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GIFT OF 
 
... -.A I 
 
 CONVENTION 
 
 BETWEEN 
 
 lilSMSOfiiCflllNDmiNmS, 
 
 WITH RESPECT TO 
 
 THE LAWS AND CUSTOMS OF WAR ON LAND. 
 
 (iENKIlAL OltDKRS, No. 52, JUNE 11, 1002. 
 
 ADJUTANTP e|?iQH<:^i(Vl^*S .OFISi^ICK. 
 
 WASHINGTON: 
 
 GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 
 1902. 
 
M3 
 

 General Orders, 1 HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY, 
 I Adjutant-General's Office, 
 
 No. 53. J Washington, June 11, 1902. 
 
 By direction of the Secretary of War, the following act of 
 The Hague Peace Conference, proclaimed by the President on 
 the nth day of April, 1902, is published for the information 
 and government of all concerned, in connection with the pre- 
 vious acts of the Conference published in General Orders, No. 
 4, January 15, 1903, from this office : 
 
 CONVENTION BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND CER- 
 TAIN POWERS, WITH RESPECT TO THE LAWS AND CUSTOMS OF WAR 
 ON LAND. 
 
 Signed at The Hague July 29, 1809. 
 
 Ratification advised by the Senate March lU, 1902. 
 
 Ratified by the President of the United States March 19, 1902. 
 
 Ratifications deposited with the Netherlands Government September k, 1000. 
 
 Proclaimed April 11, 1002. 
 
 By the Pregidext of the Umted States of America. 
 
 A PROCLAMATION. 
 
 Whereas a Convention with respect to the laws and customs of war on land was 
 concluded and signed on July 29, 1899, by the Plcnipotentiaiies of the United States 
 of America, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Belgium, Denmark, Spain, 3Iexico, France, 
 Great Britain and Ireland, Greece, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Montenegro, the 
 Netherlands, Persia, Portugal, Roumauia, Russia, Servia, Siam, Sweden and Norway, 
 Turkey, and Bulgaria, the original of which Convention, in the French language, 
 is word for word as follows : 
 
 [Translation.] 
 
 CONVE.NTION WITH RESPECT TO THE LAWS CONVENTION CONCERNANT LE8 LOIS ET 
 AND CUST0.MS OF WAR OX LAND. COVTl'MES 1)E LA GlERRE SUR TERRE. 
 
 His Majesty the Emperor of Germany, Sa Majeste TEmpereur d'^lemagne. 
 
 King of Prussia ; His Majesty the Em- Roi de Prusse ; Sa Majesto I'Empereur 
 
 peror of Austria, King of Bohemia etc. d'Autriche, Roi de BohGnie etc. et Roi 
 
 and Apostolic King of Hungary; His Apostolique de Hongrie; Sa Majesty le 
 
 Majesty the King of the Belgians; Roi des Beiges; Sa Majeste lo Roi de 
 
 His Majesty the King of Denmark ; His Danemark; Sa Majeste le Roi d'Espagne 
 
 349136 
 
. .-2 
 
 Majesty the King of Spain and in His 
 Name Her Majesty the Queen Regent 
 of the Kingdom ; the President of tlie 
 United States of America ; the Presi- 
 dent of the United Mexican States; the 
 President of tlie French Republic ; Her 
 Majesty the Queen of the United King- 
 dom of Great Britain and Ireland, Em- 
 press of India ; His Majesty the King 
 of the Hellenes ; His Majesty the King 
 of Italy ; His Majesty the Emperor of 
 Japan : His Royal Highness the Grand 
 Duke of Luxemburg, Duke of Nassau ; 
 His Highness the Prince of Monte- 
 negro ; Her Majesty the Queen of the 
 Netherlands ; His Imperial IMajesty tlie 
 Shah of Persia ; His Majesty the King 
 of Portugal and of the Algarves etc. ; 
 His Majesty the King of Roumania ; 
 His Majesty the Emperor of all the 
 Russias; His Majesty the King of 
 Servia ; His Majesty the King of Siam ; 
 His Majesty the King of Sweden and 
 Norway; His Majesty the Emperor of 
 the Ottomans and His Royal Highness 
 the Prince of Bulgaria. 
 Considering that, while seeking means 
 to preserve peace and prevent armed con- 
 flicts among nations, it is likewise neces- 
 sary to have regard to cases where an 
 appeal to arms may be caused by events 
 \vhich their solicitude could not avert; 
 
 Animated by the desire to serve, even 
 in this extreme hypothesis, the interests 
 of humanity and the ever increasing re- 
 quirements of civilization; 
 
 Thinking it important, with this object, 
 to revise the laws and general customs of 
 ■war, either with the view of defining them 
 more precisely, or of laying down certain 
 limits for the purpose of modifying their 
 severity as far as possible; 
 
 Inspired by these views which are en- 
 joined at the present day, as they were 
 twenty-five years ago at the time of the 
 Rrussels Conference in 1874, by a wise 
 and generous foresight; 
 
 Have, in this spirit, adopted a great 
 number of provisions, the object of which 
 is to define and govern the usages of war 
 on land. 
 
 et en Son Nom Sa Majeste la Reine- 
 Regente du Royaume ; le President 
 des Etats-Unis d'Ani6rique; le Presi- 
 dent des Etats-Unis Mexicains; le 
 President de la Republique Franyaise ; 
 Sa Majeste la Heine du Royaunie-Unl 
 de la Grande Bretagne et d'Irlande, 
 Imperatrice des Indes ; Sa Majeste le 
 Roi des Hellenes ; Sa Majeste le Roi 
 d'ltalie; Sa Majeste TEmpereur du 
 Japon ; Son Altesse Royale le Gnind- 
 Duc de Luxembourg, Due de Nassau ; 
 Son Altesse le Prince de Montenegro ; 
 Sa 3Iajeste la Heine des Pays-Bas ; Sa 
 Majeste Imperiale le Schah de Perse; 
 Sa Majeste le Roi de Portugal et des 
 Algarves etc. ; Sa Majeste le Roi de 
 Roumanie; Sa Majeste I'Empereur de 
 Toutes les Russies ; Sa Majeste le Roi 
 de Serbie ; Sa Majeste le Roi de Siam ; 
 Sa Majeste le Roi de Su6de et de Nor- 
 vege ; Sa Majeste I'Empereur des Otto- 
 mans et Son Altesse Royale le Prince 
 de Bulgarie 
 
 Considerant que, tout en recherchant 
 les nioyens de sauvegarder la paix et de 
 prevenir les conflits amies entre les na- 
 tions, il importe de se preoccuper egale- 
 ment du cas ou Tappel aux armes serait 
 amene par des evenements que Leur solli- 
 citude n'aurait pu detouruer; 
 
 Animes du desir de servir encore, dans 
 cette hypothese extreme, les interets de 
 I'humanite et les exigences toujours pro- 
 gressives de la civilisation; 
 
 Estimant qu'il importe, k cette fin, de 
 reviser les lols et coutumes generales de 
 la guerre, soit dans le but de les deflnir 
 avec plus de precision, soit afin d'y tracer 
 certaines limites destinees k en restreindre 
 autant que possible les rigueurs; 
 
 S'inspirant de ces viies recommandees 
 aujourd'hui, connne il y a viugt-cinq ans, 
 lors de la Conference de Bruxelles de 1874, 
 l)ar une sageet geuereuse prevoyance; 
 
 Ont, dans cet esprit, adopte un grand 
 nonibre de dispositions qui ont pour objet 
 de definir et de regler les usages de la 
 guerre sur terre. 
 
3 
 
 In view of the High Contracting Par- 
 ties, these provisions, the wording of 
 which has been inspired by the desire to 
 diminish the evils of war so far as mili- 
 tary necessities permit, are destined to 
 serve as general rules of conduct for bel- 
 ligerents in their relations with eacb 
 other and with jjopulations. 
 
 It has not, however, been possible to 
 agree forthwith on provisions embracing 
 all the circumstances which occur in 
 practice. 
 
 On the other hand, it could not be in- 
 tended by the High Contracting Parties 
 that the cases not provided for should, 
 for want of a written provision, be left to 
 the arbitrary judgment of the military 
 Commanders. 
 
 Until a more complete code of the laws 
 of war is issued, the High Contracting 
 Parties think it right to declare that in 
 cases not included in the liegulatious 
 adopted by them, populations and bellig- 
 erents remain under the protection and 
 empire of the principles of international 
 law, as they result from the usages estab- 
 lished between civilized nations, fro;ii the 
 laws of humanity, and the requirements 
 of the public conscience ; 
 
 They declare that it is in this sense 
 especially that Articles I and II of the 
 Regulations adopted must be understood; 
 
 The High Contracting Parties, desiring 
 to conclude a Convention to this effect, 
 have appointed as their Plenipotentiaries, 
 to wit : 
 
 His Majesty the Emperor of Geraiany, 
 King of Prussia : His Excellency Count de 
 Munster, Prince of Derneburg, His Am- 
 bassador at Paris. 
 
 His Majesty the Emperor of Austria, 
 King of Bohemia, etc., and Ai)Ostolic 
 King of Hungary : His Excellency Count 
 R. de Welsersheimb, His Ambassador 
 Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary; Mr, 
 Alexander Okolicsanyi d'Okolicsua, His 
 Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Pleni- 
 potentiary at The Hague. 
 
 His Majesty the King of the Belgians : 
 His Excellency Mr. Auguste Beernaert, 
 
 Selon les vues des Hautes Parties cou- 
 tractantes, ces dispositions, dont la redac- 
 tion a ete inspiree par le desir de di- 
 minuer les maux de la guerre, autant que 
 les necessites militaires le permettent, 
 sont destinees a servir de regie generale 
 de conduite aux belligerauts, dans leurs 
 rapports entre eux et avec les populations. 
 
 II n'a pas ete possible toutefois de con- 
 certer des maintenant des stipulations 
 s'etendant k toutes les circonstances qui 
 se preseutent dans la pratique. 
 
 D'autre part, il ne pouvait entrer dans 
 les intentions des Hautes Parties Con- 
 tractantes que les cas non prevus fussent, 
 faute de stipulation ecrite, laissees a I'ap- 
 preciation arbitraire de ceux qui dirigeut 
 les armees. 
 
 En attendant qu'uu code plus] complet 
 des lois de la guerre puisse etre edicte, 
 les Hautes Parties Contractantes jugent 
 opportun de coustater que, dans les cas 
 non compris dans les dispositions regle- 
 meutaires adoptees par Elles, les popula- 
 tions et les belligerauts restent sous la 
 sauvegarde et sous I'empire des princi- 
 pes du droit des gens, tels qu'ils resultent 
 des usages etablis entre nations civilisees, 
 des lois de Thumanite et des exigences de 
 la conscience publique. 
 
 Elles declarent que c'est dans ce sens 
 que doiveut s'eutendre notamment les 
 articles un et deux du Reglement adoptS: 
 
 Les Hautes Parties contractantes de- 
 simnt conclure une Convention a cet 
 effet out nomme pour Leurs plenipoten- 
 tiaires, savoir: 
 
 Sa Majeste I'Empereur d'AUemagne, 
 Roi de Prusse : Sou Excellence le Comte 
 de Miinster, Prince de Derneburg, Sou 
 Ambassadeur a Paris. 
 
 Sa Majeste I'Empereur d'Autriche, Roi 
 de Boheme etc., et Roi Ajxystolique de 
 Hongrie : Sou Excellence le Comte R. de 
 Welsereheimb, Son Ambassadeur extraor- 
 dinaire et plenii)otentiaire. M. Alexan- 
 dre Okolicsanyi d'Okolicsua, Son Envoye 
 extraoi-diuaire et Ministre pleuipoten- 
 tiaire a la Haye. 
 
 Sa Majeste le Roi des Beiges : Sou Ex- 
 cellence M. Auguste Beernaert, Son 
 
'•4 
 
 His Minister of State, Presideut of the 
 Chamber of Eepresentatives ; Couut de 
 Grelle Rogier, His Envoy Extraordinary 
 and Minister Plenipotentiary at The 
 Hague ; the Chevalier Descamps, Senator. 
 
 His Majesty the King of Denmark : His 
 Chamberlain Fr. E. de Bille, His Envoy 
 Extraordinary and Minister Plenipoten- 
 tiary at London. 
 
 His Majesty the King of Spain and in 
 His Name, Her Majesty the Qneeu Regent 
 of the Kingdom : His Excellency the Duke 
 of Tetuan, formerly Minister for Foreign 
 Affairs; Mr. W. Ramirez de Villa Urrutia, 
 His Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary at Brussels ; Mr. Arthur 
 de Baguer, His Envoy Extraordinary and 
 Minister Plenipotentiary at The Hagxie. 
 
 The President of the United States of 
 America: Mr. Stanford Newel, Envoy 
 Extraordinary and Minister Plenipoten- 
 tiary at The Hague. 
 
 The President of the United Mexican 
 States : Mr. de Mier, Envoy Extraordinary 
 and Minister Plenipotentiary at Paris ; 
 3Ir. Zenil, Minister Resident at Brussels. 
 
 The President of the French Republic : 
 Mr. Leon Bourgeois, former Presideut 
 of the Council, foimer Minister for Foreign 
 Affairs, Member of the Chamber of Depu- 
 ties ; Mr. Georges Bihourd, Envoy Extra- 
 ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at 
 The Hague ; the Baron d'Estournelles de 
 Constant, Minister Plenipotentiary, Mem- 
 ber of the Chamber of Deputies. 
 
 Her Majesty the Queen of the United 
 Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, 
 Empress of India : His Excellency the 
 Right Honorable Baron Pauncefote of 
 Preston, Member of Her Majesty's Privy 
 Council, Her Ambassador Extraordinary 
 and Plenipotentiary at Washington; Sir 
 Henry Howard, Her Envoy Extraordi- 
 nary and Minister Plenipotentiary at The 
 Hague. 
 
 His Majesty the King of the Hellenes : 
 Mr. N. Delyanui, former President of 
 the Council, former Minister for Foreign 
 Affairs, His Envoy Extraordinary and 
 Minister Plenipotentiary at Paris, 
 
 Ministre d'Etat, President de la Chambre 
 des Representants. M. le Comte De 
 Grelle Rogier, Son Envoye extraordinaire 
 et Ministre plenipotentiaire a la Haye. 
 M. le Chevalier Descamps, Senateur. 
 
 Sa Majeste le Roi de Danemark : Son 
 Chambellan Fr. E. de Bille, Son Envoye 
 extraordinaire et Ministre plenipoten- 
 tiaire a Londres. 
 
 Sa Majeste le Roi d'Espagne et en Son 
 Nom, Sa Majeste la Reine-Regente du 
 Royaume : Son Excellence le Due de Te- 
 tuan, Aucien Ministre des Affaires Etran- 
 geres. M. W. Ramirez de Villa Urrutia, 
 Sou Envoye extraordinaire et Ministre 
 plenipotentiaire a Bruxelles. M. Arthur 
 de Baguer, Son Envoye extraordinaire et 
 Ministre plenipotentiaire k la Haye. 
 
 Le President des £tats-Unisd'Amerique: 
 M. Stanford Newel, Envoye extraordinaire 
 et Ministre plenipotentiaire a la Haye. 
 
 Le Presideut des £tats-Unis Mexicains : 
 31. de Mier, Envoye extraordinaire et 
 Slinistre plenipotentiaire a Paris. M. 
 Zenil, Slinistre-Resident a Bruxelles. 
 
 Le President de la Republique Fran- 
 faise: M. Leon Bourgeois, Ancieu Presi- 
 dent du Conseil, Ancien Ministre dea 
 Affaires fitrangeres, Membre de la Cham- 
 bre des Deputes. 31. Georges Bihoui'd, 
 Envoye extraoi-dinaire et 3Iinistie pleni- 
 potentiaire a la Haye. M. le Baron 
 d'Estournelles de Constant, Ministre ple- 
 nipotentiaire, Membre de la Chambre 
 des Deputes. 
 
 Sa 3Iajeste la Reine du Royaume-Uni 
 de la Grande Bretagne et d'Irlande, Im- 
 peratrice des Indes : Son Excellence le 
 Tres Honorable Baron Pauncefote de 
 Preston, Membre du Conseil Prive de Sa 
 Majeste, Son Ambassadeur extraordinaire 
 et plenipotentiaire a Washington. Sir 
 Henry Howard, Son Envoye extraordi- 
 naire et 31inistre plenipotentiaire a la 
 Haye. 
 
 Sa Slajeste le Roi des Hellenes : 31. N. 
 Delyanni, Ancien President du Conseil, 
 Ancien Ministre des Affaires Etrangeres, 
 Son Envoye extraordinaire et ilinistre 
 plenipotentiaire a Paris. 
 
His Majesty the Kiug of Italy : His 
 Excellency Count Nigra, His Ambassador 
 at Vienna, Senator of the Kingdom ; 
 Count A. Zaunini, His Envoy Extraordi- 
 nary and Minister Plenipotentiary at The 
 Hague ; Commander Guido Pompilj, Dep- 
 uty in the Italian Parliament. 
 
 His Majesty tlie Emperor of Japan : 
 Mr. I. Motono, His Envoy Extraordinary 
 and Minister Plenipotentiary at Brussels. 
 
 His Royal Highness the Grand Duke of 
 Luxemburg, Duke of Nassau : His Ex- 
 cellency Mr. Eyschen, His Minister of 
 State, President of the Grand Ducal Gov- 
 ernment. 
 
 His Highness the Prince of Montene- 
 gro : His Excellency Mr. de Staal, Privy 
 Couucillor, Ambassador of Russia at Lon- 
 don. 
 
 Her Majesty the Queen of the Nether- 
 lands : the Jonkheer A. P. C. van Karne- 
 beek, former Minister of Foreign Affairs, 
 Member of the Second Chamber of the 
 States General ; General J. C. C. den 
 Beer Poortugael, former Minister of 
 "War, Member of the Council of State ; 
 Mr. T. M. C. Asser, Member of the Coun- 
 cil of State; Mr. E. N. Rahusen, Mem- 
 ber of the First Chamber of the States 
 General. 
 
 His Imperial Majesty the Shah of Per- 
 sia : His Aide-de-camp General Mirza 
 lliza Khan, Arfa-ud-Dovleh, His Envoy 
 Extraordinary and Minister Plenipoten- 
 tiary at St. Petersburg and at Stockholm. 
 
 His Majesty the King of Portugal and 
 of the Algarves, etc.: Count de Macedo, 
 Peer of the Kingdom, former Minister of 
 Marine and of the Colonies, His Envoy 
 Extraordinary and Minister Plenipoten- 
 tiary at Madrid ; Mr. d'Ornellas et 
 Vasconcellos, Peer of the Kingdom, His 
 Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plen- 
 ipotentiary at St. Petersburg ; Count de 
 Selir, His Envoy Extraordinary and 
 Minister Plenipotentiary at The Hague. 
 
 His Majesty the King of Roumauia: 
 Mr. Alexander Beldiman, His Envoy 
 Extraordinary and Minister Plenipoten- 
 tiary at Berlin ; Mr. Jean N. Papiniu, 
 
 Sa Majeste le Roi d'ltalie: Son Excel- 
 lence le Comte Nigra, Son Ambassadeur 
 k Vienne, Senateur du Royaume. M. le 
 Comte A. Zannini, Son Envoye exti-aor- 
 dinaire et Ministre plenipotentiaire h la 
 Haye. M. le Comniandeur Guido Pom- 
 pilj, D6pute au Parlemeut Italien. 
 
 Sa Majeste I'Empereur du Japon : M. I. 
 Motono, Son Envoye extraordinaire et 
 Ministre plenipotentiaire k Bruxelles. 
 
 Son Altesse Royale le Grand Due de 
 Luxembourg, Due de Nassau : Son Ex- 
 cellence M. Eyschen, Son Ministre d'l tat, 
 Pr^sideTitdu Gouvernemeut Grand-Ducal. 
 
 Son Altesse le Prince de Montenegro : 
 Son Excellence M. le Conseiller Prive 
 Actuel de Staal, Ambassadeur de Russie 
 a Londres. 
 
 Sa Majeste la Reine des Pays-Bas : M. 
 le Jonkheer A. P. C. van Karnebeek, 
 Ancieu Ministre des Affaires Ktrangeres, 
 Membre de la Seconde Chambre des Ktats- 
 Generaux. M. le General J. C. C. den 
 Beer Poortugael, Aucien Ministre de la 
 Guerre, Membre du Conseil d'J^tat. 
 M. T. M. C. Asser, Membre du Conseil 
 d'£tat. M. E. N. RahHsen, Membre de 
 la Premiere Chambre des ^fitats-GSn^raux. 
 
 Sa Majeste Imperiale le Schah de Perse : 
 Son Aide de Camp General Mirza Riza 
 Khan, Arfa-ud-Dovleh, Son Envoye ex- 
 traordinaire et Ministre plenipotentiaire 
 a St. Petersbourg et ji Stockholm. 
 
 Sa Majeste le Roi de Portugal et des 
 Algarves, etc.: M. le Comte de Macedo, 
 Pair du Royaume, Ancien Ministre de la 
 Marine et des Colonies, Son Envoye ex- 
 traordinaire et Ministre plenipotentiaire 
 a Madrid. M. d'Ornellas et A'asconcellos, 
 Pair du Royaume, Son Envoye extraor- 
 dinaire et Ministre plenipotentiaire c\ 
 St. Petersbourg. M. le Comte de Selir, 
 Son Envoy6 extraordinaire et Ministre 
 plenipotentiaire k la Haye. 
 
 Sa Majeste le Roi de Roumanie: M. 
 Alexandre Beldiman, Son Envoye ex- 
 traordiniire et Ministre plenipotentiaire 
 i Berlin. M. Jean N. Papiniu, Son 
 
6 
 
 His Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary at The Hagne. 
 
 His Majesty the Emperor of all the 
 Riissias: His Excellency Mr. de Staal, 
 Privy Councillor, His Ambassador at 
 London ; Mr. de Martens, Peitnanent 
 Member of the Council of the Imperial 
 Ministry of Foreign Affairs, His Privy 
 Councillor ; Mr. de Easily, His Councillor 
 of State, Chamberlain, Director of the 
 First Department of the Imperial Minis- 
 try for Foreign Affairs. 
 
 His 3Iajesty the King of Sei"\ia : Mr. 
 Miyatovitch, His Envoy Extraordinary 
 and Minister Plenipotentiary at London 
 and at The Hague. 
 
 His Majesty the King of Siam : M. 
 Phya Suriya Nuvatr, His Envoy Extraor- 
 dinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at 
 St. Petersburg ajid at Paris ; 31. Phya 
 Visuddha Suriyasakti, His Envoy Ex- 
 traordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary 
 at The Hague and at London. 
 
 His Majesty the King of Sweden and 
 Norway : the Baron de Bildt, His Envoy 
 Extraordinary and Minister Plenipoten- 
 tiary at Rome. 
 
 His Majesty the Emperor of the Otto- 
 mans: His Excellency Turkhan Pasha, 
 former Minister of Foreign Affairs, 
 Member of His Council of State; Noury 
 Bey, Secretary-General in the Ministry 
 of Foreign Affairs. 
 
 His Royal Highness the Prince of Bul- 
 garia: Dr. Dimitri Standoff, Diplomatic 
 Agent at St. Petersburg; Major Christo 
 Hessaptchieff, 31ilitary Attache at Bel- 
 grade. 
 
 Who, after communication of their full 
 powers, found in good and due form, 
 have agreed on the following : — 
 
 Article I. 
 
 The High Contracting Parties shall 
 issue instructions to their armed land 
 forces, which shall be in conformity with 
 the " Regulations respecting the Laws 
 and Customs of War on Land " annexed 
 to the present Convention. 
 
 Envoye extraordinaire et Ministre pleni- 
 potentiaire a la Haye. 
 
 Sa Majeste TEmpereur de Toutes les 
 Russies : Son Excellence M. le Conseiller 
 Prive Actuel de Staal, Son Ambassadeur 
 a Londres. M. de Martens, Slembre Per- 
 manent du Conseil du Ministere Imperial 
 des Affaires Etrangeres, Son Conseiller 
 Prive. Son Conseiller d'l^tat Actuel de 
 Ba.sily, Chambellan, Directeur du Pre- 
 mier Departement du Ministere Imperial 
 des Affaires l^trangei'es. 
 
 Sa Majeste le Roi de Serbie : M. Miya- 
 tovitch, Son Envoye extraoi^dinaire et 
 Ministre plenipotentiaire a Londres et a 
 la Haye. 
 
 Sa Majeste le Roi de Siam : M. Phya 
 Suriya Nuvatr, Son Envoye extraordinaire 
 et Ministre plenipotentiaire a St. Peters- 
 bourg et a Paris. M. Phya Visuddha 
 Suriyasakti, Son Envoye extraordinaire 
 et Ministre plenipotentiaire a la Haye et 
 a. Londres. 
 
 Sa Majeste le Roi de Suede et de Nor- 
 vege : 31. le Baron de Bildt, Son Envoy6 
 extraordinaire et 3Iinistre plenipoten- 
 tiaire a Rome. 
 
 Sa 3Iaje8te I'Empereur des Ottomans : 
 Son Excellence Turkhan-Pacha, Ancien 
 3Iinistre des Affaires l^trangeres, 3Iem- 
 bre de Son Conseil d'j(5tat. Noury Bey, 
 Secretaire -General au 3Iinistt!re des 
 Affaires l^^trangeres. 
 
 Son Altesse Royale le Prince de Bul- 
 garie: 31. le Dr. Dimitri Stancioff, Agent 
 Diplomatique a St. Petersbourg. 31. le 
 3Iajor Christo Hessaptchieff, Attache 
 3Iilitaire a Belgrade. 
 
 Lesqnels, apres s'Otre communique 
 leurs pleins pouvoirs, trouves en bonne 
 et due forme, sont couvenus de ce qui 
 suit: 
 
 Article 1. 
 
 Les Hautes Parties coutractantes don- 
 neroiit a leurs forces armees de terre des 
 instructions qui seront conformes au 
 Regletvent concernant les lois et coutumes de 
 la guerre sur terre, annexe a la presente 
 Convention. 
 
Article II. 
 
 Article 2. 
 
 The provisions coutHined in the Regu- 
 lations mentioned in Article 1 are only 
 hiuding on the Contracting Powers, in 
 case of war between two or more of them. 
 
 These provisions shall cease to be bind- 
 ing from the time when, in a war between 
 Contracting Powers, a non-Contracting 
 Power joins one of the belligerents. 
 
 Article III. 
 
 The present Convention shall be mti- 
 fied as speedily as possible. 
 
 The ratifications shall be deposited at 
 the Hague. 
 
 A procis-cerhal shall be drawn up re- 
 cording the receipt of each ratification, 
 and a copy, duly certified, shall be sent 
 through the diplomatic channel, to all 
 the Contracting Powers. 
 
 Article IV. 
 
 Non-Signatory Powers are allowed to 
 adhere to the present Convention. 
 
 For this purpose they must make their 
 adhesion known to the Contracting Pow- 
 ers by means of a written notification, 
 addressed to the Netherland Government, 
 and by it communicated to all the other 
 Contracting Powers. 
 
 Article V. 
 In the event of one of the High Con- 
 tracting Parties deuouncing the present 
 Convention, such denunciation would not 
 take effect until a year after the written 
 notification made to the Netherland Gov- 
 ernment, and by it at once communicated 
 to all the other Contracting Powers. 
 
 This denunciation shall affect only the 
 notifying Power. 
 
 In faith of which the Plenipotentiaries 
 have signed the present Convention and 
 affixed their seals thereto. 
 
 Done at the Hague the 29th July, 1899, 
 in a single cojjy, which shall be kept in 
 
 Les dispositions contcnues dans lo 
 Reglement vis6 a Tarticle i)remier ne 
 sont obligatoires que pour les Puissances 
 contractantes, en cas de guerre entre 
 deux on plusieurs d'entre elles. 
 
 Ces dispositions cesseront d'Ctre obliga- 
 toires du moment od, dans une guerre 
 entre des Puissances contractantes, une 
 Puissance non coutractante se joindrait a 
 I'un des belligerants. 
 
 Article 3. 
 
 La presente Convention sera ratifi^e 
 dans le plus bref delai possible. 
 
 Les ratifications seront d^posees a la 
 Haye. 
 
 II sera dresse du dep«it do chaque rati- 
 fication un ijroces-verbal, dont une copie, 
 certifiee conforme, sera remise par la voie 
 diplomatique ii toutes les Puissances con- 
 tractantes. 
 
 Article 4. 
 
 Les Puissances non signataires sont 
 admises a adherer a la presente Con- 
 vention. 
 
 Elles auront, k. cet effet, a, faire con- 
 naitre leur adhesion aux Puissances con- 
 tractantes, au moyen irunc notification 
 ecrite, adresse au Gouvernement des 
 Pays-Bas et communiquee par celui-ci a 
 toutes les autres Puissances contractantes. 
 
 Article 5. 
 
 S'il arrivait qu'une des Hautes Parties 
 contractantes denonynt la presente Con- 
 vention, cette denonciation ne produirait 
 ses effets qu'un an apies la notification 
 faite par ecrit au Gouvernement de* 
 Pays-Bas et commuuiquee immediate- 
 meut par celui-ci a toutes les autres 
 Puissances^ contractantes. 
 
 Cette denonciation ne produira ses effets 
 qu'a Ttgard de la Puissance qui I'aura 
 notifiee. 
 
 En foi de quoi, les pleniiwtentiaires 
 out sigue la presente Convention et Pout 
 revetue de leurs cachets. 
 
 Fait a la Haye, le vingt neuf juillet 
 mil huit cent quatre-vingt dix-ueuf, eu 
 
8 
 
 the archives of the Netherlaud Govern- 
 ment, and copies of which, duly certified, 
 shall be delivered to the Contracting 
 Powers through the diplomatic channel. 
 
 For Germany : 
 (Signed) Minster Derneburg. 
 
 For Austria-Hungary : 
 (Signed) Welsersheimb. 
 (Signed) Okoliosanyi. 
 
 For Belgium : 
 (Signed) A. Beernaeet. 
 (Signed) Cte. ue Grelle Rogier. 
 (Signed) Chr. Descamps. 
 
 For Denmark : 
 (Signed) F. Bille. 
 
 For Spain : 
 (Signed) Et DrQVE de Tetuan. 
 (Signed) W. R. de Villa Urrutia. 
 (Signed) Arturo de Bagver. 
 
 For the United States of America : 
 (Signed) Stanford Newel. 
 
 For the United Mexican States : 
 (Signed) M. de Mier. 
 (Signed) J. Zenil. 
 
 For France : 
 (Signed) Leon Bovrgeois. 
 (Signed) G. Bihovud. 
 (Signed) d'Estovrnelles de Constant. 
 
 For Great Britain and Ireland : 
 (Signed) Pauncefote. 
 (Signed) Henry Howard. 
 
 For Greece : 
 (Signed) N. Delyanni. 
 
 For Italy : 
 (Signed) Nigra. 
 (Signed) A. Zannini. 
 (Signed) G. Pompilj. 
 
 For Japan : 
 (Signed) I. Motono. 
 
 For Luxemburg : 
 (Signed) Evschen. 
 
 For Montenegro : 
 (Signed) Staal. 
 
 For the Netherlands : 
 (Signed) v, Karnebeek. 
 (Signed) den Beer Poorti'gael. 
 (Signed) T. M. C. Asser. 
 (Signed) E. N. Rahusen. 
 
 un seul exemplaire qui restera depose 
 dans les archives du Gouvernement des 
 Pays-Bas et dont des copies, certifiees 
 conformes, serout remises par la voie 
 diplomatique aux Puissances contrac- 
 tantes. 
 
 Pour rAllemagne : 
 (l. 8.) Minster Dernebvrg. 
 
 Pour I'Autriche-Hongrie : 
 (l. s.) Welsersheimb. 
 (l. s.) Okolicsanyi. 
 
 Pour la Belgique : 
 (l. s.) a. Beernaert. 
 (l. s.) Cte. de Grelle Rogieb. 
 (l. s.) Chr. Descamps. 
 
 Pour le Danemark : 
 (l. s.) F. Bille. 
 
 Pour TEspagne: 
 (l. s.) El DrQVE De Tetuan. 
 (l. s.) W. R. De Villa Urrvtia. 
 (l. s.) Artvro de Baguer. 
 
 Pour les Etats-Unis d'Amerique : 
 (l. s.) Stanford Newel. 
 
 Pour les Etats-Unis Mexicains : 
 (l, s.) M. de Mier. 
 (l. 8.) J. Zenil. 
 
 Pour la France : 
 (l. s.) Leon Bovrgeois. 
 (l. s.) G. Bihourd. 
 (l. 8.) D'Estovrnelles de Constant. 
 
 Pour la Grande Bretagne et I'liiande: 
 (l. s.) Pavncefote. 
 (l. 8.) Henry Howard. 
 
 Pour la Grece : 
 (l. s.) N. Delyanni. 
 
 Pour 1 'Italic: 
 (l. s.) Nigra, 
 (l. 8.) \. Zannini. 
 (l. 8.) G. Pompilj. 
 
 Pour le Japon : 
 (l. s.) I. Motono. 
 
 Pour le Luxembourg : 
 (l. s.) Eyschen. 
 
 Pour le Montenegro : 
 (l. s.) Staal. 
 
 Pour les Pays-Bas : 
 (l. 8.) v. Karnebeek. 
 (l. s.) den Beer Poortvgael. 
 (l. s.) T. M. C. Asser. 
 (l. s.) E. N. Rahvsen. 
 
For Persia : 
 (Signed) 3Iirza Riza Kuan, Arfa-ud- 
 Dovleli. 
 
 For Port n gal : 
 (Signed) Conde de 3Iacepo. 
 (Signed) Agostinho d'Ouxeli.as de Vas- 
 
 CONCELLOS. 
 
 (Signed) Conde de Selir. 
 
 For Koumania; 
 (Signed) A. Bei-dimax. 
 (Signed) J. N. Papixut. 
 
 For Russia : 
 (Signed) Staal. 
 (Signed) Martexs. 
 (Signed) A. Basilv. 
 
 For Servia : 
 (Signed) Chedo Mivatovitch. 
 
 For Siam : 
 (Signed) Phva Sukia Nuvatk. 
 (Signed) Visuddha. 
 
 For the United Kingdoms of Sweileu 
 and Norway : 
 (Signed) Bildt. 
 
 For Turkey: 
 (Signed) Turkhax. 
 (Signed) Meiiemed Noury. 
 
 For Bulgaria : 
 (Signed) D. Staxcioff. 
 (Signed) Major Hessaptchieff. 
 
 [Translation.] 
 ANSEX TO THE CONVEyTIOX. 
 
 Ponr la Perse: 
 (l. s.) 3IIRZA HizA Khan, Arva-ud- 
 Dovleb. 
 Pour le Portugal : 
 
 (t. S.) COXDE DE aiACEUO. 
 
 (n. s.) Agostixho d'Orxellas de Vas- 
 
 C0XCELL08, 
 
 (l. 8.) Conde deSelir. 
 
 Pour la Uounianie: 
 (l. 8.) A. Beldimax. 
 (l. s.) J. N. Papcxiu. 
 
 Pour la Kussie : 
 (l. 8.) Staal, 
 (l. 8.) BIartexs. 
 (l. s.) A. Easily. 
 
 Pour la Serbie: 
 
 (r. S.) CllEDO JMlYATOVlTCH. 
 
 Pour le Siam : 
 (i,. s.) Phva Suria Nuvatr. 
 
 (L. 8.) VrSUDDHA. 
 
 Pour les Koyaumes Uuis de Su^de et 
 de Norvege : 
 (l. s.) Bildt. 
 Pour la Turquie: 
 
 (L. 8.) TCRKIIAX. 
 
 (l. 8,) I^Iehemed Noury. 
 
 Pour la Bulgarie ; 
 (l. s.) D. Staxcioff. 
 (l. s.) 3Iajor Hessaptchieff. 
 Certifie pour copie conforine, 
 
 Le Secritaire (icuiral (Jn Dcparte- 
 nteut den Affaires Etr<ingeres, 
 
 L. II. Rb'VSSEXAERZ. 
 
 La Uaye, le 31jain-ier 1900. 
 ANNEXE. 
 
 KEGULATIOXS RESPECTIXG THE LAWS AND RtOLEMEXT COXCERNAXT LES LOIS KT 
 CUSTOMS OF WAR OX LAXD. COl'TPMES DE LA GUERRE Sl'R TERRE. 
 
 SECTION I.— On Belligerexts. 
 
 Chapter 1. — On the QuaUjicutioiis of Bel- 
 ligerents. 
 
 Article I. 
 The laws, rights, and duties of war ap- 
 ply not only to armies, but also to militia 
 and volunteer corps, fulfilling the follow- 
 ing conditions: 
 
 1. To be commanded by a person re- 
 sponsible for his subordinates; 
 
 SECTION I.— DeS BELLIGfRAXTS, 
 
 Chapitre I. — be la qiuiUle de helliyerant. 
 
 Article 1. 
 
 Les lois, les droits et les devoirs de la 
 guerre ne s'appliquent pas seulement a 
 Tarmee, mais encore au.v milices et aux 
 coi-ps de volontaires reunissaut les condi- 
 tions suivantes: 
 
 1. d'avoir a leur tete une personne re- 
 sponsable pour ses subordonnes; 
 
10 
 
 2. To have a fixed distinctive emblem 
 recognizable at a distance; 
 
 3. To cany arms openly; and 
 
 4. To conduct their operations in ac- 
 cordance with the laws and customs of 
 war. 
 
 In countries where militia or volunteer 
 corps constitute the army, or form part of 
 it, they are included under the denomina- 
 tion "army." 
 
 Article II. 
 
 The population of a territory which has 
 not been occupied who, on the enemy's 
 approach, spontaneously take up arms to 
 resist the invading troops, without having 
 time to organize themselves in accordance 
 with Article I, shall be regarded a bellig- 
 erent, if they i-espect the laws and cus- 
 toms of war. 
 
 2. d'avoir un signe distinctif fixe et 
 recounaissable k distance; 
 
 3. de porter les amies ouvertement et 
 
 4. de se conformer dans leurs opera- 
 tions aux lois et couturaes de la guerre. 
 
 Dans les pays ou les milices ou des 
 corps de volontaires constituent I'armee 
 ou en font partie, ils sont compris sous la 
 denomination cCarmCe. 
 
 Article 2. 
 
 La population d'un territoire non oc- 
 cupe qui, a I'approche del'ennemi, prend 
 spontanement les amies pour combattre 
 les troupes d'invasion sans avoir eu le 
 temps de s'organiser conformement h. 
 I'article premier, sera consideree comme 
 belligerante si elle respecte les lois et 
 coutumes de la guerre. 
 
 Article III. 
 
 Article 
 
 The armed forces of the belligerent par- Les forces armees des parties bellige- 
 ties may consist of combatants and non- rantes peuvent se composer de combat- 
 combatants. In case Of capture by the tants et de non-conibattants. En cas de 
 enemy both have a right to be treated as capture par rennemi, les uns et les autres 
 prisoners of war. ont droit au traitemeut des prisonniers 
 
 de guerre. 
 
 Ch. 
 
 M.—On Prisotiers of War. Chapitre II.— Des imsonniers de gnerre. 
 
 Article IV. 
 
 Prisoners of war are in the power of the 
 hostile Government, but not in that of 
 the indiviiluals or corps who captured 
 them. 
 
 They must be humanely treated. 
 
 All their personal belongings, except 
 arms, horses, and military papers re- 
 main their property. 
 
 Article 4. 
 
 Les prisonniers de guerre sont au pou- 
 voir du Gouvernemeut ennemi, mais non 
 des individus ou des corps qui les ont 
 captures. 
 
 lis doivent etre traites avec humanite. 
 
 Tout ce qui leur appartient personnel- 
 lenient, excepte les amies, les chevaux et 
 les papiers militaires, reste leur propriete. 
 
 Article V. 
 Prisoners of war may be interned in a 
 
 Article 5. 
 
 Les prisonniers de guerre peuvent etre 
 town, fortress, camp, or any other local- assujettis a Tinternement dans une ville, 
 ity, and bound not to go beyond certain forteresse, camp ou localite quelconque, 
 fixed limits ; but they can only be confined avec obligation de ne pas s'en eloigner au 
 as an indispensable measure of safety. dela de certaines limites determinees ; 
 
 mais ils ne peuvent etre enfermes que par 
 mesure de sfirete indispensable. 
 
11 
 
 Article VI. 
 
 The State may utilize the labor of pris- 
 oners of war according to their rank and 
 aptitude. Their tasks shall not be ex- 
 cessive, and shall have nothing to do with 
 the militn^y operations; 
 
 Prisoners may be authorized to work 
 for the Public Service, for private persons, 
 or on their own account. 
 
 Work done for the State shall be paid 
 for according to the tariffs in force for 
 soldiers of the national army emploj'ed 
 on similar tasks. 
 
 When the work is for other branches 
 of the Public Service or for private per- 
 sons, the conditions shall be settled in 
 agreement with the military authorities. 
 
 The wages of the prisoners shall go 
 towards improving their position, and the 
 balance shall be paid them at the time of 
 their release, after deducting the cost of 
 their maintenance. 
 
 Article 6. 
 
 L'Etat pent employer, comnie travail- 
 leurs, lea prisonniers de guerre, selon 
 leur grade et leurs aptitudes. Ces tra- 
 vaux ne seront pjis oxcessifs et n'auront 
 aucun rapport avec les operations de la 
 guerre. 
 
 T^s prisonniers peuvent etre autorises 
 a travailler pour le compte d'administra- 
 tions publiques ou de particuliers, ou pour 
 lour propre compte. 
 
 Les travaux faits pour I'Etat sont 
 payes d'apres les tarifs en vigueur pour les 
 militiiiresde Tarmee natiouale executant 
 les monies tmvaux. 
 
 Lorsque les travaux ont lieu poTir le 
 compte d'autres administrations publiques 
 ou pour des particuliers, les conditions en 
 sont regleesd 'accord avec rantorite mili- 
 taire. 
 
 Le salaire des prisonniers contribuera 
 a adoucir leur position, et le surplus leur 
 sera compte an moment de leur liberation, 
 sauf defalcation des frais d'entretien. 
 
 Article VII. 
 
 The Government into whose hands 
 prisoners of war have fallen is bdund to 
 maintain them. 
 
 Failing a special agreement between 
 the belligerents, prisoners of war shall be 
 treated as regards food, quarters, and 
 clothing, on the same footing as the 
 troops of the Government which has cap- 
 tured them. 
 
 Artioce VIII. 
 
 Article 7. 
 
 Le Gouvernement an pouvoir duquel 
 se trouvent les prisonniers de guerre est 
 charge de leur entretien. 
 
 A defaut d'une entente speciale entre 
 les belligerants, les prisonniers de guerre 
 seront traites, pour la nourriture, le 
 couchage et I'habillement, sur le mome 
 pied que les troupes du Gouvernement 
 qui les aura captures. 
 
 Article 8. 
 
 Prisoners of war shall be subject to the 
 laws, regulations, and orders in force in 
 the army of the State into whose hands 
 they have fallen. Any act of insubord- 
 ination warrants the adoption, as regards 
 them, of such measures of severity as 
 may be necessary. 
 
 Escaped prisoners, recaptured before 
 they have succeeded in rejoining their 
 army, or before quitting the territory 
 occupied by the army that capturetl them, 
 are liable to disciplinary punishment. 
 
 Les prisonniers de guerre seront sonmis 
 au.x lois, reglements, et ordres en vigueur 
 dans Tarmee de I'Etat an pouvoir duquel 
 ils se trouvent. Tout acte d'insubordina- 
 tion autorise, a leur egard, les mesures 
 de rigueur necessaires. 
 
 Les prisonniers evades, qui seraient 
 repris avant d'avoir pu rejoindre leur 
 armee ou avant de quitter le territoire 
 occupe par Tarmee qui les aura captures, 
 sont passibles de pefnes disciplinaires. 
 
13 
 
 Prisoners who, after succeeding in es- Les prisonniers qui, apres avoir reussi 
 caping are again taken prisoners, are not a s'evader, sont de nouveau faits prison- 
 liable to any punishment for the previous niers, ne sont passibles d'aucuue peine 
 flight. pour la fuite anterieure. 
 
 Article IX. 
 
 Every prisoner of war, if questioned, is 
 bound to declare his true name and rank, 
 and if he disregards this rule, he is liable 
 to a curtailment of the advantages ac- 
 corded to the prisoners of war of his class. 
 
 Article X. 
 
 Prisoners of war may be set at liberty 
 on parole if the laws of their country 
 authorize it, and, in such a case, they are 
 hound, on their personal honour, scrupu- 
 lously to fulfill, both as regards their 
 own Government and the Government by 
 "Whom they were made prisoners, the 
 engagements they have contracted. 
 
 In such cases, their own Government 
 shall not require of nor accept from them 
 any service incompatible with the parole 
 given. 
 
 Article XI. 
 
 A prisoner of war can not be forced to 
 accept his liberty on parole; similarly the 
 hostile Government is not obliged to as- 
 sent to the prisoner's request to be set at 
 liberty on parole. 
 
 Article XII. 
 
 .\ny prisoner of war, who is liberated 
 on parole and recaptured, bearing arms 
 against the Government to whom he had 
 pledged his honor, or against the allies of 
 that Government, forfeits his right to be 
 treated as a prisoner of war, and can be 
 brought before the Courts. 
 
 Article XIII. 
 
 Individuals who follow an army with- 
 out directly belonging to it, such as news- 
 paper correspondents and reporters, sut- 
 lers, contractors, who fall into the enemy's 
 hands, and whom the latter think fit to 
 detain, have a right to be treated as pris- 
 
 Article 9. 
 
 Chaque prisonnier de guerre est tenu 
 de declarer, s'il est interroge h ce sujet, 
 ses veritables noms et grade et, dans le 
 cas oa il enfreindrait cette regie, 11 s'ex- 
 poserait a une restriction des avantages 
 accordes aux prisonniers de guerre de sa 
 categorle. 
 
 Article 10. 
 
 Les prisonniers de guerre peuvent etre 
 mis en liberte sur parole, si les lois de 
 leur pays les y autorisent, et, en pareil 
 cas, ils sont obliges, sous la garantie de 
 leur honneur personnel, de remplir 
 scrupuleusement, tant vis-k-vis de leur 
 propre Gouvernement que vis-a-vis de 
 celui qui les a faits prisonniers, les en- 
 gagements qu'ils auraient contractes. 
 
 Dans le meme cas, leur propre Gou- 
 vernement est tenu de n'exiger ni accepter 
 d'eux aucun service coutraire a la parole 
 don nee. 
 
 Article 11. 
 
 Un prisonnier de guerre ne pent etre 
 contraint d'accepter sa liberte sur parole; 
 de meme le Gouvernement ennemi n'est 
 pas oblige d'acceder h la demande du 
 prisonnier reclamant sa mise en liberte 
 sur parole. 
 
 Article 12. 
 
 Tout prisonnier de guerre, libere sur 
 parole et repris portant les armes contre 
 le Gouvernement envers lequel il s'etait 
 engage d'honneur, ou contre les allies de 
 celui-ci, 1)0 rd le droit au traitemeut des 
 prisonniers de guerre et pent etre traduit 
 devant les tribunaux. 
 
 Article 13. 
 
 Les individus qui suivent une armee 
 sans en faire directement partie, tels que 
 les correspondants et les reporters de jour- 
 naux, les vivaudiers, les fournisseurs, qui 
 tombent au pouvoir de I'ennemi et que 
 celui-ci juge utile de detenir, ont droit au 
 
13 
 
 oners of war, provided they can produce 
 a certificate from the military authorities 
 of the army they were accompanying. 
 
 Article XIV. 
 
 A Bureau for information relative to 
 prisoners of war is instituted, on the 
 commencement of hostilities, in each of 
 the belligerent States, and, when neces- 
 sary, in the neutral countries on whose 
 territory belligerents have been received. 
 This Bureau is intended to answer all 
 inquiries about prisoners of war, and is 
 furnished by the various services con- 
 cerned with all the necessary informa- 
 tion to enable it to keep an individual 
 return for each prisoner of war. It is 
 kept informed of internments and 
 changes, as well as of admissions into 
 hospital and deaths. 
 
 It is also the duty of the Information 
 Bureau to receive and collect all objects 
 of personal use, valuables, letters, &c., 
 found on the battlefields or left by prison- 
 ers who have died in hospital or ambu- 
 lance, and to transmit them to those 
 interested. 
 
 traitement des prisonniers de guen-e, k 
 condition qu'ils soient munis d'une legiti- 
 mation de I'autorite militaire de Tarm^e 
 qu'ils accompagnaient. 
 
 Article 14. 
 
 II est constitue, des le debut des hos- 
 tilites, dans chacun des Etats belligg- 
 rants et, le cas echeant, dans les pays 
 neutres qui auront recueilli des bellige- 
 rants sur leur territoire, un Bureau de 
 renseignements sur les prisonniers de 
 guerre. Ce bureau, charge de repondre 
 k toutes les demandes qui les concement, 
 refoit des divers services compe tents 
 toutes les indications necessaires pour lui 
 permettre d'etablir une fiche individuelle 
 pour chaque prisonnier de guerre, II 
 est tenu au courant des internements et 
 des mutations, ainsi que des entrees dans 
 les hOpitaux et des deces. 
 
 Le Bureau de renseignements est egale- 
 ment charge de recueillir et de centraliser 
 tons les objets d'un usage personnel, 
 valeurs, lettres, etc., qui seront trouves 
 sur les champs de bataille ou delaisses 
 par des prisonniers deced6s dans les 
 hopitaux et ambulances, et de les trans- 
 mettre aux interesses. 
 
 Article XV. 
 
 Belief Societies for prisoners of war, 
 which are regularly constituted in ac- 
 cordance with the law of the country 
 with the object of serving as the inter- 
 mediary for chanty, shall receive from 
 the belligerents for themselves and their 
 duly accredited agents every facility, 
 within the bounds of military require- 
 ments and Administrative Eegulations, 
 for the effective accomplishment of their 
 humane task. Delegates of these Socie- 
 ties may be admitted to the places of in- 
 ternment for the distribution of relief, as 
 also to the halting places of repatriated 
 prisoners, if furnished with a personal 
 permit by the military authorities, and 
 on giving an engagement in writing to 
 comply with all their Regulations for 
 order and police. 
 
 Article 15. 
 
 Les societes de secours pour les prison- 
 niers de guerre, r^gulierement consti- 
 tuees selon la loi de leur pays et ayant 
 pour objet d'etre les intermediaires de 
 Taction charitable, recevront, de la part 
 des belligerents, pour elles et pour leurs 
 agents dument accredites, toute facilite, 
 dans les limites tracees par les necessites 
 militaires et les regies administi-atives, 
 pour accomplir efficacement leur tache 
 d'humanite. Les delegues de ces socie- 
 tes pourront etre admis k distribuer des 
 secours dans les depots d'internement, 
 ainsi qu'aux lieux d'etape des prison- 
 niers rapatri^s, moyennant une permis- 
 sion personnelle delivree par I'autoritS 
 militaire, et en prenant 1 'engagement 
 par ecrit de se soumettre k toutes les 
 mesures d'oi-dre et de police que celle-ci 
 prescrirait. 
 
14 
 
 Article XVI. 
 
 The Information Bureau shall have the 
 privilege of free postage. Letters, money 
 orders, and valuables, as well as postal 
 parcels destined for the prisoners of war 
 or dispatched by them, shall be free of 
 all postal duties both in the countries 
 of origin and destination, as well as in 
 those they pass through. 
 
 Gifts and relief in kind for prisoners of 
 war shall be admitted free of all duties of 
 entry and others, as well as of payments 
 for carriage by the Government railways. 
 
 Article 16. 
 
 Les Bureaux de . renseignements jouis- 
 sent de la franchise de port. Les lettres, 
 mandats et articles d'argent, ainsi que les 
 colis postaux destines aux prisonniers de 
 guerre ou expedies par eux, seront affran- 
 chis de toutes taxes postales, aussi bien 
 dans les pays d'origine et de destination 
 que dans les pays intermediaires. 
 
 Les dons et secours en nature destines 
 aux prisonniers de guerre seront admis 
 en franchise de tons droits d'entree et 
 autres, ainsi que des taxes de transport 
 sur les chemins de fer exploites par I'Etat. 
 
 Article XVII. 
 
 Article 17. 
 
 Officers taken prisoners may receive, if Les officiers prisonniers pourront re- 
 necessary, the full pay allowed them in cevoir le complement, s'il y a lieu, de la 
 this position by their country's regula- solde qui leur est attribuee dans cette 
 tions, the amount to be repaid by their situation par les reglements de leur 
 Government. pays, a charge de remboursement par 
 
 leur Gouvernement. 
 
 Article XVIII. 
 
 Prisoners of war shall enjoy every lati- 
 tude in the exei-cise of their religion, 
 including attendance at their own church 
 services, provided only they comply with 
 the regulations for order and police issued 
 by the military authorities. 
 
 Article 18. 
 
 Toute latitude est laissee aux prison- 
 niers de guerre pour I'exercice de leur 
 religion, y compris I'assistance aux offices 
 de leur culte, a la seule condition de se 
 confonner aux mesures d'ordre et de 
 police piescrites par I'autorite militaire. 
 
 Article XIX. 
 
 The wills of prisoners of war are re- 
 ceived or drawn up on the same conditions 
 as for soldiers of the National Army. 
 
 The same rules shall be observed re- 
 garding death certificates, as well as for 
 the burial of prisoners of war, due regard 
 being paid to their grade and rank. 
 
 Article 19. 
 
 Les testaments des prisonniers de guerre 
 sont reyus ou dresses dans les memes con- 
 ditions que pour les militaires de I'armee 
 nationale. 
 
 On suivra egalement les memes regies 
 en ce qui concerne les pieces relatives k 
 la constatation des deces, ainsi que pour 
 Tinhumation des prisonniers de guerre, 
 en tenant compte de leur grade et de lenr 
 rang. 
 
 Article XX. 
 
 After the conclusion of peace, the 
 repatriation of prisoners of war shall take 
 place as speedily as possible. 
 
 Article 20. 
 
 Apres la conclusion de la paix, le 
 rapatriement des prisonniers de guerre 
 s'eflectuera dans le plus bref delai possible. 
 
15 
 
 Chapter III. — On the Sick and Wounded. Chapitre III.— Des maludex et des blesses. 
 
 Article XXI. Article 21. 
 
 The obligations of belligerents with re- Les obligations des belligerants con- 
 gard to the sick and wounded are gov- cernant le service des malades et des 
 erned by the Geneva Convention of the blesses sont regies par la Convention de 
 22nd August, 1864, subject to any modifi- Geneve du 22 aoQt 1864, sauf les modifi- 
 cations which may be introduced into it. cations dont celle-ci pourra etre I'objet. 
 
 SECTION II.— On Hostilities. 
 
 Chapter I. — On means of injuring the En- 
 emy, Sieges, and Bombardments. 
 
 Article XXII. 
 
 The right of belligerents to adopt means 
 of injuring the enemy is not unlimited. 
 
 Article XXIII. 
 
 Besides the prohibitions provided by 
 special conventions, it is especially pro- 
 hibited — 
 
 (a.) To employ poison or poisoned 
 arms; 
 
 (b.) To kill or wound treacherously 
 individuals belonging to the hostile nation 
 or army; 
 
 (c.) To kill or wound an enemy who, 
 having laid down arms, or having no 
 longer means of defence, has surrendered 
 at discretion ; 
 
 (d.) To declare that no quarter will be 
 given; 
 
 (e.) To employ arms, projectiles, or 
 material of a nature to cause superfluous 
 injury; 
 
 (f.) To make improper use of a flag of 
 truce, the national flag, or military en- 
 signs and the enemy's uniform, as well as 
 the distinctive badges of the Geneva Con- 
 vention; 
 
 (g.) To destroy or seize the enemy's 
 property, unless such destruction or seiz- 
 ure be imperatively demanded by the 
 necessities of war. 
 
 Article XXIV. 
 
 SECTION II.— Des HosTiLiTts. 
 
 Chapitre I. — Des woyens de nuire d Ten- 
 nemi, des sieges et des bombardements. 
 
 Article 22. 
 
 Les belligerants n'ont pas un droit 
 illimite quant au choix des moyens de 
 nuire .a I'ennemi. 
 
 Article 23. 
 
 Outre les prohibitions etablies par des 
 conventions speciales, il est notamment 
 interdit : 
 
 a. d'employer du poison ou des armes 
 empoisonnees; 
 
 b. de tuer ou de blesser par trahison 
 des individus apparteiiant k la nation ou 
 h I'armee ennemie; 
 
 c. de tuer ou de blesser un ennemi qui, 
 ayant mis bas les armes ou n'ayant plus 
 les moyens de se defendre, s'est rendu k 
 discretion ; 
 
 d. de declarer qu'il ne sera pas fait de 
 quartier; 
 
 e. d'employer des armes, des projectiles 
 ou des matieres propres k causer des maux 
 superflus; 
 
 /. d'user ind&ment du pavilion parle- 
 mentaire, du pavilion national ou des 
 insignes militaires et de I'uniforme de 
 I'ennemi, ainsi que des signes distinctifs 
 de la Convention de Geneve; 
 
 (/. de detruire ou de saisir des proprie- 
 tes ennemies, sauf les cas ofi ces destruc- 
 tions ou ces saisies seraient iniperieuse- 
 ment commandees par les n^cessitfis 
 de la guerre. 
 
 Article 24. 
 
 Ruses of war and the employment of Les ruses de guerre et I'emploi des 
 
 methods necessary to obtain infonnation moyens necessaires pour se procurer des 
 
 about the enemy and the country, are renseignements sur I'ennemi et sur le 
 
 considered allowable. terrain sont consideres comme licites. 
 
16 
 
 Article XXV. 
 
 AUTICLE 25. 
 
 The attack or bombardment of towns, II est interdit d'attaquer ou de boni- 
 villages, habitations or buildings which harder des villes, villages, habitations ou 
 are not defended, is prohibited. batiments qui ne sont pas defendus. 
 
 Article XXVI. 
 
 The Commander of an attacking force, 
 before commencing a bombardment, ex- 
 cept in the case of an assault, should do 
 all he can to warn the authorities. 
 
 Article 26. 
 
 Le commandant des troupes assaillantes, 
 avant d'entreprendre le bombardement, 
 et sauf le cas d'attaquede vive force, devra 
 faire tout ce qui depend de lui pour en 
 avertir les autorites. 
 
 Article XXVII. 
 
 In sieges and bombardments all neces- 
 sary steps should be taken to spare, as far 
 as possible, edifices devoted to religion, art, 
 science, and charity, hospitals and places 
 where the sick and wounded are collected, 
 provided they are not used at the same 
 time for military purposes. 
 
 The besieged should indicate these 
 buildings or places by some particular 
 and visible signs, which should previously 
 be notified to the assailants. 
 
 Article XXVIII. 
 
 The pillage of a town or place, even 
 when taken by assault, is prohibited. 
 
 Chapter II. — On Spiea. 
 Article XXIX. 
 
 An individual can only be considered a 
 spy if, acting clandestinely or on false 
 pretences, he obtains, or seeks to obtain, 
 information in the zone of operations of a 
 belligerent, with the intention of commu- 
 nicating it to the hostile party. 
 
 Thus, soldiers not in disguise who have 
 penetrated into the zone of operations of 
 a hostile army to obtain information are 
 not considered spies. Similarly, the fol- 
 lowing are not considered spies : Soldiers 
 or civilians carrying out their mission 
 openly, charged with the delivery of 
 despatches destined either for their own 
 army or for that of the enemy. To this 
 
 Article 27. 
 
 Dans les sieges et bombardements, 
 toutes les mesures necessaires doivent 
 etre prises pour epargner, autant que 
 possible, les edifices consacres aux cultes, 
 aux arts, aux sciences et k la bienfaisance, 
 les hopitaux et les lieux de rassemblement 
 de malades et de blesses, a condition qu'ils 
 ne soient pas employes en raeme temps a 
 un but militaire. 
 
 Le devoir des assieges est de designer 
 ces edifices ou lieux de rassemblement par 
 des signes visibles speciaux qui seront 
 notifies d'avance a I'assiegeant. 
 
 Article 28. 
 
 11 est interdit de livrer an pillage meme 
 une ville ou localite prise d'assaut. 
 
 Chapitre II. — Des espions. 
 Article 29, 
 
 Ne pent etre considere comme espion 
 quo I'individu qui, agissant clandestine- 
 ment ou sous de faux pretextes, recueille 
 ou cherche a recueillir des informations 
 dans la zone d'operations d'un belligt- 
 rant, avec I'intention de les communi- 
 qu«r a la partie adverse. 
 
 Ainsi les militaires non deguises qui 
 ont penetre dans la zone d'operations de 
 I'armee ennemie, a Teffet de recueillir 
 des informations, ne sont pas consideres 
 comme espions. De meme, ne sont pas 
 consideres comme espions : les militaires 
 et les non-militaires, accomplissant ou- 
 vertement leur mission, charges de 
 transmettre de depeches destinees soit k 
 
17 
 
 class belong likewise the individuals sent 
 in balloons to deliver despatches, and gen- 
 erally to maintain communication be- 
 tween the various parts of an army or 
 a territory. 
 
 leur propre armee, soit a Tarmee enne- 
 mie. A cette categoric appartiennent 
 egalement les individus envoyes en bal- 
 lon pour transmettre les depeches, et, en 
 general, pour entretenir les communica- 
 tions entre les diverses parties d'une 
 armee ou d'un territoire. 
 
 Article XXX. 
 
 A spy taken in the act can not be pun- 
 ished without previous trial. 
 
 Article XXXI. 
 
 Article 30. 
 
 L'espion pris sur le fait ne pourra etn 
 puni sans jugement prealable. 
 
 Article 31. 
 
 A spy who, after rejoining the army to L'espion qui, ayaut rejoint I'armee a 
 which he belongs, is subsequently cap- laquelle il appartient, est capture plus 
 tured by the enemy, is treated as a pris- tard par Tennemi, est traite comme pri- 
 oner of war, and incurs no responsibility sonnier de guerre et n'encourt aucune 
 for his previous acts of espionage. responsabilite pour ses actes d'espionnage 
 
 anterieurs. 
 
 Chapter III. — On Flags of Truce. 
 
 Article XXXII. 
 
 An individual is considered as bearing 
 a flag of truce who is authorized by one 
 of the belligerents to enter into communi- 
 cation with the other, and who carries a 
 white flag. He has a right to inviola- 
 bility, as well as the trumpeter, bugler, 
 or drummer, the flag bearer, and the in- 
 terpreter who may accompany him. 
 
 Chapitre III. — Des parlementaires. 
 
 Article 32. 
 
 Est considere comme parlementaire 
 I'individu autorise par I'un des bellige- 
 rants k entrer en pourparlers avec I'autre 
 et se presentant avec le drapeau blanc, 
 II a droit k I'inviolabilite ainsi que la 
 trompette, clairon ou tambour, le porte- 
 drapeau et I'interprete qui I'accompa- 
 gneraient. 
 
 Article XXXIII. 
 
 The Chief to whom a flag of truce is 
 sent is not obliged to receive it in all cir- 
 cumstances. 
 
 He can take all steps necessary to pre- 
 vent the envoy taking advantage of his 
 mission to obtain information. 
 
 In case of abuse, he has the right to 
 detain the envoy temporarily. 
 
 Article XXXIV. 
 
 The envoy loses his rights of inviola- 
 bility if it is proved beyond doubt that he 
 has taken advantage of his privileged 
 position to provoke or commit an act of 
 treachery. 
 
 Article 33. 
 
 Le Chef auquel un parlementaire est 
 expedie n'est pas oblige de le recevoir en 
 toutes circonstances. 
 
 II peut prendre toutes les mesures 
 necessaires afin d'empecher le parlemen- 
 taire de profiter de sa mission pour se 
 reuseigner. 
 
 Hale droit, en cas d'abus, de retenir. 
 temporairement le parlementaire. 
 
 Article 34. 
 
 Le parlementaire perd ses droits d'in- 
 violabilite, s'il est prouve, d'une maniere 
 positive et irrecusable, qu'il a profite de 
 sa position privilegiee pour provoquerou 
 commettre un acte de trahison. 
 
18 
 
 Chapter IV. — On capitulations. 
 Article XXXV. 
 
 Capitulations agreed on between the 
 Contracting Parties must be in accord- 
 ance with the rules of military honour. 
 
 When once settled, they must be scru- 
 pulously observed by both the parties. 
 
 Chapter V. — On Armistices. 
 
 Article XXXVI. 
 
 An armistice suspends military opera- 
 tions by mutual agreement between the 
 belligerent parties. If its duration is not 
 fixed, the belligerent parties can resume 
 opei-ations at any time, provided always 
 the enemy is warned within the time 
 agreed upon, in accordance with the 
 terms of the armistice. 
 
 Article XXXVII. 
 
 Chapitre IV. — Des capitulations. 
 Article 35. 
 
 Les capitulations arretees entre les 
 parties contractantes doivent tenir compte 
 des regies de I'honneur militaire. 
 
 Line fois fixees, elles doivent etre scru- 
 puleusement observees par les deux 
 parties. 
 
 Chapitre V. — De Varmistice. 
 
 Article 36. 
 
 L'armistice suspend les operations de 
 guerre par un accord mutuel des parties 
 bellige rants. Si la duree n'en est pas 
 determinee, les parties belligerantes peu- 
 vent reprendre en tout temps les opera- 
 tions, pourvu toutefois que I'ennemi soit 
 averti en temps convenu, conformement 
 aux conditions de I'annistice. 
 
 Article 37. 
 
 An armistice may be general or local. L'armistice pent etre general ou local. 
 The first suspends all military operations Le premier suspend partout les oper-i- 
 of the belligerent States; the second, only tions de guerre des Etats belligerants; le 
 those between certain fractions of the second, seulement entre certaines frac- 
 belligerent armies and in a fixed radius. tions des armees belligerantes et dans un 
 
 rayon detei-mine. 
 
 Article XXXVIII. 
 
 An armistice must be notified officially, 
 and in good time, to the competent 
 authorities and the troops. Hostilities 
 are suspended immediately after the noti- 
 fication, or at a fixed date. 
 
 Article 38. 
 
 L'armistice doit etre notifie officielle- 
 ment et en temps utile aux autorites com- 
 peteutes et aux troupes. Les hostilites 
 sont suspendues immediatement apres la 
 notification ou au terme fixe. 
 
 Article XXXIX. 
 
 It is for the Contracting Parties to set- 
 tle, in the terms of the armistice, what 
 communications may be held, on the 
 theatre of war, with the population and 
 with each other. 
 
 Article XL. 
 
 Any serious violation of the armistice 
 by one of the parties gives the other 
 party the right to denounce it, and even, 
 in case of urgency, to recommence hos- 
 tilities at once. 
 
 Article 39. 
 
 II depend des parties contractantes de 
 fixer, dans les clauses de l'armistice, les 
 rapports qui pourraient avoir lieu, sur le 
 theatre de la guerre, avec les populations 
 et entre elles. 
 
 Article 40. 
 
 Toute violation grave de l'armistice, 
 par I'une des parties, donne k I'autre le 
 droit de le d^noncer et meme, en cas 
 d'urgence, de reprendre immediatement 
 les hostilites. 
 
19 
 
 Article XLI. 
 
 A violation of the terms of the armis- 
 tice by private individuals acting on 
 their own initiative, only confers the 
 right of demanding the punishment of 
 the offenders, and, if necessary, indem- 
 nity for the losses sustained. 
 
 Article 41. 
 
 La violation des clauses de rarmistice, 
 par des particuliers agissant de leur pro- 
 pre initiative, donne droit seulement a 
 r^clamer la punition des coupables et, s'il 
 y a lieu, une indemnite pour les pertes 
 eprouv^es. 
 
 SECTION III.— On Military Author- 
 ity OVER Hostile Territory. 
 
 Article XLII. 
 
 SECTION III.— De l'Autorit^ Mili- 
 
 TAIRE SIR LE TERRITOIRE DE L'ETAT 
 
 Ennemi. 
 
 Article 42. 
 
 Territory is considered occupied when Un territoire est considere comme oc- 
 
 ii is actually placed under the authority cupe lorsqu'il se trouve place de fait sous 
 
 of the hostile army. Tautorite de I'armee ennemie. 
 
 The occupation applies only to the L'occupation ne s'etend qu'aux terri- 
 
 territory where such authority is estab- toires ou cette autorite est etablie et en 
 
 lished, and in a position to assert itself. mesure de s'exercer. 
 
 Article XLIII. 
 
 The authority of the legitimate power 
 having actually passed into the hands of 
 the occupant, the latter shall take all 
 steps in his power to re-establish and in- 
 sure, as far as possible, public order and 
 safety, while respecting, unless abso- 
 lutely prevented, the laws in force in the 
 country. 
 
 Article XLIV. 
 
 Article 43. 
 
 L'autorite du pouvoir legal ayant pa8s6 
 de fait entre les mains de I'occupant, 
 celui-ci prendra toutes les mesures qui 
 dependent de lui en vue de retablir et 
 d'assurer, autant qu'il est possible, I'or- 
 dre et la vie publics en respectant, sauf 
 empechement absolu, les lois en vigueur 
 dans le pays. 
 
 Article 44. 
 
 Any compulsion of the population of 11 est interdit de forcer la population 
 
 occupied territory to take part in military d'un territoire occupe a prendre partaux 
 
 operations against its own country is operations militaires contre son propre 
 
 prohibited. pays. 
 
 Article XLV. 
 
 Article 45. 
 
 Any pressure on the population of occu- II est interdit de contraindre la popula- 
 pied territory to take the oath to the tion d'un territoire occup6 a preter ser- 
 hostile Power is prohibited. meut k la puissance ennemie. 
 
 Article XLV I. 
 
 Family honours and rights, individual 
 lives and private property, as well as re- 
 ligious convictions and liberty, must be 
 respected. 
 
 Private property can not be confiscated. 
 
 Article 46. 
 
 L'honneur et les droits de la famille, 
 la vie des individus et la propriete priv6e, 
 ainsi que les convictions religieuses et 
 Texercice des cultes, doivent etre res- 
 pectes. 
 
 La propriete privee ne pent pas etre 
 confisquee. 
 
30 
 
 Article XLVII. 
 
 Pillage is formally prohibited. 
 
 Article XLYIII. 
 
 If, in the territory occupied, the occu- 
 pant collects the taxes, dues, and tolls 
 imposed for the benefit of the State, he 
 shall do it, as far as possible, in accord- 
 ance with the rules in existence and the 
 assessment in force, and will in conse- 
 quence be bound to defray the expenses 
 of the administration of the occupied 
 territory on the same scale as that by 
 which the legitimate Government w^as 
 bound. 
 
 Article XLIX. 
 
 Article 47. 
 
 Le pillage est formellement interdit. 
 
 Article 48. 
 
 Si I'occupant preleve, dans le territoire 
 occupe, les impots, droits et peages etablis 
 au profit de I'Etat, il le fera, autant que 
 possible, d'apres les regies de I'assiette et 
 de la repartition en vigueur, et il en 
 resultera pour lui I'obligation de pourvoir 
 aux frais de I'administration du territoire 
 occupe dans la mesure ofi le Gouverne- 
 ment legal y 6tait tenu. 
 
 Article 49. 
 
 If, besides the taxes mentioned in the Si, en dehors des impots vis6s k I'article 
 
 preceding Article, the occupant levies precedent, I'occupant preleve d'autres 
 
 other money taxes in the occupied terri- contributions en argent dans le territoire 
 
 tory, this can only be for military neces- occupe, ce ue pourra etre que pour les 
 
 sities or the administration of such besoins de Tarmee ou de I'administration 
 
 territory. de ce territoire. 
 
 Article L. 
 
 No general penalty, pecuniary or oth- 
 erwise, can be inflicted on the population 
 on account of the acts of individuals for 
 which it can not be regarded as collectively 
 responsible. 
 
 Article LI. 
 
 No tax shall be collected except under 
 a written order and on the responsibility 
 of a Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 This collection shall only take place, as 
 far as possible, in accordance with the 
 rules in existence and the assessment of 
 taxes in force. 
 
 For every payment a receipt shall be 
 given to the taxpayer. 
 
 Article 50. 
 
 Aucune peine collective, pecuniaire ou 
 autre, ne pourra etre edictee contre les 
 populations a raison de faits individuels 
 dont elles ne pourraient etre considerees 
 comme solidairement responsables. 
 
 Article 51. 
 
 Aucune contribution ne sera perdue 
 qu'en vertu d'un ordre ecrit et sous la 
 responsabilite d'un general en chef. 
 
 II ne sera procede, autant qUe possible, 
 a cette perception que d'apres les regies 
 de I'assiette et de la repartition des impots 
 en vigueur. 
 
 Pour toute contribution un reyu sera 
 delivre aux contribuables. 
 
 Article LII. 
 
 Article 52. 
 
 Neither requisition in kind nor services Des requisitions en nature et des ser- 
 
 can be demanded from communes or in- vices ne pourront etre reclames des com- 
 
 habitants except for the necessities of the munes ou des habitants, que pour les 
 
 army of occupation. They must be in besoins de I'armee d'oecupation. lis se- 
 
 proportion to the resources of the country, ront en rapport avec les ressources du 
 
 and of such a nature as not to involve the pays et de telle nature qu'ils n'impliquent 
 
populatiou in the obligation of taking 
 part in military operations against their 
 country. 
 
 These requisitions and services shall 
 only be demanded on the authority of the 
 Commander in the locality occupied. 
 
 The contributions iii kind shall, as far 
 as possible, be paid for in ready money ; 
 if not, their receipt shall be acknowl- 
 edged. 
 
 Article LIII. 
 
 An army of occupation can only take 
 possession of the cash, funds, and prop- 
 erty liable to requisition belonging strictly 
 to the State, depots of arms, means of 
 transport, stores and supplies, and, gen- 
 erally, all movable property of the State 
 which may be used for military operations. 
 
 Railway plant, land telegraphs, tele- 
 phones, steamers and other ships, apart 
 from cases governed by maritime law, as 
 well as depots of arms and, genemlly, all 
 kinds of war material, even though be- 
 longing to Companies or to private . er- 
 sons, are likewise material which may 
 serve for military operations, but they 
 mu st be restored at the concl usion of peace, 
 and indemnities paid for them. 
 
 pas pour les populations Pobligation de 
 prendre part aux operations de la guerre 
 centre leur patrie. 
 
 Ces requisitions et ces services ne seront 
 reclames qu'avec I'autorisation du com- 
 mandant dans la localite occupee. 
 
 Les prestations en nature seront, autant 
 que possible, payees au comptant ; sinon, 
 elles seront constatees par des ref;us. 
 
 Article 53. 
 
 L'armee qui occupe un territoire ne 
 pourra saisir que le numeraire, les fonds 
 et les valeurs exigibles appartenant en 
 propre k I'Etat, les depots d'armes, 
 moyens de transport, magaeins et appro- 
 visionnements et, en general, toute pro- 
 priete mobiliere de I'Etat de nature a 
 servir aux operations de la guerre. 
 
 Le materiel des chemins de fer, les te- 
 legraphes de terre, les telephones, les 
 bateaux a vapeur et autres navires, en 
 dehors des cas regis par la loi maritime, 
 de meme que les depots d'armes et en ge- 
 neral toute espece de munitions de guerre, 
 meme appartenant a des societes ou a des 
 personnes privees, sont egalement des 
 moyens de nature a servir aux operations 
 de la guerre, mais devront etre restitu6s, 
 et les indemnites seront reglees a la paix. 
 
 Article LIV. 
 
 The plant of railways coming from 
 neutral States, whether the property of 
 those States, or of Companies, or of private 
 persons, shall be sent back to them as 
 soon as possible. 
 
 Article 54. 
 
 Le materiel des chemins de fer prove- 
 nant d'Elats neutres, qu'il appartieunea 
 ces Etats ou a des societes ou personnes 
 privees, leur sera reuvoye aussitot que 
 possible. 
 
 Article LV. 
 
 The occupying State shall only be re- 
 garded as administrator and usufructuary 
 of the public buildings, real property, 
 forests, and agricultural works belonging 
 to the horftile State, and situated in the 
 occupied country. It must protect the 
 capital of these properties, and administer 
 it according to the rules of usufruct. 
 
 .\rticle 55. 
 
 L'Etat occupant ne se considerera que 
 comme administrateur et usufruitier des 
 edifices publics, immeubles, forets et ex- 
 ploitations agricoles appartenant a I'Etat 
 ennemi et se trouvant dans le pays occupe. 
 II devra sauvegarder le fond de ces pro- 
 prietes et les administrer couformement 
 aux regies de I'usufruit. 
 
23 
 
 Article LVI. 
 
 The property of the communes, that of 
 religious, charitable, and educational in- 
 stitutions, and those of arts and science, 
 even when State propertj', shall be treated 
 as private property. 
 
 All seizure of, and destruction, or in- 
 tentional damage done to such institu- 
 tions, to historical monuments, works of 
 art or science, is prohibited, and should 
 be made the subject of proceedings. 
 
 SECTION IV.— On the Internment of 
 Belligerents and the Care of the 
 Wounded in Neutral Countries. 
 
 Article 56. 
 
 Les biens des communes, ceux des eta- 
 blissements consacres aux cultes, a la 
 charite et a Tinstruction, aux arts et aux 
 sciences, meme appartenant a I'Etat, 
 seront traites comme la propriete privee. 
 
 Toute saisie, destruction ou degrada- 
 tion intentionnelle de semblables eta- 
 blissements, de monuments historiques, 
 d'oeuvres d'art et de science, est interdite 
 ot doit etre poursuivie. 
 
 SECTION IV.— Des Belligkrants In- 
 
 TERNfiS ET DES BlESSLS S01Gn£s CHEZ 
 LES NeUTRES. 
 
 Article LVII. 
 
 A neutral Stat« which receives in its 
 territory troops belonging to the belliger- 
 ent armies shall intern them, as far as 
 possible, "at a distance from the theater of 
 war. 
 
 It can keep them in camps, and even 
 confine them in fortresses or locations 
 assigned for this purpose. 
 
 It shall decide whether officers may be 
 left at liberty on giving their parole that 
 they will not leave the neutral territory 
 without authorization. 
 
 Article 57. 
 
 L'Etat neutre qui re9oit sur son terri- 
 toire des troupes appartenant aux armees 
 belligerantes, les internera, autant que 
 possible, loin du theatre de la guerre. 
 
 II pourra les garder dans des camps, et 
 meme les enfermer dans les forteresses ou 
 dans des lieux appropri6s k cet effet. 
 
 II decidera si les offlciers peuvent etre 
 laisses libres en prenant I'engagement 
 sur parole de ne pas quitter le territoire 
 neutre sans autorisation. 
 
 Article LVIII. 
 
 Failing a special Convention, the neu- 
 tral State shall supply the interned with 
 the food, clothing, and relief required by 
 humanity. 
 
 At the conclusion of peace, the expenses 
 caused by the internment shall be made 
 good. 
 
 Article 58 
 
 A defaut de convention speciale, I'Etat 
 neutre fournira aux internes les vivres, 
 les habillements et les secours commandes 
 par I'humanite. 
 
 Bonification sera faite, a la paix, des 
 frais occasionnes par I'internement. 
 
 Article LIX. 
 
 A. neutral State may authorize the 
 passage through its territory of wounded 
 or sick belonging to the belligerent ar- 
 mies, on condition that the trains bring- 
 ing them shall carry neither combatants 
 nor war material. In such a case, the 
 neutral State is bound to adopt such 
 measures of safety and control as may be 
 necessary for the purpose. 
 
 Article 59. 
 
 L'Etat neutre pourra autoriser le pas- 
 sage sur son territoire des blesses ou ma- 
 lades appartenant aux armees bellige- 
 rantes, sous la reserve que les trains qui 
 les ameneront ne transporteront ni per- 
 sonnel ni materiel de guerre. En pareil 
 cas, I'Etat neutre est tenu de prendre 
 les mesures de sftrete et de controle 
 necessaires a cet effet. 
 
23 
 
 Wounded and sick brought under these Les blesses ou malades anienes dans ces 
 
 conditions into ueutml territorj' by one conditions sur le territoire neutre par uu 
 
 of the belligerents, and belonging to the des belligerants, et qui appartiendraient 
 
 hostile party, must be guarded by the a la partie adverse, devront Ctre gardes 
 
 neutral State, so as to insure their not par I'Etat neutre, de uianiere qu'ils ne 
 
 taking part again in the military opera- puissent de nouveau prendre part aux 
 
 tious. The same duty shall devolve on operations de la guerre. Celui-ci aura 
 
 the neutral State with regard to wounded les raenies devoirs quant aux blesses ou 
 
 or sick of the other army who may be malades de Tautre armee qui lui seraient 
 
 committed to its care. confies. 
 
 Article LX. Article 60. 
 
 The Geneva Convention applies to sick La Convention de Geneve s'applique 
 and wounded interned in neutral terri- aux malades et aux blesses internes sur 
 ritory. territoire neutre. 
 
 And whei-eas the said Convention was duly ratified by the Government of the 
 United States of America, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate thereof, 
 and by the Governments of the other Powers aforesaid, with the exception of Sweden 
 and Norway, and Turkey; 
 
 And whereas, in pursuance of the stipulations of Article III of the said Convention, 
 the i-atifications of the said Convention were deposited at The Hague on the 4th day 
 of September, 1900, by the Plenipotentiaries of the Governments of Germany, Austria- 
 Hungary, Belgium, Denmark, Spain, France, Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, 
 Persia, Portugal, Koumania, Russia, Siam, and Bulgaria ; on the 6th day of October, 
 1900, by the Plenipotentiary of the Government of Japan ; on the 16th day of October, 
 1900, by the Plenipotentiary of the Government of Montenegro ; on the 4th day of 
 April, 1901, by the Plenipotentiary of the Government of Greece ; on the 17th day 
 of April, 1901, by the Plenipotentiary of the Government of Mexico; on the 11th 
 day of May, 1901, by the Plenipotentiary of the Government of Servia, and on the 
 12th day of July, 1901, by the Plenipotentiary of the Government of Luxemburg, 
 and on the 5th day of April, 1902, by the Plenipotentiary of the Government of 
 the United States of America : 
 
 Now, therefore, be it known that I, Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United 
 States of America, have caused the said Convention to be made public, to the end 
 that the same and every clause thereof may be observed and fulfilled with good faith 
 by the United States and the citizens thereof. 
 
 In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United 
 States to be affixed. 
 
 Done at the City of Washington this eleventh day of April, in the year of our Lord 
 
 P -■ one thousand nine hundred and two, and of the Independence of the 
 
 United States the one hundred and twenty-sixth. 
 
 Theodore Roosevelt. 
 
 By the President : 
 
 David J. Hill, 
 
 Acting Hecretanj of State. 
 
 By COMMAND OF Lieutenant-General Miles: 
 
 GEO. ANDREWS, 
 Acting Adjutant General. 
 
14 DAY USE 
 
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