LIBRARY 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. 
 
 GIFT OF 
 
 a- 
 
 
 
 Class 
 
UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF 
 
REV. JOHN SCULLY, S.J. 
 
 i4TH PRESIDENT. 
 
H 
 
 of 
 
 St John's College, ]f orbbam, 1FI 
 
 XV 
 
 Gbomas (Saffnes Eaaffe, B.B. 
 
 h 
 
 lork 
 
 TTbe Catbolfc publtcatfon Society Co* 
 
 12 Bast I7tb Street 
 
 3LonDon: Burns atcs, XimiteD 
 
 1891 
 
CO 
 THE REVEREND JOHN SCULLY, S.J. 
 
 PRESIDENT OP ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE, FOBDHAM, N. Y. 
 THIS VOLUME IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED. 
 
 118328 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 To my mind an introduction to a book of this nature 
 seems hardly necessary. It should introduce itself. I 
 will say, however, that in preparing this work I have 
 endeavored to place before my readers, in an entertain- 
 ing manner, such matter connected with St. John's as 
 appeared to me to be of historic value or interest. If 
 I have succeeded in holding their attention through a 
 perusal of my book, I shall feel that my labor has not 
 been in vain. 
 
 I take this opportunity of expressing my gratitude to 
 those who have assisted me in the prosecution of this 
 work. My thanks are due in an especial manner to the 
 Reverend John Scully, S.J., president of St. John's 
 College, Fordham, and the Reverend Joseph Zwinge, 
 S.J., also of St. John's ; to the Reverend P. F. Dealy, 
 S. J. ; Mr. J. J. Costello, of Cayuga, N. Y. ; General 
 Martin T. McMahon, General James R. O'Beirne, Mr. 
 Joseph Kinney, Mr. Charles M. Walcott, of the Lyceum 
 Theatre Company, New York; Professor J. F. Ed- 
 wards, of Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, Ind. ; 
 Mr. Edward C. O'Brien, Secretary of the Alumni As- 
 sociation, and Dr. James N. Butler. 
 
 THE AUTHOR. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 OHAPTEB I. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 FORDHAM COLLEGE OF TO-DAY, . 1 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 THE OLD ROSE HILL MANOR, . 17 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 ARCHBISHOP HUGHES, 30 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 THE FOUNDING OF THE COLLEGE TO THE ADVENT OF THE JESUITS, 49 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 ST. MART'S COLLEGE, KENTUCKY, 60 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 ACCESSION OF THE JESUITS AND INTRODUCTION OF THK.IK PLAN OF 
 
 STUDD3S, 69 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 PRESIDENCY OF FATHER THEBAUD, 76 
 
 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 FATHER LARKIN AS PRESDDENT, ... 86 
 
viii CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTEE IX. 
 
 ; TELLIEB. BET 
 BAUD. FATHERS DOUCET AND TISSOT, 94 
 
 PAGE 
 
 ST. JOHN'S UNDER FATHER TELLIEB. EETURN OF FATHER THE- 
 
 CHAPTEK X. 
 
 FATHER MOYLAN. FATHER SHEA. FATHER GOCKELN, . . . 102 
 
 CHAPTEE XI. 
 FATHER DEALY. FATHER CAMPBELL. FATHER SCULLY, . . Ill 
 
 CHAPTEE XII. 
 THE CADETS, 123 
 
 CHAPTEE XIII. 
 
 THE COLLEGE SOCEETIES. THE PARTHENIAN SODALITY. THE HIS- 
 TORICAL AND DEBATING SOCIETIES. THE ALUMNI ASSOCIA- 
 TION, 129 
 
 CHAPTEE XTV. 
 
 THE DRAMATIC ASSOCIATION. JOURNALISM AT FORDHAM. ATH- 
 LETICS. CONCLUSION, 138 
 
 APPENDIX, 147 
 
THE 
 
 ( UNIVERSITY J 
 
 &UFORH& 
 
 A HISTORY 
 
 OP 
 
 ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE, 
 
 FOKDHAM. 
 
 CHAPTEE I. 
 
 FORDHAM COLLEGE OF TO-DAY. 
 
 THE first half-century of the brilliant and successful 
 career of Fordham College is now complete. The 24th 
 day of June, 1891, finds that institution fifty years 
 old, and the occasion has been befittingly commem- 
 orated by the erection on the college lawn of a hand- 
 some bronze statue of the illustrious founder of the 
 college, the late Archbishop John Hughes, of New 
 York. The statue is the gift of the Alumni Associa- 
 tion, and other friends of the college. It is the work 
 of the well-known sculptor, William Eudolf O'Don- 
 ovan, and is in every respect worthy of that conscien- 
 tious artist. It represents the Archbishop, clad in his 
 episcopal robes, book in hand, in the act of delivering 
 an address. The pose is easy, natural, and dignified, 
 and the long cloak, falling in graceful folds from the 
 shoulders, effectively sets off the commanding figure. 
 
A HISTOEY OF FORDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 The statue is eight feet two inches high, and is mounted 
 on a granite pedestal, bearing the following inscription : 
 
 IOANNI HVGHES 
 NEO EBOEACENSIVM ARCHIEPISCOPO 
 
 FORDHAMENSIS LYCEI AVCTORI 
 ALVMNORVM - COETVS AMICI BENEMERENTES 
 
 AERE COLLATO 
 
 EXIMIO BONARVM ARTIVM FAVTORI 
 PRAECLARE DE RELIGIONE MERITO 
 
 POSVERVNT 
 
 VIII . KAL - IVL MDCXXXXI 
 ANNO L A LYCEO CONDITO 
 
 The total height of the monument is eighteen feet 
 nine inches. 
 
 Fordham College of to-day is indeed a beautiful 
 place, but to one who, in addition to its natural beau- 
 ties, finds every foot of ground, every rock and tree, 
 every nook and corner of its time-stained walls remin- 
 iscent of some little incident of the happy days of long 
 ago, it becomes a veritable Arcadia. What old stu- 
 dent, returning, can gaze on the familiar scenes without 
 a pang of regret for the days that are no more, and the 
 pleasures and companions that, alike, are but mem- 
 ories of a dim, uncertain past. 
 
 But apart from the charm it possesses in the eyes of 
 its loving children, Fordham stands pre-eminent among 
 institutions of its kind for the picturesqueness of its 
 surroundings, unrivalled in the beauty of its grounds. 
 Less than a dozen miles from the heart of the great 
 metropolis, it might be leagues away from the " busy 
 
FORDHAM COLLEGE OF TO-DAY. 
 
 hum of men," such is the peace and quietude that per- 
 vade the spot. 
 
 A half -hour's ride from the Grand Central Depot, 
 New York, on the Harlem Railroad, or forty-five min- 
 utes by the Third Avenue and Suburban Elevated 
 Roads, will bring you to Fordham ; and less than a hun- 
 dred paces from either depot are the high iron gates 
 and massive pillars that mark the entrance to Fordham 
 College. To the right of the entrance stands the gate- 
 keeper's lodge, a pretty little cottage of granite and 
 marble jset among beds of bright-colored flowers and 
 well-kept plots of grass, and with its pointed gables 
 and narrow windows peeping out from the foliage of 
 the overhanging trees. Straight ahead lies a handsome 
 driveway and, dimly seen through the trees on the right, 
 are the college buildings. 
 
 A few yards from the gate the broad drive separates 
 into two avenues which run almost parallel for a short 
 distance and then gradually diverge, one sweeping 
 around to the left, on the edge of a little bluff over- 
 looking the railroad ; the other, the approach to the 
 college proper, winding its sinuous way up a gentle in- 
 cline on the right to the main entrance of the college, 
 and both meeting on the brow of the little hill to com- 
 plete the circuit of the lawn. 
 
 Rows of magnificent elms border both avenues, arch- 
 ing overhead and mingling their branches to cast a wel- 
 come shade on the road beneath. What memories do 
 these elms call up in the mind of every old Fordham 
 student ! The first objects to greet him coming ; the 
 last to wave him a stately farewell. What old stu- 
 dent, returning, does not gaze with admiration on their 
 towering forms, their spreading branches, and the high- 
 
A HISTORY OF FORDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 bred courtesy with which they seem to bow their wel- 
 come.* 
 
 Following the road to the right, you pass for fifty 
 or a hundred yards in a direct line, catching an occa- 
 sional glimpse of massive granite building or gilded 
 cross partly seen through the swaying branches, until 
 an abrupt turn in the avenue brings you at once into 
 full view of the college buildings. Directly across the 
 lawn, to the extreme left, stands a square, imposing 
 structure, furrowed and grizzled by years of exposure, 
 with its latticed windows, its massive buttresses, and 
 its unmistakable air of antiquity. It is the building 
 formerly occupied by St. Joseph's Theological Semi- 
 nary, but now used as a preparatory school for young 
 boys, under the name of St. John's Hall. Adjoining 
 the Hall is the little college church of Our Lady of 
 Mercy, the use of which has been given to the people 
 of the vicinity, and whose windows are said to be the 
 first stained windows ever imported to this country. 
 
 Further on to the right you catch the sheen of sun 
 on a hothouse roof, that peeps up from the green of a 
 garden half -hidden from view, by that most ancient of 
 Fordham relics, the infirmary. This is the original 
 Rose Hill manor house, a plain, old-fashioned two-story 
 wooden house that had weathered many a storm, and 
 was drifting into a ripe old age when our republic was 
 gasping and struggling for its first breath. Further to 
 the right, and to the rear, the out-buildings, farm-houses, 
 
 * For many years a tradition has obtained at Fordham that the seed of these 
 elms was brought from Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh, Scotland, by Lord Stir- 
 ling, whose daughter, Lady Mary Alexander, the wife of Kobert Watts, lived 
 in the old Hose Hill mansion, now the Infirmary, during the Revolutionary 
 War. This, however, is not probable, as the trees could not have attained their 
 present size in that length of time. 
 
fTBRAftT" 
 
 ^ F THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF 
 
 *LI 
 
FOKDHAM COLLEGE OF TO-DAY. 
 
 and servants' quarters are dimly seen, and as your gaze 
 follows the bend in the road it falls full on the main 
 entrance, the central building, the Eose Hill manor 
 house of a later date, with its long brick wings and 
 white observatory, and over whose roof can be seen the 
 towering granite walls of the more modern buildings. 
 
 In front of this venerable pile the statue to the 
 founder of the college is erected. On the highest point 
 of the grounds if stands, facing the gate and the oppo- 
 site hills, with the lawn sloping gracefully down from 
 its pedestal to the railroad bed below. 
 
 A hundred yards further up the avenue another turn 
 discloses a group of buildings until now hidden by 
 the trees. Here is the latest instance of the rapid 
 growth of St. John's during recent years, for some of 
 these buildings are almost fresh from the mason's hands. 
 To the right you see the slated roof and tapering 
 chimney of Science Hall ; to the left, barely seen over 
 the roofs of intervening houses, is the new Juniors' 
 Hall ; and before you, set back a short distance from 
 the roadway, is a tall, imposing structure that has not 
 yet passed from the builder's hands. This is the new 
 Faculty building, and is to contain, besides the rooms 
 of the professors, the students' chapel, and refectories 
 for both the students and the community. Like all 
 the buildings erected since the experiment on the gate- 
 keeper's lodge, it is of granite, faced with marble, with 
 a graceful marble portico shading the entrance. It 
 has four stories and a mansard roof, surmounted by a 
 dome and a twelve-foot cross. 
 
 A year ago ground had not been broken for this 
 handsome edifice, and the old First Division building, 
 or Seniors' Hall, with its rough, unfinished wall, was a 
 
A HISTOEY OF FOKDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 familiar sight to every visitor at Fordhain. The Se- 
 niors' Hall was erected in 1865, but the end facing the 
 lawn was kept in a rough, unfinished state, as an ex- 
 tension at that point was contemplated. Something 
 interfered with the plans, however, and for over twenty 
 years that eccentric-looking wall stared in the face of 
 the visitor. The Faculty building joining the Hall at 
 right angles, has at last come to take the place of the 
 long-promised extension, and now the original building 
 is almost entirely hidden from the observer on the 
 lawn. 
 
 The interior of the new building is not yet complete, 
 and we can therefore give but a rough description of 
 it. A hallway will connect the entrance with the older 
 building, and the chapel will be at the left or north 
 end. It will occupy the first and second stories for 
 about eighty-three feet. In the southern end on the first 
 and second floors, corresponding to the house of wor- 
 ship, will be the two refectories, and the three stories 
 above will be occupied by the professors. 
 
 Passing from the contemplation of this latest addi- 
 tion, beautiful and proud in its new-born strength, 
 twenty paces will bring you to the grizzled front of the 
 main entrance, the grand old building about which the 
 college has grown and developed in the last fifty years. 
 Here is the cradle of Fordham College. Here, in its 
 struggling infancy, it was nursed and tended until it 
 grew beyond the limits of those four massive walls. 
 Built of rough-hewn rock, but built so stoutly and so 
 well as to defy for centuries the onslaughts of wind 
 and storm, this building is a fitting type of him to 
 whose zeal and energy the institution owes its exist- 
 ence. A flight of well-worn marble steps, flanked by 
 
FOKDHAM COLLEGE OF TO-DAY. 
 
 two urns filled with flowers and creeping plants, leads 
 up to the broad entrance, and a portico upheld by 
 massive marble pillars adds to the air of imposing 
 grandeur that characterizes the old building.* 
 
 Rising above the broad flat roof is the observatory, 
 surmounted by the old clock whose well-known face 
 has recorded the passing of time, day after day, year 
 after year, longer than the oldest Pordhamite can tell, 
 and the familiar notes of whose mournful chime have 
 rung in the ears of Fordham students for the last 
 forty-five years. The old clock came to Fordham in 
 1846, with the Jesuits from Kentucky. It had come 
 originally from Fribourg, Switzerland, whence it was 
 brought to Amiens, France. In 1841 it was trans- 
 ported to Mount Mary, Kentucky, and then to Ford- 
 ham in 1846. Many a holy religious long ago laid at 
 rest has responded to its plaintive call to matins or 
 vespers, and many a wrinkled visage smiles on its cold, 
 expressionless face as on the face of an old, familiar 
 friend. 
 
 From the steps looking across the lawn a magnificent 
 view is obtained. Directly opposite, Fordham Heights, 
 famous in Revolutionary history, rise, dotted here and 
 there with gabled cottages or bits of dusty road peep- 
 ing out from the luxuriant foliage, while away in the 
 dim, uncertain distance a thin blue haze marks the 
 course of the far-off Hudson. There, seemingly with- 
 in a stone's throw, is the little knoll where brooded the 
 gloomy genius of the unhappy Poe. On the edge of a 
 
 * Until 1885 or 1886, a venerable willow-tree stood opposite the entrance to 
 this building, How long it had stood there no one could tell, but it was old 
 and weather-beaten when the college was opened. It had long stood, disman- 
 tled of its branches, and was removed only to avert the danger of its falling. 
 
A HISTORY OF FORDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 bluff that commands a view of the surrounding country 
 as far as the sparkling waters of Long Island Sound, 
 in a spot whose poetic surroundings would charm the 
 most obdurate muse, stands the modest little cottage 
 where he lived his sad and fateful life. A short dis- 
 tance back from the old Kingsbridge road that winds 
 up the toilsome ascent of Fordham Heights, it stands, 
 half -hidden among the leaves of a group of apple and 
 cherry trees. Unchanged it stands, as it stood when 
 its unfortunate owner struggled so manfully beneath 
 its roof, for many a long year, with the unrelenting foe 
 to whose attacks he succumbed at last. 
 
 But the poetic beauty of this spot is a thing of the 
 past. Mammon now holds sway where once Apollo 
 reigned; that vandal, Modern Improvement, has 
 seized upon that charming bit of Arcadia, and now the 
 sounds of hammer and trowel drown the last sweet 
 plaint of poor Poe's heartbroken muse. Unsightly 
 buildings, beautiful according to the taste of an age of 
 Philistines, now disfigure the once picturesque spot, 
 and unless some generous patron of letters interferes to 
 preserve this last relic, a few years hence will see not a 
 vestige even of the little cottage itself. 
 
 But to return to the college. Turning from the con- 
 templation of the magnificent view, you continue the 
 ascent of the marble steps and pass through the wide 
 doorway into the lofty tiled hall. To the right, 
 occupying the entire depth of the building, is the 
 reception-room, a handsome apartment richly furnished 
 and hung with some choice old paintings. On the left 
 are the offices of the president and treasurer, and 
 a broad staircase leading to the Sodality chapel, and 
 connecting with the upper floors of the wings. A pas- 
 
FOKDHAM COLLEGE OF TO-DAY. 
 
 sage here leads to the students' refectory, which oc- 
 cupies the ground floor of the north wing. 
 
 The refectory is a handsome room about seventy- 
 five feet long, the walls and ceiling frescoed with em- 
 blematic and ornamental designs, and lighted by long 
 windows opening at one side on the lawn, at the other 
 on the recreation grounds. The corresponding floor 
 in the south wing is used as a chapel for the students, 
 but will be converted into music rooms as soon as the 
 new chapel is ready for occupation. The floor above, 
 now occupied by the Faculty, will then become the in- 
 firmary. 
 
 Passing out through the rear door of the old build- 
 ing, you step into a long, narrow extension of three 
 stories containing the music-rooms, the porter's lodge, 
 the wardrobe, and the community library. This ex- 
 tension formerly connected with the old Second Divis- 
 ion building, which was torn down last summer. Step- 
 ping from the door at the right of this passage (for it 
 is little better than a passage), you find yourself on a 
 spot of ground which has been trodden by the feet of 
 Fordham students more, perhaps, than any other spot 
 on the college grounds. 
 
 This was once the old quadrangle, formed by the 
 building just described, the chapel, and an extension 
 that ran at right angles with the latter. Across this lit- 
 tle square, generations of students have walked to and 
 from the chapel, the refectory, the parlor, and the of- 
 fices, and, departing, have given way to others who 
 have followed in their footsteps again and again, and 
 in their turn resigned their places to others. 
 
 In the centre of this quadrangle a handsome bronze 
 statue of the Blessed Virgin was erected in 1887 to 
 
10 A HISTOEY OF FOKDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 commemorate the fiftieth anniversary of the founding 
 of the Parthenian Sodality. The sodality is older than 
 the college, having been organized at Rayville, Ky., 
 and come to Fordham with the Jesuits in 1846. 
 
 But the quadrangle is no more. Its sacred precincts 
 have been invaded by the new building, and its statue 
 has been relegated to other quarters at the end of the 
 wardrobe extension, until a suitable site can be found 
 for it. The one-story building that formed the south- 
 ern boundary has disappeared, and, with it, a landmark 
 that will be missed by many an old Fordhamite. We 
 refer to the famous " castle," the mere mention of which 
 will call up a host of delightful memories in the minds 
 of the older students. It was a plain three-story brick 
 building, joined to the chapel wing by the extension 
 just described. It had served successively as a dor- 
 mitory, office, and class-room building, as a laboratory, 
 and for several years one floor was utilized as the sanc- 
 tum sanctorum of the Fordham Monthly. But the 
 " castle," like the quadrangle, is a thing of the past ; it 
 has gone the way of all bricks and mortar, and now 
 exists only in the memory of the old-time Fordhamite. 
 
 Turning the corner of the partly finished new build- 
 ing, you come in sight of the Seniors' Hall. It is a 
 handsome building of four stories and a mansard roof , 
 and identical in style with the adjoining edifice. On 
 the ground floor are the billiard- and reading-rooms of 
 the senior division, and the gymnasium, which is also 
 used as a temporary armory and drill-room for the 
 cadets, and which is furnished with a batting-net for 
 the winter practice of the baseball team. 
 
 On the second story is the study hall. At the 
 further end of this room is the stage, whereon many a 
 
F THE 
 
 ( UNIVERSITY ] 
 
 ALiFOQ& 
 
FOKDHAM COLLEGE OF TO-DAY. 11 
 
 budding actor has ranted and mouthed and sawed the 
 air, for Fordham has a Dramatic Association almost as 
 old as the college itself. 
 
 On the two floors above the study hall are class- 
 rooms and the dormitory, and on the fifth floor, locally 
 known as " Fifth Avenue," are the rooms of the lay 
 members of the Faculty. 
 
 Some thirty or forty yards south of the Seniors' 
 Hall is Science Hall, a two-story building with a tall 
 chimney at the end, facing the lawn. This building is 
 devoted almost entirely to the scientific department. 
 On the first floor, to the left of the hall, is the labora- 
 tory of the class in Analytical Chemistry, and a lecture- 
 room for the class of Logic and Metaphysics. Opposite 
 is a handsome, spacious library for the use of the stu- 
 dents, lined with well-filled shelves and furnished with 
 tables, desks, and every facility for study and research. 
 Over the rostrum at the further end is a bas-relief of 
 His Holiness, Leo XIII. , and on either side and in 
 adjoining corners are silken banners and pennants, 
 trophies of athletic contests, while the bust of many a 
 learned sage looks down from shelf and pedestal. 
 Here, among these congenial surroundings, the Debat- 
 ing and Historical Societies hold their meetings, and 
 here, with Cicero and Demosthenes looking down on 
 them from their lofty seats and firing their souls with 
 enthusiasnij embryo orators pour forth their elo- 
 quence. 
 
 On the upper floor are the lecture-rooms for chemis- 
 try and physics, and the museum, and in the basement 
 are the engine and dynamos that supply heat and light 
 to this great institution ; for it is lighted throughout by 
 electricity and heated by steam. A tunnel connects 
 
12 A HISTORY OF FORDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 the engine-room with all the buildings, and through it 
 are made all connections for pipe and wire. 
 
 Climbing from the murky depths of the engine-room 
 into the open air, you pass again through the little 
 group of trees that separates Science Hall from the 
 Seniors' Hall, and a few steps will bring you to the 
 edge of the broad, level campus intersected by shady 
 walks, and with its two baseball diamonds on which 
 Fordham 7 s representatives in the athletic world have 
 won so many glorious victories. A cinder-track encir- 
 cles the First Division field, on which the larger dia- 
 mond is laid out, and across the field, in the furthest 
 corner, can be seen through the trees the chute of the 
 toboggan slide. 
 
 Repassing the Seniors' Hall and turning from the 
 cinder track, you cross a broad, level, though somewhat 
 dusty, court, sacred to the genius of lawn tennis, to the 
 Juniors' Hall. This is, in general outline, a counter- 
 part of its older neighbor, the Seniors', but as it has 
 yet to complete its first year of existence, it has no 
 traditions, no memories of bygone days to enhance the 
 interest of the visitor. 
 
 And here you find yourself on the confines of the 
 garden. Who that has ever visited Fordham can forget 
 that garden, with its broad boxwood hedges, its glis- 
 tening walks, and the cool, inviting shade of its arbors ? 
 What student of Fordham can ever forget the noctur- 
 nal raids on those selfsame arbors, or the stolen ram- 
 bles amid its hedge-lined walks and shady corners ? 
 
 A turn in the walk brings us to the rear of the infir- 
 mary, the most interesting building on the college 
 property. The exact date at which this old house was 
 erected we have no means of ascertaining, but that it 
 
FOEDHAM COLLEGE OF TO-DAY. 13 
 
 was old when our forefathers fought the good fight of 
 a century ago, is an undeniable fact. The old building 
 has been altered from time to time since it became the 
 property of the college ; wings have been added and 
 the interior arrangements entirely remodelled, but, in 
 spite of changes and improvements, it still bears a de- 
 lightful air of antiquity. Tradition ascribes to this 
 time-honored relic the distinction of having served 
 as General Washington's headquarters during some of 
 the manoeuvres preceding the battle of White Plains. 
 Among the many venerable trees that surround and 
 overshadow the houses is the identical tree (so says 
 again infallible tradition) to which the Father of his 
 Country tied his horse on dismounting. It is believed 
 by a great many that this old manor house is the build- 
 ing in and about which the principal incidents described 
 in Fenimore Cooper's novel, " The Spy," took place. 
 
 Emerging from the front door of this historic Kttle 
 house you find yourself once more looking out over the 
 lawn toward Fordham. To the left, a short distance 
 away, is the main entrance, and before you, a little to 
 your right, is the group of venerable trees beneath whose 
 spreading branches generations of students have de- 
 livered their valedictories and received their diplomas. 
 For the commencement exercises are held in the open 
 air, a tent being spread under the trees and a temporary 
 platform erected for the speakers. 
 
 And now, turning your steps to the right, after a 
 brief interval of flagged walk bordered by garden fence 
 and shrubbery, you come to the most charming spot 
 in this collection of noble buildings and picturesque 
 surroundings. St. John's Hall, the preparatory school 
 for small boys attached to the college, is situated at the 
 
14: A HISTORY OF FORDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 extreme northwest of the college grounds, and farthest 
 of any of the departments from the central building. 
 Adjoining it is the parish church of Fordham, the 
 Church of Our Lady of Mercy. Church and Hall were 
 built in 1845 by Archbishop Hughes, the latter as a 
 seminary for the education of priests for the diocese of 
 New York, and the former as the seminary chapel. 
 Both buildings are of stone quarried on the college 
 property, but different from that used in the other 
 buildings. 
 
 The church is a handsome little edifice Gothic in 
 architecture, with its walls and the arches of its ceiling 
 handsomely frescoed and lighted by six magnificent 
 windows. These represent the four evangelists and 
 Saints Peter and Paul. 
 
 The Hall is an imposing structure, the massive 
 arched entrance, the old-fashioned latticed windows, 
 the vine-covered walls, all combining to produce an ef- 
 fect at once grand and impressive. The seminary was 
 moved in 1860 to Troy, N. Y., and the buildings sold 
 to the college authorities, for what was a good sum in 
 those days. For a long time the Hall was little used, 
 the classes of Chemistry and Physics alone being held 
 there, but in 1885, under the presidency of Father 
 Dealy, it was thoroughly overhauled and fitted up to 
 fill the requirements of the preparatory school. 
 
 In front of it is a small piece of ground, tastefully 
 laid out, shaded by noble trees and cooled by the spray 
 from a handsome fountain, and with gravel walks 
 winding among plots of grass and beds of flowers. 
 From front to rear of the building runs a broad hall- 
 way. On either side and on the floors above are the 
 study hall, class-rooms, and dormitories, and in the 
 
FOKDHAM COLLEGE OF TO-DAY. 15 
 
 basement are the gymnasium and drill-room. At the 
 rear, fronting the railroad, is the boy's playground. 
 Two handsome terraces, banked with well-kept grass 
 and ornamented with rows of spreading trees shading 
 gravel walks, extend for a distance of fifty yards, and 
 beyond stretches away the level green of the ball- 
 field. 
 
 Near the Hall, and also facing the lawn, is a square, 
 one-story stone building which I have hitherto over- 
 looked. It was built in 1840, and in it were lodged 
 the few theological students attending the seminary 
 while the latter was in course of erection. It was af- 
 terward the residence of the parish priest, and has 
 lately been thrown into one large apartment, and is 
 used for the meetings of parish societies. 
 
 Running in an easterly direction from the rear of the 
 Hall, is a narrow lane that leads down through the 
 college property, to the woods that border the pictur- 
 esque Bronx, a half-mile away. On one side are the 
 farmyard with its outhouses, the quarters of the ser- 
 vants, and the workshops, and on the other, separated 
 from the lane by a high wall, is the garden, in one cor- 
 ner of which is the little cemetery where so many of 
 the fathers and scholastics, and even some of the stu- 
 dents, sleep their last sleep. In 1890 the cemetery was 
 opened for the reception of the bodies which, until then, 
 had lain in the land sold by the college to the city for 
 the Bronx Park. Passing along this wall and between 
 the skating ponds, the lane crosses the Southern Boule- 
 vard and is lost in the woods until recently the prop- 
 erty of the college, but now forming a portion of Bronx 
 Park, having been purchased by the city for that pur- 
 pose. 
 
16 A HISTOKY OF FORDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 Such, then, is the Fordham of to-day. In fifty years 
 it has risen, in the words of Archbishop Hughes, " from 
 the condition of an unfinished house in a field to the 
 cluster of which it is now composed." From an ob- 
 scure school in a still more obscure village, it has 
 attained the position of one of the first educational 
 institutions in the country ; and another half -century, 
 it is to be hoped, will find it a flourishing university in 
 the heart of the metropolis of the western hemisphere. 
 
. \ 
 
 F THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 or 
 
 AU 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 
 THE OLD EOSE HILL MANOE. 
 
 A MORE pleasing site, or one richer in historic inter- 
 est, could not have been chosen by Bishop Hughes for 
 his college than this handsome property of Rose Hill, 
 in Westchester County. It is situated in what is, 
 perhaps, the most picturesque part of the county, a 
 region abounding in woodland scenery of infinite var- 
 iety and unsurpassed beauty. The river Bronx, cele- 
 brated in song by that famous Westchegter poet, Joseph 
 Rodman Drake, winds its sinuous way through smiling 
 fields and echoing glades, less than half a mile from 
 the college buildings ; the wooded sides of Fordham 
 Heights, dotted with cottages, rise over against the 
 college ; and away in the distance on either side, as 
 far as the eye can reach, is an ever-changing view of 
 level fields and gently undulating hills. 
 
 There is not in all the country a spot so full of 
 historic recollections, teeming as it is with reminiscences 
 of the most thrilling interest. Situated in the heart of 
 the " neutral ground " of revolutionary fame, it has 
 been the scene of many an exciting encounter in those 
 stirring times, when the cannon of the oppressor and 
 the crack of the minute-man's rifle were heard through 
 its valleys, and when " cowboy " and " skinner " roamed 
 through its unprotected, settlements, and robbed and 
 pillaged. Nor would we find our interest abated were 
 
18 A HISTOKY OF FOBDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 we to go back to that earlier day, the time of the first 
 Dutch settlers, or, peering further yet into the hidden 
 past, to that age when its virgin forests clothed hill 
 and dale, and sheltered the haunts of the savage Mo- 
 hegan. Here, in awful solitude the son of the forest 
 once sharpened his rude weapons, and kindled his daily 
 fire, or under the swaying branches took his morning 
 plunge in the limpid waters of the Bronx.* Perhaps 
 on the spot where the college now stands, burned many 
 a council fire, and tepees clustered where now the seat 
 of learning rears its walls. 
 
 Fordham, with the rest of old Westchester County, 
 was once a portion of the domain ruled by the chiefs 
 of the savage tribe of Mohegans. In 1639, two hun- 
 dred years before the purchase of the Rose Hill estate 
 by Bishop Hughes, three Indian sachems, Fecquemeck, 
 Eechgawac, and Packanarieus, sold to the Dutch West 
 India Company the lands of Kekesheik, which included 
 all the land between the Bronx and the Harlem, and 
 as far north as the present city of Yonkers. Seven 
 years later that portion which is now known as Ford- 
 ham, together with the " Yoncker's land," then known 
 as Colen Donck, was sold to a young Dutchman named 
 Adrian Van der Donck. How long Mynheer Van der 
 Donck enjoyed his vast property we have no means of 
 ascertaining, but the records show that some few years 
 later his widow, Mary, who had in the meantime mar- 
 ried Hugh O'Neale, of Patuxent, Md., conveyed the 
 property to her brother, Elias Doughty, of Flushing, L. 
 I. Mr. Doughty, in turn, sold the land to John Archer 
 
 * On the bank of the Bronx, near what was lately the college property, is a 
 large rock, hollowed out apparently by human handiwork, which tradition * 
 declares was the bathing place of the early savage. 
 
THE OLD KOSE HILL MANOR. 19 
 
 in 1667. The deed is not a remarkable document, and 
 is not likely to be of much interest to the average 
 reader, but the confirmation of the sale by the Indian 
 chiefs, from the quaintness of its style and its many 
 peculiarities, is, we think, worthy of a place here, and 
 we therefore insert it in full. 
 
 Indian Confirmation to John Archer. 
 
 Be it known unto all men by these p'sents that upon ye 28th 
 day of Sept. in the 21st year of ye Reigne of our Sovereigne Lord 
 Charles the Second by ye Grace of God of England, Scotland, 
 France and Ireland, King Defend 1 of the faith, &c., Anno Domini 
 1669, we Tacharetht, Mometaihatim Wackha, Pimekekeh, for and 
 on ye behalfe of Ahwaroch, Achipor Maniquaes, Sachemacke, for 
 & in ye behalfe of Annetic Pownocke, for & on ye behalfe of Lys- 
 sie, & we on ye behalfe of ye rest of ye owners, for the considera- 
 tion hereafter expressed have graunted, bargained & sould, & by 
 these p'sents do hereby grant, bargaine and sell unto John Archer, 
 of Fordham, his heirs and assignes, a certaine Tract of upland and 
 meadow ground upon ye maine, beginning Westward from a cer- 
 taine place by ye Indians comonly called Muscota, so it goes to an- 
 other place called by them Gowahasuasiug & from thence round 
 about ye kill called Papiriniman, & so to rune into Harlem Kyver 
 at ye Hook called Saperewack, from thence it reacheth South East 
 to ye place called Achquechgenom, and from thence it reacheth 
 alongst Bronck's * Kyver to Cowangough, so on to Sachkerah, and 
 so to the first place Muscota, so that from Muscota to Sackerath it 
 runs upon a straight east lyne to Bronck's Kyver & from Sapere- 
 wack to Achquechgenom, South East by ye said ryver all w ch tract 
 of land, as is before described here, the aforesaid Indians on the 
 behalfe of ourselves, those that have entrusted us and our associ- 
 ates have sould unto ye said John Archer his heirs & assignes for & 
 in consid. of 13 coats of Duffells, one halfe anchor of Rume, 2 cans 
 of Brandy, wine w th several other small matters to ye value of 60 
 guilders wampum. All which we acknowledge to have received of 
 
 * This name is spelled variously : Bronx, Brunx, Bronck's, Bronk's, 
 Brunck's or Bronkx. Bronx is now the accepted spelling. 
 
20 A HISTOEY OF FOEDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 him the said John Archer before the ensealmg & delivery of these 
 pr'sents in full satisfaction for ye land afore men. Corned the 
 w ch we doe hereby resigne and make over unto ye s d John Archer, 
 his heirs and assignes w th all our right title and interest thereunto, 
 as also those that have entrusted any of us o' r & associates to have 
 & to hould the s d tract of land and premises unto ye s d John 
 Archer, his heirs & assignes unto ye proper use and behoofe of him 
 ye s d John Archer, his heirs & assignes forever, free quit, and 
 cleare from all and any form of bargaine & sale, or any other in- 
 cumbrances by us or by any from or under us & to ye utmost of 
 o' r powers shall keep and save him the s d John Archer his heirs & 
 assignes, harmlesse in his or their quiett possession & enjoyment of 
 ye premises against any other Indian pr'tenders whatsoever. In 
 witness whereof we have hereunto put o' r hand & scales, ye day & 
 yeare first within wrytten. 
 
 This bargain & sale was made by ye ap- 
 probation & lycense of his Hon rs ye gov- 
 ernors between ye partyes mentioned, with 
 this Proviso that his Boyall Highness, his 
 Rights & Privileges as Lord Proprietor of 
 these his territoryes be hereby not any in- 
 fringed. 
 
 MATTHIAS NICHOLLS, Sec r , 
 
 Entered by JOHN ARCHER,* 
 March 4, 1669. 
 
 Four years after the transfer of this land by Elias 
 Doughty, Governor Francis Lovelace issued letters 
 patent granting to John Archer the manor of Fordham. 
 The new manor is described in this document, as 
 " upon the main continent, situate, lying and being to 
 the Eastward of Harlem River, near unto ye passage 
 commonly called Spiting Devil, upon which ye New 
 Dorp or Village is erected, known by the name of 
 Fordliam" f This is signed by Francis Lovelace, and 
 
 * Albany Deed Book, vol. iii., pp. 127, 128. 
 f Albany Record, vol. xxiii., 26-52. 
 
THE OLD ROSE HILL MANOR. 21 
 
 bears also the signatures of Michael Bastyensen and 
 Valentyn Claessen. This is the first time the name 
 of Fordham appears on the records of Westchester 
 County.* The original village did not occupy the 
 present site, but was situated at a point farther west, 
 on the bank of the Harlem. Farmer's Bridge now 
 crosses the river at this point, connecting the mainland 
 with Manhattan Island, and near by is the village of 
 Kingsbridge. 
 
 A few years after the granting of the manor of 
 Fordham, the little village was stirred up by an inci- 
 dent which, from certain peculiar features, is not 
 without significance to those who have observed the 
 steady growth of the Catholic Church in America, and 
 the increasing tendency toward religious toleration 
 on the part of our Protestant neighbors. It is re- 
 corded in the annals of the early colonial government, 
 that in October, 1673, on the restoration of the Dutch 
 rule, the people of the village of Fordham, through 
 Mynheer Cornelius Steenwyck, presented a petition to 
 the Governor asking that they be released from what 
 they termed the tyrannous rule of Archer, and be per- 
 mitted to elect their own magistrate. An investiga- 
 tion followed and Archer freely consented to the 
 change, whereupon the following decree was issued : 
 
 The inhabitants of the town of Fordham are hereby authorized 
 to nominate by a plurality of the votes of their town, six of the 
 best qualified persons, exclusively of the Reformed Christian Reli- 
 gion, as magistrates of said town, and to present said nomination 
 by the first opportunity to the Governor-General, from which* his 
 Honor will then make the selection ; it is also recommended them 
 
 * The name of Fordham is derived from two Saxon words, foord (a ford) 
 and Tiam (a mansion). 
 
A HISTOEY OF FOKDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 to pay attention when nominating, that the half, at least, of those 
 nominated, be of the Dutch nation. 
 Dated, New Harlem, 4th of Oct. 1673.* 
 
 According to this decree the candidates were to be 
 of " the Reformed Christian religion " only. No other 
 would be tolerated) and a Catholic candidate was a 
 thing unheard of. They would as soon admit a Cath- 
 olic to a share in the government as erect a statue of 
 Brahma or Isis in their meeting-house. The Catholic 
 was ignored, tabooed, and excluded from a share in the 
 rights and privileges accorded to his fellow-colonists. 
 And yet two hundred years later we find that very 
 town the seat of an institution for the diffusion of Cath- 
 olic doctrine, and the obscure little village, then scarcely 
 known or heard of outside of its own narrow precincts, 
 is blazoned throughout the land as the home of one of 
 the foremost Catholic colleges of the country, reflecting 
 some of the glory and renown it could never hope to 
 attain through its own merits. 
 
 But to return to the history of the town. John Archer 
 had, under date of September 18, 1669, mortgaged his 
 lands for 2,200 guilders seawant, to Cornelius Steen- 
 wyck, a merchant of New York, the same whose name 
 appears in connection with the petition for the change 
 of government at Fordham ; and on November 14, 
 1671, he gave a second mortgage for 7,000 guilders. 
 In October, 1685, John Archer was found dead in his 
 coach while on his way from Fordham to New York, 
 and the same month his son, John Archer, Jr., trans- 
 ferred the entire estate to Cornelius Steenwyck and 
 Margaretta, his wife. 
 
 In due time Mynheer Steenwyck went the way of all 
 
 * New York Col. MSS., vol. ii., p. 625. 
 
THE OLD ROSE HILL MANOR. 23 
 
 flesh, and his widow married Dominie Henricus Selyns. 
 January 10, 1694, they conveyed to " Colonel Nicholas 
 Bayard, Captain Isaac Vermilyea, Jacob Bolen Rock- 
 loyzun, and John Harpendinck, then elders and over- 
 seers of the Nether Dutch Church within the city of 
 New York, and their lawful successors and heirs and 
 posterity, the said manor of Fordham lying in the 
 county of Westchester." 
 
 About this time, or several years before, the Fordham 
 manor was parcelled out into several farms, and that 
 portion which is now the college property came into 
 the possession of the Corsa or Corser family. This farm 
 was known as Rose Hill, a name which still clings to 
 the old place, and by which the college was known in 
 its earlier years. The old Rose Hill manor-house is 
 still standing, and is used as the college infirmary. 
 The exact date of the erection of this ancient building 
 is not known, but it is certain that it was standing as 
 early as 1692, for it is recorded that in that year Ben- 
 jamin Fletcher Corsa was born there.* The Corsa 
 family owes its chief celebrity to the achievements, 
 during the revolutionary war, of Andrew Corsa, the 
 grandson of Benjamin Fletcher Corsa, and the last of 
 the famous Westchester Guides. 
 
 This unique corps was composed of a select body of 
 men to whom every foot of the " neutral ground " was 
 familiar, men of tried and proven courage and devotion 
 to the cause of liberty. They lent valuable assistance 
 to the soldiers of the American army, and on more than 
 one occasion proved themselves worthy of recognition. 
 Andrew Corsa was the youngest of these sturdy pa- 
 triots, and was born in the old homestead January 24, 
 
 * Bolton's History of Westchester County. 
 
24 A HISTOKY OF FORDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 1762. His father, Captain Isaac Corsa, had served in 
 the British army against the French and Indians, and, 
 like so many of the people of Westchester County, 
 sympathized with the English government. Notwith- 
 standing his father's pronounced views, young Corsa 
 decided to espouse the cause of liberty, and joined the 
 Westchester Guides. He died November 21, 1852, at 
 the ripe old age of ninety. 
 
 From about the birth of Andrew Corsa, in 1762, 
 until 1787, the ownership of Rose Hill is enshrouded 
 in mystery. There is no record of its sale by the Cor- 
 sas until 1787, when it was bought at auction by John 
 Watts and his wife Jane, from Benjamin Corsa. An 
 obituary notice of Andrew Corsa, which appeared in 
 the Westchester Herald, says that, at the close of the 
 war, he was obliged to " part with his father's land by 
 compulsory sale." But the purchase of the property 
 was from Benjamin Corsa. The grandfather of An- 
 drew Corsa was Benjamin Fletcher Corsa, and it is 
 possible that he was alive, though at a very advanced 
 age at the time, and that, being a royalist, his property 
 was confiscated and sold at auction. There is a tradi- 
 tion that the estate was confiscated about this time. 
 
 The manor-house, however, was not occupied by the 
 Corsa family for many years previous to the sale to 
 John Watts. They certainly lived in it in 1762, for 
 Andrew Corsa was born there in that year, but, be- 
 tween that and 1768, they, for some unknown reason, 
 vacated it. This is known from the fact that John De 
 Lancey, of Rose Hill, West Farms, was burgess of the 
 borough of Westchester in the Assembly from 1768 to 
 1772. He must have relinquished Rose Hill shortly 
 after this, for during the Revolution it was the resi- 
 
THE OLD KOSE HILL MANOR. 25 
 
 dence of Robert Watts and his wife, Lady Mary Alex- 
 ander, daughter of Major-General Lord Stirling, of the 
 American army.* What relationship Robert Watts 
 bore to John Watts, the subsequent purchaser of Rose 
 Hill, does not appear, although it is more than prob- 
 able that they were of the one family. 
 
 John De Lancey, to whom we have alluded as a 
 quondam occupant of Rose Hill, was a grandson of Eti- 
 enne De Lanci, a Huguenot who left France in 1686 
 and came to America, f Another grandson, and a 
 brother of John De Lancey, was the famous Colonel 
 James De Lancey, who distinguished himself during 
 the revolutionary war by his activity in behalf of the 
 British government. All of his family, with one or 
 two exceptions, were staunch royalists, but he was pre- 
 eminent among them for his bitter opposition to the 
 cause of the colonists. He organized the Royal Refu- 
 gee Corps, or the " Cowboys," as they were frequently 
 called. He kept a recruiting officer constantly at Mile 
 Square, between Fordham and West Farms, and the 
 outrages perpetrated by his followers on the inhabi- 
 tants of the "neutral ground" earned for him the 
 hatred and enmity of almost every resident of West- 
 Chester County. 
 
 At the close of the war the commonwealth of New 
 York, by a formal act of Legislature, withdrew from 
 him her protection, declared his estate, real and per- 
 sonal, forfeit to the people, banished him forever, and, 
 in case of his return to the State at any future time, 
 declared him thereby guilty of felony, and sentenced 
 
 * Bolton's History of Westchester County. 
 
 f On arriving in England, on his way to America, he Anglicized his name, 
 becoming Stephen De Lancey. Scharf's History of Westchester County. 
 
26 A HISTORY OF FORDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 him to death without the benefit of clergy. So cor- 
 dially was he hated by his neighbors, for his many acts 
 of depredation, that, as soon as peace was declared, 
 several individual efforts were made to seize his per- 
 son and prevent him from leaving the country.* His 
 brother, John, was more fortunate than he, for although 
 both were active Tory partisans, the property of James, 
 as we have seen, was confiscated, whereas that of John 
 was not.f Colonel James De Lancey emigrated to 
 Nova Scotia. 
 
 The Watts family, into whose possession Rose Hill 
 passed after the Revolution, was closely connected by 
 intermarriages with the De Lanceys. The Honora- 
 ble John Watts, probably the father of Colonel John 
 Watts who purchased Rose Hill, and perhaps also of 
 Robert Watts, was married to a sister of Lieutenant- 
 Governor De Lancey. Colonel John Watts, afterward 
 of Rose Hill, was married to his cousin, Jane De Lan- 
 cey, sister of John and the notorious Colonel James De 
 Lancey. In 1774 he was appointed Royal Recorder 
 of the city of New York, and was the last to hold that 
 office. From 1791 to 1798 he was Speaker in the As- 
 sembly of New York, and afterward became a Member 
 of Congress. He was the first judge of the Court of 
 Common Pleas in Westchester County, serving from 
 1802 to 1807. J 
 
 There is a tradition fondly cherished at Fordham 
 that General Washington was, on more than one occa- 
 sion, an honored guest at the Rose Hill manor-house. 
 There is no doubt that General Washington frequently 
 passed through that district while reconnoitring the 
 
 * Historical Magazine, November, 1862. 
 
 f Scharfs History of Westchester County. ^ Ibid. 
 

 WALK SKIRTING COLLEGE CAMPUS, FORDHAM. 
 
THE OLD ROSE HILL MANOR. 27 
 
 passes and defiles between Throgg's Neck, where the 
 British had effected a landing in the autumn of 1776, 
 and Fordham Heights. On one occasion, early in Oc- 
 tober, 1776, he rode over from Kingsbridge to West- 
 Chester Village, late in the afternoon,* and on the 14th 
 of the same month, " accompanied by the generals of 
 the army who were at headquarters, he visited all the 
 posts beyond Kingsbridge and the several passes and 
 roadways which led from Throgg's Neck, acquainting 
 himself, as far as he could by personal reconnoissance, 
 with the character and condition of the outlets from 
 Throgg's Neck." f 
 
 While on some of these frequent excursions, it is be- 
 lieved, he sojourned at the Rose Hill mansion. And 
 the belief is certainly well founded, for, in the first 
 place, General Stirling, the father-in-law of the ten- 
 ant of Rose Hill, was at that time with the army on 
 Fordham Heights, so that, if the Commander-in-chief 
 stopped by the way, it is more than probable that he 
 accepted the hospitality of such avowed sympathiz- 
 ers with the cause over whose destinies he presided. 
 Moreover, the only roads by which he could go from 
 the Heights to Throgg's Neck, were the Kingsbridge 
 road, which now passes close to the college gate, and 
 the Kingsbridge and Williamsbridge road, which lies 
 a mile to the north of the college, either of which 
 was within a short distance of the Rose Hill mansion. 
 
 Another tradition of revolutionary days, but one 
 which lacks the color of probability, is that concern- 
 ing the skeletons which were discovered in a mound at 
 the rear of the old seminary. They were immediately 
 pronounced the bones of soldiers who had fallen in 
 
 * Scharf s History of Westchester County. f Ibid - 
 
28 A HISTORY OF FORDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 some of the numerous skirmishes that took place in 
 that vicinity during the revolutionary war. But there 
 is nothing to confirm that belief ; on the contrary, all 
 the evidence in the case tends to contradict any such 
 opinion. The skeletons were buried at regular inter- 
 vals and in regular order, which would hardly be the 
 case with those dying on a battlefield ; there were no 
 tokens, in the way of brass buttons, buckles, sabres 
 and the like, such as would, in all probability, be found 
 in the graves of soldiers ; and finally, at the time the 
 bones were discovered, a Mr. Corsa, who lived in the 
 neighborhood, stated, it is said, that the place had been 
 used in former years as a burying-ground. 
 
 We have already told how Rose Hill passed final- 
 ly into the possession of the Watts family. It was 
 bought at auction for ,530, by Colonel John Watts, 
 who afterward transferred it to Robert Watts. The 
 latter, in his will, dated January 23, 1814, bequeathed 
 it to his son, Robert Watts, Jr., who, ten years later, 
 sold it to Henry Barclay, a nephew of John and James 
 De Lancey. From him the estate passed to Warren 
 De Lancey, and thence through the hands of several 
 owners to Elias Brevoort, who in 1836 sold it to 
 Horatio Shephard Moat, of Kings County. In 1838 
 Mr. Moat built the stone house which is now the 
 central building of the college, and in which are the 
 principal offices and the reception-room. Through Mr. 
 Andrew Carrigan, the new house, with a farm of 
 ninety-eight acres, was purchased, in 1839, by Bishop 
 Hughes, for $30,000. It cost $10,000 more to fit the 
 place to meet the requirements of an educational in- 
 stitution, and on June 24, 1841, the feast of St. John 
 the Baptist, under whose patronage the institution was 
 
THE OLD ROSE HILL MANOR. 29 
 
 placed, the college was formally opened. Reverend 
 John McCloskey, afterward Archbishop of New York, 
 and the first American to wear the cardinal's hat, was 
 installed as president. The following September 
 studies were commenced. The names of six students 
 were entered on the rolls, and the nucleus of the pres- 
 ent grand institution was firmly established. 
 
CHAPTER III. 
 
 AECHBISHOP HUGHES. 
 
 IT would seem but meagre recognition of the ser- 
 vices of Archbishop Hughes in the cause of Catholicity, 
 but more especially of Catholic education, were we to 
 dismiss him, in this work, with a mere occasional men- 
 tion. In admiring the beauty of the handiwork, we 
 must not lose sight of the hand that wrought it or the 
 mind that guided that hand. Therefore a little space 
 devoted to a biographical sketch of the illustrious pre- 
 late will not be out of place. 
 
 John Hughes was born on June 24, the feast of 
 St. John the Baptist, 1797, at Annaloghan, near 
 Augher, County Tyrone, Ireland. His father, Patrick 
 Hughes, was a small farmer, who, although in comfort- 
 able circumstances, and able to provide well for his 
 large family, was by no means affluent or wealthy. 
 A staunch Catholic, he faithfully performed his duty 
 to God and man, even under circumstances most trying 
 and unfavorable, and at a time when his native coun. 
 try was groaning under t^e weight of the penal laws. 
 Young John, who was the third of a family of seven, 
 received his early education at a little school in 
 Augher, and later attended the high school at Auch- 
 nacloss. From his earliest childhood he evinced a 
 strong desire for the priesthood. " Many a time," said 
 he in later life, "have I thrown down my rake in the 
 
ARCHBISHOP HUGHES, 
 
 FOUNDER OF THE COLLEGE. 
 
ARCHBISHOP HUGHES. 31 
 
 meadow, and kneeling behind a hayrick, begged of 
 God and the Blessed Virgin to let me become a priest." 
 He early displayed an aptitude for learning and a 
 fondness for his books that gave promise of a brilliant 
 future. But the plans of the young student and his 
 fond parents were destined to be thwarted, and their 
 dreams of the future rudely dispelled. By a train of 
 untoward circumstances, his career at school was 
 brought to an untimely end, and his hopes for a time 
 completely shattered. 
 
 The rude awakening from the gilded dreams of 
 youth, and the subsequent reverses that prevented him 
 from resuming his beloved studies, must seem to the 
 casual observer to be most unfortunate ; but when we 
 look back now and review his eventful life and the va- 
 rious influences that went to shape his course, we can- 
 not but feel that his very misfortunes were providen- 
 tial ; we cannot but see the hand of God guiding him, 
 by means of those very misfortunes, to the field of 
 labor that was awaiting him in another land. 
 
 When he had reached the age of eighteen, his father's 
 repeated losses and consequent reduced circumstances 
 forced John to leave school. Sad indeed was the part- 
 ing of the studious boy from the books which he loved 
 so well, and bitter was the thought of resigning the 
 career that his sanguine mind had already mapped out 
 for himself. But his father's needs were pressing and 
 the call of duty was imperative, so he laid aside the 
 book and the pen to follow the plough and wield the 
 pick. But he did not give up hope. His evenings, his 
 holidays (what few he had), his every spare moment 
 were devoted to his studies, and though his progress 
 was slow his enthusiasm was no whit abated. 
 
32 A HISTORY OF FORDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 It was soon made evident that lie would never be- 
 come a successful farmer. He could not adapt himself 
 to the calling, and he saw that it was folly to continue 
 to apply himself to such uncongenial work. Therefore 
 his father placed him with a friend of the family, who 
 was gardener at Favor Royal, the family seat of the 
 Moutrays, situate near the farm of Patrick Hughes. 
 There the young man was to pursue the study of horti- 
 culture. There, as when he worked at home, his every 
 spare moment was devoted to his books, and hours were 
 stolen from his rest that he might give them to study. 
 
 Strange as it may seem, study or the acquisition of 
 knowledge was not the end for which he strove. His 
 was not the nature of a scholar, a nature which followed 
 learning for learning's sake. " He was a man of action 
 rather than a man of study, and probably under no cir- 
 cumstances would he have become a profound scholar. 
 But a certain amount of scholarship was a necessary 
 qualification for the priesthood, and having made up his 
 mind to be a priest in spite of all obstacles, he shrank 
 from no labor which brought him nearer to his ob- 
 ject." * 
 
 During all this time the affairs of the Hughes fam- 
 ily were becoming steadily more complicated. One 
 misfortune followed another, until at last they decided 
 to emigrate to America, whither so many of their 
 fellow-countrymen had preceded them. Accordingly, 
 in 1816, with his second son, Patrick, the father sailed 
 for Baltimore, Md., and arriving there, proceeded to 
 Chambersburg, Franklin County, Pa., where he even- 
 tually settled. A year later the subject of this brief 
 biography followed, and after spending a short time 
 
 * Hassard's Life of Archbishop Hughes. 
 
AKCHBISHOP HUGHES. 33 
 
 with his father at Chambersburg, returned to Balti- 
 more, where his brother, in the meantime, had ob- 
 tained work. There he, too, secured employment, 
 under a gardener, with whom he worked until the 
 approach of winter rendered his further services there 
 unnecessary, and he was obliged to look elsewhere for 
 employment. He retraced his steps to Chambersburg, 
 and there for a year or more worked at anything that 
 offered in the quarries, digging ditches, making roads, 
 or anything else by which he could earn an honest 
 dollar. In August, 1818, the rest of the family ar- 
 rived from Ireland and settled in Chambersburg, 
 where, by that time, the father had acquired consider- 
 able means. 
 
 But during all this time young John had not relin- 
 quished for a moment his desire to enter the priest- 
 hood. He still fondly cherished the hope of finishing 
 his studies, and, as in Ireland, every spare moment was 
 devoted to his books. He had applied, again and 
 again, for admission to Mount St. Mary's College at 
 Emmettsburg, Md., but his efforts met with failure. 
 He had no money, but was willing to give his services 
 in any capacity in return for his education. But there 
 was no vacancy for him, and all his efforts were in 
 vain. 
 
 In the latter part of 1818, or the early months of the 
 following year, he started for Emmettsburg, determined 
 to obtain work in the village, and be on the spot to 
 seize the first opportunity that offered to gain admis- 
 sion to the college. He worked about Emmettsburg 
 until November, 1819, when the long looked-for op- 
 portunity arrived. At this time there chanced to be 
 a vacancy in the garden, and young Hughes, relying 
 
34 A HISTOKY OF FORDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 on his experience at Favor Royal, and later at Balti- 
 more, immediately applied for the position. He was 
 accepted, and an agreement was entered into between 
 him and Father Dubois,* by which, in return for his 
 services, he would receive private instruction until 
 such time as he would be sufficiently proficient to 
 enter the regular classes and teach the younger pupils. 
 Here, then, at last, was the reward for which he had 
 labored and struggled through all these years ; the 
 goal was almost reached, the dreams and ambitions of 
 a lifetime were about to be realized. 
 
 It is marvellous to note how the chain of circum- 
 stances, beginning with the first of his father's reverses, 
 seems to lead up to this important event, and that the 
 very work to which necessity obliged him to turn on 
 leaving school should afterward prove the means of 
 his entering on the career which Almighty God had re- 
 served for him in the New World. Commenting on this, 
 his biographer, Mr. Hassard, says : " In the toilsome 
 paths by which he had been led to this spot, how plain- 
 ly do we not see the hand of God ! Had not pecuniary 
 losses compelled his father to take him away from 
 school, he might have lived and died a parish priest in 
 Ireland. He would have been distinguished, it is true, 
 but distinction supposes opportunity as well as talent, 
 and Ireland afforded no field for the full display of his 
 peculiar powers. And again, had not necessity com- 
 pelled him, much against his inclination, to dig, water, 
 and weed at Favor Royal, though we cannot doubt 
 that he would have found some way of getting into the 
 priesthood for he generally did whatever he determined 
 to do he might not have got admission to Mount St 
 
 * Afterward Bishop of New York. 
 
AECHBISHOP HUGHES. 35 
 
 Mary's College; lie might never have known either 
 Mr. Dubois, or his associate, Father Brute both of 
 whom exerted a happy influence upon his early career ; 
 and so the whole current of his life might have been 
 changed." 
 
 He spent about nine months working in the garden 
 at Mount St. Mary's, and having attracted the attention 
 of Father Dubois by his diligence and the progress he 
 had made, he was admitted as a regular student, at the 
 Fall term of the following year. As we have already re- 
 marked, he was not endowed with the attributes that 
 mark the profound scholar. In the studies of rhetoric 
 and polite literature he never became distinguished, and 
 it was not until he took up philosophy and theology 
 that all his strength and power of mind were displayed 
 to advantage. He was ordained deacon in 1825, and 
 about a year later, October 15, 1826, he was elevated 
 to the priesthood by Bishop Conwell, of Philadelphia, 
 at St. Joseph's Church, in that city. Within the same 
 month his old friend and patron, Father Dubois, was 
 consecrated Bishop of New York at the cathedral in 
 Baltimore. 
 
 The newly ordained priest was assigned to the mis- 
 sion of Bedford, then a wild, rough district in the west- 
 ern part of Pennsylvania, but two years later he was 
 called to Philadelphia. The diocese at that time was 
 in a state bordering almost on disruption, owing to dis- 
 putes over the wretched trustee system of church gov- 
 ernment, and the bishop was in a constant state of strife 
 with both clergy and laity. Froin the first Father 
 Hughes was a bitter opponent of the system, and he 
 lost no opportunity to express his disapproval, both by 
 word and deed. Its final overthrow in Philadelphia 
 
36 A HISTOEY OF FOBDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 was due in no small measure to his efforts, and when 
 he was placed in charge of the New York diocese 
 one of his first acts was to have it completely crushed 
 out of existence. During the ten years he spent in 
 Philadelphia he had ample opportunity to indulge his 
 propensity for controversy, an occupation for which he 
 was peculiarly fitted. He engaged in many bitter dis- 
 putes with prominent Protestant divines, and soon 
 gained renown for the vigor and energy with which he 
 entered into these tilts, and the triumph which inevita- 
 bly crowned his efforts. 
 
 In the fall of 1829, when the question arose of ap- 
 pointing an administrator of the diocese of Philadel- 
 phia, and a probable successor to Bishop Conwell, who 
 was then unable to perform the arduous duties of that 
 office, the bishop recommended Father Hughes to the 
 Holy See, as a man eminently fitted for the position. 
 The recommendation, however, had no effect, and the 
 Reverend Francis P. Kenrick, President of the Theo- 
 logical Seminary at Bardstown, Ky., was chosen in- 
 stead. In 1833, while he was deep in his famous con- 
 troversy with the Reverend Mr. Breckenridge, he and 
 the Reverend John B. Purcell were nominated for the 
 bishopric of Cincinnati. Again he was set aside and 
 the other nominee appointed, but through a most ex- 
 traordinary circumstance a circumstance which seems 
 only to confirm one in the belief that Almighty God 
 was reserving him for a greater work. Bishop Eng- 
 land, who was then at Rome, had had several inter- 
 views with the Cardinal Prefect of the Propaganda 
 on the subject of this appointment, and one day the 
 latter said : u There are two candidates, bishop, be- 
 tween whom the Sacred Congregation is utterly at a 
 
AKCHBISHOP HUGHES. 37 
 
 loss how to decide ; these are the Reverend John 
 Hughes and the Reverend John B. Purcell. If you 
 can mention any particular, no matter how trifling, in 
 which one seems to you better qualified than the other, 
 I think a decision may be reached at once." 
 
 The bishop hesitated, for he was really perplexed. 
 At last he answered : 
 
 " There is one point, your Eminence, which may de- 
 serve to be considered. Mr. Hughes is emphatically a 
 self-made man, and perhaps he would be on that ac- 
 count more acceptable to the people of a Western dio- 
 cese than Mr. Purcell." 
 
 " Ah ! " said the cardinal, " I think that will do. 7 ' 
 
 The next day he met Bishop England again, and 
 exclaimed with an air of satisfaction : 
 
 " Well, bishop, the question is settled. As soon as 
 I told the cardinals what you said about Mr. Pur- 
 cell} 8 being a self-made man, they agreed upon him 
 unanimously, and the nomination will at once be pre- 
 sented to his Holiness for approval." 
 
 " I was about to explain the mistake," said Bishop 
 England, afterward, " but I reflected that it was no 
 doubt the work of the Spirit of God, and was silent." 
 
 The cardinal never knew of his blunder.* To us, 
 looking back now on the subsequent career of this 
 great man, how full of meaning must Bishop England's 
 remark seem. The sequel has demonstrated, beyond 
 doubt, that it was indeed the work of the Holy Spirit 
 of God. Father Hughes was destined for other work. 
 
 In 1835 the appointment of several new bishops be- 
 came necessary. The growth of the Philadelphia dio- 
 cese called for the erection of a new see at Pittsburgh, 
 
 * Hassard's Life of Archbishop Hughes. 
 
38 A HISTOEY OF FORDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 and the failing health of Bishop Dubois, of New York, 
 necessitated the selection of a coadjutor. Bishop Ken- 
 rick was appointed to the see of Pittsburgh, declining 
 an invitation from Bishop Dubois to become the lat- 
 ter' s coadjutor, and Father Hughes was appointed to 
 succeed him as coadjutor to Bishop Con well, whose 
 mind had become affected by old age. Complications 
 arose, however, which prevented these appointments 
 from going into effect until the next council of Balti- 
 more. 
 
 The council met on April 16, 1837, and it was de- 
 cided then that the diocese of Philadelphia should re- 
 main intact, and Father Hughes was appointed coad- 
 jutor to Bishop Dubois. On November 3d, he received 
 formal notice that he had been chosen. The scene in 
 his church, when he announced his intention of accept- 
 ing the appointment, is described by the historian as 
 affecting in the extreme. On January 2, 1838, he de- 
 parted for the scene of his future labors, and it is re- 
 corded of him that he refused several invitations from 
 prominent and wealthy people to pass the evening 
 before his departure with them, to spend it with an 
 humble friend whom he had met while a day-laborer 
 at Emmittsburg.* 
 
 On January 8th, at the Cathedral of St. Patrick, 
 Mott Street, New York, he was consecrated bishop of 
 Basileopolis, in partibus infidelium, and coadjutor to 
 the Bishop of New York. The ceremony was per- 
 formed by Bishop Dubois, assisted by Bishop Kenrick 
 and Bishop Fenwick, of Boston, and the sermon was 
 preached by Father Mulledy, the distinguished Jesuit. 
 The cathedral was crowded to the doors, and masses 
 
 * Hassard's Life of Archbishop Hughes. 
 
AKCHBISHOP HUGHES. 39 
 
 of people filled the windows, and swarmed over the 
 platforms which had been erected in the yard. 
 
 Two weeks after the consecration of Bishop Hughes, 
 Bishop Dubois was prostrated by an attack of paral- 
 ysis. A second and a third followed, and so com- 
 pletely shattered the already feeble health of the 
 venerable prelate, that the full burden of the manage- 
 ment of the diocese fell on the shoulders of the young 
 coadjutor. But it fell on broad, sturdy shoulders, 
 and he soon proved his entire fitness for the arduous 
 task imposed upon him. 
 
 And soon the young bishop found that the task that 
 had fallen to his lot was no easy one, and that the 
 road he was to travel was not a broad and level one, 
 by any means. The diocese comprised a Catholic 
 population of about two hundred thousand, scattered 
 over an area of fifty -five thousand square miles. To 
 minister to the spiritual wants of these people, there 
 were but forty priests, and the number of churches did 
 not exceed twenty. The churches were overwhelmed 
 with debt, and completely under the control of lay trus- 
 tees. The act which first drew all eyes on Bishop 
 Hughes, and gave the first indication of the vigor- 
 ous rule which he intended to establish in the diocese, 
 was the battle with, and fiDal subjugation of, that cry- 
 ing evil in church management, lay trusteeism. He 
 had shown himself a vigorous opponent of the system 
 in Philadelphia, and his treatment of it in New York 
 was in perfect keeping with his former conduct. 
 
 The abuses to which the system gave rise became 
 almost intolerable, and shortly after the young coad- 
 jutor's arrival an incident occurred, which is a fitting 
 example of the insolence bred by such a condition of 
 
4:0 A HISTORY OF FORDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 affairs. The case was rendered the more notable from 
 the fact that it gave Bishop Hughes an opportunity to 
 strike the first decisive blow at the whole system. A 
 priest, who had been attached to the cathedral, was 
 suspended by Bishop Dubois for some act of insubor- 
 dination, but was reinstated by the trustees, elected 
 rector of the parochial school, and voted a salary, the 
 trustees refusing to recognize the pastor appointed in 
 his stead. They employed a constable to eject from 
 the school a teacher sent there by the bishop, and even 
 threatened to cut off the latter's salary. 
 
 Bishop Hughes's treatment of the matter was in 
 every way characteristic of him. "He felt that the 
 battle must be a decisive one," says Mr. Hassard ; " it 
 was not an affair of the appointment of school teach- 
 ers or the payment of salaries ; it was practically the 
 question whether the church should be governed by the 
 bishop or the legislature. If the charter of incorpora- 
 tion could give laymen the right of interference when 
 the bishop deemed it necessary to inflict canonical 
 censures upon one of his clergy ; if it entitled them to 
 appoint catechists and expel from the premises any- 
 body who did not please them ; why might it not go 
 further, and commit to the trustees the entire manage- 
 ment of the spiritual concerns of the congregation ? If 
 they might demand the services of a suspended priest, 
 why not of an excommunicated priest ? Of a Metho- 
 dist minister ? A Jew ? A pagan ? An atheist ? The 
 trustees, in fine, were acting on the Protestant prin- 
 ciple, which puts all church matters into the hands of 
 the people ; they may call whom they please to preach 
 to them, and if they do not like him, may send him 
 away and call another. The Catholic principle sup- 
 
AKCHBISHOP HUGHES. 41 
 
 poses that pastors are sent by God to teach and 
 govern their flocks." 
 
 The Sunday following the ejection of the teacher, he 
 spoke from the pulpit on the subject in a quiet manner, 
 and in such a way as to invite an apology from the 
 trustees, and bring about an amicable settlement of the 
 difficulties. As they made no advances he read, on the 
 following Sunday, a vigorous pastoral, which, though 
 signed by Bishop Dubois, was written by himself. It 
 threatened them with the direst ecclesiastical penalties 
 if they persisted in their conduct. It told them that, 
 although, according to the civil law, they could control 
 the building and revenues, they could not control the 
 clergy or the sacraments. They might do what they 
 pleased with the building, but unless they acted in 
 perfect conformity with the canons and spirit of the 
 Catholic church, the priests would all be withdrawn 
 and the cathedral placed under an interdict. The peo- 
 ple upheld the bishop in his determined action, and a 
 fatal blow was struck at the system.* His manner of 
 dealing with cases in other parts of the diocese is 
 tersely described in the following note, made by his 
 secretary some years later : 
 
 The Archbishop went to to give the trustees of St. 's a 
 
 blowing up. The only way will be to blow them out of the church 
 entirely. N.B. He turned them out. 
 
 This evil rooted out, he turned his attention to a 
 subject which had always been uppermost in his mind 
 education. Bishop Dubois had attempted, several 
 
 * An amendment to the civil law, which has since been passed, provides 
 that the trustees of a Catholic church shall be the bishop, the vicar-general, 
 the pastor, and two laymen. 
 
42 A HISTOEY OF FOEDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 years before, to found a college at Nyack, on the Hud- 
 son, but just as the buildings were almost completed 
 they were entirely destroyed by fire. He then thought 
 of transferring the institution to Brooklyn, but this 
 idea was abandoned, and the scheme temporarily 
 dropped. After the arrival of Bishop Hughes a theo- 
 logical seminary and school for secular education was 
 established at Lafargeville, Jefferson County, N. Y., 
 being opened on September 30, 1838, under the pa- 
 tronage of St. Vincent de Paul. But the college was 
 not a success. It was three hundred miles from New 
 York City, and the attendance was so poor that it 
 proved anything but a profitable venture. After con- 
 siderable search for another site Bishop Hughes came 
 upon the old Rose Hill farm, at Fordham, then in 
 West Chester County. To his mind it was an ideal 
 site. The quiet and seclusion, so conducive to study 
 and meditation, the beauty of the surrounding country, 
 the healthy situation, all seemed to fit the place in a 
 special manner for the end he had in view, and his 
 decision was soon reached. Through Mr. Andrew 
 Carrigan, he purchased the estate with money raised 
 chiefly by voluntary subscriptions throughout the 
 diocese and in Europe. As already told, the col- 
 lege was formally opened on June 24, 1841, under 
 the patronage of St. John the Baptist. The same 
 year the theological seminary was moved from 
 Lafargeville and also established at Fordham, under 
 the patronage of St. Joseph. On October 14, 1841, 
 in a pastoral letter he commended the new col- 
 lege to the liberality of his people, and at the same 
 time announced that Bishop Dubois had resigned the 
 administration of the diocese, owing to his extreme age 
 
ARCHBISHOP HUGHES. 43 
 
 and ill health. Five years later, in April, 1846, St. 
 John's was raised by the Legislature to the dignity 
 of a university, and placed by Bishop Hughes in the 
 hands of the Jesuit fathers, who came from Kentucky 
 to take charge of it, and under whose direction it has 
 remained ever since. 
 
 From 1840 to 1842 another phase of the education- 
 al question claimed the attention of Bishop Hughes. 
 This was the Public School question, from the fight 
 over which he came out so gloriously victorious. His 
 movements were directed against the Public School So- 
 ciety, a private corporation which had the entire man- 
 agement of the public schools of New York. This or- 
 ganization disbursed the funds provided by the city for 
 the maintenance of the schools, chose the books to be 
 used, and regulated the entire working of the system. 
 The text-books used teemed with the usual falsehoods 
 and calumnies against Catholicity, the instructors were 
 thoroughly imbued with the anti-Catholic spirit of the 
 age, and the city schools were practically turned into 
 proselytizing institutions of the most flagrant kind. 
 The bishop, however, entered the lists and fought the 
 Public School Society for two years ; he fought it 
 through the press, on the platform, and in the halls of 
 the Legislature, and was rewarded in the end by the 
 complete overthrow of the Society, and the establish- 
 ment of the present system, which, defective as it is, is 
 infinitely superior to that followed under the former 
 regime. 
 
 It was in 1844, however, that the bishop's strength 
 of character was put to its greatest test. The Know- 
 Nothing movement had been agitating the country for 
 nearly ten years, and had increased in strength and bit- 
 
44 A HISTOKY OF FOEDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 terness, and finally culminated in the fearful scenes 
 that were enacted in Philadelphia, on May 8, 1844. 
 On that day St. Michael's Church, the house of the Sis- 
 ters of Charity, the church and rectory of St. Augus- 
 tine, were all burned by the infuriated mob, and the 
 magnificent library of the Augustinians looted, and 
 the books committed to the flames. 
 
 A committee from the leaders of the Philadelphia 
 riot immediately started for 'New York, and a grand 
 mass meeting of " Native Americans " was called in the 
 City Hall Park to receive and welcome them. But 
 Bishop Hughes was not a man to be dismayed even by 
 the prospect of a repetition of the Philadelphia out- 
 rages. He warned the enemies of Catholicity, in plain 
 unmistakable terms, against any attempt to molest the 
 property of the church. " If a single Catholic church 
 were burned in New York," said he, on one occasion, 
 " the city would become a second Moscow." In an ex- 
 tra edition of the Freeman's Journal, then under his 
 control, he warned Catholics not to attend any public 
 meetings, and to avoid especially the meeting in City 
 Hall Park. He then called upon Mayor Robert H. 
 Morris, and advised him to prevent this demonstration. 
 
 "Are you afraid," asked the Mayor, "that some of 
 your churches will be burned ? " 
 
 " No, sir ; but I am afraid that some of yours will 
 be burned. We can protect our own. I come to warn 
 you for your own good." 
 
 " Do you think, bishop, that your people would at- 
 tack the procession ? " 
 
 " I do not ; but the Native Americans want to pro- 
 voke a Catholic riot, and if they can do it in no other 
 way, I believe they would not scruple to attack the 
 
UNIVERSITY 
 
 AECHBISHOP HUGHES. 45 
 
 procession themselves, for the sake of making it appear 
 that the Catholics had assailed them." 
 
 " What, then, would you have me do ? " 
 
 " I did not come to tell you what to do. I am a 
 churchman, not the mayor of New York ; but, if I were 
 the mayor, I would examine the laws of the State, and 
 see if there were not attached to the police force a bat- 
 tery of artillery, a company or so of infantry, and a 
 squadron of horse ; and I think I should find that there 
 were ; and if so, I should call them out. Moreover, I 
 should send to Mr. Harper, the mayor-elect, who has 
 been chosen by the votes of this party. I should re- 
 mind him that these men are his supporters ; I should 
 warn him that if they carry out their design there will 
 be a riot ; and I should urge him to use his influence in 
 preventing this public reception of the delegates." 
 
 How far the mayor may have been influenced by this 
 conversation we do not pretend to say, but there was no 
 demonstration on the arrival of the Philadelphia Native 
 Americans, and jio disturbance in New York either at 
 this time or when the riots broke out again in Philadel- 
 phia in July. The bishop publicly claimed the merit 
 of having prevented an outbreak.* 
 
 The continual strain on both rnind and body was al- 
 ready beginning to tell on Bishop Hughes. Only such 
 a powerful frame and naturally rugged constitution as 
 his could bear the terrible strain to which he had been 
 subjected for so many years. His health began to fail, 
 and in February, 1844, the Rev. Dr. McCloskey was 
 consecrated his coadjutor. While attending the sixth 
 council of Baltimore, held in 1846, Bishop Hughes was 
 summoned to Washington by Secretary of State Bu- 
 
 * Hassard's Life of Archbishop Hughes. 
 
46 A HISTORY OF FORDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 chanan, ostensibly to consult as to the appointment of 
 Catholic chaplains for the army, then engaged in the 
 Mexican War, but, it is said, in reality with a view to 
 sending the bishop as a special peace envoy to Mexico. 
 This was never known positively, as he did not go, and 
 would never speak of the matter afterward. In 1847 
 he received an invitation from John Quincy Adams, 
 John C. Calhoun, and other distinguished statesmen, to 
 preach before Congress in the Capitol at Washington. 
 He chose for his text, " Christianity the Only Source 
 of Moral, Social, and Political Regeneration." 
 
 In the fall of 1850 New York was elected into an 
 archiepiscopal see, with Boston, Hartford, Albany, and 
 Buffalo as suffragan sees. In 1854 he, with other 
 American prelates, accepted the invitation of Pope Pius 
 IX. to attend the assembly of bishops from the whole 
 Catholic world, gathered to take part in the ceremo- 
 nies attendant on the definition of the dogma of the Im- 
 maculate Conception. On his return to New York he 
 commenced the erection of a church, the ninety-ninth 
 built and consecrated under his personal supervision, 
 in honor of the Immaculate Conception. This church 
 was consecrated May 15, 1858. Three months later 
 the corner-stone of the new cathedral of St. Patrick, at 
 Fifth Avenue and Fiftieth Street, was laid, in the pres- 
 ence of over one hundred thousand people. In 1859 
 he was very outspoken in his sympathy for Pope Pius 
 IX. He issued a vigorous pastoral on the subject of 
 the pontiff's troubles, which was so gratefully received 
 by his Holiness that he ordered it printed at the Propa- 
 ganda in both Italian and English, a distinction never be- 
 fore conferred on a pastoral at Rome. He also collected 
 $53,000 in aid of the Holy Father's depleted treasury. 
 
ABCHBISHOP HUGHES. 47 
 
 At the beginning of the late Civil War Archbishop 
 Hughes was often consulted by President Lincoln and 
 Secretary Seward, and in 1861 he was chosen for a 
 special mission to Europe. His mission is briefly out- 
 lined in a letter which he wrote about that time, in 
 which he says he went as the friend of both North and 
 South alike. He went away with carte-blanch^ to do 
 and say anything that he should think proper for the 
 interests of the country. 
 
 The last institution established by him was Saint 
 Joseph's Theological Seminary, at Troy. It was 
 moved from Fordham, and the buildings and ground 
 sold to the Jesuit Fathers. His last sermon was de- 
 livered in June, 1863, at the dedication of a church, 
 and his last public address was made from his balcony, 
 the following mont\ during the draft riots. This ad- 
 dress was delivered at the request of Governor Sey- 
 mour, who asked him to do so in the hope that the 
 archbishop's influence might tend to quell the excite- 
 ment then raging in the city. He was obliged to re- 
 main seated on account of his feeble health. 
 
 His work was done. The task assigned to him had 
 been faithfully performed. There remained nothing 
 for him to do but to pass quietly away to the reward 
 he had so well earned. His death was peaceful and 
 happy. On Wednesday preceding he had received the 
 last sacraments from his confessor, the Reverend Will- 
 iam Quinn. From Friday (New- Year's day, 1864) 
 until his death he had frequent spasms, followed by in- 
 tervals of unconsciousness. About seven o'clock, Sun- 
 day evening, he had one of these attacks. " When it 
 was over, he laid his head back on the pillow, closed 
 his eyes, breathed quickly and gently for a few minutes, 
 
48 A HISTOEY OF FOKDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 and died with a smile about his lips, while Bishop 
 McCloskey was reciting the prayers of the Church for 
 a departing soul." * 
 
 On Tuesday the body was removed to the cathedral, 
 where, clad in episcopal robes, with mitre and crosier, 
 it lay for two days, on the very spot where, twenty-six 
 years before, he had knelt for consecration. It was es- 
 timated that no fewer than two hundred thousand per- 
 sons viewed the remains. 
 
 On Thursday, January 7th, the anniversary of his 
 consecration, the funeral was held, and the remains de- 
 posited in one of the vaults under the altar of the 
 cathedral. Mr. Hassard says of this ceremony : " It 
 was perhaps the most imposing ceremony of the kind 
 ever witnessed in New York. Eight bishops and 
 nearly two hundred priests took part in the services. 
 The funeral discourse was pronounced by Bishop Mc- 
 Closkey, and mass was celebrated by Bishop Timon. 
 The body was deposited in a vault under the cathe- 
 dral, by the side of the previous bishops of New York. 
 The courts and other public offices were closed on the 
 day of the funeral, and resolutions of sorrow and con- 
 dolence were passed by the State Legislature and the 
 Common Council." 
 
 * Hassard' s Life of Archbishop Hughes. 
 
CHAPTER IV. 
 
 THE FOUNDING OF THE COLLEGE TO THE ADVENT OF 
 THE JESUITS. 
 
 WE have already noted in a former chapter that the 
 one dominant thought of Archbishop Hughes's life, the 
 thought that was ever uppermost in his mind, that 
 seemed to influence his every action, was his solicitude 
 in the cause of Catholic education. For two years he 
 carried on an unequal struggle against the proselytiz- 
 ing system of education then followed in the common 
 schools, a system as unconstitutional and as much op- 
 posed to the spirit of a republican government as it 
 was dangerous to the preservation of the Catholic 
 faith. But, though deeply interested in that all-im- 
 portant fight, he found time to turn his attention to 
 the needs of higher education, and when his efforts 
 for the improvement of the common schools were fin- 
 ally crowned with victory, he devoted all his energy 
 toward supplying that other scarcely less pressing 
 need. 
 
 We have seen how Bishop Dubois attempted the es- 
 tablishment of a college at Nyack, and how the build- 
 ings were destroyed by fire almost on the eve of their 
 completion ; and we have also alluded to that good pre- 
 late's transfer of the field of his enterprise to Brooklyn, 
 and his subsequent abandonment of the entire scheme. 
 Such, then, was the state of affairs when Bishop Hughes 
 
 4 
 
50 A HISTOEY OF FOBDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 arrived in New York, and as soon as the disposal of 
 more urgent matters left him comparatively free, he 
 set about the task of completing the work begun by 
 Bishop Dubois. The seminary at Lafargeville was the 
 first fruit of his labors in this direction. But a very 
 short trial convinced him of the utter futility of an 
 effort to maintain an institution, especially a school for 
 secular training, in a place so far removed from the 
 metropolis, and he looked around in the neighborhood 
 of New York for a suitable site on which to erect an- 
 other college. 
 
 Fordham, at that time a village of Westchester 
 County, among other places was brought to the bish- 
 op's notice in the course of his search. The Rose 
 Hill estate, with its beautiful situation, its spacious 
 grounds, and its historic interest, at once attracted him. 
 At that time the village of Fordham was situated at 
 a point farther west than its present location, the rail- 
 road had not yet been constructed, and in the neigh- 
 borhood of Rose Hill there were but a few isolated 
 farm - houses, while the rows of ill - kept, unsightly 
 buildings which, until a short time ago, disfigured the 
 approach to the college grounds, did not make their ap- 
 pearance until many years later. The bishop imme- 
 diately entered into negotiations which resulted in the 
 purchase of the property by him through Mr. Andrew 
 Carrigan. Bishop Dubois, who was rapidly failing in 
 both mind and body, was unable to take part in the 
 negotiations. One result of his mental weakness was 
 that he was extremely tenacious of his dignity, and 
 keenly sensitive of anything like a slight. One of the 
 clergymen of the diocese, to whom the bishop was par- 
 ticularly attached, undertook the task of telling him of 
 
THE FOUNDING OF THE COLLEGE. 51 
 
 the intended purchase by his coadjutor, and added in a 
 conciliatory tone : " You see, bishop, it was better that 
 he should appear in the matter, and not you ; he has 
 just come here and is not known yet." " Ah ! " replied 
 the old bishop, " but they soon will know him." * 
 
 But the most difficult part of the task yet remained 
 to be done. The cost of the estate was $30,000, and 
 $10,000 was required to fit the buildings then on the 
 premises for the reception of students. To meet this 
 expense the bishop had not a dollar, but he was fertile 
 in expedients, and was not a long time in devising means 
 to raise the necessary funds. Nothing daunted at the 
 task that confronted him, he set to work soliciting sub- 
 scriptions from wealthy Catholics throughout the dio- 
 cese. He then went abroad and collected large sums 
 of money in Europe. The fund was completed by 
 small loans, for which interest was charged at the rate 
 of five per cent. 
 
 June 24, 1841, fifty years ago, the new college was 
 formally opened and started on its career under the 
 patronage of St. John the Baptist. No account of the 
 ceremonies of that opening day has come down to us, 
 and the papers at the time are all strangely silent on 
 the subject. However, the ceremonies took place, and 
 the following September the students of the new col- 
 lege assembled to begin the first scholastic year. It 
 was a triumph for Bishop Hughes, and, could he have 
 foreseen on that day the future that was in store for 
 his modest school, what would have been his emotions ? 
 
 The faculty of St. John's during its first year com- 
 prised some notable men. The first president was his 
 
 * Bishop Bayley's Discourse on the Life and Character of the Most Rever- 
 end Archbishop Hughes. 
 
52 A HISTORY OF FOEDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 Eminence the late Cardinal McCloskey, then simply 
 Dr. McCloskey, who had been taken from his pastoral 
 duties at St. Joseph's Church, New York, to fill the 
 presidential chair of the new college. Dr. McCloskey 
 was a man highly esteemed for his talents and ability, 
 and in every way fitted for his new position. In addi- 
 tion to performing the duties of president, he acted as 
 professor of rhetoric and belles-lettres. The Keverend 
 Ambrose Manahan, a distinguished divine, and author 
 of a work entitled "Triumphs of Catholicity," was 
 vice-president and professor of Greek and mathematics ; 
 the chair of moral philosophy and Hebrew was filled 
 by the Reverend Felix Vilanis, D.D., and the Reverend 
 John J. Conroy, afterward Bishop of Albany, was pro- 
 fessor of Latin. The Reverend Edward O'Neill, who 
 also acted in the capacity of treasurer, was professor 
 of physics and chemistry. Mr. John Harley, who 
 succeeded Dr. McCloskey in the presidency, and was 
 subsequently secretary to Bishop Hughes, was prefect 
 of discipline and instructor in book-keeping, and the 
 Reverend Bernard Llaneza, Mr. Oertel, and Mr. Mc- 
 Donald were instructors in Spanish, German, and 
 French, respectively. In addition to these there were 
 six lay tutors whose names do not appear on the records. 
 Even at that early date, at that early stage of de- 
 velopment of Fordham, she numbered among her pro- 
 fessors and students many men who have since become 
 famous. Among the former, besides Cardinal McClos- 
 key, Bishop Conroy, and Father Manahan, were the 
 Reverend J. Roosevelt Bayley, who was president for 
 a year immediately preceding the advent of the Je- 
 suits, and who afterward succeeded to the Archbish- 
 opric of Baltimore ; the Reverend Bernard McQuaid, 
 

 CARDINAL McCLOSKEY, 
 
 IST PRESIDENT.- 
 
THE 
 
 f UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF . 
 
 JAUFO*a> 
 
THE FOUNDING OF THE COLLEGE. 53 
 
 who is now Bishop of Rochester ; the Reverend Mr. 
 McFarland, afterward Bishop of Hartford, and the 
 Honorable John B. Stallo, who was professor of chem- 
 istry and physics previous to, and during the first 
 year of, the Jesuit regime. Mr. Stallo was afterward 
 raised to a place on the bench in Ohio, and during 
 President Cleveland's administration was appointed 
 United States Minister to Rome. 
 
 It may not be out of place here to devote a little 
 space to a review of the life of Dr. McCloskey, the 
 first president of St. John's, and destined to be the 
 first American Cardinal. He was born in Brooklyn, 
 in 1810. At that time there were but three Catholic 
 churches in New York and none in Brooklyn, and the 
 faithful in the latter, then isolated, locality were ob- 
 liged to cross the river in small boats and bear in- 
 numerable hardships in order to hear mass and per- 
 form the other duties of their religion. It was not 
 until 1823 that a Catholic church, the first ever built 
 in Brooklyn, was erected at the corner of Jay and 
 Chapel Streets. 
 
 Determining to study for the priesthood, young 
 McCloskey, after passing through one of the parochial 
 schools in New York, was sent to Mount St. Mary's, 
 Emmettsburg, the " nursery of the Catholic Church in 
 America," and after a brilliant career in the college 
 course, from which he graduated with high honors, he 
 commenced his studies for the priesthood. On Janu- 
 ary 9, 1834, at the age of twenty-five, he was ordained 
 by Bishop Dubois in St. Patrick's Cathedral, Mott 
 Street, New York, and was granted the privilege of 
 continuing his studies for two years at the College of 
 the Propaganda, Rome. 
 
54 A HISTOEY OF FOBDEAM COLLEGE. 
 
 Five years after his return lie was appointed to the 
 presidency of St. John's College and St. Joseph's Sem- 
 inary at Fordham, which positions he held until 1843, 
 when, the college being firmly established, he was called 
 away to other fields where there was greater need for 
 his peculiar talents. March 16, 1844, ten years and 
 one month after his elevation to the priesthood, he was 
 consecrated Bishop of Axiere, in partibns infidelium, 
 and coadjutor to Bishop Hughes. In 1847 he was ap- 
 pointed first bishop of the new diocese of Albany, 
 where he remained seventeen years. During that time 
 he built St. Mary's Cathedral and established branch 
 houses of many religious orders. He left Albany to 
 return to New York as coadjutor again to Archbishop 
 Hughes, and on the death of the latter prelate became 
 Archbishop of New York. 
 
 March 15, 1875, the news was cabled from Rome 
 that Archbishop McCloskey had been honored as no 
 American had ever been honored before, by being raised 
 to the dignity of the cardinalate. Six weeks later, on 
 the altar at which he was ordained priest and conse- 
 crated bishop, the ceremony of investing him with the 
 insignia of his new office was performed, the red hat 
 being placed on his head by Archbishop Bayley, of 
 Baltimore. He continued in the active management 
 of the diocese until 1880, when his failing health neces- 
 sitated the appointment of a coadjutor. The present 
 archbishop, then Bishop Corrigan, of Newark, was 
 chosen for the trying position, and, on the death of the 
 cardinal, succeeded him. At 12.50 A.M. Saturday, Oc- 
 tober 10th, the cardinal passed quietly away, having 
 received all the sacraments of the church. He was 
 buried under the main altar of the cathedral. He 
 
ARCHBISHOP BAYLEY, 
 
 3D PRESIDENT. 
 
THE FOUNDING OF THE COLLEGE. 55 
 
 showed to the last the same gentle, loving spirit which 
 distinguished him through life. He was beloved and 
 revered by his own flock, and honored and respected 
 by people of every shade of religious belief. The New 
 York Sun, in an editorial on the dead cardinal, said : 
 " His learning, his piety, his humility, his truly Christian 
 zeal, earned for him the universal respect which will be 
 to-day manifested as his body is carried to the tomb. 
 
 " The first American cardinal has died at a time when 
 all Christians are ready to honor his memory as that of 
 a man who has done measureless service in the cause of 
 religion, good morals, and humanity. . . . Protestants 
 and Catholics will join in sincerely mourning the first 
 American cardinal as a Christian hero lost. Requies- 
 cat in pace" 
 
 Returning, we will again take up the thread of the 
 narrative. In the fall of 1841 the little bark, so hap- 
 pily launched less than three months before, began its 
 eventful voyage. September of that year saw the 
 opening of the first school term, the doors of Rose Hill 
 College, as it was known at that time, were thrown open, 
 and the work of instruction begun. There were about 
 fifty students in the house at the time, many of whom 
 are now living. The Reverend P. F. Dealy, S. J., who 
 was president of the college from 1882 to 1885, and 
 for many years previous a zealous worker at St. Francis 
 Xavier's College, New York, and spiritual director of 
 the Xavier Union (now the Catholic Club) was among 
 those who saw the infant institution take its first falter- 
 ing steps. After the arrival of the Jesuits he entered 
 their novitiate, and has since become one of the most 
 distinguished members of the order. 
 
 Mr. Paul Thebaud, of Mount Vernon, now a promi- 
 
56 A HISTORY OF FOEDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 nent merchant in New York, and his brother Gustav, 
 a leading lawyer, also of New York; the Reverend 
 James Hughes, A.M., LL.D., and Vicar-General of the 
 Diocese of Hartford ; Father Merrick, S. J., President 
 of St. Francis Xavier College, New York ; Mr. Law- 
 rence O'Connor, '48, a well-known architect of New 
 York ; the Reverend Patrick McGovern, A.M., '48, of 
 New York ; Judge Dodge, '49, of Perrysburg, O. ; Mr. 
 Paul Berger, '46, and Mr. John F. Gray, '48, of New 
 York; Mr. William Burke, '46, of Harrisburg, Pa., 
 and Mr. James Reynolds, of Corona, L. I., are also 
 among the few living now who remember the first 
 years of Fordham College. About this time came 
 Sylvester H. Rosecrans, afterward Bishop of Colum- 
 bus, and a brother of General William H. Rosecrans 
 of the United States Army ; and Vicar- General William 
 Keegan, of the diocese of Brooklyn. But these are 
 both dead, as, indeed, are most of those who attended 
 the college at the time. 
 
 We have elsewhere described the buildings as they 
 stood at the time of their purchase by Bishop Hughes. 
 In place of the brick wings of the main building as 
 they now stand, were two one-story extensions, also of 
 brick, the one on the south having been used by Mr. 
 Moat as a conservatory. The ground at the rear of 
 this building, which is now the campus, was rough and 
 hilly, and useless as a playground. In the centre of the 
 present First Division field was a hill, on the farther 
 side of which was the quarry from which the stone 
 was taken in 1845 to build the seminary and church.* 
 
 * The stone used in building Senior Hall was quarried in the rock overlook- 
 ing the Bronx, and that used in Science Hall in the rock near the same quarry, 
 in what is now part of the Bronx Park. 
 
THE FOUNDING OF THE COLLEGE. 57 
 
 The students in the theological seminary were 
 lodged and taught in the college buildings. The pres- 
 ent sodality chapel, on the second floor of the main 
 building, served as the seminarians' study, hall, and 
 class-room. On this floor was also the library. " It 
 was here," says Father Dealy, " I made my first speech 
 in 1843, on the occasion of a reception given by Bishop 
 Hughes to several bishops and other prelates." 
 
 About this time the "castle," joined to the south 
 wing, the corresponding building on the north, and 
 the old Second Division building, which was torn 
 down in 1890, were erected. A wooden shed con- 
 nected the Second Division building with the main 
 building. 
 
 In 1843 Dr. McCloskey was taken from Fordham, 
 and the Reverend John B. Harley, who had been a 
 member of the faculty since the college was opened, 
 was appointed to succeed him. The college had made 
 wonderful progress in these two years. The number 
 of students had been doubled, the grounds improved, 
 new buildings erected, and the standard of studies 
 considerably advanced. Father Barley's ill-health, 
 however, did not permit him to enjoy the honor of 
 presiding over this growing institution for any great 
 length of time, and the following year he resigned and 
 accompanied Bishop Hughes to Europe in the capac- 
 ity of secretary. He was succeeded as president of 
 St. John's by Father Bayley, afterward Archbishop of 
 Baltimore. 
 
 Under Father Bayley Fordham College flourished 
 and advanced as it had done under his predecessors. 
 Every year saw some improvement. The seminary 
 and chapel, to the northwest of the college buildings, 
 
58 A HISTORY OF FORDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 were soon begun, and in 1845 were ready for occupa- 
 tion. They are both handsome buildings and add 
 considerably to the beauty of the property. The in- 
 terior of the seminary has been much altered since 
 its dedication to the instruction of the small boy, but 
 outwardly it is the same to-day as when first built, 
 except perhaps for the mass of creeping vines which 
 covers its entire front, and which, together with its lat- 
 ticed windows and peculiar style of architecture, lends 
 to the building a charming air of antiquity. The spire 
 that originally surmounted the bell-tower on the chapel 
 was long ago removed, as it had begun to decay, but 
 otherwise it has suffered no outward change. 
 
 About this time (1845), Bishop Hughes was con- 
 templating a change in the management of the college. 
 He had during his administration introduced a great 
 many religious orders into the diocese, and he wished 
 to place Rose Hill College entirely in the hands of 
 some regular order, devoted to educational work. 
 With this end in view, he made overtures to the Jesuits 
 who had charge of St. Mary's College, Ky., and 
 the result of the negotiations was an agreement by 
 which they were to come to New York, and take pos- 
 session of Rose Hill. He did not call upon the Jesuits 
 of the Maryland province, because he feared they 
 would make Fordham secondary to Georgetown, and 
 keep it so, whereas he wished it to become in time the 
 first Catholic college in the country, a position to which 
 its proximity to the great commercial centre of the 
 country would seem to entitle it. 
 
 In the meantime the course of study at the college, 
 under the successful management of Dr. McCloskey, 
 and Fathers Harley and Bayley, had advanced at such 
 
THE FOUNDING OF THE COLLEGE. 59 
 
 a pace, and attained so high a standard, that it was 
 decided to apply for articles of incorporation. This 
 was done, and April 10, 1846, the act of incorporation 
 was passed, raising St. John's College, Fordham, to 
 the rank of a university, with the power to grant 
 degrees in theology, law, medicine, and arts. The 
 incorporators were Jacob Harvey, Peter A. Hargous, 
 John McKeon, James R. Bay ley, John Harley, John 
 McCloskey, William Starrs, Hugh Kelly, and David 
 Bacon, afterward Bishop of Portland. The same 
 month, Fathers William Stack Murphy and Augustus 
 Thebaud, of the Society of Jesus, arrived from St. 
 Mary's and were incorporated into the faculty. The 
 following summer the whole community arrived, the 
 institution passed into their hands, and the opening of 
 the Fall term found the new university under an entirely 
 new management ; for although the seminary was not 
 included in the purchase of Rose Hill, it was placed 
 under the care of the Jesuits, and its classes were 
 taught by Jesuit professors. 
 
CHAPTER V. 
 
 ST. MAKY'S COLLEGE, KENTUCKY. 
 
 HAVING thus far reviewed the train of events that 
 led gradually up to the transfer of Fordham College 
 to the Jesuit fathers, we will now turn aside from the 
 direct course of my narrative to give a brief account of 
 the previous history of those learned men. They came 
 direct from St. Mary's College, at Mount Mary, Ky., 
 where they had been for fifteen years. St. Mary's, 
 therefore, was fhe immediate ancestor of Fordham, 
 as Fordham is the mother-house of all the Jesuit 
 houses in the States of New York and New Jersey. 
 They came originally from France, by way of New 
 Orleans, at the request of Bishop Flaget, of Bards- 
 town, Ky., and took charge of St. Mary's under very 
 peculiar circumstances. In 1829, the bishop had writ- 
 ten to the Jesuit authorities in France, offering to 
 turn St. Joseph's College, at Bardstown, over to their 
 care. By some accident their letter, accepting the offer, 
 miscarried, and the bishop judging by their apparent 
 silence that his offer was not favorably received, made 
 other and permanent arrangements for St. Joseph's. 
 
 The acceptance of the bishop's offer having been 
 despatched, Fathers Peter Chazelle, Nicholas Petit, 
 and Peter Labadiere, with Brother Corne, all of the 
 Society of Jesus, set sail on November 19, 1830, 
 from Pauillac, near Bordeaux, France, for New Or- 
 
ST. MABY'S COLLEGE, KENTUCKY. 61 
 
 leans, La. They anchored at the island of Gua- 
 daloupe, where Father Chazelle preached, on Jan- 
 uary 5, 1831, and fifteen days later they arrived at 
 their destination. Here, at the invitation of Bishop 
 De Neckere, they remained about two months, and in 
 the meantime Father Chazelle, who was superior of 
 the little colony, wrote to Bishop Flaget, announcing 
 their arrival in compliance with his invitation, and their 
 readiness to accept the charge intended for them. This 
 threw the bishop into a quandary, as he had already 
 disposed of St. Joseph's ; but, nevertheless, he extended 
 a hearty welcome to the Jesuits, and requested them to 
 come on to Bardstown. Accordingly, Fathers Chazelle 
 and Petit started northward, leaving Father Labadiere 
 and Brother Corne to establish a house in New Or- 
 leans. 
 
 Arrived at Bardstown, the two Jesuits assisted in the 
 college and seminary until the following July, when, 
 as there was no prospect of a solution of the difficulty, 
 they joined with the bishop in a no vena to St. Ignatius, 
 that they might find through his intercession a way 
 out of their awkward position. Their prayers were 
 not unheard, for before the novena was finished the 
 bishop received a letter from the Reverend William 
 Byrne, president of St. Mary's College, asking that he 
 be allowed to turn his institution over to the Jesuits. 
 
 St. Mary's College and Seminary was situated on a 
 productive farm, then in Washington County, but now 
 in Marion County, Ky., which had been purchased 
 in 1820 from Mr. Joseph Ray, by the saintly mis- 
 sionary, Father Charles Nerinckx. It was his inten- 
 tion to establish here an industrial school for the ed- 
 ucation of boys in the useful trades, with a course of 
 
62 A HISTORY OF FOEDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 studies for higher education, should any of his pupils 
 desire it. Sailing for Belgium in 1820, he left the 
 church of St. Charles and Mount Mary, as he called the 
 newly purchased farm, in charge of Father Byrne. 
 During his absence the latter conceived the idea of es- 
 tablishing a seminary at Mount Mary, and fitted up an 
 abandoned still-house which stood on the property, for 
 that purpose, and when Father Nerinckx returned from 
 Europe he found his original plans completely upset 
 and the new seminary in a flourishing condition, having 
 all the students its limited quarters could accommodate. 
 In spite of several unfortunate accidents (for St. Mary's 
 was three times consumed by fire before the advent of 
 the Jesuits) and limited means the seminary pros- 
 pered. Father Byrne was unable to procure a suffi- 
 cient number of competent teachers, and he began to 
 employ the older and more trustworthy of his pupils 
 for that purpose, a custom which was perpetuated by 
 the Jesuits. 
 
 But Father Byrne was not eminently fitted to direct 
 a large educational institution, and he himself was 
 among the first to realize that fact. So, when the news 
 reached him of the arrival of the Jesuits and the un- 
 fortunate misunderstanding about St. Joseph's, he re- 
 solved to resign the presidency of St. Mary's and ten- 
 der that institution to the newly arrived fathers. He, 
 therefore, wrote to the bishop, as above stated, making 
 the offer and asking simply to be allowed to keep his 
 saddle-horse and ten dollars in money. This offer set- 
 tled the difficulty at once, and the problem which had 
 for so long disturbed good Bishop Flaget's mind was 
 solved at last. 
 
 In the summer of 1831 Fathers Chazelle and Petit 
 
ST. MAEY'S COLLEGE, KENTUCKY. 
 
 entered on their new charge. But here a fresh barrier 
 presented itself, which they had to overcome before 
 they could take entire charge of the college. This was 
 their insufficient knowledge of the English language, 
 and the character and customs of American boys. But 
 Father Byrne disposed of this obstacle by offering to 
 remain and act as president, until such time as the 
 strangers should have overcome this difficulty. This 
 he did and retained the office until June of 1833, when 
 he died from an attack of Asiatic cholera which was 
 prevalent at the time. A few days later Father Ma- 
 guire, S.J., who had come from France in the spring 
 of 1832, with Fathers Gilles and Legouais, to join the 
 little community, died of the same disease. His body 
 was afterward taken to Fordham, and now lies in the 
 little college cemetery at that place. 
 
 St. Mary's was now entirely under the direction of 
 the Jesuits, and Father Chazelle was president. Both 
 he and Father Petit had made such progress in learning 
 English that they were able to preach from time to 
 time in the parish church of St. Charles, and Father 
 Chazelle was even emboldened to enter into a wider 
 field of literary work. He wrote several dramas, one 
 of which was produced by the students every year from 
 1834 until 1846, when the community moved to Ford- 
 ham. These plays, which accompanied the annual ex- 
 hibition, were, according to a fancy of Father Chazelle, 
 enacted in the woods, and to this we may trace the 
 custom, which is still religiously observed at Fordham, 
 of holding the Commencement exercises in the open air, 
 under a tent spread on the lawn for that purpose. The 
 practice has many advantages, not the least of which 
 is the comfort of the audience, who, at that season of 
 
64 A HISTORY OF FOEDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 the year must feel much more at ease in an open tent 
 than in the close confinement of a hall. 
 
 In 1835 Fathers Evremond and Fouche, who had en- 
 tered the novitiate in the fall of 1831, were added to 
 the community. Father Fouche was director of the 
 seminary at St. Mary's when the first two Jesuits ar- 
 rived there. He died in Fordham in 1870, and was 
 buried in the college cemetery. In 1836 came from 
 France Father William Stack Murphy, whom we 
 have mentioned, and Father Nicholas Point, who 
 afterward became famous as a missionary in the 
 Rocky Mountains. Father Point is still living at St. 
 Mary's College, at Montreal, over ninety years of age. 
 Father Murphy at once became a great favorite among 
 the students. He was famous as a literary man, and 
 attracted general attention by his perfect elocution, the 
 purity of his English, and his happy conversational 
 powers. In 1837 he succeeded Father Chazelle as su- 
 perior of the community and president of the college, 
 for both of which positions he was eminently fitted. 
 
 In 1837 the fathers made application to the Ken- 
 tucky Legislature for a charter of incorporation, to 
 give them all the powers of a university. To bring 
 this about and urge the matter in the legislative halls, 
 Father Murphy and Father Robert Abell, the latter 
 an American Jesuit and a famous orator, went to 
 Frankfort. Father Abell was invited to address the 
 Senate on the subject, and those who listened to him 
 that day, men who had listened to the most eloquent 
 speakers of an era that abounded in finished orators, 
 declared that his speech excelled any they had ever 
 heard. The application was favorably received, the 
 desired charter promptly granted, and on January 21, 
 
ST. MARY'S COLLEGE, KENTUCKY. 65 
 
 1837, St. Mary's took its place among the universities 
 of the State. The first meeting of trustees was held 
 February 2, 1837, and the first annual Commencement, 
 at which diplomas were awarded, was held in the sum- 
 mer of 1838. 
 
 The subsequent progress of St. Mary's soon placed it 
 in the front rank of the colleges of the State. Many 
 men who have since become famous, were connected 
 with St. Mary's during those later years of the Jesuit 
 management. Father Chazelle went to Canada in 1839, 
 and was mainly instrumental in having the Jesuits in- 
 troduced into British America. Father Petit was em- 
 ployed chiefly on missionary work, and Father Evre- 
 mond established a house in Louisville, to which was 
 afterward attached a successful day-school under the 
 direction of Father John Larkin. Father Larkin was 
 in later years president of Fordham, and his memory 
 is still fondly cherished in the heart of every old Ford- 
 ham student who had the good fortune to know him. 
 
 In 1837 Father Legouais established the Parthenian 
 Sodality, which was afterward transferred to Fordham 
 and is now the oldest constituted society among the 
 students of that institution. He introduced the custom 
 of daily mass for the sodalists, until then unheard of, 
 preceded by ten minutes' meditation. Father Legouais 
 is described as a man of diminutive stature, with un- 
 usually short legs, and in those days of rough roads, 
 when everybody was obliged to travel on horseback, 
 many amusing mishaps befell him. If he once dis- 
 mounted he could not regain his place in the saddle 
 again until some chance passer-by appeared to assist 
 him.* Father Driscoll, who was afterward promi- 
 
 * A story is told to the effect that a Protestant gentleman, who had entered 
 5 
 
66 A HISTORY OF FORDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 nently connected with St. John's, and was rector of St. 
 Francis Xavier's College for several years, was among 
 the first members of the sodality. He had a very in- 
 teresting history. Before he entered the Jesuit novi- 
 tiate he was a stone-mason, and by his superior intelli- 
 gence attracted the attention of Father De Luynes, 
 pastor of the cathedral at Bardstown, who, feeling 
 that the young man was called to higher things, sent 
 him to St. Mary's. In 1838 he entered the novitiate 
 under Father Gilles, who had just been appointed 
 Master of Novices, and was joined a year later by 
 Father Larkin, from Montreal, Canada, and. in 1841 by 
 his patron, Father De Luynes. .Father Driscoll lived 
 to a ripe old age. He, with Father De Luynes and 
 Father Larkin, sleeps peacefully in the little cemetery 
 at Fordham. 
 
 In 1839 the Eeverend Augustus Thebaud, afterward 
 the fourth president, and first Jesuit president of St. 
 John's, arrived from France with several lay-brothers, 
 and about the same time the Reverend F. William 
 Gockeln, who also succeeded subsequently to the presi- 
 dential chair of Fordham, and who is described as " a 
 tall, handsome young Prussian " arrived from Canada, 
 attracted thither by Father Larkin. Among the other 
 fathers who were since well known at St. John's were 
 Fathers Lebreton, Du Merle, and Marechal. The first 
 two lie in the Fordham cemetery. 
 
 his boy at St. Mary's, hurried to the president a few minutes later, and stipu- 
 lated that under no circumstances should his boy be allowed to say mass. In 
 explanation of his extraordinary condition, he said that he had just seen one 
 of the small boys in the chapel in the act of celebrating mass. Father Cha- 
 zelle, the president, immediately repaired to the chapel, accompanied by the 
 anxious father, and there found Father Legouais officiating at the altar. The 
 stranger seeing him from the rear had taken him for a small boy. 
 
ST. MAKY'S COLLEGE, KENTUCKY. 67 
 
 The college was then progressing rapidly. In the 
 classics, physical sciences, and mathematics it especially 
 excelled. Father Legouais attempted to establish a 
 class of Philosophy in Latin, with Bouvier as a text- 
 book, but it was a failure. Father Larkin afterward 
 began instruction in logic, in English, and Father De 
 Luynes lectured in English on general and special meta- 
 physics, both of which ventures were successful. 
 Rhetoric, belles-lettres, mathematics, modern languages, 
 and music were not neglected, and the college took an- 
 other step forward* Father Thebaud was an enthu- 
 siastic Greek scholar, and his courses in higher mathe- 
 matics, chemistry, and physics were eminently success- 
 ful. He wrote a learned and scholarly paper, in 
 French, on the Mammoth Cave, which was rendered 
 into elegant English by Father Murphy. 
 
 About 1845 the Jesuits began to experience some 
 trouble. Exactly what the difficulty was is not gener- 
 ally known, but it is supposed that it was caused by 
 some difference with Bishop Chabrat, coadjutor to 
 Bishop Flaget. Old Bishop Flaget was most favor- 
 able to the Jesuits, and is known to have said on one 
 occasion since their departure from his diocese : "I 
 have grieved without ceasing ever since the fathers left 
 my diocese two years ago." But the trouble had 
 arisen, and there was no way to avoid it. The Louis- 
 ville house was abandoned in March, 1846, the fathers 
 returning to St. Mary's. About this time the arrange- 
 ment with Bishop Hughes was perfected, by which the 
 college at Fordham was sold to the fathers of St. Mary's, 
 and Fathers Murphy and The" baud left on April 19, 
 1846, arriving at Fordham on April 28th. They were 
 kindly received by the professors at that place, and at 
 
68 A HISTOEY OF FOKDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 once incorporated into the faculty. Father Larkin took 
 his departure on July 2d, arriving at St. John's on the 
 18th. 
 
 When it became definitely known that the Jesuits 
 were leaving St. Mary's general sorrow and excitement 
 prevailed, and the indignation against Bishop Chabrat, 
 who was considered responsible for their departure, 
 was openly expressed. He went to France the follow- 
 ing year, and resigned. His action was ascribed by 
 the people of the diocese to the outcry against him. 
 
 The work of packing up the movable property, the 
 books, scientific apparatus, and specimens of natural 
 history, was vigorously prosecuted, and by the begin- 
 ning of August, 1846, the last of it had been de- 
 spatched on its way to New York. The fathers, scho- 
 lastics, and brothers left Kentucky in four bands, 
 between July 21st and 31st, and arrived at Fordham 
 between August 2d and llth. Among them were 
 Fathers Driscoll, Nash (now at Troy, N. Y.^), De 
 Luynes, Henry Hudon (now at Montreal), and Gockeln, 
 and Brothers Hennen, Crowe, and Ledore. The last to 
 leave the old place, and perhaps the most pained at 
 the parting, were Fathers Fouche and Legouais, who 
 did not go until August 10th. The only survivors of 
 those who left Kentucky for Fordham are Fathers 
 Nash and Hudon. St. John's, as already stated, had 
 been incorporated in the spring of 1846, and in Sep- 
 tember the Jesuits started in anew, in a strange place 
 and among a strange people. 
 
CHAPTER VI. 
 
 ACCESSION OF THE JESUITS AND INTRODUCTION OF 
 THEIE PLAN OF STUDIES. 1846. 
 
 WE have already outlined, with as much attention 
 to detail as our space would allow, the successive 
 stages through which St. John's had passed, from the 
 inception of the idea to the sale of the school to the 
 Jesuits. That under their management it would rise 
 to opulence and power was, to Archbishop Hughes' s 
 mind, almost a foregone conclusion. He had the exam- 
 ple of St. Mary's to help him in reaching this conclu- 
 sion, and the sequel has proven the soundness of his 
 judgment. The work so auspiciously begun by Dr. 
 McCloskey, and followed up so well by his two suc- 
 cessors, was enthusiastically taken up by the new 
 management. That it has been vigorously and judi- 
 ciously prosecuted since that time, there need be no 
 doubt. We have only to look at the St. John's of to- 
 day and compare it with the St. John's of that earlier 
 day, to find objective evidence to convince us. That 
 the college had progressed during its first few years of 
 existence to such an extent as to satisfy the expecta- 
 tions of its illustrious founder, is amply attested by 
 him in a pastoral letter of 1847, in which he says : 
 
 " . . . In five short years St. John's College rose from the 
 condition of an unfinished house in a field to the cluster of build- 
 ings of which it is now composed ; and from an obscure Catholic 
 
70 A HISTORY OF FOEDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 school, beginning with six students, to the rank and privileges of a 
 university. . . . We deem it an evidence of Almighty God's 
 approval that a numerous, learned, and pious community of the il- 
 lustrious Society of Jesus a society especially instituted for the 
 imparting of a high order of Christian education to youth should 
 have been found willing to take charge of it permanently." 
 
 Could Archbishop Hughes return to earth on this fif- 
 tieth anniversary of Fordhani College and see the re- 
 sult of his zeal and energy, the proportions to which his 
 little school had grown, he would not recognize it. 
 The college of 1846 and 1847, that stirred the good old 
 bishop's heart with pride, splendid as it certainly was, 
 was as nothing compared to the magnificent institution 
 that celebrates its golden jubilee this year. 
 
 To the reader familiar with the Fordham of to-day 
 the following description of the entrance to the college 
 grounds, from the pen of Father Nash, 8. J., which ap- 
 peared in a recent issue of the Fordham Monthly, will 
 certainly prove interesting : 
 
 " Stepping out of the car we glanced about for the 
 city, town, or village of Fordham. On the east side 
 there was no sign of it. Splendid shady trees occupied 
 the ground to the edge of the track. To the west were 
 a few scattered houses climbing up the hill which arose 
 gradually from the railroad. Our eyes failed to see 
 anything which we could call St. John's College. To 
 our inquiries came the answer that in Fordham there 
 are two boarding-schools for young gentlemen, both of 
 which are managed by ministers of the Gospel. This 
 information gave us very little light in our search. The 
 entrances to both were pointed out to us. A large, 
 heavy gate, which opened on to an avenue running di- 
 rectly east, and shaded by magnificent trees decked in 
 
ACCESSION OF THE JESUITS. 71 
 
 their August foliage, was the entrance to the college 
 whose president was the Reverend Dr. Powell, an Epis- 
 copalian minister. Almost adjoining this, and at right 
 angles with it, was a smaller gate, from which ran 
 northward a foot-path flanked on the east side by a 
 massive wall of stones without mortar, along which 
 grew a row of c ox-heart ' cherry-trees. On the west 
 side was, without any protecting barrier, a steep and 
 threatening ravine. This we were informed was the 
 entrance to the second college, thought to belong to 
 Catholic priests. Passing through the small gate 
 which opened into the i narrow way,' we found our- 
 selves on the property of St. John's College. A few 
 moments' walk brought us to a point where the massive 
 wall and row of cherry-trees turned eastward at right 
 angles, and gave us a view of the solid building called 
 Rose Hill College and the superb lawn sweeping in 
 front of the buildings, something in the form of a semi- 
 circle, and gracefully descending to the railroad, which 
 would be the diameter of the circle. Ascending the 
 avenue into which our narrow path had suddenly been 
 transformed at the abrupt term of the stone wall, we 
 were amazed at the beauty of the scene spread out be- 
 fore us and around us. The grand appearance of the 
 lawn, the site of the scattered buildings composing the 
 college, the view of the railroad winding along the foot 
 of the lawn, the hills rising west of the railroad as if 
 straining to obtain one more glance at the sun disappear- 
 ing beyond the royal Hudson, the picturesque location 
 of the future Fordham, the compact and solid expres- 
 sion of old ' Rose Hill ' residence now and for evermore 
 ' St. John's College,' were surely capable of producing 
 on the least sensitive nature an indelible impression." 
 
72 A HISTORY OF FORDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 And this was Fordham forty-five years ago ! A 
 glance at the Fordham of to-day will show the dis- 
 parity. But let us follow the changes step by step, 
 and feel our way gradually from the "unfinished 
 house in a field " to Fordham College fifty years old. 
 
 Father Thebaud was the first Jesuit to assume the 
 reins of government in the new school, and he handled 
 them skilfully and well. He was, as we have already 
 said, a man of almost exhaustive erudition, and the 
 author of several well-known and widely read volumes. 
 " The Irish Race," " Gentilism," and " The Church 
 and the Gentile World," are among the best known of 
 his works. " A perfect child in simplicity," said the 
 late Vicar-General Keegan, of Brooklyn, "but a giant 
 in everything sublime and useful, Father Thebaud was 
 a man who would have been an ornament to any pro- 
 fession." 
 
 Father Thebaud had an able and efficient corps of 
 professors to aid him in the management of the college. 
 Father John Larkin was vice-president, prefect of 
 studies, and professor of philosophy ; Father Murphy 
 was professor of - rhetoric ; Father Du Merle, first pre- 
 fect of discipline ; Father Lebreton as minister, and 
 Mr. Stallo as professor of chemistry and physics. 
 Father Thebaud' s first care was to regulate the course 
 of study. It was decided in January, 1847, that to 
 obtain the degree of Bachelor of Arts, it was necessary 
 that the aspirant be able to read with ease the works 
 of Cicero or Livy, Virgil or Horace, Demosthenes or 
 Homer, and to stand examination in arithmetic, alge- 
 bra, geometry, and trigonometry. 
 
 The system of instruction established in the college 
 was followed for the first year. According to this 
 
ACCESSION OF THE JESUITS. 73 
 
 system there was one professor for each branch of 
 study, but it was soon found that too much time was 
 lost by the students in going from one class to an- 
 other at the adjournment of the lectures. The frequent 
 changes of professors, with many lesser disadvantages 
 accompanying it, was found equally unsatisfactory. 
 At the end of the first year the entire system was 
 abolished, and a catalogue of Georgetown College hav- 
 ing been procured in the meantime, the plan laid down 
 in the ratio studiorum of the Jesuits was adopted. It 
 was settled that the course should consist of three 
 grammar classes, in which the rudiments were taught, 
 and the classes of Humanities, or Belles-lettres, Rhe- 
 toric, and Philosophy. It was not then settled how 
 many years should be devoted to philosophy, nor was 
 anything definitely arranged for the classes of mathe- 
 matics. 
 
 This plan has been considerably altered since that 
 time. The Classical course now consists of seven in- 
 stead of six classes. The elements of Latin, Greek, 
 English, and other necessary branches are taught as 
 before in the three grammar classes. The class of 
 Classics, or suprema grammatica, the first of the under- 
 graduate classes, is the step by which the student, 
 emerging from the rudimentary studies of the grammar 
 department, reaches the higher branches taught in the 
 classes of Humanities, Rhetoric, and Philosophy. The 
 first year of philosophy, at the close of which the de- 
 gree of Bachelor of Arts is conferred, comprises a 
 course in logic, general and special metaphysics, and 
 the general principles of ethics and of civil society. A 
 post-graduate course of one year in which the study of 
 ethics is further prosecuted, and at the end of which 
 
74 A HISTORY OF FORDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 the degree of Master of Arts is conferred, has been 
 added. 
 
 Another addition to the original plan is the Com- 
 mercial course, consisting of five classes. Into this 
 course the study of the classics does not enter at all, 
 the time being wholly given up to English and the 
 study of business forms. Connected with this course 
 is the Scientific Department, including the classes in 
 Surveying, Electrical Engineering, Photography, and 
 Analytical Chemistry. The Surveying class, under the 
 direction of the professor, surveys the ground in the 
 neighborhood of the college. Apart from both these 
 courses, and in no way affected by them, is the mathe- 
 matical course. The grading of a student in the regu- 
 lar course does not, in the least, affect his standing in 
 the class of mathematics, until he reaches his senior, or 
 philosophy year, when his rating in the former branch 
 becomes an important factor in deciding his right to a 
 diploma. Music, drawing, painting, and the modern 
 languages are special studies. 
 
 We have already described the buildings that stood on 
 the grounds at the time of its purchase in 1841, and 
 the additions made prior to 1846. The wing at the 
 south of the main building, on the site of the present 
 chapel wing, was used as a study hall ; the present par- 
 lor was the chapel, and the parlor was in the present 
 rector's office. The north wing was utilized as a re- 
 fectory for the students, an office which its more sub- 
 stantial successor now fills. Some of the classes, such 
 as Physics, Chemistry, and Higher Mathematics, were 
 taught in the main building. The other class-rooms 
 were in a one-story brick building which ran eastward 
 from the end of the south wing and connected with 
 
ACCESSION OF THE JESUITS. 75 
 
 the three- story building known to fame in after-years 
 as " the castle." In the castle were the music-rooms, 
 reading-room, and first prefect's office. 
 
 Father The baud removed the shed which connected 
 the mansion with the Second Division building, to a 
 point northeast of the buildings, where it was afterward 
 on the dividing line between Second and Third Divis- 
 ions. In its place he erected the three-story brick 
 building now standing there, in which are the music- 
 rooms, wardrobe, and library. The physics class-room 
 was in the cellar of this building. In 1849 an exten- 
 sion was built to the Second Division building. This 
 entire structure was torn down in the summer of 1890 
 on the completion of the new Junior Hall, while the 
 castle had disappeared a month or more previous, to 
 make room for the new faculty building. The present 
 infirmary was, at this time, occupied by a few Sisters 
 of Charity who had charge of the domestic arrange- 
 ments, but in 1847 it became the Jesuit novitiate. The 
 scholastic novices remained there until 1850, when they 
 were removed to Montreal ; the coadjutor novices re- 
 mained until 1859. The new seminary was ready for 
 occupation this year, and the little cottage near it 
 was occupied by Mr. Rodrigue, a brother-in-law of 
 Archbishop Hughes. 
 
CHAPTER VII. 
 
 PRESIDENCY OF FATHER THftBAUD. 1846-51. 
 
 THE year in which the new system was inaugurated 
 was a remarkable year for Fordham. It saw a notable 
 array of learned men on the faculty of the college. 
 Fathers Daubresse and Duranquet, whose names have 
 been familiar to generations of New Yorkers, were 
 among the professors then. Fathers Murphy, Ryan, 
 Driscoll, and Pottgeisser, Mr. Doucet and Mr. Hudon, 
 and Brother Mace, have all since become well known. 
 Famous among the singers on the faculty were Fathers 
 Verheyden and Schiansky, and Messrs. Doucet and 
 Glackmeyer. Father Schiansky had a remarkable his- 
 tory. He had been in former years a leading tenor 
 singer in an opera company in Vienna, but with his 
 wife had experienced a change of heart, and, after mak- 
 ing a retreat in Rome, they, with the permission of the 
 authorities of the Church, separated, she to go into a 
 convent, and he to enter the Jesuit novitiate. Father 
 Du Merle, of whom we have already spoken, was pre- 
 fect of discipline ; Father Legouais, and Mr. Tissot, 
 who afterward became president of the college, were 
 among the notable men of that time. 
 
 Fathers Nash and Ouellet, who with Father Tissot 
 became famous during the war as chaplains in the 
 army; Fathers Driscoll, Regnier, and Hudon were 
 also to be seen at Fordham in those days. 
 
REV. AUGUSTUS THfcBAUD, SJ. 
 
 4TH PRESIDENT. 
 
F THE 
 
 ( UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF 
 
PEESIDENCY OF FATHER THEBAUD. 77 
 
 But the most prominent figure of that period, the 
 man who stands pre-eminent among his fellows, is Father 
 William Stack Murphy. Father Murphy, it is needless 
 to say, was an Irishman, and came of a family that had 
 already supplied some distinguished members of the 
 Irish hierarchy. His uncle, Bishop Murphy, of Cork, 
 was a savant, and there was hardly a book-stall in the 
 United Kingdom that he had not searched for rare 
 volumes to furnish the shelves of his library. Father 
 Murphy, like so many Catholic Irishmen of that 
 time (he was born in the last decade of the eigh- 
 teenth century), was educated in France, where he 
 entered the Jesuit novitiate. Never again did he 
 set foot on his native land. When he passed it on 
 his way to America, he had permission to land and 
 visit his mother, but, like St. Francis Xavier, who de- 
 clined a similar privilege when passing through Spain 
 on his way to the Indies, he denied himself and watched 
 the shores of his native land fade from his view, and 
 with them his only opportunity of ever meeting her 
 again on earth. But if, in a spirit of mortification, he 
 denied himself in a manner such as few had ever 
 adopted before, still he thought of his mother, and 
 thought of her tenderly, for Father Merrick, president 
 of St. Francis Xavier's College, and an old Fordham 
 student, tells us that Father Murphy often told his 
 boys that " there had been a time when he wore long 
 curls, and his mother thought him as handsome a boy 
 as any of their mothers thought them." 
 
 When he came to Fordham, although he was little 
 more than fifty years of age, his hair was perfectly 
 white, his form was thin and spare, and the deep, 
 thoughtful expression of his intellectual face was height- 
 
78 A HISTOKY OF FOBDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 ened by a pair of glasses. He was not an orator, al- 
 though what he said carried weight and conviction with 
 it. His forte was literature ; he was a great purist, 
 and an enthusiastic admirer of the classics of the last 
 century. Of his teaching it has been said : " There 
 may have been a method in it, as there is said to be in 
 some people's madness, but it would puzzle anyone to 
 find it out." Certain it is, however, that unique as his 
 system may have been, and odd the means by which he 
 attained his end, the fact remains that the goal was 
 reached, the end attained. For though his pupils came 
 to his hands the rawest of raw material, he turned them 
 out so wonderfully developed that the most stupid and 
 indolent would be able to accomplish something in the 
 way of literary work. 
 
 When a debate or other similar literary exercise was 
 in preparation it was his custom (for such affairs were 
 usually under his direction) to call the orators in turn 
 to his room, there to read aloud their productions. 
 The student would probably find him shaving, and then, 
 with his face covered with lather, gesticulating with 
 the razor in his hand, he would correct mistakes, point 
 out shortcomings, and sometimes, when thoroughly 
 warmed up, would hold forth for a half-hour for the 
 edification of his single listener. He had an inex- 
 haustible fund of stories, and had a quaint manner 
 of attaching great interest to the most commonplace 
 remarks. His class was said to be a source of pleas- 
 ure and entertainment even to the most indolent 
 and indifferent, such was the charm of his manner 
 and the delightful way he had of imparting informa- 
 tion. 
 
 Father Murphy was a constant sufferer from dys- 
 
PRESIDENCY OF FATHER THEBAUD. 79 
 
 pepsia, but, unlike many victims of that irritating 
 disease, he caused no discomfort to those who sur- 
 rounded him. He kept his sufferings to himself, was 
 uniformly kind and genial, and lived to a ripe old age, 
 a constant source of pleasure and enjoyment to all who 
 were associated with him. His malady was eventually 
 the cause of his leaving New York, where he had been 
 superior of the mission for several years. From New 
 York he went directly to St. Louis, Mo., where he 
 became superior of the province. From there he went 
 to New Orleans, where he was at the time of the late 
 war. While there he made the acquaintance of Gen- 
 eral Banks, with whom he became so intimate that 
 when the people of the city wanted any favor or con- 
 cession, they knew no surer means of having it granted 
 than by securing the intercession of the " Yankee priest." 
 He ended his days at New Orleans, at an advanced 
 age. 
 
 Among the students who figured in that first epoch 
 in the history of Fordham, as a university, we find the 
 names of many men who have since served church or 
 state faithfully and well. First among them, for many 
 reasons, from the dignity of the position which he 
 afterward attained, from the character he sustained in 
 college, and the esteem in which he was held by both 
 faculty and students, was Bishop Rosecrans. He was 
 among the first students to enter the new college, and 
 immediately established a reputation for steadiness, up- 
 rightness, and studiousness that soon placed him in 
 the front rank among his fellows, and enabled him to 
 exert a wonderful influence over them. He was one 
 of the four who received the degree of Bachelor of 
 Arts at the second annual Commencement of the 
 
80 A HISTORY OF FORDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 college, July 15, 1847.* His address on that occasion 
 was pronounced a brilliant and scholarly effort, and 
 was published in full in the report of the exercises 
 which appeared the following day in the New York 
 Herald. The three other young men to receive degrees 
 on that memorable day were Peter McCarron, Thomas 
 Dolan, both of whom, like Bishop Rosecrans, entered 
 the priesthood, and, like him also, have gone over to 
 the " great majority ; " and Andrew J. Smith, who is 
 still delving in the " dusky purlieus of the law." 
 
 The published account of that commencement may 
 possibly be of interest to our readers, so we reproduce 
 it, in part, as it appeared in the Herald of July 16th : 
 
 The first annual Commencement of this newly incorporated col- 
 lege took place at Fordham yesterday afternoon. All the regular 
 trains of cars on the Harlem Eailroad were crowded during the 
 morning, and at 1 o'clock P.M. an extra train of six cars was des- 
 patched to take up passengers, whose business or other engage- 
 ments kept them in the city until that hour. 
 
 The exercises were conducted in a large tent, erected for the 
 occasion on the beautiful lawn in front of the college buildings, 
 where, after the passengers from the last train had taken their 
 places, there were present about two thousand persons, among 
 whom we observed members of the city legislature, officers of the 
 army, and other public persons, besides hundreds of pretty girls, 
 beautiful young ladies, and good-looking matrons. 
 
 On the stage were seated Bishop Hughes, Bishop McCloskey, 
 Joseph E. Chandler, Esq., of Philadelphia, Rev. Mr. Starrs, Rev. 
 Mr. Bayley, Rev. Mr. C. Loudon, Canada, and Rev. Messrs. 
 McCarron, O'Neil, McLellan, of this city, and the faculty of the 
 
 * In the reports of this event which appeared in the daily papers at the 
 time, it is called the first annual Commencement. This is wrong. The first 
 Commencement was held in 1846, immediately after the charter was received. 
 At this first Commencement Bishop Hughes, in the course of his address, an- 
 nounced that the college was to be given into the charge of the Jesuits. 
 
PRESIDENCY OF FATHER THEBAUD. 81 
 
 college Father Augustus J. Thebaud, President; Father John 
 Larkin, Vice-President ; Father William S. Murphy, Father 
 Charles De Luynes, Father Louis Petit, Father H. Du Merle. 
 
 There were only four graduates, upon whom devolved the duty 
 of delivering the orations, of which one was a discourse on Rus- 
 sia, by Mr. Charles De Bull.* It was a creditable performance, 
 showing considerable historical knowledge and a happy turn of 
 thought reflection based upon past occurrences. 
 
 The next oration was a Latin performance, De Laudibus Lingucs 
 Lat. Oratio, by P. McGovern, who articulated clearly, and ac- 
 quitted himself in all respects well, in a Latin speech of consider- 
 able length. 
 
 The third was a discourse on O'Connell, by P. McCarron, who, 
 with a modest introduction, prefaced some quite eloquent remarks 
 in laudation of the lamented Irish statesman. 
 
 A discourse on "Chivalry," a good composition, was delivered 
 by Mr. Andrew J. Smith, who was also the honored graduate who 
 delivered the Valedictory Address. 
 
 The last discourse . . . was of course the best, and was in 
 consequence reserved till the last. It was written and delivered 
 by Mr. S. H. Rosecrans, whose father is now Professor of Civil 
 Engineering at West Point. It was entitled " Nothing Original." 
 
 Here follows the address, which we omit. 
 
 Next came the ceremony of conferring degrees. The degree of 
 Bachelor of Arts was conferred upon Messrs. Thomas Dolan, Andrew 
 Smith, S. M. Rosecrans, and P. McCarron. Mr. Smith was also 
 honored with the degree of Master of Arts. The diplomas were 
 given to the young gentlemen. The vice-president, Father Larkin, 
 made a very happy address to the graduates, reminding them of 
 their prospective duties, etc. The premiums were then distributed 
 to the students and scholars of the preparatory schools. 
 
 Then follows a long list of prize-winners in various 
 branches. 
 
 * This is an error ; neither Mr. De Bull nor Mr. McGovera were graduated 
 that year. 
 
A HISTORY OF FOEDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 The valedictory address was next delivered by Andrew J. Smith, 
 A.B., who, in an able manner, took leave of his classmates and the 
 faculty. Bishop Hughes, being requested, then came forward and 
 made some very happy remarks, appropriate to the occasion, after 
 which the assemblage broke up. 
 
 An interesting relic of this Commencement day came 
 to light within the last few years and was given to the 
 public through the columns of the Fordham Monthly. 
 It is an address, written on paper once white, but which 
 has become yellow and discolored at the hand of time. 
 It reads as follows : 
 
 MR ANDREW J. SMITH, MB. SYLVESTEB ROSECBANS, MB. PETEB Mc- 
 
 CABEON. 
 
 GENTLEMEN : I am commissioned by the faculty of St. John's Col- 
 lege to hand to each of you a diploma of Bachelor of Arts. This 
 diploma is the solemn and authentic proof of the favorable judg- 
 ment which the Faculty of this institution, after due examination 
 and mature consideration, have formed both of your intellectual 
 capacity and of your moral conduct and principles. By these doc- 
 uments which are public, by the authority from which they emanate, 
 by the object they have in view, and by the circumstances under 
 which they are handed to you, we stand committed before the 
 world, unless by the rectitude of your future conduct and steady 
 application to your respective duties you justify our decision. 
 
 For, gentlemen, let me impress upon your minds that, by ask- 
 ing for and receiving the academic honors, you enter into a solemn 
 and public engagement to show yourselves worthy of the dis- 
 tinction which is conferred on you. This distinction is conferred 
 upon you, not in our name, but in the name and by the authority 
 of the Eepublic, and to the Kepublic both we and you are re- 
 sponsible. If the Kepublic invests us with a discretionary power 
 to decorate with these distinctions those whom we judge worthy, 
 it expects, and it has a right to expect, that they should show 
 themselves on all occasions, in word and in deed, friends of law 
 
PRESIDENCY OF FATHER THEBAUD. 83 
 
 and order, defenders of truth and justice, supporters of sound 
 morality. 
 
 Receive your diploma of Bachelor of Arts, and remember the 
 engagements which you contract. 
 
 A query accompanied the publication of this docu- 
 ment, calling for information as to who delivered the 
 address. It is more than probable that it was Father 
 Larkin, because according to the newspaper report of 
 the occurrence he addressed the graduates. 
 
 In the list of prize-winners to which I have alluded, 
 the name that most frequently occurs is that of Charles 
 De Bull. There is no record of his graduation, and he 
 is not numbered among the alumni, yet he appears to 
 have been among the foremost students of his time. 
 Both his professors and fellow-students who have been 
 known to express an opinion of him, have spoken of 
 him in the highest terms. The late Father Doucet 
 said : " De Bull was a boy the like of whom you will 
 meet once in a lifetime. He had a wonderful influence 
 for good among the other students," and Father Mer- 
 rick speaks of him as " our St. Aloysius." He died in 
 Home. 
 
 Among the other students under Father Thebaud's 
 presidency who have won distinction in the world and 
 reflected credit on their alma mater, we may name 
 Vicar-General William Keegan, of the diocese of Brook- 
 lyn, and Judge Henry H. Dodge, of Perrysburg, O., 
 both of the class of '49. Vicar-General Keegan was a 
 native of Ireland, although educated in this country, 
 and was a warm personal friend in after-life of Father 
 Thebaud. He died in May, 1890, at the age of sixty-six 
 years. Judge Dodge, as I have said, was a classmate 
 of Father Keegan, and since his graduation has followed 
 
84: A HISTORY OF FOEDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 the practice of law. It is said that in his school-days 
 he was not very prepossessing, and was very awkward 
 when he made his first speech. " But," says one who 
 knew him then, " no one minded that ; all we paid at- 
 tention to was the precocious gravity and maturity of 
 the young man." 
 
 There was Michael O'Connor, of Charleston, S. C., 
 also of the class of '49, a fiery Secessionist and brother 
 of Lawrence O'Connor who is mentioned in a previous 
 chapter. He became a member of Congress after the 
 war, and the degree of LL.D. was conferred on him by 
 the college in 1881. The catalogue of that year records 
 the awarding of the degree, and adds, in a footnote, 
 that he " died since the degree was conferred." And 
 we must not omit Father Merrick, to whom we have 
 already referred more than once, "the irrepressible 
 Merrick," as Judge Dodge has termed him. He was of 
 the class of '50, entered the Society of Jesus, and is now 
 president of St. Francis Xavier's College, New York. 
 Other well-known students of that time were the Very 
 Reverend John A. Kelly, '51, Vicar-General of the dio- 
 cese of Trenton, who died in February, 1891 ; Law- 
 rence O'Connor and the Very Reverend James Hughes, 
 Vicar-General of Hartford diocese, both of whom we 
 mentioned before; the Reverend William Plowden 
 Morrogh, '49, who became superior of St. Joseph's Ec- 
 clesiastical Seminary at Fordham, and afterward pastor 
 of the Church of the Immaculate Conception, in New 
 York ; the Reverend Daniel Fisher, '48, first rector of 
 Seton Hall College, South Orange, N. J. ; Felix Ken- 
 nedy, and Daniel Gray. The first to receive the degree 
 of LL.D. from Fordham was the learned Dr. Orestes 
 A. Brownson, on whom this distinguished honor was 
 
PRESIDENCY OF FATHER TH^BAUD. 85 
 
 conferred in 1850. Dr. John Gilmary Shea, the emi- 
 nent Catholic historian, was a member of the faculty 
 in 1848 and 1849. 
 
 Several changes worthy of note took place during 
 the last years of Father Thebaud's presidency. In 
 1850 the students' library was established, the room 
 assigned for it being in the building where the music- 
 rooms and wardrobe are now. The previous year the 
 annual retreat, which had hitherto been held during 
 Lent, was given in October, which time has been se- 
 lected ever since. 
 
CHAPTEE VIII. 
 
 FATHEE LABKIN AS PBESEDENT. 
 
 FATHER TH:BAUD'S successor in the presidency of 
 Fordham was the Reverend John Larkin, to whom we 
 have referred on more than one occasion in the pre- 
 ceding chapters of this work. He had entered the so- 
 ciety in Kentucky, had come from that place to Ford- 
 ham, and had been vice-president during the Jesuits' 
 first year there. He is described as one of the hand- 
 somest, most courtly, and most erudite men that Ford- 
 ham had ever seen. He was a man among men, a man 
 once known never forgotten. " No man," says the late 
 Mr. Hassard, " who was at St. John's between 1851 
 and 1854 can speak of Father John Larkin without 
 a quickening pulse. For me, ever since I first saw 
 him, thirty-five years ago, the college has been filled 
 with his majestic presence." Mr. Hassard fairly idolized 
 Father Larkin, as indeed did nearly every student who 
 was connected with St. John's during those early years. 
 
 " A great many of the Jesuits," continues Mr. Has- 
 sard, " were fine-looking men, but none of us had ever 
 seen just such a type of masculine beauty as this, big 
 rosy Englishman. He was immensely stout. Soon 
 after he arrived, I remember taking a younger brother 
 of mine to a place where we could look at him across 
 the fence as he read his office in the garden. * Isn't he 
 fat ! ' we exclaimed ; and we both added : * But how, 
 
REV. JOHN LARKIN, SJ. 
 
 5TH PRESIDENT. 
 
FATHER LAEKIN AS PRESIDENT. 87 
 
 handsome he is ! 7 Although his face was too full, the 
 exquisite outlines of his classical features were not ob- 
 scured ; he had the mouth of a young Greek god ; in 
 his eye there was a singular union of mildness and 
 penetration ; his large head was crowned with fine 
 silky brown hair, rather long and wavy, and brushed 
 well back from his broad forehead. His voice, like 
 that of most short-necked people of apoplectic habit, 
 was apt to be a little husky, but it was perfectly modu- 
 lated, and his enunciation was a marvel of distinctness. 
 To hear him talk was a lesson in elocution. Neither 
 his preaching nor his conversation gave you the idea 
 of labored precision ; it was fluent, easy, direct, natu- 
 ral; but every word had its just emphasis and exact 
 pronunciation, and every sentence its sure balance. 
 There is a certain tone of speech rarely acquired ex- 
 cept by persons of thorough education and high breed- 
 ing ; it indicates familiarity with the best usages, re- 
 fined taste, self-possession, composure. Father Larkin 
 had more of that than any man I ever met except 
 James E-ussell Lowell." 
 
 Such was Father Larkin as he appeared to an admir- 
 ing pupil genial, polished, scholarly, a perfect type of 
 the true Christian gentleman. His influence over the 
 students of Fordham was truly wonderful ; and it was 
 an influence that did not cease to act when the student 
 went forth into the world free from the check and 
 restraint of college life, but it was carried forth and 
 remained in its effects long after many another im- 
 pression had worn away. 
 
 A little incident happened during the first year of 
 Father Larkin's presidency that aptly illustrates the 
 unreasoning manner in which the average boy will act, 
 
88 A HISTOEY OF FOEDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 and the wrong motives which he will ascribe for acts 
 which he does not understand. For some unknown 
 reason no holiday was given on St. Patrick's day of 
 Father Larkin's first year as president. The boys de- 
 manded a holiday, but their request was denied. It 
 immediately became noised among the students that in 
 thus refusing he was actuated by prejudice, and that 
 being an Englishman, his antipathy to anything Irish 
 had caused him to take his stand against the holiday. 
 It was only required that a rumor of this kind be 
 started for belief to seize a firm hold on the boys, and 
 a plot for revenge was set on foot. On the evening of 
 March 16th, when the boys assembled for prayers, 
 everyone was well supplied with marbles of the small, 
 cheap variety. At a given time one of the ringleaders 
 sent a marble through the nearest pane of glass. That 
 was the signal, and from all sides came the cracking of 
 glass as one after another took up the mischievous 
 work. In vain the prefect watched ; by a deft move- 
 ment of the fingers a marble could be propelled with 
 sufficient force to break a pane of glass, and the move- 
 ment so concealed as to make discovery almost impos- 
 sible. This was kept up that night in the dormitory 
 and next day in the class-rooms, study-hall, and refec- 
 tory, until there was hardly a pane of glass in the house 
 left unbroken. But, as is usual in such cases, the ring- 
 leaders were discovered and summarily expelled, and 
 the other offenders were promised immunity from pun- 
 ishment, if each would report to the treasurer how 
 many panes he had broken, in order that he might be 
 obliged to pay for them. The quaking conspirators 
 gladly availed themselves of this opportunity, and es- 
 caped further punishment. 
 
FATHER LARKIN AS PRESIDENT. 89 
 
 The Csecilia Society at that time gave frequent mu- 
 sical entertainments, the most important of which was 
 generally given on Evacuation day, November 25th, 
 and Father Larkin introduced the custom of giving 
 musical and literary entertainments on Washington's 
 birthday, St. Patrick's day, and St. John the Baptist's 
 day. It will be seen, therefore, how unfounded were 
 the opinions of the boys on his alleged prejudice. 
 
 During Father Larkin's presidency the Know-Noth- 
 ing troubles were at their height. Two meetings were 
 held on Fordham Heights for the purpose of organizing 
 to burn the college. A Mr. Cole, a blacksmith on the 
 Kingsbridge road, threatened to expose the plot if they 
 did not desist, and the attack on the college was frus- 
 trated. At this time the government furnished the 
 college with twelve muskets for the better defence of 
 the institution. These muskets lay around until the 
 beginning of the civil war, when one of a number of 
 boys who were playing with the arms was stabbed in 
 the groin by a bayonet, and the guns were then put 
 away out of reach. In later years they became the 
 property of the Dramatic Association, and figured in 
 many a performance on the college boards. Some of 
 them are still to be found in the Property Room of the 
 Dramatic Association. November 3, 1853, the Papal 
 Legate, Monsignore Bedim, visited the college with 
 Bishop Hughes and the Bishop of Brooklyn, and a re- 
 ception was tendered them by the students. 
 
 Father Larkin was president until 1854, and through- 
 out his entire term was a great favorite with the boys. 
 It is probable that no member of the faculty since the 
 founding of the college ever acquired such an extra- 
 ordinary influence over the students of all ages as did 
 
90 A HISTORY OF FORDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 Father Larkin, and there was no one, perhaps, whose 
 memory has Been so faithfully cherished by his old 
 pupils as- that of this handsome, genial Englishman. 
 And this wonderful attachment was not on the part of 
 the students alone. The prefects and teachers had just 
 as strong a regard for him. " I know," adds Mr. Has- 
 sard, " that Father Gockeln almost worshipped the 
 ground he trod upon.' 7 
 
 During Father Larkin's last year as president, 
 Father Gockeln arrived from Canada and succeeded 
 Father Ouellet as Prefect of Discipline. The change 
 was a welcome one to the boys, for Father Ouellet's 
 methods of enforcing discipline were severe, almost 
 to harshness. He was an excellent disciplinarian, but 
 one whose manner and course of action were likely 
 to render him very unpopular. Later he taught in 
 the Commercial course, or " Purgatory," as it was 
 commonly called, where he had as a pupil James 
 McMahon, afterward Colonel James McMahon, who 
 served with such distinction and was killed in the 
 civil war. He was a brother of General Martin T. 
 McMahon, '55, who, with Hassard and Arthur Francis, 
 founded and managed the Goose-Quill, the first journal- 
 istic effort that Fordham had ever known. The Ooose- 
 Quittj of which we shall say more in its proper place, 
 was started during Father Larkin's term as president, 
 but not with his entire approval. He was very con- 
 servative and abhorred newspapers ; he would not 
 allow them to have it printed. 
 
 Many years later, when the call of duty summoned 
 Father Ouellet to the bloody scenes of the civil war, 
 he acted well his part. He was chaplain of the Sixty- 
 ninth New York Regiment, and was always found 
 
I UN!VR 
 V OF 
 
 X sg^L/FOi 
 
 SITY 
 
 FATHEE LAEKIN AS PEESIDENT. 91 
 
 where the dying lay closest, where the danger was 
 greatest, caring nothing for himself and endangering 
 his life at every movement. There were others, too, 
 of the Fordham fathers who went to the front in those 
 trying times, and won renown (and something more) 
 by their bravery and self-sacrifice. "Father Nash," 
 says General McMahon, " did more to discipline Billy 
 Wilson's Zouaves than all their officers." Father Tis- 
 sot, who was acting president of Fordham in 1864 and 
 '65, was another who distinguished himself in that un- 
 happy struggle, and by his bravery and devotion at 
 Antietam attracted the attention of General Hancock. 
 
 These are, to a certain extent, digressions, as the in- 
 cidents detailed happened at a much later period than 
 that of which we are treating, but they are subjects in 
 which Fordham should glory, and therefore worthy of 
 place in these pages. 
 
 Let us return therefore to our story. One afternoon 
 before the close of Father Larkin's term, the usual 
 stillness of the study hour was broken by the entrance 
 of the president accompanied by a strange gentleman. 
 Proceeding to the platform at the end of the study- 
 hall, he introduced the stranger as the distinguished 
 Irish patriot, Thomas Francis Meagher, who had just 
 escaped from penal servitude in Van Diemen's Land, 
 whither he had been sentenced for his devotion to the 
 cause of his country. He spoke to the assembled stu- 
 dents, on the subject that was nearest to his heart, with 
 that warmth and fervor, that fiery eloquence that 
 made him one of the most fascinating and magnetic 
 orators of his day. In connection with this address a 
 story is told of the Reverend Thomas J. Mooney, then 
 a student in the college, but now many years deceased. 
 
A HISTOBY OF FOEDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 Father Mooney was a native of Birmingham, England, 
 and as the boys passed out of the hall at the close of 
 Meagher's impassioned harangue, he turned to a friend, 
 Mr. Joseph Kinney, of New York, and remarked that 
 he never was ashamed of being an Englishman until 
 that day, but such was the effect of Meagher's burn- 
 ing words, his vivid picture of the wrongs of his coun- 
 try, that the Englishman was obliged to blush for the 
 land of his nativity. Mr. Kinney, from whom we have 
 this incident, recalls another notable event that hap- 
 pened about the same time, a visit and address by that 
 other distinguished Irishman, Father Theobald Math- 
 ew. Father Mathew addressed the boys in the same 
 study-hall, and concluded his remarks by asking for a 
 holiday, which was promptly granted. 
 
 Among the students of that period the most notable 
 was undoubtedly the late John R. G. Hassard, '55, the 
 distinguished journalist, who died in the spring of 
 1888. His career in college was one of unqualified 
 success. He was revered by fellow-students and pro- 
 fessors alike ; by the latter he was looked upon as a 
 young man of more than ordinary uprightness and 
 steadiness, while among the boys his influence for good 
 was truly wonderful. He was an ardent lover of mu- 
 sic and literature, and even before his graduation had 
 become a master of English style. Shortly after his 
 graduation he was appointed one of the writers on the 
 "American Encyclopaedia," and was rapidly advanced 
 by Messrs. Eipley and Dana until he became managing 
 editor. He was later private secretary to Mr. Dana 
 and associated with him in several journalistic ven- 
 tures. In his last years he was connected with the 
 New York Tribune as musical critic. 
 
FATHER LARKIN AS PRESIDENT. 93 
 
 Mr. Hassard, General Martin T. McMahon, and Ar- 
 thur Francis, all of the class of '55, were the editors of 
 the Goose- Quill, of which mention has several times 
 been made in this work. Arthur Francis died shortly 
 after graduation, and the only surviving member of 
 the editorial staff of the Goose- Quill, and, indeed, of 
 that whole class, is General McMahon. Mr. Thomas B. 
 Connery, who was for many years editor-in-chief of the 
 New York Herald, and was afterward secretary to the 
 American Legation at Mexico, was graduated in '53 ; 
 and the Reverend Dr. Richard Brennan, A.M., '54, a 
 well-known divine of the archdiocese of New York, 
 was among those who received their degrees at this 
 time. 
 
 In 1852, the Reverend Louis Jouin, S. J., a famous 
 philosopher, mathematician, and linguist, and now the 
 venerable professor of philosophy in the post-graduate 
 course, came to Fordham and took charge of a class in 
 mathematics, in which were Mr. Hassard, General Mc- 
 Mahon, and other well-known men. Father Jouin was 
 later appointed vice-president. He is the author of 
 several text-books which are now in use at Fordham 
 and many other colleges. His "Logic and Metaphysics," 
 " Moral Philosophy," and " Evidences of Religion," have 
 each reached a fourth edition. Monsignor Bernard 
 O'Reilly, who has since left the order, was a member 
 of the faculty of Fordham for a number of years, hav- 
 ing been professor of belles-lettres under Father Larkin. 
 
CHAPTER IX. 
 
 ST. JOHN'S UNDER FATHER TELLIER. RETURN OF 
 FATHER THEBAUD. FATHERS DOUCET AND TISSOT. 
 
 IN 1854 the presidency of Fordham passed from 
 Father Larkin to the Reverend Remigius Tellier. 
 Few changes were made in the outward appearance of 
 the college during the latter's term of office, which 
 lasted until 1860 ; and such as were made pertained 
 to the domestic department, and are not therefore of 
 vital interest. In 1855 the Mathematical course was 
 arranged as follows : in classics, algebra was taught ; 
 in belles-lettres, geometry and trigonometry ; in rhet- 
 oric, the second part of trigonometry and analytical 
 geometry ; and in philosophy, the second part of ana- 
 lytical geometry and mechanics. The following year 
 calculus was added to the course. The semi-annual ex- 
 aminations were inaugurated this year, one in Febru- 
 ary and one in June ; and a third division of the stu- 
 dents was established. This was, as now, for very 
 young boys, and occupied the building corresponding 
 to the " castle," in which are now the shoe shop and 
 bakery. 
 
 But the most important event that took place under 
 Father Tellier' s presidency was the founding of the 
 St. John's Debating Society. This organization was 
 established in 1854. 
 
 Under the constitution the president was appointed 
 
REV. REMTGIUS TELLIER, SJ. 
 
 6TH PRESIDENT. 
 
ST. JOHN'S UNDER FATHER TELLIER. 95 
 
 by the faculty, and was generally, although not neces- 
 sarily so, the professor of rhetoric. The other officers 
 were selected by ballot. On the first board of offi- 
 cers we find the Reverend M. C. Smarius, S. J., presi- 
 dent, General McMahon, vice-president, and Mr. Has- 
 sard, secretary. The Crimean war was uppermost in 
 men's minds at that time, and the question debated at 
 the first meeting was, " Were the Western powers, as 
 Christian nations, justified in espousing the cause of the 
 Turks ? " The spirit with which the members entered 
 into the discussion may be judged from the fact that 
 the debate lasted through three or four sessions, and 
 was marked by earnest and enthusiastic work. 
 
 Rose Hill rejoiced in those days in a choir that had 
 attained a high degree of proficiency. Tinder the lead- 
 ership of Mr. Hector Glackmeyer, S. J., assisted by Mr. 
 Doucet, afterward Father Doucet, president of the 
 college, and Brother Julius Mace, it had acquired such 
 familiarity with music that the most difficult composi- 
 tions were not beyond its endeavor. Mr. Glackmeyer 
 and Mr. Doucet were accomplished and cultivated sing- 
 ers, and Brother Mac6 was an organist and pianist of 
 rare talent and ability. He was a pupil of the famous 
 Bertini, and a fellow-student and intimate friend of 
 Gottschalk. 
 
 It is said that on one occasion, when the latter was 
 performing * before a large and admiring audience, he 
 was secretly informed that his old friend Brother 
 Mace" was present in the hall. He immediately came 
 forward and announced that there was one present 
 whose talents he considered superior to his own ; he 
 begged his friend to set aside his wonted modesty 
 and come forward to take his, the speaker's, place. At 
 
A HISTOEY OF FOEDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 this point several of the audience noticed Brother 
 Mace nervously making his way toward the street, 
 and, although they had never seen him before, sus- 
 pected that he was the gentleman to whom the great 
 musician referred. They stopped him in spite of his 
 protests, and the attention of the entire audience was 
 attracted. Remonstrance was now in vain, and amid 
 the plaudits of the multitude the humble lay-brother 
 of the Society of Jesus was escorted to the platform, 
 where he was soon playing to the delight of a ravished 
 audience. 
 
 A strong attachment existed between the saintly 
 brother and his old master, and after the death of the 
 former, in 1889, a valuable souvenir of their friend- 
 ship was found among his papers. It was an auto- 
 graph copy of one of Beethoven's sonatas, with annota- 
 tions by Bertini, which had been presented by the 
 latter to his favorite pupil. 
 
 Brother Mace" was a native of Nantes, the chief 
 town of the Loire-Inferieure. He was born in 1822, 
 and entered the Jesuit novitiate, as a lay-brother, in 
 1847. He came to America the following year, and 
 the subsequent forty-one years of his life were spent 
 at Fordham. 
 
 Journalism at St. John's did not entirely die out 
 with the demise of the Goose-Quill, which occurred in 
 1855 or 1856. Several efforts were made to revive 
 the spirit, but they were futile. Sent, The Collegian, 
 and a less pretentious sheet published on Second Di- 
 vision, called The Spy, in turn sprang into existence, 
 sickened, and died, and then the spirit of journalism lay 
 dormant for over twenty years. 
 
 But another event of considerable importance took 
 
ST. JOHN'S UNDER FATHER TELLIER. 97 
 
 place during the presidency of Father Tellier, an event 
 which is of more interest to the average college stu- 
 dent than the struggles of ambitious journalists. We 
 refer to the organization of the college base-ball team. 
 It was the first step toward an organized athletic as- 
 sociation, and for many years the only field of athlet- 
 ics in which Fordharn was represented. Cricket and 
 "rounders" had been favorite pastimes, but as base- 
 ball grew in public favor, the other sports lost ground 
 and were gradually dropped. For years the new game 
 was played without any attempt at organization, but it 
 was before a movement was started in that direction. 
 The first regular team was organized September 13, 
 1859, under the name of the Rose Hill Base-ball Club, 
 the college at that time being generally known as Rose 
 Hill College. The first game was played on Novem- 
 ber 3, 1859, with a team from St. Francis Xavier's 
 College, New York. The score at the end of the 
 sixth inning was 33-11, in favor of Rose Hill. 
 
 In 1857 the first dramatic entertainment of any 
 pretensions was given in the study-hall by the mem- 
 bers of the Classes of Belles-lettres and Classics. A 
 programme of this entertainment is in the possession of 
 the Dramatic Association. 
 
 The attendance at the college was slowly increasing, 
 year by year, and in 1856 there were nearly two hun- 
 dred students in the house. Among the graduates of 
 1860 we find the name of Winand M. Wigger, now 
 Bishop of Newark, N. J. Three years before General 
 James R. O'Beirne received his diploma ; and in 1857, 
 the Rev. Dr. Henry A. Brann, of New York, was 
 added to the ranks of the Fordham graduates. Gen- 
 eral McMahon, Mr. Hassard, Arthur Francis, the 
 
 7 
 
98 A HISTORY OF FOKDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 Rev. James L. Conron, all of the class of '55 ; Mr. 
 Joseph J. Marvin, '58, and Mr. Peter A. Hargous, '57, 
 were also among those graduated under Father Tellier. 
 In 1859, one year before Father Tellier's retirement 
 from the presidency, the first of the prizes for the 
 graduating class was established. In that year Arch- 
 bishop Hughes founded the medal for the best biograph- 
 ical essay. It is of gold, worth fifty dollars, and is 
 donated every year by some friend of the college. The 
 following year, 1860, Father Tellier, after filling the 
 office of president for six years, retired, and Father 
 Thebaud was reappointed for another term to the office 
 he had left vacant nine years before. This, his second 
 term, was marked by several events of importance. In 
 September, 1860, the second year of philosophy, or 
 post-graduate course, was instituted, and the Seminary 
 building and church purchased from Archbishop 
 Hughes for $85,000. The same year a marble quarry 
 in Tremont was purchased by the college, and a blue- 
 stone quarry was opened in the woods near the 
 Bronx. These two quarries have supplied the ma- 
 terial for all the buildings, except the new Faculty 
 building, that have been erected since that time. 
 About this time an addition was made to the college 
 property by the purchase of a portion of the Powell 
 farm. This farm was an estate that adjoined Rose 
 Hill on the south, and at the time of the accession of 
 the Jesuits to the college the Powell farm-house was 
 the only building in sight. It had been occupied until 
 a short time previous as a school for young men, con- 
 ducted by the Reverend Mr. Powell, an Episcopalian 
 minister, but had been closed. When the Jesuits took 
 possession of the college, Father Thebaud was anxious 
 
ST. JOHN'S UNDER FATHER TELLIER. 99 
 
 to purchase a portion of the Powell property, but his 
 superiors did not consider it advisable to increase the 
 debt, and the project was abandoned. Later, however, 
 when the property was placed on the market, it was 
 deemed advisable to negotiate for the purchase, and 
 consequently the lower part of the lawn was extended 
 to what is now Pelham Avenue. 
 
 In 1861 Father Thebaud built a three-story wooden 
 house, with curb roof and odd-looking dormer windows, 
 at the rear of the refectory wing and on the edge of 
 the garden. This building was devoted to the use of 
 Third Division, the recreation-room being on the first 
 floor, the study -hall on the second, and the top floor 
 being presumably used as a dormitory. At right an- 
 gles with this building, adjoining the southern end and 
 separating Second and Third Divisions, was the one- 
 story wooden building that formerly extended back 
 from the central stone building. It will be remem- 
 bered that during Father Thebaud's first term this 
 building was removed and a three-story brick extension 
 erected which is still standing. 
 
 In 1862 the gatekeeper's lodge was built. It has 
 been said that it was built as an experiment to test the 
 endurance of the stone supplied by the newly opened 
 quarry in the woods. That the test was satisfactory 
 needs no further assurance than the fact that the four 
 college buildings since erected have been made of the 
 same material. 
 
 Father Thebaud's next care was for the improvement 
 of the approach from the gate to the college buildings. 
 We have already seen that the grounds were shaded by 
 numbers of venerable elms. Father Thebaud laid out 
 the avenues as they are to-day, and planted young trees 
 
100 A HISTORY OF FORDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 in such a way that they lined both avenues from the 
 gate to the entrance of the main building. 
 
 On March 26, 1862, the St. John's Historical Associ- 
 ation was established. The object of the association is 
 to encourage historical research and promote the inves- 
 tigation and diffusion of historical truth. The moder- 
 ator is appointed by the faculty, and the other officers 
 are elected semi-annually. 
 
 We now reach a period in the history of St. John's 
 which is interesting in many ways, but particularly 
 from the association with the college and its profes- 
 sors of that most unfortunate and most maligned of 
 men, and most fascinating of poets, Edgar Allan Poe. 
 
 The period we refer to is that of the latter part of 
 Father Th^baud's term of office, and that of his suc- 
 cessor, Father Doucet. This gentleman was a famous 
 musician and a preacher of no mean ability, to whom 
 we have more than once referred in these pages. He 
 succeeded Father Thebaud in the latter part of 1863. 
 He was a close friend of poor Poe, who loved to wan- 
 der about the college grounds and mingle with the 
 fathers, with all of whom he was on terms of the 
 closest intimacy. 
 
 " I knew him well," said Father Doucet, on one occa- 
 sion. " In bearing and countenance he was extremely 
 refined. His features were somewhat sharp and very 
 thoughtful. He was well informed on all matters. I 
 always thought he was a gentleman by nature and in- 
 stinct." 
 
 Father Doucet always indignantly denied the state- 
 ment so freely made that Poe looked like one worn out 
 by dissipation and excess. The unfortunate poet had 
 one weakness, a weakness that amounted almost to a 
 
REV. EDWARD DOUCET, SJ. 
 
 STH PRESIDENT. 
 
ST. JOHN'S UNDER FATHER TELLIER. 101 
 
 malady, but against which he fought manfully and well. 
 Poor Poe ! His enemies, for he had many, made cap- 
 ital out of his weakness, and hounded him with an 
 animosity and a persistency that would have broken 
 a less sturdy spirit. 
 
 Father Doucet did not long continue to exercise the 
 functions of president. At the end of his first year he 
 was called away to Europe, and his duties then de- 
 volved on the vice-president, the Reverend Peter Tissot. 
 At the end of another year it became necessary to make 
 a change, and Father Tissot was retired and the Rever- 
 end William Moylan, S.J., appointed in his stead. 
 
CHAPTER X. 
 
 FATHER MOYLAN. FATHER SHEA. FATHER GOOKELN. 
 
 FATHER MOYLAN, the new president, was a native of 
 Ireland, and had come to this country at an early age. 
 Before his admission to the Society he had done a great 
 deal of missionary work as a secular priest among the 
 Indians and the fishermen at Cape Gaspe, on the shores 
 of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. On November 14, 1851, 
 at the age of twenty-nine, he was admitted to the 
 order and assigned to teach in the under-graduate 
 course at Fordham, after which he was sent to St. 
 Francis Xavier's, in West Sixteenth Street, New York, 
 and subsequently to San Francisco. In 1865 he was 
 appointed president at Fordham. 
 
 Father Moylan was in many respects a remarkable 
 man. His ability as a teacher was well known, and 
 he was ranked among the foremost preachers of the 
 time, the vigor and eloquence of his sermons having 
 won for him years before an enviable position among 
 the pulpit orators of the day. His appointment was a 
 source of great pleasure to Archbishop Hughes, who 
 esteemed him very highly. He was austere, stern, and 
 rigorous in the discharge of his duties, whatever they 
 might be or wherever they might call him. He had 
 an oddity of manner that amounted almost to eccentri- 
 city, but he was conscientious to the last degree, and 
 never once swerved a hair's-breadth from the straight 
 
REV. JOSEPH SHEA, SJ. 
 
 IOTH PRESIDENT. 
 
UNIVERSITY J 
 
FATHEES MOYLAN, SHEA, AND GOCKELN. 103 
 
 and narrow way lie had laid out for himself. He was 
 no time-server, and rich and poor, high and low were 
 all the same to him. His whole life was a model of 
 firmness and consistency. The virtues that he preached 
 from the altar and inculcated in the confessional he 
 devotedly practised in his private life. He was sharp 
 and somewhat irritable in manner, but beneath his 
 brusque exterior there beat a true and kindly heart. 
 The end came to him on the scene of his former labors. 
 He died peacefully and quietly at Fordham, January 
 14, 1891, nearly forty years after his entrance into the 
 Society. He was buried in the college cemetery. 
 
 The chief monument that Father Moylan has left 
 after him at Fordham is the Senior Hall, or First Divi- 
 sion building, which was finished under his super- 
 vision. This was the first of the college buildings 
 built of the blue stone and marble from the lately 
 acquired quarries, and was for many years the princi- 
 pal college building. 
 
 The new building was finished in the summer of 
 1867. It is a four-story building with mansard roof, 
 containing the gymnasium, reading and billiard-rooms, 
 study-hall, and dormitories of the Senior Division. 
 
 Father Moylan evidently intended this new building 
 simply as a part of an extensive plan, for the end wall 
 which faced the lawn was left in an unfinished state. 
 Something interfered with his plans, as the structure 
 was not completed, and the rough wall remained until the 
 new faculty building, erected in 1890, hid it from view. 
 
 In 1868 Father Moylan having served for the short 
 term of three years, but having accomplished a world 
 of good in that time, was replaced by Reverend Joseph 
 Shea. 
 
104 A HISTOKY OF FORDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 As we coine nearer to the present day we become 
 more interested, owing to the fact that we are dealing 
 with those whose names are still on our lips and whose 
 deeds are still green in the memory of living men. Like 
 the others, Father Shea took up the work at the point 
 at which it was dropped by his predecessor, the 
 machinery of the institution moving evenly as be- 
 fore and never slipping a cog. Father Shea's chief 
 contribution toward the outer embellishment of the 
 college was the removal of the two one-story wings 
 of the central building, and the erection in their stead 
 of the wings that now stand. In the south wing, where 
 the study-hall had been, the students' chapel is now lo- 
 cated on the first floor and the rooms of the professors 
 in the upper portion. When the new chapel in the fac- 
 ulty building (finished this summer) is ready for occu- 
 pation, the present place of worship will be used as 
 music-rooms. 
 
 To the old student who has so often knelt in wor- 
 ship in the little old chapel, it will seem like desecra- 
 tion to have other and profane sounds heard within 
 those walls that seem continually to vibrate to the 
 choir's inspiring strains of the mass and the solemn 
 measures of many a well-known hymn or canticle. But 
 there remains this grain of consolation, that the chapel 
 is devoted to a cause which, though less sublime, is not 
 a degradation of the sacred place. It will be sacred 
 to the genius of music. 
 
 The north wing still serves the purpose originally 
 designed for its predecessor. The students' refectory, 
 which occupied the old building, is now found on the 
 first floor of the edifice erected by Father Shea, while 
 the community refectory is on the second floor. An 
 
FATHEBS MOYLAN, SHEA, AND GOCKELN. 105 
 
 accident occurred during the erection of this building 
 which, although it did no injury to life or limb, was 
 yet most unfortunate. In the spring of 1869, while 
 the workmen were digging along the foundation of the 
 old refectory in order to lay the foundation for the 
 new building, the side walls and roof caved in. Fortu- 
 nately the students had just left the room and no one 
 was injured, though considerable damage was done 
 otherwise. Provision has been made, however, in the 
 new faculty building, for a refectory for students, as 
 also one for the community, and when these are com. 
 pleted the present refectory will then be given over to 
 the military and become a drill-room and armory. 
 
 Father Shea ruled the old institution for six years, 
 until 1874. The position of president at the period at 
 which he occupied it was a very trying one. The au- 
 thorities had determined to try the effect of a change 
 in the methods of management of the college, and for a 
 time the discipline was relaxed and the loose manner of 
 secular institutions prevailed at Fordham. The system 
 was given a fair trial during Father Shea's term, but it 
 was found to be a failure and abandoned. 
 
 During the later years of Father Shea's term, among 
 the additions to the faculty was one who has become a 
 most prominent figure in the later history of the 
 college, and whose name will never be forgotten by 
 any Fordhamite of the '70 to '80 period. Reverend 
 Thomas J. A. Freeman in the summer of 1872 stepped 
 into the charge of the Scientific department, and from 
 that time until 1889, with the exception of a few years 
 at intervals spent in other colleges, reigned supreme 
 over the classes of physics and chemistry. 
 
 When Father Freeman arrived at Fordham the 
 
106 A HISTORY OF FOBDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 Scientific department was not in a flourishing condi- 
 tion. The Classes of Physics and Chemistry were then 
 held in adjoining rooms in the old building that con- 
 nected the chapel wing with the " castle ; " the latter 
 building was, it may be stated, torn down last summer. 
 
 Early in 1872 the Scientific department was moved 
 to the old seminary, now St. John's Hall, which had 
 been sold to the college in 1860, as we have already 
 stated. The entire first floor, now occupied by the 
 study-hall, music and reading-rooms, was cleared and 
 elaborately fitted up. It was a welcome change from 
 the close quarters the classes had hitherto been obliged 
 to content themselves with. The rooms were large and 
 airy, and afforded ample facilities for the proper dis- 
 posal of the museum, physical apparatus, etc. The 
 upper floors were turned into rooms for the seniors, and 
 the small room in the basement, now used for a billiard- 
 room for the small boys, was occupied by the class of 
 philosophy. When this class moved, a short time after- 
 ward, to the First Division building, Father Freeman 
 took possession of the room as a workshop. Here he 
 repaired the old instruments many of which had come 
 from Kentucky in the early days of the college and 
 made many new ones. The Scientific department re- 
 mained here until 1886, when the new Science Hall, 
 begun by Father Dealy, was completed by his successor, 
 Father Campbell. 
 
 The younger generation of students of this period 
 has not yet had time to rise to the prominence attained 
 by those of an earlier day ; yet already all the grad- 
 uates of the '60's and '70's have risen to places of 
 honor and distinction in the various walks of life. 
 Several have been especially honored, as Eeverend 
 

 REV. F. W. GOCKELN, SJ. 
 
 IITH PRESIDENT. 
 
FATHERS MOYLAN, SHEA, AND GOCKELN. 107 
 
 Charles F. H. O'Neill, '74, who died in 1888 at Peoria, 
 111. He had been appointed two years before to the 
 position of pastor to the cathedral in Peoria, and a short 
 time later was raised to the dignity of chancellor of the 
 diocese. Morgan J. O'Brien, '72, of this city, who gra- 
 duated in 1872, was chosen by the Democratic party 
 in 1887 as their candidate for judge of the Supreme 
 Court of the State of New York, and elected by a large 
 majority, and has worn the ermine of his office without 
 reproach. Among others was Edward Bermudez, A.M., 
 '74, of New Orleans, La., who has also risen to the 
 bench ; Joaquin Arrita, '71, who was in this country in 
 the fall of 1889 as secretary to the representative of 
 San Salvador to the Pan- American Congress then in 
 session, and John B. Shea, '74, of Fordham, who cred- 
 itably served a term in the State Legislature at Albany 
 and has filled other public positions since. 
 
 In July, 1874, Father Shea retired from the presi- 
 dency and made way for Reverend F. William Gockeln, 
 whose arrival at St. Mary's, Ky., and subsequent ap- 
 pointment as vice-president at Fordham we have al- 
 ready noticed. At the close of the term of vice-presi- 
 dent, in 1869, Father Gockeln was ordered to Wood- 
 stock, Md., where he remained one year. From there 
 he went to Guelph, Ont., and thence to St. Lawrence's 
 Rectory, in New York City, as superior, and thence, in 
 the summer of 1874, to Fordham, to assume the heavy 
 responsibility and arduous duties of President of St. 
 John's College. And these duties were rendered par- 
 ticularly arduous at that time by a combination of cir- 
 cumstances that requires some explanation. The lax 
 system of discipline introduced under the regime of 
 Father Shea had been fairly tried and found wanting, 
 
108 A HISTORY OF FORDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 and although the number of students had increased the 
 college suffered in reputation. 
 
 Such was the state of affairs when Father Gockeln 
 arrived in Fordham. He was not long in grasping the 
 situation, and once grasped, in meeting and grappling 
 with the obstacles to progress which it created. He 
 saw there was a need for prompt, immediate, and vig- 
 orous action, and he did not hesitate a moment in de- 
 ciding what his course should be. He was not a man 
 to employ half-way measures, but, on the contrary, was 
 a believer in heroic treatment and radical methods for 
 the rooting out of evil, and these he immediately 
 adopted. By his first official act he restored the former 
 strict discipline, re-established the rules that had been 
 in force in former years, and gave early notice and am- 
 ple warning that these rules would be rigidly enforced. 
 The time was ripe for action, and he seized upon it. 
 The change was naturally a sudden one, but the students 
 were soon brought to a proper realization of the situa- 
 tion and acquiesced in the new order of things with 
 good grace. Within six months all trace of the for- 
 mer laxity had passed away, and the reputation of the 
 college rapidly rose once more. 
 
 In spite of his radical policy and seemingly severe 
 methods of government, the new rector soon found his 
 way to the hearts of the students. He was a man well 
 calculated to win the love, respect, and admiration of 
 all who came in contact with him. Genial and hearty, 
 the soul of good-nature, scholarly, and with refinement 
 and nobility stamped on every feature of his splendid 
 face, he was indeed a man among men. Father Halpin, 
 now vice-president of St. John's, who was associated 
 with him for so many years, says of him : " He was a 
 
FATHERS MOYLAN, SHEA, AND GOCKELN. 109 
 
 large-souled, big-hearted man; he was loyal and de- 
 voted. I have seen tears in his eyes when he spoke of 
 the Society of Jesus. How he resented any calumny 
 against it ! How he grew eloquent as he spoke its 
 praises ! He sank himself in his calling. There was 
 no sacrifice he did not court for its sake. He was a 
 true child of obedience, as all his superiors attest. His 
 was a bright and a pure life, and still, much as he nat- 
 urally abhorred contact with men whose lives were 
 branded with certain crimes, his hand was ever out- 
 stretched to lift them up from their degradation. His 
 sympathy was boundless. He gave ear to every tale 
 of distress, and rendered every assistance at his com- 
 mand." 
 
 St. John's soon regained its former position, the num- 
 ber of students increased, and although no outward im- 
 provements in the way of erection of new buildings 
 were accomplished, the studies advanced under Father 
 Gockeln and the able corps of professors who assisted 
 him in the management. 
 
 Among the most prominent of those associated with 
 Father Gockeln in the work at St. John's was Rever- 
 end P. O. Racicot, who was professor of philosophy 
 during the first year of Father Gockeln's presidency, 
 and was later vice-president and chief disciplinarian. 
 Father Racicot was born in Montreal in 1839. He was 
 educated at the Sulpician Seminary and entered the 
 Jesuit Order in 1855. Nearly twenty years of his life 
 as a Jesuit were spent at Fordham. He had a wonder- 
 ful memory, a sound, clear judgment, and was an inde- 
 fatigable worker. He died in Boston, March 27 (Good 
 Friday), 1891. The Fordham Monthly of April, 1891, 
 says of him : 
 
110 A HISTOBY OF FOKDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 " Father Racicot was one of the most self-contained 
 and warmest-hearted men that ever breathed. He was 
 strict, it is true, and firm when serious faults had to 
 be corrected under his guidance and direction, but 
 withal he was most kindly and generous. How many 
 there are, boys and men, who have experienced his 
 great kindness and even affection." 
 
 In 1877 the office of vice-president was filled by the 
 Reverend John Treanor, who accompanied the family of 
 ex-Judge Charles Donohue to the Pacific coast, and who 
 was killed by an accident on the way. Reverend Nich- 
 olas Hanrahan, whose connection with the college ex- 
 tended over a period of more than thirty years, and who 
 died in April, 1891, was treasurer; and in other posi- 
 tions we find Father Doucet, once president, but now a 
 subordinate ; Reverend P. Cassidy, now president of St. 
 Peter's, Jersey City ; the present president of St. John's, 
 Father Scully, and Father Halpin, now vice-president. 
 In 1882, after presiding eight years over the destinies 
 of the college, Father Gockeln was sent by his supe- 
 riors to Holy Cross College, Worcester, Mass. ; from 
 there to Jersey City, and thence to Providence, R. I., 
 where he died early in 1887. 
 
BRA 
 
 " F THE " 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 Or 
 
,REV. P. F. DEALY, SJ 
 
 .i2TH PRESIDENT. 
 
CHAPTER XL 
 
 FATHEB DEALY, FATHER CAMPBELL, FATHER SCULLY. 
 
 THE accession of Reverend P. F. Dealy to the presi- 
 dency in 1882, marks the beginning of a new era in the 
 history of Fordham College ; a transition from the 
 conservative opinions of the Jesuits of the old French 
 school to the broader and more liberal ideas which 
 have begun to spread as the older generation of fathers 
 is passing away. We have already alluded to the old 
 French idea of removing seminaries and colleges as 
 far as possible from large cities, and, as is urged in 
 favor of the system, equally far from the temptations 
 of the world. The fallacy of this idea is so apparent 
 now, and it has been so generally repudiated, that it 
 is hardly necessary to dwell on it here. Looked at 
 from a financial stand-point, the lack of wisdom of the 
 scheme cannot but be readily perceptible at the first 
 glance, and if proof is wanted we may find it in the 
 fact that institutions so situated, whatever advantages 
 they may possess, never rise above the rank of obscure 
 academies, with little or no prestige, and utterly un- 
 known outside the narrow circle of their graduates and 
 students. 
 
 Although Fordham was not thus geographically 
 isolated from the world, or buried beyond the ken of 
 the general public, the old spirit was still in the 
 ascendant, and reared such a wall of conservatism 
 
112 A HISTOEY OF FORDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 around the institution that, to all intents and purposes, 
 it was miles away from the heart of the great city of 
 which it was a part. And the first to break down this 
 barrier and open the way for freer intercourse with 
 the outer world was Father JDealy. 
 
 He was not without a thorough acquaintance with 
 Fordham College, its manners and customs. In Sep- 
 tember, 1843, nearly fifty years ago, he was one of 
 the students, and later he entered the Jesuit novitiate 
 also at Fordham. He was not slow, therefore, in 
 showing his progressive spirit, and one of the first 
 signs of advancement was the establishment of a Col- 
 lege paper. For many years there had been a strong 
 need for such a publication, but since the days of the 
 Goose- Quill and Sem no effort had been made in this 
 direction until November, 1882, when the first number 
 of the fordham College Monthly made its appearance. 
 
 In the matter of improving the college surroundings 
 Father Dealy did much. IJe laid macadamized roads, 
 each bordered by a flagged pathway from the entrance 
 gate to the college and the church, respectively. He 
 also beautified the lawn, and materially improved the 
 outward appearance of the college, and had the little 
 church entirely refitted and handsomely frescoed. 
 
 The next step was the repairing of the old semi- 
 nary building, which for years had been going to ruin. 
 It was used at the time only for the Science classes, 
 and had been allowed slowly to fall into decay. The 
 drainage had been neglected, the adjoining ground had 
 become overgrown with weeds, and was strewn with 
 decaying vegetation, and everything about the hand- 
 some old building showed evidence of neglect ; yet, even 
 in the midst of its wretched surroundings, it stood out 
 
FATHEKS DEALT, CAMPBELL, AND SCULLY. 113 
 
 the most picturesque piece of architecture on the col- 
 lege property. Father Dealy had plans in view for 
 utilizing the old building which he put into opera- 
 tion. A donation of $5,000 from the estate of the 
 Reverend F. X. McGovern, S. J., furnished him with the 
 means for the needed improvements. The building 
 was remodelled, the drainage improved, and the inte- 
 rior rendered dry, safe, and healthy as any house on the 
 ground. The plot in front of the building was cleared 
 of its noxious vegetation, gravelled walks laid out, 
 fences and hedges repaired, and the whole restored in 
 such a way as to make it " a thing of beauty," and an 
 attraction to the college. Into the remodelled semi- 
 nary he moved the dormitories and some of the class- 
 rooms of the boys of the Preparatory department, and 
 it then became known as St. John's Hall. The study- 
 hall, recreation-rooms, and play -ground of the small 
 boys still remained at the old place, the two first in the 
 curb-roofed building that was built for the purpose 
 by Father Thebaud. The change was needed, as the 
 latter building was fast becoming useless for school 
 purposes. Father Dealy then began making arrange- 
 ments for the transfer of the Scientific department in 
 order to make room in the Seminary for the entire 
 Preparatory school. With this end in view, a site 
 for a new building was selected about eighty yards 
 south of the Senior Hall, and plans were prepared 
 for a building which would furnish accommodation for 
 the Classes of Physics and Chemistry, for the library, 
 the four highest classes, and the engine-room. To 
 connect the last-named room with the other build- 
 ings a tunnel was constructed through which the pipes 
 from the boilers would pass to the various buildings. 
 
 8 
 
114 A HISTORY OF FORDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 In the summer of 1885 ground was broken for this 
 tunnel, but the work was but fairly under way when 
 Father Dealy was removed, and the task of complet- 
 ing Science Hall and its subterranean connection 
 was left to his successor, the Reverend Thomas J. 
 Campbell, S.J. Another achievement, the credit of 
 which belongs to Father Dealy, but the fruit of which 
 was not borne until after he had resigned his trust, 
 was the introduction of military instruction into the 
 curriculum of the college. 
 
 It was a fortunate circumstance for the institution 
 that when Father Dealy resigned his post his mantle 
 fell on the shoulders of a man who, though much 
 younger and less experienced, had the courage, energy, 
 and progressive spirit which promised rapid advance- 
 ment for the college. The Reverend Thomas J. Camp- 
 bell, his successor, now Provincial of the New York- 
 Maryland province, is a man whose scholarly attain- 
 ments and executive ability are conceded by all who 
 know him. During his term of three years at Ford- 
 ham the standard of scholarship rapidly advanced, and 
 the tone and character of the various associations, and 
 even of the students themselves, seemed to have been 
 elevated under his influence. 
 
 The military drill, which, as we have already stated, 
 had just been introduced, had become a prominent feat- 
 ure of the course of instruction ; and though at first 
 most of the students were chary about entering the 
 company, that feeling subsequently yielded to the bene- 
 ficial influence of the " new departure." For instruc- 
 tor they had an enthusiastic and energetic young offi- 
 cer, Lieutenant Herbert G. Squiers, of the Seventh U. 
 S. Cavalry, who spared no pains to make the company 
 
REV. THOMAS CAMPBELL, SJ. 
 
 i3TH PRESIDENT. 
 
FATHEES DEALT, CAMPBELL, AND SCULLY. 115 
 
 a credit to the college a devotion which was rewarded 
 in the end by a success as complete and unqualified as 
 it was deserved. Taking a dozen of the most promis- 
 ing students as a nucleus of his corps, he organized be- 
 fore the close of the year a well-drilled, handsome com- 
 pany of nearly fifty. The organization rapidly gained 
 favor, and through the efforts of its energetic preceptor 
 grew until it is now one of the most attractive features 
 of the college course. 
 
 Under Father Campbell a notable change took place 
 in the management of the Debating Society. Disap- 
 proving of the old system by which the speeches of 
 the debaters were carefully written and committed to 
 memory in anticipation of the debate, he inaugurated a 
 plan which, though new to Fordham, had been tried in 
 other colleges. He had the meetings of the society car- 
 ried on after the plan of the British House of Com- 
 mons, measures being brought up and debated in strict 
 parliamentary form. By this means Father Campbell 
 hoped to cultivate extempore speaking, and to develop 
 the faculty of thinking on one's feet. This change 
 took place in the fall of 1886, and in the following 
 year a similar change was made in the operations 
 of St. John's Literary Society, formed of the higher 
 classes in the Commercial course. This was changed 
 to the House of Representatives, and business was 
 carried on as in the lower house of the United States 
 Congress. 
 
 The Science Hall, which was begun by Father Dealy 
 in the spring of 1885, was completed in 1886, and in 
 September of that year was opened for use by Father 
 Campbell. It is an ornamental building of two stories, 
 with slate roof and tall, graceful chimney at the west- 
 
116 A HISTORY OF FORDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 ern end, and is built of the same description of stone as 
 is used in Senior Hall. In the same year the Third 
 Division, or Preparatory school, was moved to St. John's 
 Hall, and in 1887 the grounds at the rear thereof were 
 terraced. The shed which occupied the place of the 
 present music-room in 1846, and which was moved by 
 Father Thebaud to the line between Second and Third 
 Divisions, was torn down and removed in the summer 
 of 1886, and the old Third Division building turned 
 into a shop and storehouse. The year 1886-87 was 
 marked by many other incidents worthy of note. 
 The Scientific course with the surveying class, and the 
 classes of English, philosophy, and rhetoric were estab- 
 lished. The bronze statue of the Blessed Virgin, which 
 stood in the centre of the quadrangle until the latter 
 was invaded by the new Faculty building, was unveiled 
 with impressive ceremonies on February 2, 1887, the 
 anniversary of the founding of the Parthenian Sodality, 
 and was solemnly blessed on May 1st of the same year. 
 A specially distinctive feature of this year was, that it 
 was one of unprecedented success for athletics of all 
 kinds the Base-Ball Nine having made a record that 
 has never been rivalled, except perhaps by the team of 
 1890. The Dramatic Society of that year was unusu- 
 ally successful, and the experiment in the Debating 
 Society was in every way satisfactory. 
 
 The following year (1887-88) was the last of Father 
 Campbell's term, and during its course he introduced 
 electric lights into the college. A dynamo was placed 
 in the cellar of Science Hall, and the First and Second 
 Division study-halls, and the students' and community 
 refectories were lighted by incandescent lamps. The 
 stage in the First Division hall was also lighted by 
 
LANE (NEAR SKATING-POND) LEADING TO BRONX PARK. 
 
FATHEKS DEALT, CAMPBELL, AND SCULLY. 117 
 
 electricity, and so arranged that the lights could be 
 raised or lowered at will. 
 
 In May, 1888, the news reached Fordham that Father 
 Campbell had been raised to the dignity of Provincial 
 of the New York-Maryland province. The sorrow 
 caused by the announcement of his retirement from the 
 presidency was general among the students, and the 
 knowledge that he had been called away to greater 
 honors and a position of higher dignity was hardly suf- 
 ficient to reconcile them to the loss of so popular a 
 rector. 
 
 The elevation of Father Campbell to the office of 
 Provincial left a vacancy at Fordham which was filled 
 the following summer by the appointment of Reverend 
 John Scully, the present incumbent. Father Scully, 
 who is a son of Edward Scully, of Sandy Hill, N. Y., 
 was born in Brooklyn, N. Y., in 1846, but was educated 
 at private schools in Albany. In 1872 he entered the 
 Society of Jesus, making his novitiate in Canada, his 
 rhetoric studies at Roehampton, England, and his phil- 
 osophical studies at Stony hurst. In 1878 he was sent to 
 Fordham as a professor, and later to Georgetown Col- 
 lege. After his ordination he became prefect of stud- 
 ies at St. Peter's College, Jersey City, and in July, 1888, 
 he was appointed to the vacant presidency of St. John's, 
 Fordham. 
 
 Among Father Scully's first official acts was the sale 
 of the property on the banks of the Bronx to the city 
 of New York. This property is a beautiful bit of 
 woodland extending from the Southern Boulevard to 
 the Bronx River, presenting at every turn of its wind- 
 ing paths some charming view of the river seen through 
 interlocking boughs and tangled brushwood. It is an 
 
118 A HISTORY OF FOEDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 ideal spot, and its advantages were soon discovered by 
 the city authorities when the establishment of Bronx 
 Park was first proposed. The purchase was completed 
 in April, 1889, the city paying $93,966.25 for the prop- 
 erty. It is near this spot that the Botanical Gardens 
 are to be established. 
 
 About this time the question of a statue to Arch- 
 bishop Hughes was mooted and the occasion selected 
 as the most appropriate, the Commencement-day of 
 1889, the twenty-fifth anniversary of the archbishop's 
 death having occurred during that year. The matter 
 was held in abeyance for the time being, however, and 
 the date for the erection of the statue was postponed 
 until the jubilee celebration in 1891. 
 
 Ever since he took the reins of government at Ford- 
 ham in his hands, Father Scully had been planning 
 new buildings which had been sorely needed for many 
 years. By the fall of 1889 his plans had matured, and 
 in the early part of December of that year, ground was 
 broken for the new Junior Hall, or Second Division 
 building. It was a much needed improvement. The 
 old Second Division building, which had been standing 
 nearly fifty years, was fast becoming unfit for use, and 
 the increasing attendance caused a demand for better 
 accommodation. 
 
 The site of the new building was on the old Third 
 Division recreation ground, and the removal of the old 
 frame building erected by Father Thebaud for Third 
 Division became necessary. Since the small boys had 
 vacated it for more commodious quarters in St. John's 
 Hall, the old house had been put to a variety of uses. 
 The ground floor had been turned into a stationery 
 shop, presided over by one of the lay -brothers ; the 
 
FATHEBS DEALT, CAMPBELL, AND SCULLY. 119 
 
 second floor, the old study-hall, had become the armory, 
 and the top floor, quarters for some of the servants. 
 But its day was over, it stood in the way of progress, 
 and there was but one course left, it must be removed. 
 So the old relic disappeared, and, phoenix-like, out of 
 its ashes rose the handsome new Junior Hall. This 
 edifice, which was completed in 1 890, is in general out- 
 line identical with the Senior Hall built by Father 
 Moylan. It is of the same quality of stone, and is 
 finished in hard wood. The gymnasium, reading-room, 
 and billiard-room are on the first floor ; the study-hall 
 and vice-president's office on the second ; the office 
 having been moved from the First Division building 
 on the completion of the newer edifice. The third and 
 fourth stories are occupied as class-rooms and the 
 dormitory, respectively. On the top floor are the 
 rooms occupied by the members of the Class of Phil- 
 osophy. 
 
 Before this building was completed Father Scully 
 had begun the erection of another, in the form of an 
 extension to the Senior Hall, at the point left un- 
 finished for that purpose by Father Moylan. Founda- 
 tions were laid for a building to meet the old hall at 
 right angles, to be one hundred and seventy feet in 
 length, by about fifty feet in width. On Sunday, 
 August 16th, the same year, the corner-stone of the 
 new Faculty building, for it is intended chiefly for the 
 rooms of the fathers and scholastics, was laid by Bishop 
 Conroy. The sermon was preached by the Reverend 
 William A. Dunphy, '75, who has since that time been 
 called to his account, having died in less than six 
 months after. The silver trowel used on this occasion 
 was the gift of Mr. Paul Thebaud, who was a student 
 
120 A HISTORY OF FORDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 at the college early in. the forties. The first and sec % ond 
 stories of the north end will be occupied as a beautiful 
 new chapel for the students; on the corresponding 
 floors in the southern end will be the refectories, and 
 above will be the rooms of the professors. 
 
 The same year that saw the Junior Hall completed 
 and the new Faculty building well started on its up- 
 ward way, witnessed the total destruction of two time- 
 stained and weather-beaten relics of another era, the 
 " castle " and the old Second Division building. The 
 former was removed to make room for the Faculty 
 building, and the other as it had outlived its usefulness. 
 The laboratory of the Class of Analytical Chemistry, 
 which was in the "castle," was moved to the Science 
 Hall, where more suitable quarters had been prepared 
 for it. The new laboratory contains desks and appli- 
 ances for thirty-six students. This Class of Analytical 
 Chemistry, which previous to Father Scully's presi- 
 dency was confined to the Scientific course, was intro- 
 duced by him into the Classical course, and is now one 
 of the branches followed by the Senior class. The 
 Classes of Electrical Engineering and Photography were 
 also instituted since his accession to the presidential 
 chair. In his second year he introduced the electric 
 light throughout the entire institution, Father Camp- 
 bell, it will be remembered, having introduced it into 
 the refectories and study-halls. In the same year 
 the Eeverend P. A. Halpin, S.J., arrived from Bos- 
 ton as vice-president and prefect of studies. Father 
 Halpin had spent many years on the faculty at Ford- 
 ham College, and had been vice-president for five years 
 under Fathers Gockeln and Dealy. He is well known 
 throughout the country as an eloquent preacher, is the 
 
fTBRAfTp 
 
 r F THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
FATHERS DEALY, CAMPBELL, AND SCULLY. 121 
 
 author of a text-book used in many of the colleges, called 
 " Precepts of Literature," and is considered one of the 
 foremost literary men of the order. His predecessor in 
 the office of vice-president was Reverend George E. 
 Quinn, a graduate of the college and an earnest worker. 
 The Reverend Louis Jouin, the Reverend Edward 
 Doucet, now deceased, the Reverend James P. Fagan, 
 the Reverend Thomas J. A. Freeman, the Reverend 
 Joseph Zwinge, the Reverend Joseph Ziegler, the 
 Reverend Timothy O'Leary, the Reverend D. J. Mc- 
 Goldrick, and the Reverend Lawrence Kavanagh are 
 among those who have become identified with St. 
 John's under Father Scully. 
 
 Among the notable events that thus far have taken 
 place during his term of office were the golden jubilee 
 celebrations of Father Prachensky and Brother Hen- 
 nen, both of whom have since been laid away in the 
 little cemetery. Father Hanrahan, too, who had been 
 a familiar figure in the treasurer's office at Fordham for 
 many a year, was taken off quite suddenly in April, 
 1891. Among the other notable men who have died at 
 Fordham within the last few years are Fathers Moy- 
 lan and Perron, Mr. Mulry, and Brothers Mace and De 
 Pooter. 
 
 But the most important event in Father Scully's 
 term, as, indeed, it is the most important event in the 
 history of the college, so far, is the coming jubilee cele- 
 bration. Fordham will then celebrate the completion 
 of her fiftieth year, and Father Scully has determined 
 that the celebration shall be in every way a credit to 
 the first Catholic college in the country, as Fordham 
 can justly lay claim to be. It is with a view to mak- 
 ing a creditable showing on that day that the work is 
 
122 A HISTOKY OF FORDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 being hurried forward ; that the matter of the statue to 
 Archbishop Hughes has been pushed until now the 
 unveiling on that day has been assured and the work of 
 building the base begun. The address of the day will 
 be delivered by the eloquent Archbishop Eyan of Phi- 
 ladelphia; several of the old graduates will assist 
 those of this year in the literary exercises, and the ca- 
 dets will be marshalled in all their strength. It will 
 indeed be a day of triumph for St. John's. 
 
u 
 
CHAPTER XII. 
 
 THE CADETS. 
 
 THERE is one feature in the course of training given 
 at Fordham which, from the prominence into which it 
 has lately sprung and the many benefits which accrue 
 from it, is worthy of something more than mere pass- 
 ing notice. The St. John's corps of cadets is a splen- 
 did body of young men, and is a credit to the institu- 
 tion whose name it bears. Since its organization in 
 1885 it has rapidly and steadily advanced, until to-day 
 it holds the enviable position of being one of the best 
 trained companies in the country outside of the United 
 States Military Academy at "West Point. 
 
 Were we inclined to enter deeply into a discussion 
 of the benefits accruing from military instruction in 
 our colleges, we might say much, for its advantages 
 are many. But we have not at our command either 
 the time or space for a learned disquisition on the sub- 
 ject. We will content ourselves, therefore, with a 
 brief history of the military organization at Fordham 
 from the time of its inception till the present day. 
 
 Before the establishment of the present company 
 there had been several efforts to introduce military 
 training into Fordham. The last of these attempts 
 was made during the presidency of Father Gockeln 
 and the first years of Father Dealy's rule. An ex- 
 officer of the German army, named Bruns, was employed 
 
124 A HISTORY OF FOEDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 as instructor in military tactics, but he had no control 
 over the students, there was no discipline, and the 
 effort resulted in failure. 
 
 Father Dealy then set to work to obtain better 
 facilities for carrying out his plan. He availed him- 
 self of an act of Congress which provided that United 
 States Army officers be detailed at certain schools and 
 colleges throughout the country, to instruct the students 
 in military science and tactics, and after considerable 
 work succeeded in obtaining a detail for Fordham. 
 Although the credit of this achievement belongs to 
 Father Dealy, he did not remain at Fordham long 
 enough to see the new department in working order. 
 In the catalogue of 1884-85, he announced that the 
 necessary arrangements had been made, and that the 
 following year would see a cadet corps at Fordham, 
 the instructor detailed, and the arms and equipments 
 furnished by the Government ; but before the beginning 
 of the next year he was superseded by Father Camp- 
 bell. 
 
 On October 10, 1885, Lieutenant Herbert G. Squiers, 
 of the Seventh United States Cavalry, reported for 
 duty at Fordham, as professor of military science and 
 tactics. Lieutenant Squiers is a pleasant, genial, young 
 officer, but withal a strict disciplinarian and a thorough 
 soldier. He had been appointed from civil life to a 
 Second Lieutenancy in the First Infantry, and was 
 afterward transferred to the Seventh Cavalry. Later? 
 he was at the United States Artillery School at For- 
 tress Monroe, Va., and thence was ordered to the 
 frontier with his regiment, the Seventh Cavalry, where 
 he remained until 1882, when he was sent to Division 
 headquarters at Chicago, 111. May 16, 1883, he rejoined 
 
THE CADETS. 125 
 
 his regiment in Dakota, where he remained until de- 
 tailed to Fordham in 1885. 
 
 He immediately set to work to organize a company, 
 and as a nucleus about which to gather his men, he 
 selected a squad of twelve. These being thoroughly 
 drilled, and competent to assume the duties of officers, 
 he began to gather recruits. Before the close of the 
 first year he had a company of nearly fifty, who made 
 a handsome appearance in a full-dress uniform of gray, 
 rich in brass buttons and gold lace, and, with the ex- 
 ception of the black helmet, similar to that worn at 
 West Point. A fatigue uniform, consisting of a blue 
 blouse and cap was worn by many, although it was not 
 essential. In the spring of 1886 the company gave 
 an exhibition drill that was heartily commended by a 
 number of army officers who were present. An elab- 
 orate programme had been arranged for the Com- 
 mencement day of 1886, but owing to the inclement 
 weather it was dispensed with. The exercises would 
 have included all the evolutions of the platoon and 
 company, dress, guard mount, and a skirmish drill of 
 twenty rounds. The postponement of this event was 
 most unfortunate, as the cadets would have made an 
 excellent showing, having made wonderful progress 
 under the tuition of Lieutenant Squiers. 
 
 There was no perceptible increase in numbers the 
 next year, but the company had acquired a greater 
 familiarity with the movements and evolutions, and 
 the students in general began to look with more favor 
 on the new institution, toward which a feeling of dis- 
 trust, not unusual in cases of similar innovations, had 
 been engendered among the non-cadets. Through the 
 energetic work of Lieutenant Squiers the company 
 
126 A HISTOEY OF FOKDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 rapidly advanced, and on Commencement-day, 1887, 
 an exhibition drill, similar to that planned for the year 
 previous, was given before a large concourse of people, 
 who heartily applauded the efforts of the embryo 
 soldiers. 
 
 The success of the military training was beginning to 
 take effect on those who still remained without the 
 pale, for a glance at the catalogue of the following 
 year shows that their numbers during that time had 
 increased more than twofold. It was even deemed ad- 
 visable to separate the students of the Preparatory de- 
 partment from the others and form them into a second 
 company, to be drilled by the officers of the first com- 
 pany. The uniform of the second company was altered, 
 the full-dress coat, the helmet, and the long trousers 
 were discarded, and the blouse, fatigue cap, and knee- 
 breeches of gray substituted. A smaller rifle was pro- 
 cured for them, and thenceforth they were entirely 
 separated from the cadets of the Senior division. 
 
 The year 1888-89 saw the most complete change 
 the military organization had yet experienced. From 
 a handful of forty-five or fifty, the membership bound- 
 ed suddenly up to one hundred and fifty. The full- 
 dress coat and helmet were dropped, as they had been 
 the year before at St. John's Hall, and the blouse and 
 fatigue cap, with the gray trousers, constituted the uni- 
 form. The corps was divided into four companies, and 
 the spring of 1889 saw an orderly, well- drilled batta- 
 lion in the field. Lieutenant Squiers, whose interest in 
 the corps had increased, if that were possible, with the 
 increase of interest on the part of the boys, presented a 
 handsome stand of colors to be competed for by the 
 four companies. Lieutenant Price, U. S. A., acted as 
 
THE CADETS. 127 
 
 judge on this occasion of the competition drill for these 
 colors, and they were awarded to Company B, Cadet 
 Captain Marrin. The drill this year, as on former oc- 
 casions, was one of the features of the Commencement- 
 day exercises. 
 
 The next year was for the battalion a repetition of 
 the success of 1889. The cadet corps was now firmly 
 established, the antipathy of the students had given 
 way entirely to enthusiasm for the now popular drill, 
 and a spirit of emulation had been engendered by the 
 competition among the companies that was working 
 wonders. The honor of being color company was 
 earned this year by Company D, Cadet Captain Bur- 
 row, and the laurels snatched from Company B. The 
 dress parade was held as usual on Commencement-day. 
 
 The scholastic year of 1890-91 opened auspiciously 
 for the cadets, and Lieutenant Squiers was once more 
 at his post. He did not remain long at Fordham, how- 
 ever, for as the trouble with the Sioux Indians, which 
 had been brewing for several months, broke out about 
 that time into open warfare, the Lieutenant forwarded 
 a request to the War Department to be assigned to 
 duty with his regiment, which was then at Pine Ridge. 
 The answer came shortly, granting the request, reliev- 
 ing him from duty at Fordham, and directing him to 
 join his regiment in the field. The sorrow at Fordham 
 for his departure was general and loudly expressed, but 
 he felt that when his regiment was in active service in 
 the field of battle, his duty lay there, and like a true 
 soldier he answered the call of duty. His friends were 
 gratified, however, a short time later, when the news ar- 
 rived that he had been promoted to a first lieutenancy. 
 
 Lieutenant Squiers's successor to the post of military 
 
128 A HISTOBY OF FOEDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 instructor at St. John's appeared in January, 1891, in 
 the person of Second Lieutenant Clarence R. Edwards, 
 First United States Infantry. Lieutenant Edwards is 
 a graduate of West Point, a thorough and efficient offi- 
 cer, and has shown himself, by his management of the 
 military department at Fordham, to be a worthy suc- 
 cessor to Lieutenant Squiers. Since his arrival several 
 slight changes have been made in the uniform of the bat- 
 talion. For dress occasions, a white helmet has been sub- 
 stituted for the fatigue cap, white leggings have been 
 introduced, and other slight alterations effected which 
 all go to improve the general appearance of the corps. 
 
 The St. John's Cadets came prominently before the 
 public view on two occasions during the month of May, 
 1891, on each of which they carried themselves in a 
 way to reflect credit on the institution which they 
 represent. On May 17th, they formed the guard of 
 honor to His Grace Archbishop Corrigan, at the laying 
 of the corner-stone of the new diocesan seminary at 
 Valentine Hill, South Yonkers; and on Decoration- 
 day, the same month, under command of Lieutenant 
 Edwards, they marched, over one hundred and fifty 
 strong, in the parade in New York. They were in ex- 
 cellent form, and won rounds of applause all along the 
 line of march. 
 
 The Cadet corps has now become a recognized branch 
 of the course at Fordham. By having a battalion of 
 one hundred and fifty cadets, the detail is secured, 
 while the excellent showing made on exhibition days, 
 and the favorable reports rendered by the Inspector, 
 will serve to strengthen the assurance of a continuation 
 of the privilege. The battalion will take a prominent 
 part in the Jubilee exercises. 
 
HON. MORGAN J. O'BRIEN. 
 
CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 THE COLLEGE SOCIETIES. THE PABTHENIAN SODALITY. 
 THE HISTOKICAL AND DEBATING SOCIETIES. THE 
 ALUMNI ASSOCIATION. 
 
 ONE of the most attractive features of a college of 
 tlie present day, and, to the ordinary observer, that 
 fraught with most interest, is its student life. To the 
 general public the routine of study, the standing of the 
 various classes, the relative merits of different systems 
 of education, have no interest ; its attention is centred 
 on the students. To most people, there is a glamour 
 over the life of a college student by which they are 
 instinctively attracted, and, whether they are college 
 men or not themselves, they always take an interest in 
 the college student, his societies, and his sports. There- 
 fore, in writing the history of a college we must not 
 lose sight of so important an item. 
 
 Of the Fordham societies, that which, on account of 
 its age, its character, and the ends it has in view, is cer- 
 tainly the most notable, will occupy our attention first. 
 We have reference to the Parthenian Sodality. This 
 sodality is affiliated with the Roman Prima Primaria, 
 under the invocation of the Purification of the Blessed 
 Virgin Mary and the Patronage of St. Aloysius. It 
 was established February 2, 1837, at St. Mary's, 
 Ky., and is therefore four years older than the col- 
 lege itself. When the Jesuit fathers came to Fordham 
 in 1846, the sodality came with them, and has con- 
 
 9 
 
130 A HISTORY OF FORDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 tinned its work without interruption until the present 
 day. The place was changed nothing more. The 
 minute-book notes the transfer from St. Mary's to 
 Fordham, and goes on with the record of the next meet- 
 ing as if nothing extraordinary had occurred. Father 
 Legouais, who was director at St. Mary's, continued in 
 the office at Fordham ; and several of the students who 
 had been members accompanied the Jesuits to St. 
 John's and continued in the sodality at the latter 
 place. 
 
 The sodality was founded by Father Chazelle, the 
 first Jesuit president of St. Mary's, and during its first 
 year he acted as director. At the end of chat time he 
 resigned the post to Father Legouais, who continued as 
 director until 1848, two years after their arrival at 
 Fordham. He was succeeded by Father Duranquet, 
 who in 1850 gave way to Father Bernard O'Reilly. 
 After him came Father Smarius, Father Murphy, 
 Father Larkin, Father Gresselin, Father Ronayne, and 
 Father Meagher. Father Ronayne again took charge, 
 and was in turn succeeded by Father Dealy, in 1864. 
 The following year Father Cunningham entered into 
 office, and was followed by Father Fleck, Messrs. 
 Jones, Doherty, Campbell ; Fathers Custin, Doucet, 
 Treanor, Flynn, Kenny, Halpin, O'Reilly, Becker, O'- 
 Leary; Messrs. Van Rensselaer and O'Rourke, and 
 again Father Flynn, each holding office only a year, 
 with one or two exceptions. 
 
 In September, 1886, the Reverend T. J. A. Freeman 
 took control and held office for two years. At the end 
 of that time it passed into the charge of Mr. George 
 A. Mulry, whose failing health obliged him to resign 
 his charge in the spring of the following year. Before 
 
THE COLLEGE SOCIETIES. 131 
 
 the close of the year he had passed to the reward of 
 his saintly life. His death was a sad blow to the stu- 
 dents of Fordham, for he had won countless friends 
 by his gentle, winning ways. Even the most flippant 
 and frivolous were impressed by his holiness, his amia- 
 bility, and his zeal in the cause of everything that was 
 good. The records of the sodality bear a set of reso- 
 lutions, in which the sodality expresses its " deep sor- 
 row for the loss of one who, on so many titles, had 
 merited their esteem and love." 
 
 Mr. Mulry's term was finished by the Reverend 
 James P. Fagan, and the following year the director- 
 ship passed to the Reverend Lawrence Kavanagh, with 
 whom it has remained ever since. 
 
 The first name that appears on the list of members 
 of the sodality is that of Michael Driscoll, whose 
 remarkable career we have referred to in another 
 chapter. Further on we meet the names of John 
 Ryan, Walter Hill, Michael JSTash, and Fred. Wm. 
 Gockeln, all of whom became in after years distin- 
 guished members of the Society of Jesus. Sylvester 
 H. Rosecrans, afterward Bishop of Columbus, William 
 Keegan, James Hughes, now V.-G. of the Hartford 
 Diocese, Michael and Lawrence O'Connor, William 
 Plowden Morrogh, David A. Merrick, Martin T. and 
 James McMahon, James R. O'Beirne, Thomas B. Con- 
 nery, John R. Hassard, Richard Brennan, and Joseph 
 J. Marrin, are among the well-known names to be found 
 on the rolls of the sodality. Father Driscoll was the 
 first prefect, and among his successors were Fathers 
 Ryan, Hill, Gockeln, and Morrogh, Judge Dodge, Dr. 
 Brennan, John R. Hassard, P. A. Hargous, Francis V. 
 Oliver, Dean Mooney, Ignatius McManus, Father 
 
132 A HISTORY OF FOKDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 Keveney, S.J., Judge O'Brien, Father Quin, S.J., and 
 the late lamented Father William A. Dunphy. 
 
 February 2, 1887, the fiftieth anniversary of the 
 founding of the sodality was commemorated by the 
 erection of a bronze statue, of the Blessed Virgin in the 
 quadrangle before the entrance to the chapel. The ex- 
 ercises opened with mass at 6.30 A.M., celebrated by 
 Father Freeman, director of the Sodality, at which all 
 received Holy Communion. The unveiling and bless- 
 ing of the statue, which was to take place at 9 A.M., 
 followed by solemn mass, was postponed until May 1st, 
 on account of the inclemency of the weather. A 
 literary circle was held in the afternoon, and a sermon, 
 followed by solemn benediction, concluded the exercises. 
 The statue was solemnly blessed on May 1st by the 
 Very Reverend R. W. Brady, provincial of the New 
 York-Maryland Province. 
 
 On October 2, 1847, the second sodality was formed, 
 under the name of the Sodality of the Holy Angels, 
 but merely as a branch of the Parthenian Sodality, the 
 treasury and library being common. In 1852 it was 
 entirely separated from the parent organization, and 
 has remained so ever since. In 1856 or 1857, the Third 
 Division Sodality was formed under the patronage of 
 St. Stanislaus, but it seems to have been more widely 
 separated from the others, because the sodalist from 
 Third Division was obliged to renew his act of conse- 
 cration on entering the other body. The sodality for 
 externs was established in 1889, and regularly aggre- 
 gated to the Primaria at Rome. Mr. Francis J. Lamb, 
 S.J., was its first director. 
 
 Next in point of years to the sodalities comes the 
 Debating Society. Debating societies are among the 
 
F THE 
 
 | UNIVERSITY ] 
 
THE COLLEGE SOCIETIES. 133 
 
 oldest of organized societies, and seem to have always 
 been considered necessary adjuncts to institutions of 
 learning. There is not, perhaps, a college or high 
 school in the country that has not an organization 
 wherein questions of moment are discussed and sifted. 
 
 Fordham was without a society of this kind until 
 1854. There was, it is true, a tradition of a society 
 called the " Crestomathian," which was said to have ex- 
 isted in Fordham in days gone by, but no one in the 
 college at the time had any recollection of it. In one 
 of the upper rooms of the " castle " was an old closet, 
 securely locked, and which no one had ever seen open. 
 Across the door of this mysterious closet was the caba- 
 listic word " Crestomathian." This was supposed to 
 contain the treasures of the pre-historic association, and 
 when the St. John's Debating Society was organized, in 
 1854, the latter deeming itself entitled to the property 
 of all similar defunct societies in the house, decided to 
 seize on the treasure supposed to have been hoarded for 
 so many years in the dingy little closet. But the 
 search revealed nothing. The closet was empty. 
 
 The St. John's Debating Society was organized, as 
 we have stated, in the fall of 1854. According to the 
 constitution, the president was a member of the faculty 
 appointed by that body. The vice-president was elect- 
 ed for the whole year, the other officers semi-annually. 
 The Reverend C. M. Smarius, S.J., was the first presi- 
 dent, General McMahon, vice-president, and John R. 
 Hassard, recording secretary. The membership was 
 limited to the classes of Philosophy and Rhetoric. A 
 gold badge was adopted by the society, in the form of 
 a shield, and in the centre, which was open, was pen- 
 dent a maltese cross with the Greek letters II <> K N 
 
134 A HISTORY OF FORDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 inscribed thereon. On the reverse was the name of the 
 wearer and the date of his class. The initials stood for 
 the motto Tlofafiea <J>t/U.)$ xai vixdti. 
 
 The meetings were held weekly, on Sunday evening, 
 in the reading-room which was then in the basement of 
 the " castle." Two public debates were given every 
 year, one by the Philosophy class and the other by the 
 members of the class of Rhetoric. These public events 
 were held regularly until about 1878, when they were 
 reduced to one every year, and a short time after they 
 were dropped altogether. In 1884 they were restored, 
 but in the fall of 1886 the Debating Society was 
 changed into the House of Commons, and the public 
 debates were discontinued. By this change, which was 
 effected by desire of Father Campbell, the society was 
 resolved into the form of a legislative body in every re- 
 spect similar to the British House of Parliament. This, 
 change was made to encourage extempore speaking, and 
 give the student the habit of " thinking on his feet." 
 Its success was phenomenal. The members fell readily 
 into the new methods of procedure, and the advantages 
 over the old form were soon made apparent. It is to 
 be regretted, however, that in making the change some 
 provision was not made for the perpetuation of the 
 badge which had been worn by so many generations of 
 students. It was dropped that year, and has never been 
 restored. 
 
 In the fall of 1888 another change was made, from 
 the St. John's House of Commons to the St. John's 
 Senate. The same form of debate was preserved, how- 
 ever, and the change was only in the name, the officers, 
 and a few minor details. It was made through mo- 
 tives of patriotism. This state of affairs did not last 
 
THE COLLEGE SOCIETIES. 135 
 
 long, for two years later we find the Senate abolished 
 altogether, and the old St. John's Debating Society 
 once more restored. 
 
 The Historical Association was formed in 1862, the 
 first meeting being held on March 16th, on which occa- 
 sion the president of the college, Father Thebaud, ad- 
 dressed the members on the object and aim of the 
 society. This organization differed from the Debating 
 Society, inasmuch as all the members of the Classes of 
 Philosophy and Rhetoric, to which it was limited, were 
 not obliged to enter. On the contrary, the candidate 
 for admission must prove his title to membership by 
 presenting an essay which was passed upon by a com- 
 mittee appointed for that purpose. His admission 
 or rejection depended on the report of that committee. 
 This rule remained in force until the year 1887-88, 
 when, for some unaccountable reason, the association 
 was suspended. It was reorganized the following year 
 through Father Scully, and the constitution amended 
 so as to admit the classes of Philosophy, Rhetoric, 
 and Special Science, in toto. 
 
 The first director of this association, or, as he is 
 styled, the Honorary President, was Father Doucet. 
 The other officers for the first year were : A. T. Lynch, 
 president; William Collins, vice-president; John Gaf- 
 ney, corresponding secretary ; R. L. Spalding, record- 
 ing secretary; James Olwell, treasurer, and William 
 Doherty, librarian. 
 
 A public lecture is given every year under the au- 
 spices of the association by some distinguished scholar, 
 writer, or orator. A gold medal, valued at $50, for 
 the best biographical essay, which originated with 
 Archbishop Hughes, and which is donated every year 
 
136 A HISTORY OF FOEDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 by some friend of the college, is competed for by the 
 members who are of the graduating class. 
 
 The Alumni Association of St. John's College is 
 among the oldest of the societies connected with that 
 institution, but as no record of its meetings or trans- 
 actions has ever been kept, it is impossible to fix the 
 exact date of its organization. Memory is proverbially 
 treacherous, and it is never safe to base statements of 
 historical facts on memory only, especially when it ex- 
 tends over a period of thirty or forty years ; but, as in 
 this case we have only the memory of some of the 
 older members to guide us, we must make the most of 
 it. As closely as can be calculated, the association 
 was founded about 1860. It did little more than hold 
 its annual meeting on Commencement-day, and elect 
 officers for the ensuing year, until about 1882 it awoke 
 to greater activity, and established a fund to provide a 
 purse of $50 annually, as a prize for the best essay in 
 English literature in the classes of Philosophy, Rheto- 
 ric, and Belles-lettres. 
 
 In the spring of 1888 the Alumni Association again 
 came forward in the movement for the erection of the 
 Hughes monument. The matter came up in the course 
 of a conversation between Reverend Fathers Scully, Loy- 
 zance, and E. F. Slattery, '72, and the credit of the sug- 
 gestion is due to the Reverend Joseph Loyzance, S. J., 
 and Reverend E. F. Slattery, '72, of New York. At a 
 meeting of the committee held shortly afterward, Father 
 Slattery offered a resolution that the Alumni Associa- 
 tion undertake the task of collecting $10,000 for the 
 erection of a bronze statue to the dead archbishop. 
 The resolution was adopted and circulars issued noti- 
 fying the members of the action of the committee. 
 
THE COLLEGE SOCIETIES. 137 
 
 The work of preparing the model was entrusted to 
 Mr. William Kudolf O'Donovan, an able and enthu- 
 siastic sculptor, and the casting of the bronze figure 
 was given to Mr. Maurice J. Power, of New York. 
 
 The plan of erecting the statue in 1889, as was at 
 first intended, was soon abandoned, as it was impossible 
 to collect a sufficient amount in so short a time, and it 
 was decided to postpone the ceremony until the jubi- 
 lee celebration in 1891. At this point Judge Morgan 
 J. O'Brien, '72, now president of the Alumni Associa- 
 tion, and the Eeverend James J. Flood, '68, of New 
 York, interested themselves in the movement, and it 
 was mainly through their efforts that a sufficient sum 
 of money was raised to warrant the beginning of the 
 work. Judge O'Brien has been indefatigable in this 
 cause, and his efforts have been crowned with success. 
 The statue will be ready for the ceremony of unveiling 
 by June 24th. 
 
CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 THE DBAMATIC ASSOCIATION. JOUENALISM AT FOKDHAM. 
 ATHLETICS. CONCLUSION. 
 
 NOT by any means the least important of the stu- 
 dents' societies of Fordham College is the Dramatic 
 Association. The college is in reality the natural home 
 of the drama. It is to the early universities and mon- 
 asteries that we owe the preservation of the drama. In 
 these institutions it was preserved in its purest form, 
 and the miracle plays of the middle ages, which were 
 performed at the colleges and monasteries throughout 
 Europe, were witnessed in a spirit which amounted al 
 most to religious fervor. We know that in the early 
 days of the English drama it was a feature of college 
 life, for Hamlet says to Polonius : 
 
 " My lord, you played once i' the university, you say." 
 Polonius. " That did I, my lord ; and was accounted a good ac- 
 tor." 
 
 Moreover, the Ratio Studiorum of the Jesuits, which 
 is centuries old, recommends the practice of giving 
 plays in the colleges under the Jesuit rule. 
 
 The custom of giving plays at Fordham extends back, 
 as indeed many of the customs do, to the earlier days 
 of St. Mary's College. Father Chazelle, the first Jesuit 
 president of St. Mary's, and one of the first Jesuits 
 of that colony to arrive in this country, introduced dra- 
 
THE DEAMATIC ASSOCIATION. 139 
 
 matic entertainments at that place. The first play put 
 upon the boards was an original drama from the pen 
 of Father Chazelle himself, entitled " Red Hawk." It 
 was produced before a numerous audience and caused 
 a genuine sensation. The theatre chosen for this per- 
 formance indeed indicated a return to the primitive tra- 
 ditions of the drama. " At that time," writes the Rev- 
 erend Walter H. Hill, S. J., " the college was partly 
 1 surrounded by thickly wooded primeval groves, a suit- 
 able spot in the forest was chosen for the stage, which 
 could be seen by the spectators from a rising slope at 
 the front, and a whole acre was covered with seats for 
 the audience. The large stage was adorned with drap- 
 ery of high colors ; there were suitable changes of scen- 
 ery also. So well adapted to the purpose was Father 
 Chazelle's ideal, that it was strictly adhered to ever 
 afterward, until our fathers left St. Mary's, in 1846 ; 
 during all which period the annual exhibitions, with 
 the accompanying drama, took place at a well-chosen 
 spot in the wild woods." 
 
 The second play performed on this woodland stage 
 was entitled " Benedict Arnold, the Traitor," the chief 
 sensation of which, Father Hill tells us, was the hang- 
 ing of Major Andre on the stage, " so that all could see 
 the ignominious end of a British spy." 
 
 After the removal to Fordham, however, dramatics 
 appear to have been neglected for many years. Until 
 1855 the idea of a dramatic performance was treated 
 with ridicule by the older students and relegated to the 
 small boys, as being better suited to their youth and 
 immaturity. A few of the younger boys banded to- 
 gether and attempted to arrange entertainments. But 
 they always chose the most ambitious themes for their 
 
140 A HISTORY OF FORDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 performances, and their efforts were so crude and 
 puerile as to be hardly worthy of attention. In the 
 fall of 1855, however, a change took place. Father 
 Tellier, who was then president, encouraged the classes 
 of Belles-lettres and Classics to unite in giving dra- 
 matic entertainments. 
 
 At this time Mr. Charles M. Walcott, who is now a 
 prominent member of the Lyceum Theatre Company, 
 of New York, was a student in the latter class, and he 
 was made Stage Manager. Mr. Walcott came of a 
 theatrical family, and was therefore, " to the manner 
 born." He signalized his elevation to that important 
 post by obtaining a drop curtain from New York, 
 painted specially for St. John's and representing a 
 scene on the Hudson. This and the scenery, which the 
 boys constructed themselves, were adjusted to the plat- 
 form at the north end of the study-hall for every per- 
 formance, and at the conclusion stored away until an- 
 other play called them forth again from their retreat. 
 The first play given under his management, and the 
 first too for which a printed programme was used, 
 was given on December 3, 1855. On this occasion 
 " Henry IV " and " The Seven Clerks," were presented, 
 with Mr. Walcott as Falstaffin the one, and Mynheer 
 Hans Hoogdfit in the other. Between the pieces, so 
 the programme says, Mr. C. Walcott sang a " Comic 
 Song." The following July a second " Dramatic Ex- 
 hibition " was given, the programme of which informs 
 us that the St. John's Dramatic Society " have spared 
 no pains to select for the occasion plays calculated to 
 entertain the curious and the learned." The audiences 
 in those days were evidently partial to long pro- 
 grammes, for this one contains Byron's tragedy " Wer- 
 
THE DRAMATIC ASSOCIATION. 141 
 
 ner," a farce, " To Paris and Back for 5," and "The 
 Inn of Abbeville." 
 
 " Kichard II.," "Macbeth," and " Julius Caesar" fol- 
 lowed in quick succession, and then there is a blank in 
 the record until 1867, when we find that a comedy was 
 substituted for the musical entertainment given on 
 St. Patrick's Day by the Csecilia Society. Gradually 
 the dramatic entertainments superseded the public de- 
 bates, until 1871, when the present Dramatic Associa- 
 tion was organized. The stage was built in the First 
 Division study-hall, and the curtain and proscenium 
 painted by an Italian scholastic who was stopping at 
 the college. After 1872 the regular number of plays 
 was given as at the present day, Thanksgiving Day, 
 Christmas, Washington's Birthday, and St. Patrick's 
 Day. Shrovetide and the Rector's Day were fixed on 
 as occasions for dramatic entertainments in after years, 
 the latter during Father Shea's presidency. 
 
 Since the organization of the Dramatic Association 
 a complete record has been kept of the society's doings, 
 so we have no difficulty in tracing its very successful 
 career since that time. During its nineteen years of 
 life and activity it has produced a large number of 
 plays, of infinite variety as to class and character. The 
 most notable successes of recent years have been " The 
 Man in the Iron Mask," in '80 ; " Damon and Pythias," 
 in '81 ; " King John," in '82 ; " Henry IV.," Part I, in 
 '83 ; " Henry IV.," Part II., in '84 ; " Merchant of Ven- 
 ice," in '85 ; and " Hamlet," in '87. The present pres- 
 ident of the college, Father Scully, was for many years 
 moderator of the Dramatic Association, as were also 
 Father Halpin, Father Finnegan, Father Fargis, and 
 Father Cassidy, now president of St. Peter's College, 
 
14:2 A HISTOKY OF FOBDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 Jersey City. Mr. John F. Quirk, S.J., Mr. L. Eugene 
 French, S.J., Mr. Joseph H. Smith, S.J., and Mr. 
 George A. Pettit, S.J., who now rule the destinies of 
 the association, are among those of later years. 
 
 Many old members of the Dramatic Association are 
 now playing important r61es in the more serious drama 
 of life. Edward C. O'Brien, who made such a success 
 of " The Man in the Iron Mask," is now a well-known 
 lawyer in New York, and is secretary of the Alumni 
 Association. His brother, M. H. O'Brien, and Peter 
 A. Hendrick, have also found success in the practice of 
 the law. William McTammany, since deceased, and 
 Lawrence McNamara, of New York, turned their atten- 
 tion to the healing art, and C. M. Walcott, the pioneer 
 among Fordham actors, Fred Williams, George Hill, 
 and Stephen Murphy, of later years, now tread the 
 boards in real earnest, and are, or promise soon to be, 
 well-known figures on the professional stage. Many 
 are found in the ranks of the clergy, as the Reverend 
 T. F. McLaughlin, C. J. Clifford, S.J., the Reverend 
 William J. McGurk ; and then there was Austin 
 O'Malley, Andrew G. Heyl, Frank Casey, since de- 
 ceased, Dr. T. J. Dunn, Dr. J. N. Butler, and a host of 
 others. 
 
 Each in his turn has made his last exit from Ford- 
 ham ; some have passed forever from the scenes of this 
 life, but the memory of all is still fresh in the scenes 
 of their triumphs, and their names and their deeds will 
 be handed down from generation to generation. 
 
 The history of journalism at Fordham, previous to 
 the establishment of The Fordham Monthly, presents a 
 series of vicissitudes. The first effort of which we have 
 any record was the Goose- Quill, which made its first 
 
THE DRAMATIC ASSOCIATION. 143 
 
 appearance in 1853, during the presidency of Father 
 Larkin. The paper was edited by " Ham," but who 
 Ham was remained a profound secret for many years. 
 It is now a well-known fact that the editors of the 
 Goose- Quill were John R. Gr. Hassard, Arthur Francis, 
 and Martin T. McMahon, of the class of '55. The 
 Goose- Quill was a monthly publication of twenty-eight 
 or thirty pages of foolscap carefully written, for in 
 those days they could not get it printed. The pages 
 were headed and ruled like a printed paper ; Father 
 Garesche engrossed the heading, and Mr. Hassard, who 
 was a neat, careful penman, copied out the reading 
 matter. 
 
 Father Larkin, who had very conservative ideas on 
 such subjects, was opposed to the enterprise from the 
 first, and merely tolerated it. He would not allow the 
 editors to have it printed or circulated outside of the 
 college, and for a long time withheld permission to post 
 it in the reading-room. The proceedings in the sanc- 
 tum of the Goose- Quill were carried on with the ut- 
 most secrecy. Besides the editors themselves and some 
 of the fathers, no one knew who Ham was. In the ex- 
 tension which connected the study-hall wing, now the 
 chapel wing, with the " castle," was a room which in 
 later years served as a sacristy. Father Gockeln, who 
 was vice-president at the time, furnished the editors 
 with a key by which they could open the door leading 
 from the study-hall into this room. Here, in perfect 
 security, the Goose- Quill was prepared. A box was 
 placed in the reading-room in which contributions ad- 
 dressed to Ham could be placed, and as Hassard and 
 McMahon were officers and carried keys to the reading- 
 room, they could procure the letters without fear of 
 
144: A HISTORY OF FORDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 discovery. In 1855, on the graduation of Messrs. Has- 
 sard, Francis, and McMahon, the paper was turned over 
 by them to P. A. Hargous, Henry Smith, and Thomas 
 A. O'Connor, but in a very short time ceased to ap- 
 pear. 
 
 One or two desultory efforts were made within the 
 next few years to establish a successor to the Goose- 
 Quill, but they all failed. Sem, The Collegian, and 
 a paper called The Spy, published on Second Division 
 by Mr. J. J. Costello, '62, of Cayuga, N. Y., were the 
 results of some of these efforts. The last-named jour- 
 nal died after the second issue. Since that time there is 
 no sign of a journal until the appearance of the first 
 number of The Fordham College Monthly, in Novem- 
 ber, 1882. The public, in this case represented by the 
 Fordham students, always chary about taking up and 
 encouraging any new undertaking, made no exception 
 to its usual mode of procedure in the case of The Ford- 
 ham College Monthly. As a consequence the first 
 board of editors had a hard struggle to place the 
 journal on a solid footing and win the support of the 
 other students.* That they succeeded is evident from 
 the present handsome appearance of The Fordham 
 Monthly.^ 
 
 And before we conclude, a word about athletics at 
 Fordham. St. John's has won renown in the athletic 
 world only in one field, viz., base-ball. In every other 
 branch, except perhaps foot-ball, in which she is fast 
 
 * The first board of editors consisted of Francis D. Dowley, '83, editor-in- 
 chief ; James N. Butler, '84, assistant ; John R. Murphy, business manager ; 
 and as associate editors, Charles Hoban, '85, Joseph W. Thoron, '83, William 
 P. O'Malley, '84, and Bernard F. McManus, '85, 
 
 f The name was changed from The Fordham College Monthly to The Ford- 
 ham Monthly in December, 1885. 
 
UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF 
 
 IFORHlS 
 
THE DRAMATIC ASSOCIATION. 145 
 
 coming to the front, Fordham has yet to win her 
 spurs. An organized athletic association has only 
 existed within the last few years, and then its success 
 has been rather doubtful. But there is yet hope. 
 With the shining example of the Base-Ball Association 
 and the still flickering light of foot-ball success to 
 guide it and lend it hope, a well-organized athletic 
 association has everything to encourage it. The base- 
 ball team, for so many years known as the Rose Hill 
 team, but of late known by the more significant title 
 of Fordham, won its way to fame many years ago, and 
 by its recent glorious victories has proven its ability 
 to hold against all-comers the proud position it has 
 attained. What has been achieved in the base-ball 
 field can be achieved elsewhere, and we feel confident 
 that the day of its attainment is not far distant. 
 
 We have here reviewed, briefly it may be, the events 
 that go to make up the history of the first half -cen- 
 tury of Fordham College. We found it a solitary 
 farm-house situated in a wide unsettled tract of laud ; 
 we take leave of it a group of magnificent buildings 
 in the centre of a growing community. We found it a 
 struggling Catholic school in " an unfinished house in a 
 field ; " we take leave of a flourishing university in- 
 creasing its classes, elevating its standard, and extend- 
 ing its facilities year by year. 
 
 What better evidence could we desire of the energy 
 and devotion of that little community that, guided by 
 the hand of God, came from the wilds of a half-settled 
 country to take charge of and direct what was destined 
 one day to become the foremost Catholic college in the 
 
 10 
 
146 A HISTOEY OF FOBDHAM COLLEGE. 
 
 country ? What more eloquent tribute could be offered 
 to the wisdom and foresight of its venerable founder, 
 in entrusting its care to such able hands, than the suc- 
 cess with which the enterprise has met ? They need 
 no monument ; they need no graven tablet to perpet- 
 uate the memory of their work to future generations. 
 This, the fruit of their labor, is their monument, found- 
 ed on a solid rock, cere jperennius. 
 
(1) Old Manor containing President's and Treasuie. s Office, Parlor Students 
 
 and Faculty Dining Rooms, Students' Chapel, Professors Rooms. 
 
 (2) Library and Wardrobe. 
 
 (3) Faculty Building and Seniors' Hall. 
 
 (4) Science Hall, Museum, Laboratories, Engine Room. 
 
 (5) Juniors' Hall. 
 
 (6) Old Manor House, now used as Infirmary. 
 
 (7) College Church. 
 
 (8) St. John's Hall (Preparatory). 
 
 (9) Rodrigue Cottage. 
 
 (10) Conservatory and Hot-house. 
 
 (11) College Cemetery. 
 
 (12) Barns. 
 
*C \ B R A /*7 
 
 QF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 BELOW is appended a list of the principal donations received 
 by the college, with the names of the donors : 
 
 May 18, 1866, a Friend of the college $400 00 
 
 September, 1867, Catharine Collery 200 00 
 
 A second donation 100 00 
 
 April, 1874, Mary McDonough D'Arcy 503 00 
 
 January, 1876, Sir Edward Kenny 563 75 
 
 January, 1878, Sir Edward Kenny 500 00 
 
 September, 1884, a Friend to the Eev. P. T. Dealy, for 
 
 the college walk 1,000 00 
 
 July, 1885, a Friend to Father Dealy, for frescoing the 
 
 students' refectory 600 00 
 
 August, 1888, the Estate of the Kev. F. H. McGovern, 
 
 S.J., for fitting up St. John's Hall 5,102 25 
 
 November, 1889, Bernard J. McGrann, A.M., Lancaster, 
 
 Pa., to the Kev. John Scully, S.J 2,000 00 
 
 December, 1889, John McKeown, Washington, Pa 1,000 00 
 
 November, 1890, John Whalen, A.M 1,000 00 
 
 December, 1890, a Friend to Father ScuUy 500 00 
 
 1891, a Friend, for new building 15,000 00 
 
 June, 1891, Ann Cassidy, for altars 2,500 00 
 
 May, 1891, Patrick Golden, Parsons, Pa., through James 
 
 J. Walsh, A.M., S.J., for St. Joseph's window in the 
 
 new chapel 300 00 
 
 June, 1891, Estate of the late Patrick Carney, of Mott 
 
 Haven, to educate one student for the priesthood. 5,000 00 
 1889-91, Estate of the late Bryan McCahill, through 
 
 Thomas J. McCahill, A.M., to educate a student for 
 
 the priesthood 340 00 
 
 1890-91, Lieutenant Herbert G. Squiers, U.S.A., to 
 
 educate two boys 660 00 
 
148 APPENDIX. 
 
 LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS TO THE HUGHES STATUE. 
 
 Eugene Kelly $1,000 00 
 
 Hon. Wm. B. Grace 250 00 
 
 Hon. W. C. Whitny 250 00 
 
 Henry McAleenan 250 00 
 
 Peter Doelger 250 00 
 
 Hon. Edward Cooper 250 00 
 
 O. B. Potter 250 00 
 
 Thos. F. Ryan 250 00 
 
 Bishop John Loughlin 200 00 
 
 D. C. Connell 200 00 
 
 Hon. Theo. W. Meyers 150 00 
 
 Hon. Hugh J. Grant 150 00 
 
 John F. Haben, McKeesport, Pa 101 50 
 
 Archbishop Corrigan 100 00 
 
 Rev. John J. Hughes 200 00 
 
 Kev. J. J. Flood 100 00 
 
 Hon. M. J. O'Brien 100 00 
 
 Robert McCafferty 100 00 
 
 Thos. Macmannus, Chihuahua, Mex 100 00 
 
 Wm. H. Hurst 100 00 
 
 Hon. Gunning S. Bedford 100 00 
 
 C. C. Baldwin 100 00 
 
 Jos. P. Payten 100 00 
 
 David McClure 100 00 
 
 Frederick R Coudert 100 00 
 
 John O'Neill 100 00 
 
 Hon. Henry D. Purroy 100 00 
 
 George Ehret 100 00 
 
 Francis O'Neill 100 00 
 
 Daniel Lavery, 594 Ninth Av 100 00 
 
 Hon. Jos. J. O'Donohue, 5 East Sixty-ninth St 100 00 
 
 M. P. Breslin, 114 East Seventieth St 100 00 
 
 Thos. Kelly 100 00 
 
 Henry Amy 100 00 
 
 James J. Doherty, West Forty-sixth St 225 00 
 
 T. R. Crawford.. 100 00 
 
APPENDIX. 14:9 
 
 Hon. Kichard O'Gorman $100 00 
 
 Major John Byrne 100 00 
 
 Eev. D. A. Merrick, Eector St. Francis Xavier's 100 00 
 
 Thos. H. O'Connor 100 00 
 
 Thomas J. McCahill 100 00 
 
 Jacob Kuppert 100 00 
 
 Eev. Patrick McGovern, Croton 100 00 
 
 John O'Donohue 50 00 
 
 Maurice Ahearn 50 00 
 
 F. C. O'Eeilly, New Jersey 50 00 
 
 Eev. William McNulty 50 00 
 
 St. John's College (Alumni Prize) 50 00 
 
 H. K. Doherty 50 00 
 
 Mr. Walsh, Parsons, Pa., for his son, Jas. J. Walsh, S. J. . . 50 00 
 
 Eev. Wm. Keagan, V.-G 50 00 
 
 Eev. J. J. Doherty (additional) 80 00 
 
 Eev. John Gleason 50 00 
 
 L. J. Callanan 50 00 
 
 Peter McGinnis 50 00 
 
 John Eeilly, East Fourteenth St 50 00 
 
 Thos. Dunn, Fordham 50 00 
 
 Hon. James Fitzgerald 50 00 
 
 Hon. John D. Crimmins 50 00 
 
 Edward Stokes 50 00 
 
 Michael Fitzsimmons , . . . 50 00 
 
 Eev. John F. Kearney 50 00 
 
 John B. Manning 75 00 
 
 Patrick Farrelly 50 00 
 
 Leo Schlesinger 50 00 
 
 Excelsior Council, C.B.L., P. J. Kennedy, Park & 
 
 Tilford, Fifty-ninth St. and Fifth Av 50 00 
 
 Hon. Chauncey M. Depew 50 00 
 
 Edw. C. Sheehy, Eleventh St. and Third Av 50 00 
 
 Henry Clausen, Forty-seventh St. and Second Av 50 00 
 
 Edmond J. Curry, 1510 Third Av 50 00 
 
 Major Edward Dufly 50 00 
 
 Patrick Kiernan 50 00 
 
 John Mack 50 00 
 
 Cornelius Callahan . 50 00 
 
150 APPENDIX. 
 
 Kev. Sylvester Malone $50 00 
 
 John A. Sullivan 50 00 
 
 James McMahon, Brooklyn, N. Y 50 00 
 
 Edward Schell 50 00 
 
 John Woods, Jersey City, N. J 40 00 
 
 James Meehan 25 00 
 
 Eugene Durnin 25 00 
 
 P. A. Hendrick 25 00 
 
 J. Mulleen 25 00 
 
 Eev. James Fitzjames 25 00 
 
 Hon. T. K. Sheil, William's Bridge 25 00 
 
 Eev. Father Fitzharris 25 00 
 
 John J. Brady 25 00 
 
 Kev. John Weir 25 00 
 
 Eev. M. A. Hallahan, Ticonderoga, N. T 25 00 
 
 Very Eev. Jas. S. Lynch, V.-G., Syracuse, N. Y 25 00 
 
 Eev. John A. McKenna 25 00 
 
 Eev. M. J. McEvoy 25 00 
 
 Hon. Honore Mercier 25 00 
 
 Eev. J. F. Flood, Chicago 25 00 
 
 Eev. Jas. J. Flood 25 00 
 
 Dr. T. J. Dunn 25 00 
 
 Eev. John Quinn, Collinsville, Conn 25 00 
 
 Eev. Paul T. Carew, Newark 25 00 
 
 Patrick Walsh 25 00 
 
 John Slattery, Fifty-third St 25 00 
 
 Eev. D. O'Conor, Dobb's Ferry 25 00 
 
 Eev. M. J. Lavelle 25 00 
 
 A. L. Ashman, Sinclair House 25 C 
 
 L. J. Cailanan, Jr 25 00 
 
 James J. Cailanan 25 00 
 
 James A. O'Gorman 25 00 
 
 Eev. Dr. Wood 25 00 
 
 Edward C. O'Brien 25 00 
 
 Hon. L. A. Giegerich - 25 00 
 
 Herman Eidder 25 00 
 
 Henry Hughes, 234 East Thirty-fourth St 25 00 
 
 Hon. J. S. Coleman 25 00 
 
 Eev. Patrick Kelly 25 00 
 
APPENDIX. 151 
 
 Kev. Jos. P. Eagan $25 00 
 
 Louis F. Haffen 50 00 
 
 Louis M. Benziger 25 00 
 
 Dr. Wm. J. O'Byrne 25 00 
 
 Bro. Anthony, Manhattan College 25 00 
 
 F. V. S. Oliver 25 00 
 
 Chas. E. Miller 25 00 
 
 Wm. Lummis 25 00 
 
 James D. Lynch 25 00 
 
 Hon. James J. Martin 25 00 
 
 William H. Seward 25 00 
 
 James Olwell 25 00 
 
 Patrick Carroll 25 00 
 
 John Murtha , 25 00 
 
 Very Rev. John M. Farley , 25 00 
 
 F. P. Carroll 25 00 
 
 Hon. Henry R. Beekman, 111 Broadway 25 00 
 
 Jos. J. Gleason, 216 East Fiftieth St 25 00 
 
 Dr. L. J. McNamara, 126 Washington PI 25 00 
 
 Jas. Olwell & Co 25 00 
 
 John Earley 25 00 
 
 John Dnun 25 00 
 
 John P. Dunn 25 00 
 
 Dominick O'Reilly 25 00 
 
 Thos. F. Carr 25 00 
 
 Peter A. Lalor 25 00 
 
 Jas. M. Quigley, 44 Wall St 25 00 
 
 Judge Jos. F. Daly 25 00 
 
 Fr. Pustet & Co 25 00 
 
 James J. Phelan 25 00 
 
 Walter G. Hennessey 25 00 
 
 Jos. Dillon 25 00 
 
 Dennis A. Spellissey 25 00 
 
 J. Fitzpatrick & Co 25 00 
 
 B. Muldone 25 00 
 
 Hon. W. L. Brown, Senator 25 00 
 
 James Read & Co 25 00 
 
 Rev. Nicholas J. Hughes 25 00 
 
 Lyceum of St. John's (Evangelist) 25 00 
 
152 APPENDIX. 
 
 Michael J. N. McCaffery $25 00 
 
 Alpin J. Cameron 25 00 
 
 Thos. F. Eagan 25 00 
 
 John McCann 25 00 
 
 Hon. J. Fitzsimmons 25 00 
 
 Kev. P. W. Tandy 25 00 
 
 Kandolph Guggenheimer 25 00 
 
 James G. Johnson 25 00 
 
 Hon. Thos. F. Gilroy 25 00 
 
 Mills & Coleman 25 00 
 
 Kev. F. P. Eafferty 20 00 
 
 Otto Horwitz, Stewart Building 20 00 
 
 Eev. C. B. O'Reilly 20 00 
 
 Jos. Leavey 20 00 
 
 Mrs. Ann Dyer, Fordham . 20 00 
 
 Smythe & Eyan 20 00 
 
 Dr. W. A. McCreary 20 00 
 
 James J. Traynor 20 00 
 
 Mrs. J. Combes 20 00 
 
 Martin J. Flemming, M.D 20 00 
 
 Augustin Daly 20 00 
 
 Francis Higgins (additional) 25 00 
 
 General M. F. McMahon 15 00 
 
 Wm. Farrell. 10 00 
 
 James J. Larldn 10 00 
 
 Mrs. M. L. Flynn 10 00 
 
 Nicholas Murphy 10 00 
 
 Eev. Wm. A. Dunphy 10 00 
 
 " James E. Bobier 10 00 
 
 " M. J. McAvoy 25 00 
 
 " Thos. Lynch 10 00 
 
 T. F. Neville 10 00 
 
 Geo. Edebohls, M.D 10 00 
 
 Very Eev. James Hughes, V.-G 10 00 
 
 C. V. Fornes 10 00 
 
 Eev. F. A. Smith, S.J 10 00 
 
 S. A. Wall 10 00 
 
 Eev. Wm. L. Penny 10 00 
 
 M. Donohoe 10 00 
 
APPENDIX. 153 
 
 Jos. Thoron $10 00 
 
 Dalton Bros 10 00 
 
 Felix P. Kremp 10 00 
 
 Bryan Laurence 10 00 
 
 Geo. M Curtis, 269 Broadway 10 00 
 
 M. Hallinan, 196 West Fourth St 10 00 
 
 Mrs. R. W. Montgomery 10 00 
 
 A. H. Dundon 10 00 
 
 Rev. P. F. McSweeney, D.D 10 00 
 
 O. P. Buel 10 00 
 
 Rev. H. A. Brann, D.D 10 00 
 
 Rev. M. A. Taylor 10 00 
 
 G. Herbermann 10 00 
 
 P. Donohue 10 00 
 
 John J. Rogers 10 00 
 
 B. L. KeenaUy 10 00 
 
 Rev. James Nilan 10 00 
 
 Rev. Thos. J. McMillan, C.S.P 10 00 
 
 William F. Carey 10 00 
 
 John H. Hyland 10 00 
 
 Rev. I. Meister , 10 00 
 
 Bernholtz & Son 10 00 
 
 Rev. John J. Boyle, West 125th St 10 00 
 
 Stoltzenberg & Co 10 00 
 
 Mr. P. Brennan 10 00 
 
 G. W. Eggleston 5 00 
 
 Jas. McDonnell 5 00 
 
 Jas. M. Quigley 5 00 
 
 C. H. McCusker 5 00 
 
 Cash, Oct. 13th (Father Scully) 5 00 
 
 Mr. Baley (Mexico) 5 00 
 
 Mr. Murtaugh 5 00 
 
 P. I. Kelly 5 00 
 
 Mrs. Fisher, Bedford Park 5 00 
 
 Mrs. Mary Burke, Fordham 5 00 
 
 Pope & Klay 5 00 
 
 Mr. Biggane 5 00 
 
 Anonymous 5 00 
 
 John S. O'Meara 5 00 
 
154: APPENDIX. 
 
 Reynolds Bros $5 00 
 
 Jas. S. Baron 5 00 
 
 Talbot & Farjon 5 00 
 
 A. I. Beemis 2 00 
 
 J. V. Healy 1 00 
 
 The Daughter of a King 10 
 
DEC 
 
 LD21 -100 m .9,'47(A5702sl6)476