>>*
 
 SOME 
 MEMORY DAYS
 
 Some Memory Days 
 
 of the Church 
 
 in America 
 
 By 
 
 S. ALICE RANLETT 
 
 Milwaukee: 
 The Young Churchman Co. 
 
 London: 
 A. R. Mowbray & Co.
 
 Copyright, 1911, 
 
 by 
 
 THE YOUNG CHURCHMAN CO. 
 
 Reprinted, 
 
 iu considerable part, from 
 
 The YoI'Ng Christian Soldier.
 
 
 5 
 
 CONTENTS 
 
 I. — The Eabliest of All 1 
 
 II. — History of the Fouxdattox 10 
 
 III.— In Virginia 16 
 
 IV. — In Maine and New Hajipsiiibe 32 
 
 V. — In Massachusetts 42 
 
 VI. — Other Beginnings 48 
 
 VII. — In the South 54 
 
 VIII. — A Group of Early Missionaries .... 64 
 
 IX. — The Church and the Yatton 72 
 
 X. — The First Bishops 81 
 
 XL — The Advance 92 
 
 XII. — The Missionary Church 106 
 
 19
 
 ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 Pocahontas Saving the Life of Captain John 
 
 Smith Frontispiece 
 
 Bas-Relief ^Iexiorial of Robert Hunt's First 
 Celebration of Holy Communion, James- 
 town, Va 20-21 
 
 Captain John Smith and Pocahontas . . 24-25 
 
 Ruins of Jamestown (Va. ) Tower .... 30-31 
 
 Rev. John Wesley 68-69 
 
 An Historic Font 72-73 
 
 Bishop Seabltry 84-85 
 
 Bishop Seabury's Mitre 86-87 
 
 Bishop WiixiAii White 90-91 
 
 Bishop Hobart 92-93 
 
 Bishop Philander Chase 94-95 
 
 Bishop Kemper 102-103 
 
 Rev. James Lloyd Breck 102-103 
 
 Bishop George Washington Doane .... 108-109 
 
 Bishop Channing ^fooRE Williams .... 110-111 
 
 Bishop Boone, Sr 110-111
 
 The Earliest of All. 
 
 When we look at an old oak-tree with massive 
 trunk, spreading branches, and glory of graceful, 
 deep-lobed leaves, pink-flushed in spring, shining 
 green in summer, and glowing crimson in autumn, 
 if we are thinking folk, we are likely to ask, "Where 
 did this noble tree come from?" and to wonder, as 
 we answer ourselves: "From a tiny golden-brown 
 acorn that fell from an older tree." And then we 
 think how that tree came from yet an older, and so 
 on, back to the long ago birthday of oak-trees and 
 other trees, wlien God, creating, said, '"Let the eartli 
 bring forth the fruit-tree, yielding fruit after his 
 kind." And we look again at our grand forest-tree, 
 and, marvelling, tbink liow one small acorn holds in 
 its dainty cup the "possibility of not only one oak- 
 tree, but of oak-trees to the thousandth generation, 
 indeed, of oak-trees without end." 
 
 In some such way, when we consider the beauty 
 and strength of Christ's C'bnrcli in this dear land of
 
 2 SOME MEMORY DAYS 
 
 ours, and look backward to learn how she has come 
 to this estate, we find that she has grown from grace 
 to grace out of the seed of God's creation carried from 
 land to land and nourished by His servants of many 
 ages; and we learn that about three hundred years 
 ago this seed was brought to this country by our 
 forefathers from the old home of the Church in 
 England, where for nearly sixteen centuries she had 
 been giving her fruit for the healing of men's souls. 
 
 To England, also across the sea, the seed of the 
 Church was carried, probably in the days when St. 
 Paul, the Missionary to the West, was a prisoner in 
 Kome, chained to two soldiers whose fellow-soldiers 
 were fighting for the Eoman Emperor in heathen 
 Britain. Perhaps St. Paul's fellow-prisoners were 
 nobles brought in chains from that same Britain to 
 Rome, there to become the freemen of the Lord, and 
 to carry news of Him to their own people. Then, if 
 we still look backward, we shall keep, with St. Paul, 
 St. Peter, St. John, and the Apostolic Church of all 
 lands, for the first great memory day of our Ameri- 
 can Church, her Birthday, when, in the upper cham- 
 ber at Jerusalem, life and power came to her at 
 Pentecost by the might of the Holy Spirit. 
 
 There are many great memory days of the Churcli 
 in other lands that we should gladly think of with 
 honor, but we must not linger for these, until we 
 come to tlie time when our English forefathers, sail- 
 ing to discover unknown lands, carried with them
 
 OF THE CHUECH IN AMERICA 3 
 
 across the storm}' ocean the seed of the Church 
 which for ages had been the Mother Church of their 
 people and ours. 
 
 When, on 8t. John's Day in liOT, John Cabot, 
 coming upon the Labrador coast, discovered for the 
 Avorld the continent of America, he carried with him 
 in his English ship some minister of the English 
 Church (un-reformed) ; and when he planted on the 
 barren shore the banner of England, almost certainly 
 the prayers of the Church were said for the first time 
 in America. And when John's son, Sebastian Cabot, 
 in the reign of the young Edward VI., sailed in 
 1553 to "discover places unknown," with him went 
 Master Richard Stafford, minister of the Church of 
 England, who daily read Morning and Evening 
 Prayer, and the other Church services which were 
 "strictly enjoined." "In the name and fear of God, 
 the explorers put forth on the unknown seas, carry- 
 ing with them the Body and Blood of Christ as their 
 viaticum," and the last home words that they heard 
 were the prayers of the Church. "The cross with the 
 arms of England marked their discoveries, and on 
 their way, north to the ice, south to the boundaries 
 of the globe, and west to the broad rivers and inland 
 seas of the New World, the prayers of the English 
 Church were said daily"; and the old log-books and 
 charters mention the desire of the sailors to carry 
 the Word of God to these "very mighty, vast 
 countries."
 
 4 SOME MRMORY DAYS 
 
 Tliere are many great iiieniorv da^'s of our Church 
 in the years when the national life of England was 
 in full vigor, with Queen Elizabeth on the throne, 
 gathering about her great men of thought and action, 
 sailors and soldiers, statesmen, poets, philosophers, 
 discoverers, and Churchmen. The world of things 
 and tlie world of tliought were growing fast; Colum- 
 bus, Amerigo Vespucci, and the Cabots had found a 
 way to the new continent, and with the love for ad- 
 venture and desire for gold and also for new things, 
 the love of country and queen and the love of the 
 Church and her Holy King, urged Englishmen to 
 found English colonies in the New World. 
 
 Among the stirring spirits of the time was Cap- 
 tain Martin Frobislier, who, firmly believing in a 
 short passage to China, determined to go himself, 
 "and make full proof thereof"; and who, sailing on 
 his first voyage, in 159G, pushed on amid "cruel 
 storms of snow and haile, great islands of yce, and 
 mighty deere which ran at him so that hardly he 
 escaped with his life." 
 
 But it is in a later voyage of the brave Frobisher 
 that we find a Church memory day, for this time 
 there sailed with him Master Wolfall, "the first mis- 
 sionary priest of the English Church to America, 
 a learned man, appointed by her Majesty's council 
 to be their minister and preacher, who, being well 
 seated in his own country, with a good living," left 
 home and family to "take in hand this painful voy-
 
 OF THE CHURCH IN AMERICA 5 
 
 age for the only care lie had to save soules to Chris- 
 tianit}'.-' The voyage was full of perils; the ships 
 sometiiiies struck "great rocks of yce like mighty 
 mountains, from whose melting tops poured down 
 streams able to drive a mill," and the "brunt of these 
 so great and extreme dangers overcame the poore 
 mariners" ; but, in August, they reached their "former 
 harbor,*' probably in Labrador, and "highly praised 
 God and, upon their knees, gave Him due, humble 
 and heartie thanks.'' And there, among the ice fields 
 far to the north, on the eastern coast of America, on 
 a Church memory day, was God first worshipped in 
 America in the Holy Communion according to the 
 Church of England; for Master AVolfall "celebrated 
 a communion at the partaking whereof was the cap- 
 tain and many other soldiers, mariners, and miners. 
 This celebration of the Divine Mystery was the first 
 signe, seale, and confirmation of Christ's Name, 
 death, and passion ever known in these quarters." 
 
 While Frobisher, with Master Wolfall, was skirt- 
 ing the Labrador coast, another brave Englishman, 
 -Sir Francis Drake, had gone far south, passed 
 through the straits of Magellan, and sailing north 
 along the western coast, discovered the country whicli 
 is now Califor)iia and Oregon, and on that memory 
 day of the Church which is the Eve of the Day of St. 
 John Baptist, J 579, Drake in his ship, tJie Pelican. 
 sailed into a "faire goode baye," probably San Fran- 
 cisco Bay, and called his company together for
 
 6 SOME MEMORY DAYS 
 
 prayers. The wondering Indians brought presents, 
 bunches of black feathers, rush baskets filled with 
 tobacco, quivers of arrows, and furs, which the ad- 
 miral took, and gave back clothing and linen. But 
 when he saw that the poor people looked on the Eng- 
 lish as gods, he with his company fell to prayers, and 
 lifted up eyes and hands to heaven, to show that the 
 God who should be worshipped is above; and Francis 
 Fletcher, the chaplain, prayed God to open the sav- 
 ages' blinded eyes ''that they might be called to the 
 knowledge of Him, the true God, and Jesus Christ, 
 the Salvation of the Gentiles." 
 
 During the prayers, reading the Bible, and sing- 
 ing the Psalms, the Indians sat attentive and as if 
 taking pleasure, and often afterward asked for the 
 prayers and singing. When they showed their "griefs 
 and aches," the English treated these with salves 
 and lotions, "beseeching God to give cure to their dis- 
 eases by these means." Then a great company came, 
 escorting the Indian king with a bodyguard of a hun- 
 dred tall savages, and with solemn dances and sing- 
 ing they offered their crown and sceptre to the Eng- 
 lish. These Drake took, wishing that people so tract- 
 able and loving might, by the "preaching of the Gos- 
 pel, be brought to the knowledge of tlie true and ever- 
 lasting God." 
 
 Drake called the country Albion, with a loving 
 thought of his home country, and because of the white 
 cliffs: and lie set up there a monument claiming the
 
 OF THE CHURCH IX AMERICA 7 
 
 land for England; and Admiral Drake's chaplain, 
 Francis Fletcher, has tJie honor of being the first of 
 the English Church to minister the "Word and Sacra- 
 ments in the territory of the United States. Per- 
 haps, when, on that St. John Baptist's Day so long 
 ago, he said the Collect of the Church, he hoped that 
 he, too, by ''God's Providence," had been sent to that 
 far-off Pacific shore to "prepare the way of God's 
 Son our Saviour." In some way, perhaps, he did 
 such preparing, and he and his companions seem to 
 have shown a gentle spirit of love to the natives, for 
 these, when they saw the English making ready to 
 depart, burst into "sighs and sorrowings and woful 
 complaints and moans and Ijitter tears"; but, finally, 
 when Drake's company "fell to prayers and singing 
 of Psalms," the Indians became calm and also "fell 
 a-lifting of their eyes and hands to heaven," like the 
 white men. Then from tlie liill-tops they watched 
 the sailing ships and were left alone on the Pacific 
 shore, perhaps dimly understanding that the Great 
 Spirit had sent messengers to teach them of Himself, 
 and doubtless looking forward to the coming again 
 of these white-faced messengers. Poor, simple souls, 
 joining, for a few summer days, in will at least, in 
 the worship of the Church, and lifting up their eyes 
 to God I ]\Iay we not believe that even so they were 
 better prepared to meet the next messengers, whether 
 men or angels, whom God should send to them. His 
 untaught children of the far Western land, for whom
 
 8 SOME MEMOKY DAYS 
 
 more than three ct'iituries ago the prayers of the 
 Church were said into the listening ear of God? 
 
 One of the first of the noble discoverers of Auiei- 
 ica — the first he is called to ''erect an habitation ami 
 government in these countreys" — was the gallant 8ir 
 Humphre}^ Gilbert, who, in I0I8 and again in 1583, 
 endeavoring to settle in America men of the English 
 nation and English Church, said he was urged in 
 this by the honor of God and by compassion for the 
 poor natives "whom it seemed God had designed to 
 be redeemed by Christianity l^y the English." In- 
 stead of seeking to acquire great wealth for himself, 
 Gilbert wished to help his countrymen and to 
 carry God's Word into the very "mighty and vast 
 countreys." He sacrificed his own fortune to equip 
 his little fleet of five small barques, with which he 
 sailed across the Atlantic. Landing in Xewfound- 
 land, he took possession of the island for England 
 and provided for the care of the settlement by the 
 Church. The storms and dangers of the coast terri- 
 fied many of his men, who deserted him; but, com- 
 manding himself the little barque Squirrel, with two 
 other vessels, he sailed southward, seeking other land- 
 ing-places, till the "outrageous" seas and storms over- 
 came his frail barque. But tliese could not overcome 
 the courage and faith of her captain, who, just be- 
 fore the vessel sank, on the Tenth Sunday after 
 Trinity, 1583, was seen sitting aloft with a book, 
 and cheering his men, calling to them, "'We are as
 
 OF THE CHURCH IN AMERICA 9 
 
 near to heaven by sea as by land." So Sir Humphrey 
 was one of the brave men who began to bring the seed 
 of the Church to our land, and when, on a certain 
 smnmer Sunday which is one of our memory days, 
 we, throughout this great country, pray God to "make 
 us ask such things as shall please Him," we may be 
 sure that the noble Gilbert's holy longings and prayers 
 were for Just such things, and that through them 
 blessings have come to the Church in this western 
 land where he strove to plant the old Faith. 
 
 With another English explorer, Sir Eichard Gren- 
 ville, in 1585, sailed the honored Master Hariot, 
 scholar and historian, who in each place to which they 
 came "set forth the Bible and the knowledge of the 
 true God, that the Indians might be made partakers 
 of His truth." A man of prayer himself, by example 
 and by teaching he impressed the poor savages with 
 some sense of the value of prayer, and, in their simple 
 way, they tried to show their reverence for the Bible 
 and their hungry desire to know its contents by strok- 
 ing and kissing the Book. 
 
 i\.s we think of these memory days when, in the 
 first English ships that came to this land came the 
 seed of the Church and the Word of God, may we 
 not believe that some souls of the forest people in 
 those old times are also keeping them as glad memory 
 days in the Church Unseen, and praising the Lord 
 whom thev there learned to know?
 
 II. 
 
 Helpers of the Foundation. 
 
 Sir Humphrey Gilbert, the "soldier resolute 
 in Jesus Christ/' as he was called, went down into the 
 raging waves in the "great torment of weather," but 
 the cause of the Church in America was not wrecked, 
 and Gilbert's attempt to plant Christian inhabitants 
 there led to great things, for Edward Hayes, a Chris- 
 tian gentleman of Gilbert's company, "continued to 
 the end, and by God's assistance returned home" to 
 write a thrilling account of his voyage. He reminded 
 Englishmen that Gilbert's failure but proved that 
 ''little by little men were to be won to the truth, and 
 that they ought to be prepared to execute God's will, 
 when the due time should come to call the pagan 
 Americans to Christianity"; and he begged men to 
 go to the New World with virtuous motives, chiefly 
 the honor of God and the help that they could give, 
 for it seemed that God had reserved Xorth America 
 to be reduced to Christianity by the English nation. 
 
 Mr. Hayes also wrote a winsome account of the 
 lands visited, of the harmless Indians, the rich and 
 varied products of sea and land, tlie incredible quan-
 
 OF THE CHURCH IN AMERICA 11 
 
 tity of trout, salmon, and cod, whales, and delicious 
 turbot, lobsters, and oysters having pearls. He de- 
 scribed the vast forests of firs, pines, and cypresses, 
 to supply tar, pitch, boards, and masts ; he mentioned 
 the wild roses "passing sweet" and the rich grass 
 "which fats sheep in a short space," and the peas 
 sown by the English, the "first fruits of industry in 
 the far land"; and he wrote of partridges, falcons, 
 and canary-birds, of red deer, buffaloes, bears, wolves, 
 foxes, beavers, martins, and sables with choice fur, 
 and of many "other creatures which led the English 
 explorers to glorify God, who filled the earth with 
 animals for the use of man." So Gilbert's discov- 
 eries and efforts to possess America for God aroused 
 other Englishmen to take up the task that dropped 
 from his hand. 
 
 Sir Walter Ealeigh, a favorite of Queen Elizabeth, 
 whose attention our history students will remember 
 he won by throwing his velvet cloak into the mud to 
 be a mat for her feet, was deeply interested in 
 America and fitted out the expedition which resulted 
 in the settlement of Roanoke Island, on the coast 
 of North Carolina. Here, on August 18, 1587, was 
 born Virginia Dare, the granddaughter of the col- 
 ony's Governor, and the first-born American child 
 of English parents upon whose brow fell the glisten- 
 ing drops of water in baptism, while the words of 
 the English Prayer Book declared that she was re- 
 ceived "into the congregation of Christ's flock,"
 
 12 SOME MEMORY DAYS 
 
 The little Virginia came to a home whose people 
 were already suffering hunger in their brave effort 
 to build an English America ; and when she was a 
 wee baby her grandfather, the Governor, was obliged 
 to go to England for assistance. When he returned 
 to Roanoke Island he found grass growing in the 
 deserted block-house, and fragments of his own books 
 and pictures scattered over the grovmd, but not a 
 living soul on the island. He never again heard from 
 his loved ones, except that, years afterwards, some 
 Indians declared that, from a general massacre of 
 English who came from an island, a young white 
 girl had been saved and was living with the savages : 
 and to this day some believe that this white girl 
 was the little Virginia Dare, and that her grand- 
 children in some degree are among the half-breeds 
 of North Carolina. So it is possible that, when our 
 American Church is teaching the Indians of the 
 South, she may be leading back to the Faith some 
 descendant of the first child of the Church born in 
 N"orth America. 
 
 Among those who did noble service in planting 
 the Church in America were some wdio themselves 
 never sailed across tlie ocean to the New World; for 
 in the time of Queen Bess, as now, the pen of a think- 
 ing man was a mighty weapon and ii\spired people 
 to great deeds. Especially let us honor one of these 
 men who vigorously and lovingly helped us on our 
 way to our Nation and our Church. His name is
 
 OF THE CHURCH IN AMERICA 13 
 
 Richard Hakluyt, and he was a schoolboy in West- 
 minster School, London, when, one day in the year 
 1568, he went into a quiet room in the Temple, where 
 his cousin, an older Richard Hakluyt, sat dreaming 
 over the maps of the Western world, new and wonder- 
 ful in that time. The older man opened the Bible, 
 and pointed to those verses which declare that "they 
 that go down to the sea in ships, and occupy their 
 business in great waters; these men see the works of 
 the Lord, and His wonders in the deep"; then he 
 called the boy's attention to the fascinating maps. 
 
 This incident determined the young Richard's 
 career, and, as it led to his having an important share 
 in planting England in America, it made that day in 
 1568 a memory day for us. For the boy, after years 
 of study at Oxford, becaipe the chaplain of the Eng- 
 lish Embassy in Paris, and later one of the clergy 
 of Westminstei", in whose great abbey he was buried 
 with high honors; and, while his life was spent in 
 the service of the Church of England, it was also 
 spent in the service of the yet unplanted Church in 
 America. Richard Hakluyt, with practical common 
 sense, high wisdom, and great faith in, and hope for, 
 things yet to be, became the wisest man of his age 
 in the wonderful, new, ever-growing geography of the 
 time, and the Englishman who knew the very most 
 about all matters relating to the New World. His 
 book, called Principal Voijaye-s', full of poetry and 
 thrilling in interest, contains the exciting accounts
 
 14 SOME ME]MORY DAYS 
 
 of the bold journeys of Frobisher, Drake, Gilbert, 
 and the other sailor-kings of Elizabeth's day; and its 
 stirring, inspiring tales roused many to sail away to 
 the great mysterious Western land. 
 
 Also, at the request of Ealeigh, and especially to 
 arouse the Queen's interest in the new country, Hak- 
 luyt wrote his famous Discourse of Western Planting, 
 in which in his quaint way he sets forth many sound 
 reasons for the planting of colonies by England in 
 North America, declaring that "Virginia was the 
 door that God had opened," and that "this Western 
 discoverie will be greatly for the enlargement of the 
 Gospel of Christ." "It remaineth," he writes, "to be 
 thoroughly weighed by what means and by whom this 
 truest Christian work may be performed and multi- 
 tudes of simple people l)e led into the way of their 
 salvation. Preachers should be sent by those who 
 have taken on themselves the defence of the Faith, 
 and this ought to be their chief work. The way to 
 send help is to plant colonies and learn the language 
 of the people, and instil into their minds the sweet 
 liquor of the Gospel, not thinking of gaining filthy 
 lucre, but gaining the souls of millions of wretched 
 people. The people of America cry out to us, their 
 next neighbors, to come and help them, and unto 
 those who shall do this worthy work God shall give 
 of His riches." 
 
 While the wise Hakluyt and others were thus 
 writing and teaching to help on the planting of the.
 
 OF THE CHURCH IN AMERICA 15 
 
 Western land, the naval heroes, Drake, Hawkins, Fro- 
 bisher, and Howard, and the keen statesmen, Bur- 
 leigh and Walsingham, were working- together, and 
 "behind them the wayward, wilful, but always brave 
 and patriotic Queen Elizabeth"; and close at hand 
 was an event which, under God's guidance, was to 
 make safe and sure the planting ol; England and the 
 Church in the Xew World. 
 
 In the summer of 1588 came that event the story 
 of which we read even now breathless with excite- 
 ment. Up the English Channel sailed one hundred 
 and thirty black ships-of-war from Spain, with three 
 thousand cannon and thirty thousand men, and car- 
 rying ninety executioners with racks and thumb- 
 screws, to set up the Inquisition on English soil. We 
 know the thrilling story, how "the intelligence of 
 English freemen fought against mediaeval chivalry" ; 
 how, with a frightful loss of ships and men, the great 
 Armada was destroyed, and how the English sea- 
 kings pursued their victories until England ruled 
 the sea, and so was free to plant her colonies in 
 America and leave them there in safety, for colonies 
 cannot live if the line is cut between them and the 
 mother country. 
 
 So the day of the defeat of the great Armada is 
 one of our memory days, since this was the event 
 in the glorious history of England that made it pos- 
 sible for her people and hei' Church to l)e planted in 
 North America.
 
 III. 
 
 In Virginia. 
 
 When, by the defeat of the Armada, the ocean 
 road was quite safe for Eughind, Englishmen of the 
 highest character and intelligence hastened to make 
 the best use of it by sending over its broad water- 
 way new companies of colonists to America. Espe- 
 cially, Sir Walter Ealeigh never forgot Virginia, and 
 though his efforts to make an English settlement 
 there had exhausted his fortunes, and troubles and 
 imprisonment in the grim tower of London came to 
 him, still his zealous labor kept alive the interest in 
 Virginia. In 1606, one of his friends, a stout sailor, 
 Capt. Christopher Newport by name, was placed in 
 command of an expedition which set sail in three 
 vessels, the Susan Constant, the Godspeed, and the 
 Discovery, on New Year's Day, 1607, three hundred 
 and four years ago our very latest New Year's Day. 
 A true memory day for our nation and our Church 
 that was, marking the beginning of wonderful new 
 years for the Mother Old World and its daughter- 
 land, America. 
 
 As the colonists sailed away from England, a
 
 OF THE CHURCH IN AMERICA 17 
 
 farewell was wafted to them in the verses of the 
 poet laureate, Michael Drayton, who sang: 
 
 "You have heroic minds, 
 Worthy your country's naine, 
 That honor still pursue; 
 Go and subdue. 
 
 "And cheerfully at sea 
 Success you still entice 
 To get the pearl and gold, 
 And ours to hold 
 Virginia, 
 Earth's very paradise! 
 In kenning of the shore, 
 Be thanks to GJod first given." 
 
 The colonists carried, for their help in the new 
 land, careful instructions, supposed to have been 
 written by the wise Hakluyt. They were advised to 
 choose a strong, wholesome, and fertile place for their 
 settlement; to take great care not to offend the na- 
 tives; to "make themselves all of one mind for the 
 good of their country"; and to "serve and fear God, 
 the giver of all goodness; for every plantation which 
 our Heavenly Father doth not plant shall be rooted 
 out." 
 
 After a long and trying voyage, on April 26, 
 1G07, two years before the French settled Canada, 
 and thirteeen years before the Pilgrim Mayfower 
 sailed into Plymouth harbor, the three little vessels 
 with their precious freight, the seed of the Church, 
 came to the American shore at Cape Henry, Vir-
 
 18 SOME MEMORY DAYS 
 
 ginia. Taking shelter from a .storm iu Hampton 
 Eoads, the colonists named its promontory Point 
 Comfort, and, sailing up the hroad river, they chose 
 a place for their settlement on a little peninsula, 
 where they landed. May 13, 160T. A glorious mem- 
 ory day this, for the triangular fort at once built by 
 the Englishmen was that which was called Fort 
 James for their king, and soon tlie settlement was 
 known as Jamestown, that sacred place where "first 
 the Old World permanently touched the Xew^ where 
 the white man first met the redskin for civilization, 
 and where the English cut the first tree for the first 
 log-cabin. Here was the first capital of our empire 
 of states; here was the first foundation of a nation 
 of freemen; here was the first successful planting of 
 the English and the English Church in the Xew 
 World, the garden of our infancy in the \^'est; and 
 here the English race first came into possession of 
 their portion of the New World and began to shape 
 the destiny of this continent,"" for the men who 
 settled Jan^estown brouglit with them English lib- 
 erty and the English Church. 
 
 Among the leaders of the colony were men chiv- 
 alrous and pious, longing to enlarge the realms of 
 their king and the bounds of the Kingdom of God; 
 and valiant soldiers, and men of gentle breeding 
 and spiritual enthusiasm and devotion, of whom 
 Hakluyt wrote : "If gentle polishing will not serve 
 to bring the Indians of Virginia to civil causes, our
 
 OF THE CHURCH IN AMERICA 19 
 
 old, war-trained soldiers will be hammers to prepare 
 them for the preacher's hands." 
 
 In the Letters under which the colony was sent, 
 we read of the desire for the "furtherance of a work 
 which may tend to the glory of God's Divine Majes- 
 ty, by bringing the savages to knowledge of Him" ; 
 and the instructions directed that they should with 
 all diligence provide that the "true word and service 
 of the Christian Faith according to the religion of 
 the Church of England should be preached and used 
 not only in the plantations, but also among the 
 savages." 
 
 The men who founded Virginia were men loyal 
 to England and the Church. Belonging to no party 
 and having no grievances, but coming in full sym- 
 pathy with all that was best behind them, they built 
 a noble new establishment upon the old foundation. 
 Thus the "Mother of States" was by God's grace 
 planted with the precious seed of the old Church, 
 brought across the ocean in the brave little pioneer 
 ships, Susan Constant, Godspeed, and Discovery. 
 
 Prominent among the Jamestown colonists were 
 Master Edward Wingfield, the Honorable George 
 Percy, Captain John Smith ; and there were other 
 men, with the "boys," Nat Peacock and Dick Mut- 
 ton; and in their midst moved that man of God, 
 the Rev. Robert Hunt, whose courage, wise counsel, 
 self-sacrifice, and devotion often made peace in times 
 of disagreement. With patient meekness he dis-
 
 20 SOME MEMORY DAYS 
 
 armed all opposition, and his cheerful faith maiu- 
 tained the sinking spirits of his flock; and "when, 
 in a fire in the rising town, he lost his library and 
 everything that he had, no one heard him murmur." 
 
 On the day after the landing, a sail was spread 
 over the heads of the people, and a board was nailed 
 between two trees for a reading-desk, and there, in 
 the flickering sunshine and shadows of the forest, 
 with the wondering Indians lurking in the back- 
 ground, and men armed with Ijlunderbusses guard- 
 ing the congregation, the colonists knelt with their 
 devoted pastor (the first English pastor in America), 
 to offer God the "sacrifice of praise and thanksgiv- 
 ing," and to receive the Body and Blood of the Lord 
 Jesus Christ. As they prayed in the Psalms of that 
 fourteenth day, we may think of their strong faith 
 when they spoke the words : "In Thee, Lord, have 
 I put my trust. Thou art my house of defence. I 
 will go forth in the strength of the Lord God, and 
 will make mention of Thy righteousness only." x\nd 
 we may be sure that their hearts beat high with 
 hope, as they read on: "His dominion shall be also 
 from the one sea to the other, and from the flbod 
 unto the world's end. They that dwell in the wilder- 
 ness shall kneel before Him. . . . All the heathen 
 shall praise Him. And all the earth shall be filled 
 with His Majesty." 
 
 The first building that these English Churchmen 
 put up, after their fort, was a small log church, the
 
 OF THE CHURCH IX AMERICA 21 
 
 inuther church of America, which was burned by the 
 Indians, but replaced in 1619 b}' a second, and that 
 by a third and larger structure. The tower which, 
 half-ruined, still stands at Jamestown, may be a part 
 of the second church; its form shows that once 
 sentries, watching for Indians, patrolled its roof, and 
 that soldiers used its loop-holes for the defence of 
 the town. 
 
 Although the colonists landed in the sunshine 
 and among the bright flowers of May, they had as 
 hard a time as the Pilgrims, who, thirteen years 
 later, landed amid the snows of a 'New England win- 
 ter. The impure river-water which they drank 
 caused violent sickness; and tliere were attacks by 
 the Indians, and '"'starving times"" when food nearly 
 failed, and the day's allowance for each consisted of 
 a half-pint of boiled wheat and the same of barley, 
 all spoiled from being twenty-six weeks in the ship's 
 hold. To the unwholesome food and water wei'e 
 added hard and unfanuiiar labor, the frightful sum- 
 mer heat, and "fevers lurking in the air." One of 
 the men wrote, ''There were never Englishmen left 
 in a foreign country in such misery as we in this 
 new-discovered Virginia. If it had not pleased God 
 to put a terror in the savages' liearts, we had all 
 perished; men were groaning in every corner of the 
 fort, most pitiful to hear." 
 
 Only Captain John Smitlfs keen, alert activity 
 in trading with the Indians for corn saved the col-
 
 22 SOME MEMORY DAYS 
 
 ony from actual starvation. How eagerly the look- 
 out must have watched for his small, active figure 
 coming out of the shadowy forest, accompanied by 
 Indians bringing baskets of golden maize ! 
 
 Captain Smith was a born leader of men, a rigid 
 disciplinarian and of a noble nature. He believed 
 that men were made to help each other, and justice 
 was his guide ; hating sloth, pride, and baseness, he 
 Avould send his soldiers into no dangers where he 
 Avould not lead them; he would starve rather than 
 not pay; he hated falsehood more than death, and 
 it is believed that, but for his superl) courage and 
 ability, the Jamesto\ni colony would have perished, 
 like that of Eoanoke Island. 
 
 It was on one of these corn-hunting trips that 
 Captain Smith was taken prisoner and carried into 
 the long wigwam of the chief called Powhatan, who 
 sat as judge, dressed in a robe of raccoon skins with 
 the tails still hanging from them. Beside him were 
 his squaws, with faces painted bright red and chains 
 of Avhite shell-beads about their necks ; and in front 
 of these stood a line of grim warriors, ready with 
 clubs to dash out the brains of the prisoner, who was 
 already thrown down upon a great stone, when the 
 chief's thirteen-year-old daughter, Pocahontas, 
 rushed up and threw herself upon Captain Smith, 
 protecting him, and inducing her father to spare his 
 life. Xow this day of the rescue of Captain Smith, 
 J;inu;ii-y 5, 1608, is one of our memory davs, for on
 
 OF THE CHURCH IN AMERICA 23 
 
 it began the friendly interest of the Indian girl, and 
 her visits to the Jamestown colony which her kind 
 services more than once saved from destruction, as 
 we shall see later. 
 
 While Captain Smith was securing corn from the 
 Indians for the hungry colony, Captain Xewport Avas 
 sailing back and forth between England and Amer- 
 ica, bringing new supplies of men and provisions. 
 In the second supply, in September, 1608, came the 
 first English women who dared go to the great west- 
 ern wilderness, a Mrs. Forrest, and her maid, Anne 
 Burroughs, who soon married John Laydon, and 
 Avhose marriage in Jamestown church, in December, 
 1608, was the first English f^hurch wedding in 
 America. 
 
 Many of the settlers were gentlemen quite unac- 
 customed to manual labor, but their Avill was good, 
 and the old records tell us how they cut down trees 
 and made boards, and how the axe blistered their 
 tender fingers, yet how thirty of these gentlemen 
 would do more in a day than a hundred of the less 
 willing "rest." But they did not find, as they had 
 expected, golden pans and kettles in the Indians' 
 wigwams, nor big pearls upon the river shore; and 
 there were attacks by the Indians, and another starv- 
 ing time when famine was warded off by the young 
 Pocahontas, who brought corn and venison, and 
 again saved Captain Smith for the colony. This 
 tiuic tlie gentle Tiiflijiii [jriiieess, with love foi' the
 
 24 SOME MEMORY DAYS 
 
 white men, came "in a dark uight, through the irk- 
 some woods," and warned Captain Smith that the 
 treacherous Indians were planning ah attack, and 
 "bade liim begone." Wlien they wished lier to take 
 as a reward anything that she liked, with tears run- 
 ning down her cheeks she refused everything. At a 
 later day Pocahontas was held in Jamestown as a 
 pledge for Powhatan's good behavior, and there she 
 was converted to Christianity, and baptized, receiv- 
 ing the name of Eebekah, in Jamestown church, 
 in April, 1614, before a great friendly gathering of 
 Avhite men and Indians. Here, also, she married 
 an English husband, John Rolfe, so here are two 
 memory days for us, commemorating the first bap- 
 tism of an Indian in English America, and the first 
 Christian marriage of a white man and an Indian 
 in the territory of the United States. 
 
 The bride, who is said to have been a handsome, 
 dignified young woman, went to England, and was 
 received with much honor as a princess, and called 
 the Lady Eebekah; but the cliild of the forest sick- 
 ened and died in the foreign land, and was buried 
 in the church at Gravesend. She left one son, 
 Thomas Eolfe, who was educated in England, but 
 who, years afterwards, went back to Virginia to be- 
 come the ancestor of many Virginia families, faith- 
 ful to the old Church which led their noble fore- 
 mother from darkness into light. How little Poca- 
 hontas' Indian peoj^le understood of (lod Avho is
 
 OF THE CHURCH IN AMERICA 25 
 
 Spirit, we may see by the mission given by Pow- 
 hatan to Tomocomo, a chief who went in Pocahontas" 
 company to England, and who was commanded to 
 "observe carefully the King and Queen and God," 
 and to report his observations to Powhatan. Poor 
 Tomocomo could never understand why no one 
 among all the surprisingly many people in England 
 would ever take him to God's wigwam and let him 
 look at God. 
 
 In the spring of 1609, twenty houses had been 
 built at Jamestown, a well of pure water dug in the 
 fort, thirty acres of ground planted, and seines set 
 for fishing. Also, Captain Newport had left some 
 swine and fowls, and the squealing of sixty pigs and 
 the peeping of five hundred spring chickens might 
 be heard, when there came a new calamity. Eats 
 from the ships increased rapidly in numbers and 
 devoured the little corn that was left, and the people 
 were again near starvation, keeping themselves alive 
 through the summer by living like the Indians, 
 picking berries, roots, and herbs in the woods, and 
 catching fish and crabs. A terrible winter followed, 
 when many of the colonists died from cold and 
 famine, while the Indians, watching with savage 
 glee, shot at them '^flights of arrows tipped with 
 death." 
 
 Of the five hundred persons at Jamestown in 
 October, only sixty feeble, tottering men, women, and 
 children crept out to meet the Deliverance, when
 
 26 SOALE MEMORY DAYS 
 
 she sailed up the river in May, bringing indeed de- 
 liverance for the time, but enough food for only 
 one month. Then the leaders, with tears in their 
 eyes, decided that Virginia must be abandoned, for 
 what could brave men endure more than they had 
 endured ? 
 
 So June 7, 1610, was a sad day, when it seemed 
 certain that the seed of the Church had been blighted 
 and would never live and thrive in American soil; 
 for then the Jamestown people determined to go 
 back to England, and to the melancholy roll of drums 
 they stripped their cabins of their furnishings, 
 buried their cannon in the earth, and embarking on 
 the pinnaces sailed away down river, leaving the de- 
 serted Jamestown in the sombre silence of the forest. 
 
 But next day, as the boats sped on, "a black 
 speck was seen far below on the broad waters of 
 Hampton Roads, no red-man's canoe, but, Heaven be 
 praised, an English long-boat,'' coming with the glad 
 message that Lord Delaware, the newly-appointed 
 Governor of the colony, was close at hand with three 
 well-stocked ships. Three days later, the people stood 
 once more in Jamestown, drawn up in military array, 
 while Lord Delaware, landing, fell upon his knees 
 and thanked God that he had come in time to save 
 Virginia. 
 
 The new governor devoted himself with zeal and 
 wisdom to strengthening the colony and the Church ; 
 the men were kept ni work: tlie Tndiaus \\-n't driven
 
 OF THE CHURCH IN AMERICA 27 
 
 back; new fortifications were built; the houses were 
 repaired, and the church was made more dignified 
 with a new walnut altar, a tall pulpit, a font, and 
 a full-toned bell, whose clear voice called over the 
 water and through the forest; and, as the governor 
 loved flowers, the church was always decorated with 
 the abundant bright and fragrant blossoms of the 
 fields and woods. The colony, as was needful for 
 the best good of all, was governed strictly ; men were 
 forbidden to stay away from Church services or to 
 speak against the Faith, or fail to honor a clergyman, 
 to take a voyage on Sunday except to church, or fire 
 a gun except for defence against Indians, and every 
 man had to bring to church a gun with plenty of 
 shot. Each colonist was given land to cultivate for 
 his own use; and thrift and order prevailed, while 
 great efforts were made to pacify the Indians. 
 
 By 1634 the colony had spread up the James 
 Kiver as far as Eichmond ; there were plantations on 
 both banks, with stout block-houses and palisades at 
 exposed points. The wooden houses were made with 
 rough-hewn beams, but were roomy and comfortable, 
 and here and there was a handsome mansion. Oxen 
 and cows, sheep and goats, pigs and chickens were 
 innumerable; pigeons cooed and bees hummed over 
 the broad fields now grown with tobacco, wheat, bar- 
 ley, and tasselled Indian corn. The University men 
 of the colony were beginning to send to England 
 for hooks for their homes, and to think how their
 
 28 SOME MEMORY DAYS 
 
 children should l>e educated iu this western world , 
 and, as early as 1621, some of these resolved to found 
 a public free-school to "educate the children and to 
 ground them in the principles of religion." 
 
 This school was designed not only for white 
 youths, but also for missionary work among the In- 
 dians; but the leaders iu the movement were killed 
 in an Indian massacre, and it was not until years 
 later that the College of William and Mary, all but 
 established in 1622, and the oldest after Harvard 
 in the United States, came into being. Thus these 
 men of the English Church, with high aims and in- 
 telligent foresight, put their faith in education as a 
 hope for the future good of tlie land ; nor did tJiey 
 wait for the College of William and Mary before 
 providing by their legislature for the education of 
 the Indians, provision being made for "securing l)y 
 fair means Indian children to be educated in true 
 religion, of whom the most forwardly in wit and 
 graces of nature should bo fitted in an English col- 
 lege, from thence to go to convert their own people." 
 And from time to time, acts were passed for the 
 preservation of the purity of the doctrine and unity 
 of the Church, directing ministers and people to obey 
 the old teaching of the Church of England. 
 
 Jamestown was not- only the first home of the 
 Church in the western wilderness, but there religion 
 and wise government were bound together in sym- 
 )>atby. and in the second-built of the Jamestown
 
 OF THE CHURCH IN AMERICA 2ft 
 
 churches met the first representative legislature of 
 America, called the House of Burgesses. A memory 
 • lay for us of tliis dear country is that day in 1619, 
 a year before the Pilgrims landed, when the first 
 free government on this continent was set up in 
 a cliurcli, the first Congress of America represent- 
 ing one thousand colonists. The settlement, with 
 its palisaded fort, sixty cabins, storehouse and 
 magazine, remained the capital of Virginia until, in 
 1699, it was moved to Williamsburgh. 
 
 But, thougli Jamestown lost its pre-eminence, the 
 final success of the colony impelled other settle- 
 ments in the country, and its triumph in governing 
 solved the problem of our free country with its 
 government by the people. And, meantime, English 
 settlers were rapidly making homes for themselves 
 on the banks of the Virginia rivei's and building 
 clmrches wherever they built homes. In 1639, nine 
 years after the settlement of Boston, the Church 
 was so strong in A^irginia that in Jamestown alone 
 three churches had been l)uilt ; and in closely follow- 
 ing years churches througliout Virginia were fast 
 rising, built of imported bricks, and still standing 
 on the l)anks of creeks, half -concealed by ancient 
 ])ines and sycamores, liouses of worship wherein man 
 has met his PTcavenly Father for more than two hun- 
 dred vears. 
 
 "Across Jamestown fields in later years tramped 
 the armies that brought into being our nation, and
 
 30 SOME JklEMOBY DAYS 
 
 on them are remains of the fortifications built in the 
 later struggle that confirmed the unit}* of the na- 
 tion" which is to-day a great power of the earth, 
 grown from the feeble little colony of 1607. Corn- 
 wallis' last fight was at Jamestown, and American 
 independence was won at Yorktown, nineteen miles 
 from the place where English civilization was first 
 planted in America. 
 
 But to-day Jamestown is gone: partly buried in 
 the earth, and partly eaten away by the ceaseless 
 pounding of the giant hammer of the broad river, 
 which is gnawing away the island at the rate of six 
 feet a year. Scattered over the fertile fields and in 
 the noble groves of pines and oaks, we may find 
 pieces of brick from the foundations of the homes 
 of the pioneers ; beads, striped like gooseberries, with 
 which they traded with the Indians, and fragments 
 of red and white clay pipe stems. We may see the 
 earthen walls of a fort built in 1G81 ; a few lonely 
 gravestones and the ruins of one large house, the 
 Ambler mansion; and if we explore this buried city 
 carefully, we may unearth memorials which l)ring 
 vividly before us the age of Captain Smith and the 
 pioneers — scraps of rusty armor, a bit of a halberd, 
 a spiked ball, silver and copper coins, a pe^vter basin, 
 a glass bottle beautifully iridescent from long burial, 
 or a fragment of stained glass from the church win- 
 dows. And while we gather up our mementoes, there 
 soars above us the best memento of all, and the best
 
 inixs oi- 'iiir; .[.\.Mi:s'r()\\\ (\a.) towi:!;.
 
 OF THE CHURCH IX AMERICA 31 
 
 repreeentative of the old colony to which the Church 
 was the first and dearest love, for not far from the 
 river-bank is still standing the venerable church- 
 tower, the oldest i:)iece of masonry in the land of the 
 American colonies. It is thirty-six feet high, with 
 walls three feet in thickness; and above its always 
 open door and arched windows are loop-holes, made 
 nearly three hundred years ago for the guns of the 
 soldiers who guarded Jamestown and the infant 
 home of our Church from the lurking, threatening 
 Indians. 
 
 Jamestown, that was once on the now deserted 
 island, still is in the warm, living hearts of the 
 American people; and the nation celebrated noble 
 memory days in 1907, because at Jamestown three 
 hundred years ago began her free institutions and 
 government; but the Church kept these memory 
 days also, because the Jamestown settlers were 
 Church people, and then and there ]')lanted the 
 Cliurcii in America.
 
 IV. 
 
 In Maine and New Hampshire. 
 
 In the years Avhen Sir Walter Raleigh and his 
 associates were struggling with zeal and devotion to 
 settle English people and the English Church in the 
 southern part of our land, other Englishmen were 
 taking a northern course across the Atlantic, and 
 were sailing in the fragrant shadows of the spruce 
 trees through the passages among the beautiful 
 wooded islands of Maine, skirting the picturesque, 
 cove-indented rocky coast, and making their way 
 up the deep, broad tide-rivers, always wonderful and 
 charming to those who had known only the small 
 streams of England. Among these early voyagers 
 were Captain Gosnold and Martin Pring, who came, 
 in 1603, in the Speedwell, fitted out by Eichard Hak- 
 luyt and others, and who were greatly pleased with 
 the "high country full of great woods,"' and the fine 
 fishing. 
 
 In 1605, Captain George Weymouth, skirting the 
 Maine coast, "fell in with fair land richly grown 
 with vines, currants, angelica, and divers gums," and 
 caught plenty of fish of "great bigness.'' As he 
 ascended the noble rivers in his pinnace, he carried
 
 OF THE CHURCH IN AMERICA 33 
 
 always crosses to set up as a sign of t\w possession 
 of the country for England and the Church, "a 
 thing never omitted by any Christian travellers" : 
 and in the June days he was delighted with the ver- 
 dant earth and the wide, glassy waters, bordered by 
 prett}' coves and green grass, and melodious with tlie 
 notes of the wild birds. 
 
 Also Captain John Smith, the hero of Jamestown, 
 in one of his adventurous voyages, came to the island 
 Monhegan and to the Isles of Shoals, and sailed up 
 the Kennebec Eiver, trading with the Indians, ex- 
 ploring the shores, and writing a short history of the 
 district. 
 
 In 1607, the year of the Jamestown settlement, 
 the Plymouth Company in England, whose leaders 
 were Lord John Popham, Chief Justice of England, 
 and Sir Ferdinando Gorges, sent out a small com- 
 pany of emigrants who, sailing from Plymouth in 
 the month when Jamestown was founded, landed on 
 August 11th upon an island of the Maine shore, and 
 "immediately assembled to give thanks to Almighty 
 God and to listen to a sermon." This was the first 
 Church service of New England, then taken posses- 
 sion of for the Church and the Faith. The com- 
 manders of this expedition were George Popham, a 
 brother of the Chief Justice, and Raleigh Gilbert, a 
 nephew of Sir Walter Raleigh. After building a fort 
 and some cottages, and sinking a well which still 
 may be seen, together with fragments of English
 
 34 ,SOME MEMORY DAYS 
 
 brick, the colonists found tlie island too small for a 
 settlement and the -water bitter, and so removed to 
 the mainland where they built a new fort and block- 
 house. In December the ships sailed for England, 
 leaving a little company of forty-five men Ijetween a 
 waste of waters and an unbroken wilderness; but the 
 severe cold and the unfriendly Indians were too 
 much for even the splendid courage of these men, 
 and drove them back to England in a vessel of their 
 own handiwork, the first vessel built on this conti- 
 nent, leaving only the traces of their building and 
 the memory of one winter when the children of the 
 Church, first upon the ground in the Xorth as well 
 as in the South, worshipped God in the great wilder- 
 ness, speaking to Him in the words of the English 
 Prayer Book. 
 
 One of the noblemen who for long years strug- 
 gled constantly to make English settlements in the 
 northern part of this country Avas Sir Ferdinando 
 Gorges, who. in 1620, from King James, and again 
 in 1639, from King Charles I., olitained a charter 
 of the Province of Maine, making him the proprietor 
 and governor of a great extent of territory and many 
 islands. In all this province, the government and 
 articles of Faith of the Church of England were 
 established by law; and Americans should justly re- 
 member with deep gratitude Sir Ferdinando Gorges, 
 the devoted Churchman, the man kind to all who, 
 faithful to his king, died, fighting, at the age of
 
 OF THE CHURCH IX AMERICA 35 
 
 seventy-four, end who by God's grace established the 
 old Faith in the northern part of our country. His 
 son, Thomas, came over as deputy-governor and 
 settled at York, where, in 1642, rose a little city 
 called Gorgiana. 
 
 In 1643, another portion of Maine, called Lygo- 
 nia, was purchased by Col. Alexander Rigby, a gen- 
 tleman of education, wealth, infliience, and piety, 
 who became the friend of the poor and of the clergy, 
 and made generous exertions to give religious in- 
 struction to the people of his province, the islanders, 
 and the fishermen. 
 
 Among the pioneer workers of the Church in 
 New England was the Rev. Richard Gibson, who, in 
 1637, settled as the first rector on .Richmond's 
 Island, Maine, where probably also a church was 
 built. In 1640, Mr. Gibson removed to Portsmoutli, 
 to become the first rector of the Church in ISTew 
 Hampshire, at a dark and troubled time when the 
 Church was persecuted in New England and her 
 Sacraments were forbidden by law. So it was that 
 Mr. Gibson was siimmoned before the court as a 
 criminal, because he baptized cliildren on the Isles 
 of Shoals, and for the offence of "being wholly ad- 
 dicted to the discipline of the English Church," and 
 because "he did marry and baptize" he was thrown 
 into prison. 
 
 Mr. Gibson's successor at Richmond's Island was 
 the Rev. Robert Jordan, "a gentleman equal to any
 
 36 SOME MEMORY DAYS 
 
 in Boston, and a divine of the Cluireh of England,"' 
 who came to this country in 1640. He was a man 
 "of great parts," active, enterprising, and "by educa- 
 tion placed above the people about him.'" He was 
 faithful to his calling, and journeyed through the 
 wilderness from place to place, carrying tlie grace 
 and comfort of the Sacraments to the scattered set- 
 tlers, many of whom were Church people. For this, 
 and for baptizing children, he, like Mr. Gibson, was 
 called before the court and imprisoned ; but, when he 
 was freed, he continued to be true to his office, and 
 his descendants have to-day a precious memorial of 
 liis faithfulness in the little silver christening basin 
 which, 250 years ago, held the pure water "sancti- 
 fied to the mystical washing away of the sins" of 
 many children born in the western wilderness, far 
 from the parish churches of their fathers, but still 
 through baptism, in the heart of that dear Church. 
 
 Mr. Jordan's talents and his determination, per- 
 severance, and self-reliance were of great service to 
 the people of Maine in other ways than the minis- 
 trations of the Church; he Avas prominent in busi- 
 ness affairs of the district, and conducted difficult 
 enterprises and administered important trusts in a 
 country largely unsettled and in terror of hostile In- 
 dians, who destroyed his own lionse, from wliicli his 
 family barely escaped. 
 
 This good man's sound judgment and elevatioii 
 above the superstition of tlie age are believed to have
 
 OF THE CHURCH IN AMERICA 37 
 
 saved Maine, at a critical moment, from the witch- 
 craft madness. In the days of the delusion of the 
 Salem witches, a man whose "way was contrary to 
 the Gospel of (^'hrist'" hoarded at the house of Good- 
 man Bayly, near the rector's farm. One day Bayly's 
 wife gravely told her boarder that he must reform or 
 leave her house, and he was very angry; and, as a 
 cow of the rector's chanced to die Just then, and this 
 man knew that Goody Bayly was to go that way 
 on a journey, he declared to ^Ir. Jordan's servant 
 that the cow had been bewitched, and that by burn- 
 ing the carcass the witch would be brought to the 
 place. So they burned the carcass, and lo, up the 
 road came Goody Bayly ! 
 
 Wonder and excitement were great among the 
 people, and poor Goody Bayly was "called up'' for a 
 witch. But the rector interposed, explaining that 
 the cow had died because of the negligence of his 
 servant, who, to cover his own fault, had been ready 
 to attribute the misfortune to witchcraft, and that 
 Goody Bayly's lioarder had known that she was to 
 come that way, and without permission had burned 
 the cow to suit the time of her coming. Tims he 
 unravelled wliat had seemed a great mar\'el, exposed 
 the wicked, delivered the innocent, and by his clear- 
 headed common-sense and justice averted from 
 Maine the infamy and pitiful sufferings of a witch- 
 craft persecutioD, causing that state to stand luiiii- 
 jiuiis in the dark days of the strange delusion which
 
 38 SO.ME .MEMORY DAYS 
 
 shadowed other parts of the young country with 
 dreadful gloom; for in Maine no poor soul was ever 
 again "called up" for witchcraft. 
 
 Captain John Mason, who was associated witli 
 Sir Ferdinando Gorges in the grant of the great 
 Province of Maine, took for his share the part which 
 is now New Hampshire, and sent out a colony which 
 settled, probahly, in May, 1623, near the mouth of 
 the Piscataqua River. When the colonists in their 
 high-sterned ship sailed on the bright May morning 
 into the wide river, with islands green to the water's 
 edge "like emerald bubbles floating on the sea,'" and 
 stately pines and oaks and flowering shrubs, and 
 the wild birds singing welcome, and the tmiid deer 
 looking out from their covert, all seemed new and 
 wonderful and grand, and they were glad to find 
 such a peaceful haven after the fogs and storms of 
 the voyage. It is said that they met the Indians in 
 council, and, in exchange for beads, knives, and fish- 
 hooks, obtained their good-will and permission to 
 take all the land that they could use. The beautiful 
 country seemed like an old-world land to these set- 
 tlers, who, moreover, found abundance of food in tlie 
 cod from the ocean, salmon and trout from the 
 brooks, clams from the shore, and game from the 
 forest. The men were self-reliant and law-abiding 
 and able to found and govern a state for themselves 
 and their children. Captain Mason sent out skilled 
 mechanics to bis colonv at Dover and Strawberrv
 
 OF THE CHURCH IN AMERICA 39 
 
 Bank (now Portsmouth) and built there a large 
 fortified house and the first saw-mill and corn-mill 
 in New England. 
 
 Moreover, manv of these New Hampshire colon- 
 ists were Churchmen, and early made provision for 
 the establishment of the Church at Strawberry Bank, 
 where, in 1640, a glebe of fifty acres was deeded to 
 the Church wardens; and in the royal charter of 
 New Hami^shire is the clause : "Our will and pleas- 
 ure is that the religion of the Church of England 
 shall be ever preferred and established with as much 
 convenient speed as may be." 
 
 So the Church of our fathers was first in the 
 field in New Hampshire as well as in Maine, and 
 one of our memory days is the lovely May day of 
 1623, when Captain Mason's English colonists sailed 
 up the Piscataqua River, to plant the precious seed 
 of the Church in this part of America, and built on 
 the site of Portsmouth a "chapel and a parsonage- 
 house as a free and voluntary act." 
 
 But after the Eev. Eicluird CTi])son, tlie first New 
 Hampshire rector, left Strawberry Bank, and after 
 the Rev. Robert Jordan, who in 1679 was living in 
 Great Island, the only priest in all New England, 
 died, we do not know much about the Church there, 
 until 1732, when, under the auspices of the English 
 Missionary Society for Propagating the Gospel in 
 Foreign Parts, and with the help of two generous 
 EiTjlislimcn. was l)iiilt in PovtsuK)nth and named in
 
 40 SOME MEMORY DAYS 
 
 honor of Queen Caroline, old 8t. John's Church, 
 Portsmouth, which stood on the hill by the river on 
 the site of Queen's Chapel. Queen Caroline gave 
 the infant church a Bible, a Prayer Book, "printed 
 on the best of vellum," and the silver Communion 
 service, which is used in St. John's to this da}'. 
 
 The first rector of Queen's Chapel was the Rev. 
 Arthur Browne, a man of "real culture, unpreten- 
 tious goodness, and eminent worth," of whom Long- 
 fellow sings as marrying Governor Wentworth and 
 his maid, Martha Hilton : 
 
 "But I must mention one, in bands and gown. 
 The rector there, the Reverend Arthur Browne, 
 Of the Established Church; with smiling face 
 He sat beside the governor and said grace." 
 
 The present St. John's Church was built just a 
 hundred years ago, after "the holy and beautiful 
 house built by the fathers" had been destroyed by 
 fire. Within its old brick walls are many interest- 
 ing articles to remind us of the church in other days. 
 The bell, ringing Christmas peals from the belfry, 
 was brought by Sir William Pepperell from Louis- 
 burg, and recast by Paul Revere ; upon its metal are 
 engraved these words: 
 
 "From Saint John's steeple 
 T call the people 
 On holy days 
 To prayer and praise." 
 
 A carved chair given by Queen Caroline, and oc- 
 cupied at one >!ervice by General Washington, stands
 
 OF THE CHURCH IN AMERICA 41 
 
 in the cliancel; the thin, sweet notes of the old Brat- 
 tle organ may still be heard — the organ brought 
 from England in 1713, and said to be the "first 
 organ that ever pealed to the glory of God in this 
 country." Queen Caroline's Bible and Prayer Book 
 lie in glass-covered cases, and the Bible on the read- 
 ing-desk was a gift from the grandson of the Eev. 
 Arthur Browne; while in the chancel stands the 
 strange font of dark porphyritic marble, brought in 
 1758 from Africa, and upon this, beneath a fair 
 M'liite cloth, are placed each Sunday twelve loaves of 
 bread, the weekly dole given out to the poor all these 
 hundred years. So old St. John's stands on its hill 
 by the swirling river, binding new times to old, and 
 calling us to remember that nearly three hundred 
 years ago the English settlers at Strawberry Bank 
 planted there, with the foundations of a state, the 
 seed of the Churcli to bless their children's children.
 
 V. 
 
 In Massachusetts. 
 
 In very early clays there were Churchmen in 
 Massachusetts also. John ]\rorton came from Eng- 
 land in 1623, bringing thirty servants, with furni- 
 ture of all kinds, and cattle, and settled at Merry- 
 mount, near Boston. Bluff and merry, but generous, 
 devout^ and true to the old Faith, he lived the life 
 of an English squire, and read daily prayers and the 
 Sunday service before his large household, who cele- 
 brated the Church festivals and feasted at Christmas 
 on abundant roasts of venison and mince pies. 
 
 In Salem, whose stern people had turned from 
 the Faith of their fathers and even had forbidden the 
 use of the Prayei- Book, two brave brothers, Bro^AOie 
 by name, and called "men much respected," refvised 
 to forsake the Church, and in their humble cabins 
 with their families read daily prayers, and gathered 
 a company of their neighbors to join with them in 
 the dear, familiar worship of the Book of Common 
 Prayer. 
 
 In these same days where now is Boston a Church 
 clergAnnan, the Eev. William Blaxton, "a man of very
 
 OF THE CHURCH IN AMERICA 43 
 
 loving and courteous religion," was quietly living on 
 a broad farm surrounded by pleasant apple orchards, 
 and having for neighbors Thomas Walford and Sam- 
 uel Maverick, also Churchmen, and known through 
 the then wild country as always kind to strangers. ■ 
 
 But on a memory day in May, 1686, the first 
 rector for Massachusetts, the Eev. Mr. Ratcliffe, an 
 Oxford graduate, sailed into Boston harbor on the 
 frigate Rose, and on the following Sunday, May 16th, 
 read service and preached in the Town House, to 
 the joy of many of the Boston people who had been 
 long without the services of the loved Church of their 
 birth, and who now, on June 15th, formed the first 
 Boston parish, for which soon was built the first 
 Boston church, "established for the sole purpose of 
 the worship of God." This was the modest firsi 
 building of King's Chapel, which was a missionary 
 enterprise, and in which the first service was held on 
 June 30th, 1689. 
 
 The founders of the Church in New England, like 
 those in Virginia, earnestly wished to do missionary 
 work among the Indians, and one of the King's 
 Chapel clergy begged for an assistant to stay in Bos- 
 ton while he, "having learned the Indian language, 
 went out among these unhappy people, to try to do 
 their poor souls good." 
 
 In 1710, King's Chapel was enlarged, and to it 
 came gifts of furnishings, books, and , Communion 
 silver from the English sovereigns, from William and
 
 44 SOME MEMORY DAYS 
 
 Mary to George III. Its organ is said to liave l)eeii 
 selected by the great musician Handel, and the bill 
 of lading states that it was "shipped by the grace oJ' 
 God in good order." King's Chapel was the only 
 place in Boston where tlie forms of the English 
 Church could be seen, and the same noble anthems 
 heard which resounded through the cathedrals of the 
 Mother country. The uniforms of the little Boston 
 court brightened the doorways, and the escutclieons 
 of the royal governors hung against the pillars of 
 the splendid canopied pew in which sat three of the 
 ro)^al governors of Massachusetts; and at Christmas- 
 time the walls were garlanded with evergreen, and 
 joyous hymns for the first time broke upon the silence 
 of the day in New England. 
 
 In Christmas week of 1)23, the first service was 
 held in the second Boston church, Christ Church. 
 This church, still standing, but little changed, was 
 considered a grand building in its day, with its two- 
 and-a-half-feet-thick walls and soaring steeple. 
 Within are balconies supported by pillars and arches, 
 deep \\'indow-seats and lofty windows, each contain- 
 ing seventy-five tiny panes of ancient, greenish-white 
 glass. The chancel wall is adorned -wdth tablets on 
 which are traced in golden letters the Creed, the 
 Lord's Prayer, and Scripture passages on which many 
 looked and found comfort in the trying times of the 
 old colonial days. Four curious wooden images blow- 
 ing vigorously on long pipes adorn the organ-loft,
 
 OF THE CHURCH IN AMERICA. 45 
 
 ;ind the worn silver tankards and chalices of the Com- 
 munion service bear inscriptions to the effect that 
 they are the "gift of King George II. of England to 
 his faithful subjects.*' The old hour-glass puli)it is 
 gone, but the oldest chime of bells in this country 
 still rings in wonderfully SM'eet tones on Sundays and 
 at Christmas, when thousands of persons listen with 
 delight to hear the silvery bells calling joyously, as 
 they have done since Boston was a little English 
 colonial town in 1744, "0 come, all ye faithful, come, 
 let us adore Him." 
 
 The iirst rector of Christ Church congregation, 
 which was called "very devout and conscientious," 
 was the Rev. Timothy Cutler, a Harvard graduate, 
 afterward President of Yale College, and a man of 
 "profound learning and dignity." About the year 
 1710, when Mr. Cutler was a youth, and far away 
 from the Church, a Prayer Book was given him by a 
 Ml". Smithson, whose name should be among our hon- 
 ored memory names because of this one kind mission- 
 ary deed which led to great results : for young Tim- 
 othy Cutler read his Prayer Book to good pur])ose, 
 learning to love it and the Church to which it be- 
 longed, and he gathered a group of men wlio, for 
 some years, quietly studied, seeking the truth, and 
 finding it at last in the C'hurch of all Christian ages, 
 rt was a wonderful day for tliis good man when, after 
 learning to love the Church whose outward form he 
 had never seen, ho canio to his first service. In his
 
 46 SOME MEMORY DAYS 
 
 diary for that clay is this entry: "I first went to 
 Church. How amiable are Thy tabernacles, Lord 
 God of hosts!" And of his first Communion, he 
 wrote: "How devout, grand, and venerable every part 
 of the service is, as becoming so awful a mystery." 
 
 Cutler and two of his friends went to England 
 for ordination, and on one of our memory days, 
 Passion Sunday, 1723, in the Church of St. Martin's- 
 in-the-Field, London, were advanced to the priesthood. 
 Then they returned to America, Mr. Johnson to go 
 to Stratford, Conn., for a long career of service and 
 influence, and then to be President of King's College, 
 Kew York, now Columbia University; while Dr. Cut- 
 ler was called to the new Christ Church in Boston. 
 
 These men were the first of the earnest, native- 
 born American clergy who in a few years taught Nev\' 
 England the nature of the Church, into which they 
 drew large numbers of sober-minded, thoughtful, and 
 devout people. 
 
 The third Boston parish was Trinity, founded in 
 1728, and ministered to first by one of the King's 
 Chapel clergy and later by Dr. Samuel Parker, in 
 whose long, faithful pastorate came the Eevolution, 
 with its "days that tried men's souls," and especially 
 Churchmen's souls, who were distracted between their 
 duty to their king and to their country. In the begin- 
 ning of the war. Dr. Parker called together his people, 
 and explaining how he would no longer be permitted 
 to use the prayers for the king, secured their consent
 
 OF THE CHURCH IX AMERICA 47 
 
 to omitting these for the sake of the Church, which 
 thus continued in existence through the struggle, and 
 gave to all the Church people of Boston a home, 
 strength, and comfort in Trinit}^ Church. 
 
 Among other old ]\Ias3achusetts churches in which 
 Churchmen still worship God. are Christ Church, 
 Cambridge, built in 1711: St. Paul's, TSTewburyport, 
 and St. Michael's, Marblehead, built in 1714, and 
 ministered to at first by the chaplains of English 
 frigates which touched at Marblehead on their way 
 to Boston.
 
 VI. 
 
 Other Beginnings. 
 
 By 1699 the Church people of Ehode Island had 
 begun to hold public worship, and, being poor and 
 scattered, they petitioned the English government to 
 aid them, saying that, ''though they were disposed to 
 do all they could toward supporting a pious minister, 
 they were not in a capacity to contribute as much 
 as was requisite." This petition to the King and 
 Bishop of London bad two memorable results: the 
 building of Trinity Church, in Newport, and the im- 
 pulse it gave to the originating of the venerable mis- 
 sionary society called the Society for Propagating tlie 
 Gospel in Foreign Parts, known as tbe S. P. G. The 
 first Trinity Church was built in 1T02; and in IT'iti 
 was built the present venerable house of worsliip, al- 
 most unchanged from its first days, with its spacious 
 square pews furnished like sitting-rooms, its lofty pul- 
 pit, old-time sounding-board, and clerk's pew, higb 
 galleries, and even the royal crown of colonial days 
 still glittering on the steeple. In the soaring pulpit 
 Dean Berkeley often preached, and in Trinity church- 
 yard was buried his little daughter, who died in 
 America.
 
 OF THE CHURCH IN AMERICA 49 
 
 In 170(i was built the Narragansett church at 
 East Greenwich, now the oldest church building in 
 New England. And in these long-ago times Church 
 services were begun at St. John's Mission, Providence, 
 under the pastorate of the Rev. Mr. Checkle}^ once 
 of Boston, who, after long years of brave service as 
 a layman, was ordained in the year 1739, at the age 
 of sixty, and "greatly desired and received with joy" 
 at Providence, where lie labored faithfully for four- 
 teen years, for Indians and negroes as well as for the 
 white people of his parish. 
 
 In the closing years of the seventeenth century, 
 among certain good men in England, lived one.JDx- 
 Bray, whose name should be among our honored 
 memory names. He was the hardworking rector of 
 a parish in the heart of England ; studying the needs 
 of the people, and grieving at the ignorance of the 
 clergy of the time, he interested his Bishop and some 
 others of wealth and generosity in founding the So- 
 ciety for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge, the 
 first purpose of which was to furnish religious li- 
 braries for clergy and people, and beside, to provide 
 libraries for the Church in the colonies. In 1695 Dr. 
 Bray was sent by the Bishop of I^ondon (who was, 
 in a way, Bishop of all the English colonies in Amer- 
 ica) to examine the condition of the Church in 
 America. After five years of faithful toil, Di-. Bray 
 returned to England to report the pressing needs of 
 the American Church, and. with his heart full of
 
 50 SOME MEMORY DAYS 
 
 love for America, to write and circulate pamphlets 
 and letters, to appeal to Parliament and the Bishops, 
 to engage the warm interest of the Queen, and finally 
 to rouse the good people of England to the organiza- 
 tion of the first missionary society of the English 
 Church, The S. P. Ci., formed by one hundred of tlk^ 
 noblest men in the land, including the Archl)ishop 
 of Canterbury. The popularity of the new society 
 was great, and splendid gifts of money, books, 
 landed estates, and even whole townships came pour- 
 ing in. All Bishops were asked to choose fit persons 
 for colonial missionaries, men of prudence, learning, 
 zeal, and loyalty to the Church, men who would be 
 examples of piety and virtue on the ships which 
 should take them, and who would endeavor to induce 
 the ships' captains to have daily prayers, men fre- 
 quent in private prayer, familiar with the Bible and 
 Prayer Book, and ready to preach against vice, teach 
 the nature and need of the Sacraments, visit their peo- 
 ple, and "bear themselves as gentlemen and as Chris- 
 tians." These men, as a rule, made a great impres- 
 sion by their high character and faithful Churchman- 
 ship, and greatly raised the zeal and spirit of the 
 American Churcli. The first of these missionaries 
 were George Keith, once a Quaker, and John Talbot, 
 who went from place to place, and probably held the 
 first Church service of Connecticut in Xew London, 
 on September 13, 1702, and soon gathered together in 
 Philadelphia hundreds for the Church and "to build
 
 OF THE CHURCH IX AMERICA 51 
 
 houses for her worship." Then more missionaries 
 were sent^, whose letters, written from seaboard cities, 
 l)ackwoods, and Indian encampments, gave a vivid 
 picture of life in our Church in America during the 
 seventy 3'ears' when such a nol)le work was done for it 
 by the venerable society and its faithful missionaries. 
 In 1729, a noble and good friend of America, one 
 of the first to discern the future greatness of this 
 Western world, Dean Berkeley, came to N'ewport with 
 a plan to establish a Church college on the two foun- 
 dations of religion and learning. Learned men of va- 
 rious religious views went to see him and came away 
 impressed in favor of the Church that produced and 
 held such a man. "They went to see a philosopher 
 and found a Churchman." Dean Berkeley was not 
 able to carry out his plan, but, nevertheless, he accom- 
 plished much for the Church which he loved and 
 served ; for he left his library of 1 ,000 books to Yale 
 College, and his farm to found a scholarship in the 
 same college, and from this came a constant stream 
 of earnest men who, influenced by the spirit of their 
 benefactor and his Church and books, have moulded 
 the lives of many seekers after truth. Dean Berke- 
 ley's wise counsel also fixed the union of religion and 
 learning in the University of Pennsylvania and Col- 
 umbia University, and thus the good man's wisdom 
 and love for the Church have left a deep impi-ession 
 not on one small college, but on three great univer- 
 sities.
 
 52 SOME MEMORY DAYS 
 
 The Dutch who settled on Manhattan Island were 
 not Churclimcn, but,, when in 1664 the fleet of the 
 Duke of York dropped anchor in the hay, bringing 
 the English flag, it brought also the English Church, 
 and the chaplain at once began to read pra3^ers in the 
 little log chapel of Fort James. By 1690 the Church 
 in N"ew York was growing fast and winning many of 
 the younger Dutch people who had become young 
 Americans and had learned to love the English 
 tongue and the English Church; and, in 1697, these 
 joined in organizing Trinity parish and building its 
 first church, which is described as standing pleasantly 
 on the banks of the Hudson, with a churchyard, as 
 now, on either side, and in front, "a painted paled 
 fence." 
 
 In N"ew Jersey the Eev. George Keith did nol)le 
 service for the Church, holding his first service as 
 mission priest at Araboy. Another brave missionary 
 to New Jersey was the Eev. Thomas Thompson, a 
 fellow of Christ Church, Cambridge, who, ''fired with 
 pure zeal for the work of God," left his high position 
 in England to labor for years in America, and then to 
 leave his post there to become, in 1751, the first mis- 
 sionary of the Church to Africa. 
 
 While Trinity and other parishes in Xew York 
 were fast growing, the Philadelphia people were be- 
 ginning to hold Church services in a wooden shed, 
 with a bell swung from a neighboring tree. Here, in
 
 OF THE CHURCH IN AMERICA 53 
 
 1700, Christ Church was organized, and its brick 
 church built; and, in a short time, hundreds of the 
 people were baptized into the Church, which grew 
 rapidly in Philadelphia, greatly helped by the earnest 
 labors of the Rev. George Keith, who, going from 
 Philadelphia to England, had returned to liis old 
 home as one of the first missionaries of the S. P. CI. 
 In the year 1700. in the territory which is now 
 the United States, there were not quite sixty clergy- 
 men, and these were scattered, from Portsmouth, 
 N"ew Hampshire, to Charleston, South Carolina ; 
 there were a few substantial brick churches, but in 
 country places were small log chapels to which the 
 people came on foot, in canoes, and on horseback, 
 from twenty, thirty, and forty miles away. Prayer 
 Books were scarce and costly, and few of the smaller 
 ones found their way to the colonies, so the clerk had 
 to make all the responses, except tliose the people 
 knew by heart. It was a day of small thiugs; still 
 many souls in English America were finding shelter 
 and joy beneath the spreading branches of the tree 
 which had already grown from the precious seed 
 brought by the first settlers across the Atlantic, and 
 planted by the broad river of Virginia and on tlie 
 rock-bound coast of Maine.
 
 VII. 
 
 In the South. 
 
 We have seen how, among the spring flowers of 
 Virginia and in the northern "land of the pointed 
 firs/' the first settlers worshipped God with the 
 prayers and Sacraments of the Church of England, 
 and how the Church was planted all the way from 
 the Kennebec river in Maine to the James in Vir- 
 ginia. The settlement of this colony was rapid 
 after the self-sacrificing people of Jamestown had ob- 
 tained a foothold; and a pamphlet printed in 16-19," 
 called A Perfect Description of Virginia, tells us that 
 there were fifteen thousand English settled there, 
 owning twenty thousand oxen, bulls and calves, and 
 thousands of sheep, goats, and cows, with swine and 
 poultry innumerable. In the woods were deer and 
 many kinds of game, including "rackoons as good 
 meat as lambs," and wild turkeys weighing- sixty 
 pounds, beside many sweet song-birds, "most rare- 
 colored parraketos and mock-birds which miitate all 
 other birds' cries, yea, even owls and nightingales." 
 There were fifteen kinds of wild fruit, "rivalling the 
 fruits of Italv." In less than a liundred vears after
 
 OF THE CHURCH IN AMERICA 55 
 
 the starving time at JamestoM-n, the farmers luid 
 hundreds of acres of wheat, barlej-, and Virginia corn, 
 "which made good bread and furmity" (porridge), 
 and in their gardens grew potatoes, turnips, carrots, 
 parsnips, onions, articholces, asparagus, beans, and 
 peas, with herbs and "ph3^sic flowers," flourishing 
 greatly in the rich soil, watered with fine springs and 
 "wholesome waters." 
 
 Some settlers sowed hemp and flax, which were 
 spun at home, and they kept weavers and shoe- 
 makers, "living bravely" on their great plantations of 
 thousands of acres, made up of vast cultivated fields 
 and woodlands with noble forest-trees. The rude log- 
 cabins of the slaves made a hamlet near which were 
 great barns and granaries, stables, cattle-pens, hen- 
 coops, dove-cotes, malt houses, dairy, brick-ovens for 
 curing ham and bacon, and sometimes a country 
 store. In the garden grew all the English vegetables, 
 besides "roots, herbs, vine-fruits, and salad flowers" 
 peculiar to Virginia; in a fine orchard grew fruit in 
 great variety, and near the Great House were flowei-- 
 beds gay with color and vine-clad arbors. From the 
 porch you could look down at the blue river, with pin- 
 naces moored at the landing, and canoes darting over 
 the water. Inside the house the rooms were clustered 
 about the great hall, with its long dining-table, 
 flanked l)y benches and covered with brown holland 
 linen, s;t't with ])ewtcv iiiiigs niid platters. Upon the
 
 5G SOME MEMORY DAYS 
 
 ^v•all hung family portraits, and about the room were 
 spinning-wheels, great linen-chests, guns, swords, 
 powder-horns, saddles, and riding-whips, in cosy con- 
 fusion. Huge logs of oak and hickory burned in tlie 
 fireplace, and at night the room was lighted by flick- 
 ering candles made of beef-tallow, deer-suet, or the 
 Avax of myrtle berries which ))urned with pleasant 
 fragrance. In some of the homes were libraries, 
 sometimes small, but sometimes large and valuable. 
 
 There were some free schools founded by benevo- 
 lent men, of which the Symms School, dating from 
 1636, seems the earliest recorded; after IGfG the Vir- 
 ginians were compelled by la^', in a measure, to fur- 
 nish primary education. Nor was the spiritual wel- 
 fare of the people neglected, lor there were some 
 twenty churches with ''doctrine and orders of the 
 Church of England, and ministers" livings toward 
 which each planter paid his share, for in Virginia all 
 lived in peace and love." The great planters were 
 often justices of the peace, burgesses, and vestrymen : 
 and on Sundays, they with their families went faitli- 
 fully to their parish churches, often starting \ery 
 early in the morning ujjon the long journey, by boat 
 on the tide-rivers, or on horseback upon the bridle- 
 path through the deep, shadowy forests. 
 
 We remember that in Xorth Carolina the Church 
 was first in the field, when Raleigh's colony lived for 
 a time on Roanoke Island, where the first American-
 
 OF THE CHURCH IN AMERICA 57 
 
 English baby was received by Baptism into the 
 Household of God. But after this colony was lost 
 North Carolina remained for many years a frontier 
 to all the English settlements, a wild border-land 
 where English, Spanish, and Indians met each other 
 in war. Its settlers lived lonely lives, scattered about 
 among the pine forests; yet to them also came, in 
 1703, a missionary of the Church of England. 
 
 In 1607, King Charles II., who is remembered 
 in the name Carolina, granted the territory of these 
 states to eight lords who had done him great services. 
 Among these was Anthony Ashley Cooper, Earl of 
 Shaftesbury, in whose family one of the greatest men 
 of England, John Locke, lived as "physician, private 
 tutor, adviser, and guardian angel." He once saved 
 Shaftesbury's life by skilful surgery; he taught the 
 boy Greek, and "being so good a judge of men was 
 believed to be also a judge of women," and was en- 
 trusted with the choosing of a wife for his charge, for 
 whom he made the good selection of Lady Dorothy 
 Manners of Haddon Hall. 
 
 In this same summer, while the philosopher was 
 thus engaged, he was also drawing up a constitution 
 for the new colony, Carolina, which was thus closely 
 connected in its beginnings with Englishmen of noble 
 family and noble minds. 
 
 Already, on April 19th in 1660, which was also 
 Maundy Thursday, a company of English, acconi-
 
 58 SOME MEMORY DAYS 
 
 panied by their chaplain, had landed in South Caro- 
 lina; and there is little doulit but that the solemn 
 services of Good Friday and the joyous celebration of 
 the Easter Festival marked the occupancy of that 
 state by the English. 
 
 In 1670 Governor Sayle, with the lirst perma- 
 nent colonists, began building a village near the junc- 
 tion of the Ashley and Cooper Elvers. This was 
 soon afterward removed to the site of Charleston, into 
 Avhich it grew. The first church, made of black cy- 
 press, was built in 1681 upon land given by Originall 
 Jackson and his wife Melicent, who made the gift, 
 "being excited with a pious zeal for the propagation 
 of the true Christianity which they professed"; and 
 they desired that "in this church divine service 
 should be established to be solemnly performed by 
 Atkin Williamson, cleric, and his heirs and assigns 
 forever." In 1710 this old St. Philip's church be- 
 came too small for the congregation, who built the 
 new brick St. Philip's, which is still standing, a cher- 
 ished memorial of colonial days. In 1751 was built 
 St. Michael's, which also to-day is one of Charleston's 
 beautiful and honored memorials. 
 
 The successor of St. Philip's first rector was the 
 Eev. Mr. Marshall, one of the many self-sacrificing 
 missionaries who left honorable positions in the old 
 home for the sake of the struggling young Church in 
 America. Like many of the early clergy of South
 
 OF THE CHURCH IN AMERICA 59 
 
 Carolina, he was a man of fine education and high 
 character, and his unusual ability, pure spirit, and 
 faithful ministry won the support of the Charleston 
 people and built up the Church on sure foundations. 
 
 The missionaries to South Carolina were sent out 
 by the S. P. G., not only to the white population, but 
 also to convert the Indians and instruct the slaves, 
 and they were faithful in this work, toiling sometimes 
 for years to prepare these poor people for baptism, 
 and afterward watching over them with loving care. 
 One missionary, the Rev. Dr. Le Jau, was especially 
 devoted to this work, and wrote to England of these 
 people : "The Indians, our neighbors, come to see me 
 and I admire their sense of justice and their patience ; 
 and when we converse with them in language they 
 can understand, we see that their souls are fit material 
 which can be polished." With a feeble frame and 
 suffering with a painful disease, Dr. Le Jau toiled on, 
 faithfully visiting his own flock as well as his "In- 
 dian neighbors," taking great care to go to the sick, 
 "though not sent for," and struggling to lift up the 
 colored slaves of the colony. 
 
 There was strong interest in public education in 
 South Carolina, and a number of free schools were 
 established, the first one of which was built in 1711 
 or in 1712, by the S. P. G., for the benefit of the 
 youth of Charleston. They were there taught not 
 only the "Three R's," but also the "learned Ian-
 
 60 SOME MEMORY DAYS 
 
 guages," i.e., Latiu and Greek, and there they were to 
 be instructed in the prinqiples of the Church of Eng- 
 land. 
 
 1715 the Yamassee Indians rose against the white 
 settlers, and the country missionaries were obliged to 
 flee to Charleston, leaving all that they had to the 
 pitiless foe. So did the missionaries to our very own 
 land suffer, as our missionaries to other lands Imve 
 suffered in our day. 
 
 In 1720 the new royal Governor of South Caro- 
 lina received from the king instructions to "take es- 
 pecial care" that God Almighty be devoutly served 
 throughout the colony; that the book of Common 
 Prayer be read each Sunday and Holy Day, and the 
 Blessed Sacrament administered. "The Governor 
 was also required to see that the one hundred and 
 thirty-one churches were orderly kept," and the min- 
 isters given a "competent maintenance and a con- 
 venient house and glebe; that schoolmasters should 
 be provided, and that vice should be punished and 
 good living encouraged." All this was ordered nearly 
 two hundred years ago, under the guidance and pro- 
 tection of the Church in South Carolina. 
 
 Georgia was the last settled of the thirteen orig- 
 inal colonies, and, while English settlements were 
 growing rapidly in America, Georgia was still a fron- 
 tier wilderness of woods and swamps, teeming with 
 alligators and other reptiles. Much of the credit of
 
 OF THE CHrRCH TN AMERICA fil 
 
 taming tliie great wilderness and opening the state to 
 settlers is due to tJie Taliaut General James Ogle- 
 thorpe, who arrived on the shore in Januar}', 1733, 
 and purchased from the Indians a large tract of land 
 upon a high bluff which afterward became the city 
 of Savannah. General Oglethorpe, with his gallant 
 Highland regiment, protected the country, until, in 
 1748, the Spanish were defeated and the frontier be- 
 came quiet. 
 
 The principal object in settling Georgia was the 
 providing an asylum for the unfortunate but honest 
 debtors who for no fault but poverty were suffering 
 in the wretched English jails, a place where, in a 
 genial climate, these poor people might earn their 
 daily bread by labor. The movement won its success 
 largely by the support of the clergy and the Church 
 in the motherland. ''Xot for themselves, but for 
 others," Avas the motto of the leaders in this noble 
 work. The charter of the crown lands granted by 
 King George II., in 1733, was to trustees who were 
 mainly Churchmen, and who decreed for the colonists 
 liberty of conscience, and with rare self-denial de- 
 clared that they themselves would receive "no grant 
 by land or salary or fee or p/ofit of any kind from 
 the undertaking"; and this act was an net of faith 
 and charity of the Churcli of England. 
 
 About one hundred and twenty-five colonists, 
 known as "sober, industrious and moral persons,"
 
 62 SOME MEMORY DAYS 
 
 were gathered together in England, as the first body 
 of Georgia settlers. On one of our Memory days, 
 Xovember 12th, the Twenty-third Sunday after Trin- 
 ity, in 1732, these colonists met at the church in 
 Milton for a solemn farewell service and for the bless- 
 ing of the Holy Communion, praying "God, their 
 refuge and strength, to hear them, and to grant that 
 what they asked faithfully, they might obtain effec- 
 tually." Never would they join again in the prayers 
 of the Church in the old home, yet the Church was 
 to go with them to the new home beyond the ocean, 
 for with them went a chaplain, the Rev. Henry Her- 
 bert, who, without fee or reward, gave his life to these 
 poor people in the spirit of the Master whom he 
 served. 
 
 The colony landed on a pine-covered bluff near 
 the mouth of the Savannah Eiver, in January, 1733, 
 and made the next Sunday, Sexagesima, a day of 
 thanksgiving for their safe voyage across the winter 
 seas in their little ship, the Annie, which brought 
 with the colonists a precious freight of Bibles, Prayer 
 Books, Catecliisms, books of devotion, and a religious 
 library. Thus the settlement of Georgia began guided 
 and blessed by the teaching and the prayers of the 
 Church. The first chaplain, Dr. Herbert, after only 
 three months of service in the colony, was succeeded 
 by the Eev. John Wesley, then an enthusiastic young 
 clergyman of^the Church of England, avIio gave up
 
 OF THE CHURCH IX AMERICA G3 
 
 brilliant opportunities at home to engage in hard and 
 self-sacrificing missionary work among the poor peo- 
 ple in the Georgia wilderness. Thus, in about a cen- 
 tury and a quarter from the May day A^-hen the first 
 Church service was read beneath the trees of the 
 .Tamestown forest, the precious seed of thi; Church of 
 England, brought by the A'irginia settlei-s; had taken 
 root in the thirteen English culonies of America.
 
 VIII. 
 
 A Group of Early Missionaries. 
 
 We have seen how, in the very first years of the 
 settlement of America, there were English clergymen 
 who rejoiced to give up all for the cause of Christ in 
 the New World, where they ministered both to the 
 settlers and to the Indians: Master Wolf all in the 
 snow and ice of the far North; the priest who, at 
 Eoanoke Island, baptized the Indian chief Mateo and 
 baby Virginia Dare; the devoted Richard Seymour, 
 of Popham's Maine colony; the saintly Robert Hunt 
 of Jamestown ; Whittaker of Virginia, and the perse- 
 cuted Richard Gibson and Robert Jordan of the 
 Maine coast. 
 
 The first missionary to Maryland was, probably, 
 the Rev. Richard James, who, zealous for the exten- 
 sion of the Church, came in 1629 to Kent Island near 
 the present city of Annapolis. In 1650, the Rev. 
 William Wilkinson, with his family and servants, 
 settled in a forest glade of the Patuxent, and there 
 won for himself and for the Church the regard of the 
 pioneers, "gaining by his integrity the care of the 
 orphan, and making his home a refuge for the sick
 
 OF THE CHURCH TX AMERICA 05 
 
 and dying," while he went about doing good to the 
 lonely, scattered people in the wilderness. 
 
 In 1696 the Eev. Hugh Jones, ''a faithful, 
 learned, and devoted man," came to Maryland. He 
 left to become a professor in the College of William 
 and Mary, doing for sixty-five years a double service 
 for the Church in the new land, adding to pastoral 
 duties the instruction of the young, and gaining the 
 name of being a "man of earnest piety, sound learn- 
 ing, and devotion." 
 
 The Rev. George Eoss, sent out by the S. P. G. 
 in 1705, went on a famous missionary journey with 
 the governor of Pennsylvania, and in one week's time 
 he baptized more than a hundred persons. His son, 
 another George Ross, was a devoted patriot and a 
 signer of the Declaration of Independence. 
 
 The Rev. Jacob Henderson was a missionary in 
 Delaware and Maryland, and l^iilt a chapel on his 
 pwn farm. 
 
 To South Carolina came the Rev. Gideon John- 
 stone, rector of St. Philip's, Charleston, and the Rev. 
 William Gay, missionary to the great St. Helen's 
 parish, which included the territory of the Yamassee 
 Indians. Having no church building, he went about 
 untiringly, conducting divine service and administer- 
 ing the Sacraments in the lonely homes of the plant- 
 ers, barely escaping with his life in a terrible Indian 
 massacre. He spent his later years as rector of St. An-
 
 66 SOME ME:M0RY DAYS 
 
 drew's, thirteen miles from Chaiiestou, where he 
 gathered throngs of worshippers into the Church. 
 
 The Eev. James Honevman, missionary of the 
 S. P. G., during forty-five years worked devotedly for 
 the Church at Newport, E. I., making also many 
 missionar}' tours in the country settlements, which he 
 longed to have "beautiful nurseries of the Church." 
 He was an "excellent scholar, an accomplished gentle- 
 man, sound and strong in the faith, yet holding in 
 love all followers of Christ." A prominent Ehode 
 Island missionary was the Eev. Eobert McSparran, 
 who, after being ordained by the Archbishop of Can- 
 terbur}' in 1720, went to the mission field of Bristol 
 and the surrounding towns in Ebode Island, where he 
 soon gathered three hundred persons into the Church. 
 He worked, meantime, in Connecticut also, where his 
 influence won for that state her first missionary, the 
 Eev. Samuel Seabury, father of the first Bishop of 
 Connecticut. A book written by Dr. McSparran 
 gives us some notion of the hardships of life in 
 America as it seemed in those days to the English. 
 The book is called, it is l)elievcd by the publisher, 
 "America Dissected," and the sub-title sets forth the 
 "intemperance of the climates, excessive heat and 
 cold, and sudden violent changes, terrible murderous 
 thunder and lightnings, bad and unwholesome air de- 
 structive to human bodies, badness of money, danger 
 from enemies, but ahove all to the soiils of the poor
 
 OF THE CHURCH IN AMERICA 67 
 
 people that remove thither from the multifarious pes- 
 tilent heresies of those parts, published as a caution 
 to unsteady people wlio may be tempted to leave their 
 native country." 
 
 For half a century the rector of St. Michael's, 
 Bristol, E. I., was the Rev. John Usher of the Har- 
 vard class of 1719. His son, whose baptism is the 
 first recorded act of the father upon his entrance into 
 his charge, was graduated from Harvard in 174:3, and 
 though a lawyer, when his father died, as no clergy- 
 man was at hand, he assembled the scattered congre- 
 gation and held together the parish. He officiated 
 as lay reader many years, until at the age of seventy- 
 one he received Holy Orders from the first American 
 Bishop, and continued in the parish which was so 
 truly his for God's cause, working there always with 
 great piety and untired devotion to the Church. 
 
 Henry Caner was a student at Yale College, where 
 Rector Cutler made his declaration for the Church, 
 and the seed of his courage and devotion to truth fell 
 on good soil in the youth, who, immediately after 
 graduation, began to read the Church service at Fair- 
 field. When he had obtained Orders, he was ap- 
 pointed by tlie S. P. G. missionary to this same town, 
 where he worked faithfully, winning many to the 
 Church, until he was called to King's Chapel, the 
 leading parish of Xew England. Here, also, under 
 his ministry the Church gained greatly in numbers
 
 fis SOME ME^rrmv days 
 
 and in honor, wliile lie gained the deep affection o|' 
 his parishioners and the townspeople in general. 
 
 The Rev. Arthur Browne, who was ordained by 
 the Bishop of London in 1729, was first sent to 
 King's Chapel, now St. John's Church, Providence, 
 and afterward gave thirty-seven years of service to 
 St. John's parish. Portsmouth, where lie was lionored 
 and beloved. 
 
 The Rev. Thomas Cradock, who left all in the 
 home country to go to a frontier post in the Maryland 
 wilderness, even after his limbs were helpless by dis- 
 ease, was carried regularly to church, and, set in his 
 accustomed place, officiated at the services. 
 
 The Rev. Thomas Bacon, another Maryland mis- 
 sionary, labored zealously for the poor colored folk 
 of the colony, saying that he found them as sheep 
 without a shepherd, living in ignorance of Chris- 
 tianity, and considered them a part of the flock which 
 God had j^laced under his care. He taught them Iw 
 friendly conversation and advice when he met them 
 on the way, and had services for them, and visited 
 them in sickness. This faithful priest also sought to 
 educate and improve the condition of the poor white 
 people, and, securing the aid of friends, he estab- 
 lished a free school, the brick building of which is 
 still standing, a memorial of the Christian charity of 
 the good missionary. 
 
 To Georgia the ardent young missionary. John
 
 UKv. JOHN \\Ksr.i:v.
 
 OF THE CHURCH IN AMERICA 69 
 
 Wesley, was sent, to ininister to the spiritual needs 
 of the colony, speeded on his way by the prayers of 
 his devont widowed mother, who said, "Had I twenty 
 sons, I should rejoice to have them all missionaries, 
 though I should never see them again." 
 
 John Wesley and his brother Charles set sail, be- 
 ginning the voyage with prayers and the Sacrament, 
 and saying that their whole motive in going was the 
 glory of God. On Quinquagesima Sunday, ]\Iareli 
 7, 1736, Mr. Wesley began his ministrations in Sa- 
 vannah, establishing many Church services in Eng- 
 lish, German, French, and Italian, that he migbt 
 reach the people of various nationalities, and studying 
 Spanish that he might converse with the Jews of the 
 town. Also he walked many miles through swamps 
 and thickets to distant plantations, in order to min- 
 ister to their inhabitants, often on these Journeys ly- 
 ing all night out-of-doors, exposed to storms and des- 
 titute of food. He taught the children of his flock 
 to read and write, and catechised them twice a day, 
 and on Sundays in public before the congi'egation. 
 
 In later years, tlie Rev. John Wesley and his 
 brother gathered about themselves a new and inde- 
 pendent religious society, but we ai'e glad to remem- 
 ber that it was as sons of the Church that they did 
 their first missionary work in America; and John 
 \resley. when a very old man, declared that he was 
 and had always been a child of ilie Chui'cb of Eng- 
 land,
 
 70 SOME MEMORY DAYS 
 
 Another Georgia missionary sent out by the 
 S. P. G. was the Eev. George Whitefield, who also 
 joined a new religious body later, but Avho began his 
 missionary work as a minister of the Church of Eng- 
 land. He was a famous preacher, who drew great 
 crowds and touched the hearts of all who heard him ; 
 yet this young man, before whom great honors seemed 
 to lie in England, turned aside from all these to min- 
 ister to a tew colonists on the edge of the great wilder- 
 ness in America. 
 
 It was a fair May day, Rogation Sunday in 1738, 
 when Wliitefield came to the Church in Savannah, 
 warmly welcomed by the people, who were glad to 
 have a pastor once more. On the next day, he began 
 to read "Publick Prayers and to expound the Second 
 Lesson"; and, in a few weeks, he was preaching to 
 large congregations, visiting from house to house, 
 catechising and teaching, and gaining, by his faith- 
 fulness and devotion, happy results for the Church 
 in Georgia. 
 
 By unwearied efforts he collected more than a 
 thousand pounds, and also secured a grant of five 
 hundred acres of land for an orphans' home which he 
 longed to found. The orphans were at first sheltered 
 in a temporaiy building, and together with these, the 
 children of the colonists were gathered for free in- 
 struction, while an infirmary was established wherein 
 the sick were cared for without charge. On the Feast
 
 OF THE CHURCH IX AMERICA 71 
 
 of the Anuunciation, 1740, the first brick of "Great 
 House" was laid, and "with assurance of faith, the 
 home was called Bethesda, in the hope that that 
 might be a house of mercy to many, whose founda- 
 tion was laid in Georgia in the name of our dear 
 Jesus." 
 
 In this old-time missionary school the children 
 were aroused by a bell ringing at sunrise, and in their 
 sleeping rooms they prayed and sang a hymn, then 
 went downstairs to bathe, and then, at the call of the 
 bell, to go to public worship. After breakfast came 
 work in the trade-schools, or lessons, and more pray- 
 ers. Before and after dinner the children sang a 
 hymn, and they had a recreation hour Ijefore after- 
 noon school, which was followed by pu1)lic prayers 
 and supper. At bedtime the little pupils went to 
 their rooms attended by the teachers, who prayed 
 privately with them. On Sundays all dined on 
 cold meat, prepared the day before, in order that 
 none should be kept from public worship, which was 
 attended four times, the children "between-whilcs 
 spending the time in reading." 
 
 So, in these old clays in Georgia, good missionary 
 work was done for poor and ignorant children and 
 for the sick, beside that work which is the mission- 
 ary's first care — the ministering to the spiritual needs 
 of the people.
 
 IX. 
 
 The Church and the Nation. 
 
 The history of the Church in the United States 
 is closely bound up with the history of the nation. 
 We have seen how many of the original settlements 
 were distinetivoly Church colonies and how the first 
 representative Congress met in the first church at 
 Jamestown. Wlien, in 1699, the seat of government 
 was ^emo^■ed to Williamsburg, where the House of 
 Burgesses met, Bruton Church became the court 
 church of colonial Virginia, and a part of it was 
 built with public money by the House of Burgesses. 
 There the Governor, his Council, and the House of 
 Burgesses attended Divine service, the Governor occu- 
 pying his elevated pew, canopied with gold-em- 
 broidered red silk. The present Bniton Church was 
 built in IT 15, and contains, among other articles 
 brought from Jamestown it is believed, the baptismal 
 font, the first in the United States. This old churcli 
 has been restored, and in the work Massachusetts 
 and Virginia clasped hands, as in the old days 
 of the Revolution, when John Adams, a Massachu- 
 setts man, urged that Washington, a Virginia man,
 
 AN 
 
 [Prosontcd l>.v 
 
 IIISTOKIC 
 (jL'ortic 111 
 Chiircli. Mount Holly. X 
 at Christ Clnirch, ('< 
 
 FOX 'I'. 
 
 lo SI. Andrew's 
 .1. -Now in us<: 
 hunbus, Ky. I
 
 OF THE CHURCH IX A^ilERICA 73 
 
 should be chosen for the chief post in the great 
 struggle. King Edward of England gave a memorial 
 Bible, made under the direction of the Archbishop 
 of Canterbury, and which rests upon a lectern given 
 by President Eoosevelt to the restored church. The 
 Bishop of London was invited to preach the conse- 
 cration sermon, because, when the church was built, 
 all colonial churches were in the care of the Bisho]) 
 of London. 
 
 In this church worshipped live of our Presidents, 
 when they were students at the College of William 
 and Mary, or members of the House of Burgesses: 
 Washington, whose name appears eleven times in the 
 parish register; Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, and 
 Tyler. Here also worshipped Chief Justice Marshall. 
 Patrick Henry, Eandolph, Benjamin Harrison, the 
 Lees, and General Winfield Scott. 
 
 The very constitutions of the Church and of tlic 
 country were "rocked in the same cradle,"' for, in tlu- 
 same year, 1;80, and in the same state-house at Phila- 
 delphia, called the "Cradle of Liberty,*' were ratified 
 the Constitution of the T/nited States and that of the 
 Church, now independent of England; and many ol' 
 the same men were in boih conventions. Thirty-four 
 of the fifty-five signers of the Declaration of ln(]e- 
 pendence were Churchmen, and perhaps for this rea- 
 son tlie organization of the Church and the nation 
 are very similar. In the Cliur-'h are the Bishops, tlu;
 
 74 SOME MEMORY DAYS 
 
 Cathedral, the House of Bishops, and House of Depu- 
 ties, while, corresponding to these in the State, are 
 the Governor, the State-house, the Senate, and House 
 of Representatives. The nation is a group of states 
 welded into a union, and the Church is a group of 
 dioceses welded together; and the Church has ever 
 given noble help in establishing, organizing, and pre- 
 serving the United States. So, if we are worthy the 
 inheritance we have received in both our Church and 
 our nation, and if we faithfully exercise our privilege 
 of membership in both, we shall have a spirit of deep 
 gratitude to the self-sacrificing fathers of our country 
 and our Church, and to God who has graciously given 
 increase to their labors; and thankful as Churchmen 
 that the early settlers planted in this dear land the 
 precious seed of the Church, we shall rejoice to join 
 in the great offerings which are to extend in other 
 lands this same Church, first established in this 
 continent by the Jamestown colonists. 
 
 During the Revolution, Patrick Henry, General 
 Harry Lee, Randolph, the Morrises, Pinckney, Liv- 
 ingston, and many others whose names rang through 
 two continents, were working, planning, and praying 
 in the Church which gave so many high-souled 
 leaders to the American side in the great struggle. 
 And General Washington, baptized in the Church. 
 and a devout communicant, prepared himself for tin- 
 almost crushing 1)urdens of his higli ])Osition by seek-
 
 OF THE CHURCH IN AMERICA 75 
 
 ing the strength of God in His Church. In the year 
 of the battles of Concord and Bunker Hill, just be- 
 fore Washington went to Massachusetts to take com- 
 mand of the colonial amiy, he made this entry in his 
 diary : "Williamsburg, June 1, 1775. Went to 
 church and fasted all day." And throughout the 
 struggle Washington was ever true to his Church. 
 Some of us have looked with awe and reverence at 
 the very places where he knelt, humbly seeking wis- 
 dom from God in many parish churches of the land ; 
 in Christ Church, Cambridge, where he worshipped 
 at the beginning of the years of stress; St. John's, 
 Portsmouth; Trinity, Newport; Christ Church, 
 Philadelphia, and others in the Middle and Southern 
 states, besides the old Bruton church and the home 
 church of his later years in Alexandria, where he was 
 churchwarden and vestryman, chosen as being one of 
 the "twelve most able and discreet men of the par- 
 ish." 
 
 M^ny of the Church clergymen took the American 
 side in the great struggle. The Rev. Henry Purcell 
 of South Carolina became the chaplain of a regiment ; 
 the Rev. Robert Smith (afterward first Bishop of 
 South Carolina) served as a soldier in the American 
 ranks; Dr. Muhlenberg donned a soldier's uniform, 
 and putting his gown over it, preached an earnest 
 sermon on the duty of the hour, then, laying off his 
 gown, marched out of church, stood at the door as a
 
 19 SOME MEilORY DAYS 
 
 recruiting sergeant, and enlisted a ))attalion of con- 
 tinental troops on the spot. Dr. Provoost of Ne\r 
 York was an ardent patriot, and Dr. White (after- 
 ward Bishop ^Vhite) became chaplain of the Conti- 
 nental Congress. 
 
 At the first meeting of the Continental Congress, 
 Peyton Randolph, a Churchman, was chosen presi- 
 dent, and Samuel Adams, who was an oj'ponent of 
 the Church, yet made the motion that the inaugura- 
 tion of the cause of the colonies should be by the use 
 of the prayers of the Church. Mr. Duche, a minister 
 of Christ Chureh, Philadelphia, preached a patriotic 
 sermon, said the prayers of the Church, at which it 
 is said the noble \A"ashington alone knelt, and read 
 the service for that day, a solemn memory day, Sep- 
 tember Uh, including the thirty-fifth Psalm, with its 
 earnest appeal so suited to the time: '^Plead Thou 
 my cause, God." 
 
 On June 23, 17 ?5, Dr. Smith (animated as he 
 was by the purest zeal for interests of both England 
 and the colonies) preached in Christ church, Philadel- 
 phia, before the Congress and the militia, a thought- 
 ful sermon which made a remarkable impression on 
 the ci\'ilized world, being translated into several for- 
 eign languages, and printed in an edition of 10,000 
 copies at the expense of the Chamljerlain of London. 
 
 Shoulder to shoulder with the clergy, many lay- 
 men, some of the Church, took iiart in the American
 
 OF THK CHrRCH TX AMERICA 77 
 
 cause, like llie brave, energetic Captain Blackier. a 
 parishioner of St. Michael's, ]\Iarb]ehead, who, ac- 
 companied by his strong Marblehead sailors, com- 
 manded the boat in which, on that bitter December 
 night when the cause of the suffering- Americans Avas 
 at its lowest point, Cleneral Washington crossed the 
 icy Delaware river to fight the battle of Trenton. 
 
 Through the eight terrible years of war, the 
 prayers and sacraments of the Church endured, and, 
 when in 1783 the new nation stood on the threshold 
 of its life, Washington, the father of the young coun- 
 try, knelt to thank God and to seek new grace for 
 new needs in the old Church in wliose communion be 
 both lived and died. 
 
 After tlie separation from England, when, public- 
 prayers for the king might no longer be said, tbe 
 Americans, having no Prayer Books but tliose of the 
 Church of England, quietly pasted over the prayers 
 for the king and royal family a sheet on which were 
 l)rinted prayers for the President of the l^nitcfl 
 States. Many of these remodelled pages may be seen 
 in the huge leather-liound Praye]' Books of the colo- 
 nial churches from St. John's. Portsmouth, and 
 Christ Church, Boston, soutliward. But as soon as 
 was possil)le the English Prayer Book was altered to 
 suit the changed circumstances of this country, while 
 it was left entirely unchanged in all essential points 
 of "doctrine, discipline, and worsbip," and in these it
 
 78 SOME MEMORY DAYS 
 
 still remains unchanged to this very year of memory 
 days which connect our Church in America with its 
 own true Mother Church in England. 
 
 And now Christianity is a part of the land. In 
 the Constitution we read : ''Done in the year of our 
 Lord"; and so the United States dates the ratification 
 of its form of government from the coming of Christ 
 and declares Him to be the Lord of the nation. Also, 
 in the Constitution, the observance of Sunday is di- 
 rected by Congress and the Supreme Court of the 
 land. By a law of the Congress of the year 1800, 
 the goveriunent maintains chaplains for the army and 
 the navy; commanders in the navy are ordered to 
 h."- divine worship conducted in a solemn manner 
 twice daily, and to have a sermon preached on Sun- 
 day; all possible of the ship's company are obliged to 
 attend public worship, and there are laws providing 
 for the punishment of any irreverence at service. 
 Also, the cadets of the military and naval academies 
 are obliged to attend divine service, and chaplains 
 are appointed for both Houses of Congress. When 
 Michigan was a United States territory it was pro- 
 vided that in it the first day of the week should be 
 observed as a day of rest. 
 
 In many of the States of the Union, the Christian 
 Faith is still further recognized. , In Massachusetts, 
 certain legal provisions were long ago made for the 
 reason that "these tend to the 'honor of God and the
 
 OF THE CHURCH IN AMERICA 79 
 
 advantage of the Cliristiaii religion." In North Caro- 
 lina, an old law decrees that "no person who denies 
 the religious truths or the divine authority of the Old 
 and jSTew Testament shall hold office in civil depart- 
 ments of the State"'; and man}^ of the States have 
 stringent laws in regard to Sundaj'. 
 
 While our country thus remembers and honors the 
 Christian religion, and the God who is the Lord of 
 the Church, the Church constantly in prayer and 
 thanksgiving remembers our country. Daily the 
 Church prays for God's blessing on the President of 
 the United States, the Governor of the State 
 and all others in authority; she prays for the 
 country in time of sickness and war and tumult, for 
 the "harvest and labors of the husbandman," for pei'- 
 sons going to sea, including — or perhaps mainly 
 meaning — the men of our navy, since the prayer asks 
 deliverance from the "violence of enemies." She 
 thanks God for deliverance from our enemies, and 
 for "restoring ptiblic peace at home"; and in the 
 daily service of Prayer at Sea, she prays not only foi- 
 the safety of the ships' crews and the fleet in which 
 they serve, but also that these may be a "safeguard 
 unto the United States of America, and that all the 
 inhabitants of our land may in peace and quietness 
 serve God." She prays for God's mercy in time of 
 storms at sea, and His defence against the enemy be- 
 fore a fight ; she praises Him for deliverance from the
 
 80 SOME MEilORY DAYS 
 
 tempest and after victories, declaring that "the Lord 
 hath done great things for us"; and she beseeches 
 that God M'ill give the nation "grace to improve this 
 great mercy to His glor}'^, the advancement of His 
 Gospel, the honor of our oonntrv. and the good of all 
 mankind." 
 
 • Thus divine blessings are daily sought for the 
 country by the prayers of the Church in the United 
 States in all her holy places from ocean to ocean, and 
 in every ship that carries with the starry banner of 
 the nation our fathers founded in this land the 
 Prayer Book of the Church that the same fathers 
 planted on these shores.
 
 X. 
 
 The First Bishops. 
 
 The Church was planted in America, and devoted 
 and self-sacrificing missionaries, clergjnnen and lay- 
 men, were working zealously and lovingly to spread 
 the faith, but there were no chief shepherds of God's 
 flock in the new Church. As early as 1716 a mis- 
 sionary to America wrote to a friend in England : 
 "The poor Church of God here in the wilderness I 
 There is none to guide her." In 1718 some of the 
 American clergy sent a petition to the S. P. G., saying 
 that, "for want of the episcopacy and because there 
 has never been any Bishop sent to visit us, our 
 churches remain unconsecrated, our children are 
 grown up and cannot be confirmed, and for M'ant of 
 tlie sacred power the vacancies in the ministry cannot 
 be supplied." In 1724 the Rev. Samnol Johnson of 
 Stratford, Conn., urged the Bishop of London to a]> 
 point a Bishop for America, because the young Tiien 
 here could have the divine grace of ordination only 
 by crossing the seas "with all their dangers, and," 
 he continued, "many thousands of souls do patiently
 
 82 SOME MEMORY DAYS 
 
 long and pray for Bishops and for want of them do 
 extremely suffer." 
 
 But this cry of the American Church received no 
 answer until the long war of the Eevolution was 
 ended; then, among the first fruits of the happy 
 peace, the Church "sprang up with beauty," arising 
 to new life with the gift of the episcopate. And one 
 of our memory days is the Feast of the Annunciation, 
 1783, when ten clergymen, feeling deeply the need of 
 Bishops to minister to the now feeble and scattered 
 Church in the United States, met in the quiet village 
 of Woodbury, Conn., at the house of the Eev. John 
 Marshall, the rector of Woodbury, and a missionary 
 of the S. P. G., and selected two men, the Rev. Jere- 
 miah Leaming and the Eev. Samuel Sea bury, as suit- 
 able to go to England, to ob'tain, if possible, conse- 
 cration. 
 
 Mr. Leaming, weary and worn by long services to 
 the Church, and weakened by age and infirmities, 
 shrank from the burden, and so it was ordered by 
 God that Mr. Seabury, simple, grand, conciliatory, 
 and uncompromising, a man of boldness, zeal, and 
 unflinching adherence to truth, should be the man to 
 seek the apostolic order in England. Provided with 
 letters from prominent clerg}anen to the Archbishop 
 of Canterbury, pleading America's need of Bishops, 
 Mr. Seabury, embarking his entire property in the 
 enterprise, set sail for England in the flagship of
 
 OF THE CHURCH IN AMERICA 83 
 
 Admiral Digby, while behind him in America the 
 Church prayed earnestly that God would keep him 
 under His protection and conduct him in safety to 
 his desired end. Dr. Seabury arrived in London on 
 July 7f 1783; but he sought in vain to obtain there 
 the precious gift of the Apostolic Succession for the 
 struggling Church in America; for certain political 
 reasons, the boon was denied. So the zealous and 
 kind-hearted Dr. George Berkeley and other friends 
 of the American Church urged the Bishops in Scot- 
 land to consecrate Mr. Seabury, and after long de- 
 liberation these consented, one of them writing, "I do 
 not see how we can account to our Lord and Master 
 if we neglect such an opportunity of promoting His 
 truth and enlarging the borders of His Church." 
 
 Because the Church in Scotland up to that time 
 had refused to disown the royal House of Stuart and 
 give allegiance to the House of Hanover, she had 
 been forbidden to hold service except in private dwell- 
 ings; hence, Bishop Skinner of Aberdeen had found 
 a retired spot in a narrow close (alley) and there 
 rented a house, the upper floor of which was a chapel. 
 This is a place of precious memory to the American 
 Church, for in that humble chapel, on the Twenty- 
 second Sunday after Trinity, November 14, 1784, by 
 Bishop Kilgour, the Primus of Scotland, assisted by 
 Bishops Petrie and Skinner, Samuel Seabur}'^, in the 
 presence of a large number of persons, both clergy
 
 ■S4 SO:\IE ^FEMORY DAYS 
 
 and laity, was consecrated to be tlie first Bishop of 
 the Church in America. Solomnlv the congregation 
 prayer God "to keep His household the Church in 
 continual godliness; that through His protection it 
 might be free from all adversities, and devoutly given 
 to serve Him in good works, to the glory of His 
 name," and fervently they sang the impressive words 
 of the nineteenth psalm : 
 
 '•To all Tliy servants. Lord, let this 
 
 Thy wondrous work be known. 
 And to onr ofl'spring yet unborn 
 
 Thy glorious power be shown. 
 Let Thy bright rays upon us shine. 
 
 Give Thou our work success; 
 This glorious work we have in hand. 
 
 Do Thou vouchsafe to bless." 
 
 Deep and holy interest in this consecration was 
 felt, and many blessings were invoked upon the now 
 Bishop and his work by the members of the Church 
 in Scotland, that "small branch of the true Vine to 
 which God's Providence had given the power of trans- 
 planting to the vast vineyard of the West a shoot 
 which should fill the land." 
 
 Like the Church in America, the Scottish Church 
 stood for earnest convictions and sacrifices, and it re- 
 garded the episcopal order not on the temporal side, 
 but on the spiritual. Its clergy, as one said, had 
 ''ventured for a long time to show more regard to the 
 Acts of the Apostles than to the acts of Parliament." 
 So the Church in America is closelv bound toojether
 
 BISHOP SEABUKY. 
 [First American Bishop.]
 
 OF THE CHURCH IN AMERICA 85 
 
 with this free and spiritual Church in Scotland, to 
 which the Connecticut clergy sent an address of 
 thanks, containing these words : "Wherever the 
 American Episcoj)al Church shall be mentioned in 
 the world, may this good deed which they have done 
 for us be spoken of for a memorial of them.'" 
 
 After a wearisome homeward voyage of three 
 months. Bishop Seabury arrived in Xewport on June 
 20, 1785, and on the next Sunday he preached in old 
 Trinity church the first sermon ever preached in this 
 land by an American Bishop. His text was Hebrews 
 xii. 1 : "Seeing we are compassed about with so great 
 a cloud of witnesses — let us run with patience the 
 race that is set before us, looking unto Jesus, tlie au- 
 thor and finisher of our faith." 
 
 It was granted to the Bishop to be greatly blessed 
 in the "race set before him," and to see the Church 
 in America united and firmly settled on the founda- 
 tions of the apostles. 
 
 In August, 1785, the first diocesan convention of 
 Connecticut met at Middletown, and acknowledged 
 Bishop Seabury as the ecclesiastical head ; and he sat 
 in his chair before the clergy, M'hile one of these read 
 a formal recognition, thanking God "that He at last 
 permitted the Church in America to enjoy the long- 
 desired blessing of a pure, valid, and free episcopacy," 
 and declaring, "in the presence of Almighty God, that 
 they acknowledged Dr. Seabury as their Bishop, su-
 
 86 SOME MEMORY DAYS 
 
 preme in the government of the Church; also, they 
 thanked the Scotch Bishops," faithful holders of the 
 apostolic commission, who gave freely that which 
 they had freely received. The Bishop then celebrated 
 Holy Communion, ordained four deacons, and gave 
 the congregation the apostolic blessing. 
 
 A truly memorable day was that, August 3, 1785; 
 and on the following day the new Bishop gave his 
 first charge to his clergy, reminding them that they 
 were to use the precious gift that they had received 
 for the glory of God and the good of His Church, and 
 urging them to teach the nature and meaning of con- 
 firmation and its benefits, for hitherto the members 
 of the American Church had remained unconfirmed 
 for want of a Bishop. 
 
 Thus Bishop Seabury began the noble apostolic 
 work in which he continued many years, taking jour- 
 neys, long and hard in those days, by boat or on horse- 
 back, over rough, hilly roads, going throughout New 
 England, ordaining clergymen and administering con- 
 firmation to great numbers. On one summer Sunday 
 in 1791 he confirmed seventy-two persons in old St. 
 John's church, Portsmouth, and a few days later he 
 gave to thirty-three more the gift of the Holy Spirit, 
 beside ordaining the Eev. Robert Towle, the first 
 priest to be ordained in this part of the country. A 
 few days afterward he preached in Newburyport, to 
 a congregation of two thousand pei-sons, and con-

 
 OF THE CHURCH IN AMERICA 87 
 
 fij-med a hundred persons. As the Bishop travelled, 
 he gained much influence among the people by his 
 readiness to use for their benefit his knowledge of 
 medicine and of new discoveries in science. A story 
 of him which was widely circulated and which added 
 much to his popularity is that of a certain hot sum- 
 mer day, when he was sailing on a packet to New 
 York, and some of his fellow-passengers were sighing 
 for a cool drink. The Bishop hung up a covered Jug 
 of the lukewarm water of the boat, and dashed fresh 
 water over and over it. "What is the foolish man up 
 to?" whispered a youngster. The Bishop continued 
 his work, and after a time poured M'ater from the 
 jug and gave it to his companions, who to their sur- 
 prise found it cool and refreshing. "You see," he 
 said quietly to the lad, "T am no fool and you are no 
 philosopher." 
 
 BishoiJ Seabury's one great desire was to promote 
 the cause of Christ's Church and of pure religion, 
 and for this cause he was ready to yield his own 
 opinions in non-essentials; but he was firmly fixed 
 in all vital matters, and in his generous, self-sacrific- 
 ing life, he lived not only as a faithful Christian 
 Bishop but also as a true friend of the people. 
 
 Now, in these days, God had given to one of His 
 servants the special gifts needed at this critical time 
 in America, and the name of Willian) White, of 
 Philadelphia, will always be gratefully remembered
 
 88 SOME MEMORY DAYS 
 
 by our ChurcJi of the West. Dr. White was a man 
 mild in manner, meek in spirit, tolerant of others, 
 a peacemaker, and so kind and gentle that men would 
 hear from him wliat they would not from another, 
 an advantage which he used for the good of the 
 Church. He was humble, trusting in his Redeemer 
 and seeking the guidance of the Holy Spirit; and 
 through a long life he never shrank from any known 
 duty. When the yellow fever appeared in Philadel- 
 phia, three-quarters of the terror-stricken inhabitants 
 fled from the city, but Dr. White remained with the 
 sick and dying, spending with them his days and 
 nights, for, "where," said he, "should a pastor be 
 but with his suffering flock?'" And long afterward, 
 when he was an old man of eighty-five, and Phila- 
 delphia was smitten with Asiatic cholera, the aged 
 shepherd of his people was seen daily in the hos- 
 pitals, praying at the bedside of the dying. With 
 gentle manners, love for his fellows, and respect for 
 their opinions, he lived without an enemy. 
 
 At the beginning of the Revolution, Dr. White, 
 from the conviction of his conscience, took the Amer- 
 ican side and became chaplain of Congress, and the 
 end of the war found him the rector of St. Peter's 
 Church in Philadelphia, and of Christ Church, where 
 General Washington Avorshipped. 
 
 This good man used his influence in gathering 
 together, in 1785 and 1786, an assembly of the 
 Church composed of delegates from seven of the
 
 OF THE CHURCH IX AMERICA 89 
 
 tliirteen states, who urged that every effort shoukl 
 be made to obtain more Bishof)s, securing the apos- 
 tolic order, if possible, from the English Church. 
 It was decided that Dr. White, of Pennsylvania, 
 and Dr. Provoost, of New York, a man strong in 
 the Faith and fearless, should be recommended to 
 the Archbishop of Canterbury for consecratioUj and 
 these chosen men sailed in 1786 for England, arriv- 
 ing in London on November 29th. 
 
 The petition of the iVmerican Church to the 
 Archbishop of Canterbury had been presented in 
 person by the American Minister to England, Mr. 
 John x\dams, who, though not himself a Churchman, 
 bravely and generously gave great aid to the Church, 
 and who is therefore to be held in grateful memory 
 by us all. Mr. Adams presented Dr. White and Dr. 
 Provoost to the Archbishop of Canterbury, who re- 
 ceived them cordially, as also did the king. 
 
 Matters in England had changed somewhat since 
 Dr. Seabury was consecrated in Scotland, and it is 
 also believed that the English Cliurch was deeply 
 influenced by the action of the Scottish Church in 
 giving freely to America the gift of the Apostolic 
 Succession, and the English Bisliops now agreed to 
 grant the request of tlie American Church. So, on 
 a glad memory Sunday, February 4, 1787, in the 
 chapel of Lambetli I'alace, by the Archbishops of 
 Canterbury and York and the Bishops of Bath and 
 Wells and Peter))orouffh, the two Americans were
 
 90 SOME MEMORY DAYS 
 
 consecrated, and the Mother Church of England gave 
 to her daugliter Church the great and greatly needed 
 gift of the Apostolic Succession. It is interesting 
 to remember that in the congregation at Lambeth 
 Chapel on that February Sunday was the Eev. Mr. 
 Duche, who had years before said the first prayer in 
 the first American Congress, and who, though long 
 ago returned to live in England, had always loved 
 and worked for the American Church. 
 
 Then, rejoicing, the two newly consecrated Bish- 
 ops went back to their own land, carrying the office 
 of the first apostles. Solemnly glad was their land- 
 ing on Easter Day, April 7, 1787, coming as they 
 did as special witnesses of the Eesurrection, the joy- 
 ful memory of which the Church throughout all the 
 world was that day keeping. 
 
 It was an important day for the Church in 
 America when, on July 28, 1789, its representatives 
 met in General Convention in Philadelphia, for the 
 first time gathering as when of old the "apostles and 
 elders came together at Jerusalem," for now as then 
 the Church met with Bishops, presbyters, deacons, 
 and the laity, "the multitude of the faithful." In 
 this convention and in its adjourned session, together 
 with much other important work, our Prayer Book 
 was established practically as we now have it, ful- 
 filling its profession that the "Church in America is 
 far from intending to depart from the Cbui'ch of
 
 r.lSIMM- WIII'II': OK I'KNNSYLVANIA.
 
 OF THE CHURCH IN AMERICA 91 
 
 England in any essential j^oint of doctrine, disci- 
 pline, or worship." 
 
 In 1790 Dr. Madison was elected Bishop of Vir- 
 ginia and was consecrated in England; thus one hun- 
 dred and eighty-four j-ears after her first planting, 
 Virginia had her own Bishop. 
 
 On the memory day, September 17, 1792, took 
 place the first American consecration of a Bishop for 
 Maryland, Dr. Claggett, upon whom were laid the 
 apostolic hands of all the American Bishops, Bishops 
 Seabury, White, Provoost, and Madison. So at last 
 the Church in America was complete in all her func- 
 tions and powers, and able to expand as God might 
 give grace and opportunity, to meet the ever-increas- 
 ing needs of the young but rapidly growing Republic 
 of the West.
 
 XL 
 
 The Advance. 
 
 At the close of tlie eighteenth centiir}', the 
 Church in the young Eepuhlic at last was firmly 
 established under the care of its own chief shep- 
 herds, the Bishops who had received their commis- 
 sion in the line of the apostles; and the tree from 
 the seed planted at Jamestown was growing in the 
 thirteen states, at the mouth of the great rivers 
 along the Atlantic shore. But the country was al- 
 ready beginning to widen its boundaries. There was 
 activity on the frontier where the roads ended and 
 the axe had but begun its work, leaving huge stumps 
 standing in their native soil around the rude log huts 
 of the settlers, on the border of tlie great wilder- 
 ness with its unending shadows, wild animals, and 
 wild Indians. Constantly the black line of the for- 
 est Avas moving away from the ocean shore toward 
 the sunset. In this border-land, where the bold fron- 
 tiermen were building up their homes and their 
 nation, the claims and comforts of religion were 
 often forgotten; in the lonely settlements no church- 
 spire pointed toward heaven, and no calling bells 
 reminded men of prayer and praise; the children of
 
 BISlIOl' IIOBAUT. 
 [New York.]
 
 OF THE CIUTvCH IX AMERICx\ OH 
 
 these homes grew up uubaptized and with no knowl- 
 edge of God or faith in Christ. 
 
 Over this matter the hearts of faithful men were 
 stirred, and especially good Bishop Hobart, of New 
 York, filled with love for souls, felt the pressing need 
 of the people on the frontier, and urged the Church 
 to send laborers to plant in these new lands the 
 knowledge of Christ and the sacraments of His grace. 
 Men heard and obej-ed this call ; but often it Avas the 
 humble, faithful lay- worker who first went to the 
 frontier to prepare the way for the Church. Among 
 these devoted men was one who bore the honored 
 memory name, Samuel Gunn. He was a Connecti- 
 cut man, baptized by a missionary of the S. P. G., 
 and one of the first to receive from Bishop Seabury 
 the blessing of Confirmation. As the town in which 
 Mr. Gunn lived had no clergyman, the Bishop, notic- 
 ing his holy life, appointed him lay-reader to a small 
 band of earnest Christians who worshipped God ac- 
 cording to the service of the old Church. Now and 
 then a priest visited the people to administer the 
 sacraments; but for years they depended principally 
 upon Samuel Gunn for their religious teaching and 
 inspiration. After a time Mr. Gunn with his family 
 moved away to the then distant land of Western New 
 York, and in his new home he gathered together so 
 many worshippers that tliey soon formed a parish 
 and called a minister. 
 
 In 1805 Mr. Gunn removed still farther west.
 
 94 SOME MEMOPxY DAYS 
 
 111 this joiiniev through the great wihlerness, oiie of 
 his children was suddenly taken from him, and the 
 little body was laid away to sleep in the silence of 
 the deep forest until the Resurrection morning. 
 With his family and his goods, ]\Ir. Gunn floated 
 down the Ohio Eiver, then a wild and little known 
 river, until he came to a place settled by a dozen 
 families. Then l^egan the prayers and praise of the 
 Church on tlie banks of the Ohio, where a little band 
 of worshippers gathered with Mr. Gunn. 
 
 The good man was filled with joy when, in 1819, 
 he heard that Ohio had been made a diocese and 
 that its new Bishop Avas the very missionary who 
 had often been in his home in Xew York. He wrote 
 to Bishop Chase of his needy little flock at Ports- 
 mouth, to which a clergyman was sent, while soon 
 the Bishop himself came to the company, upon whom 
 his simple piety made a deep impression. The Bishop 
 organized a parish here, making Mr. Gunn the senior 
 warden, and leaving him still the lay-reader, in 
 which office he was now greatly assisted by the dis- 
 covery of a number of Prayer Books that had long 
 been lying unregarded on a dusty shelf of the village 
 store, Init now were in such demand that the people, 
 who had little money, paid twenty l)ushels of corn for 
 a single copy. In 1831 a room was fitted up for tlie 
 worship of God, and the aged lay-reader handed over 
 his work to a clergyman. He urged his neigh- 
 bors to build a church, toward which he gave one-
 
 p.isiior I'liir-AXDKit CHASE, 
 
 [I'ioncer Missiduary in Ohio and Illinois.]
 
 OF THE CHURCH IX A.MERICA 95 
 
 third of his ^hole little property; but before 
 this sacred church was l)uilt, the faithful pioneer- 
 missionary was received by the Master whom he had 
 long served into the peace of the Church at Eest. 
 
 Dr. Chase, the first Bishop of Ohio, was himself 
 the son of parents who were pioneers when the fron- 
 tier was farther east and had the Connecticut for 
 its boundary. He had intended to spend his life on 
 the farm of his parents, but God planned for him 
 another career to which he was called, at first, by the 
 path of pain from a maimed and broken limb, which 
 shut him out from the active life and led to his go- 
 ing to college. There he first saw the Prayer Book, 
 which won him by its showing of the sure claims of 
 the Apostolic Commission and by its spiritual tone, 
 and he went back to the farm on the Connecticut 
 Eiver to lead his old father into the Church. ^Yith 
 their own hands the old man and the young man 
 built a little house of worship, to which they wel- 
 comed their neighbors on the occasional visits of a 
 priest from a distance, and in which Philander Chase, 
 as layman, read prayers and sermons. The youth's 
 heart was set upon the ministry, but how could he 
 o1)tain education and ordination? There were no 
 theological seminaries in tlie land, and there was no 
 Bishop near to direct him. With hesitation, Chase 
 set out for Albany to seek there the guidance of the 
 Rev. 'My. Ellison, who received the country boy with
 
 9(5 SOAIE MEMORY DAYS 
 
 a hearty "God bless yoti," and settled him in his 
 vocation. 
 
 In 1798 Mr. Chase was ordained deacon by 
 Bishop Provoost, of New York, and sent as home 
 missionary to the forest district in the western part 
 of that state. Here, among the immigrants on the 
 outskirts, he labored with his whole heart, thinking 
 nothing of the privations of the rough life, ready to 
 live in a cabin of unhewn logs, with scarce a pane 
 of glass to let in light enough to read his Bible, but 
 he soon had the joy of seeing large congregations 
 gather for worship. 
 
 At the advice of his Bishop, he went for a time 
 to New Orleans, where he formed the first parish of 
 the English Church in that city; then, after serving 
 the Church in Hartford, where he was much loved, 
 his thoughts turned again to the lonely clearings and 
 the rude villages of the new West, and he set out 
 for missionary work in Ohio, where settlements were 
 beginning to straggle through the wilderness. Other 
 clergymen went to his aid; the diocese of Ohio was 
 organized ; he was chosen Bishop, and on a memory 
 day of the American Church, in February, 1819, he 
 was consecrated in Philadelphia by good old Bishop 
 White and three other American Bishops, and be- 
 came the first Bishop of the great advance of the 
 American Church. 
 
 Bishop Chase, though now a leader, was still the 
 self-sacrificing missionarv, and from his rude log-
 
 OF THE CHURCH IN AilERICA 07 
 
 rahin honie^ the first "Episcopal palace" ol' Ohio, 
 he travelled huudreds of miles yearly, through burn- 
 ing suns and drenching rains, visiting his scattered 
 flock. ]\Ieantinie, he lived in great poverty, cutting 
 and Iiauling his own wood and thrashing his grain. 
 The ignorance and wickedness of the settlements 
 pressed heavily on him, and by great efforts he col- 
 lected from friends of the work money to buy land, 
 on which he built Kenyon College and the village 
 of Gambler. Rising at three o'clock in the morning, 
 he directed the work himself, and soon had students 
 gathered in his college. 
 
 The young men were trained for the especial work 
 of missionaries for the West. They rose very early, 
 and, provided M'ith books and simple food, they went 
 out silently through the ancient forest of tall trees, 
 oak, hickory, maple, sycamore, walnut, chestnut, with 
 the wild vine gracefully festooned over their branches. 
 They passed clearings where cattle fed upon the rich 
 grass about a log-cabin; passed the rude mill upon a 
 stream, stopping to talk with the miller and interest 
 him in the Church and accept his loan of a horse 
 to help them on, and in another hour came to a log- 
 cabin village with a schoolhouse, around which was 
 built a rustic arbor of green branches. Here the 
 village children were gathered, with now and then 
 their parents. The student missionaries gave out a 
 hymn and knelt to pray, repeating the service from 
 memory, with a regard for the untrained people who
 
 98 SOME MEMOPxY DAYS 
 
 would turn away if they saw a Prayer Book; and 
 then, after instructing the children, the teachers 
 would begin their journey home, unless, as some- 
 times happened, a poor man would beg them to tell 
 him more about the Church, and would take them 
 to his cabin and give them a good dinner of chicken, 
 hot bread, apple-pie, and milk. 
 
 On their homeward way, they would find waiting, 
 under a great tree by a stream, another congrega- 
 tion, and there in the forest would be said the same 
 prayers of the Church which were being said in the 
 grand minsters of England. One place of worship 
 was an orchard with its apple and peach blossoms 
 filling the air with perfume, and with the Com- 
 munion Table in its snowy linen standing on the 
 green grass beneath the trees. After their long day 
 of missionary work, the weary students walked home 
 through the dark shadows of the woods in which the 
 little lamps of the fireflies glistened. In this way 
 the Gospel reached the lonely homes of the pioneers, 
 and by and by straggling parishes and a great, though 
 poor, diocese were formed. 
 
 Meantime, work was begun among the Indians. 
 In 1815 the attention of Bishop Hobart was called 
 to the Oneidas, of whom four thousand were settled 
 on a reservation in ISTew York. The Bishop, trying 
 to find a man to go to them in a spirit of Christian 
 love, was guided to one of their own blood, Eleazar 
 Williams, who had received a Christian education and
 
 OF THE CHUECH IX AMERICA 99 
 
 could speak to his people in their own tongue. Years 
 before, in an attack of the Indians on the Massa- 
 chusetts village, Deerfield, they had carried away the 
 wife and children of the minister. One of the daugh- 
 ters married an Indian, and it was her son who was 
 now to carry the good news of God to his own 
 brethren of the forest, going first as a teacher and 
 carrying the Gospels and Psalms translated into the 
 Oneida tongue. 
 
 God gave great blessings to his labors, as we may 
 see from some letters sent to the Bishop by a Chris- 
 tian Indian. "Eight Reverend Father," he wrote, 
 "we rejoice and give thanks for the favor you have 
 l)estowed on our nation in sending Brother Williams 
 to instruct us in the religion of the blessed Jesus. 
 He shall remain in our hearts so long as he shall 
 teach us the ways of the Great Spirit above. A great 
 light has risen on us; we see that the Christian re- 
 ligion is intended for the good of the Indians as 
 well as the white people, and we feel that the re- 
 ligion of the Gospel will make us happy in this world 
 and in the world to come. We have assisted our 
 Brother all that was in our power; you know he has 
 lived very poor, and we wish to do something for 
 him, but we cannot now, for we have just raised be- 
 tween three and four thousand dollars for a little 
 chapel. We intreat you as the head of the holy 
 apostolic Church in this state to take special charge
 
 100 SOME MEMORY DAYS 
 
 of us; we are iguoraiii, mean, and poor, and need 
 your assistance.'' 
 
 In 1818 Bisliop Hobart made liis lirst visit to 
 his Indian children in their iiome of open pastures 
 and deep forests, wliere there were no roads except 
 narrow paths, and where the rude but sometimes 
 neat houses Avere scattered about in the full sunshine 
 or in the shades of the woods. With those who 
 flocked about their Bishop came one old Mohawk 
 warrior, who, among heathen companions for fifty 
 years, had been true to the Christian faith in which 
 he had been baptized by an English missionary, when 
 the United States were still colonies of England. 
 Mr. Williams, being acquainted with the language, 
 customs, and disposition of the Oneidas, had been 
 able to interest them in the Prayer Book in their 
 own language, and by it to teach them the ritual 
 of the Church : and the Bishop found that they made 
 the responses with understanding and chanted the 
 h}Tnns with fervor. At the confirmation, the eighty- 
 nine prepared by Mr. AVilliams received the apostolic 
 laying-on of hands wnth grateful humility and sliared 
 in the Holy Communion with loving devotion. 
 
 In the South as well as in the ISTorth, faithful lay- 
 men and clergymen were carrying the seed of the 
 Church farther and farther Avest. In Kentucky the 
 prayers of tlie Church were heard long before the 
 state had parishes or a diocese. Near the state line 
 there stood for many years, upon a plain of fine
 
 OF THE CHURCH IN AMERICA 101 
 
 white clover, a uoble elm with large branches ex- 
 tending regularly in all directions from its massive 
 trunk, making a green circular roof above the greens- 
 ward below, where on Sundays some two hundred 
 persons used to gather to worship God in this church 
 of living emerald, wrought by His hand and called 
 the Divine tree. In 1830 Kentucky welcomed 
 Bishop Smith, its first Bishop, and afterward Pre- 
 siding Bishop of the American Church. 
 
 The pioneer priest of Tennessee was James Otey, 
 who was brought to the knowledge of the Church by 
 reading the Prayer Book. Going first to the state 
 as a teacher, he was moved by the spiritual need of 
 tlie people to combine his ministry Avith his school- 
 work. x4fter a week of hard labor, teaching the whole 
 round of primary and academic studies, and prepar- 
 ing his sermons by the light of a tallow dip late at 
 night, he served two parishes on Sunday, travelling 
 between these, eighteen miles, on horseback. In ISSi 
 this pioneer priest became the first Bishop of the state, 
 and such were his zeal and success that he was soon 
 appointed Provisional Bisliop of ]\Iississippi and 
 Florida, and Missionary Bishop of Arkansas, Louisi- 
 ana, and the Indian Territory. Years of continuous 
 toil, exposed to the hardsliips and dangers of long 
 borseback journeys in an unsettled country, broke tlie 
 brave Bishop's health, but in the delirium of sick- 
 ness his mind was fixed on liis Iiigli and holy work, 
 ;ind be would pray, "Let me go to the people, tliey
 
 102 SOME MEMORY DAYS 
 
 are iDerishing for the Bread of Life." The Church 
 of the great Soiitliwest stands to-day as the memorial 
 of this mail's devoted labor and the answer to his 
 prayers. 
 
 Into the territory of Minnesota, witli almost tlie 
 first immigrants from the East, had gone that apos- 
 tolic man, who, after founding Nashotah in Wis- 
 consin, sought new work in a fresh field and laid 
 the foundation of the Church, the schools, the mis- 
 sion work among the Indians, and the diocese, which 
 are now a witness to the faith and love of James L. 
 Breck. The Chaplain at Fort Snelling, the loved 
 Father Gear, had already given the first English ser- 
 vice in Minnesota, but the real work of the Church 
 was not begun until the year 1850, when, on tlie 
 memory day which was the Feast of St. John the 
 Baptist, Mr. Breck with three loyal associates organ- 
 ized tlie mission for Minnesota, kneeling together in 
 the celel^ration of the Holy Communion beneath a 
 spreading elm, and there offering to God their ''body, 
 spirit, and soul.'" There followed long journeys on 
 foot and services in the shadow of a great rock on a 
 lilufP overlooking the Mississippi, in the forest, on the 
 prairies, in the rude huts of the settlers, or in school- 
 houses. 
 
 In these years the people of the Church in the 
 East began to look with anxious thought at the many 
 people settling rapidly in Kentucky, Tennessee, Mis- 
 souri, and the otlier states of the ]\Iiddle ^Yest, and to
 
 i;i;\'. .iA.\ii:s l.l,(l^ll r.inicK. 
 
 [PioncLT FouudiT in W'iscuiisin ;iii<l .Mininsot.i. J
 
 r.isiior ki;mi'i:i;. 
 
 [First Missionary I'.islmi) in Hh' Crciit Xortliwist. |
 
 OF THE CHL-RCII IX AMERICA 103 
 
 see that it depended ujoon them and their children 
 to save America for Christ, and to send out shepherds 
 to seek the wandering flocks; and the Cliurch began 
 to push westward with tlie company of innnigrants 
 and the advancing frontier line. Accordingly, on 
 September 25, 1835, the Rev. Jackson Kemper was 
 consecrated Bishop for the West and sent out to find 
 and lead the ignorant who did not know the name 
 of the Lord. The aged Bishop White, the apostle 
 of love, had the joy of laying his hands in consecra- 
 tion upon this Missionary Bishop, forty-eight years 
 after he had received in Lambeth Chapel the apostolic 
 gift from the English primate. Bishop Kemper, wise 
 and courteous, unwearied in effort and unsparing of 
 his strength, went to his great field as a witness for 
 Christ and the Church, following the scattered set- 
 tlers into the wilderness, and carrying the message 
 of the Gospel to the red Indians. 
 
 Thus, as the army of pioneers marched on and 
 on to the sunset, with them Avent loyal sons of the 
 Chnrcli, planting the seed of the old Faith by the 
 rolling rivers and great lakes of the continent, upon 
 the alnjost boundless wheat and corn fields of Kansas 
 and Dakota, beyond the snow-crowned mountains of 
 Colorado, in the wild mining cami)s of Idaho and 
 Montana and the other states and t('rril()ri(?s. \\'licn 
 Die discovery of gold drew restless adventurers from 
 many lands to California, wlicro law was scarcely 
 heeded and evervtliinu' was swallowed np in the liastc
 
 104 SOME MEMORY DAYS 
 
 to become rich, into the mad excitement was sent the 
 first Bishop of that diocese to carry the peace of 
 God. On a Sunday in July, 1849, Divine service 
 was celebrated in the home of John Merrill in San 
 Francisco, and the parish of Holy Trinity was organ- 
 ized, and in the same year a church was built. 
 
 Dr. Kip, of Albany, was consecrated Bishop of 
 California in Trinity Church, New York, on the 
 Feast of SS. Simon and Jude, 1853. After a stormy 
 morning, during the Communion service the clouds 
 broke, and a gleam of sunshine fell upon the altar; 
 one present said that so the Church in California, 
 with a beginning of gloom, had the promise that the 
 Sun of Eighteousness would shine upon the land 
 and bring forth fruit from it. 
 
 In 1851 the Rev. William Eichmond was appoint- 
 ed missionary to Oregon; and at his farewell ser- 
 vice, in St. Bartholomew's Church in New York, was 
 read an ode by Martin Tupper, beginning with these 
 words : 
 
 "Push on to earth's extremest verge, 
 And plant the Gospel there; 
 Till wild Pacific's angry surge 
 
 Is soothed by Christian prayer. 
 Advance the standard, conquering van, 
 
 And urge the triumph on. 
 In zeal for God and love for man. 
 To distant Oregon." 
 
 Mr. Richmond, with the devoted missionaries, St. 
 Michael Fackler and John McCarty, a former army 
 chaplain, did valiant and self-sacrificing work in their
 
 OF THE CHURCH IX AMERICA 105 
 
 field, travelling widely through the forests aud over 
 the wide plains of Oregon, Idalio, and Washington. 
 
 In 18GG, Bishop Tnttle was sent to the newly- 
 formed missionary district of Montana, Idaho, and 
 Utah, and we are told that "^'in the mining country 
 of Montana, the simple explanations and loving iu- 
 \itation of the missionary won people of all Christian 
 names to join gladly in tiiat prayer whicli is com- 
 mon to minister and congregation : aud the dignity 
 of the holy worship of the Church, the strength of 
 her historic position, and the power of her Divine na- 
 ture rendered her fit to do lasting work for the 
 Master." 
 
 Hero-stories might he told of many brave, devoted 
 pioneers who patiently and persistently sowed tiie 
 seed of the Church through the western land until, 
 in about sixty years from the days when Samuel 
 Gunn and the other first missionaries turned their 
 faces toward the sunset, the banner of the Laml) had 
 been cai'ried across the continent, and the same 
 Church, once planted at Jamestown and on the At- 
 lantic shores, was also planted where the green, foam- 
 crested waves of the Pacifit- roll up on the western 
 coast of the great Eepublic.
 
 XII. 
 
 The Missionary Church. 
 
 We have seen how, from the very first, among 
 our English forefathers in this land, there were those 
 who came here with all their hearts desiring to widen 
 the borders of Christ's Church and to carry His Gos- 
 pel to those who knew Him not; and we have seen 
 how the American Church, as soon as she received the 
 apostolic gift and had her own chief shepherds, the 
 Bishops, began in her turn to go out into the wilder- 
 ness after the wandering sheep of the Good Shep- 
 herd, and to do for the new settlements in the ever- 
 widening borders something of what had been done 
 for her by her benefactor, the venerable Society for 
 the Propagation of the Gospel. Soon, also, came the 
 desire to the Church to spread the good news in the 
 world outside the country, as indeed was necessary, 
 for the soul of Christianity is missionary, progressive, 
 and world-embracing; and at a meeting held in St. 
 James' Church, in Philadelphia, presided over by 
 Bishop White, on a memory da}^ November 21, 1831, 
 the Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society of the 
 Chnrcli was organized. The people of the (Mmrcli
 
 OF THE CHURCH IN AMERICA IDT 
 
 everywhere were deeply interested, aud auxiliary so- 
 cieties sprang up all over the land. 
 
 In 1822, Ephraim Bacon and his M'ife were ap- 
 pointed catechists to Africa, but they could not find 
 a passage to that country, so that they were foreign 
 missionaries in will only. A little later, the Eev. 
 Norman Xash was appointed missionary to the In- 
 dians at Green Bay, Wis. ; and on October 1, 1830, 
 the first foreign missionaries sent out by the Ameri- 
 can Church set sail for Greece. These were the Eev. 
 Dr. Eobertson and his wife, the Eev. Mr. Hill and 
 his wife, and Solomon Bingham, a printer. Next, 
 the needs of China were recognized, and the death of 
 Augustus Lyde, the first young man who eagerly of- 
 fered himself for this field, did perhaps more for 
 the cause he loved than his life would have done. 
 His early death roused great sympathy throughout 
 the Church, aud great interest in the land to which 
 he had dedicated himself, and in 183-1 the Eev. Henry 
 Lockwood was appointed missionary to China. 
 
 In organizing the missionary work of the Church, 
 Bishop Doane of New Jersey did noble service; and 
 lie and his associates first declared that principle 
 which is now^ one of the missionary watchwords of the 
 Church in America. One day, in 1835, when Bishops 
 Doane and Mcllvaine and Dr. Milnor, a committee 
 of the directors of the ]\Iissionary Society, came to- 
 gether, Bishop Doane and Dr. Milnor almost at once 
 proposed reporting that ihe Church is the Missionary
 
 108 SOME MEilORY DAYS 
 
 Societij; \vliereapon Bishop Mcllvaiue exclaimed that 
 this was the very plan he Avas going to speak of in 
 his sermon that da}'. Thus it was that in the Gen- 
 eral Convention of 1835, the great Army of the Bap- 
 tized was incorporated into the Missionary Army of 
 the Church, since, as Bishop Doane showed, this was 
 a part of the original constitution of the Church by 
 the plan of her Divine Head, and the duty of preach- 
 ing the Gospel to every creature was placed on every 
 Christian in his baptismal vow. The Board of Mis- 
 sions became the agent of the Church; and the Do- 
 mestic and Foreign Missionary Committees were the 
 two hands reaching out into the world to carry the 
 Gospel. Then and there the Church in America 
 placed herself before the world as a Missionary 
 Church, with her Bishops as apostles, her clergy as 
 evangelists, and her baptized members as enlisted 
 helpers, to do all in their power to hasten the coining 
 of the Kingdom of the King of all nations. 
 
 We should consider briefly the present work of 
 this Missionary Church in this year of memory days, 
 as we look back to Jamestown and the tiny band of 
 worshippers on the margin of the unknown continent, 
 where in no other place were heard the words of the 
 English Prayer Book, and then at the home Church 
 of to-day in her strength and beauty, 'with great num- 
 bers of splendid as well as simple houses of worship, 
 schools, colleges, divinity-schools, hospitals, and char- 
 ital)le homes of many kinds for the relief of the poor
 
 (;i:(»K<ii: \VASiiJ.\(;'r«).\ doanli 
 [New Jersey.]
 
 UF THE CHURCH IX .UlERICA 10'.) 
 
 and ssuffering, ami lier aniiy oi' Bishops and other 
 clergy and baptized lay people, all in a great measure 
 the result of the missionary labors of the faithful in 
 the days Ijefore our day. The Domestic or home mis- 
 sion work of the American Church is carried on by 
 twenty-one missionary Bishops with about 1,13(» 
 other workers, and for this part of her enterprise the 
 Church gave last year more than $762,000. 
 
 We should have a wonderful sight-seeing tour, if 
 for one day we could travel with the sun, and look 
 at the home missions of the American Church. We 
 might begin our tour among the lovely forests and 
 hills of Porto Eico, where the dark-eyed Spanish- 
 speaking children would be going through the bright 
 flowering thickets to the American schools and 
 churches. Then we should fly across the blue sea- 
 water to Florida, to see the colored children gathered 
 in the schools, and the suffering Indians going from 
 their wretched homes in the Everglades to the hospi- 
 tal for healing. Then, to the southern hill country, 
 where, from many lonely mountain cabins, boys and 
 girls, eager to learn, walk long miles to our schools 
 and Sunday schools. Then, swiftly toward tlie West, 
 where many earnest men and women are lovingly 
 working, sent by the Church to Indian reservations, 
 dreary mining camps, desolate sage-brush plains, and 
 widely-scattered farm homes on the great prairies. 
 
 On and on we should go, across snow-covered 
 mountains, to sail along the glittering glacier-fringed
 
 110 SO.ME MEMORY DAYS 
 
 shore of the Pacific northward, to see our little round- 
 faced Alaskan wards and the white and Indian pa- 
 tients in the hospitals. We should take a peep at our 
 missionary toiling cheerily at lonely Point Hope, and 
 Bishop Eowe and his brave helpers ministering 
 through the grim Alaskan winter, and making the 
 people understand ''that they are for the Church, the 
 Church is for the people, and the people are all who 
 fare over the trail." Then we sail out again on the 
 Pacific, this time to visit the girls in the Priory 
 School in Honolulu among the lovely flowers, and 
 the other school children, native, Chinese, and Jap- 
 anese; then on again, to the Philippines, with all the 
 varied work that we should like to linger over, the 
 work among the English-speaking people, the Chris- 
 tian Filipinos, the Chinese, and the pagans. 
 
 fStill travelling on with the sun, we should come to 
 other mission fields of tlie American Church, in lands 
 over which the flag of the great Republic does not 
 float, in districts under the care of nine missionary 
 Bishops and hundreds of American and native help- 
 ers. In China we might see our brothers and sisters 
 of the yellow race gathering in some seventy-five 
 places of worship maintained by the American 
 Church. We should like to linger in the strange 
 walled cities with their thronging multitudes of peo- 
 ple, so different in face and dress and customs from 
 those whom we generally see; we should like to look 
 at the earnest young men of Boone College and St.
 
 liisiioi- liOMNi:. sit. 
 
 I I'iiii r r.islKjp ill ( 'liiii.-i.
 
 I'.ISIIOI' CIIAWIXG MOOUK WILLIAMS 
 Ll'ionuer Hisliop in Japan. J
 
 OF THE CHURCH IN AMERICA 111 
 
 John's Universit}^ students of arts and science, of 
 medicine and of theology ; and the girls of St. Mary's 
 Hall, learning to love study so well that some of them 
 are looking forward to further study in America ; and 
 the happy little ones in St. Mary's Orphanage; and 
 the thoughtful women in the Church Training 
 schools, studying the Bible and Prayer Book that they 
 may in turn teach these to their own people. We 
 should like to see the nearly 25,000 people who in a 
 year go for health and healing to St. Luke's Hospital, 
 and the other thousands at St. Elizabeth's, St. Peter's, 
 St. James', the Elizabeth Bunn, and the various dis- 
 pensaries. 
 
 In Japan, with its millions ol earnest, intelligent 
 people, we should find other groups of schools and 
 hospitals; the Divinity school in Tokyo, St. Paul's 
 College, St. Margaret's, St. Agnes', and the other 
 schools, and Holy Trinity Orphanage. We should 
 see Trinity Cathedral, and some eighty-seven places 
 where God is worshipped in the prayers and praises 
 of the Prayer Book which we love; and we should 
 see thousands of sick skilfully cared for in another 
 St. Luke's Hospital, and other tliousands of out-pa- 
 tients, and still other thousands cared for at St. Bar- 
 nabas' and St. Peter's. And we should see the cate- 
 chists and Bible-women going from house and house 
 among the people, and teaching them, one by one. 
 
 Then, travelling over tlic vast distances of Asia 
 and the lionrt of tlic dnvk conliiioiit. we slunild come
 
 112 SOME MEMORY DAYS 
 
 to the Cape Palmas district, where the African boj^s 
 and girls are gathered in schools, and where the dark- 
 skinned men and women are humbly worshipping 
 God and serving Him in our sixt3'-one mission sta- 
 tions; while the children of some whom our earliest 
 missionaries found in darkest heathenism and bar- 
 barism are teaching Christ to their own people. Sail- 
 ing away from Africa across the xVtlantic, we should 
 come to other African children in the Sunday schools 
 and churches of Haiti. And then we should see Cuba 
 with its patient, persevering missionaries minister- 
 ing to English-speaking, French-speaking, and Span- 
 ish-speaking congregations. Still travelling Avest, Ave 
 should come again to America, and see the sixty-one 
 congregations in care of the Church in Mexico, and 
 the beginning work of the Church in the Panama 
 Canal Zone ; and soutli of the equator, Ave should find 
 the great mission field of Brazil, Avith its numerous 
 mission stations, its theological school, and its beau- 
 tiful churches built in a large part by the people of 
 the land. For in all these foreign lands the Ameri- 
 can Church is trying to plant the seed of the old 
 Faith and to bring the different peoples Avithiu tlie 
 sound of the Good Shepherd's voice. 
 
 We may not thus travel with the sun to see the 
 Church at Avork in many lands, Itut from month to 
 month, in Tlie Spirit of Missions and in the Church 
 press, we really do see true ]:)ictures of that work- 
 drawn l)y the pens of tlio ri)issi(Mi woi-kcrs. and failli-
 
 OF THE CHURCH IN AMERICA 113 
 
 fully printed by the suii that daily visits every part 
 of the missionary field. We see also pictures of 
 places where work ought to be done, but is not yet; 
 and as we see these, we seem to hear the pleading- 
 call that our Missionary Bishops in the home and 
 foreign fields are always hearing and repeating to us, 
 the call of many nations, saying by their needs, 
 "Come, help us also; for we are yours, and you are 
 Gods." 
 
 To the General Convention of 1880 in Xew York 
 came the Missionary Bishops from the home and 
 foreign fields and the Bishops of the western dibceses 
 into which people from many foreign lands were 
 pouring, and the Church, stirred by the appeals of 
 these devoted and enthusiastic men, awoke to a 
 greater desire to become the Church of the people, and 
 entered with greater vigor into the work of missions 
 and so became a more earnestly living and giving 
 Church, and began to grow in every way more rap- 
 idly, with added numbers, greater charities, and 
 deeper spiritual life. 
 
 The General Cou\cntion of I880, marking the 
 end of the hundred years of laying the foundations 
 of the Church in America, met in old Christ Church. 
 Philadelphia, where the General Convention first took 
 form, where the Eev. George Keith, the first mission- 
 ary of the S. P. G., preached again and again, draw- 
 ing back many to the old Faith, where the nolilc 
 ^Vashington wt)i'slii[)|KMl. nnd (he siiiiitly r)isli(i[i
 
 114 SOME MEMORY DAYS 
 
 White was baptized and ministered as priest and 
 Bishop. To that Convention the venerable Bishop 
 Clark, of Rhode Island, told the thrilling history of 
 the Church in America, and reminded the people 
 that this Chnrch, linked to the past b}^ ties that can 
 never be broken and in full sympathy with the pres- 
 ent, was called to do a greater work than ever before 
 in this land and in other lands in the century to 
 come, this twentieth century of ours. 
 
 The Church whose foundations were laid by the 
 few Englishmen who knelt before God in the James- 
 town forest, now covers a territory more than double 
 the size of the great Roman Empire, and the faithful 
 members of that Church have it for their duty and 
 joy to hand on to ages to come the gifts that, given 
 to them, have made the Church in America what she 
 is to-day. Even so will our dear Church remain a 
 Living Church, for it is a law of the Kingdom of 
 God that power must not spend itself within, but 
 must bear fruit without; the fountain upspringing 
 sends its pure, sparkling water away in a clear stream 
 to bless other lands. So it has always been in the 
 Church, which, like her Divine Master, has gone 
 abroad, teaching the ignorant, healing the sick, and 
 calling strangers and wanderers home to God ; ahvays 
 praying Him to send forth laborers into His harvest, 
 and waiting on Him while He gives wisdom and 
 courage nnrl tlie gift of tlie Holy Sjiirit. tlmt most ex-
 
 OF THE CHURCH IN AMERICA 115 
 
 cellent gift of love which lias inspired her to become 
 a Missionary Church. 
 
 In a special way, this Church is fitted for her 
 high calling to go into all lands, since she is quite 
 separated from the state, and free to send out Bishops 
 at need, while she has in her membership the Anglo- 
 Saxon race with its energy and that love of adventure 
 which longs to go out into all quarters of the world. 
 And because of this high station of the Church in 
 America, she has high responsibility, and is called to 
 noble self-sacrifice and labor. "We are in trust of 
 the Gospel for the people of the many nations at 
 our doors and in other lands: the white man, the 
 black man, the red man, the yellow man, the brown 
 man; for nothing is foreign to the Church that be- 
 longs to humanity, and that carries on the work of 
 Christ who lived in the world and worked for the 
 world. Prayers and alms and lives are demanded 
 without limit for the missionary work of tlie Ameri- 
 can Church which she sees waiting to be done, as she 
 looks from Maine to Florida, from ^Mexico to Alaska, 
 to China, Japan, Africa, South America, and the 
 Islands of t»e sea ; while, at the same time, she looks 
 upward and hears the marching orders of her Cap- 
 tain, and the Voice from Heaven, saying, "Go for- 
 ward." 
 
 Is it not a glorious vocation — this of the apos- 
 tolic Church in America, and of all her children ; 
 lliis (-jtll to go on nnd on. Icadiiii;' (he nations of the
 
 116 SOME MEMORY DAYS 
 
 world to listen to and obey the voice of the Good 
 Shepherd; to go on and on, until the many peoples 
 shall all be the people of God and of His Chris-t, and 
 the Church Militant of the earth resting from her 
 labors, shall be the Church Triumphant in the beauty 
 of holiness, still forevermore serving her Lord and 
 her God?
 
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