides sprinkled with villages, captivated the eye, while the rugged cliffs of the Moossehillock range hung frowning on our right. Our whole day's march had been within a short distance of this range, their lofty and precipitous sides presenting a bleak and brown appearance, not however entirely devoid of interest. Their bosoms undoubtedly contained resources worthy the attention of the Mineralogist. In approaching Haverhill the valley of the river expanded, and the soil assumed a more fertile appearance. The orchards loaded with fruit and the corn yet standing in the field gave evidence of an abundant harvest. In fine, the people seemed to possess all the requisites necessary for their happiness. The inhabitants were generally of that class who cultivate the soil, and who constitute the strength and pride of our country. Though bred in the walks of obscurity, no individual displays more nobleness of character than the American farmer. Haverhill, the half-shire town of Grafton County, has a commanding situation on the east bank of the Connecticut River, and is connected by a bridge with Newbury in Vermont. Its public buildings are a church, court house, academy and jail. The houses are generally neat and a spacious green adds much beauty to the place. Our whole corps was entertained at the hotels. Friday, Oct. 1st. The morning was one of the finest the season had afforded, and having breakfasted we resumed our march at seven. Our road for several miles was along an elevated plain, considerably higher than the interval lands on the Connecticut. The great "Ox-bow," as it is called, a circuitous bend in the river a short distance above the village of Haverhill, affords the finest meadows in New Hampshire. This fertile vale extended several miles on our left, presenting to the eye a highly picturesque and beautiful landscape. Beneath us was a valley whose faded herbage already exhibited traces of autumn, and where it terminates in the far off distance, by the gentle rise of the Green Mountains, lay the interesting village of Newbury. At ten, passed through "Horse-Meadow," situated in the north part of Haverhill. Two miles from this, we left the Connecticut, which had hitherto been almost constantly in view, and after three miles travel came upon the Amonoosuck, a tributary to the Connecticut, which takes its rise in the White Mountains. Following the course of this stream we soon came to its junction with the Wild Amonoosuck, a rapid and furious torrent that heads in the lofty Moosehillock. W"e arrived at half past eleven at Bath, but without halting proceeded to the upper village, where the hospitality of Messrs. Hutchins and Goodall had provided us a sumptuous entertainment. These gentlemen had ascertained that we should take their village in our march, and with characteristic generosity had provided an elegant repast, which was the more acceptable because unexpected. Leaving with regret our kind entertainers we, at 3, continued our march, expecting to reach MARCH TO THE WHITE MOUNTAINS. 33 Littleton fifteen miles distant. Our road this afternoon was along the wild and romantic banks of the Amonoosuck. The valley of this river has every appearance of having been once the reservoir of a lake of no inconsiderable size. The sun had set when we arrived at Glynville, a small village on the south- east borders of the town of Littleton. There is here a descent of several feet in the river, affording advantageous water privileges, and will probably at some future day render this a manufacturing place. The hospitable inhabi- tants had provided a supper of which each seemed willing to partake, notwith- standing our late hearty dinner. Somewhat fatigued, we early sought that repose necessary to continue our journey the following morning; distance accomplished this day, thirty miles. Appearance of the country was very similar to that of yesterday. Toward the latter part of the day, however, the lofty hills which began to rise upon either side of our road — the rapid and broken current of the river, plainly evinced our approach to a more mountainous district. The peaks of Bethle- hem and the lofty summits of the Franconia ridge were pointed out, as inter- cepting our view of the White Mountains, which were now only twenty-five miles distant. Saturday, Oct. 2d. After a refreshing sleep, we arose in fine spirits expecting to complete our journey this day to Mt. Washington. The morning, though cold was clear and pleasant, and after a substantial breakfast which our friends had provided, we set forward at seven. Crossing the Amonoosuck at this place, we began to ascend a more elevated region. A walk of four miles, continually ascending, brought us to Bethlehem's meeting house. Here Capt. Partridge made an observation. From this place we had a distant though imperfect view of the White Mountains. Without stopping longer than was necessarj' to make the observations mentioned, we continued our march through Bethlehem, which has for about two miles upon the road a scattered and thin population. Passing this we entered the forest of Breton's Woods, which, in a distance of fourteen miles, has but one solitary habitation. The trees were principally beech, maple, birch, and the majestic pine. This valuable tree, the spontaneous production of the woods of New Hampshire, exhibits at this time but few specimens of its primitive glory. Still, the traveller occasionally meets with a stately span which the axe has spared, and which tower far above the surrounding forest. These specimens are, however, rare and every year becoming less numerous. Long ere others can grow to fill their places, these venerable relics of ages will fall beneath the axe of the enterprising but too thoughtless adventurer. A march of eighteen miles, mostly through this forest, brought us to Crawford's, the last dwelling on the west side of the mountains. From this place they were distinctly seen, high pointing to the heavens and their summits capped with clouds. At intervals, when the mist which obscured our view was dissipated, Mt. Washington could be seen lifting his hoary brow above the others, and like him, from whom it derives its name, was elevated far above surrounding creation. On the north, Jefferson presents his venerable head, second to Washington alone— while to the south, Adams, Madison and Monroe, "in quick succession rise." Amidst them the conical height, justly though temporarily named "Pleasant," stands conspicuous. As far as vegetation reigned, the dark, umbrageous shade of evergreens gave them a gloomy and melancholy appearance. Deep ravines which torrents, through 34 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. ages of time, had worn in their bosoms rendered them highly romantic, and made them, as it is reported they were, fit subjects of superstitions to the untutored Indian. Well might these lofty summits, which have not a com- parison from the Cordilleras of Mexico to the frozen ocean, suggest to the unlettered mind of these sons of the forest an idea of Divinity. After dinner a part of our corps visited the celebrated Notch, (a narrow defile in the moun- tains, through which is the Portland and Lancaster turnpike. The remainder started at four for the camps at the foot of Mt. Washington. Following the turnpike mentioned, for about three-fourths of a mile toward the Notch, we then left it for a narrow foot path, which had been cut with some difficulty through the woods and which led directly to the camp. Our pathway was impeded by rocks, stumps, fallen trees, bogs, morasses, and frequently by streams of water across which had fallen some neighboring tree that served as a bridge. Sometimes our course was along the margin of the Amonoosuck and as we traversed its rocky banks we were alternately delighted and astonish- ed with the romantic wildness of the place and its hurried and impetuous waterfalls. It was twilight when we arrived at the camps, — two hunting sheds built of bark in which we were to pass the night. They were erected at the foot of the ascent to Mt. Washington by Mr. Crawford, the guide, for the accommodation of such persons as curiosity should induce to visit it, surrounded by lofty hendocks and pines. At no great distance a mountain torrent swept its way foaming and chaffing the rocks that impeded its course. After repeated trials we at length kindled a fire, whose cheerful blaze threw a broad gleam over the surrounding gloom. A supper was soon pre- pared from such means as our knapsacks afforded, and of which we partook with eagerness. Fatigued with this day's exertions, particularly that of the last seven miles, each one sought his blanket and throwing himself upon the ground slept soundly till morning. Sunday, Oct. 3. Scarcely had dawn appeared, when we again ranged our- selves around our " Humble Board,' ' and after a hearty breakfast commenced clambering the mountain. For more than a mile our path was through a thick growth of woods, where roots and fallen trees rendered our ascent laborious. At length the trees began to diminish in stature, and when within about a mile of the summit, descended to a few low dwarfs whose branches projected in an horizontal direction and nothing was to be seen but a pile of barren and stupendous rocks. We here paused to take a view of the country, extending to the west, and the immense pile of mountains that seemed thrown in wild confusion around us. The heights of Franconia were immediately before us; beyond them extended the Moosehillock range, and farther still might be seen the Green Mountains, bounding the distant horizon. In ascending, we became enveloped in clouds, and the cold which had continually increased as we approached the summit, was soon almost insupportable. Snow had fallen several days previous, and ice was formed in many places, which added difficulty and even danger to our ascent. But by perseverance we at length surmounted all obstacles, and thought ourselves amply compensated for the fatigue we had undergone, by placing our feet on the highest summit east of the Mississippi. We were, however, debarred the pleasure that had been anticipated in viewing the surrounding country from this lofty eminence, by dense clouds that lay beneath us. In consequence of this, our stay was not protracted longer than was requisite to take the necessary observations for MARCH TO NEW YORK CITY AND HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT. 35 ascertaining the mountain's altitude, when benumbed with cold, we hastened down to the camp, and from thence to Crawfords' which we reached at half past two. After dinner we proceeded to the Notch, and Monday morning, Oct. 4, left Crawford's at eight on our return, and reached Littleton, eighteen miles, at twelve. We were received here with the same hospitality as on the second inst., and after dinner started afresh for Bath where we arrived at seven. We found quarters at the two spacious hotels in the lower village. Bath is a flourishing village, and when it will have the direct comnuinication with the cities on our sea-board, by means of the navigation of the Connecticut, will become the seat of extensive business. It is surprising that this river, the pride of New England and flowing more than four hundred miles through the most populous and flourishing section of our country — its borders inhabited by a race noted for their enterprise, should be so intensely neglected, when, by trifling exertion, it might be made the means of enriching the numerous villages that grace its margin, and giving energy to all who reside in its vicinity. When that spirit of improvement, which so eminently distinguishes the citi- zens of a neighboring state shall have extended to the banks of the Connecticut, and rendered it navigable, Bath will rise in importance. Friday, October 8. Left Bath at eight, passed through Haverhill at eleven, Orford at three, and reached the "Military Academy" late in the p. M., having travelled the last day, forty-two miles, and completed a march of one hundred and sixty miles, in six days, a considerable part of which was over a rough and mountainous district, that has justly obtained the appellation of the "Switzerland of America." Thus ended our excursion to the White Mountains. An excursion that was undertaken as much for instruction with amusement, and which for a few days interrupted the uniform tenor of our academic pursuits. We trust, however, that they were days not unprofitably spent, and are sensible that we shall hereafter remember them as an interesting era in our youthful annals, to which our minds will revert with sentiments of the purest satisfaction." During ]\Iay and June, 1825, Captain Partridge and a de- tachment of twenty-five cadets made a trip to New York City, via ]\Iiddletown, Conn. They returned by way of Albany, N. Y. We quote from the Middletown Sentinel of April 27, 1825: "Captain Partridge of the Military School at Norwich, Vt., accompanied by twenty-five of his scholars, arrived in this city on Thursday last and departed in the steamboat last evening for New York. We understand they intend to visit the ]\Iiddle States and return by the way of Albany. These young men, owing to the mode of instruction and exercise adopted by their teachers, present a fine, hardy appearance. They travel mostly on foot, carrying their clothing in their knapsacks. " The corps of cadets numbering two hundred left Middletown, on the morning of Tuesday, Nov. 15, 1825, for Hartford. They were hospitably received by the citizens of that city and by the 36 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. students of Washington College (Trinity). After parading through the principal streets, they gave exhibition drills. Thej' were billeted with the inhabitants. Owing to a heavy rain the drills were suspended in the forenoon of the 16th. In the after- noon the oorps was marched to Washington College where several drills were given. At 9. a. m., the 17th, the corps was assembled on the green east of the State House. A hollow square was formed. Prayer was made by Rev. Walter Colton, Chaplain of the " Academy." Then several drills wer^ given. At 10 a. m. the students of Washington College, preceded by the faculty, met the cadets. An address was made by Isaac E. Cary, one of the Washington College students. The corps returned to Middle- town on the afternoon of the 17th on the steamboat Oliver Ellsworth. The Hartford Times states: "There is at this time no seminary of education in the State of Connecticut that attracts more attention or calls for more remarks than the seminary and pupils of Captain Partridge. The reputation of his seminary and his mode of instruction is well known and duly appreciated by the people of this great and growing country. The location of it in Connecticut is hailed by many as an auspicious event. * * * It may be said to be in principle a National Institute. It has long been the ardent wish of the friends of science in America that a National University should be instituted, in which would be brought together the youth of our country from every section of it, in which would be disseminated those national feelings which would exterminate sectional partialities. It is hoped, as this object is not yet accomplished, that Captain Par- tridge's Seminary will become a substitute, as it is understood that his pupils are from every state in the Union. Capt. Par- tridge and his pupils have the good wishes of the lovers of science, of order and decorum, the prayers of the good and the approba- tion of all.' ' During November 17 and 18, 1825, the younger members of the corps made an extended march to Haddam, Conn. The corps of cadets left Middletown, Wednesday* a. m., May 23, 1826. We give the account as written by a cadet, the historian of the march : MARCH TO NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT. 37 Tuesday evening orders were given that every arrangement should be made, and every one prepared to start by break of day on the following morn- ing; accordingl}^ about 2 o'clock, we were aroused from our soothing dreams of home and "other times" by the loud rattle of the Reveille Drum; and although the duties of the two preceding days had been extremely fatiguing — although our slumbers of the past night had been broken without a single regret, all were ready in an instant; breakfast over, each one receiving his day's rations and stowing it away in his knapsack, orders were given to "fall in," and we immediately formed open columns of companies ready to take up our line of march. It was not far from 4 o'clock; morning light just began to dawn, when our little battalion consisting of one hundred, moved off with buoyant spirit and bounding steps, to the sound of the drum and bugle' greeted by the roar of the cannon, belonging to the Artillery corps in the city. After having marched something more than a mile, a halt was ordered, the music ceased, and word was given to advance with the route step. On the way to New Haven nothing marvelous occurred; — as is almost always the case in life, we failed to make a proper estimate of our own powers at first setting out, although frequently cautioned by Capt. Partridge, and told that "A good soldier would always commence so as to make the last mile as well as the first," the consequence was that some of us suffered severely from blistered toes and aching heads. We contented ourselves, however, with the reflection that these were some of the benefits of Capt. Partridge's system — benefits that poor human nature is not over fond of enjoying — nevertheless to know what it is to suffer, and how to bear manfully, is not the least useful kind of knowledge we can possess. We arrived within a mile of New Haven about one o'clock, here we waited, agreeably to a previous understanding, until between three and four o'clock when the Committee came out to wel- come and escort us into the city. We were marched to the beautiful green in front of the state house, literally covered with dust and sweat. In a few moments we were all invited to the houses of the citizens, and received with a warmth of heart and feeling that could not fail to make a deep and lasting impression upon the minds of the whole corps. The next morning the cadets had their usual dress parade, etc., after which they were dismissed for the day. We now had an opportunity for viewing the city and vicinity, for vjisiting the public Institutions and attending the sittings of the Legislature. At an early hour many of the Corps were in the Gallery of the House; here we had an opportunity to make ourselves acquainted with the manner of conducting business in legislative bodies and viewing man in the most interest- ing relation he can bear to his fellow man — sitting in judgment upon their interests and happiness, investigating the resources, and debating the means of promoting national wealth and prosperity. These are others of the ad- vantages afforded by Captain Partridge's system; and if to become acquainted with public men and public business, if to contemplate man standing in all possible relations to his fellowmen, if to scan his actions under all circum- stances, be not an important part of human knowledge, then ought oppor- tunities for acquiring it have a place in a system of Education designed to prepare youth for acting well their parts in the drama of human existence. The afternoon of Thursday was spent in viewing the numerous public buildings in the city and visiting the splendid cabinet belonging to Yale College. In the evening Capt. Partridge gave a lecture to a numerous and 38 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. deeply attentive audience. After the lecture, the corps, in consequence of an invitation previously given, attended Mr. Lee's concert at the Columbian Garden. Friday morning after our usual parade we were reviewed by Gov. Wolcott, and to the whole corps it must be a source of the greatest pleasure to know that he expressed in the warmest terms his admiration of their con- duct and appearance. The remainder of the forenoon was spent in various military exhibitions, firing, etc. In the afternoon we were ordered to prepare to return to Middletown. About 7 o'clock, with feelings of deep regret, we were obliged to bid our new friends adieu, and immediately commenced our march back. We were waited upon out of the city by the Committee, and followed by a large concourse of people. After travelling all night, the corps arrived at Durham; here they rested until Saturday morning when they returned to the "Academy," and although many of us suffered not a little from fatigue and pain, all are convinced that in no other way could they have spent the time so profitably or indeed so pleasantly. The New Haven Herald, May 24, 1826, gave the following notice of the cadets in an editorial: "Their marchings, firings, etc., were executed with admirable precision and effect, and all their evolutions were performed in a manner which we have never seen surpassed. Such is the result of proper organization and regular discipline. The usual discipline of the school was observed by the cadets while here, their appearance was highly respectable, their demeanor polite and orderly and their visit gratifying and acceptable." Captain Partridge was invited by the corporation of the city of New York to assist in celebrating the fiftieth anniversary of the American Independence, July 4, 1826. The corps numbering 265 cadets, embarked on the steamboat Oliver Ellsworth at Middletown, Friday night, July 3, but owing to a heavy fog did not reach the city until 9 a. m. They were received by Col. Wetmore's regiment of the state militia. The New York Spectator says: "The precision of the Cadets and, young as many of them were, the vigor with which they withstood the fatigues of an intensely hot clay, attracted universal admiration." The New York Evening Post, speaking of the manoeuvres of the cadets of the 4th, says : " The accuracy of their manoeuvres and marchings could not well be surpassed. And when we take into consideration that each of these soldier boys, some not 14 years old, were harnessed with all the trappings of war, besides a musket of 14 pounds' weight, their performance was truly astonish- ing. It seems to show that a military and civil education may be so combined as to render them a support and ornament mutually to each other." THE MARCH TO NEW YORK STATES. 39 In the evening a banquet was given "the corps" by Gen. Benedict which the various militia officers and many distinguished guests attended. Among the toasts were the following: "The Commander and Cadets of the 'A. L. S. & M. Academy' — science, learning and discipline controlling the ardor of youth and sha- ping the course of honor and usefulness," by Col. Ingraham, "The Academy of Middletown — its principles an honor to the country; the proficiency of its pupils a credit to the talents and assiduity of the Instructor," by Col. Wetmore; "The volunteer corps and militia of the State of New York — the right arm of the civil authority," by Capt. Partridge. On Wednesday a. m., July 5, Captain Partridge paraded the corps in front of the City Hall. We quote from the New York Evening Post: "The fine military appearance of the cadets soon attracted several thousand persons to the spot. After going through the usual formalities of a regular morning parade, they formed in a line and commenced a series of well-executed manoeuvres, which would have done honor to the oldest corps of the regular army. There were present a number of officers of the U. S. Army and Militia, who frequently mentioned the great delight and satisfaction they derived in witnessing the drill of these interesting youths. A distinguished French general was present, and in the warmest terms expressed his admiration of the accuracy, rapidity and precision with which the manoeuvres were executed. The cadets, at the conclusion of the drill, fired in line, by alternate companies, the feu de joie, and showed off in great style, firing from the head of the column and retiring by the flanks to reload. After- wards they formed in a hollow square, when His Honor, the Mayor, and several members of the Common Council, marched into the center. Here Capt. Partridge was addressed as follows by the Mayor : "Sir — I cannot permit the fine corps under your command to leave the city, without expressing the admiration I have experi- enced in witnessing their military performances, and in the name of the Corporation, tendering you our thanks, and those of our fellow citizens, for your kind and well-timed visit. We have been delighted and astonished to witness, in so young a corps, the most perfect discipline and gentlemanly deportment; and the splendor of our late jubilee has greatly been enhanced by their presence. It is the fiftieth anniversary of the Declaration of Independence, and the citizens of New York have made ex- 40 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. traordinary preparations for its celebration; but no part of the exhibition has been so interesting as the appearance of the youth- ful soldiers by whom I am now surrounded. May they be ready at all times when required to defend our beloved country; and may the return of the next half century find many of them in health and happiness. We shall be rejoiced on future occasions to receive the visits of your corps, and be prepared to give them a cordial welcome. " The cadets reformed the line, broke into column, and marched by invitation from the Park to the Navy Yard, Brooklyn, and from thence to view the fortification at Governor's Island; and on their return in the afternoon, embarked for Middletown in the steam- boat, Oliver Ellsworth. When they marched out at the Park Gate and were about taking leave, the citizens gave three hearty cheers." A gentleman in New York wrote a friend in Middletown, under date of July 6, 1826 : " I have no doubt that the visit of Capt. Partridge and his cadets to New York will be productive of great advantage to the Institution. The excellence of their appearance is still the theme of every day's conversation and several parents that did not expect that their^^sons would remain there another year are determined to continue them at the Institution.' ' The corps, on July 17, 1826, through a committee of twenty- one cadets, one from each state (eighteen) and the three foreign countries represented in their number, sent the corporation of New York and the various military officers who had extended courtesies to them, resolutions of thanks for their kind entertain- ment. We give the letter written by Cadet George M. Totten, 27, to his sister in New Haven. Middletown, Conn., July 8, 1825. Dear Sister: I have been so busy for a long time, that I have not had an opportunity of answering your letter before this. Before we went to New York, I was very busy, I was obliged to attend to my regular duties as well as to prepare for the march, but it is all over now and I sit down to give you a detailed story of our expedition. On Monday, the 3d, (which was the day appointed for our departure) we left this place in the steamboat Oliver Ellsworth at 1 o'clock p. m., and expected to arrive in New York by seven next morning, but when we got CADET TOTTEN's LETTER — MARCH TO NEW YORK CITY. 41 within about thirty miles of the city (which was at 3 o'clock a. m.) a fog came up, and not having a skillful pilot, lost our way and did not arrive until 10 a. m. By this delay, we lost a very important part in the proceedings such as having a part in the salutes, which were to be fired on our arrival and answered by us from the boat, and also the presentation of a standard to the National Guards by Gov. DeWitt Clinton. However, when we arrived, we were received by a great concourse of people on the dock, where we did not delay at all. I just had time to speak to my dear brother Charles, (Totten) who looks splendid in his regular uniform We marched directly up to the Battery where we were immediately formed in line and were reviewed by a General, I don't recollect his name. Afterwards we were formed in a column, the rest also being formed in a column, and marched by the Mayor's House where we were reviewed by him and Governor Clinton, who was standing upon the steps, but the crowd was so great and my military collar so high, I could not distinguish him then, though I looked verj' eagerly out of the corners of my eyes for him. Then we marched to the park where we fired a feu de joie of five rounds; then we marched to the Bowerj', and partook of a cold collation and were immediately dispersed. By this time it was 4 p. m., we had been drilling six hours in the hot sun with a knapsack, weighing about fourteen pounds, on our backs. We had had nothing to drink since six o'clock that morning, the water on the boat being all used. Very few of the cadets had shut their eyes the night before, for we were obliged to lay on the upper deck with nothing but a blanket to cover us — being 280 in number (including the musicians) — you may think how much noise there would be. After we were dispersed, I found Charles' quarters — and how those Regular Army men treated me; all I wanted. There I met our cousin. We remained until after tea, when we went out with the intention of seeing the fireworks in the Park, but in consequence of a shower, which we had this afternoon, they were postponed. Then we returned and retired to bed. On Wednesday, at 9 a. m. according to orders given the day before, we met in the Park and the parade being over, were reviewed by the Mayor. We went through the marching and firing. It was near 12 o'clock when we left the park amidst the hurrahs of thousands. We marched aboard the steamer Oliver Ellsworth and went to the Governor's Island and the Na\'y Yard. Now, according to arrangements previously made, we were to go to West Point, — it was 4 p. M., the time we were to start and all were in expectation of going, but suddenly the Captain (Partridge) gave orders that every one should arrange immediately to be prepared to set off for Middletown as soon as possible. No one knew what to think of it, and no one knew the reason of it. No one wished to go for they were all fatigued But submit every one must, we asked the Captain to stay — the instructors who were with us implored him to stay — he would give no reason. He said there was every appearance of a storm (as there was) and that there was not enough to cover us. This was the first time I ever knew a storm to stop Capt. Partridge. But it was impossible for all to be ready at the time the boat started so she had to wait — some of us were obliged to go one or two miles for our luggage — about two-thirds got ready and started two hours after the regular time, the others arrived here in yesterday's boat. 42 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. Many reasons have been given for the Captain's abrupt departure — "whether they are right or not, no one can tell. The New York people say it was because he was not invited to dine with the corporation, as the officers of all the other corps on duty were. They also say that we were not treated with the attention we deserved. Our corps they say drew thousands around us, while the others attracted no attention at all and to show the respect the rabble had for us, they refrained from pelting our corps with squibs and crack- ers as they did the other corps, we passed unmolested — and were cheered. Your affectionate brother, G. M. TOTTEN. A detachment of 100 of the younger members of the corps left Middletown, Tuesday, September 26, 1826, for Hartford, Conn., reaching that city in the early p. m. They were hospitably entertained by the citizens. They were met by the 1st regiment of Connecticut Militia, who escorted them to the city. The detachment paraded in East Hartford. The Hartford Times states: ''They were the youngest part of the cadets but displayed the correct and precise behaviour of veterans." The detachment left Hartford Wednesday morning and stayed in Thompsonville that night. They reached Springfield Thursday A. M., and after inspecting, the U. S. Armory were given a public dinner at Russell's Coffee House by the citizens. The Springfield Republican oi October 11, 1826, states: ''The little soldiers, some of whom appeared too small for their muskets and knapsacks did, nevertheless, display fine military discipline and gentlemanly conduct.' ' The cadets gave several exhibition drills. It was intended to have continued the march to Northampton, but owing to the heavy rains the trip to that city was given up. The detachment left Springfield Friday morning in two boats. They were entertained in Hartford that night and the next morning gave exhibition drills, and 'visited Washington College (Trinity College). The detachment was escorted to the boat by the students of that institution under command of Cap- tain Crarey. On their reaching the boat, Captain Partridge gave an address to the students of the college. They then em- barked on the steamboat Macdonough for Middletown. We quote from the Hartford Times: "During the stay of 1he cadets in this place, their whole deportment and gentlemanly conduct added to their already acquired reputation and the fame of their distinguished instructor.' ' THE MARCH TO WEST POINT. 43 A detachment of forty-one cadets, under command of Cap- tain Partridge, left Middlctown at 10 a. m., November 1, 1826, for West Point, N. Y. The march led through Berlin, and at 2 p. M. they crossed the southern portion of Talcott's mountain and reached Farmington, eighteen miles from Middletown, Saturday at 3 p. m. It rained most of the time. The historian of the trip states: "We continued our course as if too proud of the appellation of soldiers to be conquered by adverse winds and rain. The cadets were entertained at the homes of George Cowles, Col. Gad Cowles and Maj. William L. Cowles. On No- vember 2 the detachment left Farmington at an early hour, passed through Burlington, Harwinton, over Chestnut Hill, reaching Litchfield at 3 p. m., having marched that day twenty- two miles. Several cadets were entertained by ]\I. S. Deming and the remainder of the detachment was entertained by the in- habitants. November 3 the detachment left Litchfield at 12 o'clock, passing through Warren to the Housatonic River, reaching Sharon at 5 p. m., having marched a distance of twenty miles that day. The detachment was hospitably entertained by the inhabi- tants. November 4, the detachment left Sharon at 7 a. m. The weather was very disagreeable, the mud had frozen in the roads, making the walking very laborious, yet the historian states, " The cadets averaged five miles per hour on the march.' ' They passed through Ansonia, Washington, Pleasant Valley, reaching Pough- keepsie at 1:15 o'clock p. m., having been six hours and fifteen minutes walking thirty miles. At 5 p. m. they took the steam- boat Saratoga for West Point, reaching their destination at 8 o'clock p. M. Sunday, November 5, the cadets inspected the grounds and buildings of the U. S. Military Academy and attended chapel. The number of cadets at the U. S. Military Academy at this time numbered 250, while the attendance at the " A. L. S. & M." was 287. At 3 o'clock p. m., the detachment took the steamboat New Philadelphia for New York, reaching their destination at 7:30 p. m. The cadets were entertained at Tammany Hall and Washington Hall. Monday, November 6, the cadets visited various places of interest in the city and at this time, Mr. Browere, the American artist, finished the bust, en militaire of Captain Partridge, which was to be placed in his National Gallery. At 4 p. m, they took the steamboat Macdonough, for Middletown. Owing to a dense fog the boat was detained several hours in one of the 44 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. inlets of Long Island Sound. The "Academy " was reached at 10 o'clock A. M., November 7. Six of the cadets, A. C. Antill, H. L. Barnum, W. J. Bennett, L. J. Gourdin, B. F. Patten, and E. A. Phelps, walked from West Point to New York. They reached Poughkeepsie, eighteen miles below West Point at 7 p. m. The next morning, November 6, they crossed the Hudson in a row boat, visited Stony Point, passed down the Hudson through Tappan, and at 5 p. m. they reached Herrington, Bergen County, N. J., where they stayed that night. At 9 a. m., Novem- ber 7, they left Herrington, reached Hoboken at 4 p. m., and New York City at 4:30. They took the steamboat for New Haven on the morning of the eighth of November, and from New Haven proceeded by stage to Middletown, reaching the "Academy" at 10 p. M. On December 4, 1826, si detachment of cadets numbering eighty-two men left Middletown at 1 o'clock p. m., on the steam- boat Oliver Ellsworth, for New York, where they arrived early the next morning. The detachment was escorted to Washing- ton Hall by the Tompkins Blues, under command of Captain Tompkins. The cadets remained in the city until December 7, the time being spent in visiting the various places of interest. At noon on the 7th, the cadets were escorted to dock by the Tompkins Blues and embarked on one of the Union Line steamers for New Brunswick where they arrived in the early evening. The forenoon of the 8th was spent in visiting the town and at noon they took stages for Trenton, where they arrived in the early evening. They were hospitably entertained by the citizens. The next morning they took stages for a point down the line six miles distant from Trenton, where they embarked on the boat that was to convey them to Philadelphia. They landed at the Northern Liberties, and were escorted to the United States' Hotel, situated near the center of the city, by the Washing- ton Greys, under command of Captain Childs. On Sunday, the 10th, they attended divine worship, in the morning, afternoon and evening. On the 11th, they visited by invitation the U. S. Mint, the Academy of Fine Arts, the Navy Yard, and in the evening the Museum. On the 12th, the detach- ment was marched under arms to the Fairmount Water Works, where an examination was made of the engineering works. Other places of interest were visited, and in the evening a ball was given in their honor by the Washington Greys at the Masonic Institu- tion. At 11 A. M. on the morning of the 13th the cadets were THE MARCH TO WASHINGTON, D. C. 45 escorted from their quarters by a detachment from Colonel Smith's regiment of volunteers, and by Captain Childs' company of Washington Greys, to the steamboat landing, where they embarked for Frenchtown. At this place they took a steamboat for Baltimore, where they arrived in the early morning. They marched to the Indian Queen Hotel. At 9 a. m. they marched to Fort McHenry, where an inspection was made of the fortifi- cations. Then they marched to the residence of the Hon. Charles Carroll, the only surviving signer of the Declaration of Independ- ence. Captain Partridge, in introducing the cadets said, " These, Sir, are my pupils.' ' Mr. Carroll gave the cadets a hearty welcome and in his speech stated: "In you I see the future defenders of my countiy.' ' In the evening the cadets visited on invitation, the two museums. At 11 A. M. on the 15th they were invited by Mr. Barnum, proprietor of the Cit}' Hotel, to a sumptuous dinner at his hotel, where the cadets met many of the leading citizens of the city. In the afternoon the cadets were escorted to the city limits by a detachment of the 5th regiment under command of Major Finley, where they took coaches to Washington. They stayed that night at Rossburg and at an early hour began their march for the city. Just before they reached the city, they were met by a corps of cadets from the Georgetown Gymnasium, under the command of Capt. Cobb, and were escorted to Williamson's Hotel, where they made their headquarters while in Washington. On December 18th, the corps called on Maj. Gen. Brown at his residence and were hospitably received and there met many of the officers of the United States Army. Then they marched to the National Capitol, where some time was spent in inspecting the various departments. On the 19th they marched to the White House and were cordially received by President Adams. On the 20th the cadets attended the annual commencement of the Columbian College and in the evening attended the President's levee. On the 21st the corps paid their respects to Mr. Barbour, Secretaiy of War, who received them in an eloquent address. He spoke at some length on the importance of militaiy training and complimented Capt. Partridge on the work he was doing. He stated: "Your superintendent, gentlemen, has consulted the best good of his countiy in establishing his system on a permanent footing, and I mean no flattery when I say he is deserving the gratitude of his countiy for his persevering labors for its benefit." 46 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. On December 22d they waited on Vice-President Calhoun who received them very cordially, and expressed his gratification in witnessing a corps of citizen-soldiers in preparation for the varied duties of life. They then inspected the United States Navy Yard and other places of interest. On December 23, they visited Mount Vernon on the invitation of Judge Washington, nephew of Gen. George Washington, and proprietor of the estate. They left Washington at 9 a. m. on a steamboat generously provided for the occasion by the citizens of Georgetown. They were accompanied by Capt. Cobb and his corps of cadets, several U. S. Senators and Representatives, army officers and prominent citizens of Washington. The corps was then formed in double ranks and to the solemn beat of the death march, with arms reversed, proceeded to the tomb where Judge Washington delivered them a brief address on the life and character of Gen. Washington. He exhorted the cadets to live good and useful lives. He was rejoiced to find that the cadets were residents of sections of the Union so widely distant, as it gave him the opportunity of impressing upon their minds the necessity of sacrificing local feel- ings, and uniting in all measures, where the general interest of the nation was at stake. After his address the corps fired three volleys over the last resting place of the " Father of our Country.' ' Capt. Partridge responded and gave a brief outline of the political situation of the country in Washington's time. The vault was opened, and each one was allowed to view the place that contained the mouldering remains of the greatest and best of men. At 3 p. M. they returned to Washington. December 25 was spent in visiting the Typographical Office, Patent Office and other places of interest, and in the evening they attended a ball in Georgetown, given by the '' Citizen-Soldiers,' ' in their honor. December 26, the corps was disbanded to return to their respective homes, before the opening of the Academic term, January 15, 1827. In July, 1827, an extended march was made to the Niagara Falls, N. Y. We give the account of the march from the pen of Luther R. Marsh, written in 1897, seventy years after the event he describes took place: "While I was at the "Academy," the cadets as a body made several excursions, the most extensive being a visit to Niagara Falls. We went by steamboat, by canal boat, and by the ' foot ' line. I recall distinctly the fifteen miles ' march from Schenectady to THE MARCH TO NIAGARA FALLS. 47 Albany. One day Captain Partridge had business at some place which held him over, while we went on, so that the next morning we started with one day's march between us. About noon, the cry was raised along our straggling ranks, 'Old Pewt is coming.' The nickname had been given him because his signature looked as much like ' Pewter' as anything else. Sure enough, as we looked back, we saw him coming. I remember it as forcibly as if I had not recovered from the fatigue of the march. With his scabbarded sword under his arm and a plume in hand, he passed me as a steam car would go by a canal boat. At night, we found him on arrival, at the place of rendezvous. At New York we were received as the guests of the 'Tompkins Blues' and treated with the highest consideration. That regiment still survives in its successor, into which it was merged, — the Old Guard, so long commanded by the late George W. McLean. "At Rochester, m}^ uncle, Josiah Marsh, a resident there and noted for his wit, inquired of some cadets for me, and being told 'He looks like you,' replied jokingl}^ 'Yes, he is very bright.' We formed a hollow square in some public grounds and Congress- man Barnard, a brother of my room-mate, gave this toast: 'Captain Partridge and his corps of cadets, the best substitute for a standing army in time of peace. ' At Black Rock we were most royally entertained, as we paused on our march from the Falls to Lewiston, at the mansion of General Peter B. Porter. He was eminent for militaiy services in 1813, at Chippewa and at Lundy's Lane; had received a sword from the Legislature at New York for his valor at Fort Erie, and a gold medal from Con- gress; had been appointed l^y President Madison as commander- in-chief of our army; was one of the projectors of the Erie canal, and an explorer of its route. He was really the owner of Niagara Falls. He was also a commissioner for settling our northwestern boundar}% and was secretary of war under President Adams. How little could I have then imagined that fifty-seven years there- after I was to spend a summer at the Falls as chairman of a commission to estimate the value of the lands to be taken by the state for a reservation, opening the majestic cataract to the view of visitors from all parts of the world, whereas before, there was not a spot where an American could put his foot and see the plunge unless on payment for the privilege. Of course, the noble monu- ment erected by the British on the heights of Queenstown, in honor of General Brock, who was killed in the battle there in 1813, was an objective point of great interest to military students. 48 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. We had an experience, not easily forgotten, with seasickness for two days and nights, as our steamboat in a gale dragged her anchor two miles an hour among the spiteful waves of Lake Ontario. Our debilitated corps would then have been in a poor condition to invade Canada." Captain Partridge states in the catalogue published August, 1827: — "On the recent excursion of the corps to Buffalo and the Falls of Niagara, they travelled a distance of thirteen hundred miles, being absent about four weeks, and the expense of each, twenty-nine dollars and fifty cents, or about twenty-one dollars more than would have been incurred for board, washing, etc., had they remained at Middletown during the same time. " Such cadets only will be required to go on these excursions as have the consent of their parents or guardians. I am, however, convinced from many years' experience, as well as from the nature of the case, that there is no equal portion of time, during the whole year, in which members of the Institution derive more real advan- tage and are more improved, than while on these excursions. They then have an opportunity of seeing interesting parts of our country, of becoming acquainted with the people, and of acquir- ing a species of practical and every-day knowledge of the world, which can never be derived from books or in the closet. They also have an opportunity of visiting and examining under the most favorable circumstances, our principal public establishments, such as navy yards, arsenals, fortifications, manufactories, also the great works of internal improvement, canals, railroads, bridges, etc., etc. All the foregoing objects, and many others of lesser importance, have passed under the instruction and exam- ination of the members of the Institution within the space of three years. The mind, which is accustomed in early youth to contemplate and examine objects of such magnitude and im- portance, must be enlarged, informed and elevated. On these excursions youths become accustomed to endure fatigue and privation, and also to take care of themselves, which I consider a very important part of education.' ' During 1821-27 there was only one vacation each year, which began the first Monday in December and lasted four weeks. Beginning with 1828 there were two vacations each year. The first began immediately after the examinations in May and lasted three weeks. The second began immediately after the August examination and continued for five weeks. The expenses per year during 1821-25 were as follows: Board EXPENSES — TUITION — ROOMS — UNIFORMS. 49 cost from $78 to $90 per year; tuition in all the regular branches excepting the Hebrew, French and Spanish languages, Fencing and Music, was $10 per quarter or $40 per year, the charge for extra- branches was $5 per quarter for each; room rent, including use of arms and accoutrements, $10 per year. Each cadet was required to furnish his bedding; the cost of the reading room was 37h cents per quarter or 81.50 per year. Students who remained for one or more years were received for two hundred and fifty dol- lars per year which included all the above expenses, and also the ex- penses for fuel, washing and mending, uniforms, the use of books, instruments and bedding, every expense except for the Hebrew and French languages, Fencing and Music. These branches were not considered as comprised in the regular course of education, and those who took these subjects were charged separately. Each student on joining the "Academy " was required to pay one quarter's tuition and room rent in advance, after which pa3^ment was re- quired at the expiration of ever}^ quarter. In 1826 the tuition in the regular studies was $5 per quarter or $20 per year; room rent $8 per year; instruction in the extras, French, Spanish, Fencing, Dancing, Penmanship, Music and lectures in Botany, Chemistry and Mineralogy $5 per year for each; board, including washing and mending, $1.75 per week or $84 for an academic year of 48 weeks; making the entire ex- pense for tuition, board and room rent, $117 per year. In 1827 the tuition, not including extras, was increased to $50 per year. Tuition for French, Spanish, Music, Fencing, Dancing, and the lectures was $5 per quarter. Penmanship $2 per quarter and incidental expenses $4 per j^ear. The rooms of the students were military in their simplicity of equipment. In Norwich from two to four cadets occupied each room. The cadets were required to sleep on mattresses or straw beds and feather beds were prohibited. The cadets took care of their rooms in rotation. The furniture and equipment of each room was uniform. Captain Partridge took every precaution to keep his" Academy "democratic. The rich students were given no more privileges than the poor ones. No cadet was allowed to pay more for his board than the price fixed at the "Academy."- The amount of clothing was restricted to the following schedule: 1st. Uniform coats, two for the fi.rst year, and not to exceed one for every nine months afterward. 50 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. 2d. Blue pantaloons, two pairs for the first year, and not to exceed one for every nine months afterward. 3d. Blue vests, not to exceed one in each year. 4th. Summer pantaloons, four pairs for the first year, and not to exceed two pairs for each year afterward. 5th. Summer vests, four for the first year, and not to exceed two for each year afterward. 6th. Shoes, not to exceed four pairs, and one pair of bootees for each year. 7th. Half gaiters, not to exceed one pair for each year. 8th. Winter stockings, not to exceed four pairs for each year. 9th. Summer stockings, not to exceed five pairs for each year. 10th. Plaid great coats, not to exceed one in two years. 11th. Uniform caps, one for the first year, and not to exceed one for every eighteen months afterward. 12th. Undress caps, not to exceed the number of uniform caps. 13th. Knapsacks, not to exceed one in two years. 14th. Stocks, not to exceed two for the first year and one for every year afterward. 15th. Pocket handkerchiefs, four for the first year and not to exceed two for each year afterward. 16th. Fatigue frocks, two for the first year and not to ex- ceed one for each year afterward. 17th. Fatigue trousers, two pairs for the first year and not to exceed one pair for each year afterwards. ISth. Letter paper, four quires for each year. 19th. Fools cap, four quires for each year. 20th. Quills, not to exceed two bunches, or four dozen, for each year. 21st. Candles, not to exceed one pound per month, from the 20th of March to the 20th of September, and two pounds per month the remainder of the year. 22d. Candlesticks and snuffers, one of each during the time a cadet may be a member of the institution. 23d. Shoe blacking, not to exceed four bottles per year. 24th. Wafers, not to exceed two boxes per year. 25th.f F Penknives, not to exceed one in each year. 26th. • Blank books, not to exceed one in each year for each branch of study which requires the use of one. 27th. Inkstands and sand-boxes, one of each during the time a cadet is a member of the institution. THE COMMONS ATHLETICS — SOCIETIES. 51 28th. Ink, not to exceed two bottles for each year. 29th. Classical books to be regulated by the Superintendent according to the different branches of study in which the pupil is engaged. 30th. Fuel. The amount to be regulated by the Superin- tendent, from time to time, according to the severity of the weather. 31st. Drawing paper, and whatever else may be necessary for those attending to Topography, etc., to be regulated by the Superintendent, according to the circumstances of the case. 32d. It w^ould be advisable for each cadet to bring with him such amount of linen as would be requisite for the first year, at least; after which he would be furnished with what was necessary, under the direction of the Superintendent. The cadets were required to board at the " commons' ' unless special permission was given to board elsewhere. The " commons' ' in the early years was, at times, no more popular than the " Mess Hair ' of more recent years. Many tales are told of " insurrections' ' of the cadets in being forced to eat at the "commons. " Even the distinguished Horatio Seymour was suspended for a time for taking part in a midnight raid on the "commons. ' The athletics of the early times were confined to the military drills, pedestrian tours, fencing, rowing, swimming and skating. Many of the cadets became experts with the foils and the broad- sword. The cadets took especial delight in skating on the Con- necticut River and the story is handed down of the record made by Paul C. Cameron in 1827 in skating fifty continuous miles on the river. The Greek Letter fraternities were unknown in the early days and it is doubtful whether Captain Partridge would have allowed their introduction in the "Academy" as being too secret, for a military institution. Yet societies of literary nature were formed soon after the founding of the "Academy." A newspaper clipping gives an account of a public meeting given in 1823 by an elocutionary society. Two societies existed at Middletown. The "Polemic Society" was formed in 1825 by the faculty and cadets of the " Academy" and met at stated periods in the Lyceum Hall. We also have a record of the "Franklin Society." On July 4, 1827, Cadet Thomas H. Seymour delivered the Fourth of July oration in the Lyceum Hall before the cadets and many invited guests. A meeting of the society was held in their rooms in the "Academy," July 7, 1827, and a vote of thanks was given 52 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. Cadet Seymour for delivering the address, and a committee, con- sisting of W. C. Winchester, R. S. Rogers and J. A. McKaleb, was appointed to convey their thanks to him and to request a copy of the oration for publication. The request was granted and the oration was published in November, 1827, by E. and H. Clark of Middletown, in a pamphlet of fifteen pages. The oration was an able production and Cadet Seymour, though only a youth of twenty years, showed remarkable talent as an orator. Careful attention was given to instruction in elocution and oratory, and in these societies the cadets were enabled to put their instruction in practice. The results of this practical work in the societies is well shown in the long list of cadets who were after- wards noted for their oratory and their public services. We will only mention a few of the more prominent cadets: Horatio Sey- mour, Governor of New York; Thomas H. Seymour, Governor of Connecticut; Valentine B. Horton, Congressman from Ohio; Philip Phillips, Congressman from Alabama; Luther R. Marsh, the distinguished lawyer; Edwin F. Johnson, the distinguished civil engineer; Thomas Bragg, Governor of North Carolina; Truman B. Ransom, president of "Norwich University"; WiUiam A. Beach, the distinguished lawyer of New York; Prof. E. B. Williston, the distinguished author; Theophilus Fisk, the cUstinguished lecturer; Gideon Welles, Secretary of the Navy. At the close of the public examinations in August, 1827, six prizes were given as follows; The first prize, a silver medal, was awarded George C. Powell of Virginia, for the best English oration; the second prize, a silver medal, was given to Joel H. Tracy of Ver- mont, for the best poem; the third prize, a silver medal, was also awarded to Cadet Tracy for the best English dialogue; the fourth prize, a silver medal, was given to Luther R. Marsh for the second best English oration; the fifth prize, a silver medal, was awarded to John H. Vance of Maryland, for excelling in declamation; and the sixth prize, a silver medal, was given Charles H. Graham of New York, as one of the class under fifteen years of age excelling in declamation. In 1828 four silver medals were given for the best English oration, best English poem, best dialogue, and the best work in public declamation. A band was organized at the " Academy" in 1820. The cadet musicians were given their tuition for their services. In 1823, Prof. W. W. Bailey was given charge of the band and continued at the " Academy" until the removal to Middletown, Conn. Prof. THE CADET BAND DEATHS AT THE ACADEMY. 53 T. B. Ransom had charge of the band during 1825-28; Edwin Sturtevant, in 1828, succeeded Ranson as the band leader. The band led the corps on the various marches and played at the various "Academy " entertainments, also at several public cele- brations. The Middletown Gazette of Middletown, in an editorial, June 22, 1826, gave the band, under the leadership of Prof. Ransom, a compliment for their fine work at a Masonic celebration held in that city. Several musicians of note were educated at the "Academy;" among the number were Truman B. Ransom and Edwin Sturtevant. So far as known only three deaths occurred at the " Academy.' ' Thomas Hurlbut was the first cadet to die at the Institution. The funeral services were held October 27, 1821, in the Congre- gational church. The funeral sermon was preached by the Rev, Rufus W. Bailey, chaplain of the ' 'Academy.' ' After the funeral exercises were' held, a procession was formed in the following order: First, music; second, escort of cadets with arms reversed; third, the body accompanied by the pall bearers; fourth, the chaplain of the Militaiy Academy ; fifth, the attending physicians; sixth, the relatives and friends of the deceased; seventh, the professors and teachers of the Militaiy Academy; eighth, the corps of cadets in uniform with side arms; ninth, officers of the army and navy; tenth, officers of the Volunteer Corps and Militia; eleventh, inhabitants of the village; twelfth, inhabitants of the vicinity and strangers. The procession led by the cadet band playing a funeral march, proceeded to the cemetery, where three volleys w'ere fired over the grave. The following cadets acted as pall bearers: William A. Sullivan, C. R. D. Wingate, John Bell, A. G. Fletcher, Matthew Brennan and George L. C. Davis. A detachment of cadets numbering twenty-three, acted as an escort. Ralph A. Wikoff of Opelousas, La., died Februaiy 13, 1826, aged nineteen years and three months. A militaiy burial was given him. The services were held in the Presbyterian church, where an eloquent funeral sermon was delivered by the Rev. Walter Colton, chaplain of the "Academy." The members of the Polemic Society acted as pall bearers. The corps of cadets wore crape on their arms for a period of thirty days. A committee of cadets consisting of T. Fortier, G. A. Mills, J. W. Pitt and J. McKay were appointed by the corps to draw up resolutions on his death. An obituary notice in French was published in the Middletown Gazette of March 1, 1826. 54 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. Daniel Polhemus of New Brunswick, N. J., was the third cadet to die at the "Academy." His death occurred April 13, 1826. From 1820-25 one public examination was given each year, beginning the third Monday in August and continuing for at least nine days. During 1825-34, two public examinations were given each year. The first commenced on the first Wednesday in May and continued at least nine days. The second commenced the last Monday in August and co.ntinued two weeks. Private examinations were given every Saturday. A board of visitors consisting of seven members attended the examinations in August and reported on the work of the cadets. The annual examina- tions in August corresponded to the college commencement exercises. As was stated elsewhere, the cadets did not graduate as in the colleges, but received their certificates when they had completed the " Academy " course. The first public examination, of which a record has been preserved, commenced Monday, August 11, 1823, and continued until August 20. On Monday, August 18, a very elaborate programme was given. Captain Partridge delivered a lecture on " The Operations of the English and French in Spain and Portugal in 1810, under Command of Wellington and Massena"; a Latin oration, by Cadet John Charles Phillips of Boston; oration, by James S. Wallace of Boston, "Conference," "Present Contest between France and England,' ' Edwin F. Johnson and Elisha Dunbar; oration, " Scientific Geography, " John Holbrook; oration, Calvin P. Newton; dialogue, "The Reclaiming Sin," Joseph D. Allen, Charles Ball, Charles B. Reese, Edward Woodbridge, Albert Parker, Robert E. Temple; oration, Valentine B. Horton; oration, Benjamin M. Tyler; Greek oration, Francis C. Loring; lecture by Captain Partridge, " Campaign of the French in Russia in 1812. " Exhibition drills were given. In the evening a programme was given by the cadets of the class in elocution, which was followed by an extensive display of fire- works. On Tuesday, August 19, Captain Partridge gave his lecture on the " Battle of Waterloo' ' and " Education.' ' The examinations were ended by a ball given by the cadets. A number of prominent citizens of Vermont and New Hampshire were present, among the number being Governor Woodbury of New Hampshire and Lieut. Governor Brigham of Vermont. In 1824 the annual examinations were held August 9-16. We give the account of the exercises from the following letter CADET TOTTEN's LETTER. 55 written by George M. Totten, later the distinguished engineer of the Panama R. R., to his sister in New Haven. Norwich, Vt., Military Academy, August 18, 1824. Dear Sister: Having just recovered from the fatigues of examination, I take up my pen for the purpose of writing a few lines to you, in answer to your letter, which I received with a great deal of pleasure. I shall give you a short account of proceedings during examination, which is as follows: — Monday, the 9th, being the beginning, the examination in Mathe- matics was begun, continuing three days; — though there were short examina- tions in physiology on the 12th; then the examinations in Geography and Latin were commenced on the 13th; then came the Greek that was commenced and finished on the 14th; after which the French was begun and ended on the same day; — a short parade being formed both morning and afternoon of every day. On Monday, at half past seven in the morning, a parade was formed which continued about an hour and a half; at 10 o'clock a. m., a military lecture was delivered by the Captain in the meeting house; at two o'clock p. m., a class consisting of about thirty cadets chosen from the whole, were examined in fortification generally and also on military tactics. At 4 p. m. a lecture was delivered by the Captain on "Subordination;" at 6 o'clock p. m., a parade was formed, which finished the day's duties. On Tuesday, the 16th, a parade was formed at 7:30 a. m., which continued an hour and a half, after which Gov. Morrill of New Hampshire was escorted into the village by the Corps, and the Corps was reviewed by him; at 10 o'clock another lecture was delivered by the Captain; at 11 o'clock a. m., an exhibition of speaking was given in the meeting house, which consisted of the following pieces; — First, Music by the Amateur Band; Second, Prayer by Mr. Warden; Third, "Speech of RoUa" by Cadet Brisbane; Fourth, English Oration, "The Necessity of Supporting the Colonization So- ciety," Cadet W. Marshall; Fifth, "French Dialogue" by T. Sedgwick, F. Brinkerhoff, J. E. Morse; Sixth, Music; Seventh, English Dialogue, "The Happiness and Misery of Human Life," Cadet W. D. Gourdin, W. H. Brisbane and J. Broughton; Eighth, Greek Oration, "The Past and Present State of Greece," Cadet J. H. Tyng; Ninth, English Oration, "Education," by Cadet E. F. Johnson; tenth. Music; eleventh, French Oration, "Slavery," by Cadet William Parker; twelfth. Poem, "The Dirge of Byron," by Cadet J. S. Wallace; thirteenth, English Oration and Address, " A Strict Union Between the Different Sections of our Country Necessary to the Permanence of our Institutions," by Cadet V. B. Horton; fourteenth. Music. At 2 o'clock the Military exercises of the Cadets commenced, and at half past four a lecture was delivered by Captain Partridge. At half past eight p. .M., a ball was given by the Corps of Cadets, which was largely attended by a great concourse of people and continued until half past three the next morning. 56 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. The ball room was very large and hung with evergreens and the flag be- longhig to the "Academy" with some other ones. Thus ended the examinations, all the cadets as well as the Captain himself being very tired. On the 17th there was not any duty, all the Cadets having permission to go to the Commencement at Hanover, but today our duties have begun as usual. Your affectionate brother, G. M. TOTTEN. The fifth anniversary of the founding of the "Academy" was celebrated September 12, 1825. At sunrise a national salute of twenty-four guns was fired by the battery at the "Academy." At 11 o'clock, the Hon. S. W. Dana, mayor of Middletown, delivered an address from the steps of the main Academy building. After the address another salute was fired. A procession was formed by John L Lewis, Esq. Marshal of the day, in the following order : Detachment of cadets under command of Capt. Partridge. Military companies, under command of Major Pratt, consist- ing of Capt. Sill's Artillery; Lt. Commander Tibbal's Rifle Com- pany of Middletown; Capt. Lewis' Rifle Company of Chatham; Capt. Campbell's Light Infantry of Chatham. The corps of cadets. Officers of the "^Academy." The Clergy. Officers of the U. S. Navy. Mayor, Aldermen and Common Council. Trustees. Citizens. The march led through High, Washington and Main Streets to the Congregational Church, where the exercises consisted of music by the choir, prayers by the clergy, and an excellent and appropriate address by E. B. Williston, a professor of the in- stitution. After the conclusion of the exercises in the church the procession was again formed and proceeded through Main and Church Streets to the '' Academy, " where a salute was fired by Capt. Sill's company of artillery. The federal salute of thirteen guns was fired. In the evening an elegant display of fire-works was made from the elevated ground on which the buildings were erected. A ball, given by the cadets, which was numerously attended by the taste and fashion of the city, terminated the festivities of the occasion. EXAMINATIONS. 57 We quote from the American Sentinel: "The cadets present amounted nearly to 250. Tliose under arms were completely equipped, and made a very martial and elegant appearance; considering the short time that the greater part of them have been under the care of Capt. Partridge, their proficiency in military exercise is highly creditable both to the Superintendent and to themselves." The first semi-annual examination was held May 7 to 16, 1S26. On Monday the 14th, the corps marched to the Congregational Church and after a prayer by the Chaplain, the Rev. Walter Colton, Prof. Valentine B. Horton, '25, adjutant of the Academy, delivered an address. An original poem was read by Cadet Joel H. Tracy. In the afternoon the cadets gave an exhibition in fencing, the use of the broad sword, under charge of M. P. Thomas, the sword master. On Tuesday a. m., May 15, were given the infantry- drills, and in the afternoon, orations were delivered by the cadets in the Hall of the Lyceum at the "Academy.' ' The second semi-annual examination was given Aug. 28 to Sept. 8, 1826. The exercises were concluded by the celebration of the sixth anniversary of the founding of the "Academy," Sept. 10 to 12, 1826. At 9 a. m., Monda}', September 10, the corps, accompanied by the trustees, faculty and many distinguished guests, marched to the Presbyterian Meeting House where the following program was given : Oration in Latin, " Mental Disci- pline,' ' by Cadet Randolph Coyle; oration, "Character and Crom- well," J. M. Bryan; oration, "Claims of the Aborigines," Philip Phillips; oration in Greek, "Studj^ of the Greek Languages," by Henry Van Rensselaer; oration, "The Influence of an Individual Devoted to the Interests of his Country,' ' C. K. Pritchatt; oration, "Ireland," J. E. Morse; oration in French, "Great Events Pro- duced by Trifling Incidents," J. H. Graham; a dialogue scene between Dr. Franklin and Lord Howe, by Joel H. Tracy and P. Phillips; oration, "Character of Adams and Jefferson,' ' J. McKay. The cadet band furnished music. At 6 p. M. a parade was given when the national salute was fired. In the evening a drama, " Traconi' ' written by Rev. Walter Colton for the occasion, was presented in the "Hall of the Lyceum" by the members of the Polemic Society (q. v.) to a large assembly of people. The cadet band furnished the music. We give the cast of the play. 58 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. DRAMATIS PERSONAE. PROLOGUE. Traconi, Prince of Venice. Rodrigo, General-in-chief of the Venetian Armies. Toscar, A Rebel General. Gonaldier, Chieftain of the Foresters. Rinaldo, An old soldier. EPILOGUE. Scene — ^Venice. A large number of distinguished people from various sections of the country attended the examinations and anniversary ex- ercises. We quote from the Middletown Gazette: " Our city exhibits a scene of unusual activity. It is crowded with strangers who have come here to witness the examination of the cadets of the Military Academy. The Public Houses are insufficient to accommodate them and a fine opportunity offers itself to the citizens to exercise their accustomed hospitality. Many people who had planned to attend have been unable to do so for lack of accommodations. We have just cause to be proud of this institution. There is no other in the United States that en- joys a wider patronage. Its members are from almost every state and a number of young gentlemen have recently arrived from the West Indies to enjoy the advantages it affords. We can without exaggeration say this, although in its infancy, as it were, it has become an ornament to our State and Country." At 9 A. M. September 12, a parade was given, then a battalion drill, firings, an artillery drill, and a guard-mount at 2 p. m. Capt. Partridge delivered an address in the Presbyterian Church at 4 p. M. An exhibition of sword exercises and fencing was given at 5 p. M. and a dress parade at 7 p. m. The anniversary of the Independence of the United States was celebrated in Norwich in 1821, 1822 and 1824. In 1823, the cadets took part in an elaborate Fourth of July celebration in Windsor, Vt. The corps was entertained by the citizens of that town. They took part in the parade and gave several exhibition drills. FOURTh'oF JULY CELEBRATIONS. 59 At the banquet among the many toasts given was ''The Nor- wich A. L. S. & M. Academ}': Industry and perseverance in the cause of science, may they be crowned with abundant success." Capt. Partridge responded in an eloquent address. At the celebration held in Norwich, July, 1824, the following programme was carried out: In the forenoon Captain Partridge read the Declaration of Independence, Cadet J. S. Wallace de- livered an oration on the "Temple of Freedom." Orations were made by Cadets Elisha Dunbar, H. P. Woodworth, J. D. Allen and V. B. Horton. The cadet band under the leadership of Prof. W. W. Bailey furnished the music. A banquet was served in the Mansion House. Thomas Emerson presided and Capt. Partridge acted as toast master. Capt. Partridge responded to the toast "The A. L. S. & M. Academy: Wherever it may be planted, may its advancement, the sciences and virtue be the leading object of the superintendent." We give the other toasts in full: 1st. The day which we celebrate: May we hail it with shouts of gratitude to that Being who rules the destinies of nations. 2d. The memory of Gen. George Washington: When we forget to appreciate his worth, his virtues and the liberty and independence we enjoy, won by his arm, may our hearts cease to vibrate. 3d. The statesmen, soldiers and patriots of the Revolution : The present prosperity of our nation is their best eulogism. 4th. The Constitution of the United States : May we trans- mit it as a legacy to nations yet unborn. 5th. Agriculture, Manufactures and Commerce: May our national government still continue to nurse and foster them until they shall become superior in wealth, power and fal^ric to those of an}' other nation on the globe. 6th. The Militia of the United States : Always ready to pro- tect the rights and liberties of their country. 7th. The Army and Navy of the United States: Their achievements in the last war (War of 1812) afford the strongest evidence of their valor and patriotism. 8th. The President of the United States, a soldier, patriot and statesman: When he retires from the helm of government may his services and virtues be remembered with gratitude. 9th. The Cong;*ess of the United States: The most intelli- gent and dignified body of legislators in the world. 60 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. 10th. The clergy: May their examples and precepts be in conformity to the holy religion they profess. 11th. The Marquis de Lafayette: May every day he may be with us be a day of gratitude and joy, and every step down to his grave be strewn with flowers. When the knell shall toll for the last departing hero of the Revolution, may it then be but the morning of the glory of our country. 12th. The Colonization society: May a rivulet become a river, deep and broad, to float to Africa the blessings and from us the curse. 13th. The fair of our country: Virtue is their brightest ornament. They, only, can vanquish the brave. In 1824, Captain Partridge determined to move the " Academy" from Norwich. The reasons for making a change of location are not fully known. The "Academy'' was continually growing and in every way prosperous. He was desirious of locating on the seashore. No doubt he felt that a location by the ocean would bring him many naval officers and students desiring commissions in the navy. There was at this time no government school for training officers for the navy. There was an urgent demand for such a school and possibly Captain Partridge intended to add a naval department to his Academy. He gave during 1820-24, a very complete course in navigation and seamanship and several officers had already availed themselves of the instruction offered at the "Academy." He was progressive and ever on the alert to give instruction that should be of practical use to the j^oung men of the country. In 1824, the Episcopal church founded Washington University, now Trinity, at Hartford, Conn. There was a great strife between the cities of New Haven, Hartford and Middletown to secure the location of the college. On May 6, 1824, the trustees of the college met in New Haven and voted to locate in Hartford. This action of the Board was a great disappointment to the citizens of Middletown as it was felt that the college would be located in that city. The following editorial from the American Sentinel of Middletown, under date of May 12, 1824, well shows the feeling of the people of that city. "The decision is not such as was expected — it was fondly anticipated that it would be located here. It is stated to us as a fact that the subscriptions of Middletown exceeded those of 62 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. Hartford by several thousand dollars. The reason for their decision in favor of Hartford we do not learn. Instead, how- ever, of repining, which will avail us nothing, let us cheer up. It is said that Captain Partridge, Principal of the Military Academy in Norwich Vt.) is desirous of removing near the seaboard. Let us then, make him a handsome offer with a part or the whole of our subscriptions as an inducement for him to remove his Academy and Cadets (of which it is said he has 140.) By so doing our labor of obtaining subscriptions would not be lost, and we should moreover derive an immediate advantage. We could then more willingly permit our good neighbor of Hartford to fire their 'big guns ' and burn their tar barrels.' ' Negotiations were soon begun by the citizens of Middletown with Captain Partridge to locate in that city. It is stated that largely through the influence of Commodore Macdonough of Middletown, Captain Partridge was finally induced to locate in that city. There was much rejoicing in Middletown when it was finally settled that the "Academy" would be located there. The following editorial printed in the Sentinel of Middle- town under date of September 8, 1824, well shows the spirit in which the "Academy' ' was welcomed to that city: " We congratulate our fellow citizens and the public in general on the final determination of Capt. Partridge to transfer his Military Academy from Norwich (Vt.) to this place, during the next summer. A gentleman in this city, we are informed, has already contracted to erect the necessary buildings and have them in readiness for the reception of the School, by the 4th of July next. It has our best wishes for its prosperity and we have no doubt, from the very many advantages which this city combines over every other place in this State, an Institution of the above description, under the guidance and superintendence of so able an instructor as Captain Partridge, cannot fail of success." Early in 1824, Mr. Nehemiah Hubbard deeded to John Hinsdale, Elijah Hubbard, John Alsop, trustees of the ''Academy" thirteen acres of land situated as follows: Bounded easterly on High Street, southerly on lands of Hinsdale, late owned by Ebenezer Tracy, Israel Bailey, Benjamin Brown, Mary Corby, Sarah Arnold, and the heirs of Robert Rand; westerly on land of the heirs of said Robert Rand and on highway, and northerly on land of Simeon North, being the same land which was con- veyed in trust by the said and others to the said Hinsdale, Hubbard and Alsop. LAYING THE CORNER STONE OF THE ACADEMY. 63 In September, 1824, the construction of the main building was begun under the superintendence of James L. Lewis of Middle- town. The corner stone of the main building was laid with Masonic and Military honors, Wednesday, Oct. 27, 1824. A long procession was formed in Main Street, consisting of Captain Oilman's Company of Light Artillery of Middletown and Captain Clark's Company of Light Artillery of Haddam; a number of citizens, the members of St. John's Lodge, No. 2, and the Brethren of neighboring lodges under the direction of Capt. J. Bound, chief marshal. The procession proceeded up Washington Street, thence onto High Street as far as the lot at the head of Parsonage Street, where the " Academy " was to be erected. The Masonic cere- monies of laying the stone were performed by J. Lawrence Lewis, Esq. The Hon. S. W. Dana delivered an eloquent address well suited to the occasion, in which he pointed out the great advantages of Captain Partridge's method of education. The introductory prayer was made by the Rev. Mr. Crane, and the concluding one by the Rev. Mr. Noble. At the conclusion the artillery companies fired a salute on the spot where the buildings were being erected. The display was imposing and a large concourse of people were present. In May, 1825, the ''Academy" was incorporated by the State of Connecticut as the American Literary, Scientific and Military Academy with John Hinsdale, Elijah Hubbard and John Alsop as trustees. The money for the erection of the buildings was raised by issuing shares of stock valued at $30 each. In August the buildings were completed. These buildings were constructed of brown sandstone from the quarries in Portland. The " Barracks' ' was four stories high, 150 feet long and 52 feet wide, with a large attic and basement. Halls extended the full length of the building. The "Lyceum" was located 20 feet south of the Bar- racks, was three stories high, with a basement partly above the ground. At the front of the building was a tower 14x16 feet and 73 feet high. The basement floor was used for an arsenal and laboratory and the first and second floors for class rooms; the third floor called the "Hall of the Lyceum" was used as a chapel, drill room, and for public services. A boarding hall, built in 1825, as a private enterprise, was located nearly in line with William Street and some distance back of High Street, facing the north. It was a brick building, 150 feet long, 50 feet wide, 64 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. two stories high with basement. The basement was used as a kitchen, the first story as a dining hall and the second story for the officers' quarters. Two guard houses, built of brown stone, each ten by twelve feet, were located on either side of the High Street entrance leading to the Barracks. In 1826, Cap- tain Partridge built with his own funds a gun house about seventy- five feet west of the Barracks. The building was constructed of brick, was 55 feet long, 30 feet wide and two stories high, and faced toward the east. The cannon, four six-pounders, two twelve-pounders and one eighteen-pounder, were sto ed here. The original plan of the buildings called for another building the size of the Barracks to be located south of the Lyceum making a group of three buildings. This building was not erected owing to the removal from Middletown. There seems to be some doubt as to the date the " Academy' ' was closed in Norwich, Vermont. The catalogue of 1827 gives the date as April 1, 1825, and the Prospectus of 1828 as August, 1825. The later date is, no doubt, the correct one, as we know the " Academy' ' was opened for the reception of students in Middletown, Aug-ust 22, 1825. In May, 1826, Captain Partridge petitioned the Legislature of Connecticut "for the power to confer degrees, award diplomas, and raise by lottery $40,000 for chemical, astronomical and philosophical apparatus, and for a library and buildings." The chartering of the "Acad- emy' ' was opposed by the leading educational institutions of the state. The colleges were jealous of the growing popularity of the "Academy." The clergy opposed the charter, as Captain Partridge gave military training, but the real opposition from them was due to the lottery question involved. The Middletown papers of the time stated certain churches tried to have lottery schemes chartered by the Legislature, which were not allowed, hence the opposition to Captain Partridge. We give the editorial printed in The Sentinel of Middle- town, June 7, 1826 : " It is to be regretted that the members of the House were so indifferent to the reputation of the State, so unwilling to add to the means of education, and so loath to aid an Institution so valuable and so important as that of Captain Partridge's, as to refuse to grant the petition for a lottery to raise funds for the A. L. S. & M. Academy, located in this city — an Institution which not only bids fair to add, but has already added no Utile to the reputation of our State, distinguished as she is for her literary PETITION FOR A CHARTER. 65 and scientific Institutions. Although justice has been thus denied to an Institution every way deserving and entitled to it, yet we cannot but hope, that the time will come, when the House of Representatives of this State will extend a liberal hand to this Institution." The Senate granted the lottery without an opposing vote. In May, 1827, Captain Partridge again petitioned the state for a charter without the lottery scheme, but was unsuccessful. Captain Partridge on his removal to Connecticut encountered great opposition from educational institutions in that state, and the clergy. In May, 1828, he withdrew his petition from the legislature in disgust. We quote from the Memoir of Edwin F. Johnson: "It is difRcult at this day to imagine such ilhberality. The very records provoke laughter mingled with regret, when we read the flights of rhetoric delivered before that august body (the Legislature) and learn that men of sound sense were actually swayed by them." Edwin F. Johnson writes: "The growing popularity of the system pursued by Captain Partridge aroused their fears and produced a determination, apparently, to bring the institution at Middletown, and the system itself, to disrepute. Their efforts had for some time been manifest, and to accomplish the object it had been called an 'Infidel Institution,' and much was said of the mischief and danger to the country of cultivating a military spirit, etc. The institution being v private one, managed and controlled entirely by Captain Partridge, it was desirable to put it on a more permanent footing. To this end application was made to the Legislature of Connecticut to give it a corporate character, with a board of trustees and collegiate powers. Two successive attempts to obtain those privileges, fully justified by the number of young men and the course and character of the instructions, failed. The young men of the insti- tution were styled Janizaries in the halls of Legislature, and could not have been worse spoken of if they had attempted by fraud or violence to plunder the treasury of the State. All that could be obtained from the State for the benefit of the Institution at Middletown was merely a few muskets for the use of the cadets, which were to be returned when called for, and bonds given accordingly. "Under these circumstances, and urged by the inducements held out in other places. Captain Partridge determined to desist from any further effort on his part to continue the Institution at this place, and in consequence a new arrangement was made." In 1828 a reorganization of the " Academy" was made. Captain Partridge retired from the active management, but was continued as the president; Valentine B. Horton, '25, and Edwin F. Johnson, '25, took the active management; Mr. Horton served as superin- 66 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. lendent. A board of trustees consisting of George W. Stanley, John Alsop, Elijah Hubbard, Nathan Starr, William L. Storrs and S. D. Hubbard, was appointed by the corporation of the "Academy" to assist in the management. During 1828-29 the same difficulties and same narrow-minded opposition was en- countered and I'rofessors Horton and Johnson retired from the " Academy' ' and the buildings reverted to the corj)oration. At this time the Methodist Church was considering the founding of a college. The Rev. Laban Clark, D. D., a prominent Methodist clergyman, learning that the " Academy' ' buildings were vacant, suggested to the New York and New England con- ferences that the property be secured. At a meeting of the trustees of the "Academy" held in Middletown, Conn., July 14, I' * I i t i . I » ,i » 7 J f » 1 1 The Academy in Middle i.;..; 1829, it was voted to confer with a committee of the Methodist Church of America for the sale of the buildings for the purpose of founding a college to be known as the Wesleyan University. After some negotiations the property was bought by the church for $5,000 and the old " Academy" buildings became the property of Wesleyan University. The property was deeded to the trustees of Wesleyan University December 20, 1833. The Methodist Church of New England owes much to Captain Partridge, as in all probability, the Methodist College would not have been located in New England, except for the remarkably low price of the buildings of Middletown. On Monday, June 4, 1827, Captain Partridge opened a pre- paratory school in Norwich in the "Academy" building. Mr. J. THE PKEPAKATORY SCHOOL IX NORWICH. G7 McKay, a graduate of the class of 1825 and instructor of Mathe- matics 1825-26, was appointed principal. We quote from the Prospectus : "The particular object in view will be to make it a primaiy school where youths can be admitted at an early age and be correctly and thoroughly instructed in the elementary branches of learning, and carried forward in them so far as their ages and other circumstances will permit. The following branches of study and instruction will be included in the course of education at this institution, viz: The reading, writing and spelling of the English language, English Grammar and Composition, the Latin, Greek, French and Spanish languages. Arithmetic and the higher branches of Mathematics so far as the ages of the pupils will permit. Elocution, Geography, History, Bookkeeping, the Elements of Natural Philosophy, including Astronomy, to be taught by familiar cxplanatorj'- lectures; a complete course of Military Exercise and practical Military Duty, including the elementary branches of Military Science, taught also by lectures; the Sword Exercise, Music and Dancing. The parents and guardians will be allowed to select the branches to which their sons or wards are to attend. The organization of the Seminary will be strictly military, and the cadets will be required to go through a regu- lar course of practical military duty and instruction. The military duties and exercises will be attended at such times as would otherwise be spent either in idleness or devoted to frivolous and useless amusements; they will not encroach in the least on the regular studies, but on the contrary, by filling up the vacant hours with a regular, manly and healthful exercise, both the body and mind will be in a state of constant improvement. The strictest attention Avill be given to the health, manners, morals and personal deport- ment of the cadets; they will constantly be luider the personal inspection of the Superintendent and officers of the institution; will in no case be per- mitted to associate with low and vulgar company, nor to leave the Academic enclosure without special permission, unless on duty or to go to their meals. "The cadets will be -required to wear a uniform dress, which will be the same as that worn by the cadets at the Seminary at Middletown. The cloth- ing can all be furnished at the institution at established and very reasonable prices, or the cloth and other materials can be furnished by the parents or guardian and the work done at the institution where excellent workmen will be provided and the work executed on moderate terms. The books, station- ery, bedding and all the necessary articles will be furnished at the institution on very reasonable terms. It will, however, be optional with those who place students at the Seminary, to furnish themselves with any, or all the necessary articles or to have them furnished as above stated. Youths will be received at as early an age as eight years, and none will be admitted who are more than fourteen, unless it should be a limited number of young gentlemen whose manners and moral deportment should be so correct and unexceptionable as to render (hem fit models for the younger pupils to copy. A few such would be considered an advantage to the junior classes and to the institution. It will readily be perceived that this seminary is intended to be one in which youths may be placed at a very early period of life, before their habits are formed, where, while their physical powers are fully developed, and consti- tutions confirmed by a regular and systematic course of manly and useful 68 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. exercise, the morals will also be guarded by every possible means, and this, at an expense not greater (probably less), than is incurred at most of the re- spectable academies in the country. "This seminary is designed more particularly for preparing youths for admission into the institution at Middletown, and it would be highly advan- tageous for every youth within the prescribed age, who is destined to enter that institution, to spend one or more years at this. Youths can also be well prepared for admission into the Military Academy at West Point, and also for admission as freshmen into any of our colleges or universities. "Norwich is one of the most beautiful and pleasant villages in New Eng- land. It is located about half a mile west of the banks of the Connecticut, and at an elevation of about 170 feet above its surface. It is one mile from Dartmouth College, eighteen miles above Windsor, and one hundred and eighteen from Boston. The approach is easy and pleasant by means of ex- cellent stages, which run three times a week in various directions. It is reached from Middletown, Boston and Albany in two days, and from New York in three days. For health, it is second to no village in New England. The assertion is believed to be fully substantiated by the fact that during the whole time (four and a half years) that the American Literary, Scientific and Military Academy was located there, sickness was scarcely known among the mem- bers. The society is moral and refined. "Captain Partridge is fully convinced that the seminary will be particu- larly well adapted to the education of the youth of our large cities and also those of the southern states, where they can, with perfect safety and without requiring any particular care or attention from their parents, pass their earlier years, and be well prepared for the active duties of life, or for admis- sion into any higher seminary. "Captain Partridge is particularly desirous that all those youths, within the prescribed ages, who are destined to become members of the institution at Middletown, should previously be entered at this seminary, where they should pass one or more years, after which they would be transferred for the completion of their education. "The quarters are brick, spacious, airy and handsomely finished. The parade ground is a beautiful plat, surrounded by an elegant enclosure, eight feet high, which separates it entirely from any communications with the village. " Gentlemen desirous of placing their sons or wards at this institution are requested to apply to Captain Partridge, by letter, at Middletown, Con- necticut, where the names of the applicants will be registered. The number that can be received will necessarily be limited by the accommodations. "Captain Partridge begs leave to assure the American Public that no exertions will be wanting to render this seminary in every respect worthy of their patronage." The expenses were: tuition in all the regular branches ex- cepting the French and Span sh languages, Music, Fencing and Dancing, $20 per j'ear; tuition in the French and Spanish languages, Music, Fencing and Dancing, $5 per quarter: room rent, including use of arms, and accoutrements, $8 per j^ear board, including washing and mending, $1 . 75 per week, or EXPENSES AT THE SEMINARY. 69 for a year of 48 weeks. The whole annual expense of a cadet including tuition, board, room rent, books, clothing, heat and incidental expenses (not including the charge for the extra studies) averaged S230 per year. The cadets were governed by the same rules and regulations as the cadets in Middletown. This preparatory school was con- tinued in Norwich until 1829 when the "Academy" was again opened in Norwich. In 1831 the North Building or commons was erected. Very little data has been preserved concerning the "Academy" from 1829-34. From a report of an educational meeting held in Norwich in 1831, we learn that Truman B. Ransom was professor of Mathe- matics. We give the full account of the educational meeting held in Norwich, Vermont, September, 1831 : Norwich, Vt., September 15, 1831. "Sir: Agreeable to the authority vested in us by the Association for the Pro- motion of Useful Education, you are hereby notified that you are duly elected a member of the same, the origin and Constitution of which is hereunto subjoined. Should you assent to subscribe to this Constitution, you will please address T. B. Ransom, Norwich, Vermont. A. PARTRIDGE, President. T. B. RANSOM, Secretary. " At a meeting of several gentlemen of literature and science, immediately after the public exercises on the eleventh anniversary of the American Literary, Scientific, and Military Academy, to take into consideration the propriety of executing some meas- ures for the promotion of useful education, Captain Partridge was chosen chairman, and E. B. V^^illiston secretary. After addresses from Captain Partridge and several other gentlemen present, on motion of Mr. Ransom, it was " Resolved: That a committee of five be appointed to examine into the propriety of forming an asso- ciation for the promotion of the object in view, and report the same to the meeting as soon as practicable: " and Messrs. Williston, Ransom, Morris, Phelps and Seymour were appointed. After an adjournment for a few hours, the meeting was again opened, and the committee made the following report: 70 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. " 1st. Resolved: That the object of education is to prepare youth to discharge, in the best possible manner, the various duties likely to devolve upon them in after life. 2d. Resolved: That to perpetuate the existing order of things under any government, the system of education must be based upon, and in con- formity to, its poHtical institutions. 3d. Resolved: That the Universities and Colleges in the United Slates were generally modeled after those of Europe, which were designed for a state of political society different from that in which we live, being calculated to confine the advantages of education to the higher orders of society. 4th. Resolved: That in a Republic, a primary object of education should be to form patriotic citizens, by inculcating a love of liberty and a hatred of oppression under whatever form it may appear. 5th. Resolved: That those who have the immediate direction of the education of our youth, should notr only be possessed of profound and extensive attainments in science and literature, but also be men of plain man- ners, of republican principles, of practical experience, who by their example as well as precept shall form citizens fitted to uphold our free institutions and elevate our national character to that proud eminence it seems destined to attain. Gth. Resolved: That sectarian views on religious subjects should not be inculcated; but the Bible.itself be placed in the hands of the students without reference to conflicting expositions which various sects have attached to it. 7th. Resolved: That as the perpetuity of our Republican institutions depends upon the general intelligence of the people, our higher seminaries of learning should be organized so as to afford the means of instruction to the greatest possible number. 1st. By reducing the expenses to the smallest amount consistent with a support sufficiently liberal to secure the services of competent in- structors. 2nd. By allowing persons desirous of pursuing any particular branch of science or literature, to do so without being obliged to attend to any other. 3d. By permitting each individual to proceed in his studies as rapidly as possible, not subject to delay by being classed with others of less acquire- ments, talent or industry. 4th. By affording the most ample means of instruction in the applica- tion of science to the practical purposes of life. 8th. Resolved: That youth while acquiring an education should be subjected to some system of regular, manly and useful exercise, by which the physical energies shall acquire the greatest practicable degree of strength and stability. Therefore: Resolved: That with a view to promote these great and important objects, we agree to form ourselves into an Association, to be styled ASSOCIATION FOR THE PROMOTION OF USEFUL EDUCATION, and that we will be governed by the following Constitution: Article 1. The Officers of this Association shall consist of a President, Vice-President, Secretary and seven Counsellors; to be elected at each annual meeting of the Association by a majority of voters present; the President, Vice-President and Secretary to be ex-officio members of the board of coun- sellors. ARTICLES OF CLASSIFICATION. 71 Aet. 2. The President shall preside at and govern all meetings of the Association. Aht. 3. The Vice-President shall discharge the duties of President in case of his absence. Art. 4. It shall be the duty of the Secretary to record all the trans-, actions of the Association, carry on the necessary correspondence and act as treasurer. Art. 5. It shall be the duty of the Counsellors to elect members, attend to all subjects of general interest to the welfare of the Association and adopt ways and means for promoting the great objects of the same. Art. 6. A meeting of the Association shall be holden at Norwich, Vt., on the first Tuesday of September, annually. Art. 7. This Constitution may be amended by a majority of the mem- bers present at any annual meeting. The above report was unanimously adopted, when, agreeably to the provisions of the Constitution, the following Officers were elected, viz: President, Capt. Alden Partridge, Superintendent of the A. L. S. & M. Academy, Norwich, Vermont. Vice-President, E. B. Williston, President of Jefferson College, Miss. Secretarj% T. B. Ransom, Professor of Mathematics at the A. L. S. & M. Academy, Norwich, Vt. /V. B. Horton, Esq., Pittsburg, Pa. I E. F. Johnson, Esq., Middletown, Conn, plaj. J. Holbrook, Superintendent of Jefferson College, Miss. Counsellors. /Doctor E. Phelps, Windsor, Vt. jDoctor J. Barratt, Middletown, Conn. H. P. Woodworth, Professor of Mathematics, Richland Schools. \B. M.Tyler, Principal of the Instructor's School, Franklin, N.H." V. B. Horton, Esq., was then appointed orator for the next annual meeting and J. H. Tracy, Esq., to deliver a poem on the same occasion. On motion of Mr. Williston, it was resolved that the President and Secretary be authorized to elect members to the association until the next afinual meeting. It was then voted, for the purpose of defraying the expense of printing and postage, that members on signifying their assent to subscribe to this Constitution, pay to the Secretary at least one dollar. On motion of ^Nlr. Seymour, the meeting adjoiu-ned until the fii'st Thursday in September, 1832, next, it being the anniversary of the " A. L. S. & M. Academy." CHAPTER II. NoKWiCH University, 1834-43. The University Chartered — Faculty — Entrance Requirements — Departments op Instruction — Courses of Study — Library — Text Books Used — Military Regulations — Marches — Expenses — Athletics — Commons — Theatricals — Literary Societies — "N. U." and Dart- mouth Feuds — Commencements — Military Conventions — Ladies' Semi- nary Founded — President Partridge Resigns — Truman B. Ransom Elected President. In the early thirties the Universalist Church was desirous of founding a college in New England. A convention for this pur- pose was first held in Claremont, N. H. in 1833. The convention adjourned to meet in Woodstock early in 1834. General T. B. Ransom, acting for Captain Partridge, invited the convention to adjourn to Norwich and inspect the "Academy" buildings with the idea of taking the property for their college. The convention met in Norwich in May, 1834. This convention was composed of two parties; one was desirous of having a perfectly liberal institu- tion and the other of making the new college a denominational one. The liberal party prevailed and it was voted to take the property. On November 6, 1834, the legislature of Vermont chartered the " Academy' ' as the Norwich University. The following gentlemen were the incorporators : Josiah Dana, Jedediah H. Harris, Silas H. Jennison, Caleb Keith, William Noble, David P. Noyes, Samuel C. Allen, John Wright, Joshua Stowe, Isaac N. Cushman and Jonathan P. Miller. The complete draft of the charter is given in Chapter XII. Thus the University was founded under the patronage of the Universalist denomination. This patronage continued until the resignation of Captain Partridge in 1843. The first meeting of the board of trustees was held in the North College building, December 3, 1834, and Captain Partridge was elected president, and Truman B. Ransom, vice-president. On February 21, 1834, a committee consisting of Henry Hale, D. A. A. Buck and Ira Davis was appointed to appraise, the old "Academy" property; on August 28, 1835, their appraisal was THE FACULTY. 73 accepted. At a meeting of the trustees January 14, 1835, Captain Partridge and T. B. Ransom were appointed to compile the course of study and the by-laws of the University. On March 9, 1835, Captain Partridge was appointed general agent to collect funds and in August, 1835, Rev. B. F. Fuller and Rev. Russell Streeter were appointed agents to collect money in Vermont and Rev. John G. Adams as agent for New Hampshire. In September, 1840, Captain Partridge was authorized by the trus- tees of the University to conduct the Institution on his own re- sponsibility. This arrangement continued until 1843. The faculty, 1834-36, consisted of Alden Partridge, A. M., president and professor of Moral and Intellectual Philosophy, His- tory, Science of Government, Political Economy, Military Science and lecturer on Military and Political Subjects; Truman B. Ran- som, vice-president and professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy, Mathematics, Theoretical and Practical, and Civil Engineering; M. Noras, instructor in Ancient and Modern Lan- guages; Cadet Benjamin F. Marsh and Cadet Josiah W. Horr, instructors in the English and Scientific Departments. Prof. M. Noras resigned in August, 1836, and Prof. Zera Colburn, A. M., the distinguished mathematician and a former cadet at the "Academy,' ' was elected professor of English Litera- ture, Latin, Greek, French and the Spanish languages. Professor Ransom resigned in the spring of 1836 and H. P. Woodworth, '25, was elected vice president and professor of Mathematics, Natural Philosophy, Civil Engineering, Topographi- cal Drawing and Military Instructor. Alonzo Jackman, '36, was appointed instructor of Mathematics in the fall of 1836, and Cadet Josiah Swett, Jr., assistant instructor in English Literature. In 1837, Hiram P. Woodworth resigned as vice-president and this office was vacant until 1842; Instructor Jackman became professor of Mathematics, Natural Philosophy, Civil Engineering, Topographical Drawing and Military instructor; Cadets Johnson, Shedd, and Jehiel Lellie were instructors in Mathematics and English Literature. In 1838, Instructors Shedd and Lellie be- came assistant professors in Mathematics and English Literature. In December, 1840, Cadet Richardson was appointed in- structor of Mathematics and in August, 1841, was advanced to a full professorship, which position he held until June 29, 1844. In December, 1840, H. Villiers Morris, '36, was appointed professor of Civil Engineering, Topographical Drawing, and ^lilitary Instruc- tor, which position he held until 1843. Cadet Alvin E. Bovay 74 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. was instructor in Ancient and Modern Languages; Cadets Stephen N. Warren and James V. A. Shields were appointed assistant instructors in Mathematics and E. B. Perkins professor of Music. In 1841, James V. A. Shields and Alvin E. Bovay resigned and Stephen N. Warren was appointed instructor in Mathematics. In 1842, Stephen N. Warren resigned and Aaron Loveland was elected vice-president. The catalogue published in the fall of 1836 gives the attendance as 107, distributed as follows : Primary department, 53; Collegiate department, 36; Civil Engineering department, 18. The attend- ance by classes for the years 1834-43 was as follows: 1835, 2; 1836, 4; 1837, 13 graduates, 7 non-graduates; 1838, 7 graduates, 70 non-graduates; 1839, 14 graduates, 27 non-graduates; 1840, 9 graduates, 22 non-graduates; 1841, 17 graduates, 24 non-graduates; 1842, 13 graduates, 20 non-graduates; 1843, 10 graduates, 12 non- graduates. The requirements for entrance in 1835, we give from the prospectus : "Each candidate for admission into the University must not be less than fourteen years of age; must be of good moral character, and also possess a correct grammatical knowledge of the English Language, be well versed in Arithmetic, and also in the Elements of Geography and History. Candidates who have advanced farther in any department of knowledge than what is re- quired in the foregoing, will be allowed to take their stations in the Univer- sity according to their qualifications, without being charged any back tuition. None can be admitted for a less term than one quarter, of twelve weeks. The most appropriate times for joining the University would be at the commence- ment in August and also at the close of the winter vacation. Students, however, will be admitted at any time." During 1836 and 1837 students were not admitted to the Primary department under ten years of age. The requirements for the Collegiate department were a thorough knowledge of Arithmetic, English Grammar, Elements of Geography and History. The requirements for the Civil Engineering department were the same as in the Collegiate department. During 1838-43, the requirements were the same as in 1837 excepting that no student was admitted under twelve years of age. During the years 1835-38 the instruction at the University was divided into four departments: Collegiate, Civil Engineering, Teachers' and Primary. This last department was dropped in 1838. During the year 1835-38 the attendance was 97. The Teachers' department was designed to prepare the students for the COURSE OF STUDY. 75 profession of teaching, and embraced thorough instruction in the following subjects: Arithmetic, Grammar, Rhetoric, Composition, Geography, including the use of maps and globes. History, Ele- ments of Natural Philosophy and Bookkeeping; lectures were given by Captain Partridge on school management. The course was discontinued in 1837. During 1835-42, instruction in the Collegiate department was as follows : Algebra, Geometry, construction and use of Logarithms, Plane and Spherical Trigonometry, Mensuration of Heights and Distances, Planometry, Stereometry, Practical Geometry generally, use of instruments, particularly the chain, circumferator, level, theodolite, quadrant, sextant, use of the barometer with its appli- cation to measuring mountains and other eminences. Navigation, Conic Sections, Differential and Integral Calculus, Mechanics, Pneumatics, Hydrostatics, Magnetism and Electricity, Optics, Astronomy, Chemistry, Geography, History, the English Language and English Literature, Composition, Rhetoric, Logic, Declamation, Ethics, the Elements of Natural and Political Law, the Laws of Nations, Military Law, the Constitution of the United States, Metaphysics, Civil Engineering, Topographical Drawing, Military Drawing, Architecture, Military Science, Theoretical and Practical. Ancient and Modern Languages were taught to all who might wish to pursue them ; and those who attended to one or all of them, were in addition to their diploma, to be entitled to a certificate signed by the president and vice-president, stating the progress made in such languages; weekly exercises were required in Dec- lamation and Composition. The ancient languages, although not required for the attain- ment of the honors of the University, were a part of the Collegiate course; and the Latin authors of this department could be substi- tuted, by those who did not intend to become practical engineers, for that part of the ]\Iathematical course which followed Conic Sections. No one was permitted to commence the study of Latin or Greek who did not purpose to continue it for at least one year. The instruction in the department of Engineering embraced the following subjects: Algebra, Geometry, construction and use of Logarithms, Plane and Spherical Trigonometry, Mensuration of Heights and Distances, Planometry, Stereometry, Practical Geometry generally, including particularly Surveying and Level- ling, Descriptive Geometry, Conic Sections, Mechanics, Statics, Hydrostatics, Chemistry, Geology, Architecture, Construction of Common Roads and Railroads, Canals, Locks, Bridges, Aque- 76 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. ducts, Viaducts; also the English and French languages, Geo- graphy and History. Much practical field work was given. The students in this department were carefully trained in Declamation, weekly exercises in composition being required. A thorough course in Military Science was given to all the students of the University. Instruction was given in the ele- mentary school of the soldier, company and battalion; regular formation of military parades; the turning off, mounting and relieving guards and sentinels; the duties of officers of the guard, officers of the day and adjutants; the making out correctly the different descriptions of military reports; permanent and field fortifications; the construction of Marine Batteries; ArtUlery Duty; the principles of Gunnery; the attack and defense of Fortified places; Castrametation ; Ancient Fortification; the ancient mode of attacking and defending Fortified places; the Ancient Tactics, particularly those of the Greeks and Romans — with a description of the organization and discipline of the Phalanx and Legion. The military exercises were given at those hours of the day which were generally passed by students in idleness or devoted to useless amusements, for which they were made a pleasing and healthful substitute. The Modern Languages, Music and Fencing were given as extras to those students who desired the work, and an annual course of lectures was given by Captain Partridge on the following subjects: "The Constitution of the United States, and the Science of Government generally"; "Political Economy including Agriculture, Commerce and Manufactures"; " Geography, History, Natural Philosophy, including Astronomy"; "Education"; "Na- tional Defense"; "Internal Improvement" and "Military Science." The first notice of the library appears in the University records under date of May 3, 1836. Hiram P. Woodworth, vice- president of the University, and Dr. Ira Davis were appointed a committee to report on the condition of the library. Prof. Wood- worth was appointed the first librarian of the University, May 3, 1836, which position he held until he went to Illinois in 1837. It is not stated definitely who succeeded him as librarian, but it is thought Dr. Ira Davis served as librarian 1837-40. Alvin E. Bovay held this office in 1840-41 and John M. Barnard in 1841-42. A board of Medical examiners was appointed with the power to examine and recommend to the trustees the persons for the TEXT BOOKS. • 77 degree of M. D, The only person to receive the degree was Joseph G. Tilden in 1837. This department did not prove practicable and was soon given up. In 1839 a Law department was organized and work given until 1841, when the department was given up. A Mechanics' department was organized in 1836 in connection with the Civil Engineering work, but in a few years was dis- continued. Each student was allowed to advance as rapidly as possible in his studies and was graduated when the course was completed. TEXT BOOKS STUDIED DURING 1834-44 ENGLISH, Smith's andBuillion's Grammar; Walker's Rhetorical Gram- mar; Blair's Rhetoric. LATIN. Liber Primus; Caesar's Commentaries; Virgil; Cicero's Select Orations; Cicero's de Oratore, de Amicitia et de Senec- tute; Livy, first five books; Tacitus, five books; Horace; Adam's, Gould's, and Buillion's Grammar. GREEK. Buttman's Greek Grammar; Neilson's Greek Exercises; Jacob's Greek Reader; Xenophon's Anabasis; Homer's Iliad, six books; Homer's Odyssey; Herodotus; Delectus; Collectanea; Grseca Majora. FRENCH. Bolmar's, Levisac's, and Fowle's Grammar; Perrin's Vo- cabulary; Telemaque; Voltaire's Charles the 12th; Meadows, Nugent and Boyer's Dictionary. SPANISH. Joss' and Sales' Grammar; Telemaco; Robinson Crusoe; Newman's Dictionary. ITALIAN. Bache's Grammar. GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY. Woodbridge's and Willard's Geography; Mitchell's Ancient and Modern Geography; Whelpley's Compend; Hale's, Good- rich's and Willard's History of the United States; Adam's Roman Antiquities; Rollin's Ancient Historj-; Ferguson's Roman Re- iS ■ NORWICH UNIVERSITY. public; Gibbon's Rome; Rolliri's Ancient and Modern History; Russel's Modern Europe. MATHEMATICS AND ENGINEERING. Hutton's Mathematics; Button's Algebra; Button's Geo- metry; Hutton's Logarithms; Crozet's and Davies Descriptive Geometry; Cambridge and Hutton's Plane and Spherical Trig- onometry; Gummere's, Gibson's Surveying; Cambridge Topog- raphy; Hutton's Conic Sections and Isoperimetry; "Hutton's Geodetics and Fluxions; Bowditch's Navigator; Sganzin's and Mahan's Civil Engineering; Engold on Railroads; Military and Topographical Drawing. NATURAL PHILOSOPHY AND SCIENCES. Enfield's and Field's Natural Philosophy; Comstock's Nat- ural Chemistry. LOGIC, MORAL PHILOSOPHY AND METAPHYSICS. Hedge's Logic; Paley's Moral Philosophy; and Reid on the Mind. LAW AND POLITICS, Constitution of the United States; Vattel's Law of Nations, Burlamaqui on Natural and Political Law. The cadets served in rotation as officers in command of com- panies, as officers of the day, and as non-commissioned officers. The uniforms were the same as used in the " Academy' ' and described in Chapter 1. In November, 1835, the quartermaster-general of Vermont was instructed by the legislature of Vermont to loan Captain Partridge one hundred and fifty muskets and bayonets. Reveille was at sunrise throughout the year; the first roll call came fifteen minutes after reveille; the rooms were then placed in perfect order and an inspection was made by the officer of the day; breakfast came at 6 o'clock a. m., from March 20 to September 20 each year and during the remainder of the year at 7 o'clock; dinner was served at 12 o'clock throughout the year and supper at 5 p. m.; from March 20 until September 20, the study hours and recitations commenced at S o'clock a. m., and continued until noon; then at 1 o'clock until 5 p. m., and 8 p. m. until 10 p. m.; from S2ptember 20 until March 20, the study IMARCH 'J"0 BUKLINGTON, VT. 79 hours commenced at 9 a. m. and continued as given above, ex- cepting that the cadets were required to be in their rooms at 7 p. m. The police rules were very strict and similar to the regulations now in force at the University. The first march by the corps of cadets after the incorporation of the University was made in 1836 to the top of Mt. Ascutney and back to Norwich the same day. There are no records of marches taken until the trip to Burlington, Vermont, in July, 1840. The corps left the University quarters on Tuesday, the 7th of July, at 9 o'clock a. m., and, passing through Woodstock, Bridgewater, Rutland, Castleton and Fairhaven, arrived at White- hall on Thursday, the 9th of July, having performed a march of seventy miles. The corps remained in Whitehall until 1 o'clock p. M. the next day, when it took passage in the steamboat White- hall for Ticonderoga, distant twenty-five miles, where it disem- liarked at half past three. Immediately after being landed, the corps was formed into an open column and marched to the ground of the old fort. Soon after entering the fort the. line was formed, close in front of the old Barracks, in which was quartered the British Commander at the time when Ethan Allen demanded the surrender of the fort by the " high authority of the Great Jehovah and the Continental Congress." ' The line formed, a Feu de Joie was fired, which was followed by several battalion, wing and company fires. The effect was imposing and solemn. Having piled arms, the corps was dismissed for the purpose of examining the remains of the old fortifications, as well as many other things of interesting character at this celebrated military position, over which seemed to hang the destinies of America, at a most critical period of our Revolutionary contest. At al)()ut half i)ast six, the column was reformed, and the return line of march taken up. The corps reached Norwich at half past three p. m. July 14, and after announcing their arrival from the muzzles of the muskets, the mem1)ers were dismissed to their quarters. The whole distance was performed in six days and a half, and the one hundred and forty miles was marched over in five, days and a half. The weather was extremely warm the whole time, and during the first two days, the march was performed in a cloud of dust rendered worse by the severe drouth. Each carried a knapsack well loaded. The ground, or a floor with a blanket for a covering, constituted the only bed at night. All returned in good health, and their sunburned countenances 80 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. indicated the kind of service they had performed. The youngest member of the corps was thirteen years of age. During 1842-44, extended marches were not taken. The cadets, under command of Gen. T. B. Ransom, took a part in the celebration in White River Junction (Hartford), Vermont, July 4, 1843. The corps gave several exhibition drills; the Declaration of Independence was read by Cadet Henry Hancock; speeches were delivered by Gen. T. B. Ransom, '25, Col. W. E. Lewis, '32, and cadets James Cunningham, H. H. Gary, Charles K. Dean, Lemuel W. Blanchard, George F. Emer- son, John D. Hale, Robert H. Milroy, Jabez C. Crooker, Asa Howe; Cadet E. M. Brown read an original poem. A com- mittee consisting of James Cunningham, George F. Emerson and E. M. Brown, was appointed by the corps to extend their thanks to the citizens of Hartford for the kind hospitality given them. During 1835-37, one annual vacation of twelve weeks, be- ginning on the first IMonday in December was given, also a recess of one week, beginning immediately after the annual commence- ment. The ex|3€nses during the years 1835-37, were: Tuition $24, room rent $8, fuel and lights $8, board SI. 50 per week or $58.50 for an academic year of 39 weeks; use of library and incidentals $3.32; extra charge for instruction in French, Spanish, Music and Fencing, $4 per quartei-; tuition Primary department, $4 per quar- ter; tuition Teachers' department, $1.50 for each four weeks^. In 1838 the tuition was increased to $32 a year, and the charge for tuition, incidentals and French in the Civil Engineering department $50.20; library and incidentals $3; charge for extra studies as before given; attendance on lectures by the cadets $2 each course, and $5 for persons not cadets. During 1838-43, the charges were practically the same, only board was in- creased to $1 . 75 per week. The atliletics were confined to the military drills, fencing, boxing and rowing. The cadets were required to attend chapel each morning and were " urgently recommended to attend church on Sunday"; such as did not attend church were required to remain in their rooms, and were " advised to pass the day in reading the Scriptures." Their rooms were regularly inspected by the University authorities. All the cadets were required to board in the commons, unless excused by Captain Partridge. The commons was at times no more popular in this period than in the twenties. REMINISCENCES. 81 Rev. Cyrus H. Fay, '37, in 1898 gives the following account of a play given by the cadets in 1837 in which " Grahamism" was especially hit: "The word Grahamism recalls a system of diet which discarded meats, and asserted that vegetables, cereals and fruits were the only proper food. One Doctor Graham was the author of this system, and he rode his hobby until he seemed to regard meat-eaters as modified cannibals. This system was unpopular with us. Why it was so I am unable to explain at this late day. I certainly would not be so unkind toward our purveyors at the com- mons as to suggest that the cause might possibly be traced to a hankering on our part after more fleshly morsels than were set before us. "Sherwood, the tallest in our ranks, andsomewhat slim of build and pale of feature, was selected to represent Dock Graham, and to illustrate his die- tetic system; and when he appeared on the stage in high-heeled shoes and wearing a stove-pipe hat, he brought down the house. The author of this narrative represented a more liberal diet, and appeared before the audience rounded out by liberal padding, to the girth of Falstaff. Look on that pic- ture and then look on this." There were no fraternities during this period, 1834-44. Special attention was given to the instruction in elocution and public debating. Rev. C. H. Fay gives an account of a play given at Commencement of 1837. "A drama was proposed, but who could fui-nish it? Jackman was not thought of, for none of us supposed that either the tragic or the comic muse could lure him, for a moment, from the fascinations of his favorite science. To our surprise and delight a drama, in manuscript, was placed in our hands, and it was whispered to us that our reticent Professor was its author. It was accepted and a cast of characters soon chosen. The leading object of the play, as I now recall it, was to shoot some of the flying follies of the time. Promi- nent among these in our view was Grahamism. The other actors in the drama appear to me now in silhouette only, their very names having faded from my memory. The other follies aimed at I have forgotten, although I have a lingering suspicion that FASHION was one of them. There is no record that I have seen of the effect of the play upon the then prevalent foibles, but if our acting had been as good as our purpose was earnest some of them must have fluttered for a time with crippled wing. You ask what became of the drama? I cannot answer this question defiiiitcly. I surmise, however, that it fell into a state of 'innocuous desuetude' and finally into death. But I am quite certain that if the manuscript could ever be found, either in the archives of the Uni- versity or anywhere else, this inscription would appear upon it in a hand- writing expressive of righteous indignation: 'Murdered by amateur per- formers.' " An account of a portion of the play giving the ''hit" on the commons, was given above. General W. W. H. Davis, '43, gives an account of the Func- tion Society, which was organized by George H. Derby, '42, the 82 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. famous " John Phoenix' ' of literary fame, and Thomas W. White, '41, about 1839. General Davis states: The insignia for the Society was an exceedingly wise owl, the token signifying that the sessions were held at night, which I believe was the case. I was not a member, as I was hardly thought advanced enough in worldly wisdom to enjoy such distinction. The insignia was the work of George H. Derby.* * * He was a wit and an artist, and if some of his drawings on the blackboard could be reproduced, they would cause a broad grin on the face of the country from Maine to the Pacific. I have no copy of the insignia now, but had one some years ago." Just how long this society continued is not known, but probably it was discontinued about 1842. Major 0. H. Tenney, '45, writes: " In my day at ' Old N. U.' we had no secret societies. We had a debat- ing society. I remember that the records were kept by O. A. Buck, just be- fore my time, and before his time by William L. Lee, '4)3, who wrote the best hand in the book." During 1836-43, peace did not always exist between the students of^'' N. U.' ' and Dartmouth. Feuds sprang up. The cause of the first trouble is not preserved. Many tales have been handed down of encounters between the students of the two institutions. Rev. Cyrus H. Fa}^, '37, relates the following incident: "I am sorry to be obliged to record the fact that with some of our neigh- bors on the opposite bank of the Connecticut River, relations were at times a little strained. I refer to certain students in Dartmovith College. These students seemed to be affected by our regulation dress somewhat as a mad bull is said to be by a red flag. Nearness to our buttons was usually accompanied by some expression on their part, which proved an irritant to us. At length a crisis came which tested our mettle. The Fourth of July was at hand, a (lay we had always celebrated with cannon firing, the beating of drums, patriotic songs and orations. Well, only the day before we learned that these same students had, with malice prepense, planned for us the greatest insult human ingenuity could invent. They had obtained a coat, in style like our own, — buttons and all, — and had engaged a negro barber, on Hanover Plain, to wear it over to Norwich on the morrow, mingle with the crowd, and so take us off, as the saying was. Naturally this revelation greatly excited us. A council of war was at once called, and all the military knowledge we had acquired brought into service. I have neither time nor space to give a de- tailed account of what then transpired. It is sufficient to say, perhaps, that the strategy we planned would have delighted a Moltke, and that the daring and dash displayed in its execution imperiled, to our view at least, the fame of Napoleon. The coat with every part intact, was captured during the silent midnight hours, and captured within the enemy's intrenchments. Joy never mounted so high at the barracks as when tidings of the capture were an- FEUDS WITH THK DARTMOUTH STUDENTS. 83 nouiiced, and our eyes beheld by (he moonHght the proof of victory dangling from the end of a long pole, carried by Gray of Virginia, the leader of the 'Forlorn Hope.' We all felt that a great disgrace had been averted, and that the skill and the valor of the Norwich cadets had been vindicated for all time. The Fourth tlawned in brightness and beauty, and patriotism was regnant through all its hours on Norwich Plain. Eveiy part of an elaborate program was executed perfectly. Orator and poet achieved the loftiest flights of eloquence. The American Eagle, as was then his custom, came to their aid, and not only screamed but performed some wonderful gyrations. Mr. C. B. Burnham '39 contributedt he following reminiscence in 1909: "Some day when an attack of 'Xacoethes Scribendi' comes upon me, I may relate some unimportant event that may have occurred while I was at the University, (1836-39) perhaps pertaining to the religious watchfulness and care in exercises in protecting those two old rusty six-pounders from the spoliation at the hands of Dartmouth mischief-makers who, as July Fourth approached, annually evinced the desire to put them out of service. They were of no sort of use whatever except to be dragged to and fro by cords and straps at drill by us boys and to, at the risk of our lives, fire a salute from, when we could raise money enough to buy sufficient powder for the purpose and enough flannel to make bags to contain the powder charges. To have anything happen to that old scrap after all this preparation, to prevent us from risking our lives in the firing of the anticipated salute, would have broken our hearts and caused us to hate Dartmouth to a degree of more than ordi- nary intensity. Of course no harm could come except from the east side of the river. We watched passing strangers by day, and sentries, sometimes loaded with muskets — but not always — stood guard over them at night until July Fourth had come and passed — the salute fired, no one hurt, then we hung the powder horns and priming wires with the thumb stalls in the Armory and risked the safety of the condemned six-pounders to the care of ProA'idence and the elements. If those guns are not now in front of the ruined quarters, I do not know where to look for them, unless in the scrap pile of a junk shop. "Why the 'Hanoverians' were not en rapport with the 'Norwiche- gians' I never had personal knowledge. It was before my day when the for- mer arranged to add 'Senegambian' to the Cadet Corps on some public occasion; they clad him in regulation uniform and in some way were to insert him into cadet ranks on parade, as I have understood, l)ut 'the best laid plans oft gang, etc.,' and this one ganged. The African was captured, his canoni- cals were confiscated and the Hanoverians lost out their projected scheme. We sometimes visited Hanover, never singly, but in pairs, triplets, etc. We wore our uniforms on such occasions; each carried a chip on his shoulder and was prepared to defend that chip. So far as I know those chips were still in place when the braves returned to quarters. About 10 p. m. of a June evening, Norwich was visited by a delegation from Hanover composed, as we supposed, of Dartmouth students. It was a long column of fours, at least one hundred men, without music, which marched to the end of the main street, then countermarched to return from whence they came, not forgetting to attempt to enter our grounds on the eastern journey. Our gate 84 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. was guarded, the sticks and canes carried by the invaders proved ineffective in the assault against the bayonets of the guard. The invaders, after a short struggle, broke in retreat and were not pursued. Spoils of the victory consisted of crushed silk hats and two or three walking sticks. This visitation and visitant skirmish greatly disturbed the town officials. A delegation of the committee of safety made an early call on Captain Partridge the follow- ing A. M. to ascertain what assistance they might rely on to be furnished by him to repel a future invasion should one occur. I don't know his reply to the committee, but I do know that assembly was sounded about 9 a. M, We promptly responded. Captain Partridge was present and in a few words told us we would be called upon by Civil Authority whenever needed to pro- tect the village fi'om a mob similar to the unwelcome visitor of the night before. If so called upon, he would expect prompt response and efficient service. Some one, I think Tarbell of Moriah, N. Y., replied that should occasion require, our services would be prompt and effective. The Captain bit his under lip, smiled a grim smile, dismissed the assemblage and departed. We were never called on, for no mob came. "Subsequent to the nocturnal invasion referred to, we arranged, in con- junction with the Norwich Light Infantry, to pay an afternoon visit to Han- over; On a Saturday afternoon, the cadets and infantry paraded on the University grounds in full uniform — the band consisting of three snare drums, three fifes and a bugle, formed one column and struck out for the land of our enemy. The battalion numbered about one hundred and fifty men, Captain Partridge in command. I well remember his martial figure, his tight fitting uniform coat of ancient vintage, his rotund waist around which his belt was buckled and from which belt depended a gold mounted sword in a silver scabbard, — a 'gi-and old man.' Arriving at the west side of the bridge, the column halted, arms were trailed and we crossed the bridge with broken ranks and in irregular order. At the east end, formation was resumed; our flint locks at the order Fix Bayonets ! Carry Arms ! Right Wheel into Column! Guide Right! Forward March! drums sounded the cadence by taps. We marched up the hill to the north and south road, one side of the square; the music started, the fifes screamed, the drums rattled, the bugles made more noise than all the rest. I doubt if either musician or fifer knew what tune his fellow played, but so long as the tune was the same and the drums were in unison, it did not matter. Reaching the east and west road at the north end of the square, a right wheel, and we headed straight toward the college grounds. Marching eastward we approached the north and south road on the east side of the square. Before reaching the turning point to march south, all the world, his wife, 'his sisters, his cousins and his aunts,' had turned out. The road and grounds were filled and progress was difficult, and here was where we expected trouble, if any should occur. We would not resent jeers, hisses, or insulting remarks, but drew the line at stones and brickbats. We knew why we had fixed bayonets and why oiu" arms were at carry. We were ready for an emergency, — none came. Captain Warren and his com- pany were in front. They pushed the crowd aside as they wheeled to the right to march south. We closed our section into a solid column and pushed after them. Not a word of command from the officers except 'Steady' at intervals from Captain Partridge — we knew our business and did not 'have to be shown.' Emerging from the crowd, we marched south to the COMMENCEMENTS. 85 end of the village — along the way many cheers— then we countermarched and took our Avay homeward, our band playing Yankee Doodle." The annual commencements during 1836-43, were held on the third Thursday of August. During 1835-38, public examina- tions were given beginning on Monday preceding commence- ment, and lasted three days. During 1839-43, the examina- tions began on Monday of the week preceding commencement, and lasted one week. a^>)..vow.'' ajjsr:iE.'!US m.iViSi^^ wuu« u ^ ii«««.u. *»." i',»nliU«4 to aUtCw )j>-AvUoq,6. f.i>K0>-5 »x.i>^ ni;- ■«1>..:itW',. Ilvi-.'uijto p.'>-l.\M-.l.-.o. _ :&■.', o(i->-i,t.'.-ntl'i ,-.1,. of" "jXv;(. .J.X>. i:v/i , l.iv >>i ;>,M- ol' '.lit' I»IJ«T»B«. Diploma of 1837. In 1835, several of the cadets delivered orations. The first cadet to formally graduate from the University was Alonzo Jackman in 1836. Several cadets nearly completed the course and were afterwards given their degrees as for this class. Ora- tions were delivered by Cyrus H. Fay, '37, and Thomas J. Whipple '37. The degree of A. M. was conferred upon thirteen of the former cadets of the "Academy"; LL. D. upon the Hon. Ben- jamin Wright of New York, and Moncure Robinson, Esq., former cadets of the "Academy," In 1837 twelve cadets grad- uated; Rev. Cyrus H. Fay was the valedictorian of the class; the degree of Master of Civil Engineering was conferred upon two 86 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. cadets. In 1838, the Hon. Thomas H. Seymour, '29, of Connecticut delivered an address before the trustees on the day before com- mencement and Hon. John Wentworth of Chicago delivered the commencement address. In 1840, Hon. Benjamin F. Hallet of Boston, delivered the commencement address; orations were also delivered by the Rev. Theophilus Fisk, '23, and Hon. Thomas H. Seymour, '29. At the Commencement of 1842, AV. W. H. Davis delivered the 1)1- v(U"nr!n It.aitmi; crrtininrii ami tii,. ^ rSisU'CS h) atiiofBA3K210?. (.fi.?.?S '5i(i/n^.^^ our ^UT|5i^rtlt .iit^jti).; 5»ral immmit»i» //rita**/'- A^f^ntna. -^ li^ilt - -3»,^,/i-/ -^ ». JJi.f ./ It. HI ^, li.. «i;ktl<>tb J.., ./ JiijJll .. //• M/.. ..J. ./It. .J^^^j^ A Diploma of 1864. appointed professor of Ancient Languages and Literature, which position he held one year. Jacob Parker Gould, B. S., of the class of 1849 served as tutor during 1849-50. In September, 1850, Rev. Edward Bourns became professor of Moral Sciences, Ancient Languages and Literature and for a period of twenty years held this position endearing himself to the members of succeeding classes through his eminent attainments, his kindly sympathy, and his delicate and incisive wit. Clinton S. Averill, B. S., '49, succeeded Professor Preston, as professor of the Natural Sciences and Military Tactics. Rev. James Davie Butler, A. M., 106 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. returned to the faculty as professor of Modern Languages, History and Belles-Lettres, which position he held until August, 1851. Samuel Johnson Allen, M. D., a graduate of the Castleton (Vermont) Medical College, served as lecturer on Anatomy and Physiology, 1850-51. In September, 1852, Prof. Alonzo Jackman resumed his position of professor of Mathematics, Military Science and Tactics, and continued this position with very little change of work until his death, February 28, 1879. In 1852, Rev. Moses Strong Royce, A. M., graduate of the University of Vermont, class of 1844, was appointed professor of Ancient and Modern History and Belles- Lettres, which position he resigned in August, 1853. In 1853, WilHam Caldwell Belcher, A. M., a former cadet of the University, class of 1840, and a graduate of the University of Vermont, class of 1842, was elected professor of the Natural Sciences. He proved a most capable instructor. He resigned at the end of the academic year to take up the study of law. In 1854, Professor Jackman took the work in Natural Sciences in addition to his regular studies. Thomas Russell Crosby, A. M., M. D., a graduate of Dartmouth College, class of 1841, became professor of Anatomy and Natural History and held the position until 1862. In 1855, Professor Clinton S. Averill returned to the University and relieved Professor Jackman of the work in the Natural Sciences. In 1856, he resigned and Professor Jackman again took this work. In 1859, Alfred Gaudelet, A. M., was appointed instructor of Modern Languages and Daniel Hoyt Sherman, a graduate of Chandler School, Dartmouth College, instructor of Mechanical and Topographical Drawing. In the fall of 1860, Samuel Walker Shattuck, B. S., of the class of 1860, was appointed instructor of Mathematics and Military Tactics, which position he held until he entered the service in 1863. In 1861, George Baillard succeeded Alfred Gaudelet as pro- fessor of the Modern Languages. This same year Professor Sher- man resigned and Professor Baillard took his work. Professor Averill again returned to the faculty in April, 1861, and acted as professor of the Natural Sciences until August, 1862. Edouard Chamier succeeded Professor Baillard in 1862 as professor of Modern Languages and Literatures, Linear, Archi- tectural and Landscape Drawing. Rev. Charles Leland Balch, a graduate of a New York University and St. John's College, THE FACULTY AND COURSES OF STUDY. 107 Cambridge, England, was appointed professor of the Latin and Greek Languages and Literature, relieving President Bourns of a portion of his work. Professor Balch was an especially able instructor and had issued several valuable text books. In August, 1863, Albert H. Gallatin, A. M., M. D., a graduate of New York University and of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York City, became profe.ssor of Chemistry, Geology and Mineralogy. In 1864, Henri Louis Delescluze, A. M., succeeded Edouard Chamier as professor of Modern Lan- guages, Architectural and Landscape Drawing, and retained the position until 1867. Professor Delescluze was a graduate of a French University and a very able instructor. In August, 1864, Professor Gallatin resignctl. Charles Nelson Kent, B. S., of the class of 1864, was appointed instructor of Mathematics and Military Tactics in the summer of 1864. Professor Balch resigned in August, 1864, and Clinton Jones Hartt, A. B., was appointed instructor of the Latin and Greek Languages and Literatures and held the position until the winter of 1865, w^hen he resigned. Capt. Samuel Walker Shattuck, B. S., returned to the faculty in the fall of 1865 as adjunct professor of Mathematics, History and Military Tactics. The total attendance for the years 1847-66 was 797. Of this number 185 were graduates. During this period railway construction was especially active and many of the cadets, on securing positions, did not wait to receive their degrees. Two courses were given at the University during this period, the Classical and Scientific. The courses were nearly identical, as the classical men were required to carry all the mathematics of the Scientific course. During 1847-54, it took three years to complete the Classical course, and two years for the Scientific. In 1855, the length of time to complete the course was extended to four and three years, respectively. CLASSICAL COURSE 1847-66. 1847-50. English Grammar, Ancient and Modern Geography, Ancient and Modern History, Rhetoric, Logic, English Literature, Moral Science, Mental Philosophy, Natural and Political Law, Natural Theology, Evidences of Christianity, Political Economy, Con- 108 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. stitution of the United States, Ancient and Modern Languages, Algebra, Geometry, Navigation, Surveying, Analytical Geometry, Descriptive Geometry, Trigonometry, Mensuration, Calculus, Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, Astronomy, Geology, Mineralogy, Military Tactics, Topographical and Military Drawing, Military Science, Civil Engineering. The work was taught as follows: First Year. Fall term, English Grammar, Rhetoric, Alge- bra, Geometry, Latin Grammar, Odes of Homer; Spring term, Ancient History, Ancient Geography, Rhetoric completed. Algebra and Geometry completed, Latin Grammar, Satires of Horace; Summer term. Modern History, Modern Geography, Logic, Geology, Mineralogy, Latin Grammar, Cicero de Oratore. Second Year. Fall term. Logic completed, Lectures on Common Law, Analytical Geometry, Natural Philosophy, Latin Grammar, Cicero de Senectutc; Spring term, Natural Theology, Evidences of Christianity, Political Economy, Descriptive Geo- metry, Astronomy, Latin Grammar, Terence; Summer term, Political Economy completed, Moral Science, Chemistry, Naviga- tion, Latin Grammar, Satires of Juvenal. Third Year. Fall term. Moral Science completed. Natural and Political Law, Davie's Lights and Shadows, Topographical Drawing, Greek Grammar, Euripides; Spring term. Intellectual Philosophy, Constitution of the United States, Differential and Integral Calculus, Greek Grammar, Sophocles; Summer term. Constitution of the United States completed, International Law, Civil Engineering, Greek Grammar, Demosthenes de Corona. 1850-55. First Year. Fall term, Virgil with Prosody, Leipsic in Class, Xenophon's Anabasis, Greek Grammar reviewed, Algebra, Geometry; Winter term, Livy, Latin Prose Composition, Herodo- tus, Algebra, Geometry completed. Trigonometry and Mensura- tion; Spring term, Horace (Odes) Mythology, Homer; Fiske's Antiquities, Analytical Geometry, Natural Philosophy; Summer term, Horace (Satires) continued, Homer continued, Natural Philosophy completed. Navigation and Surveying. Second Year. Fall term, Terence, Greek Composition, Descriptive Geometry, English Grammar; Winter term, Cicero de Oratore, Sophocles, Differential and Integral Calculus, Whatley's Lessons on Reasoning; Spring term, Juvenal and Persius, Aeschy- COURSES OF STUDY. 109 lus, Astronomy, Russell's Elocutionist; Summer term, Plautus Captivi, Demosthenes, Shades and Shadows, Rhetoric. Third Year. Fall term, Civil Engineering, Mechanical Drawing, History of Greece, PoUtical Economy; Winter term. Chemistry, Manual of History, Taylor's Conduct of the Under- standing; Spring term, Cicero's Tusculan Questions, Geology, Logic, Psychology, Locke on the Human Understanding; Sum- mer term, Plato's Defence of Socrates, Mineralogy, History of Civilization, Butler's Analogy. 1855-6L First Year. Fall term, Algebra, Roman History, Virgil, last six books, Latin Grammar; Spring term, Algebra finished, Geometry commenced, Greek History, Rhetoric commenced, Xenophon's Anabasis, Greek Grammar, Horace's Odes, Latin Prose Composition; Summer term, Geometry finished, Rhetoric finished, English History, Horace's Odes, Prosody, Herodotus commenced, Latin Prose Composition. Second Year. Fall term, Chemistry, Herodotus, Horace's Satires, Cicero's Brutus, Homer completed, Greek Prose Com- position; Spring term, Trigonometry, Mensuration, Descriptive Geometry, Geology, Livy, Latin Prose Composition; Summer term, Homer continued, Greek Prose, Composition, Mineralogy, Shades and Shadows, Surveying. Third Year. Fall term, Plautus Captivi, Terence, Logic, Roman Antiquities, Anah'tical Geometry; Spring term, Euripides, Sophocles, Cicero de Oratore, Greek Antiquities, Physiology, Natural History, Differential and Integral Calculus; Summer term, Analytical Mechanics, Juvenal and Persius, Laws of Nations. Fourth Year. Fall term. Acoustics and Optics, Consti- tution of the United States, Political Economy, Psychology, Intellectual Philosophy, Demosthenes and Longinus; Spring term. Intellectual Philosophy completed, Philosophy of the Mind, Kames' Elements, Tacitus, Cicero's Tusculan Questions, Political Economy completed, Astronomy; Summer term, Navigation, Civil Engineering, Kames' Elements completed, Field Practice with Instruments. 1861-64. First Year. Fall term, Algebra, Roman History, Mrgil, Latin Grammar; Spring term, Algebra completed, Geometry commenced, History of Greece, Xenophon's Anabasis, Latin Prose IIU NORWICH UNIVERSITY. Composition; Summer term, Geometry completed, English His- tory, Horace's Odes, Prosody, Herodotus commenced, Latin Prose Composition. Second Year. Fall term, Chemistry, Rhetoric, Herodotus, Horace's Satires, Cicero's Brutus, Homer, Greek Prose Composi- tion; Spring term. Trigonometry, Mensuration, Descriptive Geo- metry, Geology, Livy, Greek Prose Composition; Summer term. Surveying, Navigation, Shades and Shadows, Homer, Mineralogy. Third Year. Fall term. Analytical Geometry, Logic, Plau- tus' Captivi, Terence, Roman Antiquities; Spring term. Differential and Integral Calculus, Physiology, Natural History, Euripides, Cicero de Oratore, Grecian Antiquities; Summer term. Analytical Mechanics commenced, Laws of Nations, Juvenal and Persius. Fourth Year. Fall term. Analytical Mechanics completed. Constitution of the United States, Political Economy commenced. Psychology, Demosthenes and Longinus; Spring term. Acoustics and Optics, Intellectual Philosophy, Philosophy of the Mind, Political Economy completed, Kame's Elements, Tacitus, Cicero's Tusculan Questions; Summer term, Astronomy, Civil Engineering and Field Practice, Kame's Elements, Rhetoric. 1865-66. First Year. Fall term, Livy, Xenophon's Memorabilia, Algebra, Roman History; Spring term, Horace's Ode's and Epodes, Homer, Algebra completed. Geometry commenced, History of Greece; Summer term, Cicero's de Officis or Oratore, Homer, Herodotus, Geometry completed. History of England, Latin and Greek Prose Composition through the year. Second Year. Fall term. Satires and Epistles of Horace, Aeschylus or Sophocles, Chemistry, Physiology; Spring term, Juvenal and Persius, Euripides, Alcestis and Medoea Trigonometry, Mensuration and Descriptive Geometry, Geology; Summer term, Tacitus, Plautus Captivi, Demosthenes' de Corona or Aeschines, Shades and Shadows, Surveying, Mineralogy, Roman and Grecian Antiquities through the year. Third Year. Fall term, Terence, Analytical Geometry, Rhetoric, History of Civilization, French Spelling Lessons, Fas- quelle's Grammar; Spring term, Thucydides, Differential and Integral Calculus, Democracy of America, Williams' French Conversation, Perrin's Fables; Summer term, Cicero's Tusculan Questions, Calculus completed, Mechanics commenced, Political COURSES OF STUDY. Ill Economy and Constitution of the United States, French, Paul and Virginia, Fasquelle's Grammar, Spanish Language, (elective). Fourth Year. Fall term, Mechanics completed, Law of Nations, Logic, French, Michelet's History, Poitevin's Grammar; Spring term, Acoustics and Optics, Intellectual Philosophy, Psy- chology and Kame's Elements, French, MoHere; Summer term, Astronomy and Civil Engineering, Moral Science, Rhetoric. SCIENTIFIC COURSE 1847-66. 1847-50. In addition to the studies in Mihtary Tactics and Military Science, a student to be entitled to a certificate as a Civil Engineer was required to complete the following branches: English Language, Geography, Rhetoric and Logic, History, Geometry, Mensuration, Navigation, Analytical Geometry, Natural Philosophy, Algebra, Trigonometry, Surveying, Descriptive Geometry, Calculus, Chem- istry, Mineralogy, Civil Engineering, Geology. 1850-52. First Year. Fall term, Algebra, Geometry, English Gram- mar, Lessons on Reasoning; Winter term, Algebra and Geometry completed, Trigonometry and Mensuration, History of Rome, Manual of History; Spring term. Analytical Geometry, Natural Philosophy, Logic; Summer term, Natural Philosophy completed. Navigation and Surveying, Botany. Second Year. Fall term. Descriptive Geometry, Russell's Elocutionist, Civil Engineering, Gillespie on Roads and Railroads; Winter term, Differential and Integral Calculus, Chemistry, Anat- omy and Physiology; Spring term, Astronomy, Geology, Rhetoric; Summer term. Shades and Shadows, Mechanical Drawing, Mineral- ogy, Mahan on the Science of War and Fortification. 1853-54. First Year. Fall term. Algebra, Geometry; Winter term, Algebra, Geometry, including Trigonometry, plane and spherical, and Mensuration; Spring term, Geometry and Algebra, Roman History, Conic Sections; Summer term. Algebra, Geometry, Survey- ing, Navigation, Greek History. 112 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. Second Year. Fall term, Analytical Geometry, Manual of History; Winter term, Descriptive Geometry, Rhetoric; Spring- term, Natural Philosophy, Differential and Intergral Calculus; Summer term, Natural Philosophy and Calculus completed. Third Year. Fall term, Chemistry, Mineralogy, Logic; Winter term. Geology, Astronomy, Acoustics and Optics, Political Economy; Spring term, Shades and Shadows, English Literature, Psychology; Summer term. Civil Engineering, Topographical Drawing, Mental Philosophy. 1855-61. First Year. Fall term, Algebra, Geometry, Roman History; Spring term, Algebra, Trigonometry, Mensuration, Descriptive Geometry, Greek History, Rhetoric commenced; Summer term. Algebra, Geometry, Shades and Shadows, English History. Second Year. Fall term, Analytical Geometry, Chemistry, Logic; Spring term. Differential and Integral Calculus, Geology, Physiology, Natural History commenced; Summer term. Analyti- cal Mechanics, Mineralogy, Laws of Nations, Natural History, finished. Third Year. Fall term. Acoustics and Optics, Psychology, Constitution of the United States; Spring term. Astronomy, Intellectual Philosophy, Philosophy of the Mind, Political Econ- omy, Kame's Elements commenced; Summer term. Navigation, Civil Engineering, Kame's Elements completed. Field practice with Instruments. 1861-65. First Year. Fall term. Algebra, Geometry, Roman History; Spring term. Algebra, Geometry, Trigonometry, Mensuration, Descriptive Geometry, History of Greece; Summer term, Algebra, Geometry, Surveying, Navigation, Shades and Shadows, English History. Second Year. Fall term. Analytical Geometry, Rhetoric, Chemistry; Spring term, Differential and Integral Calculus, Geology, Physiology, Natural History; Summer term. Analytical Mechanics commenced; Mineralogy, Laws of Nations. Third Year. Fall term. Analytical Mechanics completed Logic, Constitution of the United States, Political Economy commenced. Psychology; Spring term. Acoustics and Optics, Political Economy completed, Intellectual Philosophy, Philosophy TEXT BOOKS USED. 113 of the Mind, Kame's Elements; Summer term, Astronomy, Civil Engineering and Field Practice, Kame's Elements, Rhetoric. 1865-66. First Year. Fall term, Algebra, Geometry, Roman History, English Philolog}^, Drawing; Spring term, Algebra, Geometry, Trigonometry, Mensuration, Descriptive Geometry, Grecian His- tory, Drawing; Summer term, Algebra, Geometry, Surveying, Shades and Shadows, History of England, Drawing. Second Year. Fall term, Analytical Geometry, Chemistry, History of Civilization, Physiology, Rhetoric, French Grammar; Spring term. Differential and Integral Calculus, Geology, Democ- racy of America, French, Williams' Conversations, Perrin's Fables, Drawing; Summer term, Calculus completed. Mechanics commenced. Mineralogy, Political Economy, Constitution of the United States, French, Paul and Virginia, Fasquelle's Grammar, Drawing. Third Year. The same studies were given as in the senior year in the classical department. (See classical course for 1865.) The following list of text books were used during 1847-66 : LATIN. Arnold's Prose Composition; Andrew's and Stoddard's Hark- ness Grammar; Lincoln's edition of the various Latin Authors; Leverett's Lexicon. greek Text books same as used in 1843-46. See Chapter III. ENGLISH. Wells' and Fowler's Grammar; Whatley's and Campbell's Rhetoric; Graham's English S3'nonyms; Shaw's English Literature; Russell's Elocutionist. FRENCH. Chouquet's Spelling Lessons; Fasquelle's Grammar; WiUiams' Conversations; Perrin's Fables; Michelet's History; Poitevin's Grammar; Paul and Virginia, Moliere. 114 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. HISTORY. Smith's, Minific's and Keightley's History of Greece; Rogers', and Taylor's Manual of History; Guizot's History of Civilization; Keightley's and Liddell's History of Rome; Hume's History of England. MATHEMATICS. Davie's Mathematics; Mahan's Civil Engineering; Gillespie on Roads and Railroads; Minifie's Mechanical Drawing; Church's Differential and Integral Calculus; Bartlett'sAnalytical Mechanics; Olmsted's and Bartlett's Astronomy. SCIENCES. Lyell's Geology; Silliman's, Turner's and Rogers' Chemistry; Dana's Mineralogy; Bartlett's Natural Philosophy, Acoustics, and Optics; Wood's Class Books on Botany; Cutters Anatomy and Physiology. PHILOSOPHY, POLITICAL ECONOMY AND LAW. Whatley's Lessons on Reasoning and Logic; Taylor's Edition, Locke's Conduct of the Understanding; Stewart's Philosophy of the Mind; Paley's Evidences; Wayland's Moral Science; Cousin's Psychology; Mahan's Litellectual Philosophy; Hickock's Moral Sciences; Kame's Elements; Reed on the Intellectual and Active Powers; Say's and Bartlett's Political Economy; Cousin's and Story's Constitution of the LTnited States; Chidman's Natural and Political Laws; Wheaton's International Law. MILITARY. O'Connor, Mahan on the Science of War and Fortification; Jomini's Art of War; Duane's Manual of Engineer Troops ;Scott's Infantry Tactics. During this period an effort was made to increase the useful- ness of the library. Dr. Ira Davis served as librarian until 1852, when he was succeeded by Professor Jackman. Instructor Shattuck served as librarian during 1862-63; Professor Chamier, 1863-64; Instructor Kent, 1864-65, and Professor Shattuck, 1865-68. LIBRARY ENTRANCE REQUIREMENTS. 11") 111 1854, it wa.s voted by tlic trustees to have tlie library opened three days each week. In 1856, Professor Horace Webster presented the University a valuable collection of maps. In I860, the trustees voted that each member of the trustees be " requested to present or cause to be presented to the library ten volumes of books." The trustees generously responded to this call. Profes- sor Shattuck secured many donations to the library during his term of service. In 1862, a magazine club was formed Ijy the cadets, and a reading room was maintained by the club until 1866. During 1848-66, students were not admitted under fourteen years of age. Candidates for entrance to the College or Classical course were reciuired to pass examinations in the common school studies. Algebra, to simple equations, Latin and Greek grammar and Latin and Greek readers. In 1850, Caesar, Sallust, the first six books of ^ irgil, the Greek Testament, four Gospels and Acts, Algebra, through the equations of the first degree, were added to the requirements for admission. In 1851, Virgil's ^Eneid was added, and in L852 Cicero's Select Orations and Homer's Iliad, two books or an equivalent. During LS60-65, the requirements for admission were: Latin grammar, Latin reader, Sallust, Cicero's Select Orations, first six ])0()ks of Virgil; Greek grammar, Greek reader, four books; Xenephon's Anabasis, Homer's Iliad, two books or an equivalent; Arithmetic and Algebra through the equation of the first degree. During LS48-49, candidates for the Scientific course were examined in the common school studies and Algebra as far as simple equations. In 1859, an examination in Algel:)ra through equations of the first degree was required. During 1848 and 1849, the academic year was divided into four sessions of eleven weeks each. There were three regular terms. Fall, Spring and Summer; a special term was given in the Winter. We quote from the catalogue published in 1849: "The fourth oi' Winter term is devoted to such studies as may enable delinciuent students to recover their standing in their respective classes; to studies of the [Modern Languages and Literature; and to studies in the Philosf)phy of History, more extensive than could otherwise be pursued."' During 1850-54. the year was divided into four terms, Fall, Winter. Spring and Summer. The Fall term began in Septeml^er; the Winter term in November; the Spring term in Feljruar}-; and the Summer term in Mav. 116 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. During 1855-65, the year was divided into three terms, Fall, Spring and Summer, beginning respectively in September, January and May. Dvtring 1847-57, a vacation of three weeks was given in the Winter term, December to January, and one of two weeks was given at the end of the Spring term; and the Summer vacation, lasting four weeks, began at Commencement. During 1857-65 a vacation of four weeks came at the end of the Fall term; one of two weeks at the end of the Spring term. In the Summer of 1858-62, and 1864, a vacation of four weeks was given; in 1863 and 1865, five weeks, and in 1866, six weeks. The military organization was continued during 1847-66 without change. The work of this department was kept up to the standard set by Captain Partridge and Col. T. B. Ransom. The teaching at the University was not to lead the cadets to adopt a military career, but to become good citizens and be ready in case of necessity to fight for the defense of our country. The following quotation from the catalogue published in 1850 shows that the University authorities fully appreciated the physical benefits the cadets received in the various drills: "The old Gnostic idea, that the body is the enemy of the mind, and should be mortified and macerated as such, is exploded; and it is thought to be the part of a wise system of instruction to train, improve and discipline the body, so that it may be able to co-operate with the mind to execute its highest and best purposes. At the same time, the students are under a military organi- zation called Cadets, dressed in uniform and drilled in military exercises. This drill is an agreeable relaxation to the student, strengthens the frame and fits liim for his mental studies, whilst those habits of prompt, strict obe- dience and regularity, which always distinguish the soldier, are acquired, invaluable to him in his collegiate course, and in the great business of his after life. These habits of promptness and love of order are thus wrought into his character, and are found to distinguish the graduates of this insti- tution throughout their lives, whether they pursue literature, embark in commerce, or adopt any of the learned professions. Experience proves that men who are trained to arms know best when and how to use them. The love of war is not instilled into the young men of Norwich University, nor are they found to prefer the profession of arms more than any others of the same age and station, however educated; but they are here to acquire a strength of body and manly carriage seldom found amongst merely academic students . Under tliis system of regular exercise, it is found that young men can per- form the same amount of study in three years that usually occupies four in other colleges, and the number of recitations is arranged accordingly. In proof that young men educated under military discipline do not necessarily adopt the profession of arms, let the highest military institution in the country be examined. West Point Academy itself, whilst it produces some of the best MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS. 117 soldiers in the world, has at the same time furnished about as many ministers of the gospel in proportion to its number of graduates as any literary institu- tion in this country, and those distinguished as much for love of peace and good order as for piety and learning." The cadets, in rotation, served as officers, non-commissioned officers, officers of the guard, officers of the day and commandants of parade. The only regular cadet officer was the adjutant, whose duties were little different from those of a first sergeant, and who fell into ranks with a rifle like any private, at all drills. He called the rolls, marched the battalion to meals and church, made frequent inspections of quarters and grounds, read the re- ports of himself and the officer of the day at morning parade for prayers, and performed certain clerical duties required by the president. Two adjutants were usually appointed annually, one holding office from the beginning of the college year to the middle, and the other from the middle of the year to Commence- ment. The military instruction consisted, as it does to-day, of artillery and infantry drills, but more attention was devoted to fencing than has been since the institution removed to Northfield. On the walls of nearly every room were grouped, foils, wooden cutlasses and fencing poles. Small sword, sabre and bayonet fencing made an important part of the winter drills and an in- teresting portion of the annual commencement exercises. Strict military discipline was maintained. The immediate supervision of the discipline and all matters pertaining to order was in charge of the officer of the barracks, who had quarters in the barracks. He was assisted in the preservation of order by the cadet adjutant. A short drill was given Ijefore breakfast and the regular drill hour extended from 4 to 5 p. :\i. In the fall of 1860 there was a partial change in the method of electing officers. We give the "Regulations" in full. Article I. Beginning with the fall term of 1860, the Mihtary seniority of each cadet shall be reckoned by the number of times he has attended Company, Battalion, and Artillery Drills and Guard Duty. Art. II. When a cadet has passed regularly through the Company and Battalion drills of the Spring, Summer and Fall terms of a year, he shall have a claim to office; which office he shall receive by appointment, in order of his seniority. But no cadet shall have a claim to office in a branch of drill through which he has not passed. 118 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. Art. III. When a company or battalion is officered, the whole set of officers shall be appointed at the same time. Their term of holding office shall be during five successive drills. Their appointment and rank shall be according to their Military seniority and their posts as established in the United States Tactics. The professor of Tactics, if he thinks advisable, may fill the posts of commissioned officers from the senior class, and the posts of ser- geants, from the juniors. Art. IV. Should an officer's post be vacant at the time of any drill or pai'ade, the officer in charge of the drill may fill such vacancy for the time, without regard to seniority. Art. V. When a set of officers shall have held office during the prescribed time, they shall return to the ranks. Art. VI. On public occasions, as commencement and ex- cursions, officers, if possible, shall be appointed wholly from the graduating class. Art. VII. The power to appoint regular officers for drill shall be vested in the professor of Tactics. Art. VIII. Each absence from regular drills, shall receive demerit marks as follows, viz.: commissioned officers twenty; non- commissioned officers, fifteen; privates, ten. Art. IX. When on drill, all disorderly conduct will receive such punishment as the professor of Tactics shall judge proper. Art. X. The number designating the demerit marks of a cadet, relative to drill, shall be deducted from the number denoting his seniority, and the remainder shall be his true seniority. Art. XI. The military standing of each cadet shall be given in the term report issued by the president of the University. Captain John M. Stanyan. '50, in a letter written in 1896, states: " Drills, — who can forget the loading of a musket in seventeen movements? (ieneral Jackmau wouki sometimes drill us almost beyond our endurance, so interested would he become. We soon found that if we were at shoulder arms, a slight dropping of the gun butts from the hips would attract his attention and he would command, 'Order Arms, Rest,' — with an apology." Captain Stanyan gives the history of the term, "Hay-foot, straw-foot" as follows; "We of those days well recollect Scott's company drill commencing with the 'goose stej)'. Who has told of theCrowninshields? Is the story true which is related of one of those brothers? It is said that on drilling a squad of farm- ers' boys, he attached hay and straw to their ankles, and on being reprimanded said that the young men did not readily catch on to the command, 'Left, Right' and that those attached farm products appealed more directly to their UNIFORMS CANNON. 119 auakeniiig intclligonce, loadino; them to mark time correctly. At least the phrase 'haj' foot, straw foot' is well known in army circles to the remotest post." The cadets wore a blue uniform. The drill coat was cut swal- low tailed, and was covered with three rows of jjuttons of Univer- sity design, and similar to the ones later used in Northfield; the collar was trimmed with gold lace. The trousers had a black velvet stripe, two inches wide down the outside seam. The service coat was single breasted and buttoned with a row of nine buttons. The cap was the regulation United States Army, and having a gold plated eagle and the letters "N. U." in silver in front. White trousers were worn in the summer. In 1862, the custom of wearing class "stripes" was begun We quote from the Reveille of April 1862: "The straps for a student in the senior year of the Cla.ssical or Scientific course in the University shall be of dark blue cloth, in the shape of a rectangle, one and three-3ighths inches wide by four long, bordered with an embroidery of gold bullion one fourth of an inch wide. Inside of the embroidery at each end there shall l)e one gold embroidered bar, of the same width as I he border, placed parallel to the ends of the straps, at a distance from the border equal to its width; at the middle of the .straps there shall be two .silver, eijuilateral triangles, one having an angle to one end of the strap, the other to the other end. "For juniors of both courses, the same as seniors, except there shall be no bar. For sophomores the same as juniors, except there shall be no embroidery on the ends of the rectangle. For freshmen, the same as sophomores except there shall be no triangles. The embroidery shall be the same kind as that used on the army strap; an imitation of metal may be used if prefernnl." In November, 1850, the state legislature of Vermont voted to loan the University two field pieces. The guns were taken to the University in the summer of 1851. Dunbar Ransom, '51, who had been for some time a cadet at the United States Military Academy, took charge of the artillery drill. In November, 1852, the state legislature authorized the loan of two heavier cannon, than the ones issued to the University in 1850, and in the summer of 1853, they were taken to the University. These gims w^ere in use at "N. U." until 1906, when Maj. Henry W. Hovey, U. S. A., the commandant, ordered them spiked. They are now housed in the cannon shed on the campus In the summer term of 1851, Cadet John B. Pike of Lebanon, N. H., raised the money for the erection of a flag pole in front of the University buildings. During this period several practice marches were made. General Dodge gives the following account of the marches made during the time he was a cadet: 120 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. "The trips made during my attendance at the University were — first, to St. Johnsbury, Vt. We visited the Fairbanks scale works and on our return to Norwich, wo reached Thetford on Sunday, and camped on the common. A protest was made against our camping there by the ministers as it would interfere with the services of the church fronting the common. Our commanding officer refused to remove the camp and there were no ser\dces held in the church. A large crowd of people visited us. " We made our next trip to Fort Ticonderoga. We marched up the White River, via Montpelier to St. Albans, and from there took the boat to the fort. We returned to Burlington by boat and marched back to Norwich via Mont- pelier. We were under the command of our adjutant, S. N. Fifield. "The Engineering Corps made several trips to different towns and sur- veyed them. We surveyed White River Junction, Hartford, Woodstock, Thetford and Windsor. I have among my papers my plans of some of those surveys. We used the compass generally and took the measurements and directions of the roads and put on the maps every house and every farm, the streams, topography, etc. This was for the field work of the class. We also laid out a line of railroad. I think it was on one of the streams near Northfield, about three or four miles long, to give the engineering class the use of instru- ments. There is where I learned the use of the level and transit and compass so that I was competent to take these instruments in the field." We give accounts of trips taken in 1853 and 1854, from the pen of Col. H. O. Kent, '54: "A notable event of those days was the visit to Fort Ticonderoga. By rail to Winooski, just out of Burlington, marching up the hill, topping its crest to look down upon the city and beautiful Lake Champlain; forming around Ethan Allen's grave in the Cemetery on the liill, and marching to quarters in town, the observed of all; the trip down the lake on the Francis Saltus, the occupancy of Ticonderoga, and our reception along the line, were things to evoke pleasant memories after the lapse of many years. The formation was a battalion of four companies, Major (as he was then entitled) Jackman in command. "We were invited, and went to Claremont, N. H., July 4, of the same year. Shall those of us who were there ever forget how Major Jackman, when the battalion was formed at the High Bridge, two miles out, was kicked and disabled by Marshal Jari-is' horse; how Ainsworth, adjutant, took command; how we escorted Hon. John S. Wells of New Hampshire, the orator, and the dignitaries of the day; and how when drawn up for dress parade at sunset, before thousands of people, a little anxious at the absence of our familiar commander, Major Jackman appeared riding in an old-fashioned gig, halted on our front, borrowed a ramrod to serve as a sword, delved his left hand deep in his trousers jjocket and brought out the old silver watch and glanced at it, and assumed command with 'Attention, Battalion!' How we did drill! The crack of the gun butts, as they came down as one, lingers in my memory still." On July 4, 1858, the corps marched to Woodstock, Vt., and took part in the celebration given by that town. They took part in the parade and gave several exhibition drills. They were MARCHES TO WOODSTOCK AXD MT. ASCUTXEY. 121 hospitably entertained l)y the citizens. They returned to Nor- wich, July 5. The corps were invited b}^ the town of Fairlee to assist in the Fourth of July celebration in 1859 and Robert E. Hitchcock, '59, was selected by the cadets to lead them. He borrowed of Mrs. T. B. Ransom, the historic sword carried by Colonel Ransom in his charge up the heights of Chapultepec. Captain Curtis in writing of this march pays the following tribute to the memory of Lieutenant Hitchcock: "Dear old Bob, can any cadet of 1857, '.58 and '59 forget his handsome, resolute features, and his military dignity? He was made of the same stuff as General Ransom and General Dodge, and had he lived, would have divided honors with them. Appointed a second lieutenant of marines, June 5, 1861, he had barely joined his company when he was ordered to take it into action at Bull Run, and fell in a charge, the first blood for Vermont, and the first sacrifice of 'Old X. U.' on her country's altar." We give an account of the march to Mt. Ascutney, Vt., from the University Quarterly of Juty, 1861: " On June 20, 1861, a detachment of the cadets started on an excursion to Mount Ascutney, near Windsor, Vermont. We arrived at Windsor by the noon train, and spent the afternoon in walking about the beautiful \dllage. In the evening the Windsor Cornet Band offered its services, and escorted by it, the cadets marched through the principal streets of the town. The band played martial music very finely. At 9 o'clock p. m., the night roll call took place, the guard was mounted and the cadets entered upon camp duty in Wind- sor House Hall. Early on the morning of June 21, they marched three miles from Windsor, to the foot of the mountain, halted there till the quartermaster delivered to each man his baggage, and then they climbed the mountain, each on his own hook. The summit reached, the view therefrom well paid for the labor of the a.scent. Mount Ascutney is 3,320 feet high, and from its top the vinv is very extensive and very beautiful. The night was spent tolerably in the summit house. We rose early on June 22, de.scended the mountain, made a short halt at the base, then formed the company and marched back to Windsor \illage. The whole distance from the summit to the village is six miles; the cadets were less than one hour and a half marching this, exclusive of the rest at the foot of the mountain. The cadets returned to "N. U." on the afternoon train, June 22. The rations served out during the excursion were obtained by the quartermaster from Mr. Simond.s, of the Windsor House, and were much better than the usual soldier's fare. George A. Converse was the commanding officer of the excursion. Charles E. Steele, quartermaster; Henry E. Alvord, captain of the corps of cadets; J. B. Thompson and W. R. Hoyt, sergeants; John W. Parsons, officer of the day." The expenses at the University for the years 1847-54, were: tuition, $7 a quarter; room rent, $2.50 a quarter; incidentals SI. a quarter; board and washing SI. 75 a week; lights and 122 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. fuel 25 cents a week. In 1S54 the price of board and washing was increased to $2. a week. In 1855 the tuition was $9.34 a term, room rent, $3.34 a term; incidentals, $1.G7 a term; lights and fuel, 30 cents a week; board, not including washing, $2 to $2.25 a week. In 1856, the price of board ranged from $1.75 to $2.25 a week, and in 1859 it was increased to $2 and $2.25 a week. In 1861, there was an increase of the expenses; tuition was $14.50 a term; room rent $3.50 a term; board $2 to $2.50 a week; lights and fuel 30 cents a week. In 1864 the price of board was increased to $3.25 and $4 a week and lights and fuel to 50 cents a week. In 1865, the expenses were again in- creased; tuition was $20 a term; room rent $5 a term; lights and fuel 50 cents a week; board $3.25 to $4 a week. During 1847-62 there was a small charge for instruction in extra studies. Music and Fencing. In 1862, the charge for each modern language was $5 a term, and for drawing $4 a term. We give a description of the Old Barracks and Cadet Quarters, from the ])cn of Col. H. 0. Kent, '54: "The room on the right of the entrance, in front, was the hbrary, while those in the rear were the cabinet and Professor Averill's recitation room. Pro- fessor Jackman's room was on the second passage, immediately over the en- trance. The large recitation room was over this, and in it were read morning and evening prayers. The armory was the center front room of the fourth passage. Roll calls were had in the second passage, the right resting on the north. The rooms were practically alike; numerous chimneys provided each pair of adjoining rooms with fireplaces or later with opportunity for stoves, and the space between chimney, passage and outer wall being for closets, thus offered one unbroken side to each apartment. These rooms were all 'whitewashed' with a tint, known by the cadets as 'brindle.' There were no bedsteads, mattresses or carpets. A wooden bunk, three feet wide, with slat bottom, held the blankets and sheets and the recumbent cadet, and was turned up against the wall before morning inspection. Over the bunk was the gun rack, with wooden pegs on which were suspended the musket and equipment." The cadets were required to furnish their own rooms. For some years during this period a "commons" was conducted by the University but the cadets were not required to board there. During this period, athletic sports began to gain prominence in the college life. In 1860, the baseball club had a membership of twenty. Nicholas Tanco was president, C. B. Stoughton, vice-president; W. A. Phillips, treasurer and Josiah Hall, secretary. The officers for 1861 were Charles F. Tillinghast, president; Charles E. Steele, vice-president; R. L. Moses, secretary; Edward T. ATHLETICS CLUBS. 123 Jones, treasurer; Charles H. Atwood, Albert Sabine and J. E. Pillsbury, directors. The club numbered this year, twenty- seven members. In 18G4, the club was known as the United Base Ball Club, with a membership of forty-two. The officers were Thomas J. Lasier, president; Ralph Metcalf, vice-president; F. T. Bottomly, secretary and treasurer ;^William F.[Ladd, umpire. A Parade Foot Ball 'Club wasj organized September 29, 1860, with a membership of thirty-six. The officers this year were Charles A. Curtis, president; Edward T. Jones, secretary; T. H. Kellogg, treasurer; C. B. Stoughton, J. B. Thompson and J. W. Parsons, directors. In 18G4, the corps supported a cricket club of twenty members. The officers were Edward D. Adams, president; John C. Boyd, vice-president; Edouard Chamier, secretary and Clayton E. Rich, treasurer. The Amethyteton Society was organized by the cadets in 1847, to raise money to pay for the painting of a portrait of President Truman B. Ransom. Several entertainments were given by the society for the purpose. Jesse A. Gove served as presi- dent and Charles Ensworth as treasurer. A Mr. Darling, a Ver- mont artist, was secured to paint the portrait and on its comple- tion it was given by the cadets to the University trustees. hi 1866, the portrait was rescued from the flames that de- stroyed the "Old South Barracks," by Frederick E. Ransom, son of Gen. T. B. Ransom, '25, then a cadet, assisted by several mem- bers of the Corp. For a number of years it was stored in a chamber in Norwich, and later it was given by some one in Norwich to the State of Vermont; about 1888 the State returned the portrait to "N. U.," its rightful owner. It stood for a number of years in the chapel in Dodge Hall, and is now placed in a room in the Carnegie Library. In 1852, the University Regulators was organized to correct certain wrongs tolerated by the University authorities. The society continued in existence until 1854. A full history of the society is given in Chapter X. In 1852, the original Friendship Club was organized for social purposes. Each succeeding year clubs were formed until about 1857. Those clubs were pledged to meet on Norwich Plain in 1860. A full account of these clubs is given in Chapter X. The Philomathic Association existed for a short time in the fifties. The Parthenon Society was organized about 1859, for literary purposes, and continued in existence until 1862, when it 124 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. was superceded by the Athenian and Platonian societies. These societies were powerful factors for good in the institution. Their meetings were held weekly, and many brilliant debates marked their proceedings. Occasionally joint debates between the two varied the exercises. Two dX Fraternities, and the AITI, born so near together that it has been a disputed question which was the older, afforded vehicles for running the college poHtics, and handsome badges to be worn on the breast of the dress coats. The first is the older in organization, but the latter was the first to occupy a furnished hall, use a fraternal ritual, and raise a first-class bucking goat. A complete history of the " frats" given in Chapter X. Fraternal rivalries were never bitter during this period. Room-mates were frequently members of different "frats" and formed firm and last- ing friendship. The IIKA Freshman Fraternity was formed about 1858, and continued in existence until 1866. The cadets attended chapel service each morning, and were also required to attend church. So far as known the first publication to be issued by the cadets was the University Regulator, in 1853. The paper was issued at irregular intervals by the ''University Regulators," mentioned above, and suspended about 1856. The University Owl was published by the cadets during 1854-56. Its purpose was similar to the Regulator — the correction of certain wrongs tolerated by the authorities. In 1861, the corps joined the association of colleges in the publication of the University Quarterly. The editors, on the part of the cadets, were Charles A. Curtis, '61, Edward T. Jones, '62, and H. E. Alvord, '63. The editors for 1862 were Theodore H. Kellogg, '62, Thomas J. Easier, '64, and W. H. Chaffin, '64. The publication of this magazine was suspended in 1862. A chess club was formed in 1859. The officers in 1860, were S. W. Shattuck, president; Sumner T. Smith, vice-president and Nathaniel Irish, secretary. In 1861, T. H. Kellogg, president; L. D. Allen, vice-president; H. E. Alvord, secretary and treasurer. In 1862, T. H. Kellogg, president; R. C. Lord, vice-president and H. E. Alvord, secretary and treasurer. In 1863 and 1864, R. Met- calf, president and R. C. Lord, secretary and treasurer. According to the Reveille ^oi\SW,W\e corps supported a "Navy," which consisted of the sloop Flying Cloud, C. B. Stoughton, commander. The boat was twenty-two feet long, five FEUDS WITH DARTMOUTH. 125 feet wide and had a draught of two feet. It carried a main sail and jib. When the "Navy "was organized the records do not show. It continued in existence until 1863. Several minor clubs were organized among the cadets, as the "A. A. 0. P. B./' Charles A. Curtis, president; "Cormorants," "Our Mess," "Noblesse," "Lei Trigone" and the "Pi Tau Pi," but their life was of short duration. During this period a band was maintained most of the time. In 1860, the members were S. T. Smith, E. C. Saltmarsh, E. A. Chandler, E. F. Pierce and J. C. Cocroft. In 1862, a Glee Club was organized with a membership of nine. The officers were George A. Bailey, president, W. S. Vernam, vice-president, Douglass Lee, secretary, W. S. Goodwin, treasurer, George A. Folsom, director. In 1864, the officers were M. B. Stebbins, leader, W. S. Smith, secretary, C. M. Reed, treasurer and H. P. Davidson, prompter. The history of this period would not be complete without the mention of the warfare between "N. U." and Dartmouth. The banks of the placid Connecticut were the scene of many encoun- ters. The possession of the covered bridge across the river was especially contended for. Many accounts of the periodic "scraps" have been preserved. Hon. Bela S. Buell, '55, gives the following account of a "scrap" which occurred at the end of the Summer term of 1854: "We were attending chapel one evening, toward the close of the Summer term of 1854, when a cadet rushed in with the exciting news that some of the boys were being stoned and insulted by the Dartmouth students on the river. All was excitement! We rushed from the chapel en masse without leave or license from President Bourns or General Jackman and sprinted for the scene of the conflict. The corps at this time only numbered about twenty men, as several had taken their examinations and had gone home. We reached Hanover about 9 p. m., 'with blood in our eyes' ready to avenge the insult. We secured a commanding position on a platform in front of one of the largest stores. We were soon surrounded by the 'Darties' who tried to rush us from our position. For a time we repelled the advance of the enemy, but at last, being overwhelmed by superior numbers, we were driven from our position; but not without loss on the part of the enemy. The valiant leader of the Dart- mouth band got within striking distance of Tom Pickering, who promptly knocked him down and out with a well directed blow from a club he had under his coat. The enemy, from roofs and upper floors, from across the street, pelted us with eggs— fortunately good ones. Many of our force had their coats ripped up the back to the collar. The Dartmouth faculty soon appeared on the scene, and succeeded, with some difficulty, in getting between us and 126 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. their warriors. Ttiey served as a guard to the river. Here our retreat was cut off. The enemy had cut the rope that fastened our boat to the bank, causing it to float down the river. Through the assistance of some of the Norwich town boys we secured another boat and reached the parade about 12 o'clock. We were a sorry looking lot of warriors. Some of our force were seriously wounded by kicks; we met the enemy and they failed to be ours; yet we returned to Norwich feeling we had tried our best to avenge the in- dignities given our men. It certainly showed a lot of gall on our part to invade the enemy's stronghold, with a party of twenty men, and undertake to whip a force of over 200 men. Trexy' and 'Old Jack' sustained us, and we re- ceived no reprimand for breaking the Rules and Regulations. "The most famous encounter was the battle of 'Torn Coats,' which oc- curred in 1859. One of the cadets, venturing over to Hanover alone, was seized by the belicose 'Darties' who ripped his dress coat up the back. The next day the corps were marched to Hanover and after a severe fight a large number of the Dartmouth men received the same treatment they accorded the cadet the day before. A full account of this battle is given in Rev. Homer White's novel, 'The Norwich Cadets.' " Gen. J. J. Estey, '64, contributed the following reminiscence: "I remember very distinctly that in the Spring of 1862, two of our cadets were insulted, or thought they were, by some of the Dartmouth students across the river, and one of our men. Bill Hayes, gave one of the Dartmouth men a tremendous threshing, and it was rumored at Norwich that the Dart- mouth students had threatened to come over in force and clean us out. I happened to be Officer of the Day, and Tutor Shattuck was in command of tlie South Barracks. He immediately gave orders that guards should be posted at each of the first four doors of the first passage, and that the regular guard duty should be performed during the night. I remember that the coun- tersign was "Dartmouth." I did not sleep at all that night, and I think it was the most anxious one I had ever passed up to that time, as I expected at any moment, certainly up to midnight, to be notified of the approach of the 'Darties.' The men on post declared afterward that I inspected guard every fifteen minutes during the entire night, but day dawned without any at- tack. For some time after that we were very cautious how we went to Han- over, except in good-sized groups." This was the last contention between the students of "N. U." and Dartmouth. A unity of feeling was engendered by the Civil War. The students of Dartmouth, a classical college, could not understand why men should waste their time in useless drill and sport a uniform. The great strife showed them that the educa- tion obtained at Norwich was practical and prepared the cadets for immediate service as officers. The Dartmouth men manfully acknowledged the great work of the University. At a joint meet- ing held in Hanover, one of the students of that institution stated in a speech: "We must acknowledge that you are not only our equals in classic and scientific attainments, but our superiors in REMIXISCEXCES. 127 this, that you can buckle on the sword and lead men in this con- flict, while we must shoulder the musket." Thomas J. Lasier, '64, in a letter written in July, 1910, to the compiler of this history, in which he gave much data on the organization of the societies and clubs at the University, states in regard to atldetics: "The most exciting athletic exercise was the usual annual fracas between 'N. U.' and Dartmouth. The point of assembling being the bridge over the Connecticut River between Norwich and Hanover. Not infrequently dear old GeneralJackman headed the cadets and marched us direct to Hanover Village prepared for any emergency. The 'N. U.' boys were always equal to the occasion and though their powerful rivals mustered more men, our military discipline enabled us to always prove the victors, and drive our opponents into their quarters. Nothing exercised the Norwich boys so much as to have one of the lunnber, when alone, cornered in Hanover and his buttons torn or cut off by a crowd of Dartmouth students. It was on such occasions that our old commander would take us to the enemy's stronghold and receive the satisfaction we demanded. The writer recalls one event where we marched to the residence of the Dartmouth president, submitted our grievance and demanded reparation. Suffice it to say that we got what we went for." Many reminiscences concerning the strife between "town and gown" have been preserved. William H. Hubbard, '52, furnished the following reminiscence in 1897: "President Bourns was a clergj^man and preached over in Hanover on Sunday afternoons; withal he was painfully absent minded. It used to be told of him that, upon a certain occasion he went into church with out his sermon. Early discovering his dilemma, he called up a boy and charged him with the duty of hurrying to the home at which he Avas entertained, and bringing the important document. The ser\nice went on; the prayers were said; but still the small boy came not. Finally, after the delay had become painful to the congregation and ago lizing to the perspiring preacher, the youth came puffing in. Eagerly grasjnng the manu.script, he unrolled it and annovmced his text, which happened to be these most appropriate words: 'Ye did run well; who did hinder you? Numberless pranks disturl>ed the equanimity of the faculty. The effervescent spirits of the boys were constantly inventing surj)rises that were distracting to the.se conservators of discipline. The chui-ch bell that hung .so temptinglj- near enjoyed but little peace. A string tied to its tongue, with the other end anchored at a fourth story window, always en- abled us to make night hideous with small danger of detection: it was so easy to throw the ball out the window and jump into l)ed at the first sound of approaching footsteps. ' ' Col. Henry O. Kent, '54, wrote in 1897; "Commencement had been holden in the Congregational church, but in lS.5;i difficulties l)etween Town and Gown culminated. The faculty were of the Episcopal faith in an orthodox connnunity, and the church was refused us. 128 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. Old cadets will recall the delightful dell in the woods in the rear, just back of the first crest. Here the platform was erected, draped with flags, and flanked by the two shining cannon that year allotted to us, and drawn from the station as is still told, by the squads with bri coles. A more pleasant commencement was never holden than that one. A spirit of reprisal was engendered among the cadets, evidenced by Frary's old white horse found by the sexton one Sun- day morning in the main aisle of the church; by the village bier chained to the elm in front of Benjamin Burton's, ■with the deacon's effigy suspended above, and kindred pranks. A truce was called. Amity succeeded, and thereafter the church was at the disposal of the University." "Over the front door, and between the centre window and that next to the south, were the cabalistic letters, scrawled in chalk, but somehow always kept fresh, however often they were erased, B. E. D. & E. M. the first letter having at first been 'P,' then 'R' and finally, in our day, 'B,' and was understood by the initiated to mean; *Bourne (Partridge, Ransom) Expels Devils and Educates Men;' although the cynics sometimes reversed the translations so to provide for the 'education of devils, and the expulsion of men.' " The commencement of 1849 was held August 16. The fol- io whig programme was given: Address before the trustees by the Rev. James Davie Butler; Oration, "The Influence of Literature on Society," Clinton S. Averill; Dissertation, "The Connection of Poetry with the Spirit of the Age," J. M. Clark; Dissertation, " Demagogism, " Charles F. Kingsbury; Dissertation, "True System of Republican Education," R. S. Little; Oration, "Love the Moving Principle of Progression," S. H. McCollister; Disser- tation, "Solitude," C. J. F. Stone; Oration, "Mental Advance- ment," WilUam Partridge; Oration, "Eulogy on Patrick Tracy Jackson," J. P. Cxould. In 1850, the exercises were held August 22. The commence- ment address was delivered by the Rev. Cyrus H. Fay, '37, his subject being "Principles better than Policy;" the following orations were delivered : " The Dissemination of Scientific Knowl- edge," F. M. Lincoln; "Results of Originality," J. P. Towne; "The Dignity of Labor," Wilham S. Saben; Latin oration, "Im- perii Romani Casus," L. W. Pierce; "An Allegory," Obed Foss; "Wealth and Poverty," Royal L. Burge; Eulogy, "Robert De La Salle," William D. Earle; " The Influence of Rank upon Example,' ' WilHam H. Blackburn; "The Life and Times of Louis XVI," F. W. Russell; ''The Past and Present," H. H. Gillum. COMMENCEMENTS. 129 In 1852, commencement came August 19. The Rev. John H. Hopkins of New York delivered the commencement address. The Hon. Daniel P. Thompson of Montpelicr delivered an address before the Philomathic Association and an address was also delivered by the Rev. Henry N. Hudson of Boston. The following orations were given by the cadets : " Liberal Principles/ ' Harvey W. Emery; "Improvement of the Mind, the Primary Object of Study/' Charles Y. Denniston; "Westward, the Star of Empire Takes its Way," William H. Greenwood; "Hungary/' Henry H. Howard; " Genius and Perseverance as Exhibited in the Student," William H. Hubbard; "Man Not a Progressive Being," Oscar H. Leland; "Moral Culture/' S. Curtis Simonds; "The Responsi- bilities of Educated Man,' ' John P. Towne. The commencement of 1853 was held August 11. Rev. Alonzo Ames Miner, '33, delivered an address before the Philomathic Association, and Rev. A. C. Coxe of New Haven, Conn., gave the commencement address. The following orations were delivered: "The Inherent Right of Man to Liberty," James E. Ainsworth; "Incitements to Mental Exertion," Thomas Gorman; "Genius," Egbert Phelps; "The American Militia System," Henry O. Kent; "Romance of French History," Henry 0. Herrick; "Dignity of Labor,' ' W^illiam S. Burton. In 1854, the commencement exercises were held Thursday morning, August 10. The orations were as follows: "The Practical Scholar," Zephaniah Piatt; "Americans wholly Ameri- can," Jonas H. Piatt; "Execution of Charles I.," W^illiam H. Ensign;" Education of the Masses," Thomas S. Brownell; "Par- tyism," Oscar E. Learnard; "True National Glory," Henry O. Kent. In the afternoon Rev. Frederick W. Shelton of Mont- pelier delivered the commencement address and William Stark. Esq., of Nashua, N. H., read an original poem before the Philo- mathic Association. In 1855, the exercises began on Wednesday, August 8. Bond's cornet band of Boston gave a concert in the evening, after which a Battalion drill was given by torch light. On Thursday, August 9, at 9:30 a. m. the graduating exercises were given in the Congregational church. The orations were as follows : " The Edu- cated Farmer/' Charles H. Long; "Moderation — True Wisdom," Samuel E. Briggs; " Political Necessity of War,' ' Charles H. Lewis; "Natural Philosophy,'^ W. H. C. Strong; "National Pride," Brownell Granger; " The Mormons,' ' Arthur Chase; " The Rise and Fall of Nations," Bela S. Buel; "The Problems of Life or the Ideal 130 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. and the Real," William S. Burton; "The Review," an original poem, Delano F. Andruss. In the afternoon Samuel Elliott of Boston delivered the commencement address, " Education — Past and Present"; Rev. Orlando D. Miller, '45 of North Adams, Mass., delivered an address before the Philomathic Association. After this address President Bourns conferred the diplomas. In the evening the president's reception took place; Bond's cornet liand furnished the music. In 1856, the commencement was held August 21. The corps was paraded in front of the South Barracks and, headed by Hall's celebrated cornet band, was marched to the Congregational church, where the exercises were held. Orations were delivered as follows : " The American's Privileges and Duties,' ' Frederick N. Freeman; "Manifest Destiny," Lorenzo Potter; "The Atheist," George P. Buel; " Education,' ' Frederick H. Farrar; " Don Quixote: the Ancient and Modern," Arthur Chase; "The True Success of Natural Strenght," A. E. Smith; "Geology and the Bible," W. E. Strong. Rev. Dr. Haight of New York delivered the commence- ment address at 3 p. m. After the address Infantry, Artillery and Fencing drills were given. In the evening a reception was given by the president. The commencement of 1859 was held August 18. In the fore- noon orations were delivered as follows : " Phj'sical Education : its Influence upon Society at Large," Cyrus M. Merriman; " Mili- tar}^ Education,' ' John B. Lawrence; " The Perfect Ability of Man,' C. T. Walcott; " Reminiscences of School Life," Charles A. Curtis; " Improvement in the Art and Weapons of War,' ' Robert E. Hitch- cock; "Ancient and Modern Art," Edgar Parker; "William, Prince of Orange," Joseph Stedman. In the afternoon Rev. J. H. Fames of Concord, N. H. delivered the address : " The Truly Educated Man." John G. Saxe, the distinguished Vermont poet, read his poem, "The Press." Mr. W. K. Strong of New York city delivered an able address. The commencement exercises in 1860 were held August 15-16. On Wednesday afternoon, August 15, the cadets gave an exhibition " Zouave Drill,' ' skirmish and bayonet drills. A concert was given in the evening by the famous Gilmore's Band of Boston; after the concert a torch light drill was given. The graduating exercises were held Thursday, morning August 16. General L. S. Partridge, the University Marshal, formed the corps of cadets and visitors in line at the University and then marched the procession to the COMMENX'EMENTS. 131 Congregational church where the following program was given: Oration, "Crusaders," Charles Morton; Oration, "Division of Labor," George W. Field; Oration, "Hugh Miller," Sumner T. Smith; an original poem, Charles A. Curtis; Oration, "Military Education,' ' Gustavus M. Bascom; Oration, " Washington Irving,' ' Samuel W. Shattuck; Oration for the Master's Degree, "True Liberty; Freedom Subject to Law and Reason," Arthur Chase, LL. D. In the afternoon Rev. George M. Randall, D. D., of Boston delivered an able address, "True Education"; and Egbert Phelps, '56. read an original poem before the United Literary Society. After the exercises the corps gave an artillery drill. In the evening a reception was given to President Bourns. After the reception the alumni banquet was served at the Union House. At this commencement occurred the first meeting of the Friendship Clubs. A general alumni association was formed. A full history of this association is given in Chapter X. !Many distinguished guests were present; among the number were Right Rev. C. Chase, D. D. of New Hampshire; Horace Webster, LL. D., Presi- dent of the New York Free Academy; Rev. Dr. Clark of Phila- delphia; Rev. Dr. Mansur of Bennington; Dr. J. Y. Dewey of Montpelier. In 1861, the commencement exercises were omitted, as the graduating class and many of the upper class men had left the University to enter the service. In 1862, commencement was held August 13 and 14, but we are unable to give the programme. The commencement of 1863 was held on August 13 and 14. On W^ednesday morning, August 13th, infantry drills were given. In the afternoon Rev. James Davie Butler of Madison, Wis. delivered an address; then an artillery drill was given. The Boston Brigade Band gave a concert in the evening followed by a torch light drill. On Thursday morning, the graduating exer- cises were held. Orations were delivered as follows: "Great Days," Charles H. Atwood; "Military Education," Curtis S. Barrett; "Mistakes," William S. Dewey; "Comparative Im- portance of Mathematics and the Classics in a Liberal Educa- tion," William Haven; "The Best Government," Rufus L. Moses; "Liberty and Equality in America," Charles E. Steele; "The Democratic Tendency in Governments," George A. Bailey; "Pluck and Grit," Rody Patterson, Jr.; "Intolerance," Clayton E. Rich. An oration was delivered by George W. Bungay of New York city. In the afternoon the Rev. Francis Vinton, D. D., of Trinity Church, New York, delivered the address before the 132 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. trustees. Mr. William Winter of New York city read an original poem. After the exercises an infantry drill was given. In 1864, the commencement exercises extended from August 14, to August 18. On Sunday, the 14th, President Bourns delivered the Baccalaureate sermon. On Wednesday morning, August 17, a battalion drill was given. In the afternoon Professor E. D. Sanborn, LL. D. of Hanover, N. H., delivered an oration; then an artillery drill was given. In the evening the Boston Brigade Band gave a concert, and after the concert a torch light drill was given. On Thursday morning, the following ora- tions were delivered : " Per Umbras ad Astra,' ' T. J. Lasier ; " The Dignity of the Law,' ' Ralph Metcalf ; " The Destiny of Republics/ ' Warren F. Bascom; "New Laws for Hercules," Charles F. Thorn- dike; "The Effects of War," Charles D. Gregory; "The Militia the Safeguard of the State," Charles N. Kent. In the afternoon Rev. F. D. Huntington, D. D., of Boston, delivered an oration before the trustees. Mr. Park Benjamin of New York city read an original poem; music was furnished by the Boston Brigade Band. After the exercises, battalion and skirmish drills were given. The graduating class this year numbered 16. Of this number nine were serving in the army. In 1865, the exercises extended from August 6 to 11. Presi- dent Bourns delivered the Baccalaureate sermon on Sunday. On Tuesday evening, prize speaking by the junior and sophomore classes was held. On Wednesday morning, a battalion drill was given, and at 3 p. m., an oration was delivered by Frederick B. Perkins of the New York Independent. Then a prize drill in artillery by squads Nos. 1. and 2. was given. A concert was given at 8 p. m. by the Boston Brigade Band, followed by a torch light drill. At 8:30 a. m., Thursday, August 11, an artillery drill in the school of the piece was given. The graduating exer- cises began at 10 a. m. in the Congregational church. Orations were delivered as follows : " The Necessity of IMilitary Education," John C. Bo3?-d; "Experience,", JosepirS. Richards; "Value of Do- mestic Manufactures,' ' Charles Henry Smart; " The National Debt, Oscar B. Child; "Claims of Our Times," Frank T. Bottomly; "Revolutions," William W. Howard; "Whatever is, is Right," Harry A. Howard; "Providence in American Histor}^," with the Valedictory address, John J. Dewey. At 2:30 p. m. Hon. Caleb Lyon, LL. D. '39, governor of Idaho, delivered an oration before the trustees; an original poem, "The Sirens," was read by Rev. F. W. Shelton of Montpelier. After the exercises skirmish COMMENCEMENTS — "n. U. " EDUCATIONAL CONVENTION. 133 and battalion drills were given. In the evening the alumni held a reunion. In 1866, the exercises were held during July 29-August 2. On Sunday morning, July 29, President Bourns delivered the Baccalaureate sermon. On Wednesday afternoon, August 1, the annual meeting of the Association of Alumni and Past Cadets was held ; and in the evening a concert was given by the Boston Bri- gade Band, followed by a torch light drill. On Thursday morning, prize drills were given by the artillery and infantry. The com- mencement exercises began at 10:30 a. m. The following orations were given: "Hints," Reuel Small; "The Physician's Mission," Wilham C. H. Needham; " Winfield Scott," James A. L. Whittier; "The Necessity of Union," with the Valedictory address, Charles H. Reed. At 2:30 p. m., Hon. Daniel Needham of Boston, Mass., delivered an oration before the trustees. Capt. Charles A. Curtis, U. S. A., '61, read an original poem. After the exercises, infantry and artillery drills were given, followed by sword and bayonet fencing. During this period several attempts were made by the trustees of the University to re-locate the Institution in a more favorable locality. In 1851, Captain Partridge issued a call for a convention of his former cadets to be held in Norwich, August 13 and 14, for establishing "The Literary, Scientific and MiHtary system of education on a permanent basis in the United States." The meeting was called to order at 9 a. m., August 13 by Captain Partridge. The following officers Tyro tern were elected: president, Joseph C. Wright, '42; vice-presidents, Samuel H. Holly and Horace Webster; secretaries, Samuel N. Fifield, '51, and F. B. Dutton. A committee consisting of Hon. Caleb Lyon, '39, General A. Diller, WilHam Goodrich, Joseph C. Wright, '42, Captain Partridge, OHver Hastings, Frederick Brewer, '28, Calvin P. Newton, '28, and Joseph C. IMorrill were appointed to present business for the convention. The convention then adjourned. At 2 p. M., the convention assembled and the above com- mittee presented the following resolutions: "Whereas, in every age of the world, and amongst all those nations which have attained the highest degree of eminence in the arts, sciences, literature, and arms, the education of youth has been considered an object of the greatest importance, and whereas, in every 'free country where the Institutions and government depend entirely on the intelligence and virtue of the people for their support, and whereas, by the Constitution of the United 134 NORWICH FNIYERSITY. States, everj' American citizen is required to act in a double capacity: viz, in the capacity of a citizen and soldier; therefore. Resolved: That the system of education adopteil for the youth of the United States should prepare them equally well for the correct discharge of their duties at the ballot box. in the halls of legislation, in the coiu-ts of justice, and on the field of battle, whether in the ranks, or at the head of our armies. Resolved: Therefore, that in order to prepare the youth of the United States for the correct discharge of the duties that may devolve upon them in after life, they should be correctly and thoroughly instructed in the science of government generally, in the knowledge of the Constitution of the United States, with all its proWsions, guaranties, and compromises: in a correct knowledge of the true character of our Republican Institutions, and of the best means of presersing them in their primeval simplicity and purity, and also in the several departments of Militarj- Science, both theoretical and practical. Resolved: That, as the education of a large portion of the American youth constitutes the capital with which they must enter on the grand theatre of life, it should embrace all those branches of practical, useful knowledge that viiH enable them, when combined with industry- and integrity, to make thei way independently and usefully through the world. That, in such a course of education. Political Economy. Agricultiu-e. the Mechanic Arts. Mental and Mon»l Science, Geography. Physical Philosophy and Astronomy, the use of the Barometer in calculating the altitudes of mountains, sound Litera- ture, Laws of Nations, Mathematics, with their application to Surveying, Navigation, Civil and Military Engineering, and to the several departments of Physical Science, should occupy a conspicuous station. Resolved: That love of country, a sacred regard for the Constitution of the United States, and for the L'nionof these States on strictly constitutional principles, obeilience to the laws, etc., should be earnestly inculcated and adopted as cardinal principles in the education of American youth. Resolved: That everj-thing of a sectarian character, both in reUgion and politics, should be utterly excluded from all the institutions for the education of our youth, but that the great principles of natural and revealed religion which tend to promote peace and harmony in society, and to make mankind in every respect practically better, should be urgently inculcated. Resolved: That this convention, believing that education is more powerful than the lever of Archimedes to sustain or crush the Civil and Political In- stitutions of oiu" coimtry, according as it is in accordance with or in opposition to the principles of such institutions, and also that a system of education based on the principles contained in the foregoing resolutions would be in harmonious accordance with oiu- Republican Institutions, deem it of vital importance to the permanency of those Institutions, that said system be permanently estab- lished in the United States. Resolved: That for the purpose of accomplishing this important object, this convention deems it necessary that there be established at some suitable location and properly endowed, one principal Institution of an elevated charac- ter, and such a niunber of preparatory- ones at suitable locations, as circum- stances will permit. Resolved: That for the purpose of raising the necessary funds for carrving into practical effect the foregoing plan, all those who have been educated at the A. L. S. »fc M. Academv at Norwich and Middletown. and also those EDUCATIOXAL COXVEXTIOXS. 135 who have subsequently been educated at Norwich, Buffalo, Portsmouth, Va., Bristol, Harrisburg and Reading, Pa., and Pembroke, N. H., in fine, all those who have worn the bullet button, be urgently requested to contribute of their means to aid the accomplishment of this important object. Resolved: That the patriotic citizen sohliery of the United States, the Sword and Buckler of the Republic to repel foreign invasion in times of war, and the right arm of the civil authority to sustain the laws in peace and war, be respectfully requested to contribute both their means and influence to this important object. It will constitute the most certain means of replenishing their ranks with scientific and well-instructed recruits. Resolved: That all who are friendly to a liberal, practically useful, and truly American system of education, be respectfully requested to contribute their aid to the accomplishment of the foregoing object."' The resolution.s were adopted and a committee of five, con- sisting of Captain Partridge, chairman; Benjamin B. Newton, Edward M. Brown, '44, Calvin P. Xewton, '23, Friend P. Fletcher, '39, was appointed to secure a location for the new Institution. Captain Partridge was appointed agent to secure funds for the school. The convention met at 8 a. m., August 14. A corresponding committee was appointed which consisted of the following men: Captain Partridge, Edward M. Brown, "44, Calvin P. Newton, '23, Gen. James McKay, "27. Col. John Winn, '41, Gen. W. W. H. Davis, '42, Gen. E. A. Phelps, "28, Hon. Henry W. Cushman, '25, Washington J. Bennett, '28, Hon. WiUiam L. Lee, '42, Winfield S. Sherwood. '37, Jabez C. Crooker, '43, Edwin F. Johnson, '25, Hon. Valentine B. Horton, '25 and Daniel H. Duston, '41. The following resolutions were adopted: "Resolved: That the general agent appointed by this Convention, at its session on the 13th of August, 1851, for obtaining funds for the establishment of a Literarj-, Scientific and Militarj- Institute be allowed ten percent on all the funds he shall obtain and deposit in the hands of such agent, or treasurer, as this Convention appoints to receive the same at the meeting. September 3, 1852. Resolved: That this Convention, composed as well of those who have witnessed the results of Capt. Alden Partridge's system of education, as of those who have had the advantage of his instruction, are satisfied from their own experiences and observation, that Captain Partridge's plan of education, which he was the first to originate and to carrj^ into practical operation, is the only true American system, and one best calculated to train youth into intelligent, scientific, brave, energetic and upright citizens, and industrious and moral men. Resolved: That Captain Partridge's system of education, combining as it does, thorough phj'sical training with moral and mental culture, is the only one on which the people can rely to make their posterity truly guardians of our liberties, and to perpetuate our free institutions. 136 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. Resolved: That the gratitude of the country is due to Captain Partridge for his untiring exertions in behalf of the great interests of education, and for the influence of his instructions, in the formation of a truly National spirit and character. Resolved: That we, his old pupils, hereby tender to Capt. Alden Partridge, our sincerest and most hearty thanks for the benefits of the instruction and discipline which we received from him, and of which we become more and more sensible as our years pass away." A committee consisting of General Diller, William Good- rich, '26, and James S. Wallace, '23, was appointed to act on the following resolutions : "Resolved: That this Convention has learned with great satisfaction, that a Literary, Scientific and Military Institute, is now established at Read- ing, Pa. That we feel a strong interest in the welfare and success of that Institution, and respectfully recommend to the people of Reading and Penn- sylvania to take measures to put the same on a permanent basis. That a committee be appointed to confer with the friends of the establishment at Reading, with a view to the best interests of that Institution." The association then formed a permanent organization con- sisting of the following officers: Captain Partridge, president; John S. Wallace, secretary; Benjamin B. Newton, treasurer. The association then adjourned to meet in Middletown, Conn., on September 3, 1852. Captain Partridge issued the following circular in regard to the new Institution: "Parents and guardians, desirous of entering their sons and wards at an advanced standing under this system of education, are requested to send them if possible, to one of the following institutions, where they will be well prepared to enter at such advanced standing, viz: To the New Hampshire Military Institute, at Lebanon, N. H., six miles from Norwich; to the Virginia Colleg- iate Institute at Portsmouth, Va., or to the Pennsylvaina Military Institute at Reading, Pa. "The Principal Institution will probably be located at Norwich, Vt., or Lebanon, N. H., until a permanent location shall be decided upon, and opened in the Spring under my personal superintendence and instruction, assisted by able teachers who have been educated under my system. In this Institu- tion students will receive a full course of education that will prepare them equally well for any of the learned professions; for civil and military engineers, for active business life, and for public stations whether civil or military. Signed, A. PARTRIDGE." Norwich, Vt., September 1851. The convention met in Middletown, Conn., in September, 1852, and was well attended by the former cadets of the old "A. L. S. & M. Academy" and "N. U.," and efforts were continued STATE AID. 137 for founding a new Institution. The soliciting committee met with very little encouragement and in 1854 the meetings were discontinued. At a meeting of the board of trustees of the University, August 4, 1853, it was voted to remove the Institution to some town east of the Green Mountains in Vermont, provided the town would raise ten thousand dollars for the needs of the Institution. The citizens of Montpelier at once took action in the matter and raised the necessary amount. The citizens of Norwich had taken very little interest in aiding the University, and when it became known that Montpelier was likely to secure the location of the Institution, became aroused. A protest was presented by them, to the board of trustees and the state legislature. At a meeting of the trustees, November 3, 1853, the needs of the Institution were thoroughly discussed. The citizens of Norwich promised the board substantial aid and after much deliberation it was voted to remain in Norwich. The State of Vermont gave the Institution a liberal donation from an unappropriated school fund, and several friends also made liberal subscriptions. The University by this timely aid was saved from ruin. Several vexatious law suits were settled, the debt on the buildings was paid, and many improve- ments were made. The University continued in a fairly prosperous condition until 1861, when, on the breaking out of the Civil War, the attendance was largely increased, thus giving more funds for the maintenance of the Institution. During this period the University received the support of the Episcopal church, but the cadets who belonged to other denomi- nations were treated with scrupulous impartiality. Within the year 1860, began events which foreshadowed war. With the threats of secession from the South, the "N. U." cadet began to realize that his training at the University might be of service to the country; that the hours spent in drill and the study of tactics were not spent in vain. As time sped on and the clamor of war grew louder, the excitement increased at the University; the discussions on the war could not be kept out of the class room. Every class opened and closed its sessions with discussions on this momentous topic; the drills were executed with new vigor and much extra time was spent in the study of tactics and strategy. The cadets became members of the Lincoln, Douglass, Brecken- ridge and Bell Clubs. The* Dartmouth students across the Con- necticut began to realize that the military institution in Norwich stood for more than a show of brass buttons, and that the time 138 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. might not be for distant when they would be glad to serve under a Norwich man. The feud between the two institutions was dropped and the students of Dartmouth and Norwich were soon fraternizing in the various political clubs. They marched together in the torch light processions, given in honor of the presidential candi- dates, and delivered speeches from the same platform in various towns in the vicinity of Norwich and Hanover. On the breaking out of the hostilities in April, 1861, the ex- citement knew no bounds at the University. The cadets left in large numbers for the front. ]\Iany were appointed drill masters for the volunteers in Vermont, New Hampshire, Maine, Massa- chusetts and other states. They were also called on to drill and instruct the Dartmouth students. In April, 1862, Instructor Samuel W. Shattuck, '60, who was a sergeant-major in the Sixth Massachusetts Infantry, was ordered to join his regiment for service at Washington, D. C. He was escorted to White River Junction by the corps, which at that time numbered fifty-seven; of this number forty-five, within two years, served in the field with rank from lieutenant to colonel. A number of men came to the University during lS61-6.'>, for instruction in drill and tactics for periods from two weeks to several months. They were not regularly enrolled as cadets and no record, unfortunately, has been i)reserved of these men. The catalogue published in Novem- ber, 1861, states that sixty men, not cadets, pursued a course in tactics. By research, it has been found that several of these men gained distinction in the war. In June, 1862, the famous "College Cavaliers" (q. v.) was organized. We quote from the University records of August 12, 1862: "In the early part of the Summer term of this year, (1862), Governor Sprague of Rhode Island determined to raise some Cavalrj' Volunteers, three months men. He invited students especially to form one company. Above twenty of our cadets enlisted in this regiment and five others went away from us in sympathy, because their classes were in some measure broken up. This very much diminished our numbers, leaving us, however, seventy still present. This account of the formation of the "College Cavaliers" differs somewhat from the complete histor}^ which is given in Chapter IX. In October, 1864, the corps was called on for ser- vice at Newport, Vermont, during the St. Albans raid excite- ment. A full account of this service, also complete details as THE BURXIXO OF THE "OLD SOUTH BARRACKS." 139 far as known of the service of the alumni and past cadets in the various wars, is given in Chapter IX. On March 14, 1866, the Old South Barracks was l:)urned. We give the account of the fire from the pen of Mr. William R. Cutter, '68. " 'The Monitor (Concord, N. H.,) has received an account of the complete destruction by fire, last evening;, of the Norwich (Vt.) Military University. The libraries, paintings and furniture were mostly saved. Amount of insur- ance not ascertained. The fire was supposed to have caught from a de- fective chimney. It is feared that this calamity will prove a death blow to an honored institution, which has sent forth many brave men to battle for tha nation.' "Such was the notice which conveyed the news of our calamity to the people of the land. The expected death blow, however did not come. The perseverance inherent in militarj' training held both officers and men together and their po.sition today justifies their patience. The fire was supposed to have caught from a defective chim- ney which was in the fourth story near the rooms occupied by the classes in P'rench. A small number only of the rooms on this upper story were occu- pied by students. The third floor contained the larger number of cadets. A few students and one or two of the facult}^ roomed on the second, and a very few roomed on the lower floor, or first story, where was located the room called the library, containin;;; the paintings mentioned as among the things saved. The ordinary fire department of any of our present cities with its modern steamers, if such had existed in Norwich or its neighborhood, could have saved the property at the outset. Our dependence was the ordinary wooden water pail. As in all small communities, centered for social life largely among them.'^elves, there were at the time and afterwards in our Institution, men who spread rumors of an incriminating cause for the fire, dishonorable to certain of the members, which I am disposed to consider were ^^■ithout foundation. While I admit certain petty jealousies did exist on the part of a few, no one, I believe, was dishonest or base enough to wilfully burn or destroy a building so essential the well being of the majority. On the other hand, when the fire was discov- ered, everyone diligently tried to put it out. The evening was pleasant and there was melted snow water on the ground in front of the building through which I r..^member wading, not from choice, but from necessity. All was quiet in the rooms when the drum suddenly beat the assembly, and the entire corps were lined up quickly in the second passage. Tutor Kent was in com- mand. His first remark was: 'There is a fire in the fourth passage; bring out your pails.' The pail brigade began active work, the larger and stronger men being put to the fore, but the flames steadily gained, and very soon the fourth passage was abandoned in an attempt to .save the furniture in the three lower stories; and as the notice at the time implies, the libraries, paintings and fur- niture were mostly saved. The building itself was completely destroyed. The walls fell, and the chimneys one by one later. Guards of cadets were placed to keep back the crowd of citizens and Dartmouth men from too danger- ous approach of the falling pieces. We were outnumbered greatly by this crowd and, to the disgrace of certain Dartmouth young men, were hindered 140 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. more than helped by their proximity. Articles which we worked so hard to save, were, when opportunity offered, pillaged, and the smaller things pilfered. The conduct of the cadets as a corps should be commended for the manner in which they performed their duty on this very trying occasion. Confusion there was, of course, but very little conflict or disobedience of orders. There was not a single shirk or coward, and the experience of individuals, if it could now be had, would be a record of the hardest effort to save everything that could be saved. And this statement is sustained by the fact that the portable articles were mostly saved. By ten o'clock p. m. the fire was practically over and the tired cadets found sleeping places where they could. Mine was on the floor of my society lodge room in the North Barracks. There were others with me that night who slept on the floor and chairs of that room. I was then eighteen years old, and strong for my size. I had on my wet clothing, for the want of any other, but happily no ill consequence resulted. The lesson of this fire was two-fold: the want of an appropriate fire apparatus was evident; secondly, however much outsiders might have helped us in our misfortune, we found that in this emergency we had to depend entirely on ourselves; the light of the fire and the ringing of the Norwich church bell only called together a helpless and unfriendly and unsympathetic mob. Whatever one may say, welcome or unwelcome, the truth of history must be told. It was demon- strated to us that the surrounding country was filled with our enemies, who took this occasion to show their particular dislike to us. It was fortunate at that time that the offer of another place was made, and the Institution removed thither." The loss of tiie Old South Barracks was a terrible blow to the University and it soon became apparent that it would be an impossibility to rebuild in Norwich. Steps Avere at once taken to secure a new location. On April 16, 1866, the trustees held a meeting in White River Jmiction, which was well attended. Several gentlemen from Northfield appeared at this meeting and urged the location of the University in their town. Unfortunately, the names of these men have not been preserved, but in all prob- ability Dr. George Nichols, later Vice-President of the University, headed the delegation. A committee, consisting of Horace Web- ster, Dr. Julius Y. Dewey and Henry Blood, was appointed by the board to consider this proposition. The residents of North- field offered the site for the University and a suitable barracks. Northfield at this time was one of the most prosperous towns in the State, being the headquarters of the Central Vermont R. R., and the center of an extensive slate industry. Then, too, the town was especially well located, being in the geographical center of the state and easy of access to the students of the various sections of the state. After some discussion it was voted to locate in Northfield. Every graduate of the University and past cadet should feel grateful to the citizens of Northfield for coming to STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. 141 the rescue of their Ahna Mater. The people of Norwich were indififerent and in many cases hostile to the Universit}^ and if it had not been for the enterprise of the people of Northfield, the University, with her honorable record of many j^ears, would have ceased to exist. *• During 1862-66, the matter of changing the work at the University to conform to the requirements of the U. S. Government and State law for Agricultural education, was seriously discussed. In the later part of the sixties and especially after the Old South Barracks was burned, the meetings of the board were scenes of much excitement and even hard feelings, over this matter. One faction was for surrendering the charter and merging with the State University or for changing to an agricultural college; and the other portion held to continuing the Institution along the lines laid down by Captain Partridge and General Ransom. Happily the trustees who stood for the integrity of the Univer- sity prevailed. In the spring of 1866, the trustees voted to drop the matter of a change either in name or form of academic work. The alumni and past cadets of the present time should hold in great respect the trustees who bravely and loyally stood for continuing the University. It took moral courage of the highest order for these men to oppose the agricultural school faction. A change meant a great increase of revenues to the Institution, as it has been au- thoritatively stated that the agricultural college could have been secured by the University trustees. CHAPTER V. Norwich University, 1866-80. The Removal to Northfield — Location of Site — Land Deeded — The Erection of Jackman Hall — Paine Block Used for a Barracks — Cadets from Norwich — Laying of the Corner Stone — Opening of the University on the Hill — Administrations of Presidents Walker, Howard, Douglass, and Curtis — "Uncle Jim" Secured as Armorer — Perley Belknap Litigation — Death of Professor Bourns and General Jackman — Faculty — Attendance — Entrance Requirements — Courses of Study — Text Books — Library* — Preparatory' Department — Vaca- tions — Military Organization — Service Calls — Uniforms — Expenses — The Commons— Athletics — Fraternities — Clubs — The Reveille — Church Attendance. On August 1, 1866, the trustees of the University voted to remove to Northfield. At this meeting the committee of citizens from Northfield, consisting of Dr. George Nichols, Dr. P. D. Bradford, Rev. John 1^. Pitman and Perley Belknap, appeared and placed in writing their proposition for securing the location of the University. They agreed to furnish suitable grounds and a commodious barracks. On August 6, 1866, a committee, consisting of Prof. Edward Bourns, Capt. S. W. Shattuck, and Henry Blood, was appointed to dispose of the University property in Norwich, and later in this month the propert}^ was sold. In August, acting President Shattuck and General Jackman came to Northfield and consulted with the committee as to the selection of a location for the Uni- versity. Two sites were considered; one at the west end of Vine Street containing about ten acres of land, then owned by J. C. Cady and at the present time by J. C. Rice; and the other site, comprising eleven acres of land, was located at the south end of Central Street and owned by Josiah Lane, Oliver Averill and Joseph Bayer. The first meeting of the board of trustees in Northfield, was held at 3 p. m., October 18, 1866, at the president's rooms in the depot. At this meeting a locating committee , consisting of J. Y. Dewey, William Hebard, Victor Atwood, Edmund Weston, PURCHASE OF LAND. 143 and Capt. S. W. Shattuck, was appointed to choose the site for the University. After much deliberation the property at the south end of Central Street was decided upon. A building com- mittee, consisting of Perley Belknap, Capt. S. W. Shattuck, and J. H. Orcutt, was appointed at this meeting to purchase and prepare the grounds and to contract for material and labor for the erection of the new building. On November 1, 1866, Josiah Lane deeded the land now known as the Parade, comprising seven and one-half acres, to the Univer- sity. On November 7, 1866, Joseph Bayer and Oliver Averill also deeded to the University the land south of the Parade on the hill, comprising respectively one and six-tenths and one and eight-tenths acres. The grounds were surveyed in October 1866, by General Jackman, assisted by W. H. Wentworth, '68. General Jackman made the plans for the new barracks now known as Jackman Hall. The first building was only a part of the plan as outlined by General Jackman. The original plan was to have a second barracks east of the first building and a recitation hall connecting them. The work of grading the grounds was contributed by the farmers of Northfield and vicinity and was supervised by John P. Davis, later a trustee of the Univer- sity. Mr. Perley Belknap, acting for the committee, supervised the construction of the barracks, furnishing the material and labor. Mr. Washington Ford of Northfield had charge of the mason work on the l^uilding. The work on the barracks progressed very slowly and at the first of September. 1868, only the two first floors were ready for occupancy. As previously stated, the committee had agreed to furnish the land and a barracks. The grounds were provided as agreed upon, but only twenty thousand dollars of the twenty-three thousand spent by Mr. Belknap up to September, 1868, had been collected by the committee and turned over to him. Yet, such was the necessity of the University, that the trustees concluded to take the property though not completed, and assume the debt of three thousand dollars owed to Mr. Belknap. This was the beginning of the unfortunate litigation with Mr. Belknap which was not settled for several years. In August, 1866, the Governor Paine block, then located on the east side of Main Street near the town bridge, was secured for a barracks and for recitation purposes. The second floor was used for rooms for the cadets and for recitations, and the hall 144 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. on the third floor for a chapel. The building was an historic one. It was built by Governor Paine in 1850, and was for many years the largest , building in Northfield. In 1894, the building was purchased by Dr. W. B. Mayo and turned around to face East Street. On May 13, 1899, this historic building was burned. Fourteen of the cadets in Norwich, met on Norwich Plain, September 12, 1866, and at the opening of the term, September 13, came to Northfield in a body; they were: S. H. Benson, F. M. Gowdy, W. K. Walton, N. W. Ellis, Robert Grosvenor, G. K. Sabine, E. W. Sawyer, Charles R. Wallingford, W. H. Went- worth, Frank M. Whiting, L. O. Chamberlin, E. S. Richards, and Ernest S. Wellman. Old Paine Block. At the commencement, on August 1, 1868, occurred the laying of the corner stone with Masonic ceremonies. The regular com- mencement exercises were held in the forenoon. An 2 o'clock p. M., a procession was formed on the common in the following order: S. G. Paterson, Grand Marshal; Brown's Brigade Band; Tyler, with drawn sword; Stewards, with white rods; Master Mason Corporation; Faculty of the University; Cadets in full uniform; LAYING OF THE CORNER STONE. 145 Grand Lodge escorted by Burlington Commandery of K, T.; Grand Tyler; Grand Steward; Grand Deacons; Grand Chaplains; Grand Secretary and Treasurer; Grand Senior and Junior Wardens; Deputy Grand Master; Bearer of the Holy Writings; Sword Bearer, followed by a large number of citizens. The procession numbered from four hundred to five hundred persons and was fully one-half mile in length. It proceeded to the University grounds, where over three thousand people were assembled to witness the exercises. Grand Master L. B. Englesby laid the corner stone with due Masonic honor, and delivered an able address. Tiie Masons then proceeded to the Northfield House, where, at 4 p. M., DeWitt Clinton Lodge No. 15, of Northfield, gave a dinner to the Fraternity, Brown's Band, and the invited guests. Dr. George Nichols presided at the banquet; Rev. John Gregory acted as toastmaster. The following toasts were given : " Ver- mont," Gen. Stephen Thomas; ''Norwich University," Henry Clark, Esq., a trustee of the University; "Our Government," President Thomas W. Walker; ''Norwich in Northfield," Gen. Alonzo Jackman; "The Musicians," response by Brown's Band; "The true University," Hon. S. B. Colby; " Washington Masonic Fraternit}^" by Grand Master Englesby; "The Deceased Alumni of N. U./' George F. Houghton, Esq., of St. Albans; "Rhode Island,' ' Hon. Charles C. Vanzandt. In the evening, President Walker and lady received the friends of the Universit}^ A ball was given by the cadets, music being furnished by Brown's Band. On September .3, 1868, the term opened for the first time on the Hill. The topography of the grounds was far different than it is today. At that time there was a knoll just east of the barracks where Dodge Hall is now located, and near enough for the venture- some cadet to jump to from the third floor^ when desirous of making a midnight visit to the village or surrounding countr}-. In fact, the proximity of this knoll is said to have tempted many a cadet to test the vigilance of the adjutant and the officer of the day. Vice-president Samuel W. Shattuck served as acting presi- dent of the University until March 4, 1867, when Bvt. Maj. Thomas W. Walker, U. S. A., was elected president. Major Walker was a graduate of West Point, class of 1856, and had served with distinction in the Civil War. He had attained the rank of captain and had been brevetted a major for gallantry 146 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. at the battle of Gaines' Mills. He was retired from active service on September 11, 1863. He was allowed to accept the presi- dency of the University in conformity with the provisions of the act of Congress, approved July 28, 1866, which allowed the detailing of retired officers to twenty colleges in the United States. The University was fortunate in securing this detail. President Walker visited Boston, New York, and other cities in the interest of the University and did much to advance the interests of the Institution. His term of office was brief as he resigned in April, Jackman Hall in 1870. View from the South. 1868. Prof. Edward Bourns served as acting president, 1868 until August, 1869. On January 8, 1869, the Rev. Roger Strong Howard, D. D., a graduate of Dartmouth College, class of 1829, and a prominent Episcopal clergyman, then rector of the church in Woodstock, Vt., was elected president. He began the duties of his office at the beginning of the fall term in 1869. On July 13, 1870, the trustees appointed Henry Clark, Dr. George Nichols and Hon. Dudley C. Dennison, a committee to make application to the ADMINISTRATION OF PRESIDENT DOUGLASS. 147 state legislature for assistance. They failed to obtain aid owing chiefly to the University being under the control of the Episcopal church. President Howard was an excellent instructor, but as he was "not in sympathy with straightlaced military methods," he resigned November 2S, 1871 . Rev. Malcolm Douglass, D. D., a graduate of Trinity College, Hartford, Conn., class of 1846, and of the General Theological Seminary, New York, class of 1849, was elected president on November 27, 1871, and soon assumed the duties of his office. He was the son of a West Point professor, and had passed his boyhood on the grounds of the National Academy. While never taking the military drill, yet he had been a careful observer of the methods of discipline as carried out at West Point. He was in full sympathy with military methods and was a good command- ing officer. He proved an efficient head of the University, and did much to strengthen the courses of study. The salary paid the presidents was very small, and finding there was a poor prospect for an advancement, he was forced to resign the presi- dency, April 12, 1875. It is to be regretted that the University was unable to retain the services of this capable officer. During his administration the custom of the cadets going into annual camp was begun by Captain Curtis. An attempt was again made to secure state aid, but without success, owing to the denomina- tional control. In 1870, the grading of the grounds around the Hill was continued and many trees were set out around the parade. On July 8, 1872, an effort was made to secure a memorial hall and Captain Curtis was appointed agent to take the matter in charge. In December, 1872, the by-laws for the reorganization of the University trustees were compiled. On January 28, 1873, the trustees voted to allow Prof. Charles Dole to take full charge of the financial management of the University for a term ending at the commencement of 1875. In the summer of 1875, Mr. Belknap pressed the University for the settlement of his claim against the Institution. On June 30, 1875, Mr. Charles Dewej^ was appointed agent to settle with Mr. Belknap; but with no success. On August 12, the same year. Dr. P. D. Bradford was given the matter in charge and on September 1st, settled with him by giving two mortgage notes. During this period Professor Dole hired the members of the facult}' and paid all bills, at a financial loss of several thousand dollars. 148 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. In the fall of 1868, Capt. Charles A. Curtis, U. S. A., of the class of 1861, was appointed professor of Military Science and Tactics at the University. He was then in command of Fort Reynolds, Col., and the order from the War Department detail- ing him was conditioned that he should not be relieved until the arrival of another officer to take his place. On April 1, he was relieved and on the 8th of the same month reported to Professor Bourns. He was soon appointed executive officer and had full charge of the University until the arrival of Presi- dent Howard. One of the commandant's first acts, and one which every cadet from 1869 to 1904 appreciated, was the securing of the services of James Evans as janitor of the University. Captain JaCivUJaU ilau ill ii./o View iiuUl the EaSt. Curtis had known him as a recruit in a march across the plains in 1866 and as a member of the company which he commanded from September 3, 1866, to April 1, 1869. When Evans' enlist- ment expired in May, 1869, he was offered the janitorship, and promptly reported. His services proved invaluable. A con- fidant of the cadets and faculty, he invariably used his influence for the preservation of good order. He was never a bearer of tales between them, and many a foolish prank was abandoned by "Uncle Jim's" advice. On June 17, 1869, Captain Curtis was elected agent to secure funds for the University. He raised the money by personal CHANGE OF ADMINISTRATION. 149 ind unaided exertion for excavating the basement of the principal building, for finishing the upper story, for painting the whole exterior, and putting closets and furniture in each room. When a tornado took off all the slate on the roof, May 30, 1870, and other- wise damaged the building, he again raised funds for repairs. The diploma plate now in use and the one for commissions, he procured; also a transit and level. He used personal exertion to procure cadets, with fair results. Upon President Douglass' resignation, Captain Curtis was appointed executive officer and acting president, April 12, 1875, and held the position until August 12, the same 3'ear, when, having received an offer of a good salary in a California school, he resigned. The trustees immediately elected him president and urged his acceptance, but as he had made all arrangements to go to California, he refused to cancel his engagement there. He promised, however, to return at the end of the school 5^ear if the trustees desired. Rev. Josiah Swett, D. D., of the class of 1837, was elected to the presidency August 12, 1875, and held the position until October 19, 1876. Doctor Swett had been a professor in the the University from 1835 to 1841, and served as a trustee and secretary of the board for many years. He was a writer of text books and a clergyman of ability. A strong friendship had existed between him and General Jackman which began when they were fellow cadets. They were afterwards associated as editors, school teachers, and professors. President Swett held the office merely in a nominal way, and onh' occasionally visited the University. The actual management was in charge of Prof. Charles Dole. In September 1876, Captain Curtis returned to the University and on October 19th, was elected president. In 1876, an effort was made on the part of the University of Vermont to have the Universit}^ become a part of that Institution. On October 19, 1876, a committee consisting of Dr. George Nichols, Mr. Hiram Atkins, Dr. P. D. Bradford, Captain Curtis and F. E. Smith, was appointed to meet the committee from the University of Vermont in Xorthfield, on October 26, 1876. On this date the two committees met as agreed upon, but owing to the absence of some of the members no definite plan was agreed upon. They agreed to meet in Montpelier, on November 16th. On this date the committee met, but no business was transacted owing to the 150 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. absence of several members. So far as known this was the last attempt to effect a consolidation of the two Institutions. On July 1. 1880, Captain Curtis resigned, much to the regret of the trustees. He proved an efficient officer, and did much to advance the interests of the University. Prof. Edward Bourns served as professor of Latin, Greek, Intellectual Philosophy and Logic from September, 1866, until his death, July 14, 1871. In the winter of 1870-71, Professor Bourns began to fail physically and in the early spring of 1871 was forced to give up going to his classes on the Hill. His classes then recited to him, as he lay on his couch, in his sitting room in the village. He was once asked if he did not wish to be reHeved of his class work. He replied, " If you take my classes away from ^^^^^i ■ '>.^«fll^^^^^ B^. ^:,jMll?%^^^mKt ^^ >"--. i ■■ ■■ . ^ ^ ^ji^^y.^M^9^^a&^KBM FIJ ■ f\ in 1^ ***r= ■■ 1113 W^'^j^' "t'U ia<«^«^^u«»M aHi ,..- ;. '^i0^-^ 1 U«> U tm^ -. ^^;*.'*' it.^^^fc ^m^-i ii^'^:<,'". . ■' f^WP ,. ...v*/; 1 ^jljr.' pai^^ ^^ -■^^^^^M • ■—-'•' ■■ '~"^^"^'^^9HHi . , — , : ___ __2 Northfield Village in 1877. me I shall die." When the last recitation was held at the end of the term he rapidly failed, and died after midnight of com- mencement day. He was one of the ablest instructors of his time, and his death was a severe blow to the University. Capt. Samuel W. Shattuck served as adjunct professor of Military Science from December, 1865, until March, 1867, and upon President Walker's resignation had full charge of the Mili- tary work until July, 1868. He was also adjunct professor of Mathematics and History during 1866-67. General Jackman continued as professor of Mathematics, Natural Philosophy, and Civil Engineering until his death, which occurred at his home FACULTY. 151 at two o'clock, p. M. Feb. 24, 1879. Up to that day he had regu- larly attended his classes. That morning he sent word to Captain Curtis that he would be unable to go to his class room. Stand- ing at a window, dressed in uniform, he suddenly fell dead; dropped like a soldier at his post. He was one of the ablest mathe- maticians of his time and a fine instructor. His death was a great loss to the University. Prof. Henry L. Delescluze continued as professor of the French and Spanish Languages and Literature, and Linear, Architectural and Landscape Drawing until July, 1867. Dr. Philander D. Bradford served during this period as professor of Physiology and the Natural Sciences. President Walker served as professor of Military Science and Tactics from ^larch, 1867, until 1868. President Howard was professor of Intellectual Philosophy and Christian Ethics during 1869-71. Capt. Charles A. Curtis, U. S. A., served as com- mandant and professor of Military Science and Tactics from April 8, 1869, until August 12, 1875, and from September, 1876, until July, 1880. Charles Dole, of the class of 1869, served during 1868-69 as tutor in English and Mathematics. In 1869, he was appointed professor of English Philology, Rhetoric and History and held this position during this period; he was also professor of English Literature during 1878 and 1879; during Captain Curtis' absence in California from August, 1875, until September, 1876, he had full charge of the Military work. In 1870, Bvt. Capt. Ephraim Williams, U. S. A., (q. v.) a graduate of Williams College, class of 1863, and a former officer in the 5th U. S. Infantry, who had been retired for wounds re- ceived in an Indian engagement, was appointed assistant professor of the Ancient Languages, and upon the death of Professor Bourns succeeded him as professor of these subjects. He held the position until 1874. During 1870-72, cadets Charles P. Campbell and James W. Swett served as tutors in the Ancient Languages. During 1871-72, President Douglass served as professor of Intellectual Philosophy and Christian Ethics. In 1871, Lt. James E. Batchelder, U. S. A., " N. U." '67 and a graduate of West Point, class of 1868, was elected professor of French, Descriptive Geo- metry and Drawing, and instructor in Tactics. Lieutenant Batchelder had served for some time as a 1st lieutenant in the 4th U. S. Cavalry, and had been honorably discharged from the service on December 4, 1871. In 1873 he resigned his professor- ship at the University. 152 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. In 1873, Wilbur Buzzell, a graduate of the University of Michigan, became instructor of the Ancient Languages, holding the position three years. Adrian Scott, a former cadet of the class of 1871, and a graduate of Brown Universit}^ was elected pro- fessor of the Latin, Greek and Modern Languages. He was a very competent instructor, but owing to the insufficient salary he resigned after one year. Walter Dole, B. S., of the class of 1870, served as tutor in Mathematics and English during 1874-75. Cadet William M. Rumbaugh served as tutor in Mathematics during 1874-76, and in the latter year was appointed instructor of Mathematics and Drawing. In 1878, he was made professor of Drawing and served in this capacity through this period. He also served as assistant instructor of Military Science and Tactics and commandant 1876-80. In 1876 Charles E. Gestrin, Ph. D., a graduate of the Univer- sity of Upsala, Sweden, was appointed professor of the Latin, French and German Languages. He was a profound scholar and a logical and entertaining instructor. He resigned his position in June, 1880. Rev. Franklin W. Bartlett, A. M., rector of St. Mary's Episcopal Church of Northfield, served as professor of Moral and Intellectual Philosoph}' during 1878-79, and of the Latin and Greek Languages 1879-82. Cadet John B. Johnson, during his junior and senior years, was often called upon by General Jackman to instruct his classes in Mathematics in his absence. Upon General Jackman's death, Cadet Johnson was appointed instructor of Mathematics and had charge of a portion of the Mathematical subjects until the commencement of 1879. He then served as instructor of ]\Iathematics until 1880, when he was elected professor. The attendance for 1866-67 was: senior class, 4; junior class, 7; sophomore class, none; freshman class, 8; a total of nineteen. The attendance by 3'ears for the period was as follows: 1867, graduates 5; 1868, graduates 6; 1869, graduates 3, non- graduates 6; 1870, graduates 5, non-graduates 2; 1871, graduates 1, non-graduates 3; 1872, graduates 7, non-graduates 2; 1873, graduates 12, non-graduates 19; 1874, graduates 3, non-graduates 8; 1875, no graduating class, non-graduates 5; 1876, graduates 7, non-graduates 10; 1877, graduates 3, non-graduates 14; 1878, graduates 1, non-graduates 18; 1879, graduates 3, non-graduates 7; 1880, graduates 3, non-graduates 6; making a total for this period, graduates 59 and non-graduates 102. COURSES OF STUDY. 153 During 1866-73 candidates for admission to the freshman class of the Classical course were required to be at least fourteen years of age and to pass satisfactory examinations in Latin and Greek grammar; Virgil, six books; Caesar or Sallust; Homer's Iliad, two books; Xenephon's Anabasis; Algebra to Quadratics; Arnold's Latin Prose Composition; Arithmetic. During 1874-80, the age requirement was fifteen years. The following additional subjects were added: Cicero's Orations; Pennell's Ancient Greece; Geometry, four books; English Gram- mar; Physical and Political Geography; History of the United States. During 1866-75, the age requirements for the Scientific course were the same as in the Classical course. The candidates were examined in English Grammar; Geography; Arithmetic; Algebra to Quadratics; four books of Geometr3\ The age re- quirement for the Academic or Business course was fourteen years, and a satisfactory examination in the common school studies. Classical Course, 1866-67. First Year. Fall term, Horace's Odes and Epodes, Xeno- phon's Memorabilia, Geometr}', Roman History, Infantry Tactics; Winter term, Horace's Odes and Epodes, Livy begun. Homer, Geometry, Descriptive Geometry begun, Grecian History, English History begun, Infantr}^ Tactics; Spring term, Livy, Herodotus, Descriptive Geometry, Infantry Tactics. Latin and Greek Prose Composition through the year. Second Year. Fall term, Livy, Juvenal and Perseus, Hero- dotus, Euripides' Alcestis and Medoea, Algebra, Chemistry; Winter term, Tacitus and Plautus' Captivi, Aeschylus or Sophocles, Algebra, Trignometry begun. Mineralogy; Spring term, Tactitus', Aeschylus or Sophocles and Demosthenes' De Corona or Aeschines, Trigonometry, Geology. Roman and Grecian Antiquities through the year. Third Year. Fall term, Terence, Demosthenes' De Corona or Aeschines, Surveying, Shades and Shadows, Anal3^tical Geo- metry begun. Democracy in America, History of Civilization begun, Kautz's Company Clerk, Guard and Outpost Duty, Drawing; Winter term, Cicero's Tusculan Questions, Thucydides, Analyti- cal Geometry, Differential Calculus begun. Political Economy, Guard and Outpost Duty, Field Fortifications, Drawing; Spring 154 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. term, Cicero's Tusculan Questions, Calculus Completed, Constitu- tion of the United States, Artillery Tactics, Drawing. Fourth Year. Fall term. Mechanics, Law of Nations, Psy- chology, Logic, Manual for Engineer Troops; Winter term, Acous- tics and Optics, Astronomy begun, Civil Engineering begun, In- tellectual Philosophy, Rhetoric, Art of War, Drawing; Spring term. Astronomy completed, Civil Engineering completed, Moral Philosophy, Intellectual Philosophy, Army Regulations. Recitations every Monday morning in Paley's Natural Theo- logy, Butler's Analogy, or other books of a religious or moral char- acter. Themes and Declamations weekly through all the courses. French and Spanish Languages elective. Scientific Course, 1866-67. First Year. Fall term, Algebra, Geometry, Roman History, English Philology, Infantry Tactics, Drawing; Winter term, Alge- bra, Geometry, Trigonometrj' and Descriptive Geometry begun, Grecian History, English History begun. Infantry Tactics, Drawing; Spring term, Trigonometry, Descriptive Geometry, English His- tory, Infantry Tactics, French, Drawing. Second Year. Fall term, Surveying, Shades and Shadows, Chemistry, Democracy, in America, History of Civilization begun, Kautz's Company Clerk, Guard and Outpost Duty, French, Draw- ing; Winter term. Analytical Geometry, Differential Calculus begun. Mineralogy, Political Economy, Guard and Outpost Duty, Field Fortification, French, Drawing; Spring term. Differential and Integral Calculus, Geology, Constitution of the LTnited States, Artillery Tactics, French, Drawing. Third Year. Fall term, same as studies of the senior class in Classical department, with the addition of French the first two terms. Fourth Year. Fall term. Higher Algebra, Descriptive Geo- metry, Chemistry, Di-awing; Winter term. Calculus, Natural Philosophy, Civil Engineering, Drawing; Spring term. Civil En- gineering, Astronom}^, Field Practice. Classical Course, 1870-7L First Year. First semester, Horace's Odes and Epodes, Xenophon's Memorabilia, Geometry, Roman History, Infantry Drill; Second semester, Horace'-: Odes and Epodes, Livy, Homer, COURSES OF STUDY. 155 Herodotus, Geometry, Descriptive Geometry, Grecian History, English History, Infantry Drill. Themes and Declamations every Saturday evening; Arnold's Latin and Greek Prose Compositions through the year. Second Year. First semester, Livy, Juvenal and Perseus, Herodotus, Euripides, Alcestis and Medoea, Algebra, Chemistry, Infantry Drill, Lectures on Military Subjects; Second semester, Plautus' Captivi, Tacitus, Aeschylus or Sophocles, Demosthenes, De Corona or Aeschines, Algebra, Trigonometry, Mineralogy, Geology, Infantry Drill, Lectures. Themes and Declamations, every Saturday evening; Roman and Grecian Antiquities through the year. Third Year. First semester, Terence, Demosthenes, De Cor- ona or Aeschines, Surveying, Shades and Shadows, Analytical Geo- metry begun. Democracy in America History of Civilization begun. Guard and Outpost Duty, Castrametation, Lectures; Second semester, Cicero's Tusculan Questions, Thucydides, Analytical Geometry, Differential and Integral Calculus, History of Civiliza- tion, Political Economy, Constitution of the United States. Field Fortifications, Artillery Drill, Themes and Declamations every Saturday evening. Fourth Year. First semester, Mechanics, International Law, Psychology, Logic, Artillery Drill, Signals, French or German; Second semester. Acoustics and Optics, Astronomy, Civil Engi- neering, Intellectual Philosophy, Moral Philosophy, Rhetoric, French or German, Duane's Manual for Engineer Troops, Art of War. Recitations every Monday morning in Paley's Natural Theology, Butler's analogy, or other books of a religious or moral character. Spanish Language elective. Scientific Course, 1870-7L First Year. First semester. Higher Arithmetic begun, Analy- sis of the English Language, Physical Geography, Infantry Drill; Second semester. Arithmetic finished. Algebra, Geometry begun. Rhetoric, Latin Grammar and Reader, United States History, Infantry Drill. Second Year. First semester. Algebra, Geometry, Sallust or Caesar, Grecian History, Infantry Drill, Lectures on ]Military Subjects; Second semester, Algel^ra, Geometry, Trigonometry and Descriptive Geometry, English and Roman History, ^'irgil, In- fantry Drill, Lectures, Linear and Perspective Drawing. 156 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. Third Year. First semester, Surveying, Shades and Shad- ows, Chemistry, Democracy of America, History of Civilization, Cicero, Guard and Outpost Duty, Castrametation, Lectures, Archi- tectural Drawing; Second semester, Analytical Geometry, Differ- ential and Integral Calculus, Mineralogy, Geology, Political Economy, Constitution of the United States, French or German, Field Fortification, Artillery Drill, Topographical Drawing. Fourth Year. Same as studies of the senior class in Classical department, with the addition of French or German. Themes and Declamations every Saturday evening through the course. Classical Course, 1874-76. First Year. Fall term, Geometr}^, Livy, Greek Historians; Winter term. Geometry, Livy, Greek Historians; Spring term. Algebra, Cicero's, De Senectute, Homer's Odyssey. Free Hand Drawing through the year. Military Instruction — Infantry Drill; Sword and Bayonet exercises. Second Yeah. Fall term. Algebra, Horace's Satires, Aeschi- nes; Winter term. Descriptive Geometry, Horace's Odes, Demos- thenes; Spring term. Trigonometry and Surveying, Tacitus, Germania, Plato's Apolog}^ Drawing, Geometrical construction of two dimensions; Projections, Shades and Shadows, Construction of Three Dimensions; Military Instruction — Infantry Drill; Sword and Bayonet Exercises; Lectures on the customs of the Service. Third Year. Fall term. Logic, English Literature, Chemis- tiy, Elective (Analytical Geometry); Winter term. Rhetoric Political Econoni)'-, Physics, Calculus; Spring term, Botan}^, and Zoology, Moral Philosophy, Evidences, Phj'sics (Mechanics). Drawing — Linear Perspective, Mechanical, Topographical. Military Instruction — Infantry and Artillery Drill, Guard and Outpost Duty, Lectures on Military subjects. Fourth Year. Fall term, Butler's Analogy, Mediaeval History, German, Elective (Acoustics and Optics) ; Winter term. Mental Philosophy, Modern History, German, Astronomy; Spring term. Constitutional and International Law, Geology and Minera- logy, German. Drawing — Architectural. Military Instruction — Artillery, Drill, Signals, Fencing, Art of War, Manual for Engineer Troops. Scientific Course, 1874-76. First Year. Fall term, Geometry, German, Anglo-Saxon or Latin; Winter term. Geometry, German, Semi-Saxon or Latin; COURSES OF STUDY. 157 Spring term, Algebra, German, Early English or Latin, Free hand drawing through the year. Military Instruction — Infantry Drill, Sword and Bayonet Exercises. Second Year. Fall term. Algebra, English Literature, Ger- man or Latin; Winter term. Descriptive Geometry, Physics, German or Latin; Spring term, Trigonometry, and Surve3ang, Physics, German or Latin. Drawing — Geometrical, Construction of two and three dimensions. Projections, Shades and Shadows. Military Instruction — Infantry Drill, Sword and Bayonet Exer- cises, Lectures on the Customs of the Service. Third Year. Fall term. Analytical Geometry, Chemistry, Logic; Winter term. Calculus, Political Economy, Rhetoric, Me- chanical Drawing; Spring term. Mechanics, ^-oology and Botany Ethics and Evidences of Christianity, Drawing, Topographical Drawing — Linear Perspective. Military Instruction — Infantry and Ai'tillery Drill, Guard and Outpost Duty, Lectures on Military Subjects. Fourth Year. Fall term, Acoustics and Optics, Butler's Analogy, Mediaeval History; Winter term. Astronomy, ]\Iental Philosophy, Modern History; Spring term. Geology and Mineralogy Constitutional and International Law. Architectural Drawing through the year. Military Instruction — Artillery Drill, Signals, Fencing, Art of War, Manual for Engineer Troops. Course in Philosophy, 1874-76. First Year. Fall term, Geometry, Algebra, Greek or Latin; Winter term, Geometry, Descriptive Geometry, Greek or Latin; Spring term, Zoology and Botany, Trigonometry and Surveying, Greek or Latin. Second Year. Fall term, Chemistry, Logic, Greek or Latin; Winter term. Physics, Rhetoric, Greek or Latin; Spring term. Physics, Moral Philosophy, Greek or Latin. Third Year. Fall term, English Literature, Mediaeval History, German; Winter term, Political Economy, Modern History, German; Spring term, Constitutional and International Law, Geology and Mineralogy, German. Military Instruction the same as in the Scientific Course. Students in the foregoing courses were required to present com- positions and essays, and to publicly deliver declamations and original orations throughout the Course. 158 norwich university. Academy and Business Course. First Year. Latin Grammar and Reader, (Elective), Eng- lish Grammar and Rhetoric, Arithmetic, Histor}' of the United States, Composition and Elocution. Second Year. Latin, Caesar, Cicero (Elective), Algebra, Geometry, English Analysis, Physical Geography, Exercises in Composition and Elocution. Third Year. Latin, Virgil, Prose Composition or French (Elective), Natural Philosophy, Elementary Chemistry, History Review of Mathematics, Drawing — Free hand and Geometrical, Exercises in Composition and Elocution. Scientific Course 1878-80. First Year. Algebra, Algebraic Problems, Geometry, Trig- onometry, Plane, Analytical and Spherical, French Grammar, Latin Prose Composition, Livy, Horace, History, Compositionn and Elocution, Free Hand and Geometrical Drawing, Exercises in Crayon Drawing, Military Instruction — Infantry Drill, Sword and Bayonet Exercise. Second Year. Surveying, Theory and Practice with Chain and Compass, Descriptive Geometry, Shades and Shadows, Linear Perspective, Isometric Perspective, Anal^^tical Geometry, Conic Sections, Composition and Elocution, French Grammar and Composition, Physics, Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, History, Line Shading, Orthographic Projections, Projection of Shadows and Perspective, Military Instruction — Infantry Drill, Sword and Bayonet Exercise, Lectures on Customs of the Service. Third Year. Differential and Integral Calculus, Natural Philosophy, Mechanics, Acoustics and Optics, Logic, Rhetoric, Political Economy, History, *Zoology, *Botany, German Grammar, Translation from English into German, William Tell, Composi- tion and Elocution, Shading and Tinting, Machine Drawing, including Bridge Drawings, Topography, Field Practice and Draw- ing. Military Instruction — Infantry and Artillery Drill, Guard and Outpost Duty, Lectures on Military Subjects. Fourth Year. Astronomy, Physical and Spherical and its Nautical Application in establishing latitude and longitude; Civil Engineering, Theory of Roads, Bridges, Tunnels, Canals, Strength of Material, Leveling and Railroad Curves, Practical * (Elective). TEXT BOOKS. 159 Operations, Use of Level and Theodolite, Leveling for Section and Working Drawings; Geology, Mineralogy, Mental Philosophy; Studies in English Language and Literature; Constitutional and International Law; German Grammar, Goethe's Herman and Dorothea, Schiller's Marie Stuart, Conversational Exercises; Architectural Drawing; Military Instruction — Artillery Drills, Signals, Military Telegraph, Cyphers, Fencing, Art of War, Manual for Engineer Troops. Text Books Used, 1866-1880. English. Standard English Grammar; Haven's, Quackenbos'es and Whatley's Rhetoric. Latin. Arnold's Latin Prose Composition; Allen and Greenough's, and Harkness' Latin Grammar; Allen and Greenough's and Hark- ness' editions of the Latin Authors. Greek. Arnold's Greek Prose Composition; Leighton's Greek Les- sons; Pennell's Ancient Greece; Goodwin's Greek Grammar; Harkness' editions of the Greek Authors; Owen's Thucydides. French, German and Spanish. Standard text books of these languages were used. History. Liddell's History of Rome; Smith's History of Greece; Hume's History of England; standard texts of the history of the United States; Guizot's History of Civilization. Mathematics. Davie's Algebra; Geometry; Trigonometry; Surveying; Descriptive Geometry and Analytical Geometry; Church's Descriptive Geometry; Bemis' Orthographic Projections; Rob- inson's Algebraic Problems. Church's Integral and Differen- 160 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. tial Calculus; Buckingham's Calculus; Davie's Conic Sections; Peck's and Church's Mechanics; Robinson's and Bartlett's As- tronomy; Simm's and Mahan's Civil Engineering, Natural Philosophy and Sciences. Guyot's Physical Geography; Bartlett's Natural Philosophy; Silliman's and Youman's Chemistry; Dana's, Lyell's and Hitch- cock's Geology; Dana's Mineralogy. Logic, Moral Philosophy and Metaphysics. Whately's Logic; Cousin's Psychology; Wayland's Mental Philosophy; Hickok's Moral Philosophy; Karnes' Elements; Mahan's Intellectual Philosophy; Paley's Natural Theology; Butler's Analogy. Political Economy. Perry's, Say's, and Mills' Political Economy; De Tocque- ville's Democracy in America; Vattel's and Wheaton's Law of Nations; Townsend's Constitutional Law; Woolsey's Interna- tional Law. Military Science. Jomini's Art of War; Mahan's Field Fortifications; Mahan's and Duane's Manual for Engineer Troops; Kautz's Company Clerk; The Regulations of the U. S. Army, and the standard texts of the various branches of the service. The catalogue of 1878-79 gives the following conditions for the granting of degrees: "The Degree of Bachelor of Science is conferred upon students who com- plete the course, and pass satisfactory examinations in the same. "The Degree of Master of Science will be conferred upon graduates of three years standing, who shall have engaged during that time in professional, literary, or scientific pursuits. "The Degree of Civil Engineer will be conferred upon Graduates of three years standing, who shall have pursued the profession of an Engineer during that time.'' The library was located in the large room on the first floor of Jackman Hall, on the south side of the building and east of the north and south halls. It numbered about three thousand vol- PREPARATORY DEPARTMENT — VACATIONS. 161 umes. Mr. Henry Clark was appointed on June 17, 1869, to ob- tain books for the library, and on the same date General Jackman and Captain Curtis were appointed as the committee to have general charge of the library. Professor Shattuck served as libra- rian from 1866 until 1868. and Dr. Bradford from 1868 until 1874. From this last date until 1880, cadets were appointed librarians and performed the duty under charge of the President. The cadet assistant librarians as far as known were: jNlyron R. Hurlbut. 1866-67; Charles G. Griffith, 1870-71; Stephen H. Campbell, 1871-72; William R. Dorr, 1871-73. A Preparatory department was organized in 1872 under supervision of Professor Dole. The following quotation from the circular issued in March, 1873, gives the general plan of the department : "This department is now prepared to receive scholars. It has been recently organized to meet the needs of that class of students who are not quite prepared to enter the higher departments, or whose parents desire for them an accurate training in the fundamentals of a good education for practical business. As its scholars belong to the corps of cadets they will be subject to the general regulations, oversight and administration of the corps. And as they will pursue a separate department of study, they will be controlled also by the special regulations of that department. They will be received at not less than thirteen years of age. They will room in a distinct portion of the building under charge of an instructor. Their expenses may be con- trolled by the Principal who will, if desired, receive and account for money intended for their benefit. The instruction and discipline of this department can be relied on as thorough, kind and firm.' ' This department was discontinued in 1880. In 1866 and 1867. the summer vacation lasted four weeks and from 1868 until 1880, nine weeks. From 1866 until 1870. and from 1874 until 1880, the aca- demic 3^ear was divided into three terms, known as the Fall, Winter and Spring terms. There were vacations of two weeks at the end of the fall term, and one week at Easter. From 1870 until 1874, the academic year was divided into two terms, known as the Christmas and the Easter, or the short and the long terms, averaging sixteen and twenty-three weeks, respectively. During 1871-78, gold and silver medals were given, respec- tivel}', to the senior and the junior having the highest general average in academic and military work. The organization of the corps of cadets remained in this period the same as in Norwich, until Captain Curtis became the 162 NORWICH UNIVERSITY, professor of Military Science, in April, 1869. He made many changes; revised and published, in 1869, the Rules and Regula- tions compiled by President Walker in 1867. He appointed officers and non-commissioned officers for merit, and procured the passage of the act of the legislature, Nov. 18, 1870, making the corps a part of the National Guard of the State and organized as one company of infantry and a battery of artillery. By this act the professor of JMilitary Science was the ex-officio commander of the corps with the rank of captain. The other officers were commissioned by the governor of the state upon the recommen- dation of the professor of ^lilitary Science, and consisted of one cadet captain with rank of 1st lieutenant, and a cadet 1st lieu- tenant with rank of 2d lieutenant to each company or section. I Cadet Camp at Berlin Pond. Under Captain Partridge's system, the cadets served in rota- tion as officers and non-commissioned officers, thereby doing away with a fixed rank and keeping the corps democratic. Captain Curtis changed the work to coi-respond to the United States Army, He was the first to keep legil^le and accurate records of the corps, and l:)ecame one of the bondsmen under whom the United States arms and equipment were procured for the use of the University. The adjutant was a]3pointed for each term and was in com- mand of the corps at all formations; also was required to make inspections of the quarters. This office was especially sought after, as at the completion of his term of service, the adjutant SERVICE CALLS — UNIFORMS. 163 was given special privileges to the end of the academic year, and was responsible only to the commandant. The officer of the day was appointed from the senior and junior classes and served for one day. His duties were the same as at the present time. A passage officer for each passage was appointed each term, from the upper classmen, who was responsible for the order in his passage, and was required to report all violation of the rules and regulations to the officer of the day or adjutant. A post office orderly was chosen from the freshman class each day to collect all mail matter and take it to the post office, and to distribute all letters received. The General Rules and Regulations were practically the same as in force at the present time. The follow- ing service calls, quoted from the regulations of 1869, were prac- tically unchanged during the period: Daily Routine of Duty. "Reveille at a. m., from September 21st, until March 21st, and at .3:30 A. M.. from March 21st until September 21st; roll call at twenty minutes after reveille, when the officer of the day will inspect the rooms, see that they are cleaned and in good order, and the beds are neatly made up; study hours until breakfast, fifteen minutes before 7 a. m.; morning exercises, 7:50 A. M.; study hours and recitations until dinner at 12 m; roll call, 1:15; parade and roll call at sunset; study hours begin fifteen minutes after retreat, continue until tattoo roll call, 9:30 p. m., from March 21st until September 21st and at 9 p. M., from September 21st to March 21st; taps thirty minutes after tattoo, when the officer of the day will inspect to see that all are in quarters, lights extinguished, and fires i)roperly secured; no liglits will be allowed after taps, except by special jjermission; all must be in quarters between taps and reveille. On Sunday — morning inspection at 10 a. m., noon roll call at 12:45 p. M., evening roll call at 6.45 p. m.; Saturday — no drill, and no study hours between 8 a. m., and retreat; Friday evening allowed for Society meetings." Uniform, 1869-74. "Dress coat: Blue cloth coatee, single breasted; three rows of eight gilt University buttons in front; stand-up collar, trimmed with gilt cord, to rise no higher than to permit the chin to turn freely over it, to hook in front; buttons on the hip to range with the lower buttons on the breast, three buttons, placed lengthwise on the skirts down the plaits, terminating with an acklitional button at the end of skirts; cuffs with five buttons on the bottom of sleeve. "Fatigue jacket for summer wear: A brown linen jacket is allowed, single breasted, with stand and fall collar; one small size University button on each side of collar, and nine similar buttons down the breast; an undress coat is allowed, or a .sack coat, with the University buttons for out-of-door wear, pattern furnished by the Executive Officer. 164 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. " Overcoat: Blue kersey, double breasted, to reach two inches below the knee; stand and fall collar, rising to the tip of the ear, and hooked in front; University buttons, six down the front of each side; two at the hip, and one at the bottom of each plait behind; cape of same material as the coat, sixteen and one-half inches in length to button in front, body, cape and skirts lined with sky blue woolen; sleeves with twilled muslin. "Pantaloons for winter: Blue cloth with black velvet stripe one inch wide down the outer seam; for summer white drilling; dress cap, U. S. shako with usual gilt ornaments, black pompon; forage cap, U. S. Army pattern. "Badges of distinction: Cadets acting as officers and non-commis- sioned officers shall be designated by the following badges: captains, chev- rons of four bars of single lace on each arm above the elbow, points up; lieutenants, chevrons of three bars of single lace on each arm above the elbow, points up; adjutant, the lieutenants' chevrons with an arc; sergeant-major, the sergeant's chevron with an arc; first sergeants, chevrons of two bars of single lace on each arm above the elbow, points up, with a lozenge; sergeant, chevrons of two bars of single lace on each arm above the elbow, points up; corporals, chevrons of two bars of single lace on each arm above the elbow, points up; cadets appointed acting assistant professors, will wear upon their coats three rows of fourteen buttons in front; boots or high shoes of black unglazed leather." Uniform, 1874-80. "Coat: A double breasted frock coat of dark blue cloth, the skirt to extend one-half the distance from the hip joint to the bend of the knee. There shall be two rows of University buttons on the breast, eight in a row; the distance between each row five and one-half inches at top and three and one-half inches at bottom; stand-up collar, not less than one nor more than two inches in height, to hook in front at the bottom and slope thence up and backward at an angle of thirty degrees on each side, corners rounded; cuffs three inches deep, to go round the sleeves parallel with the lower edge, and with three small buttons at the under seam; pockets in the folds of the skirts, with two buttons at the height of the hip and one at the lower end of each side edge, making four buttons on the back and side of the coat; lining of the coat, black. A sack coat of blue cloth or flannel cut in the army style, with University buttons, is allowed and recommended for ordinary wear, as economical and likely to save the wear of the more expensive drill coat. "Trousers: Dark blue cloth with light blue welt, half an inch in width; cravat, black, the tie not to be visible at the opening of the collar; caps for officers — for full dress, marine shako, with plume of white cocks' feathers with red crest, gilt ornaments; for all other cadets, same shako and gilt or- naments with red and white pompon; forage cap, pattern U. S. Army. "Boots and shoes: No particular pattern required, but they must be made of black leather capable of taking ordinary polish blacking, and be sufficiently high to conceal the stockings. "Badges of distinction: For officers, E,ussian shoulder-knot: for a captain, two silver embroidered bars on each knot; for a 1st lieutenant one bar; for a 2d lieutenant, none. UNIFORMS — EQUIPMENT. 165 "For non-commissioned officers: The rank of non-commissioned officers will be marked by chevrons of light blue cloth, divided into bars half an inch wide, piped with red, and worn upon both sleeves of the uniform coat above the elbow, points down. "For a 1st sergeant, three bars and a lozenge; for a sergeant, three bars; for a corpora), two bars; for a principal musician, three or two bars, (according as he ranks as a sergeant or corporal,) with a bugle. " No other dress than that which is prescribed shall be worn by a cadet, or kept in his quarters without permission. On leave of absence he may wear such clothing as he may prefer. " No buttons, orna- ments, badges or other military device except those adopted by the Uni- versity authorities shall be worn by any cadet at the University. " The hair will be trim- med in the style commonly called cropped. Whiskers or beards are prohibited. "The uniform of the Faculty will be that of the staff ot the U. S. Army with the Vermont button, except where the professor may be a commissioned officer of the U. S. Army or the State Militia, in which case he may wear the uniform of his arm and grade. The President, when a clergyman, may wear a clerical suit or uniform, as he may please. With the clerical suit he will wear a black felt hat, with black silk and gold cord, with acorn ends.' ' In -1869, the United States Ordnance Department loaned to the University the following equipment: 150 breach loading rifles; 150 sets of equipments; 30 light artillery sabres; six sets of signal equipments; one section of artillery equipment. The old brass Napoleons which were loaned the University in 1853 were brought to Northfield, and were used until 1906. Much attention was given to sabre and broadsword drills, and to fencing. In 1869, Captain Curtis began the custom of having the cadets go into camp. For some time the encampments were held in Cadet Camp in 1878. 166 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. September, but later they were held in June, usually on the cam- pus. In June, 1870, the corps under command of Captain Curtis took a practice march to Berlin Pond where they encamped for several days. On October 26, 1870, the corps of cadets under com- mand of Captain Curtis visited Montpelier and gave exhibition drills before the state legislature. They were received by the Governor and his staff. After the review the Governor gave the cadets an address of welcome. Hon. Charles H. Joyce, a native of Northfield and speaker of the house, then delivered an eloquent address in which he paid a glowing trib- ute to the work of Norwich men dur- ing the Civil War. During 1 866-67, tuition was S60 per year, room rent $15, lights and fuel 75 cents a week, board $3.25 to $4 a week, washing 50 cents a week. From 1870 to 1874, the charges were $350 a year, which in- cluded all the Uni- versity expenses aside from the uni- forms, clothing, etc. From 1874 to 1880 the charges were $300. In 1880 when it was voted to allow cadets to board where they desired in town, the charges for tuition and room rent were $25 a term; use of library 50 cents a term; board ranged from $2.50 to $5 a week. During 1870-74, musicians were allowed $125 a year for their services and from 1874-1880, $75 a year. On January 22, 1874, the trustees voted to establish fourteen scholarships, one for each county in the state, covering the tuition and room rent; examinations were held June 22 and 29. This was the first aid given by the Univer- sity to the cadets of the state. Cadet Camp, 1879. JACKMAN HALL — ATHLETICS. 167 Until the construction of Dodge Hall, Jackman Hall was used for recitation purposes as well as for a barracks. The large room on the first floor on the right of the north and south hall, at the front of the buildings, was used by General Jackman and later by Professor Johnson. The room opposite, on the south side of the building, was at first used as a drawing room. The large room on the first floor, east of the north and on the south side of the build- ing, was used for a library until Dodge Hall was erected. The large room opposite, on the north side of the hall, was used for some years as the commandant's office. The three large rooms on the north side of the hall, on the second floor, now used for students' rooms and a guard room, were originally one room, and it was used for the chapel until the erection of Dodge Hall. The large room on the second floor, on the south side of the building and west of the north and south hall, was used by Professor Dole for his classes during this peiiod. The other large room on the second floor, toward Dodge Hall, was used b}-^ the cadets. The two large rooms on the third floor at the front of the building were used for reci- tations and for drafting. From 1866 until 1870, the cadets were allowed to board in town where they saw fit. In 1870, a boarding hall for the cadets was opened by Professor Dole at his home at the Center Village, near the University, which was conducted by him during this period. Athletics were not neglected from 1866 to 1880. Baseball teams were conducted during 1866-69, but no data has been pre- served as to the membership. The baseball team of 1870 was organized with the following officers: S. D. Conant, president; E. T. Smith, vice-president; C. G. Griffith, secretary; F. Z. Kimball, treasurer; G. L. Huntoon, E. T. Smith and W, A. Davis, directors; G. L. Huntoon, captain. The Reveille of 1874 gives a full account of the games that year and states that eight games were played with only one defeat. In this Reveille is also mentioned the fact that the teams of 1871 and 1872 held the state championship. The members of the team of 1874 were: E. J. Ross, captain; R. A. Silver, pitcher; H. A. Cliff ord,^catcher; H. C. Dole, center field; George D. Thomas, shortstop; C. W. Wheeler, second base; H.L. Sherman, left field; J. H. Woodward, third base, and E. S. Marsh right field. During this period games were played in the fall as well as in the spring. The 6X and the Ji'// fraternities flourished in this period. Their lodge rooms were for some time in the village, and later they 168 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. had rooms on the third floor of Jackman Hall. The Reveille of 1874 gives the organization of the Pol^^gon Society; from the symbol of the club one would be led to believe it was a mathe- matical society. No data has been preserved as to the length of its existence or its scope of work. The publishing of the Reveille was begun by Captain Curtis in 1869, and continued at irregular intervals until 1878. Considerable attention was paid to debating and prize speak- ing in this period; rhetorical work Avas required each week. For a few years the exercises were given Saturday morning, and later, Friday afternoon. Dramatic clubs were organized at various times. In 1874, "Neighbor Jackwood, " and the "Loyal Moun- taineers, " were played in Concert Hall for the benefit of the North- field Cornet Band. Musical clubs were conducted at irregular intervals during this period. The Glee club of 1870 was composed of the following members : W. A. D. Davis, G. L. Huntoon, W. P. Clement, A. B. Gilbert, C. S. Jewett, W. L. Stedman, S. D. Conant, and Walter Dole. It will be of great interest to the men of recent years to know that the cadets of the earlier period were guilty of the heinous crime of burning the grass on the Parade. The Reveille of 1874-75 gives a long editorial on the annual appearance of the " fire bug. " The cadets attended chapel each morning and were required to attend the Episcopal church on Sunday, unless excused by the president on the written request of parents or guardian for the attendance at one of the other churches in town. During this period the University became practically an Episcopal Institution. On December 5, 1866, at a meeting of the Diocese of Vermont, held in Vergennes, the following resolution was passed : "Resolved: that we are gratified to learn, since the removal of Norwich University to its present desirable location at Northfield, that it is the purpose of the Trustees to make it more decidedly a Church Institution than ever; and as such, we cordially commend it to the patronage and support of Churchmen generally." In this catalogue a list of six prominent Episcopal clergymen was given as references. The catalogue further states : "Though endorsed as above as an Episcopal College, students of all denominations are treated with the strictest impartiality in every respect." The commencement of 1867 was held during July 28 — August 1. Professor Bourns delivered the Baccalaureate sermon COMMENCEMENTS. 169 Sunday morning, at St. Mary's Episcopal church. On Wednesday, at 3.30 p. M., the junior class gave an exhibition; at 6:30 p. m., the annual meeting of the Associate Alumni and Past Cadets was held. A 8 ?. m. the Boston Brigade Band gave a con- cert which was followed by a torch light drill. At 9 a. m., August 1, the commencement exercises were held in the Methodist church. The orations were given as follows: ''The Soldier: His True Mission and Reward," Seth H. Benson; "Popular Cultivation of Music," Wesley K. Walton; "The Land is Sacred we Love," Myron R. Hurlbut; "War not Opposed to Godliness," with Valedictory, Francis M. Gowdy. Hon. Charles C. Vanzandt of Newport, R. I., read an original poem; Hon. S. B. Colby, register of the U. S. Treasury, Washington, D. C, delivered the commencement oration. Col. C. B. Stoughton, '61, acted as the University marshall. At 2 o'clock p. M., the ceremony of laying the corner stone of Jackman Hall was held. There were no public exercises given at the com- mencements of 1868 and 1869. The commencement of 1870 was held during July 10 — 14. President Howard delivered the Baccalaureate sermon at the Episcopal church, Sunday evening, July 10th. A meeting of the Alumni Association was held on Wednesday at 4 p. m.; Gen. W. W. H. Davis, '42, delivered an oration and at 4:30 p. m., came the annual meeting of the Associate Alumni and Past Cadets. At 8 p. m., a concert was given by the Franklin (N. H.) Brigade Band. The graduating exercises were held at 10 a. m., July 14; Captain H. E. Alvord, '63, acted as the University marshall. The following orations were given: "Make your Mark," Alfred B. Gilbert; "The West a Field for Enterprise," George M. Willard; "Character of Abraham Lincoln," Charles G. Tarbell; "National Honor," Walter Dole. Hon. James Barrett of Woodstock delivered the commencement oration and G. Nelson Brigham, M. D., of Montpelier, read an original poem before the societies. At 3 p. m., exhibition drills were given on the parade. The commencement of 1871 was held during July 12 and 13. On Wednesday at 8 p. m., a concert was given by the Northfield cornet band. At 10 a. m., on Thursday, July 13, the graduating exercises were held at St. Mary's Episcopal church. The follow- ing program was given: "The Future of Our Republic," Samuel D. Conant; "Our Ex-Soldiers: Where are They?" William L. Stedman; "The World's True and False Reformers," James W. 170 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. Swett; ''Modern Warfare," Francis Z. Kimball; "Pleasures of Imagination," Charles G. Griffith; "Our Late War," Waldo P. Clement; "Napoleon and Washington," Stephen H. Campbell; "Courage," William G. Owen. Rev. Malcolm Douglass delivered the oration before the trustees and Rev. William J. Harris of Rutland read an original poem before the societies. At 3 p. m., Methodist Church where many commencements exercises have been held. Gen. William Wells, adjutant -general of Vermont, reviewed and inspected the corps of cadets. From July 7 to 12 was held the commencement of 1872. President Douglass delivered the Baccalaureate sermon Sunday evening. On Tuesday evening, at 8 p. m., the Northfielcl Cornet [commencements 171 Band gave a concert. The graduating exercises were held at St. Mary's church, Friday, July 12, at 11 a. m. The orations were delivered as follows: "College Life," Stephen H. Campbell; "Camp Life," Waldo P. Clement; "The Influence of Modern Arms upon Warfare," William L. Stedman; "The Necessity of Combining Religious with Intellectual Culture," James W. Swett; "American Enterprise," Samuel D. Conant; "Memory," Charles G. Griffith; "Education, the Condition of National Strength," Francis Z. Kimball, (gold medalist). Thomas J. Lasier, '64, delivered the oration before the trustees and Rev. Homer White read an original poem before the societies. The commence- ment exercises of 1873 were held on June 25th. Rev. Mr. Flanders delivered the address before the trustees. The commencement exercises of 1874 were held from June 21 to 25. President Douglass delivered the Baccalaureate sermon. On Wednesday, June 24th, at 8 p. m., a vocal and instrumental concert was given at Concert Hall before the societies. At 9 A. M., June 25, the military exercises were given, Lieut. Dwight H. Kelton, U. S. A., '64, serving as marshall and inspector. The following drills were given: infantry drill, Capt. E. D. Up- ham, commanding; general signal service; inspection and re- view; artillery drill and firing salute, Lieut. C. E. Field com- manding. At 11 A. M., the graduating exercises were held at Concert Hall. The orations were delivered as follows: Salutatory Ad- dress, Charles E. Field; "Slavery," Robert A. Silver; "Labor is Life," Edward D. Upham. Col. Wheelock A. Veazie of Rutland delivered the oration before the trustees. The commencement of 1875 was held from June 30th to July 1. At this commencement was the largest attendance of alumni of any then held in Northfield, as it was quinquennial meeting of the Alumni Associations. On Wednesday evening, at 7 p. M., a meeting of the Alumni was held at Concert Hall. Col. H. O. Kent gave an address on the work of the alumni. At 10 A. M., on July 1, a procession was formed on the Parade and headed by the Northfield Cornet Band marched to Concert Hall, where the graduating exercises were held. The following ora- tions were given: "Courage," Theodore C. Mcllwaine; "Love of Country," George H. D. Thomas; "Ambitions," Frank C. Hatch; "Self Knowledge," William M. Rumbaugh. James A. L. Whittier, '66, delivered the oration before the trustees and Rev. Andrew Hall, D. D., of Montpelier, read an original poem before the i72 isroiiwicH uNivERSiTlr. societies. At 3 p. m., the usual military drills were given on the campus. The alumni meeting was held at 6 p. m. The commence- ment of 1876 was held at Concert Hall. In 1877 the commencement exercises were held in Concert Hall, in June. The salutatory address was delivered by Lieut. B. F. Spaulding, and the valedictory by Lieut. H. C. Dole. R. M. Stephens delivered the class oration. Music was furnished by a Boston quartette. Interesting drills were given in the afternoon. Capt. R. M. Stephens had command of the company and skirmish drills, and Lieut. H. C. Dole the artillery. In 1878, the commencement exercises were held during June 23-27. Rev. F. W. Bartlett, the University chaplain, delivered the Baccalaureate sermon at 4 p. m., Sunday, at the Episcopal church. On Wednesday evening the commencement concert was given at Concert Hall; Mr. Albert H. Knight, the well known dramatist of Chicago, 111., recited. The graduating exercises, at which Captain Curtis presided, were held at Concert Hall at 10.30 a. m., June 27. The following orations were delivered: " Loyalt}^ to Our State," Lieut. John B. Johnson; "Wonders of Science," Frank L. Howe; "Far From Home," Eugene M. Carr; "Sources of National Corruption," Henry L. Fuller; "Lessons from Our History," Frank H. Parker; "A Word for Scientific Education," and the valedictory by Capt. Charles H. Spooner. Rev. Edward R. Atwill, A. M., of Burlington, delivered the annual address before the trustees, and in the afternoon the usual drills were given. In 1879 the exercises came on June 22-26. The Baccalaureate sermon was delivered by the University chaplain. Rev. F. W. Bartlett at 4 p. m., Sunday at the Episcopal church. On Wed- nesday evening. Rev. Walter Mitchell, A. M., of Rutland, delivered the oration before the trustees. Music was furnished by W. F. Baker, '80, W. F. Jones, Walter Dole, and Miss Mattie Dole; Mrs. Mina Gregory Slaj^ton recited. After the exercises the corps of cadets assisted by Company F., Vermont militia, gave a torch light drill and parade. The graduating exercises were held at Concert Hall, at 10.30 A. M., June 26. Orations were delivered as follows: Latin oration, "Quam Quisque Noret Artem in Hac se Exerceat," Charles H. Spooner; "What We Gained by the Civil War," E. M. Carr; Recitation in German, "Erlenkcenig," W. H. Wilmarth; Oration, "A Mad and Destructive Conflict for Fame," and the vale- dictory, John B. Johnson. COMMENCEMENTS. 173 The drills began at 3 p. m., and were given as follows: In- fantry drill and bayonet exercise, Lieut. E. M. Carr; broadsword drill, Prof. W. M. Rumbaugh; artillery drill, Capt. John B. John- son. An interesting feature of commencement this year was the display of drawings and the drafting work executed by the cadets. An especially fine piece of work was the topographical survey of a portion of the Dog River Valley. An enthusiastic alumni meeting was held Thursday evening; and following this meeting Captam and Mrs. Curtis gave a reception to the alumni and friends of the University at their home on Central street. The cadets' hop was held at the old hotel at the Center. During this period the commencement hops were given at the Old Northfield House. Here also were held several of the alumni meetings. In March, 1879, the hotel was burned and after that date the hops were usually given in the Governor Paine block. CHAPTER VI. Lewis College, 1880-84. Critical Period — Colonel Lewis Offers Aid — Legislative Act — Change of Name of the L'niversity — Colonel Lewis' Letter — Belknap Litigation — State Aid — Old Name of the University Restored — Fac- ulty — Entrance Requirements — Courses of Study — Expenses — Ath- letics — Reveille — Junior Exhibitions — Graduating Exercises — Drills — Hops. In 18S0; the financial affairs of the University were in a critical condition. During the summer vacation a special effort was made to get new students, but with very little success. On the opening of the fall term on September 2d, the corps numbered but a dozen. Professor Johnson writes : "These were very trying times, for the University had no endowment nor income of any kind, except about two hundred dollars a year from the militia pay allowed hj the State; and the scanty fees collected from the cadets, a large part of whom were either on scholarships or were town cadets, receiving reduced rates. The professors paid the running expenses and divided the remainder and got along as best they could through the fall term; but they all recognized the fact that unless help was shortly received from some source, the glorious old institution, with its wealth of military renown, must close its doors before another term. An appeal was made to the alumni, but met with no response. " The heroic work of the faculty, holding together in that critical time and striving to keep the University alive, should awaken in the breast of every alumnus and past cadet, the greatest admiration. At this critical time Col. Charles H. Lewis of the class of 1855, then a successful business man in Boston, was appealed to for aid, and he liberally responded. |[In the fall of 1884 several of the trustees, feeling something must be done, secured the passage of the following act by the state legislature changing the name of the University to Lewis College in honor of Colonel Lewis. The legislative act was as follows : COLOXEL lewis' LETTER. 175 "An Act to Change the Name of the Norwich University. It is hereby enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Vermont: Sec. 1. An act entitled 'An Act incorporating and establishing the Norwich University at Norwich, in Windsor County,' passed November 6, 1834, is hereby so amended that said corporation shall be known and called by the name of Lewis College. Sec. 2. This act shall take effect and the same shall be accepted by a vote of the Trustees of saiil Norwich University, at a meeting duly called for that purpose. Approved December 10, 1180." On December 20, 1880, Colonel Lewis wrote the following letter to Colonel Fred E. Smith, Secretary of the Board of Trustees : Boston, December 20, 1880. Col. Fred E. Smith, Secretary, Norwich University, Montpelier, Vermont. Sir:— Having caused to be made a thorough canvass of the New England States and New York, for the raising of funds to move Norwich University back to Norwich, Vermont, and not meeting with the success expected, certainly means that the Alumni will not come to its rescue, and Norwich University can only live as an institution of the past, a sad commentary on the glorious old "N. U." Let it cease to exist, and not in its old age be- come such a tramp, such were the feelings of some of her graduates who re- quested me to join them taking its old charter and changing its name to Lewis College. The legislature have just given the authority, subject to the approval of the trustees of the University, who are to meet at Northfield, Vermont, December 21, 1880. Should the change be ratified by the trustees, I hereby agree to pay the professors and instructors not to exceed six in num- ber, for a term of two years, and agree within six months from date that there shall not be less than fifty paying cadets on the roll of the college. Should we have more cadets than the present barracks will accommodate, I will build another buikling equal to the one now built, conditioned that the citizens of Northfield remove the encumbrance now upon the barracks built. So soon as these two buildings are occupied, I will build a museum building and place in it specimens of minerals and ores, from every state and territory in the Union, and place a professor over the department of Mining and Metalurgj'. When the number of cadets equal one hundred, I will give the college twenty-five thousand dollars. I intend at once to create a fund for the establishment of scholarshi|)s that will make the college self-sustaining. With your helpful co-operation, gentlemen, I feel confident that the outgrowth from old "N. U." will grow to be one of the great institutions of learning that we'll all feel proud of and that the mantle of old N. U. did not fall on unworthy shoulders. I am gentlemen, vcrj' respectfully. Your Obedient Servant, Charles 11. Lewis. 176 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. On December 21, 1880, Dr. George Nichols explained to the trustees the advisability of changing the name of the University and securing the aid offered by Colonel Lewis. After some dis- cussion it was voted to adjourn until December 31. At this meet- ing Dr. Nichols and other members of the board urged the accep- tance of the change of the name of the Institution; and after a prolonged discussion, the trustees voted to accept the act of the legislature and secure the aid of Colonel Lewis. This change of name was received b}^ the alumni and past cadets with great disfavor. The board of trustees and Colonel Lewis were severely criticised. It would doubtless have been better, in the light of subsequent events, if the old name had re- mained, even if Colonel Lewis had withdrawn his offer; but there is no evidence to show that Colonel Lewis would have refused the aid if the name of the University had not been changed. It was doubtless the fact that the gentlemen who approached him for aid offered to change the name of the University to Lewis College if he would help the Institution. The reasons for the removal of the University to Northfield were not fully understood by the alumni, had they been, there is no doubt but their co-operation could easily have been secured. As has been stated before, the people of Nor- wich took very little interest in retaining the Institution in their town and had it not been for the enterprise of the citizens' com- mittee of Northfield, the University would in all probability have ceased to exist. The criticism of the alumni was unjust; they had been approached for aid and had refused to give it. The situation was critical and something had to be done at once to keep the Institution alive. Colonel Lewis was the only friend able or willing to give assistance and instead of criticising him the alumni should have aided him and given him all possible support. Prof. Charles Dole, under title of Secretary of the Faculty, became the virtual president, as President Lewis was only able to be present at the University at irregular intervals. President Lewis and his advisers made many improvements. There was only one general course, the Scientific, which gave a fair education in Civil Engineering, and general culture. Courses were added in Mining Engineering, Chemistry and Physics, Metallurgy, Science, Literature, and Arts. The Civil Engineering course was greatly strengthened. In 1882, occured several unpleasant incidents connected with the Perley Belknap claim. As was stated in Chapter V., the Uni- versity settled his claim by giving two mortgage notes. On Octo- LEWIS COLLEGE. 177 ber 1, 1877, a decree was rendered by court of chancery in his foreclosure suit against the University; and on October 1, 1878, this decree became absolute. From this time until 1882, Mr. Belknap asserted his right to use the University property. The cadets of 1882 will remember with what vigor they dug up the potato patch he had planted on the campus, and in other ways prevented the turning of the beloved Parade into a garden. Mr. Belknap died on August 30, 1882, and the matter rested until September 28, 1889, when Dr. P. D. Bradford, as administrator of Mr. Belknap's estate, deeded the University buildings and land to J. K. Egerton, George Nichols and Frank Plumley. In the fall of 1882 the work of grad- ing the hill was vigorously carried on. In 1883, Colonel Lewis met with serious business reverses, and was unable to carry out his plans for the advancement of the University. He had, however, spent several thousand dollars in the improvement of the grounds, barracks, and the payment of the salaries of the professors. Professor Johnson writes : "This caused much anxiety and suffering among the faculty, who were all poor men with families to support. They were obliged once more to de- pend upon the slender income of the college, and the share of each ran down for about two years to the meager sum of $170. They manfully held to- gether, however, and maintained the standard of the University to the best of their ability. To their self-sacrifice during this Valley Forge of its existence, the University now owes its very life.' ' Dr. Clarence L. Hathaway, '69, was elected vice-president, December 31, 1880, and served until his resignation on June 20, 1883. He contributed much time and money in the interests of the Institution. In 1883, there was a move to change the name of the Uni- versity back to its old name, and to seek a new location. At a meeting of the alumni in New York, on March 28, of this year, a committee of wliich General Dodge, '51, was chairman, was ap- pointed to solicit funds from the alumni and past cadets. Dr. C. L. Hathaway, '69, was appointed to see what Brattle- boro, or some other towns in southern Vermont would give to aid the University, pro\aded $25,000 was raised b}- the alumni. Vice- president Hathaway wrote Col. George W. Hooker in regard to the matter and considerable interest was shown in Brattleboro in regard to securing the Institution. Thomas A. Edison became interested in the proposition of founding an Electrical Depart- ment. After some agitation, no definite conclusions were reached, and the matter of a removal was dropped. Col. F. V. Randall of Northfield, a distinguished officer of the Civil War, and an able 178 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. lawyer, was elected vice-president, June 20, 1883, and held the position until his death March 1, 1885. At the commencement of 1884, occurred the semi-centennial anniversary of the incorporation of the University. On Wednes- day, June 16, enthusiastic alumni meetings were held. An effort was made to start an endowment fund. Professor Johnson writes : "A very healthy endowment boom was started at commencement, and something might have been done had not the meeting called for the purpose in the afternoon been literally talked out of existence by a cranky alumnus from a distant state. Prominent friends with strong speeches and heavy pocket-books were obliged to leave the hall before this filibuster could be squelched, and so the much needed endowment movement ended for the time in disgust." In the fall of 1884, it was again determined to try to secure aid from the state. The University had now become thoroughly non-sectarian, and it was believed the legislature would look with favor upon the Institution, that had done so much for the state in the past. Dr. W. B. Mayo, who represented Northfield in the liouse of representatives, ably assisted by Colonel Randall, Rev. I. P. Booth, and others, secured the passage, on November 25, 1884, of an act by which the state pledged itself to pay the tuition and room rent of one cadet, to be appointed by each senator from his own county, when possible. This act by the legislature was hailed with joy by the friends of the University all over the country, as it was looked upon as a recognition by the state of its partial debt to her for her iDrilliant war service, as well as a financial con- tribution of substantial proportions. The University by this act be- came a state institution. It was fully a year before the new act became operative, but the friends of the University were buoyed up by high hopes of a bright future. On October 24, 1884, the old name of the University was restored by the act of the legislature. On March 25, 1885, Dr. George Nichols, was elected vice-president and served until July 18, 1895. Professor Dole served during this period as professor of Rhet- oric, History, English Literature and Political Economy. Pro- fessor Rumbaugh served as professor of Drawing 1880-86, Civil Engineering, 1880-82, Architecture, 1881-82, Topographical Engi- neering, 1881-86 and commandant 1880-86. Professor Johnson continued as the professor of Mathematics and Astronomy, Mining Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering, 1881-83; Dr. Philander THE FACULTY. 179 D. Bradford continued as the professor of Physiology and Hygiene; Rev. F. W. Bartlett, A. M., resigned as professor of Latin and Greek on June 15, 1882. In 1881, Professor Frederick W. Grube, A. M., a graduate of the Universities of Dublin, Bonn and Paris, was elected professor of the Modern Languages, and held the position until January, 1882, when he resigned. In 1883, Prof. Louis Habel, A. M., Ph. D., a graduate of the University of Bonn, Germany, and for some time a first assistant of the chemical laboratories of that institution, was elected professor of Chemistry, Physics, Metallurgy and the Modern Languages. He had taught for some time at the University of Vienna, Austria. He proved a most capable in- structor. He soon strengthened the chemical course and added new equipment. The chemical laboratory was moved into the large room on the first floor, of Jackman Hall, at the front of the building, and east of the north and south hall. In 1880, Prof. Asa Howe, of the class of 1843, a prominent civil engineer, was secured as professor of Field Engineering. He did much to strengthen the course and gave the cadets much practical work in the field. Rev. I. P. Booth, A. M., pastor of the Universalist church in Northfield, was elected professor of Latin and Greek, August 2, 1883. Vice- president Hathaway, M. D., served as professor of Anatomy, Physiology, and Hygiene from 1881 until his resignation in 1883. He then continued as lecturer of H3^giene until 1886. Prof. Hiram A. Cutting, the distinguished geologist, served as lecturer on Natural Sciences and Geology during this period. Hon. George N. Carpenter, A. M., a native of Northfield, served as lec- turer on Commercial Ethics, during this period. Vice-president Randall lectured on International and Military Law from 1883 until his death. The attendance for the years 1881-84 was thirty-eight; of this number seventeen were graduates. The following require- ments for admission given in the catalogue of 1881-82, prac- tically remained unchanged during the period: "All candidates for admission to the college must be at least fifteen years of age, and must present satisfactory evidence of good moral character. For the Courses in Science and Civil Engineering, Mining Engineering, Chemistry and Physics, Metallurgy, Science and Literature, candidates will be examined in the following studies: Mathematics. Arithmetic; Algebra, through simple equa- tions; Geometry, four books of Davie's Legendre, or its equiva- lent. 180 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. English Language. Grammar; Composition, with special attention to punctuation and the use of capitals. Geography. Physical and Political Geography. History. History of the United States. Latin. Allen and Greenough's, or Harkness' Latin Gram- mar, and Latin Prose Composition; Caesar's Commentaries, books 1-3, or their equivalents, or, in place of Latin, the candidate may offer: French. Grammar; translation of French at sight; the translation of English into French. Or, German. Grammar; translation of German at sight; the translation of English into German. Or, Advanced Mathematics, such as may be acceptable to the Faculty. Graduates from high schools will be admitted without ex- amination, and their ability to continue in the course they enter will be determined by the examination at the close of the first term. Candidates not fully prepared in all the requirements, may be conditioned, and special assistance will be given them by the professors in making up the deficiencies. Course in Arts. In addition to the examinations in Mathematics, English Language, Geography and History, laid down for the courses in Science, examinations for the course in Arts will be as follows : Latin. Caesar's Commentaries, four books, or Sallust's Cataline; Virgil's Aeneid, six books; Cicero, four orations. Greek. Xenophon's Anabasis, four books or one hundred pages Goodwin's Greek Reader; Homer's Iliad, two books. Candidates for advanced standing will be examined in all the previous studies of the course ; and if they come from another institution, will present certificates of honorable dismission. Candidates not applicants for a degree, will be allowed to go into the classes for which they are fitted and pursue a special course. courses of study. isl Courses of Study, 1881-84. Regular Courses. First Year. (All Courses except in Arts); Algebra, Geo- metry, Trigonometry, plane and spherical; General Chemistry; French, German or Latin; Rhetoric; History, Greece and Rome; Drawing, freehand and geometrical. Military Instruction — in- fantry drill and sword and bayonet exercise. Science and Civil Engineering. Second Year. Analytic Geometry; Descriptive Geometry; Differential Calculus; Surveying, theory and practice; Leveling, field practice; Shades and Shadows, theory and drawing; Per- spective and Topographical; French or German; Composition and Elocution. JMilitary Instruction — infantry drill, sword and bayonet exercise, and lectures on the customs of the service. Third Year. Integral Calculus; Mechanics of solids, fluids, gases and molecules, practical appliances; Geology, structural, dynamical and historical; French or German; Logic; Commercial Law; Constitutional History; Topography, field practice and drawing; Lectures on Anatomy and Physiology. Military In- struction — infantry and artillery drill, guard and outpost duty, and lectures on military subjects. Fourth Year. Natural Philosophy, acoustics and optics, Astronomy, descriptive, physical and spherical; Hydrography, machine drawing and structural drawing; Civil Engineering, theory, roads, bridges, tunnels, canals, strength of material, practical operations, use of level and theodolite, leveling for section and working; Architecture, drawings; French or German; Lectures on Hygiene; Political Economy, Constitutional Law; Thesis Work. Military Instruction — infantry and artillery drill, art of war and engineering. Mining Engineering. Second Year. Analytic Geometry; Descriptive Geometry; Differential Calculus; Surveying, theory and practice; Drawing; Perspective and Topographical; Physics, lectures; French or German; Composition and Elocution; Physical Geography; Qualitative and Quantitative Chemical Analysis, laboratory work; , Blow-pipe analysis; Crystallography and Determinative Mineralogy. 182 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. Third Year. Integral Calculus; Mechanics, statics, dyna- mics and kinematics; Physics, lectures and laboratory work; Geology and Lithology; Quantitative Chemical Analysis; Min- ing Engineering; Assaying; Constitutional History; French or German; Lectures on Anatomy and Physiology. Fourth Year. Mechanics completed; Hydrography; ma- chine drawing and structural drawing; Building Materials; Mining Laboratory, work upon gold, silver, copper and other ores in quantity; Quantitative Chemical Analysis; Metallurgy, lectures; Ore-Dressing, lectures; Political Economy; Constitutional Law; Thesis work; Lectures on Hygiene. Military Instruction throughout this course the same as in Course I. Chemistry and Physics. Second Year. Analytical Geometry; Descriptive Geometry; Differential Calculus; Physics, lectures; Drawing; French or German; Physical Geography; Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis, lectures and laboratory work; Blow-Pipe Analysis; Crystallography and Determinative Mineralogy; Composition and Elocution. Third Year. Integral Calculus; General Physics, optics and acoustics; Chemical Philosophy; Quantitative Analysis, laboratory work; Industrial Chemistry; Physical Laboratory; French or German; Constitutional History; Lectures on Anatomy and Physiology. Fourth Year. Applied Mechanics; General Physics; Elec- tricity; Acoustics and Optics; Organic Chemistry; Chemical Laboratory, chemical application of physics; Metallurgy; Prin- ciples of Scientific Investigation; Political Economy; Consti- tutional Law; Thesis work; Lectures on Hygiene. Military Instruction throughout this course the same as in Course I. Metallurgy. Second Year. Analytical Geometry; Descriptive Geometry ; Physics ; Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis; Blow-Pipe Analy- sis; Crystallography and Determinative Mineralogy; Physical Geography and Dynamical Geology; Drawing; French or German; Composition and Elocution. Third Year. Chemical Philosophy; Physics; Quantitative Analysis; Industrial Chemistry; Lithology and Geology; His- COURSES OF STUDY, 183 torical Geology; Assaying; Drawing; French or German; Con- stitutional History; Lectures on Anatomy and Physiology. Fourth Year. Metallurgy and Ore-Dressing; Metallur- gical Laboratory, work upon gold, silver, copper and other ores in quantity; Quantitative Analysis, laboratory work; Drawing; Building Materials; Applied Physics; Political Economy; Thesis work; Lectures on Hygiene. Military Instruction throughout this course the same as in Course L Science and Literature. Second Year. Analytic Geometry; Descriptive Geometry; Surveying, theory and practice; German, French or Latin; English History and Literature; Leveling, field practice; Draw- ing; shades and shadows; Perspective and Topographical Draw- ing. Third Year. French or German; Logic; Constitutional History; Geology; Commercial Law; International Law; His- tory of the Roman Empire; Physics; Composition and Elocution; Lectures on Anatomy and Physiology. Fourth Year. French or German; Political Economy; Medi- aeval and Modern History; Literature and Oratory; Constitu- tional Law; History of Philosophy; Philosophy of History; Thesis work; Lectures on Hygiene. Military Instruction throughout this course the same as in Course I. Course in Arts. First Year. Greek; Latin; Geometry; Algebra; Trigonom- etry; General Chemistry; Freehand and Geometrical Drawing; Composition and Elocution. Second Year. Greek; Latin; Analytical Geometry; Sur- veying, theory and practice; English History and Literature; Leveling, field practice; Drawing, Perspective and Topographical. Third Year. (Greek and Latin, Elective) ; French or Ger- man; Geology; Logic; Physics; (elective studies, Constitutional History, Commercial Law, International Law, History of the Roman Empire); Composition and Elocution; Lectures on Anatomy and Physiology. Fourth Year. (Greek and Latin, elective) ; French or Ger- man; Political Economy; Constitutional Law; (elective studies, Literature and Oratory, Constitutional Law, Mediaeval and Mod- 184 NORWICH UNIVERSIT1. ern History; History of Philosophy; Philosophy of History;) Thesis Work; Lectures on Hygiene. Military Instruction throughout this course the same as in Course I. The military organization was continued in this period practi- cally in as 1878-80. There was no change in the uniform; during this period the encampments were discontinued. The entire University expense was $300 a year; if a cadet roomed alone an additional charge of thirty dollars was made. The University furnish- ed the furniture, / but the cadets were required to supply themselves with the necessary bedding. Cadet • musicians had their tuition remitted. During this period, Profes- sor Charles Dole continued his boarding hall for the cadets. There was very little attention paid to athletics until January 19, 1884, when the Lewis Col- lege Baseball As- sociation was or- ganized with the following officers : president, T. H. Nickerson, '84; vice-president, C. K. Mellen, '84; secretary, F. R. Belknap, '85; treasurer P. M. Fletcher, '87. A committee, consist- ing of C. K. Mellen, F. R. Belknap and A. J. Ranney, was appointed to draft a Constitution and By-laws. At the meeting of the Asso- ciation held on April 17, 1885, the membership of the team was selected as follows: C. K. Mellen, '84, captain; P. M. Fletcher, '87, assistant captain; F. R. Belknap, '85, scorer; C. H. Nichols, '86, umpire; P. M. Fletcher, '87, catcher; T. H. Nickerson, '84, pitcher; C. K. Mellen, '84, 1st base; C. H. Nichols, '86, 2d base; Artillery Drill in the Eighties. BACCALAUREATE SERMONS JUNIOR EXHIBITION. 185 H. D, Stewart, 3d base; A. J. Ranney, shortstop; C. E. Austin, '87, left field; W. E. Hassam, '87, center field; F. R. Belknap, right field. The publishing of the Reveille was resumed in January, 1882, and was continued during this period. In the winter of 1882-83, a Cadet Theatrical Club was formed and on February 21st and 22d, presented the play "The Spy of Atlanta," at Concert Hall. The proceeds were for the benefit of the library. The officers of the Association were : George R. Miner, '84, presi- dent; H. D. Stewart, '86, secretary; C. K. ^lellen, '84, treasurer; N. L. Sheldon, '84, agent. On March 14th and loth the Asso- ciation presented the "Cool Collegians" and "Class Day" at Concert Hall, the following cadets taking part: F. R. Belknap, '85; C. K. Mellen, '84; F. S. Parker, '84; T. II. Xickerson, '84; E. H. Prince, '86; N. L. Sheldon, '84; R. W. Stewart, '86. The cadets were required to attend chapel exercises each morning, and on Sunday one of the five churches in town. The Baccalaureate sermons for this period were delivered as follows: Rev. William S. Hazen, at the Congregational church, June 11, 1882; Rev. I. P. Booth, at the Universalist church Sunday afternoon June 17, 1883; Rev. Walter Dole, '70, at the Universalist church, June 15, 1884. On Wednesday, June 15, 1882, at 8 p. m., was held the junior exhibition; Professor Dole presided. The following programme was given: oration, "Tariff," by James M. Holland; declamation, "Unjust National Acquisitions," by H. E. Thayer; oration, "Monopolies," T. H. Nickerson; declamation "The Last Hours of Socrates," C. K. Mellen; declamation, "Death- bed of Benedict Arnold," H. B. Hersey; Mrs. Mina Gregory Slayton, recited and music was furnished by the Northfield quar- tette. The junior exhibition of 1883, was held at Concert Hall, Wednesday, June 20th at 8 p. m. The following programme was given; declamation, "A True Hero," by C. K. Mellen; declama- tion, "Pyramids, not all Egyptian," by M. L. Chandler; dec- lamation, "The Curse of Regulus," by H. B. Hersey; oration, "Tendencies — Political, Religious and Social," by F. S. Parker; oration, "The Citizen Soldier, " bj^ N. L. Sheldon. The junior exhibition of 1884, was held at Concert Hall at 8 p. M., Tuesday, June 17. The programme was as follows: oration, "Evils of War," Fred T. Egerton; declamation, "Mutual Relation and Dependence," by Charles H. Nichols; oration, 186 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. "Similarity in the Character of Great Men," Earl H. Prince; declamation, " Parrhasius and the Captive, " by Roland W. Stewart oration, "Benefactors of Mankind," by Fred R. Belknap. Music was furnished by John W. Jones of Northfield and Mrs. Mina Gregory Slay ton of Chicago. In 1884, the custom of holding class day exercises was begun, l)ut for some time were private. In 1881, the commencement exercises began at the Univer- salist church, Wednesday evening, June 22. The annual address before the trustees was delivered by Colonel George N. Carpenter, his subject being "The Essentials of Culture." Vice-president C. L. Hathaway, '69, presided and gave a brief address. The graduating exercises were given at the Concert Hall, June 23. Vice-president Hathaway presided. The Salutatory address and oration, " What we Owe the Sword," was delivered by Lieut. Marshall D. Smith. The class oration was delivered by Lieut. Henry M. Jones, his subject being " American Indus- try." The Valedictory address and oration, " Inspiration, the Benefactor of Womankind," was delivered by Capt. William H. Wilmarth. Fred W. Webber of Montpelier read an original poem, "Sampson's Riddle"; music was furnished by the Northfield cornet band. An Alumni meeting was held in the afternoon, at which resolutions were passed endorsing the action of the. trustees in changing the name of the Institution to Lewis College. The drills came at 3 p. m., as follows: l^ayonet drill, under com- mand of Lieut. M. D. Smith; sabre drill, Lieut. H. M. Jones; artillery drill, Capt. W. H. Wilmarth. The graduating exercises of 1882 were held on Thursday at 10:30 A. M.,June 15 at Concert Hall. President Lewis presided. Cadet Captain George W. Hobbs delivered the class oration and Hon. Charles H. Reed, the annual address before the trustees, his subject being "Individuality the Basis of True Citizenship," Capt. George W. Hobbs, '58, read an original poem. In 1883, the graduating exercises were held at 10 a. m., June 21st, at Concert Hall. \'ice-president Hathaway presided. The cadet orators were : Capt. Wilbur C. Howe and Lieut. George R. Miner; Lieut. James M. Holland delivered the Valedictory address and Rev. J. Edward Wright of Montpelier the annual address before the trustees. The drills came at 3 p. m., as follows: bayonet and sabre drills, Lieut. James M. Holland; broadsword fencing, Lieut. George R. Miner; artillery drill, Capt. W. C. Howe. A competitive artiller}- drill was given between the alumni COMMEXCEMENTS. 187 and cadets. Gun No. 1 was manned by the cadets, and gun No. 2 by the alumni. The commencement exercises of 1884 were held at 10 a. m., June 9th, at Concert Hall. Vice-president Randall presided. Capt. T. H. Nickerscm delivered the Salutatory address and Capt.'"C. K. Mellen^ the Valedictory: ^the class orators were. The University, from the East. Lieut. N. L. .Slieldnn and V. S. Parker; Col. George N. Carpenter delivered the annual atldress. The drills were given as follows: infantry drill, Capt. T. H. Nickerson; sabre and bayonet drills Lieut. C. K. Mellen; artillery drill, Lieut. N. L. Sheldon. During 1882-84, the cadet hops were given in Armory Hall. The music in 1882 and 188"^ was furnished l)y the Gilson & Cush- raan Orchestra and in 18S4 l)y Carter's Orchesra of Boston. Suppers were served at the Xorthfield House. CHAPTER VII. Norwich University, 1885-1911. Restoration of the Old Name, Norwich University — Resignation OF Professor Dole — Professor Wait, Executive Officer — Course of Study Enlarged — Detail of an Army Officer — Professor Brill Ap- pointed Superintendent — Boston Alumni Association — Mess Hall — Endowment Fund — Belknap Litigation — Dodge Hall — President Lewis Resigns^State Aid— ^New York Alumni Association — General O. O. Howard Becomes a Trustee — Purchase of Land — Administration OF President Brown — Battle of Manila Bay — Board of Visitors Appointed — Dewey Hall — Dewey Celebration in Northfield — - ScHoit- arships Founded — Dodge Fund — Drill Hall — Dewey Day — Alumni Hall — Administration of President Spooner — Carnegie Hall — Weather Bureau Building — Faculty — Attendance — Entrance Re- quirements — Courses of Study — Text Books — Degrees — Prizes and Medals — Library — Summer Schools — Military Organization — Uni- forms — Encampments and Marches — Austin Trophy — Expenses — Ath- letics — Fraternities and Clubs — Debates — Sheldon Contests — Musi- cal Clubs — Cadet Band — Religious Work — Baccalaureate Sermons — • Class Day Exercises — Junior Exhibitions — Graduating Exercises- Corporation Dinners — Commencement Drills — Concerts — Hops. This period opened with bright prospects. Upon the restora- tion of the name, Norwich Universit}^, the alumni began to take greater interest in its welfare. The active management of the University continued in the hands of Professor Dole, until 1886. The first necessity was a larger attendance; and on September 17, 1885, Rev. I. P. Booth was appointed agent to secure new students. Rev. Mr. Booth worked with great zeal, materially increasing the attendance. On September 1, 1885, a Preparatory department was es- tablished. For some time classes had been formed for cadets not fully prepared to do the work, and on this date the trustees voted to advertise the department, which was conducted until 1890. On September 1, 1885 it was also voted that the faculty maintain an organization and that regular meetings be held and records be kept. In 1886, the University suffered a severe blow in the loss of three of her professors: Prof. Charles Dole resigned to engage U. S. WEATHER BUREAU — DETAIL OF U. S, ARMY OFFICER. 189 in business; Prof. W. M. Rumbaugh resigned to enter the employ of the Western Electric Company of New York, and Dr. Louis Habel, the learned and able chemist, died September 8, 1886. In September, Prof. John C. Wait was appointed professor of Civil Engineering and commandant, and in the winter was made superintendent, having full charge of the management under Dr. George Nichols, acting president. Professor Wait resigned in August, 1887, much to the regret of the University officials. He proved a capable instructor, an able manager, and did much to strengthen the academic work. The Civil Engineering course was greatly enlarged and modernized. The course in arts, which had been allowed to go down in the poverty of the Institution, was reinstated to the satisfaction of the graduates. A course in Architecture was also added, but not proving popular, was dropped in 1891. In the fall of 1886, the U. S. Government gave its first offi- cial recognition to the University in establishing a Weather Bureau office on the Hill. This was brought about through the active work of the trustees and Professor Wait. In December of this year, Sergt. H. J. Cox, came to the University as the ob- server. The large room on the south side of the second floor of Jackman Hall, east of the north and south hall, was fitted up as a station, and on March 1, 1887, it was opened for the work of the Bureau. On August 21, 1886, Col. H. O. Kent and Hiram Atkins of Montpelier were appointed to procure equipment from the War Department. The second official recognition of the University by the U. S. Government was the detail of an army officer as commandant. This recognition was secured by Professor Wait with the co-operation of Gen. G. M. Dodge, '51, Dr. W. B. Mayo, Hon. Frank Plumley, Dr. George Nichols and others. This detail meant much, as the Government recognition was one of the factors that placed the University on a permanent basis. On February 16, 1887, Adj. Gen. R. C. Drum, U. S. A., issued an order detailing Lieut. Edward H. Catlin of the 2d Artillery as commandant. General Drum proved a warm friend of the University. He had served with Col. Truman B. Ransom, '25, in the Mexican War, and was a great admirer of that most gallant officer. On several occasions he paid glowing tributes to the worth of Colonel Ransom, stating that he was one of the ablest officers of the army. In September, 1887, Lieutenant Catlin assumed the duties of commandant and from this date 1 <)0 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. the Military department of the University has been under the charge of an army officer, excepting for a brief period during the Spanish-American War. On June 14, 1886, it was voted by the trustees to have one of the professors room in the barracks and have supervision of the discipline in the absence of the commandant. This arrangement continued until the end of the year 1895-96, when the adjutant was given charge of the discipline, as a representative of the commandant. On August 5, 1887, Prof. C. C. Brill, was appointed super- intendent and executive officer, having in charge the administra- tion of the affairs of the University, under Dr. George Nichols Depot Square, Northfield. and Prof. Charles Dole, acting presidents. This arrangement continued until President Brown assumed his office in 1896. In August, 1887, the trustees voted to elect members of the board for a term of years, antl also to allow the General Alumni Association representation on the board. This year the physical and chemical apparatus owned by Professor Habel was secured, greatly increasing the efficienc}- of the Chemical department. In 1888, the trustees took further action toward securing the co-operation of the alumni by requesting the General Association to present the names of five graduates to be elected trustees. On February 5, 1889, the first meeting of the Boston Alumni Association was held at the Quincy House, and from this date the association has had a continued existence. It has done much MESS HALL ENDOWMENT FUND. 191 to promote the interests of the University. In the spring of this year a fiag pole was presented by Gen. E. M. Carr, 79. In June, it was voted to establish a mess hall and require all the cadets to board there. It was conducted in Professor Dole's house at the Center during 1889-90, and at the old hotel at the Center, 1890-99. In this last year Professor Dole was appointed commissary and conducted it until 1903, when the cadets were allowed to board at their Fraternity houses and in town. On June 26, 1889, the trustees revived the office of marshall and Col. Frank L. Howe, '80, was appointed to the position,which he has held to date. On June 26, 1889, a committee, consisting Central Street, looking North. of Col. H. O. Kent, '54, Col. George W. Hooker and Dr. W. B. Mayo, was appointed to secure the services of an active President; but nothing definite was accomplished until 1896. At the annual meeting of the General Alumni Association, held at the University Chapel, June 26, 1889, the necessity of an endowment fund was discussed. The alumni present generously subscribed SI TOO. Thus was begun the first permanent endow- ment fund of the University. Prof. J. B. Johnson, 79, was elected treasurer of the fund and from that date has taken an active interest in the work. It is interesting to follow the growth of the fund from the small beginning of 1889, to the substantial sum of 1911. The Boston Alumni Association took hold of the matter with vigor and interested several parties. At the meeting of that 192 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. association in Boston on February,?, 1890, the fund project was discussed, and General Dodge, '51, who was present at the meeting, made a substantial donation. From time to time small donations have been added to the fund. On June 20, 1908, Capt. Curtis S. Barrett, of the class of 1863, and a prosperous business man of Cleveland, Ohio, died, willing the University $100,000, which was turned over to the University treasurer July 7, 1909. This mag- nificient gift has done much to awaken the interest of the alumni and friends of the Institution and has paved the way for more substantial gifts. View from Jackman Hall, looking North. On June 26, 1889, the Perley Belknap claim on the University was presented to the board for their action. Hon. Frank Plumley, John P. Davis and Dr. Edwin Porter, were appointed to investi- gate the matter, and if possible pay the claim. On September 28, 1889, at 2 P.M., the property was sold at auction on the common by Sheriff E. W. Howe. The property had been widely adver- tised as a suitable site for a school, and on the day of the sale a gen- tleman from out of the state came for the purpose of buying the property. Dr. W. B. Mayo was detailed to show him the ground, with orders to take all the time necessary. While the gentleman was inspecting the grounds and viewing the scenery, the sale was rushed through, much to the chagrin of the would-be purchaser, who arrived a few minutes after the sale was closed. boDGE Hall — belknap litigation. 193 Mr. Joseph K. Egerton bid off the property subject to a mort- gage, which had been given a Mrs. Edson, of Randolph, by Mr. Belknap. On .September 28, 1889, Dr. P. D. Bradford, adminis- trator of the Belknap estate, deeded the property to Mr. J. K. Eger- ton, Hon. Frank Plumley and Dr. George Nichols. Mr. Egerton was appoionted by the trustees to raise the money to pay for the property. The citizens of the town and several of the alumni liberally responded and the debt was paid, all but the mortgage due Mrs. Edson. On June 13, 1891, Mr. J. K. Egerton, Hon. Frank Plumle}-, and Dr. Nichols, deeded the property to the Uni- versit}'. After many delaj^s Mrs. Edson 's claim was paid in 1903. Birds-eye View of Northfield. At the meeting of the Boston Alumni Association on January 3, 1891, several important matters pertaining to the University were discussed. Gen. G. M. Dodge, '51. attended this meeting and offered to assist in starting an Electrical Engineering Course. Prof. J. B. Johnson, 79, urged the erection of a recitation building to accommodate the increased number of students. Gen. Dodge, acting on this suggestion, offered to contribute the necessary funds for the new building. On Feb. 14, 1891, :\lr. G. H. Guernsey of Montpelier presented the plans for this building to the trustees; and on this date a building conmiittee, consisting of Hon. Frank Plumley, iMr. J. K. Egerton and Prof. J. B. Johnson, was ap- pointed to have full charge of the construction work. On ^lay 6, 194 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. Dr. George Nichols and Dr. Edwin Porter were added to the committee. In the spring the grading of the grounds arovmd Jackman Hall, which had been carried on at irregular intervals for several years, was completed. The knoll, once the tried friend of the cadet, was removed. Most of the work of grading was con- tributed by the farmers of the town. On commencement da}' June 25, 1891, the corner stone was laid with appropriate cere- monies, by Gov. C. S. Page. The building was completed in the summer of 1892 and named Dodge Hall in honor of it's donor. The basement has been used for the chemical laboratories to date, and the large rooms on the first and second floors for recitation rooms. Park at the Center Village. From 1892 until 1902, thelai'ge room on the second floor was used for a chapel and is now used as a lecture room. The large room on the west side of the third floor was used for the library until 1902. At present the third floor is used for the drafting classes. On June 30, 1892, Col. C. H. Lewis, '55, resigned as president. He had only held the position in a nominal way since 1883, taking no part in the executive work of the Institution. In the fall of 1892, the legislature was again appealed to for aid. The other colleges of the state were receiving $2400 a year for scholarships, and Norwich only S1500. On November 21, the legislature passed an act providing for thirty scholarships of eighty dollars each. Also, at this session of the legislature, the University Charter was amended so that the annual meeting; of the board ALU MM CATALOGUE — LLLCTKICAL KXUIXEKHIXG. 195 came on Wodiiesday, in Juno, next preceedinp; the annual coni- niencenient. The trustees secuicfl the passage of an act of the legislature on Xoveniber 12. 1S94, increasing the board to thirty members and pi-oviding for five alunnii trustees, to hold office for five years. In 1S92, the New Yi)ik Alumni Association (q. v.) was reorgan- ized. Dr. Ceorge Nichols lesigned as vice-president and acting president in .July 1S95. He had been for many years an earnest and ti'ied friend of the University and his resignation was reluc- tantly accepted l)y the trustees. Prof. Charles Dole succeeded Dr. Nicliols as vice-president and has held the office to date. %i#^ East Side of Cepot Square." In May. lS9o, the first Alumni Catalogue, a valuable work of thirty-nine pages, was puljlished under direction of Prof. .J. B. Johnson, '79. assisted by Fre I B. Thomas. '95. This year, the class of 1(S95, began the custom of presenting a class step. This good work has been continued to date, so that the cadet of years ago can now have the pleasure of walking up the hill to Jackman Hall over solid granite .steps. In this 3'ear the enterprising gi-aduating class began the publication of the War Whoop, (q.y.) In 1895, an Electrical Engineering Course was begun and Prof. Edson M. Stevens, a graduate of the University of Vermont, was placed in charge of the work; and in this year the electric light 196 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. system was installed. In 1897 the Electrical Engineering Course was discontinued. In the spring of 1895, Gen. 0. O. Howard, U. S. A. the dis- tinguished soldier, at the solicitation of General Dodge visited the University. He recognized that one of the pressing needs of the University was more land, and through his assistance the follow- ing property was bought. On August 5, 1895, Mr. W. W. Holden deeded the University the strip of land, from a north and south line at the foot of the hill toward the railroad track, to a north and south line on top of the hill, just in front of where Carnegie Hall now stands, extending south from the south line of the original University property to the road from the Center to the railroad, comprising about four and one half acres of land. On the same date Mr. A. K. Johnson deeded the land extending from the property just described, t<> the track and from the McGraw property south to road before mentioned, containing about eleven acres. On the same date Prof. Charles Dole deeded the land east of the W. W. Holden property, extending east to the road leading from Central Street to the Center, and from the south line of the original University property to the land owned by Fred Joslyn, containing about two and one-half acres. On August 6, 1895, Mr. Fred Joslyn deeded the University about three acres of land extending from the Professor Dole property south to the land owned by Robert A. Silver, 74, and Mrs. F. J. Davis, and east from the old Country road, west to the land deeded by W.W. Holden, before described. On May 25, 1896, Mr. and Mrs. W. F. Cushman deeded to the University the strip of land west of Central Street opposite the Parade, containing about two acres. Through the assistance of General Howard the University had now acquired, with land bought in 1895, twenty-five acres of land affording ample room for the drills and sites for the erection of buildings. In 1895 it was felt by several that this purchase was unnecessary as the Institution had more land than it would ever use; but in the light of subsequent events, it has been shown that General Howard's advice was prophetic of what was to come. In 1896, there was some discussion as to the legality of the state's paying the University for the encampments. The matter was finally left to the Supreme Court, who decided in favor of the University. In November of this year a legislator, unfriendly to the Institution, introduced a bill designed to sever the con- nection of the corps of cadets from the state militia. The matter I.K(;iSL\TIVE FlfJHT. 197 was very adroitly handled, the l)ill Ijeing presented at the very last of the session. The friends of the University were taken by surprise; many of the influential trustees and friends were out of the state and unable to appear before the committee to whom the bill was presented. Professors Johnson and Brill and Dr. W. B. Mayo took the matter up with vigor; a few friends were drafted for service. For a time the fate of the University's connection with the state militia was held in the balance. That year an effort was being strenuously made to lower the state expenses and the introducer of the bill advocated the cutting of expenses by stopping the militia pay to the University; but Northfield Graded and High School, igio. unexpected friends were found among the legislators. That year several of the representatives were G. A. R. men and, unsolicited took up the fight for Norwich. One prominent democrat who had from the first advocated the cutting of ex- penses stated that it was poor policy to begin a reduction of expenses by crippling a time honored, institution that had done so much for the state, especially in the Civil War. He then gave an account of the services of the "N. U." men in his regiment, paying glowing tributes to their labors. Then the G. A. R. men of the legislature spoke on the service of the Norwich men in their companies and regiments. Then other members, sons and relatives of men who had fought in the Civil War, added their !»S NOKWICII UNIVERSITY. lestiniony to the heroic and efficient work of the Norwich <^i'a05 decorated. Over Central .Street, near the depot, a large arch was erected bearing tiie inscription ''Welcome Dewey:' On the same street near tiie University grounds was another arch. On the north side was the inscription "Cadet George Dewey, 1854," and on the side facing the University grounds, "Admiral George Dewey, 1899." Tn addition to these inscriptions were the names of several cadets, who had achiev- ed distinction in the army and in civil life. The University build- ings were tastefully decorated. On the front of Jackman Hall; was a lai'ge portrait of Admiral Dewey and a t al:)let bearing the words, "Alvia Mater Greets her Illustrious Son." A lai-ge platform was built over the excava- tion for Dewey Hall and was occupied by the Admiral and the " invited guests during the ceremonies. The stone itself was sus- pended over its resting place by a large tripod and a chain hoist. A part of this resting place was made by a stone from the old University building at Norwich. • On the front face of this stone were cut the letters, "A. L. S. & M. A." The corner stone bore the date" 1899." Admiral Dewey's train arrived at Northfield at about 3 a. m. bringing the Admiral, his.^ son, Flag-Lieutenant Brumby and Dr. W. Seward Webl) and family. At about the same time Senator Depew's train arrived and was sidetracked near that of Admiral Dewey. At about 8 o'clock callers began to an-ive Norwich University NO mJEL l X VERMO NT. MONDAY. MAY I 1899. AOhi tk. Brown. C^L Kinro%c H^hi Ml ^^1C. - xoli I III II I |. . , .w i ■ i; \ \ m HK.MAHK.- . - »\ l-in.- Ml w I. :,..,.» \ Ml Sir, . . . . -, I.I I.I , , I it •PB.\V1:H, . . HKV ID! U \1 ^ ll\/|\ Mi'fSif. - . - -1,1 ri I II u ADDiiiA-, . Ki\- -^" -I' .... .,i,i|.: , 1 1 u Broking grouivl ior Dewty Hall by Cajn QurkriE. CUk. II S N GfMn4 Rmk. Siagiog ol -Amcricj- by Clc« Qub and Jiidicncc. acccoipdiui-Ni by ihc baiid Sjluttot 17 Gvnv N U Cor ps of Cidctt. An laftannrf rt««rwo •« b. wi^dcrvd Cp- iJrt. B. [V^i K.I]. uniMdu.(l> jtb *. Clup.! Per order of the Committee. DEWEY CELEUKATIOX IX XOKTHFIELD. 207 at the Adniirar.s car. Among the first visitors were his old '' N. U." associate Col. Heniy 0. Kent, '54, Senator Depew, Rear-Admiral Belknap and President Brown and aide. At about 9 o'clock a train arrived bearing Governor Smitli and staff together with many other notable visitors. By this time a crowd l)egan to gather around the Admiral's car and the cadet guard wliich had been posted proved \'ei'y useful. The next train to arrive bore the 1st Regiment Vermont National Guard. At a little before 10 o'clock a special train arrived from the north Ijearing a large number of visitors, wiiile the regular train from the south was also well loaded. At 10 o'clock the 1st Regiment Vermont National Guard and the corps of cadets formed about Depot square, the three battalions of the regiment occupying the north, east and south sides, and the cadets the west side. The Admiral and his party then appeared and took their places in the carriages which were in readiness for them. The fiist carriage was occupied b;^ Admiral Dewey, Governor Smith, President Brown and Lieu- tenant Brumby; the next held Senator Depew, Rear-Admii-al Belknap, Bishop Hall and Senator Proctor, while the third was occupied by Senator Ross, Ex-Governor Dillingham, and Dr. W. Seward Webb. Tlie carriages, escorted l)y the corps of cadets, passed around the square which was lined with soldiers all at a *' present." after which they fell in rear. The parade ])assed up Central Street to the University and halted near the platform over the site of Dewey Hall. Here the carriages were dismissed and the cadets were drawn up in line in fi-ont of the stand, Avhile the 1st Regiment formed in line masses in their rear. President Brown then led Admiral Dewey on to the platform. The Admiral's face was radiant and his eyes shone with delight. He was followed by Governor Smith, Bishop Hall of Burlington, Senator Depew of New York, Rear-Admiral George E. Belknap, Ex-Governor W. P. Dillingham of Waterbury and Dr. W, Seward Webb. The party took seats near the front of the stand and within twenty feet of the corner stone. The Admiral and party were in turn followed by Ex-Governor C. S. Page, Col. Frank L. Greene, chief of the governor's staff, Gen. J. G. McCullough, Gen. W. H. Gilmore, Col. Farrand S. Stranahan, Senator Jonathan Ross, Col. C. S. Forbes, Represen- tatives H. H. Powers and ^^'. W. Grout and many otherjprominent Vermonters. 208 NORWICH UNIVERSITY, Noticeable on the stand were the many alumni, including N. L. Sheldon, '84, president of the Norwich Alumni Association of Boston; Hon. Henry O. Kent, '54, of Lancaster, N. H.; Col. Charles H. Long, '55, of Claremont, N. H.; and Dr. S. H. McCollester, '53. President Brown made the following introductory address : "Not quite six months ago, we assembled here under tlie lead of that gallant Vermonter, Captain Charles E. Clark, of the Oregon, and turned the first sotl for the erection of Dewey Hall; todav we have come, not onlv to I Admiral Dewey Presented to the People. welcome to his native soil the greatest living Vermonter, the greatest living American; not only to welcome to the halls of his Alma Mater the old cadet who comes crowned with years and honors, but to lay the corner stone of a building which shall bear his name, and shall be an inspiration to generations of cadets who are yet to come. And inasmuch as it is very meet, right and our bounden duty that we should at all times and in all places acknowledge our dependence upon Almighty God, I ask all upon the stand to rise, and this whole assembly to uncover, while the chaplain of the day, the Right Rev. Dr. Hall, invokes the Divine blessing upon our undertaking.' ' DEWEY CELEBKATIOX IX XORTHFIELD, 209 Bishop Hall then repeated the 127th Psalm and offered prayer. Colonel Kent was then introduced, and made an eloquent address, which was as follows: " It is an honor, greatly esteemed, to sjjeak in this presence for our venerable University in welcoming her most famous son-he whom the nations applaud, who has accomplished grand results for the country and won deserved honor for his native state, his Alma Mater and Cadet George Dewey of the olden time-Admiral-in-Chief of the navies of the Union. "Vermont properly enjoys the distinction of liis ilhistrious career, but it may not be amiss that on this gala day of hers, our president assigns to a son of New Hamjishire this gracious privilege of extending welcome. New Hampshire was closely connected with the earlier history of Norwich University. It was a gallant gentleman of that state, afterwards President of the United States, and long a potential member of our board of trustees, who led the brigade of the chivalrous Ransom in Mexico. "It was Col. James Miller of New Hampshire who, at Chippewa, made the historic response to the doubting question of the commanding general, 'Colonel Miller, can you take that battery?' 'I'll try,' a promise that was redeemed in victory and has since been borne upon our escutcheon and seal. We have passed the daj^ of experiment. We accomplish! Should the doubter or the skeptic ask 'Do we?' the response is ready: 'Wedo. ' To you, our guest, the state has associations that for a generation have been a benediction and to some of us, your friends, a cluster of gracious memories. "Many years ago we said farewell to the Old South Barracks; we meet under conditions marvelously changed, and with physical surroundings no less unwonted to you. 'No more beside the river on beauteous Norwich Plain, Near sacred dust, 'mid early scenes, Might she repose again ; But on the hills of Northfield, robed in imperial green, Dowered with the love of honored sons. She sits, our peerless queen.' ■'The hopes of a century approach fruitio'.i and we rejoice in the promi.se of an honored, useful and prosperous future. We welcome you among us. In the name of two thousantl gallant gentlemen, living and dead: soldiers and sailors who have followed the flag in honor by land and sea in every war of the Republic, and who have illustrated in science, in commerce, the pro- fessions and arts, the wi.sdom of our study and discipline, the chivalric honor that has ever been to her the breath of life — I welcome you to Alma Mater, her traditions, her memories, her glories, and the enduring love of her sons. "It is not alone we, the diminishing guard of the olden time who remain, not alone the chivalric youth of today who greet you. It is the greeting of stern Alden Partridge, founder and builder; of the superb Ransom, dead beneath his country's flag on foreign soil; the welcome of brave men, your associates and mine, men gone to their reward who join us in their glad proclaim: 'Well done, good and faithful servant, welcome home.' Shall we not add a new stanza to the old song? 210 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. 'To the Navy and the Union; to its chicfst, best hero, Who went out from among us and fought his country's foe. He has won a crown of laurels; he has felt fame's breezes blow, And has stood amid the battle's blast, for the Old South Barracks, O!' "There is no chance. Was it not the discipline of Norwich University, the Christian devotion of President Edward Bourns, the iron will of Professor Alonzo Jackman, your instructors, as exemplified in tlieir teaching, that bore ripe fruitage in the grand design evolved at Hong Kong and executed at Manila? Verily, he who returneth today beareth his sheaves with him. Surely, in this presence we may indulge the fond belief that these faithful mentors, with others of the century who have joined the great majority, unite with those who remain in the resounding acclaim of rejoicing antl proper pride that ascends from ocean to ocean. " While we may not call the roll of all our heroes, we may properly remem- ber, in this connection, the services of Rear- Admiral Boggs; of Paulding and Carpenter, cactets of the University, in Mediterranean and Asiatic waters, and the historic deed of gallant Cai)tain Tatnall, once a cailet of the University, and later Commodore in the Confederate States Navy, who, when he came to the rescue of British seamen from the murderous fire of the Chinese Forts on the Pei-ho river, with the memorable words, 'Blood is thicker than water,' gave utterance to a sentiment that perhaps prompted, many years later, responsive British sympathy for American seamen in Manila Bay. "Time jjasses and the crowding thoughts and emotions of the hour, struggling for utterance must give place. We here lay deep foundations of a stately structure that shall endure to testify for i)atriotism and sound education to recvuTing generations. We bestow your name ujjon it and enrich it with the luster of your achievements. " When we who are here shall have accomplished the work given us to do, and when, in aftertime, the story of Manila shall be sung, a glorious epic, throughout a hapjiy and contented Christian land, Dewey Hall shall stand testifying to the continued usefulness of our beloved Alma Mater and the fraternal loyalty of her children. It shall endure, a witness to her love for the illustrious son who, on the day of trial, remembered the legentl of her ])roud escutcheon and trying, did service to his country, winning fame for her and for himself. May all good things encompass and go with you; the love of the sons of Norwich University goes out to meet and accompany you; and under all are the Everlasting Arms.' ' President Brown then introduced the Hon. Chauncey M. Depew, U. S. Senator from New York, the orator of the day. His address in part was as fellows : "The greetings and applause which accompanied Atlmiral Dewey around the w'orld, the welcome triumphal processions of his grateful countrymen, the imposing ceremonies at the National Capital and the Capital of his native state, have their fitting close at the University where the foundations of his fame were laid. "He returns from his victories to his Alma Mater and lays his laurels upon her shrine. Here precept and example, teaching and tradition, made the man. The home coming of the alumiuis during commencement days, to the 212 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. University, is always an interesting incitlent in his life, but when he comes back crowned with glory and honor to acknowledge his debt, the old college has fresh inspiration for her sons. "Forty-five years ago a young man graduated from here and entered the Naval Academy at Annapolis. At this institution he had found the bent of his mind and decided upon his career. The allurements of commerce and fortune did not tempt him. The pathways of the professions and in- dustrial preferment which attracted most of the youths of America had no charms for young Dewey. To win his way in the service of his country was his ambition. The period of his active life is the most wonderful half century in the history of the world. It is the era of invention, of discovery, of the utilization of the forces of nature to the service of mankind. The rapid evolution and development of the arts and industries have piled up gigantic fortunes for the able, far sighted and adventurous. The contention and com- petition for great wealth have absorbed the best talent and the vital energies of the people. The hot race for money has drawn the strongest from every walk in life. To get rich has seemed to foreign and domestic observers the sole teachings of our schools, and its rewards of luxury and power the most satisfactory attainments. "After nearly fifty years, George Dewey is again upon the old campus and treading these venerable halls, possessed of little more of accumulated wealth than when he left. His gift to his college far surjjasses the value of endowments antl buildings. It is the example for all time of the Norwich student, who, without influence or assistance, by his steadfastness, pluck and genius, became the hero of the American Navy and the conqueror of a new world for his country.' ' Senator Depew then gave a full account of the achievements of the " Hero of Manila Bay' '. He said : "There is no parallel in history of this triumphal march. Not j'et its culmination and its lesson; not yet. That is reserved for his Alma Mater. I saw Grant, from Appomattox, and Sherman, from the March to the Sea, at West Point. There was an affectionate significance in the welcome and approval of the old Academy which no pageant could give. The splendors of the decorations, the brave array of saluting soldiers and sailors have passed; the echoes of the guns and strains of martial music have died away. With associations and surroundings of this seat of learning the faculty and students receive their fellow student and honored alumnus. The Ijuilding which will rise upon the corner stone now laid by Admiral Dewey will remain for unnumbered generations as a monument to the advantages of a liberal education and the possibilities of American Citizenship.' ' President Brown then introduced Admiral Dewey. When the Admiral stepped forward to the stone, he was cheered and applauded until it became almost embarrassing for him. When the wave of enthusiasm had subsided and the stone had been lowered under his direction by four mas(,ins, he stepped forward and said in a voice audible to all: "I pronounce the stone carefully and truly laid." ^«. 214 xomvH'H iTMVEHsri'V. As he said this, he struck the stone with a mason's small hammer and the ceremony, brief, but im])rcssive, was (jver. The next moment the band was playing "America," and the Admiral, standing with his right hand at salute, remained in this attitude until the music ceased. All the guests and the spectators were uncovered and it was the most striking picture of the day and the climax of the cele- bi'ation. The parade was then formed and marched back to the depot by way of Main street. The many guests then boarded their trains and were soon borne away, the Admiral and party going to Boston. The construction of Dewey Hall was in charge of the following building committee: President A. D. Brown, Hon. Frank Plumley, Prof. Charles Dole and Dr. W. B. Mayo, and the building, while not as oi'nate as the one first planned, is fully as practical and more in keeping with the other buildings on the Hill. It was completed just in time for the Baccalaureate sermon, Sunday, June 22, 1902. The first social event held in the hall was the hop given l^y the senior class, November 7, 1902. The Hall is 46x84 feet with projections from the south end, 12x20 feet; and is Iniilt of brick, two stories high, with a l^asement and attic. It is beautifully finished in native woods. Until 1908, the first floor was used for the offices of the president, commandant, assistant treasurer and stenographer, and for reading room, librar}^ and museum. The library and museum were each about 23x48 feet. The second floor contained the faculty or trustee's I'oom, the U. S. Weather Bureau, and the assembly room ov Chapel. The assembly room is one of the finest in the state and has a seating capacity of aliout four hundred ( n the main floor and one hundred in the gallery. In the front of the attic is a large drafting room. In 1908, the librarv and a part of the museum were moved to the Carnegie Library building. The old library room and read- ing room was then occupied by the Military department, as an adjutant's office and recitation room. The old museum room was used as a faculty room and the physical director's office. In June, 1910, the U. S. Weather Bureau was moved into the new Weather Bm-eau building and the two rooms vacated were then ()ccuj)ied as the president's office and the faculty room. DEWEY RECEPTION IN MONTPELIER. 215 Tin-: CADETS AT THE DEWEY RECEPTION IN MONTPELIER. The cadets took an important part in the reception given Admiral Dewey in JMontjielier, October 13, 1899. Ill planning the reception for Admiral Dewey at Montpelier, it was decided by the state executive committee to have the Nor- wich cadets act as escort. The invitation was extended and ac- cepted and the work of preparation begun. Every one in the corps seemed to appreciate the honor and every one, from the commandant of cadets to the newest freshman, did his best in the preliminary work which was necessary in order to make the corps into a well drilled l)ody of men. The work was harder than it might otherwise have been on account of so large a part of the corps being new men who knew nothing of military matters previous to entering the University. How well these men tried to bscome good soldiers is known by the fact that only six extra drills were necessary before they were in readiness for the parade. On the morning of the 13th of October, the corps took a special train for Montpelier and were landed at the " Dewey terminal," about half a mile from the state house. Here they formed as one company and were marched to the state arsenal where dinner was served by Co. F., V. N. G. After dinner the company was marched back to the west end of State street where the Admiral was waiting at the Jewett residence for the parade to start. Soon the carriage came for the Admiral and as he descended the steps Captain John P. Closely brought the company to a "Present," and saluted while "Tiie General" was sounded by the trumpeters. The Atlmii-al returned the salute and took his place in the carriage. The company was then divided into two platoons ; the first took its place in front, and the second in the rear of the carriage. The various organizations, wliich constituted the })ai'ade were in line along State street and fell in rear as the carriage and escort passed. The parade was made up in the following order: Platoon of Police, Chief Marshal and Staff, Norwich Univer- sity Corps of Cadets, Admiral Dew^ey accompanied by Governor Smith and Mayor Senter, the first regiment V. N. G., Veterans of the Civil and Spanish Wars, Uniformed Secret orders, University of Vermont Battalion, \'ermont Academy Corps of Cadets, ]\Iont- pelier High School Battalion, Public School Children, 21G NORWICH UNIVERSITY. The line of march extended for about two miles through the principal streets, on both sides of which were thousands of yards of gay bunting and crowds of cheering, applauding people, anxious to get a look at or from the Admiral. A large reviewing stand had been built over the state house steps and in front of this, a great multitude had assembled. As the head of the columns approached the reviewing stand the space in front was partially cleared by the mounted aides and after a severe straggle a space was cleared wide enough to allow the cadets to nuirch in front of the stand when the order " Fours Right" was given and the line dressed back against the crowd which by this time filled the entire space between the state house and the street. The company was dressed backward against the throng until there was a space sufficiently wide to permit the passage of the rest of the parade. Soon Admiral Dewey appeared on the stand and the company was again brought to a " Present' ' and the salute was retiu-ned l)y the Admiral. Then came an opportunity for the cadets to show the stuff of which they were made. The throng in the rear pressed forward against the rear ranks and crowded them against the front rank, but not an inch of ground was yielded. The pressure from the rear was terrific, and it seemed that a break in the line could not be avoided, but the line was maintained. At last the parade passed the reviewing stand and the com- pany was marched to the east end of the state house and escorted the Admiral to his private car. After stepping from his carriage he turned to the cadets and taking off his hat said with a pleasant .smile " Good-bye, boys," and disappeared through the car door. After leaving the Admiral, the company withdrew to a grassy .square near by for a short rest. When this was over the company was marched back to the "Dewey terminal," where the arms were stacked and a guard })osted over them. The cadets were then dismissed to be re-assembled at nine o'clock to take the train for Northfield, where they arrived at a little after ten o'clock. On May 13, 1899, the old Governor Paine block burned. The Ain Fraternity had its rooms in the building and suffered the loss of most of its furniture and its valuable librar}-. In 1899,. the University again opened the mess hall, which was conducted by Professor Dole at his house at the Center until 1903, when it was discontinued and the cadets allowed to board at their Fra- ternity houses. In this year, Capt. E. A. Shuttleworth began SCHOLARSHIPS DEWEY HALL. 2l7 the custom of giving a sword to the junior who hehl the highest rank in the military work for three years. Mr. Chauncey Denny, a trustee and a warm friend of the University, died on January 16, 1899, wiUing the money to es- tablish a scholarship. His was the first permanent scholarship given the University. For several years various fi-iends of the Institution had from time to time given money to pay the tuition of the needy students. In 1899, the class of that year established a scholarship and the good work was continued by the classes of 1900, 1901, 1902 and 1903. In 1902, Miss Susan G. Perkins of Concord, N. H., gave a fund of three thousand dollars to establish scholarships in the memory of her father. Judge Hamilton E. Perkins, of the class of 1824. In 1903, the Col. Jesse Augustus Gove scholarship was founded by Mrs. Gove and her daughter, Mrs. James M. Killeen, of Concord, N. II. In 1904, General Dodge founded the "Dodge Loan Fund" for giving assistance to needy students. Through this fund a number cf cadets have been enabled to complete their courses. In 1910, the Capt. James Edward Ainswoi'th schtylarsliip was founded l^y ^Irs. Ainsworth for students from Williamstown, \t. In 1899, the erection of the Drill Hall was l^egun; but owing to various delays was not completed luitil Februai'y, 1901. It was formally opened on February 15, by a Ijall given by the class of 1902. ]\Iusic was furnished by Wilder's Orchestral club of Montpelier. On November 13, 1900, the state further recognized the University ])y making it the State Military college and authori- zing the commissioning of the faculty. On November 16, 1900, the legislature passed an act enabling the trustees to hold their meetings on any date desired diu'ing commencement week. On May 1, 1901, the custom of celebrating the anniversary of the Battle of Manila Bay was begun by President Brown. The following general order was published April 30th : "Tomorrow, A\'ediicsday, May Ist, l)eing the anniversary of the glorious action in Manila bay, wherein Connnodore George Dewey, U. S. N., a former cadet of Norwich University of the class of 1855, won undying fame for him- self and his country's arms and shed an added lustre upon the proud record of "Old N. U.," the usual admiral's salute of seventeen guns will be fired at noon and academic exercises will be suspended after chapel.' ' That the compliment was appreciated is shown by the follow- ing letter from Admiral Dewey to President Brown : 218 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. Office of the Admiral, 1747 Rhode Island Ave., Washington, D. ('., May 1, 1901. My dear Brown: I have your letter of the twenty ninth ultimo, and am much pleased to hear of your order for tlie keeping of the anniversary of the Battle of Manila, at Norwich University. Please accept my best thanks for tlio mark of courtesy. With sincere regards, I am. Very truly yours, GEORGE DEWEY. Commander A. D. Brown, U. S. N., President Norwich University, Northfield, Vt. In September, 1901 the department of Field Engineering was established. In July, 1902, Mr. W. A. Ellis, of the class of 1897, was secm-ed as librarian and field agent. The attendance had become reduced, and in order to retain the U. S. Army detail it was necessary to increase the corps of cadets. The attendance was gradually increased from 73 in 1901-02 to 183 in 1908-09. Owing to failing health, Presitlent Brown resigned June 25, 1903; but on the urgent request of the trustees, he consented to act as president imtil 1904, or until the trustees could procure the services of a new president. During the year 1903-04, several improvements were made on the University buildings. The most important was the installing of modern heating plants in Dodge and Jackman Halls. In January, 1904, President lirown was relieved of his duties as president and Prof. C. C. Brill, dean of the faculty, was appointed executive officer and held the position until Presi- dent Spooner assumed office in 1905. President Brown's health rapidly failed and he died in Waynesville, N. C, April 3, 1904. President Brown proved an able head of the Institution and did much to advance the interests of the University. ALUMNI HALL. Owing to the rapidly increasing attendance it became neces- sary to have a new barracks. In the winter of 1903-'04, the matter was discussed l)y the trustees and a committee appointed to take charge of the matter. Professor Brill was appointed chairman of the committee and took the immediate charge of the work, assisted by the libi-arian. Mr. William Petit, a prominent architect and engineer for Cross Brothers Co., of Northfield, AIA'MM 11 ALL. 219 assisted 1)V J'Ui'oy A. Chase, '0.3, made a set uf elegant plans and specifications for the committee. Tlie matter was presented to General Dodge, '51, who called a special meeting of the rep- resentative alumni of New York at liis office at 2 i>. m., April 14. At this meeting the necessity of the building was presented ])}' Professor l^rill and the lil)rai'ian. After some discussion Mr. Edward I). Adams, '64, offered SIO.OOO toward the i)roject and (Jeneral Dodge offei-ed the same amount. Through the generosity of these ahnnni the success of the undertaking was assured. The matter was presented at the annual meeting of the New Yoi'k Association that evening at the Everett H(juse. It received hearty support from the meml^ers of the Association, several liheially sul;scribing. The following committee was appointed to carry out the work: W. P. Clement, 72, Prof. C. C. Brill, (ieorge D. Thomas. '76, Edward D. Adams. '64, E. W. Clark. '02, and H. C. Cady, '91. General Dodge was appointed treasui'er of the fund, and \\'. N. .Jones, secretary of the committee. ('n April 25, a circular letter signed by Gen. G. M. Dotlge, '51, president of the New York Alumni Association; Dr. .J. Q. A. iAIcC( llister, '53, president of the Postin Association; and George D. Thomas, '76. president (f the General Alumni Association, was sent to the alumni appealing for aid. The building was to be known as Alumni Hall, erected in memoiy of ('apt. Alden Partridge. V. S. A. .Sul)scriptions were called foi'; either in a I'Miip sum, or a stated amoinit for the j^eriod of five years. Tiie librarian of the college solicited funds from the alumni in New Yoi'k and vicinity until his time was demanded for woi'k in the field, sccui'ing students. He was relieved by Mr. M. D. ►Smitii, '81, who made a thorough canvass of the alunuii and past cadets in the various sections of the country. Tlie alumni loyally responded with assistance. After some discussion the Petit plans were tliscarded and President >Spooner had a new set of plans and specifications made by Mr. Frank A. Walker of Montpelier, which were adopted. The ground was broken for the building in May, 1905, with api)ropriate ceremonies. Prayer was offered by Rev. William S. Hazen. and brief addresses were made by Prof. C. C. lirill and Maj. H. W. Hovey. The first sod was turned by Dr. Hazen, followed by the faculty, alunnii committee, and members of the corps, each turning a shovel full of earth. The ceremony of la3ung tlie corner stone followed the gradua- ting exercises on June 22, 1905. Prayer was offered by Rev. 220 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. Walter Dole, '70, the University chaplain. President Spooner then placed a tin box containing the records of the day, an ac- count of the building, and several historical papers into a recess to be covered by the stone. The corner stone was then swung into place. Capt. H. V. Partridge, son of Capt. Alden Partridge, in whose honor the building was to be erected, gave a brief ad- dress on his father's work and the history of the University. Governor C. J. Bell then followed with a brief address on the work of the University. The exercises were concluded by a benedic- tion by Chaplain Dole. At the graduating exercises of June 20, 1906, Professor Brill, as chairman of the building committee, presented the building to the alumni. Mr. Robert H. Ford, '92, president of the General Alumni Association, responded with a brief speech of acceptance. He then presented Alumni Hall to the University trustees. Col. H. O. Kent, '54, the senior member of the board, accepted the building in an eloquent address. The work was completed in the summer of 1908, and the building occupied that fall. The building is 163 feet, 9 inches long, by 58 feet, 10 inches wide; is three stories high in front and four stories in the rear. It is constructed of brick with cappings and window and door sills of reinforced concrete. The basement walls are of massive granite construction. Each floor contains 21 rooms, accommodating two men each, and three rooms for officers and an office. On May 20, 1904, the Vermont Alumni Association w\as organized in Montpelier. Owing to the increased attendance some provision had to be made for the accommodation of the cadets; and on August 1, 1904, the University purchased of Professor Brill the old hotel property at the Center. The building was remodeled into a barracks and designated as Barracks No. 2, and was used until the opening of Alumni Hall. On June 22, 1904, Prof. Charles Horace Spooner, A. M., of the class of 1878, was elected president. Professor Spooner had seen much service as an instructor of Mathematics at the Manual Training school, connected with the Washington University of St. Louis, Mo. He assumed the duties of his office in August. On December 9, 1904, the state legislature again recognized the service of the University by giving a further appropriation of $5,000 a year. This amount is expended as follows: S1,000 for engineering equipment and $4,000 toward the salary of the professors of the Engineering department. On the same date STATE AID. 221 the Charter was amended, allowing the University to hold more land and to have a greater endowment than $100,000. The University now receives a total amount of S11,000 from the state each year, exclusive of the militia pay wliich averages a little over $5,000 a year. In Camp at Barre, 1Q07 Camp at Williamstown, Vt., June 1907. Mr. Andrew Carnegie. CARNEGIE HALL. 223 CARNEGIE HALL. At the annual meeting of the New York Alumni Association, March 30, 1905, the Alumni and friends of the University were treated to a genuine surprise, when General Dodge, president of the association, announced tiie gift of $50,000 from Mr. Andrew Carnegie, $25,000 for the libraiy and $25,000 for the founding of an Electrical Engineering department. The letter to General Dodge confirming the gift was as follows : Nkw York, Marcli iStli, 1905. M V DEAR General: Confirniing our conversation of yesterday, I take pleasure in stating tliat I will give fifty thousand dollars for the needed library building, including I'^lectrical department, for Norwich University. I w-as happy thinking I coidd require the Institution to call this the "Dodge Building." Too bad that you have anticipated me, and I suppose it nnist bear my name. However, I am glad to follow where you lead. Alwaj's very truly yours, ANDREW CARNEGIE. General Grenville M. Dodge, No. 1 Broadway, New York. Three rousing cheers were given Mr. Carnegie, and the college yell in its full force was added. On motion of General 0. O. Howard the following resolutions were adopted by a standing- vote: "Resolved: That the Norwich University ,\lumni Association of New York tender their heartfelt tiianks to Mr. Andrew Carnegie for his generous donation of Fifty Thousand Dollars for a Library Building, including the ei ' Mui^^^H ^A^.' ^'4 Wm 'tJ^ '.^"l -M^^^^HPI ■ 1 "^ "Wt rsy& IjKtMmM ■i^J ^^^^K^^ 1 Q Squad of Cavalry, 1910. The corps has been supplied with the latest equipment by the Government. In June, 1903, the Krag-Jorgensen rifles were issued to the men. In June, 1904, the two Hotchkiss mountain cannon were received. In 1907, the latest model of the U. S. magazine rifle was issued to the corps replacing the Krag-Jor- gensen. In May, 1907, the regulation Khaki shelter tents were issued to the Institution. In December, 1907, the following equipment was received from the U. S. Government: four 3-inch breech loading rapid fire field guns, model, 1905; 8 caissons for guns complete; 1 battery wagon and field forge; 1 store wagon; 14 carriages; 42 sets artillery harness complete with saddles, blankets, etc.; 20 sets cavalry equipment complete; 120 revolvers, revolver holsters and belts; 120 field mess outfits complete; 120 sets field equipment complete. The guns were absolutely CAVALRY-UNIFORMS. 263 the latest type, fitted with bullet proof shields, range finders, etc. In 1892, a squad of cavalry was organized by Lieutenant Kimball, U. S. A., which was maintained for a short time. The matter of forming a troop of cavalry was discussed at various times, but nothing definite accomplished until 1909, when ten horses were bought. Several citizens of the state became in- terested in the matter and gave funds for the purchase of horses. Mr. Maxwell Evarts presented the University his famous stallion, "Emperor." Since the first purchase the University has main- tained a stable of from twenty to thirty-four horses. An eft'ort is being made to secure Morgan horses which for many years made Vermont famous throughout the country. The organiza- tion of the cavalry has done much to interest the corps in the military work and the cavalrj' drills have been among the most interesting feature of the commencement day drills, and the drills at the state fair. In 1891, the University secured the old Universalist church at the Center, which was used for a short time as a drill hall, and during the winters of 1894-'97 the Armory Hall in the village was used. For many j'ears the corps of cadets has taken an important part in the observance of Memorial Day in Northfield. Uniforms. The following quotation from the Regulations of 1887, gives the description of the uniform worn during 1885-92. "Coat. A single-breasted coatee of dark blue cloth, the skirt to extend one-half the distance from the hip joint to the band of the knee, with shoulder straps of the same material. There shall be three rows of nine University- buttons in front, the lower outside buttons to be three inches from the eye of the middle button, each succeeding outer button, up to the fifth, one and one-fourth inch farther outside the center row, the sixth the same as the fifth, and the seventh, eighth and ninth each about three-fourths of an inch nearer the center than the next preceding; stand up collar trimmed with gilt lace, to rise no higher than to permit the chin to turn freely over it, to hook in front at the bottom and slope thence up and backward at an angle of thirty degrees on each side, corners rounded; cuffs three inches deep, to go round the sleeves parallel with the lower edge, and with five small buttons at the lower seam; two buttons at the height of the hip; three buttons, placed lengthwise on the skirts down the plaits, terminating with an additional button at the end of the skirts; flap at the top of the skirt, five inches long and three-fourths of an inch wide, ends slanting with skirt, buttons under lower edge, showing one-half of surface below flap, set at equal distances along flap; lining of the coat black. 264 NORWICH UNIVERSITY, "Sack Coat. A sack coat of dark blue cloth or flannel, cut in the amay style, with University buttons, is allowed and recommended for ordinary wear, as economical and likely to save the wear of the more expensive dress coat; no braid or outside pockets. "Trousers. Dark blue cloth, with light blue stripe an inch and one- quarter wide, with fly front, no front pockets, medium sized leg and bottom. "Cravat. Black; the tie not to be visible at the opening of the collar. "Caps. For all cadets. For full dress, army helmet with gilt orna- ments, forage cap, pattern U. S. Army. "Badges of Distirction. For officers. Russian shoulderknot. For a captain, two silver embroidered bars on each knot. For a first lieutenant, one bar. For a second lieutenant, none. "For non-commissioned officers. The rank of non-commissioned officers will be marked by chevrons upon both sleeves of the uniform coat, above the elbow, points down, of light blue cloth, divided into bars a half inch wide, piped with red. "For 1st sergeant, three bars and a lozenge. For a sergeant, three bars. For a corporal, two bars. For a principal musician, three or two bars, (ac- cording as he ranks as a s'.;rgeant or coporal,) with a bugle." In 1892, the stripes and badges of distinction were changed to red, and in the same year the ornaments worn on the caps were changed to crossed cannon. In the spring of 1895 the campaign hat was first worn by the corps; and in 1896 the old frock or drill coat of many buttons was discarded. In the spring of 1905, the •full U. S. campaign uniform was introduced consisting of a cam- paign hat, olive drab shirt, khaki breeches and leggins. Since 1905 several changes have been made in the uniform to conform to that worn by the U. S. Army. During 1885-1900, the uniform prescribed for the faculty was that of the Staff of the U. S. Army with the Vermont button; except where a professor was an ofl&cer of the U. S. Army or of the state militia, in which case he was allowed to wear the uniform of his arm and grade. On November 13, 1900, the faculty was given local rank by the state legislature as follows: "Assistant professors, the rank of second lieutenant; professors the first five years of service as such, the rank of first lieutenant; for the second five j^ears, the rank of captain; after ten years, the rank of major; after twenty years, the rank of lieutenant colonel; the president shall have the rank of colonel; all without pa}^ from the state. ' ' In 1887, the corps was invited to visit Chelsea and take part in the observance of Memorial Day. They left the barracks at 6 A. M., in two four-horse teams; the members of the faculty, band and baseball team going in one team and the remainder of the corps in the other. The band played several selections while passing MARCHES AND ENCAMPMENTS. 265 through Brookfield. Chelsea was reached at 11:30 a. m., and the corps were met by a committee consisting of W, W. H. Hall, '47, and Dr. Goss, father of H. H. Goss, '88. They were escorted by the Sons of Veterans, under command of Capt. H. 0. Bixby, to the town hall, where the ladies of the town served them with dinner. At 1 :30 p. M.,the corps, preceded by their band, escorted the veterans of the G. A. R. and citizens to the cemetery, where Memorial Day services were observed. In the afternoon the base ball team played a game with the town team. At 7 p. m., the corps gave an exhibition drill, and at 8 p. m. the band gave a concert in the town hall. The next morning at 8 a.m. they returned to North- field, via Williamstown. The cadets had a most enjoyable time on this trip, the first visit of the corps to that town since July 6, 1845. The fine appearance of the corps proved of great value to the University, as several young men of Chelsea and surrounding towns were influenced to enter the Institution in the fall. On October 14, 1888, the corps visited Montpelier and drilled before the legislature, thus reviving the custom established by Captain Partridge years before. From that date the corps has drilled before the legislature at each session. These biennial visits have been productive of much good to the University, as it has enabled the members of the legislature to see for themselves the work carried out at the Institution in developing the men physi- cally, and in training the men for a citizen soldiery. Marches and Encampments. In 1888, the custom of the cadets going into camp was revived and has been continued to date. From 1888 untU 1905, the en- campment was held on the University grounds just previous to the annual commencement and lasted from seven to ten days. In 1905, Major H. W. Hovey, U. S. A., revived the custom of taking practice marches. It was at first planned to march to the west side of the state through Warren, Granville, Hancock to Middlebury, and then to Fort Ethan Allen; thus in part going over the old route followed by the corps many years ago; but a shorter route through Roxbury, Warren, Waitsfield, to Waterbury, then to Montpelier and Northfield, was finallj^ decided upon. The corps, organized as a three company battalion, under command of Major Hovey, left the barracks about 1 p. m., Tuesday, June 6. They camped that night in Roxbur}' on the square before the depot. The next day the march led over the mountain to Warren. The horses were unable to haul the large supply wagons 266 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. up the steepest pitches and the corps was obliged to give assistance. The cadets camped in Warren village, staying over one day. The time was spent in drills and a game of ball was played with a local team, Thursday afternoon, resulting in a victory for " N. U." Friday morning the corps marched down the Mad River Valley to Waitsfield and camped in a pasture near the village. The next day camp was moved to the old fair grounds, where Sunday was spent. On Monday, the 12th, the march was continued to Water- bury where the corps camped on the Winooski Valley Fair Grounds. The next day they proceeded to Middlesex and camped near the Almon power plant. On Wednesday, the 14th, the corps marched to the state arsenal grounds in Montpelier, where they camped that night. In the afternoon a game of ball was played with the Montpelier Seminary team ; several drills were also given. !=v All the tentage and heavy baggage was left at the state arsenal the next morning. The corps, in light marching order, proceeded to Northfield, reaching the barracks about 4:30 p. m. As they neared the village they were met by the Northfield Cornet Band, who escorted them to the barracks. The battalion was com- manded by Major H. R. Deal; the companies by Captains E. A. Lawrence, J. C. Ross and P. C. Sinclair. The second annual practice march began June 4, 1906, when the corps of cadets, under Cadet Major B. P. Hovey, left Northfield with the idea of marching to Fort Ethan Allen. Camp was made the first night at West Berlin on the farm of R. B. Denney, '91. The next day they marched to South Duxbury, intending to spend one night, and then go to Jonesville. Rain, however, compelled them to stay over Wednesday, and not until Thursday morning was the march taken to the latter place. They arrived at the farm of Professor Balch, (q. v.) about noon, and went into camp on the banks of a beautiful stream, well back from the highway. Again rain interfered, and Friday, the 8th, was spent in camp. After a consultation of those in authority it was determined that to con- tinue the march to Fort Ethan Allen would be impracticable without making a Sunday march, which Major Hovey was unwil- ling to do; so instead of going on to the Fort, the corpg turned back toward Northfield, Saturday, and that afternoon went into camp again at the South Duxbury camp ground. There they remained over Sunday, and on Monday left for Montpelier, arriving about noon. They stayed in camp Monday night and Tuesday. The camp ground at Montpelier, a large level meadow, afforded excel- lent opportunities for drill, and the time Tuesday was spent in MARCHES, 267 practice drills for commencement. Wednesday morning tlie state equipment was turned in at the state arsenal and the corps reached Northfield during the afternoon. On account of the unpleasant weather conditions, the march was neither as long nor as agreealjle as had been expected, but the men came in in good condition and in good spirits. The march of 1907 commenced Monday, June 10th, when the corps left Northfield about 8:20 in the morning with the idea of making a circuit around to the east. They marched that forenoon to Montpelier, and went into camp on the arsenal grounds. The night was spent there and Tuesday morning the march was taken to Barre, where they camped on the trotting park. On Wednesday they went to Williamstown, camping in the heart of the village near the railroad station. That afternoon a ball game was played between the University and the Williamstown teams. The result was a decisive victory for the cadets, although the game was characterized more by horse play and good rooting than by good ball playing. Thursday morning the corps left for Brookfield, going down through the beautiful Williamstown Gulf. Camp was made in the afternoon, back from the village, on a hillside overlooking the pond, one of the most beautiful sites occupied on the march. Friday, the march was made to Northfield by way of East Roxbury. Instead of going into barracks the cadets marched to the Company F rifle range and went into camp there for the five days target practice. The corps on this march were under the command of Cadet Major Harry C. Pratt, and Lieut. L. A. I. Chapman of the 1st Cavalry; the commandant having general charge and Capt. H. C. Moseley and Professors Woodbury and Spear being present as guests. For various reasons it was deemed best to change the time of the annual march, taking it in the fall instead of the spring, chief among these reasons being the impossibility of securing adequate camp grounds in June, on account of the destruction of crops. So, the consent of the Governor having been obtained, it was decided to make the march include a visit to the state fair. In accordance with that idea the corps left Northfield by special train on the early morning of Tuesday, October 1, and rode to the fair grounds at White River Junction. They arrived there late in the forenoon, and went into camp on a knoll just above the principal grandstand. Every day during the fair they gave exhibition drills of various kinds on the oval before the grandstand, usually holding retreat and evening parade exercises there also. 268 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. For the rest of the time the formations took place inside the camp, but all the routine and restrictions of the regular camp were fol- lowed. After the drill on Thursday afternoon march was made down town, and the corps entrained for Northfield arriving in the evening. These three days comprised the first part of the march which was completed the following June, when on Friday, June 8, 1908, the corps left for Snowsville, marching on the 9th to Ran- dolph, where they stayed over Sunday. Starting back on Monday, the 11th, they went into camp on the farm of Mr. Webb at East Granville. Here they remained until the next evening, when at 7 :30 they marched to Northfield. This march was not only a night march, but was made in the rain, and the corps were very glad to reach dry beds in the barracks. Cadet ]\Iajor W. P. Fraser was in command on both these marches. It is perhaps unjust to speak of the march of 1908 as a " march,' ' inasmuch as the only actual marching done was from Brattleboro to South Vernon and return, a total distance of about 10 miles. On Tuesday, September 22, the corps left for White River Junction, going into camp on the state fair grounds in the same place occupied the previous fall, Cadet Major Rowe being in command. The order of drills and other exercises did not differ materially from that given in the previous year, although the corps remained at the fair grounds one day longer than before. On Saturday morning, the 26th, they took train for Brattleboro, where they were to be guests of the Valley Fair Association. They arrived here soon after noon and went into camp in a beautiful grove of pines on the further side of the fair grounds. Here they remained over Sunday, and through the fair, which opened Tuesday. On Monday, the 28th, a march was made to South Vernon to inspect the new dam which was being constructed across the Connecticut at that point. The drills and exercises at Brattleboro were similar to those given at White River Junction. Too much cannot be said for the hospi- tality and generosity of the people of Brattleboro and the officials of the power company and of the fair. Thej^ made the experience a memorable one for all who were present. The return to North- field was made by special train Thursday, October 1. In 1909, the corps left Northfield by special train Tuesday, September 21, arriving at White River Junction fair ground about noon. Camp was made here on the north side of the track, a different and rather better location than in previous years. They remained here until -Saturday morning, September 25, being de- tained one day by rain. March was taken early in the morning CORPS OF CADETS AT THE STATE FAIR. 269 through West Hartford and Sharon to South Royalton, where they arrived in the afternoon after a march of about nineteen miles. Although cordiality had been the uniform custom on the part of the people of the towns in which the corps had stopped, the people of South Royalton were unusually kind, a very pleasant feature of the visit being the cordial invitation and treatment on the part of the churches. Remaining over Sunday, the cadets left IMonday morning, in spite of a disagreeable rain, for Bethel, where they arrived during a lull of the showers about noon. Camp was made in a beautiful meadow on the west side of the town and the day very pleasantly passed. During the evening a mass meeting was Headquarters, State Fair, igio. held in honor of the departure of the football team, and in memory of the deatl\of Clarkson, whose life was sacrificed two years before. As a mark of respect for him, and of honor to the corps, the camp was named "Camp Leonard J. Clarkson." On Tuesday, the 28th, the march was made to Randolph, also in mud and rain. There the corps went into a wet camp on the baseball grounds. A bright sun was welcomed Wednesday morning, and the corps with new courage undertook the eighteen mile hike into Northfield, where they arrived in the early afternoon. On this march Cadet Everett Collins was in command and for the first time a part of the corps were mounted, the men who had taken the course in horse- manship riding, on different days. The use of horses also caused a variation in the drills. All the usual infantry evolutions were 270 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. performed and in addition the cadets gave exhibitions of mounted fencing and wrestling. The practice march of 1910 commenced September 19, when Troop B, the mounted part of the corps, left Northfield for White River Junction, the remainder of the men leaving by special train early Tuesday morning, the 20tli. The camp ground was the same as occupied on the 1909 march, and the corps stayed through- out the fair, giving each day a review and infantry and cavalry drills. Late Friday afternoon, the' 25th, the command left the fair grounds for West Hartford, reaching there after dark and spending the night in shelter tents. At 8 :00 o 'clock the next morning they were on the march to South Royalton, where they arrived in the early afternoon. Soon after making camp it began to rain and continued until Monday morning. On Sunday, the corps remained in camp, and Monday resumed the march to Bethel. The monot- ony of tramping through the mud was varied by the working out of a field problem. It was planned to make the march on Tuesday from Bethel to Randolph, and on Wednesday from Randolph to Northfield, but owing to the rain which still persisted, it was de- cided to make the entire distance, twenty-seven miles, in one march. This was accomplished and the men arrived in the early evening in good condition, after one of the longest marches of which we have record in this or any other similar institution. The cadets on this march, were under command of Cadet Major H. J. M. Smith and were accompanied by Capt. Frank Tompkins, U. S. A., Com- mandant L. P. Bayley, Lieut. H. A. Whitney, M. D., and Sergt. John Cody, U. S. A. Austin Trophy. In 1887, was given the first systematic attention to target practice. Mr. E. 0. Thurston offered a prize for the best single shot; and on June 20, the contest was held on the land now owned by Prof. E. A. Shaw, '91, at the Center. The cadets making the highest scores were Fred E. Lamb, '89, and Charles F. Parker, '90. The second contest was held at the same place on June 11, 1888; H. R. Chaclwick, '91, made the best score. In 1889, the contest was held on June 24, C. G. Dole, '91, making the highest score in the final contest. These contests were discontinued until 1895. In April, 1895, Capt. Fred T. Austin, U. S. A., '88, renewed the custom of target shooting by offering a trophy consisting AUSTIN CONTESTS. 271 of three medals, gold, silver and bronze under the following conditions : " 1 . The shooting shall be at 200 yards o nly . 2. Each cadet of the three lower classes shall fire the same number of shots in preliminary practice of 200 yards. 3. The ten cadets making the best aggregate score at the preliminary practice shall constitute the team to shoot for the trophies. 4. Each contestant shall fire twenty shots and the cadet having the highest aggregate score shall be declared the winner of the first prize. The next two men shall be awarded the second and third prizes respectively. 5. Cadets of the senior class will not be allowed to shoot for the tro- phies. 6. A senior, who may be holding a medal, will be allowed to defend it, and should he succeed in the competition, he will be given a substitute medal in place of the trophy which will be his personal property, and the trophy wiU be given to the cadet holding the next highest score. 7. The trophy will he beld by the winner until the next contest." Preliminary contests have been held in June, each year and the ten men, making the highest scores, have been selected for the final contest on some day in commencement week, usually Tuesday. The winners of the prizes are as follows: June 25, 1895, A. G. An- drews, '96, first; F. W. Denison, '98, second and W. B. Carr, '97, third; June 22, 1896, Allen N. Goodspeed, '98, first; L. J. Parker, '98, second, and H. K. Brooks, '99, third; June 29, 1897, L. J. Parker, '98, first; F. L. Aldrich, '99 second; and J. W. Cook, '98, third; June 28, 1898, H. K. Brooks, '99, first; R. W. Dunsmoor, '00, second and D. M. Barclay, '01, third; June 26, 1899, R. W. Dunsmoor, '00, first; D. M. Barclay, second and G. D. Murch, '02, third; June 26, 1900, H. A. Chase, first; S. J. Parsons, '03, second and E. A. Chase, '03, third; June 24, 1901, E. A. Chase, '03, first and H. A. Chase, '02, second, each scoring 75; R. F. Barker, '03, third; June 23, 1902, Seth Williams, '03, first; J. H. Foster, '03, second and E. A. Chase, '03, third; June 22, 1903, R. L. Gilman, '04, and H. J. Betterly, '06, first; E. A. Chase, '03, third, suc- cessfully holding the prize two years; June 17, 1904, H. J. Betterly, '06, first; R. L. Gilman, '04, second and W.J. Martin, '07, third; June 19, 1905, C. A. Tenney,'06, first; J. H. Mears, '07, second and G. W. Cobb, '07, third; June 18, 1906, C. A. Tenney, '06, first; F. E. Stowe, '08, second and J. H. Mears, '07,third; June 24, 1907, W.J. Schakowski, '10, first; C. N. Barber, '08, second and F. S. Stow, third. In 1908 no contest was held; June 19, 1909, D. H. B. Starr, '11, first; R. E. Walbridge, '11, second and L. N. Burhoe, 272 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. '11, third; June 20, 1910, R. P. Lynde, '11, first; D. J. Smith, '11, second and R. E. Walbridge, '11, third. The prizes have done much to stimulate the interest in marks- manship and there has been great improvement in the scores made by the men. So far only three cadets have been able to suc- cessfully defend their medal. E. A. Chase, '03, successfully de- fended his medal in 1903, C. A. Tenney, '06, in 1906 and J. H. Hears, '07, in 1907. Expenses. One of the distinctive features of the University is the reason- able expense, which is lower than at any other institution in New England. While the expenses at the various colleges of the coun- try have been greatly increased there has been but a small ad- vance in the fees at Norwich. From 1884 until 1892 tuition was $45 a year and from 1892 to date S65. From 1884 until 1906 room rent was $15 a year. On the completion of Alumni Hall in 1906, room rent in the building was placed at $25 a year; and on the renovation of Jackman Hall, in 1908, rent in that building was increased to $25. During 1884-86, the library fee was $3 a year and the inci- dentals $5. In 1886 these two items were consolidated and this charge reduced to $5 a year. In 1900 it was increased to $10 a year, in 1901 to $12 and in 1903 to $15. In 1903 the reading room and library fee was made a separate item of $3 a year. Since 1901, the general engineering fee for the sophomore, junior and senior classes in Civil Engineering has been one dollar a term; physical laboratory fee for all the sophomore classes $3 a term; electrical engineering fee for the junior and senior class in that course $3 a term. The fees for the Summer School of En- gineering from 1901 to date, have been as follows: sophomore classes, tuition, $5, room rent, heat and lights, $3; junior and senior classes, tuition $10, room rent, heat and lights, $6; specials, $25, covering all fees. Until the installation of the steam heating plant in Jackman Hall in 1896, the cadets used stoves for heating and were obliged to attend to this work themselves. For many years the athletic work received from the various drills was supplemented by the daily exercise of bringing wood and coal from the historic sheds in the basement to the rooms. This work, and the care of the old kerosene lamps, added much labor to the daily routine of the cadet; and the coveted " 100," on room inspection on Sunday mornings EXPENSES, PRIZES AND MEDALS. 273 by the commandant, was much harder to obtain than it is today, as each stove had to be carefully polished, the lamps thoroughly cleaned and the rough floors washed. During 1896-1903 the charge for heat and lights was $18 a year; during 1903-05, $21, and during 1905 to date, $25. Begin- ning with 1906 the University has furnished the rooms with the necessary furniture at a cost of $10 a year. Board and laundry at the Mess Hall was $117 a year during 1889-1901 ; during 1901-02, $227, and 1902-03, $233. In 1903, the historic Mess Hall was discontinued, since which date the cadets have boarded at their Fraternity houses, or in town, the price ranging from $3 to $4 a week. Several of the cadets have practiced self-boarding at a price ranging from $1 . 25 to $2 a week. Prizes and Medals. The Senior Gold Medal is conferred upon the member of the senior class who has the highest academic standing from entrance to graduation. The cadets winning this medal are as follows : '96, Averill, James Leland '91, Booth, Alfred Franklin '01, Clark, Harry Guy '09, Clark, Walter Lucas '95, Davis, Fred Carnot '98, Dinsmoor, Paul Addison '90, Dressel, Herman, Jr. '03, Fuller, Samuel Leslie '93, Gaynor, Eben Watson '06, Gilman, Dana Howes '88, Johnson, Luther '89, Lamb, Fred Ellsworth '05, Lawrence, Ernest Allen '99, Moseley, John Pool '07, Pratt, Harry Chadwick '05, Randall, George Christopher '00, Richmond, Harold Samuel '92, Ryan, Edmond Henry '94, Smith, Raymond Underwood '10, Stebbins, Kenneth Foster '02, Stebbins, Lawrence Bernard '08, Stowe, Frederick Stevens '97, Walker, Charles Ernest ^ In 1897, Mr. George D. Thomas of the class of 1876, began giving a gold medal to the cadet who has the highest average for the year ending with the close of the winter term. This competi- 274 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. tion is open to the three upper classes. The cadets winning the medals are as follows : '12, Baker, Harold Tower, ira 1910 '01, Carr, Dean Orris, in 1901. '01, Clark, Harry Guy, in 1900 '09, Clark, Walter Lucas, in 1908 and 1909 '07, Pratt, Harry Chadwiek, in 1907 and 1907 '05, Lawrence, Ernest Allen in 1903 and 1904 '99, Moseley, John Pool, in 1898 and 1899 '04, Randall, George Christopher in 1902 '08, Stowe, Frederick Stevens, in 1906 '97, Winslow, Arthur Ellsworth, in 1897 Since 1897, Capt. E. A. Shuttleworth, U. S. A., of the class of .1891, has given a regulation foot officer's sword. to the member of the junior class having the highest standing from entrance to the close of the winter term of the junior year. The winners of this sword are as follows : '09, Clark, Howard Theodore, in 1908 '10, Collins, Everett, in 1909 '98, Duggan, Charles Edward, in 1897 '99, Eaton, Charles Horace, in 1898 '03, Foster, John Harold, in 1902 '06, Hovey, Bradford Pierce, in 1905 '05, Lawrence, Ernest Allen, in 1904 '08, O'Donnell, John Edward, 1907 '07, Pratt, Harry Chadwiek, in 1906 '04, Randall, George Christopher in 1903 '11, Richmond, Neal Willard, in 1910 '00, Sibley, Benton William, in 1899 '02, Watson, Guy Hemy, in 1901 '01, Wheatley, Charles Edwin, in 1900 During 1899-1901, the President of the University gave an athletic medal to encourage the interest in field sports. The winners of the medal were: Francis Byron Judd, '03, in 1901; Henry Ward Orser, '02, in 1899; William Oliver Tuck, Jr., '04, and Francis Bowen Upham, '03, in 1900. In 1900, to further increase the interest in baseball, Hon. E. R. Juckett, M. S., of the class of 1889, began giving a gold medal to the member of the team, either regular or substitute, who has the highest academic standing for the year. This medal has been won by the following men : '08, Brown, Thomas Wolcott, in 1905 '09, Clark, Walter Lucas, in 1907 and 1908 '07, Hears, John Herbert, in 1904 and 1906 PRIZES AND MEDALS. 275 '11, Richmond, Neal Willard, in 1909 '02, Stebbins, Lawrence Bernard, in 1901 '06, Tower, William Ainos, in 1903 '03, Williams, Seth, in 1900 Since 1899, a silver medal has been given to each of the three members of the sophomore and freshman classes, whose general average, military standing and academic, respectivelj', are the highest. The winners of the sophomore medals are as follows : '06, Betterley, Hugh James, Military Standing in 1904 '12, Cannon, Samuel Clark, Military Standing in 1910 '12, Baker, Harold Tower, Academic Standing and General Average in 1910 '01, Carr, Dean Orris, General Average and Academic Standing in 1899 '09, Clark, Frank Sheldon, Military Standing in 1907 '09, Clark, Howard Theodore, General Average, and Academic Standing in 1907 '10, Collins, Everett, General Average, Academic and Military Standing in 1908 '08, Frazer, Willis Percy, Military Standing in 190G '06, Gilman, Dana Howes, General Average, in 1904 '06, Edgerton, Halsey Charles, Academic Standing in 1904 '06, Hovey, Bradford Pierce, ^Military Standing in 1904 '05, Lawrence, Ernest Allen, General Average, Military and Academic Standing in 1903 '07, Pratt, Harry Chadwick, General Average, Military Standing, Academic Standing in 1905 '04, Randall, George Christopher, General Average, Militarj^ and Academic Standing in 1902 '11, Riclimond, Neal Willard, Military Standing in 1909 '11, Sabin, Karl Danforth, General Average, and Academic Standing in 1909 '02, Stebbins, Lawrence Bernard, Academic Standing in 1900 'OS, Stow, Frederick Stevens, General Average and Academic Standing in 1906 '02, Watson, Guy Henry, General Average and ^lilitary Standing in 1900 '01, Wheatley, Charles Edward, Military Standing in 1899 '03, Williams, Seth, General Average, Military and Academic Standing in 1901 The winners of the freshman medals are as follows : '12, Baker, Harold Tower, General Average, Academic and Militarj' Stand- ing in 1909 '06, Barker, Ludlow Osmond, General Average and Academic Standing in 1903 '05, Booth, Ralph Allerton, General Average, in 1902 '09, Clark, George Walter, Military Standing in 1906 '01, Clark, Harry Guy, Academic Standing in 1908 '10, Clark, Ralph Lucas, General Average in 1907 '10, Collins, Everett, Academic Standing in 1907 '03, Foster, John Harold, General Average and Military Standing in 1900 '06, Gilman, Dana Howes, Military Standing in 1903 276 NORWICH UNIVERSITY, '05, Lawrence, Ernest Allen, Academic Standing in 1902 ' 10, Light, Freeman, Military Standing in 1907 '09, Lord, Harold Merton, General Average and Academic Standing in 1906 '05, McFeeters, William Rensellaer, Military Standing in 1902 '07, Mears, John Herbert, Military Standing in 1904 '02, Peck, Martin William, Academic Standing in 1899 '07, Pratt, Harry Chadwick, Academic Standing in 1904 '04, Randall, George Christopher, General Average, Military and Academic Standing in 1901 '13, Rich, Irving Arquila, Military Standing in 1910 '01, Richardson, Jeffers Foster, General Average in 1898 '11, Richmond, Neal Willard, General Average, Academic and Military Stand- ng in 1908 '13, Shaw, Edmund Pond, Academic Standing, General Average in 1910 '08, Smallman, Edwin Watson, Academic Standing in 1905 '08, Stow, Frederick Stevens, General Average in 1905 '02, Swenson, Alfred, General Average in 1899 '02, Watson, Guy Henry, Military Standing in 1899 '01, Wheatley, Charles Edward, Military Standing in 1898 '08, Wheelock, Lyman Newton, Military Standing in 1905 ?03, Williams, Seth, Academic Standing in 1900 ATHLETICS. A baseball association was formed in the spring of 1885, with the following officers: president, C. H. Nichols, '86; vice- president, E. H. Prince, '86; secretary, C. H. Cheney, '86; treas- urer, E. V. Booth, '87;* umpire, F. R. Belknap, '85; The members of the team were: captain and catcher, P. M. Fletcher, '87; pitcher, C. H. Cheney, '86; short stop, George Gifford, '87; first base, H. S. Denny, '88; 2d base, W. E. Hassam, '87; 3d base, C. E. Austin, '87; right field, A. R. Shaw, '89; center field, C. H. Nichols, '86; left field, F. F. Haywood, '88. On March 12, 1887, delegates from the three colleges of Vermont met in Burlington and formed the Vermont College League. The following officers were elected: G. S. Wheelock, of U. V. M., president; E. E. Howe of Middlebury, vice-president; A. R. Shaw of "N. U." secretary; and E. L. Allen of Middlebury, treasurer. A series of six games was arranged and a pennant was to be given the winning team. The members of the team for this year were: E. R. Juckett, '89, catcher; T. J. Robbins, '90, pitcher; H. J. Cox, short stop; W. E. Terrill, '89, 1st base; W. E. Hassam, '87, 2d base; H. T. Way, '88, 3d base; A. R. Shaw, '89, right field; F. S. Palmer, '89, center field; and F. T. Austin, '87, left field. Nine games were played; only one was lost and that to the professional team of St. Albans by a close score. The BASE BALL. 277 University of Vermont was defeated in Burlington with a score of 7 to 0, and in Nortlifield, 23 to 6. Norwich won the state championship and received the pennant. The success of this team was due chiefiy to the careful training of Professor Cox, an old Harvard player. On March 10, 1888, a meeting of the Vermont College Base- ball League was held in Burlington. W. E. Terrill, " N. U." '89 was elected president; H. H. Ross of Middlebury and A. B. Gilbert of U. V. M. were elected vice-presidents; A. R. Shaw, "N. U.," '89, and A. B. Gilbert, a judiciary committee; P. H. Swett of U. V. M., secretary and treasurer. At this meeting, the Champion Base Ball Team, 1887^ pennant was awarded to " N. U.' ' A series of games was then arranged. The members of the " N. U." team were: G. E. Sleeper, '91; T. J. Robbins, '90; J. R. Langdon, '91; W. E. Terrill, '89; L. F. Bellinger, '92; F. S. Palmer, '89; A. B. Jones, '90; C. F. Par- ker, '90 and A. R. Shaw, '89. Ten games were played that year, five being won. The University of Vermont team was awarded the pennant. The third annual meeting of the Vermont College Baseball League was held at "N. U." in March, 1889. A protest was entered against awarding the pennant to the Vermont team, as it was known that they had employed professional players. After some discussion the pennant was awarded to the University 278 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. of Vermont team. " N. U." and Middlebury were tied for the second place. It was voted to continue the league. The officers elected were : president, F. L. Moon of U. V. M. ; vice-presidents, W. H. Sprague, " N. U.," '91, and E. B. Bryant of Middlebury; secretary and treasurer, G. E. Lavery of Middlebury; judiciary committee, E. B. Cleft of Middlebury, C. F. Parker, '' N. U.," '90, and J. M. Jackson of Vermont. In April, 1889, the University of Vermont team broke its agreement and withdrew from the league. The league was soon disbanded. This breaking up of the league lessened the enthusiasm for the sport at the Uni- versity. Several games were, however, played. The members of the team were: B. W. Gleason, '92; L. F. Bellinger, '92; E. R. Juckett, '89; W. E. Terrill, '89; E. A. Pond, '92; A. R. Shaw, '89; G. A. Tracy, '92; R. H. Ford, '92; C. F. Parker, '90. In March, 1890, the Baseball Association elected the following officers: president, E. A. Shuttleworth, '91; vice-president, B. W. Gleason, '92; secretary and treasurer, H. G. Woodruff, '91; business manager, C. H. Cheney, '86; captain, E. A. Pond, '92; executive committee, C. H. Chene}^, '86, E. A. Pond, '92, and R. W. Porter, '93. A small schedule was arranged, a game being played with Vermont. In March, 1891, the atliletic association was reorganized. The officers from this date were elected each term and a board of control consisting of the president, vice-president and secretary was appointed to have full charge of the athletic work of the University. The officers for this year were: presidents, H. G. Woodruff, '91, O. L. Pease, '92, W. H. Sprague, '91; vice-presi- dent, E. A. Shuttleworth, '91; secretaries, W. H. Sprague, '91, and C. G. Dole, '91; treasurers, B. W. Gleason, '92, and E. A. Shaw, '91; business manager, R. H. Ford, '92; Captain B. W. Gleason, 92. Eleven games were played by the team, seven being won. In 1891-92, the officers of the Athletic Association were: presidents, D, C. Webb, '92, and B. W. Gleason, '92; vice-presi- dent, H. C. Schiffer,' 94; treasurer, W. E. Hurlbut, '93; managers, H. C. Schiffer, '94, and O. L. Pease, '92. Only a few games were played this year, owing to the lateness in the organization of the team. The officers of the association for 1893-94 were: president, George E. Storrs, '94; secretary and treasurer L. C. Hulburd, '94; managing committee (fall, 1893), Prof. George A. Arnold, H. C. Moseley, '95, and A. H. Cushman, '96; managing committee, 280 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. spring 1894, E. W. Gibson, '94, L. C. Hulburd, '94, and H. C. Moseley, '95. Only a few games were played this year. The officers for 1894-95 were: president, C. J. Scribner, '96; vice-president, J. L, Averill, '96; secretary and treasurer, D. C. Warren, '95; managing committee. Professor Savage, P. R. Hoefler, '95; C. A. Plumley, '96; C. S. Carleton, '96, Lieut. H. C. Keene, U. S. A., F. J. Donahue, '95; manager C. S. Carleton,'96. A larger schedule was played this year and with better success. '^' In February, 1896, an executive committee consisting of W. A. Shaw, '88, C. J. Scribner, '96, and P. A. Dinsmoor, '98, was elected to manage the athletic work. P. A. Dinsmoor, '98, was elected manager of the team and Professor Stevens, captain. Nine games were played, Norwich scoring 90 points to their opponents' 77. In the spring of 1897 a series of entertainments were given by the corps for the benefit of the baseball team. In 1898 the Athletic Association was again reorganized and new constitution adopted, which gave the officers of the association full control of the various teams. In January, 1899, the officers of the association were elected as follows: president, L. F. Chamberlain, '01; vice-president, G. P. Lovell, '99; secretary, J. F. Richardson, '00; treasurer, H. K. Brooks, '99. R. P. Watson, '02, was elected captain of the team in place of John P. Moseley, '99, resigned. On February 22, 1899, a "Hank White" show was given for the benefit of the association. Five games were played, three being won. In the spring of 1900, H. C. Moseley, '95, was engaged to coach the baseball teams. Seven games were played. In the winter of 1900-'01 the association was reorganized and a new constitution adopted which provided for a board of directors to be chosen from the alumni and faculty. The officers for the association for this year were : president, W. E. Robertson, '01; vice-president, R. T. Phinney, '02; secretary, G. C. Randall, '04; business manager, Frank Strong, '02; assistant business manager, G. E. Dunham, '02. A schedule of thirteen games was arranged, five being with the following colleges: Syracuse, Tufts, Middlebury, University of Toronto, and the Massachusetts Agricultural college. The officers of the association for 1901-02 were: F. H. Burr, '02, president; J. H. Foster, '03, vice-president; K. R. B. Flint, '03, secretary; F, L. Metzger, '03, manager; C. O. Burt, '04, assistant base'ball. 281 manager. Six games were played by the team. The members of the team for the season 1903 were: H. A. |^Chase, '02, catcher; J. K. Morris, '04, pitch?r; J. J. Howard, '05, short stop; J. C. Coulombe, '05, 1st base; W. C. Thompson, '03, 2d base; C. R, Calderwood, 3d base; W. E. C. Washburn, '04, right field ;^W. C. Newell, '06, center field; W. E. Carleton, '06, left field. Nine games were played, Norwich winning 85 points and their opponents' 53. In 1904, nine games were played, the team winning four games, and 56 points to their opponents' 61. For 1904-05, the officers of the association were: Prof. C. V. Woodbury, president; B. P. Hovey, '06, secretary; athletic committee, W. E. Terrill, '89, H. C. Moseley, '95, J. H. Denny, '05, B. P. Hovey, '06, and R. J. Potter, '07. The members of the team were: E. J. Cray, '07, catcher; J. C. Coulombe, '05, pitcher; G. M. Moore, '07; 1st base; R. M. Blanchard, '08, 2d base; J. E. O'Donnell '08, 3d base; F. M. Barney, '09, right field, R. D. Potter, '07, centerfield; R. P. Watson, '07, left field. There was a decided improvement this year in the team. Nine games were arranged with college teams. Norwich won six games, and 43 points to their opponents' 35, only losing to Middlebury and Vermont. In the first game with the Vermont team, " N. U." lost to a score of 8-0. A return game was plaj'ed at the Inter-City park in Montpelier. Norwich played a fine game, only losing with a score of 3 to 0. The \'ermont team was only credited with one earned run. This game greatly increased the prestige of the Norwich team. Great credit should be given to J. C. Coulombe, '05, for his work in this game, only allowing five hits, while Norwich got six hits off from Campbell, the famous U. V. M. pitcher. In 1906, nine games were played, the team winning six games and 63 pointstotheir opponents' 50. This year they played with the Dartmouth team for the j&rst time. In 1906-07, C. N. Barber, '08, served as manager, R. L. Andrews, '09, as assistant manager, and J. E. O'Donnell, captain. Twelve games were played. In 1908, W. L. Clark, '09, served as manager; J. B. Carswell, '10, assistant manager; F. M. Barney as captain. Ten games were played. In the fall of 1909, H. A. Whitney, M. D., a grad- uate of the University of Vermont ]\Iedical College of the class of 1907, and a prominent athlete of that institution was secured as athletic director. He at once began the developing of the team. The old Drill Hall was fitted up as a cage and work was begun Base Ball Team, 1910. FOOT BALL. 283 in the fall. Ten games were arranged, several being with college teams. Norwich won five, and played a to game with Manhat- tan; also winning 64 points to their opponents' 41. In 1909-10, the systematic training given the team by Doctor Whitney began to show and the w^ork this year was a decided improvement. Ten games were played, seven with college teams and two with the strong cavalry team of Fort Ethan Allen. Norwich won five games, winning 61 points to their opponents' 59. Three games were played with Middlebury; Norwich won the first with a score of 11 to 0, and was defeated in the second with a score of 5 to 0. The third game was one of the most interesting of the season as Middlebury was playing Fisher, a member of the New York Americans, yet, regardless, of the fame of this pitcher, Norwich won with a score of 8 to 3. The strong Colby college team w-as defeated in a closely contested game with a score of 10 to 9. The members of the team were: C. F. Murray, '13, catcher; A. W. Reid, '10, and E. A. Parkman, '12, pitchers; H. N. Gordon, '11, short stop; T. W. Earle, '10, 1st base; H. S. Burwell, '13, 2d base; W. F. Hayes, '13, 3d base; G. E. Carpenter, '11, and J. E. Miles, '12, right field; F. W. Hemenway, '12, center field; A. E. Piatt, '12, left field. FOOT BALL. The first football team organized at the University, since the days of the Parade football mentioned in Chapter IV., was organized in the fall of 1892. The only game so far as known was played on December 3, between two teams made up of cadets. H. C. Moseley, '95, served as captainof one team and C. J. Scribner, '96, the second. In the fall of 1893, the team was reorganized by Prof. George A. Arnold, a graduate of Tufts College. The first game ever played on the Norwich grounds, with an outside team, was with Mont- pelier Seminary, October 9, Norwich winning with a score of 14 to 0. The members of the team were: A. E. Lewis, '97, right end; H. C. Kerr, '96, right tackle; E. M. McCarty, '96, right guard; J. E. Ross, '94, center: W. P. Beauclerk, '96, left guard; E. W. Gibson, '94, left tackle; C. S. Carleton, '96, left end; P. R. Hoefler, '95, quarter back; H. C. Moseley, '95, full back; A. H. Cushman, '96, right half back and George A. Arnold, full back and captain. Mr. Hankins of Dartmouth, served as coach. Ten games were played, seven being won, and one tie game. Middlebury was 284 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. defeated with a score of 34 to 11 ; but the team was defeated by the University of Vermont with a score of 50 to 0. In the season of 1894 and 1895, several games were played with fair success. In the fall of 1896, W. H. Randall, a graduate of Dartmouth College was secured and through his work the team made a better showing. During the years of 1897 and 1898, the team played with indifferent success. In the fall of 1899, a number of promising athletes entered the University, and new interest was taken in the game. A Mr. Cook, a student at Dartmouth, was secured as coach. Mr. R. G. Rich, '00, served as manager of the team. Five games were played, three being won, Norwich winning 134 points to their opponents' 23. The University of Vermont was again played with better suc- cess, the team being defeated by a score of 13 to 0. The members of the team were C. D. Hazen, '01, H. S. Frost, '03, J. T. Smith, '02, R. G. Rich, '00. C. L. Pelkey, '03, Eliot Granger, '03, H. A. Chase,' '02, C. E. Wheatley, '01, H. O. Young, '03, J. P. Moseley, '99, H. W. Orser, '02. In the season of 1900, Mr. Cook of Dartmouth again coached the team. C. G. Eastman, '03, served as manager and C. D. Hazen, '01, as captain. Five games were played, three being won. A tie game was played with Middlebury with a score of 5 to 5. Nor- wich won 95 points to their opponents' 55. In the fall of 1901, Mr. George S. Pratt, Bowdoin, '00, was se- cured as coach. R. L. Wilkins, '03, served as manager and J. E. McGreen, '04, assistant manager; Frank Strong, '02, as captain. Only very few games were played this year, and with poor success. In the fall of 1902 it was voted by the corps to discontinue the game that year. In the fall of 1903, a large number of athletes entered the University. An effort was made to conduct a University team, but without success. Mr. R. D. Potter, one of the freshmen, with his characteristic energy, organized a team from his class and later a Sophomore-Freshman team was formed, with Mr. Potter as cap- tain. Five games were played with only one defeat, the team winning 135 points to their opponents' 15. The men playing in the Goddard game were: R. M. Blanchard, '08; P. C. Sinclair, '05; F. N. Tinker, '06; E. D. Huntley, '08; S. W. Bampton, '06; J. C. Coulombe, '05; F. M. Barney, '07; W. E. C. Washburn, '04; R. D. Potter, '07; W. E. Carleton, '06; H. A. Ransom, '07; C. R. An- drew, '06; W. T. Randall, '07. The season of 1904 opened with bright prospects for victories, 286 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. which were realized. Five victorious games were played. Middle- bury was defeated 17 to 0, but the great game was with the Uni- versity of Vermont. For many years the Norwich teams had suffered inglorious defeat and the University of Vermont felt they were invulnerable. The Norwich team went to Burlington with the spirit of the University motto, " I Will Try/ ' and in a hard fought contest Vermont met its Waterloo at the hands of the Norwich Napoleon, Potter, '07. Vermont was defeated by a score of 15 to 0. Norwich won this season 49 points to their op- ponents' 0. The lineup of the team this year was as follows : W. T. Randall, '07, and A. R.. Hutchins, '08, left end; S. W. Bampton, '06, left tackle; E. D. Huntley, '08, left guard; F. N. Tinker, '06, center; C. A. Wood, '07, right guard; H. J. M. Smith, '08, right taclde; R. D. Potter, '07, quarter back; R. M. Blanchard, '08, right half back; F. N. Barney, '07, left half back, and J. C. Coulombe, '05, full back. In 1905, six games were played with poor success. The University team was defeated by Vermont with a score of 26 to 0. G. M. Moore, '07, served as manager, E. W. Smallman, '08, as assistant manager and E. D. Huntley, '09, as captain. The season of 1906 opened with brighter prospects for a win- ning team. ''Jimmie" Turner, a student of Dartmouth college, was secured as coach; L. J. Clarkson, '08, served as manager, W. L. Clark, '09, assistant manager, and E. D. Huntley, '08, as cap- tain. Six games were played this year, Norwich winning only one. This year the games were played with college teams. The power- ful Dartmouth team was held to a score of 5 to 0, with the result that the manager of the Brown University team telegraphed for a game. In this game Norwich scored a touchdown, but was defeated by a score of 26 to 4 ; Vermont only defeated the team by a score of 5 to 0. In 1907, Mr. Turner was again secured as coach and, through his energetic work, soon developed a winning team. L. J. Clark- son, '07, served as manager; C. F. Campbell, '10, assistant manager; C. N. Barber, '08, and E. D. Huntley, '08, as captains. Eleven games were arranged with college teams; Norwich won five and tied two, winning 70 points to their opponents '68. Dartmouth was held to a score of 12 to on September 28. In this game L. J. Clarkson, '08, the energetic manager, received injuries of which he died September 30. Clarkson 's death greatly dampened the ardor of the team; yet they followed his last instructions to " play the schedule out regardless of his fate." Vermont was played FOOT BALL. 287 FOOTBALL HARVARD -YALE GAME OF VT. illBtf|[i,t) UNIVERSITY ^^^«^ AT nVTEROTY PARK with a score of 11 to 11, and Holy Cross with a score to 0; Middlebury was defeated in two games, in the first 5 to 0, and in the second 6 to 5. In 1908, Mr. James Turner served as coach; Freeman Light, '10, as manager and J. B. Carswell, '10, as assistant manager, and M. H. Damon as cajitain. Eight games were played, Norwich winning 39 points to their opponents ' 44. Middleliury was defeated in two gams, 22 to and 10 to 0. Two games wereplay ed with Vermont. In the first Norwich was defeated 11 to 0. The second was played at Inter- C'ity park in jNIontpe- lier before a large crowd. The state legislature adjourned to witness the game. After a severe fight Norwich was defeated with a score of 11 to 6. In 1909, Mr. Tur- ner again served as coach, F. A. Smith, '11, as manager and C. F. Campbell, '10, as cap- tain. Seven games were played with col- leges. The team won two games, and only scoring 24 points to their opponents' 48. Wesley an was defeated by a score of 6 to 0, and Middlebury by 13 to 0; Amherst was played, neither team scoring; Vermont was victorious by a score of 11 too. In 1910, Mr. R. D. Potter, '07, was secured as coach. He at once took up the work with vigor. D. H. B. Starr, '11, served as manager, H. L. Dean, '12, assistant manager, H. J. M. Smith, '11, captain. Eight games were played. Owing to the service of the corps at the state fair at White River Junction, the work of the team was greatly handicapped. St. Michael's college was defeated on the fair grounds in a practice game 32 to 0. Four Both Teams are Licepdonaliy Strong Thts Year, and a Hard Fought Game is Assured. Special Trains will Bring Large Numbers of Rooters from Each College. Came Called at 3K)0 P. M. TWMOftWKM .ADCTS >• »• mtt<,m^Bi •d br »• -tn «WH:HC*OfTI..UI MT UNO " »• -SMAPPICSr- evfcO k«a« to Nan b«l«Ml. atllck •« l»d tiM <*«•!• M> (•••b U«M> -SNAKE OAIKC- to«t>«*« tKa h* *M. V* r»*«l «lBto« fw k«r»*«t Ik* W*l taOtf band >■. M*. OslJiwl Md t*>»r* >fl ha M totVMM rt«»»T b^ »• •M».n^ TH I* te>W «■ l*»« Ika V. m»„l ,«,.,. .n U-1, ..h»m« *- *■ HeK li th€ OpportioitT ( T Evcyo oe to Witness ■Tbc Bic GAmc" ol th< S«a«>o m Vermoat. ADMISSION, 50 cents 1 FOOT BALL. 289 strong teams, Amherst, Brown, Wesleyan, and Trinity were then played, Norwich failing to score in any of these games. Great credit should be given the team f or its w^ork in holding Trinity to a score of 9 to 0. The Hartford, Conn., papers praised the Norwich team and even conceded that Norwich played the better game, only being defeated by flukes and a questionable decision. The next game was with Vermont, and Coach Potter had carefully trained his team for the game. It was again played at Intert City park at Montpelier. The Vermont team was especially strong this year and had just held Cornell to a score of 9 to 6; so even the inost loyal supporters of the Norwich team were doubtful of the result. The "N. U." team went into the game with the spirit of winning. Norwich played the Vermont team off its feet; it was able to circle the ends, go through the line, and hold at will the heavier line and more than held its own on punting. At the end of the second period the score stood 17 to 0. In the last period Norwich played a defensive game, only working to hold the points gained. It W'as significant that Mr. Potter, who played on the " N. U.' ' team that gave Vermont the crushing defeat in 1904, was victorious in the game of 1910. Eight games were played, and four victories won. The team scored 103 points to its opponents' 81. Middle- bury w'as defeated in the last game of the season by a score of 29 to 5. The lineup of the team at the Vermont game was; J. P. Lee, '13, left end; G. A. Carpenter, '11, left tackle; D. H. B. Starr, '11, left guard; S. C. Cannon, '12, center; C. H. Alvord, '13, right guard; H. J. M. Smith, '11, right tackle; Cleveland Weed, '14, right end; F. H. Colburn, '12, quarter back; A. L. Kelley, '13, right half back; H. S. Burwell, '13, left half back; R. H. Under- hill, '13, full back; substitutes, F. V. Hemenway, '12, H. L. Butlef, '13,. L. C. Taft, '13. The officers for the season of 1911 are, H. L. Deane, '12, manager, and S. C. Cannon, '12, captain. It is but justice to Mr. Potter to state that through his energetic work in 1903 and 1904, he placed the -Norwich team in the college class. Great credit should be given E. D. Huntley, '09, C. N. Barber, '08 and H. J. M. Smith, '11, for their work in developing the team. For some years most of the games were played with preparatory schools, but at present Norwich is playing as good a schedule as any college team in New^ England. The work of the team perhaps has done as much as any one agency to increase the attendance at the Institution. 290 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. BASKET BALL. So far as known, the first attempt to form a basket ball team was in February, 1901. R. T. Phinney, '02, was elected manager and W. O. Tuck, '04, assistant manager. No records of games have been preserved. In November, 1901, a basketball team was organized with F. H. Burr, '02, as manager. Several games were played. The game was given up until the fall of 1903, when a number of experienced players entered the University. A team was organized with the following players : R. D. Potter, '07, left guard; J. C. Coulombe, '05, right guard; E. J. Cray, '07, center; D. P. Thompson, '05, left forward and G. M. Moore, '07, right for- ward and captain. In several of the games W. K. Means, '07, played as left forward and R. P. Watson, '07, right forward. Seven- teen games were played. Norwich won seven and tied in two games. J. E. McGreen, '05, served as manager. In 1904-05, the officers of the team were: S. W. Bampton, '06, manager; G. M. Moore, '07, captain. Eleven games were played, six bemg won. The team scored 267 points to their opponents' 224. Two games were played with the Vermont team. In the first Norwich was defeated with a score of 25 to 8, and in [the second Norwich was victorious, winning by a score of 40 to 10. In 1905-06, L. E. Knight, '07, served as manager; G. F. Mitchell, '08, as assistant, and G. M. Moore, '07, as captain. Nine games were played. In 1906-07, M. S. Wilder, '08, served as manager, E. S. Harbour, '09, as assistant manager and R. P. Watson, '07, as captain. Nine games were played. The members of the team were: M. S. Wilder, '08, center; R. P. Watson, '07, and A. W. Reid, '10, backs; F. M. Barney, '09 and G. E. Carpenter, '09, forwards; E. S. Harbour, '09, F. J. McCarthy, '08 and G. E. Ames, '09, substitutes. In 1907-08, E. S. Harbour, '09, served as manager, J. B. Carswell, '10, as assistant manager, and F. M. Barney, '09 as captain. Thirteen games were played. These games proved of great interest in town and were well attended. This sport was discontinued at the end of the season of 1908. Many attempts have been made to conduct field sports during commencement week, but with very little success. They were given on June 12, 1888, and June 25, 1889. They were suspended from this last date until 1897, when, through the enterprise of the graduating class of that year, they were revived under the leader- ship of D. W. Sutherland, '97; several interesting events were given. They were continued by the class of 1898, and were wit- nessed by a large crowd. They were not given in 1899, but were ATHLETIC CLUBS-FRATERNITIES. 291 resumed on June 26, 1900. The various events of that year were especially good. They were given again on June 25, 1901, since which date they have not been held; although several attempts have been made to revive them. Attention has also been paid to other sports. In 1890, a hockey club was formed and at irregular intervals this sport has been continued to date. In the early Nineties a bicycle club was formed and this sport was continued for some time. In April, 1894, a tennis association was formed with the following officers: president, R. S. Dowe, '95; vice-president, R. D. Baker, '95; secretary and treasurer, P. R. Hoefler, '95. From this time con- siderable attention has been given to the sport, though no regular teams have been maintained. In the winter of 1898-99, a skeeing club was formed and this sport has been continued to the present time. A toboggan club was also formed in 1898-99, which was continued for some time. Of late years much attention has been paid to snowshoeing. During this period the fraternities have become very pros- perous. The 6X and the AIII fraternities (q.v.) now own valuable property. On Maj'" 9, 1904, the AK¥ was organized and on March 18, 1908, became the Alpha Chapter of the I(PE (q. v.), a national fraternity. In the winter of 1906, the Commons Club (q. v.) was organized and continued until February 10, 1910, when the active members formed tlic 0KJ fraternity (q. v.) ""n the fall of 1910, the old Commons Club was revived through the efforts of M. J. Buck, '12, and others of the undergradu- ates, and in Deceml^er it was incorporated by the state legislature. The former residence of Professor Dole, at the Center, which was opened as a boarding hall for cadets in the fall of 1910, was secured by the club for a boarding hall and club rooms. Several benevo- lent friends have given them assistance in purchasing necessary furniture. Various clubs sucii as the "Frankfurters" have been formed from time to time but have only enjoyed a brief existence. In the fall of 1905, the three fraternities formed a set of rules in regard to the time of "chinning" for. new members, which were enforced until 1910. During the first part of this period much attention was paid to debating; but in the latter years very little work was done in this line until the spring of 1908, when the Middlebury College freshman class challenged the "N.U." freshmen to a debate in Middlebury. 2192 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. The challenge was accepted and after some preliminary work, Fred M. Earle, Glenn M. Eastman, M. R. Nichols, and P. J. Lowell (alternate) were selected to represent " N. U." The subject was, "Resolved: that the U. S. Government should subsidise the Mer- chant Marine." The Norwich team chose the affirmative side of the question. The debate was given in May and after a spirited contest the " N. U." freshmen were defeated. Owing to the in- terest aroused by this debate, the Norwich Tribunal was organ- ized on December 8, 1908, with the following officers: president, G. M. Eastman, '11; vice-president, F. H. Colburn, '12; secretary, F. S. Clark, '09. In 1909, Middlebury College challenged Norwich to an inter- collegiate debate, which was accepted. This was the first inter- collegiate debate ever held in the state. The subject selected was, "Resolved that the Optional Referendum as used in the Swiss National Government should be adopted by our State Gover- ments." Norwich chose the negative side of the question. The men making the debating team this year were: Fred M. Earle, '11, Phillip R. Shailler, '11, Glenn M. Eastman, '11, and Tarknath Das, '11 (alternate). The debate was held in Dewey Hall, April 23, 1909. The judges were Hon. F. A. Howland of Montpelier, Principal E. G. Ham of Randolph, and Judge Zed Stanton of Roxbury . After an exciting contest Middlebury was again vic- torious. In November, 1909, the Tribunal elected the following officers: F. H. Colburn, '12; vice-president, H. N. Gordon, '11; secretary, Crosby Adams, '10; executive committee, J. H. Whitney, '10; G. D. Stahl, '11, and C. L. Whipple, '12. An effort was made by Norwich to continue the intercollegiate debates with Middle- bury, but without success. Since 1909, no active work has been done by the Tribunal. During the early years of this period a great deal of attention was paid to theatrical work. The dX Fraternity presented on February 27 and 28, 1884, the play "Darkness and Daylight," at Concert Hall; and on April 17 and 18, 1885, the AIU Fraternity presented the play, "The Loyal Mountaineer, or the Guerrilla's Doom," at Concert Hall. Very little attention was paid to theat- rical work from 1888 until November, 1893, when a Dramatic Association was formed, with the following officers: president, G. E. Storrs, '94; secretary and treasurer, H. H. Stearns, '94; manager, H. C. Moseley, '95. On February 19, 1894, the asso- ciation presented in Northfield the farce, "Turn Him Out," and TIHETORICAL WORK — JOURNALISTIC ASSOCIATION. 293 the drama "Our Folks"; and on March 3, the play "Cool Col- legians." On February 11, 1902, the Ain Fraternity presented the drama the "Rough Rider." The cadets taking part were, J. T. Smith, '02, K. R. B. Flint, '03, E. S. Ball, '03, J. K. Morris, '04, G. C. Eastman, '03, H. A. Chase, '02 and J. H. Denny, '04. The regular declamation work on Friday afternoons was continued for several years. Beginning with the winter of 1886-87, the corps was organized either as a Senate, or a House of Repre- sentatives, for practical work in legislative methods and for de- bates. This form of rhetorical work was held each year that the Vermont legislature was in session and was continued until about 1900. This form of work proved of great advantage to the cadets, several of whom have later seen much service in the legislative halls of this and other states. The work was generally taken seriously and the cadets of the period will remember with amuse- ment the flights of oratory hurled against the passage of such bills as the making of Georgia and Stowe state hunting parks, and the impeachment of "Governor Dowe." Since 1908 the rhetorical work of the cadets has been confined to the freshman class work. In INIay, 1892, a Press Club was formed for the purpose of furnishing the papers of the country with information concerning the affairs of the University. The following officers were elected : president, F. A. Manual, '93 ; secretary, E. W. Gaynor, '93 ; trea- surer, G. E. Storrs, '94. This club was continued until 1894. At various times attempts were made to organize a club , but without success until June 1909, when an organization was perfected with the following officers: H. N. Gordon, '11, president; C. L. Whipple, '12, vice-president; C. F. Murray, '13, secretary and treasurer. This board of officers has been continued to date. On May 25, 1903, the Reveille was represented at the aimual meeting of the New England Inter-Collegiate Press Association, in Boston, by K. R. B. Flint, '03. In April, 1909, the Norwich University Journalistic Asso- ciation was formed for the purpose of " encouraging literary and journalistic work, to unite more closely the alumni, faculty, and the student body, to supervise the printing of the various student publications and to place the Institution more consistently before the public." A committee of five, consisting of Prof. K. R. B. Flint (chairman), Prof. E. A. Winslow, Prof. E. A. Spear, W. F. Johnson, '10, and L. N. Burhoe, '11, was appointed to draft a Constitution and By-Laws for the government of the Association. The constitution was adopted June 23, 1909. 294 NORWICH UNIVEKSITY. A reception was given President Charles H. Lewis, at Howe's Hall, June 16, 1882, at 8 p. m. Mr. Isaac N. Jenks of Northfield introduced the guests. Speeches were made by Hon. Frank Plumley, President Lewis, Dr. P. D. Bradford, Col. F. V. Randall, and Judge Heman Carpenter; music was furnished by the Northfield orchestra. Receptions were given various members of the faculty and prominent guests during 1883-97. Since 1897 President Brown and President Spooner have given recep- tions to the cadets and friends of the University, during the fall term and at commencement. These receptions have been the most interesting social events of the academic year. The social life of the cadet has not been neglected. For many years a lecture course was given in town, the cadets being among the most liberal supporters. Many prominent citizens of this and other states have delivered addresses before the corps. Many musical and literary entertainments have been given on the Hill since the completion of Dewey Hall. For the last few years the fraternities, classes, and the various atliletic and musical organizations, have given hops in Dewey Hall, which have been well attended by the alumni and residents of the town. For several years the various chm-ches of Northfield have given re- ceptions to the freshman class in the fall term, and have through their various church socials assisted in making the stay of the cadet in town pleasant. On June 19, 1885, Professor Habel gave a dinner to the graduating class and faculty at his home, in accordance with a custom at the German Universities. In the last few years the corps have been given addresses by the alumni on practical en- gineering work . Since 1891 several dancing schools have been conducted in town and on the Hill by the cadets. SHELDON PRIZE SPEAKING CONTESTS. In 1889, Mr. N. L. Sheldon, of the class of 1884, in order to stimulate in the corps of cadets an interest in public speaking, founded the Sheldon Prizes, for competition between the sopho- more and freshman classes. Two prizes were given until 1893, then three were offered. All the members of the two classes were required to participate in the exercises as a part of the regular rhetorical work. Beginning with 1896, preliminary contests were held in the spring term for the selection of the men for the final competition at commencement. Until 1904, ten men were chosen for the final competition and after that date eight. SHELDON PRIZE SPEAKING. 295 For many years the cadets took great interest in the contest. There was great rivah-y between the two fraternities in securing the coveted prizes. They gave the contestants much training in their lodge rooms, even hiring elocutionists to assist in the work. In many cases the former winners of the prizes gave their fra- ternity brothers the benefit of their training. Through this energetic work many a backward cadet was made a prize win- ner. Until the completion of Dewey Hall in 1902, these contests were held in Concert Hall and formed one of the most attractive features of the conunencement week exercises. Owing to the increased amount of work required of the freshman and so])homore classes, it was decided not to hold the contest in 1910. The first contest was held at 8 p. m., Tuesday, June 25, 1889. The contestants were : George F. Abbott, E. L. Young, A. F. Booth, H. C. Sweeney, P. G. Smith, and E. A. Shaw of the class of 1891 ; and E. H. Ryan, M. I. Gilder and R. H. Ford of the class of 1892. The judges were Prof. Charles Wesley Emerson of Boston, Rev. A. J. Hough of Montpelier, and Rev. A. H. Webb of Northfield. The first prize was won b}^ E. H. Ryan, '92 and the second by G. L. Ballou, '91. Tlio Cadet hand and Chase's orchestra fur- nished music. The second contest was held Tuesda}^ at 8 p.m., June 24, 1890. The contestants were : E. H. Ryan, R. W. Porter, B. W. Gleason, M. I. Gilder and R. H. Ford of the class of 1892; and E. W. Gaynor, G. I.. Andrews, E. C. Bennett, E. W. Clark, and F. D. Holbrook of the class of 1893. The judges were: Rev. A. J. Hough, C. A. Livingstone of Montpelier, and J. B. Adams of Randolph. E. W. Gaynor, '93 won tlie first prize and E. C. Bennett, '93, the second. The third contest was held June 23, 1891. The judges were: Rev. V. M. Hardy, of Randolph, Rev. G. W. Gallagher and F. J. Martin of Montpelier. The first prize was won by E. W. Gaynor, '93, and the second by E. C. Bennett, '93; music was furnished by Chase's orchestra. The fourth contest was held June 28, 1892. The contestants were:F. A. Gokey, 93; H. B. Wason, E. W. Gibson, George E. Storrs of the class of 1894, B. H. Prior, George Donnelly, H. C. Moseley, P. R. Hoefler, U. J. Ryan and W. G. Huntley, of the class of 1895. The judges were: Prof. S. J. Blanpied of Montpelier, Lieut. George W. Getchell, U. S. A., and Mr. J. A. DeBoer of Montpelier. The first prize was won by W. G. Huntley, '95, and the second by B. H. Prior, '95. E. W. Gibson and G. E. 296 NORWICH UNIVERSITY, Storrs received honorable mention; Chase's orchestra furnished the music. The fifth contest was held June 26, 1893. The contest- ants were: H. C. Moseley, H. H. Stearns, E. W. Gibson, George Donnelly, F. J. Donahue, of the class of 1895; and James L. Averill, H. S. Clark, E. M. McCarty, A. H. Cushman, W. G. Brooks, C. A. Plumley and C. S. Carleton of the class of 1896. The judges were: Rev. A. H. Webb and Rev. Allen Judd of Northfield, and Lieut. George W. Getchell,^U. S. A. E. W. Gibson, '95, won the first prize, C. A. Plumley, '96, the second, and H. C. Moseley, '95, the third. The sixth contest was held on June 30, 1894. The contest- ants were: C. J. Scribner, C. S.'^Carleton, H. S. Clark, James L. Averill, C. H. Brooks, F. B. Thomas, A. H. Cushman and W. G. Brooks of the class of 1896; and W. C. Spafford and H. V. Dunham, of the class of 1897. The judges were: Mr. W. A. Lord, Prof. E. M. Smith and Judge Hiram Carleton of Montpelier. The first prize was awarded to H. S. Clark, '96, the second to F. B. Thomas, '96, and the third to C. S. Carleton, '96. The seventh contest was held June 25, 1895. The contest- ants were: H. E. Caswell, W. C. Spafford, H. V. Dunham, C. E. Walker of the class of '97; T. B. Gleason, '98, F. W. Denison, '98, C. E. Duggan, '98, G. H. Ellis and A. E. Winslow, '98. The judges were: Frank J. Martin of Barre, Rev. A. J. Sherburne of Williams- town, and Miss H. L. Chase of Tilton, N. H. H. V. Dunham won the first prize; W. C. Spafford, the second and A. E. Wins- low, the third. Music was furnished b}^ the Columbian Quartette of Northfield. The preliminary contest was held April 8 and 9, 1896. The eighth contest was held June 23d. The contestants were: Thomas B. Gleason, Joseph H. Ladd, Edwin Booth, Frank W. Denison, Charles E. Duggan of the class of 1898; and Leon B. Allen, George P. Lovell, John L. Tupper, Fred A. Webster and John P. Moseley, of the class of 1899. The judges were: Judge Zed Stanton of Rox- bury, Prof. R. E. Stevens of Hanover, N. H., and Mrs. Sarah M. Weeks of St. Albans. The first prize was awarded to John L. Tupper, the second to John P. Moseley, and the third to George P. Lovell. In 1897, the preliminary contest was held April 20 and 21, and the regular contest on June 29. The contestants were: L. B. Allen, F. A. Webster, H. K. Brooks of the class of 1899; and Charles Batchelder, J. S. Batchelder, N. M. Davis, R. W. Duns- SHELDON PRIZE SPEAKING. 297 moor, H. S. Richmond and F. F. Willey of the class of 1900. The judges were Gen. J. H. Lucia, and Rev. Andrew Gillies of Montpelier and Rev. H. W. R. Stafford of Barre. The first prize was awarded to R. W. Dunsmoor, '00, the second to H. K. Brooks,' 99, and the third to H. S. Richmond, '00. The tenth contest was held on June 28, 1898. The contest- ants were: B. F. Allen, S. H. Ashley, M. L. Poor of the class of 1900; and J. F. Richardson, W. S. Pingree, I. C. Ellis, C. E. Wheatley, W. E. Robertson and P. P. Learnard of the class of 1901. The judges were F. A. Howland of Montpelier, Rev. Homer White of Randolph, and Rev. S. C. Johnson of Northfield. W. S. Pingree won the first prize, B. F. Allen, the second and C. E. Wheatley the third. George Wilder of Montpelier furnished the music. The eleventh contest was held June 27, 1899. The judges were Rev. S. H. McCollester, '51, Rev. William J. Harris of Barre, and Rev. A. W. C. Anderson of Northfield. The first prize was awarded to W. E. Robertson, '01; the second to J. F. Richardson, '00, and the third to M. W. Peck, '02. The preliminary contest was held in the chapel in Dodge Hall, May 15-17, 1900, and the twelfth contest was held on June 26, 1900. The contestants were: H. M. Hobson, '02, and S. L. Fuller, H. K. Briggs, F. L. Metzger, H. 0. Young, F. B. Judd, W. C. Thompson, W. R. Farrington, J. H. Foster, and A. R. Williams of the class of 1903. In 1901, the preliminary contest was held in Dodge Hall on Tuesday, May 21st. The thirteenth contest was held on June 25. The contestants were : J. H. Foster, K. R. B. Flint, W. M. Ander- son, M. M. Stocker and H. K. Briggs of the class of 1903; and George C. Randall, G. E. Dunham, H. R. Dillingham, W. O. Tuck, and V. J. Brennan of the class of 1904. The judges were: Hon. F. A. Howland and Librarian E. M. Goddard of Montpelier and Rev. C. H. Wells of Bethel. The first prize was awarded to W. O. Tuck, the second to J. H. Foster, and the third to K. R. B. Flint. In 1902, the preliminary contest was held in the chapel May 2, and the fourteenth contest on June 24. The contestants were: V. J, Brennan, W. S. Hutchinson, J. E. McGreen, G. C. Randall of the class of 1904; and Joseph H. Denny, Edward Moore, W. R. McFeeters and P. C. Sinclair of the class of 1905. The judges were Prof. F. A. Balch, (q. v.) of Jonesville, Vt., Rev. Paul F. Hoffman of Northfield, and Dr. F. N. Lynde, of 298 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. Barre. Joseph H. Denny won the first prize, Edward Moore the second and W. R. McFeeters, the third. The fifteenth contest was held on June 24, 1903. The con- testants were: E. A. Lawrence and P. C. Sinclair, of the class of 1905; M. L. Rumrill, W. E. Maxham, D. H. Oilman, C. R. Calder- wood, S. W. Bampton, L. O. Barker, and J. B, Swett of the class of 1906. The judges were Hon. Walter E. Ranger, State Superin- tendent of Education; Rev. Walter Dole, '70, and Principal E. M. Roscoe of Waterbury. The first prize was awarded to Dana H. Gilman, the second to C. R. Calderwood, and the third to L. 0. Barker; music was furnished by the cadet orchestra. The sixteenth contest was held June 21, 1904. The con- testants were: W. S. Clarke, M. L. Rumrill, C. A. Tenney, and J. B. Swett, of the class of 1906; and Harry C. Pratt, B. M. Shepard, L. H. Davis, J. H. Mears, and W. J. Martin, of the class of 1907. The judges were Hon. Frank A. Howland of Montpelier, Rev. F. B. Kellogg of Waterbury, and Principal C. H. Morrill of Ran- dolph. The first prize was won by B. M. Shepard, the second by W. S. Clarke, and the third by H. C. Pratt. The seventeenthcontestwasheldon June 20, 1905. The con- testants were: J. H. Mears, L. E. Knight, Leroy H. Davis, and E. W. Smallman of the class of 1907; K. F. Baldwin, W. P. Eraser, T. R. Thomas, L. E. C. Amidon, and F. H. C. Graves of the class of 1908. The first prize was awarded to W. P. Fraser, the second to L. E. C. Amidon, and the third to J. H. Mears. In 1906, the preliminary contest was held on April 27-28, 1906, and the eighteenth contest June 19th. The contestants were: K. F.Baldwin, C. N. Barber, and R. A. Eaton, of the class of 1908; and R. L. Andrews, F. S. Clark, R. H. Dunlap (excused), G. I. Rowe, R. H. Seiple, and G. W. Clark ^of the class of 1909. The judges were: Rev. H. A. Roberts, D. D., and Supt. F. J. Brownscombe of Montpelier, and W. N. Jones of New York. R. L. F. Andrews won the first prize, K. F. Baldwin, the second, and S. Clark, the third; R. H. Seiple received honorable mention; music was furnished by the cadet orchestra. The nineteenth contest was held on June 25, 1908. The first prize was awarded to^Robert D. Hope, the second to Ashton M. Tenney and the third to Merritt E. Carpenter. In 1908, the contest was held June 16. The contestants were as fohows: G. W. Dillingham, '10; E. W. Magnus, J. C. Larkin, J. H. Card, M. B. Badger, G. E. Thayer, and D. J. Smith of the SHELDON PRIZE SPEAKING MUSICAL CLUBS. 299 class of 1911. The judges were : Supt. F. J. Brownscombe and Rev. Lucius F. Reed of Montpelier and Hon. J. H. Jackson of Barre. The first prize was won by Guy E. Thayer, '11, the second by George W. Dillingham, '10, and the third by James C. Larkin, '11; music was furnished by the " N. U.' ' orchestra. In 1909, instead of the usual prize speaking, a debate was held between the sophomore and freshman classes on the questicm; "Resolved, that the U. S. Senators should be elected by the people." The affirmative was upheld by the freshmen, A.*' M. Sherwin, J. W. Slattery, and W. F. Adams; and the negative by the sophomores, F. M. Earle, P. R. Shailer, and G. M. Eastman. Judge Elmer R. Juckett, '89 presided. The judges were: Hon. Richard G. Hoar of Barre, Hon. L. B. Johnson, '88, of Randolph and Rev. Eraser jMetzger, of Randolph. The sophomore class won in the debate and the })rizes were divided between the con- testants. MUSICAL CLUBS. In 1886, a quartette was organized, consisting of F. F. Hay- wood, '88, F. T. Austin, '87, H. H. Goss, '88, and H. S. Denney, '88. They furnished music at several of the University entertainments. In 1889 a glee club was organized and several concerts given. In 1890-91, the members of the club were: H. L. Sweet, '93; A. C. Tabor, '94; W. H. Sprague, '91; E. W. Gaynor, '93; P. G. Smith, '91; E. W. Clark, '92; R. H. Ford, '92, and G. L. Andrews, '93. In 1891-92, the members were: E. C. Bennett, '93; E. W. Gaynor, '93; F. A. Manuel, '93, and G. L. Andrews, '93. In the spring of 1893, these clubs made an extended tour of the towns in northern Vermont. In 1894, the Lyric quartette was formed, consisting of S. A. Thomas, '95; W. C. Spafford, '97; C. S. Carleton, '96, and C. J. Scribner, '96. The officers were: W. C. Spafford, president; C. J. Scribner, manager; C. S. Carleton, musical director; several concerts were given by the quartette during 1894-96. In 1898, the Arion Glee Club was oi'ganized in Northfield. Prof. J. B. Johnson, '79, served as president; Prof. H. R. Roberts, George D. Evans, '98, and George P. Lovell, '99, were members. In 1900-01, i\Ir. G. H. Wilder of Montpelier and B. K. Roberts of Boston were engaged to instruct the glee club at the University. In the fall of 1906, an effort was made to organize a glee and musical club, but met with very little success. In the spring of 1907, an effort was again made to perfect an organization and with success. Dr. Harry A. Gokey of Northfield, and a graduate of MUSICAL CLUBS. 301 Tufts college, was secured as director. Through his efficient work the club rapidly grew in numbers. That year the club furnished the music at the senior concert and the various exercises of com- mencement week. Doctor Gokey continued as director of the club until January, 1911, when he removed from town. On February 20, 1908, the clubs gave a concert in Williams- town; also furnished the music for the various exercises of com- mencement of 1908. In the spring of 1909 the glee club, orchestra, and mandolin clubs were organized under one general management, with J. H. Whitney, '10, as manager. During 1909 several con- certs were given as follows: At the Band Fair in Northfield, February 10; Chandler Music Hall, Randolph, February 12; Town Hall, Williamstown, February 26; Stowe, Vt., March 5; Armory Hall, Northfield, j\Iay 14; Waterbury, Vt., May 24; Universalist church fair, December 8. The club again furnished the music for commencement week. During 1910, the musical clubs gave concerts as follows: Methodist church, Waterbury, Vt., January 5; Richford Opera House, Richford, Vt., January 26; Franldin Village Hall, January 27; Enosburg Falls Opera House, January 28; Montpelier Audi- torium, January 29; Band Fair, Northfield, February 5; Chandler Hall, Randolph, February 25. They again furnished the music for the various exercises of commencement week. The clubs at their concerts in the various towns have been cordially welcomed by the people and through their gentlemanly conduct have made many friends for the University. ORCHESTRA. The first orchestra at the University, so far as known, was organized by George E. Donnelly, '95, in the fall of 1891. The instrumentation was: G. E. Donnelly, '95, 1st violin; G. D. White- side, '94, 1st cornet; R. U. Smith, '94, 2d cornet; 0. L. Pease, '93, trombone; E. C. Bennett, '93, pianist; G. E. Donnelly served as leader and G. D. Whiteside, '94, as manager. This organization was continued for some time. In the fall of 1896, an orchestra was organized by Mr. W. A. Shaw, '88, which was continued until 1898. From this date until 1905 several attempts were made to organize an orchestra, but with little success. In the winter of 1905-06, through the energy of George M. Moore, '07, an orchestra was organized as follows: G. M. Moore, '07, 1st violin; E. N. Clark, '09, 2d violin; H. M. Brush, '09, cor- net; L. C. Amidon, '08, pianist. In 1906-07, the players were: CADET ORCHESTRA — BANJO AND MANDOLIN CLUBS. 303 E. N. Clark, '09, leader and 1st violin; Walter Frost, '10, 2d violin; L. P. Bailey, 09, 2d violin; H. M. Brush, '09, 1st cornet; R. D. Hope, '10, 2d cornet; F. L. Robinson, '10, trombone; E. E. Ames, Jr., '09, pianist. In 1907-08 the orchestra numbered ten players as follows: E. N. Clark, '09, le'ader and 1st violin; J. C. Larkin, '11, 1st violin; L. P. Bayley, '09, 1st violin; H. M. Brush, *09, cornet; V. H. Dunning, '11, flute; A. P. Leete, '11, 'cello; F. L. Robinson, '10, trombone; L. N. Burhoe, '11, pianist. In the fall of 1908 the orchestra became a part of the Norwich INIusical Clubs. This year the players were; E. N. Clark, '09, 1st violin and leader; L. P. Bayley, '09, 1st violin; R. E. Baker, '12, 1st violin; C. F. Snow, '11, 2d violin; F. L. Robinson, '10, trombone; H. M. Brush, '09, 1st cornet; H. E. Paine, '12, 2d cornet; E. P. Therrio, '12, clarinet; W. W. Whitehouse, '12, drums; H. T. Baker, '12, pianist. In 1909-10, the members of the orchestra were: F. L. Robinson, '10, leader and trombone; R. E. Baker, '12, 1st violin; L. E. Snow, '13, 1st violin; J. H. Whitney, '10, 2d violin; H. T. Baker, '12, 1st cornet; R. W. Newcomb, '11, 2d cornet; G. M. San- born, '13, bass; A. P. Leete, '11, 'cello; M. J. Buck, '12, viola; Eliot O'Hara, '13, piccolo; E. W. Magnus, '11, drums; L. N. Burhoe, '11, pianist. The members of the orchestra for 1910-11 are: L. P. Bayley, '09, 1st violin; M. J. Buck, '12, 2d violin; F. C. Dunham, '14, 1st cornet; S. W. Bayley, '14, 2d cornet; A. P. Leete, '11, 'cello; E. W. Magnus, '12, drums; L. N. Burhoe, '11, pianist. Maj. L. P. Bayley, '09, served as leader. The orchestra has done much to enliven the work on the Hill and during the last few years has furnished the music for many of the class balls and the various entertainments. A banjo club was conducted in 1891-92 and 1894-95. A mandolin and guitar club was organized in January, 1904; but its existence was brief. In the fall of 1907 tiie mandolin club was organized with ten members. A. H. Sjovall, '08, was elected manager and C. P. Strobell, '10, leader. A Mr. Medlin was secured as instructor and later John Brock and J. C. Cameron of Northfield assisted the clulx The members were: C. P. Strobell, '10, G. R. Haight, '09, F. J. Noel, '11, G. G. Foster, '11, first mandolins; F. M. Tilton, '11, A. H. Sjoval, '08, P. J. Lowell, '11, I. B. Edwards, '08, G. L. Uman, '11, second mandolins; A. P. Leete, '11, 'cello; L. N. Bur- hoe, '11, piano; concerts were given at the Methodist and Con- gregational churches, at Armory Hall, and at commencement. 804 NORWICH UNIA'ERSITY. ' In the fall of 1908, C. P. Strobell, '10, was elected leader and L. N. Burhoe manager. The membership was practically the same. In 1909-10, C. P. Strobell, '10, and F. J. Noel, '11, served as leaders and J. H. Whitney, '10 manager. The members were: C. P. Strobell, '10, F. J. Noel, '11, G. G. Foster, '11, R. E. Baker, '12, and L. P. Cox, '13, 1st mandolins; F. V. Hemenway, '12, O. A. Tilton, '13, L. S. Brice, '13, G. M. Sanborn, '13, 2d man- dolins; H. T. Baker, '12, 1st guitar and M. J. Buck, '12, 2d guitar; E. G. Ballard, '12, 1st banjo; A. P. Leete, '11, 'cello; L. N. Burhoe, '11, pianist. For 1910-11, the manager was E. P. Shaw, '13; leader, F. J. Noel, '11. The members were: F. J. Noel, '11, G. G. Foster, '11, J. H. Buckingham, '14, 1st mandolins; O. A. Tilton, '13, L. S. Brice, '13, H. S. Muzzy, '14, L. J. Scott, '14, 2d mandolins; M. J. Buck, '12, 1st guitar; H. C. Fisher, '14, 1st banjo; A. P. Leete, '11, 'cello; P. W. Towsley, '14, pianist. CADET BAND. In the spring of 1885, through the persistent efforts of P. S. Randall, '86, a cadet band numbering ten pieces was organized. P. S. Randall was elected drum major and C. H. Cheney, '86, leader. The instrumentation for 1885-86 was as follows: F. F. Haywood, '88, solo B6 cornet; P. S. Randall, '86, 2d solo B6 cornet; H. E. Dole, '90, Bb cornet; W. E. Hassam, '87, solo E& alto; W. A. Shaw, '88, 1st E6 alto; H. P. Kent, '90, 2d E6 alto; C. E. Austin, '87, 1st B& tenor; A. R. Shaw, '89, 2d B6 tenor; H. H. Goss, '88, tuba; H. E. Bates, '89, bass drum; F. T. Austin, '88, snare drum. r^ln 1886-'87, the band was increased to fifteen members; W.7JE. Terrill, '89, was elected drum major, serving until 1889, and''F. F. Haywood, leader. The players in addition to those given before were: H. J. Dane, '90; P. G. Smith, '91 ; F. S. Palmer, '89; E. E. Wright, '90; H. S. Denney, '88, and E. W. Gilman, '89. Mr. A. C. Chase of Northfield served as instructor during. 1885-87. During 1887-88, the band numbered thirteen pieces. The officers were: president, W. E. Terrill,'89; vice-president, A. R. Shaw, '89; secretary H. J. Dane, '09; treasurer P. G. Smith, '91. The players were: F. F. Haywood, '88; H. J. Dane, '90; W. A. Shaw, '88; P. G. Smith, '91; H. Dressel, Jr., '90; E. A. Asel- tine, '89; G.lL. Ballou, '91; W. H. Sprague, '91; R. A. Child, •'92; H. H.'Goss, '88; A. R. Shaw, '89; E. W. Gilman, 89; F. T. Austin, '88. CADET BAND — RELIGIOUS WORK. 305 For 1888-'89, the officers were : president, A. R. Shaw, '89; vice-president, W. H. Sprague, '91; secretary, H. J. Dane, '90; treasurer, P. G. Smith, '91; executive committee, C. F. Parker, '90, and H. C. Sweeney, '91; drum major, D. W. Lewis, '91; leader, P. G. Smith, '91. The players were: P. G. Smith, '91; H. Dressel, Jr., '90; R. H. Child, '92; H. J. Dane, '90; C. E. Quimby, '91;];C. F. Parker, '90; E. L. Young, '91; C. A. Dole, '91; E. A. Pond, '92; G. L. Ballou, '91; W. H. Sprague, '91; A. R. Shaw, '89; F. A. Gokey, '92; J. R. Langdon, '91. For 1889-90, the officers were : president, C. F. Parker, '90; vice-president, H. Dressel, Jr., '90; secretary, H. J. Dane, '90; treasurer and leader, P. G. Smith, '91; drum major, G. F. Bailey and D. M. Lewis; instructor, A. C. Chase. The band this year was composed of sixteen members as follows: P. G. Smith, H. Dressel, Jr., A. S. Potter, G. D. White- side, R. W. Porter, F. D. Holbrook, C. F. Parker, C. G. Dole, E. W. Gaynor, G. L. Ballou, E. C. Bennett, H. J. Dane, O. L. Pease, W. H. Sprague, F. A. Gokey, G. L. Harwood. The band this year furnished the music at the Memorial Day exercises in Worcester, Vt. In 1891, the band was given up and not organized again until 1909. In 1908 the matter was agitated. An editorial appears in the Reveille of May,'^1908, setting forth the advantages of such an organization at the University. In January, 1909, the band was organized by H. M. Brush, '10, and officered as follows : E. A. Boyce, captain and adjutant commander; H. M. Brush, second lieutenant and chief musician; T. J. IMcGarry, drum major and first sergeant; F. L. Robinson, '10, sergeant; P. J. Lowell, '11, R. W. Newcomb, '11, F. J. Noel, '11, R. D. Bodie, '11, corporals; H. T. Baker, '12, R. E. Baker, '12, M. J. Buck, '12, A. R. Cram, '11, S. B. Hawley, '12, H. E. Paine, '12, A. N. Shore, '12, E. P. Therrio, '12, W. W. Whitehouse, '12, privates. The band since 1909 has been quartered in Jackman Hall. The leader for 1909-10 was Lieut. F. L. Robinson, '10, and for 1910- 11, R. W. Newcomb. The drum major for 1909-10 was A. P. Leete, and for 1911, W. A. Heathfield. RELIGIOUS WORK. The University is now non-sectarian, but the cadets are required to attend some one of the five churches in the village on Sunday. The cadets are required to make their choice of a church at .the beginning of the term, no change being allowed during the 306 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. term. Chapel exercises are held each morning before the begin- ning of the academic work of the day, and in charge of the presi- dent or members of the faculty. For several years tlie pastors of the various churches in town took turns in conducting the chapel exercises. In March, 1889, a branch of the Inter-Collegiate Young Men's Christian Association was formed at the University. So far as recorded, this was the first organization of its kind at the Institution. The officers for this year were: E. A. Shaw,' '91, president; R. A. Child, '92, vice-president; E. A. Shuttleworth, '91, corresponding secretary and R. L. Irish, '89, recording secretary and treasurer. The officers for 1889-90 were: E. A. Shaw, '91, president; R. H. Ford, '92, recording secretary; F. A. Eaton, '91, corresponding secretary; E. A. Shuttleworth, '91, treasurer. A Bible training class was organized in February, 1890, by Lieut. E. H. Catlin, U. S. A., commandant. This organization was discontinued in 1891. In October, 1895, the corps of cadets appointed the following men as delegates to the second annual meeting of the association in Bellows Falls, October 31-November 3: Charles A. Plumley, '96; J. H. Ladd, '98; and G. H. Ellis, '98. An effort was made in this same year to perfect a permanent organization but without success. During 1906-07, a Bible study class was conducted at the University, and in the fall of 1908 a religious association was formed. Delegates from each class attended the Bible Study Institute, conducted at the University of Vermont by the Young Men's Christian Association, October 19 and 20. In January, 1908, Mr. F. V. Slack, an International secretary, visited the University and through his ejfforts a permanent organization was formed and a constitution was adopted. The following officers were elected: president, K. F. Baldwin, '08; vice-president, G. I. Rowe, '09; secretary, H. T. Clark, '09; treasurer, E. A. Boyce, '09. The day of prayer for students was observed February Q, 1908. The Reveille of October, 1908, speaks with praise of the work carried out by the association. During 1908-09, regular services were held each Sunday evening. On February 28, 1909, Mr. Heib of the Y. M. C. A., delivered an address on the "Importance of Bible Study," and Congress- man Frank Plumley on the same date delivered an address on *' Personal Responsibility.' ' Maj. G. I. Rowe served as president of the association until Y. M. C. A. — BACCALAUREATE SERMONS. 307 April, 1909, when the following officers were elected: president, Everett Collins, '10; vice-president, K. D. Sabin, '11; secretary, W. L. Chun, '10; treasurer, W. H. Bradley, '12; committee on new students, W. F. Johnson, '10; membership, R. W. Newcomb, '11; prayer meeting, W. L. Chun, '10; Bible study, F. M. Earle, '11; finance, P. F. Emerson, '10. In the fall of 1909, Mr. Collins resigned and K. D. Sabin was elected in his place. In 1909 and 1910 the association was represented at the summer Student Conference at Northfield Mass., by delegates. Major Rowe represented the association at the meeting of the Eastern Presidents' Conference at Yale University in 1909 and K. D. Sabin, '11, at Union College, Schenec- tady in 1910. In December 1910, Maj. H. J. M. Smith, '11, J. O. Goodrich, '11 were sent as delegates to the World's Students' Conference at Rochester, N. Y. In April, 1910, the following officers were elected: president K. D. Sabin, '11; vice-president, H. M. Sherwin, '12; secretary, D, E. Field, '11; treasurer; A. E. Taplin, '12. COMMENCEMENT WEEK EXERCISES. The Baccalaureate sermons for this period were delivered as follows : June 19, 1887, at 4.30 p. m., Episcopal church, Rev. Howard F. Hill, 'G7. June 10, 1888, at 10.30 a. m., Methodist church, Rev. A. H. Webb. June 23, 1889, at 10.:30 a. m., Universalist church, Rev. I. P. Booth. June 22, 1890, at 10.30 a. m.. Congregational church, Rev. W. S. Hazen. June 21, 1891, at 10..30 a. m., Methodist church. Rev. Homer White. June 26, 1892, at 3 p. ii., Chapel, Dodge Hall, Rev. 8. H. McColiester. June 25, 1893, at 3 p. m., Methodist church, Rev.Sylvester Donaldson. June 24, 1894, at 3.30 p. m., Congregational church, Rev. W. S. Hazen. June 23, 1895, at 10.30 a. m., Methodist church. Bishop A. C. A. Hall, D.D. June 22, 189G, at lt).30 a. m., Universalist church Rev. Walter Dole, '70. June 27, 1897, at 10.30 a. m., Episcopal church, President A. D. Brown. June 20, 1898, at 10.30 a. m., Congregational church, Rev. A. R. Merriam of the Hartford Theological Seminary. June 25, 1899. at 10.30 a. m.. Episcopal church, President A. D. Brown. June 24, 1900, at 3 p. m.. Chapel, Dodge Hall, Rev. A. W. C. Anderson. June 23, 1901, at 4 p. m., Episcopal church, Pre.sident A. D. Brown. June 22, 1902, at 3 p. M., Dewey I lall, Rev. Charles C. Day, President Andover Theo- logical Seminary. June 21, 1903, at 3 p. m., Dewey Hall, Rev. Brian C. Roberts. June 18, 1904, at 3.30 p. m., Dewey Hall, ' Rev. W. S. Hazen. June 17. 1905, at 3.30 p. m., Dewey Hall, Rev. George B. Lawson. June 16, 1906, at 3.:30 p. m., Dewey Hall, Rev, Henry L. Ballou. 308 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. June 23, 1907, at 3.30 p. m., Dewey Hall, Rev. C. 0. Day. June 14, 1908, at 3.30 p. m., Dewey Hall, Rev. Hilton Pedley. June 20, 1909, at 10.30 a. m.. Episcopal church, Bishop A. C. A. Hall, D. D. June 19, 1910, at 3 p. M., Dewey Hall, Rev. Sherman Goodwin. CLASS DAY EXERCISES. For many years the class day exercises were among the most interesting events of commencement week. They were begun by the class of 1894. The exercises of that year were held Wednesday, July 1st, at 2 :30 p. m. A parade was formed at the Barracks, under the leadership of H. L. Hinman, class marshal and E. W. Gibson, class president. This was the first time so far as known, that class banners were used, and from that time the various classes have taken great pride in the design and workmanship of their banner. The parade was marched to Concert Hall, where an interesting programme was given. Lieut. E. W. Gibson delivered an elo- quent address to the undergraduates; Lieut. H. C. Holden read the class history; Lieut. H. B. Wason delivered the tree oration and Lieutenant Storrs gave the class prophecies. Lieutenant Gibson pre- sented the undergraduates with appropriate gifts, suited to their respective ages and mental attainments. " Uncle Jim' ' appeared as a member of this class, and delivered a witty address to the corps. From this time " Uncle Jim' ' was a member of each suc- ceeding class and took a prominent part in the class exercises. Chase's orchestra furnished the music for the occasion. From 1894 until 1902, the exercises were held in Concert Hall and in 1902 and 1903 in Dewey Hall. On June 24, 1895, the following programme was given: Ad- dress to the undergraduates by F. J. Donahue, president of the class; Class History, by C. H. Davis; Address on " N. U.' ' by E. F. Carruthers; Class Oration, F. B. Thomas; Class Poem by S. A. Thomas; Banner Oration, B. H. Prior; Step Oration, D. C. Warren; Class Prophecies, R. S. Dowe. The presents were given the under- graduates by President Donahue; music was furnished by the Liberty Quartette. In 1896, the exercises were given on June 24. The exercises were as follows : Address to undergraduates, by Lieut. H. S. Clark, class president; Step Oration, by J. L. Collins; Class History by G. H. Briggs; Class Prophecies, H. R. Dole; Orations by E. A. Skinner and E. M. McCarty. On June 30, 1897, the programme was as follows : Address of Welcome, W. C. Spafford, class president; Class History, W. B. Carr; Class Oration, "History of Norwich University," by W. A. CLASS DAY EXERCISES — JUNIOR EXHIBITIONS. 309 Ellis; Address to under gi-aduates, by H. V. Dunham; Class Pro- phecies, C. E. Walker. The presents were distributed by W. C. Spafford; music was furnished by C. S. Carleton, '96, and P. A. Dinsmoor, '98. In 1898, the exercises were given on June 29. Address of Welcome, by Edwin Booth, class president; Class History, by L. J. Parker; Class Oration by F. W. Denison; Class Prophecies by G. E. Talbot; Step Oration, J. W. Cook; Address to undergraduates by L. C. Bump. The gifts were presented by President Booth . In 1899, the exercises were held on June 28. George P. Lowell presided and gave the address to the undergraduates; F. L. Aldrich read the Class Prophecy. In 1900, the exercises came on June 27. The following pro- gramme was given: Class History by H. S. Richmond; Class Pro- phecies by J. F. Richardson; Address to the undergraduates by R. G. Rich. In 1901, the exercises were held on June 26; Capt. W. E. Robertson, presided. The following programme was given: Address by the class president, W. E. Robertson; Class History, by I. C. Ellis; Step Oration, by C. D. Hazen; Class Prophecies, by L. M. Newton; Address to Undergraduates, by L. F. Chamberlain. In 1902, the exercises were held on June 25. In 1903, the exercises were given on June 25. The stage arrangement this year was especially unique. It was fitted up to represent a cadet's room in the barracks. The various members of the class came in one by one, and when all were present Mr. J. H. Foster, class president, moved that a class meeting be held, which proposition was carried by loud vote. The following progrannne was then given: Address of Welcome by J. H. Foster, class presi- dent; Class Oration, by Allan R. Williams; Address to Under- graduates, by G. C. Eastman; Step Oration, by E. S. Ball. These exercises were given up in 1904, much to the regret of the alumni and friends of the I'liiversity. JUNIOR EXHIBITIONS. The Junior exhibitions were not given in 1885 and 1886. They were resumed in 1887, and were held at Concert Hall. The exhibition of 1887 was held on June 22. The following pro- gramme was given: Essay, '^ Meteorology," F. F. Haywood; Ad- dress, "The Boys in Blue," H. T. Way; Dissertation, "The North- field Iron Bridge," H.S.Denney; a Story, H. H. Goss; Essay, "A Few Geological Features of Vermont," W. A. Shaw; a scientific 310 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. essay, "Project," F. T. Austin; oration, "War," L. B. Johnson. The University quartette furnished the music. In 1888, the exercises were held June 12. The following pro- gramme was given : Declamation, " The Unveiling of Franklin 's Statue," by G. H. Cobleigh; Debate, "The Duty of the young Voter,' ' E. R. Juckett and H. N. Cross; Essay, " Edgar Allan Poe," F. S. Palmer; Oration, "Integrity," R. L. Irish; Essay, "Retro- spect and Prospect," W. S. Prior; Class Prophecies, F. H. Clark. A. R. Shaw and W. E. Terrill gave some amu!>ing incidents con- nected with the laboratory work; nuisic was furnished by the cadet band. In 1889, the exercises were held June 26th. The programme was as follows: Oration, "Commercial Union with Canada," S. B. Adams, '90; Dissertation, "Food Adulteration," by H. J. Dane, '80; Declamation by D. W. Lewis, '90; Oration, "The American Navy," H. Dressel, Jr., '90; music was furnished by the cadet band and quartette. The exercises in 1890 came on June 25. The following pro- gramme was given: Oration, " Whither are we Tending," by E. A. Shaw; Oration, "The Artisan and the Artist," by A. F. Booth; Oration, "The Silver Coinage System," by G. L. Ballou; Oration, "The Indian Question," by E. A. Shuttleworth; Oration, "The Australian Ballot System," b}' P. G. Smith; Oration, " Tendency of Journalism," by G. F. Abbott; music was furnished by the Beedle String Quartette of Randolph. This exhibition was the last one given. They were suspended owing to the press of work at commencement. GRADUATING EXERCISES. In 1885, the graduating exercises were held at Concert Hall at 10 A. M., June 18. Vice-president Nichols presided. Capt. Fred R. Belknap delivered the Salutatory address, and Lieut. M. L. Chandler the Valedictory. The annual address before the trustees was delivered by the Hon. John H. Graham, LL. D., a former resident of Northfield, then residing in Richmond, P. Q. Col. H. O. Kent, '54, gave an eloquent address on the early history of " N. U." and the work of her alumni. The cadet band furnished the music. In 1886, the graduating exercises were held at Concert Hall at 2 p. M., June 15. The Salutatory address and oration, "Labor vs. Capital," was delivered by Capt. E. H. Prince. Lieut. P. S. Randall delivered the class oration, his subject being "Method, OKADUATIXC; EXERCISES. 311 tlie Keystone of Kiiowle'ge." Tlie \'a]e(lict()iy address and oration, "Our Needs," was d'^livcied by Lieut. C. H. Nichols. Rev. William S. Hazen of Xoithfield delivered the'annual address before the trustees; music was furnished by the Howard Opera House Orchestra. In 1887, the grachiatin^ exercises were held on June 23, at the Methodist chuicli. Di-. George Nichols presided. The illnstfr in iNvts. Diploma of 1872. .Salutatory address and oration was delivered by Capt. W. E. Hassam, and the \'aledictory by Lieut. E. Y. Booth. The oration before the trustees was given by Congressman W. \Y. Grout. Governor Ormsbee presented the diplomas and delivered an able address to the graduating class. The exercises were held at the Methodist church until the occupation of Dewey Hall in 1902, and usually came at 10 a. m. 312" NORWICH UNIVERSITY. In 1888, the exercises came on June 14. Dr. George Nichols presided. The Sahitatory address was given by Lieut. F. F. Haywood, and the Valedictory by Capt. L. B. Johnson. The class '.orators were: Lieut. W. A. Shaw and Lieut. F. T. Austin. Governor Ormsbee was unable to be present, but was represented by Gen. W. H. Gilmore. In 1889, the exercises were held June 27. Col. George W. Hooker, (q. v.) presided in the absence of Dr. George Nichols. The Salutatory address was delivered by Lieut. H. N. Cross and the Valedictory by Lieut. F. E. Lamb. The class orators were: Lieut. A. R. Shaw, Lieut. E. R. Juckett, and Lieut R. L. Irish. A number of the prominent citizens of the state were present. In 1890, the exercises came on June 26. President Charles H. Lewis, '55, presided. The Salutatory address was given by Lieut. S. B. Adams and the Valedictory by Lieut Herman Dressel. The class orators were: Capt. C. F. Parker, Lieut. C. E. Collins, and Lieut. I. R. Mower. The annual oration was delivered by Hon. E. F. Palmer, State Superintendent of Education; Governor Dillingham and Staff were present; music was furnished by the Apollo Quartette. In 1891, the exercises were given June 25. Dr. George Nichols presided. The Salutatory address was delivered by Capt. G. F. Abbott, and the Valedictory by Capt. A. F. Booth. The class orators were : Lieut. W. H. Sprague, Lieut. H. G. Wood- ruff, and Lieut. E. A. Shuttleworth. A number of distinguished visitors were present; among the number were: Hon. Redfield Proctor, Secretary of War; Governor Carroll S. Page and Staff, and Ex-Governor W. P. Dillingham. Music was furnished by the Mozart quartette. In 1892, the exercises came on June 30. Lieut. E. W. Clark delivered the Salutatory address and Capt. E. H. Ryan the Valedictory. The class orations were delivered by Lieut. R. H. Ford, Lieut. J. S. Craigue and Lieut. C. W. Pierce. The diplomas were presented by Col. Fred E. Smith. Rev. William J. Harris of Brattleboro delivered the oration before the trustees. The Governor of the state was represented by his Staff. In 1893, the exercises came on June 29. Dr. George Nichols presided. The Salutatory address was delivered by Lieut. G. L. Andrews and the Valedictory by Lieut. E. W. Gaynor. Owing to sickness, three of the class orators, Capt F. A. Manuel, Lieut, W, E. Hurlbut and Lieut. F. D. Holbrook were excused GRADUATING EXERCISES. 313 from delivering their orations. General G. M. Dodge, '51, delivered the oration before the trustees. Governor Levi K. Fuller and Staff, and several distinguished citizens of the State were present. In 1S94, the exercises were held on July 28. The Salutatory address and oration was delivered by Lieut. George K. Storrs, and the Valedictory by Lieut. J. E. Ross. The class orators were: Capt. L. C. Hulburd and Lieut. H. C. Holden. Col. H. O. Kent, '51, delivered the annual oration before the trustees. Governor Fuller and Staff were present; music was furnished by the Ideal Male Quartette of Montpelier. In 1895, the exercises were given on June 27. Dr. George Nichols presided. Capt. W. G. Huntley delivered the Salutatory address and Lieut. F. C. Davis the Valedictory. The class orators were: Lieut. P. R. Hoefler, Lieut. H. C. Moseley, and Capt. J. M. Ryan. This was the largest class to graduate since the removal of the University to Northfield. Governor U. A. Woodbury and Staff were present. Congressman H. H. Powers gave the an- nual address. In 1896, the exercises came on June 26. The Salutatory address was delivered by Lieut. P. S. Howes, and the Valedictory by Capt. James L. Averill. The class orators were: Lieut. C. A. Plumley, Lieut. A. G. Andrews, Capt. C. J. Scribner, and Lieut. C. S. Carleton. Ex-Governor J. G. McCullough delivered the oration before the trustees. Governor Woodbury and Staff were present; music was furnished by the Mozart j\Iale Quartette of j\Iontpelier. In 1897, the exercises were held July 1. President Allan D. Brown presided. Capt. W. B. Carr delivered the Salutatory address, and Capt. C. E. Walker, the Valedictory. The class orators were this year selected by the class and not appointed according to scholarship and rank. The orations were delivered by Lieut. W. C. Spafford and Lieut. H. V. Dunham. Governor Grout was present and gave a brief address; nuisic was furnished by the Cecilia Quartette of Montpelier. In 1898, the exercises came on June 30. President Brown presided. The Salutatory address and oration, " Education, the Power of Self Government in a Nation," was delivered by Capt. A. E. Winslow; the Valedictory address and oration, "The Freedom of the Press," by Paul A. Dinsmoor. The class orations were as follows: "Divinity of the Hearth," G. H. Ellis; "Acquisi- tion of Power," Charles E. Duggan. Rev. Edward Randall of Poultney, Vt., delivered the annual address. Governor Grout 314 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. was present and addressed the class; music was furnished by the Cecilia Quartette. In 1899, the exercises came, on June 29. President A. D. Brown presided. The Salutatory address was delivered by L'eut. George P. Lovell, and the Valedictory by Capt. John P. Moseley. • The class orators were Lieut. F. L. Aldrich and Capt. H. K. Brooks. Governor Smith and Staff were present; music was funiislied by the Cecilia Quartette. In ]9()(), the exercises came on June 28. Lieut. J. F. Richard- son delivered the Salutatory address and Lieut. H. S. Richmond the Valedictory. The class orators were: Lieut S. H. Ashley, Commencement, 1897. (excused), Capt. B. W. Sibley and Lieut. R. G. Rich. Governor Smith was unable to be present but was represented by Gen. T. S. Peck and several of the state officers. Addresses were made by Gen. T. S. Peck and Ex-Governor S. E. Pingree; music was furnished by the Unitarian Quartette of Burlington. In 1901, the exercises were held, June 27. Capt. D. O. Carr delivered the Salutatory address and H. G. Clark the Valedictory. The class orators were : Capt. W. E. Robertson, Maj. C. E. Wheat- ley and Lieut. F. T. Bass. Governor Stickney and Staff were present; music was furnished by a quartette from Montpelier. Beginning with 1902, the exercises have been held in Dewey Hall. This year they came on June 26. The Salutatory ad- 316 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. dress was given by Maj. G. H. Watson and the Valedictory by Capt. L. B. Stebbins. The class orators were : Capt. R. T. Phinney, Lieut. H. M. Hobson, and Lieut. Frank H. Burr. In 1903, the exercises came on June 25. President Brown presided. The Salutatory address was given by Capt. J. H. Foster, and the Valedictory by Lieut. S. L. Fuller. The class orators were : Lieut. John H. Byrd, Lieut. K. R. B. Flint, and Lieut. S. J. Parsons. Gov. J. G. McCullough and Staff, Gen. G. M. Dodge, '51, Gen. W. H. Gilmore and several distinguished guests were present. General Dodge presented the diplomas and gave a brief address ; music was furnished by Wilder 's orchestra. ►*^Mn 1904, the exercises were given on June 23. Guy C. Russell delivered the Salutatory address and George C. Randall the Valedictory. The class orators were: Capt. W. S. Hutchinson, Adj. H. E. C. Rainey, and Lieut. W. E. C. Washburn. Lieut. Gov. Zed Stanton, the Governor's Staff, Gen. W. H. Gilmore, and several prominent citizens of the state were present; music was furnished by the Colonial Orchestral Club of Boston. In 1905, the exercises came on June 22. Owing to the press of military work, the exercises by the classes have been discontinued since that date and instead, orations have been given by some prominent citizen. This year Hon. John L. Lewis of Troy, Vt., delivered the Commencement address. Governor Bell and Staff, Gen. G. M. Dodge, '51, and several prominent guests were present. General Dodge made an address on the work of the alumni. In 1906, the exercises were held June 21. Governor G. J. Bell, and Staff, and several prominent citizens of the State were present. Congressman D. J. Foster delivered the Commencement address; music was furnished by the Temple Quartette of Boston. After the exercises came the ceremony of presenting Alumni Hall to the University Trustees, (q. v.) In 1907, the exercises came on June 27. The Governor of the state, unable to be present, was represented by several of his Staff. Ex-Governor F. D. Proctor addressed the senior class; music was furnished by the " N. U.' ' Glee Club. In 1908, the exercises came on June 18. Attorney General C. C. Fitts of Brattleboro represented the Governor of the state, and delivered a brief address. Hon. Mason S. Stone, state super- intendent of education, delivered the Commencement oration. Music was furnished by the University Quartette. Mrs. A. R. Shaw, of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, also sang. In 1909, the exercises came on June 24. Rear Admiral George CORPORATION DINNERS. 317 P. Colvocoresses, U. S. N., '66, delivered the annual oration. Governor Prouty also gave an address. The Norwich Musical Clubs furnished the music. In 1910, the exercises came on June 24. Governor Prouty and Staff were present. Gen. Edward H. Ripley delivered the annual oration, and Governor Prouty made a brief address; music was furnished by the Norwich Musical Clubs. CORPORATION DINNERS. The Corporation or Alumni dinners were inaugurated in 1889. The first one was given at Howe's Hall at 12 m., June 27. Over one hundred cadets and guests were present. Dr. George Nichols presided. Hon. Frank Plumley acted as toastmaster; speeches were made by Governor Dillingham, Dr. Joseph Stedman, '59, Gen. T. S. Peck and Mr. Warren Gibbs of St. Albans. The Apollo quartette furnished the music. These dinners were given at Howe's Hall until 1892. In 1890, the dinner was given at 1 p. m. June 26. About 125 guests were present. Dr. George Nichols presided and Hon. Frank Plumley acted as toastmaster. The toasts were responded to by Governor Dillingham, Gen. W. L. Greenleaf, Hon. E. F. Palmer, Dr. George Nichols, Capt. H. V. Partridge, H. Dressel, Jr., '90, and N. L. Sheldon, '84. The Apollo quartette furnished the music. In 1891, the dinner was served at 2 p. m., June 25th. Owing to the lateness of serving the dinner, the postprandial exercises were omitted. In 1892, the dinner was served at the Northfield House at 1 p. m., June 30. Dr. George 0. Nichols acted as toast- master. Rev. C. H. Fay, '37, gave an eloquent address on the early history of the University. In 1893, Mr. M. E. Yarrington served the dinner at Howe's Hall, June 29. Hon. Frank Plumley acted as toastmaster; speeches were made by Governor Fuller and Dr. George Nichols. In 1894, Mr. M. E. Yarrington served the dinner in Arm- ory Hall, June 28. Hon. Frank Plumley acted as toastmaster. Speeches were made by Col. J. H. Goulding, '65, Hon. Frank Plumley, Maj. H. E. Alvord, '63, Dr. George Nichols. Capt. H. E. Tutherly, U. S. A., H. T. Cushman, Dr. J. Q. A. McCollister, '53, Cadet H. H. Stearns, '94, and Dr. Joseph Stedman, '59. In 1895, the dinner was given at Armory Hall on June 27. In 1896, the Alumni dinner was given in Armory Hall, June 26. Dr. George Nichols served as toastmaster. The toasts were 318 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. given as follows: "Vermont," by Governor U. A. Woodbury; "Norwich University," by Prof. Charles Dole, '69; "The Army," by Capt. H. E. Tutherly, U. S. A.; "The Graduating Class," by Lieut. C. A. Plumley, '96; "Honor," by Prof. Charles Wesley Emerson; "Inland Commerce," by Gen. J. G. McCuUough; "The Alumni," by Maj. H. E. Alvord, '63; "The Ladies," by Gen. T. S. Peck. In 1897, the corporation dinner was served at Armory Hall by M. E. Yarrington at 1 p. m., July 1. Hon. Frank Plumley served as toastmaster. The following toasts were given: "The United States," by Capt. H. E. Tutherly, U. S. A.; "Vermont," Governor Josiah Grout; "Norwich University," by President Brown; "Heroism," by Gen. T. S. Peck; "The Class of 1897," by Cadet Capt. C. E. Walker, '97; "The Ladies," by Hon. J. D. Denison, '66. in 1898, the dinner was given by the ladies of the Congre- gational church at Howe's Hall, at 12 m., June 30. President Brown presided and Hon. Frank Plumley acted as toastmaster. Toasts were responded to by President Brown, Governor Grout, Hon. George Nichols, Lieut. H. W. Hovey, U. S. A., Gen. T. S. Peck, N. L. Sheldon, '84, Charles Marseilles, '68, and Rev. I. P. Booth. The Cecilia quartette furnished the rhusic. In 1899, the dinner was served by Mr. M. E. Yarrington in Howe's Hall. Hon. Frank Plumley acted as toastmaster. The toasts were as follows : " The United States,' ' Capt John W. Heard, U. S. A.; "The State of Vermont," Gov. E. C. Smith; "Norwich University," President Brown; "Our Honored Guests," by Gen. T. S. Peck; "The Alumni," N. L. Sheldon, '84; "The Class of 1899," Capt. J. P. Moseley, '99; "The Ladies," Rev. Howard F. Hill, '67. In 1900, the dinner was served at Howe's Hall at 12 m., June 28, by the ladies oi the Congregational church. Mr. N. L. Sheldon, '84, acted as toastmaster. The following toasts were given: "United States," by Hon. B. F. Spaulding, '77; "The State of Vermont," by Gen. T. S. Peck; "Norwich University," by President Brown; "The Alumni," by Rev. H. F. Hill, '67; "Our Honored Guests," by Dr. F. E. Steele, '81; "Class of 1900," by Capt. B. W. Sibley, '00; "The Ladies," by Judge E .R. Juckett, '89. In 1901, the ladies of the Universalist church served the dinner at Concert Hall at 12 m., June 27. Hon. Frank Plum- ley acted as toastmaster. The following toasts were given: CORPORATION DINNERS. 319 " Vermont,' ' by Governor W. W. Stickney; " Norwich University/' by President Brown; ''The Alumni," by Capt. E. A. Shuttle- worth, '91; "The Class of 1901,'' by Maj. C. E. Wheatley, '01; " The Ladies,' ' by Rev. Howard F. Hill, '67. From 1902 until 1907 the corporation dinners were served at Drill Hall. In 1902, Hon. Frank Plumley acted as toast- master. The toasts were as follows: "The United States," President Brown; "Vermont," Gen. Stephen Thomas, (q. v.) of Montpelier, (then ninety-three years of age); "New England," Rev. Dr. Roberts of Concord, N. H.; " Norwich University," Rev. William S. Hazen; "The Alumni," Dr. F. E. Steele, '80; "Class of 1902," G. H. Watson, '02. In 1903, the dinner was given by the ladies of the Methodist church at 12;;^0 P.M., June 25. Rev. W. S. Hazen acted as toast- master. The toasts were as follows: "Norwich University," by President A. D. Brown; "Vermont," Governor J. G. McCullough; " The Army," by Gen. G. M. Dodge, '51 ; "The Alumni," by L. B. Johnson, '88; "The Class of 1903," by Maj. Seth Williams, '03; "The Ladies," by George D. Thomas, '76. In 1904, the Ladies of the Methodist church served the dinner at 1 p. M., June 23. Prof. C. C. Brill, acted as toastmaster. The following toasts were given: "Vermont," by Lieutenant Governor Stanton; " Norwich University,' ' by Hon. Frank Plumley. In 1905, the dinner was served liy Mr. Seth C. Rich, at 12 m., June 21. Hon. Frank Plumley acted as toastmaster. The toasts were given as follows: "Vermont," Hon. J. L. Lewis; "Norwich University," President C. H. Spooner; "The Alumni," Gen. G. M. Dodge, '51; "The Graduates," Lieut. Edward Moore, '05; "The Ladies," by George D. Thomas, '76. In 1906, the dinner was served by S. C. Rich. President Spooner acted as toastmaster. The toasts were as follows : " The Congress of the United States," Hon. D. J. Foster; "Vermont," Governor C. J. Bell; "Norwich University," President Spooner; "The Class of 1906," by Capt. C. R. Andrew, '06; "The Ladies," Col. H. O. Kent, '54. In 1907, the dinner was held at the Northfield House. Hon. Frank Plumley acted as toastnuister. A fine programme was arranged. Governor Prouty ably responded to the toast of "Ver- mont." Owing to the lateness of the hour the remainder of the pro- gramme was omitted and the alunaii and guests proceeded to the l)arade. Since this year these dinners have been discontinued. 320 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. COMMENCEMENT DRILLS. The Commencement drills have been given for many years in the afternoon, immediately following the corporation dinner. In 1885, the drills were given as follows ; Infantry and Bayo- net drills, Capt. F. R. Belknap; Artillery and Sabre drills, Lieut. M. L. Chandler; Broadsword drill, Capt. W. M. Rumbaugh, commandant. In 1886, the drills came in the forenoon of June 15th as follows: Artillery drill, Lieut. P. S. Randall, with cor- porals C. E. Austin and W. E. Hassam as gunners; Broad- sword drill, Lieut. C. H. Nichols; Bayonet and Infantry drills, Capt. E. H. Prince; Dress Parade, Capt. W. H. Rumbaugh, commandant. In 1887, the drills were given as follows: Dress Parade and Infantry drills, Lieut. E. H. Catlin, U. S. A., Bayonet drill, Capt. C. E. Austin; Sabre and Broadsword drill, Lieut. W. E. Hassam; Artillery drill, Lieut. E. V. Booth. Music was furnished by the cadet band in charge of F. F. Hayward, '88. The corps was reviewed by Governor Ormsbee and Staff. In 1888, Infantry drill, Capt. L. B. Johnson; Sabre drill, Lieut. F. F. Hayward; Broadsword and Bayonet drills, Lieut. F. T. Austin; Artillery drill, Lieut. W. A. Shaw. In 1889, the drills were given as follows: Infantry drill, Capt. W. S. Prior; Bayonet drill, Lieut. W. E. Terrill; Broad- sword drill, G. H. Cobleigh; Sabre drill, Lieut E. W. Gilman; Artillery drill, Lieut. F. H. Clark. In 1890, Infantry drill, Capt. C. F. Parker; Skirmish drill, Lieut. H. J. Dane; Bayonet drill, Lieut. I. R. Mower; Sabre drill, Lieut. D.W.Lewis; Artillery drill, Lieut. C. E. Collins. Governor Dillingham and Staff were present and reviewed the corps. In 1891, the drills were given as follows: Battalion drill, Capt. A. F. Booth; Company drill, Lieut. C. G. Dole; Skirmish drill, Lieut. H. C. Cady; Artillery drill, Lieut. B. W. Farnham and Lieut. C. B. Riggs. In 1892, Extended Order drill, Capt. D. C. Webb; Artillery drill, Lieut. B. W. Gleason. Owing to a heavy shower the other drills were not given. The corps was reviewed by Gen. T. S. Peck, Gen. W^. H. Gilmore and Surgeon General Rutherford. In 1893, the drills were given as follows: Battalion drill, Capt. F. A.Manuel; Extended Order drill, Lieuts. E. W. Gaynor and F. A. Gokey; Artillery drill, Lieut. E. C. Bennett; Cavalry drill, Lieut. F. C. Kimball, U. S. A. In 1894, Battalion drill. COMMENCEMENT DRILLS. 321 Capt. R. U. Smith; Extended Order drill, Capt. L. C. Hulburd; Artillery drill,' Lieut. George E. Storrs. The corps under the com- mand of Lieut. H. C. Keene, U. S. A., commandant, was reviewed by Capt. H. E. Tutherly, U. S. A., and Gen. W. H. Gilmore. In 1895, the Artillery drill, only, was given, owing to rain. The corps was inspected in the Barracks. In 1896 the drills were given as follows: Battalion drill, Capt. James M. Averill; Company drill, Capt, C. S. Carleton; Artillery drill, Lieut H. S. Clark; Sabre and Baj'onet drills, Lieut. A. G. Andrews; Skirmish drill, Capt. C. J. Scribner; Platoon drill, Lieut. A. G. Andrews. In 1897, the drills were given as follows: Battalion drill, Capt. W. B. Carr; Bayonet and Extended Order drills, Capt. C. E. Walker; Artillery drill, Lieut. W. A. Ellis. In 1898, the drills were given as follows: Bayonet drills Lieut. C. E. Duggan; Extended Order drill, Capt. P. A. Dins- moor; Company drill, witli bugle, Lieut. Edwin Booth; Artil- lery drill, Lieut. L. J. Parker. Governor Grout and Staff were present and reviewed the corps. In 1899, the drills were given as follows: Battalion drill, Capt. C. H. Eaton; Company drill, Lieut. F. L. Aldrich; Bayonet drill, Lieut. F. A. Webster; Artil- lery drill, Capt. H. K. Brooks. The corps under command of Capt. John P. Moseley, '99, acting commandant, was reviewed by Governor E. C. Smith. In 1900, the drills were given as follows: Battalion and Bayonet drills, Capt. B. W. Sibley; Artillery drill, Lieut. S. H. Ashley; Sabre drill, Lieut. C. E. Wheatlej^; Extended Order drill, Capt. R. G. Rich. Gen. T. S. Peck reviewed the corps. In 1901, Battalion drill, Maj. C. E. Wheatle}^; Company drill, Capt. D. O. Carr; Butts Rifle and Calisthenic drills, Capt. W. C. Robert- son Bayonet drill, Lieut. I. C. Ellis; Sabre drill, Lieut. L. M. New- ton; Artillery drill, Lieut. L. F. Chamberlain. The Battalion was reviewed by the Governor. In 1902 the usual drills were given. . In 1903, the drills were given as follows: Company drill, Lieut. A. R. Williams; Tent drill, Capt. J. H. Foster, a camp being formed, guards posted and an attack made b}' the enemy; Butts Rifle drill, Capt. S. L. Fuller; Extended Order drill, Lieut. M. M. Stocker. The Battalion was reviewed by Governor J. G. McCullough. Guard Mount, Capt. W, E. C. Washburn, as officer of the day; Butts Rifle drill, Maj. G.C. Randall;\Tent Drill,';^Capt. W. S. Hutchinson; Rifle drill, Lieut. E. D. Perry; Sabre drill, Lieut. J. E. McGreen ; Extended Order drill, Lieut. Guy G. Russell. 322 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. The Battalion was reviewed under command of Maj. George C. Randall. In 1905, the drills were given as follows: Battalion drill, Maj. H. R. Deal; Guard Mount, Capt. E. A. Lawrence; Bayonet drill, Capt. P. C. Sinclair; Sabre drill, Capt. J. C. Ross; Artillery- drill, Lieut. J. J. Howard; Butts Rifle drill, Maj. H. R. Deal; Tent drill and Extended Order drills, Capts. Lawrence, Ross and Sinclair. In 1906, Battalion drill, Maj. Bradford P. Hovey; Guard Mount, Capt. H. J. Betterley, Lieut. W. S. Clarke and Lieut. J. H. [Mears; Sabre drill, Capt. D. H. Gilman; Butts drill, Maj. B. P. Hovey; Bayonet drill, Capt. C. R. Andrews; Sham Battle, Capt. D. H. Gilman, Capt. H. J. Betterley and Lieut. C. A. Tenney. In 1907, the drills were given as follows: Battalion drill, Maj. H. C. Pratt; Sabre and Artillery drills, Lieut. P. V. Sherman; Guard Mount, Capt. M. J. Noyes; Tent drill, (B Companj^,) Capt. L. E. Knight; Bayonet drill, (C Company,) Capt. J. H. Mears; Skirmish drill, by Battalion. Gov. Fletcher D. Proctor reviewed the corps; music was furnished by the Northfield Cornet Band. In 1908, Battalion drill, Maj. W. P. Eraser; Company drill, by bugle calls, Capt. K.F. Baldwin; Sabre drill, Capt. R. A. North; Guard Mount, Capt. L. N. Wheelock; Shelter Tent drill, Capt. E. E. Day; Artillery drill, Capt. R. A. North; Bayonet, Butts Rifle and Calisthenic drills, Maj. W. P. Eraser; Extended Order drill, Capt. L. N. Wheelock and Maj. W. P. Eraser. In 1909, the drills were given as follows: Battalion and Butts Rifle and Calisthenic drills, Maj. G. I. Ro we; Cavalry drill, Capt. L. A. I. Chapman, U. S. A. The Battalion was reviewed and inspected by Governor Prouty. In 1910, Battalion drill, Maj. Everett Collins; Mounted drill, bareback, Capt. Harold A. Ainley; Butts Rifle and Calisthenic drills, also Sham Battle, were given by the Battalion. The corps was reviewed by Governor Prouty and Gen. Edward H. Ripley, U. S. Volunteers. COMMENCEMENT CONCERTS. For many years the Commencement Concerts have been one of the most attractive features of commencement week. They were given on Thursday evening until 1904, and since this date on Wednesday evening. They were given at Concert Hall during 1884-87, 1889-98; at Armory Hall, Northfield, 1888, 1901, and 1902; at Armory Hall in Montpelier in 1899 and 1900, and at Dewey Hall 1903-10. The musics has been furnished as follows: Howard Opera COMMENCEMENT CONCERTS AND HOPS. 323 House Orchestra of Burlington, June 18, 1885, June 15, 18S6; Blaisdell's Orchestra of Concord, N. H., June 23, 1887, June 14, 1888; Edmonds' Orchestra of Boston, June 27, 1889; Marion Osgood Orchestra of Boston, June 26, 1890; Pavilion Band of Montpelier, Vt., assisted by Miss Nellie Guertin Clark, soloist, of Lancaster, N. H., June 25, 1891 ; The Ladies' Schubert Quartette, of Boston, June 30, 1892; Beedle's Orchestra of Keene, N. H., June 27, 1893, June 27, 1895; Eastman's Orchestra of Manchester, N. H., June 28, 1894; Henry's Orchestra of Boston, June 25, 1896; Eastman & Morey's Orchestra of Manchester, N. H., July 1, 1897; Eastman's Orchestra of Portsmouth, N. H., June 30, 1898; Wilder's Orchestra of Montpelier, 1899-1903; Colonial Orches- tral Club of Boston, assisted by Mr. Field Kimball, humorist, 1904 and 1905; The Temple Quartette in 1906; '' N. U." musical clubs in 1907, 1908 and 1909, assisted by John Thomas, the well known humorist of Boston, and a former resident of Northfield; The Delphian Ladies' Orchestra of Boston, in 11510. The cadet hops continued during this period to be the most popular of the various University functions. They were given in Armory Hall in the Governor Paine Block from 1885 to 1898; at the Armory in Montpelier 1899 to 1901 ; at the new Armory Hall in Northfield in 1902, 1904 and 1910; at Dewey Hall, 1903 and 1905-09. The music from 1885 until 1904 was given by the orchestras that played for the concerts; 1904 and 1905 by Wilder's orchestra of Montpelier; 1906, 1907 and 1908 by Whittier's orchestra of Montpelier; in 1910 by Riley's orchestra of Barre. From 1882 until 1887, the suppers were served at the North- field House. The ladies of the Universalist church gave the supper in Good Templars' Hall in the Paine Block in 1887 and at Concert Hall in 1889. The ladies of the Episcopal church gave the suppers in 1888 and 1890 in Good Templars Hall in Paine Block. CHAPTER VIII. Record of the Alumni and Past Cadets in Civil Life. Clergymen — Teachers — Lawyers — Judges — Senators — Congress- men — U. S. Ministers and Consuls — Postmasters — Governors and Lieutenant-Governors — State. Senators and Represent^ativeS — Chem- ists, Druggists, and Physicians — Dentists — Civil Engineering Work — Inventors — Merchants and Business Men — -Salesmen^Insurance Men Hotel Proprietors — Bankers — Manufacturers — LumberiVien — Farmers, Planters and Ranchmen — Quarrymen — Sailors and Sea Captains — Artists, Authors and Editors — Orators and Lecturers — Librarians — Service with Secret Societies. The purpose of Captain Partridge in founding the " American Literary, Scientific and Military Academy," and later the " Norwich University,' ' was to establish an institution for the training, of a Citizen-Soldiery and for preparing the cadets for all the active duties of life. In the previous chapters the speeches and 'writings of Captain Partridge have been quoted giving his ideas on education. In the educational work of the old " Academy' ' and the Univer- sity, the academic'^and the military work were given equal rank. To know how well the cadets have succeeded, who have followed Captain Partridge's plan of education, one has only to inspect the Ipng lists of cadets who have been honorably engaged in the many activities of life. In the various professions, as well as in the q,rmy, many of the cadets have stood at the head. Forty-six of the graduates and past cadets have served in the ministry. Their service by denomination is as follows: Episco- pal, 15; Universalist and Unitarian, 14; Methodist, 3; Congrega- tional, 13 ; Baptist, 3 ; Catholic, 1 ; Adventist, 1 ; Unclassified, 3. Of the Episcopal clergymen. Rev. William R. Huntington, '56, served for several years as rector of Grace Church of New York; Rev, Walter Delafield, '56, was prominent in church work in Chicago; Rev. Arthur Lawrence, '58, was for many years the rector of St. Paul's Church, Stockbridge, Mass.; and Rev. Edward L. Stoddard, '64, was rector of St. John's church of Jersey CLERGYMEN.. \0r^ City, N. J., the largest and most prosperous church in the state. Rev. Howard F. Hill, '67, a clergyman of recognized ability, is now residing in Concord, N. H. Several of the cadets have been especially prominent in the Universalist Church. Rev. Theophilus Fiske, '23, was for many years one of the most prominent clergymen of the church; Rev. Alonzo A. Miner, '33, was for many years pastor of the Second Universalist church of Boston and later president of Tufts col- lege; Rev. Cyrus H. Fay, '37, was pastor of various churches in New England and in Washington, D. C. ; Rev. John H. Moore, '38, was for many years pastor of several of the largest churches of his denomination in New England; Rev. Luther J. Fletcher, '41, was one of the most eloquent preachers of the church, serving as pastor of churches in Lowell, Mass., Brooklyn and Buffalo, N. Y., and Grand Rapids, ]\Iich.; Rev. S. H. McCollester, '51, was for several years pastor of the church in Nashua, N. H. ; Rev. Walter Dole has been for several years pastor of the Universalist church in Northfield and the University chaplain. Rev. William H. Brisbane, '26, was for many years pastor of Baptist churches in various sections of the country. Rev. Thomas R. Owen, '28, was for many years, the leading divine of the Baptist church in North Carolina; Rev. Samuel H. Greene, '65, has been for several years the pastor of Calvary Baptist church of Washing- ton, one of the largest and most successful churches in that city. Rev. John Robertson, '65, who was for several years a suc- cessful Episcopal clergyman, became a Jesuit priest and died in the East Indies about 1890 ; Rev. Orestes A. Brownson, '24, the distin- guished philosophical writer, was for several years a clergyman in the Unitarian, L^niversalist, and Congregational denominations until 1844, when he became a Catholic; Rev. Frederick A. Barton, '25, was for several years pastor of Congregational churches in Massachusetts and chaplain of the 10th Massachusetts Volunteers in the Civil War; Rev. John C. Holbrook, '25, was for several years pastor of Congregational churches in Davenport, Iowa, Portland, Maine, and Stockton, Cal.; also was for several years secretary of the New York Home Missionary Society; Rev. Elisha Adams, '32, was for several years a presiding elder in the Methodist church in New Hampshire, and Rev. Charles Hundson, '54, colonel of the 11th Vermont Volunteers in the Civil War, was for several years a Methodist clergyman in Ohio and New York. 326 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. CLERGYMEN. '32. Adams, Elisha (Methodist) '.39. '25. Barton, Frederick A. (Congrega- tional) Booth, Alfred (Universalist) '51. '91. '40. '26. Brisbane, William H. (Baptist) '50. '25. Brownson, Orestes A. '45. '55. Burton, William S. (Universalist) '33. '28. Day, Rodman '38. '56. Delafield, Walter (Episcopal) '30. '28. Denlson, Samuel D. (Episcopal) '28. '70. Dole, Walter (Universalist) '26. ■98. Ellis, George H. (Methodist) '45. '27. Elliot, Stephen D. (Episcopal) '26. '37. Fay, Cyrus H. (Universalist) '46. '23. Fiske, Theophilus (Universalist) '65. '43. Fletcher, Luther J. (Universalist) •78. '55. Gorman, Thomas (Universahst) '28. '65. Green, Samuel H. (Baptist) '28. '49. Hollman, Samuel A. '25. '67. Hill, Howard F. (Episcopal) '65. '25. Holbrook, John C. (Congregational '37. '51. Hundson, Charles (Methodist) '83. '56. Huntington, William R. (Episcopal) '25. •26. Johnson, Richard (Episcopal) '25. •58. Lawrence, Arthur (Episcopal) Livingston, William (Universahst) McCoUester, Sulhvan H. (Uni- versalist) Marvin, Josiah (Universalist) May, Calvin (Universalist) Miller, Orlando D. (Universalist) Miner, Alonzo A. (Universalist) Moore, John H. (Universalist) Newton, Benjamin B. (Episcopal) Owen, Thomas R. (Baptist) Phillips, John C. (Congregational) Potter, Daniels C. N. (Episcopal) Prescott, Edward G. (Episcopal) Putnam, James W. (Universalist) Robertson, John (Catholic) Sherman, Frederick F. (Episcopal) Sill, Frederick (Episcopal) Stanley, Harvey (Episcopal) Stockbridge, Joseph (Episcopal) Stoddard, Edward L. (Episcopal) Swett, Joseph (Episcopal) Tyler, George E. (Advent) Tyng, James H. (Episcopal) Williston, David H. (Congregational) Cadets Engaged in Teaching. About two hundred of the cadets have engaged in teaching. Of this number sixty-five have taught in military schools and an account of their work will be given in Chapter IX. Benjamin M. Tyler, '23, was for many years the principal of the Instructors' School in Franklin, N. H., the first normal school organized in this country. Prof. Ebenezer B. Williston, '23, after teaching at the "Academy" was president of Jefferson college, Miss., and upon his resignation in 1832, was succeeded by John Holbrook, '25; Gen. James McKay, '25, was for several years a noted educator in New York; Prof. John F. Frazer, '27, became the vice-provost of the University of Pennsylvania; Rev. John C. Holbrook, '25, as financial agent of Iowa College, accomplished much in establish- ing that Institution; Joseph B. Bourleigh, '32, was a distin- guished educator in Maryland, being the founder of Newton College in Baltimore; Rev. Alonzo Ames Miner, '33, was for several years the popular and successful president of Tufts College. Rev. Josiah Swett, '37, in company with General Jackman, '36, estab- lished the New England Seminary in Windsor, Vt.; Rev. William Livingstone, '39, was for a number of years professor of Mathe- matics and financial agent at Lombard University, 111. Rev. L. J. Fletcher, '41, was for several years principal of the once famous Mt. Caesar Seminary in New Hampshire; also principal of the Clinton Liberal Institute at Fort Plain, N. Y. Prof. Paul Raymond Kendall, '47, served for several years as principal of the Western Liberal Institute at Marietta, Ohio, and later founded Lombard University, 111., serving as its first president. TEACHERS. 327 Prof. James V. N. Standish, '47, served as professor of Mathe- matics and Astronomy at Lombard University, from 1854 until 1892, when he was elected president, retaining this position until 1895, when he resigned. He did much to advance the prosperity of that institution. Rev. S. H. McCollester, '51, served as princi- pal of the Mt. Caesar Seminary and the Westbrook (Maine) Seminar}^ and as president of Buchtell College, Akron, Ohio. Col. tSamuel W. Shattuck, '60, has won distinction as professor of Mathe- matics, Dean of the Department of Mathematics, and Comptroller of the University of Illinois. Since Colonel Shattuck first went to that Institution, in 1868, the attendance has increased from 140 to 5,000 students, and the expenditures from $42,000 to $2,000,000 a year. Major H. E. Alvord, '63, served for some years at the various agricultural colleges and stations in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Maryland, and Oldahoma, as pro- fessor, director and president; Rev. S. H. Greene, '65, served for some time as president of Columbian University (now George Washington) in Washington, D. C. Prof. Adrian Scott, '71, was for several years associate professor of the Germanic Languages at Brown University. Prof. Malverd A. Howe, '82, has served as professor of Civil Engineering at the Rose Polytechnic Institute, Terre Haute, Ind., since 1887. Capt. C. K. Mellen, '84, is now the successful principal of the Lafayette High School, Buffalo, N. Y. Twenty-three of the graduates and past cadets have served as superintendents of town and city schools. Mr. Herman Dressel, Jr., '89, holds the responsible position of superintendent of schools' of Kearney, N. J. Hall, James A. Hart, Elias B. Haskell, Henry L. S. Hatch, Jessie P. Holbrook, John Holbrook, John C. Hooke, Enoch G. Howe, Asa Howe, Malverd A. Hubbard, David Hurlbut, Lucius Hurlbut, Wilbur E. Hurlbut, WilUam U. Irish, Robert L. Kellev, Elisha S. Kendall, Paul R. Kimball, Francis Z. Kimliall, Oilman Ivuight, Sumner Lcarnard, Oscar E. Leland. Oscar H. Lewis, Charles H. Livingstone, William Lovell, George P. Marsh, Benjamin F. Marsh, Oreu TEACHERS. '10- Adams, Conrad A. '54. Conn, Granville P. •39. '26. Alexander,HenryD.W. '39. Couch, Hiram M. •57. '55. Andrus, Delano F. '41. Cushman, Simeon S. •46. '78. Armitage, Benjamin F. '69. Denison, Charles S. '25. '89. Aseltine, Elmer A. '45. Dow, Roswell '25. '49. Averill, Clinton S. '90. Dressel, Herman, Jr. •25. '67. Batehelder, James E. '08. Eaton, Ralph A. '48. '40. Belcher, William C. '89. Ellis, G. Harold '43. '46. Bennett, Alexander '42. Emerson, George W. F '82. •43. Blanchard, Lemuel W. '5-2. Emery. Harvey W. •57. '27. Blois, John T. '46. Ensworth, Charles E. •40. •91. Booth, Alfred F. '43. Fletcher, Luther J. •93. '87. Booth, Ernest V. '50. Foss, Obed '39. '32. Bourleigh, Joseph B. '26. Frazer, John F. '89. '44. Brown, Edward M. '56. Freeman, Frederick N. •54. '65. Brown, Leonard B. '94. Gibson, Ernest W. •47. '06. Burnett, Clarence N. '10. Giles, Everett T. ■72. '96. Carleton, Charles S. •09. Gilmour, John T. '26. •09. Carpenter, Merritt, E. '36. Gleason, Amecy '40. •96. C.TSwell, Herbert E. •49. Gould, Jacob P. '55. •43. Chandler, William W. •49. Gray, Chauncey •54. '86. Cheney, Charles H. '97. Gray, Ransom A, •55. •09. Clark, Frank S. •65. Green, Samuel H. '39. •44. Clark, Thomas '56. Guild, Edwin •99. •38. Colbum, Neal R. '25. Gumsey, Lyman '35. •24. Colbum, Zerah '09. Haight, Grant R. '32. •^•Wr^s^B 1 „ V - '• '■ ' .^ ■'•, ' ■'■ ' "-<* ? r-«!K- I, > U , t t; u \ 'f t I) , •^ I N I N r M h: ■" - II I l< '*• r-. n ( N 'I- >• 11 .^ «r I J Survey of Norwich, Vt., and surrounding country, made by the corps of cadets »n 1824 TEACHERS-LAWYERS. 329 Stebbins, Harrison Stone. "William R. Storrs, George E. Strong, John W. Swett, Josiah Swett, James W. Tarbell, Charles G. Thayer, Herbert E. Tinker, Frank N. Tupper, Calvin K. Tyler, Benjamin M. Tyler, George E. Tyler, John W. L. Tyng, James H. Upham, Edward D. Waterman, Arba N. Williston, Ebenezer B. Winslow, Arthur E. SUPERINTENDENTS OF SCHOOLS AND MEMBERS OF SCHOOL BOARDS. •39. Marsh, Samuel '96. Plumley, Charles A. '43. •98. Maxwell, Charles R. '26. Porcher, Frederick A. •43. •41. McClay, WiUiam '45. Potter, Daniel S. C. N. '94. •51. McCollester,SunivanH '46. Richardson, Amos '41. •51. McFarland, Daniel '41. Richardson, David '37. '25. McKay, James '25. Rhodes, Benjamin H. '72. •67. McLoud, John H. '60. Robbins, Henry A. '70. '84. Mellen, Calvert K. '40. Roundy, Alvin •83. '36. Morris, Henry V. '76. Rumbaugh, William M •06. '63. Moses, Rufus L. '71. Scott, Adrian •52. '92. Mowry, Jesse B. '39. Shattuck, Samuel •23. ■47. Murphy, James G. '60. Shattuck, Samuel W. '83. •23. Newton, Calvin P. '91. Shaw, Ethan A. '48. •47. OUver, Caleb '50. Shepard, George S. '26. 07. Parker, Eugene F. •40. Shcdd, Warren •74. •84. Parker, Fred S. '51. Smalley, Henry A. '55. •24. Pennock, Cyril '48. Smith, George C. '23. •46. Pennock, Joseph •77. Spaulding, Burleigh F. '98. '23. Phelps , Edward A. •47. Standish, James V. N. '57. Clark, Warren •78. Hiland, Frank E. '76. Richardson, Waldo H . ■46. Cobb, Nathan B. ■58. Hobbs, George W. '71. Scott, Adrian '66. Daniels, Willis K. '36. Jackman, Alonzo '52. Simonds, Samuel C. '69. Dole, Charles •78. Marsh, Edward S. '77. Spaulding, Burleigh F. '45. Dow, Roswell •50. May, Calvin '82. Steele, Fred E. '38. Dow, Simeon '47. Nichols, Stephen H. '83. Tyler, George E. '90. Dressel, Herman, Jr. '47. Parker, Walter W. •91. Woodruflf, Harrison L. ■79. Gorton, Ehot '66. Reed, Charles H. LAWYERS. The alumni have been especially distinguished in the practice of law, 216 of the cadets having followed this profession. Valen- tine B. Horton, '25, after teaching at the "Academy," studied law and practiced his profession in Pittsburg, Pa., and Pomeroy, Ohio, with marked success. Coggswell K. Greene, '26, became a well known lawyer in Michigan. Charles D. Drake, '26, became one of the most distinguished members of the Missouri bar, and later, chief justice of the U. S. Court of Claims. Theodore Sedgwick, '27, became a well known lawyer in New York, serving as U. S. Attorney of the southern district of that state. John P. Jones, '28, became prominent at the Pennsylvania bar, serving as district attorney and as a judge. Charles Tracy, '28, was a well known lawyer in New York City. Philip Phillips, '28, became one of the most prominent lawyers of this country, practicing in the courts of South Carolina, Alabama, Louisiana and Washington, D. C. William A. Beach, '28, was also one of the leading attorneys of the country, being engaged in many notable cases. The most celebrated were the suit of the Erie R. R. Co., vs. Commodore Vanderbilt, popularly known as the "Five Million Dollar Suit," the court-martial of Colonel North, and Theodore Tilton vs. Henry Ward Beecher. Thomas Bragg,'28, Robert S. Reid, and Michael Hoke, '29, became prominent at- jorneys in North Carolina; Isaac E. Morse, '28, was a prominent 330 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. member of the Louisiana bar, serving as attorney general of the state. Luther R. Marsh, '29, was for many years a prominent lawyer in New York, being attorney for several railroad corpora- tions. He was for a time associated with Daniel Webster. Edward Stanley, '29, became a distinguished attorney in North Carolina, serving as attorney general of the state. Jefferson P. Kidder, '32, a prominent lawyer in Vermont, Minnesota and Dakota (territory), served for several years as associate justice of the U. S. court for the territory. Jasper- W. Gilbert, '32, became a prominent attorney in New York, serving as a supreme judge many years. William Hull, '33, was prominent in the Wisconsin courts. Thomas J. Whipple, '37, became a leading member of the New Hampshire bar, and Winfield S. Sherwood of the same class became prominent in California. Oilman Folsom, '39, was a prominent member of the Iowa bar, and while a member of the state legislature in 1851, had charge of the framing of the first code of laws of the state. Asa C. Marvin, '39, was a prominent attorney in Missouri. Youngs V. Wood, '39, became prominent at the Ohio bar, serving for some years as district attorney and judge of probate. Jonathan Tarbell, '39, was a prominent lawyer in New York, Mississippi and Washington, D. C. He served as assistant attorney general of New York, also as chief justice of the Supreme court of Missis- sippi. Ephraim Flint, '41, was a prominent member of the Maine bar; William L. Lee, '42, became distinguished as chief justice of the supreme court of the Hawaiian Islands, and as the framer of the first code of laws of the Islands. Henry C. Longnecker, '42, was a prominent lawyer in Pennsylvania, serving for some time as district attorney. Otis S. Tenney, '45, is a prominent member of the Kentucky bar. Milan H. Sessions, '45, was a prominent member of the bar of Wisconsin and Nebraska. Gus- tavo A. Breaux, '47, was one of the leading attorneys of the Louisiana bar. William Pitt Kellogg, '47, was for many years a leading lawyer in Illinois, Nebraska and Louisiana. He served for some time as chief justice of the supreme court of Nebraska and is now retired and resides in Washington, D. C. Luther S. Dixon, '48, became one of the leading attorneys of this country and, as chief justice of the supreme court of Wisconsin, gained great distinction through his learned decisions. Julius P. Atwood, '48, Harvey W. Emery, '52, and George E. Bryant, '54, also became leading members of the Wisconsin bar. LAWYERS, 331 Luther L. Baxter, '51, for a number of years a prominent lawyer in Wisconsin and Minnesota, is now an honored judge in the latter state. Egbert Phelps, '55, and Arba N. Water- man, '55, are prominent members of the Illinois bar. Oscar E. Learnard, '55, has gained distinction as a lawyer and judge in Kansas. Benjamin M. Beckwith, '55, was a prominent attorney in Wisconsin and New York and John Mitchell, '57, was a leading lawyer and circuit judge in Iowa. Levi W. Goodrich, '57, has gain- ed distinction as a lawyer and judge in Texas. Benjamin K. Steele, '57, was for several years judge of the supreme court of Vermont. George W. Hobbs, '58, was a prominent corporation lawyer in Massachusetts. Dudley F. Phelps, '64, became a leading lawyer in New York City, serving as district attorney, and chief law officer of the New York Custom House. H. A. Howard, '65, and J. S. Richards, '65, are prominent members of the New York bar. William R. Hoyt, '64, for several years a prominent lawyer in Wisconsin, is at present the U. S. Commissioner for Indian Territory. Wesley K. Walton, '67, is a leading lawyer in Utah. George E. Otis, '67, was a prominent attorney and judge in California. Samuel D. Conant, '72, has gained prominence at the Massa- chusetts bar. Fred W. Gregg, '73, is a leading lawyer at Los Angeles, Cal. Cyrus M. Johnston, '73, is a prosperous attorney at Detroit City, Minn. Burleigh F. Spaulding, '77, has gained distinction as a lawyer and judge in North Dakota and Eugene M. Carr, '79, is a leading attorney in Seattle, Wash. Loomis S. Cull, '80, is a well known lawyer in South Dakota. James M. Holland practiced the profession with success in North Dakota and in Washington and is now located in New York City. Fred S. Parker, '84, has gained prominence at the bar in North Dakota and Wisconsin and is now city judge of West Superior, Wisconsin. N. L. Sheldon, '84, is a prosperous attorney in Boston, and was prominent in the prosecution of the Russell Will case. Elmer R. Juckett, '89, is a leading lawyer and county judge at Hot Springs, S. D., and H. N. Cross of the same class is meeting with success in the profession in Springfield, Mass. Edmond H. Ryan, '92, is a prosperous attorney in Utah. W. H. Sprague, '91, E. C. Bennett, '93, E. W. Gibson, '94 and F. B. Thomas, '95, C. A. Plumley, '96 and W. S. Pingree, '01, are becoming prominent at the Vermont bar. Arthur G. Andrews, '96, in his brief career as an attorney, gave promise of a brilliant future. W. E. Hurlburt, '93, is meeting with marked success in the pro- 332 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. fession in Wisconsin. R. U. Smith, '94, is a rising attorney at Woodsville, N. H., and Percy P. Learned, '01, is attaining success as an attorney in New York City^ LAWYERS. 39. Adams.l George B. '64. Allen, Charles P. '66. Allen, Cornelius L. '96. Andrews, Arthur G. '48. Atwood.jjuUus P. '49. Averill, CUnton S. '45. Barnard, John M. '00. Batchelder, Charles '73. Bates, Frank R. '24. Baxter, Carlos '51. Baxter, Luther L. '51. Baxter, WilhamR. '26. Beach, Wilham A. '93. Bearss, Carter B. '55. Beckwith,BenjaininM. '40. Belcher, Wilham C. '93. Bennett, Edward C. '46. Bishop, Linus D. '67. Blodgett, George B. '27. Blois, John T. '41. Bovay, Alvin E. '28. Bragg, Thomas '47. Breaux, Gustavo A. '48. Brush, Abner K. '54. Bryant, George E. '52. Burge, Royal L. •46. Burt, Charles W. '73. Burt, Henry A. '65. Carpenter, Lorenzo D. '79. Carr, Eugene M. '68. Chamberlain,James K. P '56. Chase, Arthur '37. Sherwood, Winfield S. '58. Childs, Jonathan W. '57. Clark, Warren '48. Colby, Gilbert W. '72. Conant, Samuel D. '43. Crooker, J.abez C. '89. Cross, Herbert N. '59. Cross, Samuel H. '26. Crowninshield, Francis B. '45. Crowninshield, John C. '80. Cull, Loomis S. '39. Cushman, Isaac N. '82. Davis, Charles M. '55. Davis, Thomas H. '28, Deming, Charles F. '66. Denison, Joseph D. '30. Dewey, Thomas M. '48. Dixson, Luther S. '98. Dinsmoor, Paul A. '26. Drake, Charles D. '27. Duane, Wilham '41. Dustln, Daniel H. '42. Emerson, George W.F. '52. Emery, Harvey W. '35. Estabrook, Alonzo F. '24. Fletcher, Ryland '48. Fling, Lewis W. '41. Flint, Ephraim '39. Folsom, Gilman '23. French, Edward '26. Green, Coggswell K. '73. Gregg, Fred W. '94. Gibson, Ernest W. '67. Gibson, James '32. Gilbert, Jasper W. '40. Gilson, James M. '57. Goodrich, Levi W. '28. Gourdin, Lewis J. '49. Gove, Jesse A. '29. Hale, Reuben C. '58. Hale, SUaa K. '60. '39. Hall, James A. '01. '43. Hancock, Henry '52. '32. Harrington, Caleb B. '64. '46. Haskell, Henry L. S. '66. '45. Hemenway.StillmanR. '28. '62. Henderson, Thomas A. '96. '26. Hill, Wilham H. '38. '78. Hiland, Frank E. '66. '83. Hobbs, George T. '26. '58. Hobbs, George W. •86. '99. Hoke, Michael '64. '83. Holland, James M. '86. '48. Hooke, Enoch G. '29. '76. Hooper, William '66 '25. Horton, Valentine B. '49. '61. Houghton, Charles B. '92. '65. Howard, Henry A. '28. '62. Howard, Henry H. '59 '64. Hoyt, Wilham R. '28. '33. Hull, William '27, '46. Huntington, Sylvanus '28 C. •45. •93. Hurlbut, Wilbur E. '28. '60. Hutchinson, Charles W. '84. '23. Hutchinson, Henry S. '78. '27. Hyde, John J. '52. '25. Ives, Ch.arles '64. '68. Johnson, Alexander B. '66. '73. Johnston, Cyrus M. '94. '26. Jones, George W. '77. '28. Jones, John P. '91. '89 Juckett, Elmer R '25. '47' KeUogg, WiUiam P. '28. '54. Kent, Henry O. '28. '90. Kent, Henry P. '57. '34. Kidder, Jefferson P. '23. '58. Knowles, Samuel W. '24. Laiigdon-Elwin, C. H. '50. '56. Learnard, Oscar E. '37. '01. Learned, Percy P. '68. '42. Lee, Wilham L. '94. '54. Leland, Oscar H. '28. '97. Lewis, Albert E. '39. '38. Lillie, Jehiel '24. '42. Longnecker, Henry C. '45. '25. Loring, Francis C. '95. '24. Lowell, Charles R. '27. '26. Marsh, Charles C. '05. '78. Marsh, Edward S. '32. '29. Marsh, Luther R. '52. '28. Marshall, Samuel D. •28. '.39. Marvin, Asa C. '24. '51. McFarland, Daniel '57. '05. McFeeters, Wilham R. '48. '52. Merrill, Edward B. '44. '27. Merwin, George B. •67. '43. Milroy, Robert H. '67. '24. Minot, George '48. '56 Mitcheh, John '55. '29. Morse, Isaac E. '25. '40. My rick, Cyrus G. '24. '28. Noble, Wilham H. '73. '45. Noyes, David K. '40. '25. Olcott, Wilham '37. '67. Otis, George E. '42. '28. Owen, Thomas R. '41. '58. Page, Frank A. '66. '84. Parker, Fred S. '63. '69. Parker, George '39. '44. Partridge, Frederic W. '57. '23. Partridge, Samuel '47. '24. Perkins, Hamilton H. '42. '46. Pierce, Lucius D. '95. Pierce, Lafayette W^ Plngree, Wilham S. Phelps, Charles Phelps, Dudley F, Phelps, Egbert Philhps, Phihp Plumley, Charles A. Poole, Benjamin Potter, Joel S. Prescott, Edward G. Prince, Earl H. Putnam, GeorgelF. RandaU, Phil S. Reid, David S. Richards, Joseph S. Robinson, Calvin L. Ryan, Edmond H. Scoville, Charles H. Seaver, Thomas O. Sedgwick, Philo C. Sedgwick, Theodore Seeley, Edward H. Sessions, Milan H. Seymour, Horatio Sheldon, Ned L. Sherman, Frederick F Simonds, Samuel C. Slayton, Henry L. Small, Reuel Smith, Raymond U. Spaulding, Burleigh F. Sprague, Wilham H. Stanley, Alfred Stanley, Edward Stanley, Harvey Steele, Benjamin H. Stockbridge, Tristram G. Stone, Charles J. F. Streeter, Sebastian R. Swett, Channing Sweet, Herbert L. Syme, John W. TarbeU, Jonathan Temple, Robert E. Tenney, Otis S. Thomas, Fred B. Thompson, Charles E. Thompson, Daniel P. Tipton, Spear S. Towne, John P. Tracy, Charles Van Ness, James Veazie, John A. Vogel, Jacob A. Wadhams, Albert I. Walhngford.CharlesR. Walton, Wesley K. Warner, Stanley M. Waterman, Arba N. Webber, Sumner A. Wiggin, Benjamin Wilhams, Charles K. Wheeler, Simeon Whipple, Thomas J. White, Albert G. White, Thomas W. Whittier, James A. L' Wood, Thomas C. Wood, Youngs V. Worthen, Harry N Wright, Charles R Wright, Joseph C. Yeaton, Samuel G. LEGAL POSITIONS HELD BY THE ALUMNI. 333 U. S. COURT OF CLAIMS. Charles D. Drake, '28. CHIEF JUSTICES. Nebraska. WUliam P. Kellogg, '47. Hawaiian Islands. William L. Lee, '42. Wisconsin. Luther S. Dixon, '48. George W. Jonea, '26. STATE JUDGES. California. Wlnfield S. Sherwood, '37. Florida. Jonathan W. Childs, '58. Illinois. Arba N. Waterman, '56. Indiana. Robert H. Milroy, '43. Iowa. Royal L. Burge, '52. John Mitchell, '56. Kansas. Oscar E. Leamard, '55. Minnesota. Luther L. Baxter, '51. Mississippi. Ralph L. North, '28. Jonathan Tarbell, '39. New York. Jasper W. Gilbert, '32. North Dakota. Burleigh F. Spalding, '77. South Dakota. Jefferson P. Kidder, '32. Vermont. Benjamin H. Steele, '57. COUNTY JUDGES. California. George E. Otis, '67 Mississippi. Abbott A. Shattuck, '64. New York. Sylvanus C. Huntington, '46. Cornelius L. Allen, '66. North Dakota. Phil S. RandaU, '86. Ohio. Frederick Kinsman, '28. Pennsylvania. John P. Jones, '26. South Dakota. Elmer R. Juckett, '89. Loomia S. Cull, '80. Vermont. Nathan B. Cobb, '46. Wisconsin. Julius P. Atwood, '48. Samuel C. Simonds, '51. George E. Bjwant, '54. William R. Efoyt, '64. JUDGES OF PROBATE. Connecticut. Elihu W. N. Starr, '28. Georgia. Henry H. Cary, '43. Michigan. Charles Rich, '25. Coggswell K. Green, '26. New Hampshire. Hamilton E. Perkins, '25. Warren Clark, '57. Ohio. Youngs V. Wood, '39. Utah. Wesley K. Walton, '67. Vermont. Isaac H. Cushman, '39. Thomas O. Seaver, '59. Edward C. Bennett, '93. Ernest W. Gibson, '94. CITY MAGISTRATES. Brattleboro, Vt. Ernest W. Gibson, '94. Ellendale, N. D. Phil S. RandaU, '86. Lawrence, Kans. Henry H. Howard, '52. Superior, Wis. Fred S. Parker, '84. DISTRICT AND STATES ATTORNEYS. Connecticut. William H. Noble, '27. Louisiana. Isaac E. Morse, '26. Minnesota. Daniel H. Dustin, '41. Luther L. Baxter, '51. Cyrus M. Johnson, '73. New Hampshire. George F. Putman, '64. New Mexico. WiUiam W. H. Davis, '42. Attorney. General and District Attorney. New York. Theodore Sedgwick, '28. William A. Beach, '28. Dudley F. Phelps, '64. Henry- A. Howard, '65. Ohio. Youngs V. Woods, '39. Pennsylvania. John P. Jones, '26. Robert Eraser, '37. Henry C. Longnecker, '42. South Dakota. Loomis S. Cull, '80. Elmer R. Juckett, '89. Utah. Edmond H. Ryan, '92. Vermont. Caleb B. Harrington, '32. Jefferson P. Kidder, '32. Milan H. Sessions, '45. Joseph D. Denison, '66. Charles Batchelder, '00. POLITICAL WORK OF THE ALUMNI. 335 Virginia. George Tucker, '47. Washington. Eugene M. Carr, 79. Wisconsin. Milan H. Sessions, '45. Luther S. Dbcon, '48. William R. Hoyt, '64. CITY ATTORNEYS. Chippewa Falls, Wis. William R. Hoyt, '64. Hot Springs, S. D. LoomLs S. Cull, '80. Omro, Wis. Wilbur E. Hurlbut, '93. Rochester, N. Y. Jasper W. Gilbert, '32. CLERKS OF COURTS. Connecticut. William H. Noble, '26. Georgia. Adolphus Rutherford, '28. Illinois. Frederick W. Partridge, '45. Iowa. Noel B. Howard, '60. Maine. Ephraim Flint, '41. Missouri. Warren Shedd, '40. George W. Jones, '26. Texas. Roswell W. Lee, '26. Wisconsin. Samuel C. Simonds, '52. Political Work of the Alumni. In the political affairs of the country the alumni and past cadets have been especially prominent. Twenty-three have been delegates to the national conventions of the various political parties. To Alvan E. Bovay, '41, belongs the honor of naming the " Republican' ' party. He served as chairman of the committee appointed by the convention, held in Ripon, Wis., Feb. 28, 1854, to found a new party in that state. One of the graduates of the " Academy,' ' Horatio Seymour, '28, was the presidential nominee of the Democratic party in 1868. Gideon Welles, '26, as Secretary of the Navy, was one of the most influential members of the cabi- nets of Presidents Lincoln and Johnson. Thomas Bragg, '28, served for some time as attorney general in the cabinet of Jefferson Davis, president of the Confederate States. Five of the alumni have served as U. S. senators, and eighteen as congressmen. Thomas Bragg, '28, and David S. Reid, '29, served as senators in the Confederate Congress. George W. Jones, '26, Isaac E. Morse, '29, and Thomas H. Seymour, '29, served as ministers to foreign countries. Several of the cadets took an important part in the founding of Texas as an independent Republic. George H. Mcintosh, '28, served as the first minister to France. William L. Lee, '42, the distinguished lawyer and judge, served as Hawaiian minister to the United States. Eight of the graduates have served as U. S. Consuls. Isaac T. Smith, '28 was for many years a trusted consul- general and financial agent of the Kingdom of Siam in the United States. George W. Davis, '27, was for several years the British vice consul at Wilmington, N. C, George Little, '26, served as 336 NORWICH UNIVERSITY U. S. Marshal of North Carolina and Lewis S. Partridge, '38, held the same position in Vermont. General Jonathan Tarbell, '39, served for some years as assis- tant U. S. treasurer in Washington, and Gen. B. G. Farrar, '45, was U. S. treasurer at St. Louis, Mo. Four of the alumni have served as Indian commissioners and agents ; eight as receivers of the U. S. land office; six as U. S. revenue collectors; twenty-two as U. S. collectors of customs and employees of the Department; four as U. S. commissioners; seven, as pension agents; thirty-eight as postmasters. Four are employed in the U. S. Weather Bureau service; and four are in the U. S. Railway Mail service. - Thirteen have held and are holding positions not enumerated above. Of this number Maj. H. E. Alvord, '63, was for several years chief of the Dairy Division of the Agricultural Department; Henry 0. Brigham, '48, was chief clerk in the Patent Office; Col. H. O. Kent, '54, was U. S. Naval officer of the port of Boston. Thomas J. Lasier '64, has served for many years as chief clerk of various bureaus in the Navy Department. Captain William Newman, '43, was for several years chief of the capitol police, Washington. Reuel Small, '66, has served for some years as official stenographer of the U. S. House of Representatives. DELEGATES TO POLITICAL CONVENTIONS. '25. Baxter, Portus '26. Brisbane, William H. '44. Brown, Edward M. '54. Bryant, George E. '24. Darling, Joshua H. '39. Davis, Mitchell M. '42. Davis, WilUam W. H. '51. Dodge, Grenville M. '64. Estey, Julius J. '25. Fletcher, Ryland '26. Green, Coggswell K. '47. Kellogg, William P. '54. Kent, Henry O. '32. Kidder, Jefferson P. '28. Kinsman, Frederick '43. Lee, Stephen B. '42. Longnecker, Henry C. '38. Partridge, Lewis S. '27. Phillips, Philip '64. Putnam, George F. '49. Robinson, Calvin L. '26. Welles, Gideon '39. AVhipple, William M. PRESIDENTIAL NOMINEE. Horatio Seymour, '28. CABINET OFFICERS. Gideon Wells, '26. Thomas Bragg, '28. U. S. SENATORS. Charles D. Drake, '26, Mo. Thomas Bragg, '28, N. C. George W. Jones, '26, Iowa. WilUam P. Kellogg, '47, La. David S. Raid, '29, N. C. U. S. CONGRESSMEN. '25. Baxter, Portus, Vt. '24. Clapp, Asa W. H., Me. '51. Dodge, Grenville M., Wis. '25. HoUey, John M., N. Y. '25. Horton, Valentine B., Ohio '26. Jones, George W., Wis. '47. Kellogg, William P., La. '32. Kidder, Jefferson P., N. Dak. '42. Longnecker, Henry C., Pa. '39. Lyons, Caleb, N. Y. '28. Morse, Isaac E. La. '23. Partridge, Samuel, N. Y. '26. PhilUps, Philip, Ala. '29. Reid, David S.,N.C. '29. Seymour, Thomas H., Conn. '77. Spalding, Burleigh F., N. Dak. '29. Stanley, Edward, N. C. '27. Van Rensselaer, Henry, N. Y. CONFEDERATE STATES CONGRESS. David S. Reid, '29. Thomas Bragg, 29'. MINISTERS TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES. George W. Jones, '26, Colombia. Isaac E. Morse, '29, New Granada. Thomas H. Seymour, '29, Russia. Hawaii. William L. Lee, '42, Minister to United States. POLITICAL POSITIONS HELD BY THE ALUMNI. 337 Texas. George H. France. Mcintosh, '28, Minister to UNITED STATES CONSULS. Chile, Valpariso George B. Merwin, '28, Secretary. China Caleb Lyon, '39. Edward W. Rice, '57. William S. Vemam, '64. France, Paris. Theodore .Sedgwick, '28, attache Thomas J. Munson, '53 Manila, P. I. Alfred P. Edwards, '27. Porto Rico. John J. Hyde, '28. Siam, Bankok. Frederick W. Partridge, '45. Siam. Isaac T. Smith, '28, Consul General to the United States. Great Britain. George W. Davis, '27, Vice-consul to the United States. UNITED STATES MARSHALLS. George Little, '26, N. C. Lewis S. Partridge, '38, Vt. ASSISTANT UNITED STATES TREASURERS. Bernard G. Farrar, '45, St. Louis, Mo. Jonathan Tarbell, '39,Washington, D. C. INDIAN COMMISSIONERS AND AGENTS. '39. Davis, MitcheU M.. Wis. '41. Dom, Andrew J., Mo. '26. Lee, Roswell W., Tex. '43. Milroy, Robert H., Wash. RECEIVERS OF UNITED STATES LAND OFFICE. '45. Barnard, John M., Iowa. '44. Brown, Edward M., N. Dak. '52. Burge, Royal M., Mo. '80. Cull, Loomis L., S. Dak. '39. Folsom, Gilman, Iowa. '50. Holly, Henry W., Minn. '39. Marvin, Asa C, Mo. '25. Means, Robert, Iowa. UNITED STATES REVENUE COLLECTORS. '40. •54. '32. '50. •41. '64. Knight, Sumner Leland, Oscar H Lewis, Wilham E. May, Calvin NaUe, Benjamin F. Shattuck, AUbott A. UNITED STATES COLLECTOR OF CUSTOMS AND EMPLOYES '24. '25. '44. •37. '26. •43. •89. •26. Baxter, Carlos Clark, Henry E. W. Clark, Thomas Cobb, Daniel B. B. Green, Coggswell K Hancock, Henrv Hefflon, Willard C. Holmes, Arthur F. •27. Johnston, Daniel P. •47. Kellogg, William P. •25. Means, Robert '45. Newman, William A., '89. Palmer, Fred S. '47. Parker, Walter W. '56. Penniman, Luther L. •64. Phillips, Henry M. •45. Preston, Simon M. '83. Ramsay, John,W. '59. Rolfe, John '67. Stanwood, Charles F. '60. Starr, William '49. White, Henry B. UNITED STATES COMMISSIONERS WiUlam R. Hoyt., '64, Indian Territory and Alaska. Lucius D. Pierce, '46, Vt. and N. H. Calvin L. Robinson, '49, Fla. Wesley K. Walton, '67, Utah. FREEDMAN'S BUREAU. '47. Balloch, George W. '61. Chandler, Edward A. PENSION AGENTS. •42. Davis, WlUiam W. H. •64. Galbraith, Frederick W. '40. Gilson, James •53. McCollister, John Q. A. '25. Minot, George •45. Partridge, Frederick W. •41. Shields, James V. A. UNITED STATES WEATHER BUREAU SERVICE. '85. Hersey, Henrv B. '09. Heyer, Hobert E. '89. Shaw, Aurin R. •88. Shaw, WiUiam A. FORESTERS. •92. Mowry, Jesse B., R. I. •03. Foster, John H. UNITED STATES RAILWAY MAIL SERVICE. '95. Dowe, Ray S. '95. Hamilton, PUny J. '94. Hinman, Harvey L. '65. Millington, Gilbert D. MISCELLANEOUS POSITIONS. •63. Alvord, Henry E., Ch. Dairy Div. Agl. Dept. •55. Bickford, Frederick T. •48. Brigham, Henry O., Ch. Clerk, Patent Office. '90. Dole, Carl G., Clerk P. O. Dept. •54. Kent, Henry O., Naval Officer, Boston. •28. Ir\'ing, Sanders, Private Sec. P. M. Gen. '64.'* Lasier, Thomas J., Ch. Cleric, Navy Dept. '45. Newman, \ William, Ch. Capitol Police. '64. Phelps, Dudley, F., Atty. U. S. Custom House, N. Y. '66. Small, Reuel, Ch. Clerk, Behring Sea Com. and Official Reporter U. S. House Rep. '28. Smith, Isaac T., Com. of Imi- gration, N. Y. '53. Smith, Nathan A., Ch. Clerk, P. O. Dept. !26. Welles, Gideon, Ch. Bureau of Provisions and Clothing, Navy Dept. 338 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. POSTMASTERS. '93. Andrews, George L. '41. Eaton, Robert B. '38. '24. Baker, Jonathan •24. Fletcher, Asaph G. '31. '26. Barnes, William S. '94. Gillette, Heman '24. '41. Bean, Eli B. '25. Goodall, David '64. '44. Brown, Edward M. •26. Green, Coggswell K. '43. '54. Bryant, George E. '23. Hatch, Albert G. '49. •57. Clark, Warren '25. Hutchins, Ephraim '52. '45. Cobb, Samuel H. •54. Leiand, Oscar H. '91. '59. Cross, Samuel W. '24. Lyman, Charles •29. '25. Cushman, Henrv W. '23. Lyman, George •66. '50. • Dana, Stillman E. .39' Nichols, Samuel '27. '23. ' Dinsmoor, William '55. Noyes, David K. '39. '38. "■j Dow, Simeon^C. '45. Partrldge,FrederickW. Partridge, Lewis S. Pennock, Nathan L. Perkins, Hamilton H. PhiUips, Henry M. Post, Frederick L. Robinson, Calvin L. Simonds, Samuel C. Sprague, William H. Starr, Elihu W. N. Tibbetts, Charles F. Welles, Gideon Whipple, William M. State Political Positions. The political positions held by the alumni and past cadets in the various states are as follows: governors, 9; acting governors, 2; military governors, 2; lieutenant governors, 3; state senators, 46; state representatives, 133; clerks of senate, 4; clerks of house of representatives, 2; county clerks, 6; county treasurers, 12; register of deeds, 4; county commissioners, 5; sheriffs and policemen, 11; mayors, 17; aldermen, 26; town clerks, 7; secretaries of civil and military affairs, 2; bank commissioner, 1; members of board of agriculture, 3; land survey boards, 1; fish commissioner, 1. The cadets who have served as governors and lieutenant governors were distinguished men and their record has reflected great honor upon our Alma Mater. Many of the cadets, serving as state senators and representatives, were conspicuous in their work, being members of important committees. Several of the cadets, who held county and city offices, were prominent in their respective states. GOVERNORS OF STATES. '28. Adams, James H., S. C. '28. Bragg, Thomas, N. C. '24. Fletcher, Ryland, Vt. '26. Jones, George W., Iowa '47. Kellogg, Wilham P., La. '39. Lyons, Caleb, Idaho '29. Reid, David S., N. C. '28. Seymour, Horatio, N. Y. '29. Seymour, Thomas H., Conn. ACTING GOVERNORS. •42. Davis, William W. H., N. Mex. •39. Marvin, Asa C, Mo. MILITARY GOVERNORS. '28. Stanley, Edward, N. C. '59. Rice, Edmund (Panay, P. I.) LIEUTENANT GOVERNORS. '32. Kidder, Jefferson P., Vt. '25. Cushman, Henry W., Mass. '24. Fletcher, Ryland, Vt. STATE SENATORS. California. '48. Colby, Gilbert W. '24. Van Ness, James Connecticut. '25. .Johnson, Edwin F. '29. Hubbard, Henry G. '24. Pitkin, Samuel L. '51. Russell, Frederick W. Louisiana. '47. Breaux, Gustave A. '28. Campbell, Wilham S. '27. Morse, Isaac E. Massachusetts. '53. Crocker, Charles T. '25. Cushman, Henry W. '64. Phillips, Henry M. Minnesota. '51. Baxter, Luther L. '50. Holley, Henry W. '41. MiUer, LukeE. Missouri. '39. Marvin, Asa C. STATE POSITIONS HELD BY THE ALUMNI. 339 New Hampshire. '54. Kent, Henry O. '56. May, Calvin North Carolina. '29. Reid, David S. '29. Whitefield, James B. Ohio. '29. Horton, Horace S. '66. Necdham, William C. H. Rhode Island. '59. Cross, Samuel H. South Carolina. '28. Adams, James H. Utah. '67. Walton, Wesley K. Vermont. '39. Baxter, Henry '24. Carpenter, WilUam '39. Cushman, Isaac N. '64. Estey, Julius J. '52. Fletcher, Albert A. '38. Krary, Solon F. '94. Gibson, Ernest W. '69. Hunt, William H. '88. Johnson, Luther B. '32. Kidder, Jefferson P. '56. Kingslev, Levi G. '55. Peake, Willis R. '48. Reynolds, Asa '27. Sanford, William R. '39. Shattuck, Lemuel '82. Steele, Fred E. Virginia. '2S. Vates, Fr.ancis Wisconsin. '54. Bryant, George E. '39. Davis, Mitchell M. '33. Hull, William '45. Sessions, Milan H. CLERKS OF SENATES. William H. Brisbane, '26, Wis. WiUiam HuU, '33, Wis. Calvin May, '50, N. H. Charles A. Plumley, '96, Vt. REPRESENTATIVES, STATE LEGISLATURE. Alabama. '26. Philips, Philip, Ala. California. '68. Cargill, Charles G. '48. Colby, Gilbert W. '43. H.anoock, Henry '45. Kellogg, Edmund B. '26. .Miles, Smith M. '37. Sherwood, Wintield S Colorado. '55. Buell, Bela S. '50. Little, Richard S. Connecticut. '55. Bates, William M. '26. Ives, Charles '28. Hyde, WiUiam '28. Noble, Wilham H. '26. Phelps, Edward A. '24. Pitkin, Samuel L. '28. Sedgwick, Philo C. '26. Welles, Gideon Florida. 'oS. Childs, Jonathan W. Georgia. •25. Clarke, Henry E. W. Illinois. '50. Hammond, John E. W. Indiana. '49. Gleason, Newell '45. Milroy, John B. Iowa. '39. Folsom, Oilman Kansas. '55. Leamard, Oscar E. Louisiana. '47. Breau.x;, Gustave A. '28. Ranney, Henry J. Maine. '41. Bean, Eli B. '59. Brewer, Harlan P. '41. Flint, Ephraim '55. Lord, Charles V. Massachusetts. '25. Brooks, William G. '53. Crocker, Charles T. '25. Cushman, Henry W. '41. Fletcher, Luther J. '57. Granger, Brownell '64. Philhps, Henry M. '26. Prescott, Edward G. '46. Putnam, James W. '28. Moore, John H. '38. Poole, Benjamin '26. Sigoumey, Henry H. W. '38. Stebbins, Edward S. '37. Streeter, Joseph H. '59. Walcott, Charles T. Michigan. '26. Green, Coggswell K. Minnesota. '46. Barron, Horace E. '51. Baxter, Luther L. '51. Baxter, William R. '32. Kidder, Jefferson P. '41. Miller, Luke E. Mississippi. '37. Smith, James B. Missouri. '26. Drake, Charles D. '39. Marvin, .\s.a C. Nebraska. '45. Sessions, Milan H., (Speaker) New Hampshire. '54. Aiken, Walter '25. Bartlett, Levi '48. Cummings, David L. M. '73. Daniell, Harry W. '66. Daniels, Willis K. '53. George, Benjamin F. '23. Harris, Thoma-s J. '67. Hill, Howard F. '54. Kent, Henry O. '41. Moore, William H. '55. Olcott, George '64. Putnam, George F. '45. Tutherly, WilUam E. '37. Whipple, Thomas J. '39. 'WTiipple, William M. New York. '25. HoUy, John M. '39. Lyons, Caleb '28. Seymour, Horatio (Speaker) North Carolina. '28. Bragg, Thomas '28. Fitts, OUver D. '28. Stanley, Edward (Speaker) Ohio. '29. Horton, Horace S. Hanging Bridge in the Royal Gorge. Grand Canon of the Arkansas River, Colo., on the line of the Denver, and Rio Grande, R. R., Constructed by Col. W. H. Greenwood,' 52, Chief Engineer. STATE POSITIONS HELD BY THE ALUMNI. 341 Oregon. '47. Parker, Walter W. South Carolina. '26. Adams, James H. •26. Edings, William '26. PhilUps, Philip '26. Porcher, Frederick A. '26. Porcher, Thomas W. '27. Sinkler, James Vermont. '79. Batchelder, Archie M. '25. Baxter, Carlos '39. Baxter, Heury '91. Cady, Hebcr C. '46. Cobb, Nathan B. '23. Carpenter, William '52. Currier.lSamuel H. '39. Cushman, Isaac N. '66. Denison, Joseph D. '65. Dewey, John J. '69. Dole, Charles '64. Estev, Julius J. '51. Fletcher, Albert A. '24. Fletcher, Ryland '38. Frary, Solon F. •55. French, George B. '32. Harrington, Caleb B. '42. Hunt, Roswell '69. Hunt, WiUiam H. '24. Lemmex, WilUam H. '32. Lewis, Wilham E. '23. Lyman, George '93. Mattison, Hiram N. '58. Messenger, George '51. Morris, Ephraim •38. Partridge, Lewis S. '59. Parker, Charles E. '55. Peake, Willis R. '48. RejTiolds, Asa '59. Rolfe, John M. '28. Sanford, Milliam R. '59. Seaver, Thomas O. '39. Shattuck, Lemuel •81. Smith, Marshall D. •82. Steele, Fred E. •03. Stocker, Marshall M. '25. Webber, Sumner A. '41. Warren, Stephen N. Virginia. •28. Syme, William •47. Tucker, George '40. Wheeler, Simeon Wisconsin, '41. Bovay, Alvin E. •54. Bryant, George E. •50 Dana, Stillman E. '39. Davis, Mitchell M. '52. Emery, Harvey W. '30. Hull, William (Speaker) •93. Hurlbut, Wilbur E. •45. Noyes, David K. '45. Sessions, Milan H. '43. Stebbins, Harrison '28. Sterling, Theodore B. GOVERNOR'S COUNCIL, N. H. WiUiam E. Tuthcrly, '45, N. IL CLERKS OF HOUSES OF REPRE- SENTATIVES. Henry O. Kent, '54, N. H. Charles A. Plumley, '96, Vt. DELEGATES, STATE CONSTITU- TIONAL CONVENTIONS. '47. Breaux, Gustave A., La. '24. Carpenter, AVilliam, Vt. '26. Crowninshield, Francis B., Mass. '28. Drake, Charles D., Mo. '24. Fletcher, Ryland, Vt.' '50. HoUey, HenryjW., Minn. '29. Horton, Valentine B.. Ohio '32. Kidder, Jefferson P., Vt. '39. Lyon, Caleb, Cal. (Sec.) '39. Marvin, Asa C, Mo. '43. Milroy, Robert H.,Ind '24. Minot, George, N. H. '28. PhiUips, PhiUp, Ala & b. C. '29. Reid, DavidjS., N. C. •28. Ruthford, Adolphus, N. C. '77. Spalding, Burleigh F., N. D '37. Whipple, Thom;is J., N. H. SECRETARY OF STATE. Ephraim Flint, '41, Me. Samuel H. Cross, '59, R. I. STATE TREASURERS. AndrewJJ. Dom, '41, Tex. Henry M. Phillips, '64, M;is3. STATE AUDITOR. Samuel H. Cross, '59, R. I. COMPTROLLERS OF STATES. Gideon Welles, '26, Conn. Wilham F. Collins, '28, N. C. SECRETARY CIVIL AND MILI- TARY AFFAIRS. .Joseph H. Goulding, '65, Vt. Joseph D. Denison, '66, Vt. RAILROAD COMMISSIONERS. Gilbert W. Colby, '48, Cal. Granville P. Conn, '54, N. H. Charles Batchelder, '00, Vt. (Sec.) BANK COMMISSIONERS. Edward A. Phelps, '27, Conn. BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. Charles Rich, '25, Mich. Henry W. Cushman, '25., JIass. George E, Bryant, '54, Wis. STATE LAND BOARD. UTAH. Wesley K. Walton, '67, Secretary. STATE FISH COMMISSIONERS. Henry H. Gary, '43, Ga. SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC PROPERTY. WISCONSIN. George E. Br>-ant, '54 STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. GranviUe P. Conn., '54, N. H. (Chair- man) Fred R. Belknap, •SS, Mich. Guy G. Russell, '06, Mass., (Chemist) COMMISSIONERS OF HEALTH. Samuel H. Cross, '59, R. I. UNITED STATES FAIR COM- MISSIONERS. William W. H. Davis, '42, Paris Ex- position, 1878 Edmund Rice, '60, Marshal Louisiana Purch.ase 1904. James V. Sweester, '55, World's Fair 1893. Wesley K. Walton, '68, Lewis & Clarke 1905; Ter-centennlal 1907. 342 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. WARDEN STATE PRISON. Leonard R. Welles, '26, Coun. STATE AGENT, CARE OF WOUND- ED SOLDIERS. LukeE. Miller, '41, Minn. STATE STATISTICIAN, MASSA- CHUSETTS. Frank S. Drown, '03 COUNTY CLERKS. '39. Cushman, Isaac N., Orleans Co. Vt. '55. French, George^B., Windsor Co. Vt. '26. Green, Coggswell K., Berrien Co. Mich. '25. Rich, Charles, Lapeer Co., Mich. '52. yimonds, Samuel C, St. Croix Co. Wis. '41. Snow, Asa H., Richland Co., N. D. COUNTY TREASURERS. '25. Baker, Jonathan, Sullivan Co. N. H. '55. Buell, Bela S., Lake Co., Colo. '52. Burge, Royal L., Henry Co., Mo. '61. Chandler, Edward A., Redwood Co., Minn. '58. Childs, Jonathan W., Alachua Co., Fla. '39. Cushman, Isaac N., Orleans Co., Vt. '38. Dow, Simon C, Waupaca Co., Wis. '45. Dow, Roswell, De Kalb Co., 111. '28. London, Henry A., Chatham Co. N. C. '93. Mattison, Hiram N., Orange Co., Vt. '45. MUroy, John B., Carroll Co., Ind. '38. Young, Nathan S., Batavia Co., 111. REGISTER OF DEEDS. '27. Blois, John T., W.ayne Co., Mich. '32. Flint, Martin M., Wis. .'50. May, Calvin, Cheshire Co., N. H. '25. Rich, Charles, Lapeer Co., Mich. COUNTY COMMISSIONERS. '24. Hathaway, Guilford H., Bristol Co., Mass. '40. Hurlbut, Lucius,Chautauqua Co., N.Y. '48. Gray, Chauncey, Washington Co., Wis. '43. Stebbins, Harrison, Rock Co., Wis. '45. Tutherly, William E., Sulhvan Co., N. H. SHERIFFS AND POLICEMEN. '26. Demming, Miner It., Hancock Co., lU. '90. Henry, Charles C, Worcester, Mass. '76. Jewell, Eben B., Dowagiac, Mich. '40. Knight, Sumner, Cheshire Co., N. H. '95. Moseley, Harry C, Washington Co., Vt. '54. Munson, William D., Chittenden Co., Vt. '45. Newman, WilUam A., Chief Capitol pohce Washington, D. C 1864-67. '43. Post, Frederick S., San Francisco, Cal. '26. Rutherford, Adolphus, Baldwin Co., Ga. '64. Shattuck, Abbott A., Colfax Co., Miss. '91. Sprague, William H., Orange Co. Vt. MAYORS. '73. Daniell, Harry W., Franklin' N. H. '37. Gilson, George W., Peru, 111. '25. Hatch, Joseph D., Burhngton, Vt. '63. Hayes, William B., Pittsburg, Pa. '29. Horton, Horace S., Pomeroy, Ohio '56. Kingsley, Levi G., Rutland, Vt. '25. Johnson, Edwin F., Middletown, Conn. "25. Means, Robert, Sioux City, Iowa '26. Miles, Smith M., MarysviDe, Cal. '25. Moore, Samuel, Michigan City, Ind. '84. Parker, Fred S., Superior, Wis. '47. Parker, Wilder W., Astoria, Ore. '64. Phillips, Henry M., Springfield, Mass '28. Seymour, Horatio, Utica, N. Y. '59. Sargent, Harlan P., Brewer, Me. '24. Van Ness, James, San Francisco, Cal. (First) '41. White, Thomas W., San Jose, Cal.. (First) ALDERMEN. '46. Barron, Horace E., Faribault, Minn. '25. Brooks, William G., Boston, Mass. '54. Bryant, George E., Madison, Wis. '53. Crocker, Charles T., Fitchburg, Mass. '50. Dana, Stillman E., Portage, Wis. '67. Davidson, Harlan P., Highland Park, 111 '25. Dorr, Ralph S., San Francisco Cal. '87. Field, Wesley O., Concord, N. H '25. Hatch, Joseph D., Burlins^ton, Vt. '24. Hathaway, Guilford H., Fall River, Mass. '64. Hazelton, Walter S., Elkhart, Ind. '55. Lord, Charles V., Bangor, Me. '25. Lord, Nathaniel, Bangor, Me. '64. McCulloch, Frederick H., Fort Wayne, Ind. '24. Minot, George, Concord, N. H. '64. Morey, Arthur P., SedaUa, Mo. '66. Needham, William C. H., Galli- polis, Ohio '26. Noble, WiUiam H., Bridgeport, Conn. •80. Parker Frank H., Burlington, Vt. '47. Parker, Walter W., San Francisco Cal. and Astoria, Ore. '64. Phillips, Henry M., Springfield, M&ss 66. Tibbetts, Charles F., Augusta, Me. '95. Thomas, Fred B., Montpelier, Vt. '78. Sherman, Henry L., Lawrence, Mass. '66. Small, Reuel, Deering, Me. '25. Varnum, Phineas F., Portland, Me. CHEMIS rs, DRUGGISTS AND PHYSICIANS. 343 TOWN CLERKS. '28. Ames, Austin D., Montpclier, Vt. '59. Cross, Samuel H., Westerly, H. I. '82. Hobbs, George T., Uxbriclge, Mass. '54. Kent, Henry O., Lancaster, N. H '5S. Messenger, George, Norwich, Vt. '61. Sleeoer, Van B., Lowell, Mass. (Treasurer) '41. Snow, Gustavus, Holyoke, Mass. CHEMISTS, DRUGGISTS, AND CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGI- CAL COMPANIES. Fifty of the alunini and past cadets have followed the profes- sion of chemists and druggists. Several of the cadets have engaged in the oil business. George H. Bissell, '38, William H. H. Hall, '47, and Charles F. Tillinghast, '64, were extensive owners of oil wells in Pennsylvania. Hartop P. Thomas, '54, was heavily interested in wells in Canada. William H. Johnson, '65, is an extensive ()]:»erator of wells in Oklahoma, and H. I. Bettis, '85, in Mexico. I^tlward I). Adams, '64, is serving as director of the Union Petroleum Co. American Cotton Oil Trust. Edwurd D. Adams, '84, Director. Casein Company of America. Henry V. Dunham, '97, General Mana- ger. Hezekiah K. Brooks, '99, Assistant Chemist. Richard F. Barker, '03, Superintendent. Chilton Paint Co. AValdo P. Clement, '72, President. N. K. Fairbanks Co. Edward D. Adams, '64, President and Director. Merrimac Chemical Co. Robert B. Eaton, '41, Superintendent. National Lead Co. Charles B. Field, '74, Assistant Manager, Tampico Petroleum Co. (Mexico) Horace I. Bettis, '85, Director and Secretary. Tartar Chemical Co. Edward McC. Peters, Superintendent. Union Petroleum Co. Edward D. Adams, '64, Director. '05. Brennan, Vincent J. '25. '99. Brooks, Hezekiah K. '57. '02. Chase, Henry A. '06. '07. Dunham, Henry V. '92. CHEMISTS. Hayes, Augustus A. Hayes, Samuel D Hovey, Bradford P. Lawrence, Irving A. '09. Lord, Harold M. '04. McGreen, Joseph E. '04. RusseU, Guy G. '97 Walker, Charles E. '93. •96. '96. '96. '99. '47. '97. '90. '96. Andrews, George L. Baker, Roy D. Brooks, Charles H. Brooks, Wilham G. Bumham, George C. Chase, Francis Clogston, William E. Dane, Homer J. Emery, AVilliam D. DRUGGISTS. '68. ^ Gilbert, Nathan A. '93. '93. Harwood, George L. '77. '72, Kimball, Francis Z. '89. '94. Morrill, Charles O. '56. '90. Mower, Ira R. '47.- '86. Mussleman, Frank L '99. '71. Owen, William G. '03. '80. Parker, Frank H. '28. '42. Partridge, Henry L. Pease, Orin L. Stephens, Robert M. Terrill, Willis E. Tuttle, Albert C. Tucker, George Allen, Leon B. -Anderson, William N. Armstead, William A. PHYSICIANS. One hundred and twent}^ of the alumni and i)ast cadets have followed the profession of medicine. Over twenty were surgeons in the army and navy and in the Civil War. Oilman KimbaU^ '23, became distinguished as a professor and lecturer in Medical 344 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. Colleges. Edward E. Phelps, '24, was for many years professor in the Dartmouth Medical college. John D. Russ, '24, became prominent in his service as surgeon of the Grecian army, during 1827-30, in the war with Turkey. He was one of the first in the country to give attention to the education of the blind, serving as the first president of the New York Institution for the Blind. Thomas G. Lee, '25, became a prominent alienist, serving as super- intendent of the McLean Asylum fcr the Insane at Charlestown, Mass. Henry F. Leib, '29, a prominent physician in Philadel- phia, was distinguished for his service during the prevalence of cholera in Chester, Pa., of which disease he died. Mitchell M. Davis, '39, was a prominent physician in Wiscon- sin; Henry Clark, '42, lost his life in caring for the sick in Lawrence, Kan., during the epidemic of cholera in that city in 1855. George C. Jarvis, '52, became one of the most prominent surgeons of the country, being one of the first to successfully operate for appendi- citis. J. Q. A. McCollister, '53, a prominent surgeon during the Civil War, is now one of the most successful physicians of Waltham, Mass. Granville P. Conn, '54, is one of the most successful physi- cians in New Hampshire and has served for many years as a pro- fessor at the Dartmouth Medical College. Henry A. Robbins, '50, is a distinguished physician and professor in Washington, D. C. Theodore H. Kellogg, '62, is one of the best known alienists in this country, having served as superintendent of various hospitals for the insane in New York. He is now conducting a sanitarium at Riverdale, N. Y. John W. Parsons, '63, is a successful physician at Portsmouth, N. H. ; Clarence W. Tolles, '65, is a prosperous physician at Claremont, N. H., and has served for several years as surgeon of the Claremont Cottage Hospital. W. E. C. Needham, '66, was for many years a prominent physician at Gallipolis, Ohio, performing conspicuous service in caring for the passengers and crew of the steamer John Porter, who were stricken with yellow fever near that city. Ed- ward W. Sawyer, '68, gained distinction in the profession in Chicago, 111., serving for several years as lecturer at the Rush Medical college. He was also the inventor of many medical instruments. Waldo H. Richardson, '76, and R. L. Irish, '89, are prominent physicians in New York City. Fred E. Steele, '82, has met with marked success in the profession and has served for some time as chairman of the state board of supervisors for the insane. Fred R. Belknap, '85, has gained prominence in the profession in Michigan 346 NORWICH UNIVERSITY, serving for some time on the state board of health. Myron R. Chandler, '85, is the city physician of Barre, Vt. Erasmus A. Pond, '92, has gained prominence as a surgeon in the Philippine Islands. Benjamin W. Gleason, '92, is a prominent physician in Athol, Mass. Joseph H. Ladd, '98, is the superintendent of the Rhode Island School for the Feeble Minded. PHYSICIANS. '39. Baxter, Henry '56. Baxter, Jedediah H. '96. Beauclerc, WilliamiP. '85. Belknap, Fred R. '64. Buell, James W. '47. Buswell, Albert '64. Call, Norman '64. Cargill, Charles G. '43. Cary, Henry H. '85. Chandler, Myron L. '26. Chase, Alexander K. '42. Clark, Hiram '48. Comings, David L. M- '58. Congdon, MartinV. B. '54. Conn. Granville P. '39. Couch, Hiram M. '07. Cray, Eugene J. '52. Currier, Samuel H. '39. Davis, Mitchell M. '25. Denison, Joseph A. '26. De Wolf, John J. '48. Drew, Frederick P. '07. Eastman, Ohver N. '91. Eaton, Francis A. '82. Emerson, Charles L. '54. Ensign, William H. '00. Field, Everett H. '69. Foster, Edwy '26. Fox, William C. '24. Gallup, George G. '67. Gilman, Benjamin B. '92. Gleason, Benjamin W. '79. Gorton, Eliot '24. Gourdin, WilUam D. '49. Granger, Lyman C. '53. Greeley, George P. '69. Hathaway, Clarence I. '26. Heriot, George '40. Hewitt, Sylvester M. '65. Hill, Augustus V. '27. Hill, John H. '46. '05. Holland, Daniel O. '24. '99. Hurlbut, Chester J. '24. '27. Hyde, William '46. '89. Irish, Robert L. '92. '52. Jarvis, George C. '28. '42, Jennison, John F. '87. '90. Judkins, John H. '25. '62. Kellogg, Theodore H. '76. '25. Kennedy, Andrew E. '48. '60. Kilburn, Byron H. '60. '23. Kimball, Gilman '24. '51. Kingsbury, Charles F. '68. '98. Ladd, Joseph H. U. '68. '78. Lambert, Thomas S. '91. '25. Lee, Thomas G. '60. '66. Lefavor, Wilton F. '27. •28. Lelb, George C. '38. '28. Leib, Henrj- F. '59. '38. Lewis, Charles D. '82. '50. Lincoln, Francis M. '05. '95. McAllister, Sheridan '41. '53. McCoUister, John Q. A '23. '28. McDermott, Charles '96. McCarty, Edward M. '65. '69. Marble, Henry '38. '24. Marsh, Joseph '37. '39. Marsh, Samuel '28. '41. Miller, Luke E. '26. '28. Morton, Robert '64. '01. Mullin, Norbert V. '23. '47. Murphy, James G. '65. '66. Needham.WilliamC.H. '26. '39. Nichols, Samuel '99. '26. North, Richard L. '47. '64. Ordway, Leonard S. '42. '47. Parker, James G. '94. '63. Parsons, John W. '78. '64. Peck, John H. '29. '02. Peck, Martin W. DENTISTS. Perkins, Marshall Phelps, Edward A. Phelps, Edward-E. Pierce, John S. "" j Pond, Erasmus A. Porcher, Thomas W. Ranney, Archie J. Rhodes, John Richardson, Waldo H . Richmond, Joseph S. Robbins, Henry A. Russ, John E. D. Sabine, George K. Sawyer, Edward W. Sleeper, George E. Smith, Sumner T. Southmayd, Samuel G Stebbins, Edward S. Stedman, Joseph Steele, Fred E. Steele, Fred E., Jr. Stevens, Justin E. Stockbridge, Tristram G. Stoddard, Samuel F. Stone, John Streeter, Joseph H. Strudwick, William F. Sullivan, James S. Sumner, James B. Thorp, John G. Tolles, Clarence W. Waring, Morton Webster, Frederick A. Whipple, Solomon M. AMiitcomb, Henry H. Wliiteside, George, D. Woodward, Julius H. Wright, David M. DENTISTS. Twenty-one of the alumni have followed the profession of dentistry: '00. '87. 'S3. '91. '66. '32. '99. Allen, Burf^F. '78. Austin, Charles E. '88. Blanchard, Edwin O. '01. Chadwick, Homer R. '52. Clark, Charles S. '59. Denison, Henry C. '93. Dole, Frank D. '24. Douglass, BenjaminH. '95. Elhs, Peari L. '07. Fhnt, William H. '48. Ford, Charles J. '01. Foster, Edwy '89. Gaynor, Eben W. '50. Greenwood, Edwin L. '48. Huntley, Walter G. Knight, Leroy E. Nichols, Stephen H. Patterson, Albert C. Shaw, Aurin R. Shepard, George S. AVeston, Edmund Civil Engineering Work. More of the graduates and past cadets (549) have followed the profession of Civil Engineering, than any other line of work. The life of an engineer is one full of dangers and privations, and the military education received at the University has trained the men CIVIL ENGINEERING WORK OF THE ALUMNI. 347 to become self-reliant and able to cope with adverse circumstances. The habits of precision, promptness, and the loillinyness to obey orders have made the Norwich graduates marked men. Norwich graduates were largely pioneers in early railway construction work in this country. This branch of engineering has especially attracted the men, no doubt, owing to the greater advantages offered for active administrative work. The graduates of the University have become eminent as railroad builders not only in this country, but also in Europe, Canada, Mexico, Central and South America, Cuba, the Philippine Islands, and in China. The first steam railroad in this country, the Pottsville and Danville R. R., in Penns3dvania, was built by Moncure Robinson, '24. Edwin F. Johnson, '25, became one of the distinguished engi- neers of this country. He was the first, in 1825, to advocate the building of a railroad across the continent. He wrote extensively on the subject and it was due largely to his writings that the idea became popular. He was the chief engineer of many thousands of miles of railroad; his crowning achievement was the building of the Northern Pacific R. R. Joseph D. Allen, '25, made the first sur- veys, in 1836, for a railroad entering New York City. He was chief engineer on many important works, and was one of the first engineers to advocate the establishing of the present standard guage track. William Parker, '25, was another distinguished engineer. He was for several years superintendent of the Panama R. R., with his cadet associate, George I\I. Totten, '27. Hiram P. Wood- worth, '25, was the chief engineer for the Illinois Internal Im- provement Commission and William R. Lee, '25, was the chief engineer of the Boston and Providence and other railroads in New England. William P. Parrott, '25, was chief engineer on several railroads in New England, and one of the founders of the Boston Society of Civil Engineers. George M. Totten, '27, gained a high I'ank in his profession. He was chief engineer of many railroads in this country, but his crowning achievement was the construction of the Panama R. R., under almost tmsurmountable difficulties. Henry J. Ranney, '28, was chief engineer of the Lexington & Ohio R. R., the first steam railroad west of the Allegheny Mountains. He was also chief engineer of several railroads in Louisiana. William Bradford Gilbert, '28, was chief engineer of several thousand miles of railroads in the Eastern states and the Middle West, and William S. Campbell, '28, was a prominent railroad engineer in Louisiana. Alfred W. Craven, '25, was chief engineer 348 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. of several railroads and was one of the founders of the American Society of Civil Engineers. H. V. Morris, '36, Benjamin F. Marsh, '36, and John H. Sargent, '38, were prominent engineers of many of the roads of the Middle West; Franklin Wright, '34, was chief engineer of many of the railroads in Pennsylvania and the South and Robert Frazer, '36, was a consulting engineer in Philadelphia, serving for several years as president of the Wilmington & Reading R. R. Frederick W. Lander, '41, was chief engineer of several rail- roads in New England and the Middle West and Asa Howe, '42, was prominent in railroad work in Vermont, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin. Charles E. Denison, '45, and Edmund B. Kellogg, '45, were chief engineers of roads in Illinois. Edwin McNeill, '45, gained distinction in the profession. His most important work was the construction of the Dela- ware, Lackawanna & Western R. R., through the Delaware Water Gap, one of the most difficult pieces of engineering work in the East. Simon M. Preston, '45, was the chief engineer of several roads in Louisiana and Iowa; Napoleon Boardman, '47, was chief engineer of many hundred miles of road in Wisconsin and Michigan Francis Chase, '47, was engineer on several roads in Ohio, Illinois and Michigan and Newell Gleason, '49, on several railroads in Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Iowa. H. W. Holley, '50, was chief engineer of the Southern Minne- sota R. R.; Joseph E. Young, '50, was chief engineer and promoter of several of the railroads in the Middle West, and is now a con- sulting engineer in Chicago, 111. Richard S. Little, '50, was a promi- nent engineer on railways in Illinois and Wisconsin and J. B. T. Mead, '51, was chief engineer on roads in Indiana and Illinois. Grenville M. Dodge, '51, is one of the most prominent railroad engineers of this country. He conducted the first railway survey across the State of Iowa, but his greatest achievement was the construction of the Union Pacific R. R., from Council Bluffs, Iowa to Promontory Point, Utah. In the prosecution of this work he conducted many thousand miles of reconnoissance surveys. He has, as chief engineer, constructed over 20,000 miles of railroad, and has made over 100,000 miles of reconnoisance surveys. William H. Greenwood, '52, also became a distinguished engineer, constructing over 4,000 miles of road. His most noted work was the construction of the Denver & Rio Grande R. R., through the Royal Gorge in Colorado, and the construction of the famous "swing bridge" on this road. Leonard J. Wright, '52, CIVIL ENGINEERING WORK OF THE ALUMNI. 349 was engineer on several railroads in New England and in Pennsyl- vania, and Benjamin F. George, '53, of Bennington, N. H., was an engineer on several of the roads in the Middle West and in New England. Walter Aiken, '53, was engineer in charge of the con- struction of the road on Mt. Washington, in New Hampshire. This was the first road of the kind built in the world. Sewall Truax, '53, was chief engineer of the Walla Walla & Columbia River R. R., the first road constructed in Washington. James E. Ainsworth gained distinction as an engineer, having constructed over 2000 miles of road. Holland Wheeler, '59, a prominent engineer at Lawrence, Kan., was chief engineer on several of the roads in Kansas and Nebraska. Charles T. Walcott, '59, of Green- field, Mass., was an engineer on several of the railroads in New England, and George V. Boutelle, '59, became a prominent engi- neer on railroad work in Illinois. Nicholas Tanco, '62, was a prominent engineer on railroads in Cuba, Central and South America, and Lloyd B. Fuller, '64, of Chicago, 111., has been the chief engineer of several railroads in Illinois, Indiana and Missouri. " Horace C. Henry, '64, is one of the best known railroad contractors in this country, having built several thousands of miles of road for the Great Northern, Northern Pacific, " Soo' ' System, and the Chicago, Milwaukee, and St. Paul Railroads. Nathaniel W. Ellis, '68, was an able assistant to General ]\Ieigs, on the construction of a railroad from Arequipa to Puno in Peru. William H. Wentworth, '68, was engineer on several of the railroads in Louisiana and Texas. He has the dis- tinction of running the longest tangent in America — 150 miles — from the Mississippi river to Houston, Texas. He became one of the best known engineers in Mexico. Charles G. Griffith, '72, of New York City, was a prominent engineer on railroads in Mon- tana and Colorado. Frank W. Conn, '81, had charge of extensive railroad work in Mexico, Central and South America, and Charles W. Mead, '81, became a prominent engineer on railroads in the Philippine Islands and China. H. I. Bettis, '85, is a well known railroad man at Los Angeles, Cal. Charles E. Collins, '90, was engaged for some time in railroad work in Chile. R. H. Ford, '92, is the first assistant engineer on the Missouri Pacific R. R. Frank W. Denison, '98, is the first assistant engineer of the Central Vermont R. R. Charles H. Eaton, '99, has engaged in railroad work in Chile and Peru and now has charge of construction work in Brazil. Carroll J. Scribner, '96, William Driscoll/00, Frank Strong '02, H. M. Hobson, '02, Fritz L. Metzger, '03, and H. R. Dillingham, 350 NORWICH UNIVERSITY, '04, are gaining deserved recognition as railroad engineers. Sev- eral of the cadets became prominent on street railway construc- tion. John P. Gould, '49, and Brownell Granger, '56, were chief engineers on the construction of the first horse railways in Boston. Charles J. Luck, '76, had charge of the construction of the first cable car system in Chicago. H. C. Bancroft, '56, was president of the Crosstown Street Railway in Colunil^us, Ohio, and Elias B. Hart, '57, was the vice-pi esident of the Central Crosstown lines in New York. RAILROADS ON WHICH GRADUATES AND PAST CADETS OF NORWICH UNIVERSITY HAVE SERVED, WITH POSITIONS HELD. Abilene & Southern. Grcnville, M. Dodge, '51, Vicc-Pres. Adirondack. Henry Harding, '54, Asst. Eug. Albany & Northern. Joseph D. Allen, '25, Ch. Eng. Albany & Susquehanna. Moses Lane, '41, Res. Eng. Allegheny Portage. Moncure Robinson, '24, Ch. Eng. Allegheny Valley. Franklin Wright, '34, Ch. Eng. Joseph E. Young, '50, Transitman. American Central. William H. Greenwood, '52, Asst. Eng. Arequipa & Puno, Peru, S. A. Nathaniel W. Ellis, '68, Div. Etig. Atlantic, Birmingham & Atlantic. Carl D. Hazen, '01, Asst. Eng. Atlantic & St. Lawrence. Asa W. H. Clapp, '23, Director. Auburn & Syracuse. Edwin F. Johnson, '25, Ch. Eng. Baltimore & Ohio. William Parker, '25, Supt. Henrv J. Ranney, '28, Asst. Eng. John'H. Vance ,'28, Asst. Eng. Adelbert A. Hutchinson, '02, Asst. Eng. Willard L. Fuller, '02, Asst. Eng. Bangor & Oldtown. (Maine) John A. Veazie, '57, Asst. Eng. Barre, (Vt.) Asa Howe, '43, Res. Eng. Bedford, Bloomfield, Switz City & Effingham. (111.) Alonzo F. Estabrook, '36, Ch. Eng. Bethel. (Vt.) Robert H. Ford, '92, Ch. Eng. Frank W. Denison, '98, Asst. Eng. Guy H. Watson, '02, Res. Eng. Big Four. Willard L. Fuller, '02, Inst. Man. Boston & Albany. Sanders Irving, '27, Asst. Eng. Charles T. Walcott, '58, Asst. Eng. Horace W. Eddy, '67, Div. Master Mechanic. Charles E. Quimby, '91, Asst. Eng. Carl D. Hazen, '01, Asst. Eng. Leonard M. Newton, '01, Asst. Eng. Guy M. Watson, '02, Asst. Eng. Fay H. C. Graves, '07, Asst. Eng. Boston, Concord & Montreal. George Minot, '25, Treas. Charles E. Tilton, '47, Director. Boston & Lowell. William Parker, '25, Supt. Francis B. Crowninshield, '26, Pres. Benjamin F. George, '53, Ch. Eng. Richard S. Little, '50, Asst. Eng. (Nashua to Wilton in N. H.) Boston, Lowell & Nashua. Benjamin F. George, '53, Prin. Asst. Eng. Boston & Maine. William P. Parrott, '25, Ch. Eng. Charles E. Tilton, '47, Director. Charles H. Long, '55, Agent. Jacob P. Gould, '49, "Stoneham Branch" Ch. Eng. Horace I. Bettis, '85, Asst. Eng. Charles E. Quimby, '91, Asst. Eng. Charles C. J. Evans, '92, Asst. Eng. Howard C. Holden, '94, Asst. Eng. Leonard J. Parker, '98, Asst. Eng. Guy H. Watson, '02, Asst. Eng. Boston & Providence. William R. Lee, '25, Ch. Eng. and Supt. Boston Revere Beach & Lynn. Charles F. Parker, '90, Asst. Eng. Howard C. Holden, '94, Ch. of Party. Boston & Worcester. William Parker,'25, Asst. Eng. and Supt. Bowling Green & Tennessee. George B. Adams, '39, Ch.Eng. and Pres. Brinville & Eastern. Holton R.'Dillingham, '04, Asst. Eng. Bristol, (Vt.) Clarence B. Riggs, '91, Asst. Eng. Buckhannon & Northern. (W. Va.) Fritz L. Metgzer, '03, Locating Eng. Holton R. Dillingham, '04, Topographer. Buffalo & Aurora. William B. Gilbert, '28, Ch. Eng. CIVIL ENGINEERS ON RAILWAYS. 351 Burlington & Missouri. Bela S. Buell, '55. Asst. Eng. Henry A. Burt, '73, Asst. Eng."' William H. Saxc, '76, Asst. Auditor. California Southern. Frederick W. Gilbraith, '54, Contractor. Camden & Atlantic. Robert Frazor, '37, Consulting Eng. Sec. and Treas. Pres. Camden Branch. Alfred ^^'. Craven, '26, Ch. Eng. Canada & Atlantic. Frederick M. Barstow, '78, Asst. Eng. Canandaigua & Geneva. Williaui B. Gilbert, '2S, Cli. Eng. ou surveys. Canadian Pacific. Henry A. Burt, '73, Agent. Caney Valley. (Missouri Pacific.) Joseph E. Young, '50, Ch. Eng. Canojoharie & Catskill. Kdwin F. Johnson, '25, Res. Eng. Canton-Hankow. (China.) Charles A\'. Mead, 'SI, Ch. Eng. and .Supt. Canton & New Philadelphia. Joseph E. Young, '50, Construction Eng. Cayuga & Susquehanna. Edwin McXcill, '45. Asst. Eng. Cedar Falls & Minnesota. (111. Cent.J James E. Ainsworth, '53, Ch. Eng. Central Pacific. .Nathaniel W. Ellis, '68, Asst. Eng. (iilbert W. Colby, '48, Asst. Eng. Central Railway of New Jersey. Edward D. Adams, '64, Chairman, Board of directors. John R. Moore, '73, Asst. Eng. Central Military Tract.(C. B. & Q. in lU.) William H. Greenwood, '52, .\sst. Eng. Central Vermont. William R. Lee, '25, Supt. Moses Lane, '41, Div. Eng. Asa Howe, '43, Div. Eng. Charles E. Denison, '45, Draftsman. William H. Tucker, '47, Asst. Eng. Myron R. Hurlbut, '67, Asst. Paymaster William H. Hunt, '69, Paymaster. William J. Dooley, '89, Ch. Train Dispatcher. Charles K. Quimbv, '91, Asst. Eng. Robert H. Ford, '92, First Asst. Eng. DeWitt C. Webb, '92, .\sst. Eng.- Joseph H. Craigue, '92, Asst. Eng. Carroll J. .Seribner, '96, .\sst. Eng. Frank W. Denison, '98, First Asst. Eng. Arthur E. Winslow, '98, ,Vsst. Eng. Guy H. Watson, '02, A.sst. Eng. Allan R. Willi.ams, '03, Aisst. Eng. Charles F. Ciallup, '04, Asst. Eng. William S. Hutchinson, '04, Asst. JOng. John E. ( )'I)oiitH'l, 'OS, Asst. Eng. Champlain & Connecticut River. (Burlington & Rutland.) William B. Gilbert, '28, Ch. Eng. Champlain & Sanford.(New York.) Fritz L. .Mctzger, '03, -Vsst. Eng. Charleston & Nashville. William P. Paul, '43, Contractor. Cheyenne & Northern. y iGrenville M. Dodge, '51, Director. Chicago & Alton. Lloyd B. Fuller, 'G4, Asst. Eng. Chicago, Burlington & Pacific. Simon M. Preston, '45, Ch.Eng. and Supt. on Construction. Chicago & Danville. (Big Four.) Lloyd B. Fuller, '45, Ch. Eng. Chicago, Dubuque & Minnesota. James E. .A.insworth, '.53, Ch. Eng. Chicago & Great Eastern. (Pennsyl- vania.) Jo.seph E. Young, '50, organizer ia charge of construction; Vice-Pres. •and Gen. Manager. Chicago & Great Western. Horace C. Henry, '64, Contractor. Chicago, Iowa & Nebraska. I Benjamin F. George, '58, Div. Eng. Chicago, Michigan & St. Paul. Napoleon lioardman, '47, in charge of of surveys. Henry Floyd, '48, .\sst. Eng. Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul. Walter Delafield, '56, Asst. Eng. Horace C. Henry, '64, Contractor. Horace A. Clifford, '77, .\sst. Cashier. Arthur E. Burr, '06, Instru. Man. Chicago & Northwestern. Joseph D. Allen, '25, Consulting Eng. Henry V. Morris, '36, Asst. Eng. Asa Howe, '43, Div. Eng. Simon M. Preston, '45, Asst. Eng. Napoleon Boardman, '47, in charge in surveys. Grenville M. Dodge, '51, Ch. Eng. of charge of ^construction, ^Boye Valley to Council Bluffs. James E. Ainsworth, '53, Ch. Eng. Chicago, Rockland & Pacific. .Simon M. Preston, '45, .Supt. of con- struction. Chicago Terminal Transfer Co. Edward D. Adams, '04, Pros.] Chicago & Calumet. Edward D. Adams, 64, Reorg.anizer. Chile, Railways in Frank W. Conn, '81, .Asst. Eng. China, Railways in Charles W. Me.ad, '81. Ch. Eng. Chippewa Falls & Eastern Grand Trunk. Napoleon Boardman, '47, Ch. Eng. Cincinnati, Peru & Chicago. Newell Gleason, '49, Ch. Eng. Cincinnati & Western. William H. Hubbard, '52, Asst. Eng. Cleveland, Akron & Columbus. Jay Dyer, '38, Asst. Eng. Cleveland to Columbus. (1845-47j John H. Sargent, '38, Res. Eng. Cleveland & Mahoning, (Ohio.) Frederick Iviusman, '26, Director. Cleveland & Pittsburg. Henry W. Holley, '50, Asst. Eng. SERVICE OF ALUMNI WITH RAILROADS. 353 Cleveland, Pittsburg & Wheeling. William W. Chandler, '43, Gen. Frt. Agent. Colorado Central. Grenville M. Dodge, '51, Ch. Eng. 1S70. Colorado Midland. Grenville ^i. Dodge, '51, Director. Colorado & Southern. Grenville M. Dodge, '51, Chairman of Board of Directors. George C. Randall, '04, Clerk, Car Accountant's Office. Timothy J. Holland, '07, Asst. Eng. Dana H. Gilman, '06, Asst. Eng. Harry A. Peabody, '03, Instru. Man. Columbus & Indiana Central. (Pitts- burg, Chicago & St. Louis) Joseph E. Young, '50, Organizer and Vice-Pres. Columbus, Piqua & Indiana. XeweU Gleason, '47, Asst. Eng. Concord & Claremont. (N. H.) Hamilton E. Perkins, '25, Pres. Concord & Lebanon. Benjamin F. Marsh, '36, Supt of Con- struction. Connecticut & Passumpsic. Charles E. Denison, '45, Asst. Eng. AYilliam H. Tucker, '47, Asst. Eng. Connecticut River. Benjamin F. Marsh, '36 Ch. Eng. Charles T. Walcott, '5S, Asst. Eng. Connecticut River Valley. Simon M. Preston, '45, Asst. Eng. Connecticut Valley. Leonard J. Wright, '52, Asst. & Ch. Eng. Contractor. Council Bluffs & St. Louis. Henry V. Morris, '36, Asst. Eng. Crawfordsville & Fort Wayne. Henry W. Holley, '50, Asst. Eng. Cripple Creek, Short Line. Grenville M. Dodge, '51, Director. Denver, Greeley & Northwestern. George J. Spear, '73, Pres. Dubuque & Pacific. .See Dubuque & Sioux City. Dallas & Wichita. (Texas) WilUam H. Wentworth, '68, Ch. Eng. Delaware, Lackawanna & Western. Edwin McNeill, '45, Ch. Eng. Joel Amsden, '34, Res. Eng. Frank P. Amsden, '59, Asst. Eng. Denver & Gulf. Edmond H. Ryim, '92, Asst. Eng. Denver & Pacific. WiUiam H. Greenwood, '52, Con- sulting Eng. Denver & Rio Grande. AVilham H. Greenwood, '52, Gen. Manager. Charles W. Mead, '81, Locating Eng. Denver & Rio GrandeJWestern. Charles G. Griffith, '72, Locating Eng. Des Moines Northern. (Now C. M. & St. Paul.) Grenville M. Dodge, '51, Pres. Dubuque & Sioux City. (111. Central) James E. Ainsworth, '53, Res. Eng. Dubuque & Southwestern. James E. .4insworth, '53, Ch. Eng. Dubuque Western. Newell Gleason, '49, Ch. Eng. Duluth, South Shore & Atlantic. Horace C. Henry, '64, Contractor. Eagle Bridge. (N. Y.J George H. Clark, '38, .\sst. Eng. East Florida. WiUiam Parker, '25, Ch. Eng. Eastern Texas. Benjamin F. Marsh, '35, Ch. Eng. Erie. Joseph D. Allen, '25, Ch. Eng. Alfred W. Craven, '26, 1st. Asst. Eng. Sanders Irving, '28, Asst. Eng. Edwin McNeiU, '45, Asst. Eng. Willard L. Fuller, '02, Asst. Eng. Erie & Kalamazoo. Wilham B. Gilbert, '28, Ch. Eng. European & Northern. (Maine.) Harlan P. Sargent, '59, Asst. Eng. Evansville & Crawfordsville. (Ind.) Alonzo F. Estabrook, '36, Ch. Eng. Everett & Monte Cristo. (Wash.) Horace C. Henry, '64, Contractor. Fitchburg. Charles T. Crocker, '53, Dir. Thomas K. G. Wright, '56, Asst. Eng. Charles T. Walcott, 58, Rodman. Florida Central See Tallahassee & Jacksonville. Flushing & North Shore. (Long Island) Frank P. Amsden, '59, Res. Eng. Fon-du-lac & Lake Superior. (C. & N. W.) Napoleon Boardman, '47, Ch. Eng. Fort Wayne «Sb Chicago. (Pittsford, Ft. Wayne & Chicago) Joseph E. Young, '50, Construction Eng. Fort Worth & Denver City. Grenville M. Dodge, '51, Pres. of Con- struction. Dunbar R. Ransom, '51, Asst. Eng. Foxburg & Clarion. Benjamin B. Newton, '73, Construction Eng. France, Railroads in Grenville M. Dodge. '51, Consulting Eng. Fremont,Elkhorn & Missouri Valley. James E. Ainsworth, '53, Ch. Eng. Galena Union. (Illinois) Francis Chase, '47, Ch. Eng. Gaston & Raleigh. George M. Totten, '27, Ch. Eng. Georgia Central. Randolph Coyle, '28, Div. Eng. Seth B. Adams, '90, Asst. Eng. Georgia Railway Co. Benjamin F. Marsh, '36, Draftsman. Georgia, Tennessee & Illinois. Wright S. Prior, '89, Topographer. 354 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. Gilbert Elevated. ^_ All'redjW.,Cravea, '26, Ch. Eng. Oilman, Clinton & Springfield. u^Lloyd B. Fuller, 'G4, Asst. Eng. Grand Rapids & Lake Shore. ^_ Newell Gleasoii, '49, Ch. Eng. Grand River Valley. (Michigan) Newell.(Jleasoii,,'49,,Ch..Eng. Grand Trunk Pacific. Urosveuor_R. J4u(lsey, '07,^Instru. Man. Great Falls & Conway. George W. Balloch,,'47,^Gen. Frt. and U- 'I'icket Agent.j Great Northern. Horace C. Henry, '64, Contractor. ' Charles G. Grittith, '72, Asst. Eug.| Gua'^aquil & yuito. (iicuador.j Charles E. ColUns, '90, Asst. Eng. Charles H. Eaton, '99, Asst. Eng. Guatamala. Edward D. Adams, '64, Director. Guatamala Central. Frank \V. Conn, 'SI, Res. Eng. Gulf & San Antonio. WlUiam H. Greenwood, '52, Reconstruc- tions, 1865. Gulf & Ship Island. William Driscoll, 'UO, Asst. Eng. Hannibal & St. Joseph. (Mo.) Edwin B. Patten, '5S, Asst. Eng. Hartford & Erie. Leonard J. Wright, '52, Locating Eng. Hartford & New Haven. Edwin F. Johnson, '25, Ch. Eng. Havana & Renan. (Cuba) WiUiam B. Gilbert, '2S, Asst. Eng. Houston, East & West Texas. William H. Wentworth, '68, Locating Eng. Houston & Texas Central. William H. Wentworth, '68, Asst. Eng. Housatonic & Naugatuck. (Conn.) Henry Harding, '54, Asst. Eng. Hudson River. Sanders Irving, '28, Asst. Eng. Henry Harding, '54, Asst. Eng. Huntington & Broadtop. Asa Howe, '43, Ch. Eng. Illinois Central. Hiram P. Woodworth, '25, Ch. Eng. Truman B. Ransom, '25, Division Eng. Wilham B. Gilbert, '28, Division Eng. Jay Dyer, '38, Asst. Eng. Charles Slack, '38, Division Eng. Allen B. Slack, '39, Ch. Eng. Francis Chase, '47, Ch. Eng. Thomas E. G. Ransom, '51, Agent. Grenville M. Dodge, '51. Transitman Charles J. Linsley, '51, Asst. Eng. George V. Boutelle, '59, Asst. Eng. William Driscoll, '00, Asst. Eng. Harry M. Hobsou, '02, Asst. Eng. Illinois & Wisconsin. Edwin F. Johnson, '25, Ch. Eng. Indianapolis & Bellefontane. Alouzo F. Estabrook, '35, Ch. Eng. ] Indianapolis & Chicago. ._Newell Gleason, '49, Ch. Eng. Indianapolis & Vincennes. i^_^Alonzo F. Estabrook, '36, Ch. Eng. International & Great Northern. u_Grenville}M. Dodge, '51, Ch. Eng. Iowa & Lansing. NewelU Gleason, '49, Ch. Eng. on Construction. Iowa Eastern. (C. M. & St. P. ) James E. Ainsworth, '53, Ch. Eng. Iowa Falls & Sioux City. James E. Ainsworth, '53, Ch. Eng. Jeffersonville. (Indiana.) Benjamin F. Marsh, '35, Ch. Eng. Newell Gleason, '49, Asst. Eng. Kansas Central. Holland Wheeler, ,'59, Asst. Eng. Kansas City, Emporia & Southern. (Santa te System) Joseph E. Young, ' 50, Promoter. Lloyd B. Fuller, '64, Ch. Eng. Kansas City & Northern. Henry V. Morris, '36, Asst. Eng. Kansas City & Southern. Lloyd B. Fuller, '64, Ch. Eng. Kansas City, Memphis & Southern. Lloyd B. Fuller, '64, Ch. Eng. Kansas Pacific. Wilham H. Greenwood, '52, Ch. Eng. Holland Wheeler, '59, Asst. Eng. Keokuk, Des Moines & Minnesota. (Des Moines Ry.) Carleton H. Perry, '23, Promoter, Dir. and Mgr. Lackawanna & Bloomsburg. (Penn) Edwin McNeill, '45, Ch. Eng. and Pres. Charles Ensworth, '46, Asst. Eng. Lake Champlain&Connecticut River. (Rutland & Burlington) Napoleon Boardman, '47, Div. Eng. Lake Ontario Shore Line. Edwin F. Johnson, '25, Consulting Eng. Lake Shore & Michigan Southern. Curtis S. Barrett, '63, Asst. Eng. Lawrence & Nashua Street Ry. Wilham E. Lancaster, '00, Asst. Eng. Leavenworth,Lawrence & Ft.Gibson. Holland Wheeler, '59, Asst. Eng. Leavenworth, Lawrence &Galveston. John H. Osgood, '64, Asst. Eng. Lebanon Springs. (Vt. & N. Y.) Napoleon Boardman, '47, Prin. Asst. Eng. Lee & Hudson. Charles T. Walcott, '58, First Asst. Eng. Lexington & Ohio. Henry J. Ranney, '27, Ch. Eng. Little Kanawha. Fritz L. Metzger, '03, Asst. Eng. Stanley J. Parsons, '03, Asst. Eng Holton R. Dillingham, '04, Asst. Eng. Liverpool & Manchester. (England.) Moncure Robinson, '24, Consulting Eng. SERVICE OF ALUMNI WITH RAILROADS. 355 Louisville, Cincinnati & Charleston, Alfred W. Craven, '26, Div. Eng. Lyons & Iowa Central. Allen B. Slack, '3',), Ch. Eng. Macon & Brunswick. Edwin McNeill, '45, Locating Eng. Mad River Valley. Alfred W. Craven, '26, Asst. Eng. Madeira-Mamore. (Brazil) Charles H. Eaton, '99, Asst. Eng. Manchester & Keene. Benjamin F. George, '53, Ch. Eng. and Supt. Mansfield, Coldwater&Lake Michigan Newell Gleason, '49, Ch. Eng. Maple River. (Iowa) .Tames E. Ainsworth, '53, Ch. Eng. Marietta & Cincinnati. Benjamin F. George, '53, Asst. Eng. Marietta & Columbia. Charles E. Denison, '45, Asst. Eng. Marion & McPherson. (Kansas) William H. Greenwood, '52, Ch. Eng. Massachusetts Central. Charles T. Walcott, '59, Div. Eng. Maumee & Miami River. Alonzo F. Estabrook, '35, Ch. Eng. Memphis & Rio Grande. James B Smith, '37, Asst. Eng. Mexican Central. Lloyd B. Fuller, '64, Gen. Supt. Frank W. Conn, '81, Asst. Eng. Mexican National. WilUam H. Greenwood, '.52, Ch. Eng. William H. Wentworth, '68, Div. Eng. Carlton A. Rosa, '10, Instru. Man. Mexican & Southern. Granville JI. Dodge, '51, in charge of surveys. Mexican & Pacific. Grenville M. Dodge, '51, Vice-Pres. and Ch. Eng. Michigan Air Line. Joseph E. Young, '50, Promoter and Manager. Napoleon Boardman, '47, Ch. Eng. Michigan Central. Henry Floyd, '48, Asst. Eng. Frederick M. Barstow, '78, Asst. Eng. Michigan, Southern & Northern. Ind. John H. Sargent, 39,' Div. Eng. Milwaukee & Fon-du-lac. Richard S. Little, '50, Asst. Eng. Milwaukee & La Crosse. Napoleon Boardman, '47, Ch. Eng. Albert C. Tuttle, '56, Asst. Eng. Benjamin M. Gilman, '57, Asst. Eng. Milwaukee, Lake Shore & Western. Horace C. Henry, '64, Contractor. Milwaukee & Mississippi. Richard S. Little, '50, Locating Eng. Milwaukee & Northern. Charles S. Denison, '69, A.sst. Eng. Milwaukee & Watertown. (Columbus to Portage, Wis.) William B. Gilbert, '28, Ch. Eng. Richard S. Little, '50, Locating Eng. Mine Hill Navigation & Railway Co. Alfred W. Craven, '26, Ch. Eng. Mineral Railway. (Mexico) William H. Wentworth, '68, Ch. Eng. Minneapolis & St. Cloud. William W. Howard, '05, Land Agent. Minneapolis & St. Louis. Horace C. Henry, '64, Contractor. Minneapolis, St. Paul & Sault Ste. Marie. Horace C. Henry, '64, Contractor. Mississippi & Missouri. Grenville M. Dodge, '51, Prin.ALSst. Eng., Chief of party. Minnesota Valley. Benjamin JL Gilman, '57, Asst. Eng. Missisquoi Valley. (Vt.) William B. Gilbert, '28, Ch. Eng. Missouri, Kansas & Texas. Grenville M. Dodge, '51, Ch. Eng. of construction in Texas and Pres. Royal L. Burge, '52, Dir. Atty. and Treas. Horace C. Henry, '64, Contractor. Missouri Pacific. Grenville M.Dodge, '51, in charge of con- struction of Texas line. Edward D. Adams, '64. Dir. Robert H. Ford, '92. Prin. Asst. Eng. Charles S. Carlton, '96, Asst. Eng. Carroll J. Scribner, '96, .A_sst. Eng. Harry M. Hobson, '02, Roadmaster. Guy H. Watson, '02, Asst. Eng. Ernest S. Ball, "03, Asst. Eng. .John H. Bvrd, ' '03. Asst. Eng. Charles F. Gallup, '04, Asst. Eng. Clarence R. Andrew, '06, Asst. Eng. Roy M. Batchelder, '07, Asst. Eng. Leroy H. Davis, '07, Asst. Eng. Charles D. Frink, '07, Asst. Eng. Marshall J. Noyes, '07, Asst. Eng. Harry C. Pratt, '07, Asst. Eng. Phillip V. Sherman, '07, Roadmaster. Robert P. Watson, '07, Asst. Eng. .T. Irving Chase, 'OS. Asst. Eng. Raymond V. Root, '08, Asst. Eng. Ernest C. WTiite, '08, Asst. Eng. Mobile & Ohio. Gren\ille JL Dodge, *51, In charge of re- construction, 1862. Mohawk & Hudson. Alfred W. Craven, '26, Ch. Eng. William B. Gilbert, '28, Asst. Eng. Montana Central. Charles G. Griffith, '72, Division Eng. Monterey & Mexican Gulf. William H. Wentworth, '68, Ch. Eng. Montpelier & South Royalton, via Williamstown. Phil S. Randall, '86, Asst. Eng. Montpelier & Wells River. Asa Howe, '43, Resident Eng. Frank W. Conn, '81, Asst. Eng. Morris & Essex. Frank P. Amsden, '59, Res. Eng. Mt. Desert. (Maine) Harry D. Stewart, '84, Agent. 356 NORAVICH UNIVERSITY. Mt. Washington Ry. (N. H.) Walter Aiken, '53, Ch. Eng. and Mgr. Nashville & Decatur. Granville M. Dodge, '51, Reconstruction in 1863. Natchez, Jackson & Columbia. Simon M. Preston, '45, Ch. Eng. New Jersey Central. Edwin McNeill, '45, Asst. Eng. New Jersey Junction. Edward D. Adams, '64, Organizer. New Orleans & Jackson R. R. William S. Campbell, '28, Ch. Eng. New Orleans, Jackson &Great North- ern. (III. Central.) Henry J. Ranney, '28, Ch. Eng. and Pres. New Orleans & Lafayette R. R. George Merrick, '28, Asst. Eng. New Orleans, Mobile & Chattanooga. (Mississippi River to Houston,Tex.) William H. Wentworth, '68, Locating Eng. New Orleans & Nashville. Henry J. Ranney, '28, Ch. Eng. New Orleans & Pacific. (Texas Pacific.) Grenville M. Dodge, '51, Pres., Director and in charge of construction. New York & Albany. Edwin F. Johnson, '25, Ch. Eng. New York & Boston Air Line. Edwin F. Johnson, '25, Ch. Eng. New York Central. William B. Gilbert, '28, Ch. Eng. Sanders Irving, '29, Asst. Eng. Alonzo F. Estabrook, '35, Asst. Eng. Jacob Gould, '49, Ch. Eng. Henry B. Douglass, '70, Insp. coal mine. Berton W. Famham. '91, Res. Eng. Leonard J. Parker, '98, Asst. Eng. Harold S. Richmond, '00, Asst. Eng. Carl B. Hazen, '01, Asst. Eng. .Tohn T. Powers, '03, Inst. Man. Holton R. Dillingham, '04, Asst. Eng. New York & East Erie. Edwin F. Johnson, '25, Ch. Eng. New York & Harlem. .Joseph D. Allen, '25, Ch. Eng. WilUam B. Gilbert, '28 Asst. Eng. New York & Lake Erie. Luther Marsh, '29, Attorney New York & New England. Leonard J. Wright, '52, Div. Eng. New York, New Haven & Hartford. George W. Hobbs, '58, attorney. Charles J. C. Evans, '92, Asst. Eng. Carroll J. Scribner, ' 96, Asst. Eng. Arthur W. Hare, '02, Asst. Eng. William H. Sharp, '07, Instrument Man. Raymond V. Root, 'OS, Instrument Man. Frederic S. Stow, 'OS, Asst. Eng. New York, Ontario & Western. Edward D. Adams, '64, Reorganizer. New York & Oswego Midland R. R. William H. Wentworth, '68, Asst. Eng. New York, Providence & Boston. George W. Hobbs, '58, Attorney. Charles H. Nichols, '86, Asst. Eng. Nichols & Chisholm, Logging Road. (White Earth Rd., Indian Reser- vation, Minn) Phil S. Randall, '86, Ch. Eng. North Coast Ry. Arthur E. Burr, '06, .\sst. Eng. North Carolina, Railway Surveys in Benjamin F. Marsh, '35, Asst. Eng. Emory Bums, '55, Master Mechanic. Northern Central R. R. Leonard J. Wright, '52, Div. Eng. Northern Pacific R. R. Edwin F. Johnson, '25, Ch. Eng. Edward D. Adams, '64, Chairman, Bd. Dir. Horace C. Henry, '64, Contractor. Dudley F. Phelps, '64, Commissioner. John C. Wells, '67, Asst. Eng. WUUam H. Hunt, '69, Asst. Eng. George W. Willard, '72, Asst. Eng. Horace A. Clififord, '77, Cashier. Charles W. Mead, '81, Asst. Eng. Charles D. Frink, '07, Asst. Eng. John H. Mears, '07, Asst. Eng. Lewis G. Billings, '09, Instrument Man. Earl A. Boyce, ' 09, Instrument Man. Harold M. Brush, '09, Instrument Man. Earl S. Harbour, '09, Instrument Man. Earle C. Hayden, '09, Instrument Man. .Tohn S. Smith, '09, Instrument Man. Chester C. Thomas, '09, Instrument Man Northern Railroad (in N. H.) Benjamin M. Tyler, '23, Asst. Eng. Otis M. Marsh, '42, Asst. Eng. Hiram Clark, '42, Asst. Eng. Edmund B. Kellogg, '45, Asst. Eng. Simon M. Preston, '45, Asst. Eng. Northern Railway of Costa Rica. Clarence H. Booth, '94, Pass. Con. Ogdensburg & Lake Champlain. Edwin F. Johnson, '25, Ch. Eng. William B. Gilbert, '28. Div. Eng. Ohio Ry. John H. Sargent, '39, Asst. Eng. Ohio & Mississippi. Henry V. Morris, '36, Asst. Eng. Ohio & Western. Fritz L. Metzger, '03, Asst. Eng. Old Colony. (Mass.) Francis B. Crowninshield, '26, Pres. Charles F. Parker, '90, Asst. Eng. Oregon R. R. and Navigation Co. Charles E. Tilton, '47, Director. Timothy J. Holland, '07, .'^st. Eng. Oregon Short Line. Grenville M. Dodge, '51, Ch. Eng. in charge of surveys, 1866-69. Oriental & Pacific. (Mexico) Grenville M. Dodge, '51, Pres. in charge of construction. Laredo to City of Mexico, 1S82. Oswego & Midland, (New York) WilUam B. Gilbert, '28, Ch. Eng. Oswego & Syracuse R. R. Edwin F. Johnson, '25, Ch. Eng. Oswego & Troy R. R., Edwin F. Johnson, '25, Supt. of surveys. SERVICE OF ALUMNI WITH RAILROADS. 357 Ottawa, Oswego & Fox River. (111.) John S. Noble, '29, Asst. Eng. Panama R. R. George M. Totten, '27, Ch. Eng. William Parker, '25, Supt. Nathaniel Vamum, '29, Asst. Eng. Walter Frost, '10, Rodman Panhandle Ry. (Cincinnati) William H. Tucker, '47, Ch. Clerk. Parkersburg & Cincinnati. Henry W. Holley, '50, Asst. Eng. Passumpsic Ry. Asa Howe, '43, Ch. Eng. Edmund B. Kellogg, '45, Div. Eng. Horace E. Barron, '46, Asst. Eng. Peoria & Bureau Valley R. R. Grenville M. Dodge, '51, Chief of Party, charge of surveys. Peoria & Oquawka & Burlington. Charles E. Denison, '45, Ch. Ent^. Edmund B. Kellogg, '45, Ch. Eng. James M. Gilson, '40, Div. Eng. Edward W. Morris, '46, .\sst. Eng. Dunbar R. Ransom, '51, Asst. Eng. Peoria & Rock Island. Lloyd B. Fuller, '64, Asst. Eng. Pensacola, Alabama & Western. Harr>- M. Hobson, '02, Asst. Eng. Pennsylvania. Franklin Wright, '34, Ch. Eng. George Merrick, '27, Asst. Eng. George E. Talbot, '9S, As )t. Eng. Dean C. Carr, '01, Asst. Eng. Frank Strong, '02, Asst. Eng. Guy H. Watson, '02, Asst. Eng. Petersburg & Roanoke. Moncure Robinson, '24, Ch.'Eng. Philadelphia & Reading. Moncure Robinson, '24, Ch. Eng. Robert Frazer, '36, Div. Eng. DeWitLC.Cleaver,'46,Asst. Eng. Philippine Islands, Railways in Charles W. Mead, '81, Ch. Eng. Pittsburg, Fort Wayne & Chicago. NeweU Gleason, '49, Ch. Eng. Francis Chase, '47, Asst. Eng. Pittsfield & North Adams R. R. Charles T. Walcott, '58, Asst. Eng. Plattsburg & Whitehall R. R. WilUam H. Tucker, '47, Asst. Eng. Pittsburg & Montreal R. R. Wilham H. Tucker, '47, Asst. Eng. Pottsville & Danville Ry. (Pennsyl- vania.) (First R. R. built inU.S., 1828.) Moncure Robinson, '24, Ch. Eng. Providence & Burrilville. Herbert S. Clark, '96, Asst. Eng. Harry A. Peabody, '03, Transitman. Carlton A. Scott, '09, Asst. Eng. Pueblo & Arkansas Valley. (Rio Grande) William H. Greenwood, '52, Ch. Eng. Quakake & Catawissa. (Pennsyl- vania) Leonard J. Wright, '52, Ch. Eng. Racine & Mississippi. Benjamin F. George, '53, Res. Eng. Raleigh & Weldon. (North Carolina) George Little, '26, Contractor and Dlr. Reading R. R. Alfred W. Craven, '26, Res. Eng. Benjamin B. Newton, '73, Asst. Supt. Reading & Port Clinton. George M. Totten, '27, Ch. Eng. Richmond & Frederickburg. Jloncure Robinson, '24, Ch. Eng. Richmond & Petersburg. Moncure Robinson, '24, Ch. Eng. Rockford, Rock Island & St. Louis. Francis Chase, '47, Ch. Eng. James E. Chase, '56, Asst. Eng. Rock Island R. R. Grenville M. Dodge, '51, Asst. Eng. Rock River Valley. (Wisconsin) Edwin F. Johnson, '25, Ch. Eng. Napoleon Boardman, '47, Res. Eng. Richard S. Little, '50, Asst. Eng. Rockville & Indianapolis. Alonzo F. Estabrook, '36, Asst. Eng. Rutland Ry. Joseph D. Allen, '25, Consult. Eng. Francis Chase, '47, Asst. Eng. Joseph H Goulding, '65, Sec. Frank W. Denison, '98, Ast. Eng. Chester C. Thomas, '09, Asst. Eng. Rutland & Burlington. Edwin F. Johnson, '25, Div. Supt. of Cons. William B. Gilbert, '28, Ch. Eng. Benjamin F. Marsh, '35, Div. Supt of Cons. Truman L. Slayton, '48, Asst. Eng. Rutland-Canadian. (Vermont) Waldo P. Clement, '72, Director. Dean C. Warren, '95, Ch. of Party. William A. Ellis, '97, Asst. Eng. Frank W. Denison, '98, Asst. Eng Louis F. Chamberlin, '01, Asat. Eng. Fritz L. Metzger, '03, Draftsman. Rutland & Washington. (Vermont) Rufus L. Moses, '63, Asst. Eng. Saco Valley. (Logging Road) Clarence B. Riggs, '91, Ch. Eng. St. Croix & Lake Superior. William B. Gilbert, '26, Ch. Eng. William D. Munson, '54, Asst. Eng. St. Chillicothe & Council Bluffs. Grenville M. Dodge, '51, Ch. Eng. St. Louis & Hannibal. James E. Ainsworth, '53, Ch. Eng. St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern Wabash. Henry V. Morris, '36, Asst. Eng. St. Louis & Lexington. Henry V. Morris. '36, Res. Eng. St. Paul, Minneapolis & Manitoba. (Great Western.) WilUam W. Howard, '65, surveyor. St. Paul & Northern Pacific, Edward D. Adams, '64, Pres. San Francisco R. R. Grenville M. Dodge, '51,lRecon3. work 1861. Sanford & Indian River. (Fla.) Frederic H. Rand, '64, Gen. freight and passenger Agt. , & "^. "^ ^< ■«•' bo . .S O a \f « ta o ■o t> > vo (^ V , art cd i-t ffl ■SIF SERVICE OF ALUMNI WITH RAILROADS. 359 San Pedro, Los Angeles & Salt Lake. Grenville M. Dodge, '51, Eng. in'charge of first surveys. Horace I. Bettis, '85, Dir. and Aud. Frank Strong, '02, Res. Eng. Saratoga & Schenectady. William B. Gilbert, '26, Asst. Eng. Saratoga & Whitehall. Asa Howe, '43, Ch. Eng. Sault St, Marie (.Soo). Horace C. Henry, '64, Contractor. Schuylkill Valley. Alfred W. Craven, '26, Div. Eng. Sedalia, Warsaw & Southern (Mo.) Holland WTieeler, '59, Ch. Eng. on Con. Serro de Pasco. (Peru) Charles H. Eaton, '99, Asst. Eng. Sewanee R. R. Addison R. Baldwin, '53, Pres. Sheboygan, Fon-du-lac & Mississippi River. Napoleon Boardman, '47, Asst. Eng. Shepaug Valley (Conn.) Edwin McNeill, '45, Ch. Eng. T. K. G. Wright, '55, Asst. Eng. Silver City, Deming & Pacific. (Santa Fej Frank W. Conn, '81, Asst. Eng. Sioux City & Pacific R. R. James E. Ainsworth, '53, Ch. Eng. Solomon, Junction City&Ft.Kearney R. R. Holland Wheeler, '59, Locating and Res. Eng. South Bend & Niles. (Mich. Cent.) Joseph E. Young, '50, Prom, and Mgr. Napoleon Boardman, '47, Ch. Eng. Southbridge, Sturbridge & Brook- field. (Mass.) Percy G. Smith, '91, Asst. Eng. South Florida R. R. Frederic H. Rand, '64, Sec. Gen. Tkt. and Pass. Agent. South Manchester. Charles H. Cheney, '86, Ch. Eng. and Treas. South & Western. (Tenn ) Ludlow A. Barker, '06, Draftsman. Southern Kansas. Oscar E. Leamard, '55, Supt. Southern Minnesota. Henry W. Holley,'50, Ch. Eng., Gen'l. Mgr. Southern Pacific. Allen B. Slack, '39, Asst. Eng. Dunbar R. Ransom, '51, Agent. WilUam H. Wcntworth, '68, Loct. Eng. Southern Pensylvania. Thomas K. G. Wright, '56, Asst. Eng. Southern Ry. Engineering Bureau. Benjamin F. Marsh, '35, Draftsman. Southern Railway Co. Horace I. Bettis, '85, Auditor. Southside. Franklin Wright, '34, Asst. Eng. Springfield & Hartford. ''^Edwin F. Johnson, '25, Cons. Eng. Steubenville. Franklin Wright, '34, Asst. Eng.1 Sugar River. (B. & M. in N. H.) Nathaniel W. Ellis, '68, Div. Eng. Sullivan County (N. H.). Moses Lane, '41, Asst. Eng. Francis Chase, '47, Div. Eng. George W. Balloch, '47, Asst. Eng.l Wilham Partridge, '49, Asst. Eng. Sunbury and Danville. (Penn.) George M. Totten, '27, Ch. Eng. Suncook, N. H. Nathaniel W. Ellis, '68, Locating Eng. Tallahassee & Jacksonville R.R. (Florida Central) Edward Houston, '28, Pres. Tebo & Nesho (M. K. & T.) R. R. Henr>- V. Morris, '36, Asst. Eng. Asa C. Morris, '39, Pres. Terre Haute & Alton. John B. T. Mead, '51, Ch. Eng. Texas & Pacific. Grenville M. Dodge, '51, Pres. in charge of construction work. Wilham H. Wentworth, '68, Res. Eng. Frank W. Conn, '81, Asst. Eng. Marshall D. Smith, '81, Asst. Eng. Tide Water & Deep Water Ry. (Vir- ginia) Willard L. Fuller, '02, Asst. Eng. Toledo, Oskaloosa & Western. Simon M. Preston, '45, Locating Eng. Toledo, Peoria & Western. Charles E. Denison, '45, Ch. Eng. Toledo, St. Louis & New Orleans. Harry M. Hobson, '02, Asst. Eng. Trevorton,Mahoning&Susquehanna. Wilham Partridge, '49, Asst. Eng. Trinity & Brazos Valley. Grenville M. Dodge, '51, Director. Troy & Greenfield. Charles T. Walcott, '59, Asst. Eng. Tunica & Petersburg. Charles E. Denison, '45, Ch. Eng. Union Pacific. Grenville M. Dodge, 51, Ch. Eng., Director. Sewall Truax, '53, Asst. Eng. Henry Harding, '54, Asst. Eng. Holland ^^'^leeler, '59. Asst. Eng. Nathaniel W. Ellis, '68, Asst. Eng. Horace I. Bettis, '85, Asst. Auditor. Melvin H. Damon, '09, Ast. Eng. Union Pacific, Denver & Gulf. Grenville M. Dodge, '51, Pres., in charge of construction work. Utica & Oswego. Joseph D. Allen, '25, Ch. Eng. Truman B. Ransom, '25, Locating Eng. Utica & Schenectady. r. Edwin F. Johnson, '25, Res. Eng. , James B. Smith, '37, Asst. Eng. Vandalia Route (Ind.). ■^^ Arthur E. Winslow, '98, Asst. Eng. 360 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. Venezeula, Railways in George M. Totten, '27. Ch. Eng. Vermont & Canada. Edwin F. Johnson, '25, Consulting Eng. Vermont & Massachusetts. Charles T. Crocker, '53, Dir. Vicksburg, Meridian & Brandon. Frederick H. Farrar, '56, Asst. Eng. Lorenzo Potter, '5G, Asst. Eng. Virginia Ry. Harry M. Hobson, '02, Asst. Eng. Wabash System. Henry V. Morris, '36, Asst. Eng. Frank Strong, '02, Asst. Eng. Walla Walla & Columbia River. (Wash.) Sewall Truax, '53, Ch. Eng. Watertown & Columbus. (Wis.) William B. Gilbert, '28, Ch. Eng. Watertown & Madison. (Wis.) Wmiam B. Gilbert, '28, Ch. Eng. West River. (Vt.) William H. Greenwood, '52, Consultmg Eng. STREET Atlanta Consolidated (Georgia). Horace I. Bettis, 'S5, Gen'l Supt. Augusta & Waterville. William S. Hutchinson, '04, Asst. Eng. Boston Elevated. WilUam Hooper, '76, Treas. George F. Abbott, '91, Asst. Eng. Ephraim W. Clark, '92, Asst. Eng. John M. Ryan, '95, Asst. Eng. Ernest C. White, '08, Asst. Eng. Boston Street Ry. Jacob P. Gould, '49, Ch. Eng. Brownell Granger, '56, Ch. Eng. Boston Rapid Transit Commission. OUver Y. Leonard, '07, Asst. Eng. Chicago City Ry. Charles J. Luck, '76, Asst. Eng. and Supt Albert A. Hutchinson, '02, Asst. Eng. Buffalo & Lake Erie Traction Co. William S. Hutchinson, '04, Asst. Eng. Central Crosstown (New York City). Ehas B. Hart, '57, Vice-Pres. Crosstown Ry. (Columbus, Ohio). Howard C. Bancroft, '55, Pres. Denver City Ry. Frank B. Fenton, '57, Asst. Eng. Fitchburg & Leominster. Arthur G. Baker, '03. Asst. Eng. Fourth Avenue, New York City. Alfred W. Craven, '29, Commissioner. Gilbert Elevated. Alfred W. Craven, '29. Consult. Eng. Kings County Elevated. Charles H. Nichols. '86, Asst. Eng. Lawrence Street Ry. (Kansas). James W. Parker, '48, Promoter. Marlboro & Worcester, Mass. Howard C. Holden, '94, Asst. Eng. Western Maryland. ' Stanley J. Parsons, '03, Asst. Eng. Western Pacific. Grenville M. Dodge, '51, Ch. Eng. Western Vermont. (Rutland to Ben- nington) William B. Gilbert. '28. Ch. Eng. West Virginia Southern. Franklin J. Saxe. '74, Vice-Pres. and Director. Whitehall Ry. Edwin F. Johnson, '25, Locating Eng. Wichita Valley. Grenville M. Dodge, 51. Director. Holton R. Dillingham. '04. Asst. Eng. Wilmington Ry. (Vt.) Charles T. Walcott. '59. Asst. Eng. Wihnington & Reading. Robert Frazer. '37. President. Wisconsin Central. Horace C. Henry. '64. Contractor. Wisconsin Midland. Napoleon Boardman. '47. Ch. Eng. Woodstock Ry. (Vt.) John J. Dewey. '65. Pres. RAILWAYS. MetropoUtan. (Boston) Benjamin Poole, '38, Pres. Mt. Mansfield (Vt.) Dean C. Warren, '95, Asst. Eng. Carroll J. Scribner, '96. Res. Eng. New Jersey Electric. Horace I. Bettis, '85. Auditor. New York Elevated. Charles G. Griffith. '72, Asst. Eng. Old Colony St. Ry. (Mass.) Adelbert A. Hutchinson, '02, Asst. Eng. Penn Yan & Keuka Park (N. Y.) Herbert S. Clark, '96, Asst. Eng. Rapid Transit Construction Co.,N. Y. Clarence B. Riggs, '91, Asst. Eng. Arthur W. Hare, '02, Asst. Eng. Charles F. Gallup, '04, Asst. Eng. Joy C. Ross, '04, Asst. Eng. Rapid Transit Commission, New York Dean C. Warren, '95, Res. Eng. Rutland St. Ry. (Vt.) Fritz L. Metzger, '03, Res. Eng. Bertrand D. Dorr, '03. Asst. Eng. St. Albans. (Vt.) Wilham E. Robertson. '01, Asst. Mg'r. Seattle St. Ry. (Wash.) Byron T. Carr. '82. Sup't. Shore Line Elec. Ry. (Conn.) William P. Frazer. '08. Asst. Eng. Willimantic & South Coventry (Conn.) Frederic S. Stow. 'OS. Asst. Eng. Worcester & Clinton. (Mass.) Herbert S. Clark. '96. Asst. Eng. West Side Belt Ry. (Pa.) Harry M. Hobson. '02. Asst. Eng. John T. Smith. '02. Asst. Eng. Worcester & Marlboro (Mass.) . Winifred B. Carr, '97, Asst. Eng. SERVICE OF ALUMNI ON CANALS, 361 CANALS. Many of the alumni were prominent on the early canal con- struction. Joseph D. Allen, '25, served for some time as chief engineer of the Erie Canal. George M. Totten, '27, was engineer on several canals. His most distinguished service was on the Pan- ama canal, as chief consulting engineer on the staff of M. de Lesseps. William S. Campbell, '28, made the surveys and plans for a canal across the state of Florida. Edwin F. Johnson, '25, made the surveys and estimates for the first ship canal around Niagara Falls. * Several of the cadets have become prominent in connection with the development of power plants. Edward D. Adams, '64, as president of the Cataract Construction Co., with a capital of $100,000,000, had personal supervision of the construction of the immense electric plant at Niagara Falls, which was one of the greatest engineering feats of the age. Charles T. Crocker, '53, was president of the Turners Falls Co., which controls extensive power plants in Massachusetts. Capt. Holland Wheeler, '59, Josiah Hall, '61, F. C. Davis, '95, Timothy J. Holland, '07, and Oliver Y. Leonard, '07, have been extensively engaged in irrigation work. The service of the alumni with canal and power companies-is as follows : Black River. Joel Amsden, '34, Res. Eng. Black River & Chemung. Joseph D. Allen, '25, Ch. Eng. Blackstone. (Mass.) Joseph D. Allen, '25, Div. .Eng. Canal del Dique (Colombia, S. A.) George M. Totten, '27, Ch. Eng. Chenango. Joseph D. Allen, '25. Ch. Eng. Edwin F. Johnson, '25, Asst. Eng. Chesapeake & Albemarle. Washington R. Vennilj'e, '55, Asst. Eng. Chesapeake & Ohio. Randolph Coyle, '28, Asst. Eng. Connecticut Navigation Co. Joseph D. Allen, '25, Ch. Eng. Cumberland & Oxford. (Maine) Joseph D. Allen, '52, Ch. Eng. Delaware & Raritan. (N. J.) George M. Totten, '27, Asst. Eng. Franklin Wright, '32, .-Vsst. Eng. Erie. .Toseph D. Allen, '24, Ch. Eng. William S. Campbell. '28, Asst. Eng. George H. Clark, '38, Res. Eng. Charles [Slack, '38,'Asst.>Eng. Allen B. Slack, '39,'Asst.5Eng. Washington R. Vermilye, '55, Asst. Eng. Farmington (Mass.) George M. Totten, '27, Asst. Eng. Florida, Canal Across. William S. Campbell, '28, Ch.Eng. Genesee. George H. Clark, '38, Asst. Eng. Hocking. Alonzo H. Estabrook, '35, Asst. Eng. Juniata. (Penn.) George M. Totten, '27, Asst. Eng. Lewiston & Niagara Falls Ship Canal. Edwin F. Johnson, '25, Ch. Eng. Maryland & Delaware Ship Canal. George M. Totten, '27, Ch. Eng. Muskingum River Improvement Com. Alonzo F. Estalbrook, '35, .'^sst. Eng. New Orleans & Gulf of Mexico. Henry J. Ranney, '28, Ch. Eng. and Supt. New York Barge Canal. Leroy C. Hulburd, '94, Div. Eng. Fred C. Davis, '95, Div. Eng. George H. Briggs, '96, Div. Eng. Panama. George M. Totten, '27, Chief Consult. Eng. on ^L de Lesseps' Staff. Portage Canal. (Wis.) Stlilman E. Dana, '50, Supt. 362 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. St. Lawrence & Lake Champlain. Edwin F. Johnson, '25, Consult. Eng. Salem & Champlain. George B. SherriU, '38, Supt. Tide Water. Franklin Wright, '34, Asst. Eng. Wabash & Erie. Alonzo F. Estabrook, '35, Asst. Eng. Robert R. Milroy, '43, Trustee. POWER COMPANIES. Cataract Construction Co. (N. Y.) Edward D. Adams, '64, President. Cataract Power & Conduit Co. Edward D. Adams, '64. Charles River Basin Commission. Albert Holmes, '95, Div. Eng. Sydney W. Bampton, '06, Asst. Eng Locks & Canals Co. (Lowell, Mass.) Charles E. Collins, '90, Asst. Eng. Fred M. Goodhue, '91, Asst. Eng. Edmond H. Ryan, '92, Asst. Eng. Turners Falls Co. (Mass.) Charles T. Crocker, '53, President and director. Niagara Falls Power Co. Edward D. Adams, '64, Pres. George L. Ballou, '91, Asst. Eng. TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE COMPANIES. Several of the alumni have become prominent with electrical, telegraph, and telephone companies. To Gen. Alonzo Jackman, '36, belongs the honor of inventing the ocean telegraph. He published in the Vermont Mercury of Aug. 14, 1846, a complete description of his plan for the telegraph. The scientists of the time considered his plan visionary, but Cyrus W. Field saw the practicability and made use of it. The only practical difference be- tween his plan and Field's was the use of rubber insulation instead of gutta-percha, as planned by General Jackman. Edward D. Adams, '64, has been prominent in developing the telegraph systems in Central and South America, serving as vice-president and director of the Central and South American Telegraph Co., 1885-99. He is president of the Bullock Electrical Manufacturing Co. Harry B. Thayer, '77, has become prominent in the manufacture of the telephone and telegraph. He is president of the Western Electric Co., and vice-president of the American Telephone and Telegraph Co. Frederic H. Rand, '64, has gained prominence in the develop- ment of telegraph and telephone lines in Florida. The service of the Alumni with electric telegraph and telephone companies is as follows : ELECTRICAL AND TELEPHONE COMPANIES. American Telephone & Telegraph Co. Harry B. Thayer, '77, Vice-Pres. Atlantic Water & Electric Power Co. LeRoy C. Hulburd, '94, Asst. Eng. Bullock Electrical Co. Edward D. Adams, '64, President and director. Central & South American Tel. Co. Edward D. Adams '64, Vice President and director. Conqueror Mining Production & Power Co. Willis G. Prior, '03, Supt. Electric Controller & Supply Co. Samuel T. Wellman, '66, Pres. Fitchburg Gas & Electric Co. Charles T. Crocker, '53, director. Fletcher-Stanley Electric Co. Paris M. Fletcher, '87, Pres. Home Telephone Co. (Washington) Frederick P. Rogers, '03. Independent Telephone Co. (Greeley Co.) George J. Spear, '73, Pres. BRIDGE AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS. 363 Manitoba Government Telephone System. Edwin K. Jones, '07, Eng. Massachusetts Electric Co. ' George L. Hinsdale, '94, Asst. Eng. Monterey Gas & Electric Co. Charles A. Wood, '07, Asst. Eng. New England Telephone & Tel. Co. Ralph L. Oilman, '04, Asst. Eng. Clarence N. Burnett, '06, Asst. Eng. Potomac Electrical Power Co. Albert A. Hutchinson, '02, Asst. Eng. South Florida Telegraph Co. Frederic H.Rand, '64, Sec. and Treas. Thomson, Houston Elec. Co. Horace I. Bettis, '87, Eng. and Man. Utah & Wyoming Independent Tel. Co. Wesley K. Walton, '67, Pres. Western Electric Co. William M. Rumbaugh, '76, Dept. Supt. Harry B. Thayer, '77, Pres. Paris M. Fletcher, '87, Salesman Flynn G. Austin, '93, Dept. Chief. William A. Ellis, '97, Employee. J. Wilbur Cook, '98, Dept. Chief. Hugh J. Betterley, '06, Clerk. OUver T. Hazelton, '07, Asst. Eng Charles N. Blake, 'lO.Clerk. BRIDGE] AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS. A number of the alumni have become prominent in bridge and structural work. Moncure Robinson, '24, constructed in 1834, for the Philadelphia & Reading R. R., the bridge at the Black River Tunnel, over the'Schuylkill river. This was the first large stone structure built in this country for a double track railroad. William Parker, '25, was prominent in early bridge work in this country. He served as consulting engineer on the first suspen- sion bridge at Niagara Falls. Randolph Coyle, '28, was engi- neer in charge of the construction of the bridge over the Potomac River at Little Falls, Va. Grenville M. Dodge, '51, constructed the railroad bridge from Council Bluffs to Omaha and was one of the first to use compressed air on deep foundation work. As a bridge builder during the Civil War, he gained the admiration of the military experts of the world, for the rapidity with which bridges were constructed by him in an enemy's country. William H. Greenwood, '52, was the engineer of the famous "swing bridge" in the Royal Gorge in Colorado. Leonard J. Wright, '52, was the associate engineer on the construction of the Poughkeepsie bridge in New York. James E. Ainsworth, '53, was the engineer of the railroad bridge at Davenport, Iowa. George E. Bryant, '54, and George P. Buel, '56, performed valuable work during the Civil War as bridge builders. Holland Wheeler, '59, was engineer of the Platte River bridge on the Union Pacific R. R. William H. Wentworth, '68, was prominent as a bridge builder in Texas and Mexico. Nathaniel W. Ellis, '68, was engi- neer in charge of the construction of the Sumbay bridge on the Arequipa & Puno R. R., in Peru. Charles H. Nichols, '86, is one of the most prominent structural engineers in this country. He designed the steel work of many of the modern sky scrapers BRIDGE AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS. 365 in New York and other cities. His most notable work is the con- struction of the "Dreamland," at Coney Island, the New York Stock Exchange, Hotel Belmont and the Bankers Trust Company's new building, on the corner of Wall & Nassau Streets. George L. Ballou, '91, James L. Averill, '96, Harold S. Richmond, '00, and Fred T. Bass, '01, are prominent structural engineers in New York. A number of the graduates are identified with immense machine manufacturing companies. Edward D. Adams, '64, is chairman of the Board of Directors of the Allis-Chalmers Co., one of the largest companies of the kind in the world. Samuel T. Wellman, '66, is the president of the Wellman, Morgan, Seaver Engineering Co., of Cleveland, Ohio, one of the most prosperous manufacturing companies in this country. Charles V. Lord, '55, was the president of extensive plants in Maine. Charles T. Crocker, '64, was a director and extensive owner of many of the largest plants in Massachusetts. STRUCTURAL AND MACHINE COMPANIES. Allis-Chalmers Co. EdwardD. Adams, '64,ChainnanEx.Com American Bridge Co. Louis F. Chamberlin, '01, Draftsman. Dean O. Carr, '01, Draftsman. Harry M. Hobson, '02, Draftsman. Willard L. Fuller, '02, Draftsman. Frank Strong, '02, Draftsman. Leroy H. Davis, '07, Foreman on Con- struction. Berlin Bridge Co. Charles H. Nichols, '86, Asst. Eng. George L. Ballou, '91, Draftsman. James L. Averill, '96, Asst. Eng. Harold S. Richmond, '00, Draftsman. Boston Bridge Works. Fred E. Lamb, '89, Asst. Eng. Ephraim W. Clark, '92, Asst. Eng. Harold S. Richmond, '00, Draftsman. Buffalo Pitts Steam Roller Co. Jefifers F. Richardson, '00, Dist. Burk Drill Co. (Ohio) Curtis S. Barrett, '63, Director. Cleveland Elevator Co. (Ohio) Curtis S. Barrett, '63, Director. Clinton Bridge & Iron Co. Dean O. Carr, '01, Asst. Eng. Cummings Structural Concrete Co. Fritz L. Metzger, '03, Supt. Cons. Dallas Bridge Co. William H. Wentworth, '68, Ch. Eng. Des Moines Bridge & Iron Co. Dean O. Carr, '01, Asst. Eng. S. W. Hall Bridge Co. WiUiam Partridge, '49, Supt. Const. Hamilton Chambers Structural Co. James L. Averill, '96, Chief Eng. Howe Scale Co. Fritz L. Metzger, '03, Draftsman. Indiana Bridge Co. John H. Byrd, '03, Asst. Eng. Juragua Iron Co. (Cuba) Emiho P. Giro, '03, Asst. Eng. Keystone Bridge Co. Charles H. Nichols, '86, Draftsman. Kirby, Petit & Green. Charles H. Nichols, '86, Ch. Eng. Lawrence Iron Works. (Kansas) Paul A. Dinsmoor, '98, Supt. Lewison & Just. George L. Ballou, '91, Secretary. Manhattan Tool Co. WiUiam S. Vemam, '64, Vice Pres. and Gen'l Man. Milliken Brothers. Charles H. Nichols, '86, Ch. Draftsman. James L. Averill, '96, Asst. Eng. Morse Iron Works & Dry Dock Co. WiUiam S. Vemam, '64, Man. National Bridge Works. James L. AveriU, '96, Chief Eng. New England Structural Co. Ernest C. \STiite, 'OS, Draftsman H. L. Norton Co. James L. Averill, '96, Ch. Eng. Otis Iron & Steel Co. Samuel T. Wellman, '66, Ch. Eng. Pennsylvania Bridge Co. Dean O. Carr, '01, .\sst. Eng. Post & McCord, Structural Engi- neers. Charles H. Nichols, '86, Structural Eng.] Charles J. C. Evans, '92, Draftsman. Fred T. Bass, '01, Asst. Eng. Ernest S. Ball, '03, Draftsman, ;^66 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. John H. Byrd, '03, Draftsman. William E. C. Washburn, '04, Drafts- man. Ernest A. Lawrence, '05, Draftsman. T. Wesley Earle, '10, Draftsman. Hermon H. Kinsman, '10, Draftsman. Kenneth F. Stobbins, '10, Draftsman. Providence Steel & Wire Co. George E. Ames, '09, Asst. Eng Putnam Machine Co. (Mass.) Charles T. Crocker, '53, Dir. Quinsigamond Iron & Wire Works. Edward S. Stebbins, '38, Supt. Riter-Conly Manufacturing Co. Ernest S. Ball, '03, Draftsman. John H. Byrd, '03, Draftsman. Samuel L. Fuller, '03, Draftsman. Stanley J. Parsons, '03, Draftsman. Charles R. Hartwell, '06, Draftsman. Riverside Bridge Co. Harold S. Richmond, '00, Draftsman. Rome Iron Co. Henry B. Douglass, '77, Supt. and Min. Eng. John Russell Cutlery Co. Charles T. Crocker '53, Director. St. Louis Ore & Steel Co. Wilham F. Sprague '77, Supt. Snead & Co. George L. Ballou, '91, Asst. Eng. Spanish-American Iron Co. (Cuba) WilliamL.Norton'08, .Asst. The Standard Co. Edgar F. Carruthers, '95, Pres. Stupp Bros. Bridge & Iron Co. Harold S. Richmond, '00, Asst. Eng. B. F. Sturtevant (Mass.) Carroll J. Scribner, '96, Draftsman. Trussed Concrete Steel Co. Samuel L. Fuller, '03, Supt. Const. Union Iron Works. Charles V. Lord, '55, Pres. Wellman, Seaver, Morgan Engineer- ing. Samuel T. Wellman, '66, Pres. Westinghouse, Church, Kerr Co. Harold S. Richmond, '00, Asst. Eng. Wisconsin Bridge Works. Louis F. Chamberlin, '01, Draftsman. WATER WORKS AND SANITARY ENGINEERS. Several of the cadets became distinguished as water-works and sanitary engineers. William Parker, '25, was engineer and superintendent of the Jersey City, N. J., water-works; Randolph Coyle, '28, was chief engineer of the water-works in Washington, D. C. ; Alfred W. Craven '25, was chief engineer of the Croton Aque- duct Co., New York and the water-works of many large cities. The most important systems were those in Brooklyn, N. Y., Newark, N. J., Syracuse, N. Y., Augusta and Savannah, Ga. Moses Lane, '41, became an authoritj' in this line of engineering. He had charge of the construction of many large systems, the most important being at Brooldyn and Buffalo, N. Y., JNIilwaukee, Wis., Indianapo- lis, Ind., Patterson, N. J., and St. Louis, Mo. He was also con- sulting engineer on the construction of the water-works in Kansas City, Mo., Memphis, Tenn., and New Orleans, La. Leonard J. Wright, '52, was a prominent water-works engineer in Connecticut. Holland Wheeler, '59, has had charge of the construction of several water-works systems in Kansas and made several important in- ventions in this line of work. Charles Morton, '60, gamed dis- tinction in the development of the water supply of Boston. Lloyd B. Fuller, '64, had charge of the construction of the 68th street crib, and "four mUe crib," for the water-works of Chcago. Charles S. Wheelwright, '67, has become prominent in his work in the reduction of garbage and sewerage of cities. He is president and manager of the American Extractor Company of Providence, MINING ENGINEERS. 367 R. I. Nathaniel W. Ellis, '68, was the engineer of many of the water-works systems in New England. Charles E. Collins, '90 and John L. Collins, '96, are becoming prominent in the construc- tion of water-works systems and power plants. F. H. Clark, '89, F. C. Davis, '95, J. Albert Holmes, '95, and H. K. Briggs, '03, have had extensive practice in water-works engineering. MINING ENGINEERS. Several of the graduates became prominent in mining engi- neering. Valentine B. Horton, '25, was an extensive operator of coal mines in Ohio and was the first to transport coal down the Ohio River by steam barges. Joel Amsden, '35, was a prominent mining engineer in Pennsjdvania. Brownell Granger, '56, was engineer of mines in Nova Scotia. Curtis S. Barrett, '63, was an extensive operator of coal mines in Ohio. Samuel T. Wellman, '66, is one of the best known mining engineers and manufacturers in America. He is the inventor of the Wellman H3''draulic Crane, and the Wellman Open Hearth Charging Machine, also many other machines for the manufacture of iron. William H. Wentworth, '68, was one of the best known mining engineers in Me!sico. H. B. Douglass, '78, is now the inspector of coal mines for the New York Central and Hudson River R. R. Frank W. Conn, '81, was engi- neer for several mining companies in Central America. Charles W. Mead, '81, was a prominent mining engineer in Montana and the Philippine Islands. Joseph S. Craigue, '92, is chief engineer for the G. B. Markle Coal Co. of Jeddo, Pa. MINING COMPANIES. Alaska Petroleum & Coal Co. Arthur E. Burr, '06, Asst. Eng. American Exploring & Mining Co. Napoleon Boardman, '47, Eng. American Mineral Co. Henry Van Rensselaer, '25, Pres. Barrett & Rhodes. Curtis S. Barrett, '63, Partner. Blue Mountain Tunnel & Mining Co. Edmond H. Ryan, '02, Eng. Calumet Hecla Co. William Hooper, '76, Auditor. Cardiff Coal & Iron Co. Henry B. DougIa?s, '77, Eng. & Supt. Coal Citv Coal & Coke Co. Henry B. Douglass, '77, Supt. Conqueror Mining Production & Power Co. Wright S. Prior, '89, Prfts. & Mgr. Coxheath Copper Mining Co. Brownell Granger, 56, Supt. Cullman Coal & Coke Co. Dean O. Carr, '01, Asst. Eng. Currier Stone Co. Curtis S. Barrett, '63, Director. Dennison Coal Co. fOhio) CurtLs S. Barrett, '63, Director. Dorset Marble Co. Joseph H. Goulding, '65, Sec. Dover Brick Co. Curtis S. Barrett, '63, Prop. E B. Ellis Granite Co. Irving B. Ellis, '01 , Vice-Pres. H. C. Frick Coke Co. Stanley J. Parsons, '03, Draftsman. Garret Coal & Minine Co. Henrj^ B. Douglass, '78, Supt. Great Western Coal Co. Curtis S. Barrett, '63, Director. Mining Co. ^Illinois) William Partridge, '49, Supt. Lackawanna Iron & Coal Co. Joel Amsden, '35, Ch. Eng. 368 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. Lehigh Coke Co. Edward D. Adams, '64. Los Floras Mining Co. (Mexico) William H. Wentworth, '68, Mgr. G. B. Markle Coal Co. Joseph S. Craigue, '92, Ch. Eng. Charles F. Gallup, '04, Asst. Eng. Lyman N. Wheelock, '08, Asst. Eng. Northern California Mining Co. Samuel T. Wellman, '66, Pres. Norton Coal Co. Curtis S. Barrett, '63, Director. Pioneer Coal Co. (Ohio) Curtis S. Barrett, '63, Director. Pomeroy Coal Co. (Ohio) Valentine B. Horton, '25, Pres. Horace S. Horton, '29, Sec. & Treas. Port Henry Iron Co. Henry Van Rensselaer, '25, Pres. Retort Coke Oven Co. Samuel T. Wellman, '66, Pros. Santee Mining Co. (Georgia) Thomas H. Nickerson, '84, Asst. Eng. Shailer & Hall, Quarry Co. Edwin F. Johnson, '25, Pres. and Treas. Stone Iron Co. WiUiam H. Hubbard, '52, Sec. Vermont Marble Co. Walter E. Brown, '97, Salesman. Chester E. Duggan, '98, Instrument Man. William R. Farrington, '03, Clerk. Harry C. Pratt, '07, Insoector. Guy W. Cobb, '07, Asst.' Eng. Ernest M. Wheatley, '09, Clerk. James B. Carswell, '10, Clerk. AUenW.Reid, '10, Clerk. Vinton Colliery Co. Henry B. Douglass, '78, Supt. West Superior Iron & Steel Co. John C. Wells, '67, Asst. Eng. MINING ENGINEERS. '53. Adams, Leonard J. '55. Buell, Bela S. '56. Buel, George P. '46. Cleaver, John O. '81. Conn, Frank W. '56. Freeman, Frederick N. '03. Prior, Willis G. '89. Prior, Wright S. '76. Rice, Henry H. '70. Willard, George M. '25. Van Rensselaer Henry '39. Wright, Chauncey MILITARY AND NAVAL ENGINEERS. A number of the graduates became prominent as military and naval engineers. Moncure Robinson, '24, was consulting engineer on fortifications in New York harbor. Edwin F. Johnson, '25, was consulting engineer to the U. S. War Department on fortification work during the Civil War. William R. Lee, '25, was chief engineer of the^Massachusetts militia during the Civil War and had charge of construction of fortifications in Boston harbor and along the Massachusetts coast. Josiah Tatnall, '23, had charge of the con- struction of the fortifications on the Tortugas Reefs, Florida, in 1829-30. William Partridge, '49, Grenville M. Dodge, '51, Wil- liam H. Greenwood, '52, George E. Br5'ant, '55, and George P. Buel, '56, were prominent during the Civil War as military engi- neers. Brownell Granger, '56, was chief engineer of the Boston Navy Yard for some time. George H. Derby, '42, George H. Elliott, '52, were engineers in the U. S. Army. George A. Con- verse, '63, became an authority on Naval construction. Holland N. Stevenson, '65, also became a prominent engineer in the Navy. Epaphroditus H. Seymour, '55, John H. Hunt, '56, and Samuel Welles, '59, Avere engineers in the Navy during the Civil War. Thomas W. White, '41, served as engineer in the Confederate army. Dewitt C. Webb, '92, is now engineer in charge of construction work at the Boston Navy Yard. GOVERNMENT AND STATE ENGINEERS. 369 GOVERNMENT AND STATE ENGINEERS. A number of the graduates have held important engineering positions with the U. S. Government. George W. Jones, '26, served as surveyor general of Iowa, 1840-41 and 1845-48. Roswell W. Lee, '28, was a government surveyor in Texas. Benjamin F. Marsh, '35, conducted the first land surveys in Montana. Henry Hancock, '43, won distinction as a land surveyor in Southern California. Edward M. Brown, '44, was for some time U. S. land surveyor in North Dakota. Simon M. Preston, '45, Solon Shedd, '51, James E. Ainsworth, '53, Charles H. Lewis, '55, and Charles Morton, '60, were U. S. land surveyors in Iowa and Minnesota. Sewall Truax, '53, was a prominent government surveyor in Oregon and Washington. W. W. Howard, '65, conducted extensive land surveys in Minne- sota. Jonathan W. Childs, '58, was a government surveyor in Florida and George V. Boutelle, '59, in Colorado. Edwin F. Johnson, '25, and Randolph Coyle, '28, were engineers on U. S. Government boundary surveys. Henry J. Hartstene, '28, con- ducted extensive coast surveys for the government. Bertrand D. Barker, '03, was employed for several years as a U. S. Coast Survey engineer. Fred M. Goodhue, '91, and W. B. Carr, '97, were engineers for the U. S. Geological Survey. Holland Wheeler, '59, was a U. S. Mineral surveyor in Colorado and Charles W. Mead, '81, in Montana. Randolph Coyle, '28, served for some time as chief draftsman for the U. S. Land Office. The following cadets are engineers for the Bureau of Public works in Manila, P. I. : A. H. Sjoval, '08, George B. Steele, '09, and Charles P. Cassidy, '09. Hugh J. Betterly, '06, and James B. Swett, '06, were government engineers in Manila for some time. The following cadets have been employed as government engineers: Henry Harding, '54, Frederick M. Barstow, '78, Fred E. Lamb, '89, George S. Miller, '95, Ludlow S. Barker, '06, and Timothy Holland, '07. Frank D. Holbrook, '93, Clarence R. Andrew, '06, and Donald U. Smith, '08, are employed on construction of locks on the Ohio River. William Driscoll, '00, is an engineer for the Mexican government. Several of the alumni have been employed b}'' the various states. The following cadets were engineers on the Illinois Inter- nal Improvement Commission : chief engineers, Hiram P. W^ood- worth, '25, Truman B. Ransom, '25, William B. Gilbert, '28; division engineers, Charles Slack, '38; assistant engineers, Henry V. Morris, '36, Milton Wadleigh, '38, Horatio G. Gilbert, '38, Jay Dyer, '38. Horatio Seymour, '28, was chairman for some years of theNe w York Board of Survey. Jonathan Tarbell, '39, as COUNTY AND CITY ENGINEERS. 371 commissioner for New York, supervised the boundary survey between New York and Canada. Henry 0. Kent, '54, as com- missioner for New Hampshire, supervised the boundary survey between New Hampshire and ]\Iaine. Frederic H. Farrar, '56, was first assistant engineer for the state of Louisiana. Joseph S. Craigue, '92, was assistant engineer for the Boston Board of Survey. Fred C. Davis, '95, was for some time resident engineer on the New York Barge Canal; and Leroy C. Hulburd, '94, and George H. Briggs, '96, are now resident engineers on the construc- tion of this great water way. COUNTY AND CITY ENGINEERS. A large number of the graduates gained prominence as county and city engineers. The service of the cadets by counties and cities is as follows : COUNTY ENGINEERS. Bolivia Co., Miss. James B. Smith, '37. Clinton Co., 111. David Richardson, '41. Clinton Co., Iowa. Allen B. Slack, '39. Delaware Co., Ohio. Jay Dyer, '38. Delaware Co., Ind. Alonzo F. Estabrook, '35. DeWitt Co., 111. David Richardson, '41. Douglass Co., Kan. David Hubbard, '57. Holland Wheeler, '59. Fannin Land District, Tex. Roswell W. Lee, '26. Hancock Co., Iowa. Charles R. Wright, '47. Henry Co., in. David Richarsdon, '41. Isanti Co... Minn. James E. Ainsworth, '53. Jo Daviess Co., 111. Milton, Wadleigh, '38. Johnson Co., Kan. David Hubbard, '57. Lasalle Co. IlL T. E. G. Ransom, '51. Le Sueur Co., Minn. Cyrus G. Myrick, '40. Lewis & Clarke Co., Mont. Benjamin F. March, '35. McHenry Co., 111. David Richardson, '41. Madison Co., Mont. Charles W. Mead, '81. Millelacs Co., Minn. James E. Ainsworth, '53. Morrison Co., Minn. Phil S. Randall, 'SG. Rock Co., Wis. Harrison Stebbins, '43. St. Croix Co., "Wis. William D. Munson, '55. Sacramento Co., Cal. Gilbert W. Colby, '48. Santa Cruz Co., Cal. Edmund B. Kellogg, '45. Sullivan Co., Ohio. Alonzo F. Estabrook, '35. Texas, Dist. Surveyor. Levi W. Goodrich, '57. Waushara Co., Wis. HenryFloyd, '48. Wis. County Engineer. Isaac N. Cushman, '39. CITY ENGINEERS. Anadarka, Okla. Herbert S. Clark, '96, Asst. Eug. Boston, Mass. • Charles Morton, '60, Surveyor. Buffalo, N. Y. William B. Gilbert, '28, Ch. Eng. Burlington, Kan. Oscar E. Learnard, '55 Founder. 372 NORWICH UNIVERSITY, Cambridge, Mass. Charles Coll ns, '90, Asst. Eng. Frank J. Donahue, '95, Asst. Eng. J. Albert Holmes, '95, Park Commis. John M. Ryan, '95, Asst. Eng. Dean C. Warren, '95, Asst. Eng. • George H. Briggs, '96, Asst. Eng. • John L. Collins, '96, Asst. Eng. Chicago, 111. !• Lloyd B. Fuller, '64, Asst. Eng.l Corpus Christi, Tex. Harry A. Peabody, '03, 1st Asst. Eng. Dallas, Tex. William H. Wentworth, '68. Ch. Eng. Denver, Colo. George V. Boutelle, '59. Ch Eng. Everett, Mass. • William^F. Johnson, '10, Instrument- • • • man. . . . ■ • Ernest.C. White, '08, Instrument-man. Fond-du-Lac, Wis. Napoleon Boardman, '47, Ch. Eng. Galena, 111. Milton Wadleigh, '38. Ch. Eng. Granger, Minn. Brownell Granger, '57, Founder. Helena, Mont. Benjamin F. Marsh, '35, Ch. Eng. Lawrence, Kan. Holland Wheeler, '59, Ch. Eng. Leavenworth, Kan. George P. Buel, '56, Ch. Eng. Le Sueur, Minn. Cyrus G. Myrick, '40, Ch. Eng. Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada. Charles D. Frink, '07, Asst. Eng. Little Falls, Minn. Phil. S. Randall, '86, Ch. Eng. Los Angeles, Cal. Henry Hancock, '43, Ch. Eng. Lowell, Mass. Burton W. Farnham, '91, Asst. Eng. Ludlow, Mass. Charles E. Quimby, '91. Ch. Eng. Lyons, Iowa. Allen B. Slack, '39. Ch. Eng. Manchester, N. H. Nathaniel W. Ellis, '68, Ch. Eng. Manila, P. I. Charles W. Mead. '81, City Eng. Middlebury, Vt. Clarence B. Riggs,'97, Eng., on Sewer System. Milwaukee, Wis. Moses Lane, '40, Ch. Eng. New Orleans, La. William S. Campbell. '28. Ch. Eng. New Rochelle, N. Y. Clarence B. Riggs, '91, Asst. Eng. New York City, N. Y. • Henry A. Smalley, '51, Asst. Eng. John R. Moore, '73, Asst. Eng. George E. Talbot, '98, Inspector of School Bldgs. Eugene E. McLean, '37. Asst. Eng. Albert W. Craven. '28, Ch. Eng. Oil City, Pa. Willard L. Fuller, '02, Asst. Eng. Omro, Wis. • Wilbur E. Hurlbut, '93. Peoria, 111. Charles E. Denison, '45. Ch. Eng. Peru, lU. George W. Gilson. '37. Eng. Grenville M. Dodge, '51, Asst. Eng. T. E. G. Ransom. '51. Asst. Eng. Pittsfield, Mass. Charles E. Collins. '90, Asst. Eng. St. Albans, Vt. Charles E. Collins, '90, Ch. Eng. • Carroll J. Scribner, '96, Asst. Eng. San Jose, Cal. (First Surveys) • Thomas W. White, '41, Ch. Eng. Scranton, Pa. Frank P. Amsden, '59, Ch. Eng. Somerville, Mass. J. Albert Holmes, '95, Asst. Eng. Samuel A. Thomas, '95, Asst. Eng. Sycamore, 111. Ray S. Dowe. '95. Asst. Eng. Washington, D, C. Randolph Coyle, '28. Ch. Eng. Woonsocket, R. I. Charles F. Parker, '90, Ch. Eng. Worcester, Mass. Walter H. Hassam, '87. Asst. Eng. Fred H. Clark. '89, Asst. Eng. Wright S. Prior, '89, Asst. Eng. Percy G. Smith, '91, Asst. Eng. Charles H. Davis, '95, Asst. Eng. Fred H. Davis, '95, Asst. Eng. Bert H. Prior, '95, Asst. Eng. Herbert S. Clark, '96, Asst. Eng. Several of the alumni have become prominent in highway construction. Frederick W. Lander, '41, surveyed and had charge of the construction of the great overland wagon route to California in 1858-59. George W. Balloch, '47, was for several years superintendent of streets of Washington, D. C. Several of the men have been especially prominent in Worcester, Mass. W. E. Hassam, '87, and Wright S. Prior, '89, were for several years street commissioners of that city and Fred H. Clark, '89, is now holding the position. Bert H. Prior, '95, and Herbert S. Clark, HIGHWAY ENGINEERS AND INVENTORS. 373 '96, were for several years assistant street commissioners of that city. Walter E. Hassam, '87, is now general manager of the Has- sam Street Paving Co., of Worcester which is doing extensive street paving business throughout the country. Howard C. Holden, '94, is a division engineer for the Massachusetts Highway Com- mission; and L. B. Clogston, '94, H. B. Wason,'94, and DeanC. War- ren, '95, were for some time engineers with this Commission. Hugh J. Betterly, '06, is an assistant engineer with the Connecticut Highway Commission and C. A. Tenney, '06, is resident engineer with the Maryland Highway Commission. Emilio P. Giro, '03, is engineer for the Cuban Highway Department. INVENTORS. A number of the gi-aduates became prominent as inventors. Moncure Robinson, '24, made several inventions in steam engineer- ing. The locomotive "Gowan & Marx," constructed after his plans, brought him great prominence. Edwin F. Johnson, '25, invented and patented a screw power press, a six wheel truck for railway cars, and an eight wheel locomotive; also made several other inventions. Samuel Mower, '26, invented machines for making bricks, boots and shoes, and rope and twine. Charles McDermott, '26, and Thomas W. White, '41, spent much time in perfecting flying machines. To General Jackman is due the honor of inventing the ocean telegraph. Walter Aiken, '54, designed the first engine used on the Mt. Washington Railway. He also invented knitting machines, a machine for making latch needles and screws, taking out over forty patents. Edward S. Stebbins, '38, invented machines for making wire. William W. Chandler, '43, was the inventor and the first to put into operation refrigerator cars, in this country. Edmund Rice, '60, invented a trowel bayonet, stacking swivel, and blanket roll and shelter tent, all now used Ij}" the United States and the English Army. Holland Wheeler, '59, has patented a flush siphon tank, regulating valves, and sewer inlets, etc. Samuel T. Well- man, '66, has invented much machinery. His open hearth charg- ing machine has immensely reduced the cost of the smelting of iron. Charles S. Wheelwright, '67, has made many inventions, improving the manufacture of paper, and for the reduction of garbage and sewerage. Walter E. Hassam, '87, has gained prominence as an inventor of a process for constructing pavements. Louis C. Bump, '98, has invented several wood working machines. 374 NORWICH UNIVERSITY, Elroy A. Chase, '03, has lately achieved success as an inventor of a machine for sawing granite. J. C. Coulombe, '08, has made many inventions; the best known is his gun silencer, which rivals the invention of Mr. Maxim. Several of the cadets gained prominence in the construction of gas works. George Merrick, '25, was engineer and superintend- ent of the Havana, Cuba, gas works for several years. William S. Campbell, '28, was the chief engineer and general manager of the New Orleans Gas Light Co., and consulting engineer on the Havana gas works. Jacob Babbitt, '25, organized and was presi- dent of the Bristol, R. I., gas works. Sanders Irving, '28, was chief engineer of the Covington, Kentuck}^, gas works, and L. J. Parker, '98, is now assistant engineer for the Providence, R. I. Gas Company. CONSULTING ENGINEERS AND CONTRACTORS. Several of the cadets have engaged as consulting engineers and in general contracting. They are as follows : '25. ■ Allen, Joseph D. • • '64. '03. ■ Ball, Ernest S. • • '52. '47, Boardman, Napoleon '64. '28. Campbell, William S. '43. '01. Clark, Harry G. '82. '90. Collins, Charles E. '04. '81. Conn, Frank W. '25. '95. Davis, Fred C. '39. 51, Dodge, Granville M. '25. '68. Ellis, Nathaniel W. '76. '37. Frazer, Robert '37. '64. Fuller, Lloyd B. '81. Galbraith,FrederickW. '86. Greenwood,William H. '90. Henry, Horace C. '48. Howe, Asa '25. Howe, Malverd A. '74. Hutchinson, William S '51. Johnson, Edwin F. '91. Lane, Moses '03. Lee, William R. '97. Luck, Charles J. '59. McLean, Eugene E. '50. Mead, Charles W. Nichols, Charles H. Parker, Charles F. Parker, James W. Parker, William Silver, Robert A. Smalley, Henry A. iSmith, Percy G. Stocker, Marshall M. t^utherland, Donald W. Wheeler, Holland Young, Joseph E. The service of the alumni with engineering and contracting companies is as follows : American Railway Improvement Co. • Grenville M. Dodge, '51, Ch. Eng. H. S. Adams, Civil Engineer. . Joseph S. Craigue, '92, Asst. Eng. . DeWitt C.Webb, '92, Asst. Eng. F. W. Bishop Co. Roland D. Potter, '07, Supt. of Const. Colorado and Texas Construction Co. • Grenville M. Dodge, '51, Pres. Brady Construction Co. - Fritz L. Metzger, '03, Supt. on Const. Durkee, White & Towne, Civil Engineers. Percival C. Sinclair, '05, Asst. Eng. Empire Engineering Corporation. Edward D. Adams, '64, Chairman, Board of Directors French & Hubbard, Consulting Engineers. Edwm W. Smallman, '08, [Civil Engi- French & Bryant, Civil Engineers. Howard C. Holden, '94, Asst. Eng. Dean C. Warren, '95, Asst. Eng. Friday Contracting Co. Samuel L. Fuller, '03, Pres. Fuller Engineering Co. William L. Norton, '08, Asst. Eng. International Improvement Co. Grenville M. Dodge, '51, Ch. Eng. George W. Jackson Co. Bertrand D. Barker, '03, Supt. Const. Oriental Construction Co. Charles W. Mead, '81, Pres. Shedd & Searle. Ernest V. Booth, '87, Asst. Eng. M. L. Stoddard, Architect. George E. Talbot, '98, Supt. of Const. Stone & Webster Engineering Cor- poration. George G. Hinsdale, '94, Asst. Eng, RAILWAYS AXD EXPRESS EMPLOYEES MERCHANTS. 375 Sanborn Construction Co. George F. Mitchell, '08, Supt. of Const. Texas and Colorado Improvement Co. Grenville M. Dodge. '51, Ch. Eng. Transit Finance Co. Frank W. Conn. '81, Ch. Eng. A. W. Wood, Civil Engineer. Chnrles H. Davis, '95, Asst. Eng. Western Industrial Co. Grenville M. Dodge, '51, Pres. RAILWAY EMPLOYEES. Forty-five of the alumni and past cadets have been and are employed by railway, express, and stage companies as follows: '55. Bickford. Frederick T. '77. Gregg, Charles A. '82. Randall, Clarence E. '94. Booth, Clarence H. '64. Hebard, William '04. Randall, George C. .08. Bourdon, Frederick V. '83. Howe,WilberC. '81. Smith, Marshall D. '85. Boynton, William '90. Lewis, Dexter W. '85. Smith, Matthew B. ■55. Burns, Emorv i( '70. Morrill, Leonard '54. Thomas, Hartop P. ■82. Carr, Byron T. '02. Murch, George D. '47. Tucker, William H. ■81. Cleveland, Harry L. '97. Nash, Marcellus-E. '84. Wakefield, Daniel E. '50. Dana, Stillman E. '94. Ogle, Edgar J. '99. West, Bertrand L. ■67. Eddy, Horace W. '80. Parker, Frank H. '59. Woods, Joseph W. '56. Farrar, William E. '89. Plaistridge, Walter S. '62. Wright, Henry J. ■78. Ferris, William H. '47. Potter, Charles H.I '56. Wright, Thomas K. G. '58. Fowler, John G. '01. Potter, Robert.!. 57. Gilman, Benjamin M. '73. Proctor, George W. EMPLOYEES, EXPRESS AND'STAGE COMPANIES. '55. Briggs, Samuel E. '.55. Buell.BelaS. '98. E\-ans, George D. '67. Fiske, William '48. Lyman, George B, '48. Lyman, Elias, 2d ' 73 . Lyman , Harry T. '48. Parker, James Wi MERCHANTS AND BUSINESS MEN. Three hundred and thirt}'-four of the alumni and past cadets have engaged in general business. Charles Tuller, '23, gained prominence as a merchant in Wisconsin; George Lyman, '23, Irving B. Rich, '64, Edward C. Houghton, '65, John H. Mc- Loud, '67, and Harry C. Moselej^, '95, in Vermont; Asa W. H. Clapp, '25, and Phineas Varnum, '25, in Maine; Thomas B. Wales, '25, William G. Brooks, '25, and James W. Brown, '38, in Boston, Mass. ; Thomas J. Harris, '22, Jonathan Baker, '25, Levi Bartlett, '25, Thomas H. Leverett, '25, and John W. Tappan, '25, in New Hampshire; George W. Davis, '26, in North Carolina; Frederick Brewer, '27, and Ephraim T. Miller, '27, in Connecticut. Ralph S. Dorr, '25, was a wealthy merchant in Boston, Buenos Ayres, Argentine, South America, and San Francisco. Thomas R. Trowbridge, '27, engaged in the West India trade and became one of the wealthiest men in Connecticut. Paul C. Cameron, '28, was one of the most prosperous business men in the South. Ben- jamin F. Babcock, '27, gained prominence as a merchant in New York City, Liverpool, England and Glasgow, Scotland. W^illiam B, Huggins, '28, was one of the most prosperous dry goods mer- chants in Glasgow, Scotland. 376 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. Samuel K. George, '32, was a wealthy merchant in Baltimore, Md., C. B. Burnham, '39, of St. Louis, Mo., was for many years one of the most prominent wholesale grocers in that city. William M. Whipple, '39, was a well known merchant in Illinois. Charles A. Silver, '41, of Brooldyn, N. Y. is one of the most prosperous business men of that city. Howard C. Bancroft, '54, gained promi- nence as a dry goods merchant in Columbus, Ohio. Stephen A. Scripture, '50, was a well known baker in Lowell, Mass. G. M. Dodge, '51, engaged extensively in trade with the Indians, and sent the first train through to Denver and opened there on Cherry Creek, one of the first mercantile houses. Frederick F. Fletcher, '57, was prominent in the wholesale business in Vermont and Minnesota. Charles D. Gregory, '64, was a prominent sugar merchant in St. Louis. Marshall B. Stebbins, '65, was a prominent hardware merchant in Boston. James V. Sweetser, '65, became a prosperous business man in Marion, Ind. and Harry S. Denny, '08 was a well known business man in Jacksonville, Fla. Thomas H. Nickerson, '84, is a prominent merchant and business man in Athens, Ga.; Earl H. Prince, '86, in Chicago, 111. and George Gifford, '88, in Omaha, Neb. Merchants, Business Men and Salesmen. '91. Adams, Benjamiu H. '72. Brown, Eugene V. '26. Desclaux, John A. '57. Adams, Fritz E. 138. Brown, James W. '25. Dinsmoor, William '74. Adams, Solonj '97. Brown, Walter E. '51. Dodge, Grenville, M. '54. Aiken, Walter '98. Bump, Louis C. '64. Dodge, William A. '29. Alden, George '41. Burnham, Alfred A. '25. Dorr, Alfred '08. Amidon, Luey E. C. '39. Burnham, Cyrus B. '25. Dorr, Ralph S. '24. Amory, Charles '28. Cameron, Paul C. '50. Dorr, Ralph S. '25. Amory, James S. '24. Carpenter, William '26. Dorrance, Sanders P. '55. Andrus, Delano F. ] '82. Carr, Byron T. '46. Dow, Benjamin F. '38. Arms, Austin D. '27. Carrington, Edward '38. Dow, William C. '63. Atwood, Charles H. '61. Chandler, Edward A. '65. Duncklee, Horace '93. Austin, Flynn G. '65. Chapin, Charles J. '41. Eastman, Coggswell '26. Babbitt, Jacob '04. Chapin, George H. '25. Eastman, Ph. lip '27. Babcock, Benjamin F.j '23. Clapp, Asa W. H. '27. Edwards, Alfred P. '23. Bailey, Joseph S. '25. Cl.app, Charles '67. Elliot, William C. '25. Baker, Jonathan '66. Clark, Charles S. '46. Ensworth, Charles E. '53. Baldwin, Addison R. '38. Clark, George H. '29. Eyre, John C. '47. Balloch, George W. '67. Clark, Henry C. '56. Farrar, William E. •54. Bancroft, Howard C. '26. Coates, Morton '.57. Fenton, Frank B. '79. Batchelder, Archie M. '89. Cobleigh, George H. '51. Fletcher, Albert A. '27. Barnes, William S. '37. Cobb, Daniel B. B. '57. Fletcher, Frederick F '46. Barron, Horace E. '45. Cobb, Samuel W. '39. Fletcher, Friend P. '25. Bartlett, Levi '65. Cowles, Henry E. S. '87. Fletcher, Paris M. '25. Baxter, Carlos '67. Crandall, Edward R. '03. Flint, Kemp R.B. '25. Baxter, Portus • '53. Crocker, Charles T. '74. Field, Charles E. '06. Bean, Earl L. '25. Cutter, Charles '87. Field, Wesley O. '41. Bean, Eli B. '99. Dale, Edward M. '39. Folsom, Oilman '88. Bearss, Edwin C. '25. Dana, Frederick '25. Forbes, Edward '73. Belknap, Simeon E. '73. Daniell, Harry W. '.38. Frary, Solon F. '88. Belknap, W lliam O. '23. Darling, Jonathan P. '56. Fullerton, William H. '74. Best, William H. '23. Darling, Joshua H. '25. Gardiner, Robert H. '24. Binney, Charles J. F.' '51. Da\'is, George E. '67. Gay, Frederick '38. Bissell, G. Henry '26. Davis, George W. '32. George, Samuel K. '38. Bosworth, Stephen '26. D,avis, Horatio '64. Gerrish, William '55. Bowers, Lloyd H. '.50. Day, John S. '88. Gifford, George W. '26.' Brandegee, Jacob S. '52. Denniston, Charles Y. '23. Gilbert, Samuel S. '27. Brewer, Frederick '88. Denny, Harry S. ',50. Gillum, Henry H ■25. Brooks. William G. '05. Denny, Joseph H. '06. Gilman, Dana H. MERCHANTS, BUSINESS MEN AND SALESMEN. 377 '89. '37. '25. '55. '64. '26. 28. 46. '50. '43. '24. '57. '08. '57. '63, '25. '56. '26. '25. '63. '63. '88. '64. '95. '83. '24. '29. '25. '65. '67. '65. '27. '56. '30. '25. '52. '28. '42. '69. '26. '26. '08. '73. '40. '38. '27. '89. '93. '51. '76. '25. '65. '82, '03. '90. '64. '96. '73. '24. '56. '56. '26. '28. '65. '01. '67. '43. '68. '25. '25. '90. '08. '28. Gilinan,ElbridgeW. Gilson, George W. Goodall, David Gorman, Thomas Gregory, Charles D. Griswold, Edward T. Hale, George G. Hall. William H. H. Hammond, John E. W Hancock, Henry Harris, Thomas J. Hart, Elias B. Hartshorn, Charles E. Hascall, Henry B. Hastings, Addison T. Hatch, .A.lbert G. Hatch, Frederick A. Hatch, Joseph D. Hathaway ,Guilford H. Haven, William B. Hays, William D. Hay ward, Fred F. Hazeiton, Walter S. Hoefler, Philo R. C. Holland, James M. HoUey, George W. Horton, Horace S. Horton, Valentine B. Houghton, Edmund C. Howard, Abijah Howard, William W. Hubbard, Elijah K. Hubbard, Guirdon S.i Hubbard, Henry G. Hubbard, Samuel T. Hubbard, William H. Huggins, William B. Hunt, Roswell Hunt, William H. Huntington, AndrewB. Huntington. Samuel. \. Huntley, Edwin D. Huntoon, George L. Hurlbut, Lucius Hutchinson, James Hyde, William Irish, Robert L. Jackman, Winthrop T. Jarvis, Charles A. Jewell, Eben B. Johnson, ;Edwin F. Johnson, William H. Jones, Harry M. Judd, Francis B. Judkins, John H. Kent, Charles N. Kerr, Harry C. Kimball, Edson Kimball, Robert P. Kingsley, Levi G. Kmne, Aaron Kinsman, Frederick Kirkland, .\lexander Ladd, William F. Lance, Joseph T. Lawrence, Francis G. Lee, Stephen B. Leonard, Henry B. Leverett, Josiah S. Leverett, Thomas H. Lewis, Keneth H. Lockwood, Edward A. London, Henry A. '73. '99. '93. '02. '09. Aldrich, George J. Austin, George E. Bailey, George F. Booth, Leon F. Bullock, Roy A. Burke, Herbert G. Clark, George W. '55. Lord, Charles V. '25. Lord, Nathaniel ^ '67.- Lothrop, George .-L. '99. Lovell, George P. '23. Lowell, Charles R. '24. Lyman, Charles '48. Lyman, Elias 1st '23. Lyman, George. '76. McIlwaine.TheodoreC. '07. McLoud, John H. '46. .McNeill, Edwin '41. .Manchester, Philander '61. Marcy, .Andrew C. '54. Mead, Stephen O. '07. Mears,JohnH. '25. Merrick, George '52. Merrill, Edward B. '57. Merriman.DeForestH. '58. Messenger, George '73. Metcalf, George W. '57. Metcalf, John W. '64. Metcalf, Ralph '27. Miller, Ephraim T. '23. Mower, Samuel '28. Morris, Arthur B. '49. Morris, Edward W. '51. Morris, Ephraim^ '54. Morris, Henry C. '38. Morton, Lewis E. '95. Mosely, Harry C. '47. Newman, Asahel C. '84. Nickerson, Thomas H, '55. Nichols, S.ayles '04. Nichols, Stanley ^I '28. Noble, John S. '25. Orne, William W. '60. Osgood, Elbridge B. '64. Osgood, John H. '25. Paddock, Horace '59. Parker, Charles E. '68. Partridge, Lewis B. '23. Partridge, Samuel '49. Partridge, William '58. Patten, Edwm B. '63. Patterson, Rody '26. Patton, Benjamin F. '43. Paul, William P. '52, Peake, PeveriU '56. Penniman, Luther L. '30. Pennock, Nathan L. '69. Pennock, Sylvester M. '25. Perkins, Hamilton H. '43. Perkins, Norman E. '24. Perrj-, Carleton H. '10. Peterson, Howard B. '54. Pettis, Robert T. '26. Phelps, Edward A. '62. Phillipes, Walter A. '57. Pickering, Thomas A. '53. Pike, John B. '54. Piatt, Zepeniah '50. Potter, Lorenzo '26. Prescott, HenryJ '86. Prince, Earl H. '64. Rand, Frederick H. '28. Ranney, Henry J. '07. Ransom, Harold A. '00. Reed, Charles H. '76. Reed, Frank H. '38. Reed, Oliver P. '48. Reynolds, Asa. '57. Rice, Edward W. '64. Rich, Irving B. Salesmen. '07. Coggeshall, Chester H. '88. Davis, Nathaniel R. '77. Dewey, Thomas '87. Dimond, John E '96. Dole, Harry R. '90. Dole, Heman E. '77. Douglass, David B. '10. Rich, John T. '46. Richardson, Amos. '61. Richardson, Juhus R. '49. Robinson, Calvin L '24. Robinson, Moncure '63. Robinson, Norman '56. Roolofson,FrederickE. '05. Ross, Charles H. '25. Russell, Walter W. '39. Sargent, Charles H. '59. Sargent, Harlan P. '39. Sargent, John H. '50. Scripture, Stephen '28. Seymour, Daniel M. '28. Seymom-, William E. '73. Sheldon, Archie L. '26. Sigourney,HenryH.W. '41. Silver, Charles A. '68. Skinner, Henry C. '65. Smart, Charles H. '29. Smith, Isaac T. '81. Smith, Marshall D. '37. Smith, Tunothy D. '41, Snow, Gustavus H. '55. Spaulding, William '73. Spear, George J. '91. Sprague, William H. '52. Stancliff, William '47. Standish, James \. N. '60. Starr, William '65. Stebbms, Marshall B '00. Stem, Albert '84. Stewart, Harry D. '86. Stewart, Rolan W '23. Stimpson, Jason '68. Stowell, Eugene A. '25. Swan, Benjamin '49. Sweatt, Charles '68. Sweet, Channing '65. Sweetser, James v . '25. Tappan, John W. '74. Thayer, .\rnoId '76. Thompson, Noble A. '48. Tilton, Charles E. '41. Titus, William H. H. '57. Treadwell, William A. '27. Trowbridge,ThomasR. '40. Tucker, Franklin '47. Tucker, William H. '23. Tuller, Charles '45. Tutherly, William E, '56. Tuttle, .\lbert C. '74. Upham, Edward D. '24. Vamum.Phineas F. '49. Waite, Frederick T. '25. Wales, Thomas B. '26. Ward, Roswell B. '28. Ward, William A. '62. Washburn,JustusW^F. '98. Wheelock, Clarence D. '39. Whipple, William M. '29. W^hitefield, James B. '64. Whitmore, Adin H. '56. Wilkins, A. Whipple '49. Willard, Oscar A. '73. W'illiams, Charles K. '25. Williams, John '84. Wilmarth, Daniel E. '25. Woodworth, Hiram P. '57. Worthen, Harry N. '96. Wright, Frank R. '42. Wright, Joseph C. '25. Wright, William E. '91. Young, Emerson L. '73. Eastman, Paris A. '94. Gillette, Heman '93. Gokey, Frank A. '88. Goss, Henry H. '93. Hinsdale, George G. '06. Hovey, Bradford P. '96. Howes, Phil S. 378 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. '97. Keith, Harry L. '74. Pitman, Edward P. '76. Stearns, James K. '92. Lunderville.Isadore N. '66. Potter, Charles H. '98. Story, Sanford B. '08. Lyons, Oscar P. '43. Post, Eugene J. '54. Tarr, Daniel B. '57. Martin, Henry 0. '00. Richardson, Jeffers F. '95. Ternll, Arthur L. '06. Maxham, William E. '77. Robinson, Frank L. '89. 'ierrill, Willis E. '47. Oliver, Caleb • • '94. RoUo, William H. '00. Tower, William A. '07. Oram, Leslie J. •07. Shepard,jBurton M. '07. Trombley, Lucian J, '07. Parker, Alden M. • '95. (Sinclair, Thomas S. '10. Whitney, Joseph H '77. Parker, George '74. Smith, Edward T. '90. Wright. Edgar E. INSURANCE MEN AND COMPANIES. A number of the men have become prominent in the insurance business and with various companies. James S. Amory, '25, and Peter W. Freeman, '25 were officers in several life and fire insurance companies in Boston. Jonas H. Piatt, '54,f^is^promi- nent in marine insurance business in New York. Henry M. Phillips, '64, was for a number of years secretary of [^the Massachusetts Life Insurance Co.; Horace C. Henry, '64, is president of the Northern Life Insurance Co., of Washington. Ralph B. Denny, '91, is meeting with success with the Union Mutual Fire Insurance Co., and the American Fidelity Company of Montpelier. Homer E. C. Rainey, '03, was for some time with the New York Fire Insurance Exchange and is now with the Railway Insurance Syndicate. A large number of the men are employed by the Sanborn Map Company as insurance surveyors. American Fidelity Co., (Vt.) Ralph B. Denny, '91, Treas. American Insurance Co., (Mass.) James S. Amory, '25, Dir. Association Factory Mutual Fire Insurance Co. Charles R. Hartwell, '06, Surveyor Boston Insurance Co. Peter W. Freeman, '25, Pres. BostonManufacturers'Fire Insurance Co. James S. Amory, '25, Dir. Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection & Insurance Co. ■ Seth B. Adams, '90, Asst. Eng. Lumber Mutual Fire Insurance Co. Arthur G. Baker, '03, Eng. Massachusetts Life Insurance Co. Henry M. Phillips, '64, Sec. Mutual Insurance Co. Will am E. Carleton, '06, Eng. National Life Insurance Co., (Vt.) Phil S. Howes, '90, Actuary. New England Life Insurance Co. James S. Amorj% '25, D r. New York Fire Insurance Exchange. George P. Lo veil, '99, Asst. Eng. Homer E. Rainey, '04, Eng. Northern Life Insurance Co., (Wash.) Horace C. Henry, '64, Pres, Railway Insurance Syndicate (N. Y.) Homer E. Rainey, '04. Eng. Sanborn Map Co. Charles H. Nichols, '86, Eng. of Plant. James E. Ross, '94, Eng. Lerov C. Hulburd, '94, Eng. Hal. H. Stearns, '94, Eng. Samuel A. Thomas, '95, Eng. Frank J. Donahue, '95, Eng. William A. Ellis, '97, Eng. John P. Moseley, '99, Eng. Frank L. Aldrich, '99, Eng. George P. Lovell, '99, Eng. Tunothv J. Holland, '01, Eng. George E. Thomas, '02, Eng. Arthur G. Baker, '03, Eng. .John T. Powers, '03, Eng. Nathan L. Thomas, '04, Eng. Harry R. Deal, '05. Eng. Joy C. Ross, '05, Eng. Daniel R. Barney, '06, Eng. William E. Carleton, '06. Eng. Charles R. Hartwell, '06, Eng. John K. Morris, '06, Eng. Martin L. Rumrill, '06, Eng. Rov M. Batchelder, '07, Eng. William M. Ryan, '07, Eng. Roy M. Blanchard, '08, Eng. Francis J. McCarthy, '08, Eng. Robert G. North, '08, Eng. Raymond V. Root, '08, Eng. Underwriters Bureau of New Eng- land Fire Ins. Co. Timothy Holland, '01. Eng. Union Mutual Insurance Co. Ralph B. Denny, '91, Asst. Sec. and Treas. HOTEL PROPRIETORS. HOTEL PROPRIETORS. 379 A number of the alumni have engaged in the hotel business with marked success. Ephraim Hutchins, '22, was a hotel proprietor in Concord, N. H., many years. Riley Adams, '27, conducted hotels in Bristol and Burlington, \' t., and in New Jersey. Benjamin F. Patton, '27, was prominent in the hotel business in Municipal Building, New York City, McKim, Mead and White, architects; C. H. Nichols, '86, designer of foundations. North Carolina. Horace E. Barron, '46, was for many years a popular hotel proprietor at Faribault, Minn. Wilder W. Parker, '47, was one of the first to open a hotel in San Francisco, Cal. Henry B. White, '49, was engaged in the hotel business in Massena Springs, New York, for many years. Walter Aiken, '54, as proprietor of the ''Tip-Top" House on Mt. Washington, N. H., 380 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. and of the Hamilton Hotel in the Bermuda Islands became prominent in the business. William M. Bates, '55, of New York City, is one of the best known hotel men in this country. He conducted for many years, hotels in Saratoga Springs, N. Y., in Newport, R. I., St. Louis, Mo., and in New York City. Henry C. Baxter, '66, was the proprietor of hotels in Boston and in Seattle, Wash. Frank C. Hatch, '76, was for some years manager of Hotel Royalton, New York City. The following alumni were also well known hotel men: Henry W. Cushman, '25; Roswell Hunt, '42; Frank B. Starr, '45; Luther L. Penniman, '56 and Elisha P. Hitchcock, '64. BANKERS, BROKERS AND REAL ESTATE OPERATORS. Ninety-eight of the alumni have engaged in banking, brok- erage and the real estate business, several becoming very promi- nent. James S. Amory, '25, was president, vice-president and director of several banks in Boston. Junius Spencer Morgan, '26, as organizer of the banking firm of J. S. Morgan & Co., be- came one of the best known financiers in the world. Thomas R. Trowbridge, '27, J. H. Watkinson, '28, and Edwin McNeill, '45, became well known bankers in Connecticut. Cyrus B. Burnham, '39, of St. Louis, Mo., was for many j^ears a prominent banker in that city. Clinton S. Averill, '49, and H. 0. Kent, '54, were prosperous bankers in New Hampshire. Clayton E. Rich, '63, is a well known cotton broker in New York. Edward D. Adams, '64, has become a " captain of industry' ' in New York, through his able financiering of immense enterprises. G. P. Putnam, '64, was a well known banker in Kansas City. W. S. Hazelton, '64, is a prosperous banker in Elkhart, Ind. Frank Whitney, '64, of Boston, was for n any year manager of the Calcutta, India, branch of the Whitney Brothers' banking company of Boston. Frederic H. Rand, '64, is a prosperous banker in Florida. Henry J. Howe, '67, is a Mell known banker in Iowa. Waldo P. Clement, '72, of New York, was for several year- a member of the New York Stock Exchange. William R. Dorr, '73, became prominent in the banking business in Minnesota and New York; and Henry L. Sherman, '78, is a well known banker in Lawrence, Mass. James M. Holland, '83, who was for a time engaged in the banking business in Washington, is now a real estate operator in New York City. J. H. Goulding, '65, H. C. Cady, '91, H. G. Woodruff, '91, and H. N. Mattison, '93, are all well known in the banking circles of Vermont. BANKERS, BROKERS AND REAL ESTATE OPERATORS. 381 '64. Adams, Edward D. '78. '37. Allen, Horace P. '06. '25. Allen, Joseph D. '06. '25. Amory, James S. '73. '26. Anderson, William E. '64. '78. Arms, Henry F. '52. '25. Austin, Romeo '37. '49. Averill, Clinton S. '23. '26. Babbitt, Jacob '68. '25. Baker, Jonathan '65. '49. Benjamin, William W. '25. '98. Booth, Eflwin •48. '55. Buell,BelaS. '25. '66. Burkham, Elzey G. '64. '29. Bumham, Cyrus B. '64. '67. Burr, Charles P. '83. '63. Bush, Charles E. '69. '91. Cady, HeberC. '29. '72. Campbell, Stephen H. '82. '65. Child, Oscar B. '54. '72. Clement, Waldo P. '90. '37. Cobb, Daniel B. B. '25. '45. Cobb, Samuel W. '55. '25. Cotton, George '55. '53. Crocker, Charles T. '50. •39. Cushman, Isaac N. '45. •23. Darlinpc, Joshua H. '78. '56. Delafield, Walter '93. '91. Denny, Ralph B. '24. '63. Dewey, William S. '64. '25. Dinsmoor, William '25. '51. Dodge, Gren\'ille M. '64. '73. Dorr, William R. '26. '78. Douglass, Francis '51. DuBois, Fred E. Edgerton, Halsey C. Edgerton, Malcolm J. Ely, Frederick L. Estey, Julius J. Fletcher, Albert .A.. Gilbert, Horatio G. Goodhue, Wells Goss, Frank A. Goulding, Joseph H. Griswold, William F. Hall, William H. H. Hathaway, Guilford H. Hazelton, Walter S. Henry, Horace C. Holland, .James M. Howe, Henry J. Hubbard, Henry G. Jennings, William A. Kent, Henry O. Kent, Henry P. Leverett, Thomas H. Lewis, Charles H. Lord, Charles V. Lyman, Elias McNeill, Edwin Marsh, Edward S. Mattison, Hiram N. Means, Robert Metcalf, Ralph Minot, George Morey, Arthur P. Morgan, Junius S. Morris, Ephrai m '02. '56. '45. '86. '95. '64. '64. '63. '64. '78. '64. '81. '72. '49. '65. '48. '25. '52. '27. '64. '41. '04. '28. '39. '68. '64. '91. '39. '38. Olcott, George Orser, Henry W. Potter, Lorenzo Preston, Simon M. Prince, Earl H. Prior, Bert H. Putnam, George F. Rand, Frederic H. Rich, Clayton E. Rich, Irving B. Sherman, Henry L. Sleeper, Charles Smith, Marshall D. Steele, George .Sweatt, Charles Sweetser, James V. Tilton, Charles E. Tappan, John H. Towne, John P. Trowbridge, ThomasR. Utley, Herman G. Vermilye, Washington R. Vemam, William S. Warren, Stephen S. Washburn.WilliamE.C WatkLnson, John H. Whipple, William M. Whiting, Frank M. Whitney, Frank Woodruff, Harrison, G. Wright, Chauncey Young, Nathan S. MANUFACTURERS. A large number of the alumni became prominent as manu- facturers. Charles Amory, '25, and James S. Amory, '25, were presidents and directors of many large mills in New England. William S. Dewey, '63, John J. Dewey, '65, Charles H. Wood, '65, and Charles M. Davis, '82, are now extensively engaged in manu- facturing Avoolen and cotton goods. Francis A. Sawyer, '64, was a member of the firm of F. A. & J. Sawyer, extensive woolen manufacturers in Dover, N. H. Henry G. Hubbard, '30, was the president of the Russell Manufacturing Co., one of the largest and most prosperous companies in Connecticut. Walter Aiken, '54, was an extensive manufacturer in New Hampshire and Curtis S. Barrett, '63, in Ohio. Julius J. Estey, '64, was for many years president of the famous Estey Organ Co., of Brattleboro, Vt. Eber Richards, '53, and Charles T. Crocker, '53, were extensive manufacturers of paper. Charles E. Bush '63, Charles S. Wheel- wright, '65, Frank A. Flint, '77, and Paul A. Dinsmoor, '98, are now actively engaged in that line of business. W^illiam Blackington, '66, and Frank M. Whiting, '68, were prosperous jewelry manufacturers in Massachusetts and Rhode Island. Samuel L. Pitkin, '24, was a prosperous manu- facturer of powder in Connecticut. Obed Foss, '50, is a well known manufacturer in Maine and Frank A. Manual, '93, and Louis C. Bump, '98, in Vermont, 382 NORWICH UNIVERSITY, '54. Aiken, Walter '24. Gignilliat, Norman P. '52. '26. Allen Joseph D. '68. Goss, Frank A. '53. '25. Amory, Charles '01. Grant, Charles H. '53. '25. Amory, James S. '68. Grosvenor, Robert '64. '78. Arms, Henry F. '67. Grow, Julius J. '28. '26. Babbitt, Jacob '79. Howe, Frank L. '29. '01. Barclay, Douglass M. '69. Howe, Henry, J. '61. '63. Barrett, Curtis A. '56. Hubbard, George W. '50. '25. Baxter, Carlos '30. Hubbard, Henry G. '28. '66. Blackington ,WilliamS, '81. Jones, Henry M. '72. '98. Bump, Louis C. '65. Johnson, William H. '76. '63. Bush, Charles E. '25. Judd, Daniel '43. '53. Crocker, Charles T. '25. Lemmex, William H. '27. '26. Crowninshield, Francis '50. Little, Richard S. '24. B. '55. Lord, Charles V. '27. '82. Davis, Charles, M. [ '28. Macay, William S. . '07. '59. Davis, Samuel E. '81. Maddock, William S. '64. '08. Day, Clarence E. '93. Manuel, Frank A. '28. '65. Dewey, John J. '07. Martin, William J. '66. '63. Dewey, William S.^-- '49. IMorris, Edward W. '65. '98. Dinsmoor, Paul A. I '52. Morris, Ephraim " '67. •69. Dole, Charles '47. Nichols, Stephen H. '68. '41. Eaton, Roberts '55. Peake, Willis R. '81. '24. Emerson, Curtis A. '46. Pierce, Horace T. H. ■ '65. '64. Estey, Julius J. '64. Phillips, Henry M. '52 '77. Flint, Frank G. '24. Pitkin, Samuel L. '50. Foss, Obed '66. Potter. C. H. Rice, Charles Richards, Eber Richards, Nelson Sawyer, Francis A. Sill, Frederick Southmayd, Samuel G. Smith, Elias F. Stanyan, John M. Starr, Elihu W. N. Steadman, William L. Stearns, James K. Stebbins, Harrison Sterling, Theodore B. Swan, Benjamin Taylor, George W. Thomas, Thorpe R. Vernam, William S. Welles, Leonard R. Wellman, Samuel T. Wentworth, Charles E . Wheelwright, CharlesS. Whiting. Frank M. Wilmarth, William H. Wood, Charles H. Woodward, Solomon E. TEXTILE COMPANIES. Atlantic Mills. William Hooper, '76, Treas. Burlington Woolen Mills. (Vt.) Carlos Baxter, '25, Director. Cheney Brothers. (Conn). Charles H. Cheney. '80, Civil and Me- chanical Eng. A. G. Dewey Co. William S. Dewey, '65, Treas. John J. Dewey, '65, Pres. Hartford Woolen Co. (Vt.) Edward W. Morris, '49, Pres. Ephraim Morris, '52, Pres. Jackson Co. (N. H.) James S. Amory, '25, Treas. Laconia Knitting Needle Co. Harry W. Daniell, '73, Mgr. Lancaster Mills Co. (Mass.) James S. Amory, '25, Treas. Ludlow M'f g. Co. Charles E. Quimby, '91, Ch. Eng. Manchester Print Works. Charles Amory, '24, Treas. Merrimack M'f g. Co. Francis B. Crownshield, '24, Treas. Nashua M'f g. Co. (N. H.) James S. Amory, '25, Treas. Ottaquechee Woolen Co. (Vt.) Edward W. Morris, '49, Pres. Ephraim Morris, '52, Pres. Stark Mills. Charles Amory, '24, Pres. Winnepiseogee Lake Cotton Woolen M'f g. Co. Harry W. Daniell, '73, Agent. Winooski Cotton Mill Co. Joseph D. Allen, '25, Director. and MISCELLANEOUS COMPANIES. Altamont Realty Co. Franklin J. Saxe, '74, Director. American Extractor Co. Charles S. Wheelwright, '67, Pres. American Granite Saw Co. Leroy A. Chase, '03. Ch. Eng. Atlantic Coast Co. Franklin J. Saxe, '74, Sec. and Mgr. Bennington Security Co. George E. Donnelly, '95, Sec. Boston Back Bay Co. Charles Morton, '60, Supt. Boston Heating Co. • Charles Morton. '60, Supt. Crocker, Burbank & Co. (Mass.J • Charles T. Crocker. '53, Pres. Eastern Ice Co. Harry D. Stewart, '84, Sec. Estey Organ Co. Julius J. Estey, '64, Pres. Export Lumber Co. Franklin J. Saxe, '74, Mgr. Florida Land & Colonization Co. Frederick H. Rand, '64, Mgr. Gas Saving Co. William W. Howard, '65, Vice-Pres. and Mgr. Hudson Bay Co. John W. Dicks, '25, Captain on steamer. International Continuous Filterpress Co. Charles S. Wheelwright, '67, Pres. LUMBERMEN, FARMERS, PLANTERS AND RANCHMEN, 383 International Paper Co. Fred M. Goodhue, '91, Asst. Eng. Jordan, Marsh & Co. Henry C. Clark, '67, Asst. Mgr. Keith Paper Co. (Mass.) Charles T. Crocker, '53, Director. Lawrence Paper M'f 'g. Co. I'aul A. Dinsmoor, '98, Mgr. National Transit Co Willard L. Fuller, '02, Asst. Eng. New Orleans Gas Light Co. William S. Campbell, '28, Ch. Eng. Nockege Corporation Co. Charles T. Crocker, '53, Pres. Orswell Corporation Co. Charles T. Crocker, '53, Pres. Pacific Coast Creosoting Co. Horace C. Henry, 'ti4, Pres. E. Richards & Son. (Paper Mills) Eber Richards, '53, Pres. George P. Rowell Co. Charles N. Kent, 'G4, Mgr. Schiller Hubbard Co. William H. Hubbard, '52, Vice Pres. and Treas. Ticonderoga Pulp & Paper Co. Charles E. Bush, '63, Sec. Union Car Line. William W. Chandler, '43, Gen'l Mgr. George Wheelwright Paper Co. Charles S. Wheelwright, '67, Pres. H. C. White Co. Arthur H. Cushman, '96, Vice-Pres. F. M. Whiting Co. Frank M. Whiting, '68, Pres. LUMBERMEN. Twenty-one of the alumni have engaged in the lumber business. Curtis A. Emerson, '25, and Charles Rich, '23, were, for a number of years, prominent in the lumber business in Michi- gan. James E. Lindsey, '47, is one of the most prominent lum- ber manufacturers in the Middle West. Wilder W. Parker, '47, was one of the first to engage in the lumber business in Oregon. George O. Tyler, '57, of Burlington, Vt., was for many years an extensive lumber operator in Vermont and Canada. Harlan P. Sargent, '59, is a well known manufacturer of lumber in Maine. Franldin J. Saxe, '73, of New York City, is a well known wholesale lumber dealer, operating mills in various sections of this country ami Canada. Craig O. Burt, '04, is one of the most extensive himber manufacturers in Vermont. The following alumni have also engaged in the business with success: Fritz E. Adams, '57, Irving R. Bickford, '08, Gilbert W. Colby, '48, Francis R. Hall, '87, Edward Hatch, '50, Thomas Vk Loveland, '42, Asa Reynolds, '48, Eber Richards, '53, John T. Smith, '02, William H. Tucker, '72, Ellis P. Walcott, '64, George R. White, '52, Silas Wyman, '67. FARMERS, PLANTERS AND RANCHMEN. Captain Partridge was one of the first prominent educators of this country to give practical instruction in Agriculture. Nearly two hundred of the alumni and past cadets have engaged in farm- ing, planting, and ranching. For several years a large number of the cadets were from the South, many of whom gained prominence in this line of work. FARMERS, PLANTERS AND RANCHMEN. 385 Norman P. Gignilliat, '25, was one of the best known planters in Georgia, owning an estate of many thousand acres of land. Henry W. Cushman, '25, was a prosperous farmer in Northern Massachusetts, and took an active part in the establishing of the State Board of Agriculture. Wales Cheney, '25, became a promi- nent horticulturist in Western New York and Levi Hoppin, '25, was a well known stock raiser in Connecticut. Hugh S. Ball, '26, became a rich rice planter in South Carolina. William P. Smith, '26, was one of the most extensive cotton growers and slave owners in Louisiana. Albert W. Dunbar, '26, was a rich cotton planter in ^lississippi. George S. Webster, '26, and ]^ichard D. Smith, '26, l:)ecame rich planters in Cuba. William 11. Sanford, '26, was one of the most successful breeders of merino sheep in this countr}'. Stephen N. Routh, '26, was a well known planter in Louisiana. Francis Yates, '27, was a rich planter in West Virginia. Edward A. Phelps, '27, conducted for many years one of the finest stock farms in Connecticut. Richard J. Downing, '28, was a rich farmer in Pennsylvania. William G. Harding, '28, as owner of the " Belle Meade' ' stock farm in Tennessee, became one of the l^est known breeders of thoroughbred race horses in this country. Paul C. Cameron, '28, was one of the most prosper- ous planters in the south. He was the first president of the Agri- cultural Society of North Carolina, and did much to promote the agricultural interests of that state. James B. Whitefield, '29, was another well known planter in North Carolina. Daniel Thompson, '42, owner of the "Calumet Plantation" in Lou- isiana, Ijecame one of the most prosperous sugar planters in that state. Gustave A. Breaux, '47, and William P. Kellogg, '47, were also prominent sugar planters in Louisiana. Henry Han- cock, '43, was one of the most extensive ranch owners in Southern California. Bernard G. Farrar, '45, of St. Louis, Mo., was for many years a prominent i)lantation owner in ^lissouri. James W. Parker, '48, was a well known ranchman in Texas. Louis ^L Strobel, '51, was an extensive plantation owner in Texas. Edwin S. Stowell, '52, was a well known breeder of fine stock in Vermont. George E. Bryant, '54, conducted for man}^ years an extensive stock farm near Madison, Wis. Oscar H. Leland, '54, is an ex- tensive farmer in Texas. jMartin V. B. Wason, '54, was for many years a prominent ranchman and cattle owner in Colorado. Henry 10. Alvord, '63, was one of the best known farmers in this country. Rody Patterson, '63, as the owner of the "Springhurst" farm at Lexington, K}-., became one of the best known stock breeders in B86 NORWICH Ul^IVERSiTl^i the United States. Wesley K. Walton, '67, is a well known ranch- man and stock raiser in Utah, and George W. Metcalf, 73, is a prosperous cattle and sheep owner in Wyoming. George J. Spear, '73, has gained prominence in the nursery business in Colorado. Partridge, William Patterson, Rody Pearce, William Phelps, Edward A. Poor, Mark L. Porcher, Thomas C. Porter, Samuel H. Post, Eugene J. Preston, Sylvester iS. Richardson, Amos Rolfe, John M. Routh, Stephen N. Ruthford, Adolphus Sanford, William R. Shattuck, Abbott A Shattuck, Lemuel Shaw, Nathaniel S Shipp, William Sinkler, James Slafter, Judson Slay ton, Truman L. Smith, Alonzo E. Smith, Benjamin P. Smith, George C. Smith, Richard D. Smith, William P. Snow, Asa H. Spear, George J. Stiles, Eli G. Stone, John Stowell, Edwin S. Strobel, Louis M. Thompson, Charles S. Thompson, Daniel Thompson, Ebenezer Tracy, George A. Van Rensselaer, Henry Waite, Frederick T. Walton, Wesley K. Warring, Morton Warren, Stephen N Washington, Thos. B. Wason, Martin V. B. Watkins, Urbane D. Webb, George W. Webb, Thomas L. Webster, George S. Wheeler, Morrill D. Wheeler, Simeon Wheelock, Leroy G. Whitefield, James B Whitmore, Adin H. Willis, James F. Wilmarth, Albert W Wright, Chauncey Yates, Francis Edwin F. Johnson, '25, Frederick W. Russell, '51, James M. Stancliffe, and Alfred G. Hall, '55, were prominent in developing the red sandstone quarries of Portland, Conn. Daniel Judd, '25, was for many years engaged in the marble business in Middlebury, Vt. Irving C. Ellis, '01, has gained prominence as vice-president of the E. B. Ellis Granite Co. His company has had many large contracts. The most important work executed by this company 28. Adams, James'U. '27. Gill, John W. '49. 27. Alexander, HenryD.W. '65. Goddard, Samuel H. '63. 63. Alvord, Henry E. '56. Guild, Edwin '25. 46. Ashe, Thomas P. '26. Gervais, John L. '27. 25. Baker, James '26. Hale, Osmer '00. 26. Ball, Hugh S. '61. Hall, Josiah •26. 28. Barnard, E. Henry '78. Halsey, Henry J. T. 'r-2. 26. Barrow, Bennett H. '52. Harding, Samuel B. '43. 27. Baylor, Richard G. '28. Harding, William G. •52. 28. Baxter, Carlos '46. Haskell, Henry L. S. '46. 67. Benson, Seth H. '76. Hatch, Francis C. '59. 47. Breaux, Gustave A. '26. Heriot, James '26. 54. Brownell, Thomas S. '53. Herrick, Henry O. '26. 54. Bryant, George E. '97. Hill, Guilford H. '26. 55. Buell, Bela S. '27. Hobson, Thomas S. '64. 64. Buell, James W. '04. Holden, Ira L. '39. 67. Burnham, Henry C. '27. Holmes, Arthur F '55. 73. Burt, Henry A. '25. Hoppin, Levi '27. 56. Buttrick, George '28. Howard, Augustus '26. 28. Cameron, Paul C. '07. Hoyt, David C. '47. 28. Cameron, Thomas A . '51. Hunsden, Charles '48. 26. Caraway, George E. '69. Hutchinson, John D. '56. 25. Cheney, Wales '51. Jackson, John C. '79. 26. Clark, Henry E. W. '03. Janvrin, Louis H. '48. 48. Colby, Gilbert W. '81. Jennings, William A. '26. 26. Collins, William F. '08. Jilson, Adin H. '26. 65. Cowles, Henry E. S. '26. Johnston, Daniel P. '41. 25. Cushman, Henry W. '26. Johnston, McKewn '73. 41. Cushman, Simeon S. '07. Jones, Nelson R. '66. 50. Cutts, Edward H. '47. Kellogg, Willam P. '38. 66. Daniels, Willis K. '26. Kemp, James '52. '45. Dean, Charles K. '51. Kingsbury, Charles F. '51. 81. Deering, George E. '25 Leavenworth, Nathan '26. '61. DePoincy, William J. B. '42. 10. Dewey, Frank S. '54. Leland, Oscar H. '26. 26. DeWolf, Henry G. '28. Little, George '92. 69. Dole, Charles '48. Loveland, Reuben S. '27. 38. Dow, Simon '64. McCulloch, Frederick '49. '27. Downing, Richard J. H. '67. 27. DuBuose, Theodore S. '28. McDermott, Charles '26. 26. Dunbar, Albert W. '28. Mcintosh, George H. '41. 38. Dyer, Jay '26. McNeil, Stephen D. '27. 26. Edings, Benjamin '26. Macay, William S. '56. '26. Edings, Joseph '41. Major, Augustine L.C. '43. '26. Edings, William '46. Merrick, Roswell E. '49. '27. Edwards, William J. '73. Metcalf, George W. '26. '45. Farrar, Bernard G. '55. Miller, Henry G. '26. '50. Fifield, Samuel N. '51. Mower, Albion J. '03. '27. Fitts, Oliver D. •54. Munson, William D. '40. '39. Fletcher, Friend P. '41. Nalle, Benjamin F. '08. '32. Flmt, Martin M. '47. Newman, Asahel C. '29. '55. French, George B. '26. Palmer, John G. '64. '07. Frink, Noah '47. Parker, Freeman '24. '64. Fuller, Lloyd B. '48. Parker. George W. '65. '25. Gignilliat, Norman P, ■48. Parker, James W. '39. '56. Gile, Independence '26. Parsons, George A. QUARRYMEN. •27. SAILORS AND SEA CAPTAINS. .••i87 was the furnishing of the granite for the new Pennsylvania station in Washington, D. C. Douglass M. Barclay, '01, is a member of the firm of Barclay Brothers of Barre, Vt., one of the largest gran- ite manufacturing companies, and operators of quarries in the world. Eight of the alumni have engaged in building and cabinet work. SAILORS AND SEA CAPTAINS. Several of the cadets followed the sea as a livelihood. John W. Dicks, '24, became a well known sea captain, visiting nearly every seaport in the world. Nathaniel Lord. '24, was another prominent sea captain. James Murdock, '24, was for many years a captain in the East India Trade and was later in command of ships running between Boston and Liverpool. William Pearce, '25, was for many years a prominent sea captain. Isaac T. Smith, '28, was for several years on ships in the East Indies. Lyman B. Carter, '47 was a sailor many years in the China seas, where he lost his life by falling from a mast during a storm. Frederick T. Ward, '49, was in command of a sailing ship when but sixteen years of age. Edmund Rice, '60, also served for some time as a sailor in the China seas. Edward Mc C Peters, '80, was for many years master of ships in South America trade. The other cadets following the sea were William C. Denison, '27: Lloyd B. Cooper, '28; Charles E. Phelps, '28; Orlando D. Simonds, '49; Daniel S. Stanwood, '50; W. C. Blanchard, '55; William B. Eaton, '66; Eugene A. Stowell, '68; William R. Curtis, '77; John Rushlow, '9.3. Camp Scene, 1909. 388 NORWICH LINIVKUSITV, (iiiilford H. Hathaway, '24; Charles Clapp, '25 and Charles E. Tilton '48 were well known ship builders. The service of the cadets with steam boat companies is as follows : Bangor & Boston Steamship Co. William B. Eaton, 'G6, Purser. Bay Line Steamship Co. Moncure Robinson, '24, Pres. Cape Fear & Deep River Navigation Co. Henry A. London, '28, Pres. Connecticut River Steam & Canal Boat Co. Truman B. Ransom, '25, Ch. Eng. Iron Steamboat Co. Grenville M. Dodge, '51, Director. National Lighterage Co. Franklin J. Saxe, '74, Director. Neuce River Line (N. C). James B. Whitefield, '29, (Owner) Ohio River Barge Line. Valentine B. Horton, '25, Pres. Oregon R. R. & Navigation Co. Charles E. Tilton, '48, Member of Com. pany. Pacific Coast Steamship Co. William R. Curtis, '77, Purser Tampa Bay Steamship Co. Frederic H. Rand, '65, Gen'l Freight and Passenger Agent FINE ARTS. Several of the cadets have become well known in the de- })artment of Fine Arts. Henry H. Ciishman, '96 is vice-president of the H. C. White Co., manufacturers of stereographs. L. P. ]-5ooth, '97 is a well known photographer of Providence, R. I. Nathan L. Pennock, '32, Thomas M. Dewey, '32, and W. W. Chandler, '45, were prominent "singing school" teachers in New England. Charles S. Ball, '38, and Capt. Augustus L. Papanti, '67, were accomplished violin players. Captain Papanti was also for many years the most famous dancing master in Boston. Harlie J. Huntoon, '75, and George Donnelly, '95, have successfully conducted orchestras for several years. Edwy W. Foster, '59, and William V. B. Thompson, '79, were well known composers of nnisic. Truman B. Ransom, '25, Edwin Perkins, '28, and Edwin Sturtevant, '28, were prominent music teachers in various sections of the country. William H. Wilmarth, '84, is an ac- complished organist. Isaac B. Alexander '27, was a portrait artist of ability. William B. Boggs, '27, became one of the most prominent amateur painters in the navy. Edgar Parker, '59, was for many years one of the best known portrait painters in Boston. William H. Wilmarth, '84, is an accomplished artist and is now perfecting his art in Milan, Italy. Jacob A. Vogel, '48, became a well known actor. Joseph D. Brennan, '78, is an accomplished actor. E. F. Murdock was for many years a successful theatrical manager and Arthur J. McKay, '07, is meeting with success in this line of work. George R. Miner, '84, has gained prominence as dramatic editor of the New York Herald. ARCHITECTS — AUTHORS. 389 A nunil)er of the alumni gained prominence as architects. Joel Amsden '35, was for many years a well known architect in Scranton, Pa. William R. Mead, '64, of the firm of McKim, Mead & White of New York city, is one of the most prominent architects in this country. His company has made the plans for many of the finest buildings in this country, the most notable being the Boston Public Library, Madison Square Garden, New York City; Columbia University Library; Municipal Building, New York City; U. S. Post Office Building, New York City; the White House, (reconstruction), and Madison Square Pres- byterian church, New York City. Fred T. Austin, '88, has made the plans for many buildings in New England, and was the architect of the U. S. Government's refrigeration plant at Manila, P. L J. Albert Holmes, '95, has gained prominence as a land- scape architect. AUTHORS. Eighty of the men have been employed in the field of litera- ture. Ebenezer B. Williston, '23, was the author of an edition of "Tacitus," and the "Eloquence of the United States," a work of five volumes. Benjamin M. Tyler, '23, was the author of several valuable text books and Theophilus Fiske, '23, was a well known writer on theological and philosophical subjects. James H. Ward, '23, became one of the ablest writers on military subjects in this country. John W. Prentiss, '23, was a member of the firm of J. & J. W. Prentiss, well known publishers of Keene, N. H. Orestes A. Brownson, '24, was one of the most prolific writers in New England on philosophical and political subjects; and Edwin F. Johnson, '25, was a distinguished writer on engineering and scientific subjects. John C. Holbrook, '25, and Truman B. Ransom, '25, were authors of IMilitary Tactics and other military publications. John C. Holbrook, '25, was for several years engaged in the puljlishing business, and was the author of " Recol- lections of a Nonagenarian," and several religious and historical articles. Gideon Welles, '26, was a prominent writer on political subjects. His "Diary," has just been published in the Atlantic Monthhj. William Duane, '26, was the author of several historical works, and William H. Brisbane, '26, a writer on religious and political subjects. Bernard Shipp, '27, became an authority on the early Spanish explorations in America. His library, valued at $100,000, was lately presented to the University of Virginia. Frederick A. Porcher, '27, was an authority on South 390 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. Carolina history and John P. Jones, '27, the author of several law books. John T. Blois, '27, wrote several historical works. Philip Phillips, '28, was a prolific writer, on law subjects and Ralph L. North, '28, was also a prominent author of law works. Luther R. Marsh, '28, was a well known writer on philosophical, religious and political subjects. George M. Colvocoresses, '31, was the author of works on travel, and Alonzo A. Miner, '33, the writer of many religious works. Benjamin F. Marsh, '35, was the writer of several mathe- matical works. Alonzo Jackman, '36, published several pamph- lets on mathematical subjects. Josiah Swett, '37, was the author of several text books, religious and literary works. Cyrus H. Fay, • • Pennsylvania R. R. Station, New York City, McKim, Mead and White, Architects. '37, was the author of several poems, and religious and historical articles. Luther J. Fletcher, '41, was a prolific writer of religious and literary works. George H. Derby, '42, under the pen name of "JohnPhoenix," became one of the greatest of American humorists. William W. H. Davis, '42, wrote several historical, and Nathan B. Webster, '43, several scientific works. Orlando D. Miller, '45, was a prolific writer on religious and archaeological subjects. William H. Tucker, '47, was the author of the " History of Hart- ford, Vt.," and several historical articles. Luther S. Dixon, '48, was the writer of several volumes of the Wisconsin Reports and of many articles on law subjects. Henry W. Holley, '50, wrote several volumes of poems. Sullivan H. McCollester, '51, is the author of several works on travel ; and is also a frequent contributor to the religious and edu- AUTHORS. 391 cational press of the country. Grenville M. Dodge, '51, has written many articles on engineering and military subjects. Henry O, Kent, '54, was the author of many poems and many of his addresses on historical, military and political subjects have been published. Granville P. Conn, '54, is the author of "New Hampshire Surgeons in the Rebellion," and many historical and medical articles. Oscar H. Leland, '54, is the author of a valuable work on the genealogy of the Leland family; and Egbert Phelps, '55, is the writer of several poems. William R. Huntington, '56, was the author of many religious works. Henry A. Robbins, '60, is the author of several medical and historical articles. Charles A. Curtis, '61, wrote several poems, historical articles, and novels. Theodore H. Kellogg, '62, is the author of several medical text books and monographs on medical and scientific subjects. Henry E. Alvord, '63, was a well known writer on agriculture. Lemuel A. Abbott, '64, was the author of the " Abbott Genealogy,' ' and several historical articles. Dwight H. Kelton, '64, published several historical works. Charles N. Kent, '64, was the author of the "History of the Seventeenth New Hampshire Regiment," and several historical articles. George P. Colvocoresses, '66, is the author of several articles on military and historical subjects, and William R. Cutter, '68, is a prominent genealogical and historical writer. George D. Thomas, '76, is the author of several poems. Malverd A. Howe, '82, has gained prominence as a writer of engi- neering text books, and Nelson L. Sheldon, '84, has published several articles on historical subjects. '64. Abbott, Lemuel A. '27. '63. Alvord, Henry E. '50. 47. Balloch, George W. '29. '25. Binney, Charles J. F. '29. '27. Blois, John T. '69. '46. Bridge, Norman D. '25. '26. Brisbane, William H. '45. '24. Brownson, Orestes A. '31. Colvocoresses, Geo. M. '85. '66. Colvocoresses, Geo. P. '78. '54. Conn, Granville P. '25. '61. Curtis, Charles A. '25. '25. Cushman, Henry W. '27. '68. Cutter, William R. '50. '42. Davis, William W. H. '82. '42. Derbv, George H. '56. '61. DePoincy, William J. 67. '48. DLxon, Luther S. '36. '51. Dodge, Grenville .M. '25. '45. Dow, Roswell '29. 26. Drake, Charles D. '27. '26. Duane, William '62. '52. Elliot, George H. '64. '98. Ellis, George H. '64. '37. Fay. Cyrus H. '54. '23. Fiske, Theophilus '23. '41. Flint, Ephraim '41. '41. Fletcher, Luther J. Frazer, John Fries '54. Gray, Ormando W. '58. Habershan,RichardW. '51. Hale, Osmer Hathaway ,Clarence L. '35. Hayes, Augustus A. '28. Hemenway, Stillman '52. R. '45. Hersey, Henry B. '33. Hiland, Frank E. '83. Holbrook, John '38. Holbrook, John C. '23. Holley, George W. '28. Holley, Henry W. '28. Howe, Malverd A. '27. Huntington,WilliamR. '23. Hurlbut, Myron R. '04. Jackman, Alonzo '25. Johnson, Edwin F. '60. Johnson, Richard B. '51. Jones, John P. '71. Kellogg, Theodore H. '26. Kelton, Dwight H. '28. Kent, Charles N. '29. Kent, Henry O. '27. Kimball, Oilman '25. Lander, Frederick W. '64. Leland, Oscar H. Lawrence, Arthur MeCollester, Sullivan H. Marsh, Benjamin F. Marsh, Luther R. Merrill, Edward B. Miller, Orlando D. Miner, Alonzo A. Miner, George R. Moore, John H. Newton, Calvin P. North, Ralph L. Phillips, Philip Porcher, Frederick A. Prentiss, John W. Rainey, Homer E. C. Ransom, Truman B. Robbins, Henry A. Russell, Frederick W. Scott, Adrian Sedgwick, Theodore Seymour, Horatio Seymour, Thomas H. Shipp, Bernard Sigourney,Henr>-H.W. Slay ton, Henry L. 392 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. '29. Smith, Isaac T. '37. Swett, Josiah '23. Ward, James H. '47. Standish, James V. N. '70. Thomas, George D. '55. Waterman, Arba N. '25. Stockbridge, Joseph '27. Trowbridge, ThomasR. '43. Webster, Nathan B. '50. Stanyan, John M. '47. Tuclier, William H. '26. Welles, Gideon '65. Stoddard, Edward L. '23. Tyler, Benjamin M. ORATORS. '23. '34. Williston, Ebenezer B Wright, Horatio Gates The following number of alumni attained great prominence as orators: Valentine B. Horton, '25, Truman B. Ransom, '25, Edwin F. Johnson, '25, William A. Beach, '26, Gideon Welles, '26, Ed- ward Stanley, '27, Horatio Seymour, '26, Thomas Bragg, '28, Philip Phillips, '28, Thomas H. Seymour, '29, Jefferson P. Kidder, '32, Cyrus H. Fay, '37, Luther J. Fletcher, '41, William L. Lee, '42, Henry O. Kent, '54, Edward L. Stoddard, '54 and Samuel H. Greene, '65. The following cadets were popular lecturers: Theophilus Fiske, '23, Orestes A. Brownson, '24, William H. Brisbane, '26, Luther J. Fletcher, '41, Sullivan H. McCollester, '51. Henry L. Slayton, '64, was for many years the popular manager of the Slayton Lyceum Lecture Bureau in Chicago. EDITORS AND PUBLISHERS. Fifty-four of the alumni and past cadets have been editors and proprietors of papers. Joseph Stockbridge, '23, was editor of papers in Boston and New York; Theophilus Fiske, '23, in New England and the South; Daniel H. Bingham, '23, in Alabama. John C. Holbrook, '25, was editor of the Congregational Herald. Gideon Welles, '26, as editor of the Hartford Times of Connecticut, wielded great political influence. William H. Brisbane, '26, was editor of papers in various sections of the country. William Syme, '26, as editor of the Petersburg Intelligencer in Virginia and the Raleigh Register in North Carolina, wielded great political influence in the South. Thomas H. Seymour, '29, was the editor of the Jeffer- sonian of Hartford, Conn. John J. Hyde, '29, was one of the associ- ate editors of the Neiv York World. Alonzo Jackman, '26, and Josiah Swett, '37, were associated in publishing the Citizen Soldier in Norwich, Vt. Jonathan Tarbell, '39, was the editor of the Northern Standard of Keeseville, N. Y., and the Oswego, N. Y., Times. William W. H. Davis, '42, was the editor of the Santa Fe, New Mexico Gazette, one of the first papers printed in the Territory. Lie was also for many years editor of the Doylestown Democrat. Edward M. Brown, '44, gained prominence as editor of the Spirit of the Age, in Woodstock, Vt.,the Vermont Patriot in Montpelier, PRINTERS AND PUBLISHERS. 393 Vt., and the Delia i)ublished at New Orleans, La., in the interest of the Union Army; and the Vermont Watchman in Montpelier, Vt. DaN-id K. Noyes, '45, was editor of the Bariboo, Wis., Republic, the first i)ai)er established in that city. Julius C. Cliandler, '45, was editor of several newspapers in Wisconsin. Henry W. HoUey, '")(), was editor of tlie Chatfield, Minn., Republican and Henry O. Kent, '54, the Coos Republican of Lancaster, N. H. William S. Burton, '55, Avas the editor of the North Adams Transcript. Oscar E. Learnard, '55, became prominent as the editor and pul)- lislier of the Lawrence, Kansas, Daily Journal. William A. Tread- well, '57, served for some years as military editor of the Neio York Press. Arthur Chase, '56, and Thomas .J. Lasier, '64, were editors of the National Eagle, Claremont, N. H., Harlan P. Davidson, '67, was, for some time, editor of papers in New Jersey. Charles Marseilles, '67, has gained prominence as editor of the Exeter, N. H. News Letter and the Kingston, N. Y., Daily Freeman and Weekly Journal. George D. Thomas, '76, was for several years assistant editor of the Boston Herald. Harry C. Dele, '77, is the editor of the West Jersey Press, Camden N. J. David T. AYinton, '81, was for several years editor of papers in Michigan and Con- necticut. John W. Ramsay, '83, served as editor of the Granite City Leader, Barre, Vt. George R. Miner, '83, has gained promi- nence in this profession. He has served as Sunday editor of the New York World, and Herald; editor of the Cosmopolitan Magazine. He is at present manager of the London edition of the New York Herald. L. B. Johnson, '88, as editor of the Randolph, Vt., Herald and Charles W. Pierce as editor of the Waltham, Mass. Evening News are gaining prominence in the profession. Pierce, Charles W. Pierce, Warren A. Prentiss, John W. Ramsay, John W. Seymour, Thomas H. Slay ton, Henry L. Stockbritlge, Joseph Sweeney, Henry C. Swett. Josiah Syme, John W. Tarbell, Jonathan Thomas, George D. Treadwell, William A. Upham, Edward D. Warner, Stanley M. Welles, Gideon ' Wentworth,Charles E. Winton,Da\-idT, 74. Adams, Solon '77. Dole, Harry 0. '92. '06. Barrett, Carl A. •87. Egertou, Frederick T •93. '24. Bingham, Daniel H. •98. Ellis, G. Harold '23. '26. Brisbane, William H. '23. Fiske, Theophilus '83. '44. Brown, Edward M. '1)7. Gibson, James '29. '6.-J. Brown, Leonard B. 'T.i. Hadley, George W. '64. '20. Burdett, Charles '25. Holbrook, John C. '23. '.5.5. Bvirton, AViiliam S. '.50. Holley, Henry W. '91. '89. Chamberlain, Ben H. '27. Huntington, Erastus '37. '45. Chamiler, Julius C. '23. Hutchinson, Henry S. '27. '56. Chase, Arthur '29. Hyde, John J. '.39. '91. Child, Robert A. '36. Jackman, Alonzo •76. '46. Cole, Daniel B. '88. Johnson, Luther B. '57. •69. Cooke, Albert W. '.54. Kent, Henry 0. •74, '45. Crowninshield.John E. '55. Learnard, Oscar E. •48. •69. Currier. Frank P. '64. Lasier. Thomas J. '26. •42. Davis, W^illiam W\ H. •67. Marseilles, Charles •65. •67. DaATdson, Harlan P. '83. Miner, George R. '81. •98. Dinsmoor, Paul A, •45. Noyes, David K. 394 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. LIBRARIANS. Several of the graduates followed library work as a profession. Charles R. Lowell, '26, was for a number of years assistant libra- rian of the Boston Athenaeum Library. Benjamin H. Rhodes, '25, served for many years as librarian of the Redwood Library, Newport, R. I. John H. T. Magruder, '26, was for a number of years librarian of the State Library of Maryland. Oren Marsh, '32, was the first state librarian of Michigan. Sumner A. Howard, '39, served for many years as librarian of the Danvers, Mass., public library. William R. Cutter, '68, is one of the best known librarians in Massachusetts, serving for many years as librarian of the Woburn library. He is now its librarian emeritus. SECRET SOCIETIES. A large number of the alumni have been prominent in the Masonic Lodge. The following cadets attained the 33d degree: William B. Huggins, '29, William C. Belcher, '40; George W. Balloch, '47; Sewall Truax, '53; Henry 0. Kent, '54, Sayles Nichols, '55; George O. Tyler, '57 and Howard F. Hill, '67. Wil- liam F. Collins, '28, was Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of North Carolina; and William C. Belcher, '40, and George O. Tyler, '57, held the same office in California and Quebec, respec- tively. A large nimiber of the cadets have been prominent in the Knights Templar, where their military training has been of great advantage, as eminent commanders. Several of the cadets have been prominent in the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. Josiah Marvin, '39, was Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of INIinnesota. Several of the alumni have gained prominence in the Knights of Pythias, especially in the Uniform Ranks. Thomas H. Nickerson, '84, was Grand Chancellor of the Grand Lodge of Georgia. Harry W. Daniell, '73, served for some time as colonel and inspector general of the Uniform Ranks of New Hampshire. CHAPTER IX. The Military Service of the Alumxi and Past Cadets of Norwich University. The Purpose of the Academy — History of Military Schools Founded ijy Captain Partridge and Norwich Men — Black Hawk War — Seminole War — Mexican War — Civil War — Spanish-American War — Service in the U. S. Army and Navy — Foreign Service — Roll of Honor — Service in the State Militia. As stated in previous chapters, the American Literary, Scientific and Military Academy was founded by Captain Partridge to furnish the young men of our country an institution where they could receive a thorough military training, as well as a technical education. It was not the purpose of the founder of our college to so teach the military work as to create a desire to follow the pro- fession as a life work; but rather to encourage the cadets to become citizen soldiers, and be ready in case of need to fight for the country, if war was declared or insurrections occurred. To learn how well the cadets have follo^^•ed out the plan of education instituted by Captain Partridge, one has only to study the long Roll of Honor appended to this chapter. Captain Partridge was the first to advocate the instruction of the young men of this country in the art of war; and to carry out his plan founded several military schools in various sections of the country, as feeders for the main Institution at Norwich. Several of the graduates also founded schools. Through the training received by the young men in these academies, the coun- try, both North and South received great benefit during the Civil War. Brief histories of the various schools so far as known are given below. The New Jersey Institution was founded in Orange, N.' J., in the summer of 1828, by Truman B. Ransom, '25, and Elisha Dunbar, '25, and was opened for the reception of students in August, of the same year. On March 14, 1880, Professor Dunbar died, and in a short time the school was discontinued. A com- plete military course was given. 396 norwich university. The Jefferson Military College, Washington, Missis- sippi. In 182S, the trustees of this Institution secured Professor K. B. Williston, '23, as president and Maj. John Holbrook, '25, as superintendent of the Scientific Department. ]\Iajor Holbrook soon introduced the military system as carried out in Norwich, Vermont. In April, 1832 President Williston resigned, owing to ill health, and Major Holbrook was elected as his successoi-, holding tlie position until his death in August, the same year. Prof. Truman B. Ransom, '25, who had been appointed pro- fessor of Mathematics and Tactics early in 1832, was appointed acting president to have full charge of the Institution until Captain Partridge, who had been elected as Major Plolbrook's successor, could assume the office. Captain Partridge finding that he could not give all of his time to the management of the college, soon resigned and Professor Ransom continued as acting president until 1834 when he resigned the position and returned to Norwich. The college was very prosperous for several years. The Literary, Scientific and Military Academy of Fayetteville, N. C, was opened by Col. Truman B. Ransom' 25, May 1, 1830, and conducted by him until August, 1831, when all the buildings were burned. The Academy was conducted in a manner similar to the main Institution in Norwich, Vermont, and was supervised by a " council of advice' ' consisting of five members. The Academy was very prosperous, having students from all parts of the South. Owing to his heavy loss in this fire. Colonel Ransom was unable to rebuild, and the Academy was suspended. The Star of Raleigh, N. C, under date of December 2, 1830, gives a very interesting account of a march made by Captain Ransom's cadets to Raleigh in November, 1830. Exhibition drills were given before the govei-nor and the state legislature. A detachment of cadets from the Oxford, (N. C.) Literar}^, Scientific and Military Academy under command of Captain Daniel H. Bingham, '23, was also in Raleigh at the same time. The Oxford Literary, Scientific and Military Academy was founded in Oxford, N. C, in the early part of 1830, by Daniel H. l^ingham, '23. Very little data has been preserved of this school. A detachment of cadets, under command of Cap- tain Bingham, visited Raleigh, November 25, 1830, the same date Captain Ranson was present with his corps. The Star gives a very complete account of the visit. The cadets of the two academies received the praise of the state papers foi- their soldierly bearing and their proficiency in drill. military schools founded by norwich men. 397 The Vikcima Literary, .Scientific and ^Iilitary Academy was founded in Portsmouth, Va., in 1S39 1)Y Captain Alden Part- ridge. The academy was soon recognized In' the state and was aided by an appropriation from the literary fund. The academy was conducted by Captain Partridge until 1856, when the school was discontinued. For several years the institution was very prosperous. Many of the graduates and past cadets became promi- nent in civil and military life. The work of this academy was con- ducted almost entirely by the graduates of " N. U.' ' We give the names of the Norwich men, so far as known, who were connected with the school. Superintendents: Johnson Shedd, '3S, 1839- February, 1842; Nathan B. Webster, '43, February, 1842-June, 1843, June 1844-46; William W. H. Davis, '42, June, 1843-June, 1844; Commandant: Andrew J. Doin, '41, 1842-44; Professors: Oel A. Buck, '42, 1842-44; W. W. H. Davis, '42, 1842-44; Andrew J. Dorn, '41, 1842-44; William L. Lee, '42, 1842-43; Johnson Shedd, '38, 1839-42; Nathan B. Webster, '43, 1841-46; Simeon Wheeler, '40, 1841-43. The Collegiate and Commercial Institute was founded by General William H. Russell in New Haven, Conn., about 1840. The aim of the school was to give a thorough preparation for college and business. General Russell followed closely in the footsteps of his old instructor Captain Partridge, paying especial attention to drill and the study of tactics. This was, so far as known, the first military school founded in New England, out side of the old A. L. S. & M. Academy. The school attained a high reputation on account of the many successful competitive drills with other military organizations in the state. Between three and four thousand cadets attended the school, many attaining tlistinction in civil life and the army. The Pennsylvania Literary, Scientific and Military Academy was opened in Bristol, Pa., September 5, 1842, Ijy Cap- tain Partridge, and was conducted by him until April, 1845, when the school was discontinued and opened at Harrisburg, Pa., on April 14, of the same year. This Academy was conducted by the graduates and past cadets of '' N. U.' ' Henry V. Morris, '36, served as professor of Mathematics and Tactics, 1843-45; Alvin E. Bovay, '41, was in charge of the Classical Department, 1843-44. Edward M. Brown, '44, was instructor of Mathematics, April, 1844- April, 1845. The Pennsylvania Military Institute was opened by Captain Partridge in Harrisburg, Pa., April 14, 1845. On Jan- 398 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. nary 31, 1845, he wrote Mr. William Ayres, of Harrisbiirg in regard to moving his school from Bristol to that city. A meeting was soon held in the Court House in Harrisburg which was largely attended. General Adam Diller, Adjutant General of the State, promised the loan of the necessary arms and equipment. On February 18, 1845, Captain Partridge visited the city and made the final arrangements, and in April, the military school in Bristol was closed and removed to Harrisburg. The old " Temperance Hotel' ' on State and Second streets was secured for the Institute and the school was opened for the reception of students April 1-1, 1845. Prof. Charles E. Partridge, a grachiate of Dartmouth College, class of 1844, and a native of Norwich, Vermont, was given charge of the Classical and English Departments; Prof. Jabez C. Crooker, " N. U.' ' '43, was secured as commandant and professor of Mathe- matics and Military Science and Tactics; Otis S. Tenney, " N. U.," '45, as assistant professor and Edwin S. Perkins, a graduate of the old " Academy,' ' class of 1828, as instructor in ]\lusic and Fenc- ing. In 1846, Professor Crooker resigned and Frederick W. Partridge, " N. U.,'' '45, succeeded him as commandant, and in the same year Professor Tenney resigned. The school was then managed by a committee of visitation, appointed by Captain Partridge, May 27, 1845, consisting of William Ayres, chairman, Dr. Luther Reily, Gen. C. Seiller, James McCormick, Esq., and Francis Wyeth. Captain Partridge never had the active manage- ment, and only visited the Institute at stated periods to deliver his course of lectures on military subjects. In September, 1846, Professor Partridge was appointed superintendent, and in the early part of 1847, owing to failing health, he was forced to resign. In March, 1847, Professor F. W. Partridge resigned to enlist in the state troops for the Mexican War. The visitation committee hired a Mr. Long to act as principal until the end of the academic year. In the fall of 1847, a strenuous effort was made to continue the school on a sounder basis. Captain Partridge secured Prof. James W. Phillips, a graduate of the Institution in Norwich, as principal, and the institute was opened, September 6, 1847. The attendance was small, and the last public notice of the school was on the occa- sion of the firing of the National salute, February 22, 1848. A regular collegiate course was given, especial attention being given to Mathematics and Military Science. The uniform con- sisted of a hussar jacket of dark blue cloth, with standing collar; a single row sHver bullet buttons in front; single buttons at the cuffs and side of collar. In the winter the corps wore dark blue MILITARY SCHOOLS FOUNDED BY NORWICH MEN. 399 clotli pantaloons and in the summer white. The cap was bhie, encircled with a broad gold band. Several extended marches were made. A literary society, called the Philomathian was conducted by the cadets, each mem- ber wearing the Greek letter in brass on the cap. This society conducted a paper. The entire attendance cannot be given accurately, but from the imperfect rolls, the names of 102 cadets have been preserved. Of this number six died before the Civil War and 52 or 54 percent of the students entered the service. Fourteen held rank from first lieutenant to colonel in the regu- lar army; one became medical director of the U. S. Navy, and five served as surgeons in the U. S. Army. One (Holman, later a cadet at Norwich) served as chaplain of the 48th Pennsylvania regiment. One was a surgeon in the Russian Army during the Cri- mean War, and received the Imperial Decoration for his services. Several of the cadets became prominent in civil life. The record made by this Institute adds further renown to the remarkable work of Captain Partridge and his " Norwich Cadets." The Arrow Rock Military Academy, Missouri, was con- ducted in Arrow Rock, Saline County, Missouri, for a few years in the early forties, by Asa C. Marvin, '39. Unfortunately very little data has been preserved in regard to this school. The St. Louis (Missouri) Military Academy was founded early in 1844 by Andrew J. Dorn, '41, and was the first military school located west of the Allegheny Mountains. Professor Dorn was soon joined by his classmate, James V. A. Shields, in the management of the academy. In 1845, Captain Partridge visited the academy and delivered his lectures before the cadets. On June 18, 1846, Professor Dorn was commissioned 1st lieutenant in Wrightman's Artillery of IMissouri Volunteers for the Mexican War; and the management''of the academy was given to Professor Shields. Owing to the unsettled conditions of the times, the academy became reduced in number and in the fall of 1846, Professor Shields gave up the school. For a time the school w^as very prosperous and it is stated that a number of the cadets served in the Mexican and Civil Wars. The North Carolina Literary, Scientific and Military Academy was founded in Raleigh, N. C, in 1844. Very little data has been preserved in regard to this academy. The Raleigh Register and North Carolina Gazette of January 24, 1845, gives a very complete prospectus of the school. Robert Gray and Oel A. Buck, '42, were principals during 1844-46. Robert Gray 400 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. was professor of English and the Classical languages; (). A. Buck, professor of Mathematics and Tactics; and JS. N. Botsford, professor of Experimental Chemistry and Philos()j)hy. The arms and equipment were furnished by the state. In 1846, Professor Buck resigned, and Simon M. Preston, '45, succeeded him as professor of Mathematics and Tactics. After a service of one year Professor Preston resigned. The attendance at this academy was small, and in 1847 it was closed. The Raleigh Classical, Mathematical and Military Academy was founded in Raleigh, N. C, about 1844. The classi- cal department was in charge of Professor Jefferson M. Lovejoy, a former cadet of the old " Academy' ' and a native of Sharon, Vt. Prof. W. F. Disbrow had charge of the Mathematical aud ]\Iilitary work until 1847, when Simon M. Preston, '45, succeeded to the I)osition. Professor Preston resigned, in 1849, to accept a [)ro- fessorship at " N. U." During 1844-49. the school was very prosperous, the average attendance being aljout 100 cadets each year. The academy was suspended about 1860. Several of the cadets gained prominence in the Civil War. The Wilmington Literary, Scientific and ]\Iilitary Academy. In January, 1846, on the solicitation of several of the prominent citizens of Wilmington, Del., Captain Partridge opened this academy in that city. Maj. 0. S. Tenney, '45, was appointed principal and served until June, 1846, when he resigned. The management was then given to Captain Jabez Crooker, '43, and George W. F. Emerson, '43. Captain Crooker resigned in September, 1847 and returned to ^^ermont. This school was discontinued in the spring of 1848. Mt. Sterling Literary, Scientific and Military Academy was opened in Old Fort jMason, Mt. Sterling, Ky., in September, 1847 by Maj. O. S. Tenny, '45. He conducted the school until 1849. The attendance was about 75. A number of the cadets served in the Civil War. The Scientific and Military Collegiate Institute was opened by Captain Alden Partridge in Reading, Penn., on April 1, 1850. The school was located on North Fourth Street, and was under the mangement of Prof. Erasmus G. Rehrer, '49. and J. B. Batchelder, '49. A very complete course in Civil Engineering and jNlilitary Science was given. The school was very prosperous for a few years. It was discontinued about 1850. A number of the cadets served in the Civil War. In 1850, Captain Partridge opened the Gynmasium and MILITARY SCHOOLS FOUNDED BY NORWICH MEN. 401 Military Institute at Pembroke, N. H., and William W. Benjamin, '49, was appointed superintendent, serving until 1S53, when the school was closed. The Virginia Collegiate Institute was opened in Ports- mouth, Va., by Prof. N. B. Webster, '43, in 1850, as a successor to the \'irginia Literary, Scientific and Military Academy, closed in 1849. This institution was conducted by Professor Webster, with marked success until 1862, when owing to the Civil War, he was forced to close the school. A large numl^er of the cadets ; erved in the Civil War. The National Scientific and jMilitaky Academy was opened by Captain Partridge in Brandywine Springs, Del., on ]\Iay 16, 1853. William W. Benjamin, '49, served as assistant superintendent and professor of Mathematics and ^lilitary Tactics; Daniel McFarland, '51, as professor of Logic, Belles- Lettres and Elocution and Willis R. Peake, '53, as acting adju- tant. Complete courses in Civil Engineering, ^Militarj^ and the Classics were given. In December, 1853, the buildings were burned. The Bristol College buildings, near Bristol, Del., were secured and the institution was opened there^ May 16, 1854, and renamed Bristol College. Owing to the death of Captain Partridge, in January, 1854, the institution was soon discontinued. The attendance during 1853-54 was about 100. Several of the cadets Ijecame prominent in the Civil War, notaljly General Powell Clayton. Mt. Pleasant Military Academy, Sing Sing, X. Y. Will- iam W. Benjamin served as assistant superintendent of this academy during 1854-62 and as principal from 1862 until his death in 1882. Through his efficient management this school was very prosperous and became widely known. The Highland Military Academy, Worcester, Mass. Capt. George W. Hobbs, '58, rendered valuable assistance to Prof. Caleb Metcalf in founding this well known school in 1857, holding the position of military instructor until 1859. The Northwestern Military Academy was founded by Col. Harlan P. Davidson, '67, at Highland Park, 111. in September, 1888 This academy has become, through the efficient manage- ment of Colonel Davidson, one of the best Imown military schools in the United States. The success of the military academies founded by Captain Partridge and the Alumni of "N. U.," led other educators to found similar schools. So, directly to the work of Captain Par- 402 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. ridge the U. S. government owes, in a large measure, the efficient work of many officers in the various wars of the country. We give below the roster of the cadets so far as known who have engaged in teaching in the various military schools : TEACHERS, MILITARY SCHOOLS. Howard, John J. Howard, NoelB. Jackman, Alonzo Jennison, Ozro P. Johnson, Edwin F. Johnson, John B. Johnson, Luther B. McFarland, Daniel McGarry, T?homas J. Mears, John H. Moore, Edward Mosely, John P. Parker, Edgar Partridge, Frederick W. Perkins, Edwin PhilHps, James W. Pierce, Lucius D. Preston, Simon M. Ransom, Truman B. Relirer, Erasmus G. Russell, William H. Shaw, Ethan A. Shaw, WiUiam A. Shields, James V. A. Slayton, Henry L. Spooner, Charles H. Stocker, Marshall M. Tenny, Otis S. • Tinker, Frank N. Ward, James H. Webster, Nathan B. Wheeler, Simeon. Williston, EbenezerB. Winslow, Arthur E. Woodworth, Hiram P. The graduates and past cadets have served in all the wars of our country from the Black Hawk to date, many holding important commands. Two of the alumni served in the war of 1812. Josiah Tattnall, '23, as a midshipman in the U. S. Navy, participated in the engage- ment with the British fleets near Croney's Island, Va., June 22, 1813 and later served as a volunteer in the battle of Blandensburg, Md. Hiram Paulding, '23, served as a midshipman, U. S. N., in the battle of Plattsburg, September 11, 1814, and though but a mere youth, was given a lieutenant's command. During the Black Hawk War, Coggswell K. Green, '26, '03, Alvord, Henry E. '05, '09, Andrews, Roy L. '61, '49, Averill, Clinton S. '36, '08, Barber, Charles N. '25, '49, Batchelder, J. B. '25, '09, Bayley, Luther P. '79, '49, Benjamin, William W. '88, '24, Bingham, Daniel H. '51, '41, Bovay, Alvin E. '10, '42, Buck, Oel A. '07, '37, Burton, Henry S. '05, '96, Carleton, Charles S. '99, '02, Chase, Henry A. '59, '«5, Child, Oscar B. '45, '85, Chandler, Myron L. '28, '57, Clark, Warren '45, 'f)6, Colvocoresses, George P. '46, '43, Crooker, Jabez C. '45, '61, Curtis, Charles A. '25, '95, Davis, Fred C. '49, '67, Davidson, Harlan P. '27, '05, Deal, Harry R. '91, '55, Dewey, John W. '88, '69, Dole, Charles '41, '70, Dole, W^alter '64, '41, Dorn, Andrew J. '78, '25, Dunbar, Elisha '03, '08, Edwards, Irving B. '45, '03, Flint, Kemp R. B. '06, '48, Floyd, Henry '25, '69, Hathaway, Clarence L. '43, '58, Hobbs, George W. '40, '95, Hoefler, Philo R. '23, '29, Horton, Horace S. '98, '25, Horton, Valentine B. '25, SEMINOLE AND MEXICAN WARS, 403 George W. Jones, '26, and Charles Tullar, '23, served as colonels in the Michigan territory troops and Oren Marsh, '25, as captain. Carleton H. Perry, '23, was an officer in the Illinois volunteers and ^liner R. Deming, '26, is also said to have served as an officer in the volunteers from that state. Samuel C. Ridgely, '25, James V. Bomford, '28 and William S. Harney, '29, officers in the U. S. Army, also served in this war. ►Seventeen of the cadets served in the Seminole and Creek Wars. The roster so far as known is given below. No doubt a number of the cadets from the South, whose records we have been unable to obtain, served in these wars : SEMINOLE WAR. '2G, Alexander, Henry D. W., Capt. '29, Johnston, Daniel P., Capt. '28, Bomford, James V., Lieut. '29, Lee, Roswell W., 1st Lieut. '25, Cady, Albermarle, Capt. '32, May, Charles A., 1st Lieut. '33, Clark, Henry E. W., Capt. '25, Ridgelj^, Samuel C, 1st Lieut. '26, Green, Coggswell, K., Col. '25, Screven, Richard B., 1st Lieut. '29, Harney, William S. Lieut. Col. '29, Simmons, Seneca G., Capt. '25, Holmes, Arthur S, Maj. '29, Tucker, Stephen S., Capt. '26, Howard, Augustus, Capt. '28, Webb, Henry, Lieut. Col. '32, Hull, William, 1st Lieut. '28, Wessels, Henry W., 1st Lieut. MEXICAN WAR. A number of the cadets entererl the United States service in the Mexican War, the most distinguished of whom was Col. Truman B. Ransom, '25, president of the University, who met his death while gallantly leading the 9th U. S. Infantry, the gallant Old New England, in its charge on the fortress of Chapultepec. No truer patriot, soldier and scholar ever went forth from the walls of any institution of learning. We will quote a stanza from the popular " N. U." song. " The Old South Barracks," written by our poet, Kent, which will awaken in the breast of every loyal son of Norwich I'niversity a responsive thrill: "To our hero chieftain Ransom One glass before we go; I lis blood bestains the rockj' height In distant Mexico. His country's flag waved o'er him When the volley smote him low; And we'U drop for him the silent tear In the old South Barracks, oh!" 404 NORWICH UNIVERSITY Colonel Ransom was succeeded in command b}^ Major Thomas H. Seymour, '28, afterwards lieutenant colonel of the Twelfth United States Infantry, and was the first to enter the fortress at the head of the gallant old " Ninth." Capt. Edward A. Kimball, '44, served as captain in this regi- ment; Thomas J. Whipple, '87, as adjutant ; Justin E. Stevens, '41, as surgeon; Jesse A. Cove, '49, as 1st lieutenant; William A. Newman, '45, as 2(1 lieutenant; Henry O. Brigham, '44, as drum major. John M. Barnard, '45, gained distinction in the war as a major in the Texas troops. W. W. H. Davis, '42, entered the service as adjutant of the 1st Massachusetts Infantry, and rose to the rank of captain. Carleton H. Perry, '23, was commis- sioned colonel and David K. Noyes, '45, raised a company for the war, ])ut ditl not serve, owing to the close of the war. Several of the cadets serving in this war, rose to a high rank in the Civil War. About fifty of the cadets served in this war. We give l)elow the roster of the men, so far as known: '45, Barnard, John M., Major. '45, '2S, Bomforil, James V., Capt. '45, '44, Brigham, Henry 0., Drum Major. '23, '41, Buck, Benjamin, 1st Lieut, and '24, Adjt. '43, '37, Burton, Henry S., Lieut. CoL '24, '25, Cady, Albermarle, Capt. '23, Carpenter, Edward W., Capt. '25, U. S. N. '26, '33, Clark, Henry E. W., Capt. '25, '42, Crowninshield, Charles B.,Capt. '29, '42, Davis, William W. H., Capt. '41, Dorn, Andrew J., 1st Lieut. '44, '49, Gove, Jesse A., 1st Lieut. '■41, '27, Graham, John H., Capt. '29, Hagner, Porter V., Capt. '29, '43, Hancock, Henry, Capt. '41, '29, Harney, William S., Col. '26, '28, Hartstene, Henry J., Capt. '23, '44, Kimball, Edward A., Capt. '25, '42, Longnecker, Henry C, 1st '33, Lieut, and Adjt. '30, '32, McNabb, John, 2d Lieut. '48, '32, May,Charles A.( "apt.A Brvt.Col. '48, '25, , Marsh, Oren, Capt. '37, '27, , Miles, Rmith M., Surgeon. '43, , Milroy, Robert H., Capt. '41, '40, , Myrick, Cyrus G., Private. Newman, William A., 2d Lieut. Partridge, Frederick W., 1st Lieut. Paulding, Hiram Capt.,U. S. N. Pitkin, 8amuel L., Officer. Post, Frederick S., 1st Sergt. Prentiss, George A., Capt. U. S. N. Ransom, Truman B., Col. Ridgely, Samuel C, Capt. Screven, Richard B., Capt. Seymour, Thomas H., Lieut. Col. Seymour, Truman, Major. Shields, James V. A., Sergt. Major. Simmons, Seneca G., Capt. Stevens, Justin E., Surgeon. Taylor, George W., Capt. Tattnall, Josiah, Capt.,U. S. N. Temple, Robert E., Col. Tipton, Spear S., Capt. Tucker, Stephen S., Capt. Tyler, John L. W., 1st Lieut. Warner, Stanley M., Private. Wliipple, Thomas J., 1st Lieut. and Adjt. Williams, Seth, 1st Lieut. SERVICE TN THE CIVIL WAR. 405 CIVIL WAR. Oil the l)reaking out of the Civil War the gi'aduates and past cadets were among the first to offer their services to the government. In every state in the Union they were active in (h-illinii' and in- structing the troops for the war. Alonzo Jackman, '36, l)rigadier general in the \'ermont militia, was one of the first in this state to offer his services. He was implored by Governor Fairbanks to remain at "N. U.," and assist in drilling and organizing the state troops. He reluctantly consented, at a great sacrifice of personal ambition, as he could have received a colonel's commission. He was given charge of drilling the state troops. The First Regiment was selected and drilled by him, assisted by his cadets. From 1861 to 1863 a large number of the cadets were appointed state drill masters by the governor, with the rank of 1st lieutenant; and the efficient service of the \'ermont regiment was due largely to instruction given b}' the Norwich cadets. A number of the alumni and past cadets, who were unable to enlist in the service, owing to age and disability, performed valuable Avork as drill masters. Unfortunately, complete records of the men have not been received, but so far as known, al)out fifty of the cadets became prominent as drill masters. Else- where in this chapter is given a partial roster of the cadets serving in this capacity. The cadets were in especial demand as drill masters in New Hampshire. The Dartmouth students were formed into military companies and the " N. U.," cadets were secured to drill and instruct them. To the training received from Norwich men, is due a great deal of the fine record made by the Dartmouth men in the service, as by this instruction, many of the students were enabled to oljtain commissions in the various regiments. In Connecticut, Gen. W. H. Russell, '28, rendered valuable aid to the state as major general in command of the state militia. Gen. E. W. N. Starr, '28, unable to accept the commission as colonel of the 4th Regiment, owing to impaired health, rendered valuable aid in drilling and instructing the troops. In Wisconsin, our cadets were especially jMominent in the state service. George E. Bryant, '55, then captain of Co. E., 1st Regiment of the state militia, was the first officer to volunteer for service, and his company was the first t>rganization to (jffer 406 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. SERVICE IN THE CIVIL WAR. 407 its services to the IJ. 8. government. Judge Luther S. Dixon, '4S, chief justice of the supreme court, offered his ^ervic s to the gov- ernor, but was requested to remain at his post, as his services were more needed on the bench, than in the field. He, however, made use of the training received at Norwich, by drilling and instructing the state troops. Stillman F^. Uana, '49, also rendered valuable assistance in drilling the state volunteers. In Iowa, General Dodge, then captain in the state militia, was the first to offer the governor of the state the services of a company for the war. Edward Hatch, '50, as state drill master, rendered valuable assistance in preparing the volunteers for the war. 1 ■■^'^H ■%:#ri : ^^^ Battle of Gettysburg. In Indiana, the following alumni rendered valuable assistance in drilling and recruiting volunteers: R. H. Milroy, '43; Newell Gleason, '49; George P. Buel, '56; and John M, Milroy, '45. Illinois is largely indebted to the graduates of Norwich for the excellent record made by her troops. The following cadets rendered great service in drilling and recruiting the vol- unteers: Warren Shedd, '39; Joseph C. Wright, '42; Frederick W. Partridge, '45; Simon M. Preston, '45; T. E. G. Ransom, '51; William H. Greenwood, '52 and Arba N. Waterman, '56. In Missouri, Cyrus B. Burnham, '39, and Bernard G. Farrar, '45, rendered efficient service in organizing and equiping the state troops for the war. 40S NORWICH UNIVERSITY, Massachusetts is especially indebted to the graduates and past cadets of " N. V." for the fine recoi'd made by her troops, as a large number of our men served as drill masters and officers in the volunteers from that state. Fifty-two of the graduates and past cadets gave their lives in the service of the country. Nearly every battle field during the Civil War was moistened by the blood of our alumni. James H. Ward, 'TS, captain U. S. N., was the first naval officer and the first " N. U." cadet to die in the service of the country. Robert E. Hitchcock, '59, was the first Vermonter to sacrifice his life in the support of the Union. He was killed at the first l>attle of Bull Run, while commanding a company of Marines. A roster of the alumni who sacrificed their lives in the various \\ai's is gi\'en l)elow: Killed In I^attle. '64, Abbott, Edward S. '26, Babbitt, Jacob. '.'51, Baxter, William R. '64, Chaffin, William H. '.59, Cowdiii, Robert J. '61, Eayre, Thomas W. '56, Farrar, Frederick H. '49, Gove, Jesse A. '64, Granger, Edward M. '54, Griswold, Charles E. '62, Heiulersoii, Thomas A. '59, Hitchcock, Robert E. '63, Farmenter, Daniel W. '67, Porter, James E. '25, Ransom, Truman B. '64, Sabine, John '56, Schall, Edwin '51, Thomas, Evan W. '49, Ward, Frederick T. '23, Ward, James H. Died of Wounds Received in Battle. '45, Denison, Charles E. '52, Emery, Harvey W. '49, Gould, Jacob P. '49, Granger, Lyman C. '41, Lander, Frederick W. '39, Marsh, Samuel. '51, Mead, John B.T. '29, Simmons, Seneca G. '58, Stimson, Francis E. '26, Taylor, George W. '30, Tucker, Stephen S. '42, Wright, Joseph C. Died of Diseases Contracted in the Service. '64, Burchard, Sardis. '64, Coombs, Arthur W. '01, Danforth, Ellon T. '66, Head, Henry H. '62, Jones, Edward T. '64, Lee, Douglass '46, Pennock, Joseph N. '51, Ransom, Thomas E. G. '65, Rice, Thomas G. '63, Sabine, Albert. '55, Seymour, EpaphroditusH. '47, Slafter, Judson. '97, Spafford, William C. '.34, Tipton, Speare S. '99, Tupper, John L. '26, Van Rensselaer, Henry. '29, Craven, Tunis A. M. '23, Downs, Albert E. Died at Sea. '22, Mackey, Daniel H. '53, Rice, George M. SERVICE IN THE CONFEDERATE ARMY. 40& Service in the Confederate Army. Forty of the alumni served in the Confederate Ai-my. (Com- plete records of the men from the South have not been obtained, and; in all probaljility, a much larger number of the alumni entered the Confederate service. Tribute should be paid the heroic service of these cadets in battle. They fought as bravely to support their cause, as their classmates of the Noi'th fought for the support of the Union. In many instances classmates and " N. U." acquaintances met on the field of battle. Otis M. Marsh, '42, a major in the Texas cavalry C. S. A., captured the Harriet Juane, and among the prisoners was Julius R. Richardson, '61, paymaster U. S. N. Capt. Henry J. Hartstene, C. S. N., '28, captured John W. Dicks, '23, while commanding the Isaac Smith. Gen. T. E. G. Ransom, '51, captured a large niunber of jDrisoners at the battle of Fort Donelson; among the numl)er was his old "N. II." associate. Col. Stanley M. Warner, '48. Cadet Camp, igog. 410 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. THE COLLEGE CAVALIERS. Of all the various military organizations that served in the Civil War, the " College Cavaliers' ' stand unique. So far as known this was the only company composed of college men that entered the service. The honor of forming the company belongs to Sanford S. Burr, of the class of 1863, Dartmouth College. In May 1862, Burr proposed the organization of a cavalry troop composed of Dartmouth men. For a time the war spirit I'an high at Dartmouth. One hundred of the students offered their services and it seemed for a time that the whole student body would offer their services. I* ; The parents of the men became alarmed lest the students carry out their rash (?) idea and enlist before they could forbid it. President Lord and the faculty at Dartmouth counseled against it, arguing it " would be more beneficial for the students to keep to their books than to go the war." The pleading letters of the parents, and the counsel of President Lord; greatly dampened the ardor of the men. Burr's patriotic scheme seemed doomed. He then turned for assistance to the rival college across the river, where the men were trained for their country's service and where the Presi- dent and faculty were only too glad to aid the cadets in their efforts to go to the war. A compromise was agreed upon as to the selection of the officers. Dartmouth was given the captaincy; Norwich tlie first lieutenant, second lieutenant, and first ser- geant. In the Dartmouth College and New Hampshire publications, this organization is called the "Dartmouth Cavalry." The Reveille of March 1863, designates the organization as the ''Norwich Cav- alry." This last name seems the proper one as the chief officers were " N. U." men and the captain as well as the company was drilled by the "N. U." officers. Mr. Samuel B. Pettingill, a graduate of Amherst College, class of 1863, published in 1883, the history of the company under the title of the '"' College Cava- liers," and this title seems more appropriate as it includes all the colleges. As the recruiting progressed it was found necessary to obtam more men and several colleges were Avritten to for recruits. Bow- doin responded with four men, Union with four, Amherst one, THE COLLEGE CAVALIERS. 411 and ^^'illiams one. More men had to be recruited to fill the com- pany. William S. Dewey, '63, of Quechee, George A. Bailey, '63, and Mr. John S. Eaton of Woodstock, joined the company and recruited ten men from Woodstock; two men were enrolled from other Vermont towns, one from ^lassachusetts, and four from New Hampshire, making the total enrollment eighty-five men. The company officers were elected as follows : Captain, Sanford S. Burr, Dartmouth, '63. 1st Lieutenant, Theodore H. Kellogg, "N. U.," '62. 2d Lieutenant, Charles F. TilHnghast, "N. U.," '64. 2d Lieutenant, WiUiam H. Stevens, Woodstock, Vt. 1st Sergeant, Henry E. Alvord, " N. U.,' ' '63. Sergeant, Calvin S. Brown, Dartmouth, '63. Sergeant, Charles E. Bu.sh, "N. U.," '63. Sergeant, Henry F. Anderson, Dartmouth, '63. Sergeant, Frank W. Graves, Concord, N. H. Sergeant, Joseph X. \Yhitney, Bowdoin, '63. Sergeant, Alonzo Jenkins, Dartmouth, '63. Corporal, George A. Bailey, "N. U., '63. Corporal, Charles Caldwell, Dartmouth, '63. Corporal. John S. Cameron, Dartmouth, '63. Corporal, Nathaniel Clement, Dartmouth, '63. Corporal, John S. Eaton, Woodstock, Vt. ('orporal, Isaac W. Heysinger, Dartmouth, '64. Corporal, Douglass Lee, "N. U.," '63. Musician, Albion T. Clarke, Strafford, Vt. Musician, John H. ]Marsh, Woodstock, Vt. Sadler, Henry Williamson, Woodstock, Vt. As soon as the company was recruited, its services were offered to the governors of New Hampshire, Maine and Massa- chusetts, but with no success. Their services were finally ac- cepted by Governor Sprague, of Rhode Island. On June 18, 1863, the company left for W^hite River Junction, escorted by a large number of students from Dartmouth and "N. U." They reached Providence, R. I., June 19, and were received by Col. A. C. Eddy of the Governor's Staff. They were then escorted to the "Dexter Training Ground" where they took the oath of enlistment and received their uniforms. They were kindly received by the citizens of Providence. On Thursday, June 24, they were given a reception and banquet by f^x-Cxovernor Ploppin and Colonel Gardiner, and their patriotic zeal in leaving their studies to defend the honor of their country was greatly extolled. THE COLLEGE CAVALIERS. 413 Oil June 26, an ontortaiunient was given them at the I'oonis of L. H. Humphrey «l^ Co. Ex-Governor William ^X. Jloppin presided and gave them an address of welcome, which was I'es- sponded to by Captain Burr. Patriotic speeches were delivei'ed by Governor Sprague, Rev. Barnabas Sears, D. I)., president of Brown University and others. On June 24, they were nuistered into the United States service and flipped a cent with a Rhode Island troop, rendezvouzed there, to determine which should be the "A" troop. The Rhode Island troop won, and our " College Cavaliers' ' became troop B, 7th Squadron, Rhode Island Cavalry. In the organization of the squadron, Augustus W. Corliss Avas commissioned major; Charles F. Tillinghast, "N. U.," '64, 2d lieutenant and adjutant; 7ebe Gilman, Dartmouth, '63, quarter- master sergeant; Samuel B. Pettengill, Amherst, '63, and Arthur W. White, "N. U.," '65, veterinary sergeants; George F. Gill, Dartmouth, '64, hospital steward. The squadron left by boat for New York City, June 2S, antl from there went to Philadelphia by boat, June 29. They were given a cordial reception in Philadelphia, Pa., by the "Sol- diers' Welcome Association." They left for Washington by Irain, June 29, arriving there June 30, and encamped in "Camp Clark' ' at Gate's Wood, about one mile from the Capitol. On July 25, the squadron was transferred from General Wadsworth's command to tliat of General Sturges, and was moved to Alexandria, Va. It camped for a time at "Camp Eddy," near Fairfax Seminary, and then marched to Winchester, Va., and went into camp, at "Camp Segel," near that town, where they remained until September 2, 1862. The connnand was constantly engaged in picket duty and scouting. On September 2, the command was sent on a scouting expedition to Xewton and ]\liddletown, taking several prisoners. On their return at 11 o'clock, the same night, they found the town a-blaze, and were ordei-ed to retreat to Harper's Ferry. ]\farching all night and the next day, they reached their destination at 9 p. m. On September 5, they crossed the Potomac with the 32d Ohio \'olunteers (Major Hewitt's regiment), (q. v.) and encamped in the woods at Maryland Heights, opposite the river, and with the 12th Illinois, 8th New York, and four companies of Maryland Cavalry, under the command of Colonel Ford, did picket service at the river. This was anJuiportant'^Tpost of over, 11,000 men under com- 414 " NORWICH UNIVERSITY. maiid of Colonel Miles. It soon became evident that the Union forces would have to retreat from this position as the Confed- erates were surrounding the place with superior forces. A con- ference of the officers was held, and it was decided to escape if ])ossible. On September 14, the cavalry force managed to elude Ceneral Longstreet's army, and on the 15th reached Greencastle, Pa., without the loss of a single man or horse. The cavalry under the command of Colonel Vose, reported to General McClellan, and the squadron was ordered to Jones'- Cross Road, near Hagerstown. Although their term of enlist- ment had expired, they remained with Colonel Vose until the battle of Antietam was ended, then returned home reaching Providence, September 26. Octol^er 2, they were mustered out, and the men dispersed to their respective colleges. The N. H. History states that the faculty of Dartmouth were at first deter- mined to force the men to pass examinations on the studies they had lost during the campaign, but learning that Brown University would admit them without examination, the matter was given up. The faculty of ''N. U."was very liberal w'ith the men who left to entei' the service and degrees w-ere promised the cadets if they enlisted. Arthur W. Coombs, '64, died August 15, 1862, of dysentery at the hospital in Winchester, Va., being the only man lost in the command. Two w^ere captured by the Confederates, but were released in time to go home with the others. Their services w'ere highly commendable, and they received the praise of the various officers under whom they served, for f heir efficient work. We give below the roster of the " N. U." men serving in troop B: '63. Alvord, Henry E., Ist Sergeant. '63. Bailey, George A., ('orporal. '65. Bayard, Alfred F. Private. '63. Bush, Charles E., Sergeant, Later api)ointe(i Sergeant Major. '64. Coombs, Arthur W., Private. '63. Dewey, William S., Private. '64. Goodwin, William S., Private. '65. Gragg, Charles W., Private. '63. Hastings, Addison T., Private. '64. Hazelton, Walter S. , Private. '62. Kellogg, Theodore H., 1st Lieutenant. '59. King, Wallace A., Private. '64. Lee, Douglass, Corporal. '64, Morey, Arthur P., Private. 'n. U. MliN SEftVING IN TROOP 6. 415 'G4. Noyes, Edward H., Private. '65. Papanti, Augustus L., Private. 'G3. Parker, James V., Private. 'G4. Phillips, Henry M., Private. 'G7. Smith, Charles W., Private. '64. TilHnghast, Cliarles F., Corporal, Later 2d Lieutenant and Adjutant, '64. Walcott, Ellis P., Private. '64. Walcott, Franklin H., Private. '67. White, Arthur W., Private, Later appointed Veterinary .Sergeant. 1 ^ ^ \ IL I 1 i ^ -^EL 'WW ,^. C, 98th Ohio Inf.; U. S. A. — lieiit. col. '53, *Adams, Leonard J.f U. S. Naval Academy — Midshipman. '24, *Adams, Thomas B. | U. S. A. — 1st heiitcnaiit. '53, *Aiken, Walter t Civil War- private 1st N. H., Inf. '53, *Ainsworth, James E.f Civil War— capt., 12th Iowa Inf. '66, Aldrich, Edward K. Civil War— 1st heut., 11th N. Y. Inf. '26, *Alexander, Henry D. W.t Civil War— caiit., Ga. Vols., C. S. A. Seminole War — capt. '63, Allen, Lorenzo D. Civil War— capt., :5d Vt. Inf. 28. Allen, William A. U. S. N.— ^lidshipman. '63, *Alvord, Henry E.f Civil War — private, 7th squadron R. I. Cav.; ma,i., 2d Mass.Cav.; U. S. A. — captain. '37, *Arms, Austin D.f Civil War — asst. q. ni., U. S. Vols. '59, *Amsden, Frank P.f Civil War — recruiting officer. Pa. Vols.; capt., Batt'y B. Pa. Art., adj. and q. m. '63, *Ashcroft, Charles E. Civil War — capt. and staff officer on mustering Mass. Vols. '46, Ashe, Thomas P. Civil War — is said to have served as colonel in the Confederate Army. '48, *Atwood, Julius P.t Civil War— lieut. col., 6th Wis. Inf. '93, Austin, Flynn G.t Spanish- American War — sergt. raaj., 1st Vt. Inf. '88, Austin, Fred T.t Spanish- American War — adj., 5th Mass. Inf • Philippine insurrections — 1st lieut., 46th U.S. Inf.; U. S. A.— captain. '64, Babbitt, Elbridge H.t Civil War— sergt., 17th U. S. Inf., 2d lieut., 1st N. C. (Union Volun- teers), 1st lieut. and asst. adjt. gen. '26, *Babbitt, Jacobf Civil War — major, 7th R. I. Inf., died of wounds received in battle. '63, *Bailey, George A. f Civil War — pvt., 7th Squadron, R .1. Cav.; capt., 1st Vt. H. Art. (11th Vt.Vol.) '93, Bailey, George F.f Spanish-American War — sergt., 1st Vt. Inf., 2d lieut., 41st Vol. Inf., Philippine Is.; U. S. A. — 1st lieu- tenant. '59, Baker, Charles N. Civil War— maj., 2d Mich. Inf. '96, Baker, Roy D.f Spanish-American War — corp., 2d N. Y. Inf. '23, *Baker, WiUiam H. U. S. A. — 1st lieutenant. '08, Baldwin, Karl F.f U. S. A.— 1st lieutenant. '47, *Balloch, George W.f Civil War— 1st lieut., 5th N. H. Inf.; lieut. col., con^mis.sary subsistence on the staff of O. O. Howard; bvt. brig, gen., II. S. Vols. '59, Barker, J. Gage Civil War capt., 3(!th Ohio Inf. '45, Barnard, John M. Mexican War — capt., 1st Tex. Mtd. Vols.; q. in. gen., with rank of major. '63, *Barrett, Curtis S.f Civil War— capt. and <). m., U. S. Vols. '80, *Barstow, Frederick M.f Spanish- American War — 1st lieut., 3d U. S. Eng. '47, Bartlett, John M. Civil War— pvt., 12th Vt. Inf. '26, *Barton, Frederick A.f Civil War— chaplain, 10th Mass. Inf. '60, *Bascom, Gustavus M.f Civil War — drill master, Ohio Vols.; capt., Ohio Vols.; lieut. col. and asst. adjt. gen., U. S. Vols.; bvt. col.; U. S. A. — major. '67, *Batchelder, James E.f Civil War— pvt., 5th Vt. Inf.; U. S. A.— 1st lieutenant. '66, *Baxter, Henry C.t Civil War — 1st lieut. and bvt. maj., 11th Vt. Inf.; staff officer. '54, *Baxter, Jedediah H.f Civil War — surgeon, 12th Mass. and U. S. Vols.; U. S. A. — surgeon gen- eral with rank of brigadier general. '54, Baxter, Luther L.t Civil War — maj., 4th Minn. Inf.; col., 1st Minn. Heavy Art. '51, *Baxter, WiUiam R.f Civil War — capt., 9th Minn. Inf.; served in the Indian wars in Minn., 1863-64; killed in battle in 1864. '65. Bayard, Albert F. • Civil War — pvt., 7th Squadron, R.I . Cav.; 1st lieut., U. S. C. I. '42, *Bean, EH B.f Civil War — capt. and asst. q. m., U. S. Vols.; bvt. maj., U. S. Vols. '34, *Bean, Sylvanus B. Civil War — 1st lieut., 11th Me. Inf.; maj. and q. m.. U. S. Vols. '98, Bearss, Hiram l.t Spanish- American War — capt., U. S. Marine Corps;U. S. M. C. — captain. ROLL OF HONOft. 441 '47, Beattie, David C. Civil War— capt., 164th N. Y. Inf. '55, *Beckwith, Benjamin M.f Civil War— tst lieut. arljt., 32d Wis. Inf.; capt. and asst. adjt. gen., 2(1 brig., 4th div., 17th A. C. '24, *BelI, John Civil War — surgeon, U. S. A. '55, *Bickford, Frederick T.f Civil War — musician, 5tli Vt. Inf.; .served in tlie q. ni. dept. '64, *Birchard, Sardis f Civil War— 1st sergt., 11th Vt. Inf.; dietl in Andersonville prison. '67, *Bird, Charles S. Civil War— pvt., (jOth Mass. Vol. '46, *Bishop, Linus D. f Civil War — niaj., Oth 111. cav.; provost marshal. '66, *Biackington, William S.f Civil War— pvl., GOtli Mass. Inf. '67, Blodgette, George B.f Civil War— cori)., (V>. 1), 48th Mass. Inf. '47, *Boardman, Napoleonf Civil War— 1st lieut., 2d Wis. Cav.; asst. ehf. ord.; cai)t ., Batt'v .M. 2d Mo. Lt. Art. '26, *Boggs, Charles S.t Mexican War — lieut., U. S. N.; Civil War— captain, U. S. N.; U. S. N.— rear admiral. '26, *Boggs, William B.f Civil War— purser, U. S. N.; U. S. N.— pay director. '28, *Bomford, James V.f Black Hawk and Seminole Wars — 1st lieut., U. S. A.; Mexican War — capt and bvt. col.; Civil War — col.; U. S. A. — bvt. brig. gen. '59, *Boutelle, George V.f Civil War— 2d lieut., "Clay's Battl'n of Infantry" of Washington, D. C; capt., 2d N. Y. Inf.; maj., 21st N. Y. Cav.; bvt. col., U. S. Vols. •41, *Bovay, Alvin E.f Civil War — maj., Kith Wis. Inf.; Pro- vost Marshal. '68, *Bowen, Marcellus f Civil War— i)vt., 1st Vt.Cav. '52, Bowers, Charles Capt., 32d .Mass Inf. '47, *Breaux, Gustavus A.f • CivilWar— tol.,:50tliLa. Vols., C. S. A. '63, *Bradley, Charles O.f Civil War— 1st sergt., 1st N. H. Inf.. (•apt, i:5th N. H. Inf.; capt., 1st N. H., H. Art.; U. S. A.— captain. '44, *Brigham, Henry O.f Mexican War -drum maj., 9th U. S. Inf.; U. S. A., — pyui'r., witli rank • • • of major. '59, *Bringhurst, Thomas! Civil War capt., I'a. Inf. '26, 'Brisbane, William H.f Civil War - chaplain 2d Wis. Cav, '44, *Brown, Edward M.f Civil War — lieut. col., Sth Vt. Inf. '08, Brown, Thomas W.f 2d lieut., ('onstal)idary force P. I. '07, Brown, William P. U. S. Navy — passed midshipman. '55, *Bryant, George E.t Civil War — capt., 1st Wis. Inf.; col , 12th Wis. Inf.; bvt. brig, gen., U. S. Vols.; brigade commander. '28, *Buck, Alonzo P. U. S. N. — Midshipman. '41, *Buck, Benjamin Mexican War — 1st lieut. and adjt.,N. C. Vols. '56, *Buel, George P.f Civil War— col., 58th Ind. Inf.; brig. c(jmmander; commanded pioneer Vjrigade army of the Cumberland; ))vt. brig, gen., U S. Vols.; U. S. Army — colonel. '64, *Buel, James W. Civil War — sergt., 17th U. S. Infantry; U. S. N.— .3(1 a.sst. eng.; U. S. A.— asst. surgeon. '57, Buel, John F. L. Civil War — 1st lieut. and regt. q. m., U. S. A. '61, *Buel, Julius O.t Civil War— 1st lieut., 1st Col. Inf. '55, *Burbank, William B. Civil War— 1st lieut., 17th Vt. Inf. '28, *Burdett, Charles U. S. N.— Midshipman. '66, *Burkham, Elzev G.f Civil War— pvt., Co. (',. 60th Mass. Inf. '39, Burnham, Cyrus B.f Civil War — q. m. gen. and col.. Mo. militia. '48, Burnham, Hosea B. Civil War— lieut. col., 67th Pa. Inf. '55, *Burns, Emery Civil War — served in the Union Army. '02, Burr, Frank H.t U. S. A.— 2d lieut. '56, *Burrows, Hunt W.f Civil War— capt., 11th Vt. Inf. (1st Vt. H. Art.) '37, *Burton, Henry S.f Mexican War — lieut. col., 7th N. Y. Inf.; Civil War — col. and bvt. ))rig. gen.; U. S. A. — colonel. '55, *Burton, William S.f Civil War— maj., 3d Mich. Inf. '63, Bush, Charles E.f Civil War — sergt. maj., 7th Squadron R. I. Cavalry. '47, *BusweH, Albert t • Civil War — pvt., Sth Vt. Inf.; asst. surg., 12th Me. Vols. '56, *Buttrick, George f Civil War — corj)., ,")th .Ma.ss. Vol. militia; capt., 3d r. S. C^ 1. '25, *Cady, Albermarle t Seminole War ca|>t., l'. S. A.; Mexican War — cai)l. and bvt. maj.; Civil War — col.; U. S. A. — col. and bvt. brig, gen.; .served in the Indian War.t., Co. A, i;5th Va. Vols., (".S. A.; col., Va. Mil.,C.S A. '49, Neil, John, L. Capt., 9th Ky. Cav. '66, *Needham, William C. H.t CivilWar— pvt.Co.(i,(i()th Mass. Inf. '39, *Nelson, Williamf U. S. N.— licul, conunander; .served in Mexican U'ar; major general. Civil War. '47, Nevins, George W. While engaged in a filibustering expedi- tion to Cuba, he was captmed and shot at Mantanzas, May 2.'), 1850. '48, Nevins, Morris Stanley See Stanley Morris Warner. '47, *Newman, Asahel C. Civil War — clerk, U. S. q. m. dept. '45, *Newman, William A.f • Mexican War —2d lieut., 9th N. E. Inf.; bvt. 1st lieut.; captain "White House' ' guards. '62, Nichols, Henry B. CivilWar— capt.. 19th Wis. Inf. • • - '26, *Noble, William H.f Civil War—col., 17th Conn. Inf.; bvt. brig gen., U. S. Vols.; brig, commander. ;• '23, Norris, James • Asst. surg.. U. S. N.. Dec. 10, 1814; • • • resigned June 20, 1820 '45, Nourse, Ira' Civil War — pvt., 3d Wis. Cav. andjis said to have served in the III. Cav. • '45, *Noyes, David K. Raised company of Wis. Vols, for Mexi- can War; Civil War— 1st lieut., 6th Wis Inf ; lieut. col., 49fh Wis. Inf. '64, Noyes, Edwrard H. Civil War — pvt., Co. B, 7th Squadron K. I. Cav. '64, Osgood, Charles H. Civil War— 2d lieut., lirockett's Battl'n Minn Cav. '64, Osgood, John H.f Civil War— capt., 116th U. S. C. I. '67, *Otis, George E. CivilWar - pvt., (Ith Ma.ss. Inf. '58, *Page, Frank A.f Civil War— pvt., 4th Vt. Inf.; 2d lieut., V. R. C; 1st lieut. and bvt capt., U.S. Vols; 2d lieut., U.S. A. '67, *Papanti, Augustus L.f Civil War— pvt., Co. B, 7th Sad, Charles W., 1st lieut. New Hampshire. '24, Baker, Jonathan, col. '44, Clark, Thomas, col. '41, Eaton, Robert B., col. 480 NORWICH UNIVERSITY, ! '56, Freeman, Frederick N., col. '54, Kent, Henry O., col. and asst. adj. gen '25, Prentiss, John W., col. '37, Smith, Timothy D., col. '25, Hutcliins, Ephraim, maj.' '37 Swett, Josiah, maj. '56, Chase, Arthui", capt. '24, Dinsmoor, William, capt. '53, Greeley, George P., capt. '56, Hartshorn, Samuel N., capt. '37, Whipple, Thomas J., capt. '23, Powers, Samuel, 1st lieut. and adj. '05, Brennan, Vincent J. 2d lieut. New Mexico. '85, Hersey, Henry B., col. and adj. gen. ^ . '05, Brennan, Vincent J. 2(1 lieut. New York. '26, Temple, Robert !•]., adj. gen. '46, Cole, Daniel B., asst. adj. gen. '24, Cheney, Wales, col. '67, Clark, Henry C, col. '39, Tai'bell, Jonathan, col. and asst. adj. gen. '26, VanRensselaer, Henry, col. '84. Mellen, Calv-ert K., capt. '25, Williams, John, capt. '34, Amsden, Joel, maj. '26, Barnard, E. Henry, maj. '41, Dorn, Andrew J., maj. '47, Lindsay, James E., maj. '39, Wright, Chauncey, maj. '79, Gorton, Eliot, corp. '99, Lovell, George P., corp. North Carolina. '29, Wliitfield, James B.,maj. gen. '26, Anderson, William E., col. '26, Fitts, Ohver D., col. '26, Little, George, col. '26, ColUns, Wilham F.,. maj. North Dakota. '86, Randall, Pliil S., capt. Ohio. '25, Hatch, Jesse P., capt. Pennsylvania. '26, Hale, Reuben C, maj.'gen. and q. m. gen. '55, Schall, John M., maj. gen. '46, Cleaver, John C, capt. '25, Rich, Charles, capt. '76, Rumbaugh, WiUiam M., capt. '64, Metcalf, Ralph, 1st heut. Rhode Island. '68, Grosvenor, Robert, col. '24, Babbitt, Jacob, maj. '68, Richards, Egbert S., capt. South Carolina. '28, Adams, James H., brig. gen. '26, Webb, Thomas L., col. '25, Porcher, Thomas C., capt. '26, Porcher, Frederick A., 1st heut. and adj. Tennessee. '28, Harding, Wilham G., maj. gen. Texas. '28, Lee, Roswell W., col. Vermont. '64, Estey, Julius J., brig. gen. '24, Fletcher, Ryland, brig. gen. '36, Jackman, Alonzo, brig. gen. in command of state troops '56, Kingsley, Le\-i G., brig. gen. and q. m. gen. '32, Lewis, William E., brig. gen. '38, Partridge, Lewis S., adj. gen. '25, Ransom, Truman B., maj. gen. , . '67, Hill, Howard F., chaplain '63, Dewey, Wilham S., col '51, Fletcher, Albert A., col. '69, Spaulding, Joseph H., col. '57, Tyler, George O., col. '60, Shattuck, Samuel W., col. '41, Warren, Stephen H., col. '79, Howe, Frank L., heut. col. '95, Thomas, Fred B., maj. '08, Barber, Charles N., capt. '99. Brooks, HezekiahK., capt. '44, Brown, Edward M., capt. '96, Dole, Harry R., capt. '07, Everts, Joseph A., capt. '2.5, Fox, Wilham C, capt. '94, Gibson, Ernest W., capt. '65, Goddard. Samuel H., capt. '25, GoodaU, David, capt. '64, Hitchcock, Elisha P., capt. '65, Houghton, Edmund C, capt. '05, Howe, Harold M., capt. '32, Kidder, Jefferson P., capt. '23, Lyman, Charles, capt. '83, Miner, George R., capt. '95, Moseley, Harry C, capt. '99, Moseley, John P., capt. '30, Pennock, Nathan L., capt. '96, Plumley, Charles A., capt. '11, Richmond, Neal W., capt. '76, Riunbaugh, Wilham M., capt. '24, Cheney, Wales, 1st lieut. and adj. '65, Child, Oscar B., 1st lieut. and adj. '09, Gilmour, John T., lieut. and adj. '25, Holbrook, John C, 1st heut. and adj. '09, Thomas, Chester C, 1st heut. and adj. '03, Brownell, James S., 1st lieut. '05, Deal, Harry R., 1st heut. '78, Hiland, Frank E., 1st lieut. '38, Little, Jeliial, 1st heut. '01, Robertson, Wilham E., 1st lieut. '77, Spalding,BurleighF., 1st lieut. SERVICE OF ALUMNI IN THE STATE MILITIA. 481 '03, Ball, Ernest S., 2nd lieut. '09. Bayley, Luther P., 2d lieut. '06, Bean, Earl L., 2d lieut. '93, Bennett, Edward C, 2d lieut. '64, Cargill,',Charles G., 2d lieut. '03, Farrington, William R., 2d lieut. '11, Helyar, Jame.sE., 2d lieut. '25, Mower, Henry, en.sign '08, Muller, Holli.s L., 2d lieut. '97, Spafford, William C, 2d lieut. '04, Washburn, William E. C, 2d lieut. '06, Hovey, Bradford P., sergt. maj. '94, Smith, Raymond U., sergt. maj. '89, Terrill, Willis E., 1st sergt. '86, Randall, Pliil S., 1st sergt. '87, Austin, Charles E., sergt. '93, Austin, FlynnG., sergt. '88, Austin, Fred T., sergt. '74, Silver, Robert A., sergt. '06, Tenney, Clarence A., sergt. '99, Lovell, George P., sergt. '99, Aldrich, Frank L., corp. '87, Cook, Arthur C, corp. '93, Gokey, P>ank A., corp. '83, Howe, Wilbur C, corp. Virginia. '41, Nalle, Benjamin F., col. '28, Yates, Francis, col. Washington. '79, Carr, Eugene M., brig. gen. in command of state troops. Wisconsin. '."}4, Bryant, George E., q. m. gen. '61, Curtis, Charles A., col. '50, Dana, Stillman, E., col. '48, Atwood, Julius P., capt. '48, Dixon, Luther S., capt. NAVAL RESERVES. Massachusetts. '03, Drown, Frank S., seaman. New Jersey. '80, Peters, Edward Mc. C, com- mander. Guarding the Colors. Hike, igio. 482 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. Arizona- Colonel, California. Major, 1 Captain, 1 2 Connecticut. Major Generals, 3 Brigadier Generals, 2 Captains, 4 First Lieutenant and Adjutant, 2 SUMMARY OF MILITIA 1 District of Columbia. Captain, Florida. Lieutenant Colonel, Georgia. Captain, Illinois. Brigadier (ieneral, Colonels, Captains, Indiana. Colonel, Iowa. Captain, Kansas. Captain, Louisiana. Colonel, Major, Maine. Lieutenant Colonel, First Lieutenant, Second Lieutenant, 11 1 Maryland. Major, 1 Massachusetts. Brigadier General, 1 Colonel, and Assistant Quarter- Master General, 1 Colonels, 3 Colonel and Medical Director, 1 Lieutenant Colonels, Major, 1 Captains, (5 First Lieutenants, 3 Second Lieutenant, 1 Sergeant Majors, 2 Plrst Sergeant, 1 Sergeant, 1 Corporal, - 1 Michigan. Colonel, Captain, Minnesota. Colonel, Mississippi. Colonel, Missouri. Major General, Montana. First Lieutenant, 23 New Hampshire. Colonel and Assistant Adjutant General, 1 Colonels, fi Majors. 2 Captains, .5 First Lieutenant and Adjutant, 1 Second Lieutenant, 1 IG New Mexico. Colonel and Adjutant General, 1 New York. Adjutant General, 1 Colonel and Assistant Adjutant Generals, 2 Colonels, 3 Captains, 2 Majors, , 5 Corporals, 2 15 SUMMARY OF SERVICE BY STATES AND BY RANK. 483 North Carolina. Major General, Colonels, Major, North Dakota. Captain, Ohio. Captain, Pennsylvania. Major Generals and (Quarter- Master General, Major General, Captains, First Lieutenant, Rhode Island. Colonel, Major, Captair., South Carolina. Brigadier General, Colonel, Captain, First Lieutenant and Adjutant, Tennessee. Major General, Texas. Colonel, 1 Vermont Major General, 1 5 Brigadier Generais in command of state militia 2 Adjutant General, 1 I Brigadier and Quarter-Master general, 1 Brigadier Generals, 2 1 Colonels, 6 Major, 1 Chaplain, 1 Captains, 21 First Lieutenant and Adjutants 5 1 First Lieutenants, 6 1 Second Lieutenants, 10 3 Ensign, 1 1 Sergeant Majors, 2 - First Sergeants, 2 G Sergeants, 6 Corporals, 4 1 72 1 1 Virginia. Colonels, 2 Washington. Brigadier Generals in command of state troop, 1 Wisconsin. Quarter-master General, 1 Colonels, 2 Captains. 2 SEiniCE IX THE MILITIA BY P.AXK. Major Generals, 8 Quarter-Master General, 1 Brigadier Generals, 1 1 Brigadier and Adjutant Generals, 3 Colonel and Adjutant Generals, 4 Colonels, 38 Lieutenant Colonels, 4 Majors, 14 Surgeon, 1 Chaplain, 1 Captains, 57 First Lieutenant and Adjutants, 9 First Lieutenants, 12 Second Lieutenants, 12 Ensign, 1 Sergeants Majors, 4 First Sergeants, 3 Sergeants, 7 Corporals, 7 197 CHAPTER X. HISTORY OF FRATERNITIES, ALUMNI ASSOCIATIONS AND UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS. Introduction — The Regulators — Fraternities — Commons Club — The General Alumni Association and the New York, Boston, Vermont AND St. Louis Associations — University Oavl — Reveille — War Whoop — The Record. One of the most distinctive features of our American college life is the Fraternity. The ''Frat" is the chief social factor of a college; within its walls the students meet for social, literary, and fraternal purposes. By many educators the fraternities are considered a menace to the life of a college; but a careful study of tlie history of the numer- ous fraternities show that they have l)een productive of much good to the various institutions of learning. The competition between the fraternities of a college in securing members tends to increase the scholarship and deportment of the students. The alumni of the various colleges will remember the many arguments given in " chinning" for new members as : the high rank of their " frat" in scholarship, its prominence in literary work, athletics, etc. Then, too, the carrying on of a successful campaign each year, for new members, gives a valuable training to the students in the prac- tical affairs of life. In these campaigns the students learn human nature and gain the first practical knowledge in handling men, which is the greatest factor in a successful career. The necessity for "societies" was earl}" felt in the old " Aca- demy." In chapter 1 (pages 51 and 52) is given an account of the Polemic and Franklin societies. From 1835 to 1852 several literary societies were organized (see pages 81-83). In 1847, the Amethyleton society was organized and continued in existence but a short time. The Philomathian society was founded in the fifties. The Parthenon society was organized in 1859. It had a membership of 48 in 1860, and of 44 in 1861. The oflEicers in 1860 were: Charles Morton, president; S. W. Shattuck, vice-president; Nathaniel Irish, orator; Charles A. Curtis, poet; G. M. Bascom, censor; Josiah Hall, secretary; E. C. Saltmarsh, treasurer; C. B. PARTHENON, ATHENIAN, PLATONIAN AND FRESHMAN SOCIETIES. 485 Stoughton, G. A. Converse, and Thomas W. Eayre, standing com- mittee. In December 1860, the officers were: Thomas W. Eayre, president; Charles B. Stoughton, vice-president; Ellas F. Smith, orator; Charles A. Curtis, poet; T. H. Kellogg, censor; G. A. Con- verse, secretary; E. A. Chandler, treasurer; E. T. Jones, A. B. Hutchinson, and W. A. Phillipes, standing committee. The officers in 1861, were: Charles B. Stoughton, president; Edward T. Jones, vice-president; L. D Allen, orator; Charles A. Curtis, poet; W. A. Phillipes, censor; W. S. Dewey, secretary; J. B. Thompson, trea- surer; C. H. Atwood, G. A. Converse, and Rody Patterson, Jr., standing committee. In 1862, the Parthenon society was dis- banded and in its place two societies, the "Athenian" and the "Platonian" were formed. The membership of the Athenian society was as follows: 1862, 57; 1863, 71 ; 1864, 73. The officers for 1862 were: Charles E. Bush, president; Adin H. Whitmore, vice-president; Henry E. Alvord, secretary; William S. Dewey, treasurer; R. L. Moses, censor; W. S. Vernam, reader; D. F. Phelps and H. M. Phillips, critics; In 1863: C. E. Rich, president; F. A. Sawyer, vice-president; C. J. Chapin, secretary; C. D. Gregory, treasurer; J. S. Potter, censor; R. C. Lord, reader; W. F. Bascom, and D. F. Phelps, critics; W. S. Dewey, R. L. Moses and C. F.' Thorndike, executive com- mittee; 1864: C, F. Tillinghast, president; C. N. Kent, vice- president; W. F. Bascom, secretary; C. F. Thorndike, treasurer; E. D. Adams, censor; F. A. Sawyer, reader; John H. Osgood, and W. F. Ladd, critics; James V. Sweetser, M. B. Stebbins and John C. Boyd, executive committee. The membership of the Platonian society was as follows : 1862, 52; 1863, 72; 1864, 73. The officers for 1862 were: T. H. Kellogg, president; Rody Patterson, Jr., vice-president; W. H. Chaffin, secretary; George W. Smith, treasurer; L. Byron Fuller, censor; Norman Call, reader; T. J. Lasier and G. H. Ober, critics; In 1863 : Rody Patterson, Jr., president; Charles H. Atwood, vice-president; Curtis S. Barrett, secretary; F. H. McCulloch, treasurer; A. W. White, censor; T. J. Lasier, reader; G. A. Folsom and J. S. Richards, critics. In 1864: Thomas J. Lasier, president; Charles H. Smart, vice-president; Charles B. Ormsbee, secretary; Thomas S. Thorn- dike, treasurer; J. I\I. Glidden, censor; William Fiske, reader; W. H. Johnson and J. S. Richards, critics. The records of the societies for the years 1864-66 are not obtainable. The UK A, a freshman society, was organized in 1860 and continued in existence until the University was moved to North- 486 NORWICH UNIVERSITY field. The membership in 18GU was 16; 1861 8; 1862, 16; 1863, 15; 1864, 29. The officers in 1860 were Edward T.Jones, and Edwin A. Chandler, presidents, G. A. Converse, vice-president; Van B. Sleeper and H. E. Alvord, secretaries; J. W. F. Washburn and J. II. Cocroft, D. K. A. A. In 1861, James H. Cocroft, president; Wil- liam R. Hoyt, ^'ice-president; Norman Call, secretary; Albert Sabine, D. K. A. A. The roster of officers for the 3'ears 1862-66 has not been preserved. The first Friendship Club was organized in 1852, and in each year until 1860 this organization was continued. These clubs were formed for social purposes and were all pledged to meet on Norwich Plain in the "Year of Jubilee," 1860. At that time the General Alumni Association (q. v.) was formed by the club members. if Beginning of the Hike of 1907. THE UNIVERSITY REGULATORS. 487 The Regulators. The Regulators was the first secret society formed at the University. It was established in 1853, to correct through its secret, but effective influence, certain Avrongs then tolerated. Its members were unknown to the profane; its meetings were secret. It established the University Regulators, (q. v.,) the first paper published by the cadets at the University. The organization was continued until 1855. The society held regular meetings for initiation, with a blood curdling ritual and wonderful paraphernalia; and for the self-imposed task of regula- ting the internal affairs of discipline and social order of the Uni- versity. On Friday, August 11, 1854, (the day after commence- ment,) the society elected the following officers : Conscript Father, Chevalier James H. Jerusalem; Vice or Assistant, Ensign Japhet Spondax; Scrabulator, Col. Reuben Y. Stepandfetchit; Vice or Assistant Chaplain Wheedle; Executive Committee, Lieutenant Charlemange, Major-General Squib, Cornet Fizzler. The membership in 1854, was as follows : Society Name. Name. Residence, 1854. Residence, 1911. l.Major-GeneralJSquib ... 2 Ensign Japhet Spondax. . 3 Chev. James H. Jerusalem 4 Col. Reuben Y. Stepand- fetchit 6 Captain Falstaff 6 Lieutenant Charlemange. . 7 Major Flipperteiiopperty- I «« buscabum SiCorporal Squinteye 9 Sergeant Steuben 10 Lieut. Gen. Bombastes Furioso 1 1 Comet Fizzler 12 -Vdjutant Duflop 13 .Surgeon Potiphar 14 Lieut. Col. Peter Snooks. . 15 Chaplain Wheedle 16 Sutler Obadiah Squeezle. . George E. Bryant Fitzwillam, N. H. Obit. JIadison,Wi3.,1907. Oscar H. Leland |Baltimore, Vt Waco, Texas. iQscarE. Learnard iBakersfield, Vt Lawrence, Kan. ^Henry O.Kent [Lancaster, N.H iObit.Lancaster,N.H.1909 John Mitchell iClaremont, N. H Obit. Des Moins. Ia.l890. William D. .Munson iCoIchester, Vt Obit.Colchester.Vt.,1903. iEdmund Jaeger jColumbus, Ohio. . . [Epaphroditus H. Seymour i.Middlebury, Vt William H. Fullerton Windsor, Vt , Egbert Phelps . . Jonas H. Piatt. . Zephaniah Piatt S. Hammond Currier, Obit. Obit, 1864. Windsor, Vt -Middlebury, Vt. . . Plattsburg, N. Y. Colchester, Vt. . . . Norwich, Vt Dunbar R. Ransom Norn^ich, Vt Obit. Fort Worth, Tex. I 1S97. D. Franklin .\ndrus Xorwioh, Vt Obit Somonauk, 111. ,1859 Sayles Nichols Burlington, Vt Burlington, Vt. Joliet, 111. New York City. Obit. Hudson, Wis. ,1880. Obit. Nora-ich, 1890. A true record — ^Attest: STEPANDFETCHIT. Soibulator. m NORWICH UNIVERSITY. THETA CHI. The ThetaChi Society was founded April 10, 1S56, at Norwich University then located at Norwich, Vermont. Its founders, were Arthur Chase of the class of '56, and Frederick Norton Freeman, '56. It was their desire to provide for the benefit of their Alma Mater, a society in which fellow students might receive that training in .the study of literature and in debate which was so important a pavi of the education of the young man of the period; it took the form of a secret society. The Theta Chi Chapter Houbc, Northfield. The eml)leni of the fraternity and the name Theta Chi were adopted at the suggestion of Egbert Phelps, a former student of " N. U.' ' and at that time a student at Union College. The Constitution of the society provided for making it a national organization, but it remained a local for forty-six years, following the fortunes of Norwich University, through the Civil War; and upon the burning of the college buildings at Norwich, went with it to Northfield, Vermont. While the literary features have for the most part disap- j)eared withtheterm "society,"thefi'aternalspirithasincreased with THE THETA CHI FRATERNITY. 489 the adoption of the fraternal designation The Charter roll is as follows : 1S.5(). Alpha, Xoruieh University , 30.') 1902. Beta, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 44 1907. Camma. University of Maine, 04 lOOS. Delta, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 19 1909. Epsilon, Worcester Institute of Technologj^ 32 1 9 1 0. Zeta, New Hampshire State College, 32 1911. Eta, Rhode Island College, 30 Active chapters, 57. Total membership, 5St). While the career of Alpha Chapter has been for the most part uneventful, its growth has been steady, and though with the Uni- versity, it suffered a decline during the years following the Civil War, latter days have been exceedingly prosperous. No class since its inception in l adjoining Professor Shaw's residence at the Center was rented. In Feljru- ary 1910, the active members of the club, cherishing longings that only fraternity affiliations could satisfy, organized the (PKJ fraternity, and the existence of the Commons Club was suddenly terminated. The alumni of the clul) strenoush' opposed the movement, but without success. In the fall of 1910, the Ciuestion of I'e-organizing thecluljwas discussed by the under graduates and the alumni of the old club. Through the energetic work of M. J. Buck, '12, and D. E. Field, '11, a permanent organization was finally perfected in December. In December, 1910, the organization was incorporated by the state legislature as the Commons Club of Norwich L^niversity. Tiie Professor Dole house at the Center, which had been opened in September as a cadet boarding hall, was secured as a clul) house. Through the assistance of the alunmi members of the old club, and benevolent friends, the house has been comfortably furnished. The basic principle of the club is the idea that college life, especially in small colleges, should be more in common, and that fraternities as operating at Norwich are destructive to a true democratic spirit and injurious to military discipline. Consequently the organization aims to give a chance to the non-fraternity men to become better acquainted with each other. The Conmions Club is not a local institution, but is a federa- tion of clubs of non-fraternity men from several colleges. W'esle}'- an is the oldest member and it was from her that the Norwich branch took its name and organization. It was by the efforts 500 NORWICH UNIVEKSITY. of the Norwich club that the national club was formed at a meet- ing in the Dartmouth Commons house in the winter of 1906-07. At the next convention there were delegates from Wesleyan, Amherst, Brown, Union, Middlebury and Norwich. The third meeting was held early in 1909, in Northfield. The strong Tufts club was added to the membership. At present there are five clubs: Middlebury, Tufts, Union, Wesleyan and Norwich in the federation and other clubs are to be admitted during the year. This organization seems to solve the problem of the non- fraternity men, but its work will not be completed until the non- fraternity men in every college are taken care of and are joined in one great body. W. S. Clark, '06, served as the first president of the club and T. J. Holland, '07, as the first vice-president. T. J. Holland, '07, was the second president and continued in office till the middle of the year 1906-07, wdien he left the club to join a fraternity; R. C. North,y08, was then elected to succeed him and followed in his steps somewhat later. The presidents of the club have been as follows : W. S. Clarke, '06, 1906; T. J. Holland, '07, June-1906, Jan-1907; R. C. North, '08, January-June, 1907; F. V. Bourdon, '08, and R. V. Root, '08, 1907-08; H. T. Clark, '09, 1908-09. The officers for 1910-11 are as follows : president, Uorr E. Field, '11; vice-president, Milton Jacobs, '12; secretary, Archie R. Cram, '12; treasurer, Arthur E. Taplin, '12; steward, Myron J. Buck, '12. ^ ROSTER OF MEMBERS. 1906. Cole, Ray A. Carbonell, J. J\l. Dunlop, Robert Clark, W. S. Ripley, Edward 1907. ^eiple, R. H. T^ . 1 -^ T-> Whitman, C. E. Frink, C. U. ' Hoyt, D. LeRoy ^qjq Leonard, O. Y. Lindsey, G. P. *Barrows, Martin Parker, E. F. DilUngham, G. W. Sharp, W. H. Noyes, Albert 1908. Bourdon, F.V. Chase, S. I. Cosman, A. M. McCarthy, F.J. Donahue, Edward J. Root, R. V. Durfee, Edson W. iSjovall, A. H. Field, Dorr E. 1909. King. D. E. Adams, Conrad LinteUe, G. W. Auge,L.E. Tong,G.H. Cassidy, C. P. , Uman, G. L. THE COMMONS CLUB. 501 1912. Buck, Myron J. Cram, Archie R. Hooper, Norman Jacobs, Milton Taplin, Arthur E. Whipple, Charles L 1913. Ayers, Max G. Butler, HowardL. Cheney, PaulE. Marcott, Albert II. Miller, George F. Whitney, John 1914. Barnes, CUnton C. Cheney, Stewart Collins, Edward j . Fisher, Harry C. Lawrence, Homer H. Patterson, Daniel W. Reaside, Edmund R. Sparhawk, ]\Iaurice C. Towsley, Pliilip C. Wheeler, Alton G. Yarrington, Eugene N. SIGMA THETA BANQUET. A pleasing incident took place in the camp of the Vermont regiment at Chickamauga Park, Ga., on Wednesday evening of June 29, 1898. The members of the dX and AJfl fraternities, who were serving in the regiments, held a joint fraternity meet- ing and banquet in the tent of Capt. F. L. Howe, '79, of Co. F. Aljout twelve members were present. It is stated that an elabo- rate menu was served. The toasts Avere responded to as follows: "Old 'N. U.,'" Lieut. Carl G. Dole, '91; "Recollections of the War of '98, and the Shooting of the Spanish Spy," Corp. R. G. Rich, '00; "Al)- sent Members," Private L. A. Skinner, '96; song, "It Is My Last Cigar," Corp. F. L. Howes, '96; "The Tin Soldiers: May their Valor Never Diminish," George F. Baley, '93; "The Future of the Sigma Theta," Sergt. H. R. Dole, '96; Hospital Sergt. Homer J. Dane gave an interesting dissertation of some of the al)struce details of his department. Lieut. George Tilden of Co. F re])- resented the trustees of "N. U." 502 NORWICH UNIVERSITY, PHI KAPPA DELTA FRATERNITY. The peculiar conditions of affairs existing in the Norwich ('omnions Club, and which existed for two years, led those most interested in her future welfare to do something which would put the club in its real light and position before the college and the community at large. Accordingly after deep and mature consideration the club, on February 12, 1910, voted to change its name to the Phi Kappa Delta Fraternity. The general prosperity of the fraternity since then has justified the action of its members in changing its name. The early history of the fraternity is Ihal of the Norwich Commons Club and will not be repeated here. Its present home is a pleasant three-story building on Soutii Main street, near the Center village. The active members are as follows: 1910. Julian W. Alger Louis W. Balcoia Woon Luy Chun Tyler W. Earle Paul S. Emerson Walter B. Frost Everett T. Giles Harold A. Kendall: Frank L. Robinson Joseph H. Whitney 1911. Neal W. Beattii! Glen M. Eastman George G. Foster Julian O. Goodrich Millard W. Bark Albert J. Riley Fenton J. ^^mith Leslie E. Stevens Bert J. Young >'->* 1912. Walter F. Adams Carroll F. Blanchanl Giles A. Hutchinson Clyde F. Joslyn. Hei-man C. Ivendall Frederick C. McCarthy Earl H. Parkman Alanson E. Piatt William E. Scanlon Herbert M. Sherwin Edward P. Therrio Louis R. Witt 1913. Leslie M. Adams Clayton H. Alvord Charles B. Burch Francis T. Burke Francis X. Lee Joseph P. Lee Sidney W. Marble Edmund P. Shaw Lyman E. Snow Harold H. Thompson Raymond H. Underhill 1914. RoUin A. Burditt, Stanley G . Kendall Francis M. Mahard Lee J. Scott Arthur C. Shepard William W. Washburn ALUMNI ASSOCIATION AND REUNION. 503 THE (ilOXKIi.M. ALUMNI AHSOCIATION. The General Alumni Association of the University had its origin in the Friendship Clubs, founded in 1852 In 1852, the graduating class, together with congenial friends among the under graduates, organized the Friendship Club, No. 1, which pledged itself to meet in Nor\\'ich at the commencement of 1860. Ivich succeeding 3'car, clul)s were formed uiiHl the reunion in 1860. The organization of Friendship Clul), No. 2 was as follows: Norwich, Vt., Juno 22, 185.3. "We, the undersigned, members jokI former members of Norwich Uni- versity do by our signatures vohintarily organize ourselves into a society for the purpose of keeping in remembrance those friendly feelings and that brotherly regard which now exists among us. "This society shall be called the Friendship Club, Nunil)cr 2. Its officers shall be a President, Vice-President and Secretary. "Providence permitting, we hereby pledge ourselves that we will meet on Norwich Plain at Commencement, if there is one, in 1860; if not, on the first Thursday after the third Wednesday in August of the above mentioned year. "Officers: J. E. Ainsworth, president; W. M. Bates, secretary; S. II. Currier, assistant secretary; vice-presidents, Egbert Phelps, Henry O.Kenf, George Dewey; members: Howard C. Bancroft, .Jonas H. Piatt, .James Hollister, Edward K. Harris, D. Kellogg Comstock. Z, Piatt, Benjamin M. Beckwith, A. Gordon Hall, E. H. Seymour, Sayles Nichols, George Olcott, .Jr.; Honorary: Alfred M. Cjiannell, D. F. Andrus, Robert T. Pettis, H. A. Gillum, George E. Bryant, W. R. ^Vrmilye." The organization was formed as agreed uj)()n in 1860. The notice of the first meeting was as follows: NORWICH UNIVERSITY. The Reunion of 1860. "The undersigned, a committee appointed by the faculty of Norwich University, and designated by the various societies whose reunion is con- templated upon the occasion of the coming Commencement, take this method of conveying to former cadets information regarding the date of the jubilee, and so far as practicable the order of exercises to be observed on that occasion. "Commencement will occur on Thursday, August 16, 1860, and ample provisions have been made for its observance by the authoarities of the Uni- versity and the cadets at present at the Institution. It is desired that all who expect to participate in the celebration of the reuniou. reach Norwi/ch. so far as possible, on the evening of Tuesday, August 11. 504 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. "Wednesday forenoon will be occupied by the several societies in pre- liminary meetings, as well as perfecting an official order of exercise, and by all, as a season of social reunion. Wednesday afternoon, the different societies and all formerly connected with the institution will assemble at some point hereafter to be designated, when remarks and addresses will be made an. Wliittier, '66; Robert Grosvenor, '68; Charles H. Read, '65; J. J. Estey, '64; Clinton S. Averill, '49, and Dr. Joseph Stedman, '59. 506 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. Capt. C. A. Curtis, '61, offered a resolution on the necessity of establishing Alumni Associations in Boston and New York. The following men were appointed a committee to take charge of the matter: Charles N. Kent, '64; P. A. Eastman, '73; Charles G. Griffith, 72; George Steele, '72; A. L. Sheldon, '73; W. P. Clement, '72; S. Dana Hayes, '57; W. B. Eaton, '66; C. H. Heed, '65, and J. A. L. Wliittier, '66. The following men were appointed on the committee to raise funds for the "Jackson Professorship": Rev. Josiah Swett, '37; Capt. H. E. Alvord, '63; Prof. Charles Dole, '69. It was voted to hold the meetings every five years. The following resolution was passed : Re^iulved: That in couimoii with all the other eihicational iii.stitlitious of the country, Nonvich University must depend for its chief support upon the friendship of its alumni and past cadets. That they, therefore, should have a voice in its management, and that to retain the good will and hearty co- operation of our Associations, the Trustees should give ear to the alumni, and in filling vacancies oecvu-ring in their Board, award preference to the past cadets of "N.U." A resolution was passed asking the trustees of the University " to make no alteration in the name of the University, course of study, standard of admission, scholarsliip, discipline, uniform, or any other characteristics of the Institution." The association met at 5 o'clock, p. m., July 1, at the Northfield House. Col. H. 0. Kent, '54, was elected president; Thomas J. Easier, '64, secretary; Charles A. Ciu'tis, '61, treasurer. A vice-president was elected from each class, beginning with 18 '6. After the business meeting, the alumni dinner was served in the Northfield House. The fifth reunion, held at the commencement of 1880, was not largely attended. The association held a short meeting at 11:00 a. m., June 18, 1884; Maj. 0. S. Tenney, '45, presided. At 7:30 p. M., the sixth regular meeting was held. Major Tenney presided. A conmiittee consisting of Capt. W. M. Rum- baugh, '76; F. L. Howe, '80; W. P. Clement, '72, and S. D. Conant, '72, was appointed to raise funds to erect a suitable monument in Elmwood Cemetery, in memory of General Jackman. Rev. Homer White, trustee, read an original poem, "The Patriot Soldiers," after which the annual banquet was served. The meeting was well attended. The officers elected were: W. P. Clement, '72, president; S. D. Conant, '72, vice-president and W. P. Dorr, '72, secretary. At the seventh annual meeting, held at commencement of THE GENERAL ALUMNI ASSOCIATIOX. 507 1888. the following men were nominated to sei-ve as alumni trustees: Prof. Charles Dole, '69, for five years; :\Iajor H. E. Alvord, '63, for fom- years; Robert A. Silver, '74, three years; B.F.Spaiilding, '77, and J. E. I\Ioore, '73, one year. It was voted to hold an alumni banquet in 1889 and Prof. Chas. Dole, '69; W. E. Hassam, '87, and P. I>. Irish, '89, Avere appointed to make the necessary ar- rangements. The eighth regular meeting was held at the University Chapel, June 26, 1889. It was voted to hold the meeting each year instead of quinquennially, and that the secretary should be a resident of Northfield. Beginning with this year, blank ballots were sent to the various alumni to vote for the alumni trustees. The following men were elected: Prof. Charles Dole, '69; John R. Moore, '73; B. F. Spaulding, '77; N. L. Sheldon, '84. The officers elected were: president, Joseph Stedman, '59; first vice-president. Prof. Charles Dole, '69; second vice-president, Prof. W. M. Rum- baugh, '76; third vice-president, E. M. Carr, '79; fourth vice-presi- dent, M. A. Howe, '82; fifth vice-president. F. S. Parker, '84; secretary. Prof. J. B. Johnson, '79; treasurer, L. B. Johnson, '88. The endowment fund of the University was discussed, and those present subscribed SI 700 as a l^eginning for a permanent endow- ment fund. Prof. J. B. Johnson was elected treasurer of the fund. A finance committee consisting of D. E. Wilmarth. '84, N. L. Sheldon, '84, R. L. Irish, '89, and :\r. A. Howe, '82, was appointed to solicit for the fund. The ninth annual meeting was held at commencement in 1890. The officers elected were: president, N. L. Sheldon, '84; secretary and treasurer. Prof. J. B. Johnson, '79. It was voted to arrange for public exercises in 1891 and to have an evening set apart for the meeting; also voted to have the association incorporated as the '^ Norwich University Alumni Association.' a The tenth annual meeting was held at Concert Hall, Wednes- day evening, June 24, 1891. Rev. H. F. Hill, '67, delivered the principal address. A speech was made by Prof. Charles Dole, '69. The "N. U." Glee Club furnished the music. The banquet was held in the vestry of the Methodist Church. Rev. I. P. Booth acted as toastmaster. Toasts were responded to by Major O. S. Tenney,'45; F. C. Hatch, 76; Lieut. E. H. Catlin, U. S. A. Com- mandant; H. N. Cross, '89; Prof. C. C. Brill; Rev. H. F. Hill, '67; Rev. J. Hamilton, pastor of the Methodist Church; Dr. George Nichols and L. B. Johnson, '88. George D. Thomas, '76, was elected alumni trustee. The old board of officers was re-elected. 50S NORWICH UNIVERSITY. The eleventh annual meeting was held at the parlors of the Northfield House, Wednesday evening, June 29, 1892. Vice- president Charles E. Dole presided. The officers elected were: president Charles Dole, '69; secretary, J. B. Johnson, 79; treasurer, L. B. Johnson, '88; alumni trustee, E. A. Shaw, '91. The officers of the association were made a committee to confer with the trustees of the University, to have the law changed so that the alumni trustee could be elected for five years. The secretary was authori- zed to prepare a general catalogue of the Alumni and Past Cadets. The public exercises were then held at Concert Hall; addresses were made by Rev. Walter Dole, '70; Hon. Frank Plumley, Rev. I. P. Booth and L. B. Johnson, '88. The twelfth annual meeting was held June 27, 1893, at Concert Hall. Professor Dole presided. George W. Hobbs, '58, delivered the principal address. The old board of officers was re-elected. W. M. Rumbaugh, '76, was nominated for alumni trustee. On Aug. 2, 1894, the thirteenth annual meeting was held at Concert Hall. S. D. Conant, '72, delivered the annual address. Rev. Homer White read an original poem, ''The Heroes of 'N. IT.' (q. v.) Brief speeches were made by Col. H. O.Kent, '54; Dr. J. Q. A. McC(41ister, '53; Dr. Joseph Stedman, '59, and Major H. E. Alvord, '63. The old board of officers was re-elected. The alumni catalogue project was discussed and Colonel Kent and Major Alvord, '63, together with the officers of the association, were appointed to carry on the work. The fourteenth annual meeting was held Wednesday evening, June 24, 1895, Mr. N. L. Sheldon, '84, delivered the principal address. Brief speeches were made by J. Q. A. McCollister, '53; Lieut. E. A. Shuttleworth, U. S. A., '91; G. W. Hobbs, '58; Gen. 0. O. Howard, trustee, and Hon. Frank Plumley. The matter of a drill hall and gymnasium was discussed, and a committee composed of F. T. Austin, '88; Lieut. E. A. Shuttleworth, '91; W. E. Hurlbut, '93; Dr. J. Q. A. McCollister, '53, and Prof. J. B. Johnson, '79, was appointed to attend to the matter. The old board of officers was re-elected. The fifteenth annual meeting was held at Concert Hall, Wed- nesday evening, June 24, 1896. Speeches were made by H. F. Hill, '67; Rev. Walter Dole, '70; James M. Holland, '83; J. Q. A. McCollister, '53, and Rev. I. P. Booth. A song, written for the occa- sion by George D. Thomas, '76, was sung. The officers elected were: president, Charles Dole, '69; secretary, J. B. Johnson, '79; treasurer, H. C. Cady, '91. THE GENERAL ALUMNI ASSOCIATION. 509 The sixteenth reunion was held in Concert Hall, Wednesday evening, June 29, 1897. Hon. J. D. Dennison, '68, delivered the principal address. Brief speeches were made by Rev. H. F. Hill, '67; George D. Thomas, '76; Capt. J. M. Stanyan, '50; Rev. I. P. Booth, and Hon. Frank Plumley. The old board of officers was re-elected and Mr. B. W. Gleason, '92, was nominated for Alumni trustee. The seventeenth annual meeting was held in Concert Hall, Wednesday evening, June 29, 1898. Mr. Charles Marseilles de- livered an address on the " Life and Character of President Edward Bourns and Gen. Alonzo Jackman, '36. Brief speeches were made by President A. D. Brown, Prof. Charles Dole, '69; N. L. Sheldon, '84; H.L.Swett, '94. The officers elected were : President, Prof. Charles Dole, '69; vice-presidents, W. A. Shaw, '88, andR.H. Ford, '91 ; secretary. Prof. E. A. Shaw, '91 ; treasurer, H. C. Cady, '91. A necrology committee, composed of W. A. Ellis, '97; H. A. Burt, '73, and R. H. Ford, '91, w^as appointed. The officers of the association, with Prof. J. B. Johnson, were appointed to look after the commencement exercises and W. M. Rumbaugh, '76, was elected alumni trustee. The eighteenth annual meeting was held at Con- cert Hall, June 28, 1899. Rev. S. H. McCollester, '51, delivered the principal address. The nineteenth annual meeting was held in Concert Hall, Wed- nesday evening, June 27, 1900. The Rev. Howard F. Hill, '67, presided. The principal addresses were delivered by Hon. B, F. Spaulding, '77, and Judge E. R. Juckett, '89. Brief speeches were made by Rev. H. F. Hill, '67; W. A. Ellis, '97; F. B. Thomas, '95; James M. Holland, '83. The officers elected were: president, Prof. J. B. Johnson, '79; vice-presidents, E. A. Shaw, '91; Rev. H. F. Hill, '67; F. B.Thomas, '95; secretary, W. A. Shaw, '88; treasurer, P. R. Hoefler, '95. Mr. N. L. Sheldon, was re-elected alumni trustee. The twentieth annual reunion was held at Concert Hall, Wed- nesday evening, June 21, 1901. Prof. E. A. Shaw, presided. Speeches were made by Rev. Walter Dole, '70; Capt. E. A. Shuttle- worth, U. S. A., '91; F. B. Thomas, '95, and Rev. I. P. Booth, trustee. The old board of officers was elected and H. C. Cady, '91, was nominated for trustee. It was voted to assist the athletic association in obtaining a coach for the baseball and football teams. It was also voted to discontinue the public alumni meetings and hold instead informal meetings. F. B. Thomas, '95, and W. E. Terrill, '89, were elected athletic directors and H. C. Cady, '91, 510 NORWICH UN1\ERSITV. treasurer of same. The twenty-first annual meeting Avas held in the chapel in Dodge Hall, Wednesday evening, June 25, 1902. The twenty-second annual meeting was held in Dodge Hall, Wednesday evening, June 25, 1903. Speeches were made liy Gen. G. M. Dodge, '51; George D. Thomas, 76; W. S. Prior, '89 ;C. F. Parker, '90; Prof. Charles Dole, '69; F. W. Conn, '81 ; E. W. Gibson, '94, and Rev. Walter Dole, '70. The officers elected were: George D. Thomas, '76, president; W. A. Shaw, '88, secretary; M. D. Smith, '81, treasurer; athletic directors, F. B. Thomas, '95; W. E. Terrill, '89, and H. C. Cady, '91. The twenty-third annual meeting was held in Howe's Hall, June 22, 1904. The following officers were elected: president, R. H. Ford, '92; secretary, W. A. Ellis, '97; treasurer, M. D. Smith, '81; athletic directors, H. C. Moseley, '95; W. E. Terrill, '89; H. C. Cady, '91, treasurer. Mr. George D. Thomas, '76, was elected as alumni trustee to succeed Mr. N. E. Sheldon, '84, resigned; E. W. Gibson, '94, was elected alumni trustee. After the business meet- ing a " chafing dish' ' banquet was served under charge of Prof. C. S. Carleton, '96; H. C. Cady, '91 ; H. C. Moseley, '95, and W. G. Huntle}', '95. Speeches were made by George D. Thomas, '76; M. D. Smith, '81; J. B. Johnson, '79; R. H. Ford, '92; Prof. E. A. Shaw, '91 ; Charles H. Nichols, '86. The twenty-fourth annual meeting was held in Howe's Hall, Wednesday evening, June 21, 1905, and was one of the most enthu- siastic meetings held for several years. R. H. Ford, '92, presided. Speeches were made by George D. Thomas, '76, president of the Boston Association. Gen. G. M. Dodge, '51, president of the New York Association, spoke on the needs of the University and Mr. Carnegie's recent gift of $50,000. M. D. Smith, '81, and H. C. Cady, '91, also made brief speeches. A report of the Western Association of Chicago was read. A committee consisting of C. W. Pierce, '92; W. A. Shaw% '88, and Prof. C. S. Carleton, '96, was appointed to report on the advisabilit}^ of publishing a technical paper at the University. Professor Shaw was appointed to have an official Uni- versity pin designed. It was voted to have an executive commit- tee composed of the officers of the association. The officers elected were: president, R. H. Ford, '92; secretary, M. D. Smith, '81; trea- surer, H. C. Cady, '91; athletic committee, H. C. Cady, '91; F. B. Thomas, '95, and Prof. E. A. Winslow, '98. The twenty-fifth annual meeting was held Wednesday evening June 26, 1906, at the office of W. D. Smith, '81. The following officers were elected: president, R. H. Ford, '92; secretary and THE GENERAL ALUMNI ASSOCIATION. 511 treasurer, M. D. Smith, '91; athletic committee, I. C. Ellis, '01; H. W. Orser, '02; F. B. Thomas, '95; Mr. H. C. Cady, '91, was re- elected alumni trustee and treasurer of the athletic committee. The twenty-sixth annual meeting was held Wednesday even- ing, June 26, 1907, in Dodge Hall. The officers chosen were: presi- dent, E. A. Shaw, '91; secretary and treasurer, M. D. Smith, '81; committee on necrology, W. A. Ellis, '97; W. A. Shaw, '88; Rev. Walter Dole, '70; commencement committee, H. C. Moseley, '95; K. R. B. Flint, '03; E. A. Shaw, '91; committee on Reveille, K. R. B. Flint, '03, and J. F. Richardson, '00. The twenty-seventh annual meeting was held Wednesday evening, June 17, 1908. The officers chosen were : president, E. A. Shaw, '91; secretary and treasurer, M. D. Smith, '81; committee on necrology. Prof. K. R. B. Flint, '03; W. A. Shaw, '88; Rev. Walter Dole, '70; committee on commencement, H. C. Moseley, '95; Prof. K. R. B. Flint, '03; Prof. E. A. Shaw, '91; committee on Reveille, Prof. K. li. B. Flint, '03; J. A. Holmes, '95, and E. A. Lawrence, '04. The twent}'-eighth annual meeting was held at the Armory, Wednesday evening, June 23, 1909. Prof. E. A. Shaw, presided. The constitution and by-laws of the " Norwich University Journal- istic Association' ' was adopted. The officers elected were : presi- dent, E. A. Shaw, '91; secretary and treasurer. Prof. A. E. Winslow, '98; athletic directors, H. C. Moseley, '95; H. W. Orser, '02; I. C. Ellis, '01 ; director for the Journalistic Association, A. E. Winslow, '98; alumni trustee, W. E. Hassam, '87. The meeting then ad- journed to the main floor of the Armory, where a reception was given to the alumni and visiting friend-. The twenty-ninth annual meeting was hekl .June 22, 1910, at Armory Hall. Prof. A. E. Shaw, '91, presided. A committee w'as appointed and plans made for the 100th anniversary of '"N. U." A committee was also appointed to publish an alumni roster. The following officers were elected: president, E. A. Shaw, '91; first vice-president, Dr. W. G. Huntley, '95; second vice-president, F. B. Thomas, '95; third vice-president, Dr. W. P. Beauclerk, '96; secre- tary and treasurer, A. E. Winslow, '98; athletic directors, I. C. Ellis, '01; H. W. Orser, '02; W. G. Huntley, '95; obituary com- mittee, W. A. Ellis, '97; Journalistic director, W. E. C Washburn, '04. 512 Norwich university. The roster of the officers is as follows : PRESIDENTS. '72, Clement, W. P. 1884-89 '69, Dole, Charles 1892-99 1901-02 '92, Ford, R. H. 1904-07 '79, Johnson, J. B. 1900-01 '54, Kent, H. O. 1860-80 '91, Shaw, E. A. 1907-01 '59, Stedman, Joseph 1889-92 '76, Thomas, Geo. D. VICE-PRESIDENTS. 1903-04 '96, Beauclerk.W.P 1910 '91, Booth, A. F 1892-90 '87, Booth, E.V. 1890-92 '98, Bump, L. C. 1906-07 '91, Cady,H.C. 1909 '79, Carr, E.M. 1889-90 '57, Clark, Warren 1860-65 '72, Conant, S. D. 1884-85 '52, Deniston.C. Y. 1860-65 '65, Dewey, .1. J. 1892-96 '51, Dodge, G. M. 1905-06 '69, Dole. Charles 1889-92 '92, Ford, R. H. 1901-02 '93, Gaynor, E. W. 1907-10 '94, Gibson, E. W. 1905-06 '67, Hill.H.F. 1900-01 '80 Howe, F. L. 1892-96 '83 Howe, M. A. 1889-90 '96 Howes, P. S. 1907 '83 Holland, James M. 1906-07 '65 Houghton, E. C. 1890-92 '95 Huntlev, W. A. 1910 '54 Kent, H. O. 1906-07 '.55 Lewis, C. H. 1890-92 '76 Mcllwaine, T. C. 1892-96 '93, Mattison.H.M. '84, Parker. F. S. '54, Piatt, Zephaniah '00, Richardson, J. F. '76, Rumbaugh, W. M. '91, Shaw, E. A. '88, Shaw, W. A. '91, Shuttleworth, E. A. '52, Simmonds, S. C. '91,Smith, P. G. '60, Smith, S.T. '59, Stedman, Joseph '82, Steele, F. E. '01. Strong, W.H.C. '95, Thomas, F. B. '55, Washburn, D.W. 1904 1889-92 1861-65 1904-07 1889-90 1900-01 1898-99 1901-02 1860-65 1904-05 1860-65 1860-65 1901-02 1860-65 1900-01, 1910 1860-65 SECRETARIES. '55, Chase, Arthur 1860-65 '72, Dorr, W. R. 1884-89 '97, Ellis, W. A. 1904-05 '79, Johnson, J. B. 1889-98 '64, Lasier, T. J. 1875-80 '55, Phelps, Egbert 1860-65 '91, Shaw, E. A. 1898-00 '88, Shaw, W. A. 1900-04 '81, Smith, M. D. 1905-09 '98, Winslow, E. A. 1909 TREASURERS. '91.Cady,H.:-C. '61, Curtis, C. A. '79, Johnson, J. B. '88, Johnson, L. B. '95, Hoefler, P. R. '81, Smith, M.D. '98. Winslow, E. A. 1896-00, 1905-00 1875 1890-92, 1894-96 1889-90, 1892-94 1900-03 1903-05, 1906-09 1909 ALUMNI ASSOCIATIONS. 513 THP] NEW YORK ALUMNI ASSOCIATION. In 1875, an attempt was made to form an association in New York City, but without success. In 1883, General G. M. Dodge, '51, Ijecame interested in the matter and called a meeting at tlie Hotel Brunswick, Wednesday evening, March 28, 1883. About twenty-five of the alunmi responded and an organization was perfected. General G. M. Uodge, '51, was elected president and Waldo P. Clement, '72, secretary and treasurer. After the business meeting the members adjourned to the banquet rooms, which were tastefully decorated. General Dodge acted as toast master, and gave a brief introductory speech on the work and needs of the University. Dr. C L. Hath- away, '69, vice-president of the University, nuide the principal address. The other speakers of the evening were: Col. Charles B. Stoughton, '61; Maj. G. M. Basconi, U. S. A., '60; C. E. Rich, '63; W. R. Vermilye, '55; Maj. H. E. Alvord, '63; W. P. Clement, '72, and A. L. Sheldon, '73. A committee was appointed to make arrangements for celebrating, in 1884, the 50th anniversary of the University, since its incorporation in 1834. An effort was made in February, 1890, to hold a reunion, but without success. The second meeting was held in the parlors of Clark's Hotel, at 23 West 23d Street, March 22, 1892. The following officers were elected: president. Gen. G. M. Dodge, '51; vice-presidents. Rev. C. H. Fay, '37; C. E. Rich, '63; W. R. Mead, '64, and W. M. Rumbaugh, '76; secretary and treasurer, George R. Miner' 83. General Dodge acted as toast master. Rev. C. H. Fay, '37, responded to the toast "Norwich University"; Mv. J. K. Egerton, a trustee of the University, presented the needs of the Institution. Brief speeches were made by Capt. George W. Hobbs, '58, Prof. C. C. Brill, Rev. H. F. Hill, '67, and W. P. Clement, '72. The third meeting was held at Delmonico's, 26th Street and Fifth Avenue, April 13, 1893. The meeting was well attended. The guests of the association were: General Horace Porter, the distinguished soldier and diplomat; General Swayne; Mr. Robert J. Kimball, president of the Brooklyn Societ}' of Vermonters; Judge Russell of New York, a graduate of Dartmouth; General Stanley, U. S. A.; Maj. H. E. Alvord, '63, and Col. John R. Van Wormer. General Dodge delivered a brief address on the military work of the University. Prof. C. C. Brill of the University gave details of the work at tlie Institution and ably presented 514 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. its needs. General Horace Porter made an eloquent address and gave interesting facts as to Captain Partridge's military school in Harrisbm-g, Pa. (q. v.) General Swayne, who had served in the war under General Ransom, '51, and General Dodge, gave an eloquent address on the work of General Ransom in the Civil War. Speeches were made by Mr. Kimball, General Stanley, and Maj. H. E. Alvord, 'Q'A. The officers elected were; president. Gen. G. M. Dodge, '51; secretary and treasurer, George R. Miner, '83. Attempts were made to continue the meetings, but without success. In 1901, General Dodge, with the assistance of J. F. Richardson, '00, and W. A. Ellis, '97, succeeded in placing the association on a sound footing. The fourth meeting was held at the Everett House, Union Square, May 15, 1901. The meeting proved a great success, fully fifty of the Alumni and friends of the University being present. Mr. W. M. Bates, '55, a classmate of Admiral Dewey and proprietor of the hotel, did much to promote the meet- ing by his generous hospitality. The guests of the associa- tion were: Ex-governor U. A. Woodbury of Vermont; Rev. K. L. Stoddard, '65; Hiram R. Steele, a former president of the Brooklyn Society of the Sons of Vermont, and Col. John R. Van Wormer. General Dodge acted as toast master and gave a brief introductory address on the history of the Uni- versity. Governor W^oodbur}- paid a glowing tribute to the work of the University. Rev. E. L. Stoddard, '65, gave several remini- scences of his cadet days. Hon. Isaac T. Smith, '28, the oldest cadet, gave an eloquent address on the life of Captain Partridge and the history of the old A. L. & S. M. Academy. Speeches were also made by Mr. Hiram R. Steele, Col. John R. Van Wormer and Dudley F. Phelps, '64. General Dodge was re-elected president and Edward ]\IcC. Peters, '80, vice-president; and W. N. Jones, General Dodge's private secretary, secretary and treasurer. This board of officers continued until the fall of 1909. The fifth annual reunion was held at the Everett House, May 1, 1902. Over fifty alumni and guests were present. Gen- eral Dodge acted as toast master, and Col. H. 0. Kent, '54, gave the principal address. Speeches were also made by President A. D. Brown, Hon. Frank Plumley of Northfield, N. L. Sheldon, '84, and Col. John R. Van Wormer. The sixth annual reunion was held at the Everett House, April 23, 1903. Fifty alunmi and guests were present. General O. 0. Howard, (q. v.) a trustee, was the principal speaker. He NEW YORK ALUMNI ASSOCIATION. 515 presented the needs of the University and paid a ^lowins tribute to the work of Generals Dodge and Ransom. Hon. Isaac T. .Smitli, '28, made an eloquent speech on the work of the Univer- sity; Gen W. W. H. Davis, '43, gave an interesting account of his cadet daj'^s; Maj. H. E. Alvord, '68, spoke on the work of the College Cavaliers (q. v.) in 1862. Brief speeches were made by D. F. Phelps, '64; Samuel T. Wellman, '66; Colonel Church, editor of the Army and Navy Journal; Ex-postmaster General J. S. Clarkson of Iowa and Colonel John R. Van Wormer of the Union League Club. A special meeting was held in the ofRce of General Dodge, at 2 p. M., April 14, 1904, at which several of the alumni were present. The matter of a new barracks was discussed and its erection determined upon. This was made possible by the generous aid of General Dodge and Mr. Edward D. Adams, '64. The seventh reunion was held at the Everett House on the evening of the same day. Sixty-two members and guests were present. The guests were: Professor C. C. Brill, Admiral George Dewey, '55; ^Major General H. C. Corbin, U. S. A.; Major General O. O. Howard, U. S. A.; Brigadier General John A. Johnston, U. S. A.; Major H. W. Hovey, U. S. A., commandant "N. U."; Rev. W. R. Huntington, '55; Hon. Isaac T. Smith, '28; Hon. D. B. Henderson of Iowa; Commander G. P. Colvocoresses, U. 8. N., '66 : Col. H. 0. Kent/ 54; W. C. Church, editor of the Army and Navy Journal; and Col. John R. Van Wormer. Professor Brill presented the needs of the University and spoke on the necessity of having a new barracks to accommodate the largely increased corps of cadets; Major Hovey also spoke on the needs of the institution; Admiral Dewey gave several reminiscences of his cadet life at "N. U." and paid a glowing tribute to the memory of General Jackman. General Corbin made a brief speech. Commander G. P. Colvocoresses spoke on the work of Captain Partridge, the founder of "N. U." and the University graduates; Hon. Isaac T. Smith, '28, paid a glowing tribute to the memory of his old instructor, Captain Partridge; General Howard spoke on the needs of the University and asked the co-operation of all those present on the construction of the new barracks; Colonel Kent spoke on the past deeds of the sons of " N. U.' ' Mr. Adams testified to the value of a training received at the University. This meeting was the most successful held by the association. The eighth reunion was held at the Everett House, .Alarch 30, 1905. Eighty-four niemliors and guests were present. The 516 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. guests of the association were: President Charles H. Spooner, '78; Major General O. 0. Howard, Brigadier General John A. Johnston, U. S. A.; Colonel A. H. Merrill, Frank Trumbull, president of the Colorado & Southern R. R. ; Ex-Governor U. A. Woodbury of Vermont, Major General Fred D. Grant, U. S. A.; Brigadier General A. L. Mills, U. S. A., Superintendent of West Point; George D. Thomas, '76, Major H. W. Hovey, U. S. A., command- ant; Col. John R. Van Wormer, A. Noel Blakeman and V. G. Bogue, C. Vj. Seventeen of the corps of cadets were present as guests of the association. General Dodge spoke at some length on the needs of the University and the recent gift of $50,000 from Mr. Carnegie; Hon. Isaac T. Smith, '28, then ninety-two years of age, gave an address on Captain Partridge's system of educa tion; Col. A. L. Mills gave the history of Captain Partridge at West Point, and paid a glowing tribute to his services as super- intendent. General Grant spoke on the work of the cadets of '^N. U." Brief speeches were also made by Gen. John A. Johnston, U. S. A., Ex-Governor Woodbury, Col. John R. Van Wormer, Cadet Maj. H. R. Deal, '05, and Cadet Joseph Denny, '05. The ninth annual reunion was held at the Everett House April 6, 1906. Eighty members and guests were present. The guests of the association were: President Charles H. Spooner, '78; Gen. 0. 0. Howard, Plon. Frank Plumley, Col. W. C. Church, Gen. John A. Johnston, U. S. A. ; Gen. Horace Porter, Gen. Fred D. Grant, U. S. A.; Maj. H. W. Hovey, U. S. A.; A. Noel Blake- man, Col. John R. Van Wormer and Frank Trumbull. The corps of cadets were represented by a delegation of fourteen men. Speeches were made by President Spooner, General Porter, General Howard, General Grant, Maj. H. W. Hovey, U. S. A.; R. H. Ford, '92; Cadet Maj. Bradford P. Hovey, '06, of the corps of cadets. Mr. W. A. Ellis, '97, was called on by General Dodge to explain in regard to the proposed second edition of the " N. U." History. The tenth annual reunion was held at the Murray Hill Hotel, March 9, 1909. In 1906, Mr. W. M. Bates,'55, assumed the manage- ment of this hotel and the annual banquets have since been held there. Ninety members and guests were present. The guests of the association were: Gen. F. D. Grant, U. S. A.; Col. H. I. Scott, U. S. A., superintendent of West Point; Lieut. Col. Robert Hawze, U. S. A., commandant of West Point; Lieut. L. A. I. Chapman, U. S. A., commandant; A. Noel Blakeman, Prof. H. R. Roberts of the University, Gen. O. 0. Howard, President- 518 NOEWICH UNIVERSITY . Charles H. Spooner, 78; Col. W. M. Church, Frank Trumbull and Col. John C. VanWormer. General Dodge made an eloquent address on the early history of the University and the work of the graduates in the Civil War. Speeches were made by Presi- dent C. H. Spooner, '78; Lieut. L. A. I. Chapman, U. S. A.; General Grant, Lieut. Col. Hawze, President Trumbull of the Colorado & Southern R. P., Cadet Lieut. Davis and Cadet Barber. The eleventh annual reunion was held at the Murray Hill Hotel, February 15, 1908. Sixty members and guests were present. The guests of the association were: President Charles H. Spooner, '78; Governor F. D. Proctor of Vermont; Maj. Gen. J. F. Bell, U. S. A.; Gen. O. 0. Howard, Gen. Horace Porter, Maj. Gen. F. D. Grant, Col. R. L. Hawze, U. S. A., commandant of West Point, and Frank L. Fisk. Fifteen of the corps of cadets were present and added much to the interest of the occasion. Speeches were made by President Spooner, Governor Proctor, General Bell, General Horace Porter, General Howard, General Grant, Colonel Hawze, Lieutenant Chapman, U. S. A.; Frank L. Fisk, and Cadet Karl F. Baldwin. In 1909, owing to the absence of General Dodge from the city, the regular meeting was not held. A special meeting of the association was held at the Murray Hill Hotel, October 13, 1909. About twenty of the members were present. General Dodge presided and gave many reminis- censes of his life on the plains. He then told the association that owing to his retirement from active work and his removal to his old home in Council Bluffs, he would have to resign. His resigna- tion was regretfully accepted and Mr. Edward D. Adams, '64, was elected in his place. Commander E. McClure Peters, '80, was re-elected vice-president; Charles H. Nichols, '86, secretary and treasurer, and B. P. Hovey, '06, assistant secretary. The twelfth annual reunion was held at the Murray Hill Hotel, March 25, 1910. About fifty members and guests were present. President Edward D. Adams, '64. acted as toast master. The guests of the association were: President Spooner, '78; Dean H. R. Roberts; Capt. L. A. I. Chapman, U. S. A.; Prof. E. A. Winslow, '98, of the University; Lieut. James Mayes, U. S. A.; Mr. Hiram Percy Maxim, and Dr. Harry M. Gokey of Northfield. A delegation of fifteen cadets were entertained by the association. The University quartette, under the leadership of Dr. Gokey sang several songs. Lieutenant Mayes delivered an able address on a " Military Education of College Men an Asset of National Defense," Mr. Maxim gave a demonstration and lecture on his famous " Gun NEW YORK ALUMNI ASSOCIATION. 519 Silencer' ' ; President Spooner spoke on the needs of the University and Capt. Chapman spoke at considerable length on the military work at the Institution. After the banquet the association inspected the New York Herald's printing plant. 7^ The next day the visiting cadets and members of the association inspected the engineering works of the Grand Central Station and the Municipal Building, also the ocean liner Lvciiama. The thirteenth meeting was held at the Murray Hill Hotel, March24, 1911. The old board of officers was re-elected. Seventy- three members and guests were present. A delegation of sixteen cadets were entertained by the association. Mr. Edward D, Adams, '64, president of the Association, acted as toast master. The guests of the Association were: President Charles H. Spooner, '78; Maj. Gen. Frederick D. Grant, U. S. A.; Dean Herbert R. Roberts; Daniel C. Beard, Capt. FranklTompkins, U. S. A ., com- mandant; Mr. William Parker, delegation of eight Boy Scouts. President Spooner and Dean Roberts presented the needs of the University. Captain Tompkins gave an outline of the military work at "N. U." Cadet Gordon spoke on the athletic work of the University. General Grant made an eloquent address, in which he complimented the work of the graduates of " N. U." Dr. Daniel C. Beard, the author and artist, was the'^principal speaker of the evening. He gave a history and account of the work of the Boy Scout movement. Mr. William Barber, " Scout Leader, " also gave a brief address on the work of this organiza- tion; and, under his command the squad of "Scouts" gave exhi- bition drills. To further increase the good fellowship among the Alumni and past cadets of New York City, a "N. U." club was organized in 1905. Waldo P. Clement, '72, was elected president of the club and F. M. Goodhue, '91, secretary; later G. Harold Ellis, '98, served as secretary. Several meetings of the club were held at the various cafes in the city and were well attended. These meetings were con- ducted until late in 1906, and did much to assist the University. 520 NofeWICtt UNIVfellSiTW THE BOSTON ALUMNI ASSOCIATION. The Norwich University Alunmi Association of Boston and vicinity had its inception in a call for a meeting of the sons of "Old N. U." signed by Dr. Joseph Stedman, '59; Col. Charles H. Lewis, '55; Col. Henry 0. Kent, '54; George D. Thomas, '76; Charles H. Nichols,'86; C. K. Mellen '84, and Nelson L. Sheldon,'84. As a result of this call about thirty N. U. men met on the evening of February 5, 1889, at the Quincy House, Boston, Mass., and form- ed this association. The first president was Dr. Joseph Stedman, '59; the first secretary. Nelson L. Sheldon, A. M., '84; the first treasurer, George D. Thomas, '76; all of whom have taken a great interest in the development of the Association and their A Ima Mater. The formation of this Association was coincident with the reincar- nation of "Old N. U. " — the l)reaking aAvay from the traditions of Norwich Plain and the sulxstitution therefor of the spirit de- veloping at Northfield. Colonel H. O. Kent, '54, gave an eloquent address; speeches were also made !)y Col. Thomas Clarke, '44; Dr. J. Q. A. McCol- lister, '53; Hon. S. H. Cross, '59; Dr. C. L. Hathaway, '69; Prof. C. C. Brill of the University; George C. Thomas, '76, and N. L. Sheldon, '84. The second meeting was held at the Thorndike Hotel, P'eb- ruary 7,1890. Dr. Stedman was re-elected president, N. L. Sheldon, '84, secretary, and George D. Thomas, '76, treasurer. Col. Charles H. Lewis, '55, made the principal address. Speeches were also nuide l)y Prof. C. C. Brill, Dr. J. Q. A. McCollister, '53; Hon. S. H. Cross, '59; F. S. Parker, '84; M. L. Chandler, '86; W. A. Shaw, '88, and others. At this meeting was announced the gift of $1,000 from Gen. Ci. M. Dodge, '51, for the endowment fund. About thirty of the former cadets were present. The third annual meeting was held January 3, 1891, at the Thorndike Hotel. Hon. Frank Plumley, trustee of the University made the principal address. Speeches were made by Prof. J. B. Johnson, '79; Hon. S. H. Cross, '59; Rev. Howard F. Hill, '67; Rev. I. P. Booth and Mr. J. K. Egerton, trustees. An original poem was read by Capt. George W. Hobbs, '58. General Dodge, '51, was present, and announced that he would give funds for a new building, which promise was fulfilled in the erection of Dodge Hall, the following year. Thirty-three alumni and guests were present. J. i\. A. McCollister, '53, was elected BOSTON ALUMNI ASSOCIATION. 521 president; N. L. Sheldon, '84, secretary, and E. D.Wilmarth, '84, treasurer. The fourth annual meeting A\'as held at Young's Hotel, P^ebruary 5, 1892. Fifty of the former cadets were present. Dr. Joseph Stedman made the ])iincipal speech. Addresses were made by Lieut. F.C.Kimball, U. S. A.,Coniniandant ; George W. Hobbs, '58; D. E. Wilmarth, '84; William R. Cutter, '68; George D. Thomas, '76, composed and read a poem for the occa- sion. The officers elected were Dr. McCollister, president; N. L. Sheldon, secretary, and D. E. Wilmarth, treasurer. On Februar}' 22, 1893, the fifth annual meeting of tlie asso- ciation was held at the American House. Thirty-five alumni and past cadets Avere present. Dr. J. Q. A. ]\IcCollister acted as toast master, G. H. Hathaway, '24, the oldest cadet, made the principal speech. The other speakers were: J. K. Egerton, trustee; George W. Hobbs, '58, and Prof. Charles Dole, '69. The officers elected were: president, George H. Hobbs, '58; secretary, N. L. Sheldon, '84; treasm-er, George D. Thomas, '76. The sixth annual meeting was held at the American House, January 5, 1894. Twenty-five of the alumni were present. George W. Hobbs, '58, president, acted as toast master. The officers elected were: George W, Hobbs, '58, president; X. L. Sheldon, '64, secretary, and George D. Thomas, '76, treasurer. On February 15, 1895, the seventh annual meeting was held at the Quincy House. About thirty alumni were present. Rev. Howard F. Hill, '67, acted as toast master. Hon. Frank Plumley, trustee, was the principal speaker. The others giving addresses Avere: William R. Cutter, '68; Lieutenant H. C. Keene, U. S. A., commandant; Major H. E. Alvord, '63; J. Q. A. McCollister, '53; S. H. Cross, '59; H. C. Cady, '91; P. R. Hoeffer, '95, for the corps of cadets. The officers elected were : Rev. H. F. Hill, president ; N. L. Sheldon, secretary, and George D. Thomas, treasurer. The eighth annual meeting was held at the United States Hotel, Februar}' 14, 1896. It was the best attended of any of the meetings so far held. About forty alumni were present. Dr. Hill acted as toast master. The principal speaker was Prof. Chas. Dole, '69, vice-president of the University. Lieut. H. W. Hovey, U. S. A., commandant, gave a very interesting address. The other speakers Avere: R. B. Eaton, '40; Lieut. E. H. Catlin, U. S. A., J. Q. A. McCollister, '53; G. T. Hobbs, '82, and W. R. Cutter, '68. The officers elected AA'ere: Rev. HoAvard F. Hill, '67, president; N. L. Sheldon, secretary, and George D. Thomas, '76, treasurer. 522 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. The ninth annual meeting was held at Young's Hotel, Feb- ruary 19, 1897. About fifty alumni and guests were prese:it. Rev. Howard F. Hill acted as toast master President Allan D. Brown, of the University, gave an able address on the needs of the University; Col. Albert Clarke, trustee, made a brief speech. The officers elected were: Rev. H. F. Hill, '67, president; N. L. Sheldon, secretary, and George D. Thomas, '76, treasurer; reception com- School Street, Boston. Dewey Celebrationi 1899. mittee. Dr. Joseph Stedman, '59; George W. Hobbs, '58, and Fred T. Ausfin, '88. The tenth annual meeting was held at Young's Hotel, February 21, 1898. Thirty-six alumni and guests were present. Dr. Hill, president, acted as toast master. The principal ad- dresses were made by Pres. Allan D. Brown, Judge E. J. Sherman, Rev. D. C. Roberts of Concord, N. H., Prof. C. C. Brill and Charles Marseilles, '68. The officers elected were : president, N. L. Sheldon '84; secretary, George D. Thomas, '76; treasurer, Fred T. Austin, BOSTON ALUMNI ASSOCIATION. 523 '88; reception committee, Rev. H. F. Hill, '67; W. B. Eaton, '66; E. W. Clark, '92; B. H. Prior and D. C. Warren, '95. On Saturday, October 14, 1899, Boston gave a welcome to Admiral Dewey, ''Hero of i\Ianila Bay," in a manner which re- ceived the highest praise from its recipient. Conspicuous among the many decorations was the enormous banner hung across School Street, on the line of march, bearing the words " Norwich Univer- sity Alumni Welcome George Dewey, '55.'' As the admiral passed under the banner the " N. U.' ' yell and cheers were lustily given from the windows of the Niles Building by the assembled graduates. We quote from the Boston Globe: " Nothing pleased the ad- miral of admirals more, apparently, than the banner which the Norwich Alumni hung over School Street in honor of Cadet Dewey." In the evening, the Boston Alumni was represented by the presi- dent of the association, N. L. Sheldon, '84, at the banquet ten- dered the admiral by the State of Massachusetts. The eleventh reunion was held at Hotel Brunswick, January 11, 1899. This was one of the most enthusiastic alumni meetings ever held in the city. About thirty alumni and guests were present. The main topic of the evening was the deeds of Admiral Dewe}', '55, and the other " N. U." men who had performed valuable services in the Spanish- American War. The guests of the evening were: Col. Edmund Rice, '60, the gallant colonel of the 19th Massachu- setts Volunteers in the Civil War and the 6th Massachusetts regi- ment, Spanish- American War; Col. H. O. Kent, '54; Commander Stockton, U. S. N. of the U. S. Naval College; Pres. Allan D. Brown of the University and Capt. H. W. Hovey, U. S. A., commandant. Rev. H. F. Hill acted as toast master. President Brown gave an able address on the work of the alumni and the needs of " N. U." Col. H. O. Kent, '54, gave many reminiscences on the cadet life of Admiral Dewey. The other speakers were Commander Stockton, Colonel Rice and Captain Hovey. The officers elected were : N. L. Sheldon, president; George G. Thomas, secretary; and Wright S. Prior, '89, treasurer. The twelfth reunion was held at Hotel Brunswick, ^larch 8, 1900. About thirty alumni were present. The guests were: President Brown of the Universit}^, Hon. B. F. Spaulding, '77, and Gen. W. A. Bancroft, trustee of the University. N. L. Sheldon, president of the association, gave an eloquent address on the work of the alumni. Congressman Spaulding also gave an address on the work of the Uni^'ersity and on education in general. Addresses were also made by President Brown, General Bancroft and W. R. 524 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. Cutter, '68. E. W. Clarke, '92, read an original poem entitled, "The Engineer.'' The officers elected were: N. L. Sheldon, '84, president; E. W. Clark, '92, secretary; and ^^^ S. Prior, '89, treasurer. The thii'teenth reunion was held at Young's Hotel, February 15, 1901. Nearly thirty members Avere present. l^resident Sheldon acted as toast master and gave a brief address on the work of Captain Partridge and the alumni. Speeches were made by Dr. Charles F. Kingsbiu'y, '51; William R. Cutter, '68; Rev. Howard F. Hill, '67, and Charles M. Reed, '67. The officers elected were: president, N. L. Sheldon, '84; secretary, E. W. Clark, '92; and treasurer, J. Albert Plolmes, '95. The fourteenth annual reunion was held at Young's Hotel, February 21, 1902. Thirt}'-one members were present. Presi- dent Sheldon acted as toast master. Addresses were made by Dr. G. P. Conn, '54, and Prof. E. C. Shaw, 91. The officers elected were: president, N. L. Sheldon, '84; secretary, E. W. Clarke, '92; treasurer, J. Albert Holmes, '95. A special meeting of the association was held January 9, 1904, at which resolutions were passed on the death of James Evans, " Uncle Jim,' ' for many years armorer of the University. The sixteenth annual meeting was held at Y'oung's Hotel, April 21, 1904. Professor Brill presented the needs of the Uni- versity and asked the co-operation of the alumni in the construc- tion of Alumni Hall. The officers elected were: president, N. L. Sheldon, '84; secretary and treasurer, B. W. Gleason, '92. The seventeenth annual reunion was held at the American House, February 22, 1905. Nearly thirty members were present. Speeches were made by President Charles H. Spooner, '78; W. N. Jones, secretary of the New Y^ork Association; Maj. H. W. Hovey, U. S. A., commandant; J. Q. A. McCollister, '53, and Rev. H. F. Hill, '67. The officers elected were: president, George D. Thomas, '76; secretary and treasurer, E. W. Clark, '92; executive committee, the officers of the association and E. W. Gaynor, '93, Guy C. Rus- sell, '04, and George F. Abbott, '91. The eighteenth reunion was held at the American House February 21, 1906. Thirtj^-six members were present. The speakers of the evening were: C. H. Spooner, '78; Prof. H. R. Roberts, Dean of the University; Rev. H. F. Hill, '67; F. B. Thom- as, '95; R. H. Ford, '92; W. N. Jones of New Y'ork. The officers elected were: George D. Thomas, '76, president; E. W. Clark, '92, secretary and treasurer. The nineteenth reunion was held at the New American House, BOSTON ALUMNI ASSOCIATION. 525 February 21, 1907. Thirty members were present. E. W. Clarke, '92, acted as toast master. Speeches were made by Pres. C. H. Spooner, '78; William H. lluddick, M. D., commander of the E. W. Kingsley Post G. A. R., of Boston; Lieut. L. A. I. Chapman, U. S. A., commandant; W. H. Jones, secretary of the New York Asso- ciation. The officers elected were : president, E. W. Clark, '92; secretary and treasurer, George H. Cliapin, '04; executive com- mittee, N. L. Sheldon, '84; E. W. Gaynor, '93, and C. W. Pierce, '92. The twentieth annual reunion was held at the American House February 21, 1908. Thirty-six members were present. Several members of the corps of cadets were in attendance. President E. W. Clark acted as toast master. The speakers were : Prof. H. R. Roberts, Dean of the University, J\laj. H, W. Hovey, U. S. A., commandant; Capt. H. C. Keene, U. S. A., a former commandant. The officers elected were : president, E. W. Clark, '92; secretary and treasurer, George H. Chapin, '04; executive committee, H. K, Briggs, '03; E. D. Perry, '04, and W. S. Prior, '89. The twenty-first annual meeting was held February 16, 1909, at the Boston City Club. About forty members were present. A number of the corps of cadets were present. Speeches were made by President Spooner, Uean Prof. H. R. Roberts, Lieut. L. A. I. Chapman, U. S. A., commandant; Prof. K. R. B. Flint, '03; Prof. E. A. Shaw, '91, and E. A. Stowell, '67. Prof. C. N. Barber, '08, spoke at great length on the athletics at " N. U.' ' The Norwich Glee Club furnished the music. The officers elected were: presi- dent, N. L. Sheldon, '84; secretary and treasurer, H. K. Briggs. The twenty-second annual reunion was held at Young 's Hotel, February 27, 1910. This was the largest meeting held by the association, over fifty being present. A large delegation of cadets and alumni from Northfield were present. President Sheldon acted as toast master. Speeches were made by President C. H. Spooner, '78; Col. J. H. Benton; Gen. Charles K. Darling of Boston; Edward D. Adams, '64, president of the New York association; Dean H. R. Roberts, Prof. A. E. Winslow, '98, and Prof. K. R. B. Flint, '03. Officers elected were: N. L. Sheldon, '84, president; secretary and treasurer H. K. Briggs, '03. The twenty-third annual meeting of the association was held at the Westminister Hotel, March 11, 1911. President Sheldon of the association acted as toast-master at the banquet. About fifty of the alumni and guests were present. The principal speeches were made by President Spooner of the University; 526 NORWICH UNIVERSITY, Captain Tompkins, U. S. A., professor of Military Science and Tactics at " N. U."; Hon. J. H. Benton, president of the board of trustees of the Boston Library; Mr. Charles H. Bradley, president of the Vermont association of Boston; and Lieut. H. C. Keene, U. S. A. (retired), a former commandant. Brief speeches were made by Fred H. Clark, '89; Charles H. Nichols, '86, secretary of the New York Alumni Association, and Prof. K. R. B. Flint, '03, of the University. Several of the corps of cadets were present. The old board of officers of the asso- ciation was re-elected. ROSTER OF OFFICERS. PRESIDENTS. 92, Clark, E. W. 1907-09 67. Hill, Howard F. 1895-98 58, Hobbs, George W. 1893-95 '84, Sheldon, N.L. 1898-03 1909- 59, Stedman, Joseph 1889-90 53, McCollister, .7. Q. A 1891-92 70, Thomas, George D. 1905-07 VICE-PRESIDENTS. 91, Abbott, George F. 1898 1903-05 '86, Cheney, Charles H. 1890 1909- 92, Clark, E. W. 1902-05 '44, Clark, Thomas 1889 59, Cross, Samuel H. 1889-90 1895-96 '68, Cutter. William R. 1892 -94, 1901 '65. Dewey, J. J. 1902 40, Eaton, R. B. 1895-98 56, Farrar, W. E. . 1908 93, Gaynor, E. W. 1908 92, Gleason,B. W. 1897 87, Hassam, W. E. 1893-94 1905-09 24, Hathaway, G.H. 1893-94 88. Hayward. F. F. 1909- 67, Hill, Howard F. 1891-92 58, Hobbs, George W. 1891-92 95, Holmes, J. Albert 1907-10 54, Kent, Henry 0. 1880 1899-01 51, Kingsbury, Charles F. 1898-03 55, Lewis, Charles H. 1889 '90, Lewis, Dexter W. 1891-92 1895-97 53, McCollister, J. Q. A. 1890-91 1903-07 '71, Owen,William G. 1891 59, Parker, Edgar 1889 92 Pierce. C. W. 1906 89 Prior, W. S. 1901 60 Rice, l<>ilmund 1899-00 00 Kicharilsou, J. F. 1903-05 88 .Shaw, William A. 1891-92 78, Sherman, H. L. 1890 78, Spooner, Charles H. 1905-06 67, Stowell, E. A. 1909-09 84, Wilmarth, D. E. SECRETARIES. 1890 03, Briggs, H. K. 1909- 04, Chapin, George H. 1907-09 92, Clark. E. W. 1900-02 , 1904-07 92, Gleason.B. W. 1902-04 84, Sheldon, N. L. 1889-97 76, Thomas, George D. 1897-00, 1907 ASSISTANT SECRETARIES. 70, Thomas, George D. 1892 00. Richardson, J. F. TREASURERS. 1903-05 88, Austin, Fred T. 1898-00 03, Briggs, H. K. 1909 04, Chapin, George H. 1907-09 92, Clark, E. W. 1905-07 95, Holmes, J. Albert 1901-03 89. Prior, W. S. 1900-01 76, Thomas, George D. 1889-90 1893-98 95, Warren, D. C. 1903-05 84, Wilmarth, I). E. 1891-93 VERMONT ALUMNI ASSOCIATION. 527 THE VERMONT ASSOCIATION. The first meeting of the association was held at the Pavilion Hotel, Montpelier, Vt., May 20, 1904. and was called as per the following circular letter: Norwich University, Northfipid, Vt., May 10, 1901. Alumni and Past Cadets of N. U. Resident in Vermont: Gentlemen: It having become apparent that the best interests of Norwich University and her sons demand that intimate relations be maintained, it is desired that "N. U." men form permanent organizations wherever possible. After consultation with "N. U." men in the state, it has been decided to call a meeting at the Pavilion at Montpelier on Friday evening. May 20, at 7. .30 for the purpose of organizing a Vermont Association of Alumni and Past Cadets. A few of the alumni have assumed the responsibility of arranging for a dinner to follow the meeting. Your Altna Mater has been forging to the front rapidly of late and every son of old "N. U." should take a part in helping on the forward movement. One hundred and seven men have been registered this year and the prospect for next year leads to the belief that this number will be largely increased. At the dinner recently held in New York, a substantial start was made toward a new barracks to be known as Alumni Hall. The alumni have this building in charge and will send out very soon a statement in regard to the same. The newly appointed committee of the faculty on Alumni Relations will have something to present in regard to the interests of the alumni. Mr. Kemp Flint, '03, of Montpelier, has consented to serve as temporary secretary, and it is requested that you notify him as soon as possible of your intention to attend. A good attendance is already assured. Yours very truly, CHARLES C. BRILL, Dean. About thirty of the alumni responded to the call. Prof. C. C. Brill, Dean of the Faculty, presided and L. B. Johnson, '88, acted as temporary secretary. A permanent organization was effected. The following officers were elected: president, F. B. Thomas, '95; vice-presidents, John J. Dewey, '65; H. V. Dunham, '97; and R. H. Ford, '92; secretary, H. G. Woodruff", '91; treasurer, K. R. B. Flint, '03. After the business meeting, the banquet was served in the hotel dining room. F. B. Thomas, '95, presided, and made a brief introductory speech. Mr. H. C. Cady, '91, spoke on the value of the alumni associations to the University, R. H. Ford, '92, on the value of the association; Prof. C. C. Brill, on the needs of the Univer- 528 NORWICH UNIVEKSITY. sity and the necessity of the new barracks; L. B. Johnson, '88, on the relation of the alumni to the University; Cadet Major Randall, '04, on the relation of the cadet to the Institution; H. V, Dunham, '97, on the work of the graduates. Major H. W. Hovey, U. S. A., gave an eloquent address on the needs of the military department. The second annual meeting was held at the Pavilion Hotel, Montpelier, Vt., Feb. 17, 1905. About twenty-five alumni were present. The constitution of the association, which had been |)repared by a committee appointed at the first meeting, was adopted as ]iresented by the committee. The officers elected were president, F. 13. Thomas, '95; vice- presidents, John J. Dewey, '65; H. V. Dunham, '97, and C. S. Carleton, '96; secretary and treasurer, K. K. B. Flint, '03. President Thomas of the association acted as toast-master. ^Speeches were made by President Thomas, Charles H. Spooner, '78; R. H. Ford, '92; M. D. Smith, '81; Major H. W. Hovey, U. S. A.; Cadet Major H. R. Deal, '05; Prof. C. C. Brill, and Dr. J. H. Judkins, '90. The association telegraphed greetings to General Dodge, president of the New York Association and George D. Thomas, '76, president of the Boston Association. The third annual meeting was held at the Pa\ilion Hotel, March 5, 1906. Thirty-three members were present. The officers elected were: president, F. B. Thomas, '95; vice-presidents, E. W. Gibs(m, "94; H. S. Woodruff, '91; F. A. Manuel, '93; secretary and treasurer, K. R. B. Flint, '03. The AIIJ orchestra fur- nished the music for the occasion. Speeches were made by Dr. F. E. Steele, '81; R. H. Ford, '92; H. C. Cady, '91; R. U. Smith, '94; J. P. Moseley,'99; Cadet Lieut. H. C. Pratt, '07; Prof. C. V. Wood- bury; M. D. Smith, '81 ; C. H. Spooner, '78. The fourth annual meeting was held at the Northfield House, Feb. 8, 1907. About twenty-five members were present. The officers elected were: president, M, D. Smith, '81; vice-presidents, H. G. Woodruff, '91; E. W. Gibson, '94 and F. A. Maunel, '93; secretary and treasurer, K. R. B. Flint, '03. Speeches were made by President Spooner, Prof. E. A. Shaw, Capt. L. A. I. Chapman. The fifth annual meeting was held at the Northfield House, Northfield, Vt., March 21, 1908. Forty-two members were present. The officers elected were: president, H. G. Woodruff, '91; vice- presidents, L. B. Johnson, '88; R. U. Smith, '94; Ralph B. Denny, '91; secretary and treasurer, K. R. B. Flint, '03. Lieut. L. A. I. Chapman, U. S. A., acted as toast-master. Speeches were made by President Spooner, '78; Hon. Frank Plumley, trustee; Dr. F. E. VERMONT ALUMNI ASSOCIATION. 529 Steele, "81 ; Prof. A. E.Winsluw/98; J. M. Holland, '83; S. S. Ballard of Montpelier; H. G. Woodruff, '91, and Major H. W. Hovey, U. S. A. The " N. U.' ' Glee Club furnished the music. The sixth annual meeting was held at the Northfield House, Xorthfiekl, ^'t., March 12, 1909. Thirty members were present. The officers elected were: president, F. E. Steele, '81; vice-presi- dent, L. B. Johnson, '88; \V. E. Robertson, '01; and W. E. C. Washburne, '04; secretary and treasurer, K. R. B. Flint, 'O-S. It was voted to telegraph greetings to the St. Louis Association, which was to hold its meeting the next night; also to Gen. G. M. Dodge, '51. Speeches were made by President Spooner, Cadet Major G. I. Rowe, L. B. Johnson, '88; Major F. B. Thomas, '95; Ur. H. A. Whitney and Capt. L. A. I. Chapman, U. S. A. The se^'enth annual meeting was held at the Northfield House, Feb. 11, 1910. About 30 members were present. The officers elected were: president, L. B. Johnson, '88; vice-presidents, H. N. Mattison, '93; C. N. Barber, Jr., '08; W. E. C. Washburn, '04; secretary. Prof. C. S. Carleton, '96, treasurer, H. W, Orser, '02. Dr. F. E. Steele, '81, acted as toast-master. ^Ir. C. N. Barber, '08, presented at great length the work of the athletic team. Speeches were also made liy President C. H. Spooner, '78; F. 15. Thomas, '95; Captain L. A. I. Chapman, U. S. A.; L. B. Johnson, '88; Prof. E. A. Shaw, '91. Captain Chapman was elected an honorary member. The eighth annual meeting was held at the Waterbury Inn, Waterbury, Vt., April 18, 1911. President Johnson of the Association acted as toast master. Mr. C. K. Mellen, '81, of Buffalo, N. Y., was the principal speaker of the evening. Addresses were also made by President Spooner; Capt. Frank Tompkins, U. S. A., commandant; Dr. F. E. Steele, '81; Hon. Willard J. Boyce of Waterbury; H. G. Woodruff, '91, and Charles A. Plum- ley, '96. The officers elected were: president, L. B. Johnson, '88; vice-president^, C. N. Barber, '08; W. E. C. Washburn, '04; and P. S. Howes, '96; secretary, C. S. Carleton, '96; treasurer, I. C. Ellis, '01. Thirty members and guests were present; music was furnished by the "N. U." quartette. 530 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. ROSTER OF OFFICERS. PRESIDENTS. •93, Manuel, F. A. 1906-08 '93, Mattison, H.N. 1910- '88, Johnson, L. B. 1910 '01, Robertson, W. E. 1909-10 '81, Smith, M. D. 1907-08 '94, Smith, R. U. 1908-09 '81, Steele, F. E. 1909-10 '04, Washburn, W. E.G. 1909-10 '95, Thomas, F.B. 1904-07 '91, Woodruff, H.G. 1906-08 '91. Woodruff, H. G. VICE-PRESIDENTS. 1908-09 SECRETARIES. '08, Barber, C. N. 1910- '96, Carleton, C.S. 1910- '96. Carleton, C. S. 1905-06 '03. Flint, K. R. B. 1905-10 '91. Denny, R. B. 1908-09 '91, Woodruff, H.G. 1904-05 '65, Dewey, John J. 1904-06 '97. Dunham, H. V. 1904-06 TREASURERS. '92, Ford, R. H. 1904-05 '94, Gibson, E.W. 1906-08 '03, Flint, K. R. B. 1904-10 '88, Johnson, L. B. 1908-10 '02, Orser, H. W. 1910- THE ST. LOUIS ALUMNI ASSOCIATION. The St. Louis Branch of the General Association of Alumni and Past Cadets of Norwich University was organized on March 13th, 1909, and its first meeting was held the same evening, after which a banquet was given. The charter members were : Robert H. Ford, '92; P. V. Sherman, '07; W. F. Lefavor, '66; H. M. Hob- son, '02; G. H. Watson, '02; M. J. Noyes, '07; H. A. Nims, '08; George Anderson; F. H. C. Graves, '08; and C.J. Scribner, '96. The officers for the first year consisted of president, Robert H. Ford, '92; first vice-president, Dr. W. F. Lefavor, '66; second vice-president, G. H. Watson, '02; third vice-president, P. V. Sherman, '08; secretary and treasurer, C. J. Scribner, '96. The Constitution provides that meetings will be held once each year at the headquarters of this branch, which will be at St. Louis, Mo., some time during the months of February and March of each year. As this is the most Western Association, its jurisdiction covers all of the territory west of the Mississippi River and all members of the alumni and past cadets covered by this territory are considered as members of same. There are no dues ; the expenses are defrayed by voluntary contribution. A variation has been made at the meetings of the Association by including ladies. The officers for the year 1910-11 were: Dr. W. F. Lefavor, president; L. H. Davis, '07, first vice-president; C. F. Gallup, '04, second vice-president; P. V. Sherman, '08, third vice-president; C. J. Scribner, '96, secretary and treasurer. The third annual meeting of the association was held at the Marquette Hotel, Saturday evening, March 4, 1911. Leroy H. Davis, '07, acted as toastmaster at the banquet. Brief speeches were made by C. B. Burnham, '39; Gen. B. G. Farrar, '55; R. H. Ford, '92, and President C. H. Spooner, '78, of the University. THE UNIVERSITY REGULATOR, UNIVERSITY OWL, REVEILLE. 531 PUBLICATIONS AT "N. U." Tlie first paper published by the cadets, as far as known, was the University Regulator, the first number of which was issued October 2cS, l■ * i ' • ir^i^%j^^s^E|b w^^ |) iS|WIHP'^ ^E^'*"'- ^ 1 t (H AFTER XI. "N. U." Songs and Poems. The Old South Barracks, OhI — Hurrah for ()l;j "N. V." — Thk Dkath of Col. Truman B. Ransom — Alma Mater Old "N. U." — My Alma Mater — The Heroes of '•' N. U.' ' — To the Colors — Norwich. THE OLD SOUTH BARRACKS, OH! BY COL. HENRY O. KENT, '54. This song was written in the summer of 1855, and was at once adopted as the college song of Norwich University, in manner similar to the adoption of "Benny Haven's, oh!" at West Point. It was sung on all public occasions — reunions and gatherings of cadets — and was chanted by the alumni and past cadets, who fought on both sides in the great Civil War. In 1866, the South Barracks at Nor\Aach was burned, and the University was removed to Northfield, where new college build- ings had been erected. The supplemental verses, " Hurrah for Old N. U.!" were written by the same author over thirty years later, and, like the original, are dedicated to the corporation, faculty, undergraduates, alumni, and past cadets of his Alma Mater. THE OLD SOUTH BARRACKS, OH ! BY COL. HENRY O. KENT, '54. Come, pour the ruby wine, my boy.s, And give a loud bravo For our tried and true companion.s Who have left us long ago; They are scattered on the ocean Of life's pleasures and life's woe, And ne'er again may shout with us In the Old South Barracks, oh! Chorus. In the Old South Barracks, oh! In the Old South Barracks, oh! -And ne'er again may shout with us In the Old South Barracks, oh! THE OLD SOUTH BARRACKS, OH! Tliey have left us here to vegetate In mihtary row, To serve the time allotted us Through sunshine and through snow; But we'll treasure up in memory. Where'er through life we go, The names of those who've met with us In the Old South Barracks, oh ! Chorus. 'i'o the Army and the Navy; Each prospective grand hero, Who went out from among us To fight his country's foe,— May he win a crown of laurels. Where'er P'ame's breezes blow. And shout amid the battle's blast For the Old South Barracks, oh ! Chorus. To our hero-chieftain, Ransom, One glass before we go; His blood bestains the rocky height In distant Mexico. His countr>''s flag waved o'er him When the volley smote him low; And we'll drop for him the silent tear In the Old South Barracks, oh! Chorus. To the silver-headed veteran Who slumbers calm and low. West Pointers, join the chorus From the everglades and snow ; We'll crown with brighter memories As onward still we go, Our stern old founder's cognomen In the Old South Barracks, oh! Chorus. To the ladies fair of Norwich, Where'er through life we go, . 'We'll treasure up each witching smile They e'er did on us throw From the " Congo's' ' dismal galleries, And the cushioned pew below. Or erst upon Commencement Day PVom the Old South Barracks, oh! Chorus. ! M3 544 Norwich university. To the pretty ones who occupy Our heart's internal row, Who have chained us by their glances, And have stole our 'fections so; They have handled Cupid's arrows In a way by no means slow. And we'll chorus them in eau de vie Jn tlie Old South Barracks, oh! Chorus To the annual Coininencenient Oiu" hearts shall overflow, As we lose our boon companions Pro bono publico. But we'll shout the chorus louder, As o'er life's sea we go, — A hip hurrah for old "N. U.," And the Old South Barracks, oh! Chorus. To the coming year of jnl)iiee Our cups shall ever How, When we hope to gather once again In eighteen sixty, oh! To mourn each patriot fallen, To share each brother's woe, And once more to join in chorusing In the Old South Barracks, oh! Chorus. NORWICH POEMS AND SONGg. 545 "HURRAH FOR OLD N. U.!" BY COL. HEXRY O. KENT, '54. One doleful night in winter, Full many years ago. The bursting flames' red banners waved Above the pallid snow; Her blackened walls, her ruined halls, Told shivering tales of woe; But, phoenix-like, "N. U." arose From the Old South Barracks, oh! She saw her bright escutcheon. For which her sons had died, Bearing the words that Miller said 'Mid battle's surging tide, — ''I'll try!" The blood was pulsing; Up-rose she from the blow; \\'hen duty calls, not ruined walls Should check its ardent flow. No more beside the river, On beauteous Norwich Plain, By hallowed dust, 'mid early scenes, Might she repose again; But on the hills of Northfield, Robed in imperial green. Crowned with love of loyal sons. She sits, our peerless queen. Her dowry is the faith of sons Who loved her in their youth. The loyal zeal of each cadet Who follows knightly truth. We mourn our honored Dr. Bourns, Stanch General Jackman, too; Crowned be each name with lasting fame. Loved champions of "N. U. !" At Norwich or at Northfield Our hearts shall ever glow O'er cheering tales of college days, And boon companions, oh! With pretty girls and loyal men It always should be so, E'en when locks turn grizzled hair, And Time sifts down his snow. 546 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. We vow anew a brother's love For each good comrade low; We'll keep the faith they pledged for us In the Old South Barracks, oh We'll do our duty bravely, In honor, leal and true, Then vive V amour and vive la guerre! Hurrah for Old " N. U. " ! On the Hike, 1909. NORWICH POEMS AND SONGS. 547 THE Dr:ATH OF COL. TRUMAN B. RANSOM. BY COL. HENRY O. KENT, '51. \\ uv rode upon the eddying sionn, In volleys flew the leaden hail, Men's life blood bursting bright and warm Dyed many a vest of crimson mail. Loud rang tlic bugle's cheering voice, Reaching 'neath the smoky sky. As, charging 'mid the battle's press, The gallant Ninth came sweeping by. Proudly above the eddying smoke The Regimental banner shone. New England hearts with pride awoke .\t their loved leader's clarion tone. There, cheering on the serried ranks. With sabre glittering free and bright; There, Avhere the section quivering sank Before the flashing volley's might ; There, pointing to the starry flag And to the Castle's turret stone, " Strike for New" England, Ninth,' ' he cried, " Chapultepec is won !' ' " Hurrah ! hurrah !' ' then rang a cheer That burst the smoke wreaths rolling o'er, That 'mid the battle echoed clear Above the cannon's thunderous roar. 'Tis stilled again, that conquering shout, Loud swells anew the battle's peal; But where is he who called it out? No more is seen his flashing steel. Straight driving 'mid the leaden shower, Full toward the proud, victorious brow, The bullet told its vengeful power; 'Tis done, that gallant crest is low. His death couch 'mid the rocky cliffs. O'er which our conquering legions go; Ah! his laurel crown with blood was kissed Beneath the skies of Mexico ! His coronach, the battle's cry; His requiem, the cannon's roar; New England's sons who saw him die ^lourn the loved chief, who leads no more. 548 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. ALMA MATER, OLD "N. U. " Air: " Maryland, my Maryland." BY GEORGE D. THOMAS, '76. We come today from hill and plain, Old " N. U.," we love but thee; We tune our praise in glad refrain, Old "N. U.," we love but thee. We meet beneath thy banner white, With all thy glories blazoned bright, Beneath its folds in praise unite. Old " N. U.," we love but thee. The hills that rise in stately pride, Abna Mater, true to thee; Their vigils keep, whate'er betide. Alma Mater, true to thee. They hail thy heroes with acclaim, Names consecrate in blood and flame; When spread thy sons thy battle fame, Alma Mater, true to thee. In civic manhood, pure and high. Old " N. U.," we love but thee. As in thy storied days gone by, Old " N. U.," we love but thee. So do thy leaders ser\'e thee now, With Jackman's soul and Ransom's brow, Thy highest weal their holiest vow, Okl " N. U.," we love but thee. Our love we bring you here today, Alma Mater, true to thee ; We vaunt thy name in roundelay. Alma Mater, true to thee. We hold thy fame a precious trust. Nor trail thy banner in the dust, But honor thee, we will, we must, Alma Mater, true to thee. NORWICH POEMS AND SONGS. 549 MY ALMA MATER. BY MYRON R. HURLBUT, 'C)7. On Norwich Plain we meet again, Beneath our banner bright, Where shine the stars, made bright by Mars, That ever give us hght. Oh yes, 'tis sweet, once more to greet Our brothers dressed in bkie; The clash of anns has yet its charms. In halls of old "N.U." Come, let us raise our songs of praise, To him who gaA-e her birth. And drop a tear o'er Ransom's bier, The brightest spot of earth. Come, all her brave, from land and wave. In honored peace retreat; The storm has passed, now you may cast Your laurels at her feet. Remember, those who now repose. Were once our nation's trust; Their names are sown where blood has flown To blossom in the dust. So let us live that we may give Our names a watchword t' be: When we have passed through life, at last Our deeds may honor thee. Base Ball Game, 1910. 550 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. THE HEROES OF "N. U." BV REV. HOMER WHITE. Where rugged hemlocks crown the hill, And sugar-maples woo the breeze ; Where bounding comes the mountain rill To sing among the shady trees; Where rough hills rise from valleys greec And streams of purest water flow, When summer suns light up the scene And summer breezes softly blow ; Where furious storms in winter rave And bending forests shake with fear; Where snow lies deep, a frozen wave, And fills the vision far and near. This is Vermont, the mountain land, And here are bred her mountaineers — Men born to freedom and command, Not born to crouch with servile fears. A hardy race, like granite peaks, They bear the sunshine and the storm And who for love of country seeks. Win find it in their bosoms warm. Unused to cringe before the great, Each man a sovereign is born; Each woman fair makes home her state, And wider empire wisely scorns. They breathe the air of liberty With every breath which they inhale, And reinless winds are not more free Than they who ne'er in danger quail. They love the land which gave them birth; They love the nation which their sires Bequeathed to them — in all the earth No other spot fills their desires. The mountain would as soon recoil Before the shaking of a spear As they retire from freedom's soil So hallowed once by blood and tears. Here stands " N. U. " among these hills — Vermont's grand nursery of arms, Where, in the piping times of peace. She trains her sons for war's alarms. NORWICH POEMS AND SONGS. 551 Here nurtured are her heroes bold Whose fame is glorj to the State, And future days with pride and joy The tale of glory shall relate. From "N. II.'s "walls went Ransom forth Leading New England's gallant sons — • The beau ideal of chivalry, He sought the post where fame is w^on. Upon the plains of Mexico No braver foot has ever trod. Nor ever did there purer blood Stain red the trampled battle-sod. 'Twas at ('hapultepec he fell When, sword in hand, he stormed the height, Leading his men till death was met Beneath the starry flag of light. The Spanish Cortez, clad in mail. Ne'er held, more brave, the battle's front Than did this hero of " N. U." This unmailed son of Old Vermont ! Peace smiled again upon the land And back our soldiers marched with pride; In happy homes war was forgot And all the dangers which betide. Another generation grew. In this fair time, to man's estate To take the place their fathers held And mould the great Republic's fate. And when rebellion raised its hand To smite the hope of all the years. Few other men in all the land Rose quicker than our mountaineers To meet and crush the hostile power (By suicidal fury driven) Which strove to wreck, in evil hour. The fairest state to man e'er given. They left their homes and dear ones there; They left their hills, like torrents sweeping. And on the southern plains so fair They proved the cause of bitter weeping. When war's red lightning flashed athwart our sky, And cannon boomed like thunder from on high, Then rushed into the fight " N. U.'s" brave sons To meet the leaden hail of rebel guns. 552 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. On many battlefields they bravely stood, In many struggles shed heroic blood. The glory won by them in that dark day A garland forms which filial hands may lay Upon the brow of Alma Mater, proud That with such sons she was so well endowed. Then Dodge and Buel took the field; And Milroy, Shedd and Bryant, brave, With Seymour, drew the battle blade, Their native land from death to save. And 'neath the stars and stripes enrolled Were Lewis, Seaver, Stoughton, true, While poet Kent whose songs we love Cast down his pen and donned the blue. So Rice and Tenney, Alvord, Bean, Kingsley and Kelton faced the foe. While Carpenter upon the sea Saw the red light of battle glow. Three Ransom boys with eager feet Trod in the footsteps of their sire; For blood will tell, and they maintained Their name and fame in battle's fire. And Randall also, let his name Not be forgotten here to-night; He brought to Old " N. U." his fame— His laurels bravely won in fight. And "Jimmie" — what shall I say of him? Has not the private soldier claim ' (Hard-earned in fight and prison-pen) To some remembi'ance of his name? Brave Clarke of Georgia, gallant soul, For native state with fury fought, Till Appomattox peaceful rolled And om- old flag's reflection caught. Then with the coiirage of the great, He called the Stars and Stripes his own. Feeling that God had ruled the State And made one land and one alone. Still other names — five hundred more — Might claim with right to be enrolled (For deeds of valor they have done) Among our heroes brave and bold. Too long the list — fair Olio faints. To tell of all our warrior-saints. NORWICH POEMS AXD SONGS. 553 Enough, if these shall but excite Our sons to emulate in fight The deeds which will arouse our pride While love of country shall abide. With others of the loyal North, These saved the land to freedom given; r^ffaced the footprints of the slave^ And saw each cruel fetter riven. Again the flag of freedom floated Without a single star obscured, Without a single stripe polluted, And freedom for all time secured. They fought, their native land to save; Their blood for native land was shed; All honors to the living brave! All honor to the noble dead! The willows droop and sadly weep O'er many a patriot-soldier's form; Green grows the grass where low they sleep. And keep, true hearts, their memories warm. Home came our heroes from the fight, Bedecked with laurel leaves of glory. And welcome to our longing sight As welcome to our ears their story. We honor them for dangers passed — • For toils and hardships they have borne; May Time his frost but lightly cast And their gray hairs be proudly worn. And for the brave who ne'er came back — Who left their bones upon the field — A deathless fame we give to them Who, for their country, life did yield. On many a distant field they lie — 'Tis holy ground where'er they be — From broad Potomac to the James, And from Atlanta to the Sea. From Vicksburg fo the (kilf their blood Has hallowed the unconscious sod. And in the Wilderness from which Heroic souls went up to God. Our heroes dead we mourn with pride. And they our warmest love engage; The nation lives because they died To win our glorious heritage. 554 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. To them we give the word of praise; To them we drop a heartfelt tear, While loud we call on future days To hold their mem'ry ever dear. May coming years behold new glories shed Upon "N. U., " while proud she lifts her head. May brave young lives go hence into life's fray/ To dare and do where duty points the way. And when another sixty years have stole Into the past, upon our honor-roll Let other names appear and proudly tell Of those who tried to fight life's battle well. All hail to you, Alumni, gathered here To tread the peaceful walks in youth so dear; To pay your tribute of fond love and praise To old " N. U.," so loved in other days; Tn days to come maj^ she have sons as brave To offer life, when only life can save. Of these her children, let the number swell Who'll love as much and honor her as well; And from this fount let streams of knowledge go. As from our hills the laughing waters flow May distant years this Institution see Still prosp 'ring, and may kindly Fate decree That every spot its students' feet may press Shall be a spot which love and peace shall bless. Et jamque vale. Softly speak the word. 'Tis hard to say farewell when hearts are stirred By memories of youth, of love and joy Which gnawing time can never quite destroy. Yet we must say it, and from here depart Like pilgrims turning with a heavy heart From the shrine they've sought, o'er long and dusty way, Where they in faith might their devotions pay. So we, with all that brought us here in mind, And backward glance at all we leave behind. With lips that tremble, with the words they tell, Say to you all, God bless you; and farewell NORWICH POEMS AND SONGS. 555 TO THE COLORS. Tune: Heidelberg Song. ' BY PROF. C. V. WOODBURY. Oh, Norwich, Ahna Plater, dear, We pledge thy name today For all the strife of years gone by Has passed fore'er away; We only seek thy honor now AVhate'er our sign or name For old " N. U., " so good, so true, Holds all her sons the same, For old "N. v.," so good, so true. Holds all her sons the same. Chorus. Here's to the frat of white and red, Here's to the white and blue. Here's to the purple and silver grey, To the hearts that are ever true; Theta and Sig and Delta Kap, Commons and grads of old, We'll join in a toast that we love to drink. Here's to maroon and gold. The blue of Alpha Sigma Pi Is truth, eternal, sure; Devotion's red in Theta Chi, Shall live forever more. The white of purity unites These two in one great whole; Red, white and blue — brave, pure and true — Shall ever be our goal. Red, white and blue — brave, pure and true — Shall ever be our goal. Chorus. Here's to the frat of white and red, Here's to the white and blue. Here's to the purple and silver grey, To hearts that are ever true; Theta and Sig and Delta Kap, etc. 556 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. NORWICH. Tune: America. BY ROY L. ANDREW3, '09. Our Alma Mater, queen, Fair may she always seem To every son; And may her halls abound With proudest laurels crowned, As every foe is found And vict'ry won. We raise our song to thee, To make thy praises be Ever more loud; And may the East and West, The South and North be blest With sons whose every quest Shall make thee proud. And as each year is o'er. And time builds up the score Of famous ones. May thy name stand out bright And shine by Wisdom's light First in the nation's sight For work well done. The nation's banner waves, O'er many heroes' graves As freedom's told. And strength is ever graced By Wisdom's flag o'er faced So by its side is placed Maroon and gold. NORWICH POEMS AND SONGS. 557 NORWICH. Tune: Annie Lisle. BY ROY L. ANDREWS, '09. Hill and dale rebound the echoes Of the swelling cry, While afar the swiftest breezes. Raise it still more high. And the clouds that o 'er us hover Roll the tide along, Till the earth and sky are ringing, This triumphant song. Chorus. Shout the vict'ries. Praise her louder. Keep her still in view. Hail, all hail our Alma Mater, Hail, all hail, "N. U." As the years roll ever onward, And the sun is seen, May its light forever brighten Alma Mater, queen. May her line of sons illustrious Great her praises tell Till the sons as yet unheard of Help this music swell. Chorus. Raise oiu- chorus. Sing it louder. Sing the song anew; Hail, all hail, our Alma Mater, Hail, all hail, "N. U." Firm and right and ever steady May she always stand. Loved by many loyal hundreds Whose all mighty hand They will use to well protect her, From each mortal foe. And her name in blazing letters To all ages show. Chorus. Shout the chorus. Raise it higher, To the Heaven's blue, Hail, all hail, our Alma Mater, Hail, all hail. "N. U." CHAPTER XII. " N. U." Charter and Legislative Acts. CHARTER. An Act Incorporating and Establishing the Norwich University AT Norwich, \\'indsor County, Vermont. It is hereby enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Vermont: That there be, and hereby is, a Seminary of Learning, instituted, estab- Hshed, and incorporated at Norwich, in ^^'indsor County, by the name and style of the Norwich University, and that Messrs. Josiah Dana, Jedediah H. Harris, Silas H. Jennisou, Caleb Keith, William Noble, David P. Noyes, Sanuiel U. Allen, John Wright, Joshua Stowe, Isaac N. Cushman, Jonathan P. Miller, William Sweatt, Hubbard II. Winchester, and Elijah Miller, shall be, and hereby are constituted a body corporate and politic and together with eleven others, to be by them elected at their first meeting, shall hereafter be called and known by the name of " The Trustees of the Norwich University,' ' and that by that name they and their successors shall, and may have perpetual succession, and shall and may be known in law, to plead and be impleaded, defend and be defended against; answer and be answered unto, and also to have, take, possess, acquire, purchase, or otherwise receive monies, lands, tenements, hereditaments, goods, chattels, or estate, to the amount of one hundred thousand dollars, and may grant, demise, lease, use, manage, or improve the same for the good and benefit of said University according to their discretion. Sec. 2. It is hereby further enacted, that the said Trustees and their successors shall and may have a common seal, to serve and use for all causes, matters, and affairs of theirs and their successors, and the same may alter, or make anew as they think fit. Sec. 3. It is hereby further enacted, that the said Trustees may, and shall at their first meeting, elect eleven other Trustees to fdl up said board; also a President and Vice-President of said University; and a Secretary and Treasurer of the board, which said President shall also be an ex-officio member and President of the Board of Trustees. Sec. 4. It is hereby further enacted, that there shall be a meeting of said Trustees, in one of the buildings of the Institution, on the Thursday next succeeding the third Wednesday of August, annually, and at such other time and place as they shall see cause to appoint, to consult, advise, and act in and about the affairs and business of said Institution; and at any time when it may be deemed necessary the Officers of said Board may call special meetings thereof, bj' giving notice by letter to said Board, eight days previous to the time of said meeting. And at any meeting of said Board seven of its NORWICH UNIVERSITY CHARTER. 559 members shall constitute a quorum, which may legally transact any business proper for said Board to transact; and if the President, by leason of death, disability, or other cause, shall not attend such meeting of the Board, then the Vice-President of the University shall officiate as President -pro tern, of the Board; and said Trustees and their successors, in any of their meetings assem- bled as aforesaid, may fill any vacancy which may have occurred in their own body, or remove any of their members for misdemeanor, immorality, default, or incapacity, provided that seven of said corporation shall concur therein, and shall have power to appoint professors or instructors, and all such other officers and assistants as they shall fi.nd necessary and think fit to ap- point, for the good management and promotion of said Institution, and them or any of them, may remoA^e at their discretion. Sec. 5. It is hereby further enacted, that the Trustees aforesaid shall have and exercise govermnent of said Institution, together with the care and management of all matters and affairs belonging thereto; and shall have power to make and establish all such reasonable and proper laws, rules and regulations, as may be necessary for governing, instructing and education of the students, and the managing of said Institution, and the same may repeal and alter from time to time, as they may see fit, provided the same be not contrary to the constitution and laws of this State, or of the United States (and provided also that no rules, laws, or regulations of a sectarian character, either in religion or politics, shall be adopted or imposed, nor shall any student ever be questioned or controlled on account of his religious or political belief by said Board or the Faculty of said Institution, or any of them, either directly or indirectly;) and said laws, rules and regulations shall be laid before the Legislature of this State, whenever required by that body, and may by them, be disallowed, altered or repealed. Sec. 6. It is hereby further enacted, that the said Board shall be required to furnish at said Institution, constantly, a course of military instruction, both theoretical and practical, and also of civil engineering, and the practical sciences generally. And the President of said Institution, with the consent of the Trustees, shall have power to give and confer all such diplomas, degrees, honors, or licenses, as are usually given or conferred in colleges or universities at their discretion, provided, however, that in so doing, they shall have re- spect to the morals and merits of the candidate alone. Sec. 7. It is hereby further enacted, that the persons of the president, vice-president, professors, instructors, or assistants, and students, shall he exempted from all rates, taxes, or military duties. And the buildings belonging to said Institution, and all lands necessary for exercise, agricultural and horticultural purposes, and other conveniences, not however, exceeding two hundred acres, shall be exemptetl from all taxes or rates whatever. Sec. 8. It is hereby further enacted, that the Governor of this State be, and hereby is empowered and required to issue to said Trustees and their successors, a charter of incorporation, made in due form of law, agreeably to this act, previous to the first meeting of said Trustees, which shall take place at the University building, on the first \\'ednesday of December, A. D., one thousand eight hundred and thirtj^-four. Sec. 9. Provided, nevertheless, and it is hereby [further enacted'Jthat the Legislature shall have power to alter, amend or disallow said charter 560 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. whenever sufficient cause for so doing shall, in their estimation exist, any- thing in this act to the contrary notwithstanding. Passed, November 6th, 1834. NO. 17 UNDER ACTS OF 1835. An Act Directing the Treasurer to Pay T. B. Ransom the 8um Therein Mentioned. It is herehij enacted by the General Asse7nbly of the ^Statc of ] 'crmont: That the treasurer be, and he is hereby, directed to pay T. B. Ransom the sum of seventy-five dollars, out of any money in the treasury not other- wise appropriated; it being for his services in revising the militia law as re- ported by said committee. Passed, Nov. 2, 1835. NO. 93 UNDER ACTS OF 1835. An Act Directing the Quartermaster General to Loan to Captain Alden Partridge one Hundred and Fifty Stands of Arms. It is hereby enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Vermont: That the quarter master general, be, and hereby is, directed to loan to Captain Alden Partridge, of Norwich, one hundred and fifty muskets, and bayonets fitted to the same, out of any arms belonging to this State, not now in use; taking from said Alden Partridge a receipt for said arms, with a promise to return the same on demand, and embracing any other conditions and regulations which the quarter master general may deem proper, for the safe keeping and re-delivery of said arms. Passed, Nov. 6, 1835. ACT NO. 40 IN THE ACTS OF 1837. An Act in Addition to an Act Incorpor.\ting the Norwich University It is hereby enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Vermont: That the annual meeting of the Board of Trustees of the Norwich Uni- versity shall hereafter be holden on the third Wednesday in August, annually, instead of the time provided in the act of incorporation. Approved by the Governor, Oct. 2G. 1837. An Act in Addition to an Act Incorporating Norwich University. It is hereby enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Vermont: That the Trustees of the Norwich University, may, at any regular meet- ing of their Board, by a vote of two thirds of the members present, locate said University at any place within this State, easterly of the Green Mountains. Approved, November 1st, 1843. NO. 92, UNDER ACTS OF 1850. Resolution Directing Loan of Field Piece to Norwich LTniversity. Resolved, by the Senate and House of Representatives: That the quarter- master general, be, and he is hereby, directed to loan to the president of the LEGISLATIVE ACTS. 561 Norwicli University, one field jiiece, well mounted and fit for service, and take the receipt of the said president therefor, conditioned for the safe keeping and return of said piece. In Senate, November L'3, 1850. Taken up, amended, and adopted. D. W. C. Clarke, 8ec'y- In House of Representatives, November 13, l.S.")0. Read, and adojited in concurrence. J. H. Barrett, Ass't Clerk. NO. 84, UNDER ACTS OF 1852. Resolution directing the quartermaster general to loan to the I'rcsident of Norwich University one field piece. Resolved, by the Senate and House of Representatives: That the quarter- master general be, and he is hereby, directed to loan to the president of the Norwich University one fiekl piece, well mounted and fit for service, and take the receipt of the said president therefor, conditioned for the safe keeping and return of said piece. In House of Representatives, November 12, 1852. Read and adopted. C. K. Wright, Ass't Clerk. In Senate, November 17, 1852. Reporte'l favorably, and ailopted in concurrence. William M. Dickerman, Ass't Secretary. NO. 39, UNDER ACTS OF 1852. An Act Rel.\ting to the Collection and Distribution of the School Fund. It is hereby enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Vermont: Section 1. The note executed by George W. Benedict and others, on behalf of the corporation of the University of Vermont, to the commissioner of the school fund, December 19th, 1843, is hereby cancelled and discharged, provided, that the said corporation pay to the treasurer of the State the sum of nine hundred and twenty dollars, on or before the first tlay of March next. Sec. 2. The treasurer of the State is hereby directed to collect the re- mainder of the school fund now due, (exclusive of said note,) which, together with the nine hundred and twenty dollars aforesaid, and such part of said fund as has been collected since the nineteenth day of November, 1851, shall be paid over, in equal sums, to the president and fellows of Middlebury College, and to the corporation of Norwich University. Sec. 3. All acts or parts of acts inconsistent with this act arc herel)y repealed. Sec. 4. This act shall take effect from its passage. Approved, November 15, 1852. NO. 73 OF THE ACTS OF 1855. Resolution Authorizing the Quarter-m.vster General to Loan Arms to Norwich University. Resolved, by the Senate and House of Representatives: That the quarter- master general is hereby authorized to loan to the corporation of Norwich 562 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. University such arms belonging to the State as may be wanted for the use of the students of said University; Provided, the officers of said University give good and sufficient security for the safe keeping and return of the same on demand. In the House of Representatives, November 9, 1855. Read and adopted. Jedd p. C. Cottkill, Ass't Clerk. In Senate, November 10, 1855. Read and adopted in concurrence. Edwin H.vrvey, Ass't Secretary. An Act to Authorize the Governor to Loan Arms, etc., to Norwich University. It is Jiereby enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Vermont: Section 1. The Governor is authorized to loan to Norwich University such arms and equipments of all kinds, the property of this State, as said University' shall need, for the purpose of instructing its students in military tactics. Sec. 2. The Governor is further authorized to make requisition upon the United States government for eighty cadet muskets, as a part of the quota of arms appointed in this State, under the Act of Congress, and loan said Uni- versity, as provided in this Act. Provided, that, before said muskets shall be delivered to the University, the president or treasurer thereof shall execute to the governor a certificate acknowledging the receipt of the same, and con- ditioned for the safe keeping and return thereof to the governor, when by him ordered. Sec. 3. This act shall take effect from its passage. Approved, November 26, 1862. ACT NO. 91 TAKEN FROM ACTS OF 1866. No. 91. — An Act to Amend An Act Entitled, "An Act Incorporating and Establishing the Norwich University, at Norwich in Windsor County" Passed November 6, A. D. 1834. It is Jiereby enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Vermont: Section 1. Section five of "An Act incorporating and establishing the Norwich University, at Norwich, in Windsor County," passed November 6th, A. D., 1834, is hereby so amended as to read as follows: It is hereby further enacted, that the trustees aforesaid shall have and exercise the government of said Institution, together with the care and manage- ment of all matters and affairs belonging thereto; and shall have power to make and establish all such reasonable and proper laws, rules, and regulations, as may be necessary for the governing,instructing and education of the students and the managing of said Institution; and the same may alter and repeal, from time to time, as they may see fit; provided the same be not contrary to the con- stitution and laws of this State or of the United States, and said laws, rules and regulations shall be laid before the Legislature of this State whenever required by that body, and may by them be disallowed, altered or repealed. Sec. 2. This act shall take effect from its passage. Approved, November 10, 1866. LEGISLATIVE ACTS. 563 AN ACT DELATING TO THE MILITIA. It is fiereby enacted by tlie General Assembly of the State of Vermont: Section 1. The adjutant general of the State may, upon the appli- cation of the president of Norwich University, authorize the enlistment in the State of one company of infantry, and one section of artillery, to be formed of the cadets of said University, and attach the same to any regiment of infantry and battery of artillery, not already filled. Sec. 2. The professor of military science and tactics in the Norwich University shall be ex-officio commander of the organization, with the rank of captain. The other othcers shall be commissioned by the Governor of the State, upon the recommendation of the professor of military science and tactics, and shall consist of one cadet captain with the rank of first lieutenant, and a cadet lieutenant with the rank of second lieutenant, to each company or sec- tion. Sec. 3. This act shall take effect from its passage. Apijroved, November 18, 1870. NO. 124 UNDER THEACTS OF 1872. An Act to Incorporate the Alpha Sigma Pi Society of the Norwich University. It is hereby enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Vermont: Section 1. William G. Owen, James P. Caldwell, Francis' /■. Kimball and their associates and successors, members of the Norwich University in Northfield, are hereby constituted a body politic and corporate for the purpose of promoting useful knowledge and of collecting and securing a permanent library and cabinet, either or both, to be known and distinguished by the name of the Alpha Sigma Pi Society, and by that name shall have succession, may sue and be sued, implead and be impleaded, contract and be contracted with; may have a common seal and the same may alter at pleasure; may make their own by-laws, rules, and regulations; may levy and collect taxes and assessments on the resident members of said Society, and may do all such acts which the good order and interests of said Society may require, pro- vided the same be not repugnant to the constitution and laws of this or of the United States. Sec. 2. The first meeting of said Society shall be held on the second Friday succeeding the passage of this act or such other time as the corporators herein named may agree upon, and a majority of those present, members of said Society, shall constitute a quorum to transact any business whatsoever. Said first meeting shall be held in Northfield, and the time and place of holding the same shall be notified to the members of said Society at least six days before the time of said meeting. Sec. 3. The library and cabinet or other proiJcrty of said society shall remain permanently located at Northfield, and shall not at any time be divided among the members of said society except upon the discontinuance of the Nor- wich University; and if at any time from deficiency of members or other cause said Society shall become extinct, the library and cabinet property shall be- come the property of said University, for the permanent use of its members. 564 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. Sec. 4. This act shall be under the control of future legislatures to alter and amend as the public good may require, and shall take effect from its pas- sage. Approved, November 23, 1872. ACT NO. 199 OF THE ACTS OF 18S0. An Act to Change the Name op the Norwich University. It is hereby enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Vermont: Section 1. An act entitled, "An Act incorpoi'ating and establishing the Norwich University at Norwich in Windsor county," passed November G, 1834, is hereby so amended that said corporation shall be known and called by the name of Lewis College. Sec. 2. This act shall take effect when the same shall be accepted by a vote of the trustees of said Norwich University, at a meeting duly called for that purpose. Approved, December 10, 1880. REVISED LAWS OF VERMONT, 1880. CHAPTER 1G8. PAGE 721. Sec. 3751. The preceding section shall not affect the section of artillery formed of the students of Norwich University, which shall be officered as follows: the professor of military science and tactics in the University shall be, by virtue of his office, commander, with the rank of captain; the other officers shall be commissioned by the governor upon the recommendation of said professor, and shall consist of a cadet captain with the rank of ffi-st lieutenant, and a cadet lieutenant with the rank of second lieutenant. ACT NO. 252, UNDER ACTS OF 1884. An Act to Restore the Name of the Norwich University. It is hereby enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Vermont: Section 1. An Act entitled " An Act to change the name of the Norwich University,' ' approved December 10, 1880, is hereby repealed. Sec. 2. The name of the Norwich University, as established under the provisions of an act entitled "An Act incorporating and establishing the Norwich University at Norwich, in Windsor County" passed November 6, 1834, is hereby restored and re-established. Sec. 3. This act shall take effect from its passage. Approved, October 24, 1884. ACT NO. 253, UNDER ACTS OF 1884. An Act Relating to the Appointment of Cadets to Norwich University. It is hereby enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Vermont: Section 1. There shall be admitted, free of charge for tuition and room rent to the Norwich University, at Northfield, as many students from each county in the state as there are senators from such county in the General Assembly, who shall be instructed in all departments of learning taught in LEGISLATIVE ACTS. 565 said University, and be subject to all the rules and regulations of said school. Sec. 2. The senators in each county shall designate and appoint the cadet or cadets from such county to the said University, and, whenever a vancacy occurs from such county for any cause, fill the same; said appoint- ments to be made by competitive examination, in the month of June in each year, and whenever a vacancy shall exist. Sec. 3. Whenever the senators from any county shall fail to fill any vacancy from such county for one month after being notified of the same Viy the trustees of said University, the trustees may fill the same by appointing from that county if there are any applicants who pass the examination required by the rules of said University, and, if not then from any county in the state. Sec. 4. The auditor of accounts shall draw his order on the treasurer of the State, payable to the trustees of said University or the treasurer thereof, for the sum of fifty dollars for each cadet so attending said University, ap- pointed as above, which shall be in full payment for tuition and room rent for such cadets, said tuitions to be payable in conformity with the rules of said University now existing as to the payment of tuitions, on the sworn state- ment of account of the president or vice-president of said University, and to be paid by the first tlay of June in each year. Sec. 5. This act shall take effect from its passage. Approved, November 25, 1884. ACT NO. 222, UNDER ACTS OF 1888. An Act to Incorporate Theta Chi Fraternity of Norwich University. It is hereby enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Vermont: Section 1. Julius J. Estey, Henry E. Alvord, John B.Johnson, Isaac P. Booth, Charles H. Spooner, H. M. Phillips, Charles Dole, F. E. Lamb, Herman Dressel, J. H. Judkins, E. A. Shuttleworth, their associates and successors, graduates and members of the Norwich University, are hereby constituted a corporation and body politic, for the purpose of promoting useful knowledge, intellectual, social and aesthetic culture, under the name of the Theta Chi Fraternity of the Norwich University; and by that name may sue and be sued, implead and be impleaded; may have a common seal and adopt a common badge; may have perpetual succession, may enjoy all the privileges incident to corporations; may purchase, hold and convey real and personal estate not to exceed the amount of twenty-five thousand dollars; may make and adopt their own constitution and by-laws; may lay and collect taxes on resident members of said Fraternity, in said University; and may do all acts which the prosperity and well-being of the fraternity may lequire. Sec. 2. J. B. Johnson is hereby authorized to call the first meeting of said corporation at such time and place as he may elect, within one year from the passage of this act. Sec. 3. This act shall be subject to the control of future legislatures, to alter or amend as the public good may require. Sec. 4. This act shall take effect from its passage. Approved, November 22, 1888. 566 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. ACT NO. 154, OF THE ACTS OF 1892. An Act to Amend an Act Entitled "An Act Incorporating and Es- tablishing THE Norwich Universiti" Approved November G, 1834. It is herebij enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Vermont: Section. 1. That section four, of an " act to incorporate, and establish ing the Norwich University, ap^jroved November 6, 1834, " be amended as follows: That there shall be a meeting of said trustees, annually, in one of the buildings of the Institution, on the Wednesday in June next preceding the annual commencement day. Sec. 2. This act shall take effect from its passage. Approved, November 4, 1892. ACT NO. 2G, UNDER ACTS OF 1892 An Act in Aid of Norwich University and Providing for Thirty Scholarships Therein. It is hereby enacted by the General Asseiyibly of the State of Vermont: Section 1. The auditor of accounts is hereby directed to draw his order on the state treasurer in favor of the treasurer of Norwich University semi-annually on the first day of December and June for the sum of twelve hundred dollars, said sum of twenty-four hundred dollars annually to be ex- pended by said University in payment of the tuition and room rent of thirty students therein, one of whom shall be designated and appointed by each senator in the General Assembly, such appointment to be made by such senator from his respective county provided any suitable candidate shall apply therefor, otherwise from any county in the State; and all A'acancies in such appointments shall be filled by the senator who made the appoint- ment vacated, or by his successor in office. Said appointment to be made in the month of June preceding the commencement of the college coarse of the student so appointed, and wherever such vacancy shall occur. Sec. 2. Whenever any senator from any county shall fail to make an original appointment or to fill any vacancy among such appointed students, after one month's notice of his right to do so from the president of said Uni- versity, the trustees may make such appointment or fill such vacancy, by ap- pointment from that county if there are any applicants therefrom who shall pass the examination required by the rule of said Institution, and if not, then from any county in the State. Sec. 3. All moneys in any wise paid to said University or the students thereof by the state or its quartermaster-general shall be kept in a separate and independent account. Sec. 4. All previous acts or parts of acts relating to scholarships in Norwich University are hereby repealed. Sec. 5. This act shall take effect from its passage. Approved, November 21, 1892. LEGISLATIVE ACTS. oG7. XO. 2(.l, INDER ACTS OF 1894. An Act i.v Amendment of Number Thirty-seven of the Acts of 1834 Entitled' "An Act Incorporating and Establishing the Norwich University at Norwich, Vermont.' ' /( is hereby enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Vermont: Section 1. The trustees of Norwich University, on the nomination of the alumni of said University, may elect five trustees in addition to the num- ber provided by the act incorporating said University and the trustees so elected shall each vacate his ofhce at the end of five years from his election. Sec. 2. The trustees who have been elected upon the nomination of the alumni are confirmed in their office and each shall vacate his office at the expiration of five years from the date of his election. Sec. 3. The trustees of said University may prescribe the rules governing the nomination of trustees by the alumni of said University. Apjjroved Xoveuiber 12, 1894. XO. 33, UNDER ACTS OF 1898. An Act Providing for a Board of Visitors and to Increase the Efficiency OF the Norwich University. It is hereby enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Vermont: Section 1. The governor shall, biennially, during the session of the general assembly, with the advice and consent of the senate, appoint four persons, who, with the superintendent of education, shall constitute a Board of Visitors to N^orwich University, and whose term of office shall commence on the first day of December next succeeding their appointment, and continue until their successors are appointed; and any vacancj^ occurring between the sessions of the general assembly, shall be filled by the governor. Sec. 2. It shall be the duty of said board to visit and inspect said Uni- versity, at such times as they may see fit, and to report the result of such in- spection, and the manner of the expenditure of the money herein appropriated to the governor, who shall transmit the same to the legislature at its next ensuing session. Sec. 3. The members of said board, with the exception of the superin- tendent of education, shall each be paid the sum of three dollars per day for time spent in said service, not exceeding five days in each year, and expenses; the same to be paid by the treasurer of said Norwich University from the appropriation herein made. Sec. 4. The state auditor shall, on the first day of January and July in each year, draw an order on the state treasurer in favor of the treasurer of Norwich University, for the sum of eighteen hundred dollars; which sum shall be expended by the trustees of said University in carrying out the provisions and purposes of its Charter. Sec. 5. This act shall take effect from its passage. Approved, November IG, 1898. 568 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. NO. 249, UNDER ACTS OF 1898. An Act in Addition to An Act to Incorporate the Alpha Sigma Pi Society of Norwich University. It is herebj/ enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Vermont: Section 1. Section 4 of Act No. 124 of the Acts of 1872, shall read as follows: Said Society shall at its last regular meeting of each college year choose two trustees from its active members. The past members of said Society, shall annually, at such time and place as they may decide, choose three trustees who, in conjunction with those chosen by the Society shall constitute a board hereby empowered to acquire and hold in trust for the use of said Society, any buildings, real estate or other property necessary or incidental to the purposes for which the said Society was chartered. Vacancies on this board shall be filled in the same way as regular members are elected, and as soon as possible after such vacancies occur. Said trustees are to hold office for one year, or until their successors are duly elected. It shall be the duty of said trustees to receive and expend, for the use, construction or purchase of a society building or hall, any sums of money that may be raised or contributed for that purpose; to keep in good repair and condition for use by said Society, the property in their control, so far as they are able so to do, with funds or resources placed at their disposal. If at any time said Society shall, for any reason, cease to exist or use its property for its own purposes, it shall be the duty of said board of trustees to transfer to the trustees of Norwich University its said property, or any sum of money that may be realized from the sale of the same, for the use for said University, or if said University shall cease to exist, to make such dis- position or distribution of said property to the surviving members of the said Society as said board shall deem pi'oper. Sec. 2. Section 4 of said act of 1872 shall be changed so as to be section 5 of said act as hereby amended. Approved, November 22, 1898. NO. 31, UNDER ACTS OF 1900. An Act to Amend No. 32 of the Acts op 1898, Relating to Norwich University. It is hereby enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Vermont: Section 1. No. 32 of the Acts of 1898 is hereby amended so as to read as follows: Norwich University is hereby recognized as the Military College of the State of Vermont; and its faculty are hereby given local rank as follows: assistant professors, the rank of second lieutenant; professors for the first five years of service as such, the rank of fii-st lieutenant; for the second five years, the rank of captain; after ten years, the rank of major; after twenty years, the rank of lieutenant colonel; the president shall have the rank of colonel; all without pay from the state. Sec. 2. This act shall take effect from its i^assage. Approved, November 13, 1900. LEGISLATIVE ACtS. 569 NO. 198, UNDER ACTS OF 1900. An Act to fix the Date of the Annual Meeting of the Trustees of Norwich University and Repealing No. 40, of the Acts of 1837. It is hereby enacted by the General Assembly of the Slate of Vermont: Section 1. The annual meeting of the board of trustees of Norwich University, the MiUtary College of the State of Vermont, shall l>o held during the commencement week of said Institution. Sec. 2. No. 40 of the acts of 1837 is hereby repealed. Sec. 3. This act shall take effect from its passage. Approved, November 1(3, lUOO. NO. 377 UNDER ACTS OF 1902. Joint resolution relating to printing and distribution of the report of the Board of Visitors to Norwich University. Resolved by the Senate and House of Remesentatives: That the clerk of the house is hereby instructed to have four hundred and fifty copies of the reports of the visitors to Norwich University printed for dis- tribution among the members of the legislature. That this report be referred to the military committees of the house and senate. JOHN H. MERRIPTELD, Speaker of the House of Representatives. ZED S. STANTON, President of the Senate. Approved, October 25, 1902. JOHN G. McCULLOUGH, Governor. NO. 31 UNDER ACTS OF 1902. An Act to provide for the commissioning of graduates of Norwich Uni- versity, the Military College of the State of Vermont, as additional second lieutenants in the National Guard. It is hereby enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Vermont: Section 1. Students at Norwich University, who are legal residents of the State of Vermont shall upon completion of their course of instruction, if specially recommended by the president of Norwich University to the governor, be commissioned as additional second lieutenants in the National Guard, to be called into service upon their own application and the approval of the governor. Sec. 2. Officers, thus commissioned, shall report to the adjutant general annually at such time as may be prescribed by that officer; and failure to so report for two successive years shall operate to vacate the commission of the officer thus failing to report. . Approved, December 8, 1902. NO. 52 UNDER ACTS OF 1904. An Act to Incre.\se the Efficiency of the Engineer Department of Norwich University, the St.vte Military College of Vermont. It is hereby enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Vermont: Section 1. That annually, for a period of ten years from the passage of this bill, on or before the fii'st day of June, each state senator shall name two 570 NORWICH TTNIVERSITY. candidates, residents of his county, as principal and alternate, for a scholarship covering tuition for four years in the State Military College of Vermont, Nor- wich University. Sec. 2. Upon notification by the president of the University, the prin- cipal named in accordance with section one, or, if he shall have failed, the alter- nate, shall present himself to the proper board for examination. Sec. 3. If for any reason a senator from any county shall have failed to nominate a candidate as provided in section 1, or if both principal and alter- nate shall have failed to pass the entrance examination, the president of the University may, at his discretion, appoint one to fill the vacancy so existing, the appointee to be selected from properly qualified applicants for admission, and from that county when possible. Sec. 4. That during the said period of ten years on each first day of January and of July, the auditor of the State shall draw an oider on the treas- urer of the State in favor of the treasurer of Norwich University for the sum of twenty-five hundred dollars, which sum shall be applied to the improvement of the department of engineering as follows: One- fifth annually for the purchase of needed instruments, appliances, and apparatus, and four-hfths to the payment of the salaries of the professors in said department. Sec. 5. That the existing duties of the Board of Visitors shall be extended to cover the provisions of this act. Sec. 0. This act shall take effect from its passage. Approved, December 9, 1904. NO. 2C)9 OF THE ACTS OF 1904. An Act to Amend Number 37 of the Acts of 1834 Entitled "An Act to Incorporate and Establish Norwich University." It is hereby enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Vermont: Section 1. Section 1 of number 37 of the Acts of 1834 is hereby amended as follows: After the words "goods; chattels or estate" in said section strike out the words " to the amount of one hundred thousand dollars.' ' Sec. 2. Section seven of said act is hereby amended so as to read as follows : The persons of the president, vice-presitlent, professors, instructors, assistants, librarian and students shall be exempted from military duties not involved in this connection with the Institution. And the buildings belong- ingto said Institution, and all lands necessary for exercise, agricultural and horticultural piu-poses and other conveniences, not, however, exceeding two hundred acres, shall be exempted from all taxes or rates whatsoever. Sec. 3. Students at the herein named University shall be exempted from all rates and taxes. Sec. 4. This act shall take effect from its passage. Approved, December 9, 1904. LEGISLATIVE ACTS. 571 NO. 3^9 UNDER ACTS OF 190G. An Act to Limit the Terms of Office of the Tru-stees of Nurwkm. Uni- versity . It is hereby enacted by the General Assembhj of the State of Vermont: Section 1. The board of trustees of Norwich University as constituted by its Charter is hereby divideoard. Sec. 6. This act shall take effect from its passage. Approved, Xovember 1.^, 1906. NO. 350 OF THE ACTS OF 1906. An Act to Amend .Section 1 of No. 91 of the Acts of 1S66, Entitled "An Act to Amend An Act Incorfor.^ting and Establishing the Norwich Uni\ersitv at Norwich in Windsor County, Passed Novem- ber 6, A. D., 1.534." It is hereby enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Vermont. Section 1. Section 1 of No. 91 of the Acts of 1866 is hereby amended so as to read as follows, viz. : It is hereby further enacted, that the trustees aforesaid shall have and exercise the government of said Institution, together with the care and management of all matters and affairs belonging thereto; and shall have power to make and establish all such reasonable and projier laws, rules and regulations, as may be necessary for the governing, instructing and etlucating of the students, and the managing of .said Institution; and the same may repeal 572 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. and alter, from time to time, as they may see fit, provided the same be not contrary to the constitution and laws of this state or of the United States; and provided also, that no rules, laws or regulations of a sectarian character, either in religion or politics, shall be adopted or imposed; nor shall any student ever be questioned or controlled on account of his religious or political belief by said board or the faculty of said Institution, or any of them, either directly or indirectly, and said laws, rules and regulations shall be laid before the general assembly of this State, wherever required l)y that body, and may by them be disallowed, altered or repealed. Sec. 2. This act shall take effect from its passage. Approved, November 19, 1906. NO. 141 OF THE ACTS OF 1906. An Act to Amend Section 4373 of the Vermont Statutes Relating to Norwich University. // is hereby enacted by the General Asseinbly of the State of Vermont: Section 1. Section 4373 of the Vermont Statutes is hereby amended so as to read as follows, viz. ; Sec. 4373. The provisions of the preceding section shall not affect the military organizations formed of the students of NorAvich University. Said students, upon application of the president of the University and the adjutant-general of the State, may enlist in the militia as a battery of field artillery, a company of signal corps, and a company of engineers, to be properly officered and equipped in accordance with the requirements and provisions and the acts of Congress relating to such organizations. The professor of military science and tactics of the University shall, by virtue of his office, be commander of the corps of cadets with rank of major. Sec. 2. This act shall take efi"ect from its passage. Approved, November 22, 1906. NO. 327, UNDER ACTS OF 1908. An Act to Amend No. 124 of the Acts of 1872, Being An Act to Incor- porate the Alpha Sigma Pi Society of Norwich University, and No. 249 of the Acts of 1898, Being An Act in Addition to An Act TO Incorporate the Alpha Sigma Pi Society of Norwich University. It is hereby enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Vermont: Section 1. Section 1 of No. 124 of the Acts of 1872 is hereby amended so as to read as follows : Sec. 1. The present and past members of the Alpha Sigma Pi Society of the Norwich University are hereby constituted a body politic and corporate for the purpose of promoting useful knowledge and of collecting and securing a permanent library and cabinet of art and science, either or both, to be known and distinguished by the name of the Alpha Sigma Pi Fraternity, and by that name shall have permanent succession, may sue and be sued, may implead and be impleaded, may contract and be contracted with; may purchase, hold, convey and mortgage real and personal estate; may have a common seal and alter and amend the same at pleasure; may make its own by-laws, rules and LEGISLATIVE ACTS, 573 regulations; may lay and collect taxes and assessments on the resident memliers of said Fraternity in said University; may have and enjoy all the privileges incident to corporations, and may do all such acts which the good order and interests of said Fraternity may require, provided the same be not repugnant to the Constitution and laws of this State or of the United States. Sec. 2. Section 1 of No. 249 of the Acts of 1898 is hereby amended so as to read as follows : Sec. 1. Said Fraternity shall at its regular meeting of each college year choose two trustees from its active members. The past members of said Fraternity shall annually, at such time and place as they may decide, choose three trustees, and these five trustees shall constitute a board hereby empowered to acquire and hold in trust for the use of said Fraternity, any real estate, build- ings or other property necessary, or incidental to the purpose for which the said Fraternity was chartered; and in the manner hereinafter^provided shall and may, as trustees of the said Fraternity sell, convey or mortgage such real estate or other property when such sale, conveyance or mortgage is for the purposes for which the said Fraternity was chartered. Vacancies in the board of trustees shall be filled in the same way as regular members thereof are elected and as soon as possible after such vacancies occur. Said trustees shall hold office for one year or until their successors are duly elected. It shall be the duty of said trustees to receive and expend for the use, construction or purchase of a fraternity building or hall any sums of money that may be raised or con- tributed for that purpose; to keep in good repair and condition for use by said Fraternity, the property in their control, so far as they are able so to do with funds or resources placed at their disposal, and when four out of the said five trustees upon due notice and at a meeting formally called and held for the purpose so vote, the said trustees may mortgage such real estate for the pur- pose of securing loans to aid in the purchase or construction of a building or l)uildings for the use of said Fraternity; and when said trustees at a meeting similarly called and held shall, by four out of five of the same, so vote, they may sell all or such portions of the real estate as is held by them in trust, as afore- said, to promote the interests of the Fraternity or the interests of Norwich University, but not otherwise. If at any time said Fraternity shall cease to exist or use its property for its own purpose it shall be the duty of said trustees to transfer to the trustees of Norwich University, its said property, or any sum of money that may be realized from the sale of the same for the use of said University, or if said Uni- versity shall cease to exist, to make such disposal of said property to the sur- viving members of the said Fraternity as said board shall deem proper. Sec. 3. This act shall take effect from its passage. Approved, December 8, 1908. SEC. 3 OF ACT NO. 126 UNDER ACTS OF 1908. An Act to Increase the Efficiency of the Vermont National Gu.vrd. It is hereby enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Vermont: Sec 3. For the purpose of securing and retaining the enrollment in the Vermont National Guard of young men of high academic and military training, the president of Norwich University shall award to the organizations of the Vermont National Guard, at the rate of not to exceed two to each troop, 574 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. company or battery, such of the scholarships provided by section 1187 of the Pubhc Statutes as are unfilled on August first of each year, and upon notificat ion that such a scholarship has been awarded to his organization, the command- ing officer thereof shall, subject to the approval of the regimental commander, name a member of his command, who, if qualified, shall be admitted as a cadet at Norwich University, provided such appointee shall retain his rank in his organization and engage to serve therein two years after the date of his graduation from Norwich University unless sooner commissioned or discharg- ed by competent authority, and that while he is present as a cadet at Nor- wich University he shall be credited on the records of his organization for his attendance at the regular drills and assemblies for military instruction at Norwich University; and provided, further, that there shall be no added expense to the State on account of the provisions of this section. Sec. 4. Sections 5080 and 5081 of the Public Statutes are hereby re- pealed. Sec. 5. This act shall take effect from its passage. Approved, December 12, 1908. NUMBER 174. An Act to Amend Sections 5023, 5047, 5069 and 5088 of the Puhlic Statutes, Relating to Militia. It is herebii enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Vermont: Section 1. Section 5023 of the Public Statutes is hereby amended so as to read as follows, viz : Sec. 5023. Students of Norwich University. The provisions of the pre- ceding section shall not affect the military organizations formed of the students of Norwich University. Said students, upon application of the president of the University and approval of the adjutant general of the State, may enlist in the national guard as cavahy, signal corps, or engineers, and when so enlisted shall be properly officered, organizetl and equipped in accordance with the requirements and provisions of the acts of Congress relating to such organiza- tions. The commandant of cadets of said University, when not an officer of the United States army, shall be commissioned as major. Sec. 2. Section 5047 of the Public Statutes is hereby amended so as to read as follows : Sec. 5047. Attendance on drills; pay of militiamen, etc. Said (juarter- inaster general shall attend each company and regimental drill or paiade provided for in this chapter, and shall pay each officer and enlisted man for duty performed and authorized by this chapter in accordance with the provisions of the same, under regulations prescribed by the commander-in- chief. He shall furnish subsistence to the enlisted men, and shall allow each officer and enlisted man his actual expenses of transportation, subject to such regulations as the commander-in-chief may prescribe. Said quartermaster general is also authorized in his discretion, upon approval of the commander- in-chief, to pay to the Norwich University a sum not exceeding fifteen hundred dollars annually for forage for horses owned by and kept at said University, provided that said University shall, without additional compensation, permit such horses to be used for military purposes, upon request of the governor, by the Vermont national guard, in connection with any camp or school of instruc- LEGISLATIVE ACTS. O/O tioii for the Vermont national guard or any part thereof, either within or with- out the State. The quartermaster general shall make requisition upon the auditor of acounts for the necessary funds to carry out the provisions of this chapter, stating in detail the funds required and for what purpose; and when such requisition is approved by the governor, the auditor of accounts shall draw an order in favor of the quarter-master-general for the sum so approved. Sec. 3. Section 'MW) of the Public Statutes is hereby amended so as to read as follows: Sec. 5069. Annual encampment; additional parades, etc. There shall be held annually an encampment of the national guard for drill, discipline, in- spection and review, to continue not more than seven days, at such times and places, subject to such regulations and on such notice as the commander-in- chief directs. He may order additional parades by regiment, battalion, squad- ron or company, as he deems advisable, not exceeding three days in each year, at such times and places, subject to such regulations and on such notice as he directs; and whenever it shall appear that the necessities of the military or public service so require, he may design.ate one or more officers or enlisted men, or both, for the performance of ^^uch special duty as the necessity of the case may demand. Sec. 4. Section 50SS of tlie Public Statutes is hereby amended so as to read as follows: Sec. 5088. Pay of national guard. Officers of the national guard shall receive the same pay as officers of a like grade in the army of the United States. First sergeant shall receive two dollars and twenty-five cents a day; sergeants and cooks, two dollars a day; corporals one dollar and seventy-five cents a day; and privates, one dollar and fifty cents a day. Mounted officers shall receive forage for their horses in addition to the pay of their rank. The chief surgeon, the aide-de-camp, and the judge advocate, appointed and elected under the provisions of section 5025 of the Public Statutes, as amended by No. 124 Ac's of 1908, shall, when ordered out by tho commander-in-chief, be paid two dollars a day and transportation. Regimental non-commissioned staff shall be paid as first sergeants and regimental non-commissioned officers and battal- lion non-commissioned staff shall be paid as sergeants. Officers shall be fur- nished witli quarters when in camp, and mounted officers shall be furnished with transportation for their horses when the distance to the rendezvous exceeds twenty-five miles. Enlisted men shall be fur..ished with subsistence at a cost not to exceed fifty cents a day per man. Sec. 5. This act shall take effect from its passage with the exception of section 1. Section 1 shall take effect January first, 1911. Approved, December 7, 1910. INDEX UNIVERSITY OFFICIALS PRESIDENTS. Bourns, Edward 104-05, 127, 129, 210 Partridge, Alden 1-10, 73, 87, 89-91, 209, Brown, Allan Dan vers.. .190, 198-200,201-14 ■ 219, 255, 261, 324, 395, 403, 467 • • 217,219-20,228-29,251,294,307,313- Ransom, Truman Bishop 72, 73, 87, 89, • • 16,318,422 91-92,97,99,102,189,209,254 Butler, James Davie 92, 102-04, 128, Spooner, Charles Horace 218, 219, 220. 131 251 223 319 Curtis, Charles Albert 149-50, 172^ 173 Swett, Josiah ' 149 Douglass, Malcolm 147-49, 170, 171 Walker, Thomas Woodruff 145-46, 151 Howard, Roger Strong 146-47, 169 Wheaton, Henry Steward 92, 104-05 Lewis. Charles Hildreth 174-87, 194, 226, 294,312 ACTING PRESIDENTS. Bourns, Edward 146 Butler, James Davie 103 Curtis, Charles Albert 147, 149 Dole, Charles 190, 214 Nichols, George 140,142,189-90, 195, 215, 311-13,317-19 Ransom, Truman Bishop 87 Shattuck, Samuel Walker 142, 145 VICE-PRESIDENTS. Dole, Charles 195, 199, 216, 318 Hathaway, Clarence Lockwood 177, 186 Loveland, Aaron 74,92, 104 Nichols, George 178 Randall, Francis Voltaire.. . . 177, 187, 226, 294 Ransom, Truman Bishop 72 Shattuck, Samuel Walker 143. 145 Webster, Horace 131, 133 Woodworth, Hiram P 73 TRUSTEES. Adams, Edward Dean 219, 225 Allen, Samuel Clesson 72 Alvord, Henry Ehjah 121,317-18 Atkins, Hiram 149, 189 Atwood, Victor 142 Averill, Clinton Spalding 128 Bancroft, WilUam Amos 523 Belknap, Perley 142, 143 Blood, Henry 140, 142 Booth, Isaac PhilUps 178, 185, 318 Bourns, Edward 146 Bradford, Philander Drury..l42, 147,253,294 Brewster, Augustus Olcott 150, 192 Buck, Daniel Azro Ashley 72 Cady, Heber Calvin 219 Carpenter, George Nathaniel 186, 187 Heman 294 Cheney, Charles Herman 227 Clark, Henry 145, 146 Clement, Waldo Park 219 Cobb, Daniel 98 Curtis, Charles Albert 149 Cushman, Isaac Newton 172 Dana, Josiah 72 Davis, Ira 72, 114 John Preston 143, 192 Denison, Dudley Chase 146 Denny, Chauncey 217 Dewey, Charles 147 John Jasper 341 Julius Yemans 131, 140, 142 Dodge, Grenville Mellen 189, 192-93, 196, 217, 219, 223-25, 251, 313, 316, 319 Douglass, Malcolm 147 Egerton, Joseph Keyes 177, 193 Emerson, Charles Wesley 295, 318 Estey , Julius Jacob 126 Evarts. Maxwell 263 ♦Note. For abbreviations, see Vol. 3. Fay, Cyrus Hyde 81 Freelon, Thomas WilUam 440 Grosvenor, Robert • 144 Harris, Jedediah Hyde 72, 98 Haskins, Kittredge 202-04 Hathaway, Clarence Lockwood 177 Hazen. W^illiam Skinner 185, 219. 307, 311 319 Hebard, W'iUiam ' 142 Hill, Howard Fremont 318-19 Hobbs, George Webster 445 Hooker, George White 177,191,312 Howe, Frank Lee 446 Horton, Valentine Baxter 52 Howard, Ohver Otis 196,223,231,514-18 Roger Strong 146 Jenison, Silas Hemenway 72 Johnson, Edwin Ferry 135 John Benjamin 172 Judkins, John Huntoon 346 Keith, Caleb 72 Kent, Henry Oakes... 189, 191. 199, 207, 208, 220 Kingsley, Levi Gleason 339 Lasier, Thomas Jefferson 171 Lewis, Charles Hildreth 174 W^iUiam Enos 101 Loveland, Aaron 104 McCoUester, John Quincy Adams 317 Mayo, WiUiam Barnabas 144, 178, 189, 191, 192, 197, 214, 223, 225 Miller, Jonathan Peckham 72 Nichols, George . . 145, 146, 150, 176, 177, 193 Noble, WilUam 72 Noyes, David P 72 Partridge, Henrv VilUers 23,220,317 Peters, Edward McCIure 423 Pierce, FrankUn 99 578 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. Pitman, John B 142 Plumley, Frank 177, 189, 192, 193, 223, 225, 255, 294, 306, 317-19, 514-18 Porter, Edwin 192-214 Proctor, Fletcher Button 322 Prouty, George Herbert 317, 319, 322 Randall, Francis Voltaire 171 Ransom, Truman Bishop 97 Reed, Charles Henry 186 Shaw, William Alden 223, 226 Sheldon, Nelson Lewis 318-19 Smith, Frederick Elijah 150, 175, 312 Smith , Marshall Davis 210 Stedman, Joseph 130, 317 Stoughton, Charles Bradley 169 Stowe, Joshua 72 Thomas, George Delbert 219 Stephen 145,201 Webster, Horace 115 Weston, Edmund 142 White, Homer 126, 171. 297, 307, 550-54 Whittier, James Anson Laurence 133 Wright, John 72 PROFESSORS. Arnold, George Allen 228, 278, 283-84 Austin, Frank Eugene 225, 231 Averill, Clinton Spalding 105 Baillard, George 106 Bailey, Rufus William 9, 10 Balch, Charles Leland 106-07 Balch, Frank Arthur 228, 229, 206, 297 Barratt, Joseph 9, 10, 12 Bartlett, Franklin Weston 152, 172, 179 Batchelder, James Edwin 151 Belcher, William Caldwell 106, 227 Bellinger, Lyle Frederick 227 Bissell, George Henry 343 Bodde, Theodore 231 Booth, Isaac Phillips 179-80. 188, 226 Bourns. Edward 150, 168 Bowes, J. R 10 Bradford, Philander Drury .151, 161, 179,226 Brill, Charles Comstock ,197, 199, 218, 219, 226, 228, 229, 231, 252, 255, 319, 527-28 Butler, James Davie 92 Buzzell, Wilbur 52 Carleton , Charles Sargent . . . 229, 23 1 , 257- 60 Chamier, Edouard 106, 114, 123 Chandler, Myron Lemuel 226-27 Cheney, Charles Herman 227 Clary, John H. 228 Coburn, Loammi Sewall 105 Colburn, Zera 73 Cole, George F 227 Colton, Walter 10, 12, 36 Cox, Henry Joseph 189, 227 Crosby, Thomas Russell 106 Curtis, Charles Albert 148, 151 Dana, James PVeeman 9, 12 Delescluze, Henri Louis 107, 151 Dix, Leon Edward 231, 258 Dole, Charles 147, 149, 151, 176, 178, 184, 185, 188, 196, 226, 291 Douglass, Malcolm 151 Fen V. I'rancois Peyre 9, 12 Flint , Kemp Russell Blanchard 231 Freelon, Thomas Wilham 104 Gaudelet, Alfred 106 Gallatin, Albert H 107 Gestrin, Charles E. H 152 Glover, Bennett 10-11 Grub^, Frederick William 179 Habel, Louis 179, 190, 226, 294 Hathaway, Clarence Lockwood 179,226 Horton, Valentine Baxter 9, 10, 12 Howard, Roger Strong 146 Howe, Asa 179-80, 220, 227, 228 Howell, Orson V 10 Irish, Robert Liston 227 Jackman, Alonzo 73, 92, 96, 97, 99, 104- 06, 114, 120, 142, 145, 149, 150 Johnson, Edwin Ferry 9, 10, 12 John Benjamin .... 152, 177, 178, 191, 193. 195, 197, 210, 226, 227, 229, 251, 253, 258, 299 Jordon, Clarence L 230, 231 Lillie, Jehiel 73 Line, WilUam 227, 228 McKay, James _ 10 Marsh, Benjamin Franklin 73, 92 George Perkins 9 Metcalf , Ralph 9 Morris, Henry Villiers 73 Mowry, Jesse Benton 227 Noble, B. G 10 Noras, M 73 Palioni, Signor F 10 Partridge, Alden 9 et seq. John Milton 9, 12 Pizarro, Jose A 10, 12 Potter, Daniel Smith CM 104 Preston, Simon Manly 99, 104-05 Proal, Peter 9 Ransom, Truman Bishop 10, 12 Richardson. David 73 Roberts. Herbert Rufus 227, 228, 231, 251 253,299,516-18 Rodriguez, A 10 Royce, Roger Moses 106 Rumbaugh, WilUam Moser. .178. 189, 226, 320 Savage, Charles H 228, 280 Scott, Adrian 152, 230 Shattuck, Samuel Walker. . .107, 114, 150. 161 Shaw, Ethan Allen 229-32, 270 WilUam Alden 228, 230 Shedd, Johnson 73 Spear, Austin Edward 231, 267, 293 Sprague, Nathaniel . 9 Stevens, Edson Murray . . 195-96. 228. 229. 280 Swett, Josiah 92 Tinker, Frank Nelson 231 , 257 Tyler, Benjamin M 10, 12 Wait, John Cassan 189, 226-27 Wheaton, Henry Steward 104 Whitney, Edson Leon 227-28, 251 Harlow Adolphus 231, 270. 281 WilUams.^Ephraini 151 WiUiston, Ebenezer Bancroft 9, 10, 12 Winslow, Arthur Ellsworth 229, 230 257-60, 293 Woodbury. Carl Vose 229-31,267 281,555 Woodward, James Wheelock 10, 12 Woodworth, Hiram P 9, 10, 12, 73 Wright, L 12 COMMANDANTS AND PROFESSORS OF MILITARY SCIENCE. Bayley, Luther Parker 262 Cabannis, Charles H 229 Carleton, Charles Sargent 229 Carter, Jesse Mcllvaine 227 CatUn. Edward Harwood . . .189. 227, 306. 320 Chapman. Leslie A. 1 231.255.267.322 Curtis. Charles Albert 148, 151 Dole, Charles 151 Hovey, Henry Walter 119, 219, 228 229, 231, 261. 265. 318-19, 515-18 Keene, Henrv Clay 228, 280, 321, 526 Kimball, Frederick Clark 227, 228, 320 Mosely, John Pool 229, 321 Rumbaugh, WiUiam Moser 152, 152 Tompkms, Frank 231,270.518 Walt, John Cassan 226 Winslow, Arthur Ellsworth 229 INDEX. 579 INSTRUCTORS. Allen, Joseph Dana 9, 23 Artoni, Guiseppe 92 Hailf'v, W. W 9, 10, 12 Hailx-r, Charles Newell 231 liariKUxl, George 10 Bavlev, Luther Parker 2.32 Bovav, Alvaii Karl 73 Chase, Henry Alljert 230 Denison, Charles Edward 92, 99 Dole, Charles 151 Dunbar, Elisha 9, 10, 12 Flint, Kemp Russell Blanchard 231 Glover, Rennett 10 Gould, Jaroh Parker 105 Hartt, Clinton .Tones 107 Hatch, .I.-sse Pike 10 Hoefler, I'hilo Remington 228 Holbrook,.Tohn 9,10,12,16 Huntley, Edwin Dana 231 Jackman, Alonzo 73 Jennison , Ozro P 10 Johnson, Edwin Ferry 9 John Benjamin 152 • • Luther Burnham 227 Kendall, Paul Raymoixl 92 Event, Charles Nelson 107, 114 Lathrop, .John Hiram 10, 12 Newton, Calvin P 9 Palmer, J. N 10 Parker, Eeon Frank 377 Louis PhilUps 296, 388 Ralph AlVjurton 327 Bottomly. Frank Timothy 123,132,419 Bourdon, Fred Victor 375 Bourleigh, Joseph Bartlett 327 Boutelle, George Verginus . . .349, 369, 441 Bovay, Alvan Earl. . .335, 341-42, 397, 441 Bowen, iMarcellus 440 Bowers, Charles 440 Lloyd Henry 376 Boyce, Earle .\lbert 305-06 Boyd, John Curry 123, 132,419 Boynton, WilUam 375 Bradley. Charles O 440 William Harold 307 Bragg, Thomas .... 52, 329, 335-38, 392 Brandegee, Jacob Sheldon 376 Breaux, Gustave Ar\ilien. . .330, 3.38, 385, 440 Brennan, Alatthew 53 Joseph D 388 Vincent John 291 , 343 , 479 Brewer, Frederick 133, 375 Bridge, Norman Williams 391 Briggs. George Horace 308, 371 • • Harry Knights. . .297, 367, 524-26 Samuel Edgar 129.375 Brigham, Henry Otis 103, 336-404, 440 Brinckerhoff, Edward -55 • • George W 332 Bringhurst, Thomas Fraley 440 Brisbane, W'ilUam Henry. . . .55, 336, 339-42, -389, 392, 440 Brodle, Robert Donald 305 Brooks, Charles Howard 296, 343 Hezeklah Kibble . . .271, 280, 296, 314,321,343 W^llliam Granville 296, 343 William Gray 25. 339-42, 375 Broughton , Thomas 55 Brown, Dar\sin Tichnor 346 Edward Marcus 80, 135, 337- 38,369,392,397,440 Eugene Vose 376 James Weeden 375 Leonard Boardman 393 Thomas W' olcott 440, 497 Walter Egbert 376 1907 1903 1854 1848 1909 1855 1912 1842 1914 1855 1856 1864 1857 1861 1911 1898 1898 1855 a 1852 1911 1888 1866 1906 1841 1839 1899 1867 1848 1855 1906 1867 1902 1856 1846 1904 1873 1837 1855 1913 1863 1847 1913 1856 1903 1891 1864 1906 1864 a a 1910 1871 1859 1872 1912 a 1911 1864 1896 1906 1849 1850 a 1911 1849 1865 1909 Brown, William Peirce 440 Brownell, James Squier 479 Thomas St.anton 129, 386 Brownson, Orestes Augustus 86, 325, 389, 392 Brush, Abner Kneeland 440 Harold Mortimer . . ..301,303,305 Bryant. George Edwin .330, 337-42, 363, 368, 385, 405 Buck, ]\Iyron Justus 291 , 303, 305, 499 Oel .Mfred . .82, 397, 399, 400, 440 Buckingham, John Henry 304 Buell, Bela Stevens 125, 129, 339- 42,375,381,386 George Parsons .130, 363, 368,407 James Whitcomb 386, 441 JohnF 400,441 JuhusO 440 Bullard, Harrie Smith 440 Bullock, Roy .\twood 377 Bump, Loui.s Charles 309. 373, 381 Burbank, WilUam B 441 Burdett, Charles 393 Burge, Royal Ladd 128, 337, 342 Burhoe, Lemuel Newton .271, 293, 303 Burke, Herbert Gerald 376 Burkham, Elzey G 381, 441 Burnett, Clarence Myron 327 Burnham, Alfred Ayers 376 Cyrus Barrett 83, 376, 380-81, 407.440 George Carleton 343 Henry Clav 386 Hosea Ballou 346 Burns, Emory 375 Burr, .\rthur Emory 351 Charles PhilUps 381 Francis Henry .280,290,316,441 Burrows, Hunt Wright 441 Burt, Charles Willard 332 Craig Oscar 280, 383 Henry Augustus 386 Burton , Henry Stanton 404, 441 WilUam Smith 130, 393, 440 Burwell, Harvev Steele 283, 289 Bush, Charles Edmund 381, 383, 441,517-19 Buswell, .Albert 346, 441 Butler, Howard Lester 289 Buttrick, George 386. 440 Byrd, John Henry 316 C Cady, Albermarle 403, 438 Heber Calvin 320. 341-42. 380-81 Samuel A 442 Calderwood, Clarence Ray 281, 298 Call. Norman 346 Cameron, Paul Carrlngton.375. 385-86 Thomas .\nis 386 Campbell, Charles Fred . 286-89, 479 Charles Powhatan 151 Hugh S 442 Stephen Hlggin.son . . 170-71, 381 WilUam Simpson 247, 338. 361.374 Cannon, Samuel Clark 289 Caraway, George E 386 Card , John Henry 299 CargiU, Charles Guy 339-42, 442 Carleton, Charles Sargent. . . .253, 280, 283, 284, 296, 299, 309, 313. 321. 423 WilUam Edward 281, 378 Carmichael, Ashel Jay 386 Carpenter, Charles Carrol 424, 440 Edward WilUam 404 George Ethelberi 283, 289. 290 Irving Sessions 440 Lorenzo Dow 332 Merritt Ehner 298 WlUiam 339-42 582 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. 1882 1901 1879 1897 1895 1910 1854 1847 1843 1909 1896 1892 1864 1889 1868 1901 1869 1861 1845 1885 1843 1854 1865 1904 a 1855 1903 1847 1902 1908 1886 1865 1892' 1858 1910 1866 1909 1892 1909 1889 1909 1901 1867 1896 1842 1909 1850 1844 1909 1857 1861 1902 1903 1908 1846 1846 1872 1881 1877 1894 1897 1837 1907 1846 Carr, BjTon Thorp 375 Dean Orris 314,321 FJugene Merwin 172-73, 331 Winfred Ballard. . . .254, 271, 308, 313, 320, 335, 367, 424, 442 Carrington, Edward 376 Carruthers, Edgar Fletcher 308 Carswell, James Butters . .281, 287, 290 Carter, George H 440 Lvtnan B 387 Cary, Henry Hamilton. .80. 101, 333, 341 Cassidy, Charles Patrick 369 Caswell, Herbert Eugene 296 Chadwick, Homer Royce 252, 270. 346, 422 Chaffin, William Henry 124, 408 Chamberlin, Ben Holmes 393 James Knox Polk 332 Chamberlain, Louis Franklin. . . . 280, 309, 321 Lucius Obed 144 Chandler. Edward Aiken .125, 337, 342 Julius Converse 393, 442 Mvron Lemuel . . 185, 310, 320, 346 William Wallace 373, 383 Channel, Alfred M 503 Chapin, Charles Jones 440 George Halliday 525 Chaplin, William 442 Chase, Arthur 130-31, 393, 488 Elroy Albert 291, 271-72, 293,374, 382 Francis Xa\-ler 97, 348 Henry Albert. . 171, 280, 284. 343 Josiah Irving 355 Cheney, Charles Herman. .227, 276- 278, 304, 382 Wales 385 Child. Oscar Barron. .132, .381, 402 Robert Alexander 304-06, 393 Childs, Jonathan Webster. .369. 339- 42,442 Chun, Woon Lov 307, 442 Clapp, Asa W. H 337,375 Charles J 383 Clark, Charles Stanford 346 Edward Nathan 219, 301-03 ".' Ephraim Wesson. . .295, 299, 312. . •l 524—26 Frank Sheldon.. 292, 298, 442 Fred Howe 310,320,367,372- 73 George Walter 298, 377 Harry Guy 314 Henry Clay 383. 479 Henry Ehjah Wadsworth. .337-42 403, 442 Herbert Sawyer. .296, 308. 321. 372-73, 386 Hiram 344 Howard Theodore 306, 442 Joseph (John) M 128, 440 Thomas 337,442 Walter Lucas 281, 286, 442 Warren 333, 338, 402 WilUam James (see W. J. De Poincy.) Clarke. George Henry 423 WilUam Safford 298. 322 Clarkson. Leonard James. .269, 286- 89 Cleaver, DeWitt CUnton 357 John Oliver 480 Clement, Waldo Park. . .168, 170-71, 252, 343, 380-81, 513, 519 Cleveland, Harry Lewis 375 Clifford, Horace Alonzo 167 Clogston, Leo Bertram 373 WilUam Emerson 343 Cobb, Daniel Bryant BUss 337,381 Guy Walter 271 Nathan Bryant 333, 341-42 1845 1889 1864 1849 1867 a 1907 1853 1812 1840 a 1848 1846 1890 1910 1896 1866 1848 1855 1872 1857 1881 1854 a 1863 1887 1861 1898 1869 1863 1864 1842 1838 1839 1905 1859 1865 a 1913 1892 1912 1907 1853 1843 1889 1859 1842 a 1845 1880 1844 1869 18.52 1861 1837 1877 1896 a 1839 Cobb, Samuel Webster 381 Cobleigh, George Herbert 310, 320 Cocroft. James H 125 Coffey, WilUam 440, 442 Coffin, Herbert Greenleaf 440, 442 CofSng. John H 376 Coggeshall. Chester Hayden 377 Colburn. Albert V 440 Fred Hope 289, 292 Nial Russ 327 Zera 327 Colby. Gilbert Wlnslow. .338, 383, 386 Cole, Daniel Baehr 393 ColUns, Charles Edwin. .252, 312, 320, 349 367 Everett 269, 307, 322,' 442 John Leslie 308, 367 WilUam Francis. . . 341-42, 386, 391.394 Colvocoresses, George Musalas . . .390, 442 George Partridge. .254. 316. 390, '426-38, 442 Comings, David Lawrence Morrill, 339- 42, 442 Comstock, Daniel Kellogg 503 Conant, Samuel Dimock. . 167-69, 171, 331,426 Congdon, Martin Van Buren. . . . 346 Conn. Frank Winslow 349, 367 Granville Priest . 341-42, 344, 391, 442 Conner, Henry 332 Converse, George Albert 121, 255 368,423-24,442,485 Cook, Arthur Cushman 479 Hubbard 442 James Wilbur 271, 309 Cooke. Albert Wheaton 393, 442 CooUdge, Charles Austin. .254,424, 442 Coombs, Arthur W 408,414.442 Coon, Squire Park 442 Cooper, James M 442 Llovd Bowers 387 Cotton, George 381 Couch. Hiram Morrill 346 Coulombe, Joseph Cleophas. . .281, 284 286, 290, 374 Cowdin, Robert Jackson 408,442 Cowles. Henry Ellsworth Sears.. 386 Coyle, Randolph 363, 366, 369 Cox , Lyman Prescott 303 Cralgue, Joseph Spafford 253, 312 367-68, 371 Cram, Archie Rice 305 Craven, Alfred Wingate 347, 367 Thomas Tingey 442 Tunis Augustus Macdonough 408, 440,442 Cray, Eugene Joseph 281, 290, 346 Crocker, Charles Thomas.. 338-42, 361. 365, 381 Crooker, Jabez Cushman. .80, 135, 398 400,440 Cross. Herbert Nelson. . . .310, 312, 331 Samuel Hazard 338-42 Crowninshield, Charles B. . . .404, 442 Francis Boardman . . . .339-41, 382 John C 393, 442 Cull, Loomis Stevens 331, 337 Cunningham, James 80, 86, 442 Currier. Frank Pierce 393 Samuel Hammond 341 , 440 Curtis. Charles Albert 121, 123-24 130-31, 133, 391, 438, 442, 484- 85, 493, 530 Joseph W 88,443 WiUiam Russell 387-88 Cushman, Arthur HaU . . .253, 278, 283. 296,383, Henry Wyles . . . .135, 338-39, 378, 385.391 Isaac Newton 333, •342 INDEX OF ALUMNI AND PAST CADETS. 583 1841 1868 1850 1899 1909 1850 1890 1901 1844 1873 1866 a a a 1911 1911 1867 1895 1882 1895 1907 1839 1900 1859 1855 1873 1842 1908 1861 1850 1905 1845 1912 1867 1850 1881 1856 1859 1845 1870 1898 1866 1852 1905 1888 1891 1861 1843 1910 1909 1855 1865 1855 1863 Cushman, Simeon Sheldon 386 Cutter, Charles 376 WilUam Richard 139, 391, 394 Cutts, Edward Holyoke 386. 443 D Dale, Edward Merrifield 376 Damon, Melvin Hiram 287 Dana, Stillman Emerson . .347-42, 375, 407, 479 Dane, Homer John ..292, 304-05, 310, 320, 343, 422, 443 Danforth, Ellon Teague 408, 440, William CuUen 386 DanieU, Harry Warren 339-42, 382, 394 Daniels, Wilhs Kimball. . . .339-42, 386 Darling, Daniel 346. 440, 443 Jonathan Proctor 24 Joshua Harrison 336, 381 Das, Taraknath 292 Davenport, Harvey Bushnell. . . . 489 Davidson, Harlan Page . . . 125, 393, 401 Davis, Charlie Horace 308 Charles Marsh 381-82 Fred Carnot 313, 361, 367, 371 George L. C 53 George Washington 335, 375 Leroy Howland 298 Mitchell Moses. . .336, 339-42, 344 Norris Mead 296 Samuel Everard 382, 443 Thomas Herbert 443 William .\lanson Dyer 167-68 William Watts Hart 81-82, 86. 135, 169, 331, 333, 336, 338, 390, 392, ,397, 443, 515 Day, Clarence Edward 322, 382 Henry Coffin 443 John Stephen 376 Deal, Harry Raymond. .266, 322, 378, 402 Dean, Charles K 80, 386, 440 Deane, Harold Lucius 287, 289 Dearborn, Henry George Raleigh 376 Walter Webster 376 Dearing, Charles H 443 George Emerson 386 Delafield, Walter 324, 381 Delanev, .\lfred 443 Deming, Miner Rudd 342, 403, 438, 443 Denison, Charles Edward. . . .101, 348, 408, 443 Charles Simeon 327 Frank Winslow 257, 271, 296, 349 Henry Champlin 346 Joseph .\dam 346 Joseph Dudley 318,333,341 William Cleveland 387 Denniston, Charles Young 129 Denny. Joseph Harold 281, 293, 297-98 Harry Simons 276, 299, 304, 309 Ralph Boj-nton 260, 378, 381 DePoincy, William James(see also Clark, W.J.) ...386,391,443,493 Derby, George Horatio. . .81, 368, 390, 443 Desclaux, John .Vdolphus J 376 Dewev, Charle.s Wayne 386 Frank Stejjhen .386 George 200-18, 255, 424, 427- 28, 443 John Jasper 132, 341 John Worthington 402, 443 Thomas Morton 388 WiUiam Strong 131, 381, 411, 443 DeWolf , Henry Goodwin 386 John James 340 Dicks, John Weir 382, 387, 443 1910 Dillingham, George William 298-99 1904 Holton Reed 297, 349 1898 Dinsmoor, Paul Addison. . . .253, 280, 309, 313, 321, 381, 393 a William 338,381 1848 DLxon, Luther Swift 330, 390, 468 1851 Dodge, Grenvillc.Mellen. .119,252,336, 348, 363, 3fi.S, 376, 381, 388, -391, 407, 422, 438, 443, 493, 513-19 1864 WilUam Aseph 440 1899 Doheney, Edwin Richard 278 1891 Dole, Carl Gihnan 270, 278, 305, 320,337,422,443 1869 Charles 341 1899 Frank Dore 346 1877 Harry Christopher 167, 172, 308, 393 1896 Harry Raymond 377, 422, 443 1890 Heman Ellsworth 304, 377 1870 Walter 168-69, 172, 185, 219, 298, 307, 325 1895 Donahue, Frank James 280,296,308,378 1907 John Edwin 378 1895 Donnelly, George E 295- 96,301,382,388, 1889 Dooley, William John 375 1841 • Dorn, Andrew Jackson 89, 337, 397 • • 399 443 • a • Dorr, Alfred '376 ■ a • Ralph Smith 375 1850- • Ralph Smith 376 1873 WilUam Ripley 380-81 1878 • Douglass, Francis 381 1878 • Benjamin Hale 346 1877 ■ ■ ■ David Bates 377 1878 • • • Henry Bowman 367-68 1838 • Dow, Simon Chase 338, 342, 386 1845 Roswell 342, 391 1895 Dowe, Ray Storrs. . . .253, 291, 308, 337 a Dowing, Richard .1 385 ■ a Downs, Albert E 408,443 • a • Drake, Charles Daniel 329, 336-42, 391 443 1890 Dressel, Herman, Jr 304-05, 310, 312,317,327 1848 Drew, Frederick Perkins 346, 443 1900 Driscoll, WilUam 349, 369 1903 Drown, Frank Steele 342, 479 a Duane, Edward M 21 a WilUam 389 1878 DuBois, Fred Earl 381 a DuBose, Theodore Samuel 386 1898 Duggan, Charles Edward .296, 313, 321 a Dunbar, .\lbert WilUs ! . 385 a Elisha 31,54,394 1914 Dunham, Frank Clyde 303 1904 George Eldridge 280, 297 1897 Henry Vail 296, 309, 313, 343 1909 Dunlop, Robert Horace 298, 443 1911 Dunning, Vincent Howard 303 1900 Dunsmoor, Ralph Wales 271, 296 a Durkee, Charles 337 1841 Dustin, Daniel H 135, 333 1838 Dyer, Jay 369, 386, 443 1839 WilUam N 386 E 1911 Earle, Fred Martin . . .292, 299, 307, 443 1910 Tvler Wesley 283 1852 WilUam D 128 1903 Eastman, Gilbert Clarence . . .284, 293, 309 1911 Glenn Matthews 292, 299 1907 OUver Newell 346 1873 Paris Augustus 377 1899 Eaton, Charles Horace 321. 349, 439 1891 Francis Arthur 306 1908 Ralph .\ndrews 298 1841 Robert Bradford 338, 343, 382 1866 William Blaiichard, Jr 387-88 1861 Eavre, Thomas Wilkins. .408, 443, 485 1867 Eddy, Horace Wilson 375 1906 Edgerton, Hal.sey Charles 381 1906 Malcolm James 381 584 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. 1876 1908 1841 1887 1852 1898 1901 1868 1888 1897 1873 1882 1842 1910 1852 1896 1854 1846 1836 1864 1892 1898 1907 1861 1891 1903 a 1845 1856 1856 1903 1837 1857 1878 1874- 1911 1900 1860 1887 1850 1914 1867 a 1852 a 1857 1839 1841 1887 a 1848 1841 1877 1910 Edings. Benjamin 386 Joseph 386 WilUam 341-42,286 • Edson, George Edward 255 Edwards, Alfred Pierpont 337 Irving Bryant 303, 402, 497 Pierpont G 89 William Johnson 386 Egerton, Frederick Tyler 185, 393 Elliot, George Henry 368, 391, 443 EUott, Stephen D 443 Ellis, George Harold 296, 306, 313, 391,393,519 Irving Clendenen 152, 297, 309 321,386 Nathaniel Webster 144, 349 363, 367 Pearl Lewis 346 Wilham Arba. . .218-19, 223, 251, 309,321 Ely, Frederick Leverett 381 Emerson, Charles Leroy 346 Curtis Abel 382-83 George Washington Franklin. .80, 400 Joseph 376 Paul Summer 307, 327 Rufus 24 Thomas Lock 443 Emery, Charles Livermore 443 Harvey Webster 129, 330, 341- 42, 408, 443 Willard Dudley 343 Ensign, William H 129, 443 Ensworth, Chniles Egbert 123 Estabrook, Alonzo Flagg 361 Estey, JuUus Jacob 126, 336, 339- 42,381,479,505 Evans, Charles John Clement .... 365 George Douglass 299, 375, 422, 443 Evarts, Joseph Allen 479 Ewart, James K 443 F Farnham, Burton Wiley 320, 426 Farquharson, Robert Burns 443 Farrand, Ebenezer 444 Farrar, Bernard Gains,. .. .336, 385, 407, 444 Frederick Howard 130, 370, 408, 444 WilUam Edward 375, 444 Farrington, William Reynolds. . . 297 Fay, Cyrus Hyde 81, 85, 128, 317, 325,390,392 Fenton, Frank Blackmer 444 Ferris, William Henry 375 - Field, Charles Edward 343 Dorr Edward 307, 499 Everett Howard 346 George W 131, 444, 493 Wesley Ozias 376 Fifield, Samuel Newell 120, 133, 171,386,428,444 Finney, Darwin Asahel 339 Fisher, Harry Clark 304 Fiske, Theophilus 52, 86, 325, 389, 392 393 William 375, 419,' 444 Fitz, GUver Duke 339-42 Fletcher, Albert Augustus 339-42 Asaph Green 53, 338 Frederick Lafayette 376 Friend Perry 135, 386 Luther Jacobs 325, 339-42, 390, 392 Paris Moore 184, 253, 276 Rvland 335-42 Fling, Lewis WeUs 332 Fhnt, Ephraim 330, 335, 339-42, 391 Frank Gardiner 381 Harry Albert 440 1903 Flint, Kemp Russell Blanchard 380, 292,297, 316, 327 a • • Martin Monroe 342, 387 1901 WilUam Horace 346,444 1848 Floyd, Henry 402 1865 Folsom, George Albert 125, 444 1839 Gilman 330, 337, 339-42 a Forbes, Edward 376 1852 Ford, Charles Jackson 346,444 1893 Robert Henry 220, 253, 255 278,295,299,306,312,349,534 a Fortier, Augustin Theophile 53 1850 Foss, Obed 128, 381 1859 Foster, Edwy Wells 346, 388 1911 George Goodwin 303 1903 John Harold 271, 280, 297, 309,316,321,337 1910 Sidney Herbert 444 1858 Fowler, John Greenlead 375, 444 1844 Fox, Charles 444 a William Crary 346 1838 Frary , Solon FrankUn 339-42 1908 Eraser, WilUs Percy 268, 298, 322 a Frazer, John Fries 326, 391 1837 Robert 357 a Freelon, Thomas William 444 1856 Freeman, Frederick Norton . . .130, 488 a Peter Wilder 378 1852 French, Charles Abram 375 1855 George Blood. . . .341-42, 386, 444 1907 Frink, Charles Dexter 356 1907 Noah CorneUus 386 1842 Frizell, Joseph Washington 443 1903 Frost, Harold Sherman 284, 307 1910 Walter Bradshaw 354 1864 Fuller, Lloyd Byron 172, 349, 367, 444 1903 Samuel Leslie 297,316,321 1902 Willard Lynn 383 1856 FuUerton, WilUam Hubbard 376 1864 Galbraith, Fred William 337, 444 1904 Gallup, Charles FrankUn 355 a Gardiner, Robert Hallo well 376 1839 Gardiner, Symmes 444 1896 Gates, Gardner 422, 444 1866 Gay, Frederick 376 a Gaylord, John 444 1893 Gaynor, Eben Watson 293, 295, 299,305,312,320,346 1858 George, Benjamin FrankUn. . .349, 339 -42 a Samuel Knox 376 1864 Gerrish, WilUam 444 a Gervais, John Lewis 386 1894 Gibson, Ernest Willard 253, 279, 283, 295, 296, 308, 331, 333, 339- 42,479 1867 James, Jr 393 1888 Gifford, George Walter 276, 376 a GignilUat, Norman Page 382, 385 1870 Gilbert, Alfred Briggs 168-69 1837 Horatio Gates 204, 369, 381 a Jasper Willett 330-33 1867 Nathan Allan 343 a Samuel Shepard 376 a WilUam Bradford 347, 369 1892 Gilder, Matthew Irving 295 1856 Gile, Independence 386 1910 Giles, Everett Trowbridge 327 a Gill, John Watklnson 386 1894 Gillette, Herman Arthur 377 1850 Gillum, Henry Hobart .... 128, 444, 503 1857 Gilman, Benjamin Mooers 375, 444 1906 Dana Howes 298, 322, 479 1889 Elbridge Wheeler .... 252, 304, 320 1904 Ralph Leon 271 1909 Gilmour, John Thomas 327 1837 Gilson, George Washington 342 1840 James Martin 337, 444 1903 Giro. EmiUo Guerra y 373 INDEX OF ALUMNI AND PAST CADETS. 585 1836 Gleason, Amasa 332 1892 Benjamin Whitney 278, 295, 320, 346 1849 Newell 39, 348, 407, 444 1898 Thomas Bernard 296 1865 Glidden, John Mills 419 a Glynn, James 444 1865 Goddard, Henrv Samuel 386 1893 Gokev, Frank Albert . 295, 305, 320, 377 a Goodall, David 338 1891 Goodhue, Fred Miner 253, 369, 519 a Wells 381 1911 Goodrich. Julian Osgood 307 1857 Levi Whitney 331 444 a William 133, 136 1898 Goodspea ( 1 , Nelson Allen 27 1 , 444 1864 Goodwin. William Stone 125, 444 1911 Gordon, Harold Norris . . .283, 292, 293 1855 Gorman, Thomas Lovett 324 1879 Gorton. Elliot 346 1868 Goss. Franklin Allen 381 1888 Harry Hale 265, 299, 304. 309, 377 1849 Gould, Jacob Parker 128, 350, 408, 444 1865 Goulding, Joseph Hiram 317, 341- 42,380-81,444 a Gourdin, Louis Isaac 44 a WiUiam Doughty 55 1849 Gove, Jesse Augustus .... 103. 123, 217, 404,408,444 1867 Gowdy, Francis Marion . . . 144, 169, 338 a Graham, Charles 52 a John 402, 404, 444 1857 Granger, Brownell 129, 339-42, 350, 367, 368, 444 1868 Charles H 419 1864 Edward Myron 408, 444 1903 EUot 284 1849 Lyman Couch 408, 444 1907 Graves. Fay Henry Cameron . .255, 298 1848 Grav, Chauncev 342 1850 Orlando Wvlhs 391 1897 Ransom Augustus 327 1853 Greeley. George Preston 346, 445 a Green, Coggs well Kidder. . . .329, 336- 42,403,445,504 1865 Greene, Samuel Harrison .325,327,392 a Greenwood, Edwin Langdon . ..346. 445 1852 WilUam Henry. . . .129, 348, 363- 64,368,407, 445 1874 • Gregg, Charles Alexander 375 1873- Frederick Wallace 331 1864 ■ Gregorv. Charles Daniel 132, 376 1872 Griffith, Charles Greenleaf . . . 167. 170- 71,349 1854 Griswold. Charles Edward 408, 445 a William Fay 381 1868 Grosvenor. Robert 144, 382, 479 1867 Grow. Julius Timothy 382 1856 Guild. Edwin 386 a Guernsey, Lj-man 327 H a Habersham. Richard West 391 1874 Haranson 172, 343 Sterling. Theodore Buel. .341-42, .382 Stern, Albert 376 Stevens, Justin Edward.s. .89, 404, 415 Steven.son. Holland Newton. .368, 451 Stewart. Harrv Denison 185. 382 Rowland Wardwell 185-86 Stiles, Eh Gowdy 386 Stimson, Jason 376 Stimpson, Francis Eaton. . . .408, 451 Stockbridge, Joseph 392, 451 Tristram Oilman 346 592 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. 1903 Stocker, Marshall Morrill .. 257, 297, 321,341,402 1865 Stoddard, Edward Lothrop. .324, 392 1865 Samuel Fellows 451 1850 Stone, Charles J. F 128 1838 John 386, 451 1843 William Ripley 327 1894 Storrs, George Eber. . . .253, 278, 292, 293, 295, 290, 308, 313, 321 a Lemuel Gustavus 382 1898 Story, Sanford Benedict 378 1861 Stoughton, Charles Bradley .. 122-23, 169, 451 1898 Stow, Frederick Stevens 271 1852 Stowell, Edwin Sherwood . . 385-86, 451 1868 Eugene Alexander 387 1837 Streeter, Joseph Herman 339, 346 1837 Sebastian Russell 451 1851 Strobel, Lewis M 385, 451 1910 Strobell, Carl Percival 303 1902 Strong, Frank 280, 284, 349 1853 George Crocket 451 1841 John Wales 376 1855 William Henry Chase. 129 -30, 451 a Strudwick, William Francis 346 a Sturtevant, Edwin 388 a Sullivan, William Amory 53 1864 Sumner, James Breckenridge. .. . 346 1897 Sutherland, Donald William 290 a Swan, Ben.jamin 382 a Swanton, John B 21 1851 Sweatt, Charles 381 1891 Sweeney, Henry Charles .252,295,305, 393 1865 Sweetser, James Vermilyea. .341, 376, 381 1894 Sweet, Herbert Livingston 299 1867 Channing 332 1906 Swett James Baldwin 298, 369 1872 James Wheeler 170-71 1837 Josiah, .Jr. .87, 89, 326, 390, 392 a Syme, John WilUam 341, 392-93 1893 Taber, Arthur Curtis 299 1913 Taft, Leroy Chester 289 1898 Talbot, George Everett 309 1862 Tanco, Nicholas 122 349 1864 Tanner, Robert 451 1912 Taplin, Arthur Ernest 307 • a Tappan, John Weare 375, 381 1870 Tarbell, Charles Oilman 169 330 1839 Jonath.nn84, 336, 337, 369. 392, 451 1854 ■ Tarr, Daniel Barber 378, 441 a Tattnall, Josiah 210. 368, 402, 451 1858 Taylor, Archibald Stewart 441 1873 Dorsey 376 a George William 382, 408. 451 a Temple, Robert Emmet. .54, 404, 451 1910 Tenney. Ashton IMelville 298 1906 Clarence Arthur .171-72, 298, 322, 373, 426 1845 Otis Seth. .82, 330, 398, 400, 451 1895 Terrill, Arthur Leon 378 1889- • • Willis Ethel. .252, 276-78, 281 • • • 304,310,320,34,3 1876 Thayer, Arnold 370 1911 Guy Edmund 298-99 1877 Harrv Bates 362-63 1883 Herbert Edgar ]85 1912 Therrio, Edward Paul 303, 305 1909 Thomas. Chester Clarence ... ' 480 1851- • • Evan W 408.438,451 1895 • • • Fred Barnes. . . . 195, 296, 308, 331 1902 • • • George Edward ' 378 1876- • • George (Henry) Delbert 167,171, 273-74,343.391-93,520-25,548 1854 • • • Hartop Percell 375 1904 • Nathan Lee ' 378 1895 Samuel Adrian 299,308 378 1907 Thorpe Ridley 298! 382 1842 1905 a 1861 1852 1903 1879 1866 1864 1857 1866 1837 1864 1848 1912 1913 1906 1889 a 1857 1841 1865 1906 18.52, 1914 a 1891 1857 1907 1853 1904 1840 1847 a 1874 1847 1859 1854 1852 1899 1855 1845 1845 1856 a 1883 1857 1848 a 1911 1913 1874 1903 1848 1858 Thompson, Charles Stockbridge. 386 Daniel (Josiah Pierce) 385 Daniel Putnam 290 Ebenezer 386 John Belamy 121, 123, 351 Noble Adolph 376 William Clarence 281 , 297 WiUiam Van Buren 388 WilUam Wakeman . 419 Thorndike, Charles Francis 132 Samuel C 45 Tibbetts, Charles Frederick. . .338,452 Tilden, Joseph G 452 Tillinghast, Charles Foster, Jr 122, 343,413,452 Tilton, Charles Elliott. . 103, 380-81, 388 Francis Mallalieu 303 Osmon Amony 304 Tinker, Frank Nelson 284, 286 Jonathan Eugene 376 Tipton, Speare Spencer. . .404, 408, 452 Ticomb, Albert P 452 Titus, William Henry Harrison . . 376 Tolles, Clarence Weston 344 Torrey, Erastus Chase 346 Totten, George Muirson..26, 40, 55, 347,361 Tower, William Amos 378 Towne, John Parker 128-29, 381 Towslev, Philip Whitney 304 Tracv, Charles 329 (George Armar 278, 386 JoelH 52,57 Trapier, Paul H 452 Trask, Thomas S 452 Treadwell, William Augustus. .255, 393, 452 Trepagnier, Francis B 26 Trombly, Lucian Joseph 378 Trowbridge, Thomas Rutherford .375, 380-81,392 Truax, Sewall 349. 369, 394, 452 Tuck, William Oliver. . .274, 290, 297 Tucker, Franklin 376 George .335,341-43,452 Stephens... 403-04, 408, 439, 452 William Herbert 374 WiUiam Howard 390, 452 Tukcy. F H. T 452 judson Haycock, (seeJudson TuUar, Charles 375, 403, 452 Tupper, Calvin Keyes 327 John Lewis. . .296. 408, 422, 452 Turner Thomas 151 Turpin. Walter GwjTin 452 Tutherlv, WiUiam Everett 339-42 Tuttle, Albert Chapman 343 Tyler, Benjamin M 54, 326, 389 George Erastus 324 George Otis 383, 394, 452 John L. W 103, 404, 452 Tyng, James Higginson 55 U Uhlhorn, Casper Frederick 376 Uman , George Louis 303 UnderhiU, Raymond Howard. . . 289 Upham, Edward Denslow. ... 171, 393 Francis Bowen 274, 452 Utley, Herman Gilson 381 V Van Ness, James 338 Van RenseUaer, Henry. .336, 386,408, 452 Vance, John H 52 Varnum, Nathaniel Saltonstall. . 45^ Varnum, Phineas Fox 382 Veazie, John Alfred ooJ Index of alumni and past cadets. 593 1855 Vermilye, Washington Romeyn, Jr. 381.452,503 1864 Vernam, William Spencer. . .125, 337, 381,452 1848 Vogel. Jacob Augustus 388 W 1844 Wadhams, Albert J. or 1 86, 452 1838 WadleiRh, Milton 369 1849 Waite, Frederick Tr.-icy 386, 468 1884 Wakefield, Elmer Ellsworth 375 1911 Walbridge, Robert Edwin 271-72 1859 Walcott, Charles Tyler.. 130, 339-42, 349 1864 Ellis Pitcher 383, 452 1864 Franklin Hamilton 452 a Wales Thomas Beale 375 1897 Walker, Charle.s Ernest .253, 296, 309, 313, 318, 321, 343, 423, 452 a Wallace, James S 31, 54-55, 136 a William M 452 1868 Wallingford, Charles Rufus 144 1867 Walton, Wesley Kimball. . 144, 169, 331,333,339-42,386 1848 Ward, Frederick Townsend. . .387-88, 408. 452 a James Harman. .389, 391, 402. 408, 429, 452 a Roswell Butler 376 1901 Wardner, James Macomber. . .423, 452 1866 Ware, John Murray 132 a Waring Morton 386 1848 Warner, Stanley Morris. .393, 404, 409, 452 (see Morris Stanley Nevins) 1895 Warren, Dean Clyde.. 280, 308, 373 1841 Stephen Northup.. .341-42, 381, 386 1855 Washburn, Daniel W 452 1862 Justus Warner French 452 1904 WilUam Elbridge Charles. .281, 284, 316, 321, 381 a Washington, Thomas Blackburn . 386 1894 Wason, Harlan Badger. . .295, 308, 373 1856 Martin Van Buren 385 1855 Waterman, Arba Nelson. . 331. 392, 407, 4.53 a Watkinson, John Hubbard. ... 380-81 1902 Watson, Guv Henry 316,319 1907 Robert Pettigrew 280-81, 290 1901 Waugh, George Frank 423,452 1888 Way, Henrv Truman 276, 309 1861 Webb, Charles Augustus 438,4,53 1892 DeWitt Clinton. .278. 320, 368, 453 1849 George White 386 a Henry 403, 453 a Thomas Ladson 386 a Webber, Sumner Allen 341-42 1899 Webster, Frederick Aldrich. . .296, 321 a George Sage 385 1843 Nathan Bumham 390. 397, 401 1914 Weed, Cleveland 289 a Welles, Gideon. .31, 52. 355-42, 389, 392 a Leonard Robbins 342. 382 1859 Samuel 368.453 1869 Wellman, Ernest E 144 1866- • ■ Samuel Thomas.. 365, 367, 373, " • • 382 453 1865- Wentworth, Charles Eben 382! 393 1868- • • William Henry. .144, 349, 363-64, 367, 453 • a • Wes.sells, Henrv Walton. .403.438, 4.53 1899 • West, Bertram Lathrope 375 1848 • Weston, Edmund 346, 453 1901 Wheatley, Charles Edward. .284, 297. ■ • • 314, 319. 321, 453 1878 • Wheeler, Charles William • 167 1859 • Holland. . .349. 361.363.366, 369, • • 373 453 1903 • • • MerrillTJole 386,' 453 1840 Simeon 89, 341-42, 386, 397 1898 Wheelock, Clarence Dean .376. 422, 453 1908 1908 1867 1912 1847 1837 1839 1842 1842 1867 1908 18.52 1849 1841 1912 1894 a 1808 1804 1864 1910 1866 a 1908 1856 1903 1870 1849 1900' 1903 a 1873 1840 1903 1856 1865 1881 1848 1841 1898 1881 1907 1865 18.56 1848 1868 1839 a 1865 1891 18,59 1878 1852 1838 18,57 1847 1839 1838 a a 1890 1862 Wheelock. f .eroy George 386 Lyman Newton 322 Wheelwright. Charles Storey. .366-67. 373 381 4.53 Whipple. Charles Luther '. .292-93 Solomon Mason 376 Thomas Jefferson . .85, 330, 339- 42,453 WilUam Monroe 336, 3.39-42, 376, .381 Whltcomb, Henry H 346 White, Albert Gallatin 332 Arthur Watson 413,453 Ernest Charles 497 George Roland 383, 453 Henry Barnet 337 Thomas Williams. .82, 368, 373, 453 Whitehouse, William Walter. ..303. 305 Whiteside, George Duff . .253, 301, 305. 346 Whitfield. James Bryan. .339-40, 385, 388, 479 Whiting, Frank Mortimer,144, 381, 383 Whitmore, Adin HamUn 386, 453 Whitney, Frank 380-81 Joseph Ho ward .. 292 , 301, 303 , 378 Whittier, James Anson Laurence . . 13.3, 171,332,453,505 Wiggin, Benjamin 332 Wikoff, Ralph A .53 Wilder, Mvles Standish 290, 453 Wilkins, A. Whipple 376 Robert Lee 284 Willard, George Morrison 169, 453 Oscar Amos 376 Willev, Frederick Fullerton 297 Williams, Allan Rawson. . .255, 299, 309,321,453 Benjamin 26 Charles Kilburn 332 Seth 453 Seth 271,319,4.53 Willis, James Franklin 386 WilUston, David Howe 324 Ebenezer Bancroft. .52, 326, 389, 396 Edward Bancroft 424, 453 Wilmarth, Albert Waterman. . . 386 William Howard.. 172, 186, 382, 388 Wilson, Alfred C 453 Winchester, William 52 Wingate, George Raleigh Dear- bom 53 Winn, John 135 Winslow, Arthur Ellsworth. . .296,313 Winton. David Terry 393 Wood. Charles Albert 286 Charles Henry 381-82 Henry Clay 424, 453 Wood, Orvis Danforth 376 • - Thomas Chalmers 332 • • Youngs Vail 330, 333 Woodbridge, Edward 21, 54, 453 Woodman, Edward 4.53 Woodruff, Harrison Gordon ... .2.53, 278, 380-81, 530 Woods, Joseph Waldo 375 Woodward, Julius Hayden . . . .167, 346 Solomon Erskine 382, 4.53 Woodworth, Hiram P 31, 347, 369 Woollev, James Smith 377 Worthen. H.arrv Niles 440, 453, 505 Wright, Charles Rolla 332 Chauncv 381, .386 Collins." .332 David Minton 346 EbnezerE 332 Edgar Eugene 304, 378 Franklin 348 George 453 Henry John 375, 453 594 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. 1842 1852 1849 1866 1847 1867 Wright, Horatio Gates 392, 453 a Joseph Cornwall 133, 407, 408 1895 Leonard Jarvis 348, 363, 366, 1892 453 1903 Thomas Foster 439, 453 1850 Thomas Kidder Green 375, 453 1838 William Ely 376 a Wyman, George Herbert 332, 453 Silas Waitt 383, 453 Yates, Francis 339-42, 385-86 Yeaton, Samuel Charles ,332 Young, Emerson LaFayette . . .295, 305 Harry Oak. -s 284,297 Josi rih Eslahrook 348 Nathan Smith 342, .381 Yturbide, Augustin de Jerome. . .438, 453 HONORARY GRADUATES. Bell, Charles James 220,316 Bellinger, Lyle Frederick 277-78 Benton, Josiah Henry 524-26 Bradley, Charles H . . . .' 526 Clarke, Charles Edgar 202-04 Clark, Orville 86 CoUiy. Stoddard Benham 145, 169 Co.\-, Henry Joseph 276-77 Dillingham, William Paul. . . .207, 312, 317, 320 Eames, James Henry 130 Eastman, Charles Gamage 102 Edison, Thomas Alva 177 Fuller, Leyi Knight 313-14,317 Greene, Frank Lester 207 Grout, Josiah 313,318,321,419 • 1 William Wallace 207, 311 .Tones, William Nelson 219,298,514-18 Johnson, Richard Mentor 89 McCullough, John Griffith 207, 313, 316, 318-19,321 Manser, George Barney 131 Miller, Jonathan Teckham 439 Ormshee, Ebenezer .Tolls 311,320 Page, Carroll Siiudley 194, 207, 312 Pe.k,Th.-d,,reSatford. . . .314,317-18,320-21 I-'ingrce, Samuel Eyerett 314 Powers, Horace Henry 313 Proctor, Fletcher Button 316,322 Redfield 207,312 Ripley, Edward Hastings 322 Roberts, Daniel Crane 319 Shelton, Frederick W 132 Smith, Edward Curtis 207, 314, 318, 321 Stanton, Zed Silloway 292,296,316,319 Stickney, William Wallace 314, 319 Veazie, Wheelock Grayes 171 Webber, Frederick William 186 Williamson , Isaac David 102 Wright, Benjamin 85 PERSONS OTHER THAN CADETS. Adams, President John Quincy 45-46 J.B 295 John G 73 Ainsworth, Mrs. I^aura Lucretia 217, 226 Allen, Edwin Lyon 276 J. T : 419 Alsop. John 62-6.3 Anderson, Amos W. C 297, 307 Atwell, Edward R 172 Atwood, I3en,iamin 103 Averill, Oliver 142-4.3 Ayres William 398 B Bacon, John L 202 Bailey, Israel 62 Baine, Mrs. M. E . . . 225 Barber, William 519 Barbour, Secretary of War 45 Barnum, M 4.5 Barrett, James 169 Bates, Joshua 30 Bayer, Joseph 143 Beard, Daniel Carter 519 Beecher, Henry Ward 329 Benedict, General 39 w.A ::: 251 Belknap, George E 207 Benjamin , Park '. 132 Bisbee, Ij. N 410-20 Bixby.H.o :.:::::::. 265 Blake, Rev. J. Ij 23 Blakeman, A. Noel 515-18 Tilanpied, Professor S. J 295 Bogue. Virgil G ]', 516-18 Bond, Captain J 63 Bolivar, Simon 438-39 Botsford, S.N '.'.'.'.'.'... 400 Brainerd, Ezra 199-200 Brigham, G. Nelson 169 Brock, John [[ 393 Browere, Mr . . . . 43 Brown, Major-General 45 Mrs. Allan D .' 255 Benjamin [[ 62 Brownscombe, Fred J " .298-99 Brunmb.v, I^ieutenant . 205 Bryant, E. B 278 Buckham, Matthew Henry '. i99-200 Bungay, George W 131 Burnham, J. T 102 Burr, Sanford Smith 410-15 Burton, Benjamin 128 Burton, Cornelia M 101 C Cadarso, Don Luis 436 Calhoun, John C 46 Cameron. Colin James 303 Campbell, Captain 24 Joe 281 Canning, C. C 419 Carle ton, Hiram 296 Carnegie, Andrew 223-252 Carroll, Hon . Charles 45 Carter, H.S 419 Chase, Albert Cornelius 304-05 Captain G 24 C 131 Miss Harriet L 296 Childs, Captain 44 Church, William Conant 515-19 Clark. Rev., Dr 131 E. and H 16 Rev. Laban 66 Nellie Guertin 323 Clarkson, James S 515-18 Clayton, Powell 401 Clift, Edwin Buxton 278 Clinton, Hon. De Witt 39 Cobb, Captain 45-46 Cody, John 270 Cook, Mr 284 Coppinger. General 424 Corbin, Henry Clarke 515-18 Corey, S 419 Coxe,A.C 129 Cramton , Helen 252 Crane, Rev. Mr 63 Cross Brothers Co 218-19 Cushman, Henry Theodore 317 Sarah Thompson Judd 196, 251 William Franklin 196 D Dana, S. W -63 Darling, Mr • 123 Charles K 525 Judge 24 INDEX OF PERSONS, OTHER THAN CADETS. 595 Davis, F. J 196 Day, Charles Orrin 307-08 DeBoer, Joseph Arend 295 Depew, Chauncey Mitchell 205, 207-12 Diller, Adam 133, 136, 398 Disbrow, W. F 400 Dole, Mattie 172 Donaldson, Sylvester 307 Drum, Richard Coulter 189 Dudley, J. G 88 Dutton, F. B 133 E Earl, Major 88 Eaton, Johns 411 Eddy, A. C 411 Eelier, Vt 137 New Haven, Conn 397 New Orleans, La 366, 372 Newport, Vt 416-21 New York city 366 Northfield, Vt 140-41 Norwich, Vt 68,137 Oxford, N. C 396 Pembroke, N H 401 Portsmouth, Va 397, 401 Providence, R. I 411-15 Raleigh, N. C 399-100 Reading, Pa 400 Ripon, Wis 335 St. Louis, Mo 399 San Francisco, Cal 342, 378 San Jose, Cal 342, 372 Sing Sing, N. Y 401 Wilmington, Del 400 Woodstock, Vt 411 Worcester, Mass 372-73, 401 Cities, Towns and Places Visited. Albany, N. Y 35 Andover, N. H 22 Andover, Vt 25 Ascutney Mountain, Vt 25 Baltimore, Md 45-46 Barre, Vt 267 Basin Harbor, Vt 29 Bath, N. H 32 Bellows Falls, Vt 306 Berlin, Conn 43 Berlin, Vt 266 Bethel, Vt 30-31 , 269, 270 Bethlehem, N. H 33 Black River, Vt 25 Boscawen, N. H 22 Boston, Mass 100 Brattlelx.ro, Vt 268 Breton 's Woods, N. H 33 Bridgewater, Vt 79, 97 Brookfield, Vt 265, 267 Buffalo, N. Y 48 BurUngton,. . Vt. .27-31, 79-80, 98, 120 Canaan, N. H 99 Castleton, Vt 27, 79, 97 Chelsea, Vt 98, 264-65 Chester, Vt 25 Claremont, N. H 120 Concord, N. H 22-23, 99 Crawford Notch, N. H 34 Croydon, N. H 24 Dorset Mountain, Vt 26 Duxbury, Vt 266 Enosburg Falls, Vt 301 FrankUn, Vt 301 Jonesville, Vt 266 Enfield, N. H 22, 99 Equinox Mountain, Vt 25 Fair Haven, Vt 28, 79 Fairlee, Vt 31, 121 Farmington, Conn 43 Fort McHenry 45 Georgetown, D. C 46 Goshen, N. H 24 Granville, East, Vt 268 Haddam, Conn 36 Hancock, Vt 30 Hanover, N. H 22,31,99 Hartford, Vt 27, 267, 270 Hartford, Conn 35-36, 42-43 Hartland, Vt 35 Hillsboro, N. H 24 Haverhill, N. H 32 Hopkinton, N. H 24 Killington Peak, Vt 26 I^banon, N. H 24, 99 Litchfield, Conn 43 Littletown, N. H 33 Lowell, Mass 99 Manchester, N. H 99 Manchester, Vt 25-27 Men imack, N. H 22 Middlesex, Vt 98, 266 Middletown, Conn 34 Montpelier, Vt 98, 120, 265-07, 301 Mt. Ascutney, Vt 25, 79, 121 Mt. Vernon, Va 46 Mt. Washington, N. H 33 Nashua, N. H 99 Newbury, Vt 32 New Haven, Conn 36-38 Newport, N. H 24 N ew York cit v 35 Niagara Falls, N Y 46-48 Northfield, Mass 307 Orford, N. H 31 Peru Mountain, Vt 25 Philadelphia, Pa 44-45 Plainfield, N. H 24 Plattsburg, N. Y 28 Poughkeepsie, N. Y 43 Quechee, Vt 27, 97 Randolph, Vt 269-70, 301 Richford, Vt 301 Richmond, Vt 98 Rochester, Vt 30 Rochester, N. Y 307 Rossburg, Md 45 Roxbury, Vt 265, 267 Royalton, Vt 31, 269, 270 Rutland, Vt 26-27, 97 St. Albans, Vt 1 20 St. Johnsbury, Vt 120 Sharon, Vt 31,261 Sharon, Conn 43 Shrewsbury, Vt 27 Snowsville, Vt 268 Springfield, Mass 42 Thetford, Vt 120 Ticonderoga, N. Y 28, 79, 120 Trenton, N. .T 44 Vergennes, Vt 29-30 Vernon, South, Vt 268 Waitsfield, Vt 266 Warren, Vt 266 Washington, N. H 24 Washington, D. C 44-46 Waterburv, Vt 301 Weathersfield, Vt 25 West Point, N. Y 43-46 White House, Wash.,D. C 45 Whitehall, N. Y 28, 79, 98 White Mountains, N. H 31-35 White River Junction.Vt 25, 70, 80, 267-70 WilUamstown, Vt 265, 267, 301 Wilmot, N. H 22 Windsor, Vt 25-26, 58, 121 Winhall, Vt 25 GENERAL INDEX. 599 Wlnooskl, Vt 120 Woodstock, Vt 21, 27, 79, 97, 120- 21 Worcester, Vt 30") Citizen-Soldiery 2-4, 116, 324, 39 > Civil Engineering Record 346-75 CivU War. Mentioned 126, 137-39, 398, 405, 493 Newport 416-21,478 'N. U." Service in 197-98, 40.5-78 Roll of Honor, Alphabetical 440-53 Roll of Honor, By Rank, 462-67 Service by States 454-61 Summary 474-78 Class Dav Exercises 186, 308-09 Class Steps 195, 308-09 Clerks, Houses of Representatives 341 Clerks of Senates 339 Clergymen 324-26 Clubs. Minor 125 Chess 124 Cricket 123 Cllpffe Cavaliers 138, 410-15 Colonels and lieutenant-colonels 462-63 Colored Calvary 470, 477 Color.'d Infantry 459-70. 477 f'oniiuanders 471-72 Commandants. 1885-191 1 260 Commencements, i6, 54-57. 1835-43 85-87 184.3-45 101-02 1846-66 128-33 1867-80 168-73 1880-84 186-87 188.5-1911 310-17 Concerts 322-23 Commissioners, U. S 337 Commodores 471-72 Commons, See Mess Hall. Comptrollers, State 341 Concert Hall. . 171-72, 185, 295, 308. 309-10. 318,322-23 Confederate Army. Mentioned 368, 468 Service in 409 Summary 478 Confederate Navy 468, 478 ConKregational Church 303. 325 Congress. Confederate 335-36 Congressmen. U. S 336 Constitutional Conventions, Delegates to 341 Consuls 337 Contractors 374-75 Conventions, Called by Captain Par- tridge 133 Corner Stone Laid 63-64 (Corporation Dinners 317-19 Correspondence. Tot ten. George M 26-27, 40-42, 5.5-56 County officers 342-43 Courses of Study, Departments. Academy 1.58 Business ] 58 Chemical 235, 239, 243 Civil Engineering. . . .94, 181, 189, 234, 237. 244 Classical 107-11, 153-.56, 183-84, 236, 2.38. 242-43 Collegiate 7.5, 92-93 Electrical Engineering 193, 195-96, 223-24, 225, 228, 237, 241, 245- 46 Field Engineering 218 Law 77 Military Science 94, 2,37 Science and Literature. ... 183, 236, 240. 247 Scientific 107, 111-13, 154-59, 181 Courses of Study, Subjects. Agriculture 12-13 .\. chitecture 13. 189, 235 1-iooKKKiepii g 16 Bot-.pv ]5 Chemi.stry 182, 235, 239, 243 Dancing 13 Elocution 13 Engineering 13, 75 Fencing 13 Languages, Ancient 75-76 Languages, Mofiern 75-76 I>aw 75 Mathematics 75 Metallurgy 182-83 Military Lectures 14 Military Science 13, 75-76 Mineralogy 15 Mining Engineering 181-82 Music 13 Navigation 15-16 Philosophy 157 Physics 182 Political Economy 76 Spanish 15 Mentioned. ...•■.. 176, 181-84, 234-47 Courts, Clerks of 335 Creek War 403 Cuba 349-75, 385-86, 42.3-24, 438-39 Customs. Collector of .337 Dancing Masters 388 Dancing Schools 294 Deaths at the ". Academy," 53-54 Debates 81, 101.291-92 Declamations 237, 293 Deeds of Land 62-63, 142-43, 196 Degrees General 250 Conferred in 1843-46 92-93 Doctor of Medicine 97 Dentists 346 Denver & Rio Grande R. R 348-49, 353 Dewey Receptions Boston 523 MontpeUer 215-16 Northfield 20.5-17 Dewey Hall. Building Committee 214 Corner Stone Laid 204-14 Ground Broken for 202-04 Inception of 201 I^etter from Admiral Dewey 202 Mentioned 292, 294-95, 308, 314, 322 Opened first 214 ■Subscriptions for 201-02 DeWitt Clinton Lodge, mentioned 145 Discipline 261 Dodge Hall 167, 19.3-94, 204, 218, 251, 297, 520 Dodge Loan Fund 217 Drafting Exhibit 173 Dramatics, See Theatricals. Drawing, see Drafting Drill Hall 217.226,263 Drill Masters 405-08. 468.478 Drills 117, 169-73, 186-87, 320-21 Drills, Torch Light 131-33 Druggists 343 Editors 392-93 Education Captain Partridge's Views on 1-.3 Educational Meeting. Norwich 69-71 Electric Lights Installed 195-96 Elocution 62, 237 Endowment Fund 178, 191-92 Endowments 226 Engineers City 371-72 C.S.A 468 Consulting 374-75 600 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. County 371 Government 309-71 MiUtary 363, 368 Naval 308 State 369-71 Ensigns, Naval 471 Entrance Requirements. ... 10, 74, 96, 115, 153, 179-80, 232-34 Episcopal Church Influence. . . .60, 137. 168, 323,324 Evans, James 148, 308-09 Everett House 219, 513-19 Examinations 16, 54-57, 85, 96 Executive Officers 218 Expenses 48-49, 68-69. 80, 100, 121-22, 166,184,272-73 Express Companies 375 Faculty "Academy" 8-12 1834-43 73-75 1844-46 92-93 1846-66 103-07 1866-80 145-52 1880-84 177-79 1884-1911 226-32 Commissioners 568 Dean of 218,231 Mentioned 306, 414 Organization of 188 Fair Commissioners 341-42 Fairs, Vermont State 267, 287 Farmers 383-86 Feuds with Dartmouth 82-84, 125-27 Field Sports 290-91 Finances, University 86-87 Fine Arts 388-89 Fish Commissioners 341 Flags, Academy 23 FlagPole 119, 191 Foot Ball 123, 283-89 Foreign Service 438-39, 478 Foresters 337 Fourth of July Celebration 58-60 Fraternities. Alpha Sigma Pi 124, 167, 216, 225, • • 291,292-93,463-64,493-96,56.3-64, 567, 572-73 Amethyteton 123, 484 Athenian 485 Commons Club 291, 499-501 Delta Knppa Psi 291 " Frankfurters' ' 291 FrankUn 51,484 Friendship Clubs 123, 131, 486, 503-04 Function 81 Greek Letter 51, 124 Mentioned 81,167,291,295,484,502 Parthenon, Society 123-24, 184-85 Phi Kappa Delta 291, 502 • Philomathic Association 123.484 Pi Kappa Alpha 1 24, 485-86 Platonian 485 Polemic 51 , 57-58, 484 Sigma Phi Epsilon 291, 497-98 • Theta Chi 124, 168, 291, 292-93, 488- 92, 565 University Regulators 123, 487, 504-05 Freedman's Bureau 337 Freshman Medal 275-76 Frontier Cavalry 470, 477 Gas Works 374 Geological Excursions 260 Generals, Ma.ior and Brigadier 462 Gifts to the University 149, 251-52 Glee Club, "N. U." 125, 168, 204, 299- 301,316 Glee Clubs, Arion 299 Good Templars' Hall 323 Governor Paine Block 143-44. 173, 216. 323,494-95 Governors Council 341 Governors of States 338 Graduating Exercises . .54, 101, 128, 168, 186, 310-17 Grecian Army 344, 438-39 Guitar Club 303 Health, State Boards 341 Heating Plants 218,224,272' " Heroes of N. U," ■ 550-54 Hikes, see Marches Hockey Club 291 Hops 145, 173, 187, 322-23 Horse Breeders 385-86 Howe's Hall 317-18 Highway Engineers 372-73 Hotel Proprietors 379-80 Indian Agents 337 Indian Wars 438 Inspection, General 19 U. S. Army 261 Insurance Companies 378 Inter-City Park 281, 287, 289 Inventors 373-74 Irrigation Engineering 361 Jackman Hall 143, 148-49, 167, 169, 179, 189,21S, 224, 226,251,305 Jewelers 381 Jucket Medal 274-75 Judges 333 Junior Exhibitions 185-86, 309-10 Knights of Pythias 394 Laboratory, Chemical 179, 190, 272 Land Boards, State 341 Land Officers, U. S 337 Languages, see Courses of Study ^ Lawyers. Mentioned 329-32 Rosterof .332 Lecturers 392 Legislative Acts. Appropriations 220-21 Alumni Trustees 195 Cadets Commissions 261, 563, 564, 569 Artillervaf'N. U." 572 Cadets, Militia Pay 574-75 Cavalry at " N. U." 262, 573-75 Charter 224, 558-60 Commons Club 291 Exemption from MiUtary Duty 570 Lewis College Incorporated 175-564 Loan of Ordnance 560-62 Militia 197-98, 563, 573-75 Organization of Corps 261, 573-75 Professors, Rank of 568, 572 Propertv Held .' 570 Relocation of " N. U." 560 Scholarships 564-66, 570 School Fund 561 Trustees, in Relation to 217, 224. 560. 566-69, 571 Legislative Fight 197 Lewis, Charles H., Letter from 175 Lewis College 174, 187, 564 Librarians 394 Library 16, 23, 76, 96, 114-15, 160-61, • 185, 194, 196, 214, 218-19, 223-24, 251-52. 272 Lieutenants, Army 465-66 Lieutenants, Naval 471-72 Literary, Scientific and Military Insti- tute 133-36 Lottery Scheme 64-66 Lumbermen 383 Machine Companies 365-66 Magazine Club 115 Maine, U. S. S., Blown Up 200 Majors 463 Manila Bay, Battle of 200-02 Manila Bay, Celebration at "N. U." . . . . 217 Manufacturers 381-82 Marches Boston, Mass 99-100 • Burlington, Vt 27-31, 97-99 • Ghelaea.Vt , 264-§6 GENERAL INDEX. 601 Concord, N. H 22-23 Fort Ticonderoga, N. Y 120 Kearsage Mouutain, N. H 21 Haddam, Conn 36 Hartford, Conn 35-36, 42 Manchester, Vt . 25-27 Mt. Ascutney,Vt 79,121 Montpelier, Vt 21, 166,215 New Haven, Conn 36-38 New York City 38^2 Niagara Falls, N. Y 46-48 St. Johnsbury, Vt 120 Springfield, Mass 42 Washington, D. C 44-46 White Mountains 31-35 West Point, N. Y 43-46 Windsor, Vt 26 Woodstock, Vt 21, 120-21 Marine Corps 473,477 Marshal, Office of 191 Marshals, U. S • 337 Masonic Lodge, Laying of Corner Stone • 144-45 Masons, 33 degrees 394 Masters, Naval 471-72 Mayors 342 Medals 52,161,273 Medical Department 76-77 Memorial Day 263 Merchants 375-78 Mess HaU 51, 80, 100, 167, 184. 191, 216, 273 Methodist Church 66, 303, 311,319, 325 Mexican War. Mentioned 99, 102-03, 189, 398-99 Service of Cadets 403-04, 454-61 Mexico 346-75 Midshipmen 471 Mihtary Conventions 87-89 Mihtary Equipment... 20, 78, 119, 165,262-63 Military Lectures, see Courses of Study, Mihtary Organization. . 19, 97, 116-18, 161-63,184,260-63 Military Organizations Mentioned. Jefferson Artillery Co., Vt 26 Stark Guard, N. H 99 Tompkins Blues 44 Washington Grays 44 Woodstock Artillery Co 97 Woodstock Light Infantry Co 97 Military Schools. Arrow Rock Military Academy 399 Collegiate and Commercial Institute. . 397 Gymnasium and Mihtary In.stitute. . 403 Highland .Mihtary Academy 401 Jefferson Mihtary College 396 Literary, Scientific and Mihtary Acad- emy 396 Mt. Pleasant Mihtary Academy 401 Mt. Sterling Literary, Scientific & Mihtary Academy 400 National, Scientific and Mihtary Acad- emy 401 New Hampshire Mihtary Institute. . . . 136 New Jersey Institution 395 North Carohna Literary, Scientific & Mihtary Academy 399-400 Northwestern Military Academy . . . .401-02 Oxford Literary Scientific & Mihtary- Academy 396 Pennsylvania Literary, Scientific & Military Academy 397 Pennsylvania Mihtary Institute 136, 397-99 Raleigh Classical, Mathematical & Mil- itary Academy 400 St. Louis Military .Vcademy 399 Scientific & Mihtary Collegiate Insti- tute 400-01 Virginia Collegiate Institute 136 Virginia Literary, Scientific & Military Academy 397 Wilmington Literary, Scientific and Mihtary Academy 400 Mihtary Schools, founded by "N. U." Men 395-403 Mihtary Service of Cadets 394-483 Militia Lectures by Captain Partridge ... 23 Militia, Vermont. Cadet Commissions in " N. U." Part of 196-97, 261 • Mentioned 97, 172, 207, 416 • Payto"N.U." 221 Mihtia Service by States 479-483 MiUer Library 251-52 Mining ii,ngineers 367-68 Ministers, lioreign Countries 335-37 Montpeher Seminary 283 Morgan Horses at " N. U.' ' 263 Mormon War 438 Mountains. Elevations of 31 Mt. Washington Railway 349 Museum 214, 253-54 Musical Clubs, " N. U." 168, 299-305, 317, 323 Musicians 388-89 Musicians, Army 467 Muster, State, Attendance at 261 Naval Reserves 481 Navy. Chinese 472 Navy Confederate. "N. U. Officers 472 Navy, U. S. "N.U." officers 471-73 Present Service 472-73 Spanish-American War 423-24 Navy, "N.U." 124-25 Niagara Falls Suspension Bridge 363 Non-Commissioned Officers 466-67 North Barracks Burned 200 Northern Pacific R R 346-47, 356 Northfield House 173, 187, 317, 319 Normal School 326 Norwich Tribunal 292 "Norwich Cadets,' ' the 126 Norwich Cavalry 410-15 "N.U. "Club, New York city 519 " N. U.' ' Journahstic Association 293 "N. U." Songs 542-57 Ocean, Telegraph 362 Odd Fellows Lodge 394 Officers, Army, Deceased 468-69 Oil Operators 343 Oratory 237 Officer in Barracks 190 Orators 392 Orchestras. Beedles 310, 323 Blaisdells 323 Cadet 299,301-03 Carter's 187 Chase's 295-96 Colonial 316,322 Delphian 323 Eastman 323 Edmond's 323 Gilson & Cushmans 187 Henry's 323 Howard Opera House 311, 322-23 Marion Osgood's 323 Montpelier 200 Northfield • 294 Pavihon 323 Riley's 323 Whittier's 323 Wilder's 217,297,316,323 Overland Wagon Route to Cal 372 Panama 439 Panama Canal 361 Panama R. R 347 602 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. Papers Mentioned. American Sentinal 60 Barab(jo Republic, Wis 393 Canadian Times 29 Chatfield Republican, Minn 393 Citizen Soldier. Vt 392 Congregational Herald, 392 Coos RepubUcan, N. H 393 Delta, New Orleans 393 Doylestown Democrat, Pa 392 Exeter News Letter, N. H 393 Hartford Times, Conn.,.. 36, 42,392 Jeffersonian, Conn 392 Kingston Daily Freeman, N. Y 393 Lawrence Daily Journal, Kansas 393 Middletown Gazette 53, 58 Middletown Sentinal 35, 62 Monitor, N. H 139 . National Eagle, N. H 393 • New Hampshire Patriot 23 . New Haven Herald 38 • Newport News, Vt 416 • New York Evening Post 38 . New York Herald 393 • New York Press 393 . New York World 392-93 • North Adams Transcript, Mass 393 • Northern Standard, N. Y 392 Petersburg Intelligencer 392 Raleigh Register, N. C 392 Randolph Herald, Vt 393 Sante Ft^ Gazette 392 Spirit of the Age 89, 392 Springfield Repubhcan 42 University Quarter 121 Vermont Mercury 362 Vermont Patriot 392 Vermont Watchman 393 Waltham Evening News, Mass 393 West Jersey Press 393 Woodstock Observer 21 Paymasters, Army 464 Pension Agents 337 Parade Fires A .„-^ V^ Peru, S. A. 349-50 Petty Officers, Naval 472 Philippine Constabulary 470 Philippine Island 349-50 Pheonix, John, see Derby George H. Physicians 343-46 Planters 383-86 Plattsburg, Battle of 402 Plays, see Theatricals PoUtical Conventions, Delegates to 336 PoUtical Work of the Alumni 335-43 Portraits 255 Captain Partridge 43 T. B. Ransom 123 T. E. G. Ransom 255 Positions, Miscellaneous 337 Postmasters 338 Powder Manufacturers 381 Power Companies 36L Preparatory Department 80, 96, 161, 188 Preparatory School ^^t!^? President, Office of 191 President, Securing services of 198-99 President's Medal 274 Presidential Nominee 336 Press Club 293 Privates 467 Prizes 52, 216-17, 273-76 Prize Speaking 132, 294-99 Provost Marshals 464 Publications, "N.U." ^?i~1a Public Exercises o^^ Public Property, Superintendent of 341 PubUshers lo«~c7 Quarrymen 386 87 Quartetts. Apollo 312,317 Cadet 299 Cecilij 313,314,318 Columbian 296 Ideal Male 313 Liberty 308 Lyric 299 Mozart 312-13 Schubert 323 Temple 316, 323 Unitarian 314 University 310,316 Quebec 394 Railroads. Commissioners 341 First Steam 347 Roster of 350-60 Railways.. Employees 375 First West of the AUeghenyMountains 347 Mail Service 336 Ranchmen 383-86 Ransom, T. B., Sword 254 Reading Room 17, 115, 252 Real Estate Men 380-81 Receptions 173, 200, 294 Recitation Rooms 167, 194 Reminiscences 81-84, 98-99. 125-28 Representatives, State 339-41 Republican Party, Naming of 335 Reveille. History of 531-38 Mentioned 167, 168, 185, 293. 305-06 Revenue Collectors 337 Rhetoricals 52, 54-60, 168, 293 Revenue Cutter Service 472-477 Rooms. Care of 272 Rough Riders, mentioned 426 Rooms, Furnishing of 49, 122 Royal Gorge. Col 363 Rules and Regulations 69,97,117-19,261 Sailors oo7 St. Albans Raid 138, 416-21 St. Mary's Episcopal Church 168-73 Salesman ^^ ''llf Sanborn-Map Co ice 15 Sanitary Engineers l^^^'i^l Scholarships ^^^',Hl Scholarships, State ^^^7SY School Fund • 561 School Boards. Members of 3J7 Schools Mentioned. Clin ton Liberal Institute ooc^o^ Mt. Caesar Seminary 326-27 New England Seminary 326 Westbrook Seminary na nX Western Liberal Institute 326-27 Schools. MiUtary . Rank of 261 Sea Captains 387 Secret Societies ^^^ Secretaries, MiUtary Affairs ^41 Secretaries of State ■ ■ • • • f41 Seminole War 403, 454-61 Senators, U. S -336 Senators, State "^^io SenimGnld Medal .••■ 273 Service Calls ^^'^^'\vn Shan. Sho.iters iaCsiR Sheep Breeders fS^Tna Sheldon Prize Speaking ^94-99 Ship Builders 38S Ships Mentioned, U. S. Badger . 434 Baltimore 1^l~ol Boston 427-38 Concord ^^^| Harriet Lane ^^ Isaac Smith 409 McCuUoch 427 GENERAL INDEX. 603 Maine 424 Montgomery 423-24 Olvmpia 426-38 Rileigh 427-38 Ships. Spanish 427-38 Shuttleworth Sword 216-17, 274 Siam 335 Sigma-Theta Banquet 501 Signal Corps, Armv 470 Signal Corps at ■ N. U." 261, 262 Singing School Teachers 388 Skeeing 291 Social Life at "N.U." 294 Societies, General 169, 170 Societies, see Fraternities "Soldiers of Fortune," 438-39 Songs, "N.U." ,.542-57 South America 347-75 South Barracks Burned 123, 139, 141 Spanish-American War. Battle of Manila Bay 201,427-38 Mentioned 229, 501 , 523 President Brown's Letter to Alumni 200. 422 Service in 200-01 , 422-38 Service bv States 454—61 Staff Officers 465,470,477 Stage Companies 375 State Agents. Civil War 342 State Aid. Connecticut 64-66, 78 State Aid, Vermont, . . .78, 137, 146^7, 174, 178, 194-95, 201, 220-21, 560-62, 564-67 State Positions 338-42 States Mentioned. Alabama 336-43, 454 Arizona ,336-43,479 Arkansas 336-43, 454. 474 California . .331-34, 336-43. 369.372. 385- 86, 394, 454, 474-78 Colorado . .336-43, 347-75, 385-86, 454.474 Connecticut . . 336-43,385-86, 405, 454, 474, 479 District of Columbia . .336-13, 461, 476, 479 Florida 361,4.54,474.479 Georgia 336-43, 385-86, 454, 474, 479 Hawaiian Islands 3.30, 336-43 Illinois . .330-32, 336-43,347-75, 407, 454, 474,479 Indiana. .336-43. 346-75, 407, 4.55. 474, 479 Iowa 3.30-43, 348-75. 407. 4.55, 474. 479 Kansas .336-43. 346-75. 4.55. 474. 479 Kentucky .336-43. .38,5-86. 4.55, 474 Ix)uisiana . .330, 336-43,347, 38.5-86. 455, 474,479 Maine 336-43, 423. 4.55. 475. 479 Maryland 336-43. 456, 479 Massachusetts.. 330-32, 336-43, 408, 423, 4.56,475,479 Michigan 336-43, 346-75, 457, 479 Minnesota 331-32, 336-43. 457. 475. 479 Mississippi .... 336-43, 385-86, 457, 475, 479 Missouri 336-43, 457. 475, 479 Montana 336-43, 369, 457, 475, 479 Nebraska .330-43, 457. 475 New Hampshire 336-43, 405. 423. 457- 58. 475. 479-80 New Jersey 336^3, 423. 458. 475 New Mexico 336-43, 480 New York 330-31, 333-43, 423, 458, 475, 480 North Carolina 336-43, 385-86. 458. 476. 480 North Dakota 331-43. 480 Ohio 336-43, 346-75, 4.58-.59, 476,480 Oregon 336-43. 4.59, 476 Pennsylvania 329-43,. 348-75. .38.5-86, 423.4.59,476,480 Rhode Island 336-43, 410-15, 4.59, 476, 480 South Carolina 336-43. 389-90. 459, 476. 480 Tennessee 336-43, 385-86, 459, 476, 480 Texas 335-43, 347-75, ,38.5-86, 409, 4.39, 460, 476, 480 Vermont 329-43, 405, 408. 422-23, 460-61,476,480-81 Virginia 336-43,38.5-86.461,476,481 Washington 336-43 , 349, 46 1 , 48 1 Wisconsin 330-32, 336-43, .347-75, 385-86, 405-06, 461 , 476, 481 Wyoming 336-43, 386 Street Railways. List of 360 Sugar Planters 383-86 Summer Schools 255-60 Superintendent, Appointed 190 Supreme Court, Vt. Decisions on En- campments 196-97 Surgeons 343—46 .Surgeons, Army 463-64 Surveys. By the Corps 14-120 Norwich.... 1823-24 15 Middletown. 1825-26 15 Target Shoot 270-72 Teachers Department 80 Teachers. Ro.sterof 326-29 Telegraph Companies 362-63 Telephone Companies 362-63 Telephone Systemlnstalled 226 Tennis Associations 291 Textile Companies 382 Theatricals 57-58, 81-82, 168. 185. 280. 292-93, 388 Thomas Medal 273-74 Toasts 59-60 Toboggan Club 291 Tom Coats, Battle of 126 Tortugas Reefs, survey of 368 Town Officers 343 Treasurers, U. S 337 Treasvirers, State 341 Trophies from U. S. Government 254-55 Trustees Alumni 190, 195 First Meeting 72 First Meeting in Northfield 142-43 Meetings 176-77, 194-95 Mentioned 558 Tuition 49,80, 100. 121-22,272 Uniforms 19-20, 49-51, 97, 119, 163-65. 184,263-64 L^nion Pacific Railroad 348. 359 LTniversalist Church gives patronage .... 72 At the Center Village 263 Mentioned 323, 325 Universitv, "N. L^." As State Agricultural College. . .141, 149-50 Buildings, Description of 122 Charter, Mentioned 194, 221, 224 Charter, Text of 558-62 Corner Stone Laid 144-45 Founded 72 Grading of Campus 143,147,177,194, 225 Grounds Surveyed 143 Incorporators of 72 Jackman Hall 143, 148-49 Land Purchased in Northfield 142^3, 196 Lease of in 1844 91 Lewis College 174-87, 546 Location in Northfield 142-43 Motto 209 Name Restored 178, 564 Norwich Property Sold 142 Property Deeded 193 Purcha.se of Captain Partridge's Interest 91 604 NORWICH UNIVERSITY. Purchase of Property in 1844 91 Relocation of 91,133,136.177,560 • Removal to Northfield 140-43 • Seal of 97 • Sold, at Auction 192-93 South Barracks Burned 123, 139 University Record 541 Universities Mentioned. Amherst 287. 410-15 Bates College 230 Boston University 227-28 Boston University Law School 227 Bowdoin 228,229,231,284,410-15 Bristol College, Del 401 Brown 230, 386 Buchtell 327 Colby 283 Cornell 226, 227, 289 Dartmouth 17, 21, 82-84, 106, 137-38, 139-40, 228-29, 286, 344, 405, 410-15 George Washington 327 Harvard 227 Hobart 104 Holy Cross 287 Jefferson College, Miss 326 Lombard 326-27 Manhattan College 283 Massachusetts Agricultural College . . . 280 Middlebury .... 17, 199-200, 276-89, 291-92 Montefiore. Belgium 231 New York 106 Newton College. Md 326 Rose Polytechnic 327 Rush Medical 344 St. Johns College. England 106 St. Michaels 287 Syracuse 280 Thayer School of Engineering 225 Toronto 280 Trinity 60. 289 Tufts College 228.231.280.283,325 Union 307. 410-15 University of Cambridge 107 University of Illinois 327 University of Vermont 17. 28, 42, 98, 106, 149. 199. 228. 231. 252. 276-91. 306 University of Virginia 389 Wesleyan 17, 287 Williams 410-15 Washington College 36. 60-62 Wesleyan University 66 Yale 17. 37. 307 University Owl 124. 531 University Quarterly 124 University Regulator 124. 531 Vacations 48.80. 116. 161 Vermont Historical Society 25 Veteran Rehef Corps 470, 477 Violinists 388 War of 1812 402 War Service, Summary 474—78 Wardens of State Prisons 342 War Department, Recognition of 189 War Whoop. History of 539-40 PubUcation Begim 195 Wars. - Civil, see Civil War. • Mexican, see Mexican War • Spanish-American, see Spanish-American War. Water Supply 225-26 Weather Bureau, U. S 189, 214, 225, 337 Water Works 366-67 White House 45 Women, Education of 89-90 Young Ladies Seminary 89-90 Y. M. C. A 306-07 Zouave Drills 129-31 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. URL AUG 2^*81 INTERLIBJRARY LOANS JUL E:) 1984 ;wo Weeks AUG 1 " '^ RBTDUMJIQ! J, ^ J. _ > i OCT 241987 rom Date of Receipt PSD 2343 9/77 3 1158 00935 1593 UC SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY AA 000 863 332 3