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 1919 jB '7'""^ nb6 71^ rtrarjo 
 
 MAIN 
 
 CERNIM I^ GERMAN RELATIVES AFTER 
 
 i\EUTER SUBSTANTIVIZED ADJECTIVES, 
 
 FRONOUNS,OR ANTECEDENT CLAUSE, 
 
 AND CONCERNING THE GERMAN 
 
 INDEFINITE RELATIVES IN 
 
 EIGHTEENTH CENTURY 
 
 PROSE 
 
 A DISSERTATION 
 
 SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY 
 
 OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ARTS AND LITERATURE 
 
 IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF 
 
 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY 
 
 DEPAr-lUENT OF GERMANli- LANGUAGES 
 AND LITERATURK 
 
 BY 
 
 JOSEPH EMANUEL ALEXANDER ALEXIS 
 
 Private Edition, Distributed by 
 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO LIBRARIES 
 CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 
 1919 
 
EXCHANGE 
 
 Jj 
 
©lyr ImtJprHity of (Elyirago 
 
 CONCERNING I2£ GERMAN RELATIVES AFTER 
 
 NEUTER SUBSTANTIVIZED ADJECTIVES, 
 
 PRONOUNS,OR ANTECEDENT CLAUSE, 
 
 AND CONCERNING THE GERMAN 
 
 INDEFINITE RELATIVES IN 
 
 EIGHTEENTH CENTURY 
 
 PROSE 
 
 A DISSERTATION 
 
 SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY 
 
 OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ARTS AND LITERATURE 
 
 IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF 
 
 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF GERMANIC LANGUAGES 
 AND LITERATUEIE 
 
 BY 
 
 JOSEPH EMANUEL ALEXANDER ALEXIS 
 
 Private Edition, Distributed by 
 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO LIBRARIES 
 CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 
 1919 
 
0I1{( CaUmgimt* |lrau 
 
 GEORGE BA>rrA PUBLISHING COMPANY 
 MENASHA. WISCONSIN 
 

 TO 
 
 THE MEMORY 
 
 OF 
 
 MY FATHER 
 
 405930 
 
co^^^ENTS 
 
 PAGE 
 
 vii 
 
 Introduction 
 
 vu 
 
 I. Aim of the Dissertation 
 
 II Critical Works Used for Reference 
 
 J Vll 
 
 III. Material Investigated 
 
 IX 
 
 IV. Method of Procedure 
 
 1 
 
 Discussion ^ 
 
 I. Survey of Current Doctrine 
 
 The Relative after Neuter Substantivized Adjectives 
 
 The Relative after Pronominal Antecedents 
 
 The Relative after a Sentence or Phrase 
 
 6 
 The Indefinite Relatives 
 
 Q 
 
 II. Survey of Results of the Investigation 
 
 The Relative after Neuter Substantivized Adjectives 
 
 The Relative after Pronominal Antecedents 
 
 The Relative after a Sentence or Phrase 
 
 The Indefinite Relatives 
 
 . . .. 12 
 
 III. Conclusions of the Investigation 
 
 The Relative after Neuter Substantivized Adjectives 
 
 The Relative after Pronominal Antecedents 
 
 The Relative after a Sentence or Phrase 
 
 The Indefinite Relatives 
 
 19 
 
 Examples ^^ 
 
 Tables of Occurrences 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 I. AIM OF THE DISSERTATION 
 
 The aim of this dissertation is to test the current doctrines in regard 
 to the use of relative pronouns after neuter substantivized adjectives, 
 demonstrative, indefinite, and personal pronouns, and after a sentence 
 or phrase used as antecedent, with an investigation into the prevailing 
 doctrine regarding the indefinite relatives. A further aim of this in- 
 vestigation will be to determine, if possible, the exact usage of the relative 
 after such antecedents as have been mentioned above. The period cov- 
 ered is the eighteenth century, though two earlier authors, Abraham de 
 Sta Clara and Grimmelshausen, are added to throw additional light on 
 the development, if any, that has been going on. The earUest editions 
 available have been made use of. 
 
 II. CRITICAL WORKS USED FOR REFERENCE 
 
 Andresen, K. G., 
 
 Sprachgebrauch und Sprachrichtigkeit im Deutschen. Neunte, neu 
 
 durchgesehene Aufi., Leipzig 1903. 
 CuRME, George O., 
 
 A Grammar of the German Language. New York 1905. 
 Cutting, Starr Willard, 
 
 Concerning the Modern German Relatives, "das" and "was," in 
 
 Clauses Dependent upon Substantivized Adjectives. Chicago 1903. 
 Erdmann, Oskar, 
 
 Grundziige der deutschen Syntax nach ihrer geschichtHchen Ent- 
 
 wicklung. Vol. I. Stuttgart 1886. 
 Sutterlin, Ludwig, 
 
 Deutsche Sprache der Gegenwart. Leipzig 1900. 
 Wunderlich, Hermann, 
 
 Der deutsche Satzbau. Zweite, vollstandig umgearbeitete Aufl. 
 
 ZweiterBand. Stuttgart 1901. 
 
 III. material investigated 
 
 (P) Abraham, a S. Clara, 
 Narren-Nest in drey Theil. 
 Ersther Theil 3. Aufl. Wienn 1753. 144 pp. 
 Zweyter Theil 2. Aufl. Wienn 1751. 212 pp. 
 Dritter Theil 3. Aufl. Wienn 1753. 244 pp. 
 
 Total 600 pp. 
 
BODMER, JOHANN JaCOB, 
 
 Die Discourse der Mahlern (Zweyter Theil). Zlirch 1722. 200 pp. 
 
 Critische Betrachtungen iiber die Poetischen Gemiihlde der Dichter. 
 
 Zurich 1741. 298 pp. Total 498 pp. 
 
 Breitinger, Joiiaxx Jacob, 
 
 Dichtkunst. Zurich 1740. Total 502 pp. 
 Engel, J. J., 
 
 Der Philosoph fiir die Welt. Erster Theil. Berlin 1801. 369 pp. 
 
 Herr Lorenz Stark, in Deutsche National-Litteratur Historisch krit- 
 
 ische Ausgabe. Berlin und Stuttgart. 131 pp. 
 
 Total 500 pp. 
 
 FiCHTE, JOHANN GOTTLIEB, 
 
 Grundlage der gesamten Wissenschaftslehre. Leipzig 1794. 221 pp. 
 Die Bestimmung des Menschen. Berlin 1800. 339 pp. 
 
 Total 560 pp. 
 Gellert, C. F., 
 
 Sammtliche Schrif ten (Funfter Theil). Leipzig 1784. 282 pp. 
 Leben der Schwedischen Grafinn von G " ". Leipzig 1784. 206 pp. 
 
 Total 488 pp. 
 Goethe, J. W., 
 
 Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre, in Goethes Werke. Vollstandige 
 Ausgabe letzter Hand. Bd. 17-18. Stuttgart und Tubingen 1828. 
 323 pp. 
 
 Dichtung und Wahrheit, in Goethes Werke. Vollstandige Ausgabe 
 letzter Hand. Bd. 23-24. Stuttgart und Tubingen 1828. 339 pp. 
 
 Total 662 pp. 
 
 GOTTSCHED, JOHANN CrISTOPH, 
 
 Versuch einer Critischen Dichtkunst fiir die Deutschen. Zweyte und 
 verbesserte Aufl. Leipzig 1737. 
 
 Total 682 pp. 
 Grimmelshausen, H. J. Chr., 
 
 Der abenteuerliche SimpHcissimus. Abdruck der altesten Original- 
 ausgabe 1669. Halle a/S 1880. 
 
 Total 286 pp. 
 Hagedorn, C. L. v., 
 
 Betrachtungen iiber die Mahlerey. Erster Theil. Leipzig 1762. 
 
 Total 508 pp. 
 Haller, Albrecht von, 
 
 Briefe iiber die wichtigsten Wahrheiten der Offenbarung. Dritte 
 verbesserte Aufl. Reuttlingen 1782. 200 pp. 
 Alfred, Konig der Angel-Sachsen. ReuttUngen 1783. 218 pp. 
 Fabius und Cato. Reuttlingen 1783. 94 pp. 
 
 Total 512 pp. 
 
Herder, J. G., 
 
 Kritische Walder oder Betrachtungen die Wissenschaft und Kunst 
 
 des Schonen betreffend 1769. Erstes Wiildchen. 277 pp. Zweites 
 
 Wiildchen. 263 pp. 
 
 Zerstreute Blatter. Zweite Sammlung. Gotha 1786. Anmerkung- 
 
 en liber das griechische Epigramm. 68 pp. 
 
 Total 608 pp. 
 Lessing, G. E., 
 
 Laokoon, in Deutsche National-Litteratur. Historisch kritische 
 
 Ausgabe. Berlin und Stuttgart. 172 pp. 
 
 Miss Sara Sampson. Reuttlingen 1780. 178 pp. 
 
 Philotas. Reuttlingen 1780. 50 pp. 
 
 Emilia Galotti. Reuttlingen 1780. 151pp. 
 
 Total 551 pp. 
 Rabener, Gottlieb W., 
 
 Briefe. Leipzig 1772. 
 
 Total 304 pp. 
 
 WiELAND, ChRISTOPH MaRTIN, 
 
 Geschichte des Agathon. Frankfurt und Leipzig 1766. Band I. 
 390 pp. BandlL 115 pp. 
 
 Total 505 pp. 
 
 IV. METHOD OF PROCEDURE 
 
 After selecting the above mentioned authors, who seem representative 
 of German style in the period under investigation, and the works listed 
 above, the usage of each author was ascertained by noting every occur- 
 rence of the relative in instances called for by the subject of the disserta- 
 tion. The genitive case of the relative was left out of the reckoning, 
 since practically nothing but a form of der could be used for this case. 
 About an equal amount of material was covered in the case of each author, 
 as the number of pages will indicate. It appeared that the results 
 naturally arranged themselves in some kind of order and that there was 
 agreement among the authors along certain well defined lines. A glance 
 at the tables will show the way in which examples grouped themselves 
 and will also suggest whatever results may follow of the investigation 
 itself. 
 
 My heartfelt thanks are due Prof. Starr Willard Cutting, who by his 
 kind interest and valuable suggestions has been a constant source of 
 inspiration in my work. 
 
DISCUSSION 
 
 The results of the survey of current doctrine as well as of the findings 
 and conclusions of the investigation are tabulated under the following 
 rubrics: 
 
 A. The Relative after Neuter Substantivized Adjectives. 
 
 B. The Relative after Pronominal Antecedents. 
 
 1) Demonstratives. 
 
 a) MascuUne or Feminine. 
 
 b) Neuter. 
 
 2) Indefinites. 
 
 a) Masculine or Feminine. 
 
 b) Neuter. 
 
 3) Personal Pronouns. 
 
 C. The Relative after a Sentence or Phrase. 
 
 D. The Indefinite Relatives. 
 
 I. Survey of Current Doctrine 
 
 The function of the pronoun is, as its name implies, to represent the 
 noun simply by noting its existence, as it were. It is therefore a very 
 helpful word and of great importance in the domain of correct speech. 
 Where there are several forms of the pronoun, it is important to dis- 
 criminate between them. 
 
 The two main characteristics of the relative clause in German are the 
 pronominal forms and the word order. In the latter respect the personal 
 pronoun differs from the relative. A personal pronoun is closely related 
 to the relative, but the word order of the sentence introduced by each 
 differs. 
 
 In an earher period personal pronouns suffice for the designation of 
 the relative clause (See Oskar Erdmann, Grundzuge der deutschen Syn- 
 tax, p. 49). Im Freisinger Katechismus: fater unser, du pist in himilum. 
 Similar constructions are found in Middle High German and in Luther. 
 
 The pronouns wer and was have in German as well as in related lan- 
 guages indefinite and interrogative meaning (See 0. Erdmann, Grimd- 
 ziige der deutschen Syntax, p. 51). 
 
2 GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 A. The Relative after X enter Substantivized Adjectives 
 
 Hermann Wunderlich (Der deutsche Satzbau, p. 301): "Neuerdings 
 ist dem adjektivischen welcher in dem Neutrum des substantivischen 
 Indefinitums ein Konkurrent entstanden. Wahrend sich friiher der 
 Gebrauch von was auf \'erbindungen wie alles was beschrankte, ist schon 
 Goethe geneigt, den Bereich der Verwendung auszudehnen: bei dem 
 hohen Lied, als dem Zartesten und Unnachahmlichsten, was uns von 
 Ausdruck leidenschaftlicher, anmuthiger Liebe zugekommen. " 
 
 K. G. Andresen (Sprachgebrauch und Sprachrichtigkeit im Deut- 
 schen, p. 310) : " Weit um sich gegriffen hat im heutigen Sprachgebrauche 
 zunachst die Vermischung der Pron. welches und was, deren genaueste 
 Sonderung ein unabweisbares Bediirfnis der Sprache ist. Freihch hat 
 sich 'was' als Relativ iiberhaupt eigenthch unbefugt eingedrangt, im 
 Gegensatz zu Sver', das sich niemals auf einen subst. Begriff beziehen 
 darf, da es selber nur substantivisch gebraucht werden kann. Es heisst: 
 jeder, der (nicht wer), aber: alles, was (kaum noch das, wie friiher); 
 dies Missverhaltnis lasst sich nicht mehr beseitigen, gilt vielmehr jetzt 
 als Regel. " 
 
 And on page 311 Andresen continues: "Wahrend 'was' auf die un- 
 bestimmten substantivischen Pronomina und Zahlworter bezogen wird, 
 sowie auf die subst. Adj. nach alien drei Komparationsstufen, z.B. 'Er 
 preiset das Hochste, das Beste, was das Herz sich wiinscht, was der Sinn 
 begehrt' (Schiller), ist diese Beziehung dem personlichen 'wer' untersagt. " 
 
 George 0. Curme (A Grammar of the German Language, p. 205): 
 "In the nom. and ace. relation was is usually employed under the fol- 
 lowing circumstances: If the antecedent is a word of general or indefinite 
 meaning, or expresses a collective idea, such as das, einiges, eins, etwas 
 (or was), solches, ein anderes, nichts, alles, mehreres, manches, vieles, aller- 
 hand, allerlei, das biszclien, wenig, &c., a neuter abstract noun or adjective- 
 substantive (das Schonc the beautiful, &c., especially a superlative, das 
 Beste), also a neut. noun denoting a material or a collective idea, provided 
 the reference is to an indefinite mass or amount. " 
 
 On page 206 of the same work Curme states: " Was often points to a 
 definite person or thing, the speaker at first intentionally making the 
 reference indefinite by the use of was, reserving the definite information 
 for the last part of the statement: Das erste, was ihnen hier begegnete, 
 war die Krligersfrau (Fontane's Vor dem Sturme). " 
 
 On page 211 Curme continues: "Was can have an antecedent, if 
 that antecedent be a word expressing an indef. general idea, such as an 
 
GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 3 
 
 indef. pronoun, a neut. pronoun, a neut. adjective used substantively, or 
 a thought contained in a whole sentence." 
 
 The results arrived at by Starr Willard Cutting (Concerning the 
 Modern German Relatives, "das" and "was," in Clauses Dependent 
 upon Substantivized Adjectives) are summarized as follows: 
 
 1. The generally accepted view of grammarians like Erdmann, Paul, 
 and Sanders, as to the preponderance of was over das after substantivized 
 adjectives in nineteenth-century German needs radical revision in view 
 of the facts. 
 
 2. The striking ratio of almost 4 to 1 in favor of das (welches) after 
 substantivized adjectives of the positive-comparative category proves 
 that here the generalized meaning of the adjective antecedent defeats 
 the author's particularizing intention far less frequently than in the 
 adjective group as a whole. Attention to the relation of individual writ- 
 ers to these statistics suggests a correspondence of cause and effect be- 
 tween the critical, analytic habit of mind and a strong preference for the 
 relative das (welches). 
 
 3. The ratio of was to das after the superlative category as antece- 
 dent is convincing, and would probably remain substantially the same 
 were the investigation extended indefinitely to other stylists of repute. 
 In view of the facts just expressed, it appears to register the chief gain 
 made by was over das, as relative after adjective antecedents. The 
 close correspondence between the vagueness of the relative was and the 
 completeness of the generalization, implied by the superlative category, 
 without doubt facihtated the shift. It seems, in fact, probable that the 
 latter began, not with the adjective antecedent as a whole, but with the 
 superlative category, and that by analogy it spread then gradually to 
 the positive-comparative category. The strength of the analogical 
 influence and the survival of the earlier tendency to use was and das 
 indiscriminately are attested by thirty-one wcr^-clauses, whose antece- 
 dents are so individualized as to suggest the appropriateness of the deter- 
 minative das. 
 
 4. Seven examples of das (welches), referring to clearly generalized 
 antecedents, remind us, in spite of their numerical insignificance, of the 
 older indiscriminate use of this relative after all degrees of comparison. 
 
 5. The gain made since the 18th century by was has been effected, not 
 by its assuming a determinative meaning, once exclusively characteristic 
 of the demonstrative das, but by its increasing use as indeterminate rela- 
 tive after alles, einzig, and all degrees of comparison (chiefly the superla- 
 
4 GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 tive) of the substantivized adjective, whenever the vaj^ueness inherent 
 in these elements is not overborne by the particularizing intention of 
 the author, or whenever tlie writer's intentional vagueness demands such 
 expression. 
 
 B. The Relative after Pronominal Antecedents 
 
 1) Demonstratives and 2) Indefinites 
 
 a) Masculine or Feminine 
 
 K. G. Andresen (Sprachgebrauch und Sprachrichtigkeit im Deut- 
 
 schen, pp. 309-310): "Wir besitzen zwci gleichbedcutende Relativ- 
 
 pronomina 'der' und 'welcher', die schon seit Jahrhunderten nebeneinan- 
 
 der verwendet werden. Trotzdem kann es nicht zweifelhaft sein, dass 
 
 in der Umgangssprache fast nur 'der' gebraucht wird. Wenn man aber 
 
 'welcher' hort, so beruht dies auf dem Einfluss der geschricbenen Sprache. 
 
 Da es ein fester Grundsatz ist, dass wir uns moglichst von dem Einfluss 
 
 des papiernen Deutsch frei machen miissen, so ist entschieden der Ge- 
 
 brauch von 'der, die, das' statt 'welcher, welche, welches' vorzuziehen, 
 
 Oskar Erdmann (Grundziige der deutschen Syntax nach ihrer ge- 
 schichtlichen Entwicklung, p. 54): "'welcher bezieht sich nur auf vor- 
 hergehendes und individuell gedachtes Pronomen odcr Substantiv: der 
 {derjenige, einer, ein Mann, der Mann, jeder Mann — aber nicht leicht 
 h\os>sesjeder), welcher. In alien diesen Fallen kann aber auch der stchn; 
 . . . Im vorangestellten, auf ein individuelles Pronomen odcr Substan- 
 tiv beziiglichen Kelativsatze kann nur der stchn: Der gcstcrn hier war — 
 wo blieber?" 
 
 K. G. Andresen (Sprachgebrauch und Sprachrichtigkeit im Deutschen, 
 p. 311): "Wiihrend 'was' auf die unbestimmten substantivischen Pro- 
 nomina und Zahlworter l)ezogcn wird, sowie auf die subst. Adj., ist diese 
 Beziehung dem personlichen 'wer! untersagt. Verstosse dagegen sind 
 jedoch nicht selten." 
 
 b) Neuter 
 
 George O. Curme (A Grammar of the German Language, p. 211): 
 *'Was can have an antecedent, if that antecedent be a word expressing 
 an indef. general idea, such as an indef. Pronoun, a neut. adjective used 
 substantively, or a thought contained in a whole sentence, ..." 
 
 Oskar Erdmann (Grundziige der deutschen SvTitax nach ihrer ge- 
 schichtHchen Entwicklung, p. 53): "was bezieht sich nur auf alleinste- 
 hendes Neutrum eines Pronomens oder eines Adjectiv'ums, . . . Auch 
 der gesamte Inhalt eines Satzes kann durch nachfolgendes was zusam- 
 
GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 5 
 
 mengefasst werden. Fiir alle diese Falle ist relatives das, dessen jetzt 
 gewohnlich ausgeschlossen, ebenso welches. 
 
 George 0. Curme (A Grammar of the German Language, p. 206): 
 "Was often points to a definite person or thing, the speaker at first in- 
 tentionally making the reference indefinite by the use of was, reserving 
 the definite information for the last part of the statement: Das erste, was 
 ihnen hier begegnete, war die Kriigersfrau (Fontane's Vor dem Sturme). " 
 
 "The use of was as described above seems to be the outcome of a long 
 process of differentiation. Earlier in the period das and welches were 
 also used here. This older usage is still, especially in elevated diction, 
 not infrequently found, as the process of differentiation is not yet com- 
 pleted: Vieles, das diesem Volke gut hiess (Nietsche's Zarathustra). It 
 is possible that there is often here an intentional use of das or welches 
 by way of differentiation, to refer to something definite, definite at least 
 to the speaker: ..." 
 
 3) Personal Pronouns 
 
 Ludwig Siitterlin (Deutsche Sprache der Gegenwart, p. 105): "die 
 Schriftsteller schwanken nicht nur beziiglich der Person des zugehorigen 
 Zeitworts, sondern audi darin, ob sie in diesen Fallen noch das gewohn- 
 liche personliche Furwort hinzusetzen soUen oder nicht. " 
 
 George O. Curme (A Grammar of the German Language, p. 202) : 
 "Der is also usually employed when the relative refers to an interrogative 
 or personal pronoun, ..." 
 
 Curme (p. 203): "The relative welcher is sometimes used instead 
 of der, if the personal pronoun is not repeated after the relative. " 
 
 Curme (p. 204): "Welcher is most common after a personal pronoun 
 of the third person. " 
 
 Curme (pp. 202-3): "If a personal pronoun repeating a personal 
 pronoun of the first or second person already mentioned stands after the 
 relative, which is very commonly the case when the relative is the subject 
 of the verb, der is usually employed, and the verb must agree with the 
 antecedent in person: unser Vater, der du bist im Himmel; ..." 
 
 Hermann Wunderlich (Der deutsche Satzbau, p. 286): "Die altesten 
 Denkmaler lassen den Nebensatz eng an das Pronomen der ersten oder 
 zweiten Person sich anschmiegen. Wo in der Anrede Nomina vorliegen, 
 oder wo das Pronomen fernab steht, wird es als Bindemittel zwischen 
 Haupt- und Nebensatz wiederholt oder eingefiigt: " 
 
 George O. Curme (A Grammar of the German Language, p. 203): 
 " Sometimes the personal pronoun after the relative is dropped, the verb. 
 
6 GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 however, agreeing in the same manner with the antecedent in person: 
 . . . Sometimes the personal pronoun is dropped and the verb goes over 
 into the third person: " 
 
 Hermann WunderHch, (Der deutsche Satzbau, p. 293): "AUge- 
 meine Verbreitung gewinnt dieser Einschub des Relativpronomens 
 jedoch erst in den Anfangen der friihneuhochdeutschen Periode, wo wir 
 ihn namenthch in der Bibelubersetzung verfolgen konnen, ebenso in 
 Sonderijbersetzungen einzelner Teile wie z.B. der Psalmen. " 
 
 WunderHch (pp. 293-4): "Der Tatianiibersetzer, Isidor, der Weis- 
 senburger Katechismus, die Hymnen, die Trebnitzer Psalmen, Wyle 
 fiigen die Verbalform unbedenkHch in der ersten oder zweiten Person an 
 das Relativpronomen an, die spatere gedruckte Bibel, Wyle, Steinhowel, 
 Luther wiederholen da, wo sie an der ersten oder zweiten Person festhal- 
 ten, das Pronomen oder sie weichen, wie Hutten, in die dritte Person aus. " 
 
 ''In der neueren Sprache hat sich die Nachstellung des Personal- 
 pronomens mit der Flexion der ersten oder zweiten Person durchgesetzt; 
 vgl. : Bodmer tadelt die WortJUgung: Der du von Eivigkeit bist und will: 
 du der von Eivigkeit ist — ohne Zweifel ist dies Grammatischer, jenes aher 
 diirch den langen Gebrauch und durch die Aehnlichkeit fremder Sprachen, 
 da die invite Person gleichsam Uberwindcnd ist, gerechlfertigt, Herder 4,30^. 
 Die Ueberfiihrung in die dritte Person taucht aber auch heute immer 
 wieder auf:" 
 
 C. The Relative after a Sentence or Phrase 
 K. G. Andresen (Sprachgebrauch und Sprachrichtigkeit im Deut- 
 schen, pp. 310-11): "man findet sehr haufig welches fiir was in der Be- 
 ziehung auf einen ganzen vorhergehenden Satz gebraucht. . . . Bis- 
 weilen gibt beides einen grammatisch richtigen, aber immer einen ver- 
 schiedenen Sinn. " 
 
 Ludwig Sutterlin (Deutsche Sprache der Gegenwart, p. 347): "Bei- 
 fiigesatze, die sich an einen ganzen Satz anschliessen, werden heute nur 
 noch mit was, nicht mehr mit welches eingeleitet, ..." 
 
 George O. Curme (A Grammar of the German Language, p. 207): 
 "In the classics of the eighteenth century we still find welches used here 
 as well as was, and it even occurs sometimes in the language of today. 
 For the sake of emphasis or a contrast both was and welches may be used 
 here in the same sentence: " 
 
 D. The Indefinite Relatives 
 Ludwig Sutterlin (Deutsche Sprache der Gegenwart, p. 105): "in 
 dem Satze Rette sich, wer kann liegt ein beztigliches Fiirwort vor, nam- 
 
GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 7 
 
 lich wer, dem geschlechtloses was entspricht in einer Fligung wie Sage, 
 was du willst. Aber hier ist die Verkniipfung der beiden Teile des Satz- 
 gefuges noch enger. Denn hier leitet das Fiirwort nicht blosz den zwei- 
 ten Satz ein, sondern es schlieszt sozusagen auch noch den ersten, bildet 
 Bomit ein BindegHed zwischen beiden, entsprechend der Gruppe der- 
 jenige welcher. 
 
 K. G. Andresen (Sprachgebrauch und Sprachrichtigkeit im Deut- 
 schen, pp. 311-12): '"Die Verbindung 'jeder, wer' kommt auch bei 
 Goethe, Jean Paul und andern vor, darf aber nicht fiir sprachgemass 
 gelten; mit demselben Rechte konnte man auf ahnliche Pronomina, 
 z.B. 'keiner' oder 'mancher', jenes 'wer' beziehen wollen. Ja, strenge 
 genommen, muss auch 'der, wer' als fehlerhaft angesehen werden; " 
 
 Andresen (pp. 312-13): ''Durch 'wer' (mhd. swer) wird eine unbe- 
 stimmte allgemein geltende Person bezeichnet, durch 'der' eine bestimmte. 
 Man findet nun haufig nicht sowohl 'der' anstatt 'wer' gesetzt, als 
 vielmehr das umgekehrte Verbal tnis. " 
 
 George O. Curme (A Grammar of the German Language, p. 204): 
 "In subject and object clauses where the relative is equal to der{jenige) 
 we/c/zer, we usually find rfer; ..." 
 
 Curme (p. 204): "In early N. H. G. welcher was used in subject 
 clauses with general or indefinite force just as wer is now employed : . , . 
 Der was also much used in subject clauses, but with a different shade of 
 meaning, namely, with individualizing force. Later wer replaced wel- 
 cher here, and welcher assumed the force of der and became interchange- 
 able with it. " 
 
 "Der is usually employed if the clause is a predicate clause: Du bist 
 nicht, der du scheinst. Wer is used if the relative has a general or in- 
 definite meaning: ..." 
 
 Curme (p. 211): "Wer is always used in an indefinite sense and may 
 thus refer to one or more, but never to a definite person, in which case 
 der or der welcher must be used : " 
 
 Curme (p. 212): "The adverbs immer, aiich, or combined auch im- 
 mer, also auch nur, nur immer standing after wer and was, or several words 
 removed, give generalizing force to the relative, and are much hke our 
 ever, soever in whoever, whatever, &c. " 
 
 "The demon, adverb (/a, which often, especially in popular language 
 follows the relative, has in general the force of a strengthening word, 
 which often, however, can scarcely be translated: " 
 
8 GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 "Note. The da strengthens the already general meaning of wer and 
 was, and hence here has generalizing force. After dcr and welclier (here 
 not so frequently used as der), da has particularizing force, calling atten- 
 tion to the particular persons or things, or the particular class of persons 
 or things in question. " 
 
 Curme (p. 212): "The der in Wer das sagt, der liigt is not an antece- 
 dent of wer, but only the repetition of the subject wer, and not being nec- 
 essary can be dropped. " 
 
 II. Survey of Results of the Investigation 
 
 A. The Relative after Neuter Substantivized Adjectives 
 
 After substantivized adjectives it becomes evident that in the posi- 
 tive-comparative category was is used much less than das {welches). 
 In every author studied the preponderance is in favor of the latter to a 
 marked degree. In the superlative category, on the other hand, was 
 is in the large majority of cases the pronoun used. 
 
 In Bodmer we found two examples of was after pos. comp., while 
 12 </a5-clauses and 14 welches-claMsts occurred. 
 
 In Breitinger there were nine rfo^-clauses and 19 welches-cXaxiSQs and 
 no was-c\dMSQ whatsoever. 
 
 Engel has two examples of was, while he uses ten das- and one welches- 
 clause. 
 
 Fichte has, to be sure, five wa^-clauses over against 13 das- and 11 
 welches-c\a.uses, but of the five wa^-clauses, one can be explained by the 
 influence of alles and a second by the influence of einzig preceding the 
 substantivized adjective. 
 
 Gellert gives no example of a Tt'^^-clause, while he has 12 das- and 
 one welches-Q\?iVise. 
 
 In Goethe we found four zt'tz^-clauses and seven (/a^-clauses. 
 
 Gottsched offered no example of was- but gave one of das-, four of 
 welches- and twelve of ^(^-clauses. 
 
 Hagedorn gave six examples of das-, one of welches-, and none of was- 
 clauses. 
 
 Haller furnished two (/(7^-clauses. 
 
 Herder gave four examples of was-, ten of das-, and two of welches- 
 clauses. One wc5-clause is probably due to the influence of a preceding 
 alles. 
 
 Lessing had three examples of das-, five of welches-, none of 2£'(75-clauses. 
 
 Rabener employed two was-, two das-, and one welches-c\a.use. In 
 both cases the was was due to alles preceding the adjective. 
 
GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 9 
 
 Wieland furnished but one example of a i£^a5-clause (due to preceding 
 alles), two das-, and nine we/c//^^-clauses. 
 
 Summarizing, we find that the above authors use was 21 times, das 
 89, and welches 68, which gives us a ratio of 21 to 157 in favor of das(wel- 
 ches). 
 
 It will therefore appear from the investigation made that after posi- 
 tive-comparative substantivized adjectives das (or welches) is the pro- 
 noun employed, and that when was is used, this is often due to the in- 
 fluence of a preceding word which, when followed directly by a relative, 
 ordinarily requires ivas. 
 
 Turning to the superlative category, we find the trend unmistakably 
 in the direction of was (as against das or welches). 
 
 Bodmer used one was- and no (/a^-clause. 
 
 Engel 
 
 
 four 
 
 
 
 one 
 
 Fichte 
 
 
 two 
 
 
 
 no 
 
 GeUert 
 
 
 two 
 
 
 
 no 
 
 Goethe 
 
 
 nine 
 
 
 
 no 
 
 Gottsched 
 
 
 four 
 
 
 
 no 
 
 Hagedorn 
 
 
 two 
 
 
 
 no 
 
 Herder 
 
 
 one 
 
 
 
 no 
 
 Lessing 
 
 
 seven 
 
 
 
 one 
 
 Rabener 
 
 
 no 
 
 
 
 one 
 
 Wieland 
 
 
 six 
 
 
 
 four 
 
 Summarizing, we have a ratio for all the authors of 38 to 7 in favor 
 of was} With the exception of Rabener, all who had examples of the 
 superlative category were decidedly in favor of the relative was after 
 the superlative of the neuter substantivized adjective. 
 
 B. The Relative after Pronominal Antecedents 
 1) Demonstratives 
 After demonstratives (masculine or feminine) we find the following 
 to be true: 
 
 All authors show a decided preference for der, der over against der, 
 welcher. Six authors^ furnished a number of instances of der, so. Wie- 
 land alone showed a close proportion, six to five in favor of der, der. The 
 entire list of authors gives der, der 223 and der, welcher 38, about six to one. 
 
 * Wieland, to be sure, does not show so strong a preference for was though he 
 does favor it six to four. 
 
 'Abraham, Bodmer, Gellert, Gottsched, Grimmelshausen, and Herder. 
 
10 GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 With derjenige, der and derjenige, welcher the ratio runs 348 to 116 in 
 favor of der, exactly three to one. Abraham alone breaks the rule, 29 
 to 13, in favor of derjenige, welcher, which might be expected of one who 
 wrote in an earlier period. 
 
 There were but few instances of derselbe, five of derselbe, welcher and 
 three of derselbe, der, Abraham contributing four and one respectively, 
 Engel giving an example of welcher, while Fichte and Grimmelshausen 
 each have an example of der. 
 
 Dieser, der seems firmly intrenched, 14 examples occurring, while 
 there are no examples of dieser, welcher. 
 
 Aiter jefier Abraham again prefers welcher (eight to five), while the 
 others are on the side of der. 
 
 Summarizing, after mascuhne or feminine demonstratives der pre- 
 ponderates over welcher in a ratio of 598 to 168. 
 
 After neuter demonstratives was has taken the field much to the ex- 
 clusion of das (welches) : 
 
 Thus, das, was occurs 541 times to four of das, das, two of das, 
 welches, and eight of das, so. 
 
 Dasjenige, was similarly prevails, 248 times as against 16 occurrences 
 of dasjenige, welches, 15 of dasjenige, das, and six of dasjenige, so. 
 
 After dasselbe, was is the relative used. 
 
 After dieses, was occurs ten times and das two times. 
 
 Jenes, was occurs once ; see under Engel. 
 
 Summarizing, after neuter demonstratives was holds the field with 
 807 examples to 21 of das and 18 of welches. 
 
 2) Indefinites 
 a) Masculine or Feminine 
 After alle, die occurs 2)2) times and welche but once. 
 After anderer, der is found 53 times and welcher ten (so five). Abra- 
 ham and Hagedorn show a preference for welcher. 
 Dergleichen, die occurs twice. 
 
 Einer, der occurs 58 times, einer, welcher but six, eifier, so twice. 
 After einige, die occurs seven times and welche twice. 
 Einzelner, der is found twice. 
 
 Einziger, der occurs 13 times; einziger, welcher twice. 
 Etliche, die is used seven times; etliche, welche three; etliche, so one. 
 Jeder, der is employed 37 i\mts; jeder, welcher but twice. 
 Jedermann, der occurs five times. 
 Jemand, der is used 18 times. 
 
GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 11 
 
 Keiner, der is found sixteen times. 
 Mancher, der occurs seven times. 
 
 There is one example of mehr, die and one of mehr, welche. 
 Mehrere, welche occurs once. 
 One example of die Meisten, die is found. 
 Niemand, der is used 28 times. 
 Solcher, der is found 14 \\mes] solcher, welcher twice. 
 There are three examples of ubrige, die. 
 Verschiedene, die is used once. 
 After viele, die is used 1 1 times, welche five, so once. 
 After wenige, die occurs nine times, welche twice, so once. 
 Summarizing, der preponderates over welcher after mascuHne or 
 feminine indefinites according to the ratio of 326 to 37. 
 
 b) Neuter 
 
 After alles, was occurs 421 times, welches twice, das three times, so 
 once. 
 
 After anders, was occurs nine times, welches once, das six, so once. 
 
 Das einige, das is found once. 
 
 After eins, was occurs three times, das five. 
 
 After einzig, was occurs 17 times, das twice, welches once, so once. 
 
 After es, was occurs 40 times, das ten. 
 
 After etwas, was occurs 23 times, welches 15, das 71, so five. 
 
 After ganz, das is used ten times, welches once. 
 
 Das Gleiche, was occurs once. 
 
 Jedes, was is found once. 
 
 Mancherley, das is found once. 
 
 After manches, was is used three times, das once, so once. 
 
 After mehr, was is used once, and das once. 
 
 After mehrere, welches is used once. 
 
 Das Meisie, was occurs once. 
 
 After nichts, was occurs 56 times, das 26, welches twice. 
 
 Solches, das is employed twice. 
 
 Das ubrige, was is found nine times. 
 
 After vieles, was is used sLx times, das seven, welches twice, and so 
 once. 
 
 After das wenige, was occurs eight times and das once. 
 
 After das wenigste, das occurs twice and was twice. 
 
 Summarizing, we find that was preponderates over das {welches) at 
 the ratio of 601 to 176 (for das) and 25 (for welches). 
 
12 GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 3. Personal Pronouns 
 There are 128 relative clauses emj^loying der and nine using welcher 
 when referring to a personal pronoun as antecedent. 
 
 C. The Relative after a Sentence or Phrase 
 
 Was is used 42 times, welches 293, das three, so ten. 
 
 There are 106 examples of the use of was in such expressions as was 
 betrift, was anbelangt, etc. Possibly this was is an abbre\aation of alles, 
 was and should be referred to the alles, was rubric under neuter indefinites. 
 
 D. The Indefinite Relatives 
 Der is used 72 times, der da four; wer 137, wer atich once, wer da three 
 times; wer, der 203; wer, derselbe three; wer, er once; welcher eight times. 
 
 III. Conclusions of the Investigation 
 
 A, The Relative after Neuter Substantivized Adjectives 
 
 Hermann WunderHch (Der deutsche Satzbau, p. 301) speaks of 
 Goethe extending the use of was, but, as is apparent from a glance at the 
 material here assembled from various authors of the eighteenth century, 
 the use of was had become extensive even before Goethe's time. Not 
 only that, but it had appropriated unto itself an entire field, that of the 
 superlative category. After the neuter demonstrati\-es the extensive 
 use of was is still more striking. We can hardly conceive of a period in 
 literary history in which a word could gain more complete acceptance 
 than has was for the eighteenth century after the neuter substantivized 
 adjective in the superlative and after neuter demonstratives. 
 
 The vitality of was is attested by the assertion of K. G. Andresen 
 (Sprachgebrauch und Sprachrichtigkeit im Deutschen, p. 310), that was 
 forced its way into use without any inherent right. While he calls atten- 
 tion to the need of a sharp differentiation between welches and was, 
 Andresen states that was refers to indefinite pronouns as well as to sub- 
 stantive adjectives in all degrees of comparison. But the results of our 
 investigation show that Andresen is in error, at least for the eighteenth 
 century. It is true that was is the relative employed after a neuter 
 substantivized adjective in the superlative, but, as the statistics show, 
 das and welches are the pronouns employed in the case of neuter sub- 
 stantivized adjectives in the positive-comparative. S. W. Cutting's 
 statement of the case (see pp. 3-4 of this investigation) is thoroughly 
 borne out by the results of our search. The ratio of 7V^ to 1 in favor of 
 
GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 13 
 
 das {welches) after neuter substantivized adjectives in the positive cate- 
 gory is conclusive, as is also the ratio of almost 5 to 1 in favor of was after 
 neuter substantivized adjectives of the superlative category. 
 
 The statement of Geo. O. Curme (A Grammar of the German Lan- 
 guage p. 205) that was is employed after a neuter abstract noun or adjec- 
 tive substantive needs to be modified to accord with the general rule 
 that was is used after neuter substantivized adjectives of the superlative 
 category, for, as Starr W. Cutting showed, this rule holds for nineteenth 
 century also, not only for the eighteenth century, to which the present 
 investigation is limited. Curme's statement is too sweeping. Not only 
 does it imply that was is and by right should be the proper relative after 
 the positive as well as the superlative of the neuter substantivized adjec- 
 tive, but it assumes that all neuter indefinites are antecedents of such a 
 specific type as to demand the relative was. We have found, however, 
 for the eighteenth century that ehvas, das Game, and viel are, as a matter 
 of fact, followed by das (welches) in preference to was. 
 
 Curme's assertion (A Grammar of the German Language, p. 206) 
 that was often points to a definite person or thing, the speaker at first 
 making the reference indefinite by the use of was, referring the definite 
 information for the last part of the statement, needs to be scrutinized 
 closely. He gives as an example, " Das erste, was ihnen hier begegnete, 
 war die Kriigersfrau. " But surely here the antecedent of was is das 
 erste and not die Kriigersfrau. We have here a clear case of the use of 
 was in the superlative category, and we note perfect agreement with the 
 findings of our investigation. 
 
 B. The Relative after Pronominal Antecedents 
 1. Demonstratives 
 a) Masculine or Feminine 
 
 We have two relatives of the same meaning, says Andresen (Sprach- 
 gebrauch and Sprachrichtigkeit im Deutschen, pp. 309-10), der and wel- 
 cher, which have been used side by side for centuries. Yet, he adds, 
 it can not be doubted that in the language of every day life der is almost 
 exclusively used. If welcher is used, it depends on the influence of the 
 written language. And so Andresen suggests that, as we should keep 
 as free as possible from the influence of the written German, the use of 
 der, die, das is preferable to welcher, welche, welches. 
 
 From the words of Andresen we might be led to infer that welcher 
 
14 GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 is more common in the written language than it really is. He warns us 
 not to be influenced by the written language. The danger to which he 
 refers is, however, by no means overwhelming. Even the prose of 
 the eighteenth century shows that der has a big lead over ivelcher. Of 
 the authors studied only Abraham, and he was a seventeenth century 
 writer, preferred welcher. We may safely conclude, therefore, that as 
 far as the relative after the masculine or feminine demonstratives is 
 concerned, der had already gained the ascendency. 
 
 Neuter 
 
 One would expect that after the neuter demonstratives, which ap- 
 parently denote something very specific, das and ivelches would be the 
 preferred relatives, and yet we are confronted with 541 instances of das, 
 was with only four of das, das and two of das, welches, a ratio of 90 to 1. 
 The ratio is not quite so striking after dasjenige, viz., 248 was to 15 das 
 and 16 welches, exactly 8 to 1, but here too the ratio in favor of was 
 is high. But why the difference in the case of dasjenige and of das used 
 as antecedents? May it be due to a more particularizing tendency in 
 dasjenige which occasionally makes the use of das or welches imperative, 
 or do we have here a case of euphonic law? Das, das is not as pleasing 
 to the ear as das, was. Still this euphonic principle should not aflfect 
 dasjenige, welches. While we have a fair number of dasjenige, welches 
 clauses, we have but two das, welches, and we are therefore led to suppose 
 that dasjenige has a certain particularizing force which is not so evident 
 in das and which attests its presence by the difference in ratios. 
 
 The fact to be borne in mind with reference to the neuter demonstra- 
 tives is the outstanding preference for was as the relative. The neuter 
 demonstrative, alles of the neuter indefinites, and the superlative of 
 neuter substantivized adjectives are the " Gebiet " where was prevails. 
 
 2. Indefinites 
 a) Masculine or Feminine 
 How thoroughly der has prevailed over welcher after masculine and 
 feminine indefinite pronouns is made clear by the fact that in the case 
 of practically ever}' indefinite pronoun there are more examples of der 
 as the relative following than of welcher. After alle the ratio is 33 to one; 
 a.iieT auderer , five to one; after einer, almost ten to one; after ^m/^e, seven 
 to two; after e/;/c/^ger, thirteen to two; after etliche, seven to three; after 
 jeder, 37 to two; after solcher, seven to one; after viele, eleven to five; 
 after wenige, nine to two. After some indefinites der is the only relative 
 
GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 15 
 
 found in the works of this investigation; viz., after dergleichen, einzelner, 
 jedermann, jemand, keiner, mancher, die meisten, niemand, ubrige, 
 verschiedene. 
 
 b) Neuter 
 
 As Curme says in his Grammar of the German Language, p. 211, 
 was can have an antecedent, if that antecedent be a word expressing 
 an indefinite general idea, such as an indefinite pronoun, so Oskar Erd- 
 mann, in his Grundziige der deutschen Syntax, p. 53, calls attention 
 to the fact that was is used after a neuter pronominal antecedent. The 
 present investigation shows that to be true for the eighteenth century 
 after alles, with 421 instances of was, to only two of welches and three 
 of das, but this is practically the only indefinite pronoun in the case 
 of which there is a heavy preponderance in favor of was. After anders 
 there are nine instances of was to one of welches and six of das. After 
 eins, das is preferred over was five to three. 
 
 In the case of das einzige, which really has a superlative force, there 
 are, in accordance with what we might expect, 17 was to two das and 
 one welches. 
 
 After es, was is preferred four to one. 
 
 Etwas seems to have a particularizing force, and while we have 23 
 examples of was there are 15 of welches and 71 of das. It may, of course, 
 be the desire of the author to avoid repetition of similar sounds, such 
 as we find in etwas, was, that contributed to the use of etwas, welches and 
 etwas, das. The author who contributed most examples of etwas, das 
 is Fichte, who because of his philosophical mind was more apt to note 
 the precise force of the relative pronouns and who made use of das for 
 the purpose of particularizing. 
 
 After das Ganze there is no instance of was but ten of das and one of 
 welches. 
 
 Nichts is followed by was 56 times, by das 26 and by welches twice. 
 This frequent use of das after nichts is striking as we would perhaps 
 expect was. We hardly feel any particularizing force here, nor is there 
 any euphonic principle involved which would miUtate against the use of 
 nichts, was. 
 
 Vieles, was occurs six times to seven of vieles, das and two of vieles, 
 welches. 
 
 Das wenige, was preponderates over das wenige, das eight to one. 
 
 On the whole we find in the case of the neuter indefinites a decided 
 difference from the usage of the neuter demonstratives. In the latter 
 class was is by all odds the relative called for, while after indefinites was 
 
16 GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 is in some instances exceeded b}- das (welches), and in no case, except 
 alles and wenig, is there any striking preponderance of was over the other 
 relatives. 
 
 Why should there be this difference between demonstratives and in- 
 definites? We should naturally expect particularizing das {welches) 
 after demonstratives; we find the generalizing was. We should expect 
 a generaHzing was after indefinites; we find an exceedingly frequent use 
 of das {welches). 
 
 The fact that nichts is followed by was and etwas by das suggests a 
 solution. Nichts is the opposite of alles, and as alles, was became ex- 
 clusively prevalent, so its opposite nichts, was. With etwas, das the 
 specific something enters in, definite to the mind of the writer or speaker. 
 So also in vieles, das. The author had in mind a specific amount, a de- 
 finite mass or number. In the case of ganz we have the idea of a definite 
 totality, not everything in the world, but everything belonging to a spe- 
 cific unit, definite in the mind of the writer, who therefore uses das in- 
 stead of was. 
 
 3. Personal Pronouns 
 
 It is of interest to note that the preference for der is not limited to 
 the mascuHne and feminine demonstratives and masculine and feminine 
 indefinites but is also present in the case of the personal pronouns. The 
 particular reason why der fits in better than welcher with the personal 
 pronoun is perhaps its being monosyllabic. The personal pronouns are 
 all short words, and the shorter relative articulates more smoothly with 
 the personal pronoun than the longer relative does. No doubt this mono- 
 syllabic character of der also contributes to its prevalence after antece- 
 dents other than the personal pronouns, but the principle is more evident 
 in the case of the latter. 
 
 Curme is right when he says that der is usually employed when the 
 relative refers to a personal pronoun (A Grammar of the German Lan- 
 guage, p. 202). There are, in fact, exceedingly few exceptions to this 
 rule. He is also right in stating that the relative welcher is sometimes 
 used instead of der, if the personal pronoun is not repeated after the re- 
 lative (p. 203), for in no instance is the personal pronoun repeated after 
 welcher. While he says that welcher is most common after a personal 
 pronoun of the third person (p. 204), he could have made the statement 
 still stronger, as far as the eighteenth century is concerned, for there is 
 not a single instance of welcher after a pronoun of the first or second 
 person in the entire mass of material investigated. 
 
GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 17 
 
 As far as this investigation goes one can not say, with Ludwig Siit- 
 terlin (Deutsche Sprache der Gegenwart, p. 105), that the authors are 
 seriously at variance with respect to the person of the verb in the relative 
 clause. The rule is to use the verb form of the third person unless the 
 personal pronoun is repeated after the relative, in which case the verb 
 agrees with the antecedent in person. One single exception is found to 
 this rule, namely in Wieland, who in one solitary instance uses the second 
 person of the verb after der, to agree with the antecedent dii. As this 
 is the only exception to the rule, we must somewhat modify Curme's 
 statement (p. 203): "Sometimes the personal pronoun after the relative 
 is dropped, the verb, however, agreeing in the same manner with the 
 antecedent in person: . . . Sometimes the personal pronoun is dropped 
 and the verb goes over into the third person:" This investigation shows 
 that the verb almost invariably goes over into the third person when 
 the personal pronoun is dropped, and to say that sometimes the one 
 thing happens, sometimes the other, is not putting it strongly enough 
 for the eighteenth century. 
 
 With reference to the repetition of the pronoun of the first and the 
 second person after the relative, it is noteworthy that most authors have a 
 distinct fondness for this construction. Abraham, Engel, Gellert, 
 Goethe, Gottsched, and Rabener are continually using it. Fichte re- 
 peats the personal pronoun every time the antecedent immediately 
 precedes the relative, and the same is true of Lessing. Herder repeats 
 the personal pronoun half the time. Wieland alone stands out against 
 the practice. We may, therefore, with good reason conclude for eight- 
 eenth century prose that whenever the antecedent is a pronoun of the 
 first or the second person, the personal pronoun is generally repeated 
 after the relative and the verb agrees with the antecedent. 
 
 C. The Relative after a Sentence or Phrase 
 
 While K. G. Andresen (Sprachgebrauch und Sprachrichtigkeit 
 im Deutschen, pp. 310-11) says that one very often finds welches for 
 was after a preceding sentence, Curme (A Grammar of the German 
 Language, p. 207) mentions the fact that in the classics of the eighteenth 
 century we still find welches used as well as was, and that it occurs some- 
 times even in the language of to-day. According to the statement of the 
 latter, one might be led to infer that welches was rapidly being pushed 
 aside by was. But, as the statistics show, welches throughout the cen- 
 tury had a big lead over was. Welches occurs 293 times to 42 occurrences 
 of was. The only authors who show any preference for was are Engel 
 
18 GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 Gellert, and Herder, and of these Herder uses welches four times to five 
 of was. Siitterlin states (Deutsche Sprache der Gegenwart, p. 105), 
 that relative clauses that have a whole sentence as the antecedent now 
 use was exclusively, and that welches, consequently, is no longer used. 
 Be that as it may, welches was the pronoun generally employed in eight- 
 eenth century prose. 
 
 D. The Indefinite Relatives 
 
 The authors of the eighteenth century were very careful not to use 
 wer as a relative a-iterjeder, keiner,mancher, etc. K. G. Andresen (Sprach- 
 gebrauch und Sprachrichtigkeit im Deutschen, pp. 311-12) states that 
 jeder, wer is occasionally found in Goethe and elsewhere, but no such 
 instances were noted in the material of this investigation, and we may 
 safely conclude that such use was exceedingly rare. 
 
 Wer was used in the eighteenth century, as well as to-day, with a 
 general or indefinite meaning. The usage throughout the century con- 
 curs with Curme's statement (A Grammar of the German Language, 
 p. 211): "Wer is always used in an indefinite sense and may thus refer 
 to one or more, but never to a definite person, in which case der or der 
 welcher must be used. " We find der almost twice as often as der, welcher 
 in the eighteenth century, and sometimes welcher alone appears. The 
 use of welcher, however, is very rare. Its force is not as definite as that 
 of der nor yet as indefinite as that of wer; its significance seems to lie 
 somewhere between the two. 
 
 With welcher practically eliminated as an indefinite relative for the 
 eighteenth century, we still have two words: wer and der. There are 
 times when one is not absolutely certain whether or not the author had 
 something definite in mind, but as a general rule, deduced from the large 
 number of illustrations presented, we may state that der was used with 
 particularizing force, while wer was reserved for the general statement. 
 
 Wherever the demonstrative da occurs, it serves to strengthen the 
 pronoun, making wer more general and der more particular. Similarly 
 auch is sometimes used to strengthen the general idea in wer. 
 
 From the large number of examples of wer, der, such as "Wer Geist 
 besitzet, der wird diese Materie poetisch erhohen" (Breitingcr: Critische 
 Dichtkunst, p. 358, 6 f.), it is evident that der is never the antecedent of 
 wer. Curme is right in stating that der is only the repetition of the sub- 
 ject wer, and not being necessary can be dropped. 
 
GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 EXAMPLES 
 
 19 
 
 The page and the line are indicated. When the letter / is added, the lines are 
 counted from the bottom of the page. Intr. = Introduction. 1.1. = last line. N = Note. 
 
 ABRAHAM: NARREN-NEST derselbe, der: I, 44, 2 f. 
 
 A. The Relative after Neuter derselbe, welcher: I, 91, 13; 
 
 Substantivized Adjectives 91, 9 f.; 138, 11 f.; Ill, 154, 6. 
 (No examples) derselbe, so : I, 91, 4 f. 
 
 dieser, der: I, 64, 11 f.; 66, 3; 
 67,1.1. 
 
 jener, der: I, 34, 7; 92, 8; II, 
 4, 7; 16, 2; 140,4. 
 Masculine or Feminine jener, welcher: I, 83, 1; 108, 
 
 der, der: I, 76, 6; 137, 11; 8; II, 157, 8 f.; 152, 12; 167, 4; 189, 
 II, 14, 8; 14, 11; 14, 3f.; 19, 4; 7 f.; Ill, 163, 12; 202, 10. 
 23, 5-7; 43, 10; 79, I.I.; 80, 1; 85, jener, so: I, 138, 8 f. 
 
 B. The Relative after Pro 
 NOMINAL Antecedents 
 I. Demonstratives 
 
 4; 108, 13 f.; 166, 6f.; 166, 3f.; 
 213, 12 f.; Ill, 126, 8; 173,9 f. 
 
 der, welcher: II, 39, 5f.; 57, 
 6;212,6;III, 75, 1;233, 12f. 
 
 der, so: 1,82, 13; II, 16, 4 f. 
 
 derjenige, der: Intr. 4, b, 4f.; 
 I, 51, 5f.; 135, 7f.; 136, 12; II, 
 16, 2f.; 53, 12; 149, 7; 187, 14; 
 III, 52, 4; 84, 6f.; 125, 11 f.; 143, 
 4; 155, 7 f. 
 
 derjenige, welcher: I, 1, 9; 42, 
 14f.;44,13;51,6f.;91,9;91,13f. 
 101, 14f.;II, 53, 4;53, 6;56, 3 f . 
 178, 13 f.; Ill, Intr. ).(4, 2f.; 2 
 14; 5, 13f.;32, 4;81, 1.1.; 104, 3 f. 
 119, 14 f.; 124, 11 f.; 211, 11; 215 
 12; 222, 13; 234, 3f.; 234, 1.1. 
 235, 3; 235, 5; III, 145, 1; 145, 
 12; 164, 10 f. 
 
 derjenige, so: Intr. 5, a, 6f.; 
 I,-13, 3 f.; 53,5; 82, 13; III, Intr.) 
 (6, 4 f.; 30, 1.1.; 43, 10; 235, 8. 
 
 derjenige, wer: 111,63,11. 
 
 Neuter 
 
 das, was. I, 14, 6; 14, 8f.; 61, 
 6f.; 11,61, 7f.; 169, 10f.;III, 30, 
 11; 118, 7 f. 
 
 das, welches: II, 153, 3. 
 
 dasjenige, was: I, 15, 6; 21, 
 12;III, 28, 5;37, 9;66, 4; 116, 13; 
 130, 14 f.; 166, 4 f.; 206, 6 f. 
 
 II. Indefinites 
 Masculine or Feminine 
 
 alle, die: 11,27, 14f.;27, 10 f.; 
 27, 6f.; 79, 11 f.; 90, 9; 131, 2 f.; 
 139, 6; 139, 7; 139, 8. 
 
 anderer, der: I, 78, 6 f. 
 
 anderer, welcher: I, 43, 3 f.; 
 Ill, 208, 14 f. 
 
 anderer, so: I, 125, 10 f. 
 
 einer, der: I, 19, 2; 24, 5; 34, 
 2f.;42, 4f.;43, 9f.;81, 14 f.; 128, 
 8; 130, 11 f.; II, 3, 1.1.; 166, 10 f.; 
 Ill, 138, 8f.; 139, 10; 143,6; 194, 
 6 f.; 225, 14 f. 
 
20 
 
 GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 einer, welcher: I, 87, 11. 
 
 einer, so: I, 97, 3. 
 
 einige, die: 1,41, 2. 
 
 einziger, welcher: II, 120, 3. 
 
 etliche, welche: III, 193, 9 f. 
 
 jeder, welcher: II, 87, 14. 
 
 keiner, der: 1,42,4. 
 
 solcher, der: I, 27, 3f.-2f. ; 
 70, 4; II, 208, 4 f.; Ill, 75,2. 
 
 viele, die: 1, 13, 12; 83, 6 f. 
 
 viele, welche: I, 80, 13; III, 
 138, 2 f. 
 
 viele, so: I, 36, 12. 
 
 wenige, die: I, 32, 9; 32, 4 f. 
 
 wenige, welche: III, 100, 3. 
 
 wenige, so: I, 37, 13 f. 
 
 Neuter. 
 
 alles, w'as: I, 12, 4-6; 61, 7f.; 
 103, 4f.; 118, 3f.; II, 27, 13; 27, 
 14; 45, 6f.; 144, 3; III, Intr. op.) 
 (5, 8; 58, 8; 135, 9; 205, 12. 
 
 es, was: II, 53, 9; 56, 11. 
 
 etwas, was: III, 11, 11; 144, 
 10; 152, 13 f. 
 
 III. Personal Pronouns 
 der: II, 27, 8 f. 
 welcher: II, 214, 13 f. 
 
 C. The Relative after a Sen- 
 tence OR Phrase 
 welches: Intr. 2b, 3f.; I, 14, 
 
 3f.;15,ll;16,6f.;17,4f.;25,6f.; 
 
 29, 1;39, 10f.;58, 2;96, 14;98, 1; 
 
 112, 13; 117, 1; 123, 2; 125, 14; 
 
 125, 8f.; 136, 14 f.; 137, 10 f.; II, 
 
 132, 4f.; 211, 11 f.; Ill, 3, 14; 20, 
 
 7; 30, 4 f.; 56, 11 f.; 74, 5 f.; 94, 12; 
 
 103,4; 111, lOf.; 114, lOf.; 122,6; 
 122, 3 f.; 156, 8; 177,5 f.; 179, 10 f.; 
 217, 11. 
 
 was anbelanget (anbetrifft, be- 
 trifft): II, 125, 4; III, 72, 1; 72,4; 
 110, 9; 112, 5; 138, 11; 221,3 f. 
 
 D. The Indefinite Relatives 
 
 der: I, 26, 9; 30, 12f.;65, 5f.; 
 67, 9f.; 140, 8; II, 108, 12; 128, 
 9f.;214, 7;III, 141,7. 
 
 der da: I, 135, 4f.; II, 201, 
 12f.;III, Intr. op.) (5,7. 
 
 welcher: II, 108, 1. 
 
 wer: I, 75, 9; 77, 6f.; II, 17, 
 6f.;23, 2;85, 7f.;113, 11; 113,12; 
 III, 88, 2; 103, 1.1.; 167, 1; 190,3 f. 
 
 wer, der: Intr. 5a, 7f.; I, 27, 
 7; 28, 9f.; 35, 7f.; 36, 2; 69, 6f.; 
 76, 9; 134, 14 f.; II, 22, 11; 60, 6 f.; 
 200, 10f.-9f.; Ill, Intr.)(5, 6; 30, 
 6; 50, 11; 51, 7; 66, 11; 138, 5f.; 
 154,8; 194, 9 f.; 195, 1; 195, 10 f.; 
 209,5f.;227, 10;236, 6. 
 
 wer, derselbe: 111,69,11. 
 
 BODMER: POETISCHE GE- 
 
 MAHLDE, DISCOURSE DER 
 
 MAHLERN 
 
 A. The Relative after Neuter 
 
 Substantivized Adjectives 
 
 I. The Positive-Compara- 
 tive Category 
 
 was-clauses: PG^57,5; 71, 13 f. 
 
 das- (welches-) clauses, das- 
 clauses: PG 29, 13 f.; 68, 8 f.; 126, 
 10; 172, 14; 191, 10; 205, 14 f.; 
 
 ' PG = Poetische Gemiihlde. 
 
GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 21 
 
 217,8; 220, 15; 252, 2 f.; Disc.i 
 2a, 6; 115, 15; 115, 16. welches- 
 clauses: PG 5, 13; 15, 3; 17, 3 
 82, llf.;95, llf.;154, 16; 172,1.1. 
 240, 13; 243, 9; Disc. 28, 6 f . 
 78, 10; 118, 11; 118, 6f.; 164,7. 
 so-clause: PG 276, 11. 
 
 II. The Superlative Category 
 was-clause: PG 283, 5 f. 
 das- (welches-) clause, no ex- 
 ample. 
 
 B. The Relative after Pro- 
 nominal Antecedents 
 I. Demonstratives 
 Masculine or Feminine 
 
 der, der: PG 183, 13; 255, 5 
 257, 7; 290, 10; Disc. 23, 3 f.-l.l. 
 32, 11; 46, 14 f.; 109, 11 f.; 146,6 
 160,5 f.; 169, 10; 185, 9f.; 188, 1 
 195, 15; 195, 14 f. 
 
 der, wekher: PG 143, 2; 215, 
 2 f.; Disc. 140,5 f. 
 
 der, so: PG 288,15; Disc. 84, 
 6f. 
 
 derjenige, der: PG 16, 5 f.; 35 
 9; 35, 12; 38, 11 f.; 41, 15 f.; 80 
 14 f.; 143, 5f.; 145, 9; 145, 10 f. 
 197, 2f.; Disc. 9, 3f.; 15, 12 f. 
 19, 3 f.; 22, 15; 23, 11; 23, 17; 24 
 4f.; 30, 14; 31, 18 f.; 32, 13; 32 
 7f.;44, 7f.;46, 5;46, 12; 52, 9 f. 
 54, 6; 65,4 f.; 68, 5 f.; 94, 12 f.; 95 
 11;101, 10f.;101, 7f.;102,8;107 
 7; 110, 15; 110, 16; 115,8-12; 119 
 16 f.; 127, 10 f.; 140, 7; 155, 7 f . 
 
 158, 14; 159, 9f.; 159, 8f.; 168, 
 4f.;183, 19;188, 14;188, 13f. 
 
 derjenige, welcher: PG 17, 12; 
 25, 7; 27, 12; 94, 13 f.; 210, 8f.; 
 288, 5; Disc. 55, 12 f.; 65, 5 f.; 84, 
 8f.; 118, 9f.; 140, 10 f.; 140, 7f.; 
 155, 2f.; 157, 11; 172, 2f.; 181,6; 
 191,5. 
 
 derjenige, so: Disc. 49, 11; 
 168, 7. 
 
 dieser,der: PG 143, 2 f. 
 
 Neuter 
 
 das, was: PG 15, 8f.; 23, 6f.; 
 25, 12; 26, 7; 32, 1; 55, 14 f.; 66, 
 1.1.; 83, 11 f.; 112, 9 f.; 114,6; 148, 
 11; 149, 8; 215, 13 f.; 231, 11 f.; 
 235, 7; 249, 13; 275, 12 f.; 281,1; 
 291, 3; Disc. 6,4; 7, 3f.; 29, 8f.; 
 116, 12; 175, 15 f.; 176, 15; 186, 
 2f. 
 
 das, so: PG 13, 2f.; Disc. 79, 
 9f. 
 
 dasjenige, was: PG 18, 14 f.; 
 25, 13; 34, 14; 39, 11; 39, 14; 86, 
 8f.; 95, 4f.; 110, 10; 131, 11 f.; 
 212, 15; 263, 2; 271, 2f.; Disc. 6, 
 14f.-13f.; 23, 17 f.; 23, llf.; 23, 
 10 f.; 65, 2f.; 115, 10; 156, 7f.; 
 187, 11. 
 
 dasjenige, das: Disc. 75, llf.; 
 187, 7. 
 
 dasjenige, welches: Disc. 31, 
 1.1.;47,5;47, llf.;96, 14. 
 
 dieses, was: PG 54, 10 f.; 83, 
 11; 140, 6 f.; Disc. 77,3 f. 
 
 dieses, das: PG 61, 6 f. 
 
 ' Disc. = Discourse der Mahlem. 
 
22 
 
 GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 II. Indefinites 
 Masculine or Feminine 
 
 alles,die: PG213,6f. 
 
 anderer, der: PG 81, 1; Disc. 
 23, 19;31, 18;66, 14;122, 15; 155, 
 l;188,7f. 
 
 anderer, welcher: Disc. 173, 4. 
 
 dergleJchen, die: Disc. 140, 
 13 f. 
 
 einer, der: PG 3, 9; 105, 1.1.; 
 Disc. 57, 13-15; 163, 16; 169, 2f.; 
 176, 19. 
 
 einer, welcher: PG 77, 12 f.; 
 143,6. 
 
 einige, die: PG 25, 3; 81, 14. 
 
 etliche, die: Disc. 106, 6 f. 
 
 jeder, der: Disc. 21, 11 f.; 106, 
 12;108,4;152, 13;173, 10;197,7f. 
 
 jedermann, der: PG 131, 3; 
 Disc.87, 14f.;97, ll;158,6f. 
 
 keiner, der: Disc. 73, 9. 
 
 mancher, der: PG 3, 8 f.; Disc. 
 22, 15. 
 
 niemand, der: PG82, 2f.; 199, 
 6. 
 
 solcher, der: Disc. 174, 2 f. 
 
 wenige, die: Disc. 84, 2 f. 
 
 Neuter 
 
 alles, was: PG 4, 2 f.; 5, 1; 17, 
 
 14; 32, 12; 32, 14 f.; 55, 5f.; 55, 
 3f.; 59, 10; 115, 14; 156, 9; 176, 
 7; 283, 15 f.; Disc. 8, 4f.; 13, 15; 
 32, 10f.;43, 12 f.; 44, 7 f.; 47, 19; 
 47,9f.-7f.;48, 13f.;62, 10 f.; 152, 
 7. 
 
 alles, das: Disc. 13, 16. 
 
 alles, welches: Disc. 61, 4. 
 
 anderes, was: PG 73, 9; 61, 
 14 f.; Disc. 61, 14 f. 
 
 anderes, das: Disc. 20, 8-9. 
 
 etwas, das: PG 212, 11; Disc. 
 173, 10; 175, 13; 180, 15 f. 
 
 etwas,welches: PG 78, 12; Disc. 
 163, 4 f. 
 
 das Ganze, das: PG 220, 5. 
 
 nichts, das: PG71, 4f.; Disc. 
 45, 12; 85, 1.1.; 187,5. 
 
 nichts, welches: PG 22, 3f.; 
 Disc. 44,1.1. 
 
 viel, welches: Disc. 94, 4 f . 
 
 weniges, was: PG 282, 7 f. 
 
 das wenigste, das: Disc. 159, 4. 
 
 III. Personal Pronouns 
 der: Disc. 76, 8f.; 143, 8f.; 
 166, 6; 190, 2 f. 
 
 welcher: Disc. 8, 9. 
 C. The Relatwe after a Sen- 
 tence OR Phrase 
 was: PG 34, 4; Disc. 29, 10; 
 67, 8 f.; 75, 11. 
 
 welches: PG 20, 4f.;41, 10 f.; 
 76, 12 f.; 91, 14 f.; 114, 1.1.; 135, 
 5; 167, 13 f.; 170, 4; 224, 6; 229, 
 5; 269, 6; 271, 3 f.; 282, 5 f.; 290, 8; 
 293, 5; Disc. 46, 8; 63, 10; 142, 
 11 f.; 143, 3; 144, 14 f.; 163, 15 f.; 
 182, 9 f.; 184, 16 f. 
 
 was anbelangt (anlangt, an- 
 siehet, anbetrlfft, angehet, be- 
 trifft, antrifft, belanget): PG 16, 
 1.1.; 19, 15; 24, 1; 32, 2f.; 60, 5 
 71, 8; 125, 7f.; 129, 15; 138, 10 
 141,8; 207, 10; 267, 7f.; 288, 4 f. 
 
GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 23 
 
 Disc. 56, 12 f.; 60, 11; 83, 8; 139, 
 8 f.; 200, 6. 
 
 D. The Indefinite Relatives 
 der: Disc. 2, 13 f.; 14, 17 f.; 21, 
 
 9; 22, 16; 35, 15 f.; 60, 4f.; 73, 6; 
 
 102,5; 102, 15; 110, 10 f.; 140, 12; 
 
 144, 8 f.; 187, 11 f.; 190, 6 f.; 191, 
 
 2f. 
 
 welcher: Disc. 113, 1.1. 
 
 wer: PG 23, 4; 40, 8; 47, 7; 55, 
 12; 55, 14; 114, 15; 120, 1.1.; 144, 
 5f.; 249, 5f.; 259, 9f.; 273, 3 f.; 
 291, 7. 
 
 wer, der: PG 19, 1; 20, 10; 22, 
 4 f.; 25, 1.1.; 290, 2; Disc. 45, 8; 48, 
 2;57, 7f.;65, 7;70, 7f.;102, 11. 
 
 wer, derselbige: Disc. 68, 15 f. 
 
 wer, er: Disc. 62, 4. 
 
 BREITINGER: CRITISCHE 
 DICHTKUNST 
 
 A. The Relative after Neuter 
 Substantivized Adjectives 
 
 I. The Positive-Compara- 
 tive Category 
 
 was-clause. 364, 6. 
 
 das- (welches-) clauses, das- 
 clauses: 9, 13 f; 112,9 f.; 128, 15 f.; 
 183, 1.1.; 291, 12; 291, 13 f.; 292, 7; 
 362, 12; 390, 6 f. welches-clauses: 
 17, 2 f.; 59, 9; 62, 11; 67, 11 f.; 77, 
 12; 79, 8 f.; 117, 11 f.; 125,4; 134, 
 7f.; 183, 5f.; 193, 16; 211, 12; 
 263, 4 f.; 265,4; 291, 11; 292, 1.1.; 
 299, 11 f.; 353, 13; 448, 3 f. 
 
 11. The Superlative Category 
 was-clause, no example. 
 
 das- (welches-) clause, no ex- 
 ample. 
 
 B. The Relative after Pro- 
 nominal Antecedents 
 
 I. Demonstratives 
 Masculine or Feminine 
 
 der, der: 3, 2 f.; 59, 15; 114, 13; 
 123, 6f.; 262, 10 f.; 414, 2; 466, 
 9f.;467,6;467, 13f.;492, 3f. 
 
 derjenige, der: 13, 13 f.; 115, 
 3; 116, 5; 163, 6; 221, 11 f.; 269, 
 12 f.; 276, 16; 293, 4f.; 309, I.I.; 
 3>?>2>, 8f.; 358, llf.; 405, 14; 406, 
 15;446,5f.;455, 13f.;467, 7;481, 
 9; 496, 12 f.; 496, 9 f. 
 
 derjenige, welcher: 6, 9; 12,8; 
 98, 14 f.; 101, 15; 125, 10; 327, 2; 
 338, 5 f.; 372, 8; 399, 10; 488, 10 f. 
 
 jener, der: 113, 4f. 
 
 Neuter 
 
 das, was: 7, 2 f.; 32, 5 f.; 42, 9 
 42, 13; 66, 6f.; 109, 10; 119, 2 
 123, 15; 126, 14; 135, 14; 136, 8 
 138,8; 138, 11; 138, 16; 138, 14 f. 
 138, 13 f.; 140, 13 f.; 141, 6 f.; 141 
 3f.; 142, 3 f.; 156, 10; 179,3; 212 
 4 f.; 224, 11 f.; 262, 5 f.; 274, 4 
 280, 14; 281, 10; 315, 13; 315, 14 
 356, 9; 363, 5; 396, 5; 400, 1; 402 
 12 f.; 483, 15; 489, 5; 490, 6; 494, 4 
 
 das, so: 59, 13; 59, 16; 171 
 2f. 
 
24 
 
 GERMAN RELATRTS IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 dasjenige,was: 53,12; 96, 5, f. 
 Ill, 12 f.; 132, 12; 132, 15 f.; 140 
 15f.;154, 1;163, 12;170, 13f.;174 
 6; 199, 3f.; 204, 6f.; 264, 14 f. 
 266, 1.1.; 270, 14 f.; 277, 2f.; 279 
 15; 280, 1.1.; 284, 12 f.; 309, 14 
 324, 2; 357, 12; 396, 3; 408, 4; 416 
 7f.; 430, 1.1.; 432, 16; 452, 1 
 456, 12; 465, 7f.; 472, 15-15 f. 
 477, 5; 477, 12; 492, 1.1.; 493, 2. 
 
 dasjenige, so: 292, 8 f. 
 
 dieses, was: 16, 15 f.; 117, 11. 
 
 II. Indefinites 
 Masculine or Feminine 
 anderer, der: 105, 7; 163, 13 f.; 
 333, l.L; 411,2 f. 
 
 anderer, so: 114, 2 f. 
 einer, der: 456, 5 f. 
 jeder, der: 111, 11; 227, 7. 
 jemand, der: 113,4f. 
 solcher, der: 98, 12 f. 
 solcher, welcher: 98, 8 f. 
 
 Neuter 
 
 alles, was: 7, 7f.; 17, 8f.; 52, 
 3; 53, 7f.; 54, 3; 55, 5; 55, 8; 71, 
 14; 84, 6; 91, 3f.; 92, 4f.; 93, 
 5; 94, 11; 110,9; lll,8f.-6f.; 112, 
 l;113,7f.;123,4;130,5f.-2f.;134, 
 6-9; 134, 12; 134, 3f.; 134, 1.1.; 
 202, 3; 268, 2f.; 270, 11; 276, 12; 
 303, 4f.; 381, 2f.; 391, 2f.; 431, 
 3; 433, 15; 439, 10; 441, 15 f.; 477, 
 7 f.; 483, 13; 491,5 f. 
 
 anders, das: 354, 5 f. 
 
 es,was: 109, 5; 503, 11 f. 
 
 etwas, was: 123, 13 f.; 439, 
 13 f. 
 
 etwas, das: 126, 7f.; 138, 4f.; 
 194, 15 f.; 268, 11 f.; 474, 1. 
 
 etwas, welches: 138, 2 f. 
 
 nichts, was: 101, 13; 154, 7f.; 
 296, 12; 356, 13; 476, 2; 492, 14 f. 
 
 nichts, das: 94, 12 f.; 233, 
 5f.;423, 2;483, 7. 
 
 III. Personal Pronouns 
 (no examples) 
 
 C. The Relative after a Sen- 
 tence OR Phrase 
 
 was: 162, 10; 341,4 f. 
 
 welches: 10, 4 f.; 16, 3; 21, 2 
 35, 6; 37, 16; 70, 2; 76, 13 f.; 80^ 
 6; 115, 6f.; 119, 2; 140, 4f.; 148 
 8f.; 152, 5f.; 156, 9; 189, note 
 12; 193, 10; 196, note, 8; 205, 12 
 236, 2; 251, lOf.; 256, 6 f.; 284, 14 
 289, 12 f.; 290, 9; 300, 7 f.; 306, 3 
 314, 12; 342, 2f.; 352, 5f.; 354 
 7f.; 356, 10 f.; 400, 15 f.; 460, 15 
 498, 1; 501, 14 f. 
 
 was anbelanget (betrifft, an- 
 gehet, anianget.anbetrifft. beriihr- 
 et):90, 12; 104, 13; 113, 13; 126,3; 
 137, 7; 143, 13 f.; 144, 12 f.; 147, 
 8 f.; 157, 4; 158, 10; 193, 12 f.; 201, 
 8 f.; 205, 2 f.; 267, 15; 273, 10; 282, 
 14; 300, 5; 374, 1; 374, 5f.; 396, 
 6f.; 447, 11; 448, 11 f.; 454, 10; 
 456, 2; 467, 12; 501, 2 f. 
 
 D. The Indefinite Relatives 
 wer: 40, 2f.; 129, 4; 213, 11; 
 
 221, 1; 248,6; 248, 8 f.; 364, 12 f.; 
 442, 14 f.; 457, 7f.; 487,9 f.; 501, 
 12 f. 
 
 wer, der: 50, 1.1.; 116. 11 f.; 
 161, 14; 219, 1.1.; 290, 14; 295, 
 
GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 25 
 
 6 f.; 334, 8; 358, 6 f.; 360, 14; 457, 
 6; 472, 8 f.; 485, 9; 488, 4 f. 
 
 ENGEL: HERR LORENZ 
 
 STARK, DER PHILOSOPH 
 
 FUR DIE WELT 
 
 A. The Relative after Neuter 
 Substantivized Adjectives 
 The Positive-Comparative 
 
 Category 
 
 was-clauses. HLS^ 428, 5f.; 
 Phil.2 219, 7f. 
 
 das- (welches-) clauses, das- 
 clauses: HLS 323, 3; 371, 18; 373, 
 6f.; 409, 2f.; 442, 10; Phil. 37, 
 5f.; 76, 3; 167, 10 f.; 310, 8; 336, 
 9f. welches-clause: Phil. 35, 3 f . 
 II. The Superlative Category 
 
 was-clauses. HLS 326, 3; 430, 
 9;442, 20;Phil. 254, 2f. 
 
 das-clause. Phil. 158, 2 f. 
 
 B. The Relative after Pro- 
 nominal Antecedents 
 
 I. Demonstratives 
 Masculine or Feminine 
 
 der, der: HLS 388, 37; 420, 
 18; Phil. 7, 3f.; 12, 2f.; 30, 5; 
 36, 1.1.; 81, 3; 123, 6f.; 174, 10; 
 249, 3f.; 250, 6f.; 292, 10; 368, 
 7f. 
 
 der,welcher: HLS 321, 17. 
 
 derjenige, der: HLS 406, 
 13; Phil. 126, 10; 190, 8; 202, 
 5f.;236,4f. 
 
 derselbige, welcher: Phil. 343, 
 2f. 
 
 dieser, der: HLS 354, 9; 418, 
 34. 
 
 ' HLS = Herr Lorenz Stark. 
 
 » Phil. = Der Philosoph fur die Welt. 
 
 Neuter 
 
 das, was: HLS 338, 29; 344 
 1.1.; 346, 6; 360, 36; 378, 24; 403 
 25; 420, 29; 431, 12; 434, 28; Phil 
 8, 1;9, 10; 25, 5; 47, 8; 58, 5; 74 
 5f.; 78, 3; 83, 6; 100, 1.1.; 101, 2 
 105, 2; 107, 8; 118, 1; 121, 3 f. 
 122,2; 124, 2 f.; 143, 5 f.; 150, 6 f. 
 158, 6; 173, 6; 173, 4f.; 176, 3 f . 
 210, 9f.; 215, 9f.; 226, 5; 247, 6 
 261, 1; 261,7 f.; 263, 7; 264, 5; 267 
 10; 287, 9f.; 289, 3; 344, 3; 348 
 8; 365, 2; 369, 5. 
 
 dasjenige, was: Phil. 68, 8 f. 
 
 dieses, was: Phil. 133, 10 f. 
 
 dieses und jenes, was: HLS 
 442, 35. 
 
 II. Indefinites 
 Masculine or Feminine 
 
 alle, die: HLS 321, 20; Phil. 
 78, 6; 100, 6; 106, 3. 
 
 anderer, der: HLS 338, 25; 
 450, 14; Phil. 149, l;183,3f. 
 
 einer, der: HLS 366, 31. 
 
 der einzige, der: HLS 335, 2. 
 
 mancher, der: Phil. 87, 7. 
 
 niemand, der: HLS 408, 1. 
 
 solcher, der: Phil. 38, 6f.; 38, 
 5f. 
 
 wenige, die: Phil. 9, 6. 
 
 Neuter 
 alles, was: HLS 330, 31; 336, 
 10; 352, 5; 354, 6; 368, 12; 404, 
 27; 412, 4; 421, 10; 427, 13; 428, 
 26; 445, 30; 447, 30; Phil. 19, 10; 
 28, 6; 32, 6f.; 34, 7; 63, 3; 79, 
 5; 82, 10; 82, 10 f.; 108, 5; 138, 
 
26 
 
 GERMAN RELATIVES EST EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 5f.; 159, 10 f.; 168, 10; 216, 9f.; 63, 6f.; 100, 9; 100, 10; 163, 3; 
 227, 4 f.; 237, 6; 249, 9; 298, 4 f. 209, 3; 250, 2; 286, 7. 
 
 anderes, was: Phil. 349, 10. 
 
 anderes,das: Phil. 94, 7 f.; 164, 
 8£. 
 
 das einzige, was: HLS 374, 
 3f.;Phil. 200, 7;246, 10. 
 
 es,das: HLS 329, 4. 
 
 es, was: HLS 387, 15. 
 
 etwas, das: Phil. 154, 7 f. 
 
 nichts, was: HLS 325, 29; 332, 
 4; 332, 5; 419, 13; Phil. 365, 1.1. 
 
 nichts, das: Phil. 256, 3 f. 
 
 432, 27; 448, 25. 
 
 III. Personal Pronouns 
 der: HLS 340, 20; 372, 24; 
 415, 6; 416, 5; 424, 31; 440, 27; 
 Phil. 11, 10; 17, 9; 97, 4f.; 178, 
 6f.;246, 1;253, 10; 312, 5 f.; 341, 
 8; 343, 4 f. 
 
 C. The Relative after a Sen- 
 tence OR Phr-ase 
 
 was: HLS 344, 20; 347, 8; 381, 
 15; 401, 30; 401, 39; 410, 31; 414, 
 21;Phil. 169,4; 196, 10 f. 
 
 welches: Phil. 140, 6 f. 
 
 was betrifft: HLS 332, 35; 336, 
 36;417,23. 
 
 D. The Indefinite Relatives 
 der: HLS ill, 28; 330, 5; 433, 
 
 22; Phil. 194,9 f. 
 
 wer: HLS 345, 21; 360, 34; 
 401, Zy, 443, 15; Phil. 3, 6; 265, 
 4 f.; 310, 6. 
 
 FICHTE: DIE BESTIMMUNG 
 DES MENSCHEN, GRUND- 
 LAGE DER GESAMTEN 
 WISSENSCHAFTSLEHRE 
 
 A. The Relative after Neuter 
 Substantivized Adjectives 
 
 I. The Positive-Compara- 
 tive Category 
 was-clauses. Best.^ 57, 3f.; 
 188, 9; 235, 4; Grundl.^ 103, 22; 
 
 das wenige, was: HLS 2>ZZ, 9; 162, 8. 
 
 das- (welches-) clauses, das- 
 clauses: Best. 42, 12; 42, 13; 94, 
 4f.; 101, 8; 181, 7f.; 182, 9f.; 
 220, 5; 257, 6f.; 301, 10; Grundl. 
 187, 8 f.; 199,10; 209, 1; 217, 8 f. 
 Welches-clauses: Best. 132, 12; 
 140, 6; 149, 11 f.; 293, 1.1.; 301, 
 11; Grundl. 84, 2f.; 120, 13; 169, 
 1.1.;209,4;213,6;217, 11. 
 II. The Superlative Category 
 was-clauses. Best. 227, 12; 
 264, 2. 
 
 das- (welches-) clauses, no 
 example. 
 
 B. The Relative after Pro- 
 nominal Antecedents 
 I. Demonstratives 
 Masctdine or Feminine 
 der, der: Best. 10, 2; 33, 11 f.; 
 212, 2 f.; 312, 6 f. 
 
 derjenige, der: Best. Intr. 4, 
 5f.;13,9;48,6;211,6-8;271,llf.; 
 
 wer, der: HLS 331, 30; 331, 281, 6 f.; 302, 10; 314, 8 f. 
 31; 357, 5; Phil. 39, 9, 10 f., 8f.; derjenige, welcher: Best. 51, 
 
 ^ Best. = Die Bestimmung des Menschen. 
 
 ' Grundl. = Grundlage der gesamten Wissenschaf tslehre. 
 
GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 27 
 
 4 f.; 302, 4; Grundl. 14, 5; 162, 15. 
 
 derselbe, der: Grundl. 190, 12. 
 Neuter 
 
 das, was: Best. 3, 3f.-2f.; 4, 
 7f.; 35, 9f.; 36, 9f.; 40, 9f.; 49, 
 2f.;51,9f.;57,5f.;60, 3f.;65, 6; 
 74, 1; 74, 12; 78, 11 f.; 84, 5 f.; 
 95, 1; 96, 12; 97, 10 f.; 98, 10; 
 100, 9; 103, 1; 130, 5; 137, 11 f.; 
 160,5; 162, 9 f.; 170, 6 f.; 183, 4 f.; 
 192, 7 ; 192, 2 f. ; 193, 5 f.; 247, 10 f.; 
 254, 10f.-9f.;258, 10; 280, 5; 303, 
 9f.; 311, 5; 316, 5; 2>Z2>, 1.1.; 336, 
 10; Grundl. 6, 15; 10, 7; 10, N, 
 U.; 21, 1.1.; 30, 9 f.; 64, N, 3; 90, 
 12; 104, 3f.; 107, 12 f.; 109, 15 f.; 
 128, 13 f.; 130, 4f.; 135, 6f.; 138, 
 11 f.; 141, 'f.; 141, 2f.; 154, 4; 
 170, 3; 170, 6; 177, 16; 183, 11; 
 183, 13; 197, 4; 198,1.1.; 204, 2f.; 
 220, 10 f. 
 
 das, das: Best. 208, 11 f.; 
 Grundl. 71, 10. 
 
 das, welches: Grundl. 22 1> 
 11-12. 
 
 dasjenige, was: Best. 5, 1.1.; 
 6, 1;33, 9f.; 102,5; 122,9; 131,4; 
 142, 11; 204,5 f.; 286, 11; 311,9 f.; 
 Grundl. 4, 5; 4, 9; 5, 9; 5, 16; 8, 
 4f.; 10, 1.1.; 13, 4; 14, 16; 16, 11; 
 29, 5f.; 45, 14; 77, 4f.; 102, 9f.; 
 106, 1.1.; Ill, 8f.; 134, 14; 163, 
 13 f. 
 
 dasjenige, welches: Best. 54, 
 4; Grundl. 21, 13 f.; 67, 2f.; 112, 
 4; 128, 3; 155, 1; 220, 10; 220, 13; 
 222, 5 f. 
 
 dasjenige, das : Grundl. 33, 9 f . ; 
 68, 3; 185, 8 f. 
 
 dasselbe, was: Best. 200, 4; 
 217,1.1.; 220, 2 f.; 241, 11; 248, 6 f. 
 
 dieses oder jenes, das: Best. 
 40,6. 
 
 dieses, was: Best. 80, 8f.; 80, 
 5f. 
 
 II. Indefinites 
 Masculine or Feminine 
 
 alle, die: Best. 311, 7; 326, 8 f. 
 
 anderer, der: Best. 26, 4; 41, 
 11 f. 
 
 anderer, welcher: Best. 315, 4. 
 
 einer, der: Best. 236, 10 f. 
 
 jeder, der: Best. 122, 3; 125, 
 7; 228, 10 f.; 337, 5; Grundl. 138, 
 N, 6f. 
 
 keiner, der: Best. 197, 6f.; 
 212, 8 f.; 244, 2; 326, 10 f.; Grundl. 
 131, 15. 
 
 solcher, der: Grundl. 192, 2 f . 
 
 wenige, die: Best. 223, 1. 
 
 Neuter 
 
 alles, was: Best. 10, 6; 11, 8 
 25, 4f.; 26, 1; 34, 10-11; 34, 5 f . 
 49, 9f.; 66, 7; 103, 3; 137, 1 
 170, 10 f.; 184, 6; 190, 5f.; 199 
 4; 205, 9 f.; 210, 11 f.; 223,4; 259 
 6f.; 273, 6; 296, 3; 303, 1; 311 
 7f.; 311, 5f.; 318,9; 322, 2; 329 
 12; 331, 2f.; Grundl. 4, 11; 14, 6 
 22, 6; 25, 11 f.; 30, 1.1.; 2,Z, 12 f. 
 42, 12 f.; 48, 3; 50, 5; 66, 1; 66 
 9f.; 70, 14 f.; 95, 12 f.; 138,9 f. 
 188, 12; 204, 8; 220, 12 f. 
 
 alles, das: Best. 269, 4 f. 
 
 alles,welches: Grundl. 220, 12 f 
 
 anderes,was: Best. 203,5 f. 
 
 das einige, das: Best. 258, 9 f 
 
28 
 
 GERMAN RELATRTS IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 eins, das: Best. 293, 9; 298, 
 
 10 f; 321, 10. 
 das einzige, was: Best. 6, 5; 
 
 173, 6. 
 
 es, was: Best. 53, 9f.; 227, 
 U.; 311, 1.1. 
 
 es, das: Best. 15, 5f.; 17, 9; 
 53, 3; 53, 5; 113, 3; 181, 8; 207, 
 8f.;327, 9f.;Grundl. 107, 12 f. 
 
 etwas, was: Best. 97, 2f.; 
 Grundl. 34, 10; 198, 15. 
 
 etwas, das: Best. 136, 2; 144, 
 11; 154, 1.1.; 173, 9; 175, 3 f.; 176, 
 
 11 f.; 183, 11; 215, 3f.; 221, 11; 
 263, 1.1.; Grundl. 7, 2f.; 17, 9 
 (twice) ; 43, 8 f . ; 47, 2-3 ; 103, 1 1 f . ; 
 166, 9 f.; 166, 6 f.; 192,3; 192, 11; 
 192, 15 f.; 197, 11; 198, 4f.; 204, 
 10 f. 
 
 etwas, welches: Best. 143, 3 f.; 
 181, 5f.; Grundl. 165,4; 192,4. 
 
 das Gleiche, was: Grundl. 60, GELLERT: 
 
 C. The Relative .^fter a Sen- 
 tence OR Phrase 
 was: Best. 194, 2; Grundl. 72, 
 
 13 f.; 192, 3 f.; 197, 4 f. 
 
 welches: Best. 18, 2f.; 296, 
 5 f; Grundl. 15, 7; 32, 4; 32, 7; 50, 
 9f.; 69, 12 f.; 75, 3f.; 77, 3f.; 80, 
 3; 81, 11; 94, 8; 96, 14 f.; 128, 8; 
 159, 11; 162, 13 f.; 169, 10 f.; 190, 
 3; 194, 6 f.; 195, 12 f.; 198, 1; 206, 
 4; 206, lOf.; 207, 11; 207,4 f.; 208, 
 5 f.; 209, 6. 
 
 was anbelangt (betrift): Best. 
 20, 8; 20, 11 f. 
 
 D. The Indefinite Relatives 
 der: Best. 33, 1.l. 
 wer da: Best. 197, 3 1; 197, 
 
 2f. 
 
 wer, der: Best. 194, 3f.; 246, 
 11; Grundl. 123, N, 9. 
 
 LEBEN DER 
 
 SCHWED. GRAFIN VON G, 
 FUNFTER THEIL 
 
 A. The Relative after Neuter 
 
 SUBSTANTmZED ADJECTIVES 
 
 I. The Positive-Compara- 
 tive Category 
 was-clauses, no examples. 
 das- (welches-) clauses, das- 
 clauses: Leben^ 208, 9f.; 223, 8; 
 228, 3; Funfter^ 16, 12; 75, 4; 179, 
 der: Best. 29, 1; 53, 4 f.; 54, 2; 6; 218, 10; 218, 15 f.; 264, 6; 266, 
 121,8; 188, 10; 193, 5 f.; 198, 8 f.; 4 f.; 269, 2;277,3f.welches-clause: 
 201, 11; 204, 4f.; 237, 2; 265, 2; Funfter 257, 10. 
 295, 10 f.; 299, 5; 305, 2; 335, 10 f.; II. The Superlative Category 
 
 336, 4; 338, 4; Grundl. 105, 15. was-clauses. Leben 263, 8; 
 
 welcher: Best. Intr. 5, 2 f.; 156, 325, 7. 
 8; 332, 4. 
 
 * Leben = Leben der Schwedischen Grafin von G. 
 ' Fiinfter = Sammtliche Schriften (Funfter Theil). 
 
 1.1. 
 
 nichts, was: Best. Intr. 4, 10 f.; 
 78, 7; Grundl. 65, 14f.;65, 12 f. 
 
 nichts, das: Best. 224, 11; 
 Grundl. 128, 2 f. 
 
 solches, das: Best. 108, 11; 
 108, 10 f. 
 
 das iibrige, was: Grundl. 173, 
 8f. 
 
 III. Personal Pronouns 
 
GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 29 
 
 das (welches-) clauses, no 
 example. 
 
 B. The Relative after Pro- 
 nominal Antecedents 
 
 I. Demonstratives 
 Masculine or Feminine 
 
 der, der: Leben 311, 3 f.; 32)3, 
 10 f.; 341, 4 f.; 353, 8; 358, 14; 359, 
 13; 420, 2; 426, 15 f.; Funfter 7, 
 3 f.; 40, 5; 10, 11 f.; 21, 2 f.; 34, 12; 
 47, 14; 49, 7; 49, 12 f.; 51, 5; 53, 
 4; 53, 9; 95, 5; 96, 13; 96, 5f.; 96, 
 3f.; 109, 11 f.; 119, 14 f.; 141, 9 f.; 
 143, 4; 146, 6f.; 151, 3; 161, 6; 
 162,8 f.; 164,7 f.; 181,10; 216,11; 
 223, 9; 236, 1; 240, 8; 263, 2. 
 
 der, welcher: Funfter 31, 12; 
 
 117, 15 f.; 161, 8; 202, 4 f. 
 der, so: Funfter 281, 9 f. 
 derjenige, der: Leben 294, 5 
 
 319, 7; 389, 12 f.; Funfter 1, 8; 10 
 12; 21, 10 f.; 22, 14-15 f.; 24, 3 
 30, 14f.;30, 12f.;34, 7 f.; 36, 8 
 50, 12 f.; 62, 5; 72,4 f.; 74, 6; 75, 9 
 
 118, 4; 122, 2; 122, 14; 162, 14 f. 
 167, 11; 178, 15; 213, 7; 216, 8 
 216, 3 f.; 240, 9 f.; 263, 1;216, 14. 
 
 derjenige, welcher: Funfter 12, 
 3f.;51, 10f.;54, 8; 117, 4f.; 157, 
 9 f.; 161, 3 f.; 184, 3. 
 
 jener, der: Funfter 60, 6. 
 
 Neuter 
 das, was: Leben 249, 8 f.; 281, 
 3f.; 287, 7f.; 323, 5; ?>3,?>, 14 f. 
 341, 2; 359, 11 f.; 359, 10 f.; 360^ 
 6; 376, 7; 387, 1; 387, 5; 387, 15 
 397, 12 f.; 406, 3; 406, 10 f.; 407, 13 
 429, 15 f.; 432, 5 f.: 433, 7; 445, 9 
 
 Funfter 3, 5f.; 5, 3f.; 8, 6; 12, 7 
 13, 9 f.; 17, 5; 22, 7; 29, 11; 34, 9 
 35, 9; 39, 9; 42, 7f.;50, 7; 51, 13 
 
 59, 3f.; 61, 2f.; 62, 3f.; 68, 9 f . 
 71, 3; 71, 11; 108, 11; 116, 10; 120^ 
 5f.;121,4;125, 14;126, 12f.;131 
 2; 132, 13; 134, 11 f.; 134,1.1.; 136 
 2; 148, 8f.; 149, 14; 149, 12 f. 
 149, 6 f.; 166, 12; 173, 1; 175, 6 f. 
 181,7; 186, 4 f.; 188, 9 f.; 191, 3 f. 
 198, 14; 218, 6; 235, 12 f.; 236, 4 
 236,9;237, llf.;242, 15; 245, 4 f. 
 252, 10 f.; 267, 13; 279, 5 f. 
 
 dasjenlge, was: Funfter 7, 11; 
 61, 10 f.; 146, 8 f. 
 
 dieses, was: Funfter 117, 4. 
 II. Indefinites 
 Masculine or Feminine 
 alle, die: Funfter 23, 2; 30, 5 f. 
 anderer, der: Funfter 32, 3; 
 
 60, 11 f.; 65, 8; 66, 3; 118, 7; 122, 
 6; 133, 8 f.; 137, 2; 269, 4. 
 
 anderer, welcher: Funfter 35, 
 7f.;35,2f. 
 
 einer, der: Funfter 21, 1.1.; 50, 
 3; 65, 14 f.; 66, 9. 
 
 einige, die: Funfter 35, 10 f. 
 
 jemand, der: Leben 265, 6f.; 
 294, 6 f. 
 
 die meisten, die: Funfter 121, 
 1. 
 
 niemand, der: Funfter 75, 7. 
 
 solcher, der: Funfter 180, 1.1. 
 
 viele, die: Funfter 73, 14 f. 
 
 viele, welche: Funfter 17, 9; 
 95,3; 146,15. 
 
 Neuter 
 alles, was: Leben 259, 11 f.; 
 263, 1; 321, 10 f.; 333, 5 f.; 340, 
 
30 
 
 GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 8; 341, 8f.; 345, 9f.; 352, 2f.; 
 356, 10 f.; 358, 9 f.; 360, 9f.:362, 
 7; 365, 13; 383, 5; 407, 5; 412, 
 4f.; 413, 10; 444, 12; Fiinfter 23, 
 8; 35, 9 f.; 41, 5; 46, 12; 69, 9; 69, 
 10f.;97, 14 f.; 107, 8; 130, 1.1.; 149, 
 15; 161, 13; 174, 1.1.; 196, 8 f.; 
 214, 1.1. 
 
 es, was: Leben 315, 4; Fiinfter 
 200, 6 f . 
 
 etwas, was: Fiinfter 19, 11 f.; 
 150, 9. 
 
 etwas, das: Leben 237, 9f.; 
 Fiinfter 134, 9. 
 
 das Ganze, das: Fiinfter 158, 
 14. 
 
 nichts, was: Leben 225, 11; 
 Fiinfter 47, 7. 
 
 nichts, das: Fiinfter 102, 6; 
 151, 12; 223, 6. 
 
 das wenigste, was: Leben 252, 
 15 f. 
 
 in. Personal Pronouns 
 
 der: Leben 339, 8 f. ; 368, 15 f. 
 401, 15 f.; 423, 14; 442, 12 f. 
 Fiinfter 138, 7; 212, 8 f.; 212, 3 f. 
 267, 2. 
 
 C. The Relatr'e after a Sen- 
 tence OR PHRy\SE 
 
 was: Leben 371, 13; Fiinfter 
 37, 12. 
 
 D. The Indefinite Relatives 
 der: Funfter 56, 9f.; 96, 11; 
 
 96, 12; 108, 11. 
 
 wer: Leben 282, 4f.; 284, 14; 
 Funfter 11, 1.1.; 65, 14; 66, 3; 
 74, 7f.; 215, 7f.; 229, 15 f.; 234, 
 12 f.; 235, 13. 
 
 ' DuW = Dichtung und Wahrheit. 
 
 * WML = Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre 
 
 wer, der: Leben 265, 8; 265 
 15; 271, 9 f.; 290, 13; 310, 12; 390 
 13; Fiinfter 3, 7f.;3, 4f.; 11, 3 f. 
 24, 14 f.; 25, 8; 32, 10; 56, 4; 65 
 6f.-2f.; 68, 15; 104, 6f.; 112, 9 
 
 128, 9; 131, 8; 144, 15; 148, 7 f. 
 163, 4; 163, 9; 169, 7f.; 215, 3 f . 
 224, 14 f.; 229, 14; 271, 8 f.-7 f. 
 273, 5 f.; 281, 9 f. 
 
 GOETHE: DICHTUNG UND 
 WAHRHEIT, WILHELIM MEIS- 
 TERS LEHRJAHRE. 
 
 A. The Relative after Neuter 
 Substantivized Adjectives 
 
 I. The Positive-Compara- 
 tive Category 
 
 was-clauses. DuW^ 48, 14 f.; 
 132,9f.;240, llf.;265, 12f. 
 
 das-clauses. DuW 46, 7; 59, 
 9f.; 63, 7; 88, 5; 89, 2; 135, 3f.; 
 WML2 80, 14. 
 
 II. The Superlative Category 
 was-clauses. DuW 131, 13 f. 
 134, 3f.; 162, 13 f.; 174, 10 f. 
 271, 4; 323, 1; WML 12, 3; 87, 6 f. 
 
 129, 13. 
 
 X das- (welches-) clauses, no ex- 
 amples. 
 
 B. The Relative after Pro- 
 nominal Antecedents 
 
 I. Demonstratives 
 
 Masculine or Feminine 
 
 der, der: DuW\S, 8; 42, 4; 271, 
 
 12; 291, 7f.;309, 15; 318, 12; 334, 
 
 llf.;335, 4f.; WML5, 6;42, 10; 
 
 52, 13; 58, 11 f.; 108, 12-14; 118, 
 
GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 31 
 
 15; 132, 1; 190, 11 f; 191, 2; 227, 
 1.1.;248, 15;296, 15. 
 
 der, welcher: DuW 89, 9f.; 
 117, 10;215,4f.;328,9. 
 
 derjenige, der: DuW 17, 3; 
 27, 9; 90, 12; 105, 11 f.; 118, 1; 
 120, 3 f.; 154, 11 f.; 165, 12 f.; 215, 
 12; 239, 4; 244, 13; 265, 9; 292, 12; 
 296, 4f.; 335, 9f.; WML 191, 1; 
 245,9f.;247, 15;248, 14. 
 
 derjenige, welcher: DuW 86, 
 2 f. ; 199, 14; 321, 9; WML 39, 14 f.; 
 284, 2. 
 
 dieser, der: DuW 152, 5f.; 
 WML 144, 5 f.; 161, 1; 179, 11 f. 
 
 jener, der: DuW 101, 4. 
 
 jener, welcher: DuW 148, 9. 
 
 Neuler 
 
 das, was: DuW 12, 7; 30, 7 f.; 
 44, 6f.; 47, 14; 64, 11 f.; 105, 5; 
 131, 13; 136, 2; 142, 6; 175, 1.1.; 
 227, 3f.; 228, 13; 278, 9; 288, 6; 
 288, 7f.; 311, 7-8; 334, 2; WML 
 12, 12; 16, 11 f.; 25, 7; 30, 11; 34, 
 6f.; 46, 7; 54, 2; 55, 7f.; 57, 1; 
 57, 12; 126, 2f.; 128, 11; 131, 8; 
 133, 9; 168, 6f.; 190, 1.1.; 191, 15; 
 192, 8 f.; 215, 14; 263, 9 f.; 299, 12. 
 
 dasjenige, was: DuW 12, 6; 
 18, 13; 75, 3; 77, lOf.; 201, 6f.; 
 249, 3; WML 16, 12 f.; 126, 4 f.; 
 237, 15. 
 
 dasjenige, welches: WML 265, 
 15. 
 
 II. Indefinites 
 
 Masculine or Feminine 
 anderer, der: DuW 103, 6; 
 335, 6; WML 191, 8 f. 
 
 anderer, welcher: DuW 74, 4. 
 einer, der: DuW 103, 2. 
 einige, die: WML 127, 7. 
 der einzelne, der: DuW 230, 
 
 7f. 
 
 jeder, der: DuW 194, 4 f.; 310, 
 14 f.; WML 117, 2; 188, 9 f. 
 
 jemand, der: DuW 140, 2; 
 271, 14 f.; WML 316, 10. 
 
 Neuier 
 
 alles, was: DuW 14, 6; 17, 
 4f.; 26, 8f.; 30, 7f.; 37, 4f.; 56, 
 31; 85, 7f.; 110, 1; 148, 4; 148, 
 11; 154, 6 f.; 169, 4; 171, 10 f.; 199, 
 12; 215, 14 f.; 224, 7 f.; 255, 6; 268, 
 14; 290, 13 f.; 290, 8f.; 291, 5 f.; 
 311, 12; 312, 12;WML7,9f.-8f.; 
 188, 2 f. 
 
 anders, was: DuW 38, 5f.; 
 WML 158, 10. 
 
 anders, das: DuW 92, 8. 
 
 eins, was: WML 110, 9. 
 
 eins, das: WML 229, 6. 
 
 das einzige, was: DuW 99, 8; 
 WML 36, 3. 
 
 etwas, was: DuW 5, 5; WML 
 266, 8. 
 
 etwas, das: WML 49, 12; 203, 
 27; 259, 5; 281, 2-3; 302, 11. 
 
 etwas, welches: DuW 145, 24. 
 
 das Ganze, das: WML 34, 2 f.; 
 81, 3; 152, 8 f. 
 
 manches, was: DuW 115, 2. 
 
 das Meiste, was: WML 192, 
 15. 
 
 nichts, was: DuW 130, 7; 229, 
 9; WML 45, 24; 181, 10. 
 
 das iibrige, was: WML 122, 3. 
 
 vieles, was: DuW 38, 14. 
 
32 
 
 GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 III. Personal Pronouns 
 der: DuW 94, 14; 95, 2; 190, 
 13; 217, 13 f.; 302, 8f.; WML 19, 
 2; 49, 1.1.; 54, 3f.; 128, 2-3; 129, 
 12f.;146, 1;205, 11;209,8. 
 
 C. The Relative after a Sen- 
 tence OR Phrase, 
 
 was: DuW 48, 9f.; 81, 11 f.; 
 170, 2; WAIL 27,4 f. 
 
 welches: DuW 5, 8f.; 12, 2; 
 27, 4 f.; 43, 14; 107, 5 f.; 109, 13 f.; 
 130, 13 f.; 134, 14; 136, 7; 141, 11; 
 142, 5f.; 155, 11 f.; 169, 4f.; 192, 
 14f.;226, 9f.;227, 8f.;234, 12 f.; 
 252, 5; 256, 14; 274, 5; 277, 1.1.; 
 282, 2; 333, 14; 337, 5; WML 28, 
 4; 251, 3 f. 
 
 was betriift: DuW 8, 5; 47, 4; 
 144, 6; 202, 5f.; 229, 1; 230, 1.1.; 
 243, 10 f.; 257, 5f.; 265, 2f.; 
 WML 190, 1. 
 
 D. The Indefinite Relatives 
 der: WML 248, 6; 248, 9. 
 wer: DuW 19, 4f.; 129, 3; 
 
 129, 12; 246, 10; 325, 8f.; WML 
 17, 6 f.; 80, 12 f.; 127,9; 131, 8 f.- 
 4f.;220, 13;225, 13. 
 
 wer da: WML 149, 4 f. 
 
 GOTTSCHED: VERSUCH LIN- 
 ER CRITISCHEN DICHT- 
 KUNST 
 
 A. The Relative after Neuter 
 Substantivized Adjectives 
 I. The Positive-Compara- 
 tive Category 
 was-clauses, no example. 
 das- (welches-) clauses, das- 
 clause: 190, 17 f. Welches-clauses: 
 
 165, 6 f.; 183, 12 f.; 413, 3; 413, 6 f 
 so-clauses. 162, 14 f.; 170, 16 f. 
 
 170, 1.1.; 173, 8f.; 176, 5; 177, 18 
 
 177, 20; 183, 17; 368, 4; 378, 7 f. 
 
 698, 15; 700, 12. 
 
 II. The Superlative Category 
 was-clauses. 157, 3; 157, 5; 
 
 647, 5 f.; 721, 9 f. 
 
 Welches-clause. 711, 13. 
 
 B. The Relative after Pro- 
 nominal Antecedents 
 
 I. Demonstratives 
 Masailine or Feminine 
 
 der, der: 81, 2f.; 92, 1.1.; 102, 
 16 f.; 110, 6f.; 116, 11; 122, 18 
 181, 8; 210, 13; 220, 10; 278, 9 f. 
 323, 13; 338, llf.; 356, 19 f. 
 452, 4; 546, 17; 575, 10; 575, 17 
 638, 15; 653, 2f.; 664, llf.; 729, 
 8 f.; 730, 4. 
 
 der, welcher: 118, 16; 520, 6; 
 615, llf. 
 
 der, so: 125, 6; 338, 17; 615, 
 14;618, 15;701, 16 f. 
 
 derjenige, der: Intr. 3b, 13 
 Intr. 7b, 8; 91, 15; 99, 5 f.; 118, 4 
 120, 13; 128, 3; 129, 18 f.; 155, 6 
 206, 14 f.; 208, llf.; 272, 12; 327 
 2f.; 328, 9 f.; 349,6; 520,17; 547,12 
 547, 9 f.; 616, 17 f.; 649, 8 f . 
 691, 2; 700, 13; 718,18; 732, 12 f 
 
 derjenige, so: Intr. 7b, llf. 
 68, 12; 88, 16 f.; 119, 6 f.; 171, 7 f. 
 654, 12, 
 
 Xcutcr 
 das, was: Intr. 7a, 13 f.; Intr. 
 7b, 7 f.; 80, 7; 83, 15; 93, 15f.;97, 
 6; 121, 13; 123, 11; 124, 17 f.; 126, 
 
GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 33 
 
 13 f.; 133, 8f.; 139, 2f.; 143, 2 f . 
 170, 5f.; 172, 1; 174, 11; 177, 13 
 187, 14; 191, 18; 194, 3; 206, 15 f. 
 210, 5; 215, 12 f.; 240, 18; 253, 12 f. 
 254, 13; 257, 15£.; 259, 18; 260 
 7f.; 260, 6f.; 281, 5; 301, 5; 324 
 17; 324, 8f.; 325, 14; 328, 18 f. 
 328, 17 f.; 346, 14; 418, 15; 438 
 9f.; 438, 5f.; 440, 2f.; 440, l.l. 
 576, 12 f.; 609, 10; 610, 15 f. 
 615, 11; 650, 1; 664, 9f.; 668, 1.1. 
 671, 16; 699, 4f.; 700, 1; 704 
 7f.; 715, 17; 717, 2; 717, 3f.; 720 
 7 f.; 735, 14. 
 
 dasjenige, was: Intr. 2b, 10 f. 
 Intr. 5b, 10 f.; Intr. 7a, 7; 90, 3 
 92, 12; 126, 12 f.; 129, 7; 133, l.l. 
 149, 8; 163, 14; 184, llf.; 188 
 8; 216, 14; 235, 6; 273, 8f.; 329 
 5; 368, 12;486, 2;662, 5;688, 8f. 
 
 dasjenige, so: 69, 12 f.; 141, 
 7 f.; 302, 8; 517, 10. 
 
 II. Indefinites 
 Masculine or Feminine 
 
 alle, die: Intr. 3a, 6f.; Intr. 
 5b, 8; 88, 17 f.; 93, 9; 110, 1.1.; 
 125, 5; 321, 4 f. 
 
 anderer, der: 69, 1; 131, 13- 
 14; 215, 18 f.; 284, 6; 293, 9; 327, 
 4f.;338, 7 f.; 379, 8; 639,8; 698, 
 2f.;704,4f. 
 
 anderer, so: 317, 18; 676, 12 f. 
 
 einer, der: 138, 17; 160, 14; 
 208, 5 f.; 241, 14; 303, 1; 670, 15 f.; 
 704, 12. 
 
 der einzige, der: 124, 10 f.; 
 718, 17 f. 
 
 etliche, die: 572, 1. 
 
 jeder, der: 121, 6f.; 152, 3 f.; 
 
 242, 5 f.; 329, 2; 442, 13; 726, 14. 
 
 jemand, der: 153, 9f.; 227, 
 17;653, 7f.;704, 11;704, 7f. 
 
 keiner, der: 266, 4. 
 
 niemand, der: 116, 14 f.; 324, 
 2; 325, 7; 704, 15 f. 
 
 solcher, der: 264, 11. 
 
 die iibrigen, die: 666, 4. 
 
 viele, die: 153, 7; 657, 14 f. 
 
 wenige, die: 717, 16 f. 
 
 Neuter 
 
 alles, was: Intr. 2b, 16 f.; Intr. 
 3a, 6; Intr. 4a, 14; 125, 16; 140, 14 
 162, 15; 162, 16; 173, 17; 179, 16 
 199, 8; 206, 13; 217, 3f.; 217, 2 f. 
 225, 11; 240, 15; 264, 16 f.; 278 
 15 f.; 324, 12 f.; 347, 10; 547, 6 
 578, 13; 580, 4; 614,4 f.; 640, 18 f. 
 643, 16 f.; 647, 9; 654, 12 f.; 654 
 7f.;659, 12f.;661, 14f.;672, 16f. 
 678, 10; 712, 2 f.; 731, 17 f. 
 
 alles, so: 479, 12 f. 
 
 anders, welches: 296, 17. 
 
 anders, so: 676, 10 f. 
 
 das einzige, so: 586, 13. 
 
 es, was: 343, 9 f. 
 
 etwas, das: 114, 7; 181, 9; 611, 
 11 f.; 729, 7 f. 
 
 etwas, was: 129, 6 f.; 238, 3 f.; 
 617, 15; 660, 1.1. 
 
 etwas, welches: 299, 13 f.; 517, 
 1.1. 
 
 etwas, so: 94, 18; 129, 12; 324, 
 17 f. 
 
 manches, so: 321, 10. 
 
 nichts, was: Intr. 7b, 15; 85, 
 11; 120, 13 f.; 120, 12 f.; 126, 8; 
 678, 11; 702,7 f. 
 
34 
 
 GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 das iibrige, was: 83, 6; 179, 
 
 14 f.; 329, 11. 
 
 viel, was: 128,9; 191, 4 f.; 348, 
 13. 
 
 viel, welches: 99, 17. 
 viel, so: 85, 7. 
 das wenige, was: 153, 6 f. 
 III. Personal Pronouns 
 der: 208, 6; 243, 3. 
 
 C. The Relative after a Sen- 
 tence OR Phrase 
 
 was: 206, 14 f. 
 
 welches: 69, 7f.; 93, 8; 95, 4; 
 96, 13 f.; 128, 1; 167, 3; 169, 3; 
 169, 6; 170, 6f.; 177, 11 f.; 183, 
 3; 204, 9 f.; 225, 1; 240, 16 f.; 244, 
 2; 244, 14; 244, 17 f.; 261, 18; 267, 
 5f.; 274, 6; 274, 10; 291, 3; 301, 
 16 f.; 333, 4; 353, 5; 358, 14; 360, 
 17; 365, 5; 373, 8 f.; 411, 18 f.; 443, 
 15; 447, 18; 477, 14; 546, 3 f.; 548, 
 
 13 f.; 576, 3; 579, 17; 653, 4; 663, 
 6; 667, 10 f.; 677, 13 f.; 688, 8f.; 
 697, 14; 699, 2 f.; 704, 8 f.; 705, 15; 
 707,5. 
 
 was anlangt (betrifft) : Intr. 4a, 
 8f.; 85, 5; 89, 4; 94, 2; 140, 12; 
 168, 8; 185, 6f.; 214, 11 f.; 222, 
 1; 333, 11 f.; 357, 1; 364, 13 f.; 
 367, 13 f.; 376, 14; 573, 12 f.; 650, 
 
 15 f.; 672, 10 f.; 725, 14 f.; 726, 1. 
 
 D. The Indefinite Relatives 
 der: 168, 1.1.; 225, 13; 411, 
 
 4f.;514, 15;520, 9f.;616, 9;652, 
 6. 
 
 welcher: 577, 17 f. 
 
 wer: 100, 14 f.; 515, 7. 
 
 wer, der: 93, 14; 94, 12 f.; 100, 
 
 14 f.; 105, 8; 114, 7 f.; 116, 15; 120, 
 
 16 f.; 140, 5 f.; 142, 7; 147,3; 160 
 11; 160, 16; 160, 14 f.; 171, 12; 174 
 6; 175, 6f.; 177, 9; 181, 1; 194, 2 
 209, 16; 238, 11; 247, 14; 256, 15 f. 
 266, 9-13; 275, 1; 290, 6 f.; 295, 15 
 295, 17; 328, 1; 340, 2; 349, 10 
 349, 12; 446, 16 f.; 452, 18 
 452, 17 f.; 482,7; 485,2 f.,518 
 15; 549, 3; 550, 16; 550, 2f.; 576 
 3f.; 578, 10; 582, 11 f.; 582, 6 f . 
 585, 14; 610, 8f.; 665, 7f.; 665, 
 5 f.; 666, 5; 670, 4 f.; 685, 1.1. ; 689, 
 7f.;713,9f.; 729, 5 f.; 735, 3 f. 
 
 GRIMMELSHAUSEN: SIMPLI- 
 CISSIMUS 
 
 A. The Relative after Neuter 
 Substantivized Adjectives 
 
 I. The Positive-Compara- 
 
 tive Category 
 
 was-clauses, no example. 
 das- (welches-) clauses, no 
 example. 
 
 so-clause. 275, 2. 
 
 II. The Superlative Cate- 
 gory, no example. 
 
 B. The Relative after Pro- 
 nominal Antecedents 
 
 I. Demonstratives 
 Masculine or Feminine 
 
 der, der: 19, 10 f.; 54, 12 f.; 
 70, 13; 120, 7f.; 151, 8 f.; 196, 20; 
 197, 7; 199, 13; 223, 11; 259, 16 f. 
 
 der, welcher: 120, 6f. ; 144, 
 14; 153, 5; 196, 16 f.; 216, 4; 283, 
 16. 
 
GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 35 
 
 der, so: 45, 9f.; 52, 16 f.; 70, 
 13; 80, 6f.; 97, 16 f.; 99, 11; 155, 
 1; 187, 2 f.; 265, 5. 
 
 derjenige, der: 55, 16 f.; 67, 
 
 5f.; 108,5; 109, 18 f.; 111,4; 118, 
 7f.; 118, 3f.; 120, 16 f.; 121, 7; 
 126, 1; 152, 16; 155, 18 f.; 163, 16; 
 172, 19 f.; 177, 6; 195, 18 f.; 196, 
 3f.; 199, 10; 200, 14; 208, 10 f.; 
 211, 9; 237, 9 f.; 243, 15; 243, 18 f.; 
 255, 13 f.; 263, 1.1.; 264, 6. 
 
 derjenige, welcher: 177, 15; 
 
 265, 2. 
 
 derjenige, so: 11, 17; 42, 11 f.; 
 
 46, 15; 114, 1.1. ; 119,8 f.; 128, 14 f.; 
 139, 2P; 176,8 f.; 190, 4; 206, 16 f.; 
 211,5;212,4;226, 19;283, 17f. 
 
 derselbige, der: 258, 2 f. 
 
 dieser, so: 104, 15; 140, 7 f . 
 
 Neuter 
 
 das, was: 8, 8; 98, 11 f.; 140, 
 13; 147, 2; 148, 9; 72, 10; 74, 9; 
 154, 19; 156, 15 f.; 171, 7; 174, 1; 
 181, 18; 195, 8f.; 213, 4f.; 222, 
 17 f.; 224, 11; 228, 2; 247, 7 f.; 
 
 266, 8; 271, 3 f. 
 das, das: 83, 2 f. 
 
 das, so: 96, 7; 128, 7; 286, 7. 
 
 dasjenige, was: 8, 6; 27, 5; 
 158, 1.1.; 224, 13 f.; 235, 15; 249, 
 16 f. 
 
 dasjenige, das: 61, 7 f.; 74, 11; 
 94, 7; 195, 11; 244, 17. 
 
 dasjenige, dasz: 64, 3; 258, 17. 
 dasjenige, welches: 152, 12 f. 
 dasjenige, so: 85, 12. 
 
 II. Indefinites 
 Masculine or Feminine 
 
 andere, die: 120, 3; 131, 16 f.; 
 136, 14 f.; 220, 20; 231, 7f.; 261, 
 7f. 
 
 andere, so: 246, 18. 
 
 dergleichen, die: 157,9. 
 
 einer, der: 9, 15; 34, 4f.; 117, 
 18; 124, 10 f.; 130, 11 f.; 173, 10; 
 175, 18; 185, 4f.; 192, 14; 222, 
 1.1.; 243, 19. 
 
 einer, welcher: 74, 18 f.; 139, 9. 
 
 einer, so: 147, 8. 
 
 etiiche, die: 54, 9; 63, 14; 144, 
 8; 263, 3 f. 
 
 etiiche, welche: 54, 10; 283, 12. 
 
 etiiche, so: 74, 17 f. 
 
 jemand, der: 242, 17; 243, 17. 
 
 keiner, der: 98, 1; 222, 5; 237, 
 1.1. ; 259, 13 f. 
 
 mancher, der: 236, 12; 282, 
 10 f. 
 
 mehr, die: 145, 8 f. 
 
 mehr, welche: 76, 16 f. 
 
 niemand, der: 18, 9; 28, 18; 
 70, 7; 70, 19; 86, 5f.; 201, 14 f.- 
 13 f.; 262, 20. 
 
 viele, die: 48, 19 f.; 70,8; 164, 
 12. 
 
 wenige, die: 44, 7, 
 
 Neuter 
 
 alles, was: 27, 9f.; 58, 5; 73, 
 9f.; 76, 5f.; 78, 18 f.; 96, 19 f.; 
 93, 20; 103, 14; 104, 8; 107, 7; 
 112, 18 f.; 113, 2f.; 123, 9 f.; 123, 
 3f.; 129, 4f.; 165, 10 f.; 199, 2f.; 
 216,8. 
 
 alles, das: 282, 2 f . 
 
 es, was: 114, 13; 118, 16 f. 
 
36 
 
 GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 etwas, das: 123, 7; 215, 15 f.; 
 220, 8 f.; 253, 9; 255, 3; 264, 12. 
 
 etwas, so: 91, 2; 256, 18 f. 
 
 mehr.das: 19, 18 f. 
 
 nichts, das: 125, 17 f.; 237, 
 13 f.; 237, 11 f. 
 
 III. Personal Pronouns 
 der: 85, 10. 
 
 C. The Relative after a Sen- 
 tence OR Phr-ase. 
 das: 249, 2 f.; 270, 5 f. 
 so: 29, 18; 140, 1.1.; 226, 10 f.; 
 251, 15 f.; 252, 5f.; 269, 11 f.; 
 278, 13; 282, 17 f.; 286, 15; 271, 7. 
 
 was: 195, 13 f.; 148, 15 f.; 152, 
 8f. 
 
 welches: 10, 14; 11, 19; 16, 14; 
 18, 19; 25, 5f.; 29, 16; 30, 15; 30, 
 9f.;31, 3f.;45, 14 f.; 46, 9 f.; 47, 
 1 ; 48, 4; 48, 15 f.; 58, 5f.; 63, 19; 72, 
 8f.; 73, 13; 74, 18; 76, 18; 80, 15; 
 82, 2f.; 89, 1; 95, 3; 97, 6; 101, 
 4f.; 102, 17; 104, 8f.; 108, 10; 
 109, 17; 114, 5; 116, 15; 120, 19; 
 132, 12 f.; 133, 9f.; 133, 5 f.; 135, 
 6f.; 136, 19 f.; 138,13; 138, 18 f; 
 143, 2; 143, 15 f.; 149, 13 f.; 151, 
 1; 157, 10 f.; 158, 13; 161,8; 164, 
 16 f.; 168, 6f.; 169, 8f.; 179, 8; 
 181, 14 f.; 183, 2f.; 184, 8f.; 185, 
 8; 192, 16 f.; 199, 1.1.; 203, 6; 218, 
 1.1.; 222, 6 f.; 223, 6; 234, 20; 234, 
 13 f.; 235, 10 f.; 236, 19 f.; 238, 
 9; 240, 8 f.; 241, 15; 260, 6 f.; 272, 
 2f. 
 
 was anbelanjjet (anbelangt, an- 
 belange, angelanget): 167,4; 184, 
 13 f.; 196, 13; 244, 6; 252, 18; 268, 
 2; 279, 14. 
 
 D. The Indefinite Relatives 
 
 der: 66, 7; 70, 12; 70, 15; 186, 
 14 f.; 201, 11 f. 
 
 der da: 283,20. 
 
 welcher: 45, 15 f.; 46, 1; 188, 
 18;258, 5f.;258, 3f. 
 
 wer: 92, 5; 122, 13. 
 
 wer, der: 33, 10 f.; 67, 17; 75, 
 9f.; 146,9; 153,4; 154, 19; 228, 3; 
 231,91 
 
 wer, derselbe: 152, 11 f. 
 
 HAGEDORN: BETRACHTUNG- 
 EN UBER DIE MAHLEREY 
 
 A. The Relative after Neuter 
 Substantivized Adjectives 
 
 I. The positive-compara- 
 tive Category 
 was-clauses, no example. 
 das- (welches-) clauses, das- 
 clauses: 15, 6; 49, 1.1.; 89, 14; 191, 
 6; 392, N2, 5; 394, 8. welches- 
 clause: 347,3. 
 
 II. The Superlative Category 
 was-clauses. 91, 7; 460, 4 f. 
 das- (welches-) clauses, no 
 example. 
 
 B. The Relative after Pro- 
 nominal Antecedents 
 
 I. Demonstratives 
 Masculine or Feminine 
 der, der: 87, 2; 200, 13; 207, 
 13; 220, 12 f.; 307, 14; 318, 4. 
 
 derjenige, der: Intr. 14, 13; 
 16, N, 4; 55, 3; 72, 14; 85, 6f.; 
 99, N, 5; 104, N2, 1; 105, N, 
 7; 111, 6 f.; 135, 12; 136, 
 
GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 37 
 
 3; 190, 7 f.; 211, 7; 234, 5f.; 234, 
 2f.;282, N, 7; 323, N, 3; 326, 12; 
 338, 3f.; 340, 7f.; 399, 5 f.; 405, 
 10; 432, 9 f.; 467, N2, 2. 
 
 derjenige, welcher: Intr. 10, 
 10; Intr. 15, 1; 5, 5f.; 194, 2f.; 
 346, 3 f.; 358, 7; 451, 11. 
 
 derjenige, so: 60, 7 f. 
 Neuter 
 
 das, was: Intr. 14, 6f. ; 6, 13; 
 19, 10 f.; 117, N2, 10; 141, 7; 231, 
 10; 289, 5 f.; 304,8; 343, 13 f.; 357, 
 11; 379, 1;465, 6f. 
 
 dasjenige, was: Intr. 4, 5 ; Intr. 
 9,4; Intr. 15, 12; 26, 9f.; 61, 6 f . 
 84, 8; 110, 9; 114, 8f.; 118, 9 f . 
 121, 3; 138, N, 2; 156, 8; 160, 12 
 162, 41; 169, 8f.; 171, 5; 176 
 5f.; 176, 4f.; 189, 8f.; 189, 3 f . 
 195, N, 5; 197, 10; 201, N, 10 
 253, 5f.; 256, 1; 271, 7; 289, 2 f . 
 290, 10; 299, 4f.; 311, 1.1.; 321, 7 
 343, 6f.; 364, N, 4; 403, N, 6 
 423,4;423, 7f.;434, 11;460, 7f. 
 
 dasjenige, das: 492, 10. 
 II. Indefinites 
 Masculine or Feminine 
 
 alle,die: 96, N, 1.1. 
 
 anderer, der: 433,6. 
 
 anderer, welcher: 198, N2, 3; 
 465, 5. 
 
 einige, welche: 239, 1. 
 
 jedermann, der: 194, 5. 
 
 keiner, der: 104, 6. 
 
 mancher, der: 64, 2. 
 
 viele, die: 109, 3 f. 
 
 Neuter 
 alles, was: Intr. 16, 6; 8, 11; 
 12, 10; 18, 8; 24, 12 f.; 110,8; 150, 
 
 iBr. = Briefe. 
 
 3; 175, 11 f.; 177, 6; 184, 3; 186, 
 7; 436, 4; 477, 13; 490, 1.1. 
 
 es, was: 492, 13. 
 
 etwas,das: 280,9; 336, 10. 
 
 das Ganze, das: 150, 11; 302, 
 2 f.; 336, 5. 
 
 das Ganze, welches: 161, N, 7. 
 
 nichts, was: 162, 13 f.; 189, 
 6 f.; 405, 9. 
 
 nichts, das: 157, 14. 
 
 vieles, das: 251, 8. 
 
 das wenige, das: 23, 10. 
 
 III. Personal Pronouns 
 der: 135, 2; 393, 7. 
 
 C. The Relative after a Sen- 
 tence OR Phrase 
 
 was: 75, 8 f.; 462, 8. 
 welches: 71, 12 f.; 291, 6; 330, 
 2. 
 
 was betrift: 343, 5. 
 
 D. The Indefinite Relatives 
 wer: 11, 3; 40, 1; 41, lOf.; 41, 
 
 7f.; 49, 13; 49, 13 f.; 83, 9; 105, 
 N,2;107,N, 1;172, 11;178,N2, 1; 
 234, 5 f.; 264, 6 f.; 268, 11; 276,8; 
 284, 7f.;329, 10; 333, 5 f.; 418, 1. 
 
 wer, der: 60, 9 f.; 122, 2; 229, 
 12;334,2f;403,3f.;419,7. 
 
 HALLER: BRIEFE, ALFRED, 
 FABIUS UND CATO 
 
 A. The Relative after Neuter 
 Substantivized Adjectives 
 
 I. The Positive-Compara- 
 tive Category 
 was-clauses, no example, 
 das-clauses. Br.^ 55, 4f.; 94, 
 3. 
 
38 
 
 GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 II. The Superlative Category 
 was-clauses, no example, 
 das-clauses, no example. 
 B. The Relative after Pro- 
 nominal Antecedents 
 
 I. Demonstratives 
 Masculine or Feminine 
 
 der, der: Br. 18, 11; 101, 12; 
 114, 1.1.; 161, 8f.; 176, 5f.; 184, 
 8f.; Alf.'93, 2; 121, 7; 134, 4f.; 
 159, 5 f. 
 
 derjenige, der: Br. 14, 1; 16, 
 6; 16, 6f.; 21, 7f.; 22, 5; 24, 1.1. 
 26, 6f.; 71, 4f.; 90, 5; 94, 7 f . 
 108,3 f.; Ill, 11 f.; 113,8; 113,8 f. 
 113, 4f.; 119, 5f.; 120, 5; 135, 4 
 139, 6 f.; 142, 11; 156,8; 158, 2 f . 
 159, 1; 163, 6f.; 164, 10; 173, 6 
 179, 7f.; 179, 2f.; 180, 3f.; 186 
 4;Alf. 19, 6 f.; 39, 8; 62, 4; 68, 1.1. 
 91, 6; 94, 9; 105, 3 f.; 106,3; 113 
 2f.; 125,1.1.; 142, 11; 143, 2; 143 
 8; 143,1.1.; 149,8; 155,3; 155,1.1. 
 159, 6 f.; 199, 4 f.; 202, 11 f.; Fab. 
 19, 9f.; 29, 4; 41, 6f.; 44, 8 f . 
 55,9;59,N,5f.;62, 1;73, lOf. 
 
 derjenige, war: Alf. 105, 11 f. 
 
 jener, der: Br. 44, 7. 
 
 Neuter 
 
 das, was: Br. 86, 5; 135, 7f.; 
 Alf. 162, 4; 179, 5; Fab. 30,2 f. 
 
 dasjenige, was: Br. 30, 9; 30, 
 10; 38, 3; 38, 3 f.; 39, 9; 39, 11 f; 
 41, 8; 68, 5 f.; 75, 6; 108, 7 f.; 174, 
 7; Alf. Intr. 8, 5 f.; Intr. 8, 4 f.; 42, 
 4;58,5;82, 1; Fab. 21,8 f. 
 
 ' Alf. = Alfred. 
 
 * Fab. = Fabius und Cato. 
 
 dasjenige, das: Br. 40, 2; 137, 
 11; 173, 7 f. 
 
 II. Indefinites 
 Masculine or Feminine 
 
 alle,die: Br. 54, 5 f. 
 
 einer, der: Fab. 44, 11. 
 
 der einzelne, der: Alf. 131, 1.1. 
 
 der einzige, der: Alf. 23, 9f.; 
 Fab. 36, 11. 
 
 jeder, der: Br. 106, 4f.; 156, 
 ll;Alf. 56, 4f. 
 
 niemand, der: Br. 93, 1; 136, 
 4; 173, 4; 191, 1.1.; Alf. 25, 1; 48, 
 10 f.; 86, 6. 
 
 die wenigen, die: Fab. 66, 6 f. 
 Neuter 
 
 alles, was: Br. 61, 5f.; 102, 
 8f.; 122, 3f.; Alf. 26, 7; 48, 12; 
 82, 2f.; 100, 2; 100, 12; 104, 8f.; 
 Fab. 14, 8; 54, 11; 71, 3. 
 
 es, was: Br. 13, 10. 
 
 etwas, das: Br. 167, 4. 
 
 nichts, was: Fab. 32, 8 f. 
 
 nichts, das: Alf. 70, 2f.; 92, 
 6; Fab. 47, 12. 
 
 das iihrige, was: Fab. 41, 3 f. 
 
 das wenige, was: Br. 85, 5; 
 Alf. 180, 6. 
 
 III. Personal Pronouns 
 
 der: Br. 57, 11 f.; 60, 11; 69, 
 5f.; 112, 2; 113, 10; 127, 10; 140, 
 4f.; 140, 3f.; 151, 2f.; 159, 6f.; 
 Alf. 54, 5; 83, 2; 100, 1.1.; 120, 1.1.; 
 132, 9f.; 134, 7; 210, 12; Fab. 68, 
 5. 
 
 C. The Relative after a Sen- 
 tence OR Phrase 
 
 (no example) 
 
GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 39 
 
 D. The Indefinite Relatives 
 der: Br. 16, 11 f.; 108, 12; 108, 
 
 llf.;Alf. 66, 11;212, 7f. 
 
 wer: Br. 16, 2f.; 140, 8; 159, 
 
 7; 192, 3; Alf. 40, 10; 47, 11; 94, 
 
 10; 99, 1.1.; 126, 5; 129, 5; 186, 11 
 
 (twice); 186, 12; 186, 10 f.; Fab. 
 
 Intr. 4, 3. 
 
 wer, der: Br. 38, 2f.-l.l.; 48, 
 
 10 f.; 49, 1; 98, 8f.; 140, 11; Alf. 
 
 47, 12; 94, 6; 131, 11 f.; Fab. 60, 
 
 10. 
 
 HERDER: KRITISCHE WAL- 
 DER, ZERSTREUTE BLAT- 
 TER 
 
 A. The Relative after Neuter 
 Substantivized Adjectives 
 
 I. The Positive-Compara- 
 tive Category 
 was-clauses. KW^ 266, 9; 273, 
 12f.;II, 235,9f.;ZBM59,8. 
 
 das- (welches-) clauses, das- 
 clauses: KW 171, 10; 183, 9f.; 
 183, 3f.; 203, 4; II, 9, lOf.; 158, 
 I.I.; 187, 1.1.; ZB 133, 9; 134, 4f.; 
 145,3. welches-clauses: KW 184, 
 4; ZB 130, 3 f. 
 
 II. The Superlative Category 
 was-clause. KW 117, 11 f. 
 das- (welches-) clauses, no ex- 
 ample. 
 
 B. The Relative after Pro- 
 nominal Antecedents 
 
 I. Demonstratives 
 
 Masculine or Feminine 
 
 der, der: KW 25, 6 f.; 46, 14 f.; 
 
 72, 1; 139, 9; 169, 3f.; 249, 9; 
 
 251, 9; II, 43, 10 f.; 52, 14 f.; 59, 
 
 'KW = Kritische Walder. 
 »ZB = Zerstreute Blatter. 
 
 10 f.; 84, 10 f.; 142, 5 f.; 154, 1; 
 156, 13 f.; 158, 7; 184, 10 f.; 188, 
 2f.; 206, 8f.; 216, 9f.; 240, 8f.; 
 245, 8f.; 248, 12; 259, 9; ZB 114, 
 N, 1;303, 7f.;410,9f. 
 
 der, so: KW 139, 1; 246, 5 £.; 
 II, 18, 4 f. 
 
 derjenige, der: KW 237, 3f.; 
 ZB 116, 1. 
 
 dieser, der: KW 11, 14 f.; II, 
 172,6f.;ZB313,3. 
 
 Neuter 
 das, was: KW 9, 10; 23, 11; 
 102, 3f.; 127, 4f.; 134, 11 f.; 134, 
 3f.; 146, 10; 157, 11 f; 197, 6f.; 
 
 198, 9f.; 199, 8; 210,7; 260, 4f.; 
 II, 20, 5; 36, 7; 89, 11; 111,4; 112, 
 6f.; 166, 9; 170, 6f.; 183, 4; 184, 
 12; 194, 3f.; 195, 14; 204, 2; ZB 
 117, 3f.; 119, 6f.; 148, 8f.; 149, 
 7; 295, 11; 349, 7 f.; 352, 4 f.; 383, 
 9 f.; 408, 2. 
 
 das, das: KW II, 195,1.1. 
 das,dasz: KW8, lOf. 
 dasselbe, was: KWIO, 9f. 
 
 II. Indefinites 
 Masculine or Feminine 
 
 alle, die: KW II, 19, 3; 91, 6 f. 
 
 einer, der: KW II, 28, 14 f.; 
 29, 9; 226, 5; 226, 6. 
 
 der einzige, der: ZB 166, 4; 
 311, N, 2. 
 
 jeder, der: KW 36, llf.; 41, 
 8f.; 143, 11; ZB 148, 4 f.; 408, 8 f.; 
 408, 1.1. 
 
 jemand, der: KW II, 262, 12. 
 
 keiner, der: KW II, 91, 5f.; 
 
 199, 12 f. 
 
40 
 
 GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 manche, die: XW 195, 1. 
 
 niemand, der: KW 181, 2f.; 
 ZB 394, 1.1. 
 
 solcher, der: KW 31, 10 f.; 
 59, 4 f . 
 
 wenige, die: KW II, 211, 12 f. 
 
 Neuter 
 
 alles, was: KW 20, 1; 35, 3; 
 37, 3 f.; 69, 14; 79,6; 121,5; 129, 
 7f.; 150, 5f.; 206, 6f.; 255, 10; 
 273, 4 f.; 277, llf.;II, 10, 14; 10, 
 13f.;14,5f.;187, 13;ZB119, 2f.; 
 305, 2 f.; 349, 10; 418, 7 f.; 419, 7. 
 
 eins, das: KWII, 210, 8. 
 
 eins,wa8: KW 13, 7; 96, 7. 
 
 daseinzige, was: ZB400, 3f. 
 
 es, was: KW 11, 5 f.; II, 235, 
 6f. 
 
 etwas, was: KW 75, 2; II, 29, 
 14; 133, 9 f.; 229, 10 f. 
 
 etwas, das: KW 67, 5; 171, 
 13 f.; 183, 10. 
 
 das Ganze, das: KW 202, 10 f. 
 
 jedes, was: KW II, 141, 7 f. 
 
 mancherley, das: ZB 383, 7 f. 
 
 manches, was: KW 90, 1; 257, 
 13. 
 
 manches, das: ZB 339, 3. 
 
 nichts, was: KW 21, 3 f. ; 
 253,4 f.; 273, 11; 273, 9 f.; 273, 
 7f.; II, 45, 3; 143, 6f.; 182, 7; 
 ZB357,9. 
 
 nichts, das: KWII, 184,7. 
 
 \4el, was: KW 135, 7 f. 
 
 das wenigste, das: KW II, 146, 
 4f. 
 
 III. Personal Pronouns 
 der: KW 8, 8f.-7f.; 12, 10 f.; 
 51, 8f.; 142, 7; 143, 8; 148, 6f.; 
 
 169, 5 f. ; II, 165, 2 f . ; 189, 8 f. ; 190, 
 12; 228, 2 ; ZB 407, 6 f.; 407, 1.1. 
 
 C. The Relative atter a Sen- 
 tence OR Phrase 
 
 das: KW127, 11. 
 
 was: KW 206, 7f.; II, 25, 12; 
 150, 6 f.; 219, 12; ZB 170, 1. 
 
 welches: KW 80, 8; 101, 2; 
 11,35, 7f.;ZB314,5. 
 
 was betrifft (anbetrifft, anbe- 
 trift): KW 38, 7f.; 84, 14; II, 
 26, 1; 78, 2 f.; 87, 14. 
 
 D. The Indefinite Relatives 
 der: KW 179, 3; 179, 5; 193, 
 
 13 f.; II, 139, 8 f. (four times); 178, 
 6; 178, 8; 178, 9; 178, 10; ZB 405, 
 3 f.; 410, 11. 
 
 wer: KW 73, 10; 125, 6 f.; 158, 
 13; 233, 5; 250, 9; II, 12, 7; 22,3 f.; 
 65, 3 f.; 132,2; 145, 12 f.; 152, 9 f.; 
 153, 3f.; 154, 9; 161, 1.1.; 162, 10; 
 166, 9f.; 173, 9f.; 189, 2; 205, 1; 
 206, 13 f.; 230, 6; ZB 146, 10; 368, 
 1;390, 2f. 
 
 wer, der: KW 15, 14; 222, 5 f.; 
 II, 13, 12; 14, 14; 16, 1; 32, 13 f.; 
 53, 9 f.; 72, 13; 161, 9f.; 220, 6f.; 
 240, 3; 240, 8; 244, 4; 255, 3 f.; ZB 
 150, 1.1.; 405, 7 f. 
 LESSING: DER LAOKOON, 
 
 MISS SARA SAMPSON, 
 
 PHILOTAS, EMILIA GA- 
 
 LOTTI 
 
 A. The Relative after Neuter 
 Substantr^zed Adjectr'es 
 I. The Positive-Compara- 
 tive Category 
 was-clauses, no examples. 
 das- (welches-) clauses, das- 
 
GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 41 
 
 clauses: L^ 83, 30; 128, 25; 149, 
 27. Welches-clauses: L 4, 19; 135, 
 18;143,29;170, 21;304, 24. 
 
 II. The Superlative Category 
 was-clauses. L 27, 34; 33, 11; 
 77, 34; 157, 4; MSS^ 117, 4; P^ 
 220, 8 f.; £0^275,7. 
 
 das-clause. MSS 148, 2. 
 B. The Relative after Pro- 
 nominal Antecedents 
 I. Demonstratives 
 Masculine or Feminine 
 der, der: L 30, 23; 45, 18; MSS 
 20, 81; 51, 12; 56, 2; 93, 8; 108, 
 2f.; 124,9; 125, 1; 149,3; 170,6; 
 P 193, 9f.; 202, 6f.; EG 244, 11; 
 313, 6 f. 
 
 der, welcher: L 154, 29; 154, 
 30; 162, 11; MSS 24, 3f.; 27, I.I.; 
 119,6. 
 
 derjenige, der: L 24, 24; 31, 
 7; 33, 17; 33, 20; 101, 30; MSS 
 141,8f.;167, l;P207,2f. 
 
 derjenige, welcher: L 28, 35; 
 51,24; 161, 1; 167, 17; MSS 90, 7; 
 132, 11 f. 
 
 Neuter 
 das, was: L 21, 9; 52, 5; 52 
 7; 57, 12; 68, 16; 70, 37; 71, 28; 74 
 6; 75, 13; 78, 25; 84, 15; 87, 5 
 88, 3; 89, 27; 102, 2; 102, 6; 105 
 6; 106, 22; 112, 28; 113, 19; 114 
 23; 114, 24; 115, 2; 116, 16; 116 
 18; 119, 1; 120, 13; 121, 35; 123 
 18;131, 18;135,2;135, 23;136, 11 
 136, 13; 137, 6; 146, 14; 162, 23 
 165, 45; 167, 3; 173, 15; MSS 22 
 3; 29, 5f.; 85, 9f.; 108, 5; 108, 8 
 
 109, 8f.; 165, 10; P 199, 9; 199, 
 11 f.; EG 243, 6; 249, 1.1.; 256, 10; 
 277, 4; 334, 3 f. 
 
 dasjenige, was: L 20, 21; MSS 
 20, 12 f.; 60,5 f.; 139,4 f. 
 
 II. Indefinites 
 Masculine or Feminine 
 
 alle, die: L 159, 24; 166, 16. 
 
 anderer, der: EG 338, 8 f. 
 
 einer, der: EG 252, 9 f.; 341, 1. 
 
 einer, welcher: P 194, 6 f. 
 
 einlge, die: L 155, 18. 
 
 der einzige, der: L 155, 32; 
 MSS 131, 7 f. 
 
 der einzige, welcher: L 38, 11. 
 
 jeder,der: L99, 14. 
 
 mehrere, welche: MSS 140, 1.1. 
 
 niemand, der: L 82, 19; 116, 
 22. 
 
 solcher, welcher: MSS 93, 10. 
 Neuter 
 
 alles, was: L 5, 1; 5, 2; 5, 27; 
 22, 15; 41, 21; 54, 20; 68, 6; 82, 4; 
 
 110, 36; 114, 34; 115, 23; 127, 22; 
 128, 29; 166, 31; 167, 5; MSS 13, 
 8f.;22, 2;40, 7f.;47, 8;67, 7;69, 
 9; 80, 2; 135, 4; 138, 10; 138, 1.1. ; 
 161, 4 f.; 166, 10 f.; 169, 8; P 199, 
 12; 204, 7f.; 205, 9; 207, 12; 211, 
 3; 211, 9f.; EG 240, 9; 257, 11 f.; 
 257, 10 f.; 286, 10; 312, 5f.; 313, 
 8f.;361, 3f.;376,9f. 
 
 anders, was: L33, 15. 
 
 das einzige, das: L 115, 24. 
 
 das einzige, was: L 29, 15; 33, 
 28; EG 276, 1. 
 
 es, was: L 21, 23; 117, 22;;143, 
 4; 147,16; 161, 22; 166, 28; MSS 62, 
 
 ' L = Laokoon. 
 3P = Philotas. 
 
 ^ MSS = Miss Sara Sampson, 
 ♦ EG = Emilia Galotti. 
 
42 
 
 GERMAN RELATIMSS IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 7f.; 79, 6f.; 81, 6f.; 82, 12; EG 
 326, 10 f.; 333, 11 f.; 357, 12; 361, 
 10; 364, 7; 372,4 f. 
 
 etwas, was: L 84, 31; MSS 155, 
 9; EG 373, 1. 
 
 etwas, das: L 119, 30; 167, 
 27;MSS108, llf.;EG341,8. 
 
 etwas, welches: L 146, 13; 169, 
 21. 
 
 das Ganze, das: L 49, 33. 
 
 das mehrere, welches: L 163, 
 18. 
 
 nichts, was: L 21, 6; 62, 16; 
 77, 29; MSS 98, 2; 106, 10; EG 
 283, 5 f. 
 
 nichts, das: EG 247, 9 f. 
 
 vieles, was: L 147, 22. 
 III. Personal Pronouns 
 
 der: L 80, 4; 129, 6; MSS 1(M, 
 8; 110, 7; 175, 10; P 226, 6; EG 
 242, 8; 252, 2; 254, 7; 254, 9; 267, 
 11; 270, 10; 276, 4; 315, I.I.; 348, 
 6f. 
 
 welcher: L 148, 11. 
 
 C. The Relative after a Sen- 
 tence OR Phrase 
 
 was: P 213, 3. 
 
 welches: L 9, 25; 82, 34; 85, 
 37; 169, 33. 
 
 was betrifft (anbelangt): L 70, 
 11; MSS 45, 7 f.;P 217, 8. 
 
 D. The Indefinite Relatives 
 wer: L 71, 22; 101, 25; 102, 
 
 16; 104, 15; 174, 3; P 199, 8; 202, 
 7 f. ; EG 362, 1; 362, 2. 
 
 der: L 72, 22; MSS 13, 4 f.; 88, 
 6; EG 264, 6; 361, 4 f. 
 
 wer, der: L 24, 7; 117,36; 134, 
 25;^MSS 80, 11 f.; 84, 4; P 210, 11; 
 
 EG 250, 2f.;343, 2; 347, 3 f.; 351, 
 8; 363, 3; 370, 10 f.; 373, 3. 
 
 RABENER: BRIEFE 
 
 A. The Relative after Neuter 
 
 SUBSTANTmZED ADJECTIVES 
 
 I. The Positive-Compara- 
 tive Category 
 was-claiises. 83, 4; 207, 5. 
 das- (welches-) clauses, das- 
 clauses: 72, 7 f.; 88, l.l. welches- 
 clause: 85: 12-13. 
 
 II. The Superlative Category 
 was-clauses, no example, 
 das-clause. 220, 6. 
 
 B. The Relative after Pro- 
 nominal Antecedents 
 
 I. Demonstratives 
 Masculine or Feminine 
 
 der, der: 108, 15; 112, 3; 112, 
 14 f.; 119, 14; 178, 11 f.; 222, 16; 
 257, 10 f.; 258, 8 f.; 260, 10 f.; 266, 
 6f.;288,6f. 
 
 der, welcher: 218, 14. 
 
 derjenige, der: 1, 12; 69, 6f.; 
 71, 4; 71, 6; 145, 4f.; 221, 8; 222, 
 11 f.; 260, 8 f.; 289, 7. 
 
 derjenige, welcher: 121, 12 f.; 
 221, 4; 260, 16. 
 
 dieser, der: 278, 11. 
 
 Neuter 
 
 das, was: 15, 2; 28, 6; 76, 12; 
 85, 6f.; 106, 5f.; 130, 15; 132, 
 10; 295, 6 f. 
 
 dasjenige, was: 8, 13 f.; 76, 6; 
 78, 13 f.; 88, 12 f.; 128, 4£.; 155, 
 N,2. 
 
GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 43 
 
 II. Indefinites 
 Masculine or Feminine 
 anderer, der: 150, 8 f. 
 einige, die: 172, 14 f. 
 jeder, der: 78, 11 f.; 112, 6 f. 
 jemand,der: 36, 3 f.; 38, 7-8. 
 die Ubrigen, die: 74, 5 f. 
 viele, die: 31, 7 f. 
 
 Neuter 
 
 alles, was: 11, 14; 66, 3f.; 80, 
 2; 81, 8; 81, 9; 86, 2 f.; 112, 2; 
 118, 12; 122, 12; 129, 7; 134, 11 
 f.; 164, 4; 176, 4; 190, 13; 200, 6 
 f.; 233, 4f.; 237, 12; 237, 12 f.; 
 266,4; 283, 10; 283,12; 287,13. 
 
 das einzige, was: 115, 2; 209, 
 6f. 
 
 es, was: 182,9. 
 
 etwas, das: 46, 8; 66, 10; 93, 
 3f.;147, 1. 
 
 mehr, was: 67, 9 f. 
 
 vieles, das: 69, 12; 99, 2f.; 
 145, 14; 160,9 f.; 214, 13. 
 
 das wenigste, was: 235, 5 f. 
 III. Personal Pronouns 
 
 der: 82, 11; 101, 7f.; 101, 4 f.; 
 159, 8; 175, 6 f.; 242, 6 f.; 280, 10. 
 
 C. The Relative After a Sen- 
 tence OR Phrase 
 
 was: 110, 1;127, 14; 133, 14. 
 
 welches: 19, 15 f.; 83, 4f.; 85, 
 3f.; 121, 10; 130, 10 f.; 131, 3; 197, 
 13; 203, 1; 252, 10 f.; 267, 5; 268, 
 4f.;269, 10;286, 12f. 
 
 wasbetrifft: 268,10. 
 
 D. The Indefinite Relatives 
 wer: 296, 16. 
 
 der: 186,5. 
 
 werauch: 178, 11 f. 
 wer, der: 18, 2f.; 61, 12 f.; 
 301, 10 f. 
 
 WIELAND .AGATHON 
 
 A. The Relative after Neuter 
 Substantivized Adjectives 
 
 I. The Positive-Compara- 
 tive Category 
 was-clause. II, 49, 10-11. 
 das- (welches-) clauses, das- 
 clauses: I, 36, 8 f.; 76, 5. welches- 
 clauses: I, 223, 8; 260, 3f.;261, 
 4; 277, 2; 277, 6; 287,2; 376,1; 
 II, 17, 1; 105, 15. 
 
 II. The Superlative Category 
 was-clauses. I, 169, 13 f.; 198, 
 
 5;284, 2{.;362, 1; 307, 5 f.; II, 64, 
 
 14 f. 
 
 das-clauses. I, 155, 10; 168, 
 
 8f.;II,97, 15;97, 13f. 
 
 B. The Relative after Pro- 
 nominal Antecedents 
 
 I. Demonstratives 
 Masculine or Feminine 
 
 der, der: I, 30, 4; 37, 14; 112, 
 10 f.; 122, 5 f.; 146, 7 f.; II, 71, 11 f. 
 
 der, welcher: I, 11, 6f.; 211, 
 llf.;II, 14, 2f.;23, 12f.;91,8. 
 
 derjenige, der: 1,4, 11 f.; 10, 
 7; 18, 10 f.; 29, 11; 42, 10 f.; 45, 
 8 f.; 53, 9; 78, 10; 80, 5 f.; 80, 3 f.; 
 88, 15; 89, 8; 92, 1; 102, 2; 104, 
 14 f.; 108, 1.1.; 109, 13 f.; 110, 2; 
 113, 8f.; 114, 7; 118, 10; 119, 10; 
 122, 3; 122, 6 f.; 123, 8; 142, 2; 148, 
 9f.;160, 9;175, 10;179, llf.;179, 
 7f.; 182, 3f.; 260, 7 f.; 260, 5 f.; 
 
44 
 
 GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 281,9; 291, 15; 294, 4 f.; 352, 7f.; 
 354, 5; 359, 12; 359, 8 f.; 375, 8f.; 
 II, 23, 1; 36, 12; 42, 13; 56, 6f.; 
 58, 6f.; 87, 8f.; 90, 1; 95, 1.1.; 
 98, 15; 103,4; 108, 9f.; 113, 13 f.; 
 116, 3 f. 
 
 derjenige, welcher: I, 14, 7; 
 37, 7; 130, 5; 195, 8f.; 195, 2f.; 
 210, 3; 232, 5 f.; 267, 10; 289, 3; 
 293, 12; 348, 3f.; 352, 1; 357, 1; 
 358, 8; 359, 12 f.; 377, 1;II, 3, 5f.; 
 41, 12; 67, 8; 72, 9; 83, 8; 94, 7 f.; 
 99,7;99, 12;105, 10f.;116, 10. 
 
 Neuter 
 
 das, was: I, 9, 8f.; 20, 11 f.; 
 36, 1.1.; 63, 9 f.; 64, 3-5 (five times); 
 67, 14 f.; 70,9 f.; 80, 14; 81, 1.1.; 92, 
 12; 97, 13; 100, 11; 110, 1; 110, 
 11 f.; Ill, 14; 115, 14f.; 119, 8; 
 134, 12; 169, 4f.; 177, 3f.; 183, 
 8f.;210, 13 f.; 211, 11 f.; 215, 2 f.; 
 223, 11; 250, 1.1.; 261, 8; 265, 11; 
 274, 9f.; 287, 9; 290, 10; 299, 12; 
 304, 9 f.; 311, 10; 325, 3 f.; 331, 6; 
 378, 11; 388, 8; II, 10,5 £.; 37, 11 f.; 
 37,10f.;45,3;55,10;57,3;57,ll; 
 58, 4f.-3f.; 71, 7 f.; 76, 3 f.; 80, 3; 
 111, 7 f.; 116, 11. 
 
 dasjenige, was: I, 6, 9; 15, 6 
 
 24, 9; 36, 14 f.; 43, 12 f.; 51, 1 
 52, 2f.; 56, 2f.; 60, 7f.; 75, 7 
 80, 15; 83, 5; 83, 7; 87, 6; 89, 4; 90 
 5;107, 6f.;112, 6f.; 116, 4 f.; 124 
 13 f.; 161, 6f.; 163, 8; 171, 8 f . 
 175,4f.;179, 2f.;181, 11;183, 14 
 200, 13 f.; 206, 11; 207, 13 f.; 214 
 12£.; 217, 2; 220, 4f.; 235, 11 f. 
 242, 11; 247, 8; 248, 8; 249, 9; 262, 
 
 14; 266, 7; 266, 1.1.; 269, 2; 275, 3; 
 302, 11; 316, 6; 320, 8f.; 322, l.l.; 
 334, 4f.; 354, 13; 383, 13; II, 10, 
 10 f.; 10, 6 f.; 18, 5 f. 
 
 dasjenige, das: I, 42, 4 f . 
 
 dasjenige, welches: I, 90, 13. 
 
 dasselbe, was: I, 216, 10. 
 
 II. Indefinites 
 Masculine or Feminine 
 
 alle, die: 1,30, 10; 36, 11; 257, 
 10. 
 
 alle, welche: 1,40, 7 f. 
 
 anderer, der: I, 162, 12 f.; 148, 
 8; 177, 5 f. 
 
 anderer, welcher: I, 360, 6 f. 
 
 einer, der: I, 38, 4f.; 41, 13; 
 136, 8; 251, 11. 
 
 einlge, welche: II, 68, 9 f. 
 
 der einzige, der: I, 105, 1.1. ; 
 122,3 f.; 134, 12 f.; 156,3. 
 
 etliche, die: I, 10,8. 
 
 jeder, der: I, 128, 9; 261, 2. 
 
 jeder, welcher: I, 209, 8 f. 
 
 jemand, der: I, 190, 11; 350, 
 6f. 
 
 keiner, der: I, 136, 4 f. 
 
 niemand, der: I, 72, 2f.; II, 
 88, 6 f. 
 
 solcher, der: I, 78, 5 f. 
 
 Ubrige. die: I, 180, 3 f. 
 
 verschiedene, die: I, 50, 12. 
 
 \iele, die: I, 78, 6 f. 
 
 wenige, welche: 1,371, 14. 
 Neuter 
 
 alles, was: I, 9, 7f.; 16, 9; 27, 
 9f.;30,3f.; 34,4; 36, 10; 41, 11; 42, 
 8;43,2f.;44, 10;49, 7;51,6f.;58, 
 5f;64, 8; 65, 14; 66, 11; 67, 14£.; 
 83, 1.1.; 91, 12;91, 8f.;92, 3f.;93, 
 
GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 45 
 
 1.1. ; 95, 10; 99, 10; 105, 15; 108,2; 
 116, 7-8; 116, 9; 116, 14 f.; 116, 
 12 f.; 118, 14; 122, 10 f.; 127, 7; 128, 
 11 f.; 132, 9; 133, 2; 133, 13 f.; 
 141, 5; 153, 3; 153, 12 f.; 154, 1; 
 155,5; 159,4; 176,4; 178,5; 178, 
 5f.; 185, 5; 188, 12 f.; 194, 13 f.; 
 195, 6 f.; 201, 11; 273, 3 f.; 329, 12; 
 365,9f.;II, 80, 7f.;82,5;105,6f. 
 
 anders, was: II, 60, 5 f. 
 
 anders, das: I, 142, 5 f. 
 
 das einzige, was: I, 5, 2f.; 
 248, 6 f.; 371, 15; 392, 3. 
 
 das einzige, das: I, 94, 8 f. 
 
 das einzige, welches: II, 19, 
 8f. 
 
 es, was: I, 207, 15-14 f.; 223, 
 6; 224, 8; 338, 15; 379, 11 f.; II, 
 74, 13. 
 
 etwas, das: I, 71, 7; 87, 12 f.; 
 138, 9; 170, 9; 277, 8; 292, 3. 
 
 etwas, welches: I, 48, 11; 161, 
 4; 240, 8 f. 
 
 nichts, was: I, 36, 3; 36, 12 f.; 
 67, 7; 67, 8; 103, 12 f.; 235, 15; 
 262, 3 f.; 347, 9; 353, 3. 
 
 nichts, das: I, 354, 2f.; 375, 
 8; II, 105,8 f. 
 
 nichts, dasz: I, 34, 8. 
 
 das iibrige, was: I, 9, 9; 12, 
 4f.;272, 1. 
 
 vieles,das: 1,184,2. 
 
 das wenige, was: II, 53, 6 f. 
 III. Personal Pronouns 
 
 der: I, 18, 6; 31, 1; 119, 4f.; 
 186, 11 f.; 258, 5 f.; 379, 9 f.; 389, 
 1;389,2;II, 17,5;106, lOf. 
 
 welcher: I, 214, 3; 251, 8; 251, 
 10. 
 
 C. The Relative After a Sen- 
 tence OR Phrase. 
 
 was: 1, 107, 5; 139,8 f. 
 
 welches: I, 214, 3 f.; 286, 10 f.; 
 II,31,4f.;64, 14f.;69,7f. 
 
 wasbetrift: I, 128,3; 136, 12 f.; 
 168, 1; II, 11, 13 f. 
 
 D, The Indefinite Relatives 
 der: I, 112, 13 f. 
 
 wer: I, 70, 7; 257, 4f.; II, 
 56,8. 
 
46 
 
 GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 TABLES OF OCCURRENCES 
 
 A. THE RELATIVE AFTER NEUTER SUBSTAN- 
 TIVIZED ADJECTIVES 
 
 
 Pos.-( 
 
 Comp. Category 
 
 
 Superlative Category 
 
 
 was 
 
 das or 
 
 welches 
 
 so 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 12 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 was 
 
 das or welches 
 
 
 das 
 
 welches 
 
 das 
 
 welches 
 
 Abraham 
 
 
 2 
 1 
 2 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 21 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 13 
 
 12 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 3 
 2 
 2 
 
 89 
 
 
 14 
 19 
 
 1 
 11 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 5 
 1 
 9 
 
 68 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 4 
 2 
 2 
 9 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 38 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 Bodmer . 
 
 
 
 Breitinger 
 
 
 
 Enffel 
 
 
 
 Fichte 
 
 
 
 Gellert 
 
 
 
 Goethe 
 
 
 
 Gottsched .. . . 
 
 1 
 
 Grimmelsh 
 
 
 
 Hagedorn 
 
 
 
 Haller 
 
 
 
 Herder 
 
 
 
 Lessing 
 
 
 
 Rabener 
 
 
 
 Wieland 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 1 
 
 
 
GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 47 
 
 B. THE RELATIVE AFTER PRONOMINAL ANTECEDENTS 
 
 DEMONSTRATIVES — MASCULINE OR FEMININE 
 
 Abraham... 
 
 Bodmer 
 
 Breitinger.. 
 
 Engel 
 
 Fichte 
 
 Gellert 
 
 Goethe 
 
 Gottsched.. 
 Grimmelsh 
 Hagedorn.. 
 
 Haller 
 
 Herder 
 
 Lessing 
 
 Rabener... 
 Wieland 
 
 Total 
 
 
 
 
 
 der- 
 
 der- 
 
 der- 
 
 der, 
 
 der, 
 
 der, 
 
 der- 
 
 jenige, 
 
 jenige, 
 
 jeni- 
 
 der 
 
 welcher 
 
 so 
 
 jenige, 
 der 
 
 welcher 
 
 wer 
 
 ge, so 
 
 17 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 13 
 
 29 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 48 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 19 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 38 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 29 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 19 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 22 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 24 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 9 
 
 27 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 24 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 10 
 26 
 15 
 11 
 6 
 
 
 
 6 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 58 
 2 
 8 
 9 
 
 55 
 
 
 
 6 
 3 
 26 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 223 
 
 38 
 
 22 
 
 348 
 
 116 
 
 2 
 
 31 
 
 dersel- 
 
 be 
 
 (dersel- 
 
 bige), 
 
 der 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
48 
 
 GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 DEMONSTRATIVES — MASCULINE OR FEMININE 
 
 
 derselbe, 
 
 derselbe, 
 
 dieser,dieser, 
 
 jener, 
 
 jener, 
 
 jener, 
 
 
 welcher 
 
 so 
 
 der 
 
 so 
 
 der 
 
 welcher 
 
 so 
 
 Abraham 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 Bodmer 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Breitinger 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 Engel 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Fichte 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 Gellert 
 
 
 
 Goethe 
 
 
 
 Gottsched 
 
 
 
 Grimmelsh... 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Hagedorn 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Haller 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Herder 
 
 
 
 Lessing 
 
 
 
 Rabener 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Wieland 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 14 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 9 
 
 1 
 
 
 
GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 49 
 
 DEMONSTRATIVES — NEUTER 
 
 Abraham 
 
 Bodmer 
 
 Breitinger... 
 
 Engel 
 
 Fichte 
 
 Gellert 
 
 Goethe 
 
 Gottsched... 
 Grimmelsh. 
 Hagedorn... 
 
 Haller 
 
 Herder 
 
 Lessing 
 
 Rabener 
 
 Wieland 
 
 Total 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 das- 
 
 das- 
 
 das, 
 
 das, 
 
 das, 
 
 das, 
 
 das. 
 
 jenige, 
 
 jenige, ] 
 
 was 
 
 das 
 
 welches 
 
 dasz 
 
 so 
 
 
 
 welches 
 
 was 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 26 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 20 
 
 39 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 35 
 
 46 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 64 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 27 
 
 74 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 38 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 9 
 
 59 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 38 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 17 
 
 34 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 55 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 53 
 
 541 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 16 
 
 248 
 
 das- 
 
 jenige, 
 
 das 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 5 
 1 
 3 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 15 
 
50 
 
 GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 DEMONSTRATIVES — NEUTER 
 
 Abraham... 
 
 Bodmer 
 
 Breitinger.. 
 
 Engel 
 
 Fichte 
 
 Gellert 
 
 Goethe 
 
 Gottsched.. 
 Grimmelsh 
 Hagedorn.. 
 
 Haller 
 
 Herder 
 
 Lessing 
 
 Rabener 
 
 Wieland 
 
 Total 
 
 dasjenige, 
 dasz 
 
 dasjenige, 
 
 so 
 
 dasselbe, 
 
 dieses, 
 
 dieses, 
 
 was 
 
 was 
 
 das 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 2 
 
 jenes, 
 was 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 51 
 
 INDEFINITES — MASCULINE OR FEMININE 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 der- 
 
 
 aUe, 
 
 alles, 
 
 alle, 
 
 anderer, 
 
 anderer, 
 
 anderer, 
 
 gleichen, 
 
 
 die 
 
 die 
 
 welch e 
 
 der 
 
 welcher 
 
 so 
 
 die 
 
 Abraham 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Bodmer 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 Breitinger 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Engel 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Fichte 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 3 
 
 11 
 
 1 
 2 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 Gellert 
 
 
 
 Goethe 
 
 
 
 Gottsched 
 
 
 
 Grimmelsh. . . . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 Hagedorn 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 Haller 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Herder 
 
 
 
 Lessing 
 
 
 
 Rabener 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Wieland 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 i3> 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 53 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 
 
52 
 
 GERMAN RELATR'ES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 INDEFINITES — MASCULINE OR FEMININE 
 
 Abraham 
 
 Bodmer 
 
 Breitinger 
 
 Engel 
 
 Fichte 
 
 Gellert 
 
 Goethe 
 
 Gottsched 
 
 Grimmelsh... 
 
 Hagedorn 
 
 Haller 
 
 Herder 
 
 Lessing 
 
 Rabener 
 
 Wieland 
 
 Total 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ein- 
 
 einer, 
 
 einer, 
 
 einer, 
 
 einige, 
 
 einige, 
 
 zelner. 
 
 der 
 
 welcher 
 
 so 
 
 die 
 
 welche 
 
 der 
 
 15 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 58 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 em- 
 
 ziger, 
 
 der 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 13 
 
GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 53 
 
 INDEFINITES — MASCULINE OR FEMININE 
 
 
 ein- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 jeder- 
 
 
 ziger, 
 
 etiiche, 
 
 etiiche, 
 
 etiiche, 
 
 jeder, 
 
 jeder. 
 
 mann, 
 
 
 welcher 
 
 die 
 
 welche 
 
 80 
 
 der 
 
 welcher 
 
 der 
 
 Abraham 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Bodmer 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 Breitinger 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 Engel 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Fichte 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Gellert 
 
 
 
 Goethe 
 
 
 
 Gottsched 
 
 
 
 Grimmelsh.... 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Hagedorn 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 HaUer 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 6 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Herder 
 
 
 
 Lessinsf 
 
 
 
 Rabener 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 Wieland 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Total. 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 37 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 
 
54 
 
 GERM.\N RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 INDEFINITES — MASCULINE OR FEMININE 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (die) 
 
 
 jemand, 
 
 kelner, 
 
 mancher, 
 
 mehr, 
 
 mehr, 
 
 mehrere, 
 
 meisten, 
 
 
 der 
 
 der 
 
 der 
 
 die 
 
 welche 
 
 welche 
 
 die 
 
 Abraham 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Bodmer 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Brei linger 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Engel 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 3 
 5 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Fichte 
 
 
 
 Gellert 
 
 1 
 
 Goethe 
 
 
 
 Gottsched 
 
 
 
 Grimm elsh... 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 Hagedorn 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Haller 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Herder 
 
 
 
 Lessing 
 
 
 
 Rabener 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Wieland 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 18 
 
 16 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 55 
 
 INDEFINITES — MASCULINE OR FEMININE 
 
 
 niemand, 
 der 
 
 solcher, 
 der 
 
 solcher, 
 welcher 
 
 (die) 
 
 iibrigen, 
 
 die 
 
 verschiedene, 
 die 
 
 viele, 
 die 
 
 Abraham 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 Bodmer 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Breitinger 
 
 Engel 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Fichte 
 
 
 
 Gellert 
 
 1 
 
 Goethe 
 
 
 
 Gottsched 
 
 2 
 
 Grimmelsh... 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 Hagedorn 
 
 Haller 
 
 
 
 7 
 2 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Herder 
 
 
 
 Lessing 
 
 
 
 Rabener 
 
 1 
 
 Wieland 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 Total 
 
 28 
 
 14 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 11 
 
 
 
56 
 
 GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 INDEFINITES — MASCULINE OR FEMININE 
 
 
 viele, 
 welche 
 
 viele, 
 so 
 
 wenige, 
 die 
 
 wenige, 
 welche 
 
 wenige, 
 
 80 
 
 Abraham 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 Bodmer 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 Breitinger 
 
 Engel 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Fichte 
 
 
 
 Gellert 
 
 
 
 Goethe 
 
 
 
 Gottsched 
 
 
 
 Grimmelsh... 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 Hagedorn 
 
 HaUer 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Herder 
 
 
 
 Lessing 
 
 
 
 Rabener 
 
 
 
 Wieland 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 9 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 
GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 57 
 
 INDEFINITES — NEUTER 
 
 Abraham 
 
 Bodmer 
 
 Breitinger.... 
 
 Engel 
 
 Fichte 
 
 Gellert 
 
 Goethe 
 
 Gottsched... 
 Grimmelsh.. 
 Hagedorn... 
 
 Haller 
 
 Herder 
 
 Lessing 
 
 Rabener 
 
 Wieland 
 
 Total 
 
 alles, 
 was 
 
 12 
 
 22 
 37 
 29 
 44 
 32 
 25 
 34 
 18 
 14 
 12 
 21 
 42 
 22 
 57 
 
 421 
 
 alles, 
 wel- 
 ches 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 alles, 
 das 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 alles, 
 so 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 anders, 
 was 
 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 anders, 
 wel- 
 ches 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 anders. 
 das 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 2 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 anders, 
 so 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
58 
 
 GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 INDEFINITES — NEUTER 
 
 
 (das) 
 
 
 
 (das) 
 
 (das) 
 
 (das) 
 
 (das) 
 
 
 einige, 
 das 
 
 ems, 
 was 
 
 ems, 
 das 
 
 einzige, 
 was 
 
 emzige, 
 das 
 
 emzige, 
 welches 
 
 emzige, 
 so 
 
 Abraham 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Bodmer 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Breitinger 
 
 Eneel 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 o o o o o o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Fichte 
 
 
 
 Gellert 
 
 
 
 Goethe 
 
 
 
 Gottsched 
 
 1 
 
 Grimmelsh... 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Hagedorn 
 
 Haller 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Herder 
 
 
 
 Lessing 
 
 
 
 Rabener 
 
 
 
 Wieland 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 17 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 59 
 
 INDEFINITES — NEUTER 
 
 
 es, 
 was 
 
 es, 
 das 
 
 etwas, 
 was 
 
 etwas, 
 welches 
 
 etwas, 
 das 
 
 etwas, 
 so 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 (das) 
 
 Ganze, 
 
 das 
 
 (das) 
 Ganze, 
 welches 
 
 Abraham 
 
 Bodmer 
 
 Breitinger 
 
 Eneel 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 1 
 3 
 2 
 
 1 
 2 
 1 
 1 
 2 
 
 16 
 1 
 6 
 
 40 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 2 
 2 
 4 
 
 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 
 
 23 
 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 4 
 5 
 1 
 24 
 2 
 5 
 4 
 6 
 2 
 1 
 3 
 4 
 4 
 6 
 
 71 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Fichte 
 
 
 
 Gellert 
 
 
 
 Goethe 
 
 
 
 Gottsched 
 
 Grimmelsh... 
 
 Hagedorn 
 
 Haller 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Herder 
 
 
 
 Lessing 
 
 
 
 Rabener 
 
 Wieland 
 
 Total 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
60 
 
 GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 INDEFINITES — NEUTER 
 
 Abraham... 
 
 Bodmer 
 
 Breitinger.. 
 
 Engel 
 
 Fichte 
 
 Gellert 
 
 Goethe 
 
 Gottsched.. 
 Grimmelsh 
 Hagedorn.. 
 
 HaUer 
 
 Herder 
 
 Lessing 
 
 Rabener 
 
 Wieland 
 
 Total 
 
 (das) 
 
 
 Gleiche, 
 
 jedes, 
 
 was 
 
 was 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 mancher- 
 ley, das 
 
 man- 
 ches, 
 was 
 
 man- 
 
 ches, 
 
 das 
 
 man- 
 
 ches, 
 
 so 
 
 mehr, 
 was 
 
GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 61 
 
 INDEFINITES — NEUTER 
 
 Abraham 
 
 Bodmer 
 
 Breitinger.. 
 
 Engel 
 
 Fichte 
 
 Gellert 
 
 Goethe 
 
 Gottsched... 
 Grimmelsh. 
 Hagedorn... 
 
 Haller 
 
 Herder 
 
 Lessing 
 
 Rabener 
 
 Wieland 
 
 Total 
 
 mehr 
 das 
 
 (das) 
 
 (das) 
 
 mehrere, 
 
 Meiste, 
 
 welches, 
 
 was 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 nichts, 
 
 nichts, 
 
 was 
 
 das 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 9 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 3 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 56 
 
 nichts, 
 welches 
 
 26 
 
 nichts, 
 dasz 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
62 
 
 GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 INDEFIN ITES — NEUTER 
 
 Abraham... 
 
 Bodmer 
 
 Breitinger.. 
 
 Engel 
 
 Fichte 
 
 Gellert 
 
 Goethe 
 
 Gottsched.. 
 Grimmelsh 
 Hagedorn.. 
 
 Haller 
 
 Herder 
 
 Lessing 
 
 Rabener 
 
 Wieland 
 
 Total 
 
 
 (das) 
 
 
 
 seiches, 
 
 iibrige, 
 
 vieles, 
 
 vieles, 
 
 das 
 
 was 
 
 was 
 
 das 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 vieles, 
 welches 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 viel, 
 so 
 
GERMAN RELATIVES tN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 63 
 
 INDEFINITES — NEUTER 
 
 Abraham... 
 
 Bodmer 
 
 Breitinger.. 
 
 Engel 
 
 Fichte 
 
 Gellert 
 
 Goethe 
 
 Gottsched.. 
 Grimmelsh 
 Hagedorn.. 
 
 Haller 
 
 Herder 
 
 Lessing 
 
 Rabener 
 
 Wieland 
 
 Total 
 
 (das) 
 
 wenige, 
 
 was 
 
 (das) 
 
 Wenige, 
 
 das 
 
 (das) 
 
 Wenigste, 
 
 das 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 (das) 
 wenigste, 
 was 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
64 
 
 GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 PERSONAL PRONOUNS 
 
 
 der 
 
 welcher 
 
 Abraham 
 
 Bodmer 
 
 Breitinger 
 
 Engel 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 18 
 
 9 
 
 13 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 18 
 
 13 
 
 15 
 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 128 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 9 
 
 Fichte 
 
 Gellert 
 
 Goethe 
 
 Gottsched 
 
 Grimmelsh... 
 
 Hagedorn 
 
 Haller 
 
 Herder 
 
 Lessing 
 
 Rabener 
 
 Wieland 
 
 Total 
 
 
GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 65 
 
 C. THE RELATIVE AFTER A SENTENCE OR PHRASE 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 was betriflFt 
 
 
 was 
 
 welches 
 
 das 
 
 so 
 
 (anbelangt, etc.) 
 
 Abraham 
 
 
 
 35 
 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 Bodmer 
 
 4 
 
 23 
 
 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 Breitinger 
 
 Engel 
 
 2 
 9 
 
 4 
 2 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 35 
 1 
 
 27 
 
 
 26 
 
 47 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 26 
 3 
 
 Fichte 
 
 2 
 
 Gellert 
 
 
 
 Goethe 
 
 10 
 
 Gottsched 
 
 19 
 
 Grimmelsh.... 
 
 3 
 
 70 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 7 
 
 Hagedorn 
 
 HaUer 
 
 2 
 
 
 5 
 1 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 4 
 13 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 Herder 
 
 5 
 
 Lessing 
 
 3 
 
 Rabener 
 
 1 
 
 Wieland 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 Total 
 
 42 
 
 293 
 
 i 
 
 3 
 
 10 
 
 106 
 
 
 
66 
 
 GERMAN RELATIVES IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE 
 
 D. THE INDEFINITE RELATIVES 
 
 der 
 
 Abraham 
 
 Bodmer 
 
 Breitinger... 
 
 Engel 
 
 Fichte 
 
 Gellert 
 
 Goethe 
 
 Gottsched... 
 Grimmelsh.. 
 Hagedorn... 
 
 Haller 
 
 Herder 
 
 Lessing 
 
 Rabener 
 
 Wieland 
 
 Total 
 
 der wer 
 da 
 
 9 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 4 
 1 
 4 
 2 
 7 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 13 
 5 
 1 
 1 
 
 72 
 
 wer 
 auch 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 11 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 19 
 
 15 
 
 24 
 
 9 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 137 
 
 wer 
 da 
 
 wer, 
 der 
 
 24 
 11 
 13 
 11 
 3 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 56 
 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 
 13 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 203 
 
 wer, derselbe 
 
 wer, 
 
 (derselbige) 
 
 er 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 welcher 
 
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