DOCUMENTS
DEPT.
LABOR
►ESCRIPTIONS OF OCCUPATIONS
WAYS
PREPARED FOR THZ
UNJTED STATES EMPLOYMEMT SER¥SCE
BY THE
UNITED STATES BUREAU OF 1.ASOR STATBTICS
V/ASHiNfiTON
in 2007 with funding from
IVIicrosoft Corporation
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
DESCRIPTIONS OF OCCUPATIONS
STREET RAILWAYS
PREPARED FOR THE
UNITED STATES EMPLOYMENT SERVICE
BY THE
UNITED STATES BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
WASHINGTON
1918
• • • • •
^s la
UUGUMhNn
DEPT.
INDEX
A
Air-brake inspector. (See Inspector, air brake.) ^*«^
Air-brake man 3
B
Battery man, storage battery 3
C
Cable man, chief, underground trolley sjcstem 3
Cable man's helper 3
Cable man, underground trolley system 3
Carpenter, car 4
Carpenter, car, f dreman 4
Car trimmer. :..... 4
Conductor, elevated and subway 4
Conductor, surface 5
Crane operator (traveling electric crane) 5
E
Emergency man's helper ?*: 5
Emergency man, trolley wire and electrical work 5
Emergency man, wrecking crew, foreman 6
Engineman, chief, power house 6
Engineman, watch, power house 6
F
Fireman, chief, power house 6
Fireman's helper 7
Foreman, car barn 7
Foreman, car carpenter. (See Carpenter, car, foreman.)
Foreman, concrete crew ' 7
Foreman, conduit cleaning gang 8
Foreman, emergency wrecking crew. (See Emergency man,
wrecking crew, foreman.)
Foreman, excavating crew (including rock drilling and blasting) ... 8
Foreman, excavating crew (not including rock drilling and blasting) . 8
Foreman, iron crew 9
Foreman, lineman, trolley system. (See Lineman,^ foreman,
trolley system.)
Foreman, painter, car barn. (See Painter, foreman, car bam.)
Foreman, suburban track 9
ra
rv
G
Page
Gateman, elevated and subway r . 9
Guard, elevated and subway ! 9
I
Inspector, air brake 10
Inspector, air-door device , 10
Inspector, car 10
Inspector, car body 10
Inspector, fare 10
Inspector, pit. {See Pit inspector.)
Inspector, route, surface 11
Inspector, station, elevated and subway 11
Inspector, street car motor 11
Inspector, wheel. (See Wheel inspector.)
L
Laborer, general, power house 11
Laborer, general, shop 12
Laborer, track and line 12
Lineman, chief 12
Lineman, foreman, trolley system 12
Lineman, helper, trolley system 13
Lineman, trolley system 13
M ^
Motor and truck repairer's helper. (See Repair man, helper,
motor and truck.)
Motor instructor, elevated and subway 13
Motorman, elevated and subway 13
Motorman, surface 14
O
Oiler, power house 14
P
Painter, car body 14
Painter, foreman, car barn 14
Painter, general 14
Painter, letterer and striper 15
Painter, rough 15
Painter, sign 15
Painter, sign letterer 15
Painter, structural steel and bridge work 16
Pit inspector 16
Pitman -. 16
Platform man, elevated and subway .; 16
Plow repairer, underground trolley *. 17
Porter, station. {See Station porter, elevated and subway.)
R Page
Repair man, air compressor 17
Repair man and inspector, street car controller 17
Repair man, car barn 17
Repair man, helper, motor and truck 17
Repair man, interlocking and signal service 18
Repair man, motor and truck 18
Repair man, plow. {See Plow repairer, underground trolley.)
Repair man, power house 18
Repair man, street car fender 18
Repair man, street car wiring 19
Road master 19
S
Section man 19
Special officer, elevated and subway 19
Station agent, elevated and subway. 20
Station master, elevated and subway 20
Station porter, elevated and subway ^ . 20
Switchman 20
T
Ticket chopper. (See Gateman, elevated and subway.)
Timekeeper, track and line 20
Towerman 21
Track walker 21
Train clerk, elevated and subway 21
Train dispatcher, elevated and subway . 21
Train master, elevated and subway 22
Train starter, elevated and subway 22
Trouble dispatcher 22
W
Wheel inspector 23
CODETWORDS
CODE WORD
Aim
B^te. . .
Cabber .
Caddis . ,
Cadent .
Camper
Campife
Canary .
Cancel..
Candid .
Chess . . .
Etch...
Ether..
Evict...
Evoke. .
Exist...
First...
Fish....
Foggy..
Foil....
Fold...
Folk....
Folly...
Fond...
Foray. .
Gloom..
Gloss . . .
Inure . . .
PAGE
3
3
3
3
8
4
4
4
4
5
5
6
6
5
5
6
6
.7
7
7
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
10
CODE WORD
Iota...
Irate . .
Irid...
Irony . ,
Issue. .
Item . .
Ivory . ,
Ledge .
Leer . . .
Lemon
Libel..
Like. .
Lilac . .
Limp . .
Mixed .
Moat..
Mob..
Onion .
Pelt...
Pen...
Pence .
Pole...
Pose . .
Prate . .
Prism .
Prize . .
Probe .
Prod..
PAGE
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
14
14
15
15
16
14
14
14
15
15
16
16
CODE WORD
PAGE
Prone .
Prong .
Ready .
Repel .
Reply.
Revel.
Rice . . ,
Ride..
Rider .
Rifle..
Rift...
Rig. . .
Spur . .
Spurn .
SpurT; .
Spy...
Stab..
Stack .
Trot..
Trout.
Troy..
Truce .
Truck.
True..
Truly.
Trunk,
Whiff.
16
17
18
17
18
18
17
17
17
18
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
20
21
21
21
21
22
22
22
23
VI
DESCRIPTIONS OF OCCUPATIONS: STREET RAILWAYS
PREPARED FOR THE U. S. EMPLOYMENT SERVICE BY THE
U. S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT
These descriptions of occupations are based on investigations, in-
cluding private interviews and correspondence, extending over prac-
tically the entire United States.
'The outstanding fact developed by these investigations is that
there are few standard or generally accepted occupational names or
definitions. It has been necessary, therefore, for the Bureau of Labor
Statistics to define certain occupational terms and classifications and
to assume the acceptance of these definitions by those using the de-
scriptions. The bureau is fully aware of the fact that some impor-
tant occupations have probably been omitted and that in some cases
subdi\asions may have been carried too far. These faults can be cor-
rected only by means of suggestions and criticisms arising from the
use of the descriptions in filling positions.
The users of these descriptions are urged to send to the Bureau of
Labor Statistics all suggestions and criticisms as they arise, so that
eventually there may be developed a national standard of occupational
descriptions.
Acknowledgment
The Bureau of Labor Statistics wishes to thank all those who have
contributed to the compilation of these (J^scriptions. So many in-
dividuals and representatives of various organizations have been
consulted that it is impossible to make special mention of such services.
(1;
~~ PREFATORY STATEMENT
IMPORTANT
The objects of these descriptions are to furnish definitions of the various occu-
pations, so that specifications for help may be made uniform, and to furnish a means
by which the prospective employee may be informed as to the nature of the work
he will be expected to do.
Each occupation has been described under the most generally accepted title.
The descriptions have been carefully prepared with the view of stating clearly and
briefly what each occupation requires in the way of performance and qualifications,
so that a foreman or employment manager can readily specify the help wanted and
can pick the worker best fitted to fill the position.
Without such standard definitions advertisements and appeals from the various
Government departments or from a central employment agency would lose their
effectiveness, especially when the recruiting is Nation wide.
The statement of actual requirements imder the heading of "schooling" does
not have reference to those already working, but should be interpreted to mean that
no one should enter the specified position at the present time without having the
equivalent of the stated schooling. "Common school" signifies the completion of
the common school course.
Directions for using descriptions and code words
INDEX: JfL order to find any given occupational description use the index.
CODE WORDS: Each description has a code word which, when communi-
cated to any person who has access to these descriptions of occupations will enable
him to ascertain exactly what is called for by referring to the description indicated
by the code word. (See Code words.)
If an employee is wanted who has training sufficient to do work in any two or
more occupations described, the code words of these descriptions should be com-
bined to indicate the combination of qualifications; for example: The code word
designating a Carpenter, car, and a Car trimmer (see page 4), woiild be Camper-
Canary.
(2)
DESCRIPTIONS OF OCCUPATIONS
AIR-BRAKE INSPECTOR. {See Inspector, air brake.)
AIR-BRAKE MAN AIM
Description: The air-brake man cleans, adjusts and repairs the various parts
of an air-brake equipment.
Qualifications : He should be a machine fitter who has specialized on air-brake
work. He must be able to take out, repair, and replace any part of an air-
brake system. He must thoroughly understand the mechanical operation of
the air compressor, valves, compressing motor, and operating devices. He
should have had experience as a helper to an air-brake man and should have
had considerable experience as a joiu*neyman air-brake man.
Schooling: Common school.
BATTERY MAN, STORAGE BATTERY BATE
Description: The battery man recharges the batteries in the storage battery
cars. He also inspects, renews and repairs storage battery parts.
Qualifications : He should be f amiUar with the methods of recharging batteries
and should have had sufficient experience to know when plates, poles and
chemicals require renewal.
Schooling: Common school.
CABLE MAN, CHIEF, UNDERGROUND TROLLEY SYSTEM CABBER
Description: The chief cable man directs and supervises the operations of
cable men and helpers in looking after feeder connections, conductor bar
flared ends, and pick ups at switches on the underground system. He in-
structs inexperienced helpers and makes a report of all the work done.
Qualifications : He must be thoroughly experienced as a cable man and be able
to cut cables, make up jumpers, drill holes in the conductor bars and bolt
on the jumpers, connect feeders to the conductor bars, wipe lead cable
joints, and take care of conductor bar flared ends. He must be physically
strong and accustomed to work outdoors in all kinds of weather. He
must be able to direct and instruct his men and to keep accurate records.
Schooling: Preferably high school, with some technical training.
CABLE MAN'S HELPER CADDIS
Description: The cable man's helper assists the cable man in the installation,
maintenance, and repair of feeders, jumpers and all other cable work.
Qualifications: He must have physical strength and endurance, and should
have a desire to learn the work of a cable man.
Schooling: Common school.
t
CABLE MAN, UNDERGROUND TROLLEY SYSTEM CADENT
Description: The cable man installs, maintains, and repairs feeders, feeder
connections, jumpers and jumper connections, conductor bar flared ends,
and all other cable work on the underground conduit system, and inspects
the equipment that comes within his territory,
(3)
Qualifications: He should be able to work to drawings, understand line dia-
grams, and be familiar with underground trolley system specifications. He
must be able to cut cables, splice cables, put in jumpers, connect in feeders
and conductor bars, wipe lead joints, and must be qualified to make a final
cable inspection and report. He should have worked as a helper, should
have had considerable experience as a journeyman, and should be able to
handle men.
Schooling: Common school.
CARPENTER, CAR CAMPER
Description: The car carpenter constructs and repairs wooden parts of car
bodies and trimmings.
Qualifications: He should have had experience as a general carpenter in a
railroad car shop or car building plant. He must be able to work to drawings,
lay out and build wooden frames, make and place doors, lay floors, and put
on roofs, sides and ends of either wooden or steel frame cars. He must be a
thoroughly capable general carpenter, skilled in the use of all tools and having
some experience with wood working machinery.
Schooling: Common school or better.
CARPENTER, CAR, FOREMAN CAMPUS
Description : This foreman has charge of all woodwork construction and repair.
He directs and supervises the work of all the carpenters under him, and
himseK assists and does difficult work. He manages his branch of the shop,
is responsible for the equipment, and looks after the material and suppUes.
He has charge of the work of the upholsterers and trimmers, and of the
galvanizing work. He keeps a record of all the work done in his shop, and
makes a daily time report for his men.
Qualifications : He must be an experienced body builder and general carpenter,
skilled in handhng all carpenter's tools and in operating planer, lathe, band
saw, circular saw, joiner, and steam shaping apparatus. He should under-
stand thoroughly all the wooden construction of a car, such as steps, windows,
body, paneUng and wooden controller box. He must be able to work to
drawings and to direct the work of the men under him. He should have
worked as a car repair man.
Schooling: Common school.
CAR TRIMMER CANARY
Description: The car trimmer does car repair work under the direction of the
carpenter foreman. He upholsters seats, repairs old curtains and installs
new ones, places new canvas roof covering, and constructs illuminated signs.
Qualifications : He must be experienced either as a car trimmer or as a carriage
trimmer, and must understand upholstering, window curtains, and canvas
covering. He should have skill in the use of the general carpenter's hand
tools. He should have had the equivalent of an apprenticeship and should
have done some work as a journeyman.
Schooling: Common school.
CONDUCTOR, ELEVATED AND SUBWAY CANCEL
Description: The conductor has charge of a train and is responsible for the
safety, proper care, and regularity thereof, and for the conduct of the guards.
It is his duty to see that all rules pertaining to trainmen, passengers, emer-
gencies, ventilation, heating, fighting, and signals are observed; that the
train is kept on schedule time; that proper stops are made at all stations.
5
He makes full reports to the superintendent, in. writing, of all accidents,
detentions^ and unusual occurrences, and of diflBculties with passengers; also
makes a daily report for the train clerk. The conductor is usually stationed
between the first and second cars of the train where he performs the duties
of guard and signals the motorman when to start.
Qualifications: Experience as guard is a prerequisite. He must be able to
pass a thorough physical examination, to endure exposure to all weather or
to the atmosphere of the subway, and to remain standing for long periods.
It is also essential that he be courteous, tactful, careful, and qualified to come
■ in contact with all kinds of people. , He must be able to speak English and
to enunciate distinctly.
Schooling: Common school.
CONDUCTOR, SURFACE CANDID
Description: The surface car conductor has charge of the car, and signals the
motorman when to start and stop. He collects fares, issues transfers, and
assists and safeguards passengers. On some types of car, he opens and closes
the door. On lines which use the overhead trolley, he shifts the trolley
pole when the car reverses, and puts it back on the wire when it sUps off.
He makes a report of fares, transfers, trips, accidents, and delays.
Qualifications : He must be physically strong and able to remain standing for ,
long periods. He should be courteous, tactful, quahfied to come into con-
• tact with all kinds of people, and sufficiently responsible to handle money.
Schooling: Common school.
CRANE OPERATOR (Traveling electric crane) CHESS
Description : The duties of the travehng electric crane operator are to manipu-
late controlling devices of an electric crane in the lifting and sliifting of
material.
Qualifications: The traveling electric crane operator must be able to handle
the lifting devices on the crane and make single or double Hfts under the
direction of the crane man. In addition he must know how to oil the
machinery of the crane and be famiHar enough with all the working parts
to make reports when they are not working right. He must be t|ioroughly
familiar with all the signals used by the crane man. He must be physically
fit and alert and must pass an examination for eyesight, color sight, and
hearing and be able to think and act quickly.
Schooling: Common school.
EMERGENCY MAN'S HELPER EVICT
Description: The emergency man's helper does general work in the assistance
of the emergency men, for which position he is in training.
Qualifications: He must have physical strength and endurance and a desire
to learn the work of an emergency man.
Schooling: Common school.
EMERGENCY MAN, TROLLEY WIRE AND IELECTRICAL WORK EVOKE
Description: ITie duties of the emergency man on trolley wire and electrical
work are to do either permanent or temporary repair work that might be
required to keep the car service going.
Qualifications: He must be a high-tension wireman, must be thoroughly
famiHar mth the hanging and guying of trolley wires, and must thoroughly
understand the feeder and booster system. He must understand the methods
of sphcing trolley wires, be thoroughly familar with tackle and clamps used
in stretching trolley wires, and should have a good general knowledge of
6
electrical measurements. He should have done suflficient work on high-
tension work to have become familiar -svith the danger with high-tension
circuits.
Schooling: Common school
EMERGENCY MAN, WRECKING CREW, FOREMAN EXIST
Description: The duties of the foreman of an emergency wrecking crew are
to take charge of the wrecking car outfit and clear all kinds of track obstruc-
tions that require the services of a special outfit. -*
Qualifications: He must be able to direct the work of boom cranes or other
type of wrecking cranes, must direct the running of the repair car, must be
able to read drawings and work to mechanical specifications, and must be
thoroughly famihar with jacks, cranes and other lifting devices. He must
be able to clear a wreck completely and report to the proper department
the time and material used in making the repair.
Schooling: Common school; preferably high school or technical school.
ENGINEMAN, CHIEF, POWER HOUSE ETCH
Description: The chief engineman has charge of the power plant and all men
working there. He supervises the operation of turbine generators, exciters,
converters, condensers, pumps, and boilers. He keeps charts and records
of the operation of each separate engine, the coal used, the total load carried
on all feeding Unes, th(; kilowatt hours, and the voltage. He supervises all
repairing, construction, testing, and cleaning, and directs the transfer of coal
from barges or cars to the bins, and the removal of ashes.
Qualifications: He must have a first-class license, granted upon examination.
His knowledge and experience must cover all the equipment in the plant —
turbine generators, boilers, pumps, converters, exciters, condensers, con-
veyors, switchboards, storage batteries, feed wires and indicators of all kinds r
their operation, maintenance, and repair. He must be a good mathema-
tician and be able to read drawings and to keep charts and graphs. The
position also requires that he have the ability to select and to deal with and
handle the men under him.
Schooling: Common school; technical school or its equivalent.
ENGINEMAN, WATCH, POWER HOUSE ETHER
Description: The watch engineman is in direct charge of turbine generators,
condensers, pumps, exciters, converters, and boilers during the period of
his watch, usually eight hours. He takes readings from the indicators of the
engines and watches the load carried and the coal supply. The work of
the switchlioard operator, oilers> and firemen is under his supervision. He
assists in and directs repairing and testing of the engines, and looks out for
the safety of the men.
Qualifications: He must be a Hcensed engineman. He must be able to keep
accurate records and to supervise the work of, and instruct, the men imder him.
Schooling: Common school; technical school or its equivalent.
FIREMAN, CHIEF, POWER HOUSE FIRST
Description: The chief fireman has immediate charge of the boiler room and
his helpers. He sees that all the fires are properly tended, that the grates
are free from clinkers, and also that the required steam is maintained. He
operates and regulates water pumps; operates the automatic cofU feeds and
the agitators; assists in the periodic testing of the boilers; and cleans boiler
tubes with compressed air or steam.
Qualifications :^He must have physical strength and endurance and must under-
stand the maintenance of a good fire with the economic use of coal. He
should beablc tojuse a slice bar and a peel bar, and should have had a thor-
ough experience with boilers and fixes. He must j)e_qualified to direct a nd
instruct his helpera! | * ~ *"
Schooling: Common school desirable.
FIREMAN'S HELPER FISH
Description: The fireman's helper keeps the fires in order under the direction
of the head fireman. He operates the automatic coal feeders and the agi-
tators. He assists in testing boilers and in blowing out boiler tubes with
comprassed air and steam.
Qualifications: He must be a strong, steady worker. Should have had experi-
ence in a large boiler plant.
FOREMAN, CAR BARN FOGGY
Description: The car barn foreman, with the assistance of helpers, does repair
work to cars that do not require machine shop e(i[uipment. He keeps records
of all the cars which come into the barn for repair or cleaning and of the work
done on them. He also 'i)repares the daily time report of the workers under
him. He directs the work of the car shifters and car cleaners. His repair
work includes electrical .as well as mechanical cars.
Qualifications: He must understand all car construction and equipment —
motor, <Jontroller, brakes, wires, plow, truck, and all inside car equipment.
He must be able to repair, or to direct such repairing of parts as may be done
with barn equipment. In order to direct car cleaning, he must be familiar
with the work and mth the preparation of cleaning solutions. He should
have worked as car barn repair man and as assistant foreman and should have
done some work as foreman.
Schooling: Common school.
FOREMAN, CAR CARPENTER. {See Carpenter, car, foreman.)
FOREMAN, CONCRETE CREW FOIL
Description: The concrete foreman directs and supervises the work of the
concrete gang. With these men he mixes, places and trims all concrete,
both machine and hand mixed. In track work involving an underground
conduit, they set forms for the conduit and supporting structure, and remove
them when the concrete has set. He reports to, and receives instructions
from, the roadmaster on all his work. He employs men as directed, main-
tains discipline, and sees that they perform their work properly. When he
can do so without neglecting the supervision of the work, he works with his
men. He is held responsible for the proper care and economical use of all
tools, materials and supplies entrusted to his charge, and must account upon
prescribed forms for the use thereof.
Qualifications: He must have a general knowledge of track construction, an
must understand and be thoroughly experienced in concrete and form
work. He must be familiar with the kinds and grades of cement and all
other materials used. He must know the proper proportion of the several
ingredients forming concrete — ^sand, gravel, cement and water — and he must
be skilled in the operation of the mixing machine, in mixing by hand, and in
handling all the tools used. He must be able to handle his men, to direct and
instruct them in all their work, and to keep accurately aU records required
s
8
as^to the time, pay, location of work and nature of work done. He should
have physical strength and endurance, and should be accustomed to working
outdoors in all kinds of weather.
FOREMAN, CONDUIT CLEANING GANG FOLD
Description: The conduit cleaner foreman is found only on those lines which
/ have the underground conduit system. He supervises and directs the work
of his gang of laborers in removing leaves, dirt, and rubbish from the con-
crete conduit in which the conductor bars are suspended. The cleaning is
done by means of hand scrapers, the material being scraped to track manholes
where it is removed by means of a hoe or scoop of special design. He has
supervision over the wagons and trucks that haul away the refuse. He also
sees that drains and sewer connections are kept free from obstruction. On
all his work he reports to, and receives instructions from, the roadmaster. He
employs men as directed, maintains disciphne, and sees that they perform
their work properly. When he can do so without neglecting the supervision
of his work, he works with his men.
He is held responsible for the care and economical use of all tools, material
and supplies entrusted to his charge, and must accoimt upon prescribed forms
for the best use thereof. ,
Qualifications: He must be thoroughly experienced in the cleaning operations
and must be able to direct his men to work without danger of contact with
live conductor bars. He should be able to handle his men, to direct and
instruct them in all their work, aiyi to keep accurately all required records
as to time, pay, location of work, and nature of work done. He should have
physical strength and endurance and should be accustomed to working out
of doors in all kinds of weather.
FOREMAN, EMERGENCY WRECKING CREW. {See Emergency man, wreck-
ing crew, foreman.)
FOREMAN, EXCAVATING CREW
Description: The excavating gang foreman directs and supervises the work of
a group of men known as the excavating crew. With these men he does all
the excavating necessary for the construction of new tracks and the renewal
and repair of old tracks. The work may involve drilling, blasting and breaking
of concrete, as well as shoveling. He reports to, and receives instructions
from, the roadmaster for all his work. He employs men as directed, main-
tains disciphne, and sees that they perform their work properly. He is held
responsible for the proper care and economical use of all materials, tools, and
supphes entrusted to his charge, and must account for same upon prescribed
forms.
Qualifications: He must be thoroughly experienced in excavation work. He
must be skilled in the operation of compressed air, steam and hand drills, and
in placing and setting off of blasts. He must be able to handle his men, to
direct and instruct them in all their work, and to keep accurately all the
required records as to pay, location and nature of the work. He should have
physical strength and endurance, and should be accustomed to working out
of doors in all kinds of weather.
FOREMAN, EXCAVATING CREW (Including rock drUling and FOLK
blasting)
FOREMAN, EXCAVATING CREW (Not including rock FOLLY
drilling and blasting)
9
FOREMAN, IRON CREW FOND
Description: The iron crew foreman directs and supervises the work of a group
of men known, as the iron crew With these laborers he installs and repairs
the wheel rails, switches, crossings and their supporting structure, after the
excavating has been done. On lines using an underground conduit, he in-
, stalls and maintains slot rails, conductor bars, yokes and insulators. He
reports to, and receives instructions from, the roadmaster on all his work. He
employs men as directed, maintains discipUne, and sees that they perform
their work properly. He is held responsible for the proper care and economic
use of all tools, materials and supplies entrusted to his charge, and must
account for same upon forms prescribed for this purpose. When he can do
so without neglecting the supervision of his work, he works with his men.
Qualifications : He must be thoroughly experienced in installing and repairing
any of the iron work, and must understand the entire track construction
thoroughly. He must be familiar with all the material used and must be
skilled in handling all tools necessary for his work. His work requires that
he be able to obtain proper surface alignment for the track, gauge accurately
the standard width between the wheel rails and the position of the slot rail,
and bend the rails when necessary for curves. " He must be able to handle
his men, to direct and instruct them in their work, and to keep all required
records. He must have physical strength and endurance, and must be accus-
tomed to working out of doors in all kinds of weather.
FOREMAN, LINEMAN, TROLLEY SYSTEM. {^See Lineman, foreman, troUey
system.)
FOREMAN, PAINTER, CAR BARN. {See Painter, foreman, car bam.)
.FOREMAN, SUBURBAN TRACK FORAY
Description: The suburban track foreman superintends a track gang and has
a limited section of suburban track under his supervision. He sees that the
track is kept in proper surface and alignment, renews the ties, maintains
the proper drainage, ditching and fencing, and keeps the track free from
weeds or snow and ice. He also provides for the maintenance, oiling and
adjustment of switches and signal lights.
Qualifications: He must be thoroughly experienced in the care of suburban
track — roadbed, ties, drainage, switches and signal lights. He must be able
to instruct and direct men in repairing the roadbed, replacing ties, aligning
the track, and in clearing it of weeds, leaves, rubbish, debris, or snow and ice.
He must be physically strong and accustomed to outdoor work.
GATEMAN, ELEVATED AND SUBWAY GLOOM
Description: The gateman sees that no one passes the ticket box without de-
positing the proper ticket or showing a pass. He cancels the tickets by
manipulating the box lever, and opens and closes the exit gate, which he con-
trols by means of a rope.
Qualifications: He must be courteous, careful, and qualified to come into con-
tact with the general public. He is usually rejquired to pass a physical
examination. Women are frequently employed.
Schooling: Common school.
GUARD, ELEVATED AND SUBWAY GLOSS
Description: The guard has charge of one car of the train, opens and closes
the gates or doors, announces stations, and gives the starting signal to the
10
guard or the'conductor of the car immediately ahead. He makes full reports
to the superintendent, in writing, of all accidents or difficulties with passengers.
' which occur in his car.
Qualifications: He must be able to pass a thorough physical examination,*^
to endure exposure to all weather or to the atmosphere of the subway; and
to remain standing for long periods. It is also essential that he be courteous,
tactful, careful, and qualified to come into contact with all kinds of people.
He must be able to speak English and to enunciate distinctly.
Schooling: Common school.
INSPECTOR, AIR BRAKE INURE
Description: It is the duty of the air brake inspector to examine and test all
air-brake equipment, to make minor adjustments, and to report all defects to
the repair department.
Qualifications: He must be thorouglily familiar with air compressure, valves
and valve adjustments, and driving motor and operating lever systems of the
standard types of street car air brakes. He should be a good machine fitter
who has specialized on- air brake w6rk. He should have worked as an air
brake man and should have had considerable experience as a machine fitter.
Schooling: Common school.
INSPECTOR, AIR-DOOR DEVICE IOTA
Description: He inspects the pneumatic apparatus for operating doors. He
repairs and renews the defective parts.
Qualifications: He should have had experience as a machinist or as a pipe
fitter, and should be famiUar with door engines and the other mechanical
apparatus connected with the operation of doors. He must understand
thoroughly the adjustment of the engine and the locating and remedying of
simple defects.
Schooling: ^Common school.
mSPECTOR, CAR Jj"^ 13^^ V IRATE
Description: The car inspector scrutinizes carefully the entire car and its
equipment to see that everything is in ^ood repair and in safe operating
condition.
Qualifications : He should have had long experience in car repair shops and should
understand thoroughly the body and truck construction, and the electrical,
mechanical, and electro-pneumatic equipment.
Schooling: Common school.
INSPECTOR, CAR BODY IRID
Description: The car body inspector conducts a complete inspection of the
exterior car body and of the interior — trims, seats, windows, sash, doors, etc.
Qualifications: He must have ability or experience as a car builder or as a car
carpenter and he must know in detail all the car body equipment. He must
be in good physical condition. He should have worked on the car con-
. gtruction and repair crew. _^ __^
Schooling: ^Common school. " "^
INSPECTOR, FARE IRONY
Description: The fare inspector is stationed at terminals or other points on the
route, or else he operates with no definite station. He boards each car and
checks up the number of fares that have been registered.
m: riTSTwexacsafej' s. trjw^a*
11
Qualifications : He must be able to estimate the number of people in a car at
a brief glance, and he must know the routes and passenger conditions, so as
to be able to approximate the normal flux of passengers. He should have
had experience as conductor or route inspector and should be proficient in
mental arithmetic. •
Schooling: Common school.
INSPECTOR, PIT. {See Pit inspector.)
INSPECTOR, ROUTE, SURFACE ISSUE
Description: The route inspector is stationed on streets or at stops to see
that the cars start and operate on schedule. In case of line blockades and
tie-ups, he reroutes cars to avoid delays in service.
Qualifications: He must be famiUar with all car routes and have a knowledge
of operating conditions. He should be mentally alert and capable, as well as
accustomed to working out doors and remaining on his feet for long periods.
He must have had experience as a conductor or motorman.
Schooling: Common school.
INSPECTOR, STATION, ELEVATED AND SUBWAY ITEM
Description: The station inspector has charge of all stations and station em-
ployees. He personally sees that stations and station equipment are kept
clean and in efficient operation; and he maintains discipline among the
station men and sees that all regulations are complied with. He makes de-
tailed reports to the superintendent.
Qualifications: He must have had long experience as a station master and must
know all station regulations. Furthermore, he must have executive ability
and must be quahfied to accept a large responsibility. He must understand
station equipment thoroughly.
Schooling: Common school; preferably high school.
INSPECTOR, STREET CAR MOTOR IVORY
Description: The motor inspector examines and tests electric street car motors.
Qualifications: He must have sufficient experience with railway motors to
enable him to locate, by inspection and tests, defects in parts and connections,
including brushes and brush holders, fields, armatures, and conmiutators;
to determine air gap clearances; and to determine wear on bearings. He
should understand the general electrical principles governing the operation
of motors. He should have worked as a motor repair man and should be
able to stand outside work.
Schooling: Common school or better.
INSPECTOR, WHEEL. {See Wheel inspector.)
LABORER, GENERAL, POWER HOUSE LEDGE
Description: The general laborer in the power house may be called upon to
do any ordinary work such as cleaning and assisting. He may have such
•regular work as the operation of the coal crusher and the bucket conveyor
for transferring coal from the crusher to the bin or for removing ashes from
the pit to the hopper. He also assists in hauling away ashes.
Qualifications: He must have physical strength and endurance and be willing
to work under the {^bove conditions.
12
LABORER, GENERAL, SHOP LEER
Description: The general shop laborer does whatever work is assigned to him
by the foreman of the various shop departments. He carries material and
parts that are being repaired from one department to the other. He also
does sweeping and cleaning.
Qualifications: He should have physical strength and endurance. It is de-
sirable that he be able to understand and speak English.
LABORER, TRACK AND LINE LEMON
For the purpose of this classification the following are grouped under the
general heading of LABORER, TRACK AND LINE:
Concrete man Laborer, suburban track
Conduit cleaner Lamp man
Excavator Paver
l^agman 4 Pole setter
Greaser Watchman
Iron man
Description: The track and line laborer does work in the capacity of any one
of the above types of men. He is usually assigned to a gang and works
under the direction and instruction of the gang foreman.
Qualifications: He must have physical strength and endurance.
~'^
LINEMAN, CHIEF LIBEL
Description: The duties of the chief lineman on an electric street railway
system are to supervise the work of the linemen and helpers on installation
work in a prescribed district.
Qualifications: He must be able to work to drawings and should be able to
make a layout for guy wires and electric wires, including trolley feeders,
crossovers and branch connections. He must understand the interference
of circuits and how to correct them; how to make crossovers of electric Unes
and thoroughfares and have a thorough knowledge of high-tension insulation.
He should have had experience as a Uneman and as a foreman. He should
have had considerable experience in handling men.
Schooling: Preferably technical school graduate.
LINEMAN, FOREMAN, TROLLEY SYSTEM LIKE
Description: The duties of the foreman lineman are to supervise the installa-
tion of the trolley lines from the setting of the poles to the final service in-
spection.
Qualifications: He must be able to work to drawings and hne diagrams, must
be thoroughly familiar with trolley Une specifications, and must be able to
direct the setting of poles so as to stand a straight or side pull. He must
be thoroughly familiar with the placing of guy wires, both for poles and
for sustaining the trolley on curves and at switches, crossovers, and branch
Knes, and must be thoroughly familiar with all methods of attaching the
trolley wire to the sustaining cables and with the method of insulating same.
He must be able to make splices on trolley wire and to make the final service
inspection of the Hne. He should have worked as a Uneman on an extensive
trolley line system and should have had considerable experience in directing
the work.
Schooling: High school; preferably technical training.
13
LINEMAN, HELPER, TROLLEY SYSTEM LILAC
Description: The duties of the lineman helper on a street railway trolley
system are to assist the Uneman as directed.
Qtialifications : He should be physically able to endure outdoor work; should
have some knowledge of electrical measurements; and should be taught
the dangers in high-tension circuits when they are allowed to become grounded
or short-circuited in any way. He should be willing to pursue a course of
study in electricity.
Schooling: Common school; preferably high school.
LINEMAN, TROLLEY SYSTEM LIMP
Description: The duties of the lineman on a street railway trolley line are to
hang trolley wires, cut in feeders, and do all work necessary to make the
hne ready for service.
Qualifications: He must be able to work to wire diagrams and should have a
thorough knowledge of guying and hanging trolley wire, making turns,
putting in junctions, and connecting transformers, Ughtning arresters, and
feeders. He must be thoroughly skilled in the use of street railway line
equipment; must be able to do chmbing or work from an elevated scaffold;
must do trolley spHcing and any other work required to make the line ready
for service. He should have worked as a helper and should have had con-
siderable experience as at journeyman.
Schooling: Conmion school; preferably high school.
MOTOR AND TRUCK REPAIRER'S HELPER. {See Repair man, helper, motor
and truck.)
MOTOR INSTRUCTOR, ELEVATED AND SUBWAY MIXED
Description: The motor -instructor trains and subsequently examines candi-
dates for the position of motorman or of switchman. He also frequently
inspects the work of motormen by riding over the road with them. He
consults 'with the train master and the dispatcher on the qualifications of
men for promotion to motormen or switchmen. He reports the results of
his examinations and inspections to the superintendent.
Qualifications: He must have long and thorough experience as a motorman
in order that he may understand accurately and in detail the mechanical,
electrical, and electro-pneumatic car equipment. He must be an expert
in the economy of motive and brake power. It is essential that he be quali-
fied to instruct and to handle men.
Schooling: High school or equivalent.
MOTORMAN, ELEVATED AND SUBWAY MOAT
Description: The motorman of an elevated or subway train operates the driv-
ing and brake apparatus, controlling the movement of the train over the
route in accordance with rules and signals.
Qualifications: Experience, first as guard and then as switchman, is usually a
prerequisite. He must thoroughly understand the operation of the mechan-
ical, electrical, and electro-pneumatic equipment of the train; he also must
know accurately all interlocking, bell, whistle, and flag signals, and all rules
governing the safe movement of his train. His preliminary training must
include time in the instruction car and on the road with the train master
or a motor instructor. He is required to pass a rigid physical examination,
and an oral examination before road ofl&cials.
Schooling: Common school or better.
14
MOTORMAN, SURFACE MOB
Description: The motorman of a surface oar operates the driving and con-
trolling apparatus of the car, starting and stopping when signalled.
Qualiiications : He should be physically strong and should have steady nerves,
courage, endurance, good eyesight, accurate judgment of speed and distance,
and a sense of responsibility. Most companies conduct a school in which they
give inexperienced men several weeks' training.
Schooling: Common school.
OILER, POWER HOUSE ONION
Description: The oiler does cleaning, oihng, and packing on turbine gene-
rators, exciters, converters, condensers, and pumps. He looks after hot
bearings and frequently operates the controlling levers on the engines, under
the direction of the watch engineer. He assists in testing and repairing
and may be required to do general cleaning in the power house.
Qualifications: It is desirable that he should have had experience as an oiler.
Schooling: Common school.
PAINTER, CAR BODY . POSE
Description: The car body painter does painting, varnishing, and finishing
on interior and exterior of cars, such as sides, panelling, roof, window frames,
ceiling, dashboard, and doors.
Qualifications: He must be skilled as a carriage or body painter and be able
to paint, varnish, and finish all car body parts. His work must be neat,
smooth, and even. The experienc(? of an ordinary painter in house or building
work is insuflRcient.
Schooling: Common school.
PAINTER, FOREMAN, CAR BARN PRATE
Description: The painter foreman has charge of the paint shop and the
painters. He plans the work, assigns it to his men, and sees that it is prop-
erly executed. He makes out requisitions for material and supplies, pre-
pares a record of all the work done in his shop, and also prepares a daily
time report for his men.
Qualifications : He must be qualified by his skill and experience in body painting
to direct aU car body painting, varnishing, rough painting, lettering and
striping. He should be able to plan the work and make reports and should
have had experience in handling men. His experience in painting must
cover body painting; experience in ordinary painting does not qualify him
for body work. It is necessary that he be able to direct, instruct, and correct
the men under him in all their work.
Schooling: Common school.
PAINTER, GENERAL POLE
Kindred Occupations: Fresco painter; Large sign painter.
Description: The duties of the general painter are general painting of houses,
buildings, or structures of any character.
Qualifications : He must be an experienced practical house or structural painter,
capable of* doing any general work, must be experienced in covering large
surfaces, and be able to paint canvas, wood, or metal. He should be familiar
with cleaning or removing paint from metal or wood for repainting. He
should be able to match and mix paints* to proper consistency from paste,
have a knowledge of paint solvents and thinners, and must understand iully
the care of brushes and be a good rigger and scaffold man. He should have
15
a knowledge of interior brush painting and the use of cold-water paints or
washes. He should have had experience as house painter, bridge painter,
or general painter on building contract work.
Schooling: Common school.
PAINTER, LETTERER AND STRIPER PRISM
Description: The letterer and striper does the finest and most careful work in
car body painting. He outUnes lettering, numbering, striping, and signs
by means of patterns or forms and fills in. He also assists in difficult body
painting, varnishing, and finishing.
Qualifications : He must be qualified by experience in body or carriage painting
to do careful, smooth, neat work, and he must understand the making of
patterns and the filling in for lettering and striping. The experience of an
ordinary painter in house or building work is not sufficient. *
Schooling: Common school.
PAINTER, ROUGH PRIZE
Description: The rough painter does ordinary painting on trucks, fenders,
wheel guards, rods, and other metal parts. He is frequently called a painter's
helper, as his work is training for the position of body painter.
Qualifications : The position does not require previoas training or a knowledge
of painting. He must be willing to do ordinary painting and must have a
steady hand.
PAINTER, SIGN PELT
Description: The duties of the sign painter are any class of sign or bulletin
painting.
Qualifications: He must be experienced in painting large wall signs, bulle-
tins or banners, and skilled in design make-up and painting of all kinds
of outdoor advertising signs, wall, railway, or roadside board signs, all kinds
of bulletins, scene or cut-out signs, campaign banners, painted flags, and
hanging signs, where large areas are covered or scenes depicted. He must
be able to paint on canvas cloth, sheet metal, or board sections, and able
to imitate trees, bushes, or landscapes. He must also be able to enlarge
from sketches or color design paintings. He should have a thorough know-
ledge of paint mediums, mixing and matching colors, and the use and care of
brushes and painters' materials and apparatus, and be able to estimate on
quantities. He should have knowledge of rigging and scaffolding and ability
, to work outdoors under unfavorable conditions.
Schooling: Common school.
PAINTER, SIGN LETTERER PEN
Kindred Occupations: Department store sign and card letterer; Office building
door letterer; Sign painter.
Description: The duties of the sign letter painter are designing, painting,
or lettering all sorts of small-sized signs, or card signs.
Qualifications: He must be thoroughly experienced in all pha.ses of artistic
sign work, such as design, make-up, laying out, painting, lettering, striping,
gilding, graining, and varnishing. He must be expert in the laying out,
proportioning, blocking in, and finishing of all styles of letters, and in free-
hand letter painting of small card signs, bulletins, and notices. He must bo
skilled in gold-leaf sign work, and understand mixing of paints and proper
use and care of brushes.
16
PAINTER, STRUCTURAL STEEL AND BRIDGE WORK PENCE
Description: Tlie duties of the painter on structural steel and bridge work are
to paint or cover with anj'^ antirust coating structural steel or bridge work
in the process of erection.
Qualifications: He should know how to prepare metal surfaces for the re-
ceiving of paint; should be familiar with paints generally used on struc-
tural steel and bridge work; understand the care and use of all t;ools and
paint brushes; should be able to judge the proper consistency of paint to be
used; and should be able to work on scaffolding or climb upon structural
work. He should have had experience on similar work or on a bridge con-
struction crew or on large buildings.
Schooling: Common school.
PIT INSPECTOR* PROBE
Description: The pit inspector visits the plow pits where the contact is changed
from the underground conduit to the overhead wire, and vice versa. He sees
that the equipment is in operating condition and inspects the actual work of
the pitman, acting as instr\ictor to new pitmen. He examines periodically the
bottom of the cars as they pass over the pit to see that the plow hangers and
leads ate in proper condition.
Qualifications: He must be thoroughly experienced as a pitman and be quali-
fied to judge the proper condition of the swinging conductor bar, circuit
breaker, signal bell and lights, and also the rubber gloves used by pit work-
men when working on high-tension circuits.
Schooling: Common school.
PITMAN PROD
Description: The pitman is stationed in a pit under the track at a point where
the contact changes from the underground conduit to the overhead wire, or
vice versa. After he has removed the plow and put the leads into the blocks
under the car, he signals the conductor with a bell and holds the automatic
circuit breaker which permits the current to pass through the isolated portion
of the wire over the pit. In the reverse ope;:ation, after the trolley pole or
poles have been hauled down, he places the plow in the hangers, connects the
leads, holds the swinging conductor bar in place against the plow, gives the
signal to the conductor, and holds the automatic breaker in place until the
car has left the isolated portion of the conductor bar at the pit. It is his
duty to keep the pit clean and the equipment in operating condition.
Qualifications: He must be steady and thoroughly experienced in the opera-
tions described and in the care of the pit and its equipment. He must be
able to make the change quickly, but carefully, so as to avoid delay at the pit.
Schooling: Common school.
PLATFORM MAN, ELEVATED AND SUBWAY PRONE
Description: The platform man announces the destination' of approaching
trains and gives passengers desired information concerning the same. He
assists the passengers in getting on and off trains and prevents undue delay
of trains at the station. He also sees that the gates or doors are properly
closed before the train leaves the station. ,
Qualifications: He must be courteous, careful, of even temper, and must be
able to deal with all kinds of people tactfully. He is usually required to pass
a physical examination.
Schooling: Common school.
17
PLOW REPAIRER, UNDERGROUND TROLLEY PRONG
Description: The plow repairer constructs new plows and repairs old plows
(the means of contact with underground conductor bars) . He replaces burnt-
out feeds; renews the surrounding insulating material; makes repairs to, or
replaces the insulated spring contacts and wood or metal parts of the frame,
when they are burnt out or injured. He also coats the plow with insulating
paint.
Qualifications: It is desirable that he be experienced in the construction and
repair of plows. He must be able to do very careful insulating.
Schooling: Common school.
PORTER, STATION. {See Station porter, elevated and subway.)
REPAIR MAN, AIR COMPRESSOR RICE
Description: The duties of the air compressor repair man are to inspect and
repair air compressor apparatus, including the adjustment of valves, taking
out and replacing of parts, and the adjustment and setting of bearings, cyl-
inders, and pistons.
Qualifications. He must be a machine fitter who has specialized on air com-
pressor work. He must be able to take down, repair and reassemble a com-
plete air compressor such as is used on street railway cars. He should have
had experience equivalent to an.^ apprenticeship; should have w^orked as a
helper; and should have had considerable experience as a journeyman.
Schooling: Common school.
REPAIR MAN AND INSPECTOR, STREET CAR CONTROLLER RIDE
Description: The duties of the repair man and inspector of street car con-
trollers are to inspect and repair street car controllers and keep them in good
working condition.
Qualifications: He should be thoroughly familiar with all the mechanical re-
quirements of a street car controller. He must be able to take out and replace
parts, repair wiring, put in fuses and make contacts. He must be skilled in
the use of wireman's tools and must be able to make any tests necessary to
locate defects in the apparatus. He should have worked as a helper and
should have had considerable experience as a journeyman.
Schooling: Common school.
REPAIR MAN, CAR BARN RIDER
Description: The repair man in a car barn does minor repair work to cars under
the direction of the barn foreman. He does repair work that does not require
machine shop equipment. His work includes all mechanical parts of the car
and its equipment.
Qualifications: Although the foreman instructs him in the diflBcult minor
repairs, he should have a general knowledge of car construction and equip-
ment (motors, wires, trucks, brakes, compressor engine, plow, etc.). He
should be skilled in handling the ordinary mechanic's tools.
Schooling: Common school.
REPAIR MAN, HELPER, MOTOR AND TRUCK REPEL
Description: The duties of the repair man's helper on street railway motors
and trucks are to assist the repair man in removing car bodies, dismantling,
repairing and reassembling trucks and motors.
18
Qualifications: He must be physically strong and should have a desire to
become a journeyman repair man. He should understand the general prin-
ciples of motor construction and have some knowledge of electrical measure-
ments and insulation, or should be willing to pursue a course of study along
these lines.
Schooling: Common school; preferably trade or technical school.
REPAIR MAN, INTERLOCKING AND SIGNAL SERVICE REPLY
Description: The duties of the interlocking and signal repair man in street
railway service are to keep switches, mechanical and electrical signals, and
interlocking machines in repair, properly adjusted and greased.
Qualifications : He should have a thorough knowledge of signal and interlock-
ing devices and should be l^thoroughly famihar with electrically operated
switches and with interlocking devices and machines. He must be able to
take out and replace parts and keep the system in operating order. He
should have worked as an assistant to a repair man and should have done
considerable independent work.
Sdiooling: Common school.
REPAIR MAN, MOTOR AND TRUCK REVEL
Description: The duties of the motor and truck repair man are to assist in
removing the bodies from the trucks by means of hydrauhc jacks, to dis-
mantle and repair the motors and trucks, and to replace the same in proper
condition for service.
Qualifications : He must be able to work.to drawings; must be thoroughly famil-
iar with truck and motor construction; must be able to rebabbitt boxes,
hue up armature shafts, adjust the housings, turn down commutators, and
place the motor in every way ready for service. He should be able to direct
the work of helpers and be able to handle hydrauhc, electric, and hand power
cranes. He should have had experience equivalent to an apprenticeship
and should have done considerable work as a journeyman.
Schooling: Preferably some technical training.
REPAIR MAN, PLOW. {See Plow repairer, underground trolley.)
REPAIR MAN, POWER HOUSE READY
Description: The power house repair man does the repair work on boilers,
condensers, pumps, and piping. Occasionally he is required to repair the
automatic stokers and to do brick and concrete work.
Qualifications: He must be skilled in pipe fitting, steam fitting, and pump
and boiler work. It is desirable that he also be able to do brick and concrete
work.
Schooling: Common school.
REPAIR MAN, STREET CAR FENDER RIFLE
Description: The street car fender repair man removes, repairs, and replaces
street car fenders.
Qualifications: He must be able to run a drill press, cut and bend fender parts,
weave in cross strips, and do riveting. He should have worked as an as-
sistant car fender-repair man.
Schooling: Common school*
19
REPAIR MAN, STREET CAR WIRING RIFT
Description: The repair man on a street car wiring system connects in and re-
pairs motors, automatic switches, lighting and bell circuits, and controller
circuits.
Qualifications: He must be an experienced wireman who has specialized on
street car wiring and must be familiar with fuse boxes, knock out switches,
light switches, controller and rheostats so that he can take out and replace
any part necessary to keep the electrical appliances in good working condition.
He must have had exi)erience equivalent to an apprenticeship and should have
served some time as a journeyman.
Schooling: Common school.
ROAD MASTER RIG
Description: The road master has charge of and is responsible for the roadbed,
track, private right of way, and station grounds on his subdivision. He lays
out and assigns the work for each foreman under his jurisdiction, sees that
they are supplied with material and tools and that the same are cared for,
economically used, and accounted for. He keeps informed on the conditions
of bridges and the drainage system. He sees that a proper record is kept and
return made of time and rate of pay and of the location and kind of work
performed. He reports all_work to the engineer, maintenance of way.
Qualifications : The road master is a graduate of an engineering school, or has
had long experience with street railway, track and line work. He not only
must understand every detail of track construction, but also must be able to
plan and supervise all work on the construction of new track and on the
maintenance and repair of old track. He must be able to order suppUes and
maintain a working organization. He must be qualified to keep accurate
records of all track work that is done.
Schooling: High school; engineering school or the equivalent training.
SECTION MAN SPUR
Description: The section man makes a general inspection of city track and
keeps the switch mechanism oiled and adjusted. He performs some minor
track repairs, such as tightening joints, wedging tight slot, or filling small
holes in pavement. Section men usually travel in pairs. They report any
trouble which they are unable to remedy.
Qualifications : He must be physically fit to stand all kinds of weather.
SPECIAL OFFICER, ELEVATED AND SUBWAY SPURN
Description : The special oflBcer is deputized by the local police authority with the
power to arrest. He is stationed on the platform, announces the destination
of approaching trains, and assists in getting passengers on and off trains.
He sees that the gates or doors are properly closed before the train leaves and
assists in preventing undue delay. It is also his duty to prevent or check
disorder and dangerous crowding, and, if necessary, to arrest offenders.
Qualifications: He must be courteous, careful, and of even temper; and he
must be able to command respect and to deal with all kinds of people tactfully.
He must pass a physical examination, and should be a man of physical
strength in order to exercise control in heavy rush hours. He must also be
able to fulfill the requirements of the local police authority.
Schooling: Common school.
20
STATION AGENT, ELEVATED AND SXJBWAY SPURT
Description: The station agent occupies a booth at a station where he sells
tickets or collects and rasters the fares on a turnstile. He may have to
take charge of and be responsible for the equipment, and for the work of the
station employees. He makes out daily and monthly reports.
Qualifications: The position requires a man of responsibiUty, accustomed to
haiiitiling money. He must be able to make change quickly and accurately
and to detect counterfeit and defective money. He must be courteous in
dealing with passengers and be able to handle station men. He is usually
required to pass a physical examination. Women are frequently employed.
Schooling: Common school; preferably high school.
STATION MASTER, ELEVATED AND SUBWAY SPY
Description: A station master is found only in large stations, through which the
traffic is exceptionally great. Subject to the direction of the station in-
spector, he has immediate supervision of the equipment and employees at
his station.
Qualifications: He must have had experience as agent and must know all
station regulations. He must have some executive ability and be courteous
and tactful in deahng with passengers.
Schooling: Common school; preferably high school.
STATION PORTER, ELEVATED AND SUBWAY STAB
Description: The duties of the station porter are to keep the station, stairways,
platforms, and washrooms clean and sanitary, and to perform such other work
as may be assigned.
Qualifications: Should be fairly strong and should be able to stand exposure
to all weather or the atmosphere of the subway tunnel. Women are fre-
quently employed.
SWITCHMAN STACK
Description: The switchman handles cars in and about the yards, sidings,
and to and from inspection barns. He makes up trains, couphng and cutting
cars according to the number required for the trains. The work of a switch-
man is training for the position of mptorman.
Qualifications: Experience as guard and as acting switchman is necessary.
He should have had training in the instruction car, and in the yards with a
motor instructor. He should have passed an examination, and should
have worked as an acting switchman. He must also be able to pass a rigid
physical examination, and be famiUar with interlocking, bell, whistle, and
flag signals.
Schooling: Common school.
TICE:ET chopper. iSee Gateman, elevated and subway.)
TIMEKEEPER, TRACK AND LINE ^ TROT
Description: The track and hne timekeeper travels over the system, visits
each gang doing track construction or repair work, and checks up the names
and number of men on duty in each gang. At the end of each day, he compares
his records with those of the various foremen, before the time is entered on
the distribution and pay roll sheets.
Qualifications: He should be bright and active, understand the general method
of recording time and the form used, and be quaUfied to undertake a position
of responsibiUty.
Schooling: Common school; preferably high school.
21
TOWERMAN TROUT
Description: The towerman is stationed in an interlocking tower plant, located
either at a terminal or at a switching point on the line. He manipulates
the levers of the electro-pneumatic switch and signal devices, thereby con-
trolUng the direction and movement of trains at the point where the tower is
located. He observes all approaching and passing trains, noting whether
they are complete and in order, and whether markers and tail lights are
properly displayed. He is also held responsible for the care of the interlocking
station.
Qualifications: In addition to experience as trainman, he must have at least
one year of experience in an interlocking plant before he is considered a safe
and competent towerman. He must know accurately and understand
thoroughly all directions for the routing of trains, all rules and regulations
governing signals, emergencies, and train movements, as well as his own
position. While repairs are made by interlocking repair men, he must be
familiar with the interlocking system, so as to be able to act inteUigently in
case of emergency. His eyesight, color sight, hearing, and judgment of
speed and distance must all be accurate.
Schooling: Common school or better.
TRACK WALKER TROY
Description : The track walker makes a daily inspection of a portion of suburban
track and sees that the track, highway, crossings, signs, switches, culverts,
bridges, and fences are in proper condition. He carries a few tools and makes
such minor repairs as resetting spikes, tightening rail joints, removing ob-
structions, and adjusting switches. He reports &tiy work that he cannot
accomplish himself to the subiyban track foreman.
Qualifications : He should be familiar with the construction of frogs and switches,
setting and tamping ties, and should have a general knowledge of signal
devices, especially with reference to outside operating levers. He should
have had an all-round experience as a section hand.
Schooling: Common school.
TRAIN CLERK, ELEVATED AND SUBWAY TRUCE
Description: The train clerk keeps the records in which are noted the time
of arrival and departure of trains, the car numbers, and the-names of con-
ductors and motormen. He rings the terminal bell for the trains to start.
It is also his duty to keep a record of the mileage of the cars from which he
can inform the dispatcher when a car is due for inspection, so that it may
be properly retired from service for that purpose.
Qualifications: He usually advances from the rank of trainman, in which
capacity he should have gained thorough experience in the general operation
of the system, particularly of the terminal system. He must be alert and
have keen eyesight; and he must be able to keep neat, accurate records at
a rapid rate.
Schooling: Common school or better.
TRAIN DISPATCHER, ELEVATED AND SUBWAY TRUCK
Description: The train dispatcher has charge of the yard and sidings at a
station or terminal where trains are made up, and of all transportation em-
ployees at this point. He is responsible for the expeditious and correct
^22
dispatch and movement of trains within the limits assigned to him, and he
carries out the orders of the superintendent and the train master in regard
to the distribution of cars, and the making up and dispatch of trains. He
sees that the yard is kept in order, that the cars passing are properly inspected,
and that those requiring repairs are sent to the. shop.
Qualifications: He must thoroughly understand the yard and car equipment
and the system of yard operation; and he must have the executive ability
necessary to handle the trainmen, switchmen, and others subordinate to him.
He should have had experience as train clerk or starter.
Schooling: Common school; preferably high school.
TRAIN MASTER, ELEVATED AND SUBWAY TRUE
Description: The train master, under the direction of a superintendent, exer-
cises a general supervision over, and is directly responsible for, all employees
connected with the train service, either on a single division or on the whole
line. He sees that all orders are carried out, that rules and regulations
are fully understood and observed, that discipline is maintained, and that the
trains are operated as nearly to schedule as possible.
Qualifications: He must thoroughly understand and be experienced in all
details of the operation of the transportation department. It is necessary
that he be especially famiUar with all rules established by the organization
and familiar with train schedules, the signal system, and the emergency
regulations and procedure. He must be further quaUfied by executive
experience to handle a large group of men.
Schooling: High school or better.
TRAIN STARTER, ELEVATED AND SUBWAY TRULY
Description: The train starter has charge of the crewing of trains; must see
that conductors, guards, and motormen are in proper condition and at their
posts when the train is ready to start. He submits to the train dispatcher
a daily report of the absentees and of those who fill the places of absentees.
Qualifications: He is usually selected from the ranks of the trainmen where
he has gained experience in terminal operation. He must be mentally alert
and qualified to handle men. He must be physically soimd and able to
endure exposure to all weather or to the atmosphere of the subway.
Schooling: Conmaon school or better.
TROUBLE DISPATCHER TRUNK
Description: The trouble dispatcher receives trouble calls from the line. He
calls out the emergency or wrecking crew to clear up the trouble and sees
that they answer promptly. He also notifies the heads of departments
to whose attention the trouble should come. He keeps a careful report of all
his transactions.
Qualifications: It is necessary that he be experienced and famihar with all
phases of the operation of the system. He must be able to decide immediately,
upon the receipt of the emergency call, what course will effect the most
rapid clearing of delay and diflficulty. He should have had general experience
in the trouble clearing department. ^
Schooling: Common school; preferably high school.
23
WHEEL INSPECTOR • WHIFF
Description: The wheel inspector examines all wheels for worn or high flanges,
worn contours, and low diameters; he also scrutinizes them carefully for
cracks and flaws in the material.
Qualifications: He should have had thorough experience in this work; must be
able to use caUpers and gauges and to compare dimensions with a drawing
or pattern. Experience alone wUl produce the knack of discovering cracks
and flaws. He must be physically strong and willing to work under adverse
conditions. *
Schooling: Common school.
THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE
STAMPED BELOW
AN INITIAL FINE OF 25 CENTS
WILL BE ASSESSED FOR FAILURE TO RETURN
THIS BOOK ON THE DATE DUE. THE PENALTY
WILL INCREASE TO 50 CENTS ON THE FOURTH
DAY AND TO $1.00 ON THE SEVENTH DAY
OVERDUE.
APR 1 7 R?P
rliri^ X ' l?WO
JAN A l34<:
LD 21-95m-7,'37
594348
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA UBRARY
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