EECORDS AND REMINISCENCES 
 
 OF 
 
 GOODWOOD AND THE DUKES OF RICHMOND. 
 
5 9 J 
 
 3 3 5 
 
EAKL OF MARCH AND KINBARA. 
 QFrom a photo by Charles S. Bardan, ChiahcHer.') ] 
 
EECOKDS AND REMINISCENCES 
 
 OF 
 
 GOODWOOD 
 
 AND 
 
 THE DUKES OF KICHMOND 
 
 JOHN KENT 
 
 AUTHOR OF " THE RACING LIFE OF LORD GEORGE BENTINCK," ETC. 
 
 ILLUSTRATED 
 
 LONDON 
 SAMPSON LOW, MAESTON & COMPANY 
 
 LIMITED, 
 
 ^t. Bungtan'^ ?^ou^e, 
 
 Fetter Lane, Fleet Street, E.G. 
 
 1896. 
 
 [AM rightt reserved.] 
 
.55 
 
 LONDON : 
 
 PBINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, 
 
 STAMFORD STREET AND CHARING CROSS. 
 
 • • • 
 
 • • • • • 
 
 
DEDICATED 
 
 BY KIND PERMISSION 
 TO 
 
 THE RIGHT HON. THE EARL OF MARCH. 
 
 M128547 
 
PEEFACE. 
 
 For some years I have been urged to compile a few 
 reminiscences of Goodwood; but, although feeling 
 that it would be a great pleasure to record the many 
 interesting incidents concerning which I might claim 
 to be an authority, my impaired health and advanced 
 age precluded me from undertaking the task until 
 last year, when I felt more equal to the effort. 
 
 During the period I was upon the Goodwood 
 estate, extending over a great number of years, I 
 had exceptional opportunities for observing much, 
 which few now living can have seen ; and as, more- 
 over, I possessed many works containing incidents 
 relative to subjects associated with the family and 
 estate, in addition to my personal experience, I was 
 encouraged to comply with the request. 
 
 I may not have done justice to the subjects dealt 
 with, but it has been more than a labour of love to 
 write what I have, and I trust these reminiscences 
 may be found interesting to those who may do me 
 the honour of reading my book. 
 
 JOHN KENT. 
 
 Felpham, 1896. 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 I. The First Duke ... ... ... ... 1 
 
 II. The Second Duke ... ... ... 5 
 
 III. The Third Duke ... ... ... ... 19 
 
 IV. The Public and Private Life of the Third 
 
 Duke ... ... ... ... 27 
 
 V. The Third Duke as a Sportsman ... ... 37 
 
 YI. The Fourth" Duke ... ... ... 43 
 
 VII. The Friendship of the Duke of Wellington 55 
 
 VIII. The Fifth Duke ... ... ... 68 
 
 IX. The Fifth Duke as a Sportsman ... ... 83 
 
 X. The Goodwood Eace Meetings ... ... 94 
 
 XI. The Fifth Duke as Politician and Country 
 
 Gentleman ... ... ... ... 107 
 
 XII. The Military Testimonial to the Fifth Duke 124 
 XIII. Further Incidents in the Political Career 
 
 OF THE Fifth Duke ... ... ... 136 
 
 XIV. Public Life of the Fifth Duke ... 146 
 
 XV. Public Life of the Fifth Duke — Continued ... 157 
 
 XVI. The Present Duke ... ... ... 188 
 
 XVII. The Earl of March ... ... ... 210 
 
 Index... ... ... ... ... 225 
 
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 TO FACE PAGE 
 
 The Eael of March and Kinrara ... {Frontispiece) 
 
 Charles, First Duke of Richmond, K.G 2 
 
 Charles, Second Duke of Richmond, K.G. ... ... 6 
 
 Charles, Third Duke of Richmond, K.Gr. ... 20 
 
 Goodwood House, and Cork Trees ... ... 24 
 
 Charles, Fourth Duke of Richmond, K.G-. ... 44 
 
 Charles, Fifth Duke of Richmond, K.G. ... ... 48 
 
 The Stables, Goodwood ... ... ... 94 
 
 Red Deer, and Tiny Jockey Kitchener ... ... 102 
 
 Caroline, Duchess of Richmond ... ... 112 
 
 Charles, Sixth Duke of Richmond, K.G. ... ... 188 
 
 molecomb ... ... ... ... ... 194 
 
 James Stuart, Duke of Richmond. Died 1655 ; the 
 
 Last in the Stuart Line ... ... ... 200 
 
RECORDS AND REMINISCENCES 
 
 OF 
 
 GOODWOOD AND THE DUKES OF RICHMOND. 
 
 CHAPTEE I. 
 
 THE FIRST DUKE. 
 
 It would be difficult to find, in tlie peerage of these 
 realms, a ducal family which, in successive gene- 
 rations, has been more distinguished than that of 
 Lennox. 
 
 In this statement I doubt not my readers will 
 acquiesce, when the life of each notable member 
 of the house of Lennox has been sketched by the 
 author of this work, who has for many years 
 possessed opportunities, directly and indirectly, of 
 obtaining knowledge of many incidents and traits 
 in confirmation of this assertion. 
 
 The first Duke of Eichmond was born on the 
 29th of July, 1672, and in the first year of his life 
 was created Earl of March, Baron of Settrington, and 
 Duke of Eichmond, and on the 9th of September, 
 
 B 
 
2 BECOBDS AND BEMINISGENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 1675, he became Duke of Lennox, Earl of Darnley, 
 and Baron Metliuen of Torbolton. 
 
 On the 7th of April, 1681, he was elected Knight 
 Companion of the Garter, and installed at Windsor 
 on the 20th of the same month ; he was also Master 
 of the Horse to King Charles II., but on the ac- 
 cession of James II. to the throne that office was 
 abolished. The Duke was aide-de-camp to William 
 III., and was engaged on active service in Flanders. 
 He was also one of the Lords of the Bedchamber of 
 George I. In 1720 he purchased the original old 
 Goodwood House, of the Compton family, as a 
 hunting-seat and occasional resort. 
 
 The Goodwood estate at this period was of very 
 limited extent, and the original house, an ancient 
 Gothic structure, was pulled down, and on its site 
 a new building was erected, a portion of which still 
 remains, of which I hope to speak on a later page. 
 
 There is but little doubt that his Grace either 
 resided or was a frequent visitor in the neighbour- 
 hood of Goodwood, before he purchased the estate, 
 as Charlton Forest was granted to him by the 
 Crown, and its possession confirmed by an Act, the 
 31st of George II. This forest at that time was 
 of considerable extent, although now it includes 
 only about 800 acres, and it is probable that much 
 of the adjacent wooded land formed part of the 
 forest, as it was a great hunting district, and its 
 
CHARLES, FIRST DUKE OF RICHMOND, K.G. 
 {From apaintivg by Sir Godfrey Kneller.) 
 
AND TEE DUKES OF RICHMOND. 
 
 present boundary lies only about three miles north 
 of Goodwood House. 
 
 William III., accompanied by the Grand Duke of 
 Tuscany, came down to join in the hunting there. 
 It is evident that the first Duke of Eichmond was 
 connected with the locality before he purchased 
 Goodwood, as he made the present of a fat buck 
 to the Corporation of St. Pancras in Chichester, for 
 their dinner at the Unicorn Inn, on the 4th of 
 November, 1689. As it is stated in the old records 
 of that body that it was presented by the " Duke 
 of Eichmond at Goodwoode," I conclude that his 
 Grace occupied the old Goodwood House some time 
 previous to his ownership, especially as his son, the 
 second Duke, was born there. 
 
 He was intimately associated with the worthies of 
 Chichester and the neighbourhood, as he was master 
 of a private lodge of Free Masons in Chichester, and 
 also Grand Master of England, having under him 
 Sir Christopher Wren. 
 
 It may appear improbable to the present genera- 
 tion, but there is unquestionably evidence of the 
 existence of a chapel upon the summit of St. Eoche's 
 (or what is more generally known as " Eook's Hill "), 
 dedicated to St. Eoche the Confessor ; and this chapel 
 was the place of general assembly for the ancient 
 Society of Free and Accepted Masons, who, according 
 to tradition, first met on this site before the Christian 
 
4 BECOBDS AND BEMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 era, and as early as the time of Julius Caesar. The 
 old Chichester Lodge (No. 65) used to meet here 
 once a year, on Tuesday in Easter week. " The last 
 public assembly of the brethren upon St. Eoche's 
 Hill is said to have taken place in 1693, under his 
 Grace the first Duke of Kichmond." 
 
 This nobleman, like each of his successors, was a 
 sportsman, as I find that he hunted with the noted 
 Charlton pack of foxhounds, and was frequently at 
 Newmarket during the meetings there, in company 
 with the Duke of Buckingham, the Earl of Suffolk, 
 Lord Orford, Lord Montague, Lord Godolphin, and 
 the Duke of Grafton. 
 
 His Grace married, in 1692, Anne, second daughter 
 of Francis Lord Brudenel, eldest son of Eobert Earl 
 of Cardigan, and left issue — (l) Charles, second 
 Duke of Kichmond, Lennox, and Aubigny ; (2) Louise, 
 married to James, third Earl of Berkeley ; (3) Anne, 
 married to William, second Earl of Albemarle. 
 
 When George I. visited the Earl of Scarborough 
 at Stanstead, in August, 1722, in passing through 
 Chichester the Mayor and Corporation were presented 
 to the King by his Grace. The Duke died at Good- 
 wood on the 27th of May, 1723, and was buried 
 in Henry YH.'s Chapel; in Westminster Abbey, his 
 remains being afterwards removed by his son, the 
 second Duke of Richmond, to the family mausoleum 
 under Chichester Cathedral. 
 
AND TEE EUKES OF RICHMOND. 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 THE SECOND DUKE. 
 
 Charles, tlie eldest child of the first Duke, and 
 afterwards second Duke of Eichmond, Lennox, and 
 Aubigny, was born at Goodwood, on the 1 8th of May, 
 1701. As Earl of March, he satin the House of Com- 
 mons for the City of Chichester from 1722 till the 
 following year, when he succeeded to the dukedom. 
 George I. having revived the ancient Military Order 
 of the Bath, the Duke was chosen, in 1725, as one of 
 the knights of that Order, and in the following year 
 he was offered and accepted " the Garter," being in- 
 stalled at Windsor as a Knight Companion of the Most 
 Noble Order on the 16th of June. He was at that 
 time one of the Lords of the Bedchamber and aide- 
 de-camp to his Majesty ; and at the coronation on the 
 17th of October, 1727, was High Constable of England 
 for the occasion. 
 
 In 1734, the dukedom of Aubigny in France, with 
 the peerage of that kingdom, devolved upon his Grace. 
 On the 8th of January, 1735, he was appointed 
 
6 BECORDS AND REMINISCENCES OF 00 OB WOOD 
 
 Master of the Horse to his Majesty, and the next 
 day sworn of the Privy Council. In 1739 his Grace 
 was made a Brigadier-General, and also elected as 
 one of the Governors of the Charter-House. In 
 1740 he was declared one of the Lords Justices for 
 the administration of the government during his 
 Majesty's absence. On the 1st of January, 1741, he 
 was gazetted a Major-Gen eral, and placed on the staff 
 of general officers for South Britain, and on the 6th of 
 June, 1745, he was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant- 
 General. In 1743 his Grace attended the King 
 during the campaign, and was present at the battle 
 of Dettingen, having been declared one of the Lords 
 Justices of the Kingdom before his Majesty's de- 
 parture, which honourable trust he held in 1745. 
 
 The Pretenders eldest son Charles landing in 
 Scotland at this time, and advancing as far as Derby, 
 the Duke of Eichmond attended the Duke of Cumber- 
 land in his expedition against the Chevalier, and 
 assisted in the reduction of Carlisle. 
 
 His Grace was appointed one of the Lords Justices 
 of the Kingdom in 1748, and also in 1750. He was 
 chosen as High Steward of Chichester, and with the 
 Duchess set out for France to inspect his property 
 there, returning to their house in Privy Gardens in 
 October. In the February following he was appointed 
 Colonel of the Koyal Kegiment of Horse Guards. 
 
 As I have previously stated, the Goodwood Park 
 
CHAKLES, SECOND DUKE OF lUCHMOND, K.G. 
 (^From a painting in Goodwood Souse; painter unknoton.) 
 
AND TEE DUKES OF BICEMOND, 
 
 and estate were originally very limited. Upon the 
 summit of the most elevated point of the park his 
 Grace erected a very ornamental building, which is 
 called " Game's Seat," after the old man, a faithful 
 servant of the family, who occupied a wooden cottage 
 upon the site. The new building was erected at a 
 great expense, the materials of the tower of Hove 
 church, near Brighton, which had fallen down, being 
 purchased and utilized for its erection. It was 
 designed in the Venetian style, and was intended 
 for an occasional summer retreat. 
 
 It contains a fine and lofty room, which was 
 originally fitted up in a very costly and splendid 
 manner, most beautifully painted and gilt, and with 
 a carved marble chimney-piece. 
 
 Under the portico, at the entrance to the banquet- 
 ing room, was the horoscope, or configuration of the 
 planets at the birth of the second Duke (the builder), 
 who, as previously stated, was born on the 18th of May, 
 1701, not far from the site of this building. It is 
 evident that the Duke and his family took a great 
 interest in this conspicuous and delightful pleasure- 
 house. The prospect is superb, embracing a great 
 extent of the coast of Sussex and Hampshire, with the 
 English Channel in the foreground, and the Isle of 
 Wight in the distance. The intervening plains are 
 spread out in quite a panoramic manner, and the view 
 embraces nearly forty miles, from east to west. A 
 
8 RECORDS AND REMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 more cliarmmg outlook can hardly be imagined, and 
 it was evidently enjoyed by the Duchess and her 
 daughters, as within the shrubbery adjoining the 
 building is a shell grotto of exquisite workmanship, 
 decorated by these ladies. The greatest care has been 
 exercised in arranging the numerous devices, worked 
 out with a great variety of shells, into the several 
 compartments, forming vases and cornucopias of 
 flowers, the floor being paved with black and white 
 marble and horses' teeth, the length of the grotto 
 being fifteen feet six inches, breadth ten feet six 
 inches, and height, from the floor to the crown of the 
 arch which forms the ceiling, a little more than eleven 
 feet. To line the interior of this grotto with shells 
 of innumerable varieties, and so form the various 
 exquisite designs, must have required much time and 
 perseverance, and a considerable amount of taste. 
 
 Under the portico in the front of the building a 
 stone is introduced, bearing the following inscrip- 
 tion : — 
 
 CARNE'S SEAT. 
 
 LIGNEAM INYENIT, LAPIDEAM FECIT. 
 
 CAROLYS RICHMONDII, LEYINI^ ET 
 
 ALBINIACI, DYX. 
 
 MDCCXLIII. 
 
 Interpreted — 
 
 Game's Seat. 
 
 He found it wooden, and left it stone. 
 
 Charles, Duke of Richmond, Lennox and Aubigny, 1743. 
 
 His Grace was elected Mayor of Chichester in 1735. 
 
AND THE DUKES OF BICHMOND. 
 
 The ancient and ornamental Market Cross, standing 
 in tlie centre of the city of Chichester, being greatly- 
 dilapidated, the Duke repaired it, at considerable 
 expense, in 1746. 
 
 On the 14th of January, 1749, his Grace met the 
 Judges, Sir Thomas Birch, Kt., Sir Michael Foster, Kt., 
 and Baron Edward Clive, at Midhurst, they having 
 come with the counsellors and principal officers in 
 six coaches, each drawn by six horses. The smugglers 
 of Sussex were then incredibly daring and numerous, 
 and openly set the law at defiance, and it was the 
 intention of a gang of these brigands to waylay the 
 procession at Hind Heath, but the idea was aban- 
 doned, as it was reported that the judges would be 
 guarded by a party on horseback. The Duke enter- 
 tained these judges at Goodwood before they pro- 
 ceeded to the bishop's palace at Chichester, to open 
 the special assizes held to try seven notorious 
 smugglers for murder, viz. Benjamin Tapner, John 
 Cobby, John Hammond, William Jackson, William 
 Carter, Kichard Mills the elder, and Kichard Mills 
 the younger. These, and other desperate and lawless 
 men, had often passed through Goodwood Park in 
 such numbers and so well mounted as to bid defiance 
 to any attempt to arrest their progress. 
 
 Their booty was in kegs, slung upon pack-horses 
 seized for the purpose. Such was the terror they 
 exercised, that any justice of the peace who committed 
 
10 HE COEDS AND REMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 one for trial, did it at the risk of his life. The Duke 
 of Eichmond, however, was most active in bringing 
 them to justice, and, assisted by the intrepid Major 
 Battine, a magistrate from East Harden, he succeeded 
 in breaking up the gang. 
 
 To give my readers an idea of the extent to which 
 these fellows had carried on their nefarious pursuit, I 
 will relate what I have read, and heard from those 
 who remember the facts as reported to them. 
 
 On Tuesday, the 4th of October, 1747, the whole 
 body of smugglers, numbering over forty, all well 
 mounted, assembled in Charlton Forest to consult on 
 the possibility of recovering some goods which had 
 been seized and deposited in the Custom House at 
 Poole. 
 
 It was proposed that they should go in a body 
 armed, and break open the Poole Custom House. 
 This was agreed to, and a bond was signed declaring 
 that they would support each other. The next day 
 they met at Rowland's Castle (about five miles from 
 Goodwood), armed with swords and muskets, and 
 concealed themselves in a wood till the evening of 
 the following day, when they proceeded to Poole, 
 reaching there about 11 p.m. Two or three of 
 them were sent to reconnoitre, and reported that 
 a sloop-of-war lay opposite the quay, so that her 
 guns could point against the door of the Custom 
 House, which caused some of the gang to falter. 
 
AND THE DUKES OF BICHMOND. 11 
 
 Two of them then addressed the others as follows : — 
 
 " If you will not do it, we will do it ourselves." 
 
 Two members of the gang took care of the horses, 
 
 whilst the main body went down to the Custom 
 
 House, taking with them a boy whom they chanced 
 
 to meet, to prevent his giving alarm. 
 
 The goods consisted of about 42 cwt. of tea, 
 packed in canvas and oilskin bags, and 30 casks 
 of spirits, slung with ropes in order to be loaded 
 on horses. The door was soon forced open with 
 hatchets, etc., and the smuggled tea was carried off 
 on the horses. A reward was offered for the appre- 
 hension of the smugglers, but it was months before 
 any one was taken. A man named Diamond was 
 captured and lodged in Chichester gaol, upon which 
 a portion of the gang committed two murders to 
 prevent evidence being given against their fellows, 
 the victims being Galley, a Custom House officer, 
 and Daniel Chater ; the murderers were Benjamin 
 Tapner and the other men before-mentioned. 
 
 It appears that on the 14th of February, 1748, 
 Galley and Chater were on their road to Major 
 Battine's at Stanstead to have Chater's evidence taken 
 on oath, when they were induced to stop at the White 
 Hart at Rowland's Castle, the landlady of which, being 
 afraid that they were going to hunt the smugglers, 
 sent for Jackson and Carter, and communicated her 
 suspicion to them. Others of the gang came in, and 
 
12 RECOBBS AND BEMINISCENGES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 Carter soon extracted from Chater tlie real nature 
 of the business in hand. 
 
 The officers were then made nearly drunk and put 
 to bed, from which they were awakened to be tied 
 to one of the horses with their legs under the belly, 
 and were brutally whipped till they fell twice with 
 their heads under the horse. They were then 
 brought to a well in Lady Holt Park, where Galley 
 was taken from the horse and was about to be 
 thrown into the well. This, however, was not done. 
 Putting him again upon the horse, they whipped 
 him to death upon the Downs, and then dug a 
 hole and buried him. Chater they chained in a 
 turf house, from which, after being maimed in 
 the nose and eyes by a knife, he was taken in the 
 dead of night to Harris's Well, where Tapner fas- 
 tened a noose round his neck and put him into the 
 well head foremost to stop his groans. They then 
 threw rails, gateposts, and large stones upon him. 
 
 Galley's body was found by Mr. Stone whilst 
 hunting, and six miles off, in the well, the body of 
 Chater was discovered. The murderers were tried 
 at Chichester as previously stated ; the three prin- 
 cipals, viz. Benjamin Tapner, John Cobby, and 
 John Hammond, being convicted as such ; the others 
 as accessories before the fact of the murder of Chater ; 
 and Jackson and Carter for the murder of Galley. 
 
 Jackson died in prison on the night he was 
 condemned. 
 
AND TEE LUKES OF BICEMOND. 13 
 
 The others were hanged at two o'clock p.m. on 
 the I8th of January at Chichester, or rather upon 
 the Broyle within its environs, in a field adjoin- 
 ing the barracks, where there is a stone erected to 
 mark the spot. Tapner s body was hanged in chains 
 on St. Koche's Hill, not far from the rubbing-house 
 built by the late Lord George Bentinck, and now 
 converted into cottages. 
 
 In 1791 the gibbet was shattered during a violent 
 thunderstorm, when two millers, in a windmill not 
 far from the spot, were struck dead by the lightning. 
 A portion of the gibbet post, with a mound of soil 
 and turf around it, has been visible during my life- 
 time. 
 
 The body of William Carter was hung in chains 
 on the Portsmouth road, those of John Cobby and 
 John Hammond near Selsey Bill. 
 
 I have entered fully into this smuggling atrocity, 
 as being one of the most desperate and abominable 
 crimes ever committed, and being planned upon the 
 Goodwood estate. 
 
 About 1725 his Grace brought to Goodwood a 
 collection of wild beasts and birds, then very rare 
 in England. They were kept in dens with iron- 
 barred gates, and a vast number of persons came 
 to see them. 
 
 This collection included a lion, tiger, bears, eagles, 
 ostriches, etc. The lion dying soon after his arrival, 
 
14 BECORDS AND BEMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 was buried in the upper part of High Wood, where, 
 upon a large pedestal, there is a fine statue of the 
 animal, life size, and in a recumbent position. 
 
 In some grottoes in the High Wood there were 
 made cemeteries for favourite animals of the family. 
 
 His Grace was a keen sportsman, having hunted 
 for some years with the celebrated Charlton pack of 
 foxhounds before his acceptance of them from the 
 Duke of Bolton. In 1732 he built a house at 
 Charlton, which still remains, where he and the 
 Duchess used to sleep in order to be ready for the 
 early meet at eight o'clock in the morning. 
 
 This house, almost the sole relic of the celebrated 
 Charlton Hunt, was beautifully built, and the walls of 
 the principal room are ornamented with paintings 
 relative to the chase. 
 
 The famous " Tom Johnson," who had been hunts- 
 man for the Duke of Bolton, continued on in that 
 capacity with the Duke of Eichmond, who maintained 
 the hunt in a princely manner, and it soon assumed 
 an importance and regularity unknown before, a 
 hundred horses being led out every morning, each 
 with his attendant groom in the Charlton livery — 
 blue, with gold cord and tassels to the caps. The 
 meets, although so early, attracted a great number 
 of persons of all ranks and positions, and were 
 attended by ladies far in excess of the numbers 
 usually present at " hunts " in the present day. 
 
AND THE DUKES OF BICEMOND. 15 
 
 This model " Charlton Hunt " being established at 
 so early a date, and its history being rather remark- 
 able, I hope to recur to the theme in a later chapter. 
 
 Not only was his Grace a mighty hunter, but a 
 skilled forester and horticulturist, ornamenting his 
 park and private grounds, and making them historic. 
 In the High Wood — an enclosed space of about forty 
 acres adjoining the house — he formed a mound, upon 
 which he erected a highly ornamental building, which 
 he called " The Temple of Minerva," in which he 
 placed a stone, bearing upon it an inscription which 
 runs : — 
 
 NEPTUNO ET MINERYtE TEMPLUM 
 
 PRO SALVTE DOMVS DIVINE 
 
 EX AYCTORITATE IMP TI CLAYD 
 
 ET COGIDYBNI REGIS MAGNI BRITANORYM. 
 
 COLLEGIYM FABRORYM ET QUI IN EO 
 
 A. S. SYNT D. S. D. DONANTE AREAM 
 
 PYDENTE PYDENTINI FILIO. 
 
 Which being freely translated may be read as 
 follows : — 
 
 The Temple of Neptune and Minerva, erected for 
 the health of the Imperial Family, by the authority of 
 King Cogidubnus, the Lieutenant of Tiberius Claudius 
 Augustus in Britain. 
 
 The company of artificers, with those who were 
 ambitious of the honour of supplying materials, defrayed 
 the expenses — Pudens, the son of Pudentinus, gave the 
 ground. 
 
16 EECOBBS AND BEMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 This stone, whicli is about six feet long by two feet 
 nine inches broad, is of grey Sussex marble, and the 
 letters upon it are three inches high. It was found 
 about four feet below the surface of the ground, when 
 the foundations for the Council Chamber, in the North 
 Street of the City of Chichester, were dug in April, 
 1731, and was presented to the Duke of Eichmond 
 by a Mr. Lodger, but unfortunately it was greatly 
 defaced and broken in its removal from the ground 
 where it had been buried for so many centuries. 
 
 Near to it were some stone walls three feet thick, 
 forming an angle, which there can be but little doubt 
 were part of the temple to which this stone relates. 
 
 It not only fixes the site of a pagan temple dedi- 
 cated to two of the Dii Majores, and affords evidence 
 of a corporation of smiths, working probably with 
 Sussex iron, and wealthy enough to establish such a 
 building, but it has also preserved to us the names of 
 Cogidubnus, a native chieftain mentioned by Tacitus, 
 and of Pudens, the giver of the site, the namesake of 
 the Eoman husband of the British Claudia, whose 
 beauty and talent, according to Martial, distinguished 
 her in the polished society of ancient Eome. It will 
 be remembered that St. Paul, writing from that city, 
 sends the greetings of Pudens and Claudia to Timothy 
 (2 Tim. iv. 21). It is, therefore, very probable that 
 this stone bears one of the oldest inscriptions to be 
 found in this country. 
 
AND THE DUKES OF RICHMOND. 17 
 
 Evidently his Grace was very popular in Chichester, 
 to be considered the fittest recipient of such a treasure. 
 He obtained a faculty and the permission of the 
 Dean and Chapter to construct a mausoleum at the 
 east end of Chichester Cathedral, under the Lady 
 Chapel, into which he conveyed his father's re- 
 mains from Henry VH.'s Chapel in Westminster 
 Abbey. This vault or mausoleum has received the 
 remains of twenty -five members of the family up to 
 1893. 
 
 His Grace purchased, from Sir John Bennet, 
 Sedgweck Castle, about two and a half miles east 
 of Horsham. 
 
 This castle was very ancient and historical, and 
 delightfully situated. In form it was circular, the 
 outer wall being about 200 yards in circumference, 
 and it was surrounded by an inner and an outer 
 moat, the water washing the walls which spread 
 gradually at the foundation. The land attached to it 
 consisted of about 150 acres, but had formerly been of 
 about 400 or 500 acres. "What was the Duke's design 
 in acquiring this remarkable property is unknown, 
 as the castle was not habitable, but many historical 
 events connected with it are recorded. A remarkable 
 and beautifully constructed basin, built with high 
 blocks of hewn stone, forms what is termed the 
 " Nun's "Well." Sometimes it was called " St. Mary's 
 Well," a name so often given to fountains of pure 
 
 c 
 
18 BEQORDS AND BEMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 water. This was situated about thirty yards from 
 the outer moat. 
 
 At his decease the place was purchased by Joseph 
 Tudor, who bequeathed it to his nephew, William 
 Melthorpe. 
 
 The Duke's death, which occurred on the 8th of 
 August, 1750, was greatly lamented ; his remains were 
 deposited in the mausoleum, which he had himself 
 constructed, under Chichester Cathedral. 
 
 His Grace had married, at the Hague, on the 4th of 
 December, 1719, Sarah, eldest daughter and co-heir 
 of William Earl of Cadogan, and one of the Ladies 
 of the Bedchamber to Queen Caroline. She died on 
 the 25 th of August, 1751, having borne eleven children 
 to the Duke. 
 
AND THE DUKES OF BICEMOND. 19 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 THE THIRD DUKE. 
 
 Charles, the third Duke of Eichmond, born on the 
 22nd of February, 1735, was the seventh child and 
 third son of the second Duke, the first and second 
 sons dying in their infancy. 
 
 Succeeding to the title at the age of fifteen, 
 evincing great abilities and promise as a youth, the 
 liberal education so carefully and judiciously bestowed 
 upon him was not given in vain. Nature had en- 
 dowed him with capacity and good parts, which 
 he exercised with much diligence and application 
 throughout his career. 
 
 Being a minor for six or seven years after his suc- 
 cession to the title, his income accumulated consider- 
 ably, and he took advantage of this when he came 
 of age to extend and improve the Goodwood estate, 
 in fact, to render it a domain worthy of a dukedom, 
 for upon his father's death it was comparatively 
 limited, the park consisting of only about 200 acres. 
 
20 BECORDB AND BEMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 and the entire estate of not more than 1100 acres, 
 and being divided by the main road from Chichester 
 to Petworth, which passed in close proximity to the 
 house. 
 
 Notwithstanding this last obstacle to making the 
 estate private and more desirable in every way, with 
 an enclosed park, in which one of the highest am- 
 bitions of those days might be attained, viz. in 
 keeping a herd of deer, his Grace eflfected the diver- 
 sion of this road through Halnaker and the Benges, 
 about a mile and a half to the eastward of the house. 
 
 The course of the old road may now be traced 
 from the south-east corner of the Valdoe Coppice 
 through the park in front of the pheasantry, and 
 from thence on to Molecomb and Pilley Green Lodges, 
 on through East Dean and other woods to the Pet- 
 worth road. The original half-mile stones are now 
 to be found throughout the disused road, many being 
 hidden from view, overgrown by trees and bushes. 
 
 The first upon the Goodwood estate and the aban- 
 doned road, is upon the edge of the Yaldoe Coppice, 
 about a hundred yards from the Lodge gate. The 
 one in front of the pheasantry is very conspicuous, 
 and in deep cut letters marks " 4 miles from Chichester 
 Cross." AH the rest are marked in the same manner, 
 the milestones being on one side of the road and 
 the half-mile on the other. 
 
 Having effected this great improvement, his Grace 
 
CHARLES, THIRD DUKE OF RICHMOND, K.G. \ 
 
 {From a painting by Romney.') 
 
AND THE DUKES OF RICHMOND, 21 
 
 was enabled to carry out his contemplated additional 
 improvements, which he did to a very considerable 
 extent by purchasing as much of the adjoining land 
 as he was able to obtain, including Halnaker House, 
 park, and property, in 1765, for which he paid 
 £48,000. 
 
 The Westhampnett house and land, comprising 
 1800 acres ; West Lavant, Kaughmere, Stoke, Single- 
 ton, Charlton, East Dean, and Selhurst Park, were 
 added, the whole forming an estate about six miles 
 by four, with a park containing about 1214 acres, 
 which the Duke intended to surround by a wall, two- 
 thirds of which he completed. The wall which he 
 constructed was of about four miles in extent, en- 
 closing Halnaker Farm, and the preserves for game 
 were to form a portion of the enclosure of the park. 
 Therefore, to complete the circuit of the " park wall," 
 it only required connecting with the Halnaker Farm 
 wall from the Pilley Green Lodges, and from the 
 kitchen garden coppice ; whence to Pilley Green 
 Lodges, a distance of about three miles and a half, it 
 was completed, with the exception of the distance 
 from the Valdoe Lodges to the kennels, which is very 
 trifling. 
 
 His Grace having succeeded in purchasing so much 
 land adjoining the original park and estate in such 
 directions as to render the mansion, or " Goodwood 
 House," as central as possible, devoted his time. 
 
22 BECOBDS AND REMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 energies, and cultivated tastes, to the improvement 
 of his property ; designing beautiful plantations and 
 buildings, and planting valuable and ornamental 
 trees. 
 
 There are but few estates upon which a greater 
 variety of trees and shrubs flourish to the same 
 extent. 
 
 The arrangements of the various plantations in 
 every form and shape imaginable, denotes the fore- 
 sight displayed by one who was endowed with more 
 than ordinary capacity for such work. 
 
 In viewing these plantations from a distance, or 
 in walking through them, they must excite the ad- 
 miration of any one, utility being combined with 
 ornament in every direction, and selection of the 
 various spots for each variety of timber or ornamental 
 tree being most judicious, rendering the home portion 
 of the estate one of the most delightful in the 
 kingdom, and a lasting memorial of a great planter. 
 
 Among the lordly and majestic timber on the 
 estate, I must not omit to mention the glorious 
 specimens of cedars {Pinus cedrus), which are equal, 
 if not superior, to any others in this country. 
 In the years 1760-61, his Grace planted about a 
 thousand four-year-old cedars in various parts of the 
 park, and a considerable number have attained great 
 dimensions, measuring in girth at three feet from the 
 ground from 22i to 25 feet, and varying proportionally 
 
AND TEE DUKES OF BICHMOND. 23 
 
 in height. There are now about 146 of these fine 
 cedars left, many of them having succumbed to the 
 winter storms during the last thirty years. Many 
 of the larger limbs, although exceeding eleven feet 
 in circumference, were unable to support the vast 
 accumulation of snow, accompanied by high winds, 
 and were broken off, greatly to the regret of the 
 present Duke. 
 
 Having directed attention to the fine specimens of 
 cedar, I must not omit the three cork trees, a species 
 that is by no means common in England. These 
 trees grow in front of the house. They attracted the 
 attention of some foreigners who had been one day 
 to look over the racing stud. Among these was a 
 Spanish gentleman, who remarked that he had seldom 
 seen finer specimens in Spain. 
 
 They are still very fine trees, but like the cedars 
 and the biographer, they feel the effects of age. 
 Age, by the way, has destroyed some rare specimens 
 of magnolia planted on the 2nd of October, 1759, 
 which had attained, in my early days, to the (in 
 England) almost unequalled height of 22 feet, with 
 a girth of 18 inches. These fine plants gradually 
 succumbed after a life of about a hundred years. 
 
 Having written more fully about the various choice 
 trees which flourish upon the Goodwood estate than 
 I first intended, I must not omit to mention the 
 splendid specimens of the Pillirea, a kind of evergreen 
 
24 RECOBBS AND BEMINISCENGES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 oak, the growth of which has been extraordinary. 
 They even overtop huge timber trees, to the astonish- 
 ment of those who have in other districts seen them 
 only as shrubs. 
 
 In addition to the great extent of land adjoining 
 Goodwood, purchased by the third Duke, he bought 
 a quantity of outlying property, viz. 300 acres at 
 Itchenor, about 120 acres at Barnham, and 350 acres 
 at Birdham and West Wittering, and left an estate 
 of about 17,000 acres at his decease. 
 
 At Itchenor he built a sort of summer residence 
 for the yachting season, signalling from Game's Seat 
 when he required his yacht to be in readiness for him. 
 
 The third Duke having greatly enlarged the 
 Goodwood estate and secured the privacy of his 
 park, turned his attention to the erection of various 
 buildings ; these were designed by himself with no 
 little taste. 
 
 After a long search, in close proximity to the 
 park, he found sand, flints, stones, and chalk in 
 abundance. Having obtained the necessary materials 
 for building, he caused them to be prepared in the 
 most thorough manner. 
 
 He devised and constructed a mill close to the 
 sand-pit, in which the mortar was ground until 
 it was thoroughly pulverised. The labourers not 
 carrying out his instructions to the full, he fixed a 
 bell to the mill, which rang on registering a certain 
 
AND THE DUKES OF BICHMOND. 25 
 
 number of revolutions. In those days a "mortar 
 mill " was a novelty. 
 
 Had the Duke not been able to divide the main 
 road to Petworth, he intended to build the house 
 upon the site where the old icehouse stands, and 
 where " Busaco " (the charger which carried the 
 fifth Duke of Eichmond through the battles of the 
 Peninsular War) lies buried. 
 
 His Grace had several designs drawn for the new 
 house ; he even had an elaborate model made from 
 one of them at the cost of 500 guineas ; but the 
 carrying out of the design would have necessitated 
 a much larger outlay than he expected, and it was 
 consequently abandoned. 
 
 He then devised a plan to encompass the existing 
 structure by buildings of an octagonal form, with 
 eight towers ; only half of which he lived to com- 
 plete, but laid foundations for additions. The fa9ade 
 or main entrance he had constructed in wood, before 
 deciding upon the design. The kennels, built in 
 1787, with the lodges, which were built in 1789, 
 are specimens of his excellent taste. No such build- 
 ings for the comfort and occupation of dogs were 
 to be seen elsewhere. Being in view from the house, 
 they were very ornamental, and they cost £6000 
 to build. 
 
 When erecting the large number of cottages and 
 other houses, his Grace's object was to have them 
 
26 BECORDS AND BEMINISCENCE8 OF GOODWOOD 
 
 formed nearly square, with a stack of chimneys in 
 the centre, so that the flues from some of the rooms 
 might run through the walls to keep them dry and 
 the house war^n. As I have before stated, nothing 
 escaped his observation. The labour he employed 
 in completing such great undertakings was con- 
 siderable, as may be imagined. He often had as 
 many as 1200 men at work, divided into various 
 companies, over each of which was a foreman, who 
 daily took his instructions from his Grace, frequently 
 before seven o'clock a.m., the hour for commencing 
 work. 
 
 So complete was the Duke's knowledge of building 
 construction, that he furnished a plan for a new prison 
 and gaoler's house at Pet worth in 1775, which was 
 adopted. 
 
 The following appeared in a local newspaper at 
 the time : "To the judgment, perseverance, and 
 public spirit of the Duke of Kichmond, and to the 
 effectual co-operation of the magistrates of the county 
 of Sussex associated with his Grace, the public is 
 indebted for the earliest establishment of a system 
 which is destined, we believe at no distant period, 
 to shed an honourable distinction on those who were 
 instrumental to its first introduction, and which is 
 calculated to confer lasting benefits on our criminal 
 population." 
 
AND TEE DUKES OF BICHMOND. 27 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 THE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE LIFE OF THE THIRD DUKE. 
 
 The third Duke, following his father's example, chose 
 the military profession, and in 1756 was appointed 
 Lieutenant-Colonel of the 33rd regiment of foot. 
 At the end of two years he received the command 
 of the 22nd, and in 1761 he obtained the rank of 
 a Major- General. 
 
 He was appointed Lord of the Bedchamber upon 
 the accession of George III., and at the coronation 
 carried the sceptre and dove. 
 
 In 1763 he was appointed Lord-Lieutenant and 
 Custos Rotulorum of the county of Sussex, which 
 office he held till his death. 
 
 His Grace took his seat in the House of Lords in 
 1756, and attached himself to the Whig interest, 
 then led by the first Duke of Newcastle. 
 
 In 1776 he succeeded the Duke of Grafton in the 
 office of Secretary of State for the Southern Depart- 
 ment in Lord Eockingham's ministry. 
 
28 BECORDS AND BEMINIS0ENCE8 OF GOODWOOD 
 
 During tlie momentous years 1767 to 1782, the 
 Duke was uniformly in opposition. From the com- 
 mencement of the conflict he deprecated a rupture 
 with our colonies; and on the 18th of May, 1770, 
 after an introductory speech, he proposed eighteen 
 resolutions to the House of Lords, " producing one 
 of the most animated debates that ever occurred in 
 Parliament." 
 
 The errors of ministers during the four preceding 
 years were pointed out, and the future separation 
 of the Trans-Atlantic provinces from the mother 
 country was accurately predicted. 
 
 It was during the debate raised by the Duke on 
 this very same question, on the 7th of April, 1778, 
 when he urged the necessity of peace with the 
 colonies at any price, that Chatham was seized with 
 his last illness. 
 
 Not only was his Grace so thoroughly opposed to 
 the American war, but he was a great advocate of 
 Parliamentary Keform, and the measure which he 
 introduced into the House of Lords in 1781 was 
 very similar to that which in 1832 his descendant, 
 as a cabinet minister, assisted to formulate and carry 
 in the same assembly. He was in favour of annual 
 Parliaments and manhood suffrage. 
 
 His Grace became one of the most popular men in 
 the kingdom, and by his acts gained the esteem and 
 respect of all clases. He, as well as the Duke of 
 
AND TEE DUKES OF RICHMOND. 29 
 
 Norfolk and other influential persons, had joined 
 the Constitutional Society. 
 
 He became a delegate for the county of Sussex 
 for the purpose of obtaining the object in view, 
 and when the Convention assembled at St. Albans 
 tavern, his Grace was unanimously chosen President. 
 
 When in 1782 Lord North retired and the Whigs 
 again came into office under Lord Buckingham, his 
 Grace was appointed Master-General of the Ordnance, 
 a post which later on he again accepted under Pitt, 
 and which he then held until nearly the end of 1795. 
 
 During these many years his Grace directed his 
 unremitting attentions to the fortifications of this 
 country, and some of his plans to efiect his object 
 were so extensive and costly that the House of Com- 
 mons took alarm, and his proposals were set aside 
 after a division in which the casting-vote of the 
 Speaker turned the scale. 
 
 Still his Grace was unremitting in his endeavour 
 to protect our coast from invaders, and he therefore 
 was instrumental in the erection of the round or 
 Martello towers, deriving their names from similar 
 forts at Martilla Bay in Corsica, which had offered 
 a stubborn resistance to our attack, and were almost 
 impregnable to the artillery of those days. 
 
 These Martello towers extended from Hythe in 
 Kent to Seaford in Sussex, and were originally 
 seventy-four in number. They were completed in 
 
30 BECOBDS AND BEMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 1806. The one at Seaford was one of the most 
 \n/ important ; it is seated on the beach, the founda- 
 tions being very deep and wide. At the ground it 
 forms a circle of 136 feet in circumference and tapers 
 upwards, so that at the top its circumference is re- 
 duced to about ninety feet. It is thirty-two feet 
 high, and is built of brick coped with large blocks 
 of granite, the wall facing the sea being six feet 
 in thickness at the base, the strength gradually 
 diminishing as it approaches the summit, where it 
 V is two feet in thickness. 
 
 The tower contains a magazine and apartments for 
 an officer and twenty-four men, and space also for 
 one or two large guns. It is surrounded by a wide 
 and deep fosse faced by a strong wall crossed by a 
 wooden drawbridge leading to a door about halfway 
 up the tower. This Martello tower is stated to have 
 cost from £18,000 to £20,000. The others were 
 smaller and less costly. 
 
 In later years, as the destructive power of ord- 
 nance increased, it was thought useless to maintain 
 all these towers, yet the resistance which they offered 
 to demolition by modern guns was extraordinary. 
 
 On the 7th of August, 1860, a temporary battery 
 of Armstrong guns was planted to test by an assault 
 the strength of one of these towers, which was situ- 
 ated upon the beach at Pevensey, and was becoming 
 untenable by reason of the encroachment of the 
 
AND TEE DUKES OF BICHMOND, 31 
 
 sea. Three powerful cannons were selected — 
 a lOO-pounder, an 80-pounder, and a 40-pounder — 
 and the range was 1000 yards. In the presence of 
 the Duke of Cambridge, Sir J. Burgoyne, and Sir 
 W. G. Armstrong, the siege commenced. The firing 
 was excellent, but a great many rounds were fired 
 before a breach was made in the walls. So substan- 
 tial and well-built, indeed, did they prove to be that, 
 after two days' vigorous firing, the tower remained 
 standing and by no means incapable of defence. 
 
 These erections were, for a long time, devoted to 
 the prevention of smuggling by the coast blockade. 
 
 During the thirty-four years I was at Goodwood 
 in the service of that noble family, there were some 
 old servants of the third Duke of Eichmond still 
 living on the estate. Among them were " old Tom 
 Grant," the huntsman ; Henry King, the gardener ; 
 William Young, the valet ; Eichard Blunden, the 
 baker ; and Charles Tapner, at the Pheasantry ; all 
 of whom have related amusing and interesting anec- 
 dotes and stories illustrating the peculiarities and 
 good qualities of their old master, of whom they 
 spoke in the highest praise and with much at- 
 tachment. Although he was considered a strict 
 disciplinarian, all were anxious to enter his service. 
 
 As I have before stated, his Grace was a very 
 early riser, and gave close attention to every detail 
 of business connected with the estate. 
 
32 BECORBS AND REMINISCENQES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 Tom Grant sometimes experienced his Grace's 
 rather severe rebukes. Upon one occasion, after a 
 long and severe run with what his Grace considered 
 a most excellent fox, and the day fast drawing to a 
 close, the Duke, riding up to Tom, said, " I think, 
 sir, I had better send home for a candle and lantern 
 for you, as you seem determined to kill this excellent 
 fox. Whip off the hounds immediately, and take 
 them home." As the hounds were rather close upon 
 the fox. Grant had some difficulty in stopping them, 
 at which his Grace was very angry, for fear the 
 hounds should run into their prey. The Duke's 
 friends who dined with him that night expressed 
 the opinion that he had been rather hasty with his 
 huntsman, as they thought, under the circum- 
 stances. Grant was not to blame. "If you think 
 so, I'll send for Grant and hear what he has to 
 say." Upon the huntsman's appearance the Duke 
 said, "I am told, Tom, I abused you to-day. If I 
 did, you must not heed it ; " and, pouring out a glass 
 of wine, added, " There is a glass of wine for you, but 
 you don't deserve it." Tom replied, "If I do not 
 deserve it, your Grace, I had better not have it." 
 " Drink it. Grant," said one of the guests ; " the Duke 
 will be in a better humour when he finds the same 
 fox again." 
 
 The Duke hunted early in the morning, especially 
 in the cub season. 
 
AND THE DUKES OF BICHMOND. 33 
 
 Grant knew well his master's early habits, and, 
 one day, wanting to see him before taking the 
 hounds out, left the kennels before daybreak, so as 
 to be at the House before any one was about. To 
 his astonishment, he met the Duke plodding across 
 the park with a load on his shoulders. 
 
 When they met, the Duke said, " This is too fine 
 a morning, Grant, to go out hunting whilst there is 
 corn to harvest. We had better get that field of 
 corn in ; so I have brought some rakes and forks for 
 the men to work with." Ardently fond as his Grace 
 was of hunting, he would abandon it for important 
 business, and all in his employ had to assist in any 
 emergency. Anecdotes related by other old servants 
 equally prove his vigilance and his love of early 
 rising. Some of the household servants were re- 
 turning home at an early hour one morning, after 
 having spent the night at a festivity at Chichester, 
 four miles distant. When, upon approaching the 
 archway into the stable-yard, the foremost of them 
 observed the Duke standing there and passed the 
 word back, "The old Duke is standing at the arch- 
 way," Kichard Blunden, the baker, who was one of 
 the hindmost, and not in sight of the Duke, pulled 
 off his coat, and placing it under one of the piles of 
 faggots stacked for his own use, turned up his shirt 
 sleeves, took some faggots upon his back, and quietly 
 proceeded as if about his business. 
 
34 BEQOBBS AND BEMINISGENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 " There now," said tlie Duke, " you are an indus- 
 trious man, getting on with your work in good time, 
 and a pattern to those other disorderly fellows who 
 turn night into day." Henry King, afterwards head 
 kitchen-gardener, was formerly foreman and over- 
 looker of the woodmen and labourers. When his 
 Grace in the year 1800 formed a racecourse — which 
 now is part of the present course — King was overseer 
 of the works. Numbers of men were employed, and 
 he had orders to keep strict time, from 7 a.m. to 
 5 p.m., and not to suffer any irregularities. One 
 morning King did not reach the works until 7.15 
 a.m. The Duke was awaiting his arrival. Putting 
 his watch back fifteen minutes, he advanced towards 
 the Duke, who said, " You are a nice sort of man, 
 sir, to have so many men under you, and to set them 
 such a bad example. I have lost just so much by 
 your laziness ; so many men idle for a quarter of an 
 hour has cost me just so much." King produced his 
 watch, stating that it was but a few minutes past 
 seven ; to which his Grace replied, " It was more 
 than a quarter past by the Goodwood clock." King 
 then said '' he did not see the Goodwood clock once 
 a month ; the men commenced work by his watch, 
 and left off by it ; " which was perfectly true. His 
 Grace's reply was, "Oh, if you begin and leave off 
 work by your watch, it is the same as though you 
 kept the Goodwood clock time." 
 
AND THE DUKES OF RICHMOND, 35 
 
 The Duke took great delight in keeping choice 
 birds and animals in the *'high wood" and pleasure- 
 grounds. Eequiring a capable man to attend to 
 them, he engaged Tapner, with strict orders to be 
 there every morning at four o'clock, for as it was 
 summer time he wished the birds, etc., to be fed 
 early. Upon Tapner's arrival in the high wood on 
 the first morning, at four o'clock sharp, he was a 
 little surprised to find the Duke waiting for him. 
 
 A further example of this nobleman's acuteness 
 may be related. When the Earl of Egremont gave 
 up his hounds, he offered them to his Grace, or so 
 many of them as he might choose to select, and the 
 Duke stating that he only wished to take a part of 
 them, the Earl sent Luke Freeman (the huntsman) 
 with the whole pack for the Duke to select what he 
 would like, saying that Luke himself might have the 
 remainder. His Grace was of course unable to pick out 
 the best hounds at sight, so he told Freeman to draft 
 those out he most fancied and ride away with them. 
 
 The huntsman needed no time to make his selec- 
 tion, and quickly made off with! them. On reaching 
 the park gates he found the Duke there before him. 
 " Well, Freeman," said he, " what have you got ? 
 The youngest and best, I expect ? " Freeman ad- 
 mitted he had drafted the most useful animals. 
 " Very good," said the Duke ; " leave those for me. 
 You shall have the rest for your share." 
 
36 RECORDS AND REMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 When the Prince Eegent (afterwards George IV.) 
 visited Goodwood to hunt with the Duke, his Koyal 
 Highness was so struck with the working of one of 
 the hounds, that in going over the kennels the next 
 day he offered the Duke five hundred guineas for 
 it. His Grace refused. " There never was a dog 
 worth five hundred guineas. If your Eoyal High- 
 ness will accept it, it will give me great pleasure." 
 The Prince felt himself unable to accept the offer, 
 greatly to the delight of Tom Grant, who related 
 the circumstance to me. 
 
AND TEE DUKE8 OF RICBMOND, 37 
 
 CHAPTEE V. 
 
 THE THIRD DUKE AS A SPORTSMAN. 
 
 I HAVE dealt with the public and private character 
 of the third Duke of Kichmond ; I will now endea- 
 vour to depict him as a British sportsman. 
 
 Hunting was his prime delight, and he spared no 
 expense to collect a pack of hounds equal, if not 
 superior, to any in Britain, and to make their kennels 
 the perfection of cleanliness and order. 
 
 The rooms occupied as kennels were very spacious, 
 being about thirty-six feet by fifteen feet, and lofty 
 in proportion, and on one side they were partly 
 lined with large iron plates, which were heated at 
 the back by huge fires when required. 
 
 His Grace employed two men, one during the day 
 and the other during the night, for six weeks, in 
 order that a fractured leg might be perfectly united, 
 the dog having been ridden over when out with 
 the pack. This attention was so successful that the 
 hound ultimately joined the chase, to the great 
 
38 BEGORDS AND BEMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 delight of the Duke. The same consideration and 
 fair-play as a sportsman his Grace even extended 
 to a fox, as under no circumstances would he permit 
 assistance to be rendered to the hounds by a " view 
 holloa," and when drawing a cover " to find," he 
 would not allow any one to be on the outside of it 
 to head or view the fox. Should his Grace observe 
 any one disregarding this caution, he would immedi- 
 ately ride up to the delinquent with some sharp 
 cracks of his whip, crying, " Hark to cover ! Hark to 
 cover ! " 
 
 If any attempt was made by any one to assist the 
 hounds, his Grace would say, *'If you can hunt the 
 fox better than my hounds, I will send Grant (the 
 huntsman) home with them;" which he would 
 actually do if the caution were disregarded. The 
 effect of this custom was that the hounds never 
 raised their heads to expect (as many hounds do) a 
 ''view holloa." The cry of the hounds and the 
 sound of the horn was all the notice allowed to be 
 given, on a fox breaking cover. If a fox were run 
 to earth, or sought refuge out of reach of the hounds, 
 not the slightest assistance was permitted to be 
 rendered to the pack. I have often heard Tom 
 Grant relate how disappointed he has been at 
 peremptory orders to whip off the hounds when, 
 after a long run, the fox was dying before the dogs 
 at the close of day. His Grace would ride up to 
 
AND THE DUKES OF RICHMOND. 39 
 
 him with his usual ejaculation, when not well pleased : 
 " Sir, whip off the hounds immediately, or I must 
 send for a candle and lantern for you." Such was 
 his Grace's desire to give fair-play to a good fox, that 
 once, after a capital run, the fox having sought 
 refuge upon the porch of Waltham Church, which 
 was covered with ivy, but not sufficiently to conceal 
 his brush from the view of his pursuers, who with 
 their whips were trying to dislodge him, the noble 
 Master rode up in great haste and anger, asking 
 them to desist, and exclaiming, ** Why do you want 
 to murder such a fox ? leave him alone. He has 
 shown you a good day's sport, and if left will show 
 you another." 
 
 The excellence of these hounds and the popularity 
 of their Master, the third Duke of Eichmond, may 
 be illustrated by the following incident. Some 
 Leicestershire gentlemen had been invited to hunt at 
 Goodwood, and had brought some stout hunters with 
 them, to keep up the reputation of their county. 
 " The meet," as usual, being at eight o'clock a.m., the 
 pack were soon upon the track of a fox, which 
 they could only find, however, by " fits and starts," 
 whereupon one of the strangers remarked to Tom 
 Grant, " If this is what you call hunting, we know 
 nothing about it. There is no pace in the pack that 
 you boast so much about." Eventually old Eeynard 
 was unkennelled, and went straight across the country 
 
40 BECOBDS AND JREMINI80ENCE8 OF GOODWOOD 
 
 for nine or ten miles, when he was run into and 
 killed in an open field, only Tom Grant and one or 
 two others i being in at the death. Keturning home, 
 Tom met the Leicestershire gentlemen, when he 
 asked them if the pace had been good enough for 
 them ; to which they replied they " never followed 
 such hounds before, and that the pack was fully 
 entitled to all the fame it possessed." 
 
 I have often heard Grant relate many peculiarities 
 of the "Old Duke," showing what a true sportsman 
 he was, and how popular with the very large field 
 that met to enjoy the chase with him. 
 
 His Grace established racing upon a more extended 
 scale than had previously existed at Goodwood, and 
 he formed a race-course, upon a portion of which the 
 races are now run, and built a wooden race-stand, 
 which stood not far from where the half-mile starting- 
 post is now placed. 
 
 In the Sporting Magazine for April, 1801, is the 
 following notice : " The new race-course on the 
 Harroway near Goodwood, the seat of his Grace 
 the Duke of Kichmond, is now completely formed 
 for sport, and much admired by the acknowledged 
 amateurs of the Turf" The following appeared in 
 a newspaper published at Chichester, May 5, 1802 : 
 " To the efforts of equestrian skill is to be added the 
 princely and almost unprecedented munificence of the 
 noble founder of the Goodwood Races, in providing 
 
AND THE DUKES OF RICHMOND. 41 
 
 the new erected stand witli a collation which might 
 be entitled a general refrigarium, for the access was 
 as easy as the reception was elegant and hospitable. 
 The thanks of the county in general, and of this city 
 and its vicinity in particular, are largely due to his 
 Grace the Duke of Eichmond for having thus muni- 
 ficently and liberally instituted an establishment of 
 most material local benefit in every point of view, 
 both as a source of pecuniary advantage to the 
 inhabitants, and as a means of forwarding to notice, 
 and increasing the consequence of this western part 
 of the county ! We can only add our wish that the 
 illustrious founder may for years enjoy in health and 
 happiness this promising scion, planted by his own 
 hand, a wish in which we shall be joined by all true 
 Sussex patriots." 
 
 His Grace did not live long after the completion of 
 this additional sporting enterprise, but in it he had 
 laid the foundation of what has become the most 
 complete and enjoyable race meeting in the kingdom, 
 and is justly styled " Glorious Goodwood." 
 
 After his Grace's retirement from the ofiice of 
 Master-General of the Ordnance, in 1795, he lived 
 almost wholly at Goodwood, personally superin- 
 tending extensive alterations and improvements, 
 which he lived to carry into effect, in a great 
 measure. 
 
 The following notice, which appeared in a local 
 
42 BEC0BB8 AND BEMINIS0ENGE8 OF GOODWOOD 
 
 newspaper, evidences his popularity : " The Duke of 
 Kichmond is acknowledged to have been one of the 
 greatest men of his day, and to have derived this 
 greatness neither from his rank nor from his fortune, 
 which he had by prudent economy in his establish- 
 ment greatly increased, but by his talents and 
 abilities alone." 
 
 He died at Goodwood, on the 29th of December, 
 1806, in the seventieth year of his age, and was 
 buried in the family vault in the cathedral church 
 of Chichester. 
 
AND THE DUKES OF BICHMOND. 43 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 THE FOURTH DUKE. 
 
 Charles, the fourth Duke of Eiclimond, was the son 
 of Lord George Henry Lennox (a brother to the 
 third Duke), and was born at Molecomb, in 1764, 
 succeeding to the title and estates in 1806. 
 
 He was one of the most fearless of men. It was 
 said by his fellow officers in the Army, that if it were 
 necessary to enter a lion's den in discharge of duty, 
 then his Grace would be one of the first to volunteer. 
 
 Like his ancestors, he chose the profession of arms, 
 and obtained a commission in the Coldstream Guards, 
 soon afterwards commanded by the Duke of York, 
 and in due time he obtained a company with the 
 rank of Lieutenant- Colonel. 
 
 In 1795 he became Colonel ; in 1803 he was 
 nominated to the command of the 35th Regiment; 
 and in 1814, after passing through the intermediate 
 gradations of Major- General and Lieutenant-General, 
 he was gazetted full General. 
 
44 RECORDS AND REMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 While in the Guards an unfortunate misunder- 
 standing occurred between his Grace (then Colonel 
 Lennox) and the Duke of York, which resulted in a 
 duel. It is thus alluded to by Colonel Mackinnon in 
 his history of the Coldstream Guards : " The dispute 
 originated in an observation made by his Koyal 
 Highness, that Colonel Lennox had been addressed 
 by an individual at the Club at Daubigney's in a 
 manner that no gentleman ought to permit. The 
 observation being reported to Colonel Lennox, he took 
 the opportunity on parade to inquire of his Koyal 
 Highness what were the words, and by whom they 
 were spoken ; to this his Eoyal Highness gave no 
 other answer than by ordering the Colonel to his post. 
 
 " The parade being over, his Koyal Highness went 
 into the orderly-room and sent for Colonel Lennox, 
 when he intimated to him, in the presence of the 
 officers of the Coldstreams, that he desired to derive 
 no protection either from his rank as a Prince, or his 
 situation as Commanding officer ; and that off duty 
 he wore a brown coat, and was ready, as a private 
 individual, to give Colonel Lennox the satisfaction 
 required by one gentleman from another. After this 
 declaration. Colonel Lennox wrote a circular to every 
 member of Daubigney's Club, requesting them to 
 inform him whether the words, as stated, had been 
 addressed to him, and desiring an answer from each 
 member by the following morning ; adding that he 
 
CHABLES, FOURTH DUKE OF RICHMOND, B'.G," *" * " 
 \(Fro'm a painting by Jackscn,^ 
 
AND THE DUKES OF RICHMOND. 45 
 
 should consider silence on the subject as an acknow- 
 ledgment that no such words could be recollected. 
 After the time named for an answer to his circular 
 letter, Colonel Lennox sent a written message to the 
 following purport : That not being able to recollect 
 any occasion on which words were used towards him 
 at Daubigney's, that ought not to be addressed to a 
 gentleman, he had taken steps which appeared most 
 likely to gain information on the subject to which 
 his Eoyal Highness had made allusion, and of the 
 party by whom they were used; that none of the 
 members of the Club had afforded him any infor- 
 mation, and consequently that no such insult had 
 been offered him to their knowledge, and therefore 
 he expected, in justice to his character, that his 
 Eoyal Highness would contradict the report as 
 publicly as it had been asserted by him. 
 
 " This letter was delivered to the Duke of York the 
 same day by the Earl of Winchilsea. His Eoyal 
 Highness' answer not proving satisfactory, a message 
 was sent by Colonel Lennox to appoint a meeting ; 
 the time and place were then settled." 
 
 The seconds gave the following account of the 
 unfortunate affair : "In consequence of this mis- 
 understanding, his Eoyal Highness the Duke of York, 
 attended by Lord Eawdon, and Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Lennox, accompanied by the Earl of Winchilsea, met 
 at Wimbledon Common. The ground was measured 
 
46 EEC ORBS AND REMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 twelve paces, and botli parties were to fire together. 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Lennox's ball grazed liis Koyal 
 Highness' curl ; but the Duke of York did not fire. 
 Lord Kawdon then interfered and said he thought 
 enough had been done, when Colonel Lennox answered 
 that his Koyal Highness had not fired. Lord Eawdon 
 replied it was not the intention of the Duke to fire ; 
 his Eoyal Highness entertained no animosity against 
 Lieutenant- Colonel Lennox, and had only come out 
 on his invitation to give him satisfaction. Colonel 
 Lennox wished the Duke to fire, which he declined 
 with a repetition of the reason. 
 
 " Lord Winchilsea then expressed a hope that his 
 Koyal Highness would not object to say he considered 
 Colonel Lennox a man of courage and honour. His 
 Highness replied that he should say no such thing ; 
 he had come out with the intention of giving Colonel 
 Lennox the satisfaction he demanded, but did not 
 mean to fire at him ; if Colonel Lennox was not 
 satisfied, he might have another shot. Colonel 
 Lennox declared that he could not possibly fire again, 
 as his Royal Highness did not mean to return it. The 
 seconds signed a paper stating that both parties 
 behaved with most perfect coolness, courage, and 
 intrepidity. 
 
 " Colonel Lennox called a meeting of the ofiicers of 
 the Coldstreams, to deliberate and give their opinion 
 whether in the late dispute he behaved as became an 
 
AND TEE DUKES OF RICHMOND, 47 
 
 officer and a gentleman. After much discussion they 
 came to the following resolution : ' It is the opinion of 
 the Coldstream Eegiment, that subsequently to the 
 15th of May, the day of the meeting at the orderly- 
 room, Lieutenant-Colonel Lennox has behaved with 
 courage ; but from the peculiar difficulty of his 
 situation, not with judgment/ The unusual, if not 
 unprecedented occurrence of a Prince of the Blood, 
 and one so near the throne, voluntarily placing his life 
 in such imminent peril, created at the time a strong 
 sensation." 
 
 A rather remarkable coincidence in connection with 
 the unfortunate affair occurred in 1825, when his 
 Eoyal Highness visited his Grace the fifth Duke. 
 
 Upon being shown over the house by Lord William 
 Lennox (his Grace's brother), and entering a small 
 room off the library, called " The Study," which his 
 Grace appropriated to magisterial and other business, 
 and where were deposited in a glass case various 
 guns, swords, pistols, etc., his Royal Highness' 
 attention was attracted by a pair of duelling pistols, 
 and after remarking upon their maker, he added that 
 he did not think they had ever been used. These 
 were the identical pistols from which his Eoyal 
 Highness so narrowly escaped serious injury on 
 Wimbledon Common. 
 
 In 1807 his Grace the fourth Duke was appointed 
 Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, in which country he spent 
 
48 BECOBBS AND REMINISOENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 six years, and was very popular. His absence from 
 Goodwood was greatly regretted by all upon the 
 estate and in the immediate neighbourhood. 
 
 The sports which the previous Duke indulged in 
 with so much zest, viz. hunting, shooting, and racing, 
 were now prosecuted upon a greatly reduced scale. 
 His Grace's popularity was so great that, although he 
 was absent from Goodwood when his son the Earl of 
 March came of age, on the 3rd of August, 1812, the 
 tenants, tradesmen, and friends held a fete-champetre 
 in the park to celebrate the occasion. 
 
 Upon drinking the health of the noble Earl, the 
 
 following lines, penned by a gentleman present, were 
 
 read — 
 
 " I have not seen the ingenuous youth 
 For whom the cup of Bacchus flows ; 
 But may the meed of love and truth 
 Attend him wheresoe'er he goes. 
 May honour (guard of noble souls) 
 Around him throw her sevenfold shield ; 
 And as his much-lov'd country calls, 
 Begird him in the tented field. 
 May patriot ardour fire his breast ; 
 Be his the statesman's steady zeal ; 
 By Albion, and by Erin blest, 
 As safegi^ard to the common weal. 
 Thus may his moments glide along ; 
 His country's boast, his father's pride ; 
 His actions live in deathless song. 
 And England claim him as her guide." 
 
 Upon his Grace's return from Ireland, in 1813, he 
 
CHARLES, FIFTH DUKE OF RICHMOND, K.G. 
 CFrom a painting hy Samuel Lane.) 
 
AND TEE LUKES OF RICHMOND. 49 
 
 entertained the Emperor of Eussia, his sister, and the 
 Grand Duke of Oldenburgh, who expressed themselves 
 highly delighted with the splendid hospitality with 
 which they were received by their noble host and 
 hostess, as well as with the beauties of the place. 
 The Duchess of Eichmond was Lady Charlotte, eldest 
 daughter of Alexander, Duke of Gordon, and was 
 married to his Grace in 1783. Through her the 
 honours and estates of " Gordon " descended to the 
 fifth Duke of Eichmond. 
 
 Not long after his Grace's return from Ireland, he 
 retired to Brussels, and having for years maintained 
 a great personal friendship with the Duke of 
 Wellington, he frequently entertained the Duke and 
 his suite, and it was at the famous ball given by the 
 Duchess of Eichmond on the 15th of June, 1815, that 
 Wellington received the news of the French advance. 
 On the morning of the 18th, the Duke of Eichmond 
 rode out to Waterloo to shake hands with his great 
 friend, the Duke of Wellington, and to see his two 
 sons, the then Earl of March and Lord George 
 Lennox, who were actively employed — the Earl of 
 March as aide-de-camp to the hereditary Prince of 
 Holland, and Lord George on the Commander-in- 
 Chiefs staff. 
 
 A remarkable incident is recorded of the Duke of 
 Eichmond at Waterloo. As the Enniskillings were 
 on the point of advancing across the Wavre road to 
 
50 BECOBDS AND BEMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 charge, an individual in plain clothes on their left 
 called out, " Now's your time." 
 
 This was his Grace, who, though he held no rank 
 in the army, followed his old friend the Duke of 
 Wellington through all the dangers of the day, and 
 even rode into the squares of infantry while under 
 the fire of the enemy. 
 
 I have often heard Peter Soar, his coachman, relate 
 many heroic and dauntless acts of his Grace, who 
 in his ordinary daily life aud appearance was most 
 unostentatious and amiable. 
 
 On the morning after this memorable battle, Peter 
 Soar drove his Grace, the Earl of March, and Lord 
 George Lennox over the field of Waterloo, which 
 presented such a sight, the old coachman said, as he 
 hoped never again to witness. 
 
 Soar brought a large number of trophies and 
 curiosities from the field of battle; and one which 
 he valued greatly was a remarkably handsome terrier 
 bitch, which was found lying upon the body of its 
 master, who had been fearfully mutilated, and whose 
 cuirass, which Soar brought home, was completely 
 riddled. This beautiful bitch was most faithful to 
 Soar, and he called her " Nelly." 
 
 Soon after this period, viz. 1818, the Duke of 
 Eichmond was appointed Governor-General of the 
 British settlements in North America, and his son- 
 in-law, Sir Charles Maitland, was at the same time 
 nominated Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada. 
 
AND THE DUKES OF BIGEMOND. 51 
 
 But the Duke enjoyed but a brief tenure of his office, 
 as he died in Canada, on the 28th of August, 1819. 
 
 About the middle of June in that year, the Duke, 
 who had resolved to visit the Upper Provinces, and 
 inspect the outposts under his command, left Quebec 
 on his way to Montreal in a Government ship. 
 
 The first station he visited was Mount Henry, or 
 Sorel, on the south bank of the St. Lawrence, about 
 120 miles from Quebec, and it was there that the 
 accident took place which was destined to prove fatal. 
 
 A pet fox belonging to a private of the small 
 garrison, was being worried by a dog, and, on at- 
 tempting to separate them, the Duke was bitten by 
 one of the animals. As the wound was but a slight 
 one, he paid no attention to it, and proceeded to 
 Montreal, and thence up the country, accompanied 
 only by Colonel Cockburn, D.Q.M.G., and Major 
 Bowles, the military secretary. By the time the 
 Duke reached Kingston the wound had completely 
 healed, and when his two sons, Lords William and 
 Frederick, joined him at Niagara, the circumstance 
 had almost been forgotten. 
 
 After a visit to Drummond's Island the Duke 
 returned to Kingston, where he remained for a week 
 in the highest spirits, playing racquets and cricket 
 with the officers of the garrison. 
 
 As the Duke wished to inaugurate a new town- 
 ship, to be called in his name, Eichmondville, and 
 
52 EEC ORB B AND BEMINI8CENGES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 there being no road leading to it, it was arranged 
 that the party should proceed on foot. All the 
 authorities, civil and military, were invited to dine 
 under canvas with the Duke, and a very merry party 
 left Kingston for the purpose. 
 
 The Duke appeared unusually well ; he walked the 
 greater part of the distance, and sat down to dinner 
 in high spirits. 
 
 After a very convivial evening the party broke 
 up ; and the only alloy to the general pleasure was 
 a remark the Duke accidentally let fall while sipping 
 his claret. He said to Colonel Cockburn, " I don't 
 know how it is, Cockburn, but I cannot relish my 
 wine to-night, as usual ; and I feel that if I were 
 a dog I should be shot as a mad one." 
 
 Both Colonel Cockburn and Major Bowles were 
 alarmed at this remark ; and that alarm was height- 
 ened the next morning when they found their chief 
 feverish and unwell. Towards evening he grew so 
 much worse that Major Bowles despatched a messenger 
 to Montreal to announce to the Duke's daughters and 
 sons their father's sudden and alarming illness. 
 
 In the evening the Duke rallied a little, and 
 ordered his valet to prepare him some port-wine 
 negus and dry toast ; but on putting it to his lips he 
 shuddered and exclaimed, " I cannot drink it ! " The 
 next morning the Duke was determined to reach 
 Montreal at all risks, and procure medical attendance ; 
 
AND THE DUKES OF BICEMOND, 53 
 
 and his friends were further alarmed at hearing 
 from his valet that his master shrunk from his daily 
 ablutions, and could only endure a wet towel on his 
 hands and face. 
 
 In order to expedite the journey, a canoe was 
 brought to the nearest point of the river bank. 
 Leaning on the arms of his companions, the Duke 
 approached the waterside ; but on coming within 
 a few yards of it he was seized with the most violent 
 spasms. Still, with desperate resolution he forced 
 himself onward, exclaiming, "Charles Lennox never 
 yet was afraid of anything." 
 
 As soon as his Grace had taken his seat in the 
 boat, the boatman pushed off, and some hope was 
 entertained that the crisis had passed over. This 
 was, however, not to be realized, for in a few seconds 
 the Duke was attacked by a fresh paroxysm, and in 
 a frenzied tone commanded the boatman to row to 
 the bank. The order was instantly obeyed, and on 
 approaching the shore, the Duke leaped from the 
 boat and made for an adjoining wood. 
 
 Colonel Cockburn, who was mounted upon his 
 horse, galloped up to him, and procured aid to 
 convey him to a neighbouring farm-house. The 
 Duke's sufferings were so agonizing that he begged 
 to be carried still further from the river. This 
 request was promptly complied with, and he was 
 removed to a barn in the rear of the house, where 
 
54 BECORBS AND MEMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 a rude bed of clean straw was hastily prepared for 
 him. From this moment it was visible that death 
 was at hand, and the Duke himself was conscious 
 of the fa^t.* Perfectly calm and collected, he gave his 
 old friend Major Bowles his parting instructions, and, 
 after a few hours of intense agony, this revered noble- 
 man breathed his last. His body was removed to 
 Quebec, and, after lying in state in the chateau, was 
 buried beneath the communion-table of the cathedral. 
 My authority for this account of the sad end of the 
 Duke is the late Lord William Pitt Lennox, and a friend 
 who was with his father at the time, and wrote it 
 to contradict the various erroneous assertions made 
 upon the matter — some, no doubt, from unfriendly 
 motives, as witness the following : " The late Duke 
 of Eichmond was Irish all over — frank, benevolent, 
 sanguine, expensive, a lover of sporting men and an 
 occasional carouse, bound hand and foot to the narrow 
 policy of the Castlereagh ministry. The Duke died 
 of hydrophobia, very distressingly, in the backwoods 
 of the Eiver Ottawa." 
 
 * "In his moments of delirium he never uttered a sentence or 
 expression which his best friends would wish to have concealed. 
 He dwelt particularly on the comfort he felt on leaving the world 
 in perfect charity with all mankind, and most earnestly begged 
 Colonel Cockburn and myself (Major Bowles) to forgive all the 
 world as sincerely as he did, if we wished to die as happily as he 
 did. He preserved his affection for his little spaniel to the last 
 moment of his recollection, and in the midst of violent pain would 
 sometimes call out to him in his natural tone and voice." 
 
AND THE DUKES OF RICHMOND. 55 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 [the friendship of the duke of WELLINGTON. 
 
 The story of his closing hours affords ample proofs 
 of the courage, tenacity, and self-control with which 
 the fourth Duke was gifted, and of his determination 
 to do his duty to the very last. It may also serve 
 as a warning to others not to neglect the slightest 
 wound inflicted by an animal of the canine race. 
 
 His Grace, having to reside in Ireland some four 
 or five years as Viceroy, gave the famous Goodwood 
 pack of foxhounds to the Prince Regent in 1813, 
 as Tom Grant, the old huntsman, said, " to hunt 
 donkeys." Strange to say, they very soon after- 
 wards developed symptoms of rabies, and were all 
 destroyed — a remarkable coincidence. 
 
 A personal friendship existed for many years 
 between his Grace and the Duke of Wellington. 
 
 o 
 
 The " Iron Duke," when Sir Arthur Wellesley, com- 
 manded a brigade in the Sussex district ; and when 
 the Duke of Richmond was appointed Lord-Lieutenant 
 
56 BECORDS AND BEMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 of Ireland, Sir Arthur Wellesley was Chief Secretary. 
 This brought them almost daily in communication. 
 They were nearly of the same age, the Duke of 
 Eichmond being five years the senior. This mutual 
 regard and esteem increased, and was uninterrupted 
 till death separated them. 
 
 The great warrior liked to have children and 
 young people around him, and took special interest 
 in Lady Georgiana, the third daughter of the Duke 
 of Eichmond, from her childhood. 
 
 When her father was appointed Lord-Lieutenant 
 of Ireland in 1807, the little lady, then twelve years 
 of age, used to ride with Sir Arthur Wellesley every 
 day when he went from the Vice-Eegal Lodge, in the 
 Phoenix Park, to the Dublin Gate, where his offices 
 were. 
 
 At the jubilee of George III., celebrated in Dublin 
 in October, 1809, Lady Georgiana and her sisters 
 accompanied Sir Arthur to witness the festivities of 
 the Irish metropolis. The illumination of Dublin was 
 carried out on a scale and with a splendour which 
 London had never witnessed. 
 
 The reception the Duke and Duchess of Eichmond 
 met with at every point was enthusiastic. No more 
 popular Lord-Lieutenant ever occupied the royal seat 
 in Ireland, and her Grace was also a great favourite 
 with all classes. 
 
 In 1814 the Duke of Eichmond went to Brussels 
 
AND THE DUKES OF BICEMOND. 57 
 
 to reside, where there were already many English 
 families, who amused themselves frequently with 
 balls and other entertainments. At the frequent 
 reviews and inspections of the troops. Lady Georgiana 
 was generally to be seen on horseback, among the 
 staff-officers who surrounded the Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 One day in June, 1815, the officers wanted to have 
 a pleasure-party or excursion from Brussels. They 
 begged Lady Georgiana to ask the Duke of Wel- 
 lington's leave. 
 
 When her Ladyship mentioned it to him, he at 
 once said, " No ; better let that drop," well knowing 
 the danger which might arise from the French out- 
 posts. For some time prior to the 15 th of June, 
 rumours of the approach of the French had cir- 
 culated, but not much importance was attached 
 to them; and so little were they heeded that the 
 Duchess of Richmond gave her great ball on the eve 
 of the 15th of June, to which 175 invitations were 
 issued, a list of which Lady Georgiana Lennox, after- 
 wards Lady de Ros, furnished in the reminiscences 
 of her family and friends, published by Mr. John 
 Murray in 1893. 
 
 Her Ladyship wrote these reminiscences when in 
 her ninety-sixth year, and their precision and accu- 
 racy are unquestionable. She states that when the 
 Duke of Wellington arrived rather late at the ball, 
 she was dancing, but at once went up to him to ask 
 
58 BECORDS AND BEMINISGENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 about the rumours. He gravely replied, " Yes ; they 
 are true. We are off to-morrow," which news circu- 
 lated immediately. Some of the officers hurriedly left 
 the ballroom to make necessary preparations ; others 
 remained, and actually had no time to change their 
 clothes, but fought in evening costume. 
 
 "I went," states Lady de Eos, "with my eldest 
 brother — aide-de-camp to the Prince of Orange — to 
 his house to help him to pack up, and then returned 
 to the ballroom. 
 
 " It was a dreadful evening, taking leave of friends 
 and acquaintances, many never to be seen again. 
 The Duke of Brunswick, upon taking leave of me, 
 made a civil speech, stating the Brunswickers were 
 sure to distinguish themselves after the 'honour' I 
 had done them by my having accompanied the Duke 
 of Wellington to their review. The first news we 
 had on the 16th was that he and Lord Hay — whom 
 I knew very well — were killed." At the ball supper, 
 her Ladyship states that she sat next to the Duke of 
 Wellington, when he gave her a miniature painting 
 of himself. " In the course of the evening the noble 
 Chief asked my father for a map of the country he 
 possessed ; and went into his study, putting his 
 finger on Waterloo, saying the battle would be fought 
 there. My father marked the spot with his pencil, 
 but alas ! this map was lost or stolen, as it never 
 returned from Canada with his other possessions. 
 
AND TEE DUKES OF BICEMOND. 59 
 
 " Many families and individuals naturally left 
 Brussels at once, and we had post-horses in the 
 stables; but the noble Chief promised to send us 
 word if we were to leave. 
 
 "On the 16th came the dispiriting news of Quatre 
 Bras and the death of many friends. 
 
 "On the 18th we walked about nearly all the 
 morning, being unable to sit quiet, hearing the 
 firing, and not knowing what was happening. Many 
 wounded officers were brought into Brussels, the 
 first sight of which upon litters was sickening, and 
 filled us with intense anxiety to know who they were. 
 
 "Messages were sent to us that our brother was 
 safe. 
 
 " Amongst the wounded we saw brought in, were 
 Lord Uxbridge (afterwards Marquis of Anglesea), 
 Lord Fitzroy Somerset (afterwards Lord Eaglan), 
 and the Prince of Orange, to whom my brother 
 March was aide-de-camp ; and before going after 
 some men to carry him ofiP the field, tore out of his 
 hat the orange cockade to prevent his being recog- 
 nized. The Prince always said this thoughtful 
 precaution probably saved his life. 
 
 "We had," says her Ladyship, "a fearful alarm 
 during the day, as the Cumberland Hussars (a Hano- 
 verian regiment) came full gallop through Brussels, 
 saying the allied army was defeated, and that the 
 French were arriving in the town. 
 
60 EECORBS AND BEMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 " Not mucli credit was given to this report. Al- 
 though alarming, the truth was soon known, that 
 these hussars had been pursued, and, upon hearing 
 the whistle of shots about their ears, wheeled round 
 and left the field ! 
 
 "During the 16th, 17th, and for many succeeding 
 days, we were employed in preparing lint and other 
 necessaries for the wounded. In the evening of the 
 1 8th the brilliant victory was known in Brussels, and 
 most thankful we were that those most dear to us 
 had been mercifully protected, and that war was at 
 an end, although the losses were fearfully great. 
 
 "The next morning the great Duke arrived in 
 Brussels, and about 10 a.m. my father and I walked 
 up to his house, upon entering which my father 
 inquired for the Chief, who sent word he would join 
 us in the park, which he soon did, and took a turn 
 with us. He looked very sad, and when we shook 
 hands and congratulated him, he said, ' It is a dearly 
 bought victory. We have lost so many fine fellows.' 
 My father asked him to dinner, but he refused, stating 
 his reason for coming into Brussels was, that he had 
 given up his bed to poor Sir Alexander Gordon, who 
 was dying of his wounds, and whose groans were so 
 distressing that he could not get on writing his 
 despatches, so rode into Brussels. 
 
 " On the 28th he wrote me a few lines from Orville, 
 about a proposal to have a copy made of the 
 
AND TEE DUKES OF BIGEMOND. 61 
 
 miniature lie had given me, of which the following 
 is a copy, 
 
 «*Omlle, June 23rd, 1815. 
 
 "*Deaeest Georgy, 
 
 " ' I am much obliged to you for the embroidery (a sash 
 1 had embroidered for him). If you give your picture the painter 
 will change it ; therefore you should sit with it while he copies 
 it. We are getting on delightfully. Your brother's quite well. 
 " ' Ever yours most sincerely, 
 
 " * Wellington.' " 
 
 Lady de Eos's published recollections of the hero 
 cover many years, and are full of interest. Among 
 others, attention may here be drawn to the following 
 incident. Her Ladyship writes : " In the winter of 
 1815 we all went to Paris, where I had typhus fever ; 
 and the Duke of Wellington was most kind, sending 
 me my dinner daily, and when I was convalescent, 
 coming to see me and lending me one of his carriages 
 to drive in. He gave a ball at the Elysee Bourbon, 
 and insisted on my coming to it, though I did not 
 care about doing so, as I felt very weak. However, 
 as he sent me a pretty shawl — which I have in my 
 possession still — I felt bound to go in it, but did not 
 much enjoy sitting in an armchair instead of dancing." 
 
 Her Ladyship states that thirty-eight years later 
 she was again in that ballroom, and Lord Kaglan 
 reminded her of their last meeting in that room, 
 when the late Duke of Wellington was among them, 
 and now the English and French troops were an 
 allied army. 
 
62 RECORDS AND REMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 " After my marriage/' Lady de Eos says, " we 
 were often tlie Duke's guests at Walmer Castle, and 
 frequently dined at Apsley House." The Duke's 
 kindness to children is well known, and when he 
 invited his friends to visit him, their children were 
 always included. Upon the birth of one of her 
 children the Duke wrote the following letter to Lady 
 de Eos : — 
 
 "June 23rd, 1823. 
 
 "My dearest G-eorgy, 
 
 " I sincerely congratulate you. I am flattered by your 
 desire to call the young lady Arthur, and shall be delighted to be 
 her godfather. 
 
 " Believe me, 
 
 " Ever yours most affectionately, 
 
 " Wellington." 
 
 "When his goddaughter Blanche Arthur Georgiana 
 was five years old she worked a pincushion for him, 
 and, apologizing in a letter to Lady de Eos for delay 
 in writing to thank the young lady for it, he enclosed 
 the following : — 
 
 " Strathfieldsaye, February 11th, 1838. 
 
 "Dearest Blanche, 
 
 *' I am very much obliged for your beautiful present. I 
 shall now be able to keep my pins, which your mamma will tell 
 you were heretofore stolen ! But I admire your writing still 
 more than your work. 
 
 " Believe me, 
 
 " Ever yours most affectionately, 
 
 " Wellington." 
 
AND THE DUKES OF RICHMOND, 63 
 
 In connection with the friendship which the hero 
 of Waterloo so long manifested towards the fourth 
 Duke of Kichmond and his family, I must not omit 
 a letter written to Lady de Eos upon the Irish 
 question — a letter which in the light of 
 
 " Experience did attain 
 To something of prophetic strain." 
 
 " Strathfieldsaye, January 19th, 1838. 
 
 "Dearest Georgy, 
 
 " I am astonished at the effect produced by Lord Ox- 
 mantown's and Lord Charleville's speeches upon "Whigs as well 
 as Tories. How could anybody expect any other result from the 
 system which all know has been carried on in Ireland for many 
 years ? 
 
 " In other countries men of modern times may feel secure 
 against the danger of assassination. Formerly assassins looked 
 for their reward in heaven ; in these degenerate days they look 
 for pelf from an employer. They must live to receive and 
 enjoy it. 
 
 " I consider it absolutely impossible for a man to assassinate 
 another, who does not frequent in secret some place, on the access 
 to which the assassin might conceal himself, prepared to commit 
 his crime. A man can assassinate another anywhere — in the 
 street, in the park, in the theatre, provided he will sacrifice his 
 own life. But then he cannot receive and enjoy his pelf ; he 
 must be discovered, delivered up to justice, tried, and executed. 
 
 "But this is not the case in Ireland. All mankind would 
 favour the execution of the design of the assassin, and his escape 
 after it should be carried into execution. Then, if by accident 
 he should be brought to justice, witnesses will not appear against 
 him ; if they do they will not tell what they know, and if, not- 
 withstanding all, the case can be made out, the jury will not 
 
64 RECORDS AND REMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 convict. The reason is, tliat all are engaged in a conspiracy 
 against Protestant property and Government ; and all classes of 
 persons connected with and acting under the Government ; and 
 even the Government itself are cognisant of and parties to this 
 conspiracy, so far, at least, as that they will not, dare not, take 
 effectual measures to put it down. 
 
 " Therefore it is that I say that an assassin is tolerably certain 
 of escaping, receiving and enjoying his pelf in Ireland, which is 
 not possible in other parts of the world." 
 
 These predictions have been fully verified. That 
 they should have been communicated to Lady de 
 Eos is a proof of the Duke's appreciation of her 
 discernment. 
 
 Her Ladyship remembered the Cato Street con- 
 spiracy, and Thistlewood's attempt to murder the 
 ministers in 1820. 
 
 She narrates that the Duke of Wellington told her 
 and others that, in his opinion, the attempt of the 
 conspirators should not be prevented. The plot was 
 disclosed to Lord Sidmouth by a young sculptor 
 employed at Windsor, who had been asked to join 
 the conspiracy. Other information was given to 
 Lord Harrowby, when riding in the park, by a man 
 who came up to him and asked him if he was one 
 of the ministers. He replied, "Yes." "Are you 
 Lord Castlereagh ? " "No." "Can you give this 
 letter to him, which conveys information of a dread- 
 ful conspiracy ? " As soon as Lord Castlereagh had 
 read and told the ministers its contents, there was 
 
AND TEE DUKES OF RICHMOND. 65 
 
 much agitation and debate as to how they should 
 proceed. 
 
 The Duke of Wellington was of opinion that the 
 attack of the conspirators should not be prevented, 
 but that the cabinet dinner should take place, as if 
 nothing were suspected, at Lord Harrowby's ; and 
 that then, by a concerted arrangement, the whole 
 of the gang should be captured. Had the rest 
 agreed his plan was this : a picket of the Guards in 
 Portman Street barracks was to be warned for duty 
 of a nature not to excite suspicion ; a couple of 
 officers, in plain clothes and well mounted, were to 
 ride in the neighbourhood of Grosvenor Square as if 
 returning from the park, and directly they perceived 
 the gang assembling, were to gallop to the barracks, 
 and bring back the soldiers at the double-quick. 
 These on entering the square were to divide in two 
 bodies, and surround the whole of the south side of 
 the square : one party detaching men round by Audley 
 Street, and the others meeting them by Charles Street. 
 
 As to the arrangements in Lord Harrowby's house, 
 each minister was to bring a pair of pistols in his 
 official box, to be accompanied by an able-bodied ser- 
 vant, well armed. Ministers usually brought servants 
 to the Cabinet dinners to assist in waiting. The dinner 
 was to be upstairs, but the dining-room below lighted 
 and prepared as usual in order to deceive the con- 
 spirators ; the hall was to be barricaded with heavy 
 
 p 
 
66 RECORDS AND REMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 furniture, and tlie stairs also secured by impedi- 
 ments — by wbicli means, before an entrance could 
 be effected, tbe troops would be upon tliem in the 
 very act, and scarce a man could have escaped. 
 
 Whole libraries have been written upon the life 
 and exploits of the great Duke of Wellington — 
 great indeed he was, having captured three thousand 
 cannon from the enemy and never lost a single gun 
 — but unless Lady de Ros had consented in her old 
 age, and, after much pressure, to place on permanent 
 record her memoirs, many interesting phases in the 
 character of that many-sided man would have been lost. 
 
 I suppose her Ladyship to have been one of the 
 last survivors of the long list of those who received 
 invitations and were present at the Duchess of Rich- 
 mond's Waterloo Ball ; her sister, Lady Louisa Tighe, 
 who still survives, being the last of the family, is 
 now in her ninety-second year. During my residence 
 at Goodwood, some seventeen of those who had taken 
 part in that historic ball, visited there; but only 
 Lady Louisa, to my knowledge, survived her Lady- 
 ship, who departed this life on the 15th of December, 
 1891, in the ninety-sixth year of her age. She was 
 present at the jubilee of George III. in 1809, also at 
 the Queen's jubilee in 1887, and had been acquainted 
 with no less than nineteen prime ministers.* 
 
 * Since writing the above, I find Ladj Sophia Georgiana Cecil, 
 another sister, still survives, in her eighty-ninth year. 
 
AND THE DUKES OF BICEMOND, 67 
 
 Her daughter, Blanche Arthur Georgiana, the Duke 
 of Wellington's goddaughter, who married, in 1865, 
 the late J. E. Swinton, Esq., received a letter from 
 Bishop Wilkinson, which gives a true picture of her 
 mother's character, and a copy of which must not 
 be omitted here. 
 
 " 34, Cadogan Gardens, S. W., Christmas, 1892. 
 
 "My dear Mrs. Swinton, 
 
 " I am glad you are preparing a memoir of Lady de Eos ; 
 many besides myself will value it. It was a great privilege from 
 time to time to visit her during those later years of her life. 
 
 " I was specially struck with three things : 
 
 "First, her thankfulness to God and man. However weak 
 or lonely she might seem to others, she was never tired of refer- 
 ring to the goodness of her heavenly Father, the results of the 
 Saviour's Atonement, the unvarying kindness which she received 
 from her many relations and friends. 
 
 " Secondly, her activity. To the last she worked for others — for 
 friends, for comparative strangers, for the distressed Irish ladies. 
 Her mind and hands were never idle. As I write I have before 
 me a beautiful ivory marker, with the most delicate illuminations, 
 made only a few years before her death. Whenever I visited her 
 she was, with hardly, I think, an exception, doing something 
 which would give pleasure to others. 
 
 " Thirdly, as the result of this thankful spirit and active effort, 
 she was, so far as I saw, always bright and cheerful. Even in 
 the time of great trial and anxiety there seemed to be hidden, 
 deep down in her heart, a well of happiness springing up into 
 everlasting life. It was, I repeat, a privilege to know her, and 
 it is a real pleasure to recall our many happy hours together. 
 " Believe me, my dear Mrs. Swinton, 
 " Yours very sincerely, 
 
 "George H. Wilkinson (Bishop)." 
 
68 BECORDS AND REMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 CHAPTER VIIL 
 
 THE FIFTH DUKE. 
 
 On the 3rd of August, 1791, was born, at Whitehall 
 Gardens, the future fifth Duke of Richmond, Duke of 
 Lennox, Duke of Aubigny, and Duke of Gordon, the 
 only fourfold Duke, I believe, in the United Kingdom. 
 
 The fifth Duke of Richmond succeeded to the 
 title and estates on the death of his father, the 
 fourth Duke, in August, 1819. At an early age 
 he had been sent to school with Mr. Howes at 
 Chiswick, and thence in a few months to Westminster. 
 
 Though his bodily frame, when a boy, was not 
 robust, it contained an undaunted spirit and courage. 
 
 He was popular with his fellow school-boys at 
 Westminster, and his preceptors were more than 
 satisfied, his conduct being held up by Dr. Dodd, 
 his tutor, as an example. 
 
 His application was so untiring that it was con- 
 sidered he would have had a good chance of gaining 
 honours had he chosen a University career ; but, 
 
AND TEE DUKES OF BICEMOND. 69 
 
 like his ancestors, his bent was to the profession 
 of arms, and so desirous was he of entering the 
 army, that on the 8th of June, 1809, when only 
 eighteen years of age, he was appointed ensign in 
 the 8 th garrison battalion. On the 21st of June, 
 1810, he became a lieutenant in the 13th Light 
 Dragoons ; on the 9th of July, 1812, captain of 
 the 92nd Gordon Highlanders ; on the 8 th of April, 
 1813, captain of the 52nd Light Infantry ; on the 
 15th of June, 1815, brevet-major; and lieutenant- 
 colonel on the 25th of July, 1816. 
 
 In 1809 he was appointed aide-de-camp to the 
 Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, and on the 24th of 
 July, 1810, joined the army in the Peninsula as 
 aide-de-camp to the Duke of Wellington, with whom 
 he remained till 1814, being present at all the great 
 engagements with the enemy during that period. 
 He was sent home with duplicate despatches of the 
 battle of Salamanca, the capture of Astorga, and 
 the entrance into France. 
 
 In January, 1814, he left the Duke of "Wellington's 
 staff to join the first battalion of the 52nd Light 
 Infantry, and was severely wounded by a musket 
 ball at the battle of Orthez, on the 27th of February, 
 when in command of a company, to which event I 
 shall recur more fully later on. I will now give a 
 brief retrospect of the fifth Duke's military career. 
 
 The Duke of Wellington was a warm personal 
 
70 BEC0BB8 AND BEMINI8CENCEB OF GOODWOOD 
 
 friend of the fourtli Duke of Kiclimond, as previously 
 stated, and took much interest in his son, then Earl 
 of March. 
 
 As soon as Lord March was gazetted, his strong 
 desire was to see active service, and to this end he, 
 like his great Chief, was ready to accept any em- 
 ployment, however subordinate, to which his sovereign 
 might appoint him. 
 
 Lord March soon made his preparations and 
 secured a passage in the first transport bound for 
 the Tagus. Upon this transport the accommodation 
 was very different from that which our troops now 
 meet with in the splendid ships which carry them 
 to our Indian Empire. 
 
 The rations were execrable — coarse "salt junk," 
 Irish pork, weevilly biscuits, impure water, and fiery 
 rum were the daily fare. 
 
 When, in the summer of 1810, Lord March took 
 leave of his family, it was a pathetic farewell, for 
 he had to say good-bye to no less than thirteen 
 brothers and sisters. 
 
 Upon reaching Lisbon he met with a cordial 
 reception from Vice-Admiral Berkeley and his wife, 
 who pressed him to make their house his home ; but 
 without loss of time he pressed forward to the head- 
 quarters of the army, where he met with a good 
 reception from the Duke of Wellington, who placed 
 him at once on his personal staff. 
 
AND THE DVKE8 OF RICHMOND, 71 
 
 Upon the very day of Lord March's arrival (July 
 12tli), our troops, under Brigadier-General Crawford, 
 had suffered great loss in an action with the French 
 army near Almeida. During the wearisome opera- 
 tions that took place, the 13th Light Dragoons 
 received the honourable distinction of being told 
 off to watch the enemy's movements. When Lord 
 March heard of this he almost regretted the accept- 
 ance of the staff appointment, but was soon re- 
 conciled by one of his brother aides-de-camp telling 
 him that ere many days were passed Wellington 
 would be engaged, which prediction was verified 
 on the morning of the 27th of July, when the French 
 made two desparate attacks upon the English position 
 at Busaco. The action lasted the whole day, and 
 resulted in the crushing repulse of the enemy, who 
 left nearly three thousand killed and wounded on the 
 battle-field. This being the first general action in 
 which Lord March was engaged, he was much gratified 
 to read in the Chiefs despatch to the Earl of Liver- 
 pool (dated Coimbra, September 30th), that " he was 
 particularly indebted to the officers of his personal 
 staff for the great assistance received from them 
 throughout the action." 
 
 In a letter written by the Duke of Wellington to 
 Vice- Admiral the Hon. G. Berkeley (dated Celerico, 
 August 10th, 1810) his Grace, after acknowledging a 
 letter received from the Vice- Admiral, added, " I think 
 that Lord March can do without his helmet for a while." 
 
72 BEGORDS AND REMINISCENCES OF aOOBWOOD 
 
 After this date Lord March was engaged in 
 numerous services in Spain and Portugal. He was 
 present at Fuentes d'Onoro, when the French 
 delivered their most desperate attack. 
 
 The battle raged with fury from dawn till night- 
 fall, and resulted in the loss to the enemy of five 
 thousand men. 
 
 Not long after followed "the bloody fight" at 
 Albuera, which was described by the Duke of Wel- 
 lington as " one of the most glorious and honourable 
 actions, to the honour of the troops, of any fought 
 during the war." The excessive exertions and ex- 
 posure to bad weather told upon Lord March's rather 
 delicate constitution, at which the Duke of Wellington 
 was much concerned, and sent daily, through Colonel 
 Colin Campbell, to ask whether he could be of any 
 service. While desirous of encouraging his young 
 aide-de-camp in his military career, the Duke saw 
 from his emaciated appearance that without great 
 care he would collapse. He, therefore, took the 
 opportunity of speaking to Lord March, expressing 
 his high sense of his value as an officer, and urged 
 him to leave head-quarters for a time, which friendly 
 advice the invalid adopted, and afterwards left for 
 Lisbon on sick leave. During his absence, the Chief 
 was not unmindful of his 'protege's welfare ; for, upon 
 writing to Admiral Berkeley, he inquired, " Have 
 you heard anything of Lord March ? " 
 
AND TEE DUKES OF BICEMOND. 73 
 
 As soon as his strength was recruited, Lord March 
 rejoined the Commander-in-Chief, and was present 
 at the siege of Ciudad Kodrigo. He entered the 
 breach as a volunteer with the storming party of 
 the 52nd, among his companions being the Prince 
 of Orange and Lord Fitzroy Somerset (afterwards 
 Lord Raglan). They were reproved on the following 
 morning by the Commander-in-Chief for exposing 
 themselves to almost certain death, by thrusting 
 themselves into a service in which, as officers of the 
 staff, they were not called upon to engage. 
 
 Lieutenant Gurwood, who commanded the forlorn 
 hope, had received from the commander of the van- 
 quished stronghold his sword, and was about to restore 
 it to him, when Lord March whispered to Grurwood, 
 '* Don't be such a fool." Like his father, he was not 
 the man to relinquish that which had cost so many 
 lives and so much blood to gain. 
 
 So far, Lord March had taken part in three 
 battles and two sieges. I may recall that after 
 the battle of Salamanca he was sent to England with 
 despatches. 
 
 This was, of course, gratifying; but the honour 
 was somewhat qualified by regret at being unable to 
 attend his Chief when the army made their triumphal 
 entry into Madrid, which Wellington thus described : 
 "It is impossible to describe the joy manifested by 
 the inhabitants of Madrid upon our arrival, and I 
 
74 RECORDS AND REMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 hope that the prevalence of the same sentiments of 
 detestation of the French yoke, and of a strong desire 
 to secure the independency of their country, which 
 first induced them to set the example of resistance 
 to the usurper, will induce them again to make exer- 
 tions in the cause of their country, which being now 
 wisely directed, will be more efficacious than those 
 formerly made." 
 
 Lord March returned to Spain before Christmas, 
 1812. 
 
 On the 23rd of February, 1813, he was sent into 
 the French lines from Frenada with a flag of truce. 
 He fell in with their picquets about half a mile from 
 the enemy's main force. 
 
 The young aide-de-camp was received with courtesy, 
 and dined with the French General. Being about 
 to return. Lord March's five hussars and trumpeter 
 were surrounded by the French, and a thousand 
 questions were asked them, which failed to extract 
 any information. 
 
 The French officer, and his escort of five dragoons, 
 who were told off to see the Englishman in safety 
 through the lines, would not accompany them more 
 than a mile, through fear of the Guerillas, and were 
 half inclined to accept his Lordship's offer to allow 
 his trumpeter and men to escort them back. The 
 French officer, however, after courteously taking 
 leave of his charge, galloped back to his quarters. 
 
AND THE DUKES OF BIQHMOND, 75 
 
 which caused rather a disrespectful remark from the 
 young English lord. 
 
 On the 12th of June, 1813, a skirmish came off 
 with the French near Burgos, when two of Welling- 
 ton's staff got into trouble. The Prince of Orange 
 was all but captured while he was in search of a 
 horse to replace his own mount, which was tired. 
 Lord March mistook a French for an English dragoon, 
 and the sword-cut, intended for him, fortunately did 
 not reach, but fell on the neck of his charger. 
 
 This fine animal was always marked with a long 
 scar, and was named " Busaco," after the battle of 
 that name. He was ultimately turned out in Hal- 
 naker Park to end his days in well-earned repose, 
 which he enjoyed for many years, till old age told 
 upon him so severely, that he was destroyed, and 
 was buried in the Home Park, near the old Ice House, 
 a tree being planted over him to mark the spot. 
 
 That the old horse, like his master, had several 
 narrow escapes, was shown by numerous scars, one 
 especially caused by a bullet wound under his body. 
 Had the shot struck him an inch higher, it must 
 inevitably have killed him. During the battle of 
 the Pyrenees, in which Marshal Soult was so de- 
 cisively defeated. Lord March had another narrow 
 escape, and the Prince of Orange, one of his ^fellow 
 aides, had his horse shot under him. 
 
 Early in January, Lord March left the Comnlander- 
 
76 BECORDS AND BEMINISGENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 in-Chief s staff to join his own gallant regiment, the 
 52nd Light Infantry, carrying with him the best 
 wishes of the Chief and of the staff. 
 
 The next day he was engaged in an | attack upon 
 Orthez, and led his company of the 52nd against 
 the enemy's right. On reaching the crest of the 
 hill, he was struck in the chest by a musket-ball, 
 which was never extracted. The wound was pro- 
 nounced mortal, but Surgeon Hair, who was sent 
 for and questioned by Wellington himself, told the 
 Chief that although the wound was severe a gleam 
 of hope existed, as he had witnessed similar cases in 
 which the sufferer had recovered. 
 
 I am indebted to a friend for the following 
 authentic report of this lamentable occurrence : 
 " This gallant young officer, after receiving his severe 
 wound, was carried on a stretcher to the rear. The 
 wound caused internal hemorrhage which the sur- 
 geons were unable to control, and he was slowly 
 bleeding to death. The surgeon-major consulted 
 his assistants. He said, ' There is only one chance 
 left for him, which is to open a vein in the foot, 
 and to set up an external flow of blood ; this would 
 probably stop the inward bleeding, and might save 
 his life ; but should it not do so, he would be dead 
 in ten minutes. If he were one of the rank and file I 
 would do this at once ; but he is heir to a duke, and 
 the responsibility is great. What is your opinion ? ' 
 
AND THE DUKES OF RICEMOND. 77 
 
 "The other medical officers concurred in this 
 diagnosis, but no one seemed ready to begin, when 
 a junior surgeon named Archibald Hair, seeing the 
 reluctance of his superiors to put their counsel to the 
 test, 'to win or lose it all,' came forward and said, 
 * It is a shame that lad should die for want of a 
 doctor ; even if he is a duke's son, and if nobody else 
 will do it, I will.' Accordingly, he venesected the 
 foot, and set up an outward flow of blood, and in a 
 few minutes the internal flow was staunched, and 
 the wounded officer's life was preserved. The bullet 
 remained in his body till death." 
 
 It is needless to say that Dr. Hair, who by | his 
 presence of mind had thus saved his patient, made 
 for himself a lifelong friend and protector. He 
 was for many years a respected member of the 
 Goodwood household, and in that secure position 
 ''he husbanded out his own life's taper to the 
 close." 
 
 Dr. Hair was in every respect treated as a friend 
 of the family, and acted as private secretary to his 
 Grace. He was clever in his profession, and from 
 his skill I have often derived much relief. 
 
 During Lord George Bentinck's era, when my 
 health and strength were completely overtaxed. Dr. 
 Hair always endeavoured to ascertain the exact 
 cause of his patient's sufierings, since, if it were 
 guessed at, the treatment might be wrong. He 
 
78 BECOBBS AND BEMINISCENCE8 OF GOODWOOD 
 
 always affirmed tliat there was a cause for every- 
 thing. 
 
 Most assiduously did lie watch over the health of 
 his Grace, who so frequently suffered from the effects 
 of gout. 
 
 The Duke of Wellington, although he had himself 
 suffered a severe contusion upon the hip-bone from a 
 spent ball, hobbled across the street on a pair of crutches 
 the day after the battle of Orthez, to see Lord March, 
 whom he found lying in a precarious state. Dr. Hair 
 made a sign that the sufferer was sleeping. The Duke 
 leaned against the mantelpiece gazing sympatheti- 
 cally on his young protege, when suddenly the sufferer 
 awoke, and recognizing his Chief, faintly expressed 
 a hope that he had been successful on the previous 
 day. " I've given them a good licking, and shall 
 follow it up," was the reply, which appeared to 
 compose Lord March, who, being much exhausted, 
 turned and fell into a doze again. The Duke of 
 Wellington then quitted the room with tears running 
 down his cheeks, and feeling that he had taken the 
 last farewell of the son of one of his dearest and 
 oldest friends. 
 
 Notwithstanding his victory, the Duke was deeply 
 grieved and troubled by the sacrifice of so many lives, 
 for the loss of the allies amounted to 2300. 
 
 In 1814, when the fourth Duke went to reside at 
 Brussels, Lord March accompanied him, being aide- 
 
AND THE DUKES OF BICEMOND. 79 
 
 de-camp to the Prince of Orange, who was in com- 
 mand of a small force there. There were constant 
 reviews, balls, and other entertainments at the 
 houses of the Belgian and English nobility, many 
 English families living in the city. 
 
 During the Duke of Wellington's absence from 
 Brussels at the Congress of Vienna, there were per- 
 sistent rumours of Napoleon's advance on Belgium. 
 The Duke's return to Brussels was anxiously looked 
 for. The rumours, however, received no confirmation, 
 and only a few days before the 15th of June, 1815, 
 but little importance was attached to them. When 
 Lord Hill called upon the Duke of Richmond on the 
 afternoon of the 15 th, he found the family sitting 
 in the garden. He disclaimed any knowledge of a 
 move. In the evening of this day (viz. 15 th), the 
 Duchess of Richmond's famous Waterloo ball — already 
 referred to — took place. This has been strongly com- 
 mented upon as being unseasonable and ill-advised 
 at such a momentous period, and as being likely to 
 embarrass Wellington's military operations and to 
 delay them. 
 
 All these comments were uncalled for, for not only 
 did the Commander-in-Chief sanction the ball, but 
 he was himself present at it. It is probable that 
 he suggested it, as it was of importance that the 
 inhabitants of Brussels should be kept in igno- 
 rance of the nearness of the inevitable crisis. The 
 
80 BECOBDS AND BEMINISOENOES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 majority of tlie populace had strong Frencli sym- 
 pathies. 
 
 The town was full of Bonaparte's emissaries and 
 spies, and false reports abounded. 
 
 The Duke of Wellington, at a later date, when 
 speaking of Napoleon's Marshals, said, " Their soldiers 
 got them into scrapes, mine got me out ; " and they 
 took good care that his secrets should be kept. 
 
 The Earl of March, who was, as I have said, aide- 
 de-camp to the Prince of Orange, left the ball-room 
 for his house close by, to get his things ready, his 
 sister Georgiana going with him. They afterwards 
 returned to the ball-room, where dancing was still 
 going on. 
 
 When the Horse Guards Blue were about to make 
 their memorable charge at Waterloo, led by Lord 
 Fitzroy Somerset, Wellington, who was their colonel, 
 encouraged them with, " Now, gentlemen, for the 
 honour of the Household Troops." 
 
 As they came back the Duke raised his cocked hat 
 and said, " Life Guards, I thank you." During the 
 battle Lord March was repeatedly under fire. The 
 Duke despatched him with an order to the Eoyal 
 Fusiliers, who were terribly galled by the enemy's 
 fire. 
 
 As Lord March neared the battalion he observed that 
 some of our guns in front of the square had ceased 
 firing, and he suggested to the officer in command 
 
AND TEE DUKES OF BICEMOND. 81 
 
 of the battery that if he would fire canister at the 
 enemy's cavalry, the Fusiliers would be greatly 
 relieved. " Enemy's cavalry ? " said the officer ; " they 
 belong to the German Legion." " You are wrong," 
 Lord March replied. " I am confident they are 
 French. I have no authority to order you to resume ; 
 but if you ceased fire under the impression that they 
 were friends, not foes, I advise you to blaze away 
 again." In a second the officer took the hint, and 
 again opened the ball in a manner that compelled 
 the French to fall back as quickly as they could dance. 
 When this was reported to Wellington, he warmly 
 commended the young staff officer, who was always 
 on the alert. 
 
 At the termination of this memorable campaign, 
 when peace was signed, Lord March retired from 
 active service, his health being much impaired ; and 
 though his dangerous wound healed, it permanently 
 precluded violent exercise on horseback. Had he 
 remained in the service he would, no doubt, have 
 been promoted, and would have filled positions of 
 eminence. But his sense of honour did not permit 
 him to stand in the way of the promotion of more 
 active officers. 
 
 In April, 1816, the Earl of March married Lady 
 Caroline Paget, eldest daughter of his old friend and 
 comrade in arms, the Marquis of Anglesey. This 
 union was in s^^^jv respect happy and fortunate. 
 
 o 
 
82 RECORDS AND REMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 The Earl and Countess resided at Molecomb, of 
 wliicli charming and pleasantly situated residence I 
 hope to treat in a future chapter, confining myself 
 in this to the military career of the fifth Duke of 
 Kichmond. 
 
AND THE DUKES OF BICHMOND. 83 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 THE FIFTH DUKE AS A SPORTSMAN. 
 
 The fifth Duke of Riclimond preferred hunting to 
 any other sport, and, when a young man, was a bold 
 rider, and actually rode down one of the steepest parts 
 of the Bow Hill, a portion of the South Downs about 
 four miles from Goodwood — a feat which was never 
 attempted before or since. The descent was so pre- 
 cipitous, and the feat caused so much astonishment 
 at the time, that the track of the horse was kept 
 open by persons employed on the estate, as a great 
 curiosity. This daring deed occurred before he re- 
 ceived the wound at Orthez, and when he hunted 
 with the Earl of Egremont's hounds. Even after he 
 received the wound he continued the pursuit. Un- 
 fortunately whilst galloping his horse down one of 
 the Goodwood hills, the animal fell with him, injuring 
 him aeverely. So severe indeed was the fall, that 
 he remained in imminent danger for some days, 
 owing to the bullet he received in the battle of 
 
84 BECORDS AND EEMINISGENGES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 Orthez having shifted its position. After his re- 
 covery he was so strongly advised and entreated not 
 to hunt again, that, although it was a great sacrifice, 
 he reluctantly but prudently acquiesced. 
 
 His Grace then sought amusement on the turf. 
 
 In 1817, as Lord March, he ran two horses at 
 Goodwood, viz. Hermes and Princess. The former 
 won a match against Lord Apsley's b. g., for 50 
 sovs., half a mile. 
 
 In 1818 he ran Gas and Eoncesvalles at Goodwood 
 — the latter winning a sweepstake of ten guineas 
 each, two miles, ^yq subscribers, which was the first 
 public race his Lordship won. 
 
 About two or three years after his accession to the 
 title, he gradually increased his racing stud, running 
 his horses principally at Goodwood. His great friend 
 and companion in arms. Viscount Dunwich (after- 
 wards Earl of Stradbroke), in 1823 recommended 
 him to engage my father as his private trainer ; my 
 father at that time being at Newmarket with Mr. 
 E. D. Boyce, who trained for the Earl of Stradbroke, 
 Lord Dunwich's father. 
 
 His Grace then entered more fully into his pursuit 
 of pleasure, purchasing from Mr. Walker Dandezette 
 (which had run second to the Duke of Grafton's Zinc 
 in the Oaks) and Hampden from the Duke of Grafton. 
 With the former he was successful in winning some 
 races at Newmarket, where he had not ventured to 
 
AND TEE DUKES OF BIGEMOND. 85 
 
 compete until joined by Lord Dunwich, who took an 
 active part in the management of his Grace's horses. 
 The Viscount was a most cautious gentleman, and 
 not likely to induce a young beginner in the pursuits 
 of the Turf to speculate extensively. He studied the 
 form of horses, and was very successful in the matches 
 he made, not feeling satisfied with less than " five or 
 seven pounds in hand.'' 
 
 Thus in the first Spring Meeting at Newmarket in 
 1824, he won two matches for his new confederate 
 with Dandizette, beating Lord Huntingfield's Mostyn 
 A. F. and D. L for 100 sovs. each. 
 
 So good were the matches, that 4 to 1 was laid 
 on Dandizette in each of them. His Lordship was not 
 successful in the purchase of Hampden for his Grace, 
 but there is little doubt he was taken advantage of in 
 the horse having become savage, and losing his form 
 in consequence; at which his Lordship was greatly 
 annoyed. At Goodwood in the same year a rather 
 remarkable occurrence took place in the result of the 
 race for the Goodwood Stakes, which were awarded 
 to Lord Verulam's b. f. Vitellina. 
 
 Mr. C. Greville, who was judge, was seated on an 
 erection so far above the level of the course, that 
 Dandizette passed unnoticed by him, two or three 
 lengths in advance of Vitellina and Ghost, which 
 were running on the opposite side of the course. 
 Ghost hung so much upon Vitellina as to endanger 
 
86 RECORDS AND REMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 her being driven against the rails, which so attracted 
 Mr. Greville's attention that he did not see Dandi- 
 zette ; and Boyce, who rode the mare, asked Mr. 
 Greville if he did not win, stating that, although he 
 passed the post first by some lengths, he could have 
 increased the lead had he felt disposed. So apparent 
 was the error, that Lord Verulam offered the Duke of 
 Eichmond the stakes, stating he was perfectly satis- 
 fied he was not entitled to them, as the Goodwood 
 mare won easily enough. 
 
 His Grace, thanking Lord Verulam for his honour- 
 able offer, declined it, saying, whatever his private 
 opinion might be, they must abide the decision of 
 the judge, which was final. 
 
 The Earl of Burlington approached his Grace and 
 said, " Although you have won the race, it has been 
 given against you by a judge who is a Newmarket 
 man above all things." The disappointments in 
 racing are proverbially numerous, but few have been 
 greater than the above, which was borne by his 
 Grace with the placidity that characterized him 
 through life. 
 
 Lord Dunwich was greatly annoyed with Mr. 
 Greville's error, holding that in one with so much 
 experience in racing such a mistake was unpardonable. 
 
 As I have previously stated, his Lordship was 
 very considerate, cautious, and a good judge of the 
 primary objects of racing, viz. to render it interesting. 
 
AND THE DUKES OF BICEMOND, 87 
 
 amusing, and successful. To attain this end lie 
 exercised his judgment in selecting some useful 
 animals for his Grace to purchase. Thus in 1825 a 
 two-year-old colt of Mr. Nowell's, by Aladdin out 
 of Doll Tearsheet, won a handicap for two- and 
 three-year-olds, in the second October Meeting at 
 Newmarket, beating, among others. Lord Stradbroke's 
 Second Sight (three-year-olds). His Lordship pur- 
 chased the colt for his confederate, who afterwards 
 named him Link Boy. 
 
 With this horse his Grace won many races, in- 
 cluding the Gold Cup at Goodwood in 1827 ; the 
 last being run under rather remarkable circumstances. 
 The horse, during the night previous to the race, got 
 cast in his loose box, injuring himself so seriously 
 that his Grace thought he would not be able to run ; 
 but my father, who was no novice in veterinary 
 practice, after having the wounds and bruises well 
 fomented, with other treatment, informed his Grace 
 that the effect of the injuries would not be so much 
 felt directly after their occurrence as later on, and 
 that he thought the horse might win ; which, in fact, 
 he did, to the great delight of his Grace, who, in 
 acknowledgment of a service rendered, made my 
 father a present of a first-class double-barrelled gun 
 with case complete. My father named the gun 
 " Link Boy," and was not a little proud of it. This 
 weapon, as he often asserted when using it in some 
 
88 BECORDS AND REMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 of the coverts upon the estate, would fetch the game, 
 when others signally failed. 
 
 His Grace also won the Goodwood Stakes this 
 same year (1827) with Miss Craven, a roan mare 
 which his confederate advised him to purchase after 
 she had beaten Link Boy, Stumps, and others at 
 Brighton about three weeks before. 
 
 This roan mare perpetuated the roans for many 
 years upon the turf, through Baleine, a sister, and 
 Physalis, a granddaughter, who produced the dam 
 of Lord Glasgow's Kapid Koan, who in turn con- 
 tinued to get roans ; and from this blood the colour 
 is still propagated. 
 
 1827 was a most successful year for his Grace, 
 who won twenty-three races, although his racing- 
 stud numbered but seven, including Gulnare, who 
 won the Oaks and some other races, not knowing 
 defeat. During the year her winnings amounted to 
 ^3705. 
 
 She was purchased by Lord Stradbroke of Mr. 
 Wilson when a yearling, as a filly, got by Smolensko 
 out of Medora, and, being the only yearling his 
 Grace possessed, was turned alone into a paddock 
 adjoining the Valdoe Coppice, which caused her to 
 be rather restless. When the man attending her 
 was engaged putting the rejected litter in the wood 
 through a small door which opened into the coppice, 
 the filly crept through it, and was galloping about 
 
AND THE DUKES OF BIOEMOND. 89 
 
 the coppice in great danger for some time before she 
 could be secured. 
 
 The door from which she made her escape was so 
 small that it appeared almost impossible for her to 
 pass through it. This is one of the endless mis- 
 chances with which trainers have to contend. 
 
 The Duke, accompanied by Lord John Fitzroy, 
 came upon the scene when my father, with assistance, 
 was endeavouring to capture the filly, which was 
 not an easy matter, as she thoroughly enjoyed her 
 liberty amongst the trees and underwood. The sight 
 induced Lord John Fitzroy to ojffer the Duke £50 to £1 
 against her for the Oaks. His Grace replied, " I will 
 take it to £5 ; being got by a winner of the 2000 
 guineas, and out of a winner of the Oaks, she surely 
 ought to be worth backing for a fiver at that price." 
 His Grace then said to my father, *' You had better 
 stand a sovereign in the bet ; " which he said that he 
 should be very pleased to do. This bet was quite 
 forgotten by my father till his Grace reminded him 
 of it after the race, greatly to my father's surprise 
 and delight. 
 
 As I have previously stated. Lord Stradbroke was 
 very cautious, and was very confident of winning 
 before he speculated in his moderate way by a little 
 betting. Although Gulnare had won twice at New- 
 market, he did not feel disposed to back her for the 
 Oaks, unless she could beat Link Boy (four-year- 
 
90 BECOBDS AND BJSMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 old) at five pounds, on the Derby course, at whicli 
 weight they were tried the week before the race, the 
 mare, with others, having been at the Leg of Mutton 
 and Cauliflower Inn, at Ashtead, for some time, after 
 travelling by road from Newmarket. 
 
 The result of the trial was that Link Boy won so 
 easily, that his Lordship said that all hope of Gulnare 
 being able to win the Oaks were at an end. 
 
 My father differed from his Lordship, stating that 
 no three-year-old could beat Link Boy on that severe 
 course at five pounds. Although 14 to 1 was laid 
 against her at starting, Gulnare won cleverly, beating 
 thirteen others. While three-year-olds engaged in 
 the Derby and Oaks accomplish greater feats than 
 beating such a horse as Link Boy at five pounds, 
 1^ mile, when tried prior to those races over other 
 courses, yet over the old Derby course, the fact of 
 Eunning Eein beating such a horse as Orlando, in 
 1844, is evident proof of what a four-year-old will 
 do with a three-year-old over that course. Eunning 
 Eein (afterwards called Zanoni) proved himself to be 
 a far inferior horse to Link Boy. 
 
 His Grace's success with Gulnare stimulated him 
 to enter more fully into the spirit of racing by 
 purchasing Moses for 1100 guineas as a sire, and 
 three brood mares, viz. Leopoldine, Loo, and the 
 Duchess (who won the St. Leger in 1816), ^of Mr. 
 Lambton, afterwards Lord Durham, for 1500 guineas. 
 
AND TEE DUKES OF RICHMOND. 91 
 
 His Grace then added considerably to the breeding 
 establishment by forming additional paddocks and 
 erecting hovels. 
 
 Before this he had possessed but two brood mares, 
 viz. The Bride, a grey mare by Quiz, and Arbis, also 
 by Quiz, out of Persepolis, the dam of Euphrates : 
 these two mares Lord Stradbroke purchased for his 
 Grace, they being some of his father's favourite 
 blood. With x4Lrbis, his Grace bred some useful 
 horses, including Hindostan and Hindoo. The Bride 
 was only noted for perpetuating greys, her dam 
 having produced nine of that colour. With Dandi- 
 zette, a grey, and Miss Craven, a roan, the Duke bred 
 and ran as many greys and roans as most breeders. 
 
 In 1829, his Grace was singularly fortunate in 
 accomplishing an almost unparalleled feat in the annals 
 of racing by winning every race he could run for 
 at the Ascot Heath Second Meeting, which extended 
 over three days. On the first day (Tuesday, June 
 30th) he won his Majesty's Plate with Helenus ; 
 the great Park Stakes, and a sweepstakes of 100 
 sovs., each with Hindostan. On Wednesday he 
 won the Gold Cup with The Alderman, and on 
 Thursday a Handicap Plate with Hindostan, a Free 
 Plate of 100 guineas with Hindostan, and a Plate 
 of £50 with The Alderman, thus winning the only 
 seven races run, the rest being matches, in which 
 he was not engaged. 
 
92 REC0BD8 AND REMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 His success with his unequalled advantages for 
 training race-horses upon the downs and in the 
 park, at all seasons of the year, attracted the atten- 
 tion of many of his sporting friends, and with his 
 usual kindness he permitted some of them to share 
 those advantages with him, by sending some horses 
 to be trained at Goodwood, by my father. Those 
 who enjoyed this favour were — in addition to the 
 Earl of Stradbroke — Colonel Peel, the Earl of Ux- 
 bridge (a brother of the Duchess), Sir John Byng 
 (afterwards Earl of Strafford), Captain Byng (after- 
 wards third Earl of Strafford), Mr. Houldsworth, 
 Sir James Graham. 
 
 As a consequence of this arrangement, the horses 
 in training numbered about twenty-five or thirty 
 under my father's charge. Amongst them were some 
 good winners, two of which especially attracted the 
 attention of Lord George Bentinck. One of these 
 was Kubini, who won the Gold Cup at Goodwood 
 in 1833 (running in my father's name, although the 
 property of the Earl of Uxbridge), beating Mr. 
 Greville's Whale, which, as a matter of fact, was 
 the property of Lord George Bentinck, who backed 
 him heavily for this race, attributing his defeat to 
 the excellent condition of Eubini. 
 
 Again when Elizondo won the Port Stakes at 
 Newmarket in 1836, beating General Yates's Sylvan 
 and Mr. Sowerby's Bodice (really Lord George's 
 
AND TEE DUKES OF RICHMOND, 93 
 
 property), his Lordship did not fail to tell the Duke 
 of Eichmond that he owed his success to the excellent 
 condition of Elizondo and Eubini, and through the 
 result of those two races his Lordship was more 
 favourably impressed with the advantages of Good- 
 wood for training race-horses ; and although he had 
 two or three in the stable running in the name of 
 the Duke of Eichmond, he had a great desire to 
 remove those he had owned in other stables to 
 Goodwood, and continue to adopt his Grace's name 
 when engaging them, to which his Grace objected. 
 
94 BECOBDS AND BEMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 THE GOODWOOD RACE MEETINGS. 
 
 Few noblemen enjoyed their racing stud more than 
 his Grace, whose delight was to entertain those who 
 had the privilege of sharing the sport with him ; and 
 they would often spend many days at Goodwood, 
 when his Grace would inspect with them the horses 
 in training, and the breeding stud, with the greatest 
 interest and pleasure, often making some amusing 
 remark upon any animal that possessed a remarkable 
 feature. Upon the return of the race week, his Grace 
 was in his glory, providing for his numerous guests, 
 who at that time travelled in their carriages with 
 post-horses, thus causing every available building to 
 be requisitioned for the accommodation of so great 
 an influx of visitors with their attendants and car- 
 riages, the providing of which his Grace personally 
 superintended. 
 
 When allotting some rooms over the stables, etc., 
 for the use of the servants, a remark was made by 
 the person who had to carry out the arrangements. 
 
11 
 
 ll 
 
 11 
 
 if 
 
 W a* 
 
AND TEE DUKES OF RICHMOND. 95 
 
 that he thought that those who had to occupy them 
 might not be quite satisfied. His Grace replied that 
 during his service in the army he would often have 
 been thankful for such comfort as they afforded. 
 
 During the Goodwood Kace-week the demand for 
 post-horses exceeded the supply, although two land- 
 lords — the brothers Moon, one at Kingston and the 
 other at the King's Arms, Godalming — kept more 
 than one hundred pairs. 
 
 To distinguish these two Moons, the one at King- 
 ston was known as " Half Moon," whilst the sporting 
 one at Godalming was designated " Full Moon." It 
 was at Moon's inn at Godalming that General Gros- 
 venor was detained for lack of post-horses in 1828, 
 having left Goodwood on the morning of the day 
 upon which the Duke of Eichmond's Miss Craven 
 won the Goodwood Cup, beating Lord Mountcharles' 
 Easselas after a severe race, the latter carrying five 
 pounds overweight in consequence of F. Buckle the 
 jockey not being able to scale the proper weight. 
 General Grosvenor penned the following lines and 
 sent them to the Duke of Eichmond by the coach which 
 stopped at " Full Moon's," and his Grace read them to 
 his guests after dinner that evening, to their great glee 
 
 " My dear Lord Mountcharles, as the coach has come in, 
 Whilst I, like Charles Greville, am lengthening my chin. 
 You know well his manner when things * run amuck,' 
 He'd have killed little Buckle for eating that duck. 
 
96 RECORDS AND REMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 Good heavens ! one cannot help laughing to think 
 How the weight of a duck made a jockey's scale sink, 
 How a Grold Cup was lost for so trifling a matter — 
 I shall faint when 1 next see a duck on a platter. 
 This gorgeous young rascal, the doctor declares, 
 A duck, sage and onions, devoured upstairs ; 
 Whilst below stairs Joe Farrell, with muzzle in hand, 
 For to clap on his jaws had taken his stand, 
 "Well knowing that this was a family failing — 
 Old Buckle would gorge too in spite of all railing. 
 A length and a half, Lord John Fitzroy would say. 
 And Stradbroke so * cautious ' would nod * so it may.' 
 Pray take my advice, for I wish you good luck — 
 Keep Buckle next time a whole mile from a duck." 
 
 Many improvements liave been made to the race- 
 course up to this date, but the most extensive was 
 the continuation of the old course, from the then 
 winning-post to the length of nearly half a mile 
 through the plantation — an undertaking which was 
 attended with much labour and expense in grubbing 
 up so many trees, and forming the course upon a sort 
 of embankment, which necessitated the erection of 
 the present stand, first utilized in 1830 ; since which 
 time improvements have been made to meet the 
 requirements of the most enjoyable race-meeting in 
 England, until it has attained the greatest pre-emi- 
 nence, and is justly known as " glorious Goodwood." 
 
 Naturally his Grace was delighted to witness his 
 colours in the van upon a course he took so much 
 interest in, and upon his own estate. 
 
AND THE DUKES OF EICHMOND. 97 
 
 On no occasion do I remember that he was more 
 gratified with his success than when his old favourite 
 Mus won the Orleans Cup in 1841, it being one 
 of the most striking examples of the glorious un- 
 certainties of racing, as Mus, eight years old, had 
 to concede thirteen pounds to Hyllus, a five-year-old 
 horse, which had run second to Charles XII., after a 
 severe race for the Goodwood Cup the day before, 
 when the betting was 3 to 1 against Hyllus, 1 1 to 2 
 against Charles XII. 
 
 As the Orleans Cup was run over the same course 
 as the Goodwood Cup, 3 to 1 was laid on Hyllus, and 
 5 to 1 against Mus. With such odds against his horse, 
 his Grace was naturally much pleased at the result, 
 added to which the cup being given by his Eoyal 
 Highness the Duke of Orleans, greatly enhanced the 
 value of it to his Grace. About this period Lord 
 George Bentinck, having ceased running his horses 
 in other persons' names, his Grace permitted his Lord- 
 ship to have all his horses trained at Goodwood; 
 consequently, in the autumn of 1841 they were re- 
 moved from Danebury thither. So large an addition 
 to the number of horses in training necessitated 
 extensive additional stabling and exercising-ground, 
 which the Duke allowed Lord George to effect, till 
 the accommodation assumed unequalled proportions, 
 as in the course of each of three or four years there 
 were as many as 120 horses in training. There are 
 
 H 
 
98 BECORBS AND BEMINISQENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 but few enterprises more fascinating tTian racing, as 
 when attended with success it tempts and prompts 
 many of those who pursue it to increase their stud 
 far beyond their original intentions. Such was the 
 case with Lord George Bentinck, but the Duke of 
 Eichmond, although so closely associated with his 
 Lordship, conj&ned his stud to the number he thought 
 would afford him the greatest pleasure, which was his 
 sole object. 
 
 Admiral Eous (half brother to the Earl of Strad- 
 broke) stated, in some of his writings which appeared 
 in the Times, that during his long experience on the 
 turf he had known but two men, viz. the fourth 
 Duke of Portland and the fifth Earl of Glasgow, 
 who raced from pure disinterested love of sport. I 
 must express my great surprise at the above remark 
 from such an authority. I should have thought the 
 Admiral was too well acquainted with the fifth Duke 
 of Eichmond to omit his name in connection with 
 those who raced only for the pleasure it afi'orded. 
 Had he substituted his Grace's name for that of the 
 Earl of Glasgow, from my experience I should have 
 considered his remarks more just. 
 
 The noble Earl was undoubtedly most honourable 
 in all his transactions, but at the same time occa- 
 sionally made very heavy bets, and when prejudice 
 prompted him, he would in one bet stake more than 
 the Duke of Eichmond did during his whole career 
 upon the turf. 
 
AND TEE DUKES OF RICHMOND, 99 
 
 With Lord George Bentinck, his Lordship would 
 frequently contract some extensive bets, amounting 
 to £500, £1000, and on one occasion to £5000, 
 viz. when he backed a colt called Whipstock against 
 Surplice, for the Derby. If the three ciphers were 
 erased in this last figure, it would more nearly 
 represent the amount of my dear old master's specu- 
 lations in betting. 
 
 The charming Goodwood estate possessed advan- 
 tages for its owner in keeping a stud of race-horses, 
 which were fully appreciated by Lord George Bentinck 
 in his early associations with racing, he well knowing 
 that no other place possessed such excellent training- 
 ground at all seasons of the year, however variable 
 and exceptionable they might be, together with one 
 of the most excellent and enjoyable race-courses 
 in the kingdom, the only one of its nature situated 
 upon an estate, which not only rendered the course 
 private property, but all the adjoining land for miles 
 around it. Upon the " Goodwood Week " in 1845, 
 an eyewitness wrote : " It is peculiarly sui generis, 
 as it exhibits a great and much- esteemed nobleman, 
 who, sincerely taking the true interest of the turf to 
 heart, and anxious to offer a good example, throws 
 open his park to all comers, and invites them to 
 attend the races. An aristocratic atmosphere per- 
 vades the whole scene. With magnificent scenery, 
 first-rate racing, and the cream of England's best 
 
100 BEGOBBS AND BEMINI8CEN0ES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 society to inspirit and gratify him, a stranger would 
 indeed be fastidious who did not consider the Good- 
 wood course the perfection and paradise of race- 
 grounds." To permit a friend to share these advan- 
 tages was a proof of his Grace's kindly disposition, 
 which he exhibited when he granted to Lord George 
 Bentinck permission to move all his horses to Good- 
 wood, and to engage them in his own name. With 
 such an enthusiasm for racing as Lord George Bentinck 
 had, and such privileges, the natural advantages of 
 the Goodwood estate for training race-horses were 
 extended to the utmost by levelling banks, grubbing 
 up trees, and forming gallops by the joint exertions 
 of the Duke and his Lordship, till perfection was 
 attained. Although his Grace did not breed or 
 possess any animal of extraordinary merit upon the 
 turf, he was successful with many of those he bred, 
 which greatly enhanced his pleasure, as he took the 
 greatest delight possible in his breeding stud. Those 
 which most distinguished themselves of this class 
 were Kefraction, which won the Oaks in 1845 ; Pic 
 Nic, which won the 1000 guineas stakes at New- 
 market in the same year ; Eed Deer, winner of the 
 Chester Cup in 1844 ; Vampyre, which won the 
 Ascot Stakes in 1848 and 1849 ; Eed Hart, which 
 won a number of valuable stakes amounting to 
 £6405 ; Eed Hind, Cuckoo, Officious, Harbinger, 
 Pharos, Homebrewed, Hornpipe, and Ghillie Galium. 
 
AND THE DUKES OF RICHMOND. 101 
 
 In addition to those bred by bis Grace, be possessed 
 Gulnare, winner of tbe Oaks (as previously stated) ; 
 Lotbario, winner of tbe Ascot Stakes and Liverpool 
 Cup in 1845; and a number of otbers bred and 
 purchased by bis Grace, winners of races of less 
 importance, yet still affording bim mucb pleasure. 
 His winnings during tbe wbole of bis racing career 
 amounted to £112,000. Mus, winning tbe Orleans 
 Cup at Goodwood in 1841, was a notable instance 
 of " tbe glorious uncertainty of racing," but tbe most 
 remarkable achievement obtained by bis Grace was 
 tbe victory of Eed Deer when be won the Chester 
 Cup, carrying 4 st., ridden by tbe " tiny " lad 
 Kitchener, himself weighing but 3st. 4lbs., and 
 beating a field of twenty-five animals upon such a 
 course as that, which is almost circular, and about 
 one mile round. 
 
 The race being 2J miles, necessitated tbe horses 
 running twice round and a portion thrice over. 
 
 The course being too narrow to start twenty-six 
 horses abreast, they were started in two rows. Red 
 Deer being in the second. I led him to the post, 
 almost endangering my life, certainly limbs, in being 
 run over by some of the unruly animals in such a 
 confined space of ground for so large a field of horses 
 to be started on. Still, with great difficulty I retained 
 my hold of him till the flag fell, feeling assured, had 
 he broken away before the start was effected, he 
 
102 BEOORDS AND BEMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 would have gone round the course uncontrolled by 
 his little jockey, and probably not have reached the 
 starting-post again, being of a nervous and excitable 
 temperament, and with an unusual long and clamber- 
 ing stride, as represented- in the illustrations of him ; 
 a stride which was so peculiar that George Morley, 
 the artist, was desired to strictly observe it for two 
 or three days before he painted the picture. This 
 long stride, with the tiny jockey and the lightweight 
 upon him, told fearfully upon his opponents, as 
 immediately after starting he took up the running 
 some lengths in advance of the field opposed to 
 him, which lead he continued to increase till he 
 ultimately passed the winning-post first by nearly 
 fifty lengths, the contest being more of the character 
 of a deer-chase in the area of a circus, than a race 
 upon a race-course. 
 
 Upon the return of the horse to Goodwood, the 
 rejoicings were universal upon the road from the 
 Fareham railway-station (the nearest, 22 miles, to 
 Goodwood at that time), and when he reached Chi- 
 chester, the van in which the horse travelled was met 
 by a concourse of persons displaying the yellow and 
 scarlet colours in every form and device, from flags to 
 rosettes and ribbons, etc. Upon reaching the Good- 
 wood park gates, the post-horses were detached by a 
 body of the stable-lads and assistants, who had pro- 
 vided themselves with ropes, poles, etc., to substitute 
 
AND THE DUKES OF RICHMOND. 103 
 
 themselves for the horses, drawing the horse and 
 van in triumph to the stables, where they were met 
 by the noble owner of the horse and a large portion 
 of his family, who were welcomed and cheered to an 
 extent that would vie with the rejoicings after any 
 great victory. 
 
 In 1831 his Grace was one of the stewards of the 
 Jockey Club, and he aided in revising many of the 
 rules laid down by them. Sixty-eight clauses were 
 carefully looked into and the whole code revised. 
 
 A most important question to the sporting world 
 occupied his Grace's attention, namely, the repeal of 
 an obsolete Act of George II. (1740), which prohibited 
 any person from running more than one horse in a 
 race, or from running any horse otherwise than in his 
 own name. 
 
 On the 3rd of March, 1840, his Grace requested their 
 Lordships in the House of Lords to permit the first 
 reading of the bill, which had been rendered necessary 
 by certain transactions of a vexed character. The 
 old Act was hardly known, until some clever solicitor 
 ferreted it out, and served notice of action upon six 
 gentlemen under its provisions. His Grace stated 
 that his late Majesty, who kept race-horses for the 
 purpose of encouraging an amusement which all 
 could enjoy, and of maintaining the breed of horses, 
 frequently ran three horses in one race, and those in 
 the name of the Master of the Horse. His Majesty 
 
104 BE00BD8 AND REMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 by SO doing was liable under the Act to one of the • 
 penalties and the forfeiture of the horses, and the 
 Earl of Albemarle, Master of the Horse, to another 
 penalty. 
 
 The bill, unopposed, was read a first time, and 
 passed through its respective stages ; the royal assent 
 being given by commission. 
 
 Again in 1844 the Duke moved the second reading 
 of the bill to repeal penalties on horse-racing, the 
 object of which was to destroy fraudulent betting, 
 and to restrict considerably all other betting. " He 
 did not bet himself, and he objected to a great deal 
 of the betting which took place upon the turf at 
 present, which if not checked, the turf would soon 
 be deserted." It is somewhat remarkable that two 
 such noblemen as the fifth Duke of Richmond and 
 Lord George Bentinck should have been such intimate 
 friends, and closely associated as confederates in their 
 racing, so diametrically opposite as they were in 
 their views of it, the former objecting to betting, 
 whilst Lord George speculated on the grand scale. 
 By dint of great perseverance, his Grace's motion in 
 the House of Lords was passed, and at a meeting of 
 the Jockey Club, held at Newmarket on Tuesday in 
 the Second October Meeting, 1845, it was resolved : 
 " That the unanimous thanks of the Jockey Club be 
 rendered to his Grace the Duke of Richmond, K.G., 
 for his Grace's indefatigable exertions and eminent 
 
AND TEE DUKES OF RICHMOND . 105 
 
 services in the House of Lords, whereby many obsolete 
 statutes which threatened destruction to the best 
 interests of the turf have been repealed, and the 
 remaining laws in regard to horse-racing put upon 
 a safe and satisfactory footing." 
 
 Upon the "Qui-tam" actions of 1843, when the 
 ^^ common informers " served writs upon the Earl of 
 Eglinton, Lord George Bentinck, John Bowes, George 
 Anson, Jonathan Peel, Charles Greville,'W. H. Gregory, 
 John Gully, and others, it was stated that bets were 
 bets of honour now, but men made bets who had no 
 honour, and what was to be done with them ? Some 
 of the betting men had no character to lose. If they 
 lost £5000, they did not think their characters worth 
 that sum, and therefore would not pay it. 
 
 Although Mr. Charles Greville, throughout his 
 famous *' diary," which he continued to compile for 
 many years, was not particularly flattering to many 
 of his friends whom he visited, he could not refrain 
 from writing : " I never come to Goodwood without 
 fresh admiration of the beauty and delightfulness of 
 the place, combining everything that is enjoyable 
 in life — large and comfortable house, spacious and 
 beautiful park, extensive views, dry soil, sea air, 
 woods, and rides over downs, and all sorts of 
 facilities for occupation and amusement. The Duke 
 is a very good sort of man, and my excellent friend. 
 Here he appears to every advantage, exercising a 
 
106 BECOBDS AND BEMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 magnificent hospitality, and a great personal influ- 
 ence as a sportsman, a magistrate, and an unaffected 
 country gentleman." 
 
 After such commendation from one who was cer- 
 tainly not given to unduly praising any one, it is 
 unnecessary for me to dwell on the excellences of 
 the Goodwood estate and its noble owner. Suffice it 
 to say that I do not believe it ever fell to the lot of 
 any other trainer to serve two such masters as the 
 fifth Duke of Kichmond and Lord George Bentinck, 
 although their views on the sport of racing widely 
 differed. 
 
 As stated by an author of great authority upon 
 all turf matters, "the career of the fifth Duke of 
 Eichmond, not only as the owner of race-horses, 
 but in every sphere of life, was consistent, patriotic, 
 conspicuously upright, and worthy of the highest 
 commendation from first to last." 
 
 On the 10th of March, 1854, after nearly forty years 
 of racing, his Grace retired from the turf and disposed 
 of his brood mares in one lot to M. Lupin, in France. 
 
 The horses in training were sold at TattersalFs. 
 
 His Grace still maintained the race-course and sup- 
 ported the races in a manner that preserved their 
 prestige. 
 
AND TEE DUKES OF RICHMOND. 107 
 
 CHAPTER XL 
 
 THE FIFTH DUKE AS POLITICIAN AND COUNTRY 
 GENTLEMAN. 
 
 I HAVE already, in former chapters, given an outline 
 of the fifth Duke of Eichmond's career as a soldier ; 
 I now proceed to describe him from the point of 
 view of the statesman and country gentleman — " one 
 of the olden time." 
 
 In April, 1816, after returning from active military 
 service, he married Lady Caroline Paget, eldest 
 daughter of the Marquis of Anglesey, and took up his 
 residence at Molecomb, where he continued to live for 
 some time after the death of his father, the fourth 
 Duke, the " Great House " being closed from a feeling 
 of respect for the memory of his revered parent. 
 
 At the expiration of a period of mourning, extend- 
 ing to about eighteen months, his Grace re-opened 
 the family mansion with undiminished hospitality. 
 
 The Duke being precluded from hunting, through 
 the severe wound he received at the battle of Orthez, 
 
108 BE COBB S AND BEMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 substituted shooting for it, as a pastime during the 
 winter season, when it was his delight to entertain 
 his old companions in arms, viz. the Duke of 
 Wellington, Marquis of Anglesey, Earl of Stradbroke, 
 Lord Eaglan, Sir Charles Kowan, the Earl of 
 Uxbridge, and with them the famous Lord Derby and 
 Sir James Graham, whom he furnished with excellent 
 sport among the pheasants, partridges, hares, and 
 rabbits. None enjoyed the sport more keenly than 
 the noble host. 
 
 Seated upon his favourite shooting pony " Pigeon," 
 the perfection of an animal for that purpose, he was 
 as much at home with his gun as the most active 
 sportsman upon terra fir ma, 
 
 " Pigeon " being used for no other purpose than as 
 a shooting pony for his Grace, was, when not 
 required, turned out to grass, and thus was very 
 bulky, having a good broad back, upon which the 
 rider could turn in every direction. As a matter of 
 form a bridle was placed upon her, which was seldom 
 called into requisition. " Pigeon " rarely required 
 any other guidance than her master's voice. 
 
 I often regretted that instantaneous photography 
 was not known at that time, as a snap-shot portrait 
 of his Grace upon " Pigeon," making one of his 
 clever shots, would have been worth preserving. 
 
 To afford his friends enjoyment was his Graces 
 chief pleasure. "When luncheon-time came, and the 
 
AND THE DUKES OF RICHMOND. 109 
 
 joke and the laugh went round, the noble warriors 
 fought their battles over again, and recalled to each 
 other's memory exploits on bloodier scenes than the 
 mimic war in which they were engaged among the 
 pheasants. The talk was of " battles, sieges, fortune, 
 of moving accidents by flood and field, of hair-breadth 
 escapes in the imminent deadly breach, of being taken 
 by the insolent foe." 
 
 Occasionally his Grace caused much mirth by his 
 humorous and pungent remarks. I remember one 
 of the company recalling a dangerous exploit of the 
 Earl of Stradbroke's, in which one of his heels was 
 shot off, causing him to walk upon his toes ever after- 
 wards. " I am afraid Stradbroke," said he, " that 
 you must have been a bolter, showing the enemy a 
 clean pair of heels at the time." 
 
 Although enormous bags were not made upon these 
 occasions (such as are reported nowadays on estates 
 where much rivalry exists, in being able to produce a 
 return of the greatest quantity of game killed in a 
 specified time), I doubt whether more pleasure is ever 
 experienced than the scenes which I describe afforded. 
 
 The Earl of Uxbridge (his Grace's brother-in-law), 
 afterwards Marquis of Anglesey, was greatly attached 
 to his Grace. 
 
 Observing the declining usefulness of " Pigeon " by 
 age, and knowing what a deprivation the loss of her 
 services would be to the Duke, he, after a long search, 
 
110 RECOBJDS AND REMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 found another animal to supply her place, a brown 
 mare named " Peggy," wMcli was a good substitute 
 for " Pigeon." " ^^ggj,'' like " Pigeon," was over- 
 fed, and incapable of much exertion. Being quiet, 
 the young Lords, then children, used to frequently 
 have rides upon her back ; his Grace, however, fearing 
 that the children would spoil her for shooting pur- 
 poses, desired me to take charge of her, and permit 
 her to be ridden by no one but myself. To keep her 
 up to her work, I would take my gun upon her, in 
 quest of wood-pigeons and rabbits. Being more suc- 
 cessful in approaching my game with the aid of 
 " Peggy " than when upon shanks's mare, I thought 
 I would try the effects of my rifle, a rest for which 
 I obtained from the most convenient portion of 
 "Peggy's" frame, after stalking my quarry. The 
 most successful bag I had under these circumstances 
 was thirteen head, thanks to "Peggy's" stolidity. 
 She afforded a perfect rest for the rifle from any part 
 of her body, even from between her ears. I have no 
 doubt that the Earl of Uxbridge had ascertained all 
 these qualities previous to purchasing her and pre- 
 senting her to his Grace. 
 
 His Grace was greatly oocupied in public business, 
 discharging all duties he felt incumbent upon him. 
 He was at all times ready to make great sacrifices, in 
 order to discharge his public engagements, taxing his 
 health and strength, and relinquishing many pleasures. 
 
AND TEE DUKES OF BICEMOND. Ill 
 
 To persons of all classes, who were almost daily 
 calling at the house to see him on business, he would 
 grant interviews, however fatigued and unwell he 
 might be. 
 
 The multitude know but little of the inner life of 
 a great landlord, and of his responsibilities ; and 
 imagine that he leads one of ease and luxury. They 
 know nothing, and desire to know nothing, of the 
 endless labour and care which exalted position brings 
 with it. 
 
 When at Goodwood his Grace seldom omitted 
 attending the Magisterial Bench at Chichester every 
 week, and the Board of Guardians at the Hampnett 
 Union; in the latter he took the greatest interest, 
 frequently going over the building and speaking to 
 the aged and infirm, and the children, in the most 
 kind and sympathetic manner, and he would fre- 
 quently entertain them in the park at Goodwood 
 upon festive occasions, never omitting to address a 
 few kindly words to them, not unfrequently some 
 humorous remarks upon the games in which they 
 were engaged. 
 
 The introduction of the new Poor Laws in 1834 
 necessitated the enlargement of "West Hampnett 
 Place," as the Old Mansion House was known, when 
 purchased by the third Duke of Kichmond, who had 
 caused it to be converted into a " Poor House," now 
 called "West Hampnett Union," and serving upon 
 
112 BEOOBDS AND BEMINI8CENCEB OF GOODWOOD 
 
 the passing of the new Poor Laws for 37 parishes. 
 The fifth Duke of Richmond took the greatest interest 
 in the administration of this law, believing it to be of 
 great advantage to all classes. 
 
 The introduction of the new laws for the relief of 
 the poor, with the new Union Workhouses established 
 all over England, caused at first much friction. The 
 Radicals of those days foamed at the mouth at the 
 mention of Workhouse — Bastille, Jail, and Prison 
 were the mildest ways of putting it, in their view. 
 It was a tremendous struggle to carry these laws. 
 However, the houses were with much patience and 
 labour started; then the pauper's dieting became a 
 burning question. The nutritious soup served out 
 occasionally to the adult paupers at Hampnett Union 
 having been branded with the name of Skillygolee, 
 they refused to consume it, and something like a 
 mutiny was on the point of happening. His Grace, 
 however, as Chairman of the Board, and his fellow 
 Guardians persevered, and after a time the poor people 
 found out that the soup was far better than their 
 usual fare, and eventually Skillygolee became *' first 
 favourite." About that time the Duke had a horse, 
 which having run frequently without success, he had 
 not named. When, however, his horse won the Gold 
 Cup at Southampton, and the Member's Plate at 
 Goodwood, in 1837, it became necessary it should be 
 named. "Call it Skillygolee," said the Duke, "like the 
 
AND THE DUKES OF RICHMOND. 113 
 
 workhouse soup ; it was a long time before I could 
 get it to go, but I have brought them both in 
 winners at last." 
 
 His Grace had a high opinion of the Militia, and 
 his experience in the service caused him to think 
 that it was capable of great development as a third 
 line of defence. He did his utmost to promote its 
 efficiency. 
 
 On the 4th of December, 1819, he was appointed 
 Colonel of the Koyal Sussex (Light Infantry) Militia, 
 which bore the same number as the regiment in 
 which he had served with so much distinction (the 
 52nd), of which fact he was not a little proud. 
 Whenever the Militia was mobilized, the colonel 
 was at his post as the head of the regiment, leaving 
 the comforts of his own home to occupy the field- 
 officers' quarters in the ''hut" barracks at Chichester. 
 He was to be found roughing it with his brother 
 officers, one of whom related to me a characteristic 
 anecdote. When dining with the mess at Brighton, 
 some of the young officers, finding the bread rations 
 running short, vociferated "Bread, waiter," ''Look 
 alive with the bread, waiter," etc. The Duke, 
 although not requiring any, quietly said, " I will 
 thank you for some bread, waiter." This lesson in 
 good manners did not pass unobserved. 
 
 The Duke liked to put the Militia through their 
 evolutions in Goodwood Park. During the time 
 
114 BEOORDS AND REMINISOENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 they were embodied, he was unremitting in his efforts 
 for their efficiency. It was once stated in his presence 
 by a gentleman of position " that the Militia would 
 be of no use." His Grace replied, " that in Sussex, 
 the county which would first be attacked, if an 
 invasion took place, the Militia would be most useful 
 in obstructing the progress of an enemy and in 
 holding positions, until reinforced by the regular 
 troops. If the Chasseurs Britanniques ever got a 
 footing in Sussex," said he, " I confess that I would 
 rather be at the head of a regiment of the line, or of 
 the Guards, than of a militia regiment ; but I believe 
 even they would teach the Chasseurs de Yincennes, 
 were they to come to Sussex, as sharp a lesson as 
 had been taught the Imperial Guard at Waterloo." 
 
 His Grace felt that the brave soldiers who had 
 fought and bled under the Duke of Wellington 
 during the long and critical Peninsular campaign, 
 ought to be awarded medals for their brave services, 
 to which feeling he did not fail to give expression 
 upon every favourable opportunity. Finding, how- 
 ever, that his views were not shared by persons high 
 up at the War Office, he deferred more active steps to 
 endeavour to obtain those medals till 1845, when, 
 on the 21st of July in that year, his Grace said 
 in the House of Lords that, in accordance with 
 the notice which he had given, he begged leave 
 to present a petition from the undecorated officers 
 
AND THE DUKES OF EICEMOND. 115 
 
 who had served in the Peninsula, on the subject 
 of decorations conferred on the army engaged in 
 the last war; and praying that the House would 
 interpose in behalf of the said officers, and bring 
 their case to the notice of her Most Gracious 
 Majesty. The petition was drawn up in so proper 
 and respectful a manner, that he felt the best course 
 he could adopt would be to read a portion of it to 
 the House. 
 
 His Grace then read such portions of the petition 
 as he considered most essential, viz. " The petitioners 
 did not deem it necessary to trouble their Lordships' 
 House with any details of the services in which they 
 had been engaged, because the thanks of Parliament 
 had been repeatedly offered for those duties, and 
 because self-adulation would ill become the character 
 of the British soldiers. They threw themselves on 
 the recommendation of their Lordships, with an 
 earnest hope that the House would interfere in their 
 behalf, by drawing the favourable notice of the 
 Sovereign to their case." 
 
 The Duke then addressed the Lords at considerable 
 length upon the subject, and stated that he felt 
 that he " ought to remind the House of the great 
 importance which the operations in the Peninsular 
 War were to the ultimate pacification of the world. 
 
 "The walls of Parliament had night after night 
 re-echoed with melancholy forebodings that the 
 
116 BECOBDS AND REMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 British army would before long have to fall back 
 upon their ships for refuge, and be forced to return 
 to their native land defeated and disgraced. 
 
 "The glory of the British arms was not only 
 maintained, but the flag of England was planted on 
 the soil of France. The feeling that on his own 
 personal exertions, as it were, might depend the fate 
 of the day, would ever lead the British soldier to do 
 his duty. ..." 
 
 Still he would not put the case of the petitioners 
 on this ground, but he would regard it as an act of 
 justice ; and in this light he was sure the country 
 at large would also view it. His Grace's eloquent 
 appeal in behalf of the warriors was delivered with 
 great warmth of expression and listened to with 
 great attention. 
 
 Unfortunately, the appeal was not supported by 
 the Duke of Wellington, who did not approve of a 
 petition to Parliament to seek a decoration or reward, 
 the bestowal of which was vested exclusively in the 
 Sovereign, and could not be exercised with impar- 
 tiality if the subject were referred to that or the 
 other House of Parliament. 
 
 The Duke of Eichmond in reply to those remarks 
 asked whether the officers of the army lowered them- 
 selves by coming here and asking for a boon ? ''He 
 (the Duke) thought not at all. It was very well for 
 those covered with decorations to say, 'Don't give 
 
AND THE DUKES OF BICEMOND. 117 
 
 medals to captains, and subaltern officers, and non- 
 commissioned officers and privates ! ' but he should 
 like to know whether without these officers and men 
 they would have got their honours themselves ? " 
 
 The question remained in abeyance for some time, 
 when, thanks to the kind consideration of her Majesty, 
 the following document emanated from the Horse 
 Guards : — 
 
 "GENERAL ORDER. 
 
 " Horse Guards, June, 1847. 
 
 " Her Majesty having been graciously pleased to command that 
 a medal should be struck to record the services of her fleets and 
 armies during the wars commencing in 1793 and ending in 1814, 
 and that one should be conferred upon every officer, non-com- 
 missioned officer, and soldier of the army, who was present in any 
 battle or siege ; to commemorate which medals had been struck 
 by command of her Majesty's royal predecessor, and had been 
 distributed to the general or superior officers of the several armies 
 and corps of troops engaged in conformity with the regulations 
 of the service at that time in force ; general and other officers, 
 non-commissioned officers, and soldiers, who consider that they 
 have claims to receive this mark of their Sovereign's gracious 
 recollection of their services, and of her desire to record the same, 
 are each to apply to the Secretary of the Board of General Officers, 
 Whitehall, London, and to send in writing to the same officer 
 a statement of his claim, for what action, at what period of time, 
 and the names of the persons or the titles of the documents by 
 which the claim can be proved." 
 
 A list of the occasions for which medals were 
 granted, numbering twenty-six, was appended, signed 
 "By command of Field-Marshal the Duke of Wel- 
 lington. — John Macdonald, Adjutant-General." 
 
118 EEC ORBS AND BEMINISQENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 Great delay occurred in the preparation of the 
 promised medals. Hence when, in July, 1847, the 
 Earl of Hardwicke brought forward a motion praying 
 her Majesty to grant medals for naval services, the 
 Duke of Eichmond said, " while recognizing the 
 claims of the navy, the claims of the army ought 
 not to be forgotten." On the 14th of December, 
 1847, the Duke of Eichmond rose, pursuant to notice, 
 to ask "when it was probable that the medals 
 intended as rewards would be given to the Peninsular 
 officers and soldiers ? Was it not extraordinary that 
 for battles only fought and won some sixteen months 
 ago the men should get their decorations, and yet 
 for battles fought and won forty-five years ago, no 
 medals could be got ? " 
 
 This appeal failed to produce any satisfactory 
 result, the opposition being supported by so great 
 an authority as the Duke of Wellington, whom it 
 was considered imprudent to overrule. 
 
 The Duke of Eichmond, however, again brought 
 forward the subject so near his heart. He "now 
 wished to ask his noble friend, the Secretary of State 
 for Foreign Affairs, if anything had arisen which 
 could be adduced as a sufficient cause why the 
 medals for the Peninsular Campaign, which had been 
 so long promised, had not been issued to the officers, 
 non-commissioned officers, and private soldiers, and 
 sailors, who had served in the late war." 
 
AND TEE DUKES OF RICEMOND, 119 
 
 A satisfactory reply was received from Earl Grey, 
 but the Marquis of Londonderry "deprecated the 
 recent prostitution of rewards which had taken 
 place," and which he denounced as having been 
 ** squeezed out of the Government." The Duke of 
 Richmond rose to reply in the following words : 
 " I will now move for a return of those officers, 
 and soldiers, and sailors, who are to receive this 
 medal ; I do this to place myself right with regard 
 to the orders of your Lordships' House. After the 
 attack which had been made by the noble and gallant 
 Marquis of Londonderry, I trust your Lordships will 
 permit me to answer that attack. 
 
 " He says that these rewards, these medals, are 
 prostituted, that is, prostitution of these medals to 
 the officers who are not field-officers, the sergeants, 
 the private soldiers who fought in these numerous 
 battles in the Peninsula ; the men who led the 
 forlorn hope at Badajoz, Ciudad Rodrigo, and St. 
 Sebastian ; the men who fought in these great sea 
 battles, to which we shall ever look back with pride, 
 in the history of our country. 
 
 " Prostitution, forsooth ! Prostitution of those 
 medals to the soldiers who gained for the noble 
 Marquis the medals for the actions in the Peninsula 
 which he wears, and with which he is decorated. 
 
 *' I say that the noble Marquis and the officers who 
 commanded regiments, were justly entitled to their 
 
120 BECOBDS AND REMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 well-earned rewards, but I claim for those who have 
 not had the good fortune to be in the highest branch 
 of their profession, but who dedicated their best 
 energies, shed their best blood for their country — I 
 claim for them this decoration. Squeezed out of 
 Parliament ! It was no such thing. 
 
 " The noble Marquis now complains that the medals 
 should not be given at all, because they were not 
 given at the proper time. Because you have been 
 guilty of gross injustice to these veteran soldiers and 
 sailors, is that a reason why you should not now do 
 right ? Her Majesty ordered these medals ; I have 
 ever given the greatest credit to her Majesty's 
 Government for the advice which they gave her 
 Majesty. 
 
 "The noble Marquis supposes that I shall not be 
 popular in the army because I bring forward the 
 question. I never did anything in this House for 
 the purpose of making myself popular. I have 
 always done my duty ; and will continue to do that 
 according to my conscience. I will support the 
 veteran officers and soldiers of the late war when 
 I think them right ; even if a thousand of your 
 Lordships were to get up and say I was seeking a 
 prostitution. 
 
 "I believe that the officers, soldiers, and sailors 
 of the late war will be proud of these medals, 
 for they will be a proof that they were present in 
 
AND TEE DUKES OF BICHMOND. 121 
 
 those battles whicli shed such glory on the British 
 arms." 
 
 As many of these brave fellows were scattered 
 about both abroad and at home, the applications did 
 not flow in so fast as was expected, and the following 
 order was therefore issued — 
 
 *♦ Horse Guards, May Ist, 1849. 
 "Nearly two years have elapsed since General Orders were 
 issued by command of her Majesty, dated June 1st, 1847, 
 requiring all those to make applications who should consider 
 themselves qualified to receive medals for their services during 
 the late war, as therein specified. Although 20,369 officers, non- 
 commissioned officers, and soldiers have, after investigation, been 
 declared qualified, there are still many claims outstanding which 
 have not yet been sent forward. And notice is hereby given, 
 that no claim will be taken into consideration unless submitted 
 in the manner required by the order of June 1st, 1847, on or 
 before the 1st of May, 1850." 
 
 The Duke of Eichmond, with his earnest desire 
 and perseverance to obtain justice for all his comrades, 
 on the 23rd of June, 1849, moved for a return for 
 the actions for which medals had been awarded, by 
 sea and land, from 1794 to 1814, in pursuance of 
 General Orders from the Admiralty and Horse Guards. 
 
 The Duke of Wellington, who, as already shown, 
 was not so favourably disposed towards the awarding 
 of these medals as would have been expected from 
 such a Commander-in-Chief, replied : " It appears to 
 me that the measure that was adopted by the order 
 
122 RECOBDS AND EEMINI8CENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 of 1847, is exactly that which was desired by those 
 to whom this distinction ought to be granted. The 
 complaint originally was that a medal had been 
 granted for services performed in Flanders, and at 
 Waterloo, and that a medal was, on the same plan, 
 subsequently granted for services performed in the 
 East Indies; and that such medal was not granted 
 to those who served in the Peninsula. I consider 
 that the very line adopted, that is to say, the granting 
 medals to those who had been engaged in services 
 which had been already held deserving of the com- 
 mendation in which those services were held at the 
 time they were performed, was a measure that would 
 give satisfaction to all concerned. 
 
 "Your Lordships must observe that it was the 
 Crown that conferred these distinctions, and they 
 were valuable because they were conferred by the 
 Crown ; for whatever officers and soldiers may feel at 
 receiving the approbation of this and the other House 
 of Parliament, it is not this or the other House of 
 Parliament that creates the value of this distinction ; 
 it is being conferred by the Crown. There were 
 many wounded men in this country long before the 
 year 1794, but it was never proposed to reward them 
 by distinctions on account of their wounds." Not- 
 withstanding the Duke of Wellington's avowed 
 feelings in the matter, tantamount to a disap- 
 probation of it, the motion was passed. 
 
AND TEE DUKES OF BICEMOND. 123 
 
 After Earl Grey had pointed out the impossibility 
 of tracing back for so many years as were suggested 
 by the proposition, the Duke of Wellington rose, and 
 said : " The noble Secretary for the Colonies has 
 referred to me for my opinion when former appli- 
 cations were made on this subject, not only to this, 
 but also to the other House of Parliament. It has 
 been stated that the army in the Peninsula was not 
 treated in the same manner as the army in Flanders, 
 and as other armies which have served in China, the 
 East Indies, and elsewhere. 
 
 " All I can say is, that whenever I shall receive her 
 Majesty's orders for such an extension, I will set to 
 work to carry them into execution with the utmost 
 diligence." 
 
 The Duke of Wellington, finding all opposition of 
 no avail, at length yielded, and the medals were 
 obtained and distributed. 
 
124 BEOORDS AND REMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 THE MILITARY TESTIMONIAL TO THE FIFTH DUKE. 
 
 After such a victory over tlie Government and the 
 Horse Guards, the Press was almost unanimous in 
 praise of the Duke of Richmond, as a victor who 
 merited well-earned laurels. Many of these eulogies 
 are before me, but space will not permit me to dwell 
 on them. The expression of public opinion did not 
 evaporate in words only. It was, therefore, deter- 
 mined to present the Duke with a testimonial in 
 recognition of his long and difficult efforts. 
 
 A committee was formed, of which Lord Saltoun 
 was Chairman. After much discussion, it was resolved 
 that the subscriptions were to be rigidly confined to 
 those who had received the medals, and the amount 
 was fixed to range from one pound to five shillings 
 from officers, and for private soldiers ranged as low 
 as one penny. 
 
 Subscriptions flowed in rapidly, and it was arranged 
 to present the Duke with the testimonial at a public 
 dinner to be held at Willis's room. Lord Saltoun 
 being present. 
 
AND THE DUKES OF RICHMOND, 125 
 
 The dinner took place on the 21st of June, in the 
 room where Almack's balls used to be held. Lord 
 Saltoun took his seat a little after seven o'clock, the 
 company numbering about two hundred and fifty, 
 each being decorated with the " War Medal " of silver, 
 about the size of a half-crown piece. Of this 
 decoration they were as proud as if they had won a 
 fresh battle (which, indeed, they had — over ingrati- 
 tude). At this gathering of veterans, a veritable 
 " Old Guard," there were but few who were not 
 already distinguished with medals, while some 
 among them showed a blaze of decorations on their 
 breasts. 
 
 The testimonial was placed on a triangular pedestal 
 of ebony in a recess behind the Chairman. On the 
 summit of a quadrangular pedestal is an allegorical 
 group, representing the Duke of Eichmond directing 
 the attention of Britannia to the merits of her 
 military and naval powers. 
 
 His Grace is represented in the centre, in the cos- 
 tume of a peer, and has in his left hand the memorial 
 to her Majesty, while with his right he directs the 
 attention of Britannia to the figures of Mars and 
 Neptune; and in the hand of Britannia is the war 
 medal, which she is about to distribute. At] the 
 angles of the pedestal are grouped naval and military 
 trophies, between which are panels containing -the 
 following inscription : — 
 
126 EEC ORBS AND BEMINI80ENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 "Presented, on tlie 21st of June, 1851 (being the 
 anniversary of tlie battle of Yittoria), to his Grace 
 the Duke of Eichmond, Lennox, and Aubigny, K.G., 
 by the recipients of the war medal, in grateful re- 
 membrance of his long and unwearied exertions on 
 their behalf, as a token of admiration and esteem from 
 his humbler brethren in arms, who successfully aided 
 in defending their island home throughout a long and 
 tedious war, in which they gained a series of re- 
 splendent victories, that led to the capture of Paris, 
 Madrid, and Washington, and finally to our lasting 
 and honourable peace." 
 
 The interview of his Grace with her Majesty is 
 then represented in relief, and in the other compart- 
 ments are the names of the engagements in which the 
 troops were engaged, to whom the medals had been 
 given. On the base are four groups, viz. two naval, 
 consisting of marines, sailors, and boys, and two 
 military ; the first of the military groups shows a 
 light dragoon dismounted, a light infantryman, a 
 rifleman, a British grenadier, and a mounted hussar ; 
 on the second, a horse artilleryman mounted, a foot 
 artilleryman, a soldier of the line, a highlander, and 
 a heavy dragoon dismounted appear. Between the 
 groups are panels containing arms, and the lower base 
 is empanelled with two military and two naval 
 subjects, viz. the battles of Vittoria and Orthez, and 
 those of the Nile and Trafalgar, which are placed 
 beneath the appropriate groups. 
 
AND THE DUKES OF RICHMOND. 127 
 
 This magnificent testimonial was designed (with 
 the exception of the allegorical groups) by Mr. Alfred 
 Brown, from a sketch presented to him by Lord 
 William Lennox, the Duke's youngest brother. It 
 stands nearly four feet high, and was executed in dead 
 and burnished silver, by Messrs. Hunt and Roskell, at 
 a cost of about fifteen hundred guineas. 
 
 After the usual loyal and patriotic toasts. Lord 
 Saltoun, the Chairman, rose to propose the health of 
 the Duke of Eichmond, and to present his Grace with 
 the "testimonial of the affectionate esteem and 
 respect of his fellow-soldiers." 
 
 To relate in extent what the President said would 
 entail much recapitulation. Suffice to say that his 
 Lordship spoke of the Duke in the highest terms — of 
 his honour, faithfulness, and sincerity and earnestness 
 of purpose. 
 
 The Duke of Richmond, upon rising to respond, 
 was greeted with repeated rounds of cheering. He 
 said — 
 
 '*My Lord Saltoun, I beg to assure you that I 
 feel the difficulty of the task which your kindness, 
 and that of my old companions-in-arms in the naval 
 and military service, has imposed upon me. I am 
 happy to say that with men in every arm of that 
 service (which has imposed upon me the difficult task 
 of adequately returning thanks and acknowledging 
 the feelings of my heart, not only for the manner 
 
128 BEC0RD8 AND BEMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 in wHicli you have received me on the present 
 occasion, but for this splendid and magnificent testi- 
 monial of your personal goodwill towards me) I have 
 been acquainted. I am happy to say that in early 
 life I was acquainted with many of those whom I 
 now have the honour to see around me, and that 
 I always regarded them as friends and brothers. I 
 trust, my Lords and gentlemen, that this splendid 
 testimonial will descend to my children's children, 
 and that it will be an additional reason to them to 
 take advantage of their position to undergo the 
 privations and fatigues, and to share the dangers of 
 their fellow-subjects. I hope and trust, too, gentle- 
 men, that they will not forget the important services 
 which the army and navy of this country have on 
 all occasions rendered ; and I hope that it will be an 
 inducement to them to take care that the heroic 
 deeds in times of war are not to be laid aside 
 and forgotten in periods of peace. Gentlemen, my 
 humble services in obtaining your just claims have 
 been by my noble friend overrated. 
 
 " Gentlemen, you well know the kind and feeling 
 heart of our Most Gracious Sovereign Lady, the Queen. 
 I was aware of the deep anxiety which her Majesty, 
 from the period of her accession up to the present 
 moment, had evinced in doing justice and promoting 
 the happiness of all classes of her subjects. Gentle- 
 men, I felt certain that it was impossible but that 
 
AND THE DUKES OF RICHMOND, 129 
 
 a Queen of England would feel a deep debt of 
 gratitude to those brave and heroic men who, 
 devoting themselves to the profession of arms both 
 by sea and land, have promoted the peace which 
 has so long continued, and maintained her Majesty's 
 illustrious family and herself on the throne of these 
 realms, and have gained for her, too, the proud 
 appellation of the Queen of the Seas. They have 
 placed the empire of England in the first rank of the 
 ruling nations of the world. It was for these reasons 
 that I felt that if an appeal was really and honestly 
 made to the throne, and if her Majesty had advisers 
 worthy to be the advisers of the Crown, that appeal 
 could not be refused. Gentlemen, I feel deeply 
 grateful to my Lord John Eussell and his colleagues 
 for having, after a former administration had refused 
 it, recommended to her Majesty to grant the just 
 request of the memorial which I had the honour to 
 present. Politically opposed as I am to Lord John 
 Eussell and the present Cabinet, I must say to the 
 old war officers here present that I never saw any 
 individual more anxious than he (Lord John Eussell) 
 was that your just claims should be carried out.'' 
 His Grace then recapitulated many of the brave and 
 heroic services rendered by those present, with a few 
 words of advice for their future, and with a regret 
 that many, and perhaps some of the bravest of all 
 grades, were not present, having been hastened to 
 
130 BECOBDS AND REMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 their graves by privations and fatigues, and "thereby 
 bad not tbeir hearts gladdened by wearing the 
 testimonial to which they were entitled of their 
 Sovereign s approbation and their country's gratitude. 
 
 " In the name of the recipients of the war medal 
 and on my own behalf," he continued, " I can only 
 say, we all feel deeply grateful to her Majesty for the 
 favour we have all received. I feel proud, gentlemen, 
 in wearing this medal, because it enables me to 
 address you as one of your old comrades. I will not 
 detain you further than to say that I beg you to 
 receive the most heartfelt acknowledgments of a 
 grateful heart and the best thanks of an old veteran 
 soldier." 
 
 The Chairman, upon rising to propose the health 
 of the Duchess of Kichmond, said : " We are all 
 particularly honoured this night by the presence of 
 many ladies, who I know feel the dangers and 
 solicitude of a soldier's life. We have the honour 
 on the present occasion of her Grace the Duchess 
 of Eichmond, and I shall, without further preface, 
 propose the health of the handsomest woman in Great 
 Britain : — the Duchess of Kichmond, and the ladies 
 who have honoured us with their presence." 
 
 As a matter of course this toast was drunk with 
 three times three, the company standing up to do 
 honour to their visitors. 
 
 The Duke of Kichmond responding, said : ''He 
 
AND THE DUKES OF RICHMOND. 131 
 
 could not allow the health of the Duchess of Kichmond 
 to be drunk by the officers of the two services with- 
 out rising to express the feelings which animated 
 him. It was natural that the Duchess of Kichmond 
 should appear in that gallery to witness the honours 
 heaped upon her husband. She knew those honours 
 were most grateful to his heart, and he would return 
 the gentlemen present her best thanks for the high 
 honour they had bestowed upon her, and add a hope 
 that her children and the children of those children 
 would give themselves to the profession of arms. 
 He looked back to the early days of his life with 
 feelings of the deepest gratification, because he then 
 became acquainted with the best and most gallant 
 spirits that ever existed, not only ofiicers but privates, 
 whose names even were unknown. The Duchess of 
 Eichmond felt as a soldier's daughter, as one born 
 of the right sort, and in her name he thanked them 
 for the compliment they had paid her." 
 
 His Grace then proposed the health of their noble 
 Chairman, who, he stated, " was well worthy of the 
 station he derived from a long line of ancestors. He 
 might, when a young man, have enjoyed the sports 
 of Leicestershire, which he liked very much indeed ; 
 but he preferred his duty to his country to anything 
 else, and having joined a Highland regiment, shared 
 with it the dangers and privations of the field." 
 He remembered well, as he told his hearers, the 
 
132 BECOBBS AND BEMINISCENOES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 occasion to wliicli his noble friend had referred, when 
 he (Lord Saltoun) commanded the Light company 
 of the Grenadier Guards in the wood in front of 
 Hongomont ; and when he had been sent three times 
 to him, with orders from the General, and had received 
 the reply, " Don't distress yourself ; you need not 
 remind me of my duty," and monstrous glad he felt 
 when out of the wood. They all knew the result of 
 that defence, and the influence it exercised on the 
 battle of Waterloo. 
 
 His Grace, upon being requested by the noble 
 Chairman to propose a toast, rose and said : He 
 had always felt himself to be bound by orders, and 
 on no occasion had he felt more grateful than in 
 rising to follow the commands of the chair. He 
 therefore rose to give the "Medical Officers of the 
 Army and Navy, and Civil Departments of both 
 Services." 
 
 ** Among them was, of course, included a very 
 important branch of the Service — the Commissariat, 
 which John Bull had always felt to be a most 
 important service ; for brave as the British soldier 
 was, he could not fight upon an empty belly. As 
 for the medical officers, every man present knew 
 their value, and by land and sea had felt their 
 kind skill and attention. It was well known how 
 Mr. Guthrie, whom they were happy to see among 
 them, had benefited the army by his exertions." 
 
AND TEE DUKES OF BICEMOND, 133 
 
 Mr. Guthrie, in returning thanks, alluded to an 
 incident which took place during the war, when one 
 of our best regiments was thrown into confusion 
 by the tremendous fire of the enemy. " On that 
 occasion three officers had been despatched to bring 
 them into order. The first was the Prince of Orange, 
 the second Lord Fitzroy Somerset, and last, not 
 least, was the Earl of March. When the regiment 
 in question was wavering under that fire, these 
 officers recovered their sinking spirits, and their 
 example and efforts restored the steadiness of the 
 men, and the battle was won." 
 
 It was nearly midnight before the party broke up, 
 for when the President had vacated the chair, the 
 veteran warriors gathered together in small groups 
 to fight their battles over again, and many deeds 
 of daring and miraculous escapes were related, of 
 which the medal they had now received through the 
 Duke's unremitting exertions so forcibly reminded 
 them. 
 
 The Press was again loud in its praises at the 
 consummation of the object which it had so long 
 pleaded. I quote one extract from the Thunderer 
 of those eventful days — the Times : " Military glory 
 is one of the most easily remunerated things in the 
 world. It is incredible what an amount of toil and 
 suffering man will go through, and what noble 
 qualities he will exhibit for the sake of a wreath of 
 
134 BE 00 BBS AND BEMINI80EN0ES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 leaves, a bit of red riband, a little metal cross, or a 
 medal, when we question much if mere money- 
 considerations could have induced him to peril 
 life or limb in the contest. No matter how paltry 
 in itself the reward may be, if it is given by the 
 country as a reward for faithful services, and is 
 recognized by the people as a token of dangers 
 endured and victories won on their account, it will 
 be esteemed by the most practical and sensible of 
 warriors a full recompense for all his ^ privations. 
 But for the Duke of Richmond, however, their 
 claims might have never been recognized, or only 
 been acknowledged when there were none left to 
 make them. At last, however, these faithful soldiers 
 and sailors, whom battle or the lapse of years has 
 yet left to us, have been rewarded by the war medal. 
 ... It was sad, to be sure, to witness some old 
 man, whose breast presented a harvest of orders and 
 decorations, sinking beneath the weight of years, 
 and to think that he would soon pass away from 
 among us, and that there were men who could only 
 see in the event a happy lightening of the annual 
 bill for military services. But generally they bore 
 themselves well, and baffled speculations as to age 
 by a rigid, uncompromising muscularity of face and 
 figure, that told of hard work and little luxury in 
 days gone by. . . . The sight now and then of a 
 coat-sleeve looped up neatly to the breast button, 
 
AND TEE DUKES OF RICHMOND, 135 
 
 or of the leg of a pantaloon dangling carelessly 
 without a leg to fill it, the mark of a grim scar on 
 some ancient face, all under the mellow hue of the 
 wax-lights, filled the eye with a very stirring 
 picture." 
 
 Praise was lavished upon the Duke in all quarters 
 where public opinion finds expression, and never 
 was praise better merited. To overrule such oppo- 
 sition as the Duke encountered from high authority 
 required the persistent efforts of a powerful advocate. 
 
136 BEOORDS AND BEMINISQENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 FURTHER INCIDENTS IN THE POLITICAL CAREER OF 
 THE FIFTH DUKE. 
 
 My reminiscences of the military, sporting, public, and 
 private life of tlie fifth Duke of Richmond and Gordon 
 will now be supplemented by a reference to some 
 further incidents in his political career. 
 
 In 1812 his Grace (then Earl of March) was elected 
 a Member of Parliament for the city of Chichester. 
 He sat for Chichester till 1819, when he succeeded to 
 the dukedom, and took his seat in the House of Lords. 
 
 Whilst he was a member of the Lower House he 
 did not take an active part in debate ; in fact, his 
 duty as a soldier necessitated his frequent absence 
 from England. When he was called to the Upper 
 House he at once took up his duties as a senator. 
 
 Upon the opening of the new Parliament on the 
 27th of April, 1820, the first year after his Grace's 
 accession to the title, a resolution was moved by Mr. 
 Holme Sumner, ''To take into consideration the 
 agricultural state of the country ; " but the proposal 
 
AND TEE DUKES OF RICHMOND, 137 
 
 was neutralized for that session by an amendment, 
 whicli limited the inquiries of the Committee to " The 
 best mode of ascertaining the weekly average of corn 
 prices." 
 
 Although this subject was shelved for the time, it 
 was the one in which before all others his Grace took 
 the deepest interest throughout his life. 
 
 In 1821 and 1822, his Grace, with great vigilance, 
 watched the progress of various Committees which 
 were appointed to investigate the causes of agri- 
 cultural distress, but the first debate in which he 
 took a leading part was on the 11th of June, 1824. 
 When the second reading of the Game Laws Amend- 
 ment Bill was brought forward, the object of which 
 was to legalize the purchase and sale of game, the 
 Duke opposed the bill, stating that although he ad- 
 mitted the great evil of poaching, he did not consider 
 the temptation for its practice would be less after the 
 passing of this bill, as predicted by Earl Grosvenor, 
 though it would be legal for the poacher to sell game 
 which he had stolen, and which could not be identi- 
 fied, nor could he indeed see the possibility of a 
 poacher ever being convicted. 
 
 After some discussion the motion was negatived 
 without a division. When this subject was again 
 brought forward, his Grace admitted that " he was a 
 great reformer upon it, declaring that the existing 
 laws were most unjust in their operation. As regards 
 
138 BECOBDS AND BEMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 the argument that the effect of the bill before the 
 Committee would be the destruction of game, there 
 was just as much reason to apprehend it at present, 
 as any person who chose to destroy it could do so by 
 laying poison in the fields, as there was no law to 
 prevent it. He considered the whole system of the 
 Game Laws so disgraceful that he would vote for any 
 alteration in them that might be proposed ; for it 
 was not by law, but by an armed force, that game 
 was now protected. In 1828 he admitted that upon 
 this subject he was a great reformer, as he would repeal 
 the whole of the laws and substitute a Summary 
 Act in their stead." 
 
 Any matter affecting the agricultural interest he 
 did not fail to entertain, as, for instance, when on the 
 5th of May, 1828, he moved for a Select Committee 
 to inquire into the state of the wool trade, stating 
 that he was satisfied he should be able to lay a case 
 before their Lordships which called for inquiry. 
 
 In 1819 a duty of sixpence was laid upon the 
 importation of foreign wool. For a series of years 
 previous to that, the war which desolated Europe 
 prevented foreign wool, like many other commodities, 
 from being imported into this country. 
 
 The duty of sixpence was, in 1825, reduced to one 
 penny, but the agricultural interest did not agree to 
 this reduction until they received what they supposed 
 to be an equivalent, in the permission to export their 
 
AND THE DUKES OF RICHMOND. 139 
 
 own produce in return ; but this turned out to be a 
 mere imaginary equivalent, inasmucli as, for every 
 pound of wool exported by them, one hundred and 
 four pounds of foreign wool were imported, and the 
 consequence was, that it reduced the price of British 
 wool to less than it was in 1777. It was rather 
 remarkable that the quantity of British cloth ex- 
 ported after the reduction of the duty upon foreign 
 wool, was considerably reduced, as during the five 
 years succeeding that period it decreased to the 
 amount of 81,735 pieces upon the quantity exported 
 in the five preceding years. 
 
 It was this effort that prompted the Duke to pro- 
 pose the appointment of a Select Committee to inquire 
 into the present state of the wool trade, believing the 
 British wool grower had not th» same protection as the 
 owner of any other staple manufacture, and he could 
 see no reason why he should not have. The duties 
 upon copper, timber, bark, and iron, were higher than 
 those upon wool, which were only about 3i per cent. 
 
 His Grace claimed it as an act of justice to be 
 permitted to prove before a Committee that these 
 statements were correct. 
 
 The motion was agreed to, emanating as it did 
 from one who produced such forcible reasons for what 
 he advocated. 
 
 When the Catholic Emancipation Bill was brought 
 forward in 1829, his Grace strenuously opposed it, 
 
140 RECOBDS AND BEMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 and took an active part in the debate upon it, stating 
 tliat " he should feel it to be his duty as a peer of 
 that House to give every possible opposition to the 
 measure now in progress, which in his opinion was 
 decidedly hostile to the best interest of the country, 
 and he trusted that his opposition would be found 
 manly, fair, and open. He would not call to his aid, 
 in opposing the Roman Catholic claims, any other 
 weapon but the regular Parliamentary practice, and 
 he wished it most particularly to be understood that 
 if these measures, unfortunately in his opinion, should 
 be carried, no man would be more anxious than him- 
 self to see them produce a good effect ; and no man 
 would feel greater gratification than he should do, if 
 he found they answered the expectations which had 
 been formed as to their efficacy ; but he felt convinced 
 that if unhappily the noble Duke (Wellington) should 
 gain the victory upon this occasion, he would, for 
 the first time in his life, be compelled to deplore the 
 success." 
 
 His Grace presented a petition from the county of 
 Sussex against the Catholic Emancipation Bill, also 
 one from Brighton, signed by nearly four thousand 
 of the inhabitants, remarking that it was with sincere 
 satisfaction that he had heard that a certain noble 
 Lord had declared that the clergy of the Church of 
 England were opposed to the contemplated measure. 
 " It was generally acknowledged that the clergy were 
 
AND TEE DUKES OF RICHMOND, 141 
 
 in the habit of following the Government, but he was 
 happy to see that in this instance they had thought 
 it necessary, in defence of the Protestant religion, to 
 make a stand against the Government." All opposi- 
 tion to the bill was in vain, the third reading being 
 carried by 213 against 109. Lord Eldon, who was 
 a strong opponent, declared that he would sooner lay 
 down his existence that very night, than awake to 
 the reflection that he had consented to an act which 
 would stamp him as a traitor to our constitution. 
 
 The noble Duke delivered a most effective speech 
 upon the subject, saying that a noble Earl (Wicklow) 
 had called upon those who opposed the Government 
 to state what they would wish to substitute in its 
 place. " No opinion of his upon this point could have 
 much weight with their Lordships, and therefore he 
 would quote that of a higher legal authority, who, 
 after having argued the question at considerable 
 length, and declared that the granting of emancipa- 
 tion would be the upsetting of the Protestant Church, 
 being asked what he proposed to substitute for eman- 
 cipation, said, ' I do not know that I ought to be re- 
 quired to answer such a question, my answer therefore 
 is, that I am not a member of his Majesty's Govern- 
 ment. I am not one of the Ministers of the Crown ; 
 I have no connection with the Government ; I am not 
 united to them otherwise than by the respect I owe 
 to the individuals of which it is composed. It would 
 
142 BECOBDS AND BEMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 consequently be idle of me, and, indeed, mischievous, 
 to pretend to say what is my opinion as to the 
 measures that might be adopted/ He concurred in 
 that opinion ; he thought it would be extremely im- 
 proper in any one not holding office to declare his 
 sentiments on the point referred to ; and therefore he 
 felt much respect for the Master of the KoUs of 1827 
 (Lord Chancellor Eldon) for having made that state- 
 ment. The noble Lord (Wicklow) said that the 
 Catholics had always stepped forward to fight the 
 battles of their country. He was aware that 
 the majority of the Catholic population had taken a 
 patriotic part in the struggles in which the country 
 had been engaged ; and though he was not disposed 
 to give the Catholics credit for having won every 
 action which had been fought on sea and land, yet 
 he would admit that they had conducted themselves 
 most meritoriously. But did any one believe that 
 the class of individuals who had done all this would 
 gain anything by the measure proposed ? Were not 
 noble Lords about to disfranchise these men, to take 
 away the only rights and privileges which were left 
 them? Did any one believe that these individuals 
 would obtain seats in Parliament and in the Cabinet ? 
 No. Then he would entreat the noble Lords who were 
 prepared to disfranchise the large body of individuals, 
 to correct any abuses which might exist, but not to 
 punish the majority for the fault of a portion, and 
 
AND TEE DUKES OF RICHMOND. 143 
 
 to beware of the principle involved in the question 
 before they consented to limit the elective franchise 
 in Ireland." 
 
 Upon the opening of Parliament on the 4th of 
 February, 1830, the prevailing distress in the country 
 was referred to in the Koyal speech, and the Houses 
 were urged to consider the best measures to be adopted 
 for its removal. The language of the speech, temperate 
 though it was, called down on the Duke of Wellington 
 nearly as much asperity of language as was bestowed 
 on Sir Eobert Peel during the Free Trade Movement. 
 
 The Duke of Eichmond asked with warmth of 
 feeling : " Were their Lordships then to tell the 
 labourer and manufacturer that they must starve ? 
 Were they to tell the yeomanry that there was no 
 remedy for them but patience ? That was not the 
 language to hold out to them in their distress. He 
 should not, however, shrink from the performance of 
 his duty, although he might be exposed to the serious 
 charge by so doing of assaulting (he believed that 
 was the word) the Administration." 
 
 The next subject brought forward in the House, in 
 which his Grace took an active interest, was a motion 
 submitted by Earl Stanhope, respecting the state of 
 the nation ; upon which his Grace said he never 
 heard a more convincing speech than that of the 
 noble Lord, by whom the motion was brought 
 forward. The Duke, whilst remarking upon the 
 
144 BEOOBDS AND BEMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 distress of the labourers, stating that they were loyal 
 to their King and obedient to the laws, and sought 
 not to intimidate, but asked from their Lordships for 
 that inquiry which it seemed to him they had an 
 actual right to demand. 
 
 He declared that statements appeared every day 
 in the newspapers that peasants, guiltless of crime, 
 were harnessed to waggons and degraded to the labour 
 of brutes. This cruel occurrence was frequently 
 witnessed, not only in Chester, but in the very county 
 where the head of the G overnment was one of the 
 principal land-owners and the Lord-Lieutenant ; to 
 which the Duke of Wellington replied in a most 
 dignified manner, deprecating personal attacks, which 
 could do no good to the cause they all had at heart. 
 
 The Duke of Eichmond replied that the noble 
 Duke must know but little of him if he supposed 
 that anything which he had said had been dictated 
 by personal feeling. He had served under the noble 
 Duke's banner, and had passed some of the happiest 
 days of his life with him, and if he were to act as 
 his personal feelings dictated, it would be in every 
 case to support the noble Duke. He had alluded to 
 an occurrence in which the noble Duke had a pre- 
 ponderating influence, only to corroborate his assertions 
 that the English peasantry were men in a most 
 impoverished and degraded state. 
 
 Upon the accession of William IV. to the throne, 
 
AND TEE DUKES OF BJCHMOND. 145 
 
 a strong opposition was offered to the suggestion 
 that Parliament should be dissolved, although the 
 Duke of Wellington declared that '' if the amendment 
 were passed, it would be viewed as a complete defeat 
 of Ministers." Many of those to whom the Prime 
 Minister looked for support were against him, in- 
 cluding the Duke of Kichmond, the Marquis of 
 Londonderry, the Earl of Mansfield, and Lords 
 Wharncliffe, Harrowby, Winchester, and Eldon, all 
 of whom stated that they should vote for the amend- 
 ment; and the Duke of Eichmond denounced the 
 Government " as a Government of mere expediency, 
 full of vacillating proposals, never daring to propose 
 and support measures on their own proper grounds." 
 
146 BECORDS AND BEMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 PUBLIC LIFE OF THE FIFTH DUKE. 
 
 When the funeral of George IV. took place at Wind- 
 sor, on tlie 15tli of July, 1830, his Grace was selected 
 as one of the pall-bearers, and in speaking of that 
 solemnity pointed out how different was the mourning 
 and the unfeigned sorrow which characterized the 
 funeral of Princess Charlotte, " the loss of millions." 
 I may recall the fact that when the case of his 
 Majesty George IV. v, the Queen was brought before 
 the House of Lords, after a debate of four nights, 
 and the motion against the Queen was carried by 
 a majority of twenty-eight, the Duke of Richmond 
 was a dissentient. 
 
 In November, 1830, King William IV. and the 
 Queen had promised to honour the Lord Mayor's 
 feast at Guildhall by their presence, and great pre- 
 parations had been made. On the 7th of November, 
 however. Sir Robert Peel wrote to the Lord Mayor, 
 stating that the King, following the advice of his 
 Ministers, had resolved to postpone his visit to a 
 
AND TEE DUKES OF BICHMOND. 147 
 
 future occasion. This arose from information the 
 Government had received that advantage might be 
 taken of the nocturnal assemblage of multitudes to 
 create a tumult. Considerable fear was entertained 
 in London, as the populace had recently turned 
 against the Duke of Wellington in consequence of 
 his opposition to the Keform Bill. It was soon dis- 
 covered that there was no real cause for apprehension, 
 and severe censure was passed in both Houses upon 
 Ministers for preventing the King's visit to the city- 
 feast. During the discussion in the Upper House, 
 the Duke of Eichmond declared that the King reigned 
 in the hearts of his countrymen, and might have 
 gone safely, unaccompanied by guards, through every 
 street in the metropolis. 
 
 The Duke of Wellington, although politically 
 opposed to his old aide-de-camp, replied to him in 
 the most complimentary terms as follows : " Before 
 I proceed to address myself to the subject before 
 the House, I feel it necessary to say that I am under 
 great obligations to the noble Duke (of Eichmond) 
 for putting it in my power to explain the circum- 
 stances of the letter to which he has alluded. Before 
 I begin, however, I wish to state that I concur in 
 the opinion delivered by the noble Duke, that his 
 Majesty is the most popular sovereign that ever 
 reigned in this country ; and still more that he is 
 a sovereign whose public and private conduct most 
 
148 BECORBS AND REMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 deserves the popularity wliicli lie lias attained." He 
 then read to the House the letter which the Lord 
 Mayor had addressed to him, and after explaining 
 his reasons for urging the King to postpone his visit 
 to the city banquet, proceeded thus : " The noble 
 Duke (of Kichmond) has asked if the news of disorder 
 and tumult was confined to the city of London, and 
 if there were apprehensions of revolt in other places ? 
 There were not ; it is sufficient for me to know that 
 there were such apprehensions in the City. Other 
 noble Lords must be better acquainted than I am 
 with many parts of the country. The noble Duke 
 himself knows more of the disposition of the people 
 of Sussex than I do." 
 
 Upon the resignation of the Duke of Wellington 
 as Premier and the accession of Earl Grey to that 
 office, the Duke of Richmond joined the Cabinet as 
 Postmaster-General, and carried out the duties of that 
 laborious office with unremitting attention, discharging 
 them with energy and perseverance, and effecting 
 many reforms, so soon as he had made himself master 
 of the various subjects connected with the office. 
 
 By his regular attendance, he discovered many 
 cases of impositions and negligence on the part of 
 well-paid officials, who were in the habit of absenting 
 themselves far too much, and employing others to 
 discharge their duties at a greatly reduced remunera- 
 tion. His Grace thought those who laboured should 
 
AND THE DUKES OF RICHMOND, 149 
 
 reap the full reward of their labour, and he therefore 
 dismissed the sinecurists, and raised the salaries of the 
 substitutes who had done all the work. So thoroughly 
 did he master the work of his department, that he 
 ably met every attack made upon his administration. 
 Even that eminent reformer and political economist, 
 Mr. John Hume, could score nothing against him. 
 
 Upon the introduction of the " New Keform Bill " 
 into the House of Lords, after expressing his views 
 upon it, his Grace said he would say before he sat 
 down, " that he was no friend to a radical change in 
 the system of representation, but he thought some 
 change necessary, in the existing state of opinion ; 
 and although he would not then state to what extent 
 he thought that change ought to go, he promised to 
 give any proposition on that subject which might be 
 brought before the House his best attention. He 
 would be one of the last to yield to the clamours of 
 the mob ; but he agreed with those who thought that 
 some reform was necessary, and he was prepared to 
 concede the demands of the people." 
 
 When the subject was further discussed in the 
 House, his Grace explained his views more fully. 
 " He said that it was not his purpose to take up the 
 time of their Lordships ; but as he had been alluded 
 to, and as a charge of inconsistency had been else- 
 where urged against him, he wished to make a few 
 observations. Taking the present question merely 
 
150 BECORDS AND REMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 upon its own merits, it must be considered one of 
 overwhelming interest, and lie therefore little supposed 
 that the opinions of so humble an individual as him- 
 self would have attracted notice on so important an 
 occasion. It had, however, been thought fit to appeal 
 to his protest against the disfranchisement of the 
 ' forty-shilling freeholders,' and an attempt had been 
 made to draw a parallel between that disfranchise- 
 ment and the proposed disfranchisement of the 
 boroughs, for the purpose of fastening upon him a 
 charge of inconsistency in supporting the Eeform Bill. 
 He would not now flinch a tittle from his former 
 statements, or pare down any one of his expressions, 
 with a view to his exculpation. A great measure 
 had been brought forward, disfranchising 180,000 
 freeholders, without any accusation of corruption 
 having ever been brought against them." 
 
 The Duke then went on to justify his protest 
 against "seizing upon and confiscating the indu- 
 bitable rights, privileges, and franchises of unoffend- 
 ing citizens," asking what was the analogy between 
 the case of sixty rotten boroughs and the one re- 
 ferred to. 
 
 " Were the patrons of boroughs and the nominees of 
 patrons unoffending, or were they unheard, and was 
 their case unadvocated ? He would not for a moment 
 admit the special pleading and sophistry by which 
 this question had been attempted to be disguised. 
 
AND THE DUKES OF RICHMOND, 151 
 
 He trusted that they would not refuse their sanction 
 to a measure, which must have the effect of uniting 
 the hearts of all his Majesty's subjects, which would 
 increase their respect for and their confidence in 
 Parliament, and their affection for their Sovereign." 
 
 On the 8th of September, 1831, when William IV. 
 was crowned, the Duke of Kichmond bore the sceptre 
 and dove, but owing to the depressed state of trade 
 and the sailor King's dislike to ostentation, the usual 
 gorgeous ceremonies were dispensed with, and no 
 banquet was held in Westminster Hall. 
 
 On the 3rd of October, the Eeform Bill was thrown 
 out in the House of Lords by a majority of forty-one ; 
 which result caused the greatest excitement in the 
 metropolis. The mansions of the Duke of Wellington 
 and the Earls Bathurst and Dudley were attacked by 
 the mob. The Duke of Cumberland was dragged from 
 his horse and in great danger of serious injury, but 
 the police fortunately rescued him. These riots were 
 not confined to the capital, but extended to many of 
 the provincial towns, where most deplorable excesses 
 occurred. At Bristol the soldiers were called out, 
 about a hundred lives were sacrificed, and two 
 hundred of the rioters in that city were apprehended, 
 eighty-one of whom were convicted, and five left for 
 execution, but only four suffered the extreme penalty. 
 
 The King prorogued Parliament on the 26th of 
 October, and on the opening of the Houses on the 
 
152 BECORDS AND BEMINISCENQES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 6th of December, the intention of the Government to 
 introduce a New Keform Bill was announced. Lord 
 John Eussell introduced the bill, which was passed by 
 a majority of nearly two to one. The bill having left 
 the Commons, was carried to the bar of the Upper House 
 by Lord John Eussell, Lord Althorp, and others. The 
 anti-reformers exerted every influence to defeat the 
 Government, and Lord Lyndhurst's amendment was 
 carried by a majority of thirty-five, which resulted in 
 the resignation of the Ministers. 
 
 The King sought the advice of the Duke of Welling- 
 ton, who, with that promptitude and devotion to his 
 Sovereign which characterized the great warrior, at once 
 placed his services at the King's disposal. The Duke 
 (of Wellington) failing in his attempt, Lord Grey was 
 again restored to favour, the bill was passed, and on 
 the 7th of June the Koyal assent was given to it by 
 commission, thus establishing the Duke of Eichmond's 
 views upon the matter, which he so earnestly expressed 
 upon the first introduction of the bill. It was upon 
 the memorable occasion when Earl Grey, determined 
 to carry the Eeform Bill, had begged his Majesty to 
 create a batch of new peers in order to effect it, that 
 the Duke of Eichmond was urged to accept the proud 
 distinction of Premiership, a result which the King's 
 eldest daughter. Lady Sidney, exerted her best efforts 
 to attain. Although his patriotism and good sense 
 fully qualified him for such a distinction, his Grace's 
 
AND TEE DUKES OF BICEMOND. 153 
 
 impaired constitution led him to doubt his capacity 
 for such a responsible position. 
 
 With the exception of the Postmaster-Generalship, 
 he never accepted an office in any Government. 
 During the time of excitement, when the House of 
 Lords was being coerced into passing a measure of 
 which the majority disapproved, Lady Sidney drove 
 in the middle of the night to the door of a near 
 relation of the Duke of Eichmond's, and pointed out 
 the danger which beset the throne and monarch, and 
 that nothing could extricate the country but the 
 support of the Duke of Eichmond and those politically 
 connected with his Grace. The difficulties under 
 which the Government laboured were ere long re- 
 moved, and the noble Duke was spared the heavy 
 responsibilities of the high office he was entreated 
 to fill. 
 
 The first general election under the New Eeform 
 Bill took place in January, 1833, when the ministerial 
 candidates were successful in the boroughs, but in 
 the counties they were not. 
 
 In August, 1833, his Grace supported a bill intro- 
 duced by the Government for the abolition of slavery, 
 the ninth clause of which, viz. " apprenticed labourers 
 not to be removed from the colonies," was opposed 
 by the Duke of Wellington. The Duke of Eichmond 
 replied : "It was well known that slaves had an ex- 
 cessive repugnance to being removed from one place 
 
154 REOOBBS AND BEMINISCENOES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 to another. Many cases had occurred in which slaves, 
 to whom the option had been made, refused even to 
 be transferred from an unhealthy place to a healthy 
 one. In point of fact, as it was, slaves were not com- 
 pelled to go from one estate to another, and surely 
 apprenticed negroes ought not to be put in a worse 
 position than the slaves." 
 
 About this time his Grace had to proceed to France 
 on some important business connected with his 
 Aubigne property there, but his presence in the 
 House of Lords being considered by his colleagues of 
 paramount importance, an express was sent to him to 
 that effect to Paris, and he returned home immediately. 
 
 Upon the next meeting of Parliament, Mr. Ward 
 brought forward a motion in which he proposed to 
 apply Church property to secular purposes, which 
 caused Mr. Stanley, Sir James Graham, and soon after- 
 wards the Duke of Eichmond and the Earl of Eipon, 
 to retire from the Cabinet, a result that afforded great 
 advantages to O'Connell and his party. The rupture 
 might have been avoided had the Cabinet been 
 formed, and carried on, upon a distinct understanding 
 to support the Protestant Church, instead of making 
 its establishment dependent on the comparative 
 strength or weakness of the Catholic Church. Such, 
 at any rate, was the general opinion at the time. 
 
 When the Earl of Wicklow, in June, 1834, sub- 
 mitted a motion respecting the Church of Ireland, the 
 
AND TEE DUKES OF RICHMOND. 155 
 
 Duke of Kichmond stated the motives that led to his 
 secession from office. He thought that, as a public 
 man, he was not at liberty to relieve himself from 
 the responsibility of office without fully explaining 
 to the public why he had separated, though with 
 feelings of the deepest regret, from colleagues with 
 whom he had cordially agreed on all those great and 
 liberal measures, which fortunately, as he believed, for 
 the country, they had carried into effect. But although 
 he had acted with them upon all other points with 
 the most cordial concurrence, he appealed to them 
 whether he had ever disguised his repugnance of any 
 abandonment of those principles which he thought 
 were involved in the appointment of this Commission. 
 The present was not the first time he had expressed 
 his opinion on the subject. 
 
 '' On the difierent debates upon the Catholic 
 question, he had fully and freely expressed his 
 opinion. He expressed his apprehension that the 
 establishment of a Catholic in room of a Protestant 
 Church was contemplated by those who were urging 
 changes, which he thought dangerous to the well- 
 being of the State. 
 
 " He had no objection to an inquiry, if its object was 
 to correct, and not to destroy, and to extend the in- 
 fluence and the usefulness of the Protestant Church 
 in England and Ireland. He only quitted office from 
 a sense of duty, and no feeling of a personal nature 
 
156 RECOBBS AND REMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 had induced him to quit the immediate service of the 
 Sovereign from whom he had received every mark of 
 kindness, or to cease acting in immediate concert with 
 colleagues, in co-operation with whom he had always 
 felt the greatest satisfaction. However much he 
 differed upon a question of public importance, he 
 trusted that would not interrupt the progress of 
 private friendship." 
 
 Upon a later occasion, his Grace availed himself of 
 an opportunity of stating that what he had said upon 
 a former occasion was not without the express sanction 
 of his Sovereign, as, in cases of this sort, where the 
 honour of an individual was concerned, he was anxious 
 for the House to know that he had not stated any- 
 thing without that sanction. " In consequence of 
 despatches from the Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, 
 recommending that a Commission should issue, the 
 subject was taken into consideration, and from that 
 time till he left the Cabinet he had heard nothing 
 further about it." 
 
 When the new Parliament met on the 19th of 
 February, 1835, under the premiership of Sir Eobert 
 Peel, his Majesty opened Parliament in person, and in 
 his speech made special allusion to the country party, 
 and " deeply lamented that the agricultural interest 
 still laboured under depression, and earnestly recom- 
 mended it to the consideration of Parliament, with a 
 view to relief," concluding his speech with a hint 
 against reforms. 
 
AND TEE DUKES OF BICEMOND. 157 
 
 CHAPTEE XV. 
 
 PUBLIC LIFE OF THE FIFTH DUKE (contiuued). 
 
 The agricultural interest and tlie question of reform 
 being two subjects in which the fifth Duke of 
 Kichmond took the highest interest, his Grace ex- 
 pressed his intention to support the Government, 
 as did also the Earl of Ripon, so far as they could 
 applaud its measures. During the debate upon the 
 address, which was carried without a division, his 
 Grace rose to explain the grounds on which he in- 
 tended to vote. He said : " Ridicule has been 
 attempted to be fastened upon those who wished 
 to give the present Government a fair trial ; now, 
 although he candidly acknowledged that he had 
 no confidence in the composition of the present 
 administration, the fact of its members having 
 turned round upon the Catholic question had never 
 had his approbation, or been a cause with him for 
 giving them confidence ; yet at the same time, when 
 he found the country had been appealed to by the 
 King, and that his Majesty in his speech, which was 
 
158 RECORDS AND REMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 the speecli of Ministers, liad declared an intention of 
 proposing to Parliament measures which he thought 
 of paramount importance, he should feel himself to 
 blame if he refused them the opportunity of laying 
 their measures before Parliament." 
 
 When in July the Earl of Kadnor moved that 
 the Subscription to the Thirty-nine-Articles Bill be 
 read a second time, his Grace expressed his intention 
 to vote in favour of it, feeling it could not be con- 
 strued into an attack upon the Church Establishment 
 of the country or the Thirty-nine Articles. "If he 
 thought so, he would not support it, but he felt 
 that it would be absurd to call upon a youth at 
 the Universities to subscribe to the Articles of the 
 Church, before he could be aware of their nature. 
 He was an advocate for the admission of Dissenters 
 to the Universities, because he believed that by 
 their being sent there, it was probable that many 
 of them would be converted to what he, in his 
 conscience, believed to he the true faith, namely, that 
 of the Protestant Church of England, Still, he 
 thought that there should be some tests as regards 
 tutors, but none to be taken by the pupils." 
 
 By the death of the King, on the 20th of June, 
 the Parliament of 1837 terminated. 
 
 William lY. was highly respected by all classes, 
 and by no one more than the Duke of Eichmond, 
 who felt his loss acutely, an unrestrained intercourse 
 
AND THE DUKES OF EICHMOND. 159 
 
 founded upon mutual attachment having existed 
 between them for years. It was, therefore, a sad 
 trial for his Grace when he acted as one of the 
 pall-bearers, thus paying a parting tribute of respect 
 to the illustrious dead, and his constant friend. 
 Such was the esteem of his Grace with our Sovereigns, 
 that at the coronation of Queen Victoria in the 
 following year, he again bore the sceptre and the 
 dove, and as a souvenir from her Majesty, he was 
 presented with the blue cushion, bright with bullion, 
 upon which her Majesty knelt to be crowned, and 
 which is now in the new drawing-room of Goodwood 
 House. 
 
 Upon the occasion of her Majesty's marriage, in 
 February, 1840, Lady Caroline Gordon Lennox, after- 
 wards Countess of Bessborough, the eldest daughter 
 of his Grace, acted as bridesmaid. 
 
 His Grace does not appear to have taken any very 
 active part in politics for the next three or four 
 years. When the Anti-Corn Law League became 
 active, effected a marked progress and made a 
 sensation in the country, the Duke appeared once 
 more in the congenial character of the " Farmer s 
 friend," and was selected in 1845 as President of 
 the Society for the Protection of Agriculture, a 
 body created to counteract the league under Cobden. 
 
 When the next Parliamentary sessions opened, 
 his Grace took a very prominent part in the House 
 
160 REC0BD8 AND BEMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 as champion of the farmers. Upon the address 
 being moved, he took exception to it on the ground 
 that while it expressed satisfaction at the national 
 prosperity, no mention was made of the agricultural 
 depression, or the losses that those engaged in farm- 
 ing had incurred during the last few years. " There 
 was," he said, " a Board of Trade, which represented 
 a commerce and manufactures ; why was there not 
 also a Board of Agriculture? He also greatly 
 regretted that no promise was held out of any 
 alleviation of the hardship with which the income- 
 tax pressed upon the agricultural tenant." When 
 the discussion on the income-tax took place, he 
 complained greatly of the absence of any relief to 
 the agriculturist, and sneered at such measures as 
 the remission of the glass duty and that on auctions, 
 as if it was to be supposed that they could be of 
 any practical advantage. Yet he would support 
 the bill to uphold public credit. On the motion 
 for going into Committee upon the proposed reduction 
 of the auction duties, his Grace very sensibly stated : 
 " It was a measure uncalled for by the country ; 
 under the present auction duties the tenant-farmer 
 had an exemption, and while they were asking for 
 relief throughout the country, the Government was 
 repealing an Act that exempted the farmers from 
 its operation. He objected to the present bill, 
 because the £300,000 or £400,000 derived from 
 
AND THE DUKES OF BIOEMOND. 161 
 
 the present auction duties, if they were not repealed, 
 might be very beneficially applied to the relief of 
 the agricultural interest of the country. He would 
 say, repeal the malt-tax ; or he would relieve the 
 land of the assize and gaol expenses, now paid out 
 of the county rates, which would amount to about 
 £200,000 or £300,000, to be charged on the con- 
 solidated fund. They wanted justice to be done 
 them. On what principle was the landed interest 
 of the country required to pay for the apprehension 
 of every prisoner, for his maintenance in prison, 
 and for the prosecution ? The Government paid 
 half the expenses of the assizes and the sessions, 
 but why should counties pay anything towards the 
 assizes ? The county had no control whatever over 
 their expenditure. The land was very properly 
 made to support a clergyman in every parish, but 
 why was it forced to support a chaplain in every 
 workhouse and gaol? Why should the expense 
 be thrown exclusively on the land? He wished 
 that the noble Lord would ask his friends the 
 manufacturers, whether they thought the bargain 
 the landed interest at present had was a very good 
 one ? The land had also to bear the whole expense 
 of maintaining the wives and children of those 
 confined in prison, and of men transported ; to whom 
 did their property go ? It did not go towards the 
 county rate, but to the Crown. When recognizances 
 
 M 
 
162 BECOBDS AND BEMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 were estreated they also went to the Crown. Was 
 it fair that one should bear all the loss and the 
 other take the profits ? There was not a session 
 that did not throw some additional expense on the 
 land, because the Chancellor of the Exchequer did 
 not care how much the county rates were burdened. 
 His proposition had been brought forward in another 
 place, but it was opposed, on the ground that it 
 would appear to be a want of confidence in the 
 Government. For his part, as far as their agri- 
 cultural measures were concerned, he should be 
 prepared to support a vote of want of confidence in 
 them. He disliked those measures, because he con- 
 sidered them a step towards free-trade, and because 
 they tended to throw many of the meritorious 
 labourers of the country out of employ." 
 
 This forcible speech his Grace concluded by moving 
 that the bill be read that day six months, which 
 amendment was negatived by thirty-three to fifteen. 
 He then moved to admit some of the articles specified 
 for reduction of duty, which proposal was also nega- 
 tived, and the Customs Bill was passed. 
 
 Lord John Kussell, foreseeing the serious conse- 
 quences of the failure of the potato crop in Ireland 
 issued an address to the electors of the city of London, 
 attributing the then existing distress to the Corn 
 Laws, and declaring that his opinions were completely 
 changed on the question. 
 
AND THE DUKES OF RICHMOND. 163 
 
 Sir Eobert Peel, finding his colleagues opposed to 
 the suspension of the Corn Laws by an Order in 
 Council, tendered his resignation, which, being 
 accepted. Lord John Russell attempted to form a 
 Whig Government, but failed. The Queen again 
 called in Sir Eobert Peel. Upon his return to power, 
 that statesman brought forward the Repeal of the 
 Com Laws, which caused the then Lord Stanley 
 (afterwards Earl of Derby) to resign the Colonial 
 Office, and caused the Duke of Wellington to make 
 the following speech. He said : " He had highly 
 applauded Sir Robert for consenting to resume office 
 under the circumstances of the case ; he had been 
 delighted at his conduct; it was e:^actly the course 
 he should have followed under similar circumstances. 
 He had been determined that he himself for one would 
 stand by him ; he had felt it his duty to do so, think- 
 ing that the formation of a Government in which her 
 Majesty would have confidence, was of greater impor- 
 tance than any opinion of an individual on the Corn 
 Laws, or on any other. At the same time, he admitted 
 that when he, on this occasion, agreed to support the 
 Premier, he was fully aware that that Minister must 
 now, in consequence of the recent negotiations he had 
 entered into, propose a far more sweeping measure 
 than had hitherto been contemplated." 
 
 This remarkable speech caused quite a consterna- 
 tion, being so diametrically opposite to what the 
 
164 BECOBDS AND BEMINISOENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 noble Duke had upon former occasions expressed. 
 The proposal of such a sweeping measure met with a 
 strong opposition from many influential members of 
 the House, especially from the Duke of Kichmond, who 
 denounced those who had deserted, or were about to 
 desert the Conservative ranks, in no measured terms. 
 
 The bill, however, passed its third reading, the Duke 
 of Eichmond not pressing his amendment (" that it be 
 read a second time this day six months ") to a division. 
 
 The Duke of Wellington's speech on the Corn Laws 
 was the last he ever made in the House of Lords as 
 a Minister of the Crown. 
 
 When Parliament met on the 22nd of January, 1846, 
 the session was opened by her Majesty in person. 
 The Koyal speech referred principally to the state of 
 Ireland, as to crime and the deficiency of the potato 
 crop, intimating remedial measures in both respects, 
 concluding with a eulogy of recent commercial 
 legislation, followed by an indirect recommendation 
 to consider how far greater advantages might be 
 gained by applying the principle more extensively. 
 
 When the question was put by the Lord Chancellor, 
 that the address be adopted, the Duke of Kichmond 
 rose and expressed much displeasure that the dis- 
 cussion had been so abruptly concluded. " He had, 
 however, heard enough to know that Ministers in- 
 tended to withdraw protection from the industry of 
 the country, and he challenged them to show any 
 
AND THE DUKES OF RICHMOND. 165 
 
 cause for rescinding the solemn compact made with 
 the agricultural interest in 1843. He could see no 
 difference between the Anti-Corn Law League and the 
 Government, and no reason why they should not 
 create Mr. Cobden a peer. He denounced the league 
 as the author of all these changes, and warned their 
 Lordships, by the example of Ireland still unappeased 
 by the concession of 1829, not to be intimidated into 
 a surrender of their opinions. 
 
 " He declared that he would resist by every means 
 in his power any diminution in the amount of agri- 
 cultural protection, and called for an explanation of 
 the mysterious resignation of noble Lords." 
 
 Lord Stanley, in reply, declined to enter into details 
 with regard to his motives on retiring from the 
 Government, under the plea that he could not do so, 
 without stating what were the measures contemplated 
 by the other members of the Cabinet. He stated, 
 however, that upon one question only (relating to 
 the degree and amount of agricultural protection) was 
 there any difference of opinion. 
 
 A few days later the Duke of Richmond asked the 
 Duke of Wellington whether he had received her 
 Majesty's permission to state the reasons which had 
 induced the Government to resign and again to accept 
 office ; and a discussion having ensued, he proceeded to 
 say that " he hoped an inquiry would take place before 
 changes were made in the law. He supposed that the 
 
166 BECOBDS AND REMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 highway rates and the poor rates were not burdens 
 upon land ? He should like to know whether one of 
 his tenants did not pay more than the whole league 
 put together ? Lord Clanricarde had said that Mr. 
 Cobden had made cowards of the whole of the Cabinet 
 of Sir Kobert Peel, and the rest of the Ministers ; and 
 then said that he had made cowards of the people out- 
 of-doors ; if that were the case, then let the Ministers 
 dissolve Parliament and go to the country, and ask 
 the manufacturers of England (and the manufacturers 
 of this town, the English tailors and shoemakers) 
 whether they would consent to foreign articles coming 
 in free of duty ? He defied them to go to the 
 country ; let them go and appeal to those constitu- 
 encies that placed the present Government in power ; 
 and those constituencies would say, * We are against 
 Free Trade now.' " The noble Duke then proceeded 
 to show the benefits which the labourers had derived 
 from the system of protection, as evinced by the vast 
 accumulations in savings banks. " This measure 
 was only the first of a series of attacks that would 
 shake the foundations of the throne, cripple the 
 Church, endanger the institutions of the country, and 
 plunge a happy and contented people into misery, 
 confusion, and anarchy." 
 
 Had the improved and expeditious mode of com- 
 munication and transit been foreseen in 1846, 1 doubt 
 whether the advocates for a repeal of the Corn Laws 
 
AND THE DUKES OF RICHMOND. 167 
 
 would have obtained a majority, more especially if 
 the country had anticipated that the price of wheat 
 would one day fall to £1 per quarter or £5 per load. 
 
 It is worthy of remark that upon the very day 
 that the Corn Law Bill passed the House of Lords, 
 Sir Robert Peel was defeated in the Commons upon 
 the Protection of Life in Ireland Bill, the event 
 causing his resignation and the advent to power of 
 Lord John Russell. 
 
 The next measure in which the Duke of Richmond 
 took more than special interest upon its introduction 
 into the House of Lords was the Customs Duties 
 Bill, which had passed the House of Commons. He 
 moved " that it be read this day six months," 
 regarding it as inimical to the agricultural interest, 
 and presented a petition from silk weavers at Maccles- 
 field and Spitalfields against certain duties which 
 affected their interests, they undertaking to prove 
 that the proposed duty on foreign silks did not 
 exceed nine per cent., instead of fifteen, as alleged. 
 
 The Duke of Wellington strongly opposed the 
 motion, stating that they could not make any alter- 
 ation in the details of the bill without an infraction 
 of the title and rules of procedure, which had existed 
 for more than two hundred years between the two 
 Houses. The effect of making alterations in Com- 
 mittee in the money clauses of bills of supply, and 
 of customs, had invariably been not only to cause 
 
168 BECOBDS AND BEMINISGENGES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 the loss of tlie bills, but afterwards, in point of fact, 
 entirely to paralyze the proceedings of Parliament. 
 It was useless to allow counsel to come forward and 
 make statements, while their Lordships knew that the 
 arguments could be of no avail in inducing them to 
 alter the details. The Duke of Kichmond, with much 
 kindness, as was his wont in finding out weak points, 
 replied that if such was to be the constitution of 
 Parliament, it was a mere farce to ask their Lord- 
 ships to consider a bill, when at the same time 
 they were told that they could not alter it. Better 
 would it be to alter the standing order, and declare 
 that the consent of the Queen and Commons was 
 sufiicient to pass a measure. "If," he said, "such 
 an argument had been used by a young man just 
 come from school, I should have taken no notice of 
 it ; but when it comes from my noble friend, the 
 noble and gallant Duke, I am bound to protest 
 against it, and I certainly feel it my duty to take 
 the sense of the House on this motion." 
 
 So intimately associated as his Grace had been 
 with the Duke of Wellington in his early and 
 military days, he waived all personal feeling when 
 in contact with him upon public matters. 
 
 In the year 1847 great distress prevailed in Ireland, 
 owing in a large measure to the failure of the potato 
 crop, supplemented by that of the oats. From the 
 report of the Commissioners of the Poor Laws inquiry, 
 
AND TEE DUKES OF BIGEMOND. 169 
 
 it appeared that there were then between eleven and 
 twelve thousand agricultural labourers in Ireland, 
 whose average earnings did not exceed from two 
 shillings to half a crown a week ; that one half of 
 that number were destitute of work during nine 
 months of the year, and that these with their 
 families made a total of nearly two millions and a 
 half of human beings in distress nine months in the 
 year. In the south and west the population greatly 
 decreased, mainly from starvation. This lamentable 
 state of affairs caused a large increase of crime, 
 agrarian outrages, burglary, and highway robberies. 
 Notwithstanding two bad harvests in England, to 
 aggravate the then prevailing distress of the agri- 
 culturist. Committees were formed under the sanction 
 of the Government to levy rates and to receive 
 subscriptions. To carry out this scheme a Queen's 
 letter was issued in January for making collections 
 for Ireland and Scotland, an appeal which was cheer- 
 fully responded to by all classes, from donors of 
 thousands of pounds down to the widow's mite. 
 
 Upon the death of O'Connell at this time (the 
 uncompromising champion of the Roman Catholic 
 body, the daring leader of the Repeal of the Union 
 party), the following epigram was written — 
 
 " * Do justice to Ireland,' bold Wellington cries, 
 To his country thus constant and true. 
 * Do justice to Ireland,' O'Connell replies ; 
 * Arrah I then, I'll be hanged if you do ! ' " 
 
170 BE COEDS AND BEMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 When the Earl of Clarendon introduced the bill 
 for permitting the distilling and brewing of beer 
 from sugar, the Duke of Eichmond could not support 
 it, believing the liquor to be unwholesome for the 
 labouring classes ; in fact, he maintained that it would 
 half poison them. Again, when the Earl of Elles- 
 mere moved the second reading of the Factory Bill, 
 his Grace objected to it. In reply to Lord Brougham, 
 who supported it, the Duke as usual defended the 
 agricultural labourers' interest, by stating that " while 
 the noble and learned Lord had asserted that an 
 agricultural labourer at the age of forty-five was 
 not so strong as one of their Lordships at seventy, 
 he (the Duke) could produce labourers in Sussex of 
 the age of forty-five, who could carry every one 
 of their Lordships out of that House. They sat on 
 the sunny side of a hedge and ate their meat and 
 drank their beer, and would drink more of it if the 
 malt-tax were repealed. Where had the noble Lord 
 been living, for he very much doubted whether 
 he had ever been inside an agricultural labourer's 
 cottage." During the debate, the Earl of Clarendon 
 asked the noble Duke whether he would consent to 
 a law that should limit the work of the agricultural 
 labourers ? His Grace most emphatically replied, 
 *' If one half of the agricultural labourers die from 
 excess of labour, as the manufacturing labourers do, 
 I should certainly agree to a law that limited their 
 labour." 
 
AND THE DUKES OF BICHMOND, 171 
 
 When a bill was brought before the House of 
 Lords for limiting the hours of labour in Factories, 
 his Grace gave it his unqualified support, stating 
 that he felt with the noble mover that "it had 
 sprung from the stern experience of the husband 
 and the father, from the general feeling and opinions 
 of the working classes, and from the tendency of 
 steam machinery to attract to its service the con- 
 tinuous labour of the weaker sex." 
 
 During the Parliamentary sessions of 1848 his 
 Grace did not take any very active part in the 
 debates. He was a supporter of a motion brought 
 into the Lower House by Lord George Bentinck, 
 " For a Select Committee to inquire into the present 
 condition and prospects of the interest connected 
 with and dependent on sugar and coffee planting 
 in her Majesty's East and West Indian possessions 
 and in the Mauritius, and to consider whether any 
 and what measures can be adopted by Parliament 
 for their relief." 
 
 After a most searching inquiry into the whole 
 business, the report was agreed to, greatly to the 
 gratification of Lord George, who exclaimed, "We 
 have saved the Colonies ; it is the knell of Free 
 Trade." In which opinion the Duke of Eichmond 
 participated. 
 
 After the Duke of Wellington had effectually 
 quelled the Chartist riots, the Marquis of Lansdowne 
 
172 BECOBDS AND REMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 brouglit in a bill for conferring on Ministers ample 
 powers to be exercised on their responsibility for a 
 limited time, and in certain cases to compel the 
 departure of persons coming to England, not from 
 the accustomed motives of business and pleasure, as 
 crowds of foreigners were resorting to tbis country 
 whose object could not be ascertained, and Govern- 
 ment thought it their duty to stand prepared against 
 every contingency. His Grace expressed some regret 
 that the measure was not of a more stringent nature. 
 On the 2nd of February, 1849, her Majesty opened 
 Parliament. When the usual address was moved in 
 the House of Lords, Lord Stanley proposed an amend- 
 ment to the following effect : " We regret, however, 
 to be compelled humbly to represent to your Majesty 
 that neither your Majesty's relations with foreign 
 powers, nor the state of the revenue, nor the con- 
 dition of the commercial and manufacturing interests, 
 are such as to entitle us to address you in the language 
 of congratulation, but that a large portion of the 
 agricultural and colonial interests of the empire are 
 labouring under a state of progressive depression 
 and anxiety." The Duke of Eichmond declared his 
 strong opposition to the ministerial policy, especially 
 to the proposed reduction in the Army and Navy ; 
 he also expressed his confidence that the system of 
 protection to agriculture, of which the landed in- 
 terest had been so unjustly deprived, must be soon 
 
AND TEE DUKES OF RICHMOND. 173 
 
 re-established. On a division, the majority for 
 Ministers was only two. 
 
 His Grace never ceased to advocate the cause of 
 the agricultural interest; as on the 15th of May, 
 
 1849, he brought forward the question of agricultural 
 distress, and drew a lamentable picture of the ruin 
 which had been brought on the agricultural population 
 by Free Trade measures, stating that the Government 
 could not retrace their steps, and for that reason the 
 farmers wished to see another Administration. 
 
 For his part, although the resignation of the 
 ministry was sometimes held up in terrorem over 
 the country, he wished they would carry their threat 
 into execution and resign, for he was convinced that 
 there would be no difficulty in finding better men to 
 fill their places. He pointed out how the numbers 
 of paupers and labourers out of employment had 
 increased, and added, "The English agricultural 
 labourer was an honest, good-hearted man, but he 
 feared could not long continue so if unemployed." 
 
 When Parliament met on the 31st of January, 
 
 1850, during the debate upon the address, his Grace 
 again came forward to support the cause he had so 
 much at heart, and, upon some remarks made by the 
 Earl of Carlisle, the Duke warned him " that the time 
 might come when it would be fortunate for him to 
 be shorn of his honours. To speak plainly, he thought 
 the agricultural interest had been slighted in the 
 
174 RECOBDB AND BEMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 speecli from tlie throne, whicli, as lie understood it, 
 did not even admit that the agriculturists were 
 suffering from distress. The noble Lord, in talking 
 of the cheapness of provisions, had omitted to say 
 anything about wages, which had fallen excessively 
 in some districts, where hundreds of labourers were 
 out of work. 
 
 " Every busting in the country would be made a 
 battle-field, on which they would steadily, but with- 
 out violence of language, state their grievances and 
 demand justice." On the third reading of the bill, 
 the Duke renewed his opposition to it, but unsuc- 
 cessfully . 
 
 Again, when Parliament assembled in 1851, his 
 Grace as usual was prepared to advocate the interest 
 of the landed proprietors and the agriculturists, stating 
 that "hampered as the British farmer was with 
 taxation, he could not compete successfully with 
 foreigners. The prosperity now enjoyed by the 
 manufacturing interest, it had been stated, would 
 ultimately reach the agriculturists, but he would 
 like to know what was to become of the tenant 
 farmer whilst waiting for it ? He had spent a great 
 deal of money upon improvements, but unless some 
 protection was restored, he could not see the force of 
 sending good money after bad." 
 
 This was the last occasion on which he addressed 
 the House upon any important question connected 
 
AND THE LUKES OF BICHMOND. 175 
 
 with the agricultural interest. His Grace's pre- 
 dictions of the effect Free Trade would have by the 
 abolition of the Corn Laws has been fully verified, 
 and probably in a more serious degree by the in- 
 creased facilities in communication and transit ; the 
 result of which has been the ruin of many engaged 
 in agriculture, and the reduction of incomes derived 
 from landed property, affecting the general employ- 
 ment of labour and the interests of the local tradesman. 
 
 When his Grace had no opportunity of expressing 
 his views in the House, he did not fail to speak else- 
 where in support of the great and important cause 
 he had so strenuously advocated. 
 
 On the 1st of May, 1849, a meeting was held at 
 the Hall of Commerce, Threadneedle Street, convened 
 by persons engaged in the agricultural, commercial, 
 manufacturing, and shipping industries, who were 
 favourable to the principle of moderate, just, and 
 equal protection to every interest of the State. 
 
 The Duke was called to the chair, and in his 
 opening speech said : "He had to congratulate the 
 friends of the great principle of protection on the 
 large and influential assembly he saw around him. 
 He had ventured to take the chair on the present 
 occasion — a meeting of the citizens of London — not 
 because he felt himself entitled to do so from any 
 talent he possessed, but because, yielding to none in 
 his desire to see fair, just, and adequate protection to 
 
176 BECOBDS AND BEMINISOENOES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 Britisli industry, lie felt lie miglit be considered luke- 
 warm in tlie cause if he did not occupy the situation 
 which he then had the honour to fill. It was well 
 known to most of those present that he had ever 
 advocated protection, not to the agriculturists only, 
 but to the manufacturing classes as well, and had 
 sought it no less for the silk-weaver than for the 
 corn-grower. He felt that this country could not 
 long continue in the course she had been pursuing of 
 securing the prosperity of the foreigner at the expense 
 of the Englishman, and therefore he thought it would 
 be desirable to see whether they could not associate 
 the great interests of the country— the agricultural, 
 commercial, ay, and the manufacturing interests 
 too — because he held that, with the exception of a 
 small knot of Stockport and Manchester manufacturers, 
 those interests must go hand in hand together. . . . 
 
 " Great distress now existed among the agricultural 
 interest. He could only wish it existed with them 
 only. What had the shopkeepers gained by Free 
 Trade ? Their answer would be a sufficient reply to 
 the strongest advocate of it." 
 
 His Grace then directed their attention to the 
 subject of the navigation laws. " Did they suppose 
 they could repeal the navigation laws without 
 crippling the defence of this country? If such a 
 repeal were passed, we should be no longer enabled 
 to pride ourselves that foreign foes had never yet 
 
AND THE DUKES OF RICHMOND. 177 
 
 set foot upon our shores ! The Government would 
 immediately enter into treaties with other countries, 
 and when they sought the re-establishment of the 
 navigation laws, they would be met by the Minister 
 of the day with the excuse, ' I wish I could go back 
 to the old system, but I cannot, because I have 
 entered into treaties with other countries/ . . . 
 
 " It became every man to resist so destructive a 
 proposal. There were some people who told us we 
 were to have universal peace associations, and that, 
 therefore, our navy would not be wanted any longer. 
 Was there ever such humbug ? 
 
 " Before he trusted these universal peace associa- 
 tions, he would give them a little experiment to try 
 their hands upon. 
 
 " Let them just go to Ireland and see if they could 
 keep the different factions from fighting at Donny- 
 brook Fair. Come what would, he for one would 
 never vote for the destruction of the wooden walls 
 of old England.'' 
 
 I fear I am digressing too much from my account 
 of his Grace's political life by introducing a few 
 examples of his utterances at public meetings, which 
 he was frequently invited to attend and preside over. 
 I will therefore not weary my readers by recalling 
 too many of them, but there are some incidents of 
 the kind that are very interesting, denoting the 
 patriotic and sterling character of his Grace, and I 
 
 N 
 
178 BECORDS AND REMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 must, therefore, allude to these in as concise a manner 
 as possible. 
 
 At a meeting of the Society for the Protection of 
 Agriculture and British Industry, in 1849, being 
 called to the chair, in his address to the audience he 
 expressed a hope that no one present, and that not 
 a single farmer in England, would suppose for an 
 instant that he had in the slightest degree withdrawn 
 from the cause of Protection. . . . "We continue," 
 he said, "here to receive the most lamentable ac- 
 counts of the ruin which has overtaken too many of 
 those honest farmers who have for years exerted 
 their talents and industry, honestly and usefully, in 
 the cultivation of the soil of the country. 
 
 " What is the use of calling upon them to lay out 
 more capital, when from the capital they have already 
 expended they cannot get back a single penny in 
 return ? If it be wished that in this country there 
 shall be an improvement, which I for one am quite 
 willing to see, show these men that they can get 
 remuneration for their capital, and there will be no 
 lack of such expenditure. . . . 
 
 " I find that in most parts of the country there 
 exists lamentable distress amongst agricultural 
 labourers, and I find that a large portion, by far 
 the greater portion of those who heretofore have 
 been able to maintain themselves and their families 
 by the sweat of their brow, are now out of work, 
 
AND THE DUKES OF BICHMOND. 179 
 
 because the farmers cannot employ them with present 
 prices ; and we find also, and we deeply regret it, 
 that our workhouses are full, or fast filling with 
 these honest men, who only ask for employment that 
 they themselves may maintain their families. Not 
 only are the labourers placed in this miserable and 
 degrading situation, but at the same time this fast 
 filling of the workhouses, and the increased number 
 of out-door recipients of relief, have augmented the 
 poor rates, which the owners and occupiers of real 
 property have to pay. These are evils which we 
 feared from the first would result from the doctrines 
 of the mad theorists of Manchester, and which, I 
 believe, must interest all classes in this country, as 
 all are in the deepest state of depression, the ship- 
 owners, the ship-builders, and all other classes of 
 domestic industry alike sufi'ering ; and I think that 
 all will agree with us, that as Englishmen we are 
 bound to come forward and call upon the Legislature 
 to retrace its steps, and restore Protection, and thus 
 check the suffering and distress which at present 
 exist." 
 
 In the Smithfield Club, and the Koyal Agricultural 
 Society, the Duke showed the greatest interest, 
 occupying the chair for several years at the annual 
 meeting of the former at the time Earl Spencer was 
 President, the Duke of Richmond having been elected 
 one of the Vice-Presidents in 1832. Upon the death 
 
180 BECORDS AND REMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 of Earl Spencer, in 1845, the Duke was unani- 
 mously chosen President, which distinguished posi- 
 tion, from the great interest he felt and the support 
 he rendered to agriculture, he occupied till his 
 death. 
 
 In 1850, at a meeting of the Club, two resolutions 
 were unanimously passed. One delegated "full 
 power to the President to admit the royal family of 
 this or other countries to the show at whatever time 
 he might deem expedient ; " the other expressed " the 
 anxiety of the Club to evince and perpetuate its 
 feelings of respect towards the Duke of Eichmond, 
 by desiring that his Grace's profile should appear on 
 the reverse of the club medal; that his Grace be 
 required to sit to W. Wyon, Esq., E.A., of her 
 Majesty's Mint, for the preparation of a die." 
 
 In 1834 his Grace made a match with Lord 
 Huntingfield to exhibit five best shearing South 
 Down wether sheep against him, which his Grace 
 won ; he also gained the gold medal for the best 
 short-wooled sheep in the years 1830, 1837, 1847, 
 1851, 1853, 1854, and 1856. In 1860 my father 
 gained the same gold medal, viz. " for the best pen 
 of South Down wethers." He highly valued it, and 
 it is valued by the present writer, in whose possession 
 it now is. 
 
 The Koyal Agricultural Society, when established 
 in 1837, received the unremitting support of his 
 
AND TEE DUKES OF BICEMOND, 181 
 
 Grace; in fact, at a preliminary meeting it was 
 stated, tliat if the co-operation of the Duke of 
 Eichmond could be obtained, its formation should 
 be publicly moved at a dinner of the Smithfield Club. 
 
 His Grace seldom, if ever, failed to attend the 
 meetings, or the dinners connected with them, or to 
 exhibit yearly some of his own South Down flock. 
 Sheep breeders throughout the kingdom and in the 
 colonies eagerly sought for sheep from the Goodwood 
 flock. Their wool is considered of the finest quality, 
 and also realizes the top price of the wool fair. 
 
 I have endeavoured to present a faithful epitome 
 of his Grace's life, an example worthy the imitation 
 of every one in any station. I feel bound to include 
 a passage from the memoir of him, published in 1862, 
 by Messrs. Chapman k Hall. 
 
 "Age has its advantages. It gives maturity to 
 the judgment, ripeness to the experience, vividness 
 and strength to faith, consolidation of the character, 
 and nearness and power to eternity and eternal 
 realities. It clothes with a peculiar relish Christian 
 hope, and encircles everything connected with Christ 
 and His kingdom with the radiant atmosphere of a 
 holy satisfaction. The very compositions of age 
 difi'er from those of youth. There is a solidity about 
 them which seems to say life is retreating, we have 
 much to do, and a limited season in which to ac- 
 complish it. They may lack many of the graces of 
 
182 REC0BD8 AND BEMINI8CENGES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 earlier productions, and mucli of their fire : but they 
 possess far more of the ringing metal of right thought 
 and compact logic. Every word has weight, every 
 sentence wisdom. Men learn, as they advance in 
 years, that life is not sustained by flowers, but by 
 fruit, and that barley-meal is better than blossoms. 
 Age tames the imagination and tones down fancy, 
 but gives insight to character, a knowledge of the 
 world, and leads to perfect confidence alone in God." 
 
 These remarks apply most fitly to the fifth Duke 
 of Kichmond. 
 
 I must relate one of the numerous kind and con- 
 siderate acts of his Grace which his brother Lord 
 William Lennox witnessed. His Grace was able 
 through his influence to obtain a situation as porter 
 in a public institution in Portsmouth for an old 52nd 
 man who had been in every action through the 
 Peninsular War, and retired from the service on a 
 decent pension. This veteran lived in a small lodge 
 until he died. During his life the noble Duke never 
 failed to call upon him when he went to Portsmouth. 
 On one occasion he was accompanied by his brother, 
 Lord William. It was a very hot day. The old 
 pensioner's one and only apartment was stuffy and 
 ill ventilated. The furniture consisted of a table, 
 two chairs, a coal scuttle, and a shut-up bedstead. 
 Over the mantelpiece was suspended by a piece of red- 
 and-blue ribbon a medal with ten clasps, every one 
 
AND THE DUKES OF BIOEMOND, 183 
 
 of which represented a battle in which the old hero 
 had fought. There was also a likeness of the Duke 
 of Wellington, riding a white horse with flowing 
 mane and tail, and dressed in a plumed cock-hat, blue 
 frock-coat, and Hessian boots, holding a Field-Marshal's 
 baton in his hand. 
 
 Upon entering the room, the Duke of Eichmond 
 said to the old man, " "Well, how are you to-day ? 
 Your hand is nice and cool, so I hope you have had 
 no return of ague ? " " Thank you, your Grace ; pray 
 be seated, and your friend. I am much better, not 
 here" (touching his emaciated limbs), "but here" 
 (laying his hand on his heart). " Those medals have 
 done me more good than all the doctor's stuff; I look 
 at them, and they bring back old times. When you, 
 Captain — I mean your Grace — ^joined us, you were but 
 a ruddy little boy ; oh dear ! " Here the old veteran's 
 feelings overpowered him. To cheer up the old 
 warrior his Grace referred to many mutually interest- 
 ing services of the gallant Oxfordshire Light Infantry, 
 and their glorious deeds in Spain, Portugal, France, 
 and Belgium. The conversation continued for some 
 length of time, and, as the old boy afterwards declared, 
 had done him more good than a dozen doctors. 
 
 Notwithstanding that, from the multitude of matters 
 which claimed his attention, time was precious, the 
 Duke never grudged the time if he saw a way to 
 succour any one in difliculty and distress. 
 
184 BECORDS AND BEMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 To the unworthy, his advice was often the cause of 
 a reformation, and he would even employ them, in 
 the hope that, urged by his injunctions, they would 
 endeavour to establish for themselves an honest and 
 industrious character. 
 
 Considering his Grace's delicate health, it must 
 have cost him many a pang to enter so thoroughly 
 into applications for help, which many others in his 
 position would have ignored or treated with indiffer- 
 ence. The last time his Grace addressed " the House " 
 was on the 1st of August, 1859, when the report of 
 amendments on the Divorce Court Bill was considered. 
 He supported Lord Eedesdale's amendment, which 
 was to the effect that the Court should sit with open 
 doors. 
 
 As I have stated, the Duke never was blessed with 
 a very robust constitution, consequently the priva- 
 tions he endured in the long and arduous campaigns 
 in Spain, Portugal, and France, and the severe wound 
 he received at Orthez, told upon him as he advanced 
 in years. Each successive attack of gout increased 
 his weakness and impaired his constitution, causing 
 the greatest anxiety to the Duchess. 
 
 In the following year, viz. 1860, the Duke came 
 to Goodwood a few days before the races, where the 
 usual preparations were being made to receive the 
 distinguished company. Although he had been un- 
 well before leaving London, he made every effort to 
 
AND THE DUKES OF RICHMOND. 185 
 
 entertain his guests, but upon their arrival was too 
 unwell to greet them. Still, upon their return from 
 the course, he insisted on receiving them, sitting in 
 his garden-chair, in which he had been wheeled upon 
 the lawn in front of the house. 
 
 Soon after the races his Grace returned to London 
 on his way to Gordon Castle, where it was hoped the 
 Highland air might prove beneficial, which hopes for 
 a time were realized, but were not destined long to 
 continue. Sir James Clark having been summoned, 
 found his Grace so ill that he recommended immediate 
 removal by easy stages to London, which was accom- 
 plished, but not without great fatigue to the patient. 
 In Portland Place he was under the care of Sir James 
 Clark and Dr. Hair (the latter his faithful friend and 
 medical attendant, by whom, as already narrated, 
 there is but little doubt his life was saved after the 
 battle of Orthez). By these two eminent men all 
 that human aid could afford was done, and for a time 
 after his arrival in London an improvement in most 
 of his symptoms was observed. But an attack of gout 
 supervened, which greatly reduced his strength. This 
 was about the 13th of October. On the 19th he was 
 in so weak a state that it caused the greatest alarm. 
 The excessive weakness continued, till on Sunday, the 
 21st, after a restless night, the Duke passed away 
 about 1.45 p.m., in the presence of his family. 
 
 It is the lot of few to be so sincerely mourned as 
 
186 BEGOBDS AND BEMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 he was. The people of Goodwood, and those within 
 a wide radius of it, the citizens of Chichester, and the 
 whole country-side, upon whom his face was never 
 turned except in kindness, felt his death to be a 
 personal loss. 
 
 The author of the memoir before alluded to was 
 impelled to write : "In private life he was kind-hearted, 
 benevolent, and affable ; condescending to those in a 
 lower station of life, he won their hearts by innate 
 and unstudied courtesy ; while his high spirit, un- 
 daunted courage, and nobleness of character, combined 
 with the utmost simplicity of mind, rendered him 
 universally beloved by those who came within the 
 circle of his acquaintance." 
 
 In conclusion I can find no better words to express 
 my estimate of the fifth Duke of Kichmond and his 
 Duchess, than those which I penned some years since. 
 
 "The noble Duke, the fifth Duke of Kichmond, 
 and her Grace, his wife, were noble examples to every 
 one in any station of life — his Grace as a nobleman, 
 husband, parent, master, and a servant to his country ; 
 her Grace, with the most loving affection and duty 
 reciprocating all it was possible for a lady and devoted 
 wife to enjoin, with the most kind, charitable con- 
 sideration for all in trouble, need, sickness, and 
 affliction." 
 
 Her Grace was born on the 6th of June, 1796. 
 Died 12th of March, 1874. Her children were — 
 
AND TEE DUKES OF RICHMOND. 187 
 
 1. Charles, Earl of March (now sixth Duke of 
 Eichmond), born 27th of February, 1818. 
 
 2. Caroline Amelia, born 18th of June, 1819. Died, 
 as Countess of Bessborough, 30th of April, 1888. 
 
 3. Fitzroy George Charles, born 11th of June, 
 
 1820. Lost in the steamship President, 1841. 
 
 4. Henry Charles George, born 2nd of November, 
 
 1821. Died 28th of August, 1886. 
 
 5. Sarah Georgiana, born 17th of March, 1823. 
 Died 6th of January, 1831. 
 
 6. Alexander Francis Charles, born 14th of April, 
 1825. Died 22nd of January, 1892. 
 
 7. Augusta Catherine (now Princess Edward of 
 Saxe Weimar), born 14th of January, 1827. 
 
 8. Lucy Frances, born 3rd of June, 1828. Died 
 16th of April, 1843. 
 
 9. George, born 22nd of October, 1829. Died 
 February, 1877. 
 
 10. Amelia Frederica, born 4th of December, 1830. 
 Died 20th of October, 1841. 
 
 11. Cecilia (now Countess of Lucan), born 13th of 
 April, 1838. 
 
188 BEC0BD8 AND BEMINI8CEN0ES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 CHAPTEE XVI. 
 
 THE PRESENT DUKE. 
 
 Charles Henry Gordon-Lennox, sixth and present 
 Duke of Riclimond, K.G., was born on the 27th of 
 February, 1818, and succeeded to the title upon the 
 death of his father, the fifth Duke, in 1860. 
 
 In 1876 the ancient Dukedom of Gordon was 
 revived in his favour. Four ducal honours, there- 
 fore, appertain to the Head of the House, viz. those 
 of Richmond, Gordon, Lennox, and D'Aubigne. 
 
 Like his predecessors, he chose the military pro- 
 fession. Upon leaving Christ Church, Oxford (B.A. 
 1839), he joined the Royal Horse Guards Blue, on the 
 24th of May, 1839, as Cornet. He proceeded to a 
 Lieutenancy, and was promoted Captain (unattached) 
 on the 27th of September, 1844. 
 
 He was appointed aide-de-camp to Field-Marshal 
 the Duke of Wellington and to Viscount Hardinge. 
 His Grace is the Lord-Lieutenant of Banffshire and 
 Chancellor of the University of Aberdeen. 
 
CHARLES, SIXTH DUKE OP RICHMOND, K.G. 
 {From a photo by Dickinson, 114, N^ew Bond Street, London.) 
 
AND TEE DUKES OF BICEMOND. 189 , 
 
 He has filled the office of Vice-President of the 
 Committee of the Council of Education, as well as 
 that of Secretary of State for Scotland. He was 
 President of the Poor Law Board in 1859 to 1868, 
 also in 1885. He was Lord President of the Council 
 from 1874 to 1880. As Earl of March he repre- 
 sented West Sussex from 1841 to 1860, when he 
 was called to the Upper House. His Grace's utter- 
 ances in the House of Lords being marked by great 
 moderation and strong common sense, and being 
 always based on proof and fact, have made his 
 position in that House impregnable. For some 
 years he led the Conservative Party there, and few 
 among his political opponents, who measured swords 
 with him in the Senate, had reason to congratulate 
 themselves. He is a magistrate for Sussex, Chairman 
 of tne West Sussex County Council, Chairman of 
 the Board of Guardians at Westhampnett. 
 
 Every charitable institution, every good and 
 warrantable work carried on within the sphere of 
 his influence, seeks the support of his authority and 
 assistance, and largely, indeed, are their claims 
 allowed. 
 
 In the transaction of public affairs, and on the 
 bench of Justice,' his Grace's patience, capacity for 
 taking pains, and great experience, command the 
 confidence of all classes. 
 
 Any attempt on my part to describe here more 
 
190 BECORDS AND BEMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 particularly the personality and characteristics of the 
 Duke would be misplaced; suffice to say that few 
 noblemen are more highly respected by their neigh- 
 bours than the present Duke of Richmond, an opinion 
 which has the surest foundation, being based on 
 experience. 
 
 The improvements on the estate made in his time 
 bear the impress of his taste; specially is this the 
 case in the afforesting of the domain. At Goodwood 
 one naturally looks for majestic timber, and finds 
 it. Though natural decay puts an end to many a 
 glorious tree, these are amply replaced by judicious 
 planting. 
 
 " Thickets," or, as they are locally called, " clumps," 
 are gradually clothing the summits of the Downs, 
 and adding to the beauty of the park, and will 
 leave a lasting witness to the forethought of the 
 owner. 
 
 In this respect his Grace may be said to have 
 entered into and carried on the labours of the 
 third Duke, whose skill in forestry, as narrated in 
 a former chapter, was of no ordinary nature, and 
 whose Cedars of Lebanon form one of the glories at 
 Goodwood. 
 
 The well-being of his tenants and dependants, and 
 the improvement of the estate, is very near the 
 Duke's heart, and when released from cares of State 
 and public business, he has always found relaxation 
 
AND TEE DUKES OF RICHMOND, 191 
 
 and refreshment in tlie maintenance and improvement 
 of his great inheritance. 
 
 Four hundred and two substantial and roomy 
 cottages, with gardens attached, show how the 
 labourers are housed on the Goodwood Estate. 
 
 Upon the Gordon Estates his Grace has expended, 
 since 1860, in building and improving cottages, no 
 less a sum than £28,850, as stated by him before 
 the Koyal Commission on Agriculture, on the 7th of 
 June, 1894. It goes without saying that in every- 
 thing relating to the agricultural interest the Dukes 
 of Kichmond have always been leaders, and the 
 present Duke is no exception to the rule. He 
 upholds the principle of freedom of contract on both 
 sides, tempered with a readiness to remove diJffi- 
 culties from the tenants in advance times ; and one 
 result of this equitable method is that in many cases 
 his holdings remain in the same families for several 
 generations. 
 
 From 1879 up to 1894 he made upon the Good- 
 wood Estate reductions in rent to the amount of 27 
 per cent., and in 1894, of 37 per cent., which last 
 concessions amount to about £4000 per annum. 
 Upon the Gordon Estate his Grace has stated he 
 had, since 1860, expended £198,156 ; viz. £126,245 
 on farm buildings ; on cottages, £28,856 ; on drainage, 
 £43,055. The abatements of rent from 1879 to 
 1894 amounted to .£88,198, and have now reached 
 
192 BECORDS AND REMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 j£l 00,000. Notwithstanding these deductions, all 
 permament repairs and improvements have been 
 kept up. 
 
 His Grace early manifested his predilection for 
 sport, and his disapproval of excessive betting and 
 turf speculation. He was elected a member of the 
 Jockey Club in 1838, when the Club consisted of 
 seventy-five members, and is now the " Father of the 
 Club." The meetings of the Jockey Club, when held 
 in London, take place at his residence, 49, Belgrave 
 Square. In 1839 he owned a filly called "Guava" 
 by "The Colonel" out of " Gulnare," which he 
 rode in the March Stakes at Goodwood Eaces, winning 
 the race. Again in 1842 he rode his father's horse, 
 " The Currier," in the Welter Stakes, on the first day 
 at Goodwood, running a dead heat with Mr. Holmes's 
 ''Vulcan," Captain Pettat riding; the stakes were 
 then divided. On the last day, at the same meeting, 
 he rode three winners, and also had a walk over ; 
 thus winning four times in one day. Although his 
 Grace does not continue the racing establishment, he 
 maintains the famous Goodwood racecourse, which is 
 so magnificently situated, and surrounded by unsur- 
 passed natural advantages. 
 
 " Glorious Goodwood " has never suffered eclipse, 
 notwithstanding the immense development of its 
 rivals, and still merits to the full its distinctive 
 appellation. The house party during the Kace week 
 
AND THE DUKES OF RICHMOND. 193 
 
 assembles the noblest in the land ; and the ladies' 
 lawn in front of the Grand Stand is the favourite 
 subject of the pictorial journalist. 
 
 Although the once famous "yellow and scarlet" 
 colours so often carried to victory on this, their 
 home-ground, are no longer seen in the races, they 
 are still displayed by the huntsmen and two whips 
 of the Goodwood hounds, who during the meeting 
 act as outriders and carry out the behests of the 
 Clerk of the Course. 
 
 The first time his Grace's name appeared as a 
 patron of the turf was in 1838, when a three-year- 
 old filly named " Wimple," by " The Colonel," out of 
 "Mantilla," appeared in the entry for the Duke of 
 Eichmond's Plate at Goodwood, as the nomination 
 of the Earl of March. 
 
 The first race-horse owned by him was, as previously 
 stated, " Guava," which ran and won in the following 
 year. 
 
 His Grace at all times took pleasure in shooting, 
 in the old sportsmanlike manner, walking after the 
 game with good dogs, to find the game and retrieve 
 it when killed. 
 
 After the death of his father, the Duke and his 
 family remained at Molecomb eighteen months, 
 during which time Goodwood House was closed. 
 
 Since his succession to the estates, the interior of 
 the great house has been thoroughly restored and 
 
194 BEC0RD8 AND BEMINISCENCE8 OF GOODWOOD 
 
 embellislied. The warming and lighting have been 
 greatly improved, and extensive gas and waterworks 
 have been constructed. The original supply of water 
 to the house was from rain-water tanks, that for 
 domestic purposes had to be forced up by horse- 
 power from deep wells. His Grace therefore con- 
 structed waterworks, from which water is forced up 
 to a reservoir upon the hill to the north of Game's 
 Seat, whence it gravitates to the point of supply. 
 In this way a solution has been obtained to a question 
 that had always been a source of anxiety, viz. as to 
 the supply of water in the event of a fire. 
 
 The heirlooms and historical treasures which the 
 house contains, and which might be destroyed by 
 a fire, are such as no purchasing power could 
 replace. 
 
 The collection of pictures contains examples of 
 Titian, about the date of 1520; Guido, 1600; De la 
 Hire, 1630; Vandyke, 1640; Sir Godfrey Kneller, 
 1680; Sir Peter Lely, 1645; Teniers, 1643; Vander 
 Meulen, 1670; Breydell, 1720; Kembrandt, 1650; 
 Salvator Kosa, 1640 ; Ostade, 1620 ; Baroccio, 1590 ; 
 Kubens, 1620 ; P. W. Wouvermans, 1670 ; Canaletti, 
 1740 ; Eomney, 1745 ; Sir Joshua Eeynolds, 1780 ; 
 Gainsborough, 1760; George Smith, 1762; John 
 Smith, 1763 ; Angelica Kauffman, 1779 ; Stubbs, 
 1744; Hogarth, 1750; Jackson, 1808 ; Sir Thomas 
 Lawrence, 1825 ; James Barry, 1772. 
 
AND THE DUKES OF RICHMOND. 195 
 
 One of the most valuable and interesting is a 
 fine painting by Vandyke, measuring 9 ft. by 8 ft. 
 2 ins., representing King Charles the First seated 
 on the throne with his son Charles, Prince of Wales. 
 His Queen Henrietta, daughter of Henry IV. of 
 France, appears holding up the infant Princess 
 Maria. Two small Italian dogs play at their feet ; 
 upon a table are the emblems of sovereignty, and 
 there is a view in perspective of Westminster Abbey 
 and Hall as a background. This picture was sold for 
 £150 at the sale of King Charles's effects, by order 
 of Parliament, in 1649, and repurchased from the 
 Orleans collection at the time of the revolution in 
 France, by the third Duke of Eichmond, for the sum 
 of 1100 guineas. 
 
 There are two examples by the same artist, each 
 8 ft. 10 ins. by 3 ft., companion pictures, one repre- 
 senting Charles I. in his robes of state, and the other 
 Henrietta Maria his Queen, elegantly attired in a 
 white satin dress richly ornamented with lace. There 
 is also by Vandyke (King Charles's favourite artist) 
 a painting of Charles's five children, measuring 5 ft. 
 6 ins. by 2 ft. 6 ins. There are several other pro- 
 ductions of this celebrated artist, two of which merit 
 special mention. 
 
 One is of Carew, a member of the Privy Council of 
 Charles I., a celebrated wit and poet of his day. The 
 other is of Killigrew, a page of honour to Charles I., 
 
196 BEOOBDS AND REMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 and Groom of the Bedchamber to Charles IL He 
 was a favourite and boon companion of the Merry- 
 Monarch, and a celebrated wit and humorist. 
 
 Each of these pictures are 3 ft. 2 ins. by 2 ft. 8 ins. 
 There are also many fine paintings by Sir Peter Lely ; 
 one of his finest is considered to be that of Frances 
 Theresa Stuart, afterwards Duchess of Richmond, who 
 was married in 1667. 
 
 A gold medal was caused to be struck by Charles 
 II., bearing his own e^gj on the obverse and the 
 figure of Minerva on the reverse, in which the stately 
 form and features of Frances Stuart are perpetuated. 
 
 This design was afterwards transferred to the coin 
 of the realm, and to this day it remains unaltered 
 on the bronze coins, as the emblematic figure, with 
 the inscription of " Britannia." 
 
 A portrait of James Stuart, Duke of Richmond, 
 is another of Lely's productions ; the nobleman he 
 has represented was a son of Esme Stuart, Duke of 
 Lennox, and was a personal friend of Charles I., after 
 whose execution he was permitted to perform the 
 last melancholy office of consigning his sovereign's 
 remains to the grave. 
 
 A portrait of Sir William Waller by Sir Peter 
 Lely is another interesting picture in this valuable 
 collection. Sir William Waller was the famous 
 Parliamentary General during the civil wars, and was 
 Commander at the time when Arundel Castle and the 
 
AND TEE DUKES OF BICEMOND, 197 
 
 city of Chichester surrendered, the latter after eight 
 (some say twelve) days' siege, in 1643. All the 
 prisoners taken were brought up to London. 
 
 There are many other pictures by this notable 
 artist, but I must now allude to others : first, Sir 
 Godfrey Kneller. Those of the first Duke of Eich- 
 mond command attention. The first represents his 
 Grace in full figure, the other three-quarter. These 
 pictures are highly valued. A portrait of James, 
 Duke of Monmouth, is considered one of Sir Godfrey's 
 best productions; it is 4 ft. by 3 ft. 2 ins., re- 
 presenting the Duke as a young man, in a hunting 
 dress, with a whip in his hand. There is also another 
 by the same artist, of the Duke of Monmouth later 
 on in life, 7 ft. by 4 ft. 9 ins., a full length portrait 
 in his robes of state, wearing the insignia of the 
 Order of the Garter. 
 
 The Duke of Monmouth was closely associated with 
 the noble Goodwood family and the Charlton hunt 
 and hounds. His sad career terminated on the 15th 
 of July, 1685, when he was beheaded. 
 
 There are also portraits of General Monk, Duke of 
 Albemarle, and of the second Duchess of Kichmond, 
 by Sir Godfrey. There are several paintings by 
 Eomney (who was a frequent visitor in the neighbour- 
 hood of Chichester, being an intimate friend of 
 Hayley the poet at Eartham, where a painting-room 
 was set apart for him), including one of Lord George 
 
198 RECORDS AND REMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 H. Lennox, second son of the second Duke of Rich- 
 mond and father of the fourth Duke. This is con- 
 sidered an excellent painting. Romney, as is well 
 known, was par excellence the delineator of the hand, 
 and the hands in this portrait are exquisitely finished. 
 A portrait of the third Duke of Richmond by the 
 same artist is much admired, engravings of which in 
 mezzotint are met with in many houses in the 
 neighbourhood. There are also by Romney portraits 
 of the third Earl of Albemarle, son of a daughter of 
 the first Duke of Richmond, of Mrs. General Dorrien, 
 the Hon. Mrs. Danier, and Dr. Buckner, Bishop of 
 Chichester, who reached the patriarchal age of ninety- 
 seven. Of Ostade's works there are three, the subjects 
 being "A Frost piece," "Jealousy and Courtship 
 detected," and the " Itinerant Musician." These are 
 considered among the best examples of that master. 
 
 By Guido there are also three, viz. St. Michael, 
 St. Catharine, and "A Head," the countenance of 
 which expresses deep anguish. 
 
 By Hudson there are two, viz. a portrait of 
 George II. (a full length figure, 7 ft. by 4 ft. 
 6 ins.), and a portrait of his Queen (Caroline), 
 draped in white satin, deeply flounced with gold 
 embroidery, with a dark mantle and train, fastened 
 in front with jewels, and lined with ermine, a sceptre 
 in one hand, while the crown lies on the table. 
 
 A Rembrandt portrait of a Flemish nobleman, 
 
AND THE DUKES OF RICHMOND, 199 
 
 7 ft. by 4 ft. 6 ins., is one of the most precious in 
 the collection. 
 
 There are two by Teniers, and one by Gains- 
 borough — a portrait of "William Pitt. It is reputed 
 to be a fine and striking likeness. One by Kubens 
 is a portrait of Helena Forman, the painter's second 
 wife, a resplendent beauty. 
 
 A fine portrait of Charles, fourth Duke of Kich- 
 mond, by Jackson, is worthy of that skilful artist. 
 A portrait by Titian, and a picture by Hogarth, 
 " The Lady's Last Stake," must find a place in my 
 enumeration. 
 
 There are, in addition to these, a very large 
 number of pictures in oil and water colours, but 
 space will not permit of their being described ; one, 
 however, which throws a strong light on that in- 
 exhaustible theme, Mary, Queen of Scots, must not 
 be omitted. It represents the cenotaph of Lord 
 Darnley, and measures 7 ft. 4 ins. by 4 ft. 6 ins. 
 The picture bears this inscription in the right-hand 
 corner — 
 
 "TRAGIOAET LAMENTABILIS 
 
 INTERNECIO SERENISSIMI HENRICI 
 
 SCOTORUM REGIS," 
 
 which is rendered as "The tragical and lamentable 
 murder of the most Serene Henry King of Scots." 
 The piece represents a chapel paved with marble, 
 
200 BEC0BD8 AND BEMINISCENOES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 before the altar of which is exposed on a monument, 
 adorned with the trophies of the deceased, the effigies 
 of Henry Darnley, and near the same are King James 
 his son, the Earl and Countess of Lennox his father 
 and mother, and his younger brother, all on their 
 knees, as beseeching the great Judge of all to avenge 
 his murder. 
 
 The altar is towards the right hand, and upon it 
 is depicted an image of our Saviour trampling Death 
 underfoot, pointing with His left hand to the wound 
 in His side, and holding in His right hand the cross, 
 on which is a scroll with the letters I. N.K.I. On 
 either side of the altar are green silk curtains upon 
 rods and rings, as was common in churches of that 
 date. In different parts of the picture are depicted 
 the scenes of this tragedy ; in one is represented 
 the inside of a chamber wherein is a bed, with two 
 persons standing by it armed, the one at the head 
 as if directing, and the other at the foot as if draw- 
 ing the King's body forcibly from the bed; near 
 the foot is a pallet, wherein is an old man dead, 
 or sleeping. Another scene represents, first, a 
 young man almost nude, lying dead under a tree ; 
 the figure is remarkably tall, as Darnley is known 
 to have been. 
 
 A little farther off lies the dead body of an old 
 man, likewise denuded. In one corner a small 
 picture is introduced representing a battle array 
 
JAMES STUAUi, ij-iulxL oi lUCUAiOM). DIED 1655; TUE LAST IN THE 
 STUART LINE. 
 
AND TEE DUKES OF BICEMOND. 201 
 
 and the transactions of Carberry Hill, where Queen 
 Mary parted from Earl Bothwell and surrendered 
 herself into the hands of the nobles. The Queen's 
 army and Bothwell's are seen drawn up toward the 
 top of the hill, where the royal standard is dis- 
 played, with several ensigns of St. Andrew's Cross. 
 The Queen herself may here be distinguished with 
 one of her women on horseback, as also Bothwell 
 on a large white horscj with several others in 
 armour. At the foot of the hill, on low ground, 
 where they may be sheltered from the Queen's 
 artillery, are represented the forces of the Con- 
 federate nobility marching in battle array. Towards 
 the lower right-hand corner of this landscape is a 
 prospect of the City of Edinburgh with the name 
 written over it. 
 
 The Kirk-o'-Field, in which stood the house and 
 garden in which Darnley was murdered, were on 
 the south of the town of Edinburgh, and the site 
 is now occupied by the house of the Principal of 
 the University of Edinburgh. 
 
 Kirk-o'-Field House was within a short distance 
 of the ridge of rocks called Salisbury Craigs, and 
 of the mountain called Arthur's Seat, both of which 
 are represented in this picture. 
 
 Near the altar is seen a paper fastened on with 
 wafers, and intended to look as if fixed upon the 
 picture, giving an account of the persons therein 
 
202 BECOBDS AND BEMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 represented. The legend is in Latin, and is thus 
 rendered : — 
 
 " Behold the portraits of the following heroes done to the life. 
 
 " Henry, the first of that name, of great renown, late King of 
 Scotland, most barbarously murdered with his trusty servant, by 
 Earl Bothwell and his confederates (the Queen his wife also 
 being privy and consenting to it), which Queen, soon after the 
 murder of her most loving and faithful husband, married the 
 said Bothwell). This most wise and beautiful Prince was cut 
 off at the age of 21, to the inexpressible grief of his people ; may 
 God receive his soul into glory." 
 
 Other inscriptions seen upon the paper are 
 rendered : — 
 
 " Matthew, Earl of Lennox, descended from the Kings of 
 Scotland, the father and grandfather of the two above-mentioned 
 princes, in the 50th year of his age." 
 
 " Lady Margaret Dowglass, his wife, the Countess of Lennox, 
 only daughter and heiress of Archibald Earl of Angus, and 
 Margaret Queen of Scotland, the eldest daughter of Henry VIL, 
 King of England, the mother and grandmother of the two above- 
 mentioned Princes, in the 51st year of her age." 
 
 " Charles Stuart their son, in the 11th year of his age." 
 
 In the middle of the picture is a monument or 
 bier, covered with mourning, on which reclines an 
 effigy of Darnley, such as was usually exposed to 
 the public view in former times at the funerals of 
 princes and illustrious persons. 
 
 He appears in gilt armour, with a rich cushion 
 under his head, near which is an imperial crown 
 supported by two unicorns of Scotland, and at his 
 
AND TEE DUKES OF BICHMOND, 203 
 
 feet lies a wolf, which was one of his own supporters, 
 as appears by his arms on the monument of the 
 Countess his mother, in Henry VII/s chapel at 
 Windsor. Over these effigies may be read an heroic 
 poem upon the death of " the most excellent Henry, 
 King of Scots." 
 
 On the monument and mourning cloth covering 
 the bier are embossed or embroidered on the side 
 in front three escutcheons of arms under the regal 
 crowns, that in the middle showing the Eoyal Lion 
 of Scotland surrounded with the collar of the thistle 
 and a figure of St. Andrew, being the regal ornament 
 of the Scottish Kings. The other two are enriched 
 with the collar of the Order of St. Michael, of which 
 Darnley had been installed a Companion, the French 
 King having sent him the ensigns of it, by Monsieur 
 Eambouillet his ambassador, who came on purpose 
 into Scotland in February, 1565-6, soon after 
 Darnley 's marriage with the Queen. 
 
 In an adjoining panel, a little above the bodies, 
 may be read : — 
 
 " After the murder they are found lying in the garden." 
 
 Above these arms and scrolls, the monument or 
 bier is ornamented with cherubic heads in glory, 
 and at the corners are two figures, also in gold, one 
 representing Fame, and the other Justice. Under 
 the effigies is written : — 
 
204 MEC0BD8 AND REMINIS0ENCE8 OF GOODWOOD 
 
 " Here lyeth the most serene Henry of Scotland, murdered the 
 19th of February, in the year of our Lord 1567." 
 
 In the foreground of tlie piece before the monument 
 is a cloth or carpet of purple velvet, fringed with 
 the same colour, on which the young King James 
 is represented kneeling, with his crown on his head 
 and uplifted hands, before a prie-dieu covered with 
 the same colour, and upon which lies a cushion. 
 The sceptre over the head is a scroll bearing in Latin 
 the inscription : — 
 
 " Hear, Lord, and avenge the innocent blood of the King, 
 my father, and defend me, I beseech Thee, with Thy right hand." 
 
 Upon the floor to the left hand are represented 
 the Earl and Countess of Lennox, Darnley's father 
 and mother, and his youngest brother, and over 
 their heads are scrolls bearing the words : — 
 
 " Hearken to our cry, Lord, and avenge the innocent blood 
 of the King, our most dear son. Grant, we beseech Thee, to his 
 son prosperity and long life. 
 
 " Avenge, Lord, the innocent blood of the King, my brother ; 
 make me, I beseech Thee, an instrument of Thy vengeance." 
 
 On a table hung by a ring to the wall of the 
 chapel, and near the last figures and scrolls, is 
 another inscription containing the following account 
 of the design and intention of the work, which being 
 translated runs as follows : — 
 
 "The occasion of this work, that the most Hon. Earl of 
 Lennox, and the Lady Margaret Douglass, his wife, ordered this 
 
AND TEE DUKES OF BICEMOND. 205 
 
 to be done at London in January, 1567, to the intent that, as 
 they now were advanced in years, if they should depart this 
 life before the most excellent King of Scotland, their grandson, 
 grew up, he might look upon it as a memorial from them to 
 keep up in his mind a constant remembrance of the barbarous 
 murder of the late King his father, till it should please God to 
 permit him to avenge it." 
 
 The name of the paiuter appears in small letters, 
 and is read as — 
 
 "LEYINUS YENETIANUS, or VOGEL ARIUS, MB FECIT." 
 
 The view of the battle array of Carberry Hill, near 
 Edinburgh, on the 15th of June, 1567, when Queen 
 Mary surrendered herself to the Confederate Lords 
 of Scotland, which is painted at the corner of the 
 picture, is one of the most curious parts of the whole, 
 as it represents Queen Mary parting from Bothwell 
 and surrendering herself into the hands of the nobles 
 who had joined in arms to revenge the death of 
 the King. The various positions of the army are 
 represented, together with the names over the heads 
 of the distinguished persons taking part in the battle. 
 In fact, the whole of the engagement is clearly 
 depicted. 
 
 One inscription is especially worthy of notice, 
 
 . which is thus translated : — 
 
 " The Queen of Scotland and the traitor Bothwell are marching 
 out to battle, against whom the chiefs of the kingdom are ad- 
 vancing, bearing the mournful standard you see. Bothwell, 
 
206 BECORDS AND BEMINI8CENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 obliged to flee, retires to Dunbar Castle ; the Queen, disguised in 
 a mean habit, surrenders herself into the hands of the nobles 
 in convention, of whom sentence was pronounced upon the two 
 persons principally concerned in the above-mentioned murder." 
 
 It is evident that this picture was executed with 
 great care and expense, so as to place the facts on 
 record for posterity with much minuteness, the Earl 
 of Lennox taking every possible precaution that what 
 he regarded as a legacy to the King his grandson 
 should be as perfect as possible. The Earl of Lennox 
 was himself slain at Stirling in 1571, whilst Eegent 
 of Scotland ; and the Countess his wife died in 
 London, in 1578. Their son afterwards was created 
 Earl of Lennox by the King. This remarkable and 
 interesting picture was sent by the Earl Matthew to 
 his brother John, Lord of Aubigne, in France, where 
 it had remained in the Castle of Aubigne ; the title of 
 Aubigne becoming extinct at the death of the Lord of 
 Aubigne (Duke of Eichmond), who died in 1672, the 
 honour and estates, with the castle, reverted to the 
 King of France, Louis XIV., who soon after erected 
 the same into a dukedom. The fifth Duke of Eich- 
 mond succeeding to that honour and estate, found, 
 when he went over into France soon after, among 
 other family pictures in his castle there, this paint- 
 ing, which he caused to be brought over to England. 
 There was a replica or duplicate of this picture at 
 Kensington, which was presented to her Majesty 
 
AND THE DUKES OF RICHMOND. 207 
 
 Queen Caroline, by the Eight Hon. Thomas, Lord 
 Leinster and Earl of Pomfret. Both paintings had 
 suffered from decay, and were in parts defective. 
 They were restored by comparing them, as that 
 which was defective in one was almost perfect in 
 the other. 
 
 Having enumerated a small portion of the valuable 
 pictures in Goodwood House, I will mention some of 
 its most interesting treasures. A beautifully worked 
 shirt, worn by Charles I., a tray which held his 
 clothes when an infant, a watch which he wore, 
 even a lock of the unfortunate King's hair, and 
 the cup and boat used at his christening, are here 
 preserved ; also a blue cushion, beautifully bordered, 
 upon which Queen Victoria knelt at her coronation ; 
 a cockade and marshal's baton, borne by the Duke 
 of Wellington ; and a silver breakfast-plate, used by 
 Napoleon on the morning of his last fight, and taken 
 from his carriage by our soldiers at Waterloo. A 
 bust of the Duke of Wellington, with many trophies 
 taken in the engagements in which the British forces 
 were commanded by him, are included. The library, 
 containing many thousands of volumes, is extremely 
 valuable. 
 
 When the present Duke of Kichmond came of age, 
 on Wednesday, the 27th of February, 1839, one of 
 the most magnificent entertainments ever known 
 in West Sussex was given by his father, the fifth 
 
208 BBO0BD8 AND BEMINISOENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 Duke. A stag-hunt commenced tlie festivities of 
 that memorable day. About tbree hundred gentle- 
 men sat down to dinner at the Tennis Court, presided 
 over by Lord George Lennox (his Grace s brother), 
 the noble Duke at the same time presiding over an 
 illustrious party at the " House." In the evening a 
 Ball and Supper took place, attended by about seven 
 hundred guests, who were entertained with extra- 
 ordinary magnificence. The park was illuminated. 
 Near the house a profusion of variegated lamps were 
 tastefully arranged, and in the conservatory there 
 were many others, but unfortunately some of the 
 decorations here ignited, which for a short time 
 caused alarm. Assistance being close at hand, the 
 impending danger was soon overcome. A huge bon- 
 fire was lighted upon St. Eoche's Hill, about a mile 
 and a half to the north of the house, which from its 
 elevation shed its brilliancy for miles around. 
 
 On the Friday following, the Duke entertained his 
 tenantry and their friends at dinner, when about two 
 hundred sat down in the new ball-room. A liberal 
 donation was given to every individual employed 
 upon the estate, and the children from the Boxgrove 
 Schools and Westhampnett Union, numbering about 
 seven hundred, were regaled in the park on the 
 Saturday. I well remember every festivity connected 
 with this memorable event, having been with my 
 father and the rest of his family present at them all. 
 
AND THE DUKES OF BICEMOND, 209 
 
 On the morning of the day when the present Duke 
 (then Earl of March) came of age, he was presented 
 with a costly and elegant piece of Plate by the 
 Dowager Duchess of Eichmond. It was a singular 
 coincidence that the 27th of February should have 
 been likewise the anniversary of the Battle of Orthez, 
 fought in 1814, when his father was dangerously 
 wounded and nearly lost his life. 
 
210 RECORDS AND REMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 CHAPTER XVIL 
 
 THE EARL OF MARCH. 
 
 The Earl of Marcli, son and lieir of the sixth Duke 
 of Richmond and Gordon, was born on the 27th of 
 December, 1845, educated at Eton, travelled, and 
 joined the Grenadier Guards in 1865. 
 
 He represented West Sussex in the House of 
 Commons from 1868 till 1885, when the constituencies 
 were rearranged. He was then returned for the 
 Chichester or south-west division of Sussex, after a 
 contest, by the overwhelming majority of 2290. In 
 1879 he was elected a member, and in 1882 a steward, 
 of the Jockey Club for three years. His stewardship 
 was so ably discharged that in 1888 and again in 
 1892 he was re-elected to that responsible office. At 
 the present moment there is no English sportsman 
 more universally respected. 
 
 His capacity for business, like that of his father, 
 is of no ordinary kind. In 1879 and for a few years 
 his Lordship owned and ran some race-horses. 
 Fortune, however, was not greatly propitious, although 
 
AND THE DUKES OF RICHMOND. 211 
 
 ''Khabara" won twice in 1879, carrying the old 
 colours, to the great gratification of Sussex folk. 
 
 In 1813 the fourth Duke of Richmond had given 
 up the Groodwood pack of fox-hounds, when the 
 famous Charlton Hunt came to an end. Charlton 
 Forest was for a long period the headquarters of 
 British fox-hunting, and the crowd of notables, both 
 men and women, who frequented the celebrated Fox 
 Hall there became historical. 
 
 From 1813 up to 1883 the Earls of Egremont 
 hunted the country with the Petworth pack. In 
 1883 Lord Leconfield relinquished that part of the 
 country which was originally hunted by the Good- 
 wood pack, and his Grace, the present Duke of 
 Richmond, re-established the "Goodwood hounds," 
 the Earl of March being master of them. 
 
 The old kennels, built in 1787, were then converted 
 into most comfortable dwellings for the huntsmen 
 and whippers-in, and entirely new kennels were built 
 for the hounds. 
 
 The first "meet" was on Monday, the 5th of 
 November, at 11.30, at the kennels, although cub- 
 hunting had been engaged in twenty-eight mornings 
 previously. 
 
 All the country-side seemed to have turned out 
 for the occasion, noble and simple, pedestrian and 
 equestrian, ladies and gentlemen, the old, the 
 young. It was indeed a " glorious Goodwood " meet, 
 
212 BE COB J) 8 AND BEMINI8CENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 reminding many of the veterans of the days of ^' auld 
 lang syne." 
 
 The blue uniform for the hunt members, with 
 yellow and scarlet for the hunt servants, mingled 
 with the scarlet colours of followers of the Petworth 
 hounds, on this memorable occasion made a very 
 pretty display. 
 
 There were present the Earl of March (as Master), 
 Lady March and her sister Miss Craven, Lord 
 Algernon Gordon Lennox, Lord Francis Gordon 
 Lennox, Lord Leconfield, the Earl of Egmont, Sir 
 Walter Barttelot, M.P., all equipped in hunting 
 costumes. Prince Edward of Saxe Weimar and Lord 
 Henry Gordon Lennox, M.P., attended in carriages. 
 
 Space would fail to mention all the notables of the 
 county and worthies of the neighbourhood who were 
 present. Suffice it to say, what "the Derby day" 
 is to the Londoner the first meet of the Goodwood 
 fox-hounds upon this occasion was to the folk of 
 Western Sussex. 
 
 Every animal that could go on four legs was in 
 requisition. 
 
 The throw-off was in the Valdoe Coppice adjoining 
 the kennels, where " tally ho " was soon heard, but 
 the attendance at the meet was so great that the 
 coppice was almost surrounded by it, which prevented 
 the "find" breaking cover, and it was soon chopped, 
 being the first legitimate blood for the re-established 
 
AND THE DUKES OF BICEMOND. 213 
 
 Goodwood pack. Another fox stole away during 
 the breaking-up of the first, and being viewed was 
 soon followed by the pack, and after a few dodging 
 spurts from being headed so often was run into at 
 the timber yard in the rear of the house. Although 
 these two short runs did not afi'ord much sport for 
 the old fox-hunters who were well mounted, it was 
 a most enjoyable sporting day for novices, and 
 enabled many to proclaim " they were in at the 
 death," which proud position they never enjoyed 
 before nor have probably since. 
 
 The noble Master, having offered so much sport 
 for the general public, trotted off with the pack to 
 Boxgrove Common to try and afford good sport for 
 the habitual sportsman. Unfortunately this effort 
 failed for some little time, as not only was Boxgrove 
 Common a blank, but Bines Furze and Slindon 
 Common also. At last Dale Park contained the 
 object sought for, and after a tolerably good run, 
 another fox was run into upon the lawn in front of 
 Dale Park House, only about twenty-five sportsmen 
 being in at the death. Thus terminated the ever- 
 memorable day of the re-establishment of the Good- 
 wood or, as it was anciently termed, " the Charlton 
 Hunt." * 
 
 * Since the above was written, the Goodwood Hounds and 
 Hunt have been discontinued, viz. at the close of the season 
 1894-95. 
 
214 RECOBBS AND BEM1NI8CENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 It is recorded that the noted Charlton pack was 
 the first ever established in this country, as the 
 following narrative will verify. This account was 
 originally printed in the form of a pamphlet, a copy 
 of which came into my possession, and which by 
 desire I had reprinted. The whole narrative is so 
 interesting, that I here insert it verbatim. 
 
 THE CHARLTON HUNT. 
 
 We have all heard of Goodwood ; but where is Charlton ? A 
 little more than a hundred years ago these questions would have 
 been exactly reversed ; then all the world had heard of Charlton, 
 while the glories of Goodwood, now become a household word 
 among us, slumbered in the womb of time. In an account of the 
 Judges' progress to Chichester in 1749, they are described as 
 being " entertained by the Duke of Richmond at his seat near 
 Charlton.''^ The writer evidently either did not know the name 
 of Goodwood, or considered it would give no information to his 
 readers ; " near Charlton " was quite sufficient guide as to its 
 locality. Charlton was the Melton Mowbray of its day, and the 
 Charlton Hunt, the most famous in England, the resort of the 
 great and wealthy, eager to participate in our national sport of 
 fox-hunting. King William III. and the Grand Duke of Tuscany, 
 then a guest in England, are recorded as having been to Charlton 
 to witness a fox-chase, and even the softer sex joined in the hunt, 
 held their assemblies in the village, and probably participated in 
 the pleasure of eating a Charlton pie, a dainty then well known, 
 though now entirely forgotten — forgotten, as Charlton itself now 
 is ; the very traditions have nearly- died out, scarcely a villager 
 can now tell of its former renown or talk of the ^'good old times. ^^ 
 But to keep these in remembrance, to commemorate something 
 of the glories of Charlton, the writer of these few pages has 
 collected such information as may interest those acquainted with 
 
AND TEE DUKES OF RICHMOND. 215 
 
 the neighbourhood or loving the sport Charlton was so famous 
 for ; for much of which he is indebted to the courtesy of Charles 
 Dorrien, Esq., of Ashdean House, who possesses a curious manu- 
 script account of the hamlet and the hunt. 
 
 Charlton, a tything of the parish of Singleton, lies in the 
 valley north of the Goodwood hills, and about a mile east of 
 the high-road from Chichester to Midhurst. It is now prmci- 
 pally remarkable for its " forest " (a large wood extending over 
 800 acres, belonging to the Goodwood estate, but formerly the 
 property of the FitzAlans, Earls of Arundel, where this great 
 family enjoyed the pleasures of the chase, having a hunting-seat at 
 Downley, on the verge of the forest, of sufficient importance to be 
 used as an occasional residence ; indeed, two of the Earls are stated 
 to have died at Downley— Thomas, in 1525, and William, in 1544. 
 
 From time immemorial, therefore, it appears that the wood 
 and pleasant downs of Charlton have been appropriated to the 
 enjoyment of hunting and the chase — of later years more exclu- 
 sively to fox-hunting — and from this circumstance only Charlton 
 derives its celebrity. As long as the pursuit of the fox has 
 existed as a national sport, it is probable there was a meet at 
 Charlton ; but it was first brought into notice from its being the 
 favourite resort of the unfortunate Duke of Monmouth, who 
 probably owed his acquaintance with Sussex to his friendship 
 with .Ford, Lord Grey, afterwards his second in command at 
 Sedgemoor, who was seated at Uppark in this neighbourhood. 
 Monmouth appears to have had a peculiar love of Charlton, 
 saying jestingly, "When he was King he would come and keep 
 his Court at Charlton." So early, too, were his hopes of a future 
 crown alluded to. On one occasion he was so entertained and 
 made much of by the citizens of Chichester — being received by 
 crowds, welcomed by bonfires and ringing of bells, and subse- 
 quently taken in state to the Cathedral, that Bishop Carlton 
 thought it necessary to write apologetically to the Metropolitan 
 to excuse the apparent want of loyalty to the reigning Sovereign. 
 
 His letter, still extant, is dated February 17, 1679. 
 
 Amongst those who paid their respects to Monmouth, at this time, 
 
216 EEC ORBS AND REMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 were Mr. Butler, of Amberley, M.P. for Arundel, and Mr. Roper, 
 his brother-in-law, whose connection with Charlton, as subse- 
 quently alluded to, is probably accounted for by this relationship. 
 Two packs of foxhounds appear to have been kept at Charlton 
 at this time, belonging to the Duke of Monmouth and Lord 
 Grey, the master and manager being the Mr. Eoper before 
 mentioned, a Kentish gentleman, a great lover of the chase, and 
 possessing great knowledge of hounds and hunting. He was 
 sufficiently intimate with Monmouth to be obliged to leave the 
 country on the unfortunate termination of Monmouth's attempt 
 to seize the throne, taking refuge in France, where he made 
 acquaintance with the celebrated St. Victor, and enjoyed in the 
 forests of Chantilly the sport he was debarred from pursuing at 
 home. On the accession of William III., Mr. Roper returned, 
 and resumed the management of the hounds, which appear to 
 have become the property of the Duke of Bolton and himself, 
 and he soon had the satisfaction of seeing a noble party of lovers 
 of the chase around him. Among the earliest names mentioned 
 were the Marquis of Hartington (afterwards Duke of Devon- 
 shire, whose daring exploit of riding down Leven Down, one of 
 the steepest hills near, and leaping a five-barred gate at the foot, 
 was long remembered), the Earl of Halifax, General Compton, 
 the Dukes of Bolton and Grafton, Duke of Montrose, Lord 
 Nassau Powlett, Lords William and Harry Beauclerc, Lords 
 Forester, Hervey, Harcourt, and others. How these noblemen 
 were accommodated with lodgings is a wonder to the present 
 generation. Some of them had probably built houses of their 
 own (the Dukes of Devonshire and St. Alban's and Lord Harcourt 
 amongst them), and every cottager, both in Charlton and the 
 adjacent villages, had a lodger in the hunting season — a golden 
 harvest for them. To add to the importance of the Hunt, the 
 Earl of Burlington, the Yitruvius of his day, designed them a 
 banqueting-room, where these votaries of Diana feasted after the 
 fatigues of the chase, and talked over the feats of the day. This 
 building was popularly known by the name of Foxhall, from the 
 gilt frame of a fox surmounting a tall flagstaff, erected in front 
 
AND TEE DUKES OF BICHMOND, 217 
 
 of it to show the "southerly wind" so dear to fox-hunters, a 
 gift from Henrietta, Duchess of Bolton, the daughter of the 
 Duke of Monmouth, who seems to have inherited her father's 
 love for Charlton. Both she and her youthful son, Lord Nassau 
 Powlett, were constant visitors there. 
 
 The fame of Charlton had now reached other countries. St. 
 Victor came from France to return his friend's visit, and both 
 that country and Germany sent admirers of the sport to Charlton 
 with haK the aristocracy of England — amongst them the Duke 
 of Richmond, who had purchased Goodwood of the family of 
 Compton in 1720 as a hunting-seat, and from thence brought 
 both his Duchess and the youthful Lord March to the meet at 
 Charlton, while her Grace, with her daughter Lady Anne Lennox 
 (afterwards Countess of Albemarle), held assemblies in the even- 
 ing at Foxhall, countenanced by the presence of the Duchess of 
 Bolton, Lady Forester, and other ladies, whom the attraction 
 of the chase had brought to Charlton — a love of hunting being 
 by no means confined to the noble sex. The success and impor- 
 tance of the Hunt appear now to have provoked the envy of the 
 owner of Petworth, the proud Duke of Somerset, who, accus- 
 tomed to be paramount in West Sussex, could not brook the sight 
 of horses and hounds riding over his estate. 
 
 His Grace's ire is amusingly described as inquiring first of his 
 neighbour Sir William Goring of Burton, " Whose hounds they 
 were so frequently coming near his house ? " And on being told 
 "that they were the Charlton Pack — Mr. Roper's," cried out, 
 stammering with anger, " Who is he ? Where is his estate ? 
 What right has he to hunt this county ? I'll have hounds and 
 horses of my own." And, in spite of Sir William's remonstrances, 
 had kennels and stables built up on the Downs, near Waltham, 
 called Twines (afterwards used by Lord Egremont as racing 
 stables), and even condescended to send down first-rate cooks 
 to tempt the Sussex gentlemen with a sumptuous breakfast ; but 
 they were faithful in their allegiance to Charlton, and, after a few 
 years' vain endeavour to carry his point, his Grace gave away his 
 hounds and left the field in disgust. 
 
218 BEOORDS AND BEMINISOENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 We have now to record the death of the old Squire, Mr. Roper, 
 who so long had had the management of the Charlton Pack, and 
 had brought it to such perfection. Sportsman to the last, he 
 had ridden with the hounds to Findon, but just at the find 
 dropped down lifeless on the field at the advanced age of eighty- 
 four. By his death the hounds became the sole property of 
 the Duke of Bolton, who for a short time devoted himself to 
 Charlton ; but the attractions of his second Duchess, Lavinia 
 Fenton (the original Polly of the Beggar''s Opera)^ eventually 
 drew him away from Charlton altogether, and on his retirement 
 he gave the hounds to the second Duke of Richmond, who 
 assumed the entire management, assisted by Lord Delawarr, and 
 having for huntsman the redoubted Tom Johnson, so well known 
 with the Pack. The Hunt in his hands assumed an importance 
 and regularity scarce before known : every morning a hundred 
 horses were led out, each with his attendant groom in the Charlton 
 livery in blue with gold cord and tassels to their caps. Lords 
 and ladies continued to flock to Charlton in the hunting season, 
 and the new master, the Duke of Richmond, in 1732 built the 
 house, still remaining, where he and the Duchess slept, to be 
 ready for the early meet (eight o'clock in the morning). The walls 
 of the principal room are ornamented with paintings relative to 
 the chase, and stand almost the sole relic of the " Charlton Hunt." 
 
 About this time occurred that famous fox-chase even now 
 remembered in the county of Sussex, and recorded in the end 
 of these pages (lasting ten hours), an event of sufficient importance 
 to cause an account of it to be written and hung up in many 
 of the houses near, where the names of both huntsman and 
 hounds are carefully preserved. The Hunt continued to flourish 
 during the life of the second Duke of Richmond, but at his 
 death, in 1750, his successor, the third Duke, though a sports- 
 man, was probably not so devoted to this chase as his forefathers. 
 He indeed caused splendid kennels to be built for the hounds 
 at Goodwood ; but it is probable that the removal of the pack 
 from Charlton detracted somewhat from its general popularity, 
 and accordingly we are not surprised to find in a list of the 
 
AND THE DUKES OF RICHMOND. 219 
 
 " Goodwood Hunt," as it was then called years after, that the 
 numbers of it were pretty much confined to the county of Sussex. 
 On the fourth Duke of Eichmond going to Ireland as Lord- 
 Lieutenant, the hounds were presented to King George lY., 
 and soon after symptoms of madness showing themselves amongst 
 the pack, they were all destroyed. So ended the glories of 
 Goodwood and the Goodwood Pack. 
 
 Foxhall was pulled down, the residences of the various 
 noblemen in the village have disappeared (the Duke of Kich- 
 mond's lodging remaining), with all vestiges of the Charlton 
 Hunt once so famous, and the villager, as he hears the distant 
 cry of Lord Leconfield's hounds occasionally in the neighbour- 
 hood, may wonder at the changes in the world which have given 
 to that nobleman what all the rank and power of his great an- 
 cestor could never demand — the privilege of hunting West Sussex. 
 
 Old Henry Budd, of Charlton, gamekeeper to the Duke of 
 Eichmond, who died in 1807, at the age of ninety-four, was one 
 of the last who remembered, personally, and could talk of the 
 frequenters of Charlton. He had heard his grandfather speak 
 of Monmouth, whom he had conversed with, and Harry had 
 either seen himself or heard from his grandfather the names of 
 the following noted personages as visitors at Charlton : — Duke 
 of Monmouth, Duke of Grafton, Duke of Bolton, Duke of 
 Devonshire, Duke of Kingston, Duke of Montague, Duke of 
 Montrose, Duke of St. Albans, Dukes of Eichmond, Earl of 
 Pembroke, Earl of Lincoln, Earl of Sunderland, Earl of Kildare, 
 Earl of Dalkeith, Viscount Downe, Viscount Harcourt, Lord 
 Ossulstone, Lord Hervey, Lord "VYalpole, Lord Eavensworth, 
 Lord Nassau Powlett, Lords William and Harry Beauclerc, Lord 
 Eobert Manners, Viscount Dursley, Lord Lifford, Lord Cowper, 
 Lord Bury, Lord John Cavendish, Count La Lippe, Baron 
 Hardenberg, Mr. Watson Wentworth (afterwards Marquis of 
 Eockingham), Hon. J. Dormer, Hon. C. Bentinck, Hon. G. 
 Bennett, Hon. Colonel Waldegrave, Hon. General Brudenel, 
 Hon. John Boscawen, Hon. Captain Legge, Sir William Corbett, 
 Sir Mathew Fetherstone, Sir Cecil Bishopp, Admiral Townsend, 
 
220 RECORDS AND REMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 General Honeywood, Mr. Percy Wyndham, Mr. Ealph Jennison 
 (Master of George II.'s Buck Hounds), Brigadier Churchill, etc. 
 
 The following narrative was copied from an old MS., framed 
 and hung up in an ancient farmhouse in Funtington, nearly 
 illegible from age : — 
 
 " A Full and Impartial Account of the RemarJcadle Chase at 
 Charlton, on Friday, the 26/^, 1738. 
 
 *' It has long been a matter of controversy in the hunting world 
 to what particular country or set of men the superiority belonged. 
 Prejudices and partiality have the greatest share in their dis- 
 putes, and even society their proper champion to assert the 
 pre-eminence and bring home the trophy to their own country. 
 Even Richmond Pack has the Dymoke. But on Friday, the 
 26th of January, 1738, there was a decisive engagement on the 
 plains of Sussex, which, after ten hours' struggle, has settled all 
 further debates and given the brush to the gentlemen of 
 
 Charlton. 
 
 "Peesent in the Morning. 
 
 "The Duke and Duchess of Richmond, Duke of St. Albans, 
 the Lord Yiscount Harcourt, the Lord Henry Beauclerc, the 
 Lord Ossulstone, Sir Harry Liddell, Brigadier Henry Hawley, 
 Ralph Jennison (Master of his Majesty's Buck Hounds), Edward 
 Pauncefort, Esq., William Farquhar, Esq., Cornet Philip Honey- 
 wood, Richard Biddulph, Esq., Mr. St. Paul, Mr. Johnson, Mr. 
 Peerman of Chichester, Mr. Thompson, Tom Johnson, Billy 
 Ives (Yeoman Pricker to his Majesty's Hounds), David Briggs 
 and Nim Ives, whippers-in. 
 
 " At a quarter before eight in the morning the fox was found in 
 East Dean Wood, and ran an hour in that cover ; then into the 
 forest, up Puntice Coppice, through Heringdean to the Marlows, 
 up to Coney Coppice, back to the Marlows, to the Forest West- 
 gate, over the fields to Nightingale Bottom, to Cobden's at 
 Draught, up his Pine Pit Hanger, where his Grace of St. Alban's 
 got a fall, through my Lady Lewkner's Puttocks, and missed 
 the earth ; through West Dean Forest to the corner of Collar 
 
AND TEE DUKES OF EIQHMOND. 221 
 
 Down (where Lord Harcourt blew his first horse), crossed the 
 Hacking Place, down the length of Coney Coppice, through the 
 meadows to Heringdean, into the Forest and Puntice Coppice, 
 East Dean Wood, through the lower Teglease, across by Cocking 
 Course down, between Graffham and Woolavington, through Mr. 
 Orme's park and paddock, over the Heath to Fielder's Furzes, 
 to the Harlands, Selham, Ambersham, through Todham Heath, 
 almost to Cowdray Park, there turned to the Limekiln at the 
 end of Cocking Causeway, through Cocking Park and Furzes, 
 then crossed the road and up the hills between Bepton and 
 Cocking. Here the unfortunate Lord Harcourt's second horse felt 
 the effects of long legs and a sudden steep ; the best thing that 
 belonged to him was his saddle, which my Lord had secured, but by 
 bleeding and Geneva (contrary to Act of Parliament) he recovered, 
 and with some difficulty was got home. Here Mr. Farquhar's 
 humanity claims your regard, who kindly sympathized with my 
 Lord in his misfortunes, and had no power to go beyond him. 
 
 " At the bottom of Cocking Warren the hounds turned to the 
 left across the road by the barn near Heringdean, then took the 
 side to the north gate of the forest (here General Hawley thought 
 it prudent to change his horse for a true blue that staid up the 
 hills ; Billy Ives likewise took a horse of Sir Harry Liddell's), 
 went quite through the forest and run the foil through Nightin- 
 gale Bottom to Cobden's at Draught, up his Pine Pit Hanger to 
 my Lady Lewkner's Puttocks, through every mews she went in 
 the morning, went through the warren above Westdean (where 
 we dropt Sir Harry Liddell), down to Benderton Farm (here 
 Lord Harry sank), through Goodwood Park (here the Duke of 
 Kichmond chose to send three lame horses back to Charlton, and 
 took Saucy Pace and Sir William, that were luckily at Goodwood ; 
 from thence, at a distance. Lord Harry was seen driving his 
 horse before him to Charlton). 
 
 "The hounds went out at the upper end of the park, over 
 Strettington road by Sealy Coppice (where his Grace of Rich- 
 mond got a summerset), over Halnaker Hill to Seabeach Farm 
 (here the master of the stag-hounds. Cornet Honeywood, Tom 
 
222 EEC0BD8 AND BEMINISCENCES OF GOODWOOD 
 
 Johnson, and Nim Ives were thoroughly satisfied), up Long 
 Down, through Eartham Common fields and Kemp's High Wood 
 (here Billy Ives tired his second horse and took Sir William, by 
 which the Duke of St Alban's had no great-coat to return to 
 Charlton). From Kemp's High Wood the hounds took away 
 through Gunworth Warren, Kemp's Rough Piece, over Slindon 
 Down to Madehurst Parsonage (where Billy came in with them), 
 over Poor Down up to Madehurst, then down to Haughton 
 Forest, when his Grace of Richmond, General Hawley, and Mr. 
 Pauncefort came in (the latter to little purpose, for beyond the 
 Ruel Hill neither Mr. Pauncefort nor his horse Tinker cared 
 to go, so wisely returned to his impatient friends), up the Ruel 
 Hill, left Sherwood, from thence to South Stoke to the wall of 
 Arundel River, where the glorious twenty-three hounds put an 
 end to the campaign, and killed an old bitch fox ten minutes 
 before six. Billy Ives, his Grace of Richmond, and General 
 Hawley were the only persons in at the death, to the immortal 
 honour of seventeen stone, and at least as many campaigns." 
 
 This assuredly must have been a most remarkable 
 run, and probably unparalleled, as it appears almost 
 impossible for a fox to keep before such a noted 
 pack of hounds as the Charlton was, for ten hours. 
 
 The care, however, with which the track of the 
 fox was verified, and the narrative written with so 
 much circumstantiality directly after the event, 
 preclude any doubt upon the subject. The solution 
 of the mystery probably is, that the fox of those 
 days, as well as those who started him on his 
 journey at a quarter before eight in the morning, 
 were more enduring and robust than they are in 
 these degenerate days. 
 
AND THE DUKES OF BICHMOND, 223 
 
 Still further to perpetuate the glories of the 
 Charlton Hunt and the memory of the redoubtable 
 huntsman (" Thomas Johnson "), there exists in 
 Singleton Church (the parish in which Charlton is 
 situated), near the vestry door, a tablet bearing the 
 following inscription : — 
 
 " Near this place lies interred 
 
 THOMAS JOHNSON, 
 
 Who departed this life at Charlton, 
 December 20th, 1774. 
 
 "From his early inclination to fox-hounds, he soon 
 became an experienced huntsman. His knowledge in his 
 profession, wherein he had no superior, hardly an equal, 
 joined to his honesty in every other particular, recom- 
 mended him to the service, and gained him the appro- 
 bation of several of the nobility and gentry, among them 
 being the Lord Conway, Earl of Cardigan, the Lord 
 GowER, the Duke of Marlborough, the Hon. M. 
 Spencer. The last master whom he served, in whose 
 service he died, was Charles, the third Duke of Eich- 
 MOND, Lennox, and Aubigny, who erected this monument 
 in memory of a good and faithful servant, as a reward to 
 the deceased, and an incitement to the living. * Go, and 
 do thou likewise' (St. Luke x. 37). 
 
 " Here Johnson lies ; what human can deny 
 Old Honest Tom the tribute of a sigh ? 
 Deaf is that ear which caught the opening sound j 
 Dunt that tongue which cheer'd the hills around. 
 Unpleasing truth : Death hunts us from our birth 
 In view, and men, like foxes, take to earth." 
 
224 BECORDS AND BEMINI8CENCE8 OF GOODWOOD. 
 
 With this account of one of the most famous 
 events in the history of Sussex fox-hunting I will 
 take leave of the reader, trusting that he may have 
 found in these pages a little of the interest that the 
 facts recorded possess for one whose life has been so 
 intimately connected as my own with most of the 
 scenes and many of the personalities described. 
 
INDEX 
 
 Agricultural distress ini 1821 and 
 
 1822... 137-138 
 Agriculture : the fifth Duke of Eich- 
 
 mond looks after the interest of, 
 
 157, 159, 173 
 Albemarle, Earl of, 104 
 Albuera, battle of, 72 
 Almeida, battle near, 71 
 Althorp, Lord, 152 
 Anglesea, Marquis of, 59, 81, 108 
 Anti-Corn Law League, 159 
 Armstrong, Sir W. G., 31 
 Ascot Heath Second Meeting in 
 
 1829 ; all the races at, won by the 
 
 fifth Duke of Kichmond, 91 
 Astorga, capture of, 69 
 Aubigny, Dukedom of, devolves upon 
 
 the second Duke of Richmond, 5, 
 
 154; the title of, 206 
 
 B 
 
 Ball given by the Duchess of Rich- 
 mond at Brussels on the eve of 
 Waterloo, 57, 58, 79 
 
 Barnham, 24 
 
 Barttelot, Sir Walter, 212 
 
 Bathurst, Earl, 151 
 
 Battine, Major, 10 
 
 Belgium, Napoleon's advance on, 79 
 
 Bennet, Sir John, 17 
 
 Bentinck, Lord George, 77, 92, 106 ; 
 trains his horses at Goodwood, 
 97-101, 105; and sugar-planting 
 in the Indies, 171 
 
 Berkeley, Vioe-Admiral Hon. G., 
 70-72 
 
 Bessborough, Countess of, 159, 187 
 
 Betting, fraudulent, the fifth Duke 
 of Richmond and, 104, 105 
 
 Bines, Furze, 213 
 
 Birch, Sir Thomas, 9 
 
 Birdham, 24 
 
 Blunden, Richard (baker), 31, 33 
 
 Bolton, Duke of, and the Charlton 
 foxhounds, 14 
 
 Bow Hill, a portion of the South 
 Downs, 83 
 
 Bowles, Major, with the fourth Duke 
 of Richmond in Canada, 51-54 
 
 Boxgrove Common, 213 
 
 Boyce, Mr. R. D., 84 
 
 Bristol, riots at, 151 
 
 Brougham, Lord, 170 
 
 Brunswick, Duke of, 58 
 
 Brussels, the fourth Duke of Rich- 
 mond entertains the Duke of 
 Wellington at, on the eve of 
 Waterloo, 49, 56-60, 78-80 
 
 Budd, H. (gamekeeper), 219 
 
 Buildings constructed by the third 
 Duke, 22-26 
 
 Burgos, skirmish with the French 
 near, 75 
 
 Burgoyne, Sir J., 31 
 
 Burlington, Earl of, 86 
 
 Busaco, battle of, 71 
 
 , the fifth Duke's charger, 25, 
 
 75 
 
 Butler, Mr., of the Charlton Hunt, 216 
 
 Byng, Sir John (Earl of Strafford), 92 
 
 Cambridge, Duke of, 31 
 Campbell, Col. Colin, 72 
 
226 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Canada, the fourth Duke of Kich- 
 mond's death in, of hydrophobia, 
 51-54 
 Carlisle, Earl of, 173 
 
 1 the reduction of, 5 
 
 Carne's Seat, at Goodwood, 7, 8 
 Carter, Wm. (smuggler), 9-13 
 Castlereagh, Lord, 64 
 Catholic Emancipation Bill, 139-143 
 
 Question, the, 155 
 
 Cato Street conspiracy, the, 64-66 
 Cedar trees on the Goodwood estate, 
 
 22, 23, 190 
 Charles, son of the Pretender, 5 
 Charlton Forest, 2, 10, 21, 211 
 
 pack of foxhounds, 4, 14, 15 
 
 Hunt, the, 197, 211; description 
 
 of, 214-222 
 Chater, Daniel, murdered by smug- 
 glers, 11, 12 
 Chatham, the death of, in 1778... 28 
 Chichester, the first Duke of Rich- 
 mond and the freemasons of, 
 3, 4 ; George I. at, 4 ; the se- 
 cond Duke when Earl of March, 
 M.P. for, 5; is elected mayor in 
 1835... 8; the Market Cross at, 
 9 ; smugglers hanged at, 13; stone 
 dug from North Street, 16, 17; 
 mausoleum erected by the second 
 Duke of Eichmond in the cathe- 
 dral at, 17, 42 ; the fifth Duke of 
 Eichmond on the Magisterial 
 Bench at, 111; the fifth Duke, 
 when Earl of March, M.P. for, 136; 
 siege of, in 1642-1643... 197 
 Church of Ireland, the fifth Duke of 
 
 Eichmond and, 154-156 
 Ciudad Eodrigo, siege of, 73 
 Clanricarde, Lord, 166 
 Clarendon, Earl of, 170 
 Clark, Sir James, 185 
 Clive, Baron Edward, 9 
 Cobby, John (smuggler), 9-13 
 Cockburn, Col., with the fourth Duke 
 
 of Eichmond in Canada, 51-44 
 Coldstream Guards, the fourth Duke 
 of Eichmond Colonel of, 43 ; ex- 
 tract from Col. Mackinnon's his- 
 tory of, 44-47 
 Commons, House of, the Earl of 
 March (afterwards the fifth Duke 
 of Eichmond) in, 136, 137 
 Cork-trees at Goodwood, 23 
 Corn Laws, repeal of, 162-167, 175 
 Crawford, Brigadier-General, 71 
 Cumberland, Duke of, 151 
 Customs Duties Bill, 167 
 
 D 
 
 Dale Park, 213 
 
 Darnley, Earl, picture of, at Good- 
 wood, 199-207 
 
 Daubigney's Club, Col. Lennox and, 
 44,45 
 
 Deer, herd of, kept by the third 
 Duke at Goodwood, 20 
 
 Derby, Lord, 108 
 
 Dettingen, battle of, 5 
 
 Diamond (smuggler), 11 
 
 Divorce Court Bill, 184 
 
 Dodd, Dr., 68 
 
 Dudley, Earl, 151 
 
 Duel between the Duke of York 
 (George IV.) and Col. Lennox 
 (fourth Duke of Eichmond) on 
 Wimbledon Common, 44-47 
 
 Dunwich, Viscount (Earl of Strad- 
 (broke), 84-93, 108, 109 
 
 Duty on wool, in 1825... 138, 139 
 
 E 
 
 East Dean, 21 
 
 Egmont, Earl of, 212 
 
 Egremont, Earl of, 35; hounds of, 
 
 83, 211 
 Eldon, Lord Chancellor, 141,142, 145 
 Ellesmere, Earl of, 170 
 
 Factory Bill, the, 170, 171 
 
 "Farmer's Friend," the fifth Duke 
 of Eichmond as the, 159-163 
 
 Fitzroy, Lord John, 89 
 
 Fortifications of England, the third 
 Duke and the, 29-31 
 
 Foster, Sir Michael, 9 
 
 Fox-bunting, the third Duke and, 32, 
 37-40. See also Charlton, and 
 Goodwood. 
 
 Freeman, Luke (huntsman), 35 
 
 Freemasons, the first Duke of Eich- 
 mond, Master of a lodge at Chiches- 
 ter, 3, 4 
 
 Frenada, French lines near, in 1813, 
 74 
 
 Fuentes d'Onoro, 72 
 
 Fusiliers, the Eoyal, at "Waterloo, 80, 
 81 
 
 G 
 
 Galley (Custom House officer), mur- 
 dered by smugglers, 11, 12 
 
INDEX. 
 
 227 
 
 Game Laws Amendment Act, 137, 138 
 
 George I. at Chichester, 4 
 
 George III., celebration of the jubilee 
 of, 56 
 
 George IV., duel with Col. Lennox 
 on Wimbledon Common when Duke 
 of York, 44-47 ; visits the fifth 
 Duke of Kichmond, 47 ; funeral of, 
 146; hounds of, 219 
 
 « Glorious Goodwood," 192, 193 ; the 
 course, 96 ; founded by the third 
 Duke, 40, 41 
 
 Goodwood Park and estate, extent 
 of, in 1720... 2, 6 ; the second Duke 
 erects " Carne's Seat " in, 7, 8 ; 
 Sussex smugglers passing through, 
 9; collection of wild beasts at, 13, 
 14; High Wood at, 14, 15; the 
 "Temple of Minerva" at, 15, 16; 
 buildings and improvements on, 
 made by the third Duke, 19-26 ; 
 trees and plantations on, 22-24; 
 the kennels at, 25 ; racecourse 
 made at, iu 1800... 34, 40, 41; the 
 Prince Kegent (George IV.) hunts 
 at, 36; the Militia in, 113, 114; 
 South Down wethers at, 180, 181 ; 
 improvements by the sixth Duke 
 in, 190; cedars in, 190; racecourse 
 in, 192; waterworks at, 194; re- 
 ductions in rent upon, 191, 192 
 
 Goodwood House, pictures and inte- 
 resting treasures at, 194-207 ; the 
 library, 208 
 
 Goodwood foxhounds, 211, 212. See 
 also Charlton Hunt. 
 
 Goodwood races ; two horses run by 
 ,Earl March in 1817.. .84; Mr. 
 Greville and the Goodwood Stakes 
 in 1824... 85, 86; Gold Cup in 
 1827.. .87; Gold Cup in 1833... 92; 
 race meetings at, 94-106 
 
 " Gordon," the honours and estates 
 of, descend to the fifth Duke of 
 Kichmond, 49 
 
 Gordon Castle, 185 ; estates, 191 
 
 , the ancient dukedom of, 188 
 
 Gordon, Sir Alexander, 60 
 
 Graham, Sir James, 92, 108, 154 
 
 Grant, Tom (huntsman), 31-33, 36, 
 38-40, 55 
 
 Greville, Mr. C, and the Goodwood 
 Stakes in 1824... 85, 86; visits to 
 Goodwood mentioned in his diary, 
 105 
 
 Grey, Earl, 119, 123, 148, 152 
 
 Grosvenor, Gen., lines addressed to 
 the fifth Duke of Richmond, 95, 96 
 
 Grosvenor, Earl, 137 
 
 Guildhall, the visit of William IV. 
 
 to, in 1830, postponed, 146-148 
 Gurwood, Lieut., 73 
 Guthrie, Mr., 132, 133 
 
 Hair, Surgeon Archibald, 76-78, 185 
 Halnaker House and park, 21, 75 
 Hammond, John (smuggler), 9-13 
 Hampnett Union, the fifth Duke of 
 
 Richmond and, 111-113 
 Hardwicke, Earl of, 118 
 Harding, Viscount, 188 
 Harrowby, Lord, 64-66, 145 
 Hay, Lord, 58 
 Horse Guards Blue, charge of the, 
 
 at Waterloo, 80 
 Hougomont, Grenadier Guards at, 
 
 132 
 Houldsworth, Mr., 92 
 Hounds purchased by the third 
 
 Duke from the Earl of Egremont, 
 
 35, 36. See also Charlton. 
 Hume, Mr. John, 149 
 Huntingfield, Lord, 180 
 
 I 
 
 Ireland, the fourth Duke of Rich- 
 mond, Lord Lieutenant of, 47, 48 ; 
 Church of, the fifth Duke of 
 Richmond and, 154-156 ; potato- 
 famine in, 162, 164, 168, 169 
 
 Irish Question ; letter written by the 
 Duke of Wellington in 1838, to 
 Lady de Ros on the, 63 
 
 Itchenor, 24 
 
 Jackson, William (smuggler), 9-13 
 Jockey Club, 192, 210 ; the fifth Duke 
 
 of Richmond a steward of, 103-105 
 Johnson, Tom (huntsman), 14, 223, 
 
 224 
 
 Kennels erected by the third Duke 
 of Goodwood, 25, 37, 211, 218 
 
 Kent, Mr. (father of the author), 
 trainer at Goodwood, 92 
 
 King, Henry (gardener), 31, 34 
 
 Kitchener, jockey, 101 
 
228 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Lansdowne, Marquis of, 171, 172 
 Leconfield, Lord, 211, 212 
 Lennox, Earl of (1591), 206 
 
 , Lord Algernon Gordon, 212 
 
 , Francis Gordon, 212 
 
 , George, on the Duke of 
 
 Wellington's staff, 49, 50 
 
 , George Henry, 198, 208 
 
 , Henry Gordon, 212 
 
 , William (the fifth Duke's 
 
 brother), 47, 127, 182 
 
 , William Pitt, on the sad 
 
 end of the fourth Duke of Richmond, 
 54 
 , Lady Caroline Gordon (Coun- 
 tess of Bessborough), 159 
 
 , Lady Georgiana, 57, 80. See 
 
 Eos, Lady de 
 
 , Col. (fourth Dukeo^Richmond), 
 
 duel on Wimbledon Common with 
 the Duke of York (George IV.), 
 44-47 
 Londonderry, Marquis of, 119, 145 
 Lords, House of, the third Duke in 
 the, 27-29; the fifth Duke of 
 Richmond in, 136 ; and the repeal 
 of an obsolete racing Act, 103-105 ; 
 petitions for medals for Peninsula 
 soldiers, 114-123 
 Lucan, Countess of, 187 
 Lupin, M., purchases the fifth Duke 
 
 of Richmond's brood mares, 106 
 Lyndhurst, Lord, 152 
 
 M 
 
 Mackinnon, Col., on the duel between 
 Col. Lennox and the Duke of 
 York, 44-47 
 
 Madrid, Wellington's entry into, 73, 74 
 
 Maitland, Sir Charles, 50 
 
 Mansfield, Earl of, 145 
 
 March, Earl of (son of the fourth 
 Duke), 48 
 
 , (afterwards fifth Duke of 
 
 Richmond), aide-de-camp to the 
 Prince of Holland, 49, 50, 58, 59. 
 See also Richmond, fifth Duke of. 
 
 —— , (son and heir of the sixth 
 
 Duke of Richmond), 210 ; steward 
 of the Jockey Club, 230 ; his busi- 
 ness capacity, 210, 211 ; master of 
 the Goodwood hounds, 211, 212 
 
 March, Lady, 212 
 
 Mary, Queen of Scots, picture of, at 
 Goodwood, 199-207 
 
 Martello towers, erected on the 
 south coast, 29-31 
 
 Mausoleum in Chichester Cathedral, 
 17 
 
 Medals for Peninsula soldiers, the 
 fifth Duke petitions the House of 
 Lords for, 114-123; military testi- 
 monial on account of, 124-135 
 
 Melthorpe, William, 18 
 
 Military testimonial to the fifth Duke 
 of Richmond, 124-135 
 
 Militia, the Sussex, the fifth Duke 
 of Richmond and, 113, 114 
 
 Mills, Richard (smuggler), 9, 11 
 
 Molecomb, 82, 107, 193 
 
 Monmouth, Duke of, 197, 215, 216 
 
 Moon, the brothers, posthorses of, 
 95 
 
 Morley, George (the artist), 102 
 
 Mortar-mill constructed by the third 
 Duke at Goodwood, 24, 25 
 
 N 
 
 " Nelly " (dog) found on the battle- 
 field of Waterloo, 50 
 
 Newmarket, races at, won by the 
 fifth Duke of Richmond, 84, 85, 
 92 93 
 
 "Nun's Well," the, at Sedgwick 
 Castle, 17, 18 
 
 O'Connell, lines on the death of, 169 
 Orange, the Prince of, 59, 73, 75, 79, 
 
 80, 133 
 Orleans Cup in 1841, won by Mus, 
 
 97, 101 
 Orthez, battle "of, the Earl of March 
 
 wounded at the, 69, 76-78, 83, 84, 
 
 107, 184, 185, 209 
 
 Paget, Lady Caroline, 81, 107 
 Paris, ball given by the Duke of 
 
 Wellington at, in 1815.. .61 
 Parliamentary Reform, the third 
 
 Duke an advocate of, 23 
 Peel, Col., 92 
 Peel, Sir Robert, 146, 156, 162, 163, 
 
 167 
 " Peggy," brown mare, 110 
 Peninsula War,experiences of the fifth 
 
 Duke of Richmond in the, 69-78 ; 
 
 medals for soldiers who took part 
 
INDEX. 
 
 229 
 
 in the, 114-123; fifth Duke of 
 Richmond visits an old soldier of 
 the, 182-183 
 
 Petition for medals on behalf of Pe- 
 ninsula soldiers presented to the 
 House of Lords by the fifth Duke 
 of Richmond, 114-123 
 
 Pettat, Capt., 192 
 
 Petwortb, 20-25 ; prison at, planned 
 by the third Duke, 26; pack of 
 hounds at, 211, 212 
 
 Pevensey, Martello tower at, de- 
 stroyed, 30, 31 
 
 Pictures at Goodwood House, 194- 
 207; by Vandyke, 195, 196; by 
 Sir Peter Lely, 196; by Sir G. 
 Kneller, 197; by Romney, 197, 198 ; 
 by Ostade, 198; by Guide, 198; 
 by Hudson, 198; by Rembrandt, 
 199; by Teniers, 199; by Gains- 
 borough, 199 ; by Rubens, 199 ; by 
 Titian, 199; by Hogarth, 199; of 
 Mary Queen of Scots and Earl 
 Darnley, 199-207 
 
 " Pigeon," the fifth Duke's shooting 
 pony, 108-110 
 
 Pillirea, specimens of the, at Good- 
 wood, 23, 24 
 
 Pilly Green Lodges, 21 
 
 Plantations made on the Goodwood 
 estate by the third Duke, 22, 23 
 
 Plate, piece of, presented to the sixth 
 Duke of Richmond on his coming 
 of age, 209 
 
 Poole Custom House, broken into by 
 smugglers, 10, 11 
 
 Poor Laws, the new, in 1834... Ill, 112 
 
 Potato famine in Ireland, 162, 164, 
 168, 169 
 
 Prison at Petworth, planned by the 
 third Duke, 26 
 
 Pyrenees, battle of the, 75 
 
 Quatre Bras, 59 
 
 Quebec, the fourth Duke of Rich- 
 mond buried at, 54 
 " Qui-tam " actions of 1843, the, 105 
 
 R 
 
 Racecourse at Goodwood, made by 
 the third Duke, 34, 40, 41 
 
 Racehorses, run by the fifth Duke of 
 Richmond at Goodwood and else- 
 
 where, 84-106; Cuckoo, 100; Dan- 
 dizette, 85, 91 ; Elizondo. 92, 93 ; 
 Ghillie Callum, 100 ; Guava (fill v), 
 192, 193; Gulnare, 88-90, 101; 
 Harbinger, 100; Homebrewed, 100; 
 Hornpipe, 100; Khabara, 211; 
 Link Boy, 87-90 ; Lothario, 101 ; 
 Miss Craven, roan mare, 88, 91, 
 95; Mus, 97, 101; Officious, 100; 
 Pharos, 100; Pic-Nic, 100; Red 
 Deer, 100-102; Red Hart, 100; 
 Red Hind, 100; Refraction, 100; 
 Rubini, 92, 93; The Currier, 192 ; 
 Vampyre, 100; Whipstock, 99; 
 Wimpole (colt), 193 
 
 Radnor, Earl of, 157 
 
 Raglan, Lord, 59, 61, 73, 108 
 
 Raughmere, 21 
 
 Rawdon, Lord, 45, 46 
 
 Redesdale, Lord, 184 
 
 Reform Bills, 147, 149-152 
 
 Richmond, the tirst Duke of, his 
 birth, 1 ; purchases Goodwood 
 House in 1720. ..2, 3; master of a 
 lodge of Freemasons at Chichester, 
 3, 4 ; as a sportsman, 4 ; marriage 
 of, 4 ; his children, 4 ; death and 
 burial, 4; portrait of, by Sir G. 
 Kneller, at Goodwood, 197 ; and the 
 Charlton Hunt, 218 
 
 Richmond, the second Duke of, his 
 birth, 5, 7; becomes Duke of 
 Aubigny, 5 ; his numerous honours 
 and appointments, 4, 5 ; assists in 
 the reduction of Carlisle, 5 ; elected 
 mayor of Chichester in 1735... 8; 
 repairs the Market Cross at Chi- 
 chester, 9 ; meets the judges at 
 Midhurst in 1749...9; and Sussex 
 smugglers, 10 ; his collection of 
 wild beasts at Goodwood, 13, 14 ; 
 erects the "Temple of Minerva'* 
 at Goodwood, 15, 16 ; constructs 
 the family mausoleum in Chichester 
 Cathedral, 17 ; death of, 18 ; his 
 wife, 18; and the Charlton Hunt, 
 218 
 
 Richmond, the third Duke of, his 
 birth, 19 ; improves the Goodwood 
 estate, 19-26; cliooses the military 
 profession, 27 ; and the kennels at 
 Goodwood, 25, 37; early appoint- 
 ments of, 27 ; liis speeches in the 
 House of Lords, 27, 28 ; as Master- 
 General of the Ordnance attends 
 to the fortifications of the country, 
 29-31 ; some old servants of, 31 ; 
 an early riser, 31, 33 ; fondness for 
 
230 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 fox-hunting, 32, 33, 37-40; race- 
 course made by, in 1800... 34, 40; 
 keeps choice birds and animals, 
 35 ; the Prince Kegent (George IV.) 
 hunts with, at Goodwood, 36 ; 
 founder of the Goodwood Kaces, 
 40, 41 ; his later days, 41 ; death 
 of, 42 ; portrait of, by Komney, at 
 Goodwood, 198 ; and the Charlton 
 Hunt, 218, 223 
 
 Eichmond, the fourth Duke of, his 
 birth, 43 ; chooses the military 
 profession, and is gazetted full 
 General, 43; the Duke, when 
 Colonel Lennox of the Coldstream 
 Guards, fights a duel with the 
 Duke of York (afterwards George 
 IV.), 44-47 ; appointed Lord 
 Lieutenant of Ireland in 1807. ..47, 
 48, 55 ; his marriage, 49 ; enter- 
 tains the Duke of Wellington at 
 Brussels on the eve of Waterloo, 
 49, 50, 78, 79 ; appointed Governor- 
 General of the British settlements 
 in North America, 50; his death 
 of hydrophobia in Canada, 51-55 ; 
 buried at Quebec Cathedral, 54; 
 gives the famous Goodwood pack 
 of foxhounds in 1813 to the Prince 
 Regent, 55; his friendship with 
 the Duke of Wellington, 55-61, 65 ; 
 the Duke of Wellington and third 
 daughter of, see Ros, Lady de; 
 portrait of, at Goodwood, 198; 
 gives up the Goodwood Hounds, 
 211 
 
 Eichmond, the fifth Duke of, visited 
 by George IV., 47; the honours 
 and estates of " Gordon " descend 
 to, 49 ; birth and early days, 68 ; 
 his rapid promotion in the army, 
 69 ; his experiences in the Penin- 
 sula War as aide-de-camp to the 
 Duke of Wellington, 69-78; 
 wounded at the battle of Orthez, 
 76-78 ; at the battle of Waterloo, 
 80, 81; his marriage, 81, 82; 
 racehorses run and owned by, 83- 
 106; accident to, 83; winnings 
 during his racing career, 101 ; and 
 the repeal of an obsolete racing 
 Act, 103-105 ; disposes of his horses 
 at Tattersall's, 106 ; as a politician 
 and country gentleman, 107-111 ; 
 and the Hampnett Union, 111- 
 113 ; and the Sussex Militia, 113, 
 114; petitions the House of Lords 
 for medals for Peninsula soldiers. 
 
 114-123; military testimonial to, 
 124-135 ; further incidents in his 
 political life, 136-145 ; as Earl of 
 March, M.P. for Chichester, 136; 
 and the duty on wool, 138, 139; 
 and the Catholic Emancipation 
 Bill, 139-143 ; selected as one of 
 the pall-bearers at the funeral of 
 George IV,, 146 ; joins the Cabinet 
 as Postmaster-General, 148, 153; 
 and the Reform Bill, 149-151 ; and 
 the Bill for the abolition of slavery, 
 153, 154; and the Irish Church, 
 154-156 ; and agriculture, 157, 
 159-164, 173-178 ; and the Thirty - 
 Nine Articles Bill, 158 ; selected 
 as President of the Society for the 
 Protection of Agriculture, 159, 178, 
 179 ; and the Customs Duties Bill, 
 170, 171; and the Factory Bill, 
 170, 171 : and the Smithfield Club, 
 179-181 ; passages from the "Me- 
 moir" of, 181, 182, 186; visits an 
 old Peninsula soldier, 182, 183; 
 and amendments in the Divorce 
 Court Bill, 184 : illness and death 
 of, 184, 185; his children, 187; 
 wounded in the Peninsular War, 
 see Orthez, battle of. 
 
 Richmond, the sixth Duke of, his 
 birth, 187, 188 ; chooses the mili- 
 tary profession, 188; various offices 
 held by, 188, 189; improves the 
 Goodwood estates, 190-192 ; as a 
 patron of the turf, 192, 193; and 
 shooting, 193 ; festivities on the 
 coming of age of, 208 ; presentation 
 of a piece of plate to, 209 ; re- 
 establishes the Goodwood hounds, 
 211 ; son and heir of. See March, 
 Earl of. 
 
 Richmond, Duchess of, 130, 131 ; 
 married to the fourth Duke in 
 1783, 49 
 
 Richmond, Duchess of, ball given by, 
 at Brussels, on the eve of Waterloo, 
 57, 58, 66, 79 
 
 Richmond, Duchess of (wife of the 
 fifth Duke), 184, 186; children ot. 
 187 
 
 Richmondville, Canada, 51, 52 
 
 Riots in England over the Reform 
 Bill, 151 
 
 Ripon, Earl of, 157 
 
 Road, made by the third Duke, 20 
 
 Rook's Hill (St. Roche's), 3, 4 
 
 Roper, Mr., of the Charlton Hunt, 
 216-219 
 
INDEX. 
 
 231 
 
 Ros, Lady de (daughter of the fourth 
 Duke of Richmond), recollections 
 of the Duke of Wellington, 56-66 ; 
 and the Cato Street conspiracy, 
 64-66 ; Bishop Wilkinson on, 67 
 
 Rous, Admiral, 98 
 
 Rowan, Sir Charles, 108 
 
 Rowland's Castle, 10, 11 
 
 Royal Agricultural Society, 178- 
 181 
 
 Royal Commission on Agriculture, 
 191 
 
 Russell, Lord John, 129, 152, 162, 
 167 
 
 Russia, Emperor of, entertained by 
 the fourth Duke of Richmond, 
 49 
 
 S 
 
 St. Roche's Hill, 3, 4, 208 
 Salamanca, battle of, 69, 72 
 Saltoun, Lord, 124-127, 132 
 Saxe- Weimar, Prince Edward of, 212 
 Scarborough, Earl of, 4 
 Seaford, Martello Tower at, 30 
 Sedgweck, Castle, 17; " Nun's Well " 
 
 at, 17, 18 
 Selhurst Park, 21 
 Shooting on the Goodwood estate, 
 
 108 
 Sidmouth, Lord, 64 
 Sidney, Lady, 152, 153 
 Singleton, 21 
 
 Skillygolee (horse named), 112, 113 
 Slavery, the abolition of, 153, 154 
 Slindon Common, 213 
 Smithfield Club, the fifth Duke of 
 
 Richmond and, 179-181 
 Smugglers of Sussex, 9-13 
 Soar, Peter (coachman to the fourth 
 
 duke), 50 
 Society of Free and Ancient Masons, 
 
 meeting of, on St. Roche's Hill, 
 
 3,4 
 Somerset, Lord Fitzroy (Lord 
 
 Raglan), 59, 61, 73, 80, 133 
 Soult, Marshal, 75 
 South Down wether sheep, the fifth 
 
 Duke's, 180, 181 
 Spencer, Earl, 179, 180 
 Sporting Magazine, April, 1801 ; ex- 
 tract from, re the third Duke, 
 
 40, 41 
 Staghunt at Goodwood, 208 
 Stanhope, Earl, 443 
 Stanley, Lord, 154, 165, 172 
 Stoke, 21 
 
 Stone in the Temple of Minerva at 
 
 Goodwood, 15, 16 
 Stradbroke, Earl of, 84-93, 108, 109 
 Stratford, Earl of, 92 
 Sumner, Mr. Holme, 136, 137 
 Sussex; smugglers of, 9-13; the 
 third Duke appointed Lord-Lieut, 
 of, 27; militia of, 113,114 
 Swinton, Mrs. (the Duke of Welling- 
 ton's god -daughter), 62; Bishop 
 Wilkinson 8 letters to, re Lady de 
 Ros, 67 
 
 Tapuer, Benjamin (smuggler), 9-13 
 
 , Charles, 31, 35 
 
 Tattersall's, the fifth Duke's horses 
 sold at, 106 
 
 Temple of Minerva at Goodwood, 
 15,16 
 
 Testimonial to the fifth Duke of 
 Richmond, 124-135 
 
 The Times, on the military testi- 
 monial to the fifth Duke of Rich- 
 mond, 133-135 
 
 Thickets in Goodwood Park, 190 
 
 Thirty-Nine Articles Bill, 158 
 
 Tighe, Lady Louisa, 66 
 
 Towers (Martello) erected on the 
 south coast for the purpose of 
 defence, 29-31 
 
 Trees on the Goodwood estate, 22-24 
 
 Tudor, Joseph, 18 
 
 U 
 
 Uxbridge, Earl of, 92, 108-110 
 Uxbridge, Lord (Marquis of Angle- 
 sea), 59 
 
 Valdoe Coppice, the, 20, 212 
 
 Lodges, 21 
 
 Verulam, Lord, wins the Goodwood 
 
 Stakes in 1824... 85, 86 
 Victoria, Queen, coronation of, 159 ; 
 
 opens Parliament in 1846... 164; 
 
 also in 1849... 172 
 
 W 
 
 Waller, Sir Wm., portrait of, at Good- 
 wood, 196 
 
 Waterloo, the Duke of Richmond at, 
 49, 50 ; the battle of, 58-60, 80, 81 ; 
 ball given by the Duchess of Rich- 
 mond on the eve of, 67, 58, 66, 79 
 
232 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 "Waterworks at Goodwood Park, 
 194 
 
 Wellesley, Sir Arthur, 55, See also 
 Wellington, Duke of. 
 
 Wellington, Duke of, entertained by 
 the fourth Duke of Kichmond at 
 Brussels on the eve of Waterloo, 
 49, 50 ; appointment in Ireland 
 when Sir Arthur Wellesley, 55, 
 56 ; some recollections of, by Lady 
 de Eos, 56-66 ; letter addressed 
 by, to his goddaughter, 62 ; letter 
 on the Irish question sent to Lady 
 de Eos, 63, 6t ; and the Cato Street 
 conspiracy, 64-66 ; has the Earl of 
 March as his aide-de-camp during 
 the Peninsula War, 69-78 ; ball at 
 Brussels on eve of Waterloo, 57, 
 58, 79; at Waterloo, 80, 81; and 
 shooting at Goodwood, 108 ; and 
 the petition for medals for Penin- 
 sula soldiers,'ll 6-123; opposes the 
 Eeform Bill, 147, 151, 152; and 
 the Corn Laws, 163, 164; and the 
 Customs Duties Bill, 167, 168. 
 
 Westhampnett House, 21 
 
 Union, 111 
 
 West Lavant, 21 
 
 West Wittering, 24 
 
 Wethers, South Down; the fifth 
 Duke's, 180, 181 
 
 Wharnecliffe, Lord, 145 
 
 Wicklow, Earl, 141, 142, 154 
 
 Wilkinson, Bishop, letter addressed 
 to Mrs. Swinton,re Lady de Eos, 69 
 
 William III. hunts at Goodwood, 3, 
 214 
 
 William IV., accession of, 144, 145, 
 151 ; a visit to the Guildhall post- 
 poned in 1830... 146-148; opens 
 Parliament in 1835... 156; death 
 of, 158, 159 
 
 Willis's Eooms, military testimonial 
 to the fifth Duke of Eichmond, 
 124-135 
 
 Wimbledon Common, duel between 
 the Duke of York and Colonel 
 Lennox on, 44-47 
 
 Winchelsea, Earl of, 45, 46, 145 
 
 Winchester, Lord, 145 
 
 Wool, duty on, in 1825... 138, 139 
 
 Wyon, Mr. W., 180 
 
 York, Duke of (afterwards George 
 IV.), duel on Wimbledon Common 
 with Colonel Lennox, 44-47 
 
 Young, Wm. (valet), 31 
 
 PKINXED BY WILLIAM CLOAVES AND SONS, LlJllXED, STAMFOKD SXBEET AND CHAIUKG CKOS8. 
 
DECEMBER 23, 1919 
 
 'JOCKEY CLUB IS JOLTED 
 
 Signs of Life in Ancient Britisli 
 Institution 
 
 Public Criticism Is Overcoming 
 Inertia 
 
 Increasing Problems of the Golf 
 Courses 
 
 Fox Hunting Now Is Only for the 
 Rich 
 
 By Capt. Thomas C. Watson 
 
 Special Cable to the Boston Transcript 
 Copyright. 1919, by Public Ledger Co. 
 
 J.iOndoji, Dec. 23— Th-^. British Jockey Clivb 
 has taken a knock. The Jockey Club rep- 
 resents all that is best and worst in those 
 fine old British institutions— institutions 
 Which put tradition before common sense, 
 discuss but never act, hesitate when zip 
 is wanted, and zip when they should hesi- 
 tate. This autocratic body, composed for 
 the most part of peers of the realm, has ! 
 had full control of British racing and as 
 a result British racing is conducted in | 
 exactly the same way as those peers' 
 great-groat-grandfathers conducted it. 
 Now and again a young man gets elected | 
 and he is all out to ginger up the old gen- ! 
 tlemen, but nothing comes of it. The old ; 
 diplomacy prevails and the unfortunate 
 racegoer still suffers, but continues to grin 
 and bear it. They're a long-suffering race, 
 these British. No other people would 
 stand it for a moment. 
 
 To go to a British race meeting one 
 takes one's life in one's hands. First, 
 you stitch up your bankroll in yotxr most 
 secure pocket, with fervent prayer that 
 you will overcome all the im'portuning of 
 bandits who will beset your path at every 
 st«p. The railway company will relieve 
 your purse considerably at the outset by 
 charging quadruple fare for a few miles' 
 journey in a very dirty railway carriage 
 especially designed to encourage "robbery 
 
 v.ith violence." 
 
 RuflSans Have Designs on One's Wad 
 
 Your fellow passengers may be the big- 
 gest and toughest crooks in the world, and 
 in the tiny compartment, six feet by five 
 and about seven feet high, you are shut 
 >ff from all communication with the world. 
 These rufflians generally pack a railway 
 compartment with oUiers of their own kid- 
 ney and then, either by cheating with cards 
 or by violence— that is only resorted to 
 when the victims decline to play— the un- 
 fortunate racegoer is lifted of his wad. 
 However, should the racegoer get there 
 with his money intact, the racecourse pro- 
 prietors will relieve him of $10 to $15 be- 
 fore he is permitted even to see a horse. If 
 he wants to see the paddock it costs him 
 another $34. Only a millionaire with the 
 digestive qualities of an ostrich dare tackle 
 the meals they serve. 
 
 You will then be squashed tight in a pen 
 which will forbid your seeing any of the 
 racing, and if you are sufficiently mis- 
 guided to "back your fancy" one of the 
 red-necked, blue-chinned, hoarse-voiced 
 banditti will either wither you with scorn 
 at the smallness of your stake or deign to 
 accept it at odds which are certainly in his 
 favor. 
 
 As in the Days of Hogarth 
 
 That is how racing is conducted now in 
 Great Britain. It is just the "iame as 
 Hogarth drew it in the early Victorian 
 era. Latterly the press has pilloried the 
 Jockey Club in an attempt to bring re- 
 forms. People no longer want to be the 
 "bookmakers' friend"; there is a strong 
 and persistent demand for the establish- 
 ment of the pari-mutuel system and a'so 
 for the cleansing of the racecourse of its 
 pests of crooks and sharpers. So persist- 
 ent were these attacks that the Jockey 
 Club budged from its position of sp endld 
 attachment and within the sacred pre- 
 cincts of their own board room the mem- 
 bers ponderously took themselves to task 
 about their stewardship. So they passed 
 a resolution. It was: 
 
 "It is desirable that the Jockey Club shall 
 exercise a closer control over the finance 
 and man,agement of all racecourses than 
 has hitherto been in operation." 
 
 That is all! 
 
 Hunting to Hounds Conies High 
 
 Pcx hunting Is now at its zenith. But 
 unlike other sport, one must compare it 
 unfavorably with its pre-war status. Tn 
 those days those who hunted were the 
 country gentlemen, the squire and often 
 yeoman and tenant farmers, an odd par- 
 son or two and probably the country' doc- 
 
 tor. Now these unfortunate classes, w/.at 
 with the war's delapidations and the In- 
 cri^ased taxation, cannot afford to carry on 
 as f^ey did before the war. The "fields" 
 are row composed in many .:ases of the 
 mann'.facturing classes. They are the only 
 one<< who can afford It. They lack the ex- 
 poritnce m horsemanship of the pre-war 
 hunting man and many are their "howlers" 
 in hont etiquette. , 
 
 It v/as c-om.puted the other day by a hunt- 
 ing man with a genius for figures that to 
 hunt these day.o cost him $S0 every day he 
 
went out, and as he hunted twice a week 
 it is easy to understand why the comtry ; 
 parson, aiwayp a conspicuous figure with ! 
 his faoTous black coat amonfi: his pink- i 
 garbed lay bretJiren, has had to deny him- j 
 self the joys of the chase. His stipend of ' 
 $800 a year would not stand the strain,. 
 A grood hunter now costs $1500. Two are i 
 requirp-a, and In addition to the princely { 
 wago that has to be griven to the grooms 
 and stable men there are the unspeaka;ble '< 
 fodder and com bills to be met. | 
 
 Not Like This in the Olden Days 
 
 Ponaering over these fl&ures, one con- 
 templates with feelings of envy a gentle- 
 man, one Mr. Draper, who flourished in 
 the eigliteenth century in Yorkshire, Mr. 
 Draper hunted a pack of very good fox- 
 hounds, kept a carriage and four, lavishly 
 entertained his friends each hunting night, 
 brought up and launched in life a family 
 of a dozen and his income never exceeded 
 $3000 a year. In such splendid order was 
 his hunting estaiblishment maintained that 
 It became a school for would-be hunts'men. 
 and even grooms came from afar to serve 
 without wages, in order that they might 
 learn their 'business where it would 'be best 
 taught. Lucky Mr. Draper! He would 
 want a hundred times that amount to run 
 a similar establishment today. There are 
 many hunting men now anxious that Six 
 Arthur Oonan Doyle shou'd get into com- 
 munication with the spirit of the dear de- 
 parted Draper and find out how it was 
 done. 
 
 — I 
 
 MAY 18, 1922 
 
 TRANSCRIPT, THUr 
 DUKE SELLS ESTATES 
 
 Richmond Latest to Join England's 
 "New Poor" 
 
 Whole 
 
 Town of Huntly On the 
 Market 
 
 Forced to Part by Burden of 
 Taxes 
 
 He Is Particular Friend of King 
 George 
 
 [By the Associated Press] 
 London, May IS — Another duke has an- 
 nounced his intention lo sell his estates 
 owing to increased taxation and other bur- 
 dens. The Duke of Richmond is the latest 
 recruit to the ranks of the "new poor." 
 He offers for sale his estates in Aberdeen- 
 shire, including the town of Huntly, and 
 
 six parishes, comprising 60,000 acres, with 
 400 farms and small holdings. The duke 
 is one of the most prominent noblemen in 
 England. He Is a particular friend of 
 King George. 
 
 The evidence that England is changing 
 hands — and Scotland too, as well as Wales 
 — becomes more and more striking eacii 
 few weeks. In one announcement recently 
 a single London firm recorded tho passing 
 of 79,000 acres into n^v hands. Thirty- 
 one thousand acres belonging to the Duk( 
 of Hamilton were offered early last month 
 Now it is announced that the Duke oi 
 Richmond and Gordon— <Sdr Charles Henry 
 Gordon Lennon) has joined the ranks ol 
 "the new poor" and will — owing to in- 
 creased taxation and other burdens oft'ej 
 for sale his estates in Aberdeenshire — in- 
 cluding the town of Huntly— and sij 
 parishes, comprising 60.000 acres with 40( 
 farms and small buildings. 
 
 The Duke of Richmond is a close per- 
 sonal friend of King George, is holder o3 
 a dozen ducal and other high titles ir 
 England, Scotland and Ireland, derivec 
 from his ancestor, Duke d'Aubigny oi 
 France. He has been chancellor of Aber 
 deen University and occupied many dis' 
 tinguished military positions as well as 
 being in the first rank of British noblemen 
 
 The duke's sale is in step with manj 
 large sales since the close of the war, anc 
 while it releases ownership of a substan 
 tial portion, it still leaves his grace amonj 
 the great landowners. 
 
 To one class of. money-men these larg( 
 English or Scotch estates are the cheapes 
 in the market. Proof of this has beer 
 given again and again by the sale of larg( 
 estates en bloc and their resale in lots 
 at a price that leaves the mansion anc 
 surrounding lands free of charge for th« 
 buyer to live in or resell at all profit. 
 
 Apart from these great estates the dukt 
 has a fine London home in Belgrave street 
 a rbyal place at Goodwood, one at Chlches 
 tcr, Gordon Castle Fochabers, Banffshire 
 and Glenfiddich Lodge, Dufftown. 
 
 His grace was born in London Dec. 21 
 1845. He married twice and has four 
 daughters and two sons. He is descended 
 from the First Duke of Richmond and 
 Lennox, born in 1672, an illegitimate son 
 of Charles II. His pleasures are mainly 
 hunting, fishing, shooting and racing. 
 
 If he feels remorse, the Duke has seen 
 the sale of a large slice of the Duchy of 
 Cornwall estate in Kensington, the real- 
 ization of the Doughty-Tichborne estate 
 in Holborn, the sacrifice of Devonshire 
 House in Piccadilly. Clifford's Inn awaits 
 the highest bidder and so does the re- 
 cent and costly building on the Embank- 
 ment, the 'Ast6r office; - 
 
 The list of old places for sale is verS 
 long. Clifford's Inn can be had and Cas- 
 siboury Park, so rich in Grinling Gibbons'e 
 carvings and other unmatchable works. 
 No great distance from Cassiobury a man 
 with a full pocket may buy the early home 
 of Edward VI. and Queen Elizabeth. ' 
 
 Even when the sale is completed the 
 Duke of Richmond andt Gordon may find 
 r^cre*ation on ancestral property. After 
 the 60,000 acres offered today he still will 
 have 220,000 acres of the desirable in hs 
 possession. 
 
ivil28547 
 
 "MJ2^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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