GIFT OF
Harold Wheeler
A SERIES
OF
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK:
' . . ADAPTED. TO ^ , . .
GOODWIN'S GREEK GRAMMAR,
AND DESIGNED AS
AN INTRODUCTION
EITHER TO
GOODWIN'S GREEK READER, OR TO HIS SELECTIONS FROM XENOPIION
AND HERODOTUS, OR TO THE ANABASIS OF XENOPIION.
BY
JOHN WILLIAMS WHITE, PH. D.,
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF GREEK (k HARVARD UNIVERSITY.
Qt'Kovv olcrO' ort apx^ iravrb^ tpyov p-tfiffTOV, dXXws re nal
KO.I d,7ra\y brigovv ; PLAT. Rep. II. 377 A.
BOSTON:
GINN AND HEATH.
1877.
COPYRIGHT, 1876.
BY JOHN WILLIAMS WHITE.
GIFT OF
UNIVERSITY PRESS: WELCH, BIGELOW, Co.,
CAMBRIDGE.
PREFACE
FOR some years it was a part of my work to instruct begin-
ners in Greek. ' During that time the method of this book,
which is in some regards peculiar, was developed.
It will, perhaps, hardly be necessary to give reasons for
the introduction of the verb at the very outset, and the sub-
sequent development of its inflection alternately with that of
the other parts of speech. We should teach Greek, as far
as the changed conditions will allow, in the natural way in
which in adult years we learn to speak a modern language.
In this case, the object being the expression of thought, about
the first thing that we do is to put noun and verb together.
There is, however, related to this a question that is more in
doubt. It will be observed that the three voices of \va) have
been developed by moods and not by tenses. This has been
done for reasons that seem sufficient. The uses of the Greek
subjunctive and optative, though delicate, are nevertheless
clearly denned. When the student first learns their forms,
he should at once have the more common of these uses ex-
plained to him. The proposition is the element of language,
and from this individual words and forms derive their whole
relational significance. In fact, when a study is not made of
one mood at a time, but the subjunctive and optative are
]) resented tense by tense along with the other moods, fre-
quently a blind and often incorrect translation of the one by
968316
iv PREFACE.
may, etc., and of the other by might, etc., is allowed, as if
they were independent in their use like the indicative, a
translation in which the pupil has no adequate feeling of their
force. It may be easier to learn the mere forms of the verb
by tenses than by moods, a single tense-stem being presented
at once, but in the case of a pure verb the changes of stem
in the different tenses resulting from augment and tense-sign
can hardly be called a matter of great difficulty. In these
lessons, however, to meet whatever increase of difficulty there
really is, care has been taken that the development of the
indicative mood of \vco, which shows, with a single slight
exception, all of the tense-stems in a pure verb, should be
gradual. This development runs through seven lessons. Be-
sides this, as soon as possible, at Lesson XXXII. , a synopsis
by tenses has been given.
The exercises in immediate connection with the lessons have
been taken mainly from the first four books of Xenophon's
Anabasis. They are designed from the first as a drill not
only on forms, but also in syntax, the simpler principles of
which are early introduced and illustrated. With but few
exceptions they consist of complete sentences, and these have
been transferred with as little change as possible from the
original. It is obvious that it will be a great advantage to
those who subsequently read the Anabasis to have previously
studied in this careful way so great a part of it. Forms,
however, cannot be learned, especially by English-speaking
boys, whose own language is almost destitute of inflections,
without constant and recurring practice. To- supply mate-
rials for this practice there have been added to the lessons,
at the end of the book, twenty-five additional exercises on
forms to be taken by way of review, as the lessons proceed.
In these no attempt has been made to illustrate syntax
PREFACE. V
systematically, and the sentences (for phrases have not been
admitted even here) have been made as brief as possible,
though each introduces one or two, often many, illustrations
of the forms under consideration. These additional exercises
are drawn from all sources, but mainly from excellent books
for beginners by Bockel, by Schenkl, and by Kiihner.
In introducing the syntax, care has been taken that any
idiom peculiar to Greek should be explained on its first occur-
rence, and the explanation subsequently repeated ; but idioms
identical with the English, as e. g. the infinitive not in indi-
rect discourse, have been freely employed from the first. The
first year's knowledge of Latin also has been assumed in in-
troducing constructions. The last twenty lessons are intended',
to give a drill on the general principles of syntax, and only
the largest print of the sections in the grammar, cited at the
head of the lessons, is to be learned. If under any particular
construction there is a special fact likely to occur often, atten-
tion is called to it in the notes. It is recommended that these
lessons be taken at the rate of one or two a week in connec-
tion with the author whom the class shall have taken up on
finishing Lesson LV. It should be added that the English
parts of the exercises of these twenty lessons are not designed
as a systematic course in Greek Composition; to meet this
want, another book is in preparation to be taken by third-
year classes.
The vocabularies, both special and general, have been made
with care and from the point of view of the derivation and
composition of words, on the study of which too great stress
can scarcely be laid. Lessons LIV. and LV. should be intro-
duced early in parts, and the student taught the habit of
analyzing the words in his exercises to get at their meaning.
In the Greek-English vocabularies, English words that are
vi PREFACE.
cognate with or derived from the preceding Greek words have
generally been printed in small capitals; but no distinction has
been made between the two classes. It should, however, be
observed that the former show the influence of the phonetic
principle, familiarly known as Grimm's Law, according to which
Every Greek smooth mute (TT, K , r) appears in English as a rough ;
Every Greek middle mute (/3, y, d) appears in English as a smooth ;
Every Greek rough mute (<, x, 6) appears in English as a middle.
See Trarrip, irvp, TTOU<?, yow, Saxpu, <epo>, etc. This con-
nection between the Greek and English words has not been
traced out exhaustively. What is given is intended to be
suggestive, and leaves much that may be done by the teacher.
The special vocabularies should be well committed to mem-
ory. In these, in the course of the book, the student learns
four hundred good Xenophontic words, if we count twice some
verbs necessarily repeated. The parts of the verbs have been
given from Veitch, late forms being excluded. When he does
not catalogue the verb, oidy the present and future are given
in the general vocabulary, unless the verb has occurred also
in one of the special vocabularies. After Lesson XLI. every
verb should be classified according to 108. The prepo-
sitions, besides being briefly treated in the general vocabulary,
have also been systematically grouped, with their meanings,
in Lesson LXII. The pupil should refer to this lesson con-
stantly from the first. In the English-Greek vocabulary there
is no systematic treatment of synonymes, which have been
given only so far as necessary to guide the pupil in his choice
of words. It is scarcely necessary to add that this vocabulary
is special, and not designed for use with any other English
sentences than those occurring in this book.
The use of black-boards, extensive enough for the entire
class, is strongly recommended. The Greek of the English
PREFACE. vii
exercises might the first day be put on the board, and the
second day recited orally. By this use of the black-board,
classes are soon initiated into the mysteries of accentuation.
The teacher should also, with the material here given, make
other short sentences to be translated, both Greek and English.
This additional drill should be mainly oral, and conducted
rapidly. We should train not only the eye, but also the ear.
As to the order of the words in translating the English sen-
tences into Greek, the pupil should be warned against the
wrong placing of post-positive and adjective words and phrases,
and further against following the English arrangement slav-
ishly. As a general guide, he should know that in Greek the
subject followed by its modifiers stands first, the verb preceded
by its modifiers last, though often, as in English, the verb pre-
cedes its modifiers either wholly or in part. These English
sentences are for the most part translations, arid for the satis-
faction of teachers who may care to know what was the
original order and choice of words, the original sentences have
been published in pamphlet form, and may be had on appli-
cation to the publishers.
There has been prepared also, by request, a companion
pamphlet of parallel references to Hadley's Greek Grammar,
for the accommodation of those who, using his grammar,
would like to use also the materials collected in these les-
sons. These are not numerically arranged in columns, but
given in sets under the head of eacli -lesson, repeating the refer-
ences made to Goodwill's Grammar ; a method of references,
it is believed, as complete and satisfactory as could be desired.'
It cannot be expected that the book as it stands, without
omission or division of the lessons, will meet the wants of all
schools. To make the shortening of the lessons, when neces-
sary, easier, the exercises up to syntax have been divided into
viii PBEFACE.
four sections, the second and fourth of which need not he
taken. The additional exercises on forms also may either be
omitted or drawn from on occasion. In general, however, the
book had best be taken entire, in the manner prescribed, at
such rate of progress as is possible in each particular case.
It is believed that ordinarily, excluding the twenty lessons on
syntax, it can be completed and the class set to reading an
author in two terms of three months each. There will be much
difference of opinion, also, as to how much introductory mat-
ter should be learned before the class proceeds to the subject
of inflection, and on this account this part of the book has
not been divided into lessons. The parts of 15, 16, and
17, that are specified, might be omitted until Lesson XYI.
I would express my thanks to the University Press for the
elegance and care with which they have printed the book, and
in particular to Mr. Gustave Weinschenk, by whom mainly it
has been composed. It is the first Greek book of this grade,
of which I have any knowledge, ever printed in Porson pica
Greek.
It remains only to say to those into whose hands it may
come, that if this series of first lessons prove practicable
and valuable in the class-room, their thanks with mine are
due to three friends whom I may not name, who, with rare
kindness and patience, have permitted me in this undertak-
ing, where the questions that have arisen have necessarily
related to first principles, to draw at will upon the extensive
and varied stores of their knowledge of the general subject, so
much in demand in higher fields. I but inadequately express
the obligation I feel when I say that much of what is valuable
in these pages is due to them ; if there remain mistakes,
they are my own.
JOHN WILLIAMS WHITE.
HARVARD UNIVERSITY, June 28, 1876.
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
INTROD:ti'C.'f.GRV. 1
THE portions of the Grammar designated by the following
numerals arc to be well learned before taking up Lesson I. 2 The
parts of 15, 16, and 17, here specified, are given that the
student may have at the start a comprehensive view of the Euphony
of Consonants, the principles of which will be cited singly in the
following Lessons as needed. Before any attempt to learn these
paragraphs, the teacher should go over them carefully with the
class, pointing out in each case how the examples illustrate the
principle.
GRAMMAR 3 : 1, with N. 1, together with the system of
pronunciation given on page vi. 2, with N. 3. 4, 1
(with N.) and 2. 5, 1 and 2. 6, with 1 and 2, and N.
7. 15, 1 and 2. 16, with 1 (and N.), 2, 3, 4, and 5.
17, 1, 2, and 3. 18, 1 and 2. 19, 1, 2, and 3. 21,
1 and 2. 22, 1 and 2. 23, 1. 31.
After learning 1, with the system of pronunciation, give the
name and English equivalent of each letter in the following Exercise.
After 2 and 3 point out the vowels and diphthongs and give their
sounds. After 5 classify the consonants, and after 6 classify them
a second time, minutely. After the remainder of Part I. point out
and name the breathings and accents, and name the words according
to their accentuation ( 21, 2), and then pronounce the Exercise entire.
(The hyphens show the division of the words into syllables according
to IS, N.)
1
2 FIKST LESSONS IN GREEK.
Exercise.
Tau-ra Se Xe-ycoz; 9o-pv-fiov IJ-KOV-O-Z Si-a TO*V
TOL-^e-toV^ l-OV-TOS, KCLi 7]-pe-TO TL? 5 6 6 @6-pV-fio$
L-rjJ 6 Se KXe-ayo-^o? el-Tre^ o-n TO crvv-Orj-jjia
ira-pep-^f-rai 8 ?ei'-Tc-/'O>' 17-817. /cat 05 l-Oav-^a-
cre rig TTO. 'prLy~yi\-\i KO! ij-pe-TO o TL ei-7j TO
<rvv-6r)-iJia. 6 8" J d-TTi-Kpi-va'To ZET2 2O-THP
KAI NI-KH.
N*0 T E S .
1 The number of lessons into which this introductory matter had best be
divided has been left to the judgment of the teacher.
2 Let the teacher at the outset go over the " Introduction " (pages six, xx of
the Grammar) with the class, using mnps.
3 Those portions of the Grammar that are to be studied are designated here
and in the following Lessons by paragraph and subdivision. Occasionally, how-
ever, more specific directions are given.
* 22, N. 2. 6 $ 29.
6 23, 1, N. 7 21, 1, N. 2.
8 22, N. 1.
9 That is, 84 ($ 12). Pronounce as if a part of the following word.
LESSON I.
Preliminary.
GRAMMAR : 32, 1 and 2. Bead 32, N. 33, 1, 2,
and 3, with notes 1 and 2. 88, 1 and 2. 89. 90,
1 and 2. 91. 93. 78, 1 declension of the Definite
Article o, 77, TO. 141. 86, declension of the Relative
Pronoun 09, %, o.
NOTE.
1 The first column gives the masculine forms ; the second, the feminine ; the
third, the neuter. See, further, 29.
FIRST LESSONS IN GEEEK. 3
LESSON II.
Verbs: Present Indicative Active.
GRAMMAR : 94. 96, I., the Present Indicative Active
of Xuo), together with the meaning of this tense, 95, 2, first
column, and its terminations) 114, 2, I., first column. 1
Vocabulary. 2
dXr)0eva>, -et?, to speak the truth?
/BacnXeva), -ei?, to be king, to reign.
ypd^O), -615, to write, to GRAVE. 4
e#eXw, -ei?, to wish, to desire.
-et?, to march.
, to LOOSE, to destroy.
, -(,5, to send.
, -ei5, to run.
Exercises.
Translate into English.
I. 1. Xvovcrt. 5 2. ftao-iXeva). 3. /3a<TiXeveis.
4. 6 fjidvTLs (soothsayer) aXyOevei. 5. ypd<f)a).
6. ypd(f)Tov. 6 7. Xvere. 8. Tre/^Tret?. 9. I6e\ei
II. 1. 6 d^p (y>/) ypd<j>ei. 2.
3. dXrj0VTov. 4. Xvero^. 5. ypdffrovcrt,. 6. e^e-
Xei
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
Translate into Greek.
III. 1. He writes., 2. They (two) speak the
truth. 3. I desire to run. 4. They send. 5. You
(singular) march. 6. He looses.
IV. 1. You (two) run. 2. We speak the truth.
3. I write. 4. We wish to write.
NOTES.
1 If the teacher thinks best, the subdivision of the terminations into con-
necting vowels and personal endings can be introduced even here. It is first
given in the book in Lesson X., which is a review of the active voice.
2 On the special vocabulary of each Lesson see the suggestions in the
Preface.
3 The definitions are given in the Infinitive to express the simple meaning
of the verb without reference to person or number.
* In the vocabularies the capitals point to the fact that the English word
is either a direct derivative from the Greek word or of kindred origin with it.
6 THEY loose. Be careful to use as subject in each case in the English
translation the pronoun appropriate to the person and number of the verb, pro-
vided that no noun-subject occurs.
6 You (two), or they (two), write (dual).
7 To write, Present Infinitive Active of ypaQw, the ending being -iv.
LESSON III.
Nouns: First Declension,
GRAMMAR: 34. 35. 36, except the terminations
of the masculine singular. Read carefully 36, N. 25,
1 and 2. 37, 1, the declension of the first three nouns, and
2, with N. 2.
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 5
Vocabulary.
yecfivpa., -a?, 77,* a bridge.
15, 3 prep, taking the ace. only, into, to.
, 3 prep, taking the gen. only, Ollt of, ffOM.
-775, 77, a letter, an EPISTLE.
-775, 77, the sea.
, -775, 77, a spring.
-775, 77,. a village.
-as, 77, a country.
Exercises.
I. 1. ye(j)vpa)v, $aXarrai5, KOJ/XTJ, ^ay>a5> eViaTo-
Xa, /capias. 2. ypd(f>L eViaToXT^. 3.
15 T77^ 6 OaXarrav. 4. ra5 eTrtcrroXas 0,5 7
ypdcf)i. b. rrjv yecfrvpav Xvei (he destroys). 6. eV 5
KOJjJitov e'Xau^et. 7. Tpe^op.ev 15 ra5 (TKTjvds*
II. 1. eXav^et et5 ra5 Acw/xa5. 2. rrjv crrpa-
Oavp.di^eL. 3. 77^65 (^) TT^ Kpyjvy Kopas
'. (he finds) .
III. 1. Of a village, for the bridge, of (two)
countries, for the houses. 2. He has 8 a letter. 9
3. He marches into the village. 4. They destroy
the bridges.
IV. 1. We run into the sea. 2. He marches
from the sea to the tents.
FIRST LESSONS IN GBEEK.
NOTES.
1 The article shows the gender of the substantive, 33, 2, N. 1.
2 29.
3 Also a proclitic. See, further, 13, 2.
4 lu earlier Attic Greek and the other dialects, 6d\affffa. The fo:m in
double tau (TT) occurs in the later Attic.
5 13, 1.
138.
7 151.
8 Words not found in the special vocabulary of the Lesson are to be looked
for in the general vocabularies at the end of the book.
9 On the order of words in Attic Greek Prose, consult the Preface.
LESSON IT.
Nouns : First Declension (continued] . Subject, Predicate,
Object
GRAMMAR: 36. 37, 1 and 2, with notes 1 and 2.
133, 1 and 2. 134, 1. 135, 1. 158.
Examples. 1
133, 1 : He/of 779 jSaaihevet,, XERXES (subject) is KING
(predicate) .
133, 2 : ftor]6eiav 7re/u7ro/Ltez> rot? o-rpariwrai^, we
send AID (direct object in the accusative)
TO THE SOLDIERS (indirect object in the
dative) .
134, 1 : 6 7ro\/T77<? ypdfai, THE CITIZEN (subject nomi-
native) writes.
135, 1 : (eyo>) 2 \eya), I SAY ; o TroXm?? Xeya, 1/ie
citizen SAYS; ol TroXlrcu \eyov<n, t ike citi-
zens SAY; etc.
FIRST LESSONS IN GHEEK. 7
158 : TOU? o-Tpcmcora? e-^et, he has THE SOLDIERS
(direct object in the accusative).
Vocabulary.
, -as, :;, W, assistance.
), -etc, /o wonder at, to admire.
, -ets, /o command, to order.
-as, 17, roc, mass of rock.
770X1x179, -ou, 6, a citizen.
, -ou, 6, a SATRAP.
, -ou, 6, a soldier.
<j>epa), -et?, ^ BEAR, /o /5r2y/y, to produce.
Exercises.
I. I . crarpaTTou, TroXtra, crrpartwrat?, TroXtra, TTO-
2. /3oTJ0LOLV 7T/17TO/A^ TOJ CraTpOLTTTJ. 3. t?
)^ yupav l\avvi. 4. KO! (afl?) a? TTtTpai et?
Bakarrav Ka0ij%ovo'iv* (reach down}. 5. TO
(plain] p,e\Lvr]i> (frepci.
II. 1. opo ( mountain] TO ireSiov Trep
rounds] IK OaXdrrrj^ t? OdKaTrav. 2. Ivravffa (there-
upon] 6 o-arpaTTTj^ AuSta? re /cat 5 <&pvyiai<$
III. 1. O soldier, for the citizens, of the satraps,
the letters of the (two) citizens. 2. Orontas writes a
letter. 3. And I march to the tents. 4. The satrap
sends aid to the citizens.
8 FIEST LESSONS IN GREEK.
IV. 1. He marches from the village into Phrygin.
2. Thereupon the soldiers run into their (rots) tents.
NOTES.
1 To be used in place of the illustrations given in the articles of the Syntax
that are cited, since these would not be understood.
2 134, 2, N. 1.
3 In continued discourse, the sentence commonly has a conjunction or some
other expression connecting it with what goes before. In the detached sen-
tences of the exercises these have necessarily often been dropped (less and less,
however, as the Lessous proceed), but the principle should be carefully kept
in mind.
* 13, 1, N. 2.
6 re KdC, both. ..and, correlative conjunctions. T is enclitic ( 27, 4) and
follows the word it emphasizes.
6 141, N. 2.
* 134, 2.
LESSON Y.
Verbs : Imperfect and Future Indicative Active,
GRAMMAR, : 96, I., the Imperfect and ^Future Indicative
Active of \vo), together with the meanings of these tenses,
95, 2, first column, and their terminations, 114, 2, I.,
first and third columns. 99, 1 and 2. 100. 110. 1
26.
Vocabulary.
-779, rj, a wagon.
to have, to possess, to hold.
fut. Ovo-a), to sacrifice.
677X17775, ~ov, 6, a heavy-armed foot-soldi t>r,
a HOFLITE.
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
fut. 7ratcra>, to strike.
, -ou, 6,
target or M/wrf) # taryeteer, a PELT AST.
^a), (ire/*', around, and # X w) fo //0/J O^tf's Self Ctr
to surround.
-r9, rj
a tent.
Exercises.
I. 1. eXvere, ySacrtXevcret, e^acrtXeve,
K\eve<;, Xucret?, dXrjOevcreToy. 2. ra>
<f>pV* (it brought). 3. 6 crarpaTTT;?
4. ot 8e 4 (/6/^) crr/janwrat
5. ot OTrXtrai o&s 6 e^et ^vcroucr^. 3
II. 1. XuoroiKTi yap 4 (./or) r^ ytyvpav. 2. ot
TroXtrat eTraiov rou? OTrXtra?. 3. /ceXevo'Oi'crt rou?
Ilepo'a? Xueti' ra? y<f)vpas.
III. 1. You (plural] will sacrifice, we were strik-
ing, they were striking, they (two) were sacrificing,
he was running. 2. They were striking the targe-
teers. 3. The sea surrounds the country.
IV. 1. The soldiers were running from their tents.
2. He Avill command the hoplites to guard their
tents.
NOTES.
1 The characteristic of the Future Active is or. The Present and Imperfect
have no characteristic in any of the voices.
2 The Future, o> or ff-^ad) (two forms), and Imperfect, dx ov > f this verb
are both peculiar in formation.
10 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
3 13, 1, with N. 2.
* A postpositive conjunction, i. e. a conjunction which is always put after one
or more words of the sentence. See also again note 3, Lesson IV.
5 22, N. 1. Cf. 22, 2.
6 151.
LESSON VI.
Nouns : Second Declension. Prepositions,
GRAMMAR: 40. Bead 40, N. 41. 42, 1.
Remarks on the Use of Prepositions. 1
1. The genitive is used with prepositions to denote the object
from which an action proceeds, as ij/cei irapa TOV a-Tparrryov, lie u
come FROM the general.
2. The dative is used to denote the object by which an action
takes place, as /xo/et -n-apa TO> o-Tparrryu, he remains BY (at the side
of] the general.
3. The accusative is used to denote the object towards which the
motion is directed, as eAauVei Trapa TOV a-Tpa.Trjybi', he is advancing
TO the general.
Vocabulary.
ayyeXo?, -ou, 6, a messenger.
, -ov, 6, a stone.
-ov, 6, a hill.
-OV, 6, (Xoxos, a company, and 70;) a Captain.
"ov, 6, a law.
, -ov, TO, a plain,
os, -ov, 6, (0-77x1x6?, an army, and ctyw) a general.
V, -OV, TO, (dim. of xpvffbs, (/old) (/old
(/old.
FIRST LESSONS IN GEEEK. 11
Exercises.
I. 1. avOpatTTovs, dyyeXoiz;, \iO(i>v, (TTpaTrjyov,
VTJ(T(ji), Xdyaj, TreSta, Xo^ayot?. 2. . e/xe^ere Trapa
rw crrpar^ya). 3. o orrpar^yo? Tre^Trei crrparKwra?
e/c 2 TTJ9 KWfJirjs. 4. /cat 3 crTparrjyol KOLL Xo^ayot
6vcrov<TLV. b. Kal e^aTTivrjs ol crrpariamu
XL&OVS. 6. Trapa raiz' crrpaTicur&j^
II. 1. 6 4 ofo 1 KXeap^o? TrefjLTrei KVKIOV iiri (upon)
TOV \6(f)ov. 2. rou? Aa/ceSat/xo^iou? /cXeVretv KwXuet
1/0/109. 3. 6 Se crrpar^yo? Xa/xy8a^et TO xpycriov.
III. 1. To the captain, O general, for the mes-
sengers, from (the side of) the tent into the plain, of
the laws. 2. But Clearchns takes the gold and sends
(it) 6 to the soldiers. 3. The generals will lead 7 the
army.
IV. 1. For the general destroys the bridge and
inarches into Phrygia. 2. The soldiers desire to
sacrifice to both gods and goddesses.
NOTES.
1 To be learned with care.
2 irapa with the genitive means strictly from the side of, while ^ means out
of. So Trapa with the accusative means to the side of, but ck, into. The dis-
tinction, however, is often not observed.
3 /cat... /cat, correlative conjunctions, both... and.
* 141, N. 1, (a).
6 Postpositive. See note 4, Lesson V.
6 Omit.
7 The Future of ayw is a&, 16, 2.
12 FIKST LESSONS IN GREEK.
LESSON YII.
Verbs : Aorist, Perfect, and Pluperfect Indicative Active.
GRAMMAR : 96, I., Aorist, 1 Perfect, and Pluperfect In-
dicative Active of \vco. 95, 2, first column. 114, "2, I.,
second and fourth columns. 10.1, 1, 2, and 3.
Vocabulary.
dSeX<o9, -OV, 6, (voc. sing, with irregular ac-
cent, d5e\0e) a brother.
/3ov\eva), fat. -evcrw, aor. -evcra, /0 j0/#, fo &-
pcrf. -ev/ca, (j3ou\77, y) z;^.
, -ov, 6, a tax, an impost.
, -OV, TO, ffffi<
, -OV, O, (e?p7w, to restrain} an Odtll.
-775, 17, silence.
VW, fut. -6VCTW, aor. -evCTOL, (T%OV, a bow] to shoot with a bow.
, -ov, d, (ro^ov, a bow) a bowman.
Exercises.
I. 1. eVaura/re, eXeXv/ceijae^, Ace/ceXevfca?, /3c/3ov-
\VKicrav, TreTraLKa, IXtXvKeirov. 2. 01 rofdrat ov?
7re/>t7rojLt^ erdfevcra^. 3. 01 Se TroXeJu-toi rovs 2 op-
/cov? XeXv/cacrt^. 4. re^v/ca/xe^ 3 rots ^eot?. 5. r^
ye^vpaz^ eXvcrare 4 /cat e/xe^ere 4 et' TT^ injo"^. 6. d
Se KXe'ayo^os ToX/^iSr;^ /ce/ceXev/ce trvyrjv
TtlV.
FIRST LESSONS IN GUEEK. 13
II. 1. o Kupos jJiVLV TOP crrpaT^yov K\vcrev.
2. Swpa iXajLtySaj^e rrapa rwv avOpaiTrtov* 3. Kai 6
crrpar^yos ex l o 7r ^ Ta< > fa! TreAraoTas /cat rofdras.
III. 1. We had loosed, they have planned, he
shot, you (singular) have sacrificed, I sacrificed, we
have. 2. But the barbarians shot from 7 their 2
horses. 3. For 8 Cyrus sent 9 the imposts to his
brother. 4. The captain has ordered the hoplites
to take the arms.
IV. 1. And Cyrus commanded Orontas to take
the soldiers. 2. The generals have broken their
oaths ; for they have not 10 sacrificed to the gods.
NOTES.
1 The characteristic ( 110) of the Aortst \\\ the Active is <r, and that of
the Perfect and Pluperfect is K.
2 141, N. 2.
3 17,2. -<5.l
200, N. 5, first paragraph.
141, N. 1, (a).
134, 2.
dwo, with the genitive. ,
The Greek word is postpositive. See note 4, Lesson V.
Imperfect, to denote the repetition of the action.
10 ov, 29.
LESSON Till.
Nouns : The Attic Second Declension. The Adnominal
Genitive.
GRAMMAU: 42, 2. 22, N. 2. 25, 2, N. 167,
with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.
14 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
Examples.
167, 1 : al TOV a-arpdirov 1 Kw^ai, the SATRAP'S villages.
167, 2 : r t TWV o-TparicoTwv evvoia, the good-will OF
<^f THE SOLDIERS (i. e. wldcli the soldiers feel}.
167, 3 : o TWV 7ro\e/jiia)v (/>o'/3o?, the fear OF THE ENEMY
(i. e. which is felt toward them}.
167, 4 : Se'/ca a^a^ai Tre-rpwv, ten wagon-loads OF STONES.
167, 5 : TTora/xo? 7r\e0pov, a river OF (ONE) PLETHRUM
(in breadth) ; SeKa rj^epcov oSo?, & journey
OF TEN DAYS ; 8//^7; Se:a raXaVra)^, # /w-
*^ OF (i. e. involving] TEN TALENTS.
167, 6 : SeVa TWV avOpuirwv, ten OF THE MEN.
Vocabulary.
-a?, r], <
fut. -ao~&>, aor. -aO~a, perf. -a/ca, 2 to hunt wild beasts.
, -OV, O, (KW/AT; and cfy>x w > to rule) d Vlllci^C-chlPf.
-cu, o, f/ 1 i are.
, -ov, 6, pay, hire.
OU>05, -OU, 6, WINE. 3
', -OV, TO, (dim. of TTCUS, # <7^70 # /?^//
r, -ov, 6, a son.
Exercises.
I. 1. avtoyetov, vea>, veojv, avtoyecpv, avcoyeco,
v> dvatyeco, veto. 2. 6 Se Kvpos cirf|f 4 rw
Se/ca r)}Jipa)V .{jLicr06v. 3. rwz^ Se
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 17
(what) kv v<j> e^ere ; 4. 6 Se TrXovs eoTw 8 (is) eis
TO,? 'A #771^9. 5. eVe/xi/fe TOI> avOpajTrov 'Aptato? 6
crTparrjyos. 6. tv TV) yrj apyovai Aa/ceSat/^oVtot
/cat eV T77 OaXdrrrj.
II. 1. kp-TTopiov S* 77^ (?##s) TO ytopiov. 2. ^ Se
TT)Z/ arrpanav kOav^at<E.v. 3. 6 Se Kuyoo?
aipa e7re/xi//e^, ITTTTOV /cat i//lXta /cat
apyvpov.
III. 1. He wishes to send five minae of silver.
2. The horses and asses kept running 4 through the
plain into the sea. 3. Cyrus, the brother of Arta-
xerxes, sends the bowmen ten days' pay, five minae
of silver.
IV. 1. Cyrus, the (son) 5 of Darius, wishes to be
king in place of 6 his brother. 2. He therefore orders
his generals to assemble 7 hoplites and targeteers, and
marches through Lydia to 8 the river Maeander. 9
NOTES.
1 33, 2, N. 2, first two lines.
2 The neuter singular accusative of the interrogative pronoun T/S. Consult,
further, 23, N., and 31.
3 Enclitic, 27, 3, and 28, 1. See also 13, 1, N. 1.
* Kept running, Imperfect.
5 Omit, 141, N. 4.
6 In place of, avri with the genitive.
7 dOpoifa.
67T/.
9 142, 2, N. 5.
2
18 FIEST LESSONS IN GEEEK.
LESSON X.
Verbs: The Indicative Active.
GRAMMAR: 96, I., the Indicative Active. 112, except
the Middle and Passive endings. Read carefully 112, N.
114, 1 and 2, I. 95, 1, the synopsis in the Active voice
of the Indicative of \va). 102, 1 and 2. 105, 1.
106. 195. 200.
Examples.
195 : rot;? oTrX/ra? yyov, THEY LED the hoplites (the
subject is represented as acting).
JTepcTT;? rjv 1 'ApTagepgrjs, Artaxerxes WAS a Per-
sian (the subject is represented as being] .
Vocabulary.
yco, ao
C/CAcX^CTia, -a?, 17, (^ and KaX^w, to
call, to summon} an assembly.
7TL-^(Lpa) t fut. iTTL^eLpTJCTO), aor.
iTre^eiprjcra, (M and xcf/>, ^/^ hand) to lay hand to, to try.
TTO tew, -r;cr(y* -17 era, -07 /ca, fo ^/6>, ^<9 make.
city, and et/>7w) ^o besiege, to blockade.
-ycra), -rjcra, -TJKGL,
(r^Xos through reXei/r??, each meaning /) /O ^^// one's life, to (lie.
a), -jjcrai, -TICTOL, -rjKa^ (TIM) to honor.
<f)a>vjj, -7^9, rj, speed, language.
FIEST LESSONS IN GREEK. 19
Exercises.
I. 1. 6 Se Aa/5eio5 TT\evTTJKi* KoL ' ApTa^tp^rjs
e/3acrtXevei>. 2. Sta TOV TreStou 6 et? TT)^ #aXarrai>
Ka0TJKL eXawet 19 Tapcrov?. 3. 6 Se o-rpar^yo?
rdre tTTOirjcrev e'/c/cX^o-tai' rw^ crryoaTt<uTa>i>. 4. 6 Se
KuySOg 7TO\LOpKTJ(TL MiXrjTOV KO.I* KCLTO, (by) yfjv KOL
Kara OdXaTTav. 5. 01 Se crrpartwrat roz/ crrpaTTyyov
T /3a\\ov KOL TO, VTro^uyta. 6. 7)vio~KOv* Se /cat
eV rat? /CWACUS /cat
II. 1. eVet (iclieii) Se eVeXevrTycre Aayoeto?, 6 cra-
TpaTrys Ste^SaXXe Kupoi^. 2. evravOa ol TroXe/Atot
/catetz/ eVeetrcra^ ra? /cwxa?. 3. /cat ra>
III. 1. We shall besiege the emporium by land
and sea. 2. He has written 6 a letter to 7 Artaxerxes.
3. For I have been a slave and know the men's lan-
guage.
IV. 1. But thence he descended into a plain.
2. For Cyrus had honored him 8 on account of (his) 9
fidelity.
NOTES.
1 Imperfect Indicative third person singular of el/jii, to be. Tor the case of
the first noun, see 136.
2 32, 2, N., first paragraph. * See note 3, Lesson VI.
101, 2, N. 2. B ctplo-Kta.
Steins in <|> (as ypd<j>ui) do not take K as the characteristic in the Perfect
am
Pluperfect, but remain unchanged, 110, 2.
irapd with the accusative.
avrbv.
Omit.
20 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK,
LESSON XI.
Verbs: The Present and Imperfect Indicative of el/u. Neuter
Plural Subject and Dative of the Possessor.
GRAMMAR: 129, L, the Present and Imperfect Indicative
of elfu. 26, with N. 4. 27, with 3. 28, with 1, 2,
and 3. 133, 1, N. 1. 135, 2. 184, 4.
Examples.
135, 2 : ov 1 yap ecru 2 TrXola, for there ARE not boats.
184, 4 : eoTi 2 Kvpw TrapaSetcro?, CYRUS has a park.
Vocabulary.
KLvSvvos, "ov, o, danger, peril.
TrapaSeicros, -ov, 6, a park.
Trrjyjj, -779, 17, a spring, a (river's) source.
TT\olov> -ov t TO, (vxtu, to sail) a vessel, a transport.
-ov, 6, ivar.
, -0V, 6, (7r6Xe/ios) an eneili in war: plur. ol
, the enemy .
crtro?, 3 "ov, 6, grain, food.
, -ov, 6, a friend.
Exercises.
I. 1. rf^ev, el, rjo~T, rjcrOa, ICTTOV, ecr/^eV, TJ
2. evTavOa rjo-av KOJ/XCU. 3. eV KIV?>VVOL<$ e
4. KXeap^o? AafceSat/xd^tos 4 17^. 5. et eVt
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 21
power of) TO) d8eX<^>oj. 6. lyravOa
KOL
II. 1. o-aTpoiTrevcrovo-iv ol Kvpov faXoi. 2.
TrdXe^os Trpos Mvcrous. 3. ecrrt 2 Se
'ApTaepov ySacriXeta eV KeXat^at? eVl rai?
rou Mapcrwov Trora/xou.
III. 1. For there was food in the villages.
2. And it was not 8 possible 9 to capture the asses.
3. Cyrus has a stronghold at the sources of the river.
4. He will therefore 10 try to capture the enemy.
IV. 1. You (plural) are in the power of the gen-
erals. 2. Since (eVet) he has soldiers and boats, he
will besiege the enemy's stronghold.
NOTES.
1 29. 6 A neuter plural.
2 28, N. 1, at the end. 7 135, N. 1.
3 60, 2. 8 13, 2, second paragraph.
* 136. 9 It was possible, use simply the proper form of dyl.
5 141, N. 2. 10 oiV, a postpositive conjunction.
LESSON XII.
Adjectives : First and Second Declensions. Accusative of
Extent.
GRAMMAR: 62, 1, 2, and 3. 63. 64. 138.
Head 138, Eem. 161.
22 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
Examples.
138 : 1) 6 <700o? avOpw-JTOs, the WISE man ; TOV <TO$OV
, TWV aofywv dv6pw r nwv, etc.
2) ?)V Se Trapa TOV EvcjjpaTrjv 7rdpo$o$ crrevi],
but there was a NAIIROW flasst/ye along the
Euphrates (an attributive adjective).
3) j)v yap 7) TrapoSo? o-revr), for the passage was
NARROW (a predicate adjective) .
161 : jjiV6 8eVa ^fjuepa^^ he remained TEN DAYS
(time).
e^eXavvet, Trapacrayyas eitKoffi, he advances
TWENTY PARASANGS (space) .
Yocabulary.
, -a, -ov, (&ypfc, a field] living in the fdd, wild.
, -05, -ov, (ayLia^a) passciUe by ivayons.
, -co?, -a)v, propitious.
/ca\o5, -TI, -6v, beautiful.
/m/cpo5, -a, -or, (M^-OS, length) long .
6805, -ov, rj, a way, a road.
, -ov, 6, a league (about), a PARASANG.
, -ov, 6, a days journey, a stage.
Exercises.
I. 1. VTOLv9a el(TL KO)fJLaL KaXal fJieCTTOL (TLTOV 1
KGLL OLVOV. 2- VTO.V0a fJiVi KvyOO5 KOL Tj (TTpOLTLCL
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 23
3. o[ #eoi l\co rjo-av. 4. 6Voi 8'
aypioi ov? 01 (Trpari^rai 0r]pdo~ovo'Lv ev ra> TOTTOJ
5. ot XaXSaiot iXevOepoi re icat
6VXa 8' et^oz^ 4 yeppa {JiaKpa KOI
II. 1. erot/AO? et/ii eXawet^. 2. 07 Se elcr/Bo\r)
rjv 68os a/xa^iros opO'ia icrxypus. 3. evrevOtv efe-
crra^/xous Suo Trapacrayya? SeAca 7Tt TOZ^
TTOTOLfJLOV.
III. 1. He sends two thousand hoplites and ten
thousand targeteers. 2. (There) 5 were a thousand
wild asses in the plain. 3. Thence he marches ten
days through Phrygia, a friendly country.
IV. 1. The generals marched forth into a friendly
country. 2. Thence he marches five stages, thirty
parasangs, to 6 the sources of the river. 3. In this
place there was a beautiful park.
NOTES.
1 Adjectives of fulness and want, like the corresponding verbs, take the geni-
tive, 180, with 1, and 172, 1. * 103.
2 13, 1, with N. 2. B Omit.
3 Cf. note 5, Lesson IV. 6 M.
LESSON XIII.
Verbs : Present, Imperfect, and Future Indicative Middle.
GRAMMAR: 96, I., 1 Present, Imperfect, and Future 2 In-
dicative Middle of \va). 95, 2, second paragraph. 112,
24 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
Middle and Passive endings. 114, 1 and 2, II., first and
second columns, with N. 1. 199, 1, 2, and 3.
Examples.
199, 1 : TpeirovTai 71730? \yo-Tetav, they turn THEM-
SELVES to piracy.
199, 2 : Tropic-rat, airov, they procure food FOR
THEMSELVES.
199, 3 : \v<TovTat, ra TratS/a, they will ransom THEIR
(OWN) children..
So also : d/x-ww, to ward off, but d/xwo/zat, to ward off from ones
self ; a.Tr-(.\<j), to hold off, but obr-cr^ofuu, fo 7w/^ owe'* se// 1 q^ 1 , /o
refrain ; /3ovX.euu>, to plan, but ^ovAeuo/xat, fo j/aw ^//A o^e'6 1 5f //)
to deliberate ; Tropevw, ^o make go, but Tropeuo/xat, ^o m-a^e owe'* se//"
yo, ifo proceed ; ^>atVw, /o 5/^0^, but </>atVo/xai, ^o s/ww owe'$ self, to
appear; etc.
Vocabulary.
js> "*!> ( & PX U > to rule } rule, command, province.
twfoj, .8ia)a, to pursue, to chase.
#09, -OU, 6 or ij, # y6>^/, t/<?^.
lyyiOV, -OV y TO, (dim. /0m of
txvos, a track] a track.
OTT\OV, -ov, TO, ^ implement : piur.
TTopeva), -va~a>, -evcra, (TTO/JOS,
a wy ero*) fo ^^^ yO, ^0 C071V61/.
CTTpaTid, -a?, 17, (a-rparos, an
army) an army.
TOOV, -ov, TO, a bow.
FIRST LESSONS IN GEEEK. 25
Exercises.
I. 1. Xuei, erpeTTov, afercu, rpei//d/A#a, riyovrOy
ayo/Acu, eXvoz/ro, TyoeVrecr^e, XvcrtcrOov. 2. 6 Se
craTpdirrjs k/BovXeuero. 3. 17 Se crryoarta e
crlrov. 4. is ra? Kaunas 01 crrpartairat
5. ot OTrXtrai rpeTrovrai 3 rous TroXe/xtous. 6. /cat
II. 1. e^airero t^^ia ITTTTCEI^. 2. a
Taji/ 0.tov Q opKOVs. 3. Ki;yoo^ 8e
aTro r^9 &PX*)* ^ CLVTOV (him)
4. TC
i;^ rot? Oeols av
III. 1. They brought gifts and ransomed their
(own) children. 2. Wild asses appeared in the
plain. 3. Thereupon the bowmen sent for their
bows. 4. He Avill lead his (own) army into Cilicia.
IV. 1. We shall send for ten thousand hoplites.
2. They procured themselves horses and proceeded to
the river. 3. The enemy appeared and put the army
to flight.
NOTES.
1 Page 67.
2 The characteristic ( 110) of the Future Middle, as of the Active, is <r.
3 Consult the general vocabulary, TP^TTW.
4 17, 1.
5 103.
6 167, 3.
7 The Euglish idiom requires the Pluperfect. For the two accusatives, see
166.
8 106.
26 FIKST LESSONS IN GEEEK.
LESSON XIY.
Adjectives : Contracts of the First and Second Declensions.
Position of the Article,
GRAMMAR: 65. 9, with 1, 2 (and N.), 3 (and N.),
and 4. 24, 1, with N. 43, N., 1, 2, 3. 142, 1, 2,
and 3.
Examples.
142, 1 : 6 cro^o? av6pa> t jro<i, ffie WISE 70 ; ol TWV
6rj(3aicov arparrjjo^ the generals OF THE
THEBANS.
142, 2 : avOpwiros o cro^>o? or o avOpwTros o <ro<o9,
/^^ WISE WW y Ql, G'TpaTTj'yOi, OL TWV 07)-
ffalwv, the generals OF THE THEBAXS.
142, 3 : 6 a^^30)7ro? 0-0^09 or ao^o? o avOptoiros (sc.
0"riv)t the man is WISE.
Vocabulary.
dya#os, -17, -dz^, ^oo^/, virtuous, brave.
aero?, -ou, 6,
dXdytCTTO?, -O5, -OI^, (a priv. 1 and \oyi-
i, to consider; cf. \6yos, X^yw)
?, -05, -Ol', (^Sao-tXeus) TOl/al, kl
(eB, w^//, and ^oOs) Well-disposed.
lOV, -OV, TO, (dim. t /war of ^17/9,
tr/w *^*o ?p7f/ animal.
/A6CT05, -17, -Ol>, MIDDLE.
crrjp.iov, -ov, TO, (<r^/ta, a */>) sign, a standard.
PIKST LESSONS IN GKEEK. 27
Exercises.
I-. \ \ -y o -rr ' v\e / /- /I
. 1. aAA ecrrt J^vpw 17 apx 7 ] ^ Trarpcoa. 2. t/rj-
pia Se TrazTota ot (TTpaTrjyol eSta>Acoz>. 3. TO, Se
yajpiai craTpaTrevo'Ovo'iv ol TOV Kvpov dSeXc^ou <^>i-
Xot. 3 4. ot fcaXoi 4 re 5 Aca/ya$ot G Kv^o&> ev^oi fjcrav.
5. Kvpo? Se eSw/ce 7 ((/ave) TO) avOpatTTco
Xpvcrovv Kal \\fi\ia /cat aKivaKrjv -^pvcrovv.
II. 1. eSwfce Se /cal (f)Ld\.rjv apyvpav. 2. Z
ev rat9 /cw/xat? rat? uTrep (above) TOV TreStou. 3. Sta
8 Se TOV TrapaSeurou pet 9 6 Mataz^Spo? Trora-
4. ou^ 10 OUTW5, a> KXe'apxe, dXdytcrrot ecr/Aez^.
III. 1. But the Persian bows are long. 2. The
royal standard was a golden eagle. 3. The soldiers
are well-disposed toward 11 their general.
IV. 1. He sends Lycius the Syracusan upon 12 the
hill. 2. And he brings back word 13 that (ort) the
enemy are fleeing.
NOTES.
1 132, i.
2 28, N. 1, at the end. For the following dative, see 184, 4.
3 English order : ot <j>L\oi TOV d5eX0oO.
4 $ 139, 1.
8 Cf. note 5, Lesson IV.
6 Kal ayaOoi, 11, 1, with (a), and 24, 2. The coronis (') is used to
mark the enisis.
7 Aoi'ist third singular (first singular 5ajjca) of 5t'5w/u, a verb in -p.t, 93.
8 142, 4, N. 4.
9 That is, feei, contracted third singular Present Indicative Active of ^w.
10 f 13, 2, second paragraph. 12 eirL with the accusative.
11 Cf. above, I. 4. 13 To briny back word, a.ira.yyt\\w.
28 FIRST LESSONS IN GBEEK.
LESSON XT.
Verbs : Aorist, Perfect, and Pluperfect Indicative Middle.
GRAMMAR: 96, I., 1 Aorist, 2 Perfect, and Pluperfect In-
dicative Middle of \vay. 112, Middle and Passive endings.
113. 114, 1 and 2, II., third column, with N. 1. 95,
1, the synopsis in the Middle voice of the Indicative of
Vocabulary.
u, fjpa, rjpx a ? t ^ e ^ ie ^ ea( ^> t begin,
to ride.
t -ov, 6, (KdfiTi) a villager.
"^ ^ (/xdxoMat, to fght) a battle.
Travcra), Irravcra, TTC- to stop > fo end: mid. to stop
TTOLVKOL, Trenavfjuu, ones self, to desist.
Tretcra), eTreicra, TTC- to persuade : mid. to obey
, 7Te7ret(T/xat, 4 (i. e. to persuade one's self).
), -dcra), -acra, -a/xai, 5
, a trial) to try ', to attempt*
ti), -evcra), -evcra,
a camp, fr. ffrparos, and
vtdov, ground) to CHCamp, to bl
-tt9, 17, (^"-6, and the root 6ir-,
look, i. e. to eye stealthily) Suspicion, a
Exercises.
I. 1. eOvcraro, TreTravcrai, yy^ai, Te6vvTo.i y /3e-
TTO-
FIRST LESSONS IN GEEEK. 29
pevcraj. 2. 6 oT/aar^yos eVaucre ras
3. ro5 TToXe'/xou 7 eTraucraro. 4. 6 Se Kupos
Xeimu OTTO)? (how) fiao-iXevcreL avrl TOV
5. 01 Se M 1X1770 v TToXtrat ^Sews Tretcroi'Tat. 6. /cat
II. 1. Sto-^tXtoi k\aip,ftavov ra 6VXa /cai e
SeuVa^ro ?rapa KXeayo^- 2. /cat fcare/3at^e avro
a/tafr;? /cat e^wpa/ct^ero. 3. ot orrXirat wTrXt-
/cat eV ra> TreStw ecrrparoTreSevo^TO.
III. 1. The bowmen have desisted from battle.
2. The hoplites descended into the plain and armed 8
themselves. 3. And then 9 they, proceeded to the
sources of the river, and attempted to surround the
villages.
IV. 1. Hereupon the village-chief called an assem-
bly 10 of the villagers. 2. The satrap is deliberating
how he shall end the apprehensions of the citizens.
NOTES.
1 Page 67.
2 The characteristic of the Aorist Middle, as of the Active, is o% The Per-
feet and Pluperfect Middle have no characteristic.
3 110, 2.
* For the euphonic change in the Future and Aorist (TrelO-ffw and ZireiO-<ra),
see 16, 2. For those in the Perfect, see 16, 1, N., and 16, 3.
5 106.
6 Commonly used in the middle voice as a deponent.
7 FROM the war, 174.
8 oTrMfw. ' Note that the substantive and verb both come from STT\OV.
9 And then, etra U.
10 Cf. Lesson X, I. 3.
30 FIRST LESSONS IN GEEEK.
LESSON XYI,
Nouns: Third Declension,
GRAMMAR : 45, 1 and 2. 46, with 1, 2, 3, and 4.
47, 1 and 2. 48, 1 and 2, (a), (b), (c), and (d). 49.
50, I., the inflection of the first four nouns. 16, with
2 and 5 (with notes 1 and 2). 25, 3.
Vocabulary-
-O^TOS, 6, (apxw) a ruler, a commander.
wv, -OJTOS, 6, (cf. 7w>,
old age] * an old man.
pag, -a/cog, 6, a breastplate, a cuirass.
V^, -V/COS, 6, (KTjptTTW, to
proclaim} a Uerald.
-iyc>9, rj, a ivhip, a lash.
-ayyo?, rj, a line of battle, a PHALANX.
', -orros, ,
to flee} a FUGITIVE, an exile.
, -a/co?, ,
to guard) a
Exercises.
I. 1. Tore Se KrfpVKas tTrepifje Trep
2. ot /3dp/3apoL iro^evarav VTTO ^cacrriya)^. 2 3. IKZ-
Xevcre TropVo-0ai* o\rjv TTJV c^aXayya. 4. TOP Se
eAceXevcre criy^v KYjpvTTew. 5. e
FIKST LESSONS IN GREEK. 31
<t>6povs Xd\v/3as. 6. olvov e/c rrjs fiaXdvov
KdCTL Trj<S 0,770 TOV (f)OLVLKO<$.
II. 1. el^or Se OwpaKas \wovs, avrl Se
iTTepvywv cnrdpTa TTVKVOL. 2. /cat ou/ce'rt vreVre
o-raSta Stet^er^^ r&> 4 ^aXayye. 3. 6 Se Hez^o^wz/
roz^ apyovTca r^5 ACOJ/XTJS crv^SeiTTi/o^ eTrot^craTo. 5
4. /cat Trcuei ro^ dSeX^ot' /cara (o;/) TO crrepvov /cat
rtrpcoo~/ct Sta rou ^wpa/co?. 5. /cat ot o"Tyoartw-
rat avTLTrapeToi^avTo 6 /caret <^)aXayya.
III. 1. He was wearing his 7 cavalry breastplate.
2. And he ordered the fugitives to take part in the
expedition. 8 3. But the Cilician woman had guards.
4. But (as) 9 commander of the hoplites he has
Xenias.
IV. 1. And first I warred against 10 the Thracians.
2. They kept leaving the old men behind at home.
3. (The trumpeter) 11 sounds with his trumpet, 12 and
at once the soldiers run to close quarters 13 with the
enemy.
NOTES.
1 For the vocative singular of this word, see the general vocabulary.
2 Shot under the /as//, that is, of their leaders, who were urging them on.
This was a part of Persian discipline.
3 Present Infinitive Middle, the ending being -<r0<u.
4 78, N. 2.
5 106.
6 The stem of the simple verb TO.TTW is ra^-. See 108, 4, I.
7 Cf. note 6, Lesson IV.
8 0-rpareue0-0cu. n 134, N. 1, (d).
9 137, N. 4. 12 188, 1.
10 Travis with the accusative. 13 6yu6<re with the dative, 186.
32 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
LESSON XYII.
Nouns : Third Declension (continued] .
GRAMMAR : 50, the remainder of I., and II. Review the
Grammar of the last Lesson, and, in addition, read 47, N.
Vocabulary.
yeX<y<?, -WTO?, 6, (7^^, to laugh} laughter.
^ye/XtoZ/, -OI/O5, O, (rjyeo/mi, to lead;
cf. a7w) a leader, a guide.
t/xa<?, -dVros, 6, a leathern strap.
JJLTJV, /HTJZ'OS, 6, a MONTH.
TTov?, 1 770805, 6, a FOOT.
crrpareu/xa, -arcs, TO, (o-rpar6s, <*
^ army, a host.
s, -aSo?, 6, (^eityw) FUGITIVE, ^ exile.
-ire?, 17, (xa/pw, to rejoice) (/ratititde.
Exercises.
I. 1. rrj Se uo-repaia 2 arev ^
2. MeVcoi/ Se crvviXe^e TO crrpdrev^cL ^wpt? rwi/ aX-
Xwi/. 3 3. ot Se dXXot crrpaTiwrai evvKTtptvcrav acrt-
rot 4 ACCU a^eu Trupd?. 5 4. etra Se Trap^Xav^e^ e<^> >G
/cat 17 KiXto~o~a e(jf>' apfJLafJid^rj<;. 5. 6 Se 7
<rvv\etv airo ruv ^p-^/xarco^. 8 6. etcre-
SUOI/TO ets TGI;? TrdSa? o[ txa
II. 1. o[ Se ^EXX^i/e? cru^ yeXwri eVl ras
ri\0ov? 2. IvTOivOa. fyvyas ^OLJJLLO^ e\eev. 3. /care-
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 33
(found} 'Apptviovs TrcuSa? 10 crvv rat? 11
oToXais. 4. rw craTpaTrrj 12 ov TOV
eVe/ca fjiovov VTrrjpeTTjcrofJiei' clXXa /cat
III. 1. And Clearchus, the Lacedaemonian exile,^
was come. 2. But the prizes were golden flesh-
scrapers. 3. But Cyrus 14 gave the general pay for
six months. 15 4. But the men descended 16 upon 17
a ladder.
IV. 1. The army has 18 fair hopes of safety.
2. He will inake war with the aid of 19 the fugitives
of the Milesians.
NOTES.
1 TTOUS (for TroSs) in the nominative irregularly lengthens the short vowel of
the stem.
$ 189.
$ 142, 2, N. 3, and 139, 1.
138, Rem.
A heterodite. See 60, 1, and in the general vocabulary, irvp.
Cf. note 4, Lesson XIII.
143, N. 2.
8 By means of the money. See the general vocabulary, xPVf* "
9 Came, Second Aorist ( 90, N.) Indicative third plural of the deponent verb
tpxo/j.a.1.
10 25, 3, N.
11 The (well known). The article is often used in Greek to mark a particular
object as well known,
<12 184, 2.
13 $ 141, N. 1, (b).
14 6 Se KOpos. Cf. note 4, Lesson VI.
15 167, 5. t
16 A customary action, Imperfect tense.
17 ^TTI with the genitive.
18 184, 4.
19 With the aid of, <Hiv.
34 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
LESSON XVIII.
Verbs : Indicative Passive. Historical Present
GRAMMAR : 96, I., 1 Indicative Passive. 2 95, 2, third
paragraph. 112. 113. 3 114, 1 and 2, II. 95, 1,
ihe synopsis in the Passive voice of the Indicative of \va>.
88, 2. 92. Bead 92, N. 196. 197, 1 and 2,
first paragraph. 200, N. 1.
Examples.
196 : 'ApTaTTciTrjs eTt//flTO I/TTO Kvpov, Aria-
pales HAD BEEN HONORED &y Cl/TUS. (Ac-
tive : 'ApTaTraTriv eren/ji^Kei Kvpos.)
197, 2 : ?raWa 4 Tot? aTpcnriyols Trefoil)? at, every-
thing lias leen done BY THE GENERALS.
200, N. 1 : Kvpov ^eraTre^TreTot, lie SENT FOR Cyrus.
Vocabulary.
/3ouXo/xat, -Tycrojaai, -rjp,ai, -TJOrjv* to wish.
Xeyw, -fw, -fa, -y/xat, -yQr)v? to say.
fJLL(T@6a), -GJ(TOJ, etc. r^., (Au<r06s) /'o 7/W.
ft), -6VCTW, etc. reg., (ircus, a child) to educate.
, -i//&), -i//a, -<a, 7 -/xjnat, 8 -(frOrjv, to send.
Tronjcroj, etc. r^r. fo /#, /o make.
TifJida), TLfJLTJO'OJt etc. ra/., (rt/iij ; cf. r/w, to pay) to ll-OHOT.
tOJ, (f>L\TJcra), etc. reg.? (0t\os) /(? /O^^.
Exercises.
I. 1. ereri/x^/xe^a, lKVK\a)0r)orav, eXeyero, e/xt-
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 35
2. 19 KaoTwXou 7reSioj> a0poipvTai. w 3. (1X09 rot?
(TTpaTitoTaLs XeXeu/fercu. 4. IvravOa ST) Kvpov cbro-
TfJLVTai T) K<f)a\r) /cat ^etp 17 Sefia. 5. 01 yayo crrpa-
riamu owe /3ov\TJ07jcrav TropevecrOai.
II. 1. dXXo 11 Se orTpcLTevfjia crweXeyero 12 eV Xep-
povrjo-(i). 2. CTraiSeuero crw rots aXXot? Tratcrt.
3. a>s (/^o^) Kupo5 ereXeur^cre eV TW e/xTrpocr^e^ 13
Xoya> SeS^Xwrat. 4. eVel Se ereXeur^cre Aapeto?, 6
craTyoctTn?? StaySaXXeL TOI^ Kupo^ Trpo? roz/ dSeX^dr.
III. 1. He was sent. 2. The bridges will have
been destroyed. 3. The boys will be honored by
the satrap. 4. He wishes an army to be collected. 14
5. They learned 15 both to rule and to be ruled.
IV. 1. Miletus was besieged both by land and
sea. 2. The army was encircled on both sides.
3. He has been made satrap 16 of Lydia by Darius.
NOTES.
1 Page 69.
2 The characteristic in the passive voice of the Future is OTJS, of the Aorist,
9rj, and of the Future Perfect, or. The last also reduplicates ( 101, 1).
3 The Aorist Indicative Passive uses the secondary endings of the Active.
* Neuter plural nominative of the adjective Trcis, literally all (things).
6 The stem of (3ot\o/j.ai is POU\-, but except in the Present aud Imperfect it
is lengthened by the addition of and becomes pov\-.
6 16, 1.
7 The 6 of the stem is irregularly changed to o in the Perfect Active.
8 For 7r<?7re,u7r-/x<H, see 16, 3, and 113, N. 3.
9 17, 2. n See the general vocabulary, #XXo?.
10 Historical Present. 12 Look for <rv\\tyu, 16, 5, second paragraph.
13 141, N. 3.
14 The Present Infinitive Passive, as the Middle, uses the ending -<r0ai.
16 200, N. 1. 16 136.
36 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
LESSON XIX.
Nouns: Contracts of the Third Declension. The Declension
of OTO?.
GRAMMAR: 51, 1 and 2. 52, 1 and 2, with notes 1,
2, and 3. Read 52, 1, N. 1 33, 2, notes 1, 2, and 3.
58, with 1, 2, and 3. 83, the declension of the Demon-
strative Pronoun OUTO?. 142, 4.
Example.
142, 4 : oro? o dvyp, or o dvyp o5ro? (never o o5ro?
dvrjp), THIS man.
Vocabulary.
-09, TO', M/>us, wide, broad} width, breadth.
KpOLVOS, -09, TO, (KApa, the head} a
-co?, TO, might, power.
-eo9, TO, length.
0^09, -eo9, TO, a mountain.
Tel^o9, -09, TO, a wall for defence.
TeXo9, -09, TO, (TA\W, to accomplish} accomplishment, end : pi.
by meton. magistrates.
vi//o9, -eo9, TO, (%, o^ %>^, /o/7) height.
Exercises.
2. Kal IvTavOa 8^ e'StojAco^ AcaTa /cpctT09 3
ot </ EXX^^9. 3. T7/9 r)[Jipas TOVTO TO TeXo9 77^.
4. 'OpoWa9 Se yeVet 4 irpoo-fJKe* ru '
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 37
5. TOVTOV Se TOV TTOTGLfJLOV TO Vp6<$ IfTTlV CtfCOCTl KOL
TreVre TroSw^. 6 6. eV#a ST) iifyevyov lirl TGL opr).
II. 1. Km 6 ^toKpaTrjs crvfJL/BovXevei TOJ Hei'o-
<f)a)VTi. 2. eirovTaL rjyejJLovi ro> 'Hpa/cXei. 7 3. 17 1>
Se TOUTO TO rel^os eupo? 8 et/cocri TroSaj^, vi/io? 8e
e/caro^ /XTJ/CO? 8* e'Xeyero eti^ai ei/cocn,
4. eVei 8e ^craz/ eVt rats Ovpais ra??
oi fjiev 9 crTpaTTjyol 7rapK\TJ07](Tav elcra) ol Se
yol CTTL ratg Ovpais p,vov.
III. 1. He tells this oracle to Socrates. 2. The
breadth of this river is two plethra. 3. Thence they
sent the scout upon the mountains. 4. He announces
that they are fleeing at full speed. 10
IV. 1. But the enemy were kindling fires upon 11
the mountains. 2. This man was condemned to
death by the magistrates at Sparta. 12 3. But they
had brazen helmets and purple tunics.
NOTES.
1 In inflecting nouns and adjectives, especially in the third declension, great
attention should be ,given to the formation of the various cases from the stem,
particularly of the nominative, accusative, and vocative singular, and the dative
plural. Consult the references to the Grammar given in Lessons XVI.
188, 1.
KO.TCL Kpdros, according to might, with all their might. 6 169, 3.
188, 1, N. 1. 7 184, 2.
$ 26, N. 1. 8 $ 160, 1.
When two parts of a sentence are contrasted, they are very commonly cor-
related by fWv (postpositive) and &, in the sense of indued... but, on the one hand
...on the other ; though, in many cases, jxt'v can hardly be rendered in English.
10 At fall speed, ava K/XXTOS.
11 eTrt with the genitive.
12 At Sparta, iv T% ^wdprr]. See, further, 142, 1.
38 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
LESSON XX.
Verbs: Augment and Characteristic.
GRAMMAR: 99, 1 and 2. 100. 101, 1, 2, and 3.
102, 1 and 2. 103. 104. 105, 1. 106.
110, with 1, 2, 3, and 4, with N. Bead 90, N.
Yocabulary.
eao>, Idcra), eiacra, eta/ca, eta/xat, to permit, to allow, to
let alone, to let go.
-170-0), -Tjcra, -rjKa, to wish, to desire,
vva), eXa>, 3 ^Xacra, eX^Xa/ca, ' /0 drive, to ride, to
e'X^Xa/^cu, rjXdOrjv, march.
Orjpeva), -tvcra), -evcra, -eu/ca, 3
-VJJLOLL, ~V0r]V, (0-np, a wild beast) to Uwilt wild beasts.
-ucro), -ucra, -u/ca, -v/xat,
to sacrifice to a god.
to do, to practise.
piTTTO), ptyd), -\JJOL, -<f>OL, -fJLfJLaLf
-(f)0rjv, G to throw, to hurl.
TapOLTTO), 7 -fa), reg. like irpaTru, to disturl, to tr
Exercises.
I. 1. Trpa-^dTjcreTaL. 2. et^e Se TO
3. TTJV 7TLcrTo\r)v yeypd<f)L. 4. etTa Se e^yjyo^ rov
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 39
'OpOVTCLV. 5. KOLl Oi p,V 8 rjV^OVTO, Oi toKTClpOV.
6. ol (TTpaTTjyol crvv Eei'cx^aWi r)KO\ov0rjcrav.
II. 1. d^dpiCTTOv etacre r^v TrpoOv^Lav. 2. oXiyoi
djji(j)l Kvpov KaT\i(f)0r)crai>. 3. KCU S^Xwcrei oOev
Trepl TLO-cratfrepvovs ex/covet. 4. eirl TOV aSeX^oi/
ecrrparevero. 5. Kvpo? Se OUTTW ^/ce^, dXX* ert
TTpocnjXavvev.
\
III. 1. But he was marching against 9 Menon's
soldiers. 2. But a mountain surrounded 10 the plain.
3. For Cyrus honored his guest. 4. He has hunted
wild beasts on horseback. 11 *5. We had broken our
oaths.
IV. 1. They have sought the commanders. 2. He
has been loved by the barbarians. 3. But the gen-
eral was greatly troubled.
NOTES.
1 The present stem is e0\-. Elsewhere, c being added, the stem is IGeXc-.
2 The simple stem ( 107) of eXawco is \a-, which does not lengthen the
final vowel in any of the tenses. The present stem of many verbs in Greek is
formed by adding w to the simple stem, and so from the stem \a-, through
e\a-vv-u, we get ^XaiW. The Future Aw is common Attic for e\d<ru. Cf.
120, 2, second paragraph.
3 See note 9, Lesson XVIII.
17, 2, N.
Stem irpcry-. Cf. 108, 4, I.
Stem pi<f>-. Simple labial (ir, p, <J>) stems generally add T to form the
pr sent stem and so end in -TTTW ( 16, 1). See also 15, 2.
Stem rapax-.
143, 1.
M.
10 Imperfect.
11 dTTO UTTTOU.
40
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
LESSON XXI.
Nouns: Contracts of the Third Declension (continued).
GRAMMAR : 53, with 1 (and notes 1 and 2), 2, and 3 (with
N. 1). i 54. ., 55. -. 56, 1 and 2. Eead 56, 1, N.
Yocatoulary.
aW/3acri?, -ecu?, rj, (av6., up,
and paivu, to go}
-ecu?, fj,
able)
-ecu?, 17,
to inspect)
tTTTrev?, -ceo?, 6,
/cara/3acrt?, -
rfo^, and /SaiVw)
, -co?, TO,
-ecu?, rj
ft?, -ecu?,
range)
an ascent, a march inland. ,
, to ability, power, military force,
an inspection, a review.
horseman : pi. cavalry.
<7 descent, a return to the coast.
ull) fulness, a great number, an
amount.
a pretext.
- arrangement, good order,
discipline.
Exercises.
/cat
I. 1. TO Se o-TpdrevfJia KOTTT TOL>?
. 2. rd 9-qpia ot tTTTret? ez^tore <!SWoi'. 3. eT-
8e ACCU Sdpv cu? (about) Tre^reAcatSe/ca
4. /cat evravOa Kupo? efeYacrw TCUI^
5. S^Xoi^ ^. on (that) eyyu? TTOU
. 6. KCU TraprjcrcLv' 2 at e/c IIeXo7ro^^o-ov
eTrot-
FIRST LESSONS IN GEEEK. 41
II. 1. Traprjv Se /cat 6 crrpar^yos CTTI TWV
2. ra Sefta rou /ceyoaro? ^X 61 ' 3- 7?craz> ai '
/cat TrdXet? TLcrcra(f)pvovs 3 TO a,yox a ^^* 4 4.
7r\.rj0os TTJS d^aySacreo)? /cat /cara/3acrea>s
/cat r/3t5 (three) fjL-f)ves. b. /cat ySacrtXev? 817 evret
7]Kovcre Ct TLcro-a(f)epvovs TOP Kvpov
III. 1. But he was collecting his Grecian force.
2. For Cyrus kept remitting the tributes to the king
from 7 the cities. 3. He proceeds to 8 the king.
4. For they cast aside their purple robes. 5. But
Men on holds the left wing.
IV. 1. He had ships, with which 9 he was besieg-
ing Miletus. 2. Cyrus 10 had another pretext. 3. But
the Cilician woman admired the discipline of the
army.
NOTES.
1 (3a<ri\us, when used to designate the king of Persia, commonly omits the
article. 6 171, 2, N. 1.
2 26, N. 1. 7 IK.
3 169, 1. 8 &s, 191, 3.
* Formerly, 160, 2. 9 188, 1.
c Sc. ty. 10 Use the dative of the possessor.
LESSON XXII.
Verbs: Subjunctive Active.
GRAMMAR : 96, 1, the Subjunctive Active of \vco. Read
95, 2, N. 1 115, the terminations of the Active voice.
42 TIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
129, I., the Future Indicative and Present Subjunctive of
dpi. 253. 219, 1, 2 (first paragraph), and 3 (first
paragraph. 223.
Examples.
253 : fjLT) TOVTO Trotrjcr ropev, LET US not DO this.
223: r/ 2 rot? (TTpaTrjyois carat, eav tc parlor tocrw ;
what will the generals have, IF THEY CONQUER ?
Yocabulary.
Sia-Tpi/Ja>, -i//w, -\//a, -^>a, -/X/ACU, ^o n^ through, to wear
-<f)0r)V, (5td, through, and T/3i/3o>) away, to WOSte.
OappaXeos, -a, -OP, (gd^o;, courage) courageous.
KOTrrco, 3 -T//CU, -i//a, -^a, 4 -/>t/iat, strike, to cut, to
slaughter.
-0)5, O or 77, (jj.a.ivo/j.a.i, to
rave) a seer, soothsayer.
Xyo'Los, -a or -o?, -OP,
and irX^o-tos, *r, c/o*^ ^o) SlMllar, like.
15, -ew?, 17, (Trpdrrw) # transaction, an under-
taking.
, 6 adverb, to-day .
Exercises.
I. 1. cap Se dpacrTpei//a)crtP ot TroXe/xtot,
/ecu 8ta/3aipw/xp TOP Trora/AOP. 2. KCU cap 17 Trpa-
ft5 77 TrapaTrX^crta, ei//d/Ae^a. 3. cap TT^OS raura 7
, /3ov\vor6]j.e0a. 4. cap yap SiaTyxi//a>/iep T
EIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 43
, ol TToXe/uoc, 9appa\4oi e
5. /ccu> 9 airy, 10 e/cet irpbs ravra ftovXevcro^Ba. 6. rjv
O V /} \ f V I
oe ayat/oi Tjre, eyovTai.
II. 1. dXXa Trpos rajf 0ea)v, JJLTJ d^a/xe^cujitet'.
2. ^ ouro) irpocrdycDfjLev, irepiTTtvorovcrw rjjjicav 11 ot
TToXefJLLOL. 3. ovoeyapavy^vpai a>o"i, crw^cro/xe^a.
III. 1. And let us not now delay. 2. Cyrus will
pursue the enemy, if they flee to the mountains.
3, Let us slaughter the cattle. 4. The soldiers will
follow, if their general end their suspicions.
IV. 1. But let us burn 12 the king's 13 country.
2. But if he do this, the seer shall have ten talents.
NOTES.
1 Note that in the dependent moods the Present and Aorist (the tenses com-
monly occurring) do not differ as to time (except in the Optative and Infinitive
in Indirect Discourse), and read carefully 202, 1.
2 The neuter singular nominative of the interrogative pronoun rt'j, what.
See 23, 1, N.
3 See note 6, Lesson XX.
* Only in composition.
5 The stem is either <rw8- or trot-, the Aorist Passive heing formed from the
latter.
8 For its derivation consult the general vocabulary.
7 In respect to this, literally these (things). The Greek constantly viewed
objects with reference to their parts, and so used the plural when we should use
the singular.
8 141, N. 3.
9 Kal &v, 11, 1 and 2.
10 There is no irregularity in accent, the form representing a.ir-t((T)-ri before
contraction. See 127, 2. The stem of ei/M, it will be remembered, is 6<r-.
11 Us, genitive plural of the first personal pronoun eyw. For the case, see
175, 2.
12 Kdw/ff, common Attic for Ka.lwfj.ev, the i being dropped between the two
vowels. " See note 1, Lesson XXI.
44. FIRST LESSONS IN GEEEK.
LESSON XXIII.
Verbs: Subjunctive Middle and Passive.
GRAMMAR : 96, L, Subjunctive Middle 1 and Passive 2 of
Xvco. 115, the terminations of the Middle and Passive,
with N. 3 98, 2. 4 95, 1, the synopsis in all the voices of
the Subjunctive of \va>. 215, with A. and C. 216, 1.
218, first paragraph. 90, 2.
Examples.
216, 1 : (j)t\ov<; Troirjfferai, a>? Gvvepyovs e^7) t lie will
make himself friends, THAT HE MAY HAVE
co-workers.
218: SeSoitca* IJLTJ ySacrtXeu? KaraKo-^nj TO 'E\\i)vi-
KOV? I fear LEST the king MAY CUT the Greek
force TO PIECES.
Vocabulary.
aTTO-o-Trao), -crw, -era, -a/ca, 7 -acr/iai, to draiv off, to sep-
m OL(T0'r]V, (o.ir6 and ffirdw, to draw) ttTttte.
, adverb, (d<r0aX^s, safe) safely, in safety.
-17, -6v, (jSao-tXeus) kingly, royal.
-7^9, 17, peace.
, -05, -0V, (Ivl, for, and Troves,
; cf. jrtvofuu, to foil) toilsome, laborious,
-tj, -6v, (i, to reach) siifficient, enough.
, -OU, 6, (X^7^, to collect) a Company of soldiers.
OIJC6G>, 8 -TJCrO), etc. reg., (okos, /^owz^) /o inhabit.
FIRST LESSONS IN GEEEK. 45
Exercises.
I. 1. CLV Se 17 TTpCtflS ^CLIV^TOLI eTUTTOPOS, OU^ 9
2. 7ropeva>iJi0a, Iva a7rocr7racr#wjiie*> row
crr/oarev/xaro?. 10 3. rt (what) ecrrat rot?
, ea^ /^acriXei 11 raura 12 -^apLcroivTai ; ls
4. eya> yap oKfO) U ^ ra? TpurjptLS /cara
5. ^ Se TT)^ eipTjvrjv Troi/^craj/xe^a, dcrc^aXaj?
iev. 6. SeSot/ca ^ Kjj&qv TreTrot^K:^. 15
II. 1. dXXa 7ropva)[Ji0a tvOev cLTr\9elv 17 ecrrat
fiovXatfJieOa. 2. eai^ Se ravra SiaTrpafw/xat,
17^0). 3. ou Se'Sot^a /x^ ou/c 18 e^o) Saipa
4. e'ai> re' ri? 19 TTtc^rat, 6
III. 1. But if they obey, he will proceed.
2. They will cross 21 the sources of the river Ti-
gris, 22 if they wish. 3. The army will slaughter
the cattle, that it may procure food for itself.
4. I fear that the bridges will be destroyed.
IV. -1. 'If the king encamp in the plain, the
hoplites will arm themselves. 2. He is collecting
an army that he may proceed against his brother.
NOTES.
1 Page 67.
2 Pnge 09.
3 110, 3, second sentence.
4 The Perfect Passive Participle of Atfw is formed by adding -jx^vos to the
reduplicated stem, thus : AeAu-yu.ei'os. It is declined like o-o^os ( 62^. Cf.
further, 26, N. 3, (1).
46 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
Perfect of dclSv. Cf. 200, N. 6. n $ 184, 2.
Sc. o-rpdreu/ia. 12 160, 1.
Cf. 101, 3, and 113, N. 1. 13 Cf. 108, 4, L, second paragraph.
102, 2. "I. e. (k?w, 9, 2.
13, 2. 16 202, 2, first example.
10 174. 16 (To the place] from which.
17 To depart, Second Aorist Active Infinitive of air-epxo^cu..
18 215, N. 1.
19 Any one, the nominative singular masculine of the Indefinite Pronoun
( 84) which is enclitic. The preceding r is also enclitic. Cf. 28, N. 2.
20 141, N. 3.
21 The future of 5ia/3cuW is Sta/3?j(ro/<icu, the simple stem of fiaHvw heing Pa-.
22 See note 9, Lesson IX.
LESS8N XXIT.
Adjectives: Third Declension, and First and Third Declensions
Combined.
GRAMMAR: 66. 67, 1 and 2. 53, 2, N. 2. 16,
5, N. 2.
Yocabulary.
d<az>77S, -179, -S, (a priv. and 0abw (stem <j>av-), unseen, Ollt of
to show') sight.
, -eta, -v,
, -eta, -v,
evSaifjiuv, euSat/ict)^, euScu/^o*', 1 (c5, ^, fortunate,
and Sat^wi/, destiny, fortune) prOSpeWUS.
KCLTa(f>ainj'$, -7^9, -65 (/card, intens., and ^a/i/w) clcdfly 86671, i
plain sight.
77X17/5775, -775, -5, (TrX^ws, /#) ///.
-77?, -5, PRONE, steep.
-775, -C9, (\M5a>, ^o deceive) false.
?wfe, broad.
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 4f
Exercises.
I. 1. dXXa Taura 2 ijjevSrj fy. 2. at Xoy^at /cat
at rafets /cara^a^et? -qcrav. 3. efeXawet et9 Ko-
Xocrcras, 7roXa> evSat/xo^a. 4. Trept Se TO ^copiov r^v
/3a#eta. 5. ^z> Se 6 Trora/xo? 77X17-
* ov? ot Svpot ^eou? eVd/it^or. 4
6. rot? o-Tpar^yots ro )ite^ 5 IvOv^^a yaplev eSofeu
-y 6 VOi-v '5 1 '
et^at, TO o tpyov aovvarov.
II. 1. eVreu^e^ ot vroXe/xtot tTTTrets favyovcri Kara
TOV TTpaVOVS. 7 2. Ot rjlJiTpOl <^)tXot TTj? 0/^779
ey/cparet? O~orrat. 3. KOyoos yctp
OLVOV ^/xtSeet? TroXXa/cts. 4. eSofe ra> KXe-
\rj07J Xeyeti>.
III. 1. They were out of sight. 2. (There) was
a broad ditch about the place. 3. And the enemy
were not yet in sight. 4. They have the (well-
known) 9 costly tunics.
IV. 1. They kept running 10 down a very steep
hill. 2. Thence he marches away to Celaenae, a
prosperous city. 3. There Cyrus 11 had a park full
of wild animals, which he hunted 12 on horseback. 13
NOTES.
1 Note the accent. This is the form of the vocative singular also, masculine,
feminine, and neuter. * 106.
2 135, 2. See note 9, Lesson XIX.
3 70, N. 6 To be.
7 Down the steep, the neuter of irpav^ used substantively.
M 180, 1, and$ 171,3. "Dative.
9 See note 11, Lesson XVII. 12 A customary action.
10 Imperfect. d0' fcnrov ($ 17, 1).
48 PIEST LESSONS IN GREEK.
LESSON XXY.
Verbs : Optative Active.
GRAMMAR: 96, I., 1 the Optative Active of \vco. Read
95, 2, N. 116 (except the Middle and Passive termina-
tions), with N. 1. 129, I., the Present Optative of el^L
215, with A. and C. 216, 1. 218, first paragraph.
219, 1, 2 (first half of the second paragraph), and 3 (first
paragraph). 224.
Examples.
216, 1 : Kvpov rj-r)(Tav~ TrXota, &>?
asked Cyrus for boats, THAT THEY MIGHT
SAIL OFF.
*
218 : fia\a evevorjOrjaav* /LIT) TCL eTTLr^Beta OVK
tlicy were very anxious LEST THEY MIGHT not
HAVE provisions.
224 : el Tio-GCHpepvei KCLKOV /3oiAeuot?, KCLKOVOVS av
et?;?, IF YOU SHOULD PLOT harm to Tissa-
phernes, YOU WOULD BE evil-minded.
Vocabulary.
CtTTOpOS, -09, -0V, (a priv. and iropos, a re-
source] difficult, impassable.
O.V OLOLCTTO}^, adv., (d%dpto-ros, unrewarded ;
a. priv. and xMfr/", to gratify i cf. x*P") IVltllOUt gratitude.
/Bap/Bapos, -09, -ov, BARBAROUS, rude :
as subst. a BARBA-
RIAN.
/C/3acrt9, -6)9, 17, (^and/3c^w) tfft Otf //<?/,
FIRST -LESSONS IN GEEEK. 49
o7rLO"0o(j>v\a, -a/cos, 6, (oW^, one of the rear-guard :
behind, and 0</Aa) pi. the rear-yuard.
TrtcrTo'?, -77, -6v, (irdew) trustworthy, faithful.
7rv\r), -775, 77, one fold of a double y ate:
pi. a gate, a pass.
d?, -a, -oV, (0aiVa;, stem <|>av-) conspicuous, plain.
Exercises.
I. 1. Kupos ras z^av? /^ere7re/>ti//ctTo, OTTO)? o
KOi ^OJ T(t)V TTuAo^. 5 2. Ot
(3ap/3apoi a>Kvrjcrav JUT) ot "FAX^^e? p,evoLv iv rrj
VTjora). 3. TroXXov 6 aftot cU* eirjjjiev <^)tXot, et e^ot/xe^
ra 6VXa. 4. t dirocrajcrat/At v/ia? 7 et? rr)^ 'EXXciSa,
ou/c az^ aaL
II. 1. et ySacrtXeu? rot? "EXX^crt ^SouXotro
etz/at, Trtcrrot ai^ ^Irjcrav. 2. etcrt Se Trora/xor, ou?
ovS' 9 az^ 8ta^8atVotre, et /XT) i5ju,as S
3. He^o(^c3^ Se rous oTrtcr^o^uXa/ca? T^ye 77^09
<f)avepav eKfBaLcriv, OTTOJ? raur^ 10 ot 7roXe//,toi
TOV vovv.
III. 1. If the hoplites should destroy the bridge,
the enemy would flee. 2. He built a wall 11 that the
way might be impassable. 3. He feared that the
enemy might cut the army to pieces.
IV. 1. But he said this, that the Greeks might be
of good hope. 13 2. If the general should make an
assembly of the soldiers, it would be well.
50 PIEST LESSONS IN GEEEK.
NOTES.
1 Page 66. In reading 95, 2, N., cf. note I, Lesson XXII.
2 164.
3 Aorist passive of the deponent ( 88, 2), ewot'o/xcu.
* From d,7ro/3i/3dw.
^ 182, 2.
6 TToXAoC ctiot, z0or^ ?w#/j, valuable, TroXXoC being the genitive singular
neuter of the Irregular Adjective TTO\VS. For the case, see 178, N.
7 You, accusative plural of the second Personal Pronoun <rv, tJwu.
8 %w and an adverb are often joined in the sense of the verb to be and an
adjective ; as /caXws '%et, it is well, literally, it has (itseff} well.
9 24, 3.
10 Agrees with its antecedent Ziffiaaiv in gender and number. For the case,
see 187. u d7TTix^. 12 66, N. 3.
LESSON XXYI,
Verbs: Optative Middle and Passive.
GRAMMAR: 96, L, the Optative Middle 1 and Passive 2
of \vo). 116, Middle and Passive terminations, with N. 2
through (a). 98, 2. 95, 1, the synopsis in all the voices
of the Optative of \va).
Vocabulary.
a7ro-K\eia>, -i(ra), -etcra, -et/icu or -etcr/xat, 3 to shut off, to
-eio-Qrjv, (a and /cXefw, to shut] intercept.
KoXa<y, 4 -acra), -acra, -acr/^at, -acrftp, to check, to
(/coXos, docked, stunted) pimisll.
KCjXvw, -vcra), -vcra, -v/xat, -vOriv, (KO\OS) to hinder, to
prevent.
OUCCtSe, 5 adverb, (okos, a house)
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 51
, -09, -0V, (*7><$, forward, and 0u/*6s, earnest,
sonl] OUS.
TtOplinrOV, -OV y TO, (r^-Tapes, four, and iWos) a /OUT-
chariot.
<f)o/3Ofjiai, G -TJcrofjLai, -rjfJLaL, -TtjOrjv, (<^/3os, to fear, to
fear} dread.
-yycro/xat, -ry/xat, -7;cra^i/ and
, to use.
Exercises.
I. 1. 6 Se crryoar^yog e<f)O/BijOri px) KVK\a)Oeirj
Oev. 2. 01 Se 7 Ka.0i\Kov ra? TpnjptLS,
a>9 ez^ rai? Tpujpecn craj^otrro. 3. /cat ei OeXot,
ITT AlyviTTOv o-Tpareveiv, crvyK:aTacrT/)ei//at)ute^ > ai/.
4. eSeicrcu' /XT) diroK\eLcrOeirjcrav. 5. o
y' az^ Mv<rot5 ^SacrtXei;?, /cat ei criz/
Xot^ro TropevecrOaL.
II. 1. eSetcraz/ /ir) aTror/x^^eiT/crai'. 8 2.
Pi/J^Oi/ Q<^ VJN
ou5 oe, et TT^ ouz^a/xei rr^ i/uz^ cruz/ e/xot
/coXacratcr^e az^. 3. et yap ourw? iiroip.eOa, <j)i\oi raJ
Kupa> feat TrpoOvfJLOL OLV tTTOifjieOa. 4. et crw^et^/xe^,
X<*-p(<V'Tio'O'a<f)pi>ei av e^ot/xez^ St/catw?.
III. 1. Xenophon feared that he might be hemmed
in on all sides. 2. But, if the king should not hin-
der (us), we should proceed homeward. 3. If the
soldiers should show themselves zealous, the ad-
vantage would be common.
52 FIRST LESSONS IN GEEEK.
IV. 1. He wished to be a friend to Tissaphernes,
that he might be honored by the king. 2. How
should we proceed with safety, if it should be neces-
sary (Scot) to proceed? 3. The general inarched on
rapidly, that he might not be separated from the rest
of the army.
NOTES.
Page 68. 3 113, N. 1.
Page 69. * 108, 4.
61.
The active occurs in the sense of to frighten. See the general vocabulary.
On
the reduplication of the Perfect, see 17, 2.
143, 1, N. 2.
From dTTo-re^i/w, stem Tfx- ( 108, 5, second paragraph), the Aorist Pas-
sive being OLTT-^T^B^V (by metathesis, 14, 1).
9 188, 1, N. 2.
10 Me, dative singular of ^yc6, /.
LESSON XXVII.
Nouns: Syncopated of the Third Declension. Two Accusa-
tives with one Verb.
GRAMMAR: 57, with 1 (and N. 1) and 2. 164. 166.
Examples.
164: ynyae nrov Kvpov fJLiG0ov, he asked CYRUS for
PAY.
166 : /SacriXe'a SevOrjv tTroirjaav, they made SEUTHES
KING.
FIRST LESSONS IN GEEEK. 53
Vocabulary.
GL7TO-GTTpa), -7JO~0), -7)KOL, 1 (dw6, intens., to To6, fo de-
and a-repeii), to deprive) fraild.
, -ov, marriage.
ew, 3 /caXa), e/caXecra, KeK\rjKa,
, KXjj0rjv, to call.
, -i//a, -<a, -yujum, -(f)07]v, to conceal.
KTrjfJLa t -OTOS, TO, (/crdo/wu, ^o acquire) a pOSSCSSlOU.
i^a)^ VOJJLLOJ, -LOTOL, -LKCL, -icr/xat, toreyardasacus-
t (^6/xos, custom, law; cf. p&tw) /O^, fo believe.
) ~ov, 6, (ftpoupos (Trpo-opdto), <g a commandant of
garrison-soldier, and <Vx w ) ^ naTTlSOn.
Xprjua, -arc?, TO, (xpao/^ai) thing: y\. goods ,
wealth.
Exercises.
I. 1. p,eTa Kvpov av4($aivov Trapa TOV iraTepa.
2. KOLTaXaJidveL evSov TOV? KcojLTTas KOL TOV
Kal TTJV Ovyarepa TOV Ka)fjidp^ov. 3. e
Se eTropevOrjcrav et? TO,? Ilapvo-aTtSo? Acw/Aa? TrJ? Ku-
pov /cat /3acrtXeaJ5 /x^Tpo?. 4. TOV? Se CTTpaTtwTa?
a7rocrTepet ;) TOI/ /uo-#oV. 5. TraTepa Hez/o^)w^Ta e/ca-
XelTe. 6
II.. 1. ^ye Se Kai T^ OvyaTepa Trjv ySacrtXew? eVt
ydjjLO). 7 2. TrapayyeXXet Tot? (f)povpdp^oi<; Xa/x/3a-
d^Spa? IleXoTro^^crtou?. 3. e^ets
4.
VTTO TOU TraTyoos
54 FIKST LESSONS IN GREEK.
III. 1. But his mother sends him 9 back again to
his province. 2. But I have two men. 3. We have
robbed the citizens of their ship. 4. The river was
full of fish, which the Syrians believed (to be) gods.
IV. 1. They concealed their possessions from the
king. 2. They asked the general for boats, that they
might sail away. 3. His father had made 10 him
satrap of both Lydia and Phrygia.
NOTES.
1 101, 3.
2 See 106, N. 2. The Future KaXu is common Attic for /taX&rw, 120, 2.
In the last three principal parts the stem KO\e- is syncopated and becomes K\e-.
3 Stem Kpv(3- or Kpv<{>-. See note 6, Lesson XX.
108, 4. The Future vofuw is common Attic for voni<ru, 120, 3.
The contracted form
The contracted form
eirl yaw, in marriage, as his wife.
166, N. 2, second paragraph.
avrov.
10 See note 7, Lesson XIII.
LESSON XXVIII.
Verbs : Imperative Active, Personal Pronouns.
GRAMMAR: 96, I., 1 the Imperative Active of \vco.
95, 2, second column. 2 117, 1 (omitting the Middle and
Passive endings) , 2 (omitting the Middle and Passive termina-
tions), and 3, first sentence. 129, 1., the Present Imperative
of eJ/u. 252. 254. 79, 1, the declension of e'^to and
av in the singular and plural. 27, with the first part of 1.
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 55
Examples.
252: Xeye, speak tlwu ; ^euye, begone! ap^ercr), let
Idm rule; ^aipov-rcdv^ let them rejoice.
254 : pr) /cXeTTTe, do not steal (the habit is forbidden) ;
pr) K\e^lrr)S) do not steal (in a particular in-
stance) .
Vocabulary.
/3\7T(t), -\fjofjiai, s -\ff a, to see, to look.
Se^o/icu, 4 -fo/zcu, -y/xat, -^djjirjv, to receive, to accept.
r}K(t), 17 fa>, 5 to come, to be come.
Oavp^d^aj, -acro/zat, 3 -acra, -OLKOL, to ivonder, to admire,
-CLCrOrjV, (0avfj,a, a wonder; 6do(Mi, to to be Surprised.
wonder at).
cnrovSir], -^5, 17, (<rirtvjw^to pour) a libation: plur. a
truce.
<TTy3ard7reSo^, -ou, TO, (a-rparos and a camp, an encamp-
Trtdov, ground) ment.
o"vp,-/3ov\evo), -eucrco, etc. (vtv and to plan with, to ad-
/3oi/\e&>) vise.
Tarra), -da), etc. reg. /o arrange, marshal.
Exercises.
I. 1. XeyeVw, Xefarw. 2. a/coucrare ow //,ov 6
^ewi/. 3. y8Xei//o^ TTpo? ra 0^77. 4. Xe^ov Se
ra rwi' dv$pa>v o^o/xara. 5.
eTe. 6. x iroiTo-rS TCLVTOL.
56 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
II. 1. Trcue, Trate, /3d\\, fiaXXe. 2.
c^cra). 7 3. Xcfov Se /cat cru, 8 a> ^evo^atv. 4. ai
CTTTOJ/Sai fACVOlSTGW. 5. CTl) OIW TTpO<$ OttoV CTU/A/3oi;-
Aeucroi'
III. 1. Fellow-soldiers, do not be surprised.
2. Bring the commanders. 3. But since Cyrus is
dead, 10 carry back word to your commander. 4. Be
both brave and of good hope, soldiers.
IV. 1. But send the generals hither. 2. And
now let us not delay, fellow-soldiers, but do you
come into the middle of the encampment. 3. Do
not pursue the enemy, but remain in the camp.
NOTES.
1 Page 66.
2 See note 1, Lesson XXTT.
3 The Future Middle in some verbs has an Active sense, especially in such as
express an action or function of the body.
* 88, 2. 7 See note 8, Lesson XXV.
8 200, N. 3. 8 134, N. 1.
171, 2. 9 1&7.
10 I. e. has died. Use the Perfect of reXeurdw.
LESSON XXIX.
Verbs : Imperative Middle and Passive,
GRAMMAR: 96, L, the Imperative Middle 1 and Passive 2
of Xuft>. 117, 1, 2, and 3 (omitting the second paragraph).
95, 1, the synopsis in all the voices of the Imperative of \va>.
FIRST LESSONS IN GKEEK. 57
Vocabulary.
oVro)?, adv., (5ia-0e>w, to DIF-FER) pre-eminently.
4o^ai y -7/cro/xat, -TJ/ACU, to reflect (i. e. to have in
and 0iy*6s, wwW) mind).
-a, -OV, (ein.^^ adv., Suitable : plur. TO, eViTT;-
/or a purpose] Seta, prOVlSWUS.
j<rKa) t 3 p,vrjcra}, e/x^cra, to remind : mid. to re-
Ifwrfcrffyy, member, to mention.
, 4 -a, -oi>, ^ thousand.
oto/jtat, 6 otT^crojLtat, coijOriv, to think, to suppose.
-tw, 6 -icra, -t/ca, -tcr/xat,
V (fl-6/oos, a ior,y acrow, a matftj) to find, to procure.
, 7 -i//o/xai, -/x/xat, /o /o<9^ intently, to con-
sider.
Exercises.
I. 1. a/xwecr$e, <j)aLVcr0a>, (TKefydcrOaKTav, dwe-
X ov > X^crat. 2. \e\vcrOaj, 8 Tt/i^^rajcrar,
a.Opoitf.o'OtoO'av. 3. crocfrov Trap" cb>Spo<?
&vp,/3ov\TJv. 4. dXXa, et /3ov\L, /ieVe CTTI ra> crrpa-
TVp,aTi, tya) ' @e\o) TTopeveo-dai et Se XPV& 1 '**
iropevov 7rt TO ope?, eyw 8e fJLva> g OLVTOV.
II. 1. p,jjiVT]cr0a} dvr)p dya^o? eTz^at. 2. Xe^are
ouz^ 7T/509 )ite, TI (what) iv VM ex T ' ^- ^^vftTy^iyrc
OTt Ot jJLVpLOL 17777619 JJLVpLOL ticTlV avOptoTTOL. 4. Kdl
crv, a) <^)tXe, Tret
58 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
III. 1. Procure yourselves provisions. 2. Let
this man be honored 11 pre-eminently. 3. Send for
the ships. 4. Let the soldiers always show them-
selves friendly and zealous.
IV. 1. Let us deliberate in regard to this. 2. Let
the hoplites follow. 12 3. Consider what the barba-
rians have done. 4. Proceed, fellow-soldiers, and
remember to be brave men.
NOTES.
1 Page 68. 2 Page 69>
3 The simple stem of /U-^-O-KW is |xva-, from which the present stem is
formed by reduplication ( 108, 8) and the addition of <TK (108, 6). The Per-
fect nfyvrifjiai. is Present in meaning, / remember, memini, 200, N. 6. The
Aorist Passive has the force of the Middle.
* 77, 2, N. 3.
6 The present stem is elsewhere, by adding , lengthened to oU-. The
Present and Imperfect first person singular are commonly ( 14, 2) ol/j,ai and
6 Cf. note 4, Lesson XXVII.
7 Stem o-Kir-. See 108, 3. For tr/c^rro/ica in the Present and Imperfect
common Attic uses <T/COTT^W.
8 202, 2, N. 1.
9 Will remain, the first person singular of the Future of fj^hw, the Future
Active of liquid verbs being formed with the characteristic in place of <r.
Thus iJ.v-t-w, /j.evu>.
10 First Aorist Passive of 7re/0w, 16, 1. u Aorist. 12 Present.
LESSON XXX.
Adjectives : Irregular. Comparison.
GRAMMAR : 70, omitting the last two sentences. 71,
with N. 1. 72, 1 and 2.
FIEST LESSONS IN GREEK. 59
Yocabulary.
, 1 -09, -OV t (a priv. and 6ete) ffodleSS, llllpWUS.
aOvfjios, -09, -ov, (a priv. and 0u/i6s, soul, dispirited, dis-
couraged.
, -d, -OV, (a^xos, disgrace, shame) shameful, bttSC.
OLCr^aXlj^, -7J9, -9, ( a priv. and cr^dXXw, Jlmi (i. e. not liable to
to trip up) be tripped up), SClfe.
Ut87y9, -7^9, -9, (ei5, w^//, and dSos, form) well-formed^ fine
looking.
U07T\09, -09, -OV (e? and STrXov) well-armed.
, -09, -O^, (iraj, all, and ^701', Unprincipled (i. e.
ready for every act),
perfidious.
, -a, -oV, (tf>6/3oj, /mr) fearfd, alarming.
Exercises.
I. 1. Ivrjv 8e rat9 /coj/^ai9 o-tro9 7roXu9. 2. crrpa-
Tiaz> iroXXrjv ayet. 3. a9v^6rpoi fjcrav. 4. ra 8e
Kpta 2 TMV a>Ti / Sa>i> T^Stcrra 77^. 5. alcryiov ZVTIV.
6. vvi/ 8e Tropvcr6iJL0a o$ov pOLKpoTepav. 7. )8a-
crtXet eto-i TTtcrrorarot. 8. /cal Trapa
o
SoOXot Se TroXXol
II. 1.
<j)aiva>p,e0a. 2. 778101; 4 /cat TrpoOv^oTtpov crvveTro-
vovTO. 3. (ftofieptoTaTov 5 8' eyorijiua* /lecrrTy yap
60 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
ttTTOyOtaS eVn. 4. OVKOVV TO)V
iels eV a<T(f)aXeo-Tepov o^/xard
III. 1. But Cyrus kept finding many pretexts.
2. He sends back the Cilician (queen) into Cilicia
by the quickest way. 10 3. They were much 9 more
zealous. 4. Along the river there was a great city.
IV. 1. They will be more courageous. 2. He
has both the best-armed and finest looking of the
soldiers. 3. The good 11 appeared most prosperous. 12
4. He was a most impious and perfidious man.
NOTES.
1 63. 7 28, 3.
2 56, 1. 8 175, 1.
3 Genitive singular of yw^. 9 74, 2.
* 75. 10 160, 2, second example.
6 138, N. 2, (c). u 139, 1.
6 See note.l, Lesson XII. 12 71, N. 4.
LESSON XXXI.
Verbs : Infinitive Active, Middle, and Passive.
GRAMMAR : 96., I., 1 the Infinitive Active, Middle, and
Passive of XuV 2 95, 2, third column. 118. 95, 1,
the synopsis in all the voices of the Infinitive of \va). 129,
L,thePres.Infin.ofeW. 134, 2. 258. 259. Eead
259, N. 260, with 1 and 2, omitting the last sentence. 3
129, IV., the Present and Imperfect Indicative of
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 61
Examples.
134, 2 : e/3ou\ero TCO iralBe d/j.(f)OTe f pa) Trapelvai, he
wished BOTH HIS SONS to be present.
259 : L avdjKr) ecrrt f4a%ffdai, Bel 4 ' TrapacrKevdaa-
aQai, if it is necessary to fight) it behooves
(us] TO PREPARE OURSELVES (subject of a
finite verb).
TOVTO ea-rt, TO tyevBeorOai, this is TO LIE
(predicate) .
^>rfcrl Beiv rovro iroifja'ai,, he says it is neces-
sary TO DO this (subject of another Infinitive) .
260, 1 : /rfouXerat Qrjpevaai, he wishes TO HUNT; but
260, 2 : <f>r)(rl Qripevaai,, he says THAT HE HUNTED (the
original speaker said, e'^/Jpeuaa, I hunted).
Yocalwlary.
, -ctcrw, -CCKCI,
constraint) fa Constrain, to Compel.
-779, 17, constraint, necessity.
ava-7TL0a), -etCTW, etc. (dvd, intens.,
and iretfw) to pCTSUade.
Kara-KOTTTO), -Ol//OJ, etc. (/card and to Cttt down, to Cut to
KOTTTW)
-ou/xat,
to fyht.
6 -evcro/xat, -ev/xat,
p, (oT/>ar6s) to make an expedition.
, -ov, 6, time.
to lie.
62 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
Exercises.
I. 1. fiovXevcrai, T@r)paKevai, TropevcrecrOai, TTC-
7ratSeucr#at, TLfJirjOTJaecrOai, TTOiTjOfjvaL. 2. ra yap
eTTtr^Seta OVK ecmv 8 e^eiv. 3. /cat ra ST) a^avrj 9
efecrrt \jjevSecrO 'at. 4. eVecr&u )6ouXo/iat. 5. Mt-
TCW Sarf/ooz/ Brjpevo-aL <^acrt^. 10 6. e<ao-az>
II. 1. /cat KeXevet rovs crrpar^you? Xeycw' raGra
rot? crryoartwrat? /cat avaTreldeiv tTrecrOaL. 2. ro^ev-
Orjvcu 12 "EXXrjva ecfracrav. 3. cay ravra TronjcrrjTe
oterat /cara/ce/coi//ecr#at. 13
III. 1. (It) is safer 14 to flee. 2. He wishes to
make an expedition into the country of 15 the Pisidians.
3. But he says that the enemy will come 16 at day-
break. 17 4. But it is necessary to proceed at once.
IV. 1. You are not willing to obey nor 18 to follow.
2. But it is sometimes possible 8 to capture the bus-
tards. 3. Wherefore the Greeks were compelled to
proceed slowly.
NOTES.
1 Pages 66, 68, and 69, bottom.
2 The First Aorist Active Infinitive, all Infinitives in -vat, and the Perfect
Middle and Passive Infinitive accent the penult. Cf. 26, N. 3, (1).
3 Read carefully the fine print at the end of 260, 1, consulting the ref-
erences. Cf. with this the statement in 260, 2 (second sentence), in regard
to the time-force of each tense of the Infinitive in indirect discourse. The verb
implying thought in the following exercises, after which the Infinitive in in-
direct discourse will occur, will always be one whose force will be easily seen,
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 63
and generally will be a verb of saying. Cf. 260, N. 1. For what is meant by
indirect discourse, cf. 241, 1 and 2.
* For 8tei, the contracted Present third singular, used impersonally, of 5^w,
to need. So in the fourth example Set? for Steiv. Cf. $ 9.
6 The present stem is elsewhere, by adding , lengthened to pa\c-. The
Future fj.axovjj.ai is common Attic for /naxftfo/uai, 120, 2, second paragraph.
6 A deponent. Forms of the Active occur with the same meaning, but used
only of the commander. The Middle is used of both leaders and followers.
7 Forms of the Active occur, commonly with the transitive meaning, to deceive.
8 28, N. 1, at the end. 9 160, 1.
10 What they say in their own words is, Mtfas tdypevae, Midas caught, etc.
On the accent, cf. 27, 3, and 28, 2.
11 They said, Kvpos 0t\etrai (contracted from 0t\&Teu).
12 They said, eTo(60r]"\\r)v.
13 His thought is, vcaTa/ce/co^o/xat, / shall be (instantly) cut to pieces. Cf.
200, N. 9. 16 He says, ij^ovaiv oi
14 138. " ana
16 Into the country of, eis. 18 ovdt.
LESSON XXXII.
Verbs : Participles Active.
GRAMMAR : 96, 1., 1 the Participles, in the Active voice, of
95, 2, fourth column. 119, 1, first paragraph,
with N. 68, 3 decline \vcov, Xvcra? (like terra? 4 ), and
\e\vfcws. 95, 1, the synopsis ly tenses (across the page)
of the Active voice of \vco. 129, I., thePres. Part, of eipi.
204. 5 275. 276, 1 and 2.
Examples.
276, 1 : avr]p KCL\WS 7T67rat8ei'^e^o9, a man WHO HAS
BEEN Well EDUCATED (or a W//-EDUCATED
man) .
oi (TTpanwrai oi VTTO Kvpov Tre/t^^eWe?, the .
soldiers WHO WERE SENT by Cyrus.
64 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
276, 2 : 701)5 <f)evyovras vireXa^avevy he took THOSE
THAT WERE FLEEING (or THE FUGITIVES)
' under his protection.
Vocabulary.
ayopd, -ds, 17, (d-y^pw, to collect; an assembly of the people,
cf. fryw) a place of assembly,
a market-place.
17X109, -ov, 6, the sun.
-CCTO/Xat, ->}l>, 6 (rapa
>0 fo <fc #y, /o ^ present.
, -f aj, etc. reg. fo plait, to bra i(/.
, -ou, 6,(<r^andMaxo/iat) ;? r///y, // auxiliary.
17, s///;y.
oj, -a, -ecra, -e/ca, -ecrynai, 7 to finish, to fulfil an obli-
(rAos) gatiou, ^ /?^.
-77, -o^, 7/r/yY/, grievous, cruel.
Exercises.
I. 1. eTTiXeyeiz' rctSe 8 e/ceXeue TOI^ (frepovTa ra
. 2. T^crai/ yap ot /cwXucro^re? Trepan 9 TroXXot
3. raura 8e T^yyeXXo^ 77^09 Kupot' ot auro-
TTpo TT)? /m^s. 4. 01 (TTyoarryyot e/ca-
rou? rovro (^acrK-o^ra?. 5. /cat 7)877
ayopav ir\TJ0ovcrav.
II. 1. ivravOa. rjcrav ra ySacrtXeta rov Sv/ota? 11
. 12 2. Tore Se a/ia 77X10^ d^areXXo^rt Kijpv-
icas e7TjLLi//e. 3. o/xa>5 Se Set e/c
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 65
ayaOovs TeXeOew. 4. r\v Se' rt? 15 JU,T) TrtiOrjTai,
TOV v^^v IvTvy^oivovTa <rvv TOJ ap-
III. 1. The soldiers obey those who command 17
(them). 2. Cyrus inarches on to the river Chains,
being of (one) plethrum in breadth. 18 3. Fellow-
soldiers, 19 the present (circumstances) are hard. 4. He
has the force of Orontas, him who has (in marriage)
the daughter of the king.
IV. 1. But they paid money to him who was will-
ing to plait slings. 2. Those who were 20 before allies
have broken their oaths 3. Those who command, 21
therefore, must be 22 much more vigilant.
NOTES.
1 Page 66, bottom.
2 The Perfect Active Participle is oxytone, 26, N. 3, (2).
3 26, N. 2.
Except iu accent. See 68, N.
For illustrations, see in particular the first three sentences in the Exercises.
26, N. 1.
\ 113, N. 1.
Neuter plural accusative of 55e, 83. Translate, what follows, lit. these
(things], and see 148, N. 1.
9 Modifies the preceding Participle, which with the article is the subject
of Tjcrav.
10 From Ka.0-ifa. See 105, N. 3.
11 171, 3.
12 Note the tense, him who HAD governed, etc.
13 Neuter plural of the Participle of irdpeifj.i with the article, used substan-
tively. See the general vocabulary.
14 In the accusative to agree with ^uas understood, the subject of
See 136.
15 Any one, an enclitic.
66 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
16 TOV ei>Tvyxd.vovra is the subject of Ko\dfav. Translate: Let us decree
that he of you who falls in with (him), etc.
17 184, 2. 160, 1.
19 In Greek the vocative is much ofteiier accompanied by w, than the cor-
responding case in English by its equivalent.
20 Use "the PriM** Participle, 204, N. 1.
21 134, 2.
22
LESSON XXXIII.
Verbs : Participles Middle and Passive.
GRAMMAR: 96, I., 1 the Participles Middle and Passive
of \vo). 2 119, 1, second paragraph. 68, decline
(like Tt0e/?). 3 95, 1, the synopsis in all the voices of the
Participles of Xv, and the synopsis by tenses (across the
page) of the Middle and Passive voices of the same verb.
277, with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.*
Examples.
277, 1 : ravra \e'ya)i> Oopu/Sov rjfcovo-e, WHILE SAYING
this he heard a noise.
"277, 2 : TOVTCOV TWV /cepftcov dire^oifro aic^pa vofjLifyv-
re? elvai, they abstained from these gains BE-
CAUSE THEY CONSIDERED them to be shameful.
erropevovTo aSovTes, they advanced SINGING.
Xrji^o/jievot, tftGQvei, they will live BY PLUN-
DERING.
277, 3 : 08' dvrjp \aya)s <>X TO Q^pdewv, her husband
was gone TO HUNT 'hares.
277, 4 : TOVTO iroiricrav'Tes ev irpd^ovaiv^ IF THEY DO
this, they will prosper. 5
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 67
277, 5 : CLVTOV Trpoa-ercvvrjaav eiri ddvarov dyofjievov,
they saluted him, THOUGH HE WAS BEING
LED to execution.
277, 6 : dvaj3aivt e^tov OTrX/ra?, he goes up WITH
hoplites.
Yocabulary.
OLVTlCTTa(Tia)Tr)<;, -OV, 6, (dirf, against,
and fora/wii, to stand) an Opponent.
aTrofjia^o^, -o?, -ovy (fab and /xdx^) disabled, out of the
ranks.
dcr7Tt9, -tSo?, 17, shield.
OLTifJid^a), -dcra), etc. rcg., (tripos, dis-
honored, fr. a priv. and rt/x^) /O dishonor.
, -acro/xat, -acra, -aOrftyr, /o laugh.
?, -a, -oi^, 6 r/^/^, 0# ^^
/ct^Suz/ua), -eucra), etc. rcg., (xivdwos) to run a risk.
Xoyt^o/xat, -toGjLcai, 7 -tcr/xat, -cra/x^i/,
(\o7os, x^7") ^o consider.
Exercises.
I. 1. 7rieo/zei>O5 VTTO rcoz/ ot/^oc 8 d
rjrrjcre Kvpov fjacrOov. 2. OLKOVCTCLS 8e raura eyc-
Xacre^. 3. aTreVe/iTre rou? yty^o/xeVou? Sacr/xous
/SacrtXet. 4. 7TpifJLVOV Ti<Tcra<f)epvr)v eyyv? lorrpa-
TOTTeSeu/AeVot. 5. tTropevovTO iv Sefta 9 e^o^re?
17X10^, Xoyt^d/xet'ot ri^eiv a/xa ^Xtw Sworn et? /cw
II. 1. ctj^ov Se ra? dcnrtSas e
2. eTreo-^xx^aro Kuyow crTracra/Ae^os
68 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
3. 6 Se 10 KivSwevcras KOLL dri/zacr$i<?
OTTO)? /3ao"L\evcrei. 4. TroXXol 'yap rjcrav aTro/xa^oi,
01 TTpCt)jJLVOl KOLL Oi KLVOV^ 11 <f>pOVT<$ KGLL ol TtoV
ra 6VXa
III. 1. They descend into the plain to sacrifice.
2. When he had heard this, he was greatly troubled.
3. They were fighting with those who had been
drawn up 12 in front. 4. But his mother, when she
had begged (him) off, sends him back again.
IV. 1. He was of those who were making war 1?
about Miletus. 2. He was not willing to withdraw
the right wing, since he feared u that he might be en-
circled. 15 3. He hits Cyrus with a javelin while strik-
ing 16 the king.
NOTES.
1 Pages 68 and 09, bottom.
2 The Perfect Participle Middle and Passive is paroxytone, 26, N. 3, (1).
The First Aorist Passive Participle is oxytoue, 26, N. 3, (2).
3 All Participles in -os, on the other hand, are declined like <ro0js, 62, 3.
* The Participle in Greek, while it expresses all of these relations, does not
do so definitely and distinctly. Hence the different uses run into each other,
and cases occur in which the Participle expresses at the same time two or even
more of them.
5 165, N. 2, at the end.
6 See the general vocabulary.
7 120, 3.
8 22, N. 1, at the end..
9 Se. X ipt.
10 143, N. 2.
11 83.
12 Use the Perfect.
13 169, 1.
14 Use the proper form of 0o/3e'o/zat, applying 9, 2, second sentence.
15 Use the Aorist.
16 That is, while Cyrus was striking, etc.
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 69
LESSON XXXIY.
Adjectives : Irregular Comparison. Verbals.
GRAMMAR: 73, 1. 119, 2. j 281, with l.and 2.
Examples.
281, 1 : axf)e\r]Tea aoi rj TTO\I<; eVr/i>, the city MUST BE
BENEFITED by yOU.
281, 2 : rjfjiiv Travra 1 iroirjreov eaTiv, we MUST DO every-
thing.
Vocabulary.
ttSeiTT^O?, -05, -OV, (a priv. and Mirvov, supper) SUpperleSS.
atrew, -^crco, etc. rcg- to ask, to dc-
i mand.
OL(j)V\aKTO<>, -05, -OV, (a pviv. and ^uXdrru, to
unguarded.
, -TJCTO), etc. rep:., (t, intens., and to deceive
d-n-ardu, to deceive, fr. air dry, den-it] (jrOSSll/.
epyov, -ov, TO, (tpyw, Ytpyw* to do WORK) a WORK, deed.
tVTTpaKTOS, -05 -OV, (e3 and TT/JCITTW) PRACTICABLE,
easy to do.
ovop,a, -aro5, TO, a name.
(frvXaTTO), -da), etc. rcg. to guard.
Exercises.
I. 1. 7roTajuo5 S* a\Xo5 r^^iv eo~Ti Sia^8areo5.
2. 770,5 Se 7rora/xo5 8ia/3aro5. 3. aXXa vofJLL^co
70 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
d/ieiVoz/as /cat Kpei'rrovs 7roXXwi> /3ap/3dpa)v 5
4. \afjL fidvovcriv aVSpag on 4 TrXeiaTous /cat,
5. rovs en-par iwras Trape/caXecraz' eVt
ra /caXXicrra epya. 6. a) fcafacrre avdptoTrw, ov/c
> 7. JcoXaoTeW ecrrl roi^ TratSa.
II. 1. TrXetWo? 6 a^ aftot ct^/xe^ </>iXoc e
ra oTrXa. 2. TTOptvrlov 8' T^^tz/ rov? 7rpcuroLs 8 crra-
s a>9 4 (JLaKpordrovs. 3. ^cra^ 8' 01 LTTTTOL
TIepcrLKwv. 4. r^z/ KtXicrcra^ aTTOTre/xTret
5. TreicrreW 9 eVrt rw
III. 1. These are worse than we. 2. The most
of the Greeks were supperless. 3. There are many
Persians better than this (man). 4. I must not do
this. 5. This is more practicable.
IV. 1. But it is easiest to take 10 the unguarded 11
(property) of one's 12 friends. 2. This girl is very
fair. 13 3. There were very many 14 wild asses in the
plain. 4. But nevertheless I must state what I know.
5. We must persuade the soldiers.
NOTES.
67, 1. 2 1, N. 2. 3 175, 1.
8ri or os is often prefixed to the superlative to strengthen it, as on TrXet-
(TTO , as many as possible, etc.
282, 2. 7 224, 226, 1, and 277, 4.
178, N. 8 73, 2.
From TrdOofj.ai. For the following dative, see 184, 2.
10 Present tense.
11 Neuter plural. 13 Very fair, superlative of Ka\6s.
12 The article. Cf. 141, N. 2. 14 Use the superlative.
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 71
LESSON XXXY.
Adverbs and their Comparison, Numerals.
GRAMMAR : 74, 1 and 2. 75. 76. 1 77, 1 and 2.
Yocabulary.
pXaTTTo), -i//(y, etc. reg. to harm, to injure.
7rt-//,eXeo//,at, -T^CTO/ACU, -77/1011,
ciri and fj.eXofj.ai, the mid. of
>, to take care of} to Car 6 for.
, -oG, 6, one of the breasts, a
breast : also, a hill.
-as, 17, rid of the body, # Jlank
of an army,
eo), -T^CTW, etc. reg., (TTOVOJ, /o7; cf.
Trevo/j.a.1, to toil) to toll.
, -eucrcu, -eucra, /o hasten, to press on.
artpvov, -ou, TO, ^^ breast, the chest.
O~(t)TrjpLa, -tt9, 17, (wrfy, a saviour;
cf. <7utfw) safety.
Exercises,
I. 1. TJfStoi' /cat irpoOvfJioTepov crvveTropevovTo.
2. efeXawet (TTOiO^ov eva, irapacrdyyas OKTCO.
3. e/8Xai//a^ rous ''EXX^^as /leyaXa. 4.
iropevTO r)fJie\T]p,ci>(o$ p,aX\ov? 5. TTO Xv yap
erpe^o^ Oarrov. 6. TroXXai ^/xt^ /cat /caXat
72 FIEST LESSONS IN GEEEK.
II. 1. crTeppus 7roXXojz> ayaBaiv a
2. T^Stcrr' a^ a/coucrai/x,t, 3 rovvofia* 3. TTO\V 8e
ecrtrevSev. 4. OVAC lirovrj&av TO>J>
crTpaTiajTwv. 5. TWI/ Se TrXevpw^ 5 Suo
III. 1. But they 6 obeyed gladly. 2. They were
greatly deceived. 3. He asked Cyrus for pay for
three months. 7 4. And no one of those who crossed 8
the river was wet higher 9 than his breast. 10
IV. 1. He sent gifts with great liberality. 2. But
he gave 11 the army pay for four months. 3. He
marches thence five stages, thirty parasangs, to the
sources of the river, of which the breadth was a
plethrum. 12
NOTES.
1 Parts of 76 can be omitted, or read only, at the discretion of the teacher.
2 75, N. 2. M 167, 5.
3 224, and 226, 2. 8 276, 2.
* 11, 1 and 2. 9 75, N. 1.
5 171, 2. 10 Plural of /wwrfc.
6 143, N. 2. 11 Cf. note 7, Lesson XIV.
12 169, 3. A predicate genitive of measure.
LESSEN XXXYI,
Verbs: Contract.
GRAMMAR: 123. 116, N. 2, with (c), first paragraph.
69. 9, with 1, 2, 3, and 4 (and N.).
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 73
Vocabulary.
/3odaj, -TJcrofjiai, 1 -rjcra, (po^a loud cry) to shout out.
liri-0vp.ea) t -rjcra), -irjcra, -rjKa, (tvi to set ones heart on,
and Ovp&s) to
ao>, -7?cro), to live.
-Tj(rop,ai, -TI/XCU, -
(&yu, to lead) to lead, to think.
to acquire.
-yjcra), etc. rcg., (viay, victory) to conquer, to defeat,
to be victorious.
7TO\fJL0) t -7^0*0), etc. rcg., (*-6Xe,uos) to Wage War.
O)(j)e\0), -TJcrd), etc. reg., (o^eXos, ad-
vantage ; cf. 60 AXw, to farther) to aid.
Exercises.
I. 1. criAXe'fas crrpareu/xa eyroXtop/cet Mt
2. aipeiTai TroXe/xet^. 3. /3oa)v Se /XT)
4. e'crTTOvScuoXoyetro, w? 817X0117 01)5 rt/ia. 5. i^yct-
cr^w. 6. t(j)ofiovvTO. 7. eVraO^a WKCLTO 770X15
/xeyaXr;. 8. eXawei az^a Kpdros ISpovvTL rw &nra>. 3
9. ocrrt? 4 C 1 ?^ 5 tTrt^y/xer, TreipacrOa)
II. 1. Kare6ea.ro e/carepwcre. 2.
01 6/xorpaTre^ot fcaXov/xe^ot. 6 3. T^Seco? ZTTOVOVV Kal
s Kra)VTo. 4. <rvprofji(uTairrjv aero oSoz^
Sta roi) emopKeiv 1 re Kal e^arrarav. 5. CTTC-
Tt/iacr^at, iVa TrXetw Kep&aivoi. 6. K9po? 8*
74 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
, OVK l^jj^O 7 ] Swufcew, aXXa eTre/xeXeiro rt
(what]
III. 1. He was calling out to lead the army.
2. He defeats the barbarians. 3. It is necessary 9
to do this. 4. They kept casting stones into the
river. 5. The river is called Marsyas. 6. But if
we conquer, we shall be honored.
IV. 1. For they were occupying strongholds.
2. He desired exceedingly to be rich. 3. He pre-
fers by warring 10 to make his means less. 4. He
kept warring with the Thracians 11 and aiding the
Greeks.
NOTES.
See note '3, Lesson XXVITT. 7 262, 1.
Generally K^KT^/AGU, rarely in Attic ^cr^cu, 101, 3. 8 277, 5.
188, 1. 9 Set, 123, N. 1.
86. 10 277, 2.
123, N. 2. u 186, with N.I.
01 Ka.\oi>iJt.evoi, those who were called ( 276, 2), his so-called, etc.
LESSON XXXYII.
Pronouns: Personal, Intensive, Reflexive, Reciprocal, and
Possessive.
GRAMMAR : 79, 1 (omitting the forms in parenthesis) and
2 (with N.). 27, 1 (omitting the forms in parenthesis).
144, 1 (with N.) and 2. 145, 1 and 2. 80, and the
first half of the N. 146. 81. 82. 147.
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 75
Examples.
79, 2 : o auro? avrjp, the SAME man ; rov avrov 7roXe/xoi>,
the SAME war.
145, 1 : auro? o arparrjyo^, the general HIMSELF ; ravra
evrotetre avroi (sc. yyuet?), you did this YOUR-
SELVES.
145, 2 : avrov aaTpa-rrrjv eTroirja-ev, he made HIM satrap;
ap%i, avTO)v, he commands THEM.
144,2: \eyerat 'A7ro\\cov vifcfja-at, 1 Mapavav epi&VTa
ot, Apollo is said to have defeated Marsyas when
contending ivith HIM.
146 : 0(f)a%6v eawrov, he slew HIMSELF ; vofAi^ei, TOU?
TroXtVa? vTmoerelv eaurcS, 2 he thinks that the
* I t '
citizens are servants TO HIMSELF.
147 : 6 rjfjLerepos Trarrip = 6 Trarrjp ^wv? OUR father.
Yocabulary.
d$LKe(t), -TJCTO), etc. reg., (<J$t/cos, fr. a priv. and diKij) to do Wrong, to
wrong.
aTrapaCTKevacrTOS, -O9 -Ol^, (a priv. andTrapa-
- o-xevdfa, to prepare ; cf. (TKevafw, (TKeDos) Unprepared.
apery, -7)9, 17, goodness, virtue,
valor.
-TJCTO), etc. reg., (Sairdvr), expense) to GtCVGnd.
O9, -OJ', (c5 and
crrdXo?, -ov, 6, (rrA\w, ^ wo <2^ expedition.
, -O9, 7, (gen. and dat. dual
76 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
Exercises.
I -i \ > V > / ~ >\\> * ^
. 1. Kai OLVTOV cTijjLrjo-e. 2. aXX eis v/xa? eoa-
TTOLVtoV. 3. O"U fJLol 7rLpOV\eViS KOL Trj (TVV />LOt
CTTpCLTia. 4. 6 aUTO? CTToXoS e'cTTl /Cttl ^/Xt^. 5. T^
8e aur^ ^epa dfyiTnrevei eirl rrjv eavTov o-KrjvTJv.
6. TrXT/ya? ivtrewov aXX^Xot?. 7. ra^^ei? UTTO av-
roi) rov cfjiov 6 a8eX(^)oi) IrroXl^rjcrev e/zot. 8. TO.VTOV
ZTTQLOVV.
II. 1. vofJLi^a) yap v^as e/xoi eti^ai c^Xovs. 2. au-
To? 7T/3ov\V StaySaXXet^ /xe 7T/505 u/xa?. 3. wpa
pov\vecr0aL viTtp rjjjiwv avraiv. 4. cru re yap
et xai T7/xet9. 5. 6 Se Xeyet avrw. 6. opa
Se rov9 ^EXX-^ag ^t/cw^ra? TO /ca#' aurou?. 7 7.
III. 1. But send us back. 2. Pie remains in the
same (place). 3. They lead him to the general.
4. He has been wronged by us. 5. I myself will
proceed to my own province.^ 6. They kept warring
with one another. 7. Your valor is worthy of ad-
miration.
IV. 1. He brings together his own soldiers.
2. I summoned you. 3. The crags reach down to
the river itself. "4. Let us not neglect ourselves. 8
5. We must benefit our friends. 6. He himself
slays him with his own hand. 9
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 77
NOTES.
1 After many of the verbs that take the Infinitive in indirect discourse
(Lesson XXXI.), both a personal and impersonal ( 134, N. 2) construction is
allowed in the passive. In this example, to illustrate, we might have also
Xeyercu 'AroXXwrn vmrjcrat, if is said that Apollo defeated, where the noun is
the subject of the Infinitive and the Infinitive is the subject of Xe'7erat, rep-
resenting the possible active construction, \eyovaiv 'ATroXXawa. viKrjcrai, etc.
Xe'yw, however, in the active voice rarely takes the Infinitive in indirect dis-
course. Cf. 200, 2, N. 1.
2 ol also would be correct, 144, 2.
3 142, 4, N. 3.
4 ( )u the derivation of this word see further the general vocabulary.
5 187.
6 Not the genitive of the first Personal Pronoun. Cf. uote 3, above.
7 Sc. tfpos or tfpas. 8 171, 2. 9 188, 1.
LESSON XXXYIII.
Pronouns: Demonstrative, Interrogative, Indefinite, and
Relative.
GRAMMAR: 83, with N. 1, first paragraph. 28, N. 3.
148. 142, 4. 1 84, with the first half of N. 2. 149,
1 and 2. 150. 86, with N. 1. 151.
Examples.
149, 1 : rtW? opw ; WHOM do I see ? tiva<s avbpas opco ;
WHAT men do I see?
149, 2 : rt /3ou\6rctt ; WHAT does Jie want ? epcora re (or
o rt 2 ) /3ov\ea6e, lie asks WHAT you want.
150: TOUTO Xeyet T6?, SOME ONE says this; avOpwrros
TV,?, SOME man; opw avdpwirov Tiva, I see
A CERTAIN man, or / see A man.
151 : ovrot ovs opare {3apj3(ipot l jro\^ioi, i]^iv eorovrai,
these barbarians WHOM you see will be hostile to us.
78 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
Yocabulary.
Cl/>y05, -05, -OV, (a priv. and tpyov) Without ICOrk, idle.
yv^-r], -175, 17, (To^cr/cu, 3 to KNOW) judgment, purpose,
opinion.
So/ce'w, Sofo>, 4 eSofa, SeSoy/xat,
), -ecrw, -ecra, -Ka,
-6U7JT/, (f iri, intens., and atVe'w, to praise ;
cf. ai^os, /ww*?) /o approve, to praise.
, -So?, 6 6 or 17, a child, a son, a
daughter.
TraXroV, -ov, TO, (TTCIXXW, to brandish) a javelin.
TKfJLTJpLOV, -OV, TO, (rfK/mp, a sure d SllTC Slfjn, d positive
>) proof.
TyOOTTO?, -OV, 6, (T^TTO;, to /am) tf ^r^, <2 manner, (of
persons) disposition,
character.
Exercises.
I -i ^'P7^y <^> v \\fi>
. 1. ACai OVTOl /A6Z^ ^VOV, OL O a\\OL C7TO-
pevovro. 2. el Aapeiov CCTTI TraT?, e/xo? 8e aSeX^og,
ovfc d/xa^ei TavT* eyct) \tj\jjofiai. 9 3. 6t 8e Tt? aXXo
6yoa P.\TLOV, XefaTw. 4. ev#v? 8e eKelvos ctTreXav^et
TOV? crrpaTiwTa?. 5. Tt TTpa^^creTat ; 6. epwra
ovTO? o Tt TToiov/zez'. 7. /cat avTT; aXX^ TTyoo-
c^acrtg ^ avTo>. 8. ot 8e crTpaTLwraL, OL re
O.VTOV e/cetVov /cat ot cxXXoi, TavTa a/cov
FIKST LESSONS IN GREEK. 79
II. 1. TOVTO avTol CTrotetcr^e. 2. ouros Se 6 au-
TOS /ceXeuei ^/xa? Tropeuecr^cu. 3. rts OUTUJ //,au>erai
OCTTIS ou /SouXcrai crot (1X09 ew>ai ; 4. o~u ouz> o-v//,-
ftovXevcrov r^Liv, o TL crot So/cet apio-TOv elvai. 5. ra
avra ravra ySovXeuo^rat. 6. ySacrtXevcrei d^r* e/cei-
*>ov. 7. Xeyovcri Sc rii/e? raSe.
III. 1. And he commands them to say this.
2. What will the rest of 8 the soldiers do? 3. And
these did so. 10 4. He speaks as follows. 7 5. I pur-
sued with the aid of 11 these. 6. But there was a
certain Athenian in the armv.
i/
IV. 1. He collected his own army and spoke as
follows. 2. What opinion have you? 3. But an-
other army was collected for him in the following
manner. 13 4. But the following (fact) is a proof of
this.
NOTES.
1 See the example in Lesson XIX.
2 Sec the remark at the top of pap;e 126 in the Grammar.
3 The stem is yvw-. On the formation of the Present from this simple stem,
cf. /j.i[ju>ri(TKu, note 3, Lesson XXIX.
* 108, 7.
8 Except in the Perfect passive, the short vowel of the stem is retained,
$ 106, N. 2.
6 25, 3, N.
7 148, N. 1.
8 142, 2, N. 3.
9 Future of Xa^/Sd^w.
10 otfrws.
11 With the aid of, <rvv.
12 160, 2, where the first example means, in the PRECEDING manner.
80 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
LESSON XXXIX.
Verbs: Second Tenses in the Active Voice. 1
GRAMMAR : 96, II., 2 the Second Tenses of the Active voice
of Xe/7rft>. 3 90, 2, N. 107, with N. 1 and N. 2. 108,
with 1, 2, and 5. 109, with 2. 110, N. 95, 1, the
synopsis of the entire Active voice both by moods and by
tenses.
Vocabulary. 4
sec- aor-
fo lead.
ajJiapTciva) (a/xapr-), 6 -T^cro/xat, -rjKa,
-77/^0,1, -TJOrjv ; sec. aor. rjfjLapTov, fo err, to miss.
-), efw or cr^Vw, crxr)Ka,
, o-\eOr)v ; sec. aor. ecryov? to have, to lohl.
\ajji/Bdv(t> (Xa/B-), Ci \7J\fjojjiai, eiX^^a, 8 to take, to cap-
sec. aor.
sec. pert'. XeXoiTTO, ; sec. aor. !Xl7TOZ>, /6>
sec. aor. fjLa0ov, to learn.
vo} (rv~x~), & Tcwfo/uu, Terv^rjKa ; to obtain, toll it,
sec. aor. TV)(OV, to happen.
sec. pcrf. 7re^)uya ; sec. aor. ([(fruyov, from.
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 81
Exercises.
I. 1. MeVtoZ' Se TO eva)vv^ov Kepas ecr^e^. 2. ev-
S' eXafie rd TraXrd ets ra? ytlpas. 3. /cat ou-
^l()V j \ / /\
TO? auTou rjfJLaprev. 4. O/CTOJ povovs Ka.T<L\nrov.
5. aXXa TToXXa? Trpo^acret? Kv^o? evpicrKtv, Iva u/xa?
T dirapa<TKvdo-TOv$ XdfioL KOLL ^/xa? eV#aSe dvayGi-
yoi. 6. 17 Se KtXio~o"a e(^vye^ e/c T^? dya/xa/xa^? /cai
01 e/c TTj? ayopas 11 /caTaXiTro^Te? TO, w^ta ecfrvyov.
II. 1. /cat ou/c ^ TOU9 woug Xa/3et^. 2. /cat
Xa/3o^Ta5 TOV /3ap/3apiKov crrpaTOv, 12
TO,? d/xafa?. 3. TTJ Se vcrrepaia Kara-
Kavcras Ta? /cco/xa? /cat otkiav ouSe/Atai^ 18 XLTTOJP e^-
Xauz/e irdXiv 4. TOUS crrpaTrjyovs e'/ceXeve^ OTrXtVas
ayayetz/ ot Se Taura eTrot^cra^, dyayot'Te? 0*5 T/M-
OTrXtVa?.
III. 1. And first learn 15 who they are. 2. They
have not escaped. 3. But no one captured an ostrich.
4. Corn 16 failed the army. 5. But he himself took
the horsemen and proceeded. 17
IV. 1. But when 18 he had learned 15 this, he com-
manded them to set the houses on fire. 2. And you
again took pledges from 19 me. 3. For a line 'of the
hoplitcs chanced 15 to be following. 20
NOTES.
1 Analyze each tense, pointing out the present stem, the simple stem, aug-
ment, tense stem, conn eel hit/ vowels, and personal endings.
82 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
2 Page 70.
3 Ou the accent of the Infinitives and Participles, cf. 26, N. 3.
4 After this in the vocabularies when the simple stem of any verb does not
appear in the Present, it will be added in parentheses. In every such case the
pupil should be required to show how the present stem is formed from the sim-
ple stem, and to tell to which one of the nine classes the verb belongs. When
no stem is given the verb, of course, belongs to the first class.
5 In the Second Aorist the stem is doubled, becoming ay ay-.
6 Mute stems which assume v or av in the Present, have their proper form
only in the Second Aorist ; elsewhere they either lengthen the short vowel (like
verbs of the second class,, 108, 2), or are lengthened by the addition of .
7 In the Present x w ^ s f r *X' W ( c 'f- the Future, eo;) and that for <rex- w -
The stem <rx- is syncopated in <TX OV (for e-<rex-oi>, 14, 2), and appears in the
form <TX- in CTX^O-W, etc. The Imperfect is elxov, 103.
8 101, 2, N. 1.
9 In the Future some verbs take <r as characteristic instead of <r, contract-
ing with the ending. This formation is found only in the Future Middle, and
only where it has an active meaning. It is called the Doric Future.
10 171, 1.
11 Those in the market-place. See Lesson LXIL, Remark.
12 .170, 1.
13 77, 1, N. 2.
14 About.
15 Use the Second Aorist.
16
(Tiros.
17 Greek idiom, having taken (Aorist Participle) the horsemen he proceeded.
18 s.
19 irapd.
20 279, 2.
LESSON XL.
Verbs: Second Tenses in the Middle Voice.
GRAMMAR: 96, II., 1 Second Aorist Middle of Xe/7r&>. 2
108, with 6, 7, and 8. 109, with 1, 2, and 3. 95, J,
the synopsis of the entire Middle voice both by moods and by
tenses.
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 83
Vocabulary.
d(f)-LKveop,ou, (t/c-), -ifo/xcu, -ty/xat 3 ; sec. aor. to come, to
-IKO^TIV, (OTTO and 'iKveo/j-ai, fr. frcw, to come) CLTTWC.
4
yecro^cu,
; sec. perf. yeyova, I am, to become.
f.7TL-\av 6 avo^ai (XaO-), -X?7crojU,cu, 5 -XeX^cr/mi ;
sec. aor. -eXoLUOjJi'Y^l', (fal and \avda.vofj.a.i, to forget,
mid. of \av9dvw, to fie hid from) to foTfJCt.
u/D-), evpijcraj^-rjKa, -7^/iat, -effrjv;
sec. aor. evpOV, to find.
(naff-, rrevO- 7 ), Tretcro/xat ; sec. perf.
a ; sec. aor. tTTaOoV, to Suffer.
LTTTCt) (TTCT-, Trro)- 8 ), Trecrou/Aat, 9 TreVrw/ca ;
sec. aor. 776(70 f, to fdlL
dvopai (TTV&-), Trevcro/xat, 10 TreVucr/xat ; ^o ascer-
sec. aor. eTTvOoJi, "* /ft 2/2.
Tp(f>0r)V', sec. aor. mid. iTpaTTOfJLTfJV, to
Exercises.
I. 1. e^^a ST) TroXu? rapa^o? eyeVero. 2. eV
ravrrj Ty fJid^rj erraOev ouSet? ovSeV. 13 3.
Trecret^ 13 et? TT)^ Trarpwav OIKLCLV.
4. aXXa SeSot/ca, /AT), av u a?raf fjLdda)fJLv dpyol
, u 7TL\a0a>iJL@a rrj? ot/caSe 6ov. 5. OUK a^
yeVotro 16 rw e/xw a
84 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
n-i ' 17 > v ' ' * o /
. 1. ovo et TTtcrro? yevoLfjirjv, crot, y av bo-
fat/xt,. 2. 6 TTto-roraro? rw^ O-K^TTTOV^OJI/ Xeyerac
Tre/o nrto-elv avro). 3. as S* 17 rporrr) tyevero, Sia-
. 4. 17 Se yut>7? irporepa 18 Kvpov irlvTt
d(f)LKeTO. b. Kvpos eSetcre /x^ oTricrOtv yevo-
fiao-L\i>s /cara/coi//t TO 'EXXrjviKov.
III. 1. A shout arose. 19 2. These arrived at 20
Sarclis. 3. And these (two) died. 4. And he
ascertained the matter. 5. He questioned Cyrus
thus. 21
IV. 1. But Cyrus himself was killed. 22 2. I
should not wonder, if you would find some one.
3. But the enemy betook themselves to flight.
4. But he grappled with (it) and was dragged 23
down from his horse.
NOTES.
1 Page 71. Cf. note 1, Lesson XXXIX.
2 Ou the accent of the Infinitive and the second person singular of the
Imperative, cf. 26, N. 3, (1) and (3).
3 16, 3. In compound verbs the accent cannot precede the augment
or reduplication, 26, N. 1.
4 In many verbs (especially of the first, fifth, and sixth classes) the simple
stem is modified in certain tenses (not the Present or Imperfect) by adding ,
which is then generally lengthened, $ 106.
5 Cf. note 6, Lesson XXXIX'.
6 The Present before euphonic change is TrdO-crKW, 16, 2. For the
euphonic change in the Future, cf. $ 16, 5, N. 1.
7 Thess stems are not essentially different ; a and are often interchanged
in verb-stems (irad-, ired-), and the insertion of the nasal is parallel with what
is done in the case of such verbs as fjiavdavb}, 108, 5.
8 The stems are not essentially different.
9 Cf. note 9, Lesson XXXIX. Z-ire<T-ov is for e-7rer-oj>, which is in fact the
form of the Second Aorist in Doric Greek.
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 85
10 Cf. note 6, Lesson XXXIX. The Perfect Passive, however, does riot
lengthen the simple stem.
11 There is a rarer form of the Perfect, rerpa^a.
12 $ 283, 8, second paragraph.
13 To have fallen; 5o/cew, in the meaning to seem, takes the Infinitive
in indirect discourse, usually in the personal construction. Cf. note 1,
Lesson XXXVII.
I. c. l&v.
15 123, N. 2.
16 I 224, and 226, 2.
17 24, 3.
18 $ 138, N. 7. For the following genitive, cf. 175, 1.
19 Use yiyvo/j.a.1.
20 els.
21 I.e. as follows. Use an adverb.
22 Use a-rroOvya-KU, and cf. the general vocabulary.
23 The Greek idiom is, having grappled with (it) he was dragged^ etc.
LESSON XLI.
i
Verbs: Second Tenses in the Passive Voice,
GRAMMAR : 96, III., 1 Second Tenses of the Passive voice
of <rre'\\o>. 2 108, 3, 4, and 9.ARead 108, 4, N. 109,
1, 2, and 3. 110, 3 and 4. 95, 1, the synopsis of the
entire Passive voice both by moods and by tenses.
Tocabulary.
a, yprjjJLai, to take ; mid.
sec. aor. c? Xoi>, to choose.
-770-0), -yjcra, -rjKa, -77/1011, (/3o^6j, to aid, to as-
86 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
lK-7r\TJTTO) (77X777-), ~ 7 ?f &J -*]<*> -Tjyp-ai, to strike out
-TJ^OrjV, sec. perf. TreVX^ya; sec. aor. pass. of one's senses,
5 fo terrify.
; sec. aor. r}\0ov, to (JO, to C0)il6.
sec. aor. ercu/mz', 7 /o
' '
/car-aXXarrcu (dXXay-), -afa>, etc. reg. ; sec.
aor. pass. -^XXayT^I', (fard and aXXdrror 8 ) fo
a-cTKevd^a) (cr/ceuaS-), -ctcrw, -acra, /o w//*^ ready,
, (7ra/x and o-/ceDos 8 ) ^ prepare.
sec. aor. pass. IcTTpd^Vy to
Exercises.
I. 1. Kal ol
tpvTQ. 2. TToXXou? 8e TTOLijcreL rd Trap" eaurw eXe-
cr^at. 3. /cai efiovXevofJieOa crvv avrot? OTTW? az^
Ta^eirjcrav 9 ol veKpoi. 4. e\0a>v evrt TT)^ StctySacrti'
d(f)L7T7TVeL C7TI TTp CaVTOU (TKrjVTJV. 5. KaT\7]<f>0r)
e/cTrXayei? rts. 6. ec^acra^ rov? Xo^ou? Acara/coTr^at
UTTO rwt' KtXtAcw^. 7. /cat o5ro9 817, oz^ wero TTLO'TOV
ot 10 eTz^ai, ra^u avrov evpe Kupw (^tXaire/ao^ 11 ^ eav-
ra>. 8. Trapa 8e ySacrtXeco? TroXXot Trpo?
, eTretS?) TroXe/xtot aXX^Xoi? eye
II. 1. 7ri/3ov\eve(, Kvpu, KOL (also)
^cras, /caraXXayet? Se. 2. aWa,5 TroXXov?
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 87
x\ * 9 o * ^ ' ' 12 '
\oi av. 3. aye 017, eiTre, rii>a
4. /cat K\evcrv flireiv GLVTOV TTOV
5. e^co yap rpirjpeis cocrTt eXeti^ 13 TO efceiVcoz' 77X010^.
6. eaj> Se ouros cr<f)a\rj, ov o-iravicreL TMV
III. 1. And the barbarians turned and fled. 15
2. He said this. 3. I should prefer 9 freedom. 16
4. He saw the general. 5. We did not come to-
gether for the purpose of warring 17 with the king.
IV. 1. Cyrus said this to the soldiers. 2. But
he came to 18 his own army and spoke as follows.
3. And they chose men and sent them with him.
4. The army came along this pass and got 19 within
the ditch.
NOTES.
1 Page 72. Cf. note 1, Lesson XXXIX., pointing out in the present Lesson
the characteristic also.
2 For the accent of the Second Aorist Infinitive and Participle, cf. 26,
N. 3, (1) and (2).
3 In the case of verbs of the ninth class, since the stems are essentially
different, the present stem is given along with the others. Cf. note 4,
Lesson XXXIX.
* Cf. the general vocabulary for the derivation of /SoT/tfos.
6 The simple (uncompounded) verb has the Second Aorist Passive ^ir\-ffyrjv t
formed from the simple stem without change.
6 In Attic prose el/u ( 129, II.) is used for iXctffotuu ($ 200, N. 3). The
Future eXcucro/tai lengthens the stem after the analogy of verbs of the second
class ( 108, 2). On the reduplication of the Perfect, cf. 104. The Second
Aorist Tfkdov is for ijXvdov by syncopation.
7 17, 2, N.
8 For the derivation in full, cf. the general vocabulary.
9 See note 16, Lesson XL. 13 266, 1. " 277, 3, and
10 144, 2. i* 172, 1. N. 2.
11 71, N. 2. Cf. I. 1. " 7rp6s.
12 26, N. 3, (2), at the end. 16 141, N. 1, (6). " Use ylyvopuu.
88 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
i
LESSON XLII.
Verbs: Liquid 1
GRAMMAR: ,97. 120, 1. 121. Inflect in all the
moods the Perfect and Pluperfect Middle and Passive of
, / 2
(paiva).
Vocabulary.
dyyeXXo) (ayyeX-), -eXw, -etXa, -eX/ca, -eX/x-cu,
-X0r)V, (&yye\os, a messenger, fr. &yw, to briny} to
/3d\\a> 08aX-), y8aX^, ySe^/ca, 3 ySe^X^at,
e/BXijQrjv; sec. aor. eySaXo^, fo throw.
/c-Sepaj, -Sepw, -eSetpa, -SeSa/3/xat ; sec. aor. p.
/o remain.
crreXXct) (crreX-), -eXw, -eiXa, -aX/ca, -aX/>cat;
sec. aor. p. i<TToX^V t to SCJttl.
LVto (rev-}, revw, tTtiva, TtraKa, rero/iai,
e^w (0pX'> 6 Spa/A-), Spap.ovjj.aL,
SeSpdfJLrjKa; sec. aor. ebpafjiov, to run.
<j)aLi>a) ((j)av-), (fravw, <f>r)va, 7re<f)ayKa, to show : mid.
Tre'^xxoyAcu, e^dvOrjv ; sec. perf. Trecfrrjva ; and pass, fo
sec. aor. p. l<f)dvrjv, ajjpear.
Exercises.
I. 1. p,Ta ravra oure ^covra 'Opovrav ovre
Kora ouSel? 7 eTSe Tr&JTrore rac^o? Se ouSetg Traj
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 89
CLVTOV lcf)dvr). 2. OLTrtKplvaTo KXe'a^os. 3. /cat
ivravOa e/xeu>ai> ol o-Tpartwrat rjjjitpas TreVre.
4. era) SoAcet TavTa, dvaTLVOLT(t) rrjv
OTrXtras aurou 8 e/ceXevo~e /xeiWi. 6. /cai ei
yyetXat ^prj^OLev, iv ^/xtcret ai' XP V( P
I/OITO TO crryoaref/xa. 7. eVel 8* e^rjXOev,
rot? (^tXots r^ Kpi(Tiv g cos eyeVero. 8. o rt Se TTOI-
ou
II. 1. cru Se 7rpa)Tos a,7rd(^^^ai 10 yvo)^riv. 2.
/ca Se SetX^ eyiy^ero, l(f>dvrj KOVLOpros. 3. IvravOa
Xe'yerat 11 'ATroXXw^ e/cSet^oa/, Mapcruaz/. 4. ot Se
KoifJLvovTes avcLKpayovrts 1 * ra? dcrTTtSa? Trpo? rd
Sdpara eKpovcrav. 5. eSoKow rov? TroXe/xtov? clrd-
/crots cr(jjLcrLV 13 eTTLTrecreicrOai. 141 6. eTretS?)
/cdra etSe Kv^or, KaraTrrj 817 eras euro rou ITTTTOV
III. 1. I will announce this. 2. Cyrus remained
there thirty days. 3. I will quickly answer you.
.4. They did not await the hoplites. 5. He inflicted
blows.
IV. 1. Shall I announce a treaty or war?
2. What will the rest answer to Cyrus? 3. Let
us not wait for others to come to us ! 4. And the
asses ran forward.
NOTES/
1 Analyze (note 1, Lesson XLI.) each form in the paradigm, and classify
( 108) the verbs in the vocabulary. Do this also in each of the following
Lessons where possible,
90 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. ,
2 113, N. 2. The third person plural of the Perfect Indicative is ire<f>a-
<T[J.froi elcri, and of the Pluperfect, Tre^aa/j-evoi ^(rav, from the impossibility of
pronouncing ir^av-vrai and irtfav-vro. Cf. 98, 1. Cf. also 16, 4.
3 14, 1.
4 Some verbs of the first class add to the simple stem in some of their
tenses. Cf. fiotiXofuii, Lesson XVIII.; e0eAu>, Lesson XX.; ofo/mai, Lesson
XXIX.; etc. Cf. also note 4, Lesson XL.
5 109, note 1.
6 17, 2, N.
7 283, 8, second paragraph.
8 An adverb.
9 A noun which properly belongs to the dependent sentence is often trans-
ferred (usually with change of case) to the principal sentence. The object is to
give it a more emphatic position. \Ve might have had, u>s i] Kpivis eyfrero.
10 199, 3.
11 Cf. note 1, Lesson XXXVII.
12 In English, in place of the Participle use a finite mood connected with the
following verb by the conjunction and.
13 144, 2. On the accent, cf. 27, 1.
14 Cf. note 9, Lesson XXXIX.
LESSON XLIII.
Verbs: Euphonic Changes in Mute Verbs Summarized.
Periphrastic Forms.
1. According to 94, verbs are divided into three classes : *pure verbs,
whose stem ends in a vowel ; mute verbs, whose stem ends in a mute
( 6, 2) ; and liquid verbs, whose stem ends in a liquid.
2. It will be noted, however, that many verbs (properly called anoma-
lous, \ 107, N. 2) have a strengthened stem in the Present. In this
case, because of the different forms in which the stem appears, it is often
difficult to designate the verb as pure, mute, or liquid. This designa-
tion, however, is not a necessary one, and in such cases need not be
attempted.
3. Of mute simple stems that appear in the Present in a strengthened
form, the following should be carefully noted:
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
91
1) Those whose Present Indicative ends in TTTW ( 108, 3), where
the final mute of the simple stem is a labial.
2) Those whose Present Indicative ends in craw or rra) 1 ( 108, 4,
I.), where the final mute is generally a palatal.
3) Those whose Present Indicative ends in o> ( 108, 4, I.), where
the mute is with one exception (vifa, wj3-, to wash) either a lingual or
a palatal, to be seen in the Future.
NOTE. Mute simple stems are found also in each of the remaining classes
of anomalous verbs, but in general are easy to recognize.
^ 4. Give a synopsis in all the voices of the Indicative mood of the
following regular verbs with simple stems ending in a mute, explaining
the euphonic changes: rpifia) (rpt/3-), to rub; ypa<j>a> (ypacp-),
to write; TrXeKcu (TrXf*-), to braid: 7rparra> (Trpay-), to do;
raparra) (rapa^-), to disturb; <pda> ((ppaS-), to tell; Trcidv
(7Ti0-), 2 to persuade.
GRAMMAR : 98 entire. Eeview 16 entire. 3
Vocabulary.
atf, atyO?, 6 or rj, (cuWa;, to fcap) a ffOCtt.
eXey^w, eXeyfw, T^Xeyfa, eX^Xey/Acu, 4 to confide, to
ri\4y^6irjVy convict.
KpdTTJp, -r)yOO5, 6, (Kepdwvfju, to m'ur) a larCJG bowl, ft
mixing vessel.
-}, Kpiva), tKpiva, KKpiKa* to separate, to
KKpifjiai, tKpiOriv, judge.
, -co?, TO, (/crdo^cat) a domestic ani-
mal: pi. cattle.
/xeXXw, 6 fjL\\Tjcrct), e/xeXX^cra, or to be about, to
^/xeXX^o-a, 7 intend.
opvis, 8 -1^09, 6 or rj, a bird, a fold.
, -aro9, TO, (x -^^ bronze} a bronze utensil.
92 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
Exercises.
I. 1. eVet Se ol crTpaTrjyol crv^etX^/x/xe
iv 7To\\fj ST) awopia rfcrav ol arpartwrat. 2. ayo-
POLV Se ovSet? ert irape^eiv e/xeXXej>. 3. aVSpe?, e'dV
/zot TreicrOrJTe, ra)v a\Xo)V 7r\4ov TrpoTifjLTJcreo-Oe crrpa-
TLO)TO)v VTTO Kvpov. 4. ecTTaX/AeVo? e?rl TrdXe/xo^ ^.
5. auro^ ov/c eVatz/w, et raura TTCTrot^K-oj? ecrrt.
6. X/ 57 ?' ^^ IXey-^OatCTL, TOUTOV? TifJiwprjOrjvaL. 7. eV
8e rat? ot/acu? ^cra^ atye?, oleg, ySde?, opviOts, KOI
ra e/cyoi^a rovrctj^ ra Se KTTJVYJ Trdvra X^V cvSoi/
Tpe<f)6To. rjcrav Se /ecu Trvpol KCU KpiOal /cat ocrTTyna
/Cat Ott'O? KpWlVOS Iv KpOLTTIpCTLV.
II. 1. ^cra^ Se /cat ^O.\KMJJUOL<TI 7ra/x7roXXot? /care-
cr/ceuacrjaeVat at ot/ctat. 2. ^ oSy ra> crfytv^ovav
rt^a dreXetai/ euptcr/cw/xe^, tcrw?
t/carot 7)p,as w^eXett'. 3. Trot Troptv-
ecr^at e/xeXXo^ ; 4. XP*) avrbv KpiOevra rfjs Si
5.' Trdcrot
etcrtV ;
III. 1. But they had been left behind alone.
2. And the stopping-place was near, where he was
about to halt. 3. For they had been armed.
4. They left their cattle behind 10 and fled. 5. No
friend has been left to us.
IV. 1. But these on the other hand had been
drawn up before the king himself. 2. But on the
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 93
next day heralds were sent. 3. The soldiers have
been drawn up in line of battle. 11
NOTES.
1 Cf. note 4, Lesson III.
2 108, 2, second paragraph.
3 Lesson XVI. and XVII. might here be reviewed with advantage.
* 113, N. 3.
5 109, N. 1.
6 Cf. note 4, Lesson XLII.
7 102, 1, N.
8 47, 2.
9 171, 1.
10 Cf. Lesson XLII., II. 4, with the note on the sentence.
" Cf. Lesson XVI., II. 5.
LESSON XLIT.
Verbs : Formation of the Present from the Simple Stem,
GRAMMAR: 107, entire. l 108, entire.
Yoeabulary.
1 (Itr-, p-), epco, eiTra, etp^/ca,
, tppijOrjv, fo say.
sec. aor. 0avOV y to die.
KTlVO)(KTev-), KT6VO), KTLVa', sec. perf.
CKTOVa*; sec. aor. eKTOLVOV? to kill.
\oiv6dva) (Xa^-), 4 XTJCTO), XeXTycr/xcu; fo escape the notice
sec. perf. XeX-^^a ; sec. aor. eXaOov, of: &. to forget.
94 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
7TL0a) (iTlO-), 7TLCra), etc. reg. ; sec. perf. to persuade : mid. to
7T7TOL0a, as present, to trust, obey.
(rep.-), re/zo), rer/r^Ka, 2
, TfJLTJOr)V ; sec. aor.
and ra//,oi>, /0 c#
Tpaxraj, erpwcra,
to wound.
>/)//>
/>/) \ ^ -V fi^
(ajc/-j, axrcu, ewcra, e
to push.
Exercises.
I. 1. TT)^ ^toi^a etAca^oi/ rer^/ceVat. 2. ourot
\4yovcriv on Kupo? reOvrjKev. 3. v/^-et? Sqfere /ca-
/cot et^at. 4. eKijpv^e rot? ^EXX^crt crucr/ceva^ecr^ai.
5. el? 8e 8^ etTre (advised) crrpar-qyov^ eXecr^at aX-
Xov?. 6. cr<f)v$6vas TrXefcet^ e^eXet. 7. ot S* eTrei-
&OVTO, TrXrjv et 7 rts ri e/cXei/ie^. 8 8. Aapeiou 9 /cat
ITapfcraTtSo? yiyvovraL TratSe? Svo. 9. wcrre
Xeu? rrj? TT/DO? iavrov 7TL/3ov\fj<; OVK y
II. 1. raura etTrw^ eTravcraro. 2.
ovv 7Tt TeTTapa)v. 3. eXefe^ a eytyi^wcr/ce^. 4. a>5
S* rjcrOtTo Kvpov TreTrrojAcdra, 10 <f>vyev. 5. ra '
ap/iara e^epo^ro Sta avTwv TMV TroXe/xtw^. 6. /cal
09 n a>#etT(u 12 avroi^ e/c TT}? rafeot)?. 7. XeXonrw?
ccrri ra aKpa. 8. oc larpou KCLOVCTI KOLI re/z^oucri^
CTT' ayaOco. 9. cr/cei/iacr^e et /cpetrro^ 13 avro^ ^
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 95
III. 1. They concealed this. 2. He tried to
escape the notice of the enemy. 3. But they flee
through their own encampment. 4. And he wounds
him through his breastplate. 5. Cyrus, therefore,
went up with 14 three hundred hoplites. 6. You are
not willing to obey. 7. And being pressed by his
opponents he comes to Cyrus.
IV. 1. But we will fight with 15 these. 2. But
I am exceedingly fatigued. 3. Let him remember 16
to be a brave man. 4. They killed all the slaves.
5. But I will choose you. 6. His wife persuaded
him. 7. But the soldiers kept knocking at the gate.
NOTES.
1 A Second Aorist, the Present and Imperfect being supplied by Xyw and
(f>r]/j.i. The form d-rrov conies from {-eir-ov, Fe-Yeir-ov, a reduplicated Second
Aorist. Cf. frros, veiros, word. In the Perfect, and in the Aorist Passive,
the stem ep- appears in the form p-. The Perfect, further, reduplicates accord-
ing to $ 101, 2, N. 1. 9 169, 1.
2 14, 1. 1 That Cyrus had fallen.
3 109. n $151, M. 8, second paragraph.
Cf. eiri-\avedvofjuu t Lesson XL. 12 199, 2.
108, 9, N. " Sc _ t ffrlm
103. i* With, gx^.
Except if, i. e. unless. I B With, (rfo.
Translate as if a Pluperfect. 16 Use the Perfect Imperative Middle.
LESSON XLT.
Verbs: Regular in MI, lOTiy/**.
GRAMMAR A 126, 2, the inflection of IO-TTJ/LU through-
out. 1 ,125, 1 and 2. Bead 125, 1, notes 1 and 2. In
96 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
126, 1, read the first and second paragraphs, learn the
synopsis of to-r^/zt, and in the note learn its principal
parts. 2 Eead with especial care 127, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, and
N. 2. 68, declension of io-ra?.
Yocab.ulary.
, /3e/3r}Ka; sec. aor. e/3r]v, fo (JO.
8vva[A.ai t Su^crojitat, SeSiV^/Acu, i&vwjftqv* fo be able.
eVurra/xcu, eVicrr^cro/xcu, rjTTLo-TTJOrjv, fo under-
stand.
opda) (opa-y on-, t-), oifjojjiai, eajpa/ca 5 or
edpa/ca, ewpa/xat or w/x/xat, axfjOrjv ; sec.
(wXa-), TrXijcra), eTrX^cra, TreVXi^/ca,
, Tr\T]O'0r}v, to Jill.
<TL>X-Aeya>, -Xefa>, -eXefa, -etXo^a, -eiXey/xai /(? gather
or -XeXey/^at, -eXe^Orji' ; sec. aor. pass. -eXeyy^, together,
to collect.
, j)vkyQy]v ; sec. aor. rjveyKov, fo bear.
TJo-OjJiaL, ewvTjiJLai, 7 .u>vr)Qj)V.
(Classic writers use 7TDtCtjLt7^^, 126, 1, for the later
uvrfaa^v.} to bill/.
Exercises.
I. 1. ot TToXe/xtot OVKZTI (TTr)crav. 2. 01 /xcra
tov OVK6TL larravrai, dXXa favyovariv. 3.
ri wa)/xai, raura iroLjjcra), 4. ou yot/^ ai^ o
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 97
5. cmfraxrcu' ot oTrXtrat. 6. TO Se
6 0-17-09 eV^XtTre, Kal irpiaa-Oai OVK yv.
7. a>5 o* avefirja'av, Ovcravres /cat TpoTraiov (TTrjcra-
Karefirjcrav et? ro TreStoi'. 8. d^ecrrr^o~a^ ot
s Kal elirov ort topa VVKTO^>V\OLKCL<; KaOicrTo-
vai. 9. T) Se KtXto~cra tSouo~a TT)^ Tci^iv TOV crrpa-
reu/xaro? lOavfjLao'ev.
II. 1. ctXXa jit^ /cat rouro ye eTrtcrrao-^e. 2. Kv-
Se, ifjiXyv ^a)v rrjv fce^aX^V, t? r^ p<*xr)v
3. IvrevOev eVo/Deuo^ro w? eSwarro
4. e/c rourou Zttvofy&v aVurrctTat eo-raX-
eVt 7ro\fJiov d>? e'Swaro /caXXtara. 5. dXX*
eu 7TLCTTdcr0a)O'av ort ou/c a7ro7re<^euyao~t^. 6. /3ov-
XevovTO, 6Vft)9 ai^ /caXXtcrra Sta^Sate^. 7. /cat oure
ovre Odifjai avrco eSum/xe^a. 8. crot
oto~et et? TOI^ evretra
III. 1. And accordingly Cyrus went up on the
mountains. 2. For it will not be possible to pur-
chase food. 3. He halted the soldiers. 4. Cyrus
halted. 5. They kept filling the skins with grass. 9
6. Having said this he mounted his horse and rode
away.
IV. 1. He was not able to sleep. 2. You must 10
cross the river. 3. Here he collected an army.
4. And they raised them up. 5. But then these
cities had revolted 11 to Cyrus. 6. For if he should
go up on the mountains, I should follow.
7
98 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
NOTES.
1 In this and the next three Lessons analyze with care, according to the
directions given in note 1, Lesson XXXIX. For the accent of the Present In-
finitive and Present Participle Active, cf. 26, N. 3, (1) and (2).
2 In the Active voice the Second Aorist foTyv, I stood, Perfect eVr^/ca, /
am standing, Pluperfect effrriKeiv, I was standing, and Future Perfect to-r^w
( 120, 3, N.), / shall stand, are intransitive, a distinction that prevails also in
the numerous compounds of this verb.
3 Cf. 108, 9, N. The Perfect and Aorist Passive, ptpaftai and epde-rjv,
occur only in composition.
* 102, 1, N.
5 Cf. 103, at the end before the N.
6 The first Aorist Active is irregularly formed without characteristic on the
strengthened stem eveyK-. The Perfect Active ( 104) follows the analogy of
the cases in 109, 1. The Second Aorist Active is, by syncopation of the
second e (with euphonic change, 16, 5), for -fjv-fveK-ov, a reduplicated form
(ev-eveK-ov before receiving the augment).
7 103.
8 Literally, as they iccre alia most quickly, \. c. as quickly as possible. This
is the origin of the use of on and ws explained in note 4, Lesson XXXIV.
* 172, 2.
10 XPi
11 Pluperfect Active of d
LESSON XLTI,
Verbs: Regular in Ml (continued), rl
GRAMMAR: 126, 2, the inflection of r l6j)ni through-
out. 1 125, 1 and 2. Bead 125, 1, notes 1 and 2. In
126, 1, read the first and second paragraphs, learn the
synopsis of T idtj pi, and in the notes learn its principal
parts. 2 Head with care 127, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, and N. 1.
68, declension of Ti^e/?.
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 99
Yocabulary.
Sccu, 3 Srfcra), ZSrjo-a, Se'Se/ca, SeSe/xat,
St/cTj, -779, rj, right, justice,
penalty.
UKJV ', sec. aor. (pouyov, to eat.
/cwo9, 6 or 77, a dog.
), 6 TrXeucro/Aat or TrXeucrov/xat,
eTrXeucra, TreVXeu/ca, TreTrXeucr/Aat, /o ftZ2/.
cr(f)d\\a) (cr(f>a\-), crt^aXw, ecr^r^Xa, /<9 /nj?; w/;, /o
ecr^>aX/x,at ; sec. aor. pass. cr(f)d\.r)v, deceive.
<^0/3o9, -OU, 6, (&poft.at, to Jlee affrighted] fear, fright.
etc. reg. /6> fe//.
Exercises.
I. 1. eTTt^crerat 77/11^. 2. /cat /ceXeuoucrt
T<r#ai, /IT) u/xt^ eVt^w^rat 7775 vvKros 1 ol fidpfiapoi.
3. rr)^ SiKrjv ^prj^co eVt^ei^at avro). 4. TOUTOU?
Se e/ceXeve OecrOai ra oir\a Trepl TTJV avrov
f). dXX' ot oKLyov eSrySo/core? cr^>o8pa
ew/cecra^. 8 6. /cat iarpovs KarecrTYjcrav OKTO). 7. /cat
OLKLOLV Ov8efJLLOLV eXtTTC^, OTTW? <^)O/8o^ Iv0irj TOt?
aXXot?. 8. OU/CCTI TTriOevTo oi TroXe/xtoi rot?
/3aLvovcrL, SeSotfcdrec ^T) d
II. 1. fcai eV rafet Oepevoi ra 6VXa crvvrjXOov oi
i /cat Xo^ayot irapa 'Ayatator. 2. rou9
100 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
avTov e/ceXeucre /xet^at, ra? acrTrt'Sas Trpo? ra
ras r)p,tpas StSecicrt. 4. /cat /carecrr^ et? TT)^ /3acrt-
Xeiciv *ApTdpys. 5. rot? reXeuratots cireffevTo,
/cat ciTre'/cretz'dV nvas. 6. /cat l^f^avre^ ets vrXoto^,
/cat ra TrXetorou afta eV^e'/xez'ot, aTreVXeLxraf.
III. 1. But the hoplites stood under arms. 2. Let
us, therefore, go up on the hill. 3. He will inflict
punishment on them. 4. They are about to attack
us. 5. They halted under arms near the general's
tent. 6. They grounded arms beside the river.
IV. 1. I fear that he may take 9 me and inflict
punishment on (me). 2. And having said this he
arose. 3. The army will go up 9 on the hill and
attack the enemy. 4. Let us appoint other generals.
NOTES.
1 Cf. note 1, Lesson XLV.
2 On the form of the simple stem in the Aorist Passive, cf. 17, 2, x.
3 There is a rare form of the Present, did-rj/j-i, inflected like Ti0Tj/j.i.
* The Future is formed without characteristic. In the Perfect Active the
stem &>- appears in the form I8o-. The addition of to the simple stem (as in
the Perfect and Aorist Passive) is common. Cf. note 4, Lesson XL. Cf. also
$ 113, N. 1.
5 The vocative singular is Ktiov. All other cases than the nominative and
vocative singular arc formed from the stem KVV-.
6 A verb of the second class ( 108, 2), to which class are admitted six verbs
with vowel stems. The ev of this lengthened stem before vowels became F,
from which the F finally was dropped. Cf. for a similar case, 53, 3, N. 1.
On the second form of the Future, cf. note 9, Lesson XXXIX.
7 179, 1.
8 The Pluperfect (in the sense of the Imperfect) of &HKO, to be like.
9 Cf. Lesson XL., IV. 4, and the note.
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 101
LESSON XLYII.
Verbs: Regular in MI (continued)) 878a>/tu;
GRAMMAR : Repeat the references of the last Lesson, sub-
stituting SiSwfjut, for T/0?7/-u. But on the declension of
81801/5, cf. 08, N.
Vocabulary.
aXur/co//,at(aX-, dXaj-), aXwcro/>ta(,, eaXo;/ca
yiyvo)(TK(D (yva*-), yvcocro^ai, eyvatKa,
eyvaj&iJiaL, lyvoja'Orfv; sec. aor. eyvajv, to KNOW.
epwraaj," -rycrw, etc. rcg. /o inquire.
OVO-'LCL, -a9, 17, (^M sacrifice.
7ri7Tpd<TKa) (irpa-),* TreVpa/ca, TreV^a/xat,
rfi', to sell.
-r^crw, etc. rcg. A? deprive.
, -aro?, TO, (ffw-rie^C) an agreement,
a password.
crw/xa, -aro 5, TO, //^<? body.
Exercises.
I. 1. SiSwo't Se avTw KCpo? pvpiovs Sa
2. /xeTa TauTa eSiSoTo Xeyeiv TO) /SovXo/xeVfo). 3. eV-
roLvOa Se ptvovcnv, lav ^TJ Tt? avToi? ^prj^ara StSw.
4. f)pa>T(*)i> CAcet^ot, ei 4 Solei^ az^ TOVTOJV ra Triara.
5. /cat Sou^ai /cat XaySetz' 7Tto~Ta e^eXo/xe^. 6. /cat
102 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
/IT) e/cScure /xe. 7. avayvovs rr^v I
wKpaTtL. 8. KOL tTTTrot ^Xojcrai' ts 5
et/cocrt, /cat TI crKrjvr) eaXw.
II. 1. TrapaScWe? 8' az/ ra oVXa /cat ra)z/ crcu/za-
o-Tp7]0Lr)p,6v. 2. ov yap eycoy eVt Trptcrfiv-
ecrojLiat, eai^ T'/jpepov TrpoSw e^avrov rot? 7ro\-
3. TavTtL'Kcti crecrwoTai St' V/AOLS T?} CTTparia
/cat ^aocS/S^/it GOTO, cyw u/xt^, u/xet? Se SiaOe^evoi
StaSore T?5 crrparta. 4. d/coucra^re? raura, icat
Sefta? Sd^re? /cat Xa/3cWes, aTnjXavvov. 5. eaz/ rts
aXw tvSov ro)v <TTpaTio)T(s)v, TTtTrpdcreTaL. 7 6. TTpa-
<T0ev av cLTro9dvoLiL.v rj ra oVXa TrapaSot^/xez^.
III. 1. And they gave the village-chief (liberty 8 )
to take this. 2. And he did not pay them. 9 3. And
they bound 10 the guide and gave (him) over to them.
4. But the soldiers knew this. 5. They gave the
Greeks a barbarian spear.
IV. 1. But when the sacrifice had been made, 11
they gave over the hides to the Spartan. 2. And
they said (it was) time 13 to pass along the watchword.
3. And she was said to have given 13 much money to
Cyrus. 4. They proceeded with u the captured man
(as) guide.
NOTES.
- x The Second Aorist is inflected like that of yiyvdxrKU, 127, N. 1. Note
further that a\i<rKo/j.ai serves as a passive to aipe'w.
2 The Aorist generally in use in this sense in Attic is 7)pQ/j.Tji> from
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 103
The Attic uses a-jroduao/Jicu arid a.irtt>wv in Future and Aorist.
282, 4.
About.
174.
Future Perfect of trnrpdcrKU.
Cf. I. 2.
Greek idiom, <&W not give them pay.
10 Cf. note 17, Lesson XXXIX.
11 When ...had been made, tweid rj... tytvcro.
12 tipa.
Use the Aorist Infinitive, 260, 2, and cf. note 1, Lesson XXXVII.
LESSON XLYIII.
Verbs: Regular in MI (continued],
GRAMMAR: 126, 2, the inflection of BGLKW/JLL through-
out. 1 125, 1 and 2. Head 125, notes 1 and 2. In
126, 1, read the first and second paragraphs, learn the
synopsis of SeiKvvfAt, and in the note learn its principal
parts. Read with care 127, 1, 4, 5, and 6. 68, de-
clension of Set,Kvv<i.
Vocabulary.
'o>, -e'wf a, -ewX a > Vx/ xat > ^ o^/fc ?^, /6>
open.
a7r-dXXu/xt(6X-),-oXw,-ajXecra,-oX(wXffa; /o destroy utter-
sec. perf. -dXwXa, ^o #<? undone; sec. aor. ^, /<9 LOSC :
mid. -coXduTir, mid. to perisll.
t, 8 ei//o/iat, icnro^-qVy to follow.
4 (wy-), ^evgoj, e&vga, e^eu-
y/xat, It^v^Briv ; sec. aor. pass, e'^uy^, to yoke, to join.
104 FIKST LESSONS IN GREEK.
w, Sucrw, etc. reg.; sec. aor. to make to Sink cloiCft,
to sink.
yyvvfJii* (vray-), TTIJ^O), 7rr)a;
sec. perf. TTeTT^ya, ^o be Jixed ;
sec. aor. pass. eTTCtyTp, to JlX, to freeze.
-fjiLy vvfji L (fji iy-} , G -/xtf ^w, -e/i if a,
; sec. aor. p.
to MINGLE 7^z7^.
o), -Tjcra), etc. reg. (rifjuap&s, to help, to avenge : mid.
upholding honor, helping, fr. rt/x?/ and /# ^/-'^ VCH(JCCUlCe
6w, /o punish,
Exercises.
I. 1. aXX^Xot? o-vfJLiJuyvvaLcriv. 2. aXXoi? eT
SeiAc^v^rai. 3. /cat dz^e/xo? tvavTios eirvei
rous avO ptoTTOvs* 4. aTreSetfa^ro ot /xa^ret? vra
^^cf]v. 5. /caracr^tcro/xe^ ra? TrvXa?, et yucir) e/co^re?
. 6. TroXXa rair vTrotpyiaiv aTrcoXero VTTO
\ifjiov. 7. (SiKaiov 1 yap a-TToXXucr^at rou? liTLop-
KOVVTOLS. 8. /cat aTTore/xo^re? ra? /ce^aXa? rai^
, 7r8eiKvvcrav rot? IGLVTWV TroXe/xtot?.
II. 1. Kat GLVTOV T aTTOKTivvvacTL feat rou? aXXou?
. 2. TO v8a>p, o l<f)epovTO eVt Setvn'oz', eV^-
. 3. ye(f)vpa Se CTT^ e^euy/xeV^ TrXotot? eTrra.
4. TOU? a^8pa? aurou? aTroXcoXe/care. 5. ot cru^e-
aL7ra)\a)\6crav. 6. a>o~re wa 1 /cat o~ot 77t-
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 105
III. .1. They show the soldiers the tracks of the
horses. 2. Hereupon he expresses his opinion.
3. They showed their plan to the soldiers. 4. He
showed himself. 5. We will utterly destroy your
army, if you attempt to proceed. 6. The wind is
freezing the beasts of burden.
IV. 1. Some one sneezes. 2. When he heard
this, 8 he sank down in shame. 9 3. Two companies
of the army perished. 4. For the seers had de-
clared 10 that there would be a battle. 11
NOTES.
1 26, N. 3, (1) and (2).
2 Also dv-oiyvv/jii. Imperfect avtuyov, 103, at the end.
3 Stem (Ten--. Cf. Lat. sequor. k-air-b\j.i]v is for e-o-
4 108, 9, N.
6 There are two forms of the Present, 5i5u> and Sfou : the first, transitive ; the
second, intransitive. All the forms of the Middle, with the Perfect and Second
Aorist Active, are also intransitive, to sink dov/m.
6 There is another form of the Present, /x.t<r7co (for plyvKui), of class six.
* SC. 4<TTl'.
8 277, 1.
9 vird with the genitive. Cf. further, 141, N. 1, (6).
10 98, 1.
11 That... would be, 6Yi...ft7rcu.
LESSON XLIX,
Verbs: Irregular in MI, eJ/At, et/At, and
GRAMMAR: 129, with I., II., and IV. 1 27, with 3.
28, with 1, 2, 3, and N. 1.
106 FIRST LESSONS IN GKEEK.
Vocabulary.
, -as, 17, (#/)os 2 ) lack of resources,
difficulty.
Septet, -aro?, TO, (&pw, to flay) a hide.
Oopvfios, -of, 6, a noise, an uproar.
Kpavyjj, -775, 77, (KP&&, to cry) an outcry, a shoid.
-as, 77, (^T^, a robber; cf.
eta) robbery.
-175, 17, spear, properly
spear-head.
, -aro?, TO, (rtrpwo-Acw) # wound.
(j)\Vapia, -a?, ^, (QMapos, babbling) s'lllytalk: V\w.fool-
eries, nonsense.
Exercises.
I. 1. ZJiev, elev av, ICTTI, eTo-i, tcr^t, iTMcrav, eT,
, to~t, Wt, teVcu, &)^, Tjecrav, tivai,
ecrTat, loi^ev av, tacrt, tw/xe^, T^TC. 2. TrapecrTLv S*
07/^1^, e^, 6 Krjpv. 3. icat Xeyerat a>5 icaXol 77X01
etcrt^ et? TT)Z^ 'EXXaSa. 4. aXX* lyci
(ftXvapias el^at. 5. ^/^et?, ^ o~a)<j)pov(t)fjiv,
kvrtvOev. 6. v/iet? Se OUK: T^TC ets T^Se T^P ytopoiv.
7> \ O\ > vj 4 >/ o e C.> ^ v\ > \
. CO/TO? oe OVK (f>rj icvai. 8. CD? o 771^ 17X105 CTTI
Suo"/xat5, aveo'Trjcrav. 9. eyw ow (frrjfju u/xa? xpfjvcu
&La/3rji>ai. 10. c^^crl 8e, ai^ TT^OS CAcer^o^ TTJTC, e3
FIRST LESSONS IN GEEEK. 107
II. 1. KOL \a/3eiv auro? 5 rpavfjid (frrjcnv. 2. et
etcretcrt, (TvXX^^^crerat. 3. XeyeYw TI ecrrat rot?
4. XT)^ SiKrjv e(j)r) ^p
5. eSd/cei yap 15 TYJV kiriovcrav ea>'
ySacrtXea. 6. ri? yci/) aura) 7 tcrTiv ocrrts
~ ~ \ >? *
7. ^v^ fte^ ou^ aTTire,
ro^ av8pa ' OTCLV 8* eya> fceXeucra),
TT)^ K pier us.
III. 1. They come on with a great shout. 8
2. Come now ! 3. Let us go to the men. 4. They
denied that there was 9 another road. 5. Let the
hoplites be at hand with their arms. 6. They
stacked 10 arms and went to their tents.
IV. 1. No one went away to the king. 2. Por
what herald will be willing to go? 3. You got 11
your living by 12 robbery, as you yourself said.
4. They refused to go. 5. But (while) saying this,
he heard a noise going through the ranks.
NOTES.
1 Note the simple stem of each verb carefully.
2 For the derivation of this word, see the general vocabulary.
3 200, N. 3, at the end.
4 OVK 2<|>Ti, refused, declined.
B For the case of at)r6s, which modifies the subject of \afieiv, cf. 138, N. 8.
6 42, 2, N.
7 To be construed with avrnroielTai. Cf. 173, N., first example, and
186, N. 1.
8 188, 1.
9 Cf. I. 7. n TJse i?x-
10 Cf. note 17, Lesson XXXIX. 12 dird.
108 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
LESSON L.
Verbs: Irregular in MI (continued), ty pi and
GRAMMAR: 129, III. and V.
Vocabulary.
, -77 or -05, -ov, deserted, empty.
/xeXeracu, -rjo~aj, -770*0,,
(/j.e\u, to be a care to) to Care/Or, to practise.
jjir)vva>, -VCTCD, etc. reg. to disclose, to make known.
-175, 77, victory.
VVKTOS, rj, NIGHT.
, -ov, 6, (OIKOS) a domestic, a servant.
i)<)pa)V, -0)V, -OV, (<TWS,
safe, sound, and 4>pr)v} SO Ulld -minded, 10186.
MV, ~&VQ* t rj, snoiv.
Exercises.
I. 1. 1771^ av, .av r)T6, Ire, ei^re av, rjcrav,
^V, ievai, llvai, et^at, e/iez'o?, IcjfJLeOa, luv,
15, e?, tero, ecrra), rjcrTe, tcrOa), elcra^. 2. ws eTSe rov
o-TpaTyyov SieXavvovTa, lycri rrj a^ivy. 3. TOVTOV
Se, TJV crajfipovfJTe, rr)V VVKTOL fjiev S^crere, rrjv 8e
r)fjLpav a^TJcreTe. 4. KOL OKTOJ ol apiO~TOL TOJV irepl
OLVTOV KLVTO 77* CLVTO). 5. TjV 8e TO TCl^O? O>KO-
SofjLrjiJievov 7r\iv6oi<$ oTrrai? tv acr^dXra) Ki{JLvaL$.
6. evOvs IZ.VTO dva) Kara TTJV <f>avepav o$6v. 1. ol
FIRST LESSONS IN GKEEK. 109
Se 7ro\fJiiOL Setcra^re? TIKOLV eaurous Kara rrjs ^10^05
vaTrriv. 8. TrpwTov ro> Xo^w ^o$ TO>V *Ap-
o-TpaTrjyaiv airiovn 1787; eis TO crvyKLfJLevoi>
II. 1. te^ro, cocrnep av Spa/^tot rts
2. ou/c TJOe\e rov? (^evyo^ra? TrpoicrOai. 3. e/>te-
Xerojt' To^eveiv ava) ra rofeu/xara te^re? paKpav.
4. eV p.eo-0) 'yap TjSr) /cetrai raGra ra ayaOa. 5. ac
Se ySaXa^ot rw^ fyoivlKtov, ota? ei^ rot? r/ EXX^crt^ ecrrt^
tSetz^, rot5 OL/cerat? a,7re/ct^ro. 6. /ecu CTTCI rip^avro
aLLveiv 77/305 rou? dXXou? e^^a ret 6VXa e/cetro,
817 ot TroXe/itot TroXXw 6opv/3a).
III. 1. Straightway they rushed into the boats.
2. But many were lying outstretched. 3. But they
let their dogs loose by night. 1 4. Why do I lie
inactive? 5. If you will make known the one who
let the ass loose, 2 you shall receive a reward. 6. But
when the trumpet sounded, they charged upon the
enemy.
IV. 1. But we are lying inactive. 2. Thence
they proceeded to a large deserted fortress, lying near
the city. 3. But saying, 3 "I see the man/' he rushed
at him. 4. He sends to him accordiijg to agreement. 4
NOTES.
, 161. 2 276, 2. 3 Aorist.
4 Greek idiom, according to the (tilings) agreed upon.
110 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
LESSON LI.
Verbs: Second Perfect and Pluperfect of the MI Form.
GKAMMAR: 130, 1 and 2.
Yocalmlary.
ay<*)v, -&Ws, 6, (ayw) an assembly, games,
a contest.
pw, etc. reg. to begin, to rule.
', 1 -ou, TO, a tree.
SiSacr/cco (SiSa^-), SiSaf<u, etc. reg. to teach.
Si/caios, -a or -os, -oi/, (SiK-n) just, rigid.
eXevOepia, -as, 17, (freMepos, free) freedom, liberty.
ot^cro/xat, OL^cuKa or
fo be gone.
ta, -as, 17, (<nW*xos, ffv^axofj-ai} an alliance.
Exercises.
I. 1. ecrrao~a*>, eo-r^cra^, crrw/xe^, ecrrai/Ae^, la-Ta-
re, (7T7JTt, (TTOieV OLV, ICTTOLIVTO OLV, tO~T, eO"T6, tT,
tcr^t, etSa>/Aw, etSeVat, teVat, 07 Set, ^it. 2. T0va>-
T0,9 2 TToXXo^S evpTJCTOi). 3. OUK ICTTe, O Tt TTOtCtTe.
4. dXXa IOVTOJV, etSores ort KOLKLOVS eto~t Trept 17/^0,9,
Trept e/cetz^ou?. 5. Kal ^ui' Suo KCL\O> T
a) a^Spe rtOvarov. 6. oi TToXe/iiot ^/xai^ ov/c
to-acrt 7TO) TT)^ ^/xerepaz^ (rv^a^iav. 7. crvvoiba
TTOLVTOL ei//euo~/ieVos 3 avTov. 8. feat aXXot Se
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. HI
e<eo"racraj> ea) TOOTS SeVSpcuz' ov yap r)v do~<aXes
eV rots SeVS/oois eo-rd^at 7rXeToj> 4 ^ ro^
II. 1. OTTO;? Se /cat etS^re et? otbz>
eya> v/jtct9 etSws StSafa). 2. Trapfjv Se 6 cra-
PovXofJievos etSeVat rt Trpa^OyjoreraL. 3. ou
yap 7^Seo~a*> avrov TeOvrjKOTa. 5 4. ort jneVrot dSt-
/c etcr^at i^o/it^et v<^>' uftaiz/ otSa. 5. r&I Se di^Spt
Tretcro/xat tVa etS^re ort /cat apyeo-Oai eTTtcrra/iat.
6. /cat {wi^rds Tti>a9 OLVTMV 7rpov6vfJiTJOr}iJiev
avrov TOVTOV eVe/ca, OTTOJ? ^ye/xdcrt^ etSdcrt TT)^
III. 1. For I know where 6 they are gone.
2. Some 7 are dead, and the rest are being besieged.
3. He wept a long 8 time standing. 4. But he at
once drives away those standing around. 9 5. Cyrus
kept finding many pretexts, as you also well know.
6. For well know that I should prefer freedom.
IV. 1. Know this, however. 2. For he knew
this. 3. Whether, then, I shall do what is just, 10
I do not know. 4. I am not willing to go, fearing 11
that he may take me and inflict punishment on (me).
NOTES.
1 See the general vocabulary. 6 8irt|. 7 143, 1.
2 69, N. 8 iroXvs.
3 That I have deceived, 280, with N. 2. 9 276, 2.
* A greater (number), neuter singular ac- 10 What is just, Greek idiom,
cusative, subject of effrdvai. just (things).
5 Thai he had died (lit. him having died). u 8e8is.
112
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
LESSON LII.
Verbs: Principal Parts of Important Verbs, arranged alpha-
betically according to their Simple Stems. 1
GRAMMAR: 32, 2, with N. 92, with N.
107, entire. 108, entire.
Give the principal parts of th
the formation of the present st
classifying them according to 108:
'AITEA-,
'AMAPT-,
BA-,
BAA-,
TEN-,
111.
ajxapTcivw,
(Baivw,
cXavva),
AEIK-,
AO-,
APAM-, 0PEX-,
'EA-, AI'PE-,
"EAA-,
'EAY0-, 'EPX-,
'ENEK-, ^EP-, OI'- r
'EII-, 'EF-, tlTTOV,
'E2-,
EY'P-,
ZYF-,
0AN-,
0E-,
'I',
'IA-, 'OPA-, 'OH-,
'IK-,
KTEN-,
t F ,
:rhs that follow,
explaining
from the simple
08:
stem, and
to (onto/Dice:
XLTT. 2
to err :
XXXIX.
to (jo :
XLV.
1<t I /iron." :
XL 1 1.
to become. :
XL.
to KNOW :
XLVII.
to x/toiv :
$ 12f>, 1, N.
to yive :
126, 1, N.
to ni)i :
XLTI.
to scud:
129, III.
to take :
XLI.
to drive, to march :
XX.
to f/o, to come :
XLT.
to BEAR :
XLV.
/ said :
XLIV.
to he :
121), I. 3
to find:
XL.
to join :
XLVIII.
to die :
XLIV.
to bury :
XLI.
to put :
f 126, 1, N.
to f/o :
$ 129, 11 *
to see :
XLV.
to come :
XL.
to kill:
XLIV.
NOTES.
1 When there are two or more simple stems essentially different ( 108, 9),
that of the Second Aorist is given first.
2 The numeral following the colon designates the Lesson, in the vocabulary
FIRST LESSONS IN GEEEK.
113
of which the principal parts of the verb are given,
to the Grammar.
3 Give the Present, Future, and Imperfect.
4 Give the Present and Imperfect.
Sometimes the reference is
LESSON LIII.
Verbs: Principal Parts of Important Verbs (continued).
GRAMMAR : Heview the Grammar of the last Lesson and
follow the directions there given.
AAB-,
AA0-,
AEF-,
AEF-,
AIH-,
MA0-,
MNA-,
OIT-,
'OA-,
IIA0-, IIEN0
IIET-, IITft-,
ni0,
IIAA-,
IIY0-,
2EX-,
2TA-,
2TEA-,
TEM-,
TEN-,
TPfl-,
TYX-,
4>AN-
'E20I-, 'EA-,
Xci}j.f3dv<i>,
to take :
XXXIX.
XavOdvw,
to lie //id from :
XLIV.
Xry&>,
to say :
XV 11 1.i
Xe'^w,
to (/at/ter :
XLV.
XCITTO),
to LEAVE:
XXXIX.
p.av9dvu),
to learn :
XXXIX.
p.L|XVT)0-KU>,
to remind:
XXIX.
ofyw|u,
to open :
XLV II I.
5XXv|Uj
to destimy :
XLV 1 11.
irdo- \a> t
to s/ij/'er :
XL.
TTlTTTft),
to fall:
XL.
-TT6L0CO,
to persuade :
XLIV.
irtfiirXT]|JLt,
to fill:
XLV.
TTuvOdvojiai,
to learn by inquiry :
XL.
^X w >
to have :
XXXIX.
to-r^fii,
to set, to place :
$ 126, 1,N. 2
trreXXw,
to send :
XLII.
T|JLVW,
to cut :
XLIV.
Ttva>,
to stretch :
XLII.
nrpwo-KO),
to wound:
XLIV.
TVYXO-VW,
to happen :
XXXIX.
6CT0LW,
to EAT :
XLVI.
4>aivw,
to show :
XLII.
^ev-y 40 *
to flee:
XXXIX.
a>6w,
to push :
XLIV.
NOTES.
1 For the Perfect Active, efpTj/ca is used. Cf. elirov. In composition, the
Perfect Passive is sometimes -ei\fy/j.ai, as in 5i-ei'Xe7,ucu, 7 have conversed, from
dia-\tyo/jiai. 2 Add the Second Aorist.
114 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
LESSON LIT.
Formation of Words.
1. SIMPLE AND COMPOUND WORDS. A word is either simple, i. e.
formed from a single stem : X6yo-s, speech (stem Xc-y-), "YP<M>- W , to write
(stem Ypcu|>-) ; or compound, i. e. formed from two or more stems :
Xo-yo--ypd(}>o-s, writer of speeches.
A. Formation of Simple Words.
2. VERBALS AND DENOMINATIVES. Words formed immediately from
a verb-stem are called verbals : opx-^ beginning, from the stem of &pX-">
to begin. Those formed immediately from a noun-stem or adjective-stem
are called denominatives: dpxa-io-s, original, from the stem of apx^
(dpxa-), beginning.
3. SUFFIXES. Most nouns and adjectives, whether verbals or denomi-
natives, are formed by means of endings added to the stem, called suffixes.
Thus \o-y-o-s, from the verb-stem Xe-y-, by means of the suffix o; apxa-to-s,
from the noun-stem apx a - by means of the suffix to. These suffixes
were originally significant, and their union with the stem gives occasion
to many euphonic changes.
REMARK. Accent. As a rule neuter nouns are recessive in accent, i. e.
they throw their accent as far back as the last syllable permits (this is always
the case in the third declension), Xvrpov, ransom, iroiT]|ia, poem. The place
of the accent of masculine and feminine nouns will be pointed out, wherever
possible, in the following enumeration of suffixes.
I. Principal Suffixes used in the Formation of Nouns.
4. 1. Many verbals (properly abstracts, expressing the action of the
verb, but actually having a wide range of meaning) are formed with the
suffixes :
a. o, nom. o-s, masc. : Xoy-o-s, speech, from Xey-o>, to speak.
. a, nom. a or i\ t fern. : ypa(p-r), writing, from ypd<p-a>, to write.
2. The AGENT (in denominatives the person who has to do with some
object) is expressed by the following suffixes :
a. 6v, i. e. F, nom. eu-s, masc. (oxytone) : Kovp-fv-s, barber, from
Kfip-o)(Kfp-}, to shave ; ypa/z/iar-ev-y, secretary, from -ypa/z/iar-a,
documents.
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. H5
/3. Tt]p, nom. TTJP, masc. (oxytoue in verbals) : Xu TT/P, deliverer,
from Xv-to, ^0 /oow.
y. rapa, uom. Tipa, fern, (with recessive accent) : Xv-reipa, deliverer,
from XU-G>, #o /pose.
8. rop, nom. Tp, masc. (recessive) : aK-rtop, leader, from ay-co, /o
e. ra, nom. Ttj-s, masc. (generally oxytone in verbals) :
dancer, from op^e-o-fiot, to </#<?<? ; tTTTro-ny-y, horseman, from
ITTTTO-S, horse.
rpia, nom. rpia, fern, (recessive) : op^^-o-r/jta, dancing-girl, etc.
17. rpt8, nom. rpi-s, fern, (oxytone in verbals) : opxrj-ff-rpt-s, dandiig-
girl, etc.
^. ri8, nom. TI-S, fern.: Trpo^-Tt-y, prophetess, from irpa<pr)-p.i, to
foretell ; OIKS-TI-S, house iiKilil, from OIKO-S, house.
3. The ACTION is expressed by the following suffixes (belonging to
verbals only) :
a. TI, nom. TI-S, fern.: TTVO-TI-S, inquiring, from Trvvdav-opai (-rrvd-),
to inquire.
/3. <rt, nom. <ri-s, fern.: Xv'-o-i-r, loosing, from XU-G>, to loose.
y. <ria, nom. <rid, fern. : Qvo-ia, sacrificing, from 6v-a), to sacrifice.
8. |Jio, nom. f^o-s, masc. (oxytone) : at-<r-fjios, shaking, from aei'-o),
^o shake.
4. The RESULT of an action is expressed by the suffixes (in verbals
only) :
a. |MIT, nom. fia, neut. : 7roi7/-/ua, poem, from Trote-to, to make.
/3. es, nom. os, ucut. : -yej^-os, offspring, from yi-yv-op.ai (yev-}, to be
born.
5. The INSTRUMENT or MEANS of an action is expressed by :
a. rpo, nom. rpo-v, neut. : \ov-rpo-v, water for bathing, from Xoi5-a>,
to wash.
G. The PLACE is expressed by :
a. TTjpio, nom. -rrjpio-v, neut. (in verbals only) : epycKr-rrjpto-v, work-
shop, from epya^-ojuai (epyaS-), to work.
/3. eio, nom. io-v, neut. (properispomenon and in denominatives
only) : Kovp-e"io-v, barber-shop, from Kovpfv-s, barber.
y. wv, nom. wv, masc. (oxytone and in denominatives only) : iTrn-a>v,
stall, from Imro-s, horse.
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
7. Nouns expressing QUALITY are formed from adjective-stems by the .
following suffixes :
a. TTJT, nom. TI]-S, fern.: dypio-rrj-s, wildness, from aypio-s, wild.
/3. <rwa, nom. crvvi\, fem. : dcppo-o-vvr), senselessness, from a(ppa>i',
y. ta, nom. ia, fem. : xax-ta, badness, from KCIKO-S, ^f/.
8. cs, nom. os, neut. : ra^-oy, swiftness, from ra^u-s, s^z/.
8. DIMINUTIVES are formed from noun-stems by the suffixes:
a. 10, nom. io-v, neut.: aeo/nar-io-i/, small body, from aa>p.a
/3. WTKO, nom. ICTKO-S, masc. (paroxytone) : TrcuS-urKo-s, young boy,
from Trais (TraiS-), boy.
y. unca, nom. IO-KTJ, fem. (paroxytone) : Kop-io-K 77, young girl, from
Kap-rj, girl.
9. PATRONYMICS (nouns which express descent from a father or an-
cestor) are formed from proper names of persons by the suffixes :
a. 8a, nom. 8^-s, masc. (paroxytone) : Bopea-Sr/-?, son of Boreas, from
Bope'a-s, North Wind ; IIpia/x-t-5?;-s, A-OW of Priam, from Ilpia/xo-s 1 ,
Priam ; TuSe-t'-Sq-s-, 50 o/ Tydeus, from TuSev-s, Tydeu,*.
/3. 8, nom. s, fem. (oxytone) : Gearta-?, daughter of Thestius, from
eeo-Tio s, Thestius ; Etpia/i-i-y, daughter of Priam, etc.
REMARK. 1. These suffixes are added directly to stems of the first declen-
sion.
2. Stems of the second declension in 10 change this to ia.
3. All other stems take t as a connecting -vowel, before which o of the second
declension is dropped. Those in ev lose v before this u
10. GENTILES (nouns which designate a person as belonging to some
people or country] have the following suffixes :
a ev, nom. ev-s, masc. (oxytone) : 'Eperpi-eu-s, Eretrian, from 'Epe-
rpta, Eretria.
/3. TO,, nom. TT]-S, masc. (paroxytone) : 'HrretptoTrj-s, Epirote, from
"Hnftpo-s, Epirus.
Exercises.
I. Give the meaning of the following nouns and show their formation :
1. P-^X 1 !- 2. -yovevs 1 (yiyvon.cn., st. -yez/-, to be born}. 3. pTJrwp 2 (st.
pe-, seen ill eip^KCi, (ppr]6r)v). 4. iroii^Tpia. 2 5. (Jujx-qo-is 2
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. H7
to imitate}. 6. irpd-yna. 7. SiKao-r/jpiov 3 (IKOO>, st. SiKaS-, to judge.
8. djJiircXwv 4 (dp.7reXoy, vine). 9. iraxvTTjs (Tra^uy, thick). 10. Ktjiriov 4
(KfjTTos, garden). 11. iraiSCo-KT). 12. AlvcidSrjs. 13. Meyapeus. 4
11. Xo-yciov. 15. dvSpwv. 16. Tjj.t]jJia 2 (re/ii/a>, st. re/x-, T/if-, /0 ##.
17. Xa-xos (XayxaW, st. Xa^-, /<? ^ y lot). 18. <rtt<J>po<rwii 5 (o-a><p<oi>,
st. <ra(f)pov-, discreet). 19. cvSaifJtovia. 20. pdOos ((3a6vs, deep).
21* <j>vXaKTJ. 22. irop6|ivs 4 (Trop^/xos, ferry). 23. crwreipa ((roo^a),
st. o-w-, ^o save). 24. &vKT\*ri\<s* (a\>\e<i), to play the flute). 25.
26. y* V<ri s G (yiyvoftatf st. ye^-, ^o 6e born). 27. Xo-yi<rji6s T
st. XoyiS-, /o calculate). 28. Xvrpov. 29. MOIJO-CIOV". 30. IO-^TTJS
equal). 31. #voia 4 (ei/Vouy, st. evvoo-, well-disposed). 3"2. Bopcds (Bopeay,
M^ JVorM 7^>/). 33. 0<rrvd8Tis (Geo-rids, TAestius). 34. Kpovi8t]s
(Kpoi/oy. Kronen). 35. TeyeaTrjs (Teyc'a, ^//^ ^^^ of Tegea).
II. Form words with the following meanings :
1. WRITER (2, a). 2. POET* (Troiew, /o w^/ir; cf. 2, e). 3. ACTION S
(Trparra), st. Trpay-; cf. 3, 3)- 4. CHILD (TI'KTW, st. Te/c-, to bring forth ;
ci'. 4, j3). 5. PLOUGH (apoa>, to plough). 6. WINE-CELLAR 4 (6, y).
1. YouTii 9 (i/eo?, st. vfo-, young ; cf. 7, a). 8. LITTLE CHILD 9 (71-019,
St. TraiS-, <V//A/; cf. 8, a). 9. SON OF CECROPS (Kpo^, st. Kf^poTT-,
Cecropx). 10. AUDITORIUM (d*cpoao/xai, /o hear ; cf. (), a). 11. Jus-
TICE 9 (diicmos, st. Si^ato-, yW; cf. 7, ^. 12. WlSDGM 10 (cro^oy, //vV ,
cf. 7, y). 13. WEIGHT (/Sapvy, /tear//; cf. 7, 8). 14. HORSEMAN*
(2, a). 15. SAVIOUR (2, ft). 16. .FEMALE FLUTE-PLAYER* (2, 17).
17. CONSIDERATION* (o-AcfWo/zat, st. o-Kfn-, ^0 co**ider ; cf. 3,). 18. EX-
AMINATION i 7 (8oKi/jia'a>, st. 8oKip.a8-, fq c.fanibie ; cf. 3, y). 19. WAILING
(oSypo/uai, /o wail; cf. 3, S). 20. LITTLE WREATH* (orrecpai/os,
irmtlh ; of. S, /3). 21. SON OF PELEUS (II/Xi5y, st. ItyXeu-, Peletex ; cf.
1), a). 22. SON OF TANTALUS (TavraXop, Tantalus). 23. JEGINETAN 2
(Aiyiva, JEyiua; cf. 10, /3).
NOTES.
1 of tho stem often strengthens into o.
2 Vowel-stems generally lengthen the final vowel before a consonant.
3 16, 1.
4 A final vowel is often elided before a vowel in the suffix.
5 v is dropped before <r. 8 16, 2. Accent the penult.
6 Cf. note 4, Less. XL. 9 Accent the penult.
7 16, 3. 10 Accent the penult. Cf. note 4 supra.
118 FIEST LESSONS IN GREEK.
LESSON LV.
Formation of Words (continued).
A. Formation of Simple Words (continued}.
II. Principal Suffixes used in the Formation of Adjectives.
1. 1. THAT WUICH PERTAINS in any way to the noun from which
the adjective is formed is expressed by:
a. to, nom.'io-s: 8iica-io-s,jtist, from diKr) (8wca-), justice.
2. ABILITY or FITNESS (in denominatives that which pertains to the
noun from which they are derived) is expressed by :
O."KO, nom. KO-S (oxytone), generally with a connecting-vowel i:
ypafy-i-Ko-s, fitted for writing, from ypa(j>-u>,to write; TXI/-I-KO-S,
pertaining to art, from re^ir/, art.
REMARK. Many verbals insert before this ending the syllable TI : 0oiAeu-
n-Ko-3, able to plan, from ovXeu-w, to plan.
3. MATERIAL is expressed by :
a. ivo, nom. ivo-s : SpuiVos, oaken, from 8pvs (bfto-), oak.
ft. eo, nom. cos, contracted ov-s ( 43, N. 2) : xpuo-oti-s, ffolclen, from
Xpvvo-s, gold.
REMARK. But ivo, nom. ivo-s (oxytone), denotes TIME : eap-iv6-s, vernal,
from Zap, spring.
4. TULNESS or ABUNDANCE is -expressed by :
a. VT, nom. masc. i-s, fern, eero-o, neut. ev : $a>vr)-et-s, vocal, from
T;, sound of the voice.
III. Denominative Verbs.
2. Denominative verbs are formed from noun and adjective stems in
many ways. 1 he most important endings are the following :
a. o-a> ; /3. a-u) ; y. e-a> ; S. eu-w ; e. i ; f. a^-w ; 77. aiv-a ; 6. vv-w.
B. Composition of Words.
GRAMMAR : 131, 1, 2, and 3. 132, 1, 2, and 3.
Exercises.
I. Give the meaning of the following words and show their formation :
1. ovpdvios 1 (ovpavos, heareii). 2. iroXcfUKos. 3. irpaKTiKos. 4. X-
Oivos 1 (\i6os, stone}. 5. x^ <ri vos (x^s, adv., yesterday}. 6.
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
j, a wood). 1: H-io-Odw. 8. alTtdo(jiai (ama, blame}. 9.
10. Siicdci> (SiKJ/, justice). 11. XeuKcuvw (XevKoy, white). 12. aUrxvvw
(aia^oy, shame). 13. irXovo-tos 2 (n-Xotroy, wealth). 14. <J>V<TIKOS ((puo-iy,
nature). 15. dp-yvpovs. 1 16. d-yopcuos. 17. povXevw (/SovXq, /;/>/)?
18.
II. Form words with the following meanings :
1. ORIGINAL 3 (apxrj, st. ap^tt-, beginning). 2. FIT TO GOVERN
fa govern}. 3. WOODEN* (vXoi/, ^oot/y cf. 1, 3, a). 4. GRACEFUL
(xpi-y, grace). 5. To GILD (xptWy, gold ; cf. 2, a). 6. To HONOR.
7. To NUMBER (dpifytoy, number; cf. 2, y). 8. To BE KING. 9. To
SPEAK GREEK (*E\\rjv, a Greek ; cf. 2, e). 10. To BE ANGRY (x)U-
TTOS, angry; cf. 2, 77). 11. To SWEETEN (2,0).
III. Give the meaning of the following compound words and show in
what way their two parts are united 5 :
1. vavjj.axa 6 (j/uvy, a ship, /*a^, a battle). 2. xP o8l Sao-KaXos (^o-
poy, a chorm, 8i8ao-/ca>, to teach}. 3. XORW* (xP s i nyoi). 4. dvSpt-
avroiroios (ai/Spiay, statue, Troie'o)). 5. <j>tXoTip,os. 6. XiflopoXfa (Ai'0os,
A-^^, /SdXXa), /o throw}. . 7. avrdpiois (awroy, 6^ apxea), /o suffice}.
8. KaKOTjOt^s 7 (Acaxoy, ^^/(/, ^0oy, in plur., disposition}. 9.
0o/zai, /o o^y, apX"' ^ rule}. 10. XvcHirovos (Xi5a>, ?roi/oy). 11.
(i/ai)y, *^//9, rrfrywfU, St. Tray-, /O build). 12. 0^16X0705 (a^ioy, Xoyoy).
13. ofiOTpoiros (O/AOJ, /t^, rpoTroff, character). 14. fi.<rT](JLpp(a (jueVoy,
f]p.pa). 15. ryxwpios (ef, x^P a )' 1^- ^ V OS< 17. &PO.TOS (a-, /3ntW).
18. 8vo-ir6pevTos. 19. irpwroroKos (rrpwros^/irsf, TIKTO>, st. TCK-, /o bear}.
20. 6aXa<roroKpa.Tp. 21. -iratSoTp^pTis (Traty, Tpi/3a>, A) thresh, as corn).
22. Tep\|/tvoos (rfpTro), /o delight, voos, the mind). 23.
24. (JnxrioXd-yos (0u(r/.y, nature, Xoyoy). 25. <TTp\|/i8iKOs
pervert, 8iKr), justice).
NOTES.
1 Sec note 4, Lesson LIV. 2 T before t often passes into (r. Cf. also note 1.
3 Propcrispomenon. * Sec note 1. In accent, proparoxytone.
5 In determining, when there is doubt, whether the word is noun or adjec-
tive, and whether it expresses the agent, the action, or has some other meaning,
consult the genei'al vocabulary. The stffi.res of compound nouns and adjectives
are not grouped in classes as significant, as is the case in simple words. Cf.
Lesson LIV. 3.
6 The o is not added. 7 The final vowel of the stem is not dropped.
SYNTAX.
LEARN in the Grammar only the matter in the largest type, un-
less other sections are specified. Study all the examples there given,
and read any remark in smaller type that is immediately added to
the largest type or to the examples.
LESSON LYI.
Subject and Predicate. Apposition, Adjectives. The
Article.
GRAMMAR: 133-143. Omit 140 and 143, 2.
Exercises.
I. 1. rjv %x vr ) owffpdyirtov, 2. KOL e^ei rrjv 'Opov-
ra l ^vva^iv TOV TTJV ySacrtXew? OvyaTtpa e^o^ro?.
3. cScrre TO (TTpdrevfJia TrdfJLrroXv l(j)dvr). 4. TOV
opovs r) K0pv<f>rj virep avrov rov crrparev/Aaro? r\v.
5. ocra 817 iv rfj avafidcrei rfj /xera Kvpov ol
. 6. r^Se yap TYJ rj^epa* pvpiovs O
av9* e^o? KXeap^ov?. 7. 6 /xe^ TOLVT eXe^e^, ol
8e Xo^ayot CLKOVCTCLVT.S rjyelo-Oai e/ceXeuo^ Tra^re?.
8. OLKovctj Se Kaifjias el^at /caXa? ou irXeov et/cocrt
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 121
aTre^oucra?. 9. Hapvcran^ ST) rj p<i]T7]p
TOV Kvpov fjLaXXov rj TOV ySacriXeuo^ra '
. 10. VT6V0V efeXauj>ei eis KeXaiWs,
, peydXrjv KOL euSatftova. 11. dya#os 6
12. idjpv^ 4 Se rot9 ^EXX^cri crucr/ceva^ea-^at.
13. feat eTSoi^ rou? Xo(ov5 dcr^erot. 5 14. eV TT}
TrpocrOtv 7Tpocr/3o\rj oXiyoug e^w^ 6 eiraOev ouSeV.
II. 1. But the gods are judges of the contest.
2. I will carry you over, if you will bestow upon me 7
a talent (as) pay. 3. But the enemy on 8 the hill
observed their march to 9 the summit. 4. In this
pursuit many of the foot-soldiers were slain. 5. And
some proceeded and others followed. 6. But he
said 10 the expedition was against the Pisidians.
7. All urged him to go. 8. And she gave him much
money. 9. The commanders (are) safe. 10. Many
of the barbarians were upon 8 this pyramid. 11. But
there were many other villages on u this plain.
12. He put some of them to death and banished
others. 13. The general, accordingly, gave the satrap
a four-horse chariot. 14. There is in this place
a palace of the\ 2 great king.
NOTES.
1 39, genitive singular. 7 184, 1.
2 f 189. 8 ir with the genitive.
3 175, 1. 9 liri with the accusative.
4 134, N. 1, (d). 10 <|>T]jU with the Infinitive.
5 138, N. 7. u v.
6 277, 5. ^Cf. note 1, Lesson XXI.
122 F1EST LESSONS IN GEEEK.
LESSON LYII.
Pronouns,
GRAMMAR : 144 - 154.
Exercises.
I. 1. OVK ef tcrov, <5 Hei/oc^w^, 1<TJJLV' orv
yap l(j) LTTTTOV o^et, ey&) Se ^aXeTrai? Kafjiva)
dcTTTt'Sa (frepcov. 2. /ceXevet Se ot 1 cruju-Tre/xi/fat avro
rou crro/xaro? avSpas. 3. aTropou/xeVot? S'
7rpoo"rj\0 rt? a^p. 4. avro? Sefia? 80^9 3
crTpaTrjyovs. 5. ffv ovv avrojv
irlTTOLVTOLi cr^sz^Sdra?, /cat rourw Sai/xez>
apyvpiov, tcrw? rt^e? (^OLVOVVTOLI LKCLVOL i^/xa? a
6. XoiTTOZ' 4 /AOt 17761^ O7Tp /Cttl ^ijl&TOV VOfJLL^O)
7. aXXou riz'os 5 Sei Trpo? rourot? of? Xeyei. 8. opare
817 rou? CTT parrjy 'ovs, ot Sta Trtcrrew? aurot? eaurous
, ofa 6 TrtirovOao-iv. 9. irpos Se ySacrtXe'a
ov dSeX^o? wz^ 7 aurov 8o0fjvai ot 1 raura?
ra? TToXet?. 10. Ae'fiTTTroz; Se /ceXevevcrc Stacrwcra^ra
aurot? 8 ra 7rp6/3aTa, ra /te^ auroi/ 9 Xa^ei^, ra Se
<T<f)L<TLv a,7roSoD^ai. 11. ou^ a>pa ecrrtz^ ct/xeXeu>
e > ^ in -, ,-, v \ /n ^ > v 13 \ ^
rjjjLOJi' avro)v. 12. e/xeAe /x,ot OTTW? ra era /caA&j?
e^ot. 13. reKfJirjpiov Se rovrov /cat rdSe. 13 14. cru
re yap v EXX7?i> eT /cat ^/xet? rocrourot 14 ozre? ocrou?
cru opag. 15. ou? ouz/ ewpa eOeXovras Ki
TOUTOUS ap^o^ra? eVotet -^9 /carecrrpe^ero
FIRST LESSONS IN GBEEK. 123
16. KOLL SLTOLL orov rrtov TOVTOV TOV oivov
CTVV ofg 16 fJidXiorra <J)L\L<S. 17. t ovv v\)v
X$ ^? riva. XP*} U riyticrOau,, OVK av, OTTOTC ot
\0oLv, 17 /BovXevecrOaL ^juas Scot.
II. 1. / am willing to transport you. 2. For
they are now themselves burning the king's country.
3. But once the king's army 18 invaded their country. 19
4. And beside these he had (those) whom 20 the king
gave him. 5. But if any one sees another better 21
(plan), let him speak. 6. But he commanded what
soldiers he himself had to follow. 7. Having per-
suaded his own city, 22 he sailed away. 8. But they
attempted to induce him to return. 9. Wherefore
the king did not perceive the plot 23 against 24 him-
self. 10. You neither love them 25 nor (do) they 25
(love) you. 11. But with these arms we will fight
even for 26 your possessions. 12. He sent word to
the general to send back to him 27 what army he had.
13. Cyrus set out with 28 (those) whom I have men-
tioned. 14. He designated the same man (as)
general. 15. They planned these same (things).
NOTES.
1 Accented when emphatic. 8 184, 3.
2 277, 5. 9 v 145, 1.
3 Limits TovTif), 168. 10 171, 2.
4 So. fort. n 134, N. 2.
8 Something else. Cf. 172, 1. 12 Sc. Trpdyuara.
6 What they have x/ered. 13 148, N. 1.
7 $ 277, 2. $ 87, 1.
124 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
15 154, N. 22 " The of himself city," 142, 4, N. 3.
16 153, N. 1. 23 171, 2.
17 224, and 232, with 4. 24 -IT pin.
18 \ royal army." 25 Use e/ceZVos.
19 " Threw (itself) in upon (cts) them." 26 7re/oi.
20 Use 6Voy. 27 Accusative of the reflexive with Trpos.
21 Neuter singular. 5
LESSON LYIII.
Nominative, Accusative, and Vocative Cases.
GRAMMAR : 157 - 166. Omit 162.
Exercises.
I. 1. /cat eiroiov? ourw? oSrot. 2. w &avfJLacna>Ta-
re dv0pa)7re, crvyz ouSe opa)v yty^wcr/cet? ovSe d
. 3. aXX* opare, a) dvSpes, rrjv
KOL ctcre'/^eiai'. 4. Tropevd/xe^ot Se Sta
TCLVTTJS rrjs -^copa^ a^iKvovvTOLi eVl TOJ> Macrfcav Trora-
d^, TO evpos 7r\tOpiaiov. 5. ftetVaz^re? Se Tavrrjv
jLepav rfj aXXr^ 1 iTropevovro. 6. aXXa /x,a roi)?
OVK eywye aurou? Stajfa). 7. TOCTOVTOT;? yap
TOV (raTpdTrr)v. 8. rotaura rou?
ol Oeol TTOLTJCTOVO-LV. 9. Set ro*> a-rp
crOai [JiaXXov TOV 'dp^ovra f) rovs TroXe/xtov?, et /xl
<^)uXa/ca? (f>v\at;ii>. 10. fcpar terror, w Xeiptcr
lecrOai d>9 ra^tcrTa eVl TO aKpov. 11. wo~T
a (rvve/3dX\ovTO OLVTO) et? T^ Tpo<j)r)V ra>v
at TrdXets e/couo~at. 2 12. TO 8e
FIRST LESSONS IN GEEEK. 125
rcumys rrjs rafeco?. 4 13. aTreT^oi/ 7-779
ocrov OKTOJ oraSious. 14. 'Aptatos Se, 6i>
r)0\op.V ySacrtXea KaOia-rdvai, i^/xas /ca/cai? 5
Trotetz/ Tretparat. 15. KXeap^e /cat Ilpofe^e, /cat ot
aXXot ot TrapoVre? ''EXX^es, OUK tcrre o rt
II. 1. But another army was collected for him in
the following 6 manner. 2. For these have sworn
falsely by 7 the gods. 3. We will ask the general
whether he has garrisons in the cities. 4. Why do
you ask me for boats? 5. But thence they proceeded
one stage, four parasangs. 6. They wished to rob
them of their land. 7. The general has committed
a great error. 8. In the following manner, 8 there-
fore, he made 9 his levy. 9. But the Greeks pro-
ceeded safely for the rest 10 of the day. 10. But the
foundation was fifty feet 11 in height. 11. They
remained there seven days. 12. Through the middle
of the city 13 there flows a river, which is called the
Cydnus, 13 two plethra in width. 13. He was chosen
general. 14 14. This man became king. 15. What
opinion have you expressed, Socrates?
NOTES.
1 189. Sc. Wpf. 7 158, N. 2.
2 138, N. 7. 8 S.
3 rb \onrbv, henceforth, 160, 2. 9 Middle.
* 171, 1. 10 100, 2, ninth example.
5 165, N. 1. n 169, 3, first example.
6 160, 2, and 148, N. 1. 12 142, 4, N. 4.
13 " Which is called the Cydiuis,". i. e. " Cyduus in name."
14 166, N. 2, second paragraph.
126 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
LESSON LIX.
Genitive Case.
GRAMMAR: 167-172. Add 167, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.
Exercises.
I. 1. eVt Tats /3acrtXe'a>9 Ovpcus TICTOLV. 2.
Se ot TroXXot Si' ala")(yvrjv /cat aXX^Xw^ /cat Kvpou
crvvTjKoXovOrjcrav. 3. Acat yap 1 vo^al TroXXal y8ocr/c^-
KareXyj^Orjcrav. 4. Kprjnls 8' UTrrJ^ XiOivrf TO
et/cocrt TroSw^. 5. /cat
ouSets eedr dvwTeo) TMV xacrra)^ 2 UTTO
roG Trora/xou. 6. TW^ /xe^ yap VLKMVTOJV TO KOLTOL-
Kaiveiv, Tu>v e ^TTOJ/xeVw^ TO aTro^z/^cr/cet^ ecrTt.
7. /cat evravOa TroXXir) Kpavyr) rjv TOV crTpaTeu/xaTO?.
8. /cat era^ev avrovs XaySo^Ta? TOU /Bap/BapiKOv
crTparov cru^e/c/3t/3a{et^ TO,? a/xafas. 9. TWZ/ Se
TreptTTcur /iCTeStSocrai/ aXX^Xot?. 3 10. v/xetg yap So-
feTC atTtot et^at ap^avTes TOV StaySatVet^. 1 11. Trpai-
TOZ/ /xez^ /caTa/cauo-wjite^ Ta? d/za^a? a? )(9fJLy, tVa
^ TO, ^euy-^ 77/1 wz^ o-Tparrjyrj. 12. ftovXeraL ovv /cat
ere TOUTO)^ yeuo~acr^at. 13. TavTa Se crvz/e^^ey/jte-
i^a ^ 5 TOJ o~ carp air evovTi rfjs ^wpa?. 14. /cat TWI'
ot cru^e7ro/u<e^ot aTrwXwXecra^. 15. ef-
ot /xei' avTtov iro^evov /cat tTTTret? /cat 7reot, ot
S* ecrc^e^Sd^fo)^. 16. /cat et Tt? Se 6 ^prj^JLaTajv 7nOv-
17. -Stc^epas as et^o^ cr/ce-
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 127
Trctcr/xara 7Ti//,7rXacraz' yoprov KOV<J)OV. 18.
yap KOiisrjs croyrrjpuls Sed/*e#a. 19. ot Se
rat avrol eTTicrmcr/AOu Sed/^e^ot Sta rovro a
II. 1. But we resolutely refrained on account of
our oaths (sworn in the name) of the gods. 2. But
underneath there was a foundation of polished stone.
3. But upon this foundation a brick fort a hundred
feet in height had been built. 4. So the great (part)
of the Greek (army) was in this way persuaded.
5. Many of the beasts of burden perished of 7 hunger.
6. He marched on to the river, which was 8 a
plethrum 9 in width. 7. The water did not touch
the hay. 8. You will obtain this 10 from Cyrus. 11
9. No one tasted food. 10. And he commanded
Clearchus to lead the right wing. 11. Many of the
barbarians had fled from the villages. 12. For the
cities were the satrap's. 13. They did not consider
him (one) of the soldiers. 13 14. And no one missed
(his) man. 15. But he gave attention also to the bar-
barians. 16. There is need of slingers and horsemen.
17. But some of the soldiers heard the man's voice,
and opened the gate.
NOTES.
1 And (this was the case) for. 7 vtr6 with the genitive.
2 175, 1. 8 6vra, 276, 1.
3 184, 2. 9 169, 3.
* 262, 2. 10 171, 1.
6 98, 1, with 2, N. u 176, 1.
6 Bat (M) further (KOI). 12 169, 2.
128 FIRST LESSONS IN GBEEK.
LESSON LX.
Genitive Case Continued] .
GRAMMAR: 173-183.
Exercises.
I. 1. (j)v TOV dj'Spdg. 2. TO. 8' apjitara eV^e'pero
Keva TJVLOXOIV. 3. TOVT.OV ere 77X0;. 4. dXX* ouSe
OTTepyjcrovTaL. 5. //.a/cpdrepov yctp ot 'PoSioi
Hepcrcu^ ecr^e^Sd^o)^. 6. ourco 1 TreptyeVotro ai^
drrtcrracrtwrwz/. 7. /cat TroXejiuou ouSe^o? /care-
yeXa. 8. rd Se eTTtrr^Seta Trdrepo^ 2 an>eicr$ai fc
e/c 7775 dyopds 775 ovrot 7rapel)(ov, jJUKpa
TroXXoO apyupiov, f) avrop? 4 Xa/xySdVeit' ; 9.
yap ere dcre^Seia?. 10. 6 Se VTrKT^y^irai Swcret^ d
SapetAcou r/ota ^/xtSapet/cd rou /IT/^O? TO) crrpartajrr;.
11. /cai 6 crarpaTT^g />idXa ra^ea)? ef
12. Kupo? ' ow avefir] eVt rd opr; ou
13. Ka/caig yap rwz^ ^/ler
ourot ov<? opare fidp/Bapot, TroXe/xtwrepot T^
rai^ rrapa /3acrtXet OVTMV. 14. TroXXafct? '
T)I> tSeit' Trapd rag crretySo/xeVag 6Sou? /cat TroSai^
/cat ^Lpwv /cat o(j)0a\iJLa)v (Trepo/xeVou? avOpattrovs.
15. TOJI> et? rot' TToXefjiov tpywv, Toft/CTjg re /cat
d/co^rtcrea)9, ^tXo/xa^ecrrarog 77^. 16. o/xoXoyouyite-
e/c TTOLVTtov Ttov e/x7retpa)s avrov
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 129
yeveo-0ai avyp TroXe/UKOS. 17. fjcrav yap ot
II. 1. The soldier was convicted of treason.
2. He admired the citizens for their virtue. 3.
Zeus ! what luck ! 4. But we, though we saw 7 many
good (things), resolutely refrained from them. 5. For
these are still more cowardly than those who have
been defeated 8 by us. 6. And they overcame the
light-armed soldiers. 7. But the Greeks were about 9
eight stadia distant from the ravine. 8. He sold the
horse for fifty darics. 9. The king will not fight
within ten days. 10. And the plain abounded in 10
trees of every sort, and in vines. 11. For these
rivers are impassable at a distance from their sources.
12. These (things) took place while the Greeks were
going away. 11 13. And for some time 12 the bar-
barians delayed their march. 14. For this general
was at the head of 13 the mercenary (force) in the
cities. 14 15. The horse was sacred to the Sun.
1G. But all this (is) hard (to do) by night and when
there is an uproar. 11
NOTES.
1 226, 1. 2 Tr&Tcpov...1J, 282, 5.
3 In apposition to ra etriT^deia.
* Modifies ^uas understood, the subject of \a^dveiv, 145, 1.
6 278, 1, and 277, 2. Compare 278, 1, with 183.
6 278, 1, and 272, 4.
7 277, 5. u $ 278, 1, and 277, 1.
8 276, 2. 12 161.
9 8<rov. 13 Pluperfect of irpotcrrqju.
10 " Was very full of." 14 141, N. 3, and 142, 1.
9
130 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
LESSON LXI.
Dative Case.
GRAMMAR: 184-189.
Exercises.
I. 1. cnjiJLr)ve l Toi9 "E\\7j(TL T7J cra\7Tiyyt, /cat
v0i>s ZOeov OjubVe ol? iprjTO.~ 2. So/cei JJLOL /Bor)9elv
eVi TOU9 Kaovras. 3. TO Se arpdVeu/ia aurw dz/are-
rapcLy^evov eVopeuero. 4. o^o/ia Se -^i/ rirj
MecTTrtXa. 5. Trai^re? yap Trora/xot TrpotoOcrc 3
StaySarol yty^o^rat. G. vfro^eipioi Se
ye^w/xe^a {w^re? rots TroXe/xiot?. 7. ra Se
x a ra)^ dXtcrfcojLieVa)^ T^^ TrapaTrX^crta rot? e'
015, aTraXwrepa Se. 8. ou yap Kpavyf), dXXd
Trpoo-fjecrav. 9. evOvs eVetS^ dvr)yep0rj, evvcua avrw
, Ti AcaTct/cei/xat ; 10. yec^upa Se e?r^ e^eu-
77X01019 eTrra. 11. r^ Se aur^ ^/Afpa rjWev
rou 7rora/xo9. 12. oVw a^ BCLTTOV
aVapao'/cevoTe'poj /3acrtXet /xa^ou/xat.
13. Tovrots r)0-07) Kup09 14. ot yap LTTTTOL avrot?
Se'Se^rat. 15. TrdvTr) yap TrdVra TO 19 ^eo?9 uTro^a.
16. dWyj/ovs r^ TTi(TTO\r)v avoLKOivovTai Sw/cparei
l rrjs 7ropeta9. 17. vrpay/xaTa Trap-
TavTa Ta e^my T^ ^wpa. 18. ou o~vve7r6fJi0a
TO). 19. Tt Ka\bv eTreVpaicTO vfjiiv ; 20. e'cb' Twcri,
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 131
II. 1. They shouted to one another not 5 to run.
2. But the soldiers were angry with their generals.
3. And many of their arms were being carried for
the soldiers on wagons. 4. But he called an assembly
on the third (day). 5. There Cyrus had a palace.
6. It is safer for them to flee than for us. 7. /,
fellow Greeks, both was faithful to Cyrus, and (am)
now well-disposed to you. 8. He kept warring with 6
the satrap. 9. They feared that the enemy might
attack them. 10. He hurls his axe (at him). 7
11. This wine is much sweeter. 12. But on the
fourth day they descend into the plain. 13. He will
sink us with our very triremes. 8 14. For he did not
envy those who were rich. 9 15. Shall we trust this
guide? 16. The arrows were useful to the soldiers.
17. On this account 10 let him pay nothing either 11 to
me or 11 to anybody 11 else. IS. But he says to him,
" Do not do this." 19. We will take vengeance on
them for this imposition.
NOTES.
1 134, N. 1, (d)
2 The subject is indefinite, not an infrequent construction in the Perfect and
Pluperfect Passive. Cf. 134, N. 1, (c).
3 To those who go forward (or up-stream).
4 223, and 232, with 3.
6 283, 3.
6 186, N. 1.
7 " He sends (at him) with his axe." Use fy/u.
8 " With the triremes themselves."
9 276, 2.
10 " On account of this." _
11 283, 8, second paragraph.
132 FIKST LESSONS IN GREEK.
LESSON LXII.
Prepositions.
First read the Lesson through, giving close attention to the examples,
and then commit the general meaning or meanings of each preposition to
memory, and learn 192 in the Grammar. For phrases consult in gen-
eral the Greek-English Vocabulary at the end of the book.
Remark.
Tu Lesson VI. the use of different cases with prepositions was stated.
It should be remarked, however, that in place of a dative denoting rest,
we sometimes have an accusative or genitive, with reference to a pre-
ceding or following state of motion: iraprjo-av els SapSeis, they were pres-
ent at Sard-is ; ol e< TTJS dyopas KaraXnrovTes TO. <ui/ia ecpvyov, those in
the market left their goods and Jled (from it). Cf. 191, N. 6.
I. Prepositions with the Genitive only.
1. dvTt, instead of, for. Original meaning, over against, against.
In COMP. : against, in opposition, in return, instead .
2. diro (Lat. ab, a, Eng. off], from, off from, away from; properly from
a position on something :
a. of PLACE: a<' ITTTTOV /za^o-flat, to fight (from a horse) on horseback,
ft. of TIME : an fKfivrjs rrjs f)fj.epas, (from) since that day.
y. of CAUSE : dnb ^vv6f]p.aTos TJKCI, he is come (from) by agreement.
In COMP. : from, away, off, back.
3. c ( 13, 2; Lat. ex, e), from, out of; properly from a position in
something :
a. of PLACE : CK SndpTTjs (pevyei, he is banished from Sparta,
ft. of TIME : < naio'tov (from children, Lat. a pueris), since childhood.
Hence of immediate succession : \oyov e< Xoyov Xeyeti>, to make one
speech after another.
y. of ORIGIN : CK Trarpbs xpqo-roC eyei/ero, he came of a worthy father.
Hence with passive verbs (instead of VTTO with the genitive) : ri/za-
(r6ai f< TWOS, to be honored by some one ; the agent is then viewed
as the source of the action.
FIRST LESSONS IN GBEEK. 133
8. of INFERENCE : CK To>v Trapuvrcw, (judging from) according to the
present circumstances.
In COMP.: out, from, away, off.
4. irpo (Lat. pro), before :
a. of PLACE : Trpo Qvpoiv, before the door.
/3. of TIME : Trpo rrjs paxTjs, before the battle.
y. of PREFERENCE : Trpo TOVTUV TcQvdvai /iaXXoi/ av eXoiro, before these
things he would rather choose death.
8. of PROTECTION : Trpo 7rcu'6W p-d^fffdai, to fght for one's children
(properly, in front of them).
In COMP.: before, forward, forth.
NOTE. dvev, &Tp, without, &XP l > (u'xpi, until, cVcKa, on account of, and
irXTJv, except, are sometimes called improper prepositions and take the genitive.
II. With the Dative only.
1. Iv, in, equivalent to Lat. in with the ablative :
a. of PLACE : eV ^ndprr}, in Sparta ; with a word implying number
it has the sense of among : Iv 8jJ/zw \eyeiv, to speak (among) before
the people.
$. of TIME : eV TovTO) TW tret, in this year.
In COMP.: in, on, at.
2. <rvv (also |jvv, equivalent to Lat. cum), 'with, i. e. in company with
or by the aid of.
In COMP. : with, together.
III. With the Accusative only.
1. sis, info, to ; properly to a position in something (equivalent to Lat.
in with the accusative), opposed to e', out of:
a. of PLACE : 2iKeXot f 'iraX/ay bufirjcrav els 2iKfXt'az/, the Siculi passed
over from Italy into Sicily.
/3. of TIME : et? j/vKra, (to) till night ; fls eviavrov, (to the end of a
year) for a whole year. An action may be thought of as taking
place when a certain time is come to ; hence els is also used for the
time BEFORE WHEN : eooKei yap els TTJV v<TTepalav fj^eiv j3ao-i\ea,for
if was thought that by the next day the king would arrive.
y. of MEASURE and NUMBER : fls rerrapas, to (the depth of) four men,
four deep ; els 8vi>a/x>, according to one's power.
134 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
8. of AIM or PURPOSE : xpqo-i/zoi/ eiy TOV TroXf/ioi/, useful (toward) for
tlie war ; els roSe fJKOjjLev, (to this end) for this we are come.
In COMP. : into, in, to.
2. s, to, only with persons.
IV. With the Genitive and Accusative.
1. Bid, through (connected with dvo, two, 8i-;(a, in two, apart, asunder,
Lat. di-, dis- ; properly through the space which separates two
objects).
1. Bid, with the GENITIVE :
a. of PLACE : TiTpaxTKcw 8ia TOV Qupaicos, to wound one through his
breastplate.
ft. of TIME : 8ia VVKTOS, through tJie night.
y. of MEANS : di (pp.r)ved)s \eyciv, to speak through fin interpreter.
8. of a STATE of action or of feeling : avrols Sia TroAe/xoi; Itvai, to pro-
ceed (in the way of war) in a hostile manner toward t/tetn ; 8ia <po-
ftcov yiyvfo-Qai, to come to be in a state of alarm.
2. Bid with the ACCUSATIVE : on account of (with accusative of the
efficient cause) : 8ia rr\v voaov ^pco/ie^a TW tarpw, we employ the
physician on account of the sickness.
In COMP.: through, also apart (Lat. di-, dis-).
2. Kara (cf. adv. Karw, below), originally down (opposed to dvd).
1. Kara with the GENITIVE :
a. down from : aXXeo-^at Kara TTJS Trerpas, to leap down from the rock,
ft.- down over, down upon. Hence towards: eTraivos Kara TWOS, praise
(directed) towards one; but usually in a hostile sense, against:
fyevfteaBai KOTO. TWOS, to lie against one.
2. Kara with the ACCUSATIVE, down along : passing ocer, through, or
to, pertaining to, according to :
a. of PLACE : Kara povv, down stream ; Kara yr\v KOI BaXawav, (over)
by land and by sea.
/3. of TIME : /car' cjretMxM TOV ^povov, about that time,
y. in DISTRIBUTIVE expressions : *cara Tpels, by threes, three by three;
KO.&' Tjfj-epav, day by day, daily.
In COMP. : down, against.
3. virp, over, equivalent to Lat. super.
1. virc'p with the GENITIVE :
a. of PLACE : 6 $Aio? t>7rep r]^v Tropevfrai, the sun journeys above us.
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. .135
/3. in a derived sense, for, in behalf of: [t-a^crBai \mkp TWOS, to fight
for one (originally over him, standing over to defend) ; also in
place of: ya> imcp croO dnoKpivov^ai, I will answer in your stead ;
and on account of: vnep TJJS eXevOepius vp,as fv&aiftovifa, I con-
gratulate you on (account of] your freedom.
2. inre'p with the ACCUSATIVE : over, beyond, of place and measure.
In COM p. : over, beyond, exceedingly, in behalf of.
V. With the Dative and Accusative.
1. dvd (cf. adv. &v, above), originally up (opposed to Kara).
1. dvd with the DATIVE only in Epic and lyric poetry, up on.
2. dvd with the ACCUSATIVE : up- along ; passing over, through, or to :
a. of PLACE : ava povv, up stream ; ava Travav TTJV yfjv, over the whole
land.
/3. of TIME : am iracrav TTJV f]/j,epav, (over) through the entire day.
y. in DISTRIBUTIVE expressions : ava rerrapas, by fours.
In COMP. : up, back, again.
VI. With the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative.
1. dn<J> (Lat. amb-), connected with &n<j>, both; properly on both
sides of; hence about.
1. dn<f>i with the GENITIVE, rare in prose, about, concerning.
2. dp.<{>l with the DATIVE, only Ionic and poetic, about, and hence con-
cerning, on account of.
3. djw|>t with the ACCUSATIVE : about, of place, time, measure, occupa-
tion : dp.(f)l TO. o/ua, (about) dose to the boundaries ; a\i$\ roinov
TOV XP VOV > obout this time ; OJU</H ra f^Kovra, about sixty (Lat.
circiter sexaginta) ; dp.(pl Sfiirvov rrovelv, to be busy about supper.
In COMP. : about, on both sides.
2. errC, on, upon.
1. iir with the GENITIVE :
a. of SPACE, to denote the place where : Kvpos irpovcpaivero e<' ap-
/j-aros-, Cyrus appeared upon a chariot ; or the place whither : en\
2a/iov ?rXf tv, to sail (upon) toward Samos.
@. of TIME : f(f> f)p.a>v, in our time.
2. K with the DATIVE :
a. of PLACE : Vt rfi 6a\do-(rr} oiKflv, to live (close upon) by the sea.
. of TIME : eTrl TOVTOIS, after these things, thereupon.
136 FIRST LESSONS IN GKEEK.
And so in many other relations in the sense of over, for, at,
in addition to, on account of, in the power of.
3. irt with the ACCUSATIVE : to (a position) upon, against : dvaftaivfiv
ffi ITTITOV, to mount on horseback.
In COMP. : upon, ocer, after, toward, to, for, at, agaimt,
besides.
3. [WTO, (akin to p&ros, Lat. medius), a-mid, among.
1. fierd with the GENITIVE, with, implying participation : ^era TO>V
^vp.p.a^o)v Kiv8vveviv, to encounter danger (in common) with the
allies.
2. perd with the DATIVE, poetic, chiefly Epic.
3. jMTd with the ACCUSATIVE :
a. to (a position) among or along with, poetic.
/3. after, in TIME or ORDER : /xfra TOV TroAe/zoi/, after the war ; /^era
6covs fax*] dfioTdTov, (after) next to the gods tlie soul is (the thing')
most dicine.
In COMP. : with (of sharing), among, between, after, from one
place to another (^erari'&j/ii, to put in a new place}.
4. irapd, alongside, of, by, near.
1. irapd with the GENITIVE : from beside, from, with verbs of MOTION
and those which imply RECEIVING (outwardly or inwardly).
2. irapd with the DATIVE : irapa Kupa> ovres, being near Cur us.
3. irapd with the ACCUSATIVE, to (a position) beside, to ; also along by.
a. of PLACE : a(piKi/firai napa Kvpov, slie comes to Cyrus.
ft. of TIME : irap oKov TOV fiiov, (along by) during his whole life.
y. of COMPARISON : /m6j> rt napa rovro, somewhat larger in compari-
son with this.
8. of CAUSE : Trapa TTJV Tjp.frepav a/xj'Xetai/, on account of our neglect
(properly by it, in connection with it).
. of EXCEPTION or OPPOSITION : e)(o/j.ei/ n Trapa TaCra aXXo A<fyi>,
beside this we ham another thing to say ; Trapa TOV vopov^ contrary
to the law (properly passing by or beyond it, trans-gressing it), the
opposite of Kara with the accusative.
In COMP. : beside, along by or past, aside, amiss.
5. ircpC, around (on all sides).
1. irepf with the GENITIVE : about, concerning (Lat. de) : ffovXcvovTai
Trepi TOV TroAe/iou, they are taking counsel about the war.
2. ircpt with the DATIVE, of PLACE and CAUSE, unfrequent in Attic
prose.
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 137
3. irept with the ACCUSATIVE, nearly the same as d^i.
In COM?.: around, about, exceedingly,
6. irpos, at or y (the front of), akin to irpo.
1. irpds with the GENITIVE:
a. in front of, looking towards : npbs QpaKrjs KeiaOai, to be situated over
against Thrace ; -similarly in swearing: npbs 0e<3i/, before the gods,
by the gods. Often, to express what is natural or appropriate on
the part of some one : OVK rjv npbs TOV Kvpov rponov, it was not
according to the character of Cyrus.
ft. from (properly from before) : o\ftos npos 6(<i>v, prosperity from the
gods ; sometimes used with passive verbs (instead of vno) : npos
nvos (piXelaOat, to be loved by some one.
2. irpos with the DATIVE :
a. at : 6 K&poy rjv npos Ba/SuXww, Cyrus was at Babylon.
@. in addition to : npos TOVTOIS, in addition. to these things, furthermore.
3. irpos with the ACCUSATIVE :
a. to (properly to the front of) : ep^ovrai npos rjnas npfffftftSt ambas-
sadors come to us.
/3. towards : npos Boppav, towards the north ; especially of DISPOSI-
TION or RELATION toward some one: TTICTTCO? Stancfur&u npos ru/n,
to be faithfully disposed towards one ; npos /SaatXea <movdas rrotfl-
<r6ai, to make a truce with the king.
y. icith a mew to, in reference to : npos rl /ie TO.VT epcoras, (to what
end) for what do you ask me this.''
In COMP. : to, towards, against y besides.
7. viro, under, equivalent to Lat. sub.
1. viro with the GENITIVE:
a. of PLACE : vnb yrjs, under the earth.
ft. of AGENCY, with PASSIVE VERBS or those of passive meaning:
rifiao-^ai vnb ra>v noXir&v, to be honored by the citizens,
y. of CAUSE : vnb yrjptas dcrtifvrjs rjv, he was weak by reason of old age.
2. viro with the DATIVE: vnb TO) oi>pai/a>, under the heavens ; in 'AQrj-
vaiois (li>ai, to be under (the power of) the Athenians.
3. viro with the ACCUSATIVE :
a. of PLACE, properly to (a position) under.
ft. of TIME (under a time either impending or in progress) : vnb VVKTO^
just before night (Lat. sub noctem) ; vnb TTJV VVKTO., during the nig hi.
In COMP.: under, behind, secretly, slightly, gradually.
138 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
LESSON LXIII.
Voices. Tenses. Causal Sentences. Imperative and Sub-
junctive in Commands, Exhortations, and Prohibitions.
GRAMMAR : 195 - 199. 200, 201; 90, 2. 250.
252 - 254. Add 202, with 1.
Exercises.
I. 1. crot ei a\\r) So/cet, Xe'ye /cat St'Sao-/ce.
2. T}/xet9 IKC'LVOV ou/ce'rt o-rpartajrat ecr/xej>, eVet ye
ov o-we7rd/xe#a aura>. 3. dyere 1 SetTT^a-are. 4. vra-
ovv cocnrep Kupo9 /ceXeuei. 5. dXXcil /caXw? ye
<TKajiJLv, vTTo^eipiOL Se /A^SeTrore ye^w/Ae^a
rot? TToXe/xtot?. 6. )(aXe7rd ecrrt rd TrapoVra,
OTidre crTpaTrfytov crrepd/A^a. 7. /cal /n^Set? VTTO-
ovXecrdai \a9elv. 8. u/xeis, &>
L, rovrots aTTOKpivacrOe. 9. /cpdret
Ka\a>v .TTi6vp.ia)V. 10. /x^Sei? oieorOa) /xe rouro Xe-
yeti'. 11. /XT) OrjcrOe VQ^LQV /xr^SeVa, 2 dXXd rows y8Xd-
TTTOVTOLS u/x-d? XvcraT. 12. d/coucrare rov? Xdyov?
13. /xr; ftOL d^riXefr/?. 14. /XT) TroXe/xetre
TrdXe/Aor. 15. KO\ao-@rJTO)crav Se i/u^
dSt/cta?. 3 16. et Se' rt? v/xa)^ d^v/xei on
ou/c etcrti/ iTTTrei? rot? Se TroXe/xtot? TroXXot
ei'OvfJLjjOrjre OTL ol p^vpioi tTTTretg ovoev dXXo T^
etcrt^ avOpwTroi. 17. ora) 4 ow ravra So/cet
e^etz^, eTTt/cvpajcrdrw ws rd^tcrra, IV epya> ?re-
paivrjTai.
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 139
II. 1. Let us not leave the discussion unfinished.
2. Tell us this first. ^ 3. But he 5 is angry, because
Proxenus speaks of his 6 ill-treatment lightly. 4. Let
us see this horse. 5. Let him come. 6^ Do not be
dispirited on this account. 7 7^ Let us conquer those
who have been drawn up before the king. 8^ But
now, since the struggle is for 8 deliverance, be much
braver. 9. Do not lie. 10. Open the door. 11. Do
not despise yourself. 12. Provide yourselves with
arms. 13. Let us write a letter to the king. 14. Let
us go up on the mountain. 15. Fear the gods and
honor your parents. 9
NOTES.
1 253, N. 6 146.
2 283, 8, second paragraph. 7 " On accouut of this."
3 182, 1, and 178, N. 8 irepC.
* 80. 9 See note 9, Lessoii XIX.
5 143, 1, N. 2.
LESSON LXIT.
Interrogative Subjunctive, and Subjunctive and Future Indica-
tive with ov fji-r]. Verbals.
GRAMMAII: 256, 257. 281.
Exercises.
I. 1. (TKtTTTeov e(TTiz> OTTO)? dcr^aXecrTara
2. /x/x) 1 TOVTO 7rou3/ia> ; 3. ySouXei ovv eVi-
140 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
CTKOTraifJiei' ; 4. ov fjLTJ ere Kpvifjo) Trpos OVTIVCL /3ov-
XO/ACU a^LKecrOai. 5. TroXXa yap Ivopoi) OL a e/xot
rovro ov TroLrjTtov. 6. ^z> yotp OLTTO.^ Suo ^
oSoz/ a7rocr^a>/Ae^, ovKen JJLTJ SwT^ra
KOLTaXafielv. 7. t/cai'os Se /cat I&TLV
roi? irapovcriv^ w? Treicrreo^ eVrt
8. ^178* epo)^ai OTTOCTOU TrcjXet ; 9. ov vrpo
? TifJLfjTeos dvjjp. 10. ctXX' 6Vw? /XT)
ye^crd/xe^a Travra Tro^reo^. 4 11.
CT(t)(Ji0a OVV KTJpVKCL, T) aVTO? CU>L7TW ,* 12. KOLTOr
ovv eV jitei eKa&Tov.* 13. CITTOJ ovz/ croc TO
air LOP ; 14. eVi^u/^re'oz' ecrrt rot? av0pa>7TOL<; rrj?
aper^?. 15. eu tcr^i ort ov /XT; croi fvy^wp^crw.
16. Trot ^)uya)/xe^ ; 17. fJLifjirjTtov lo-riv T^JAV TOV?
18. Trorepov 6 TOVTO fliav (^upev f} ^
II. 1. The general must pursue the enemy.
2. What shall I say? 3. They will rco await the
enemy. 4. We must make war on the barbarians. 7
5. For you will w^y^r make the vicious better. 6. We
must not be dispirited. 7. Will you receive 8 him, or
shall we go away? 8. They will wo/ be able to go
up on the mountain. 9. We must not surrender these
soldiers to the king. * 10. We must make every
effort never to get in the power of the barbarians.
11. With what 9 shall I begin? 12. You must
cultivate virtue/ 13. Shall I proceed with 10 the
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
army into the city? 14. Fellow-soldiers, we must
make our journey on foot. 15. And may I not 11 an-
swer, if some young (man) questions me? ^16. The
general must provide chariots arid march against the
enemy. 17. We must never do the state harm, but
obey (her).
NOTES.
1 282, 2, at the end of the examples. 6 282, 5.
2 Present part., dat. plur., of Trdpei/un. 7 18(5, N. 1.
3 See note 9, Lesson XXX IV. 8 Future Indicative.
* We must make every ejjort, etc., 9 IFifh what, i. e. whence.
217. . 10 ?x'-
8 Accusative of the agent. n And not, jj-ySc. Cf. also note 1, above.
LESSON LXV.
Conditional Sentences : Present and Past Conditions.
GRAMMAR: 219; 221, 222. Bead carefully 220,
through I. (a), 2.
Exercises.
I. 1. t VfJitiS #\T l^OpfJLOLV, 7TOr0ai VJJLIV ftov-
Xo/xai. 2. et raura eVeTrpd^et, /caXw? av ecr^et'.
3. /cat TIILLV y av oTS' ort rptcracr/Ae^o? T TO.VT eVotet,
17/10,5 \LV*.LV TTapao-Keva^op.ei'ov^. 4.
eX^o? eVrt, OVK d/xa^et raur' eyw
5. et a>pa)v diropovvTas Uju-a?, rovr* aj
6. dXXa, ei ySouXei, /xeVe eVt rw crrpareu/xaTt, eya> 8'
TTopevecrOat, et Se ^ya^et?, Tropevov eVt TO
142 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
opos, eyo> Se peva) avrov. 7. Kal av TO.VT eVotet, el
ia>pa i^ads . 8. dXX' et /BovXzcrOe crvvaiTLevai,
/ceXeuet v^as rrjs VVKTOS. 9. el yap tfipovTirjcre,
7]<TTpa\ljev. 10. et Se' rt dXXo /3eXrtozV roX/Actrw
6 t8twT7y9 SiSaq"/Ci^. 11. el rjv o Odvaros TOV Trav-
ro? aTraXXay?;, eppaiov av rjv rot? /ca/co??. ] 2. et
rare TrXeiov? crv^eXey^cra^, e'/ci^Su^eucrej' a^
TTO\V TOV crryoareu/Aaro?. 13. et rouro
, eVatz'etcr^at dfto? el. 14. oufc ai> rwi/
VTJCTOJV eicparet, et /^ Tt vavriKov et^e. 15. 17 TrdXt?
Tracra &L<f)0apr) av> et dz^e/xo? evreyeVero. 16. eu tcr#'
ort et rt 3 e/AOu e/c^Sou, d^taj/xaro? 4 ical rt/x^? /
av.
II. 1 . But, if any one sees a better (plan), let him
speak. 2. If he had restrained himself, he would
now be king. 3. And if you had not come, we
should have proceeded against the king. 4. If you
have the money, pay it to the soldiers. 5. If he
is a god, he is wise. 6. If the general had wished
to go, the soldiers would have followed (him)./ 7. If
he went into the city, he received the gold.y 8. He
would not have done this, if I had not bid him.
9. If you say this, you are deceived. 10. If he wrote
the letter, he did well. 11. If he had done this,
he would have injured me greatly. 5 12. If this is
so, I will go away at once. 13. If the citizens had
been wise, they would then have put this tyrant to
EIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 143
death. 14. If you have not done wrong, why are
you about to flee? 15. It would be much more
wonderful, if they were honored.
NOTES.
1 138, N. 7. 2 Better (plan). Sc. tori. 3 160> 3. 4 164, N. 2.
6 159, N. 2, aiid N. 4.
LESSON LXYI.
Conditional Sentences : Future Conditions.
GRAMMAR: 223, 224. Bead carefully 220, I. (I),
1 and 2. 207.
Exercises.
I. 1. KOLV fjiep T? c/cct, TT)^ Sun}? iri(hja'op.a> aurw,
^ Se <>uy]7, 17/1619 e/cet 77^009 ravra
/ 2. et ov^ opunqv v/xa9 (raiTJjpioi' TL /3
eXOoifjii av 77^009 v/xa,9. 3. ourw 1 yap a^ u//,t9 a?ro-
\\VfMevoi TTJS ama9 et^rc. 4. eyw ^eXco, a) cu>Spe9,
z^ e/xot a)*' eo/xat v7rr)peTJo"rjT KOI
fJiicrOov 7ropi(T7)T. 5. ^v^ di', ct
cru re i7/>ta9 6z/7^crat9 /cat 77^619 <re fieyav 770117 era t/xe^.
6. Acatrot t a/xa r' IXevOepos 17^9 /cat 77X01; crto9
ycVoto, TtVo9 az^ Seoto ; 7. ^ 8e rt9 17/^019 T7/9 6Sou
rourw. 8. et 8e a#Xa
u az^ 77Xetou9 Sta rouro e
144 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
OLVTO. 9. OuS* 1 7TOLVT6S \OoiV TltpCTai, T
* av rou? TroXe/xiov?. 10. av Se
crvv v\uv 7rei/)acrd/xe#a yeipov&Oai.
11. ovSe yap oV /xe 6 /3acn,Xeu9 eiraivoirj, el ee\av-
rou? euepyera?. 12. 17^ ou^ craj^povrJTe, rou-
TavavTia Trotcrere 709 Kwa? Trotoucri
StSe
yap KVVO.S rou? ^acTrou? ra? /xei^ rjp,pa<; teacrt,
ra? Se z^u/cra? a^)tacrt, rovrov Se,
e^ S^crere, r^ e ri^epav d^^
II. 1. For if we take this height, those (who are)
above 3 the road will not be able to remain. 2. He
would gladly give them guides, if they should wish
to go away. 3. For if they see you dispirited, they
will all be cowardly. 4. What shall we suffer, if we
yield and get in the power of the king?^ b. If they
should receive pledges, they would corne. 6. If the
king shall fight within ten days, I will give you ten
talents. 7. For if we should besiege this city, we
should take it. 8. And we shall not be able to pass
by, unless we cut off the enemy. 9. If the horse-
men arrive before the battle, we shall be victorious.
10. If I should escape the notice of these (men), 4
I should be saved ; but if I should be taken, I should
suffer death. 11. If therefore we make the peace,
we shall dwell in the city in 5 great safety. 12. If
therefore we should have arms, 4 we should make use
also of our valor; but if we should surrender these,
we should lose our lives 6 also.
^.
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 145
NOTES.
1 In this tcay, representing the protasis. Cf. 226, 1, with the last example.
2 Not even if all, etc., not even then, etc.
3 oi uirtp rrjs 65ov, $ 276, 2. 6 /xerd with -genitive.
* Note 9, Lessou XIX. 6 " Lose our lives," be robbed of our bodies.
LESSON LXVII.
Conditional Sentences : Present and Past General Suppositions.
Expression of a Wish. Gnomic and Iterative Tenses.
GRAMMAR: 225. Bead carefully 220, II. 251.
205, 206.
Exercises.
I. 1. ol 0ol IKOLVOI fieri TOVS piKpovs, KOLV ez> Sei-
wcrt, crto^eiv U7rer<ws. 2. TOVTOV eW/ca JJLTJTC
e Aa/ceSat/jio^tot?, crw^oicr^e re 1 acr</>aAw5
^IXet e/cacrro?. 3. i]v 7rLKovpr]iJLa TWV
Cl Tl? TJ]V VVKTCL V7TO\VOLTO. 4. r)V Tl" 7Tpl ^j
7Tp TCI? ZCLVTCOV \JV^OL<; a.^GLpTa.VOV(Ti
5. 17/xet? yap ai^ rotaura frdOoi^v, ofa rovs
ot #eot TrotTycreta^. 3 6. /cat t rts aural So/cot^
rouro reray/xeVa)^ ySXa/ceueti^, e/cXeydjae^o? TOI/
eTratcre^ az^. 4 7. ra9 Se wrtSa?, av ri?
u aviCTTf), ecrrt Xafjiftdveiv. 8. t 8e ri^a o/o^r;
oz^ oz^ra OIKOVO/JLOV, ouSeVa az^ TrwTrore d(/)eiXero. 4
9. StareXeT /xicrw^, 5 ou/c T^^ rt? rt 6 OLVTOV a$LKrj, aXX'
eaz> rtz^a VTTOTTT every /SeXrto^a eavroG elvai. 10. et
10
146 FIBST LESSONS IN GEEEK.
S?7 7TOT6 TTOpeVOLTO, TTpOCTKoXctiV TOV? (f)l\OVS IcTTTOV-
SaioXoyeiTo. 11. et riz/es TSoieV 7717 rou? cr^ereyoov?
iTTiKparovvras, dveOdparricrav av? 12. TT? /3ia Trpocr-
G.KTLV tyOpOLL KOI KlvSvVOl. 13. TOLS TO>*>
(TVVOV<TLQLS oXiyos \povos SteXvcre. 14. av
va)v OLVTWV ra Tronj^aTa SuqpatTcov dv. 15. i efe-
Xau^ot 'Acrrvay^?, e^>' LTTTTOV ^pvo-oyaXivov Trepirjyt
TOV Kvpov. 16. et^e crot, ai Ilept/cXei?, rdre cru^eye-
vojjsriv, ore Set^oraro? ravra rjcr9a.
II. 1. But may the gods take vengeance on these
traitors. 2. If any one ever stole, he was punished.
3. Beware of slanders/ even if they are false. 4. O
that you may prove yourselves 8 brave! 5. If they
found anything (upon them), they took it away from
them. 6. But it was a protection, if one journeyed
with 9 something black before his eyes. 7. O that I
had not fought with the king ! 8. Virtue is praise-
worthy. 10 9. If we ever attacked the enemy, they
escaped with ease. 10. If the soldiers march in
good order, he praises them. 11. If any one refuses
to follow, they impose a penalty on him. 12. But
he used to beat his- soldiers. 13. If he suspected that
any one was plotting against him, he put him to death.
NOTES.
1 |ATJT...T are correlatives, both... not,... and, etc.
2 159, N. 2.
3 251, 1. 7 Use the article,
4 206. 8 " Prove yourselves " ; use the Aorist of yiyvoimi.
5 279, 1. 9
6 159, N. 4. 10 138, N. 2, (r).
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 147
LESSON LXTIII.
Relative and Temporal Sentences: Conditional Relative.
GRAMMAR: 229-233. Add 231, N.
Exercises.
I. ] . OT6) So/cet TOLVTa, aVaTetz>aT&) rv)V ^iipa.
2. TO Se Xot7roz> Tretpaj/xez'ot TavTrjs Trjs rafecos, /3ov-
\evcr6fjie0a o n av aet KpaLTHTTOv So/CTrJ etz'at. 3. eyw
yap oKvofyv OLV et? ra TrXoia IfJLfiaivew a rjpJiv Sot^.
4. TOJ Se -^ye/xdVc TTtcrreucrojLte^ oi/ ai^ Kvpos SiScu.
5. /cat ot oz^ot, eVet ri9 StwACOt, irpoSpafjiovTes ecrra-
crcu/. 6. rou? TrXeicrrov? evOairep 7recrov tKacrTovs
eOaifjav ou5 Se /x^ tvpiaKov, KtvoTafyiov avrois
t7roir)crav. 7. rw ^ew rourw Ovcro^.i> crajTTJpia OTTOV
OLV TTpuTOV ets (j)i\iav ywpav a^LKCJfjieda. 8. Sta-
TTopevo-ofjieda TT)^ yupav a>5 az^ 8vva)fji0a a
ra. 9. 01 S' eTret ra apfjiara TrpolSoiei',
10. OTG> ou^ ravra Sofcet fcaXw? exet^
0)9 ra^tora, t^' ^>yw TrepaivrjTai. 11. /cat cruz> U)
o ri az/ SeT; TretVo/xat. 12. 6Vou crrpar^yo? crwo?
etT;, TO^ <TT parity ov TrapeKokovv. 13. 01 Se aVSyoes
etcrti^ ot Trotov^re? o rt ai^ ez^ rat? /xa^at? yty^rat.
14. etg ra TrXota rou? re acrOevovvTas evepifiacrav
/cat rwz' (TKevtov ocra jit^ avouyKr) j)V e^eiv. 15. 09 az^
ravra fjiyvvarj, X^erat rdXavTov. 16. eVe/^Tre yap
olvov, OTrdre Traz^u ^Sw Xdfioi. 17. T7/tet9 Se
148 FIRST LESSONS IN GEEEK.
TTO\V p.ev lo-^yporepov Traicro/xez', r\v
TToXu fJLa\.\OV OTOV O.V /BovXwfJLtOa TV
II. 1. But we must suffer whatever seems best to
the gods. 2. But I should fear to follow the guide
whom he might give us. / 3. But if any one hinder
us from our journey, we shall fight it out with him 1
as bravely as possible. 2 4. He (is) a worthy friend,
to whomsoever he is a friend. / /5. But I grant you,
said he, whichever you wish to choose. 6. And in
company with you I shall be in honor wherever I be.
7. He hunted on horseback, whenever he wished to
exercise himself. 8. Whenever any one wishes to go
away, he permits him. 3 9. And whenever it was
necessary 4 to cross a bridge, each 5 company hastened.
10. lie would not have done what he had not agreed
to do. 11. And again, when the horses approached,
they did the same (thing). 12. (Those) who 6 were
not able to escape perished. 13. As many arrows as 7
were taken were useful to the archers. 14. When-
ever it shall be (the) proper time, I will come.
NOTES.
2
List.
1 Use o5roj. For the case, cf. 186, N. 1.
Literally, most bravely (/cpdrtcrra) as we shall be able, putting the adverb
.
3 cu'rotfs, because the indefinite rls, thouirh singular, covers the entire class.
4 123, N. 1. Use Set.
5 142, 4, at the end.
(So many) of the arrows as, 87, 1.
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 149
LESSON LXIX.
Relative and Temporal Sentences : Relative Clauses expressing
Purpose or Result, and Temporal Particles signifying Until
and Before that.
GRAMMAR: 236-240. Read 240, 2.
Exercises.
I. 1. 01 yap TroXe'/uot ov Trporepov Trpos 17/10,9 TOV
TToXefJiov l<j>rjvav Trplv Ivojjucrav KaXais ret eavruv
Trapecr/ceudcr^at. 2. /cat 17 /x7?T7?p o-vvTrparTv avra)
raura wcrre /SacrtXevs rrjv TT/OOS iavrov i
OVK rjcrOdveTo. 3. ovSafJioOev ac^iecra^ Trplv
B^iev OLpicTTQV. 4. airacriv ecro^rat cnrov^al,
av jSacrtXei ra Trap' v^a)V StayyeX^. 5. lav Se p.r)
StSw ravra, rjyefJLOva atr^crojite^ Kupoz/, ocrris Sta
6. ecus ot TrXelo-rot yi/w-
av rjyov. 7. Km cap eyca
a,S(,/ceu>, ou ^^17 /xe eV^eVSe direWtiv Trplv
av Sai SLKJJV. 8. /cal yiyverai TOCTOVTOV /xerafu TOJZ/
aJcrre TT^ vcrrepaia ov/c (f)avT)Grav OL
9. eSofe rw S^w TpiaKOVTa a^Spa? eXe-
crOai ot VOJJLOVS ^vyypdipovo'i. 10. dXXa otarpti//a)
ear* az^ OKvrjO'wo'iv ot ayyeXot ^ aTrood^ T^/xt^ ras
a? TronfjcraorOaL. 11. di^Spt e/cdcrrw owcret
dpyvpiov JJLVOLS ITTTJV et? Ba^8vXa)^a TJKCOCTL, /cat
150 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
ei<? 'IGJVLOLV TTOL\LV. 12. TraXiv Se OTTOTC
TO a\\o crTpaTevjjia ravra eTracr^o^, KCU eV! rov
v yrjX6(j)ov ravra eyiyvero, a>crre airo row
Tpirov yrj\6(f)ov eSofe*> auroi? pr) KIVZLV rovg crrpa-
rtwra? Trpt^ ctTTO r^5 Sefta? TrXeupa? rov TrAcucrtou
d^yayo^ TreXracrra? TTyoos TO opo?.
II. 1. They waited until the men left the city.
2. They are getting arms together with which to de-
fend themselves. 3. Let the truce be in force until
I come. 4. He had not come; so that the Greeks
were anxious. 5. I should continue to war 1 (with
them) until they should surrender the ships. ^/6. They
command the heralds to wait until the general shall
be at \eisure. / 7. But the rest of the soldiers struck 2
and stoned and reviled the man until they compelled
(him) to take 3 his shield and proceed,/ 8. Generals
have come to collect an army for Cyrus./ 9. We
waited each time until the king rode by. /10. He
will not stop fighting against his opponents until he
consult with you. ] 1 . They never make the attack
until the watchword has passed along. 4 12. I shall
delay in Sardis until the general arrive. 13. If I
had known this, I should have waited until the gen-
eral had arrived. 14. We will go forward until we
join Cyrus.
NOTES.
1 279, 1. 3 T T se the Participle.
2 $ 200, N. 1. * Use the Aorist Subjunctive.
FIRST LESSONS IN GEEEK. 151
LESSON LXX.
Indirect Discourse: Simple Sentences after on and &>?, and
in Indirect Questions.
GRAMMAR: 241 ; 243, 244. Add 245.
Exercises.
1. 1. eTreoeiAO'tKTaj' ota 2 tirj TI drropLa aVev
Kvpov yvatfjirjs /cat jJLVt,v /cat aTTteVat. 2. /cat ov-
TTore epet ovSet? a>? eya> TrpoSou? u/xa? TT}^ rai^ y8ap-
/Bdpcjv <f>i\iav lX6p.7]v. 3. eyrw ort ou
roug crrpartwra? /3tctcracr^at teVat. 4. /cat /xaXa
p.rjordv rwes, eWooujmei^ot JLL^ ra eTTtr^Seta 3 ou/c e
O7r60v \afjL/3dvoLev. 5. aXXa ot TroXe/xtot
oTTOt TTOTC Tp\JjovTo.L ot EXX^^e? /cat rt ei^ z^
6. eXe^e^ a)? yetrw^ re etTy TTy? 'EXXaSo? /cat Tre^t
TrXetcrrov az> Trot^cratro crwcrat 97/10,9. 7. a/coucras
8e He^oc^w^ eXeyei' ort opO&s rjTLcavTO /cat auro TO
epyov aurot? p^apTvpOirj. 8. e^^a Sr) ot
iiyvci>crav ort TrXatcrto^ IcroTrXevpov TrovTjpa ra^ts
9. 6 Se Xeyet ort ou/c eSo/cet aura> ep^/x
ra oTTicrO ev. 10. eXefez' ort OVTOJ crcur^ta? af ru-
11. ourot eXeyov ort Kvyoo? /xei^ re^r^/ce^,
Se Trefavycos iv ra> o~ra$/xoj t7^ /cat Xeyot ort
av avrovs. 12. oLTTOKpiverai ort raur
*>/ e^>o/4T v- v r /
a^ eTrot^cre^ ^//-a? LOCDV. 1<3. eAeyo^ ort OVTTCO
ouros 6 7rora/x6s Sta/3ar6s yeVotro vreQ. 14.
152 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
XevovTo el* TO. (TKvo<j)6pa ivravOa ayoivro 7] OL
eVt TO o-TpcuTOTre&ov. 15. rjpatTtov el Sotev av TOVTCJV
ra
II. 6 1. And Cyrus said that the expedition would
be against the great king. 2. But he answered that
he had deliberated with respect to this. 3. For they
now knew that he was leading (them) against his
brother. 4. And he shouted that the king was com-
ing on with a great arrny. 5. For the satrap said
that Cyrus had plotted against the king. J 6. But
they deliberated how 7 they should drive the men
away from the hill. 7. He asked whither 2 he should
turn. 8. They knew that their fear was groundless.
9. He said that he would arrest him and put (him)
to death. 10. But he did not indicate what he
would do./- 11. But he was deliberating whether 8
they should send some, or should all go to the camp.
12. But (on) being asked what 2 he needed, he said,
"I shall need two thousand leathern bags." 13. They
were at a loss (as to) what 2 they should call this.
14. For they perceived that the enemy were among
the baggage. 9 15. I said that we had 10 many fair 11
hopes of safety. 16. Thereupon he accordingly an-
swered that they would 12 die sooner than give up
their arms.
NOTES.
1 In each case let the student give the verb of the quoted sentence in its
original form before quotation, and also all of its possible forms after being quoted.
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 153
2 An indirect question may be introduced by the simple interrogative (here
Troia), the general relative (oTroia), or even the simple relative (oi'a;. Cf. 149,
2, with note, 282, 1, and 87, 1. For the syntax of ^veiv, cf. 261, 1.
3 Object of \afj(,pdi>oiei>. The original question was, irbQev TO. eiriTrjdeta
\afj.pdi>u[j.ev ; Cf. 256.
4 277, 4.
5 282, 4.
6 In translating these sentences into Greek, determine first what the quoted
sentence would be in the direct form in English, so ay to yet the original In/tH-,
which in Greek, it must be carefully remembered, does not change when the
sentence is indirectly quoted. In English after secondary tenses a change of
tense is the rule. This makes it often doubtful what the original form of the
sentence was. In such a case the student must determine which seems the
most natural, and take that.
7 irws. But see note 2.
8 Whether. .. or, d.. 3, 282, 5.
9 Plural of (rKcvoQbpov.
10 184, 4.
11 Greek idiom, many and fair.
12 The original affirmation was, " We should die," etc.
LESSON LXXI.
Indirect Discourse: Infinitive and Participle in Indirect
Quotations.
GRAMMAR: 246, with N.; 260, with 2 (and N. I);
280, with notes 1 and 2.
Exercises.
I. 1 1. cu'Spes, vvv em rr)v 'EXXaSa z'o/zi'^ere a/xtX-
XacrOai. 2. oT/xat yap av rjfJLas Toiavra iraOtlv ofa
row? tyOpovs ol Oeol TrotTycreta^. 2 3. /xe/^^/xat avrov
rovTo TTOLijcravTa. 4. Kuyoo? S' eVei rjcrOero TOU?
crrpartwra? Sta^eyS^/cdrag, rjo-Orj. 5. crwotSa yap
154 FIRST LESSONS IN GEEEK.
fjiavTa) Trdvra ei/ieucr/ieVo? avrov. 6.
jJirj Trpocrdev iravcrecrOai rrplv av avrovs Kara-
ot/caSe. 7. 877X09 rp> Kupo9 crTrevSw^ Tracrav
6SoV. 8. d/couw ' et^ai 3 ez^ rw crrpareu/xa/n,
V 'PoStOV?, WI^ TOl)? TTOXXOU? <^OL(TIV TTi(TTaO'0aL i
9. eTreiSr) 8e cra^wg rou? fiap/3dpovs
itoptov ol *E\\7]V<;, eTropevovro KOLL
10. avap-^ia 8* ai^ /cat drafta Ivo^itpv ly/Aa?
11. &>? eTSe KXeap^ov SteXau^o^ra,
717 a^ivy. 12. Setfcu rovro^ 1^0 pov ovra.
13. aXXco? 8e TTCO? Tropi^ecrOai rd eVtTTySeta
s i^Sei^. 14. CTAcoTrou/xe^o? o
ovafJLa)S av d'XXco? rouro St
15. ewpa Se Trpo/caretX^/x/ieV^^ TT)Z/
16. et ouz^ optorjv vjjia^ crwTTJpLov TL
\OoijJiL av TTpos v/xd?. 17. eTTi/BovXevcov rjfjilv <f>ave-
yods ecrrt. 18. vTrctnrrevov yap enl /BacnXea levai*
jjLL(T0a)0rjvai 8e OUAC CTTI TOVTO) e^acrav. 19.
Se e(f)acrav OLKZLV ava ra oprj KOLL TroXe/xiK-ou?
/cat ^8acrtXea5 ou/c 6 aKoveuv, dXXd /cat e/xy8aXet^ TTOTC
t5 avrou? $ao-i\u<r)v crTpariav TOVTOJV 8' ouSeVa
II. 1. For lie heard 7 that Cyrus was in Cilicia.
2. And he promised that he would deliver over the
Greeks to him. 3. He thinks that he has been
wronged by me. 4. And it was evident that he was
troubled. 5. They say that the wife of the king took
refuge here. 6. For I know that pledges have been
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 155
given. 7. For I knew that the soldiers had pro-
visions. 8. Remember that you are mortal. 9. But
the great king dug 8 this trench when he learned that
Cyrus was marching against (him). 10. I was the
first to announce 9 to him that Cyrus was making an
expedition against (him). 11. I saw that you were
suffering harm 10 and were not 6 able to retaliate.
12. For they did not know that he was dead.
13. J^^-' therefore announce that in that case the
Greeks would retreat. 14. But the Greeks knew the
enemy wished to go away, and that (they) were pass-
ing the word to one another. 15. They acknowledge
that this general was a brave (man). 16. Let it not
yet be manifest that we have set out for home.
17. He accordingly showed that the satrap had
broken the truce. 18. He is conscious to himself
that he has violated his oath. 11
NOTES.
1 Cf. note 1, Lesson LXX.
2 Cf. note 3, Lesson LXVII.
3 280, N. 3, second paragraph.
* With the infinitive = know how, like olSa, 280, N. 3, second paragraph.
5 188, 1.
6 283, 3, and 242, 4.
7 Be careful to use the Participle in translating this- exercise into Greek
wherever the principal verb is one of the list mentioned in 280. Cf. also
note 6, Lesson LXX.
8 Made.
9 I first ( 138, N. 7) announced.
10 See note 9, Lesson XIX.
11 Use the plural. For the case (if 7ra/>a,ueX<?co is used for the verb to vio-
late), 171, 2.
156 FIBST LESSONS IN GREEK.
LESSON LXXII.
Indirect Discourse : Indirect Quotation of Compound Sentences.
GRAMMAR : 247. Add the General Statement in 2-1-2.
Exercises.
I. 1 1. /cat OVK efiacrav teVat, 2 av p,ij rt9 aurot?
Xp'/jfJ-aTa StSw. 2. ouT09 8* tlirev on <f)\vapOL7]
ocrrt? Xe'yot aXXw9 TTOJS crwr^^ta? aV rv^e?^ ^ /BacrL-
\ea Treura?. 3. /cat ev^avro rrj 'ApreJuttSt, OTrocrof?
KOLTOLKOLVOLtV TO)V TToXejJLlOJV, TOCTGLVTaS ^t^iatyOtt? KOiTOL-
OvcrtLV rrj 0<u. 4. eVd/xt{e yctyo, ocrw OO.TTOV eX-
^ot, TOCTOVTO) aTTapoLCTK^voTepa) ftacriXei fjia^elcrOai.
5. VTrecr^ero, ai/ TOVTOUS rou? crrpari&jra? Xd/Brj,
TrapaSojcrei^ aurw rous ''EXX^i^as. 6. OL S' eaXa>-
/cdre? IXeyoi/ on ra 77^09 fJbe<nr)fJLppicu>* rrj? 4 eVl
117, Si' rjcnrep rjKOiev. 7. TOUTO 817 Set
, TTOJ? aV 7ropevoifJL0d re a>5 dcr<^aXeo"rara
/cat, et /ita^ecr^at Scot, a>5 /cpartcrra
8. ot S' eXeyoi' ort Tre^t crTro^Saj^ rJKOitv,
otriz'es t/caz^ot ecrovran ra irapa TMV
aTrayyetXat. . 9. otSa aurovs rovro az^ TrotoiWa?, 7 et
>>^ -, r . >o>>>^o\e j/v
egryz\ 10. ouo ey3et ovoet? w? eya>, e<
rts, ^pc^fjiai, Inei&av Se aTTteVat ^
/cat 8 avrous /ca/cw? iroia) /cat 8 ra ^pTjfjLara aTrocrvXai.
dXXot td^raj^, etSdre? ort /ca/ctou? etcrt 9 Trept 17/10,9 ^
Trept e/cetVov9. 11. tv^avro craiTTjpLOi Ovcrtiv,
PIEST LESSONS IN GREEK. 157
12.
OTL rJKOiev ^ye/xd^a? c^o^res, ot avroug, ea^ cnroz'Sai
, afoucri evOev e^ov&iv ra CTT 1777 Seta.
II. 10 1. But he promised him, if he should come,
that he would make him a friend to Cyrus. 2. He
said that, if there was no objection, 11 he wished to
converse with them. 3. He said that if they should
see you dispirited, they would all be cowardly. 4. But
he told (him) that just as soon as 12 the expedition
should come to an end, he would immediately send
him home,/ 5. He announced that if we had not-
come, they would be proceeding against the king.
6. He said that he should delay until the king ar-
rived. 7. But he said that he did not commend the
man if he had done this. 8. And they said that the
enemy were within in great numbers, 13 and that they u
were striking our men. 9. And they said that they
would burst open the gates, if they should not open
(them) of their own accord. 10. It was evident that
they would elect him, if any one should put it to
vote. 11. He said he should dread to embark in the
boats which Cyrus should give them. 12. He ac-
cordingly then asked who 15 those were who (always)
did 16 whatever took place in battle. 17
NOTES.
1 Cf. note 1, Lesson LXX. In this Lesson the directions there given should
be followed with especial reference to the verb of the subordinate clause.
2 They said OUK facif, 200, N. 3, second paragraph.
3 The country toward the south, etc. * Sc. 65oi), and cf. 1G9, 1.
158 FIEST LESSONS IN GREEK.
5 247, N. 3. 6 212, 4.
7 In the direct discourse TOVTO av eiroiow, 204, N. 1.
8 KO.I...KO.L. Indignity to their persons (O.VTOVS) is added to robbing them
of their property. On avrovs, el', note 3, Lesson LXVIII.
9 280, N. 3. 14 And that the//, i. e. " who."
10 See note 6, Lesson LXX. 15 See note 2, Lesson LXX.
11 "If not anything hindered." 16 Those who did, 276, 2.
12 Just as soon as, fTrcidr) Ta^iora. 17 In battle. Use the plural with the
13 142, 3. article.
LESSON LXXIII.
Final and Object Clauses,
GRAMMAR: 215-218. Add 215, N.I; 210, 2 and 3;
217, second paragraph; 218, second paragraph. Read
215, Eein.
Exercises.
I. 1. TO) Se av8pl ov av tXrjcrOe Treicro/xai, Iva
el$-fJT OTL Kol ap^crOaL emcrTa/xat. 2. et re 17817
So/cet aTTtcVat, crKeiTTeov icrriv OTTO)? cxcr^aXecrrara
l O7TOJ9 TO, 1TLTTJ$La eojJiV. 3. TTJV Se
ovvap,w yOpoi^ev w? /ictXtcrra eSuz/aro
07TW5 OTl 3 OLTTapaCTKeVOTaTOP \dfioi
^8acrtXea. 4. OTTCJ? Se icat v/xel? e/xe eTrat^ecrere, e/^ol
/X\T7CTt. 4 5. ACal 7Tpt TOVTOJt' IfJLVTJCrffvfV, IvO. jU-^)
TOLVTO. 7rd0r)T6. 6. wcrre ou TOVTO SeSoi/ca, /x^ OVAC
v 5V ^^6*' ^ l '\ ^ \o\
e^w o Tt ow /cacrTW TO)*; <f>L\o)v. 7. TOU? oe airo-
Oavovras avroKeXevcrroi ol ''EXX^^e? ^/ctcra^To, a>9 ort
(fjO/BepCJTOLTOV T0t5 TToXe/XlOt? CtT;. 8. 07TW5 ' Ct/XV-
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 159
a ouSels eVt/jteXetrat. 9. aXXa SeSot/ca JJLTJ, av
fJLci0a)fJiev dpyol E>rjv, cocnrep ol Xwroc^ayot CTTI-
rjs ot/caSe 6801). 10. <^>tXo9 e/3ouXero
eli'at rot? jaeytcrra Swa/x,eVot9, tVa d8i/cw^ JUT) StSotTj
11. /cat 6 ^toKpaTirjs VTTCOTTT evert JJLIJ TL
TrdXeo)? eTrairto^ etTy Kupw <iXoi>
12. Kai ere ou/c ^yetpoz^, tVa a>5 T^Stcrra
13. et yap otot re rjcrav 8 ol TroXXot ra /xey terra
l^epyat^crOai, IVOL oloi re T^cra^ a5 /cat aya^a ra
jLteytcrra /cat /caXw? aV
II. 1. We must go, therefore, and ask Cyrus for
boats, that we may sail away. 2. See to this, that
we shall remain here in greatest safety. 3. For they
feared that the enemy would attack them while going
through 9 the ravine. 4. He thought that he needed
friends, that he might have co-workers. 5. For they
feared that they would be cut off and the enemy
would get on both sides of them. 10 6. And they
were apprehensive that, if they should burn 11 the vil-
lages, they might not have provisions. 7. Let us
therefore burn up the wagons which we have, that
our teams may not be our generals. 13 8. But no one
of us is in return taking any 13 thought, how we shall
contend (with them) as successfully as possible.
9. They fear that the Greeks will attack them dur-y
ing the night. 14 10. I immediately proceeded to the
city, that I might aid him. 11. Would that the gen-
160 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
eral had died, that he might never have been so out-
raged ! 12. See to (it), then, that you be men wor-
thy of the freedom which 15 you possess! 13. I did
this, that it might not be apparent that we had set
out for home.
NOTES.
1 200, N. 3, second paragraph.
2 As secretly as possible. Literally, concealing himself (middle) as most he
was able.
3 See note 4, Lesson XXXIV.
134, N. 2.
Subjunctive.
256, and 244. If this were a conditional relative sentence, 5 rt would
ha e ov joined to it, 207, 2, and 231, N.
Subject of eo/, of which eTratrtof is the predicate.
251, 2. l2 Mai/ not lead (crrpaTiftf) n* t 171, 3.
277, 1. 13 ovSfr, 159, N. 2, and 283, 8, second paragraph.
10 182, 2. l * 179, 1.
11 277, 4. 153.
LESSON LXXIV.
The Infinitive.
GRAMMAR: 258-274. Add 260, 1 and 2 (with
N. 1). Bead 250, N., and 2G1, 1, N. Omit 20G, 2;
2G9, and 273.
Exercises. 1
I. 1. alcr^pov S' ovSev lirl TOUS ySacrtXeco? 9vpai<s
OUT* 2 OLKOVO-OLL OVT iSct^ (TTLV? 2. K9y3O5 OVV OVTCOS
u>v apytiv ctft&jraro?. 3.
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 161
rov StaySatVetz;. 4. /cat rot? iTnrtvcrLV etprjTO Oap-
POVCTL* Stw/cetz'. 5. /cat crTretcra/xeVoi; Kupou eVt-
crreue /XTi.Se*' aV Trapa ras crTro^Sa? TraOelv. 6. Xot-
TTOZ' /AOt etTTCt^ OTTCyO ACttt JJityLO'TOV VOfJLL^O) el^ttt.
7. Ivofjui^ov yap t/ca^ov? eti^at i^/xa? TrepiyevlcrOaii TOJ
. rt ' e^o/xe^ cnw^tara LKavcorepa TOV-
TroVou? <f)epeiv. 9. crwox^eXovcri 8' ou8e^ ovre 2
et? TO /xa^eo-^at our' et9 ro ra eTTtr^Seta e^t^.
10. KpOLTLCTTOV* TJfJilv tCCT^at O>5 TOL^LOrTOL tVt TO
aKpov. 11. dXXa raura Trtpaiveiv 77817 a>pa. 12. 77
-PX*} ^l v T( ? Stao~7rao~^at 6 ra?
13. ourot t/caz^ot rjcrav rag a
14. SeVa 8e TO>J> i^ew^ TrpovTre^av et?
jJLeyav Xt/xeW KaTa<TK\jjaor0ai. 15. e/cet^at 7
yap Sta ro ^ e tpo 77X77 ^ecrt rot? Xt^ot? cr^e^So^az/
eTrt /3pa)(v I^LKVOVVTOLI. 16. MeVa>i> 8e vrptz/ 877X0^
eTi/at rt TTOUJO-OVCTLV ot aXXot, o-weXefe ro OLVTOV
o-rpdrevfjia. 17. e^a> yap rptT^pet? wcrre eXet^ ro
eVetVcu^ TrXolov. 18. Trpti^ /caraXucrat ro
ySacrtXeu? t<f>avrj. 19. T^uptV/cero 8e eV rat?
/xat? /Ao'XuySSo?, wcrre ^pjjcrdon, ets ra? o~^>e
20. etTret' ort cnreLcracrdai ySouXotro e^>' w
auro? rov? c/ EXX77i/a? dSt/ceti' /xT^re e/cetVou?
ra? ot/cta?. 21. 7rpt*> Se rd^eu/xa eft/c^etcr^at, e/c-
K\LVOVCTIV ot 3aaot /cat
II. 1. It seemed best to them to go away. 2. And
the station was near, where he was about to halt. 8
3. It is not, therefore, a time for us to be sleeping.
11
162 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
4. But it was a most fearful (thing) to see. 5. They
rush in pursuit. 9 6. They intrust their children to
them to be educated. 10 7. Let us, therefore, hem
them in so that (they) shall not be able to injure us.
8. It was manifest, therefore, that Menon desired to
be rich. 9. But the peltasts must pursue. 10. The
fairest equipment befits victory. 11 11. He accom-
plished this by 13 being severe. 13 12. We asked for
the galley for the purpose of collecting boats. 13. For
I should be able in this way to benefit my friends.
14. But they said they would give up the dead on
condition that they would not burn the houses.
15. It is safer for them to flee than for us. 16. But
when u it was now evening, it was time for the enemy
to go away. 17. For we have come to save you.
18. But the whole army crossed before the enemy ap-
peared. 19. For he was stern in aspect. 15 20. And
they crossed before the rest gave answer. 21. But I
so 16 brought (it) about that it seemed best to this
(man) v to cease warring 17 against me. 22. And he
sacrificed before speaking to any one. 23. He was
chosen to reconcile and restore you. 24. And they
made so 16 great a noise that even the enemy heard
(them).
NOTES.
1 Review the exercises of Lessons XXXI. and LXXI.
2 283, 8, second paragraph.
3 28, N. 1, at the end.
* Dative plural of the Participle modifying the subject of oi&Keiv, but at-
tracted into the case of itnrev<nv, 138, N. 8.
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 163
x
8 Sc. iffrl.
6 A dative of cause. The following ras dwdfj^is is the subject of the In-
finitive.
7 Sc. at fffavdovat. The subject of the following Infinitive is a pronoun
referring to the slingers.
8 202, 3, N.
9 Use the Infinitive of 5tc6/cw after eij, 262, 1.
10 Put the Infinitive in the Active voice.
11 The Infinitive of m-dw, 262, 2. For the case, 184, 2.
tf.
13 Nominative, $ 138, N. 8.
14 ty'lKO..
15 Literally, stern to see.
16 There is to be no separate word for so in the Greek sentence, where so that
is expressed by one word.
17 Genitive of the Infinitive, 174.
LESSON LXXY.
Participles.
GRAMMAR : 275 - 280. Add 275 ; 277, 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, and 6; 278,2; 279, 1, 2, and 3; 280, with notes
1 and 2.
Exercises. 1
I. 1. e'yw ovv OUTTOTC l-rravo^-qv /?acriXe'a
repos Trapajv Irvy^avev. 3. /xera rovrov aXXc?
, 7n,Sei/<m>s 2 TTJV evyOeiav rov ra TrXota alrtlv
4. KOL SiereXoui' ^paifjitvoi rot?
^evjjLaoTi. 5. /3ov\oi[jir)V S' a
aTTtw^ Kupov \a6tiv OLVTOV aweXOcov* 6. oi Se y8a^>-
fiapoi. tTTTret? /cat ^>euyo^re9 a/xa eYtrpaxTKOi' ets rou-
1G4 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
rofeiWre? OLTTO rwv ITTTTUIV. 7. TrapifyyeiXe
rots (frpovpdpxoiS XafJL/BdveLv aVSpas STL TrXeicrrous
a)? 5 eVi/^ouXeuoz'Tos Ticrcrac^e'pz'Oi's rat? TrdXecri.
8. 7re'/x7rw/iej> Se TrpoKaraX^i/fOjaeVov? 6 ra a/cpa, OTTW?
jit^ <f)0dcra)cri ol KiXi/ces /caraXa/3dj>res. 9. /cat
/care'/coi/iaV rt^as ra)z^ ecr/ceSacr/xeVcu^ eV ra> TreStw.
10. r<T#t d^O^TO? O)^. 11. OVK6TL 7TyOtdl//Tat
Seo/xeVovg ra)^ eTrtr^Sctaj^. 12. /x,era raura
TI\IOV BVVOVTOS eXefe rotaSe. 7 13. /cat rots t7T7rei}cru>
eiprjTO Oappovcri Staj/ceti/ 0)9 5 efaifjofjievrjs
14. TO, S' e/cetVa)^ 8 ou TreptetSe
15. ouro? Se, e'foi> /iez/ elpTjvTjv e^et^, atpet-
rat TroXe/xei^, efoz^ Se paOvp.eiv, /3ovXerat TTQVZW.
16. e/cd^re9 9 TreVoz^rat, e'foz^ avrot? rou? ^w ot/cot
a/cXTypou? TroXtreuo^ra? e^^aSe /co/xtcra/aeVou? TrXov-
criov? opa^. 17. ourot Se TrpocreX^d^re? /cat /caXe-
cra^re? rou? ap^ovTas \4yovo-iv STL jBacnXev^ /ceXeuet
auTOus, eVet VLK.UV ruy^a^et, TrapaSd^ra? ra ovrXa
td^ra? eTTt ra? ySacrtXe'a)? 6vpa<$ evpio~Keor@ai, di> TL
II. x l. But these got above the enemy (who were)
following. 10 2. For those who had been wounded
were many. 3. But another army was secretly sup-
ported 11 for him in Thrace. 4. For they have ceased
to war with one another. 5. He happened, to have
money. 6. We came and encamped 12 near him.
7. /Will you allow me to.be without honor among the
soldiers? 8. x A square is a bad arrangement when
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 165
enemies are following. 9. We attacked them while
(they were) crossing the ravine. 10. He went up
upon the heights without opposition. 13 x 1 1. But why,
then, when it was possible to slay you, did we not
proceed to do it? 14 12. When this had been said
they arose. 13. I therefore never ceased to pity you.
14. Let us therefore attack those who are burning the
ships. 15y>And they got upon the summit before
the enemy. 16./He immediately crossed the river
with his soldiers. 17., The enemy appeared while
the Greeks were crossing the river. 18. They then
announced that the generals had all suffered death.
19. Though he continues to send for me, I am not
willing to go. 20. And they made ready to receive
the enemy. 21. /We are conscious 15 that we have done
the citizens wrong. / 22. He suffered no injury, 16
though he had (only) a few soldiers (with him).
NOTES.
1 Review the exercises of Lessons XXXII., XXXIII., and LXXI.
2 $ 276, 1.
3 So. &TOS.
4 Modifies the subject understood of >a0eu>. For the case, see $ 138, N. 8.
5 $ 277, N. 2. and f 278. 1, small print.
6 f 277, 3. Se. ffTpaTiurras as object to Trtjj.TrujJ.fv.
7 148, N. 1.
8 Sc. Trpay/mara, their affairs.
9 138, N. 7.
10 Put the Participle in the attributive (f 142, 1) position.
11 Literally, was escaping notice, beinij supported.
12 Having come we encamped, etc.
13 No one opposhu/. 15 In Greek, conscious 1o ourselves.
14 Did we not come to (eiri) this?. 16 Sn/ered not/liny, ovtev, 159, N. 2.
ADDITIONAL EXERCISES ON FORMS.
I. Nouns : First Declension Uncontracted. (IV.)
I. 1. 17 2 riyyj] TOV TeyyiTyv rpe'<et. 2. ot KeX-
TOLl TGLS OvpOLS TO)V OLKLtoV* OuSeVoTC K\IOV(TLV. 3. Tft)
veav'ia* rrpeTrei rj ey/cpareta. 4. a/cyooarats 4 /cat
Trpoo"tJKi G rjorv^iav asyeiv. 5. 17 Xvpa ras
\vL. 6. 17 ^epiyLva rr^v /ca^oStW IcrOiei.
7. Si'/oy SLKTJV TLKTL KOi fiXdfirj /3\d/3r)v. 8. 17
//,Ta/2oXas ^et. 9. rr)^ veavlov d
10. STraprtarat 80^775 /cat TI/AT}? epa-
orrat elo-iv. 7 11. at /cw/>tat TruXa? ou/c
12. (TTreVSojLte^ rat? Moucrat?. 4 13. 17 KOLKLCL
CTrayet. 14. d/covo/xe^, a) SecrTrora. 9 15. a> va.via,
<f>peiS TO /3i/3\LOV (book] ; 16. 17 ey/cpareta crax^po-
/ > ^ ** / TI-^J\^IO N ^'
(Tvvj]v tv rr) ^v^rj rtfcret. 17. <ptXet TT)^ Tratoet-
a^, r^ crtefypoa-vvriv, TYJV dXrjOeiav, TV)V
18. 17 iratSeta Trrjyr) 11 rrjs cro^tag ecrrt^. 12 19. 17
cre/3eta ecrrt^ dp^ 7779 cro^)ta9. 20. eVt opv<f)f) rrjs
oiKia icrnv.
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 167
II. 1. Luxury begets injustice and covetousness.
2. Good behavior befits a citizen. 4 3. The nightin-
gales are singing. 4. He bears his 2 poverty easily.
5. The soldiers have short swords. 6. The citi-
zens 113 houses have doors. 7. They are setting the
house on fire. 8. Uprightness befits a judge. D.They
find daggers in u the houses of the village. ]0. The
young men admire the satrap's courage. 11. The
soldiers, O citizens, command the satrap to destroy
the bridge. 12. The (two) soldiers have daggers.
13. The soldiers are setting the citizens' houses on
fire. 14. We admire the (two) citizens on account
of 15 their friendship. 15. He commands the citizens
and the hoplites to guard the bridge and the village.
NOTES.
1 The numeral (TV.) signifies that this set of Exercises is to be taken after
Lesson IV. So the next set is to be taken after Lesson VIII., etc.
2 141, N. 2.
3 142, 1, and 142, -2, N. 2, at the end.
* 184, 2.
6 141, N. 1, (6).
6 // becomes, Cf. 134, N. 2.
7 Are y third person plural of the Present Indicative of dpi, to Iff. The
form is an enclitic, 27, with 3, and 28, with 1.
8 29, and 13, 2, second paragraph.
9 The recession of the accent in the vocative of beffiroT^ is irregular.
10 The contracted form of 0tX^t, third singular of 0:\e'w.
11 When in a sentence of this kind whose verb is the copula there are two
nominatives, the one with the article is generally the subject.
12 Third singular of dpi. For the accent, cf. $ 28, 3. For the accent in the
next sentence, cf. 28, 2.
13 142, 1.
14 V ($ 29), with the dative.
15 8td, with the accusative.
168 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
II. Nouns : Second Declension TTncontracted. (YIIL)
I. 1. kiovvcrov rrjs dfjiireXov tvpeTrjv eXeyov. 1
2. at vrjcroL olvov /cat O~ITOV /cat eXaiov efapov.
3. TOV TMV Oea)v (TLTOV Xtyovcriv ol TTOLrjTal djjifipo-
oriav. 4. crvv.^ov<Ti TOV TCOV" dv0pa)ira)v PLOT; evep-
yecrta KOL np,r) KOL rt/xwpta. 5. Kpivei (f>i\ovs o KOLL-
po<$. 6. 6 VTT^O? rrjs voo~ov <f)dpp,aKOv Icrnv. 7. 6
aero? Xayws Orjpevei. 8. VTTVOS /cat Odvaros elcnv
aSeX^w. 9 : 6 Kvvayos TOV Xaycov v(f)t\rj"' TtOripaKtv.
10. ot Oeol TMV av9p<*)TTO)v* $>povTi{ !> ovo~iv. 11. row?
12. <xeu* t & SouXe, TOV ovov
TO) veavia e'fceXevcra. 13. 6 oti>o<? eXeXu/cet ra? TOJV
dvOpa)7Ta)v nepifjivas. 14. 6 0dvaTOS rpu? dv0pa)7Tovs
dneXvo-e Trovcov. 6 15. crtyr) veavia TifJLrjV (f>epeL.
16. 6 Kafco? 7 rotg ^eot? /cat rots dvOpcoTrois l^0po<s
IO-TLV. 17. TO) raw 8 TTTepd ecrrt^. 9 18. eV rot? rail/
^eai^ *>ews crr^Xat T^crai^. 10 19. TeOvKao~L rot? #eot5.
20- 6 dSeXc^o? /3i/3\.LOV eypacfrev.
II. 1. The (two) bulls draw the wagon. 2. Dan-
ger is a test of courage. 11 3. We chased 12 the wolves.
4. The speech delighted the men. 5. The enemy
were pursuing from 13 the river. 6. The philosophers
wrote books about 14 wisdom. 7. The house has
halls. 8. He is leading the bull. 9. The soldiers
find treasures in the temples. 10. The Egyptians
consider 1 the sun and the moon gods. 11. They are
setting the (two) temples on fire. 12. Wine gladdens
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 169
the souls of men. 13. They closed the hall-door. 15
14. The young man trusted the satrap's soldiers. 16
15. The Samians keep peacocks in honor of Hera. 17
1 IfiG.
2 When a
This is called
3 188, 1
4 171, 2
8 184, 1
6 174.
7 139, 1
8 184, 4
9 135, 2
NOTES.
noun in Greek is used of a w/tofa class of objects, it has the article,
the yeneric article, and often cannot be translated into English.
u 141, N. 1, (6).
12 eStci^a/xe/', i. e. tSiuK-aa/uLfv, cf. 16, 2.
14 irtpi, with the genitive.
15 2%(? /feor (plural of Otipa) of the hall, f 142, 1.
16 184, 2.
17 In honor of Hera, in Greek simply "for Hera," 184, 3.
10 Were, third person plural Imperfect Indicative of et/w, to be.
Ill Verts : Indicative Active. (X.
I. 1. ore eTrX^o-ta^o/iev, ro're ot /3dp/3apot, aire-
<f>vyov. 2. 6 tarpo? TOI> avOpuirov
3. ore 17X105 fcareSeSu/cet, ot TroXe/xtot
4. avefjios yap ov KwrjcreL Trvpyov. 5. crvvjjKoXov-
Orjcrav Se TCJ^ <Trpari<i)ra)V Sta/cocrtot. 6. Ta TWI^
Tlepcrwv tepa Kat ot M^Sot Tert/u/^/cacrtz'. 7. ot TTOI-
T^ ra)z> 'A.0rjvai(jt)v aperr^v iJLf.^vvKacriv. 8. ot
riyopatpv olvov. 9. rdfa yctp /cat or^e^So^a?
10. rov5 i>e&)5 e/ce/cocruTQ/cea'a^. 11. ot
rwv TroAe/xiw^ rpiaKovra Tre
12. 7TW5 IT pdrrei o aSeX<o5 ; 13. Tret^crovcrt /cat
Sti//7^o~oucrt /cat piyata'ovo'i /cat aypvTTvr}crova"iv.
170 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
14. 'AXefaz'Spos e/caroz> TaXavra
15. elra ra? Si<#epa9 cru^yo^. 2 >6. roforr;? erw-
<f)\a)cr TOV Qiknnrov. 17. e^etpord^crar ot TroXirac
err par^y ovs. 18. row? Se avOpatnovs ra TrXota 3 aTre-
(7Tp7JKLT. 19. TOU? TToXlTa? a)<f>\TJKW. 20. T-
T\VTrJKL 6 CTTpaTlWT^?.
II. 3. The young man had written the letter.
2. You have educated your children well. 3. You
sacrificed to the Muses. 4. He led the army forward.
5. I have often hunted hares. 6. We found 4 gold in
the tents. 7. We have called an assembly of the
soldiers. 8. But he banished 4 the citizens. 9. The
citizens embraced 4 their children. 10. The general
collected 4 his soldiers together in the plain. 1.1. We
shall command the bowmen to shoot. 12. For they
tried 5 to surround the villages. 13. He will write a
letter to the general. 14. He has asked 3 the satrap
for pay. 15. We sent both targeteers and bowmen
upon the hill.
NOTES.
1 Cf. note 2, Lesson V. 3 $ 164. 8 Use the Aorist.
2 26, N. 1. * Use the Imperfect.
IV. Adjectives: First and Second Declension TTncontracted.
(XII.)
I. 1. KCL\OV <f)VOV(ri KOLpTTOV Oi CT6jU,^OL TpOTTOL.
2. 6 I'djuos eTTcuVou 1 ecrrt^ aio9, 09 /caAuet, Aca/ca>>
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 171
ayopevzw rou9 vtKpovs. 3. ovoi o/yptot IP ro> TreStw
erpe^o^. 4. dyaOr) r) dSeX<wi> KOIVCJVIO. ecrrtV.
5. 'A^z'ats 2 $eta Sofa ivr'iv. 6. e/c TOJZ> o"irov$a)v
tlpTJVTjv /SefiaiOLV e^o/xe^. 7. at rajy dyaOwv dvflpa)-
TTOIV (f)L\iai Ptpaioii ticrus. 8. KaXrjv wS^ aSei.
9. Trap* IcrOXa)^ Icr6\a fjLavOdvtis. 10. Trtcrro?
erai^oo? rwz/ dyaOwv* re /cat TOJI/ KOLKUV /^ere^et.
11. ot d^SpeTot dyijpaiv eiraivov \a[JL/3dvovo-ii>. 12. 6
OrjpevTTjS <l>i\66ripos rjv KOL (^iXtTTTro?. 13. /cat
Suo /caXa) re /caya^w 5 crr^oartajra r
14. ei/^w^ot yap rjcrav. 15. ot ^eot rots d
tXew etcrti^. 16. /cat eV/o-^craz/ ep ot/ctat? /caXat?
/x,ecrrats crtroi;. 17. ot ^eot rd XotTrd eVereXecra^.
18. Kvpo? yap /3acrtXt/co9 re /cat dp^etz/ 7 dftos ^.
.19. VTrep yap TT}? /COJ/XT;? yTyXo^o? /caXo? ^. 20. 6
KVKVOS Xeu/cd?, 6 Se raa>5 Trot/ctXo? ecrrtV.
II. 1. The valor of the Spartans 9 was wonderful.
2. The road was impassable. 3. The villages were
close together. 4. The land was fertile. 5. The
hoplites have wooden shields. 6. The gods were
propitious. 7. (There) is another road. 8. The sol-
diers were without breakfast. 9. The gods are both
free from old age and immortal. 10. The young
man was fond of danger. 11. White clouds were
hiding the sun. 12. You were criminal and unjust.
13. The road was long, but nevertheless passable by
wagons. 14. The citizens were faithful and constant.
15. They are singing beautiful songs in the theatre.
172 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
NOTES.
1 f 178, N. 6 f 185, and 184, 2.
2 $184, 4. 7 2(51, 1, with x.
3 Cf. note 7, Additional Exercises, II. 8 Cl'. note 9, Lesson XIX.
* 170, 2. 142, 1.
6 | 11, 1, with ().
V. Nouns and Adjectives : Contracts of the First and Second
Declensions. (XI V. )
I. 1. ol TIepcraL Ovov&iv 17X10; KOLL yfj /cat cre\TJvr).
2. vevpa /cat 60*70, 6 avOpcuTros ex et * ^- a ^ 77a / c> -
^eVot eV /caz^otg rou? KapTrovs <f)epov<Tiv. 4. ot
dya^oi TroXtrat rou? avovs S-^/xayojyoi;? <$)vyov<riv.
5. ot ofjiOLOL rot? o/xotot? evvoi etcrti^. 6. aTrXovs 6
a\r)0eias Xoyos ecrrtV. 7. 6 dotSo? ^pv&ovv
(j)pL. 8. XeU/CCt VtKpWV OCTTOL 1(TTIV 1 V TO)
avrpa). 9. at TO>^ ^ew^ a/xafcu apyvpovs
10. 01 7rXouo~tot e/c
. 11. eu^ot ^>tXot rou?
vovcri rfj irpovoia? 12. ot dya^oi ^>tXot TTICTTOV vovv
<i)(ova-Lv. 13. 6 77X01)5 (TTLV 00817X05 rot5 ^aurat5.
]4. 6 0^X05 oufc e^et i/ow. 15. ou/c Ipilpp.ev rot5
a^ot5- 3 16. at OepaTTaivai iv KOLVOLS rov aprov Trpoor-
<f)epovcrLV. 17. 6 $dVaro5 Xeyerat
18. 7rXoGro5 a^eu ^ou 6>totco5 ICTTLV
1777705 a^eu xati'Oi. -. vevpa /cat o-r
(f)6apTd icmv. 1 20. 6 jute^ 17X10? (T(f)aipa -^pvcrrj, 17
Se o~\jji'rj apyvpa ca'at 5
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 173
II. 1. They are carrying golden fruit 6 in a silver
basket. 2. The bones of Orestes were at Tegea.
3. The gods afforded the sailors 7 a fair voyage.
4. The goblet is of silver. 5. A kindly word lightens
pain. 6. We have friends (that are) well disposed.
7. Xenias was well disposed to Cyrus. 8. The
man's speech was simple. 9. The young man was
admiring the golden goblet. 10. Shall the soldiers
trust the senseless general? 11. We will not obey
a senseless man. 12. The voyage was down 8 stream.
13. There are stones in the current of the river.
14. Senseless (men) give way to their desires. 9
15. We admire the skill of Hermes.
NOTES.
1 135, 2. 6 Plural.
2 188, 1. 7 Dative, 184, 1.
3 18f), N. 1. 8 Kara with the accusative.
4 130. 9 184, 2.
5 To be, Present Infinitive of et/u.
VI, Verbs: Indicative Middle. (XV.)
I. 1. OVK 6TT6L06TO. 2. 7Tpl TtoV KOLVtoV /3oV~
XevovTo. 3. o (fri\6cro<j)o<; /Ae'^s 1 /ecu XaXtas 7ra/x-
TTOLV a-rrei^eTo. 4. ol 7roXe)iuoi eVl 'Aft^a? TTO-
pvcrovTai. 5. Trepl rirjs TWV TroXtra)^
fiov\vcr6iJL0a. 6. eVt rou? Hepcras
7. 6 TTOLrjTrjs \6yov TTtTroirjTai rrepl aptrrjs. 8. ol
174 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
TroXlrai CTLTOV <TVV drover iv, <5 2 Opeifjovrai eV rfj TTO\L-
opKLa. 9. 01 TToXircu roi? ^d/xot? Tretcro^rai. 10. ra
8' Tpa Trapd Otiov yTrjO'dp.rji'. 11. ra? T7}9 ot/aa?
e/ce/cXetro. 12. 7ronjo"ao'0 rous
evvovs. 13. (rvverd^avro^ ol
&)? ets p,d^r}V. 14. (TTparrjyovs aipirjcrovTaL
et ^17 fiovXerai KXeap^o? cbrayeii/. 15.
Xeiav 6 Srjjico? eXeXvro. 16. eV Ipyacriav
17. ot Se SovXot eXoucrai/ro. 18. l7T7roirjTo vroXe-
/zoz' eVt TOI^ (TOLTpaLTr-qv crvv roTs crr^aTiajrat?. 19. ot
TToXtrat rou5 vtOLVias eTratSeucra^ro. 4 20. ot crTpa.-
nwrat i^ TW TreStw '
II. 1. AVe will deliberate about the safety of the
citizens. 2. He did not obey 5 the Thirty. 3. The
philosophers exhorted the citizens to 6 self-control.
4. We will obey God rather than men. 5. Cyrns
enslaved 7 the Medes. 6. We had deliberated with-
out anger. 7. The soldiers bathed in the river.
8. They procured 5 themselves arms from the neigh-
boring villages. 9. The villagers are warding off
danger from themselves. 10. The men will guard 8
themselves against their enemies. 11. The hoplites
accordingly were arming themselves for battle. 12. A
cloud of dust is seen 9 in the plain. 13. We immedi-
ately sent for boats and arms. 14. The army had
already proceeded to the villages above the river.
15. The villagers, therefore, are deliberating how they
shall persuade the satrap.
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 175
NOTES.
1 174.
2 188, 1. For the following verb see
3 The simple ($ 107) stem of rdrrw is rcry-. Of. 108, 4, 1.
* 199* N. 2.
6 Imperfect.
6 irpos.
7 Aorist.
8 The simple stem of the verb ^uXarrw is <f>v\a.K- (seen in 0u\a, 0u\a/c-os).
Cf. 108, 4, 1.
9 " Is seen," i. e. appears.
VH. Nouns: Third Declension TJncontracted. (XVII.)
I. 1. 01 p,ev l yvTre? veoTTevovcnv CTTI
arois, ot 8e oprvy<; KOLL TrepSt/ce? eVt 7775
2. 17 'I^Si/a) X^P a *X i ^tfias /carayetov?
eraXXaj^. 3. ra acrrpa rag wpa? r^?
L&i. 4. at TrovTjpal eXmSes, atcnrep ol
t, eVt ra dp, a pry par a ay over iv. 5. ra
TOVS veovs airoTpeTrei djJLapTr}p.dTO)v. G. x a ^ "
po^rtSe? etcrl Xvirypal Ty ^XV' 7. rot? ye-
POVCTLV iTreiOovro oi veaviai. 8. SiKaiov iarrw VTTtp
TrarpcSo? crrpareuecr^at. 9. ""H^atcrTO? rw TrdSe 2
i/. 10. et/cora)? r^ a^aptcrTtW ^ye/xd^a eVi
ra atcr^pa \eyovcriv. 11. ai dcrTu'Ses p,LKpal rf<rav.
12. ol XeWres dp7rd^ovo"L TJ]V aypav roTg OVVL S Kal
rot? KpaTepo'iS oSoGcrt^. 13. TTJS rjpepas* ol aXXot
opviOes Trjv yXaGfca TI\\OVCTIV. 14. x 6 ^/ 5 X e ^P a v ^ ei -
15. TO XP V(T ' IOV >z/ ^ v /o^ /3acravi^op.v. 16. a?ro TT^?
vrjorov 19 At/3u^^ TrXovs
176 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
17. ot Trot/xeW? ra? ra>v atycji' dysXas ets rov? Xet/xa>-
*>a? i\avvovcriv. 18. 6
Xeucre orrparevecrOai. 19. ore 6 Kjjpv
01 <uyaes a7re<f)vyoi>. 20. ot TrcuSe? ra
crvv TroVois /cat
II. 1. The boys play. 2. The shepherd is driv-
ing the goats. 3. They drive their horses with whips.
4. We will not honor flatterers. 5. An ant's life is
full of toil. 6. Cyrus leaped down from his chariot.
7. Favor begets favor, strife (begets) strife. 8. The
orator refrains from unseemly strife. 9. (There) was
a fight once of the giants 6 against the gods. 10. The
king is come with his army. 11. In difficult affairs
few companions are faithful. 12. The Greeks pour
out bowls of milk to the gods as offerings. 13. The
shepherds wonder at the armies. 14. The boys will
taste the milk. 15. (There) were both quail and
cock fights 7 among the Athenians.
NOTES.
1 Cf. note 9, Lesson XIX. e 16?, 5.
2 160, 1. 6 184, 4.
3 188, 1. 7 Contests of quails and of cocks,
* 179, 1.
VIII. Verbs : Indicative Passive. (XVIII.)
I. 1. tt)i>o/xaeTO o-cor^p 7^9 TrarptSo?. 2. ot
X^crrat Tre^oWwrat VTTO TOJV TroXtrw^. 3. Suo
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 177
dSeX(/>&> VTTO TOV avrov 1 StSacr/caXov 7re7ratSevo-#oi>.
4. Tots #eots VTTO ra>v 'AOyvaiajv TroXXot
TOLI. 5. Hez/o<aWos vtw eVeTr
6. at TTuXat K-e/cXeto-o^Tat. 7. at
TO)J> rvpdvvtov KaT\v0r)(rav. 8. 6 X^crr^s <f>ovv
0TtjcreTaL. 9. ot crrpartairat 77-^005 rous
TropevecrOai eKeXevcrOrjcrav. 10. ^TrdprT) vrore
cretcr/toi) Set^ws Io-eicr07). 11. 6 TroXe/xo?
cr^. 12. 17 crvvOriKir) VTTO TMV f$apl3dpwv XeXvrat.
13. Suo /caXw tTTTTO) et9 TT)I> KC^IJLTJV rjXavvecrOrjv.
14. W5 (//6w) ot V EXX^^5 e7ropev0rjo-(w, eV ra> e/x-
7rpocr0ev Xoya) SeS^Xwrat. 15. raura VTTO rwi' TroXe-
jjiiwv 7T7rpaKTO. 2 16. MtXrtaS^s cj^o/xoc^ero crajrrjp
r^5 'EXXaSo?. 17. TO crai/xa rou /cpo/coSetXoi; Oavp.a-
o~raj5 oj^vpo)Tai. 18. ez^ 7roXe//-w a7roAce/ct^Su^euo~erat
ra re ^p^/xara /cat at ifjv^ai. 19. Kvpo9 eVatSeuero
u^ rot? aXXot? 7rato"tV. 20. TO orTpaTevjjia
8e crvveXe^e TO e
/cat IXefe Ta8e. D
II. 1. The treaty had been "broken by the Greeks.
2. For we have been persuaded by our commanders
to proceed. 3. The royal authority had been abol-
ished by the people. 4. Guides, therefore, will be
sent to the Greeks at daybreak. 5. They were sent
into the camp by the enemy. 6. The judges were
completely deceived by the accuser. 7. The ranks
will be deserted by the soldiers. 8. The democracy
has been overthrown by the tyrant. 9. The temples
12
178 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
of the gods have been adorned with Phrygian spoils.
10. The property has been stolen 7 by thieves. 11. He
will be vexed because the money was not sent.
12. The boys had been well educated. 13. Socrates
was called a wise man (avTJp) by the Athenians.
14. The army was brought in safety 8 to Greece by
the generals. 15. The villages had been plundered
by the satrap's army.
NOTES.
1 Same, 79, 2.
2 The simple stem of the verb Trpdrrw is -irpo/Y-. Cf. 108, 4, I. For the
euphonic change, cf. 16, 1.
3 16, 1.
* Of himself, 80.
B As follows, literally these (things), neuter plural of 6'5e, 83.
6 $ 188, 1.
T 1 he simple stem of /cXeTrrw is icXerr-. Cf. 108, 3.
8 Imperfect.
IX. Nouns : Third Declension Contracted. (XXI.)
I. 1. Oavaros ICTTL Xucrt? ^X*7 ? ( * 7r
2. TO19 TTGUCTt XP*) C^W, 1 OV ^jpV(TLOV
3. TO ^aipiop Kepa/xetKO? 6Vo/Aa ZX L
Kepa/xou. 4. rj yXauf Orjptvei /xv?. 3 5. aXi
TO.L /xaXtcrra ot t^^ue? irpo fjXiov avaroXrjs KOL /xera
Sucrt^. 6. TT)V fypovrjcnv Trjs t//v^9 to"
7. ot o^)L9 ecrOiovcTLv opviOia. 8. ra
rat? 7rdXeo-L crrao-et? eyet/oei. 9. TrdXea
TrpdrTyra? ^aujaa^o/xe^, ras Se TrarptSa?
10. ez> TT} 2vpia TCL TTpoftara ra? ou^oas e)(et TO
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 179
TrXaros 5 Tn^ews. 11. ot orv^ac^oi vavcrlv els '
vas 7r\eovcrLi>. 12. KOLVOS yupos aVacrt, 6 TreV^crt re
/cat /3aorL\evo-iv. 13. rot? *A0ipaiOt$ 7r\rj0os Tpuf)-
pojv TIP. 14. at rt/xat raw yovlw rot? e/cyoVots tcrt
/caXos Orjo-avpos. 15. dXXa /cat alyas /cat ySoi)?
Tpefai. 16. ecrrt ra)^ *>eW /cat rot9 yepovcn /cat
rat? ypavcrlv afta? rtjuias aTro^e/xetr. 17. ra
Tet/ X 1 7 T ^ 7r /os TOZ^ Iletpata 7 rerra^a/co^ra cr
rjcrav. 18. aTroySaXXet ^ eXacjfco? ra /cepa ej' Tovrots
/cat SucrefeuyoeVot?. 19. 6 Odvaros TMV iv
KOLKUV (fxipfjiaKOP IO-TLV. 20. TO yeVo? rair az/-
9pa>Tra)v ov fjiovov rot? 7779 y^5 (^urots, 8 dXXa /cat
fiocTKrjfJidTajv yaXa/crt /cat ruyow /cat Kptacri r
II. 1. The wise (man) scrutinizes the end of
every 9 undertaking before he begins it. 10 2. The
singers are worthy of honor and respect. 3. Man
surpasses in understanding 11 the rest of 12 animals. 13
4. The soldiers sailed away to the island in the
triremes. 5. Those in the city 14 admire the poet's
wisdom. 6. (There) were in the ships the old women
arid the children and the cattle. 7. Man has five
senses, touch, sight, hearing, taste, (and) smelling.
8. The horsemen were being drawn up before the
king. 9. The river contains all 15 kinds of fish.
10. Clearchus holds the right wing of the army.
11. The city has two beautiful harbors. 12. Her
walls afforded this city safety. 13. He drove 16 his
chariot through the ranks of the Greeks. 14. (Men)
180
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
call old age the winter of life. 15. If one 17 has a
beautiful body and a corrupt heart, he has a good 18
ship and a bad pilot.
NOTES.
1 $ 55, N. 1.
2 55, N. 1, second paragraph.
3 9, 5.
4 166.
5 160, 1.
6 185.
7 53, 3, N. 3.
8 188, 1.
9 irdo-Tjs, genitive singular feminine
ot'Tras, 67.
10 Literally, Iff ore ilte ley'inning.
11 188, 1, N. 1.
12 142, 2, N. 3.
13 175, 2.
14 141, N. 3, second paragraph.
15
ira.VTOi.os.
16 Imperfect.
17 TIS, an enclitic, 84, and 27, 2.
I.
X. Verbs: Subjunctive. (XXIII.)
1. KVVOLS TpecfrojJLei', Iva TOL><? \VKOVS OLTTO TOJV
7rpo/3dTO)v aTrepvKOJCTLV. 2. p^rj (^euyoj/xe^, dXXa KOL-
Xa>9 aaro0PTJO'K(afiif virep TT}? TrarptSo?. 3. ol <f>av-
XOL ev \eyovcTLV, Iva r^v 86av rrjs apeTrjs
(TLV. 4. a^Speta)? fJLa^cjfJLeOa, & crTpaTLwrcu,
fjir) eVt TOVTOLS 0)}JLV. 5. avoiTrava-^^eOcL, &
TOVTOV TOV TTO\fJLOV. 6. CLVTrj TTp6<$>OLO'l < $ CCTTat TOV
TTo\ep,ov, j]V jJLrj aKOvordxriv. 1 . ^ iroLTJcrrjTe o TroX-
Xa/ci? vfjias ey8Xai//e^ SeSot/ca. 8. lav TOVTOVS roug
alcrOavcofjieOa tvavriovs rfj oXtyap^ta, C/CTTO-
Troir^crojJLeOa. 9. eaz^ rotovro? TT)^ TroXtTeta^
vr), /caXaJ? efet. 10. e'ai^ /x^ raura dcr/o/cn?,
11. ^oj8o$ roug TroXiVas e^ct, /xr) at cru^-
OrJKCLL V7TO TU>V TToXefJLLOJV XvOoHTLV. 12. TTaVTOi TTpOLTTZ
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 181
Trpovoias, fjirj djuaprdV^s. 13. oirros 6
ai 1 o)<? p.rj KO)Xvrj ITTLKVTTT^IV. 14. ov
7T<f)6/Br]Tai ovSe Se'Sot/ce /XT) Sofa^ TrovrjpLas e^ry.
15. 01 yap TToXe/xioi et? ra op?? (frev^ovTai, eav
. 16. feat e'y&j, iavrrep fiovXy, Trepl TUV
. 17. 6 Se JJLOLVTL^ SeSot/ce /IT) Ka.rap.4vri
T) CTTpaTid. 18. av e/CTrXe^re, jJLicr0o(f)opav rrape^a)
/cao"Ta> rou fjirjvos. 2 19. /cat eaz^ eya>
aSt/co? et^at, KoXd^ecrOe. 20. cwyoa, ecrrt
KOLKO'L re /cat atcr^poi
II. 1. Let us deliberate about the safety of the
city. 2. If you make 3 this man a friend, 4 he will aid
(you). 3. The boy brings the book to his teacher
that he may read (it). 4. Let us remain at home.
5. Let us shun the unseemly and aspire after 5 the
beautiful. 6. If these soldiers fight courageously,
they will be honored. 7. For if you put these her-
alds to death, there will be war. 8. They fear that
the robbers will slay the villagers. 9. Let us fight
nobly for our country. 10. If you work, you will
fare well. 11. The citizens fear that the treaties will
be broken. 12. If you educate these children well,
they will honor (you). 13. Let us rest, O soldiers,
and deliberate. 14. If he say that, he will speak the
truth. 15. They fear that the soldiers will in this
way be persuaded.
182 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
NOTES.
1 Perfect passive, in passive sense, of cpydfoftai. For the simple stem, cf.
108, 4, I., second paragraph.
2 179, 1. * 166.
3 Aorist. e 6pfyo/j.ai with the genitive, 171, 1.
XI. Adjectives: Third Declension, and First and Third De-
clensions Combined. (XXIV.)
I. 1. av6pa)7TOS OLTV^qs crto^Tai VTT
2. TT}S TratSetas at pev pt'at etcrt Trt/cpat, yXu/cets Se
01 KapnoL 3. TO TUV fioutv yeVo? rot? dz^pwTroig
Xuo~tT\ / ? ecrrt^. 4. Sofa /cat TrXoGros d
ou/c aa-(j>a\rj Acr^/xara. 5. Tracra
atocru^s 7ravovpyicL y ov o~o^)ta
6. Xeyw/xe^ det rd dXrjOfj, a) TraTSe?. 7. 'Hpa/cX^?
rot? dru^eo~t <Ta)T7]pLav TTapzi^ev. 8. TreVo^e? ot
TTOpffrvpol /cat yXu/cet9 etcrt^. 9. Std
KTrj(TLV 7TO.VT^ Ot 7TO\fJLOi TOt? av
10. 17 \Lp.VY} iravTo'iovs e^et iyOvs, &v
ICTTIV r} crdp. 11. rw^ /cu/c^wz^ ot /xez^ 1 Xeu/cot, ot
Se /^eXa^e? eicriv. 12. euSat/zo^e'? etcrt^ ot av0pa)7TOL,
ot tXea>5 e^ouo-t rou? 0eou9. 13. ot d/cparet? ala-^pav
SoiAetW 2 SovXeuovcrt^. 14. ou vrdcrt rot? 7rXoto*tot5
evSat/xoo-ti/ 3 eti^at. 15. TrdVres ot
rjcrav TT^? Xeta?. 4 16. w raXawa d
]) TTaZ^TOtat tO~t fJLtpLjJLVaL. 17. fJLVTJfJLOV$ TCDV TOV
cro(j>ov Xdywi' eV/xeV. 18. yapiPTa yopov" IP TO)
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 183
Oedrpco yoptvovcriv ol ^ppevrai. 19. Set TOP evytvr)
ov IJLOVOV yeWt G dXXa /cat eOecru /cat TrpdyfJiao'LV etVat
eKTrpeTTrj. 20. ^w/cpartys eV rrj Stairi? e'y/cparr}? rp>
/cat KdpTtpLKOS TTpos i/fu^o? /cat ^et/xaW, ?rp09 94po<;
/cat 17X10^, Trpos Tra^ras TTO^OV? /cat /c
II. 1. The robbers plunder everything. 2. Men
are delighted by pleasing songs. 7 3. Hopeful 8 (men)
bear their ills easily. 4. God 9 is a punisher of the
too high-minded, b. All men have not the same 10
mind. 6. The fruit 11 is sweet. 7. The bridges were
broad 13 and the river was deep. 8. All hate a loqua-
cious person. 9. The gifts of the satrap were pleas-
ing. 10. Pleasure is sweet, but pain sharp. 11. All
the Libyans were black. 12. He trusted the prudent
general. 13 13. The citizens were unfortunate but
well-born. 14. The words of the soothsayer are
clear. 15. All the soldiers had black shields.
NOTES.
1 143, 1. 6 188, 1, N. 1. 10 79, 2.
2 159. 7 188, 1. n Plural.
3 138, N. 8. 8 66, N. 3. 12 Cf. note 9, Lesson XIX.
* 180, 1, and 170, 2. 9 Use the article. 13 184, 2.
5 180, 1, and 171, 2.
XII. Verbs: Optative. (XXVI.)
I. 1. apa OVK I av dpecrKOi o avOpuTros rot?
#eot9, 2 et irtiOoLTO ai'Tot? ; 2. rts a.v TTtareucrete
184 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
\JjevcrTr], /cat el ak-qBevcreiev ; 3. el ovrais
dVoX/3os OVTTOT av eZrjs. 4. Kupw c^tXot eti'at TTC/H
Trai'TOS a^ TTOL-Yjo-aifJieOa. 5 5. ra^ .(TTpaTrjycov Karrj-
yoprjo'ev, iva CLVTOS TrepLcrajOeiTj. 6. i rou? M^Soi;?
TTOLTJcraifja, TTOLVTMV ye av TCDV irepi^ yoaSta>9
. 7. 6 Trat? TW Trai&oTpifir) p68ov (j)epev, Iva
8. t a/xa IXevOepos T elr)s KOI TrXoucrto?,
ai/ ert Seoto ; 9. ol crrpartwrat ei? TT)Z^ TroXe-
yfjv eTropevOrjo'av, Iva ^lapTrd^oivTO. 10. eSe-
p,rj rj yetfrvpa XvOeirj. 11. et ravra
ai' ctx^eXr^creta?. 12. et e^ot/xei^
<j)i\ov<; yoaStw? av Troioi^eOa^ 13. et IvrevOev ets
'EXXaSa TTOpevea-Qai ftovXoivro, OVK av ^
14. ov/c ai^ OavfJid^OLfjLL, el /coXa^ot rou? KaKOvpyovs.
15. raura S' errpa^ev, Iva rou? crrpartwra? e^aTrarij-
o-eiev. 16. TTW? ai^ ow e'yw ^Lacraijjirjv TOVTOVS TTO-
peveorOai, el /IT) /BovXoLVTO ; 17. oSro? yap eSeicre
/IT) d8t/ccj5 8a>po)v 7 Staj/coijutei'. 18. dXX* OTT&J? ot
(rrpartctjrat eKTrXevcreiav CTTI ra;^ TpLijpajv, Std ravra
(rvvefiovXevev. 19. efioyj&rjcrav ovv roi? crrpartw-
rai9, oTraj? cruz^ Kivois jjid^oivro /cat /XT) /xoVot fCt^Su-
i^euote^. 20. 7rape7re/xi//e Se /cat TOJZ> vJLVTra)v av-
6pd)7rovs evtjuvovs et? rd d'/cpa, OTTWS
II.* 1. He would perhaps hire these mercenaries,
if they should proceed into his province. 2. They
feared that we should all fare ill. 3. I was there to
fight. 8 4. The king feared that the satrap would
plot against the cities. 5. If he should do this, he
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 185
would harm the city. 6. He was apprehensive that
his enemies would be honored. 7. He feared that
the soldiers would not fight bravely. 8. You would
not be happy, even if we should gratify (you) in this.
9. And then they brought the young man into the
city, that he might be chastised for his deeds. 7 10. If
the general should send for the ships, he would do
wrong. 11. I wrote the king this letter, that the
whole affair might be made clear (to him). 12. If,
therefore, we should slaughter the cattle, we should
in this way procure ourselves provisions. 13. He
therefore feared that the army might not arrive 9 in
time. 14. But we asked for arms with which to
defend ourselves. 10 15. Nor even if I should send
for the ships, would you follow me.
NOTES.
282, 2. 2 184, 2. 3 226, 2.
141, N. 3. For the case, cf. $ 171, 3.
What, genitive singular of the interrogative pronoun TS, 84. For the
case, cf. 172, 1.
9, 4. 9 Trdpt/J.i.
173, 2. 10 Cf. the third English sentence ahove.
" That I might fight."
XIII. Verbs: Imperative. (XXIX.)
I. 1. ITTOU Oea) Kal rots vocals ireiOov. 2. OVKOVV
lacroLTO) fM Kal SoKeiv Kal elmi Ka\6v re KayaOov.
3. TO, a<f)avrj TCHS ^az^epot? 1 TeKpaipov. 4. avopuv
186 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
(f>av\a>v opKOv ets v&cop ypd(f>e. 5. dvtcnrdcrQa) TO
ayKvpiov. 6. rj yXcocrcrd crov p.rj Trporp^era) TOV
vov. 7. /AT) c^euyere rows TTO^OU?, dXX* e0e\ovTal
8. avO pa)iro<; wv" /Ae'/A^Ticro r^9 Koivrjs
9. ftir) XVTTTJCTOP TOP TTOLrlpa.. 10. (X^p ^OL-
T) vofJLL^ecrOa) (^1X05. 11. Trpo roO epyov eS
/3e/8ouXei;<TO. 12. ot z^eot TratSeuecr^wcra^. 13. vra-
rr^p re /cat p<TJTr)p TTpovoiav e^erajf rrj? rai^ T^KV^V
TratSeta?. 14. OLKOVCTOV JJLOV, a> <^>iXe. 15. Suo avSpe
16. TOJ dSeX^o) 7recr^a>^. 17. 6 0a)pa
a>? JU,T) K0)\vrj KaBi^eiv. 18. /AT)
\ljEVor0fjs /caXaT? I\.TTLO-LV, dXXa TrecpdOrjTL a Sward
ea-TLv. 19. 6 Se lepdaruXo? UTTO r>}? Xt/xatpa? Sta-
cnracr0T]Ta). 20. eV^or^crare ort eVt ra?? Ovpcus
'EXXaSo? e
II. 1. Refrain, therefore, from disgraceful actions.
2. At daybreak pray to the gods. 3. Send for the
ships. 4. Let the door be closed once for all. 3
5. Do not blame this poor man. 6. Let a comrade
trust a comrade. 7. Work, if you wish to fare well.
8. Let not the bad (man) occupy the place of the good
(one). 9. Hear the witnesses, O judges ! 10. Re-
ceive me, sea ! 11. Let the citizens guard the
laws. 12. Proceed, therefore, at once, that you may
encamp near us. 13. Let the old men remain in the
village. 14. Hold fast the beautiful, 4 Athenians!
15. Let them send the scout upon the mountains at
daybreak.
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 187
NOTES.
1 188, 1. 3 202, 2, N. 1.
2 Being, the Present Participle of et>{. * 139, 2.
XTV. Syncopated Nouns of the Third Declension. Irregular
Adjectives. (XXX.)
I. 1. dpywv dya#09 ouSez^ 1 Sicu^epcc irarpos dya-
0ov. 2. oraxfipajv fjLtv vibs cwfrpaiyet TOP Trartpa,
Se vtos XvTret TT)Z> p,r}Tpa 3. Aucra^Spo?
4. et/cor&>s r^r Si/catocru^^
\eyovcriv. 5. VTTVOS TTO-
ovre rot9 crajxacrt^ oiJre rat?
6. az^/9 avopa Kal 770X19 o-a>^et TrdXt^. 7. /ca/coi)
a^Spo? Swpa oV7)<TQt OVK e^ei. 8. av^pdcri ro?s
dya^ot? cTrerat yvcojjirj re Acal atSw?.
OV^ lKTVCT6 TOU? St/CaCTTa? /ACTO,
10. ra /xeydXa Swpa r^9 Tv\ys c^ct <j)6fiov. 11. Tra-
paK\vovTai ol 7raTp<; rots vita iv evcrt/Bels KOL
euTret^et? eu>cu. 12. ro^ Kupo^ ot Ilepcrai irarepa
Trpoo-rjyopevov. 13. rot? aya#ots dvpdo-i \afjL7rpd
8dfa cTTcrai. 14. 17 dperr) KaXbv a6\6v i&Tiv dv8pl
CTO^OJ. 15. V77yO TWZ/ TTCLTtptoV KOL TtoV ^TCptoV JZV-
VOLLOJS /xa^w/Ae^a. 16. OUAC a,t ot TraiSe? o/xotot etcrL
TO> war pi. 17. dyaffcov fJLrjrepajv /cat dyaBal Ovya-
Tepes, Ovyarpdcn yap rj p*T]T7]p Tracrwv dpertov StSa-
cr/caXo'? ecrnv. 18. aKOVcra" rj Bvydrrip rrj fJLrjrpl
19. xea? <o3os rous
188 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
TroXiras e^ei, pj) al crvvOrJKai, viro TVIS 7ro\p.LO)v \v-
OCOCTLV. 20. 01 'EtXXrjves TroXXcS^ /cat /AeyaXw^ 7roXe<yj>
oi/cioTal rjcrav.
II. 1. Good men are admired. 2. The shep-
herd's daughter is singing. 3. The deeds of the
good man are always noble. 4. Good sons obey
their fathers and their mothers. 5. The words of the
just have great power. 6. For this man has wisdom
in place of great wealth. 7. The daughter brings
her father the torch. 8. We did not accomplish these
undertakings without great dangers. 9. Of great
toils the glory is also great. 10. These men are
being concealed in the orator's house. 11. In Egypt
(there) is a great abundance of grain. 12. The good
daughter obeys her mother gladly. 13. Many men
strive after wealth. 14. The tongue is the cause of
many great evils. 15. The great king had a large
army and much wealth.
NOTES.
1 In no respect, literally, in respect to nothing, neuter singular accusative of
ov8i's used adverbially, 77, 1, N. 2, and 160^ 2.
2 From &KWV. Cf. 138, N. 7.
XV, Verbs: Infinitive, (XXXI.
I. 1. Ka\OV 1<TTI TO CV 7TO\efJLO)
2. SeVSpoz/ TraXcubv fJiTa<f>VTVLV Sucr/coXo^. 3. vo-
FIRST LESSORS IN GREEK. 189
eVecr^at Kakov. 4. et ftov\i ay aOos yiyve-
(T00Li, TTpMTOV TTLCTTCVe, OTL ACtt/CO? et. 5. T0VKVCLL
(j)rjcrlv rots $eot<?. 6. Tr)^ TrdXtz' <^>acrt /cty-
7. et? TT)^ TroXe/xtaz' y^ 7ropev0fjvaL
\lyovrcLi. 8. otz/ rt? \eyri t OTL ^SacrtXet efecrrt /x^
TreiOto'OaL rot? VOJJLOLS, TOVTOV Xeyere /coXa/ca eivou..
9. Tra^ra? X/ 01 ? Tot^Ta n,OLV0dviv. 10. ou Traariv
0\OVCTL CTVIJi/3oV\VlV OL 0OL. 11. \7TL^OfJLV O.V-
piov ere ypdifjtiv, TTW? Trpctrret 6 aSeX^og. 12. ?rei-
0cr@aL Tou? TrcuSag rot? yo^eucrt^ e'/ceXeve^. 13. rrj?
u dptTfjs re /cat 0^779 a^iov eiraivov ypd-
ov yoaStw i<TTiv. 14. ^(OKpoiTrjv 7re7ret/ceVat TOI)?
eauro) 1 /xaXXo^ 77 rot? yovevcri Tret^ecr^at e^>a-
craz'. 15. apa 2 otecr^e rou? crryoctTTiyous TT^I/ 'EXXaSa
(TtiKTeiv ; 16. auro? e<^)T7 T^y^crecr^at TT)^ SiW/xti> /cat
ra vTro^uyta Tropeuecr^at. 3 17. o /xeXXet? Trparret^,
^ TrpdXeye. 18. rous -^p7jcrTov<; TMV divOpaiiTtov v
TTpdrrtiv ecrrt St/catoi'. 19. 'AXe'fai^Spo? 7r0vfjL7jorev
eV KuS^w \ovcrao-0ai. 20. TO yap TrdXet? /xeyaXa?
ro^ o~TpaT7jyov etXr^^eVai 4 /cat ytopav TroXXrjv v<j)
eavral TreTrot^cr^at evrat^ov dfioV i<mv.
II. 1. The king commanded the generals to
march. 2. The father said he had been honored by
his son. 3. To execute 5 is hard, but to command
easy. 4. He compels us to delay in the market-place.
5. lie commanded him to say 6 that the general had
taken the city. G. He wished the boy not to* appear
foolish. 7. Do you not 2 think that the gods will
190 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
care for you? 8. He commanded the god to serve a
man 7 for hire for a year. 8 9. They say that the seer
was made blind by the gods. 10. The soldiers are
not willing to proceed, but affirm that they will remain
here. 11. It is right (for) the son to obey his father.
]2. The bridge was said 9 to have been destroyed by
the Greeks. 13. He says that the hoplites will pro-
ceed at daybreak to the river. 14. All robbers of
temples ought to be put to death. 15. He said that
this stranger wished to take part in the expedition
with us.
NOTES.
1 Himself, dative singular of the reflexive pronoun eavrov, 80.
2 282,' 2.
3 Note carefully that the tenses of the Infinitives are different.
4 Perfect Infinitive of \a^dvu. 7 184, 2.
5 See note 9, Lesson XIX. 8 101.
6 <f>dvcu, Present Infinitive of tyr^i. 9 See note 1, Lesson XXXVII.
XVI Verbs: Participles. (XXXIII.)
I-, > / ** / s <\ '/) ** > '
J. ov iravv rjoeia ZCTTIV T) a\.rjuia rot? O.KOV-
ovcriv. 2. (j)evye 7780^7)^ vcrrepov fapovo'av /3Xcty8^^.
3. <f)L\ovs ^a)v vojjii^e 6r]cravpov<$ e^et^. 4. TOV
Xpvcrov IK TTO\\OV /3d0ovs ol /AeTaXXeuo^re? avopvr-
rovcriv. 5. 2<a)Kpa.Trjs 8taXeyo/>t^o9 TrpoerpeTrero
TOU9 GTVVOVTOLS fJidXiCTTa 7TpO<$ lyKpOLTeLCLV. Q.
TrpocnrnrTovcrcLS ru^a? y^vvaia)^ <f>pT. 7. 6
TtS TO- fJL,\\OVTOL /CdXwS 7T^7TpO(j)'lJTVKl'. 8.
i HOT LESSONS IN GREEK.
TOL TtKva rre^ovevKvla e^atpe^. 9.
TropevcreTaL. 10. ot irepl AeaWSai' Tpta/cdcrtot yev-
/xa^o/xerot tTeXevrirjcrav. 11. 6 Se T^Xawe Trpos
TrdXtz', 6Vw9 eyyus crrpaTOTreSeucra/xe^og rovs
(f)vyovTas v7roXa/x/3a^ot. 12. crvveKoiXecrap rous
OLTTO raiv 7ro\ea>v d/coucro/xeVoi;? r^g ITTLCTTO-
. 13. oirro? yap rt/x^^et? VTTO rou BTJJJLOV rty
/caraXuet^ TreTreiparaL. 14. ot TroXe/xtot
ets ro^ Trora/xo^ TO o~rparei;/xa TO Sta-
. 1 15. a>5 TO^ apfoz/Ta Se? irportpov pavOdveiv
a.i, vvv Xefco. 16. tTTTrea? Tre/xTrw/xe^ ITT! TOV
o-/ce\//o/ieVov? TTOV etcrt^ ot TroXe/xtot. 17. ^o-
fjucracra r) TrdXts a.viriK\r^Torpov tivau
/cat TW yeVet /cat TT} apery, TOVTOV eVot^craTO
Xea. 18. a/ia TT/ ^p-epa Tr^ocreu^a/xe^ot Tot?
/cat (Tvvrat;dp.voi w? etg fta^z^ eVopeuo^TO ot
i>es. 19. ot ^EXX^re? T60VKOT6S i^tvitpv TOV
20. ot Se TrapTJXavvov TTay/xeVot /caT* tXa? /cat /caTa
II. 1. Regard him that has died 2 happy. 2. He
will move both stones and trees (by his) singing.
3. The generals had come with triremes to besiege
the island. 4. I am pleased (at) having been hon-
ored by you. 5. He was not willing to converse 3
with those who had not 4 property. 6. To you who
have stirred up the city we shall oppose ourselves.
7. We will send men to do this. 8. He will collect 5
an army and besiege the city. 9. When they had
192 FIRST LESSONS IN
done this, they withdrew to the camp. 10. He in-
tends to come with boats and triremes. 11. He
called the captains together 6 and spoke as follows.
12. He blinded me while sleeping. 13. Not only
punish those who transgress, but also hinder those who
intend (to do so). 14. Since you are mortal, remem-
ber, young men, the common lot. 7 15. For these
(two) men, if they should be trusted by the people,
would overthrow the democracy.
NOTES.
1 26, N. 2. 3 186, with N. 1.
2 Use reXeurdw. * 283, 4.
6 Greek idiom, having collected (Aorist Participle) an army he will besiege,
etc.
6 Cf. II. 8, above. 7 171, 2.
XVII Comparison of Adjectives. Verbals. Adverbs and
their Comparison. Numerals. (XXXV.)
I. 1. Iv ro?s eXec^acri^ 01 appeves TroXu d
eicru>. 2. Si/ccuoV ICTTL rous /cpetrrov? TI> TI
3. crvfJi/BovXeve /AT) ra ^Sierra, dXXa ra
4. KoXacrTeov TOV TratSa, et /u,e\Xei
eu>cu. 5. e'x 0/005, o? ra aXrjOr) Xeyet,
(j)L\OV, 05 7T/)0? yapLV KO\aK6Vl. 6.
avOpMTTOis KOLKOV. 1. (
tpov Xeye ra? e^roXa?. 8. o-a)(j)pocnjvr)v
tv Siw/creW /cat dcr/oyTeW, d/coXao"ta^ oe
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 193
9. KpLTtas pep TMV iv rrj oXiyap^ua irdvTajv /3iatdra-
T09 r\v, 'AX/ciySiaSr^ Se TWV iv 777 8^/Ao/cparta TTOVTUV
cxK-parecrraro? KCU vySptcrrdraro?. 10. TTOLVTCOV aSt-
KWTOLTOV TTpdyfJia (>06vos ICTTLV. 11. /^iou9 7780^0,9
OUAC e^oucrt^ ot yoz/et?, ^ crtofypovas ^iv TraTSa?.
12. ou /x^ SovXevreo^ rot? ye vovv l^ovcrt rot9 oura)
Ka/coj? <l>povov(Tiv. 1 13. 17 wS^ TTOL^I; ^apteVra)? e^et. 2
14. ot /cd/3a/C9 /xeXa^rarot etcrt TTOLVTWV opvidoiv.
15. eV 'Aftyvais d^rl 7779 TraXat ^^OKparLa^ 6X1-
yap^iOL rjv rj ra)i> rpiaLKOvra rvpavvuv. 16. iro\\aKi<z
IK /xia,9 dfJiCLpTLas pvpiai yiyvovroii d\yrj$6i><;. 17. 6
o-TpaTrjyos TTJV o-Tpariav 19 rct9 lyyvTaT
ayet. 18. rou y8acrtXecu9 crr/3ar7;/xaro9 ^cra
T9 rerrape9, rpta/co^ra /xuptaSwi^ /cacrro9. 19.
\oveo-0ai ^apteo-repoV ICTTLV. 20. \4yovrai ot Ilep-
crat ax>t ra9 SwSe/ca
II. 1. The horns of the stag are much greater
than 5 those of the gazelle. 6 2. Traitors 7 are much
more hateful than the enemy. 3. It is very 8 hard to
be ruled by an inferior. 4. It is most truly said that
Cyrus ruled justly. 5. The oracle at Delphi was
most in repute. 6. Children have no 9 greater bene-
factors than their parents. 7. We must not flatter the
commander, but obey (him) most zealously. 8. He
was the son of a most prudent man. 9. The easiest
road for an army is the quickest. 10. He has come
with a thousand soldiers and twenty triremes to besiege
13
194 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
the city. 11. We shall fight more bravely, if Cyrus
himself lead (us). 12. The servant is both very fond
of money arid very idle. 13. The captain must lead a
hundred and fifty 10 hoplites as quickly as possible into
the nearest village. 14. It is fifteen stadia from this
river to Thermopylae. 15. Sophocles composed a
hundred dramas.
NOTES.
184, 2. 4 179, 1.
See note 8, Lesson XXV. 5 $.
75, N. 1, and 141, N. 3. 6 " Than the (horns) of the gazelle."
See note 2, Additional Exercises, II.
Qnite is sometimes the sigii of the comparative, and very of the superlative.
" Not." 10 77, 2, N. 2.
XVm, Verbs: Contract (XXXVI.)
I. 1. pacrrov icniv airaivTajv iavTOV 1 i
2. 01 z'o/xctSes TWV Ai,y8ua>i> ov TOLLS r)[JLpais, dXXa rat?
vv^lv apiO^Jiova'i TOP ^povop. 3. TrXrjpwiJiev ra? vavs
Kal TrXewjLtei/ 2 eVi rov? TroXe/iiou?. 4. vo^it^ del
rov5 $eous ytXav opwvTas TVJV TMV avOpctiTraiv KZVO-
(nrov8iav. 5. jitT^Set? <o/3eicr$ci) BdvaT
KOLKMV. 6. Travrayov ot TTyooSorat Oavar^
rat. 7. OL p,V aXXot t^<riv Iva ecrOiajcn
8e 1(701,0) IvOL ^W. 8. OLTTOiVTa 6 TOV t^TOVVTO^ TTO
vpi(7KL. 9. dXXa TJSr] ST^W/AC^ r^ TCOV /3ap/3dpa)v
yfjv. 10. 01 'Po'Sun /j.aKpoTpov eo~0
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 195
7rXeurrtoJ> roforojz'. 11. Set rets TroXet? /cocr/xet^ rat?
OLKOVVTMV dpeTOils. 12. et Tts TTp To>v
Kpifloir), [WTO OLV Tracras ^ocrou? ; 13.
TTore 7Tipa> Suo (friXcjv eivaL KpiTijs. 14. apLCTT* az>
at TToXet? OIKOLVTO, L OL ap^OVT^ TOl? ^O/XOt? 7Tt-
OOIVTO. 15. 3<(DKpdTr)s eXeye rov9 /xei' aXXovs az^-
0pa*7rovs tfiv? Iva <T0ioiV, avTov 5 8e i&Q'itiv, Iva
cJi7. 16. ^ /xeya <j)p6vL, Iva fjirj rarreivol. 17. /i^
TOU? eurv^oucrt, /x>) SOK:^? eu>eu ica/cd?. 18. /x^
i Ten? r^5 ^X^ TrdOeo-LV dXX* Ivavnov.
19. St/ceXta 17 ^cro? Trportpov TpivaKpia e/caXetro.
20. et ^o/xos /ceXeuoi ^ l(T0tovTa$* ^ Tret^r}^ 4 /cat
/x^ TrtVorras ^ BLifjrjv /x^Se piywv 1 TOV
jitrySe 0d\7To~0aL TOV Oepovs, rt? az> Tret^otro
II. 1. Either be silent, or speak more fitly. 9
2. Socrates did not neglect his body, 10 and did not
approve those who neglected (theirs). 3. They ap-
proached, that they might free the captives. 4. It is
fated (for) all men to die. 5. Those who love are
loved, but those who hate are hated. 6. The soldiers
were enslaved by the barbarians. 7. Let us rush on
courageously, soldiers, against the enemy. 8. The
citizens feared that the city would be besieged.
9. Those who oppose themselves to the good are wor-
thy to be punished. 11 10. All (men) are pleased
when they are honored. 13 11. Let us either conquer
or die. 12. Let us free our friends, but get in hand
196 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
our enemies. 13. He was greatly loved and honored
by the Athenians. 14. Let not him who is most 13
fortunate be high-minded. 15. Imitate the actions
(of those) u whose reputations you envy.
NOTES.
1 One's self, 80. 8 179, 1.
2 123, N. 1. 9 " Say better (things)."
3 Mygetf, 145, 1. 10 171, 2.
4 123, N. 2. n 261, 1.
6 Himself, 145, 1. 12 277, 1.
6 277,' 5. 13 /xdXto-ra.
7 123, N. 3. 14 $ 152.
XIX. Pronouns. (XXXVIII.)
I. 1. ouros icniv 6 cros dSeXc^d?. 2. 6 SIACCUOS
ov ILQVQV rot? aXXois w<^zXt/xo5 e<TTu>, ciXXa
/jtaXtcrra auro? avrco. 3. ravTrjv rrjv
eyajye. 4. ri yap Trarpwa? 07/^1^ <f)iXrepov
5. /cal T7/>cei5 rovs v/xerepou? feVovs ^evitp^v. 6.
SeTTore SouXoi> 1780^5 cravrbv Trotet. 7. I'o/^ei
eti^ai Beovs, ITTCL aurou? ou^ opw/xe^, aXX' ouSe rr
craurou cru ye ^JV^TJP oyoa?, ^ ro9 crw/xaro? Kvpia
i<niv. 8. ovre Sta i//u^ou9 /xaXXd^ roi; e^So
cure Sta OOL\TTOV<? fJid^ecrOaL TO) irepl cr/aas,
TOU5 ^I/ 6 TpOTTOS. 9. OV/C .VVQLT, TLVCDV KOL OlCtiV
KOL CHTMV evepyecriuiv ol 6eol rj^lv alnoi turiv ;
10. Set ^/xa? ets TO TT}? TrdXews a)(f)z\r)fjia
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 197
11. ovoe^ OVTOJS 7}[jLTep6v iarriv, o>s 17/^619 rjfjLLV av-
TCH9. 1 12. /cdyco, et u/xec? ra Suceua 7roieu> e$eXere,
vpfiv /3ouXo/x,cu. 33. ot avOpojiroi OLVTOL
eauT(H9 TroXe/zioi. 14. /xa^o^rat ol eXe^a^re?
o~(j)oop(Ji)S TTpo? dXXr^Xou?. 15. ra p.i\\ovra Trpo-
yiyv<t)crKiv ov rrj? ^/Aereyoa? <>vo-a>s ICTTLV. ]6. eyw
crou TrXoucrtwrepo? eijuu, 17 e/x^ apa /crrjcrt? rrj? cr^?
Kpetrrwr. 17. ouro? So/cei /AOI ayotcrro? et^at ol/co?,
e^ w Totouro? IcrTLv 6 SecrTroTT;? 8t' OLVTOV, otog efa)
Sia TOI^ V&ILQV. 18. $La<f)povcrLv ol eXe^a^res r^
avjJLacTTtos dXX^Xaj^. 19. ocrrt? 8ta/3oXaTs
u Tret^erat, Trovrjpbs avros ecrri rou? TyooTrou?.
20. ri yayo TO ^tXo/ceyoSe?, 2 Tt TTOTC ecrrt /cat rtVe? 01
II. 1. The lion and the jackal are at war with one
another. 3 2. The general was hostile to us, but
friendly to you. 3. The commander called them
together into his own tent. 4. He bids us say these
same things to you also. 5. These men are your
benefactors. 6. These messengers whom you see are
friendly to us. 7. Tell me what opinion you have
about this. 8. The good trust one another. 9. We
love our own children. 10. My son is virtuous, 4 but
yours (is) idle. 11. Is there any person in the
house? 12. This king was himself the commander
of his own army. 13. The bad injure one another.
14. Who is that woman ? 15. A philosopher having
198
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
been asked by some one, What is hostile to men ?
said, Themselves to themselves.
184, 4.
NOTES.
2 139j 2 . 3 186j with N> L 4
XX, Verbs: Second Tenses. (XLI.)
I. 1. OCrOl (f)VyOV 15 TTJV TToXiV ACa/COJ5 eT
2. r) yXwcrcra 7roXXou5 et5 oXeOpov i^yaye^. 3. 01 8e
TrXoucrtot TTJS et? roz^ TrdXe/^o^ Sa7raj/r;5 ct
vovrai. 4. ra? crujit^o^a?
^ vfipicrri<$\ 5. ol KpfJTts Trap aurot? Tpaffnjvai
TOVTOV TOV Oeov \4yovcriv. 6. ^^es awYjydyovTO ol
<f)i\ot,, ota oe TOZ^ ^tju,a)^a vraXiv KaTTfyoLyovTo ets roi'
7. ^aXeTrdz' ecrri Xvwrjv eKffrwye'iv. 8. ef-
ySacrtXeu? Ti|J e<^)d8w roG Kupou
9. r/J rou e/xtcrro/cXeoug /BovXfj KO!
ot *A0r}V(uoL rr]V iroXiv
z^au5 a7re7r^>euyecra^. 10. ot Ilepcrat,
a /XT auroti 01 LTTTTOL eV TW
\fto<f>OL$ avTovs KCU 17^015 ^
11. aurai at eVtcrroXat UTTO rou craTpdirov e
crai/. 12. /xr) Xeye K<j)vywv Odvarov, ort K*at
/cat
13. o /xeXXet5 TTyoarret^, /XT) trpoXeye' OLTTO-
^P yeXao'0Jjcr7}. 14. dXXa OLtTpd^rjcrav rot5
FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 199
, a el^ov. 15. eVi K(f)a\r)v eis TO TreXayo?
lKapo<$. 16. ot Ile^ocrat eis (frwyrjv erpd-
Trrjcrav. 17. Iffro/BtLTO, pr] IffS dpTrayrji^ TpdiroiTo TO
18. TTJV ^loVa ec/ca^o^ 01 oSotTropoi
evai, KGU erer^/cei Sia Kprjvrjv Tivd, rj TrXrjcriov
rjv aTfJiL^ovcra iv vdwr). 19. e^^tcra^ro rourou?
Tou? a^Spa? d^ay/Da^crecr^at eue^ye'ra? r^5
ct? ro^ OLTTOLVTCL xpovov. 20. aTToXeXotVacrt^ T^
ouroi ot o-TpaTTjyoi, clXX' ou/c aTroTre^euyacrt^.
II. 1. The enemy left both their palisades and
their towers. 2. The enemy had left their women
and their children behind in the villages. 3. Who
have fled? 4. He who led the vast army against
Troy is famous. 5. The soldiers left their ranks and
fled. 6. The prudent rather than the strong may 1
trust themselves. 7. The barbarians turned and fled
to their ships. 8. Tell me by whom you were struck.
9. We shall be worn out 2 by this war. 10. He
thinks he has fared ill. 11. The number of those
who have fled to Athens is very great. 12. He was
greatly terrified by the tumult. 13. Though we
before warred 3 with them, let us now try to be recon-
ciled. 4 14. Two companies of the soldiers are said to
have been cut in pieces 4 by the enemy. 15. We
should put to sea, if the allies should abandon (us).
NOTES.
1 ggcoru 2 Second Future. 3 277, 5. * Aorist.
200 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
XXI. Verbs: Liquid. (XLII.)
I. 1. rot Trap VJJLOIV aTrayyeXou/xez' TGJ
2. lav TOUS dcrOeveis Iv rfj 6Sw /caraX LTTITJ re,
povvran TOUS Oeovs. 3. ot (TTpaTtwrat vTro
dpoucrt rous veKpovs. 4. Kupo? ovSeVa
o TL ^pr) Trotet^. 5. i 8e rt? paprvpo-
OU9 CpOiTO, TL OLV CLVTO) OLTTOKplVai^Oa ;
6. elpirjvrjs oucrr;? 1 01 avOpwTroi (nrepovo-Lv, 6 8e TTO-
Xe/xo? Tra^ra 8ia(j)9epel. 7. ot Trareyoe? rj^aiv TroXXa
/cat /caXa epya dTrecfritjvavTO et? Tra^ra? avOpMTrovs.
8. /AT) 7rapa\L7TYjTe 8e /cat Trept rourov Xeyet^, ct 2
jjLveiTe. 9. Odppei* Xeycov rdKrjOes ovTrore (r<f)a\fj.
] 0. dp^oz/ros TTOLVOvpyia rrjv TTOLOTCLV TTO\LV /xta^eT.
11. Ta\r)6rj OLTTOKpivai, ecr^Xo? yap d^i^p ou i//eu8erat.
32. eai^ </>pdcr&) rdX^^e?, ou^t ere ev<^pa^a>. 13. ro-
^orrjs Tt? ro^ov IVTZIVOLS eruc^Xajcre TOI> OiXtTTTro^ ro^
Tpov* o<^0a\^6v. 14. auri/ca -aTrayyeXai, eaz^ ot
TToXe^Luoi /caraXtTTcocri ra a/cpa. 15. oure ?rup t
ria> TreptcrretXat SwaToz/ ovre alo-\pov
^pdi^a). 16. dptTrjv diro/SaXcov KOL TifJirjv
17. <TL ^u-e^ Trap' e/xo! e/xetra?, ot 8' dXXot d
ot/<a8e. 18. /cat Swa/it? /cat xp^/xara eV a,<
t Xv/xaretrat. 19. /cat 6 d^atcr^rdraTos
rov tvepyeTrjV eVSed \nreiv. 20. 6 <f)6/3os
crrepovs rou? dvOptoirovs Trotet- re/c/x^pato
8* oU* TOUTO /cat aTTO ra>^ e^ rot? vavcriv*
FIKST LESSONS IN GREEK. 201
II. 1. They will announce this to the generals at
daybreak. 2. The gods have dealt out 5 misfortunes
to many good (men). 3. We will answer you imme-
diately. 4. We beseech you to defend 5 us. 5. W^e
shall not accomplish this undertaking. 6. Now,
therefore, declare your opinion. 7. After she had
killed 6 her son she leaped into the sea. 8. They will
all lament their unfortunate friend. 9. The Lacedae-
monians starved Pausanias to death. 7 10. They
thought the enemy would appear 8 on the next day.
11. Do not expose these secrets of your friend.
12. The citizens held up their hands. 13. The
sophists gained much from their wisdom. 14. He
purified land and sea of evil-doers. 15. Milo, the
athlete, lifted a bull and bore (it) through the stadium.
NOTES.
1 In time of peace, there being peace, 183. For ovvris, cf. 129, I.
2 282, 4.
3 Li, one of his eyes. B Aon'st.
* 141, N. 3, second paragraph. 6 277, 1.
7 " Killed Pausanias by hunger," 188, 1.
8 Their thought was, " The enemy will appear," etc. Use the Infinitive in
quoting, 260, 2.
XXII. Verbs: Mute. (XLIII.)
I. 1. ou rd\r)07J a7roKpv\]j6p,@a. 2. lav TCLVTOL
Trpd^rjs, ouSets ere d^ay/cacret ouScTrore, 1 ov
aKO)v Trd^eiS ovS' e^, 2 ovSet's ere
202 FIBST LESSONS IN GBEEK.
e?eiS- 3. Tretcro/xat #ew fjiaXXov r) dv-
4. OVK eCTTt TOV 0p\jJaVTOS S T^StO^ 7TeStOZ>.
5. Acaraycoz/tcra/xe^o? roz^ dSeX<oi> aTrecrrdX/cet TOI>
KaTacrTpe\fj6p,vov Tracra? rds eVt OaXdcrcrr)
6. ot TroXirai dya^ol e/c TroXe/xou crcejcrovcrt
TT)I/ TroXiv Kal euSai/^o^a Sta^uXaf ovcriv. 7. '
yo^r; Kpv(f)a TO TOV dSeX^ou crw^a /cXei//acra
8. e/c rourou Kpewv 'A^rtyd^^ ra^>&) 4 ^axrav I
ifjciTO. 9. \7TL^e TLfJL&v Tou? yo^ea? Tfpd^eiv /caXa>s.
10. Sia r^ dcr)8eta^ tKoXdo-07) Zeu? yapTJ]v KTL-
o"OeLo~av VTT avTov TTO\LV rjfydvKTev. 11. eai^ ret?
'A@TJva<; KaTao-TpeijJOJjJiai, yoaStw? ra)^ aXXa>*> 'EXXif-
z/<y^ apa). 12. eVi//,eXws ot ^eot, <S^ ot avdpa>7roi
Seo^rat, /career KevaKacnv. 13. cx^e//,O5 ra o"Koi(j)rj
crvveTpiifje KCLL Trjv ^VVOL^LV ALOVVCTLOV TYJV
r)<f)dvL(Tv. 14. /cat crv, <^)tXe, TreicrOrjTL TO 'yap
0eo~0ai ajjieivov. 15. ''iTTTrap^o? ra 'O/xT^pou
7rpa)ro5 et9 'A^^a? e/co/ucrez'. 16. /xeytcrro? rrj?
TToXew? euepyeV>7? avayzypd^Oo). 17. TOI/ *Aprjv
fjLV0o\.o f yovo'L irpaiTov /caracr/ceudcrat 7roLVOTr\iav /cat
crrpartajra? /ca^oTrXtcrat. 18. 6 raw? Xeyerat e/c
fiapfidpaiv et? ^EXX^^a? KOp.LcrOrjvaL. 19. tyrfyl-
cravTO ot 'A^-^atot TrdvTas rj/BrjSov aTrocr^dfat.
20. d/coucras KCL\OV /xeXo? rep^^et^? ai'.
II. 1. Death will free you from your ills. 2. These
cities had been utterly destroyed by the tyrant. 3. God
has concealed the future 5 from men. 6 4. The sol-
diers drew themselves up in line. 5. They say he
FIRST LESSONS IN GEEEK. 203
has been concealed in the house. 6. His father dis-
inherited him on account of his wrong-doings. 7. He
cut the enemy to pieces in great numbers. 8. He
has plundered our cities. 9. He founded a city in
Phrygia. 10. The Athenians will always be admired.
11. We have always admired Homer. 12. These
cities are said to have been founded before the Trojan
war. 13. Much 7 has been done, 8 and much will be
done. 14. I shall never forget this kindness. 15. It
seemed best to the soldiers to procure themselves pro-
visions in the following manner.
NOTES.
1 283, 8, second paragraph. 3 So. -rredlov.
2 More emphatic than ov8'v would have been. * 187.
" What is^hout to be," TO ^\\ov, 276, 2.
6 184, 3. T Plural. 8 See note 9, Lesson XIX.
XXIII Verbs: Regular in ML (XLYIH.)
I. 1. rrjv creavTov craxfrpoorvvrjv rot? aXXot? TTCC-
/oaSety/ia KaOiorrrj. 2. ravrr) rrj yv^^y /cat ^/xet?
TTpocrriOe^Ooi. 3. 6 Trats $rei n rov a\\ov, KOL
eVet aura) OVK eStSov, eTrcuev. 4. ^aXeTroV, ^r) Trapa-
Sa'y/xa<Ti ^pw/xe^or Seuarvvat TJ^V apeTiqv. 5. ea^ Se
rig dvOio-TrJTCLi, weLpacrofJieOa yeipovcrOai. 6. TroXu
et ol ap^ovres v f) KOLKUS Stari^eacrt rou?
. 7. ^Se'ws av StSot^re, et TL Xa//,/3dVoiTe.
8. eVet rpcxfrrjv OVK el^ov ol crr/oartwrat,
204 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
KOI o-vveriOevTo, o>9 l eVi \eiav eKTropevcro-
. 9. TTorepov aTroBiSocrOai TJ TTpiOLcrOai /Bov\e-
crOe ; 10. Kupos e/ceXeue rou<? OTrXtra? OecrOcu ra
6VXa Trepi TJ]v OLVTOV (TKrjvyjv. 11. ra Treptcrcra a?ro-
Ot (TTpaTLMTCLL. 12. ZVVOLOiV CACaCTTO? 6^-
TO}*/ Xo^aywz^ erreiOev rov EievoffrtoVTa
VTTOO-TTJVCILL T^ ap^jjp. 13. d^acrra? e/clXeucre roi^
KaTrj-yopTJa-avra avTov Xeyet^, TTOV /cat eVX^y^.
14. KCLTeKavcrav ra<? /ccjjita? Tra^reXw?, iVa fyofiov tv-
Otitv rot? fiapftapois. 15. aur^icrroi' ICTTIV f/ EX-
aTToSdcr^at ''EXXr^as, KCLLTOI aTreSoro 'Apicrrayo-
WZ' Kupeia)^ o-TpaTLo>TO)v vTroXeXet/xeVaj^ ou/c
eXarrou? rerpa/cocrtw^. 16. act rou? ySeXricrroi;? et?
ra? ap^a? /ca^tcrrw/^e^. 17. 01 TroXtrai ra a
jjLara ei? rr)^ aKpoTroKiv ava^epovo-iv, Iva *
ava.Ti9a>criv aura. 18. Si/op Sorwcrat' ot /ca/coupyot.
19. Sei/<W<y/xez> roi? oSoiTropotg TT)^ ra^tcmy^ 6Sd^.
30. 6 TOJZ/ <^i\apyvp^v TrXourog atcnrep 6 17X109 /cara-
Su? ei5 TT^ ouSeVa TOJI> t
II. ] . The allies, therefore, revolted from the Athe-
nians. 2. Wealth often changes the disposition of
men. 3. blessed gods, grant me happiness.
4. Show to (but) few what is within 2 your heart.
5. Stand by the unfortunate. 6. Let us inspire in
the young the desire of wisdom. 7. It is befitting
for the rich to give to the poor. 8. The judges
published the decrees. 9. He thereupon bought
the horses and gave them to those who were sick.
FIRST LESSONS IN GEEEK. 205
10. We most admire him who made laws for the
Lacedemonians. 11. If you betray your country, you
will be worthy of the heaviest 3 penalty. 12. When
he had put on 4 his tunic, he mounted 5 his horse.
13. Let us attack the enemy at daybreak. 34. The
gods put sweat before virtue. 15. For we feared
that those unprincipled (men) might betray the state.
NOTES.
1 277, N. 2. * 277, 1.
2 "The (things) within," etc. 8 In Greek "mounted upon" etc.
3 "Greatest."
XXIV. Verbs: Regular in MI (continued}. (XL VIII.)
I. ] . TOUS KpOLTfjpaS OIVOV KCU uSttTO? Trif
2. dXX' 6V TOVTO TTL(TT(i), OTL <T
3. 'HpaKXrjs TrepiOels rr^v X ^P a T(
Xeoi/ro? KaTcor^ev ayytov, ea>? ZTTVI&V. 4.
yk\Qjf ra TTvpa Karacr/BevvvvaL iraLvra.. 5. at apKTOL
Sta TJ]V icrxyv KOL rot? ravpois 7rLrL9evroLi. 6. ot
'A^^aTot TOV TLeipaia k^Tropiov iv ftecrw rrjs 'EXXa-
805 Karea-rrjo-avro. 7. etcrt rt^e?, ot X^t^o/xe^ot {,0x71
KOL our' eVtcrra^rai epya^ecr^at ovr av &VVOUVTO,
OLTTO 7ro\fJLOv fiioreveiv. 8. eK\o)7Tvov OL
rou? aTrocrK^cLVVv^4vov^ T
9. O/AOUWS eTTto-c^aXe?, ^aivo^4vo) Sovvai
KOL TTovYipa* 8wap.iv. 10. oiTrav iS6fJLvov Swpov
ICTTL fjitr tvvoioiS StSo/A^oz^. 1 1 . TO StA
206 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
rovs av9pd)Trov<$. 12. ev
on 7019 /caXoi? /cdya^ot? iXeoj elcriv ol Oeoi. 13. TTO-
I'oi /xaXicrra T^I> vfipiv (T^evvvao-iv. 14. r,o eVSumi
ra oVXa tKaXovv oi TraXatoi wcracr#cu. 15. ra?
/zera^oXa? TT)? ru^s eVtcrracrat yei^^atw? <j)pet,v.
16. (TU/A/xty^vacrt /cara TO TreSto^ ac </>aXayye5 K-al
aTrdXXu^rat vroXXoi. 17. o /i^ KareOov, pr) \d[ji/Bave.
18. 00-T19 OfJLVVVTL fJir) 7Tl0TaL, CO>TOS iTTLOpKeiV CTTt-
crrarai. 19. 17 yecopyia TroXu a^ ITTL^OLTJ el
TTponOdif] roi? /caXXtcrra r^ y^
20. OUAC .t;e<TTiv d^Spl Bry^Sat^) iK.Oeivai
II. 1. The trophy of Miltiades aroused Themis-
tocles from his sleep. 3 2. It is not easy to change
one's 4 nature. 3. The people enacted good laws.
4. The soldiers posted themselves in great haste.
5. Let the sportsmen set snares for the birds. 6. The
teacher said, " Give me the book." 7. The gods give
us everything. 8. Wine exhibits the real natures
of men. 9. Let the judges express their opinions.
]0. Oligarchies were established in most (of the)
cities. 11. The lines immediately separated. 12. We
are not able to attack the enemy now. 13. Wine
strengthens our bodies. 14. They arose at daybreak
that they might attack us. 15. It is disgraceful to
betray one's friends, and yet you have betrayed us.
NOTES.
1 172, 2. 3 Plural.
2 The command was passed along, \ 134, N. 1, (c). * 141, N. 2.
P1JIST LESSONS IN GBEEK. 207
XXV. Verbs : Irregular in MI, and Second Perfect and Plu-
perfect of the Mi-Form. (LI.)
I. 1. Tous ''EXX^^a? avToyOovas (77 et^at. 2. ol
,ev a?ratSevTOt TratSe? ra ypdp.p.ara, ol Se aVat'SevTot
aVSpes ra TT pay par a ov <jvvia.uiv. 3. eywye /xera
(f)i\ov eraipov KOLV Sta Trvpos io'irjv. 4. eV Acatpw eVt-
ovTtov TGI? TToXe/xtot? OL OTrXtTat /cara ra o~vyKLfjiva.
5. reOvdvoii TTO\.V ySeXrio^ ^ St' aKpacriav TTJV i^v^rji'
dfJiavpoJcraL. 6. /ira TT)^ /xcx^^ axf>i(h) Kara TroXet?
TO aXXo arparev/xa. 7. )(aXe7ro^ ^ /cat fjLevew KOI
aTTieVcu, /cat 17 i^uf <f>ofiepa r\v ITTLOVO-CL. 8. et ovt' &>?
et? fjLaxTJv Trapacr/cevaa'/xeVot tot/xez^, to~w5 ai^ ra tepa
/iaXXoz/ Trpo-^copOLrj rjfjuv. 9. St/catog io*^t, tVa /cat
10. /^ TratSt /xa^atpa^, 17 ?ra-
eyw 8e ^>a,ij]v dv, pr) vratSt 77X01)70^
e dvSpl aTTatSevrw SvvafJLiv. 11. A^/x/r^n^ ^roi)-
cra TT)^ Ovyarepa dp7rao~$eto~ai> Trepirjeu. 12. ^ ou/c 1
olcrOa, OTI (f)L\oTLfjiov eivai o^etSo? Xeyerat re /cat
ecrrtV ; 13. eyw ^/xt, TOI^ ^eo^ TrpoetSeVat TO /xeXXoz^.
14. a>5 2 TrpoOvfJiordroL^ ovcriv rip.iv ydpiv etcreTat /cat
aTToSajcret. 15. dpi(TTa)VTi AtoyeVet e^ T^ dyopa ol
eXeyoz/ /cuoz^, /cuo^ 6 Se', u/xet?,
16. ot /xa^Tet? Xeyo^Tat aXXot? /xe^ Trpoayopeveiv TO
, eavTots Se /x^ irpoopav TO ITTLOV. 17. t#t Sr;,
, e'feTao-w/xe^ Ta epya tKarepov avrcov, tVa etScu-
, TTorepov TO, avT( ecrrtj', -^ Sta<^epet Tt. 18. cocnrep
208 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK.
TO, TO^a, OVTO) KOLL TO,? l/IU^OL? XP*) T T ^ v VTLVW t
TOT Se avilvai. 19. TO /r^Sei/ duapTavei
avOpanriviqs <^>uo~ew9 feet/rat. 20. Tjpero 6
77 T KK\o(j)a<$ ; t(f)r] 6 dvOpaiTros. eiTa ItrrjpeTO. rj /cat
TTtfyovevKas ; (Tvvecf)?} KCLL TOVTO.
II. 1. Already the evening is coming on. 2. A
certain barbarian also is present, wishing to know
what will be done. 3. "Who are you?" said the
man, when he had heard this. 4. Let us go into
the house. 5. This unfortunate man stood for a
long time and wept, 3 6. The majority of these citi-
zens long after virtue. 7. Many men know your
evil deeds. 8. Many men aim at wealth. 9. The
Nile empties into the sea through seven mouths. 4
10. Youth and old age are both beautiful. 11. He
says that the man is dead. 12. This place lies be-
tween Athens and the sea. 13. We shall go, 5 if he
send (us) chariots. 14. Do not say who you were
before, but who you are now. 15. He who should
know the whole, would know also the part.
NOTES'.
1 282, 2. 4 188, 1.
2 $ 217, N. 2. 5 200, x. 2.
3 " Wept a long time standing." 6 278, 2.
VOCABULARIES.
ABBREVIATIONS.
a., aor., aorist.
abs., absol., absolutely.
ace., accusative.
act., active.
ad fin., ad fin em, at the end.
adj., arljec., adjective, -ly.
adv., adverb, -ial, -ially.
apos., apost., apostrophe.
art., article.
Att., Attic.
augm., augment.
c., comparative.
cf., confer, compare, consult.
ch., chiefly.
comrn., commonly.
comp. , compound, composition.
conj., conjunction.
constr., construction.
cont., contr., contracted.
cop., copulative.
d., dat., dative.
dem., demon., demonstrative.
dep., deponent.
dim., diminutive.
disc., discourse.
end., enclitic.
Eng., English.
etc., et cetera.
fern., feminine.
fr., from.
f., fut., future.
gen., genitive.
Ok., Greek.
i. e., id est, that is.
imperf., imperfect.
impers., impersonal.
improp., improper.
indef., indefinite.
indir., indirect.
inf., infinitive.
infer., inferential.
intens., intensive.
interj., interjection.
inter., interrog., interrogative.
intr., in trans., intransitive, -ly.
lit., literally.
masc., masculine.
mid., middle.
neg., negative, -ly.
neut., neuter.
N., note.
obs., obsolete.
p., pass., passive.
p., pf., perl'., perfect.
pers., person, -al.
pi., plur., plural.
poet., poetic.
poss., possessive.
pip., pluperfect.
post-posit., post-positive.
pros., present.
prep., preposition.
priv., privative.
pron., pronoun, pronominal. '
prop., properly.
pt, part., participle.
q. v., quod vide, which see.
ref., reference.
reflex, reflexive, -ly.
reg., regular, -ly.
rel., relative.
s., sup., superlative.
sc., scilicet, namely, understand,
sec., second.
seq., sequens, and tlie folloiciinj.
sign if., signification.
sing., singular.
subj., subjunctive.
tr., trans., transitive, -ly.
usu., usually.
Voc., Vocabulary.
voc., vocative.
w., with.
VOCABULARIES.
I. GREEK-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
IN the following Vocabulary each verb is classified by being referred to 108, except
those of the First Class, 108, ], and those in er<ru> (TTW) and <o, which are to be re-
ferred to 108, 4, I. In the case, however, of a compound verb, the verb is not classi-
fied, nor are the principal parts given, if the simple verb occurs elsewhere in the Vo-
cabnlary. For fuller information concerning irregular verbs, see the Appendix to the
Grammar. For Futures in tw, toG/mai, see 120, 3. Deponents that are regular have the
Aorist Middle, unless it is otherwise stated.
The gender of nouns of the First Declension is not given because obvious. Nouns
whose genitive is not given are of the Second Declension, except neuters iu os, which
are of the Third, and are inflected like yeVo?, 52, 2.
The parts of compound words are separated by hyphens. The single dagger pointing
down (t) or up (+), or the double dagger pointing in both directions (J), shows the source
of a derived word. When this device is not possible, the statement of the derivation
follows in parenthesis.
Words are to be sought under their themes, though often difficult forms, especially of
verbs, will be found in the alphabetic.il list. For a complete statement of Prepositions
see Lesson LXII. The old style numerals refer to the Lessons. English words in small
capitals are cognate or derived.
a-, a- priv., intens., or cop., 132,
I, w. x. 2.
&, &-TTp, SBC OS, S(T-TTfp.
d-paros, ov (fia.lvu), impassable, not
fordab/e.
d-yd-yw, etc., see (70;.
<rya8os, 77, bv, 73, 1, good, brave,
virtuous ; dyadbv, TO, a good thing,
good, advantage, benefit, pi. posses-
sions, 1 4.
&'y av > very, much, too.
d-yairda), 770-0; (aya/jLai, to admire),
to show by outward signs that one
regards, to love, be contented.
dyyeXXo), 0,776X0), 7^7761X0, -ffyyeX-
Ka, TJyye\fj,ai, 7777 A^r, 108, 4, II.,
to bring a message, announce. 42.
dyyeXos, 6, 77, a messenger. 6. AN-
GEL.
d-yeipw, ijyetpa, 777^^77^, 108, 4,
II. to bring together, collect.
775 (a7w), a herd.
age,
uv (yrjpas), free from old
ndying.
"Ayqcrt-Xaos, b, AgesiJaus.
d-yKvpiov, r6 (dim. in form of dyw-
pa, an anchor), an ANCHOR.
d-yopd, as (dyfipu), an assembly,
place of assembly, market-place, mar-
ket ; ayopa -n:\-fj6ovffa, the time of full
market, forenoon. 32.
.{.(ryopa^w, daw, etc., to buy.
ja.-yopa.Los, ov, belonging to the dyopd.
jd-yopevw, tfou, etc., to harangue,
speak of.
&-ypa, as, booty, prey.
tdt-yp to s> a > "> living in the fields,
wild. 12.
td-ypioTT|s, ^TOS, 77, wildness.
d-ypds, b, afield.
d-ypvirve'to, 770- w (d7pi7r^os, sleepless),
to be sleepless.
dt-yxw, a7^a>, to strangle.
&YCO, tffw, Tfoa, ^y/Mi, -fjx ^, 2 a.
d-ywv
fjyayov, to lead, conduct, bring, carry,
draw ; fyrvylov ayu, to keep quiet :
aye (or ayere) or), come now ! 39.
!<vywv, u)j/os, 6, an assembly ; hence
a contest, games. 51. AGONY.
.j.o.'ywvt^on.at, tou/xcu, etc., to contend.
AGONIZE.
4.d'ywvo-0TT]s, ov (Tid'rjfjn), a president
in tlic games, judge of a contest.
d-Seiirvos, ov (delirvov), suppcrless.
34-,
t d-8\<j>T), ?}s, feni. of seq., a sister.
d-8eX<j>6s, voc. d5eX0e, 6 (a- cop.,
de\<pvs, the matrix), a brother. 7.
FHIL-ADELPHIA.
d-8i]Xos, ov, unknown, uncertain.
fc.-8iKO), vjcraj, etc., to do wrong,
wrong, injure ; pres. often with pert'.
signif. 37.
td-8iKia, as, wrong-doing.
d-8iKos, ov (diK-rj), unjust.
, unjustly.
as (dSoXeV^Tjs, a prat-
ing fdlow}, prating, loquacitif.
d-Svvaros, ov, impossible, impracti-
cable.
a8a>, aao/uLat, yea, -rjad^v, Att. for
de)u>, da'cra;, etc. , to sing.
dei, always, from time to time.
dtros, 6, an eagle. 14.
d-Bdvaros, ov, immortal.
&-0os, ov, godless, impious. 30.
ATHEIST.
'A0T]vd, as, Athene, identified by
the Romans with Minerva.
t'A0T|va^, 61, to Athens.
'A0f]vcH, uv ('Adriva), Athens.
4.'A0T|vaios, 6, an Athenian.
jci0Xt]TT|S, oO (a0Xea>, to contend for a
prize, S,d\ov), a prize- fighter, ATHLETE.
d0Xov, TO, the prize of contest, a prize.
ta-0poi, ottrw, to press close to-
gether, assemble, collect.
d-0pdos, a, ov (a- cop., dpoos, noise),
close together, in a body.
td-0vjA, ryaw, to be dispirited.
d-0v|j.os, ov, dispirited, discouraged.
3-
Al'-yiva, ?;s, Aeglna, an island in
the Saronic Gulf.
ov, an Acginetan.
, a, ov, Egyptian; inasc.
as noun, an Egyptian.
Al'yuirros, 17, Egypt.
alSws, 6os, i], 55, N. 1, reverence.
aiKt^w, coinin. dep. a'iKi^o(j.ai, tov-
fj.ai, etc. (aiKia, abuse), to insult,- out-
rage, mangle.
|Alvid8T]s, 01;, a son of Aeneas.
Alvttas, ov, Aeneas, the Trojan hero.
talve'w, aiVecrw, -rjveaa, r)VKa, rjvrj/j,ai,
flveBrjv, 106, x. 2, to praise.
atvos, 6, praise.
at, at'7os, 6, ?'; (dtVcra;, to leap), a
goat. 43. AEGLS.
taiperos, T!, bv, chosen; c. prefer-
able.
atpe'w, aiprjcro}, TJp-rjKa, ypTj/uiai, ype-
e^v, 2 a. elXov, 108, 9, to take ; mid.
to choose, elect, prefer. 41. HEIIESY.
aipco, dpw, TjOa., rjpKa, ^
108, 4, II., to raise, carry off.
al<r0dvo|J.ai, aiadr)(ro/j,a
2 a. yffd6/j.7]v, 108, 5, become aware of,
to perceive, learn, hear. AESTHETIC.
jat'o-0T}(ris, ews, 17, perception, sense.
ai(T)(os, TO, disgrace, shame.
|al(r)(pds, d, oi', shameful, disgrace-
ful, base, unseemly. 30.
jal(r)^{ivT|, 775, disgrace, shame.
J.al<r\vvw, atV^iTj/cD, -qGyjuva., TJffx^f^-
fj.a.1, riaxyvOyv, 108, 4, II., </is-
grace, shame ; mid. ^o be ashamed,
stand in awe of.
alrt'to, 770" w, etc., to ask some one
for something, demand. 34.
alrta, as, cause, ground, occasion ;
a fault, reproach, censure ; at. x w >
to be blamed.
jcuTia.oiJ.cH, dcrofjiai, etc., to blame.
^.aiTios, a, ov, causing, guilty; airtos
et,ut, to be the cause ; 6 O.ITIOS, the au-
thor ; TO aiTLov, the cause.
wros, ov (alxM, a spear,
, taken in war, captured,
captive.
aKtva,KT]s, ov, a short sivord.
&-K\T|pos, ov (K\TJPOS, lot, portion),
portionless, needy, in poverty.
O.KOT], ijs (O.KOVW), hearing, the sense
of liearing.
d-KoXacria, as (/coXd<, intemper-
ance.
d-KoXov0w, r/<r(i) (a-Ko\ov6os, fol-
lowing, a- coj). and /ceXeutfos, a road),
to foil uw. AN-ACOLUTHON.
ttKOVTlo>
av
(&K(J)V, a javelin), to
hurl a javelin, shoot.
j aKovTKris, ews, T/, throwing the jave-
lin. .
dKOvcOjd/awcrOyUat, -fjKouffa, i\KQi>GQ't]v ,
2 p. aKTj/coa, to hear, heed. ACOUS-
TIC.
&Kpa, as (a/cpos), a peak, citadel.
td-Kpa<ria, as, licentiousness.
d-KpaTTJs, ^s (Kpdros), powerless, in-
temperate.
d-Kparos, ov (Kepdvvv/jii), unmixed.
aKpipT)s, es, amc, accurate.
jaKpifBoa), wcrw, etc., to understand
thoroughly.
aKpoa.op.ai, dffouat, etc. (akin to
d/ww), to 7w:r, Zisfcw to.
4aKpoaTT|piov, ro, an auditorium.
ja,KpoaTT|s, oO, a hearer, listener.
ta.Kp6-iroA.is, ews, i] (TTO\IS), a citadel,
ACROPOLIS.
aKpos, a, ov, at the point, topmost ;
TO O.K., the height, summit, eminence ;
TO. &K., the heights. ACRO-BAT.
4a,Kp-u)vvxia, as (oVu), the tip of the
nail ; hence the top of a mountain.
aKTwp, o/>os, 6 (#70;), a leader.
ACTOR.
aK<i>v, ovaa, ov, 66, N. 1 (a-, eKibv),
unwilling.
dX-ytiSwv, 6i>os, TJ (d\yew, to feel
pain, d\7os, pain), pain.
dXeKTpvwv, ovos, 6, a cock.
'AAeJj-avSpos, 6, Alexander.
td-\TJ0ia, as, truth.
td-\t]06uo), ua(t), cvaa, to speak the
truth. 2.
d-\T]0Vjs, ^s (Xavdavu), unconcealed,
true ; TO dX. or ret. dX., the truth.
dXio-KOfxai, dXwo-o^at, eaXw/ca or
^Xw/ca, 2 a. eaXwi/ or ^Xwv, 108, 6, to
le token, captured, or convicted. 47.
'A\Ki-pid8T]s, ov, Alcibiades.
aAxijios, oj/ (dX\-i7, prmvess), valiant.
dXXd, conj. (nent. phir. of dXXos
with changed accent), properly o^/icr-
16-wc / hence, but, yet.
aXXdrrw, w, etc. (dXXos), to ?na)te
other than it is, change.
dXXr] (dat. of dXXos, sc. 65y), wi a?i-
olher IIHIII, otherwise.
dXXriXwv (dXXos), 81, of one an-
other. PAH-AM, I:L.
uXXojicu, dXoO^cat,
/J.TJV rare, to Zcap.
dXXos, r}, o, another, other, else;
6 dXXos, 142, 2, N. 3 ; TT? dXXfl, sc.
i)/j.fpg., the next day.
4 dXXws, otherwise ; dX. TTWS rj, in any
other way than ; dX. %x eiv > t be other-
wise.
d-Xo-y^rros, ov (\oyiofj,ai), incon-
siderate, devoid of reason. 14.
&|xa, at the same time, at the same
time with; cfyca TT? r//w^/oa, at day-
break ; a/j.a f/Xty dvareXXoi'Tt, at sun-
rise.
a|iaa, ys, a wagon, wagon-load. 5.
.j-ajxafj-iTos, ov (elfju), passable bij
wagons. 12.
ajxapravw, d/xaprTjcrOyLcat, ^udpr^/fa,
i]/j.dpTrjfji,ai, i]/jLapTr)0r)v, 2 a. ijfj.a.pToi>,
108, 5, to miss; then to tto wrong,
err, transgress. 39.
jap.dpTT](ia, arcs, TO, failure, wrong-
doing, fault, sin.
|t [xaprca, as, fault, sin.
d|xavpda> (dyuaiipjs, dark), to make
dark, impair.
d-p.a\i (/uLaxofMt), without figli fing.
dp,-ppoc-ia, as (dfj.-j3p6(nos and d/x-
/3/30TOS, immortal, f'r. a- and jSporus,
mortal), AMBROSIA,
dp.vo>v, ov, better. See d',
td-p-e'Xeia, as, neglect, indifference.
td-p-eXew, TJCTW, to be careless, to slight,
neglect.
a-p.cX'fjS, ^s (n^\ui), careless.
dp.iXXdop.ai, r)<ro/j.cu, etc. (d/tuXXa,
a contest), to contend ; w. eiri, to strive
for or strive to reach.
dp.ireXos, rj, a vine.
| dp/rreXwv, cDvos, 6, a vineyard.
dp-^vw, dfj.vvw, ij^vva, 108, 4, II.,
to ward off, defend; mid. to defend
one's self, avenge ones self on, punish.
dp.cf>i, prep, (akin to d/x0w), OH bolh
les of, about, around ; oi d^(f>l KG-
', Cyrus and those with him. 62.
AM PHI-.
tdp.<|)6Tepos, a, ov, both.
} dp.<j>oTpa>9V, on both sides.
dpx{><, both.
dv, post- posit, particle, 207.
0V, conj., contr. fr. tdv, (j. v., -//.
6
dvd, prep. , up ; in comp. sometimes
simply intern. ; dvd xparos, up to ones
strength, at full speed. 62. ANA-.
dva-f3cuvco, to go up, mount.
|dvd-pa<ris, ews, i], an ascent, inarch
inland. 21.
ava-Yi-yvwo-Kto, to know again, rec-
o;/nr.c, read.
tdva/yKa^w, dcrcj, a/ca, aa/aat, dffdrjv,
to compel, force, constrain. 3 1 .
dvd-yKT], T)s, necessity, constraint;
dv. fffriv, it is necessary or unavoid-
dva--yvovs, see d
dva-"Ypo.<|)fc), to engrave and set up,
as a tablet, to record.
dv-d-yw, to lead up ; mid. to put to
sea, set sail.
dva-0appo> or -dapatu, to regain
courage.
dvd-0T]na, arcs, TO (ridy/jo), that
which is set up, a votive offering.
ANATHEMA.
dv-aipeco, to take up ; mid. to take
up ones men, as the dead for burial.
dv-ar0T|Tos, ov (aladdvo/jiai), with-
out feeling. ANAESTHETIC.
dva-Koivdw (KOLVOW, uau, w<ra, w/zat,
w6r)v, to make common, fr. Kotvds), to
communicate; mid. to consult with.
dva-Kpd^w, to cry aloud, shout.
dva-Xa|JL(3dv, to take up, rescue.
dva-fXva>, to remain, wait for.
dva-iravw, to stop, trans.; mid. to
desist, rest.
dva-iri0o>, to persuade,. 31.
dv-dpia-TOS, ov (dpiarov), without
breakfast.
dv-apx^a, as (dpx??), ANARCHY.
dva-o-iraxD, to draw up.
dva-orrds, dva-OTTjvai, see o.v-(ffrt\-
fj.i.^
<xva-crTpe'4>, to turn back, retreat,
retire. ANASTEOPHE.
dva-Tapdrrco, to confuse ; dvarera-
pay/j.evos, in disorder.
dva-Tivw, to stretch or hold up,
raise.
dva-reXXw (rAXw, aor. retXa,
108, 4, II., to raise), to rise.
dva-Tt0T]fii, to put or set up, conse-
crate.
dva-roXr], rjs (d^a-re'XXw), a rising.
dva-<J>e'po>, to carry up. ANAPHO-
RA.
dva-xpea>, to go back, withdraw.
dvSpeia, as (dvi'ip), courage.
dv8pu>s, a, ov (dvr)p), manly, brave.
jdvSpeiws, like men, bravely.
tdvSpuxvTO-iroios, 6 (Trotew), a sculp-
tor.
dvSpids, dvTo% 6 (dvrjp), a statue.
dvSpwv, uvos, 6 (a-vrip), tlie men's
apartment.
Q.v-eytipa), to wake up, arouse.
dv-ciirciv (elwov), to proclaim, an-
nounce.
6, wind.
dv-iri-KXt]Tos, ov (irl-K\-r)ros, sum-
moned, accused, fr. e7rt-/caX^w, to sum-
mon), unblamed.
dv-<m]v, see dv-iffrrj/jLi.
&vv, without. 62.
see a-v-dyw.
see dv-eydpu.
dvrjp, dvdpos, 6, 57, 2, Lat. vir,
a man, as distinguished fr. a woman,
while &v6pu7ros, Lat. homo, is man as
opposed to god or beast; hence, a
husband, soldier. Often joined with
another noun as a term of respect,
especially in address, as &i>5pes ffrpa-
dv0', by apostr. for dvrt before an
aspirate.
dv0-i<TTT|}u, to set against ; mid. to
withstand, resist.
tdv0pwmvos, 17, ov, human.
&v0pw7ros, 6, a man, person, human
being. See dvyp. PHIL-ANTHROPV.
dvidco, dfftjj, affa, d9r)v (dvia, grief),
to pain, grieve, trouble.
dv-i'-qfu, to let go, unloose, unstring.
dv-i(m]p.i, to set up, raise, arouse,
start up ; mid. w. pf. and 2 a. act., to
get up, rise.
d-voT]Tos, ov (votw), demented.
av-oiyo), or -oi-ywp.1, 108, 5, dvol-
fa, dvty%a, etc., 103, ad fin. (0170;,
to open), to open. 48.
&v-oX(3os, ov, unhappy, wretched.
&-VQOS, ov, senseless.
dv-opvTTw (opvTTW, i/o>, i;^a, opu-
pvy/mai, &pv-%6iiv, to dig), to dig itp.
dvT-e-iri-(ieXOfjLai, to take thought in
return. See 6
dvr
diroXvo)
dvri, prep., in place of, for. 62.
ANTI-.
'AvTi-yovrj, 775, Antigone, one of the
daughters of Oedipus.
dvTi-Xe'-yw, to speak against, oppose.
dvTt-7rapa-<rKvdojiat, to prepare
one's self in turn.
dvTi-irapa-TaTTO|j.ai, to draw ones
self up against or opposite.
dvTi-iroicw, to retaliate ; mid. to
contend with one /or something.
<xvTi-(TTCuritoYrT]S, ov (ffTaffiuTYjS, a
partisan, fr. oTa<m), aw opponent. 33.
dvrpov, TO, a cave.
&vw (dm), 75, N. 1, up, high up,
above, into the air.
j dvw-'yewv, TO (yfj), 42, 2, a /ta/7.
d|ia, as (<ios), value, desert, due.
d|ivTi, 775, a;*, AXE.
td|io-9avjjta<rros, ov, worthy of ad-
DI t rut ion.
td^io-XoYos, ov, worth mentioning.
tfjios, a, ov, of equal value, icorth,
worthy, deserving.
jd|t6a>, axrw, etc., to a'ccm worthy or
/?'/, ; hence, to as^ demand, claim, as
tit.
jd^iwp-a, aTos, r6, dignity. AXIOM.
| dka>s, worthily, in a manner worthy.
doiSos, 6 (deidui), a bard, singer.
dir-ayyeXXw, to bring or carry back
wnril, to re-port, announce.
to conduct or lead away or
oi' (?rai5ei;a>), unedu-
cated.
d-rr-atpw, to Zt/35 off ; hence, to satY
away, depart.
t dir-aXXa-yTi, vjs, release.
dir-aXXaTTw, to se i /V*cc, deliver
from.
airaXos, 77, ov, so//!, tender.
&ira, 0?? ce, ortce /'or a^.
d-irapa-o-KCvaa-TOS or d-Trapd-
(TKvos, ov (Tra.pa-<TKvdfa, cr/ceOos), un-
prepared. 37.
ft-iraS) acra, av (a- cop., Tray), all
together, all, the whole.
tdirardw, ijtrw, etc., to outwit, de-
ceive.
dtraTTj, TJS, cunning, deceit.
&ir-ei|u (et/Ltt), to 6e away or absent.
, to go away.
, see aTr-e'xw.
, to drive off, to ride or
march away.
dir-eXOtov, see a7r-^p%o^at.
dir-epOKw (eptf/cw, ^w, u|a, to to^?
o/), to *cep o// 1 .
to </o away, withdraw.
w, to Ao/a 7 o/^', in trans, to &e c?/s-
te?ti( / mid. to refrain or abstain from.
dir-T]X0ov, see dir-pxofj.ai.
dir-fjpa, see aTr-ai/ow.
dir-w'vai, -ijiev, -ioijii, -iwv, see ctTr-
ei^/.i.
dirXoos, 77, GJ/, 65, simple.
diro, prep. , from, away from ; .in
cornet?, sometimes simply intens., and
sometimes almost negative. 62.
diro-pdXXw, to throw away, lose.
to disembark.
to point out, show,
publish, appoint, designate; mid. to
declare or express ones opinion, etc.
diro-8i8w(Jii, to ^ive >ac& or ?</>, re-
store, render wlmt is due; mid. to se/.
APODOSIS.
ciiro-SoKci (So/ce'w), t< o 7 ocs ?io^ seem
expedient.
cnro-8va>, to s^njo off, despoil.
diro-0VTJcrKtt, to rfte off, die, suffer
death, be slain.
a.iro-Kei-|JLcu, to be laid away, to be
reserved.
diro-KT]pvTTW, to renounce publicly,
disinherit .
diro-Kiv8vvvw, to make a bold at-
tempt ; pass, to be put to great hazard.
d-rro-KXeiw, to shut off, intercept. 26.
dirO-KOTTTW, to CW/ O/f.
diro-KpivoiiaiJit., to make decision
for one's self back, to reply, answer.
<xiro-KpvirTo>, to hide from, conceal.
<xiro-KTivu>, to kill off, slay, put to
death.
ci.Ko-KcjXvw, to hinder from.
diro-Xeiirw, to 7eai?c behind, desert.
dir-oXXvfja, to destroy utterly, slay,
Jose ; mid. to perish ; 2 p. a7r-6Ao>\a,
to o<? undone. 48.
'Air-oXXwv, wi/os, 6, Apollo.
tdird-Xvcris, ews, 77, release.
diro -Xv w, to y v 'cc /v 'om.
, ov (ju,d%o/zcu), disabled,
out of the ranks. 33.
diro-veiiw, to portion out, pay, give.
diro-voorew (vocrrew, r\aw, to return
home, fr. voaros, a return home), to
return home.
diro-ire'fiira), to send back, away, or
home, remit; mid. dismiss.
d-rro-TrXeco, to sail off' or away.
fd-iropew, T^CTW, etc., 6e at a loss or
i. doubt.
td-iropia, as, perplexity, difficulty.
49-
&-iropos, OP, without resources, dif-
ficult, impassable. 25.
aTro-o-KcSavvuju, to scatter abroad.
diro-cnrdw, to draw off, withdraw.
2 3-
d-iro-o-TcXXw, to send away. APOS-
TLE.
diro-o-Tepew, to rob, defraud. 27.
cnro-o-TpetfwD, to turn back, induce
to return. APOSTROPHE.
diro-o~uXda> (eruXdw, 7)<rtt>, etc., to
strip off), to rob.
diro-or^dTTa), to slay.
diro-<ra>(>, to lead back in safety.
to wall, fr. Ter^os), to wall off, to build
a wall to cut an army off.
dirO-T6(JLV&), to CUt Off.
diro-Tivw (TLVU, TL<TW, triea, rertKa,
r^Ticr/xat, CTiffOrjv, 108, 5, to pay), to
pay back ; mid. to take vengeance on.
diro-Tpcirw, to turn off' or back.
diro-Tv-yxdva), to fail to hit, to fail.
diro-<J>aiv, to show off ; mid. to
appear, display, declare.
diro-<J>v-ytt, to flee away, escape.
diro-xwpeu), to go back, retreat.
d-irp6<r-pa,TOS, ov (fiaivut), inacces-
sible.
airra), ai^w, ^i/'a, ^[ifjLO.1, ij<f>OT]v,
108, 3, to fasten, kindle; mid. to
fasten one's self to, touch.
&pa, post-posit, particle of infer-
ence, therefore, accord in nly.
dpa, an inteiTopr. particle, 282, 2.
dp-yds, 6v (a-, epyov), without work,
idle. 38.
tdp-yvptos, a, ov, 65, of silver, sil-
t dp-yvpiov, TO, a piece of silver,
motiey.
, 6 (apyos, white), silver.
, d/aecrw, ecra, tadrjv, 108, 6,
/!o please, satisfy.
dpTTJ, -^s, goodness, virtue, cour-
age. 37.
"ApT]s, eos, 6, ace. "Ap?; or "Aprjv,
Ares, the god of war.
'Apicuos, 6, Ariaeus, commander
of the barbarian troops of C3TUS the
Younger.
tdpi9p.o>, yew, etc., to estimate,
count, number. ARITHMETIC.
dpi0p.6s, 6, number, numbering, ex-
tent.
'Apio-T-apxos, 6, Aristarchus.
tdpKTTaa), rjcru, rjaa, rjKa, 7]/j.ai, to
breakfast.
dtpio-rov, TO (Ijpi, EARLY), breakfast.
&pi<TTos, T), ov, best, bravest. See
dyaOos. ARISTO-CRAT.
'ApKcLs, c5os, 6, an Arcadian.
dpKeo), ea-w, ecra, to suffice.
dipKTOs, ij, a bear. ARCTIC.
&p|ia, aTos, TO, artwo-whccled war-
clutriot, a. chariot.
|dpji.-d[xa|a, ?;s, a covered carriage.
J Apfivios, a, ov, Armenian.
apjAOTTw, 6(Tw, etc., to fit together;
intnms. to be fit or good for.
t dporpov, TO, a plough.
dpdo), ijpocra, -fjpodrjv, to plough.
tdpira-yri, i}s, pillaging, plunder.
6pira,w, cicrw and daoaca., etc.,
to snatch up, seize, carry off, pillage,
plunder, tear.
dpprjv or O.pa~t\v, appev, male.
'ApTa-^p|T]S, ov, Artaxcrvcs, esp.
Artaxerycs II., son of Darius II. and
brother of Cyrus the Younger.
'ApTa-ird,Ti]s, ov, Artapafes, a per-
sonal attendant of Cyrus the Younger.
"Aprefiis, iSos, rj, Artemis, identi-
fied by the Romans with Diana.
&PTOS, 6, bread.
tdp\aios, a, ov, original, old; TO
, formerly.
,^?, bfginui'iig, command, rule,
product', empiri', realm. 13.
tdpxiKos, V, ov, fit to command.
dpxw, ap$a>, etc., to be first ; in
point of time, to begin ; in point of
&PXWV
pdXavos
station, to command, govern, rule. \
AKCH-, -ARCH. 51.
!dpX<>v, OJTOS, 6, a corn-mo nili'r,
part, of prec. ; for voc. sing., see 48,
as (d-<re/37?s, impious, <re-
t, to revere), impiety.
t d-crOevsco, 7?(7w, to fo feeble, or s/c&.
d-<r9VT|s, es(0"0f f/ os, strength), weak.
d-<rivus, s. aat.veffTa.Ta, (d-ffiv^s,
harmless, <nvo/zat, to harm}, without
depredation.
d-<riTos, ov, without eating.
do-Ku), TJCTW, to practise, cultivate.
jd(TKT]Tos, a, <w, to be practised.
d<TKOS, 6, <i leathern buy.
d<r|Aevos, T?, ov (TjSo^ai), wcW pleased,
glad.
do-rris, t'Sos, 77, rc shield. 33.
dorrpdiTTw, -fjfT pa\f/a., 108, 3, to
liijIlti'H, </l C< I III.
d,<TTpov, TO, a star; comm. pi. <Ae
,sto-/'.s-. ASTKO-NOMY, ASTRO-LOGY.
&<TTV, eos, ro, 53, 1,
See
eo?, 6, Asfj/agcs, grand-
fat hor of Cyrus the Klder.
td-<r<})d\i.a, as, safcti/.
d-<r<j>a\T|S, es (a-^dXAw), w
to hi- fri/ijiad ii)>, firm, safe. 30.
d(r<|)a\Tos, y, bitumen, ASPHALT.
d-(r<j>a\<5s (d(T0a\^s), with or i
safety, safely. 23.
d-raKTOS, ov (rdrrw), z?t disorder.
d-Ta|ta, as (Tarrw), wa?i< q/ c?ts
as, exemption ; &\\r) TIS a.,
exemption from some other service.
d-T\T|s, es (r^Xos), unfinished^ ex-
c in/it from service.
drtp, without. 62.
fd-Tijxd^w, daw, etc., to dishonor,
disgrace. 33.
&-Ti]j.os, ov (Tifj.rj), dishonored, with-
out. hit nor.
drjii^w, iVa> (dr^uos, vapor), to
steam.
d-TvxTJs, ^s (TUX??), unfortunate.
a3, again, moreover, on the other
hand.
avX&o, ^(Tw (a^Xos, t ^6te, from
dw, to blow), to play the flute.
aiipiov, to-morrow.
es (auros, aputw), suf-
ficient iii ones self, independent.
avTT], aSrai, see oSros.
t avriKo, at the very instant, at once.
, SClf-
taVTO-K\V<TTOS, OV
biddc.n, of ones own accord.
tavTO-[io\CD, rjau (from a stem }io\-,
go), to desert.
avros, -h, ov, self, 79, 1, N. 1 ;
him, her, it, 79, 1 ; t/te same, 7l>,
2. AUTO-.
javrov, /wrc, there.
atiTOv, see e-avrov.
avro-xOwv, ov (ai)rjs, x^^" ^ c
earth), sprung from the land itself.
d<|>\ see O.TTO.
d<f>-aipEa>, to to:^e away; mid. to
ro&, deprive.
a-<}>avTJs, es (0aiVw), unseen, out of
sight, little known. 24.
!a-4>avla>, ttD, to wtiA:e unseen, de-
stroy, annihilate.
d<j>TJ, ^s (dVro^ai), /^c sc7?sc of touch.
d-<j>6ovta, as (a-00oj>os, ungrudging,
(f>6bvos), abundance.
d<j>-iT]|j.i, to wjirf away, back, or o^",
to sfiiJ /re<?, fc toosc or f/o.
d<j>-iKV0(Jiai, to CGWJC /?*om
place, arrive. 40.
d^-tinrevw (tTTTret/w, ei5crw, to
fr. tTTTrei^s), to rick off or
d<J>-to-Tt]fJti, to remove; mid. to rc-
, senseless.
(<t>v\a.TTu>), un-
A POSTATE.
d-<j>ptov,
d-<j>viXaKTOs,
guarded. 34.
t d-xapio"ria, as, thanJclessness.
d-\dpi<TTos, ov (%ap^b/iai), thank-
less, ungrateful, unrewarded.
^.d-\apitrTO)s, without gratitude. 25.
&-XpT]<rTos, ov (xpa-0/j.ai),
&XPS improp. prep, and conj
fo7. 62.
, wvos, ^, Babylon.
tpd0os, ro, c?c;?<A. BATHOS.
(3a0tis, eta, v, deep. 24.
paiva), pfaofuu, peprjua, 2 a.
108, N., to gro. 45.
pdXavos, -TJ, a nut or fruit, such as
the acorn, date, etc.
10
pdXXto,
, 2 a. tfiaXov, 108, 4, J I., to
throw, throw at, stone. 42.
tjjappapiKos, r], 6v, barbarian, BAII-
BARIG.
puppapos, ov, barbarian, BARBAR-
ors. 25.
tpdpos, r6, weight.
paptis, eta, i/, licavy.
touchstone, a test.
<ravos, T/,
tpcuriXcla, as, kingdom, royal au-
thor it >i or power.
t Pa<ri\ios, os or a, of , kingly, royal ;
neut. sing, or pi., sc. ou^a., Sci/xara,
a pa /ace. 14.
pcuriXevs, e'ws, 6, 53, 3, a jfcww/,
esp. tlie king of Persia, when cornm.
the art. is omitted. BASILISK.
Vw, to be king, rule. 2.
s, >?, bv, royal, the king's.
BASILICA. 23.
Pe'pcuos, os or a, ov (fialvw), abid-
ing, constant, Jinn.
JeXos, TO (/SdXXw), missile.
JtXrLwv, pcXricrros, see a7a^6s.
Jta, as, force.
.j.pi<xofi<u, da-o/jtai, etc., to force.
ipiaios, a, ov, violent.
Pkpdo>, do-w or a), a<ra, 120, 2
(causative of ftaivui), to make go.
pipXiov, TO (jStjSXos, papyrus-bark),
a book. BIBLE.
PIKOS, 6, a wine-jar, jar.
ptos, 6, life, a living. BIO-GRAPHY.
live.
), ??s (/3Xd7TTw), injury. '
.
pXdirrw, i/'w, etc., 108, 3, to t-
yit? 1 ^, hann, hurt. 35.
pXcTTft), ^ofj.a.1, \//a, to look, see. 28.
tpodco, rjao/j-ai, r}<Ta, to call or s/t0M
o. 36,
POTJ, ?}s, a 7o?7 cry.
JP<>T|-06ia, as, aid, assistance. 4.
jpoi]-0a>, Tjtrw, 7?(ra, ?;^a, 77/uat, to aid,
go to old, bring aid, r/.s-.v/.s/. 41.
jpotj-eds, dr, for PO^-ODOS, ov (^f'w),
running to the buftk-shotif, ailing,
helping.
JBoppds, a, or Popcas, ov, Boreas,
the north-wind.
CITOS, TO (/36<r/ca;, to feed),
pi. /.c^ cattle.
P6rpv9, I'os, 6, a bunch of grapes.
tpovXtvw, evaw, etc., top/an, f/evisr,
l>luf ; mid. to plan with one's self, de-
liberate, concert, ineditate. 7.
tpovXif|, ??s, apian, counsel.
pouXofxai, r)ffO[j.ai, jSe^oi/X^at, cfiov-
\r]0r)v, 102, 1, N., <o ?77, fce willing,
wish. f3ov\o/jiai expresses ic ill ing-
ness, i. e. mere wish or inclination
towards, e^eXw w;i7/, i. e. c/to/ce and
purpose, but this distinction is often
ignored. 18.
POVS, /Soos, 6, ?;, 54, bullock, ox,
or <vw ; pi. cattle. BEEF.
Ppaxvs, f?a, tf, s/io/ 1 ^ ; CTTI /3pa%i7, a
.s/*0r distance.
pp\a), tppcfrtfippeyiuu, ippWlv,
to tl'l't.
Ppovrdw, Tjcrw (ftpovrrj, thunder), to
thunder.
r.
ydXa, a^Tos, rb, milk.
ydfios, 6, marriage. 27. POLY-
GAMY.
yap, a post-posit, causal conj., for;
KOL yap, ctcnim, and (this is or was,
etc., the case), for.
y, a post-posit, enclitic particle of
emphasis, quidcm, at least, anyhou;
indeed, certainly, crcn, too.
yeirtov, ows, 6, i] (777), a landsman,
neighbor.
yeXdo), dffo/j.ai, aaa, dad-rjv, to laugh,
In ugh at. 33.
.{.ye'Xws, wros, 6, laughter. 17.
ye'v-, the stem of yiyvo/j.ai and source
of many other words.
j.^ycvfofcu, yevoC[i.Ti]v, soo yiyvo^ai.
|-yvvaios, a, ov(yfwa, descent), high-
born, noble.
i nobly.
O, ?'firc^, offspring, kind.
ye'ppov, TO, wicker-shield covered
with ox-hide.
yepwv, OJ^TOS, 6, an old mnn. 16.
yv<), 7ei7(rw, Zyevaa, ytyevfj.ai, to
girr a taste of; mid. to fnsfe..
ye^vpa, as, bridge, whether sta-
tionary or pontoon. 3.
11
t ye-wpyia, as (Zpyij), agriculture.
t ye-wp'yoSj 6 (fyr/w), a husbandman.
GEORGE.
YH, ??s (contr. fr. 7^a), pi. rare,
earth, land. g. GE-OLOGY, GE-OGRA-
PHY, etc.
|YT|-\O(}>OS, 6, a hill.
yfjpas, aos, us, TO, 56, 1, old age.
ytyas, avros, 6, 50, GIANT.
yL-yvoixcu, yevTi<TOjji.a.i, ycyej>r)/j.ai, 2 a.
eyevj/uL-rjv, 108, 8, to &e ior/i, become,
be, occur, come out, prove one's self,
arise, accrue, get ; 2 pf. yiyova, to be.
40.
yiyvsairKw, yv^ao^ai, ZyvuKa., yvu-
fffj.ai, eyvucrffrjv, 2 a. Zyvuv, 108, 6
and 8, to perceive, KNOW. 47.
y\av, KJS, i) (yXavKos, gleaming),
the owl, so called from its glaring eyes.
yX.vKV9, eta, tf, sivect.
yXwrcra, 775, MY; tongue. GLOSSARY.
yvu>|AT), 77? (yiyi^J}(TK<jj, st. yew-),
judgment, purpose, opinion, knowl-
edge. 38. GNOMIC.
yovcvs, ews, 6 (7ej/-), a father ; pi.
parents.
yovv, aros, r6, Me KNER.
ypcl(i.}J.a, arcs, TO (ypd.<j>u>\ a letter;
pi. letters, literature. GUAMMAR.
ypavs, ypajs, 17, 54, ?i old luoman.
Ypd<|>w, i/^w, etc., w. 2 a. p. e7/)ct-
0^, to GRAVE, write, compose. 2.
GRAPHIC.
t yunvd^w, ao-w, to exercise. GYM-
NASTIC.
it armed ; as noun, a light-armed
soldier.
yvfjivos, 77, 6v, naked, lighf.li/ clad.
yuvT|, ywaiKos, yvvaiKi, yvvaiKa, yv-
vai, etc., 77, a ivoman, wife. MISO-
GYNIST.
yu\|/, yviros, 6, a vulture.
A.
8cu|ju>v, oi'os, 6, 77, a god, destiny,
fortune.
SaKpu, ios, r6, TEAR.
4 SaKpvov, ro, a fcar.
jSaKpvw, vai>}, vaa, v/m,ai, to weep.
t Sairavdo), T^CTW, etc., to expend. 37.
775, expense.
tSapeiKos, 6, a DARIC, a Persian coin
worth 20 Attic drachmae. Perhaps
derived fr. the Pers. dara, a king.
Aapeios, 6, Darius, the name of
several kings of Persia, in particu-
lar Darius II., father of Cyrus the
Younger.
Sao-jxo's, 6 (daiofj.ai, to divide), an
impost, tribute, tax. 7.
84, a post-posit, conj., but, and;
Kai...5e, but (64) further (/cat).
8e'8ia, Se'SoiKa, see oti'Sw.
8t, see 5^w.
SeS(i>, 5ei(rofj,a.L, 5eiao., deSoiKa, 2 p.
5e5ia,eachperf. in pres. sense, to fear,
be afraid.
5et7/xat, edeix&'f}^, 108, 5, to show,
exhibit, portray.
8i\T|, 77?, afternoon, evening.
Seivos, >?, o^ (5et5w), fearful, 'mighty,
skilful ; 8ei.vl)v, TO, danger, peril.
jSsivcos, terribly.
tSairvcw, 770-0?, 77<ra, 77/ca, to rfme.
Ssiirvov, TO, dinner, the second of
the two regular meals of the day.
8Ka, fc?i. DECADK.
A\<J>OI, Civ, Delphi, the seat of the
famous oracle of Apollo in Phocis.
SevSpov, TO, or 8'vSpos,To, a tree. 51.
8gi6s, d, bi>, right, on the right
hand ; 77 de^id, sc. x e 'P the right hand,
often given and taken in making a
treaty ; ev Se^ta, w- the right hand ;
TO debtor, sc. Kepa.3 or /x^pos, the right
wing ; so TO, 5eia, ^A^ right. 33.
Ac'^-iTnros, 6, Dcxippus.
8e'p|jLa, OTOS, TO (5e/w, to skin}, the
skin, hide. 4.9. EPI-DKHMIS.
Sso-rroT^s, ou, voc. 5^o-7roTa, a mas-
tor, DESPOT.
Seupo, hither.
Sevrepos, a, ov (Svo), the second;
TO SetiTepov, a second time. DEUTE-
RONOMY.
Se'xojiai, ^o^tat, etc., take, accept, re-
ceive, an-fiit the attack of. 28.
Sea),
, to bind. 46. DiA-DEM.
Sew, SeTjcrw, ederja'a, SederjKa,
fj.a.1, fde-rjdriv, to want; del, impers.,
there is need of, it is necessary, one
12
must or outfit ; mid. to sto^wZ in need
<>j\ /'V//'/, (V'/-
8-n, post-posit. in tens, or infer, par-
ticle, itci-.ordinglii, so, then, now.
8f)Xos, 77, ov, dear, evident.
jS^Xow, uxrw, etc., to make dear, re-
late.
os, 6 (5/7/ios, &yw\ a
DEMAGOGUE.
Ar]-fj.T|TT]p, repos, rpos, 77, 57, 3,
Dem&ter, the Roman GV/vw.
t8r]no-Kpa,Tia, as (/tpdros), a DE-
MOCRACY.
Sfjfios, 6, the people.
STJOW, uxrw, wcra, a^v (5r;ibs, hos-
tile, fr. 5atw, to kindle), to ravage,
la If waste.
8id, prep., through, through the,
ageiK'H <[t\ nn airnidit of. 62. DlA-.
8ia-(3aiv(o, to (jo thruttyh or
A; r/m-x.
8ia-pdXXto, to at far/cone's character,
to air/tse falsely, slander. DIABOLIC.
8id-pa(ris, ews, 77 (5ia-(3aii>u\ a place
of cross/ tiff, ford, ferry, bridi/i 1 .
Sia-jBarcos, ct, ov (dia-^aivu), to be
crossed.
8ia-par6s, T?, ov (5ta-/3atVw), ford-
8ia-pif3da>, to carry or Zcrt<Z across,
transport.
8ia-poXt|, 175 (5ta-j3dXXa>), sl(md<T.
Si-ayyeXXw, to rfjiorf, anno/dice;
mill. /^ //". ///c ^v;/v/ /o one anotlier.
8ia-8i8o>p.i, to dixfrt'ftitfr.
8ia-6edofiai, to examine, observe,
consider.
Siaira, 775, mode of life.
8id-Kifxai, to ic disposed.
Si-aKoo-LOL, at, a (5ts, ^ice, t-Karov),
two hundri'd.
Sia-Xe'-yojiat, to converse. DIA-
LOGUE.
8i-aXXaTTw, to inferchanye, change
enm ity for friendship, reconcile.
8ia-Xva>, to put on end to.
8ia-TroXefJL'io, to flglit it out.
8ia-7ropij(), to carry across ; mid.
to tr///rc/i through.
Sia-irpdrTw, toicorJcout, accomplish.
to tear a^n't, pi under.
8ia-(n]|iaiva), to signify, make
knoicn.
Sia-cnruco, /r; draw apart, separate.
8ia-crimpa>, to scatter abroad ; mid.
/o xi-(tff<:r, intrans.
8ia-o-w^w, to A;cc^ safe through,
bring safe.
Sia-TtXeti), to continue.
8ia-Ti0Tu to dis-posc, manage,
8ia-Tp<j>w, to sustain.
8ia-Tpip<o, to wear away, waste,
i'fin/. 22.
1 8ia-<j>ep6vTO)s, pre-eminently. 29.
8ia-<j>epw, to DIFFEIJ.
8ia-(|>6etpa> (0^ftpw, 0#epu
e<t>Oap/JLai, 2 a. p.
108, 4, to destroy), to di'sfm// nttcrl n.
8ia-(j)vXdTTw, to pirwrrr, d<f< nil.
1 8i8d<TKaXos, 6, a Icurln'r.
8i8do-Kft>, d^w, etc., 108, 6, to
mrA. 51. DIDACTIC.
8l8t]fu, 108, 8, to Mud. See 5ew.
8i8u|JLi,
), eclw/ca, SeSuKa, dedo-
t, fdu6t)i>, 108, 8, to r//re, grant.
DOSE.
8i-Xavivw, to rzfc through.
o), to cross-question.
, to st(dtd or Af opart..
Si-Tj-ycojJiai, to describe in full, dis-
8i-i(n-t]p.i, to separate : mid. w. }>f.
and 2 a. act., to stain/ aj>art.
ISiKa^w, dcrw, ao"a, acr/tai, affdyv, to
judge.
t8LKaios, a, OP, _/?^, rigid; TO d.,
justice, pi. rights. 51.
}8iKaio<rvvTi, ys, justice, uprightness.
t StKaicos, justly.
J8iKa<rTT|s, oC, a judge.
SiKi], 775, r?V/7^, justice, penalty, a
lawsuit ; 5. SiSopat, to ^?/ /7tc ?>ni-
r/////, suffer punishment ; rrjsd. rvxeiv,
to ijd o,ji''x deserts. 46.
Aio- i yVT|s, eos, oi;s, 6, Diogenes.
Aiovuo-os, 6, Diorysus, one of the
names of Bacchus.
8ur-xlXtoi, at, a (dis, twice, xi'Xtot),
<MV> thousand.
8i4>6pa, as, a tanned hide. DIPH-
THERIA.
8ixa (5ts, twice), in tiro, apart.
8u|/a, 775, thirst.
jSixj/da), 77(7 w, 77<ra, -qua, 123, N. 2,
to thirst, be thirsty.
SlCOKT0$
13
, ov, to be pursued.
Siwxw, u>w or t6
flee), to pursue, chase, prosecute. 13.
s, 77, pursuit.
8o9fjvai, Sohjv, see 5t5w/u.
So ;<ea>, oo^w, edo^a, 5e8oy/j,ai, edo-
, 108, 7, to think; intr. to seem,
seem yood, be thought best, be voted.
38.
8oKifJ.aa>, d(ra>, acr/xat
/xos, accepted after proof, 5e%o/iai), to
prove, examine.
8da, ??5 (5o/cea>), opinion, reputa-
tion, glory. OUTIIO-DOX.
8o|as, 86, see oV-ceu.
SopKas, d5os, 77 (depKO/ji.a.1, to look),
a gazelle.
86pv, doparos, TO, i5Ae trunk of a
tree, a spear-shaft, a spear.
tSovXeta, as, slavery.
t SovXevw, eiW, to be a slave, serve.
SovXos, 6, a slave.
jSouXow, c6trw, etc., to enslave.
8ovvai, Sovs, see 5t5a>,cu.
8pdp.a, aros, r6 (5pdw, to c?o), ft
DKAHA.
Spdfioipa, 8pafj.oufJ.ai, soo rp^w.
8uvafJ.ai, dvvrjcro/Jiai, 5e5vvr]fji,a.i, 8v-
vfjdrjv, 102, 1, N., to be able, strong
enough ; oi ^yiara 8wa.fj.evoi, the most
pmrc/rfal. 45.
jSvyajiis, fws, 77, pou-cr, ability, a
war-force, forces, troops. 21. DY-
NAMIC.
4 Swards,
practicab/c.
6v, powerful, possible,
8vvw, 2 a. $5vv, 108, 5, to enter,
set. See 5yw.
Svo, 77, 1, TWO. DUAL.
Svo--, an inseparable prefix, ill,
132, 2.
8v<r-fj-vpTos, OP (eupia-Kui), hard
to find out.
Svtris, ews, 77 (5ww), i/w setting of
the sun.
8vT-Ko\os, ov (KO\OV, food), hard to
safisfi/, discontented; harassing, hard.
8vo-|j.T|, ?}j (5^w), comm. pi. th-c set-
fin <i of the sun.
8\><r-ir6pDTOs, ov (iropevui), hard to
pass.
Suo--TU)(T|s, e's
, unfortunate.
), dfau, etc., to
to
sink, trans. ; mid., w. p. act., to sink,
set. See duvw.
8(5, Secret), see didw/AL.
8a>-8Ka (5uo, 5e/ca), twelve.
8c5pov, TO (didw/jii.), a gift, present,
bribe. 7.
E.
IdXwKa, idXcov, see aKivKonai.
lav (et, dV), conj. followed by the
subj., (/".
ledv-irep, if indeed or o?ify.
4-avToO, T}S, 80, w. N., o/" /M'??I-
se(/", herself, itself; oi eavrov, his own,
(men), TO. eavruiv, their own (affairs).
law, ea<rw, emo-a, ei'a/ca, ei'a,aa, etd-
^77^, to allow, permit, let go or alone.
20.
lyyvs, c. and s. eyyvrepov, eyyvra-
TCL, or reptj}, rdru, near ; s. w. art.,
the nearest.
eyepC), tfyeipa, ey^yep/jiai,
, 2 p. eypriyopa, 108, 4, II.,
-ect ; 2 p. to
be awake.
as, self-control.
, f's (/cpaVos), m power
, to intrust.
over, self -controlled.
a or
belonging t<> tl<f.
7!>, 1, and 114, 1, w. N., 7.
EGOTIST.
4 ^y to) 'Y I for my part, I certainly.
8t|8oKa, see ec
see
, see
?8oo-av, see didwfju.
te9eXovTt]s, ov, a volunteer; as adj.
willing.
sometimes OcXto, 770-0;, 770-0,
TJKO., to be willing, wish, desire. 20.
0io>, ediaw, eidi<ra, eWiKa, eWiff/Ji-ai,
eidiadrjv (^os), to accustom.
?0vos,To, n nation. ETHNOGHAPHY.
9os, TO, custom ; pi. manners.
l, conj., (/"; ei /XT)", unless ; el ydi
or ei'#e, 251, would that ; as an inter.
part., 282, 4, whctJier.
ti'ao-a, see eaw.
tlSov
14
elSov, 6i8<3, tlSe'vcu, elSws, see bpdw.
jelSos, TO, form.
l'-0, see et.
elKa'fto, dVw, etc., to raa&e like,
likfti, suppose, conjecture ; 2 p. ot/ca,
to fo fe OY fit.
tiKocri, twenty.
CIKOTCDS (frn/ca), ?nY7i 7oo^ reason.
tlXov, i\6[JtT]v, see cupew.
tljti, &TO/XCU, iinperf. ^P, 129, I.,
to &e ; &TTtp, ?!< is possible.
dpi, imperf. ifctp or ??a, 129, II.,
and 200, N. 3, to go.
ctirov, 2 a., spoke, told. 44.
ci-ircp, if in fact.
to hem in.
ipT]Ka, el'pi]n<H, see elirov.
tlpTJVT], 775, peace. 23.
els, pvep., /^o, 7i, /o, for. 62.
els, M' a > f") 77, 1, o^c; /ca^' eVa,
one by one, sinyly.
eUr-po\TJ, 175 (^dXXco), an entrance,
pass,
t?ito or in.
(et's), v; it kin.
iTa, ^/w,, fhercupon, next.
t\ov, see x w -
K, see e^.
?Ka<rros, ?;, oi', C(7c^, every, of a
number ; pi. several, respective, all.
|KcurTOT, ea-ch time.
KaTpos, a, ov, each, of two.
.).KaTp0V, o?i both sides.
|KaTpwo-, in both directions.
, a hundred. HECATOMB.
, to cast out, banish.
?K-pa<ris, ews, 17 (/Satvw), outlet,
pass. 25.
?i<--yovos, oi/ (yo^), born from ; oi
ZKJ., the descendants; TO e/cy., Ac
young of animals.
, 5epu), ISftpa, 5e'5ap
, 2 a. p. eddprjv, to flay], to flay. 42.
Kl,
, thence, from that place.
iK6Lvos, ??, o, dem. pron., 83, tliat.
CK-KaXuirTO), to uncover.
K-K\T]o-ia, as (\-a\ew), ?i assembly
called b/t //if crier. 10. ECCLESIASTIC.
, 108, 4, II.,
way.
, to scZcc^. ECLECTIC.
, /(? drink up.
, to fall out, be banished.
, see eK-7rX^TTa>.
K-irXew, to sai7 away.
K-ir\^TTw, to ^n'^T out of one's
senses, terrify. 41.
(TTOUS), ow< q/</ic way.
, to inarch out.
K-irpir^s,es (wpeirui). distinguished.
K-Ti0T]fjti, to expose.
cK-<j>akV(i>, to show forth, proclaim.
K-<jxv-ya>, to flee from, escape.
IKWV, oOo-a, OP, 66, N. 1, willing,
of one's oim accord.
2Xaiov, TO, olive-oil, OIL.
IXaTTwv, OP, see /ULIKPOS and 6X1705.
cXavivo), \d<T(jj or eXa>, ^fXacra, fX?7-
Xa/ca, e\r)\afMii, ri\a.0-qv, 108, 5, to
drire, ride, march, of the commander,
both trans, and intr. See
20. ELASTIC.
tXd<J>ios, o, OP, of a deer.
2Xcuj>os, 6, i), a deer, stag.
, to confute, convict. 43.
IXetv, IXeVOai, see aip^w.
teXeuOepia, as, freedom, liberty. 51.
eXevOepos, a, OP, //re, independent.
jcXevdcpdo), wo-w, to free.
6X<j>as, apTos, 6, & elephant.
eX0iv, -OIJJLI, -w, -wv, see tpxo/j.ai.
t'EXXds, ados, 77, Greece.
"EXXrjv, T?POJ, 6, Hellen, son of Deu-
alion ; then a Greek, used also adj.
, ij, OP, ra;&, Grecian;
TO 'EX. (so. a-TpaTv/j.a),the Greek force.
HELLENIC.
o, to-a, /a-^77P, to 7w;?C.
, t'5oj, ^, 50, 1, hope.
|i-avTov, ??s, 80, w. N., of myself.
E|i-Paiva>, to (70 mto or on board,
embark, fol. by ei's.
, to ^/iroz<; w ; to inflict ;
reflex., witl- PIS, to invade. EMBLEM.
l|A-pds, -pdvres, see ^-/SaiVw.
e|x-pipd^cj, to mafce embark, put on
board.
see /nevw.
, /o remain in.
82, wi
15
epn), IjioC, !|i, see (fyw.
jjL-7repo>s (Treipa, trial, acquaint-
ance), in acquaintance with.
, to fall into, occur to.
, to impress upon, inspire
ojJLai, to #o in or to, travel
on business, engage in traffic.
t (i-iropiov, TO, a 7Hftr, emporium. 9.
gfi-iropos, 6, o?ie 021 a journey, a
merchant.
fyrirpwrOtVfin front ; 6u., the pre-
ceding.
fj.-c}>avia>, iu) (0cuVu), to show forth,
show.
ev, prep., ix, on., , among. 62.
tcv-avTioojxat, waofiai, -rjvavTiuiJ.ai,
ijva.vTi.(jj6rjv, 105, N. 3, to U'ith-
stand.
cv-avrios, a, OP (d^ri), opposite, op-
posed to, in one's face.
cv-dirTw, to 6t7tc? o?i, sc on fire.
V-8TJS, fS (Sew), 771 7tfrtn.
v-8iKW|Ai, to mark out, in-dicatc,
express.
2v8ov (tv), within.
v-8vvw, to put on.
(eijiu) to ie 77?..
, o?i account of. 62.
a, see ey-^Lpi^w.
V-fjv, see tv-ft/ju.
?v0a (ev), ^Acrc, where, thereupon,
then.
where.
, see
(ev), thence, hence, whence.
|v0t'v-8,/ro7/i ^/tz's very place, hence.
V-0os, ov, inspired.
ev-0v(xeo|iai, rjffOfj.ai, w. aor. p., etc.
(tfi^os), to Aare m mind, reflect. 29.
|v-0vi}rr|}ia, aros, TO, a thought,
plan. ENTHYMEME.
Viavr6s, 6, a year.
cvi-oT, 152, N. 2, sometimes.
cv-voet, often clep. w. aor. p.,
m mind, be apprehensive.
j^v-voia, as, a thought, reflection.
ev-opdcD, to see 77i a person or thing.
vos, kvi, see efs.
ev-rdTTo), to enroll.
evTa00a (evOa), here, there, then,
hereupon.
plete, full.
to stretch tight or _po., f;t-
string a bow.
, ^s (TeXos), at tlie end, com-
completely.
vrtii0v (Zvdev), from here or /Acre,
hereupon.
or inspire in.
, to jm upon,
6v-Tt0T](jLi,
V-TO\TJ, ijs
command, Te\\w, to raise), a
Ivros (ev), within.
tv-rxry^avw, to fall in with.
e, prep., 13, 2, from, out of, after,
by means of. 62.
8g, six.
^-ayyeXXw, to /eZZ 02^, report.
ef-d-yw, to /ed ow<, induce.
i|-aiT(D, to demand from ; mid. to
oe.7 q/f.
t^-airaTao), to deceive grossly, de-
ceive. 34.
6^-airaTTj, 175, imposition.
f-amvT]s or t-cu<|>vT]s (&<pvw, un-
awares), of a sudden, suddenly.
^-eifjLi (eiV), ^ ^ 07^ o/ restraint,
only imper., &je<m, ^eo-Tat, etc., T.'
?'s m 07ie's power, possible, one may ;
pt. e^p used absol., 278, 2, 7<;7ie7i -^
ts or was in ones power, when one
may or might.
2-eiju (efyu), to o/o o?t#, empty, as a
river.
^-\avvo), to expel; intr. to r*Wc
o?^, march forth, on, or away, to ad-
vance.
-ep-yao}j.ai, to Z6W& out, accom-
plish.
, to ctwre
, -<rrai, ^ is, will be, pos-
sible, see
&>, ao-a/, etc. (freoy, reaZ), to
examine, scrutinize.
j^-eVao-is, ews, ??, a??, inspection, re-
view. 21.
j-ov, see
, to co?ne O7i< to, to reach.
-eLfu.
, to urge forth ; intr. tose
.
(eO, without, outside, abroad,
beyond, beyond tlie reach of. EXOTIC.
2ouca
16
Im-rrjSt
loiKa, see etY'a^"a>.
to briny to, on, or upon.
os, 77, ov, praiseworthy.
t CTr-cuve'w, to approve, praise, com-
mend. 38.
ir-cuvos, 6, praise.
lir-aiTios, oi>, blamed for a thing;
TraiTioi>, a ground of accusation.
teirdv or CTTTJV (tird, av), conj. w.
subj., whenever, as soon as.
tim (fTrt), conj., wlien, since.
JeimS-dv (dv), conj. w. subj., when
indeed.
4.irei-8ifj, conj., tch-en now, when.
rr-i}ii (eifd), to be upon or over.
ir-ciju (el/xt),
or co??ie -upon,
to come on, attack, make an attack;
, to throw a covering
over ; mid. to conceal ones self, and
so the pt., secret/;/.
tm-KiiirTw (/vi'TTTW, Ki'i/'w, eKv-J-a,
KfKv<f>a, 308, 3, fo bend forward],
to bend to or orcr, intr.
eiri-Kvpdw (Kvpow, oxrw, /o confirm,
Kvpos, authority), to confirm, rote.
7rt-Xav6dvo(iai, to forget. 40.
eiri-Xe'-ya), ^y sa?/ besides or /so.
EPILOGUE.
eiri-Xetirw, ^o Zcare behind; of
things, to fail.
ciri-fieXe'ofiai or -[icXopai, .r/ao/j-ai.,
etc. w. nor. pass. (/xe'Xw), /o care for,
give attention to, observe or icatch care-
f"lJU- 35 ;
jeiri-fjt\T|s, f's, careful, vigilant.
T) fTTiovaa Tjfj-epa., the next day ; so TJ
firiovcra vui^. j tem-opKt'w,
<fir-iTa, thereupon, thereafter; 6 KCL, to siccar falsely, forswear one's
ITT. xpo^os, the corning time. ; sc/f.
7r-pa)Taw, to put a question to, to \ tciri-opKia, as, perjury.
ask again. ciri-opKos, ov (dpKos), against one's
Hir-4\o), to hold upon the place oath, perjured.
where one is, delay. EPOCH.
7TT]V, see eirdv.
ir-T]v, see e-jr-e
Tr-T)pc(JLT]v, see f
cm, prep., on, upon; in cortrp.
sometimes simply intens. ; eirl Tfrra-
pwv, four deep ; eirl 7a/xcj, in mar-
riage : (<f> fy, on condition that, 267 ;
fTrl \eiav, for or to obtain booty. 62.
EP-, EI'I-.
tem-(3ovXiJ, top/an or})lot against,
to plot.
iri-(3ouXi?|, ^s, a plot.
TrL--yi-yvo|xai, to cowe upon, arise.
eiri-8iKW|Jit, to exhibit, sltoir, 'point
out.
Trt-8i8wp.i, to give besides, yield
more, intr. increase.
(6v/j.bs), to set one's heart mi,
.
|iri-8vp.ia, as, desire.
iriKOVpr|[J.a, aros, TO (eirLKovptw, to
aid ; eTrt/covpos, helping), a protection,
relief.
erri-iriTrrw, to fall upon.
iri-irovos, ov, for toil, toilsome, la-
bor ions. 23.
iri-o"iTi<r|ids, 6 (e7ri-(rm'("o/xcu, to
furnish erne's self with food, circs),
provisioning, obtaining provisions, a
supply of provisions.
eiri-o-Koire'w, to look at, inspect, con-
sider : hence, to ascertain.
to ~k.no IK Icmc, Jcnou", understa/iid. 45.
, T?S, knowledge.
?}s (eTTi-o-rAXw, to send
to), a leticr, EPISTLE. 3.
*m-<rTpaTv, to make an expedi-
tion against.
6iri-<nj>aXr|S, e's (<r0dXXa;), prone to
fall, unsteady, dangerous.
m-<r<j>aTTtt or -<r<j)d5a), to sltnj
vcpon .
to bring to an end, ac-
, for a
complish.
iriTT|8tos, a,
purpose], suitable, proper; TO. ITT. or
simply eT
Utjltlen, Kov<f>os, light), to liyhten.
, to rule o ver, be v icforious.
provisions. 29.
eiriTT]8fcv<>, ei'/ao) (eTriTrjdes, on pur-
pose, advisedly), to pursue, devote
self to.
CmTl0T]|U
17
cvoirXos
6iri-Ti0T]fu, to put upon, inficf, as
punishment ; mid. to put ones self
upon, attack. EPITHET.
em-TpcTrw, to turn over to, infruxt.
iu-)(ipa>, rjffiij, 7/cra (xtip), to pat
hand to, try, attempt. 10.
iri-\|/T]<|>t, to put to vote.
irXf|YT]v, see 7rX^rra>.
iir-oiKO-Sofitw, to build upon.
iro|j.ai, 'efio/j.ai, 2 a. ecnro/JLTjv, to
follow, attend' belong to. 48.
tiros, TO, word; pi. verses, a poem.
EPIC.
Trra, SEVEN". HEPT-ARCIIY.
cpao-TTJs, ou (i: pa/mi, to love), a lover.
t cp-yd^opxH, epydffo/Jiai, eipya.fffj.ai,
cliyaaa./nf]v, 103, to w;or&.
J ep-yao-ia, as, U'0/-.
"Upvov, TO, WORK, deed, action, un-
dertaking, execution, fact, event, re-
sult, exercise. . 34.
p-ya>, obs., and 2p8, ep^w, epa,
2 p. Zopya, to WORK.
ay, a desert. EREMITE,
HERMIT.
<fpt]Hos, rj or os, ov, lonely, deserted,
tii, unprotected. 50.
w, TJpiaa, to contend with.
, t5os, r?, 50, strife.
, TO, a, piece, of good luck.
s, 6, a^j- interpreter.
HERMKKEUTICS.
'Epjj-^s, ou, 38, Hermes, identified
by the Romans with Mercury, the god
of speech, messenger of the gods, and
giver of good luck. HERMETICALLY.
tpvjxvos, 77, ov (epvofjiai, to defend),
furl, ijied, di'fcnsibJe.
, ^Xei;(ro,u,at, Att. el/xt, 2 p.
108, 9, to come,
\r)\u0a, 2 a.
(JO \ i 1 '
epw, eiprjKa, see clirov.
<tp<a<s, wros, 6 (tpa.fj.au, to desire),
love, desire. EROTIC.
ipwrdw, riau, etc., w. 2 a. ^pbpi-rjv
fr. po/xai, ^o inquire, ask, question.
47;
(T0i]s, T)TOS, 17 (Hvvvfu, to clothe), a
garment, apparel.
4<rOia>, e'So^uat, edrjdoKa, edridecr/mat.,
T)0ff6-r)v, 2 a. f'0a7oi/, 108, 9, to EAT,
consume. 46.
o-0\6s, ?), oV,
Icnrcpa, a, evening. VESPER.
, lo-Tt, <ia-T<a, see ei>:.
<rTaX|ivos, see trreXXw.
^o-Ta|Xv, lo-rdvai, 130, see ijT-rjfu.
<f<r-T (et's, ore), conj., ?>/Ai7.
'^(TTT]Ka, (TTIOS, ?<TTT]V, See ICTTTJ/M.
craipos, 6 (eT7?s, clansman'), a
companion, comrade.
^ra^a, Tax0T|v, see Tarra;.
?TpOS, a, 01% ^/iC OTHER of two.
%n t yct, still, further, any longer;
W. C. ,9^7/, 617C71, 9i?/.
troi}jLos or ITOIJJLOS, ?? or os, ov,
ready.
TO, a year.
, see Tp^0a>.
(prop. neut. of Epic eus, good,
brave), ivell, easily ; in comp. well,
very. EU-, EU-LOGY.
tv--yvrjs (7^"-), well-born, noble.
<J-V<os, aw (777), fertile.
tv-8ai|iovia, as, happiness.
icD, to regard or
esteem happy, congratulate.
eu-Sa.Lp.wv, ov (dai/muv, fortune),
fortunate, prosperous, /t"j>j>!/. 24.
eu-8o|os, oi/ (5j^a), m repute.
, f's (fldos), fine-looking. 30.
, eveXiri, 66, N. 3, of good
hope, hopeful.
ev-tpYeo-ia, as (epyu), a kindness,
favor ; bene-jicence.
ou (ep7w), a bene-factor.
v (uvrj), well-girt, ac-
tive.
v-T|0ia, as(ei">-T7077S, simple-hearted,
simple, ^0os), simplicity, stupidity.
cxi0vs, ?a, i), straight; hence, ei)0u$
as adv. , directly, straightway, at once,
immediately, forthwith.
ev-Kaipo>s (K<up6s), seasonably, op-
portunely.
cv-xXe^s, ^s (/cX^os), glorious.
v-KOcrp.ia, as
(ev-
, cautious, \ap,^dvui), to liave a
care, beware.
tev-voia, as, good-will, fidelity.
ttv-votKws, with good-will.
efl-voos, ov, contr. ewous, ow, well-
disposed. 4.
cw-oirXos, cx(6'7rXof), well-armed. 30.
18
, & (7Ti9ofj.ai), obedient.
v-irTws (ev-Trerrjs, falling icell,
TrtTrrw), with ease.
v-irpaKTOS. ov (irpdrru), easy to do,
practicable. 34.
ttuperrjs, ou, a discoverer.
tvpicTKco, vpr)<r<>}, fjKa, 71/j.ai, e6r)V,
2 a. evpov, 108, 6, to find, devise.
40. EUREKA.
ti5pos, TO, breadth, width. 19.
t'Evpv-Xoxos, 6, Euryloclms.
tvpvs, eia, iJ, broad, ivide. 24.
t ev-<T |3eia, as, piety.
cv-o-tpris, es (crejSo/xat, to reverence],
pious.
V-T<XKTCOS (ev-TaKTOs, well-ordered,
rdrrdi), in good order.
ei>-T\)\iat, yaw, etc. (eu-Tux 1 ?^ fortu-
nate, rvx'n) t be- fortunate.
(adv., to 00, as KaXws f%et, ^ z's iccZZ.
39. HECTIC.
ttoKeiv, see eiKa^w.
tuipwv, IwpaKa, see bpdw.
^ws, ew, ^, 42, 2, w. N., dawn,
morning.
'ecus, eonj., as /o?^ as, ^-i7.
w, 7?(Tw, 123, N. 2, to JUYJ. 36.
(ppdvd-rjv (Qp-fjv), 108, 4, II., to ?'C-
joicc, please, gladden.
Ev<^paTT]s, ou, the river Euphrates.
6ixo(Jtai, |o/xai, etc., to pray, vow.
(ovo^a), of good name
or omen ; hence, left, used euphemis-
tically for the ill-omened word dpia-re-
pos, oil ^/w left hand, omens from the
left being unlucky. 37.
<>dvTv, see <paiv<i).
l>-irojj.at, to follow after, accom-
pany.
?<>Tv -, see
<p-iT][jLi, to 5CJio? to; mid. to own, a^ ;
Zo?j ,f/ after.
ty-Lo"rf]}ii, to bring to a stand, halt ;
also to se upon or oi'c?% appoint ; mid.
w. p., and 2 a. act., to stop, intr.
?<{>-o8os, ^, rt way to, an approach.
<j>-op<xo>, to Zoo& over, oversee, guard.
tix0apw, a/aw, TJX0W", 108, 4, II.,
to hate.
hatred.
> as > enmity.
os, a, 6^, hateful, hostile ; ex-
6pbs, 6, a personal enemy, while TTO-
\e/j,ivs is an enemy wi war, a public
enem.
fjjai, ec-)(iQ-r]v, 2 a. ffx ov t fo have, hold,
possess, contain, wear ; f^w, having,
with; OVK l%w, not to know; with an
, 2 a. p. 6^7^, 108, 5,
e, ^'04)4, form by joining. 48.
TO, a yoke, team.
, Atos, Au, A/a, ZcO, ^cws, iden-
tified by the Eomans with Jupiter.
tll> t'HVj see ^ w -
^T]Xdw, uxrw (^Xos, emulation, zr.AL,
f^w, to 00i7 i^>), to g?4W/.
, as, /oss, penalty.
UXTW, etc., to ca?s 07ic toss
or a'o 0?4e damage, to fine, punish.
r)TD, ^<rw, etc., seek, inquire for.
'
108, 5,
?j, a belt, ZONE.
wov, r6, for faiov (fwos, living,
^ctw), a living being, animal. ZOO-
LOGY.
H.
fy conj., or, than; f)...tf, either...
or ; TroTfpov ...ij, whether ... or, 28 2, fi .
Tjp-qSdv (7?/3?7, manhood, youth), in
the manner of youth ; irdvres ij., all
from the youth upwards.
tT|-yen-wv, 6fos, 6, a leader, guide. 17.
Tj-ye'o|iai, 7}<rofJLai, etc. (070;), to lead,
think. 36.
fl'Seiv, fj'Sco-av, see olda.
T[8ws (ySus), gladly, cheerfully, with
pleasure.
^St], already, just now, now, at
length, presently, at once, forthwith.
f]So|jicH, i]a6r)ffOfj.ai, ij<T6r)v, to be
pleased.
4.T|8ovt], -^s, pleasure.
' is, ela, v, sweet, pleasant.
TJtV
19
Or; paw
, T|<rav, f|orav, see elfja.
see irjfjii.
TO (e9os), custom ; pi. disposi-
tion, cJiaracter.
TJKw, 77u>, to be come, have come,
come. 28.
fjX0ov, see epxonai.
T|Xi0ios, a, ov (17X65, crazy, Si7/?/, fr.
<S\77, wandering), foolish.
fjXios, 6, /ie s*m. 32. HELIO-
TYPE, HELIO-TKOPE.
T||J.eXT]|l,VWS (pf. pt. Of djUeXe'aj), m-
cautiously.
TJ|Upa, as, <A day. 8. EPII-EME-
11 A L.
T|fMTepos, a, ov, 82 (^as), w^r.
TJJXI-, in oomp. semi-, half. HEMI-.
T)[u-8apiKov, TO (oa/oei/cos), half-
daric.
TJiu-Sc4js, <?* (5ea>), wanting half,
half full.
fjH,i<rus, eta, u
i^v, contr. fr. eaV, q. v., i/!
fjv, ^o-0a, ^jo-av, see ei>i.
f|vtKa, rel. adv., ivhcn.
Tjvt-oxos, 6 (fyia, a rein, ^%w), re
driver.
"Hpa, as, 7/cm, identified by the
llomans with /w?io.
i'Hpa-KXe'T]s, e'eos, 6, 52, 2, N. 3,
Hercules.
Tjp6|i7|v, see ^owrdw.
fjpws, wos, 6, 55, N. 1, a HERO.
fjo-Orjv, see ijdofj-a.i.
as
L, T]TTf)<rofj.aL or
i, etc., w. aor. pass., to be inferior,
worsted, conquered, or defeated.
fJTTwv, ov, worse, inferior, see /ca/c6s.
i]v-, TJV-, for words so beginning see 1 0pdiraiva, 775, a handmaid.
6i*-, eu,
t0clXiros, r6, warmth, heat.
0aXira>, i/'w, to warm, heat.
Oavaros, 6 (OvrjiTKu), death; eVt 6a-
vary, to or for execution.
|0avaToa>, wcrw, wcra, w/tat, udrjv, to
condemn to death.
0do|xai, d^ffo/mai, edaffd/j-^v, to won-
der at, gaze upon.
Odirro), i/'w, a\f/a, T^OtlflfUUf 2 a. p.
ra.(f)-rjv, 108. 3, to burn. 41.
|0appaXeos, a, ov, courageous. 22.
f GappaXe'cos, with confidence.
t Oappt'a), vycrw, to be courageous ; pt.
as adv. without fear.
ddppos, TO, courage.
0apcr-, for words so beginning see
0app-.
0aTTwv, ov, ses TO.XVS.
aTos, T6 (Odo^uai), a innidt-r.
<i>, a<ro/iat, ao~a, a/ca, aaOr/v, to
wonder at, admire, be surprised or
astonished. 28.
| Oavfido-ios, a, ov, wonderful.
|0avfia<rTos, 77, 6i>, to ie wondered at,
wonderful.
1 0avfxa<rTws, nston ish ingly.
0a, as, goddess.
0edo(xai, dcro/iai, etc. (^a'o/iat), ^o
gra.rc <, watch.
, ou, a spectator.
, TO, TIIKATKE.
Ottos, a, ov (^eos), relating to the,
gods, divine.
0'Xw, see efle'Aw.
0|H(TTO-KXT]S, ^OS, 6, 52, 2, N. 3,
Themiatocles.
06s> 6, 77, a god, goddess, deity.
THEISM. 13.
.|.00-o-e'j3ia, as(<re/3o/xat, <o reverence),
"H<f>ai<rros, 6, Hephaestus, identi-
fied by the Romans with Vulcan.
> a sound, noise. ECHO.
0.
tOaXacrcro-KpaTtop, opos, 6, 77 (
Te'w), master of the sea.
OdXarra or 0dXao-(ra, 775 (dXs,
sea), the sea. 3.
t Gtpairfuw, eu<rw, etc., ^o serve, wor-
ship, cure. THERAPEUTIC.
Oepdirwv, OVTOS, 6, a servant.
1 0p[io-irvXcu, wv, T'hermopylae,\\t.
Hot dates.
0pjios, T), w (dtpu, to warm}, warm.
0pos, TO (depw, to warm), summer.
erraXos, 6, a TllESSALlAN.
0e'w, eeuffo/jiai, 108, 2, to rw?i.
, 6, a THEBAN.
, Oypbs, 6, a wild beast.
) to hunt. 8.
0T]peuri's
20
'IcDVlKOS
}0TjpevTr|s, ou, a, hunter.
|9T]p;vw, eiVw, etc., to hunt. 2O.
4.9r]piov, TO, a wild beast or animal.
14.
0TJ<ravpos, 6 (rid-rj^L), a store laid
tip, a TREASURE.
0T]Tva>, ewrw (drjs, a serf), to serve
for hire.
0vq<TKtt, 6avoufji.ai, redvrjKa, 2 si. tda-
vov, 108, 6, to die, be slain ; pf. as
pros, to be dead. 44.
17, ov, mortal.
a ?i0ise, tumult, uproar.
'49-
t0paKT], 775, Thrace.
0pa, a/cos, 6, a Thracian.
OvyaTTjp, Tpos, 77, 57, 1, a daugh-
ter.
|0v(too(Jiai, wo-oyucu, etc., w. aor. pass.,
0v[i6s, 6 (dvd), to rush), the soul,
mind, passion.
0upa, as, ofot'r ; pi . cfoor, doors,
quarters, court.
t0vo-Ca, as, sacrificing, a sacrifice.
47-
0vo), 6vau, etc., ^o sacrifice. 20.
t0<paKiw, icra, tcr/xat, <o arwi w*7/i a
cuirass, arm.
0(6pa|, a/cos, 6, cuirass, breast-
pluli', coiinn. consisting of a breast
and back piece joined by clasps. 16.
0u>s, ^wos, 6, rj, a jackal.
I.
lo.op.ai, idcro/jutt, lao'd/mrji', to heal,
cure.
jlarpos, 6, a surgeon, physician.
ISeiv, i8oi|ii, i8w, ISwv, see 6/5 a w.
IDI:A.
l8iwTT|s, oi> (fSios, jiersonal, private) ,
a common person or soldier, a private.
IDIOT.
I8os, TO, sircat.
jLSpow, OKJW, wcra, 123, N. 3, <o
sweat.
iSpvw, I'<TOJ, etc. (t'fw, <o ?;iA:c <o
,s/0 fofi,i; found, dedicate.
LSpcas, WTOS, 6 (I5os), sweat.
Up 6s, a', d^, sacred ; tep6v, TO, a tem-
2>lc ; iepd, sacrifices. HIEROGLYPHIC.
|ipo-<ruXos, 6 (cri'Xaw, to des2)oil), a
robber of temples.
I'tjfJLi, r)vu, fiKa, fixa,, el/mat, eWrjv,
108, 8, and 129, III., to send,
hurl; mid. rush, hurry on, charge.
LKCIVOS, TJ, 6v (IKW), becoming, suf-
ficient, able, capable, enough.
"iKapos, 6, Icarus, the son of Dae-
dalus.
tiKTt)a>, eutrw, cuaa, to siqiplicate.
tiKTi]s, oi', a suppliant,
tiKvecjiai, 1'^OyU.at, ly/j.a.1, 2 a. LKOHTIV,
108, 5, to come, arrive at, reach.
I'KW, poetic, to conic.
I'Xcws, uv, propitious. 12.
l\T), 77$, a troop of horse.
tp.ds, di'Tos, 6, a leathern strap. 17.
IjiaTiov, TO (ewvfjii, to clothe), a gar-
ment.
Vva, final conj., 'in order that, tlait.
'IvSiKos, 77, 6v ('I^56s, an Indian),
Indian.
I'oijii, iovros, IOVTWV, see et^tu.
"Iinr-apxos, 6, Hipparclms, son of
Pisistratns, the tyrant,
ti-nirevs, ews, 6, a horseman; pi.
cavalry. 21.
ttTTiriKos, r), or, equestrian, caralri/.
I'TTITOS, 6, 77, a horse, mare ; d<f> or
(f> ITTTTOV, on horseback', of a single.
horseman ; in the pi. of more than
one. 9. HiiTo-i'oTAMUS.
i'<r0i, tore, sec o!5a.
tlcro-irXevpos, ov (TrXevpa), cqui-lat-
cral.
l'<ros, 77, ov, equal ; 1$ foov, on an
equality. ISO-SCELES.
\!oTTT]|JLt, arriaw, effr-rjcra, effr-rjKa,
e<TTa/j.ai, farddrjv, 2 a. ZaTtjv, 108, 8,
and 126, to set, set up, STATION,
make STAND, halt; mid. with pf.,
pip., and 2 a. act., to STAND, STAND
one's ground.
fl<r)(vp6s, a, ov, strong.
\ \4mipiit, forcibly, exceedingly, very.
l<TXvs, i^os, 77 (is, vis, strcny/h),
strength.
I'o-ws (ros), equally, perhaps.
iToxrav, see ei/xt.
iX^'s* 5os, 6, afish. ICHTHYO-LOGY.
%vos and i'xviov, TO, a track. 13.
Dvia, as, Ionia.
77, 6v, Ionian.
Kd-
21
K.
KO.-, crasis of Kal d-, Kal e-, as itaya-
BJS, Kdyu.
KaO', by apost. for Kara before an
aspirate.
), Ka6ap&, ^KdOrjpa
v, 108, 4, II.
pure), to p urifij.
Kwa, et\KV(T/j.a.i, el\KVff6r)v, to draw),
to lift ul down.
Ka0-t)8co (e#5u, evdrjau, to sleep), to
lie down to sleep, to sleep.
Ka0-TJK, to reach down.
Ka0-ia>, Ka6iG) and
tKadicra and KaOlaa (i'fw, to
#//), to sent, place ; intr. to sit down.
Ka9-io-TT](xi, to se down, station,
cstablisli, bring, post, make, constitute,
appoint; mid. w. pf., and 2 a. act.,
t f'i/,-c one's place, be established.
KaO-oTrXio>, to arm f idly, equip.
KO.C, conj., and, a/so, even, further;
Kal...8e, but... further or also; re...
.tair, Kal... Kai, both... and; Kal yap,
seo yap.
Kcupos, 6, the fitting or proper time,
a r/'/.s'/.s', occasion.
Kai-Toi, and certainly, and yet.
KCUCJ or KUIO, Kavatt), tKavcra, K-
KavKa, K^Kavfj.ai, eKavffrjv, 108, 4, II.,
to burn, kindle, set on fire, CAUTER-
IZH. CAUSTIC.
JKaKia, as, badness, baseness.
tKa.Ko-T|0T]s, es (^05), ill-disposed,
malicious.
ticaKO-voos, ov, contr. KO.KOVOUS, ow,
cell -minded.
KaKos, ??, bv, 73, 1, bad, base, ill,
corrupt, cowardly ; xaKov, TO, an evil,
h'ii-nr. CACO-PHOXY.
jKaKovp-yos, ov ("pyw), criminal ; as
noun, an evil-doer.
|KaKcSs, badJy, evil, ill ; K. TTOI&J or
irpdrrw, 165, notes 1 and 2.
K<xX.b>, KaA<2>, Ka\f<ra, KeK\rjKa, K-
K\-rj/j.ai, K\riBir}v, to CALL, summon;
pt. KaXov/afvos, so-called. 27.
KaXXicov, Ka.X\i(TTos, c. and s. of
/ca/\6s.
KaXos, T?, ov, 73, 1, beautiful, no-
ble, good, favorable. 12.
'w, v\f/a,
108, 3, to cover, conceal.
KaXws (/caXos), beautifully, well,
bravely, successfully. See e'x^
Kctfivo), K-a/ioO/xat, KK/m.rjKa, 2 a. t/ca-
^oi', 108, 5, to fe ^'rcrf, exhausted,
disabled, sick.
Ka.fj.oi, by erasis for /cat ^ot.
K&V, by crasis for A-ai &v,
KolvSvs, wos, 6, a?4 outer garment,
robe.
Kaveov, contr. Kavovv, TO (navvr), a
reed), a wicker-basket.
KapSia, ay, fJtc Jusart. CARDIAC.
Kapiros, 6, fruit.
KaprepiKos,??, ov (KapTfpos. see Kpd-
repos), able to endure, pat.icnt.
Kap<j>T| , r/s (/cap0a>, to dry), hay.
Kaa-TwXds, in the phrase Ka<rrw-
XoD irediov, the plain of Castdlus, a
mustering field in Lydia.
Kara, prep., down, down from,
down along, against, opposite ; in
comp. often simply intens. ; (card
Kparos, according to or with all one's
might ; /cara TroXets, by cities ; Kara
(pdXayya, in the form of a phalanx.
62.
Kara-|3aiva>, to go or come down,
descend.
iKara-pao-ts, ews, ij, a descent, a re-
turn to the coast. 21.
KaTa-yeios or --yaios, ov (yrf), un-
derground, subterranean.
, to laugh at.
, to bring down or back,
restore ; mid. to return.
KaT-a-ywvt^ojJiai, to struggle or pre-
vail against, conquer.
Ka.Ta-8va>, to make to sink down,
sink. 48.
Ka.Ta-0cio|j.ai, to look down upon,
take a view.
Ka.Ta-0va>, to sacrifice.
Kara-Kaivco (tfaiVw, Ka.v(a, 2 p. K-
Kova, 2 a. ei<avov, 108, 4, II., to Jh7Z),
j to c/<< down, kill, slay.
Kara-Kcub), to 6-wrw. down, burn up.
Kard-r<6Lfj.at, to ^ie inactive.
KaTa-KOTTTco, to t^ f/o^-?t or to
pieces. 3 1 .
Ka.Ta-Xa.fxpd.va>, to se/^e 7^07%
overtake, find. CATALEPSY.
22
), to leave behind, leave,
desert, abandon,
KdTa-Xtuw (\fvci), XeiVw, eXeucra,
\eva6r)v, to stone), to stone to death.
Kar-aXXaTTw, to reconcile. 41.
Kara-Xva), to unyoke, halt, over-
throw, stop fighting.
Ka.Ta-|Avw, stay behind, remain,
settle down.
KaTatiravft), to put to rest, end.
KaTa-ire'(JLircD, to send down.
KaTa-TnjSaw (irrjdda), rjffo/j.at, rjaa,
rjKa, to leap), to leap down.
Kara-irX^TTw, to strike down,
frighten.
, to extinguish.
((r/cdTTTw, di//a>, etc.,
w. 2 a. p. e<TKd<f>-r)v, 108, 3, to dig),
to dig down, raze, demolish.
KaT<x-<rKvda>, to prepare fully,
furnish, make.
KdTa-o-KOire'w, to look doum upon,
reconnoitre.
Kara-o-irafc), to drag down.
Ka,Ta-<rrp<}>a>, to turn down; mid.
lo subjugate, subdue.
Kara-trx^w ((TXI^W, iau, to cleave),
lo hciv down, burst open.
Kara-TiO-qfAi, to put down ; mid. to
deposit, to lay up in store.
KaTa-Tpp, to wear out.
Ka.Ta-<f>avT|s, ^s(0cuVa>), clearly seen,
in plain sight. 24.
KaTa-<f>v-yo), to flee for refuge to,
take refuge.
Ka.Ta-<J>pove'a>, to think inferior,
despise.
Kar-e'xeo, to hold down or fast, re-
strain, forbid, occupy, come to land.
t Kar-Tj-yopcw, r}ffu, to, speak against,
accuse.
KaT-rJ-yopos, 6 (ayopetui), an ac-
cuser.
K6.r<a (Karri.), down, below.
KO.O), see Kaiw.
KctfJiai, Keiao[j.a.i, 129, V., to lie,
to lie outstretched, br laid.
KKTT|p,ai, see rrdo/Mu.
KcXaivai, wv, Celaenae, a city in
Phrygia.
), cvaw, eucra, eu/ra, eva/mai,
K^XXoj, to drive on), to urge,
bid, command, order. 4.
, ov, a Celt.
Kcv6s,v7, 6v, empty, groundless, with-
out.
| Kvo-o"7rov8ia, as ((TTretfSw), zealous
p u rsuit of frivolities.
\. Kvo-Ta<(>iov, TO (rd0os), an empty
tomb, CENOTAPH.
tKepajxeiKos, Ceramlcus, the Potter s
Quarter.
os, 6, Ccramus.
drjv and eKepdff6Tjv, 108, 5, to mix.
Ke'pas, arcs or ws, TO, 56, 2, a horn,
the wing of an army. RfllNO-CEROS.
tK6p8aivw, KepfiavG), tKtpoava, Kexep-
SrjKa, 108, 4, II., to gain.
Kc'pSos, TO, gain.
Ke<f>aXii, 775, the head. CEPHALIC.
KT,Sop.ai, eKrj8eaa.fji.riv, to be troubled
about, care for.
1"KT]pv, VKOS, o, a herald. 16.
KT]pvTT<o, |w, etc., to proclaim.
KtXijj, IKOS, o, a Cilician.
|KXi<r<ra, r)$, a Cilician woman or
queen.
tKiv8vvi5a>, et/o-w, etc., to encounter
danger, run a risk, be in peril. 33.
KtvBvvos, 6, danger, peril, u.
Kive'w, rjffiij, etc. (w'w, to go), to make
go, move.
KXe'-apxos, 6, Clcarehus, a general
under Cyrus the Younger.
KK\eifJ.ai or /ce'/cAei0>ccu, l
shut, close.
KXe'os, TO (icX^w, to glorify), glory.
KXe'irrw, /vXe'i/'w, ^/cXe^a, KK\o(pa.,
KeK\efj./Mti, 2 a. p. tK\dirr)v, 108, 3,
to steal.
K\ifj.a, a/cos, i) (/cXiVw), a ladder.
CLIMAX.
KXwTrevco, etytraj (KX^TTTW), ^o steal,
intercept stealthily.
KOIVOS, rj, 6v, common; ra KOLVO.,
public affairs.
jKoivwvia, a?, community.
JKOIVWVOS, >?, 6v, sharing in.
KoXda>, aVw, acra, aa/jiai, dcrOrjv
(-6Xos), /o c/wcA:, punish, chastise. 26.
JKoXaKfvw, ei5o-w, to flatter.
KoXa, a/cos, 6, a flatterer.
KoXa<rTijs, ov (/coXd^w), punishcr.
KoXos, ov, docked, curtailed, stunted.
KoXc<r(ra
23
KoXo<r<raC, Cov, Colossae.
KO|ib>, to), etc. (/coyuew, to tend), to
take care of, carry away so as to save,
car i'ij, bring, conduct.
Kovi-opros, 6 (/cow, dust, 6pvvfj.i, to
raise), a cloud of dust.
KOTTTto, oi/'w, o\l/a, o0a, ofj.fj.ai, 2 a.
p. fKbirriv, 108, 3, to strike, cut,
slaughter, knock. 22.
Kopa, a/cos, 6, a raven or crow.
Kopt|, ??s j(lem. of Kopos, a boy), a
girl.
KOpv4>tj, 775 (/c<5pus, helmet, Kapa, the
head), the top of anything, summit.
tKocrjiew, TJO-W, to arrange, adorn.
COSMETIC.
Koo-fios, 6, order, ornament, equip-
ment. COSMICAL.
Kox)(j)os, T?, ov, light, dry.
Kpdo>, f. p. /ce/cpcio,uat, 2 p. as
pres. K^Kpaya, 2 a. %Kpayov, to cry
out.
icpdvosj TO (Kapa, the head), a hel-
met. 19.
tKparepos, A, 6v, strong.
Kpartcj, TJCTOJ, etc. (/cpdVos), to Jc
strong, master of, or victorious, to con-
trol, overcome, conquer.
KpaTTjp, ypos, 6 (Kepdwvfjii), a mix-
ing vessel, large bowl. 43. CRATER.
Kpdros, r6, strength, might, power;
&va Kparos, up to ones strength, at full
speed. 19. AUTO-CRAT.
Kpavyt|, rjs (/cpd(w), an outcry,
noise, shout, shouting. 49.
Kptas, aos or ws, TO, 56, 1, ,/Ze^,
meat.
, Kpario-ros (/cpctTos), Jc^-
efficient, best, see a7a#os.
Kpe'wv, OVTOS, 6, Creon, a king of
Thebes.
Kprjvt], 77?, a spring, source. 3.
Kp-qiris, iSos, 17, a foundation.
KpTJs, ^TOS, 6, a Cretan. CKETA-
CEOUS.
Kpidij, ^s, comm. ])!., barley.
|Kp0ivos, T;, of, of barley.
Kpfvo), tVw, 'enplva, /c^/cpt/ca, KKpi/j,ai,
fKpidw, 108, 4, II., and 109, N. 1,
to separate, judge. 43.
jKpCcris, ews, 17, judgment, trial.
CRISIS.
T]s, oP, a, judge. CRITIC.
Kpirias, ou, Critias.
KpoKoSetXos, 6, the CROCODILE.
Kpovco, ffu}, etc., w. a. p.
to strike, clash.
t KpvTTTos, ??, 6v, hidden, secret.
Kpvirrw, i//w, etc., 108, 3, to con-
ceal. 27. CRYPT.
jKpvcj>a, without the knowledge of.
KTaofJiai, 7j(ro/j.ai, etc., to acquire,
get together; pf. to /urn acquired, to
possess. 36.
KTVW, KTfVUI, tKTeiVO., 2 p. ZltTOVa,
2 a. CKTCLVOV, 108, 4, II., to /h7/. 44.
KTf]|Jia, aTos, TO (/cTao/iat), a posses-
sion. 27.
KTTJVOS, TO (KTaofiai), a piece of
property; pi. cattle. 43.
KT^oris, ^ws, 17 (KTaofj,ai), a posses-
sion, possessions, property.
KTO>, KTicru, ^KTicra, ^KTiff/maL, e/cTt-
ffdrjv, to found.
Kvpepvt]TT^s, ov (nvfiepvau, to steer),
a p Hot. GOVERNOR.
KtiSvos, 6, the Cydnus, a river in
'Cilicia.
KVIKTJVOS, 6 (sc. o-rarrip, a stater),
a gold piece, coined at Cyzicus, worth
28 Attic drachmae.
KvicXdo), UXTOJ, ojcra, w/xat, (#?;' (KIJ-
K\OS, a CIRCLE), to encircle, surround,
Jiem in. CYCLE.
KVKVOS, 6, the swan.
Kw-a/yos, 6 (KVWV, ayw) a hunter.
KvireXXov, TO, a beaker, goblet.
Kvpcios or Kvpeios, a, ov (KDpos),
belonging to or of Cyrus.
Kvpios, a, ov (Kvpos, authority}, hav-
ing authority ; Kvpia, as, a mistress.
Kvpos, 6, I. Cyrus the Elder, found-
er of the Persian empire, over which
he began to reign 559 B. c. II. Cy-
rus the Younger, son of Darius II.,
brother of Artaxerxes II., unsuccess-
ful aspirant to the throne of Persia.
The history of the expedition which
he made against his brother 401
B. c. was written by Xenophon.
KV(v, KVVOS, v. KVOV, 6, i], a dog.
46. CYNIC.
KtoXvo), tiffdi}, v<?a, vfj.at, vdyv (/coXos),
to hinder, forbid, prevent. 26.
tK&>n-apXT)S, ov (apxu), a village-
chief. 8.
24
Xvrp(
], 775, a village. 3.
, ov, a villager. 15.
KomXos, f), ov (KumXXw, to prate,
chatter), loquacious.
f \rix6-nv, 2 a. IXaxov, 108, 5,
^s, ci, 42, 2, w. x., a 7ia>e. 8.
Xa6iv, -wv, see \av6avw.
AaKeSaifJiovios, 6, a Lacedaemo-
nian.
XaXid, as (XaX?w, to chatter), talk-
ing, talkativeness.
Xap.pd.va>, \~r)i]/o/J.ai, etXr;0a, eiX-rj/j.-
Hai, e\ri<f>e7)v, 2 a. Aaop, 108, 5,
to take, capture, receive, obtain. 39.
Dl-LEMMA.
tXajiirds, ados, TJ, a torch. .
f Xap/rrpos, a, bv, brilliant.
jXafitrpOTTjs, TJTOS, ?;, splendor.
XajJLirw, \d/uL\f/(jj } Z\a/J.\f<a., XeXa/u.7ra,
to shine. LAMP.
XavOdvco, XTJO-W, XeX^o-^tai, 2 p. X^-
X7;^a, 2 a. \a6oi>, 108^ 5, to cscc/jt^
^Ae 7io</ce of, lie hid from ; mid. to
forget. For its constr. w. a part., see
279, 2. 44.
Xd\os, TO (Xa7x < * I ' w )> ^ share.
Xe'^Wj Xew, fXe^a, ctXoxa, ft\eyfj.at
or \t\ey pat, eX^x^j 2 a. p. e\eyr)i>,
to collect, gather.
Xe'-yw, Xe'o>, eXe^a, \e\eyfj.aL, cXe-
"X.Q'qv, to say, tell, speak, state, call,
speak of, mention. 18. LEXICON.
Xa, as, &0o?/, plunder.
Xei|x<ov, wj'os, 6 (Xet'jSw, to pour), a
moist place, meadow.
2 ]). \f\onra, 2 a. eXiTroj/, 108, 2, to
LEAVE, abandon; iut. pf., ?m7/ Aarc
been left, will remain. 39. EL-LIPSIS.
XevKos, 17, OP, bright, white.
Xeuv, OJ/TOS, 6, a LION.
AewviSas, oi, Lconldas, the Spar-
tan hero who fell at Thermopylae.
Xij-yw, w, to LAY, allay; comni.
intr. /o come to a?i e?<c.
X^0i], ??s (Xaf^d^w), forge /fulness.
LETHE.
or i]|o|JLai, ffo/j.ai, <rd/j.tjv
(Xeta), to plunder.
jXt]<rTia, as, robbery. 49.
|XT|<rn]s, oO, robber.
Ai{3vTj, T?S, Libya.
Ai^vs, uos, 6, a Libt/an.
fXiBtvos, ??, OP, of stone.
tXiOo-poXia, as (jSdXXw), throicwg
of stones.
\iQos ,o, a stone. 6. LITHO-GKAPH.
Xi(JtT]v, eVos, 6, a harbor.
T/S (Xet'jSw, to pour), a lake.
OS, 6, hunger.
a, ov, contr. Xt^oOs, ^, ouy
(XiVov, anything made of flax), flaxen,
LINEN.
tXo < yttH' ai *oiyiat, e tc. to consider,
calculate. 33.
Xo-yos, 6 (X^7w, to say), a tcorrf,
narrative, discourse, speech, discus-
sion. -LOGY, -LOGUE.
XOYX^I '/^ ft spear -head, spear,
lance. 49.
XoiSopco), ^(ra>, etc. (Xoi'Sopos, &<-
sire), to revile.
Xoiiros, >?, OP (XeiVw), remaining ;
\onrov effTiv, it remains ,' w. art., /Ac
7r*J; TO XotTrop, in future, lb'0, 2.
Xovo), to wash, comni. mid. ns dep.,
, \ovaofjuai, etc., to tV/e.
Xd4>os, 6, ^/ie &c& o/ ^/ie wec^, a
ridge of ground, a hill. 6.
tXox-a-yds, 6 (ayw), a captain. 6.
X6)(os, 6 (Xeyb), to collect), a com-
pany of soldiers. 23.
AvSia, as, Lydia, a province of
Asia Minor.
AVKIOS, 6, Lycius.
XVKOS, 6, a wolf.
X\jp.aLvofJ.ai, \vfj.avovfj.ai, etc., 108,
4, II. (Xvw, outrage), to outrage, de-
stroy, cause ruin.
tXviro, rj<Tw, etc., to grieve , pain,
vex.
Xvmj, T;S, pain, grief, distress.
jXvirqpos, a, bv, painful, grievous.
Xvpa, as, the LYUE.
A\J<r-av8pos, 6, Lysander, a Spar-
tan general.
tXvo-i-irovos, ov, freeing from toil.
tXvo-i-TeXrjs, es (TeXos), paying trib-
ute to, advantageous, profitable,
O, a ransom.
25
|u'<ros
Xvo>, Xi/crw, etc., to LOOSE, break,
destroy, abolish, remove; mid. to ran-
som. 2. ANA-LYSIS.
XTo-<f><ryos, 6 (Xwros, the LOTUS,
and 0d7- in i-<t>ayoi>, see eadiw), a
lotas-eater.
M.
fid, an adv. of swearing, 163, by.
p.dOr]|ici, arcs, TO (fj.av6a.vu), a les-
son : pi. learning. MATHEMATICS.
McuavSpos, 6, the Maeander, a river
of winding course in Asia Minor.
MAEANDER. .
liaCvojiaij/x.ai'ou/wu, fj.r)vdfj.T)v, 108,
4, II., to be mad. MANIAC.
fiaxap, apos, 6, fein. /j.dKap or fj.d-
Kaipa, blessed.
j p.a.Kapa>, t( ^> ^ esteem happy or
fortunate.
p,a.Kp6s, a, 6? (/ZTJ/COS), fon#
(sc. odoi'), ft /ovtf/ ?tw?/, /ftr ;
pov as adv., farther. 12.
[idXa, 75, N. 2, wry, exceedingly.
|iavddvb>, fj.adr)<ro,uai, /m./j.ddr)Ka, 2 a.
t/j.adov, 108, 5, to learn, ascertain.
39-
tjiavTia, as, ?i oracle.
p.dvTis, ea>s, 6, T/ (jj.a.ivojj.a.C), a seer,
soothsayer. 22.
Mapo-iias, ov, Marsyas, I. a Phryg-
ian satyr; II. a small river of Phrygia,
said to be named after the foregoing.
t(iapTvpw, TJCTW, etc., to icar witness,
confirm.
t|J.apTDpO}J.cu, ^apTvpd.arji', 108,
4, II., to caW to witness.
[idp-rus, /j-dprvpos, d. pi. fj.dprv<n,
6, ^, a witness. MARTYR.
Mdo-xas, a, <7ie Mascas, a tributary
of the Euphrates.
P.<XO-TI, 470?, ?/, whip, lash,
scourge. 16.
fiatTTos, 6, one of the breasts, a
breast; hence, a hill. 35.
(idxaipa, as, a short sword or dag-
ger.
tfidxT], T?S, a battle, fight. 15.
|id)(O|iai, ytiaxoD/xat, ~fj.efj.dxrjfj.ai,
e/j.axffdfj.r)v, to fight. 31.
lie-yaXo-irpeiri^s, es (fj.^yas, Trptiru),
magnificent.
\ \i.eya.\o-'irpe.ir(as } ivith great liberality.
He^dXws (yweTas), greatly.
Meyapa, ra, Mcgara, the capital
of Megaris.
p-e-yas, fj.eyd\7), fj.eya, 70, and
73, 1, great, large.
ji0T], ?js (fjicdv, wine), strong drinJc,
drunkenness.
p.0vw (^e^f, wine), to be drunk.
fiei^cov, P.CYKTTOS, see fj.eyas.
|iio>v, oi', smaller, see yu,t/c/oos.
(xe'Xas, atw, ai', 67, &Jacfc. MEL-
AN-CHOLY.
p-eXerdaj, ^(rw, -^tra (/a^Xw), to care'
/or, practise. 50.
peXivi], T?S, millet.
|i'XXw, AteXX^crw, e ^XXrjcra, 102,
1, N., to fee about, to intend; hence,
to delay. 43.
, TO, a?i air, melody.
to be a care to; comm. imper., /xeXet,
fj-eXriffei, efj.\r)(T, fj.e/j.e\r]K, as /u.e.\et
^toi ToOSe, / cre /or <Azs, 184, 2,
N. 1 ; mid. to to;&e care o/.
to remember, see
, to blame.
, a post-posit, particle, used to
distinguish the word or clause with
which it stands from something that
is to follow, and comm. answered by
5^, sometimes by dXXd, /J-^VTOL, ZireiTa,
in the corresponding clause, on the
one hand, indeed, though often not
to be translated.
|}iv-Tot, post-posit., assuredly, in-
deed, however, and yet.
p.vw, pfvC), fyeiva, fj,e[j.{vT}Ka, to
stay, re- MAIN, continue, be in force,
await. 42.
Mtvwv, wi'os, 6, Afenon, a general
under Cyrus the Younger.
(itpijiva, 975, care, anxious thought,
trouble.
|j.Epos, T6, a part, share, detach-
ment ; fv fj-^pei or ev T<J) fJ-epet, in turn.
t HW-TiuPpia, as (rifj.tpa), middd/f,
noon ; the, country towards the me-
ridian, the south.
|A(ros, rj, ov, MIDDLE ; /J.<TOV, TO,
the middle, midst : did pevov, iv
MrmXa
26
through, in the space between, or sim-
ply between. 14.
IVUcrmXa, 775 or wv, 77 or rd, a city
on the Tigris.
fjtecrros, 77, ov, full, full of.
p-erd, prep., omul, among ; in comp.
sometimes in the sense of participa-
tion, as in fj.eradidw/ji.1, fj.^-ex^- 62.
jjLTa-(3oXT|, 775 (/3dXXw), a change.
fjL6Ta-8i8cofjLi, to give a share.
t jJteraXXttiw, eucrw, to mine.
jjieTaXXov, TO, a 7?tMU3 or quarry,
a METAL.
(MTav (jLLerd), between.
(itTa-irqiira), to sewd a/for / mid. to
send for, summon.
pTa-Ti0T]fu, to put in a new place,
change.
HTa-<j>vrVtt (0i<rei5a>, etVw, eucra,
ev/j.ai, evdr)v, to plant, ^>vr6v, a plant,
<j>vu), to transplant.
ftT-e'x, to hare a_ sJiare of, share.
(lerpov, TO, a measure. METRE,
-METRY.
|x-rj, adv., not, 283 ; conj. that not,
lest, t)w.t, 215.
|iTj-8^, but not, and not,nor, not even.
4jJLT]8-is, fj.f}de-fjila, prid-tv, 77, N.
2, wo erCTi O7W, ?io one, no; ^^v,
TO, nothing.
jjxilSt'-iroTC, never.
MTjSeia, as, Medea.
Mf]8os, 6, a Medc.
|i.T]-K-Ti (fj.r), tri), no longer.
fjLTJKos, TO, length. 19.
}ITJV, a post-posit, intens. particle,
in truth, surely.
\L-r\v, fjL-rjvos, 6, a MONTH. 17.
(it]vvco, i5<ro7, etc., ^o disclose, make
known. 50.
n-ever.
(iTj-T, conj., and not, nor; fj,rjr...
fJLr)T, neither . . . nor ; ju^Te . . . rt, both
not., and.
JlTJTTlp, MTPOS, T), 57, 1, W. N. 1,
a MOTHER. MATERNAL.
108, 4, II., to pollute.
108, 5, or AV7w, 108,
6, /LUCJ, [J.ia, IJL^ fj.i'y fj.a,i, /j.ixdf]v, 2 a.
p. eni-Mir, to MIX, MINGLE.
MtSas, oi', Midas, a king of
Phrygia.
p-iKpos, a, ov, 73, 1, small, weak.
MICRO-SCOPS.
|MiXT|<rtos, 6, a Milesian.
MI\T]TOS, 77, Miletus.
MiXTidSrjs. ou, Miltiades.
MiXtov, wj'os, 6, Mi/o.
|ii|iop.ai } -rjffo/jiai, etc., to imitate,'
MIMIC.
fj.v7)adr)t>, 108, 6 and 8, to remind ;
mid. and pass, to remember, make
mention of, mention; pf. yueyu^/xcu
as pres. 29.
|no-b>, Tjcrw, etc. Ouuros, hatred), to
hate. MlS-ANTHROl'LST.
fiio-Ods, 6, ivagcs, pay, hire, re-
ward. 8.
4|ii(r6o-<j>opd, as (0epw), receipt of
wages, wages received, wages.
ijuo-Go-cjxjpos, ov (0e/)w), serving for
hire; /j.i(r6o(f>6poi as noun, mercenaries,
4Hicr6da), o>o-w, etc., to Zc^ ow< for
hire; mid. 199, N. 2, to Azre, ni-
gage the services of. 18.
fivd, as, a MIX A.
|iv^|iwv, ov (/u,m>T/<r/caj), mindful.
MNEMONICS.
fjtdXvpSos, 6, Zrad.
(Jtdvos, >;, ov, alone ; fibvov as adv.
only. MONO-, MON-.
Mov<ra, 775, the MUSE.
jjLv0o-Xo"Yu), Tjffii} (/j.v0o-\6yos, a
teller of legends, fr. puOos, a talc,
and Xe'7w), to tell as a legend, relate.
MYTHOLOGY.
tfivpids, d5os, 77, a MYRIAD.
pjpios, a, ov, 77, 2, N. 3, ten tliou-
sand. 29.
fjivpfLT]!, 77/fos, 6, the ant.
jxvs, Mi'os, o, a MOUSE.
s, 6, a Mysian.
N.
vads, oO, or vcws, w (vaiw,to dwell),
a temple.
vdirt], T?S, a glen, ravine.
I vav-|iaxia, as (/m.dxo/u.ai), a sea- fit/lit.
tvav-irrj-yds, 6v (ir^yn^u), building
sh ips.
vavg
27
vavs, veus, ij (akin to vtu, to swim),
54, a ship. NAVY.
j.vavT~r]s, ov, a sailor.
JVCIVTIKOS, 7?, bv, NAVAL, NAUTICAL ;
vavriKri, ijs, a fleet.
veavias, ov (veos), a young man,
youth.
VCO.VIO-KOS, 6 (^os), a young man,
even to the age of forty.
NciXos, 6, the Nile.
vcxpos* 6, a dead body, always of
a person ; oi v., the dead. NECRO-
MANCY.
V|X(i>, VCIJ.GJ, tvetfjia., vevt/JLrjKa, veve-
IJ.iHJ.ai., ve/j.r)d-r)v, to deal or portion out,
distribute, pasture, graze. NEMKSIS.
ve'os, a., ov, young, NEW. NEO-
PHYTK.
4 vOTTvo>, evffw (veovabs, a young
bird), to hatch.
VEupd, as, a bowstring.
vpov, TO, a cord made of sinew,
NKKVK.
ve^eX/q, rjs (^0os, a cloud), mist;
hence, a net. NEBULAR.
vews, vewv, see raOs.
vcws, u>, 42, 2, see va.5s.
vqt, vqes, see mOs.
vfjo-os, i), 42, 1, an island. POLY-
NESIA.
to was/i.
tviKaw, riffw, etc., to conquer, defeat,
In: r/cfd/'ini/s. 36.
VIKTJ, r)t, c.unquest,, vicfor//. 50.
vot'w, riffu, etc. (i/6os), to observe.
vojjids, dSos, 6, ij (V^/ULW), roaming
about for posture; oi vo/j.., pastoral
tribes, NOMADS.
vojxVj, 775 (ve^w), a herd.
1 vo|i(<i>, id}, etc. , to regard as a cus-
tom, to regard, siqipose, think, believe,
consider. 27.
vdp.os, 6 (v^w), anything assigned,
a custom, law. 6.
vdos, contr. i/oDs, 6, 43, mind,
judgment. See irpoa^xu-
vda-os, i), disease, sickness.
vovs, vot), vw, see VMS.
vuKTepevcD, tvffu (vv), to pass tlie,
night.
vvKTO-<|>v\a|, a/c-o?, 6 (v6^, <t>t\a),
a uiyld-watch, ivatchman.
(vv), by night.
vvv, NO\\'.
VV%, VVKTOS, i\, NIGHT J TTJS VVKTOS,
by night. 50.
ou, Xc.nias, a general in the
Greek army of Cyrus the Younger.
1 EV&>, tcD, to entertain as a guest.
tlsviKos, 17, ov, relating to strangers,
mercenary ; &VIKOV, TO (sc. arparfviJia),
a foreign force.
j-e'vos, 6, a guest-friend, guest, host,
stranger, foreigner.
lH ev -4 > *'* v > wi/ros, 6, Xcnophon, an
Athenian, author of the Anabasis.
Je'pT)s, ov, Xerxes, in particular
Xerxes I., son of Darius I.
<TTOS, 77, 6v (fuj, to2)oli$h), smooth,
polished.
|vv-, vy-, for works so beginning
see o~vv- avy-.
o.
6, TJ, r<J, the definite article tJic,
78 ; 6 fj.tv...b o, the onc...tJic of her,
oi /j.tv...oi 8t, these... those, smiic...
o/Ao-.v, 143, 1 ; 6 (r>, oi, at) 5^, c?
or but /i.<- (s/t,', f/iry), 143, 1, N. 2 ;
sometimes equivalent to the posses-
sive pron. his, her, their, 141, N. 2.
|6-8c, fj-8, rd-8c, clem, pron., 83,
w. N. 1, and 148, w. N. 1, this, tlie
following.
toS-rj'yds, 6 (&yu>), a guide.
1 68oi-7rdpos, 6, a wayfarer, fellow-
traveller, guide.
|68o-iroiw, Tycrw, etc., perf. also w.
double augm. todoireTroirjKa, r)/j.ai, to
make a road.
6Sds, 77, a way, road, journey, ex-
pedition. 12. METH-OD.
68ovs, OVTOS, 6, a TOOTH.
to8vpp,ds, 6, wailing.
68vpO|X(Xi, 65vpov/J,ai, wdvpdfji'rjv, 1 08,
4, II., to bewail, lament, wail.
806V, rel. adv., 87, 2, whence,
frwn wlunt source.
olSa
28
oirorepos
olSa, a 2 p. used as a pres., 130,
2, to know. See x^/ ts -
ioiKa-Se, ybr home, tome-ward,
home. 26.
folKTT|s, ov, a domestic, a house-
servant. 50.
', 770-0;, etc., to inherit, occupy,
dwell or live in ; pass, be situated. 23.
toiKia, as, a house, dwelling.
toiK^w, to), to-a, ifffjiai, iffdrjv, to colo-
n izc.
IOIKICTTTJS, oO, a colonist.
1 olKo-8op.j'a>, 770-0;, etc. (5e/j.u, to build),
to build, construct.
toiKOi, at home.
tolKo-vofios, 6 (vefjiui), a steward,
manager, ECONOMIST.
OIKOS, 6, a house, home.
olKTlp<l>, OlKTfpC), $KTeipCL, 108,
4, II. (OI/CTOS, pity], to pity.
oivos, 6, WIXE. 8.
|6|A<Hcos, in the same manner.
f ofAO-Xo-ye'w, 770-0;, etc. (\eyui), to
1 6|J.o-\o-yov|Xva)s, confessedly ; ofi.
K TrdvTwv, by the acknowledgment of
HOMO-.
77, ov, one and the same.
\ ofAocrt, to the same place, to close
quarters.
j 6 jio-Tpdirt^os, ov (rpd-rrt fa, a table),
sitting at the same table: muse, as
noun, table-companion.
| ojio-Tpoiros, ov, of the same habits
or disposition.
^SjJLws, at the same time, nevertheless.
oveiSos, TO, reproach, blame.
JOVTJCTIS, ews, ?';, benefit.
6v(,VT](jLi, ovrjffw, &vr)ffa, wvrjOrjV,
108, 8, to benefit, do one a service.
ovojxa, aros, TO, a NAME. 34. AN-
ol'ojiai, olr}fffj.ai, ^rjdrjv, to think, I ONYMOL'S.
suppose; the first pers. sing. pres. and j jovofid^w, dcrw, etc., to name, call.
iiuperf., generally ol/j.ai and ^rjv. 29. j 6'vos, 6, i], an ass. 9.
otos, a, ov, rel. pron., 87, 1, of 3vv, vxos, 6, a talon, claw,
V'hat sort, what sort of, ichat ; TOL-
ouTos...ofos, such. ..as; otos re, 151,
N. 4, ad tin., able, possible.
ots, otos, nom. and ace. pi. also ols,
6, 77, Lat. ovis, a sheep.
ol'\0|Jiai, Oi'x77(TO/x,at, OLX^KO. or
200, N. 3, to be gone. 51.
cfjijs, e r a, ti, sharp. OXY-GEX.
8-irT] or 8irQ, rel. adv., 87, .2,
where.
OTTio-Gev, behind ; ra 6ir., the rear.
JoTrier0o-<|)vXaKa), 770-0;, to guard the
- | rear.
4oTrio-0o-<j>vXa|, ah'os, 6, one of the
OKV(O, 770-0; (OKVOS, hesitation), to be j rear-guard ; pi. the rear-guard. 25.
apprehensive, to dread, fear.
OKTCO, eight. OCTAVE.
6Xpos, 6, prosperity, happiness.
6Xt0pos, 6 (6\\v/j.i), destruction.
t oXi'y-apxfa, as (di/9%o;), a govern-
ment by a few, OLIGARCHY.
oXfyos, 77, ov, 73, 1, little, pi. few,
a far.
6XcD, wXfo-a, oXwXeKa, 2 p.
, 2 aor. mid. w\6fj.r)v, 108, 5,
to destroy ; mid. to perish ; 2 p. to be
8Xos, 77, ov, WHOLE, all. CATH-
OLIC.
6, Homer.
6jU,oO/xat, co/LLoaa,
i, w/jLoOyv and w/ui.6ff6ifjv,
5, to swear, take an oath.
tofxotos, a, ov, like, similar. Ho-
MOEO-PATHY.
, tcra, ifffj.ai, iff6rjv, to arm ;
mid. to arm ones self.
toirXfrr,?, ou, a, heavy -armed foot-
soldier, HOPLITE. 5.
oirXov, TO, an implement; pi. arms,
armor. 13. PAN-OPLY.
oToOev, rel. adv., 87, 2, whence,
(a source) from, irhich.
8iroi, rel. adv., 87, 2, whither,
wh if her soever.
oiroios, a, ov, rel. pron. , 87, 1, of
whatever kind, whatever, what, (such)
as.
oirdcros, 77, ov, rel. pron., 87, 1,
hoio much, (as mnch) as: pi. 7/o?^
many, (as many) s.
oiroTe, rel. adv., 87, 2, when,
whenever, since.
6iroTpos, a, ov, rel. pron., 87, 1,
whichever, of two persons or things.
Sirov
29
8-rrov, rel. adv., 87, 2, where,
wherever.
oirros, 77, ov (oTrrdo;, to roast, bake),
baked, burnt, as brick.
8iro>S) conj., in order that, that.
ISpacris, eus, 77, sight.
opduo, 6-(f/o/j.ai, ewpa/ca or ebpaica,,
eujpafj-at or fyi/tcu, &<f>dr]v, 2 a. eio'oi',
108, 9, to see. 45. PAN-OUAMA,
OPTICS.
opyfj, 775, anger.
opt'-yw, ^w, ea, up^Q-rjv, to reach
out ; mid. to aspire or s^rm /ter.
'OpeoTTjs, ov, Orestes.
fopOios, a, OP, straight up, steep.
6p6ds, 77, oi', straight, upright, right.
ORTHO-DOX.
|6p9u>s, rightly^ justly.
tfpiov, TO (6'pos, a bound), a boun-
darif.
ttpKos, 6 (ei/ryw, to restrain), an
oath. 7. EX-ORCISM.
topfidci), rjtTd), etc., to sto;r quickly,
rush, rush on : mid. to sc< o?t^.
opfiTj, 77$ (akin to dpwfjLi, to rouse),
move/lie,!/.
topvlOiov, TO, a little bird.
6pvis, t#os, 6, 77, a bird, fowl. 43.
QRNITBO-LOGY.
'OpovTQs, a, Orontas, I. a Persian
pobleman condemned to death by
Cyrus the Younger ; II. a satrap of
Armenia.
Spos, TO, a mountain, chain of hills,
height. 19.
t>prv, vyos, o, a quail.
opx^Ofiat, r)cro/j.a.i, ^(ra^v (8pxo$, a
roir), to dance. ORCHKSTRA.
|6p\T]<rTTJs, ov, a dancer.
8s, i\, 8, rel. pron., 86, who,
which, what, that ; y (sc. 65 5), in
what way, as; Kal 6's, 151, N. 3,
and he.
tf<ros, 77, ov, rel. pron., 87, 1, how
much or great, or simply who, who-
ever, which, whnt, whatever, that;
Totroi)Tos,..0(ros, so much... as, pi. so
many... as; 6'<r<f>...TO<roin-w, 188, 2,
by how much. ..by so much, the... the ;
bcrov, as adv. w. numerals, about.
8<r-irep, ij-irfp, o-ircp, strengthened
form of os, who or which indeed, just
who or which.
8<nrptov, r6, comm. pi. legumes,
pulse.
6o-Tov or contr. OOTOVV, r6, abonr,.
8<r-Tis, 77-Tis, o Tt, rel. pron., 86,
whoever, whichever, whatever, or sim-
ply who, which, what, that ; bff-ris-ovv,
without relative force, any one, one.
8<r<|>pTj<ris, ewj, TJ (6<r<ppaivofjiai, to
smell, scent, fr. 6^w, to smell, have a>
smell), smelling, the sense of smelling.
tSrav (oVe, &v), rel. adv. w. subj.,
whenever, when.
STC, rel. adv., 87, 2, when.
iiri, conj., tJiat, because ; often
strengthening the sup., as 6Yi rax<--
ara, as quickly as possible.
8 TI, 8rov, 8rw, 8ro>v, see 6<TTis.
ov, OVK, ov\, 13, 2, not ; ov /*?;,
in strong denial, 257 ; ov or &p ou
in a question, 282, 2 ; ou 077/u, to
rfeiiy, refuse, say not or TIO.
oil, ol, , third pel's, pron. (see
144, 2, and 79, 1), of him, her, it,
of himself , herself, itself.
lovS-a^os, 77, 6v (d/Mos, an old form
of 6ts), not even one, none.
| ov8-a(i60v, from no quarter.
j o uS-ajidis, in no way.
ov-8e, conj., and not, btit not, nor,
nor yet; as adv., not even, certainly
not; oud...ovd, not even... nor yet.
|ov8-s, ou8e-/j.ia, ovd-tv, 77, 1,
N. 2, not even one, no one, no ; ovdev
as adv., not at all.
4. ovSc-iroTc, not even ever, n-cver.
ovK-fri, no longer, not now.
O#K-OVV, not therefore.
OVK-OVV, interrog., not therefore?
Hence in assertion, w. no neg. force,
therefore, then.
ovv, an infer, post-posit, conj.,
stronger than &pa, therefore, conse-
quently.
, n-ever.
, not yet.
never yet or before.
ovpd, as, the tail.
tovpdvios, a or os, ov, heavenly.
oiipavds, 6, heaven, the heavens.
oi;-T, conj., and not, nor; ovre...
OVT, ncit/icr . . . nor.
OVTOS, avTTj, TOVTO, dein. pron.,
83, and 148, N. 1, this, pi. these.
OVTWS
30
irdpoSos
VTWS, thus, in this way, so, in that
C((SC.
6<{>eXos, TO (60e'XXoj, to further), ad-
vantage.
64>6o\fj.os, 6 (OTT- in oi/'o^ai, see
6/>dw), the eye. OPIITHALMY.
, ea>s, 6, a snake. OPHIDIAN.
, 770-w, aor. mid. tjad^-rjv arid
pass. 70?7i' (GXOS, chariot, fr. e^w),
to carry, bear.
, aros, r6, conveyance.
, > crowd, multitude.
W (ox^/oos, ,/irw, fortified,
fr. ex w )> t fortify.
n.
ira-yts, t'Sos, 77 (ir'^yvvfu\ a snare.
iraBetv, see Trdaxw.
ird9os, TO (7rd<rxw), feeling, passion,
i'l-ireatment. PATHOS.
fircuSeua, as, education, training,
discipline. CYCLO-PAEDIA.
f ircuSevb), 6ti<ra>, etc., to educate. 18.
tiraiSCov, TO, a little child, child. 8.
tiraiSo-Tpipris, oi> (rpl^u>\ a train-
ing-master, teacher.
irats, TraiSos, 6, 77, rr child, boy, girl,
son, daughter. 38. Pr.n-AcoorK.
Traiw, aiffw, atcra, at/at, alffJhp, to
strike, smite, beat. 5.
ira\ai, /wi(7 f/o, formerly.
.j. iraXaios, <i, 61*, oM, ancient. PA-
LAE-()N 7 TO-LOGY.
irdXiv, again, back. PALIM-PSEST.
iraXrov, r6 (TraXXw, to brandish),
a javelin. 38.
tirdjJL-irav (Tras), altogether, entirely.
tTrdji-iroXvs, -7r6XX77, -TroXu, wr?/
, pi. very many.
irdv, neut. of Tras. PAN-ACEA.
lirav-oirXta, as (OTT\OV), a full suit
of armor, PANOPLY.
l-rrav-ovp-yia, as, L-iiftrcry, rillfnnj.
.j.irav-oiip'yos, ov (epyov), read;/ fur
every act, unprincipled, perfidious.
3-
liravraxov, everywhere.
J.irav-T\ws (Traf-reX^s, all-complete,
reXos), completely.
.j.irdvrT] or iravrrj, everywhere.
jiravToSairds, 77, ov, of every kind.
l-ndvToOcv, on all sides.
j-rravToios, a, ov, of all kinds.
jiravu, wholly, altogether, very.
irdofiai (pres. not in use), irdao/jiai,
irfira/j.a.1, eTTaed/mr/is, to acquire ; pf. to
have acquired, to possess.
irapd, prep., alongside of, by, near.
62. PARA-.
irap-aYY 'XA<o, to send word along,
command, bid, to give out a password.
irapd-Sei/YfJ-ci, aTos, TO (Trapa-deiKvv-
fj.t, to show by the side of), an example.
PARADIGM.
n-apdSeuros, 6, a park. 11. PARA-
DISE.
irapa-StSwfxt, to _?Jss along, give or
deliver up or over, surrender.
irapa-Ocivai, see 7rapa-rt#77/.
Trapa-KaXew, to call along or for~
wtird, summon, invite, exhort.
7rapa-K\evo}Aai, to cohort.
irapa-Xciirw, to leave on one side,
omit.
irap-ajieXe'w, to pass by in neglect,
vio/ale.
irapa-irefiirw, to dcspatch t
Trapa-irXTjorios, a or os, ov, similar,
like. 22.
jrapcurdYYnSj Ol ' n PAP.ASANH, a
measure of distance equal to 30 stadia
or about a league. 12.
irapa-(TKvda>, to put things side by
side, make ready, prepare. 41.
Trapa-<rKT]Va>, to encamp near.
irapa-Tt0t]ni, to set near or before.
Trdp-eifii (cijjul), to be by, near, at
hand, or present, to arrive, ; TO. TTO.-
pbvra, present circumstances. 32.
irdp-cifu (elfju), to go or pass along
or by.
irap-eXaijvw, to ride or march along
or by.
irap-e'pxonai, to come or ride along,
to pass along or by.
imp-ex", ^ ('./ford, offer, give, pro-
i-iifi', to cause for a person.
Trap6vos, 77, a virgin, maiden.
PARTHENON.
-Trap-io-TTjiu, to station near; mid.
\v. ]>. and '2 a. act., to stand near or 6?/.
irdp-oSos, 77, 'wayby,2)assagc,2)ass.
irapoifua
31
irap-oijJLia, as (Trdp-ot/xos, by the
wayside, ot/uos, a way), a by -word,
proverb.
Ilappdcrios, 6, a Parrhasian.
Ilapvo-aTis, t5os, 77, Parysatis,
mother of Cyrus the Younger.
JTO.S, Tracra, irav, gen. Travrbs, Tra-
<T7)s, iravros, all, every, the whole,
every kind of, all kinds of; in the
sing. comm. without the art. ; see also
142, 4, N. 1. PAN-THEISM. (The a
of the stem is naturally short, but is
irreg. lengthened in the neut. sing.,
iiom., ace., and voc., and is long by
rule in the masc. sing. nom. and voc.
and in the fern, throughout, 16, 5,
N. 1. In accent, the fern, follows
the analogy of nouns of the First
Dec., and the masc. and neut. that of
monosyllabic nouns of the Third, ex-
cept in the gen. and dat. dual and pi.,
TTO.VTOLV, iravTuv, Tracri, 25, 3, N.)
ird<r)(w, ireiao/j.a.1, 2 p. ir^-rrovda, 2 a.
firaOov, 108, 6, to be affected by
something, to suffer ; eft or /ca/ciDs TT. ,
to receive good or suffer harm, to be
well or ill treated, 165, N. 1. 40.
PASSIVE, PASSION.
iron-Tip, rpos, 6, 57, and 1, a FA-
TIIF.U. PATKRNAL.
jirarpfe, t<5os, 77, one's fatherland.
jirarpuios, a, ov, one's father's, he-
reditary.
Ilavcravias, ov, Pausanias.
iravw, Trauirw, etc., to stop, end;
mid. to stop ones self, cease, desist,
PAUSE. 15.
iraxvs, eta, i/, thick. PACHY-DKUM.
ircSiov, TO (irt8oi>, ground), a plain.
6.
ir s -q, 6v (TTOVS), on foot, ; 7ref6s,
6, a foot-soldier, ol irefoi, the infan-
tri/ ; ireffi, on foot.
f ireiO-apxos, ov (apx w )> obedient.
irtiOw, Tret'crw, etc., w. 2 p. TreTroida,
2 u. tiridov, 108, 2, to persunde, in
]>res. and iinperf. to try to persuade,
urge ; mid. to persuade one's self,
obey, give way to, listen to; 2 p. as
pres., to trust. 44.
ireiva, 77 j, hunger.
lireivdw, 770-0), t]ffa, TJ/ca, 123, N. 2,
to Jtunger, be hungry.
us, e'a>s, 6, 53, 3, N. 3, the
harbor of Peiraeus.
impcuo, d<rw, acra, a/mai, dO-rjv (Tret-
pa, a trial), comm. mid. as dep., to
try, endeavor, undertake, attempt.
15. Pi KATE.
imo-reos, a, ov (jrdOu), to be per-
suaded or obeyed.
iri\a.yo<s, TO, the sea.
tlleXoirov-VTJ trios, a., ov, Pelopon-
ncsian.
IlXoir6v-VT)(ros, 77 (llc\o\f/, vrjcros,
Pclops' Island), the Peloponnesus.
ireXTaerTTJs, ov (TT\T->J, a shield), a
targetcer, PELTAST. 5.
ireir/j./ji.ai, Tre/j.(pdrjv, to send. 1 8.
POMP.
VTOS, 6, poor, a poor man.
as, poverty.
, to toil, live in poverty.
trivrt,fiv<\ PENTA-GON.
jirevre-Kai-ScKa, fifteen.
1 7TVTT|KOVTa, fifty. PENTECOST.
|irVTT]KovTopos, 77, a galley with 50
oars.
7rirafiai, see Trcio^ai.
see weidu.
, see TT/TTTW.
irt'irwv, ov, 66, ripe.
trip, an enclit, ]>article emphasiz-
ing the word to which it is attached,
very, altogether, just.
4.irpa, across, beyond.
|irpatvw, dVw, cu>a, acr^at, 6.vdf]v,
108, 4, II. (ir*>as, an end), to ac-
I'oni/ilish, execute.
jire'pav, across, on the other side.
Tr'p8i, t:os, 6, 77, a PAUTKIDGE.
irepi, ]>rep., around, about; irepi
Travrfa, of the utmost moment ; TTfpl
ir\LffTov, of the greatest importance.
62. PERI-.
to take about.
to over-come.
(etytu), to go about.
to surround. 5.
irepi-i<TTT][u, to set round ; mid. w.
pf. and 2 a. act. to stand round.
Ilpi-K\fjs, fovs, 6, 52, 2, N. 3,
Pericles, I. the celebrated statesman ;
II. his son.
ircpi-\ap.pdv(i>, to embrace.
irpt|icv&>
jTpi-fJtVa), to stay around, wait;
to wait for, await.
ir^pi (TTfpi), round about.
irepi-opd<i>, to over-look, allow.
irepi-iriTTTw, to fall on and embrace.
n-epi-o-Te'XXco, to ivrap up, cloak.
irpi-<rww, to save so that one is
about, save alive.
irft-Ti0T](u, to put around.
tircpiTTCviw, evaw, to outflank.
irepiTTos or -o-o-os, 77, ov, above
measure, superfluous, spare.
IleporTjs, oi, ft Persian.
jIIepariKos, ?!, ov, Persian.
iretreiv, -wv, see TTITTTW.
irerpa, as, ft ?*oc&, mass of rock,
large stone, pi. c?'ftY/.s. 4. PETR-OLE-
UM.
ITTJ or ITT], indef. enclit. adv., 87,
2, w ft?i?/ ?i;ft//.
irtiyfi, 775, ft spring, source, n.
< ir^ i yvv|Jii, Trrj^ii}, <=irr)t;a, 2 p. ireir^-
ya, 2 a. p. 67707771', 108, 2 and 5,
to fix, freeze, build; 2 p. as pres., to I
> greedi-
-rrX^Kw, e'^w, etc., to plait, braid.
32. I'OM-PLEX.
irXeov-elta, as (i
ness, covetousness.
TrXtvpd, as, ft rib of the body, flank
of an army. 35. PLEUKISY.
irXew, ev<ro/j.ai or evaou/Aat, evcra,
eu/ca, evo-fj.a.1, 108, 2, to sail. 46.
irXe'ws, a, wv, Att for irXe'os, a, ov,
full.
irXiryt], ^s (TrXiyTTw), ft &Zo^. 37.
PLAGUE.
tirXiiOos, TO, fulness, a great number,
an amount, length. 21.
irXT|6tt (TrXews), to 6e full. See
d7opd. PLETHORIC.
TrXr|v, iinprop. prep, and conj., ex-
cept. 62.
irXifjpT|S, fs (TrX^ws), full. 24.
! TrX^pow, wcrw, ete. , to fill, man, as
a ship.
^o), dcrw, to approach.
, oi', c. and s.
-atraros, 71, N. 2
be fixed. 48.
, eus, 6, a cubit.
e<rw, eo-a, eo-/xat,
ea, ey/j-cu, ex^ 7 ?
iriKpos, a, ov,
TrX^crw, T/tra, TjA
108, 8, fo/i?/. 45.
flit. TTi'o/iCU, TTfTTUKa,
v, 2 a. l7rioj>, 108, 5,
POTATION.
near), near ; ir\r}fflov, as adv.,
tj<r/j.a.i,
irnrpdcTKa)
irtirpa[j.ai,
tirpa.d-r)v, 108, 6 and 8, to sell. 47.
), 7rc(roOyU,at, TTfTrrw/ca, 2 a.
j>, 108, 8, to/ft^. 40.
IIio-i8T]s, ov, ft Pisidian.
tmo-Tvw, evffu, to trust, believe.
irio-rts, ews, i] (irei6u), trust, con-
fidence.
TTIOTTOS, 77, 6^ (ireWui), trusty, trust-
worthy, faithful ; iriffTa, as noun,
pledges. 25.
jmo-Tws, faithfully.
ir\at<riov, r6, a square.
irXdros, TO (7rXaTi5s, broad), breadth.
firXeOpiaios, a, oi', of the size of a
irXe'Bpov, TO, a plethrum, 100/^c^.
irXciwv or irXc'wv, irXeiorros, see TTO-
Xivs.
.
2 p. TTTT\r)ya, 2 a. p. ir\r)yr]i>, to
strike. APO-I-LEXY.
tirXivOivos, 77, oi/, of brick.
irXCvOos, T/, ft &?-fcA;. PLINTH.
irXoiov, TO (TrXew), ft 6oft^, trans-
port, vessel, n.
irXoos, contr. TrXous, 6 (ir\eu>), a
voyaye, weather for sailing. 9.
firXovorios, a, ov, rich, wealthy.
tirXovrc'w, 7]<ru, to be rich.
irXovTos, 6, ivealth. PLUTUS.
jrve'o), TTj/e^cro/xat and -aov/j.ai, Z-rrvev-
<ra,irtTrvevKO., 108, 2, to 6tow. PNEU-
MATICS.
irvi^cD, t'^w, t^a, t7/xat, 2 a. p. e?n/i'-
7771*, to choke.
iroOev, inter, adv., 87, 2, whence?
iroi, inter, adv., 87, 2, whither?
iroie'w, 770-w, etc., to make, do, ac-
complish, bring about, inflict : ev or
/ca/ccDs TT., to ^?Tft^ w^/i or ill, 165,
N. 1. l8.
jiroiT](jLa, aros, TO, a poem.
|TTOIT]TT|S} OU, ft POET.
iroiKiXos, 77, ov, many-colored.
irotp.T|V, eVos, 6 (?rota and Troa,
a shepfterd.
33
TTOIOS, a, ov, inter, pron., 87, 1,
of what kind, what ?
tiroX^fiew, T/CTOJ, etc., to war, make
or wage tear. 36.
f iroXtjuKos, ~n, ov, warlike, fitted for
war. POLEMICS.
tiroX.|iios, a, ov, hostile, atwaruifh,
the enemy's ; TTO\^LUOS, 6, an enemy in
war, oi TTO\., the enemy : ^ 7roXe/'a
(sc. x&pa), the enemy s country. 11.
iroXtfios, 6, icar. 1 1.
tiroXi-opK<o, 77<rw, etc. (eipyw), to be-
siege, blockade. 10.
jiroXi-opKta, a?, a siege.
iroXis, ews, r), 53, 1, a city, state.
NA-PLES.
firoXiTia, as, arepublic, government.
JiroXiTevw, etfcrw, ei/tra, 617x01, evdrjv,
to be or /fy<? s r citizen.
4.iroXiTT]s, ou, a citizen. 4. POLITICS.
{ iroXXaKis, o/ 1 /e?t, frequently.
"firoXxi-irovos, ov, full of toil.
iroXvs, TToXX??, iro\v, '70, and 73,
1, inncJt., man if, large, vast, long,
great, in great members. POLY-.
jiroXv-TeXTjS, ^s (rAos), costly.
tirovcw, yaw, etc., to toil, be busy.
35-
tirovT^pia, as, baseness.
Jirovrjpos, a, 6^, iar^, evil, vicious,
dangerotm, base, un/)rincij>lcd.
irovos, 6 (irfvojuai), toil, hardship.
tiropcia, as, a journey, march.
iroptvw, fvcrw, ev<ra, Vfuu, c^ffrju
(7r6pos), to make go, convey ; mid. to
go, 'proceed, journey, advance, march.
'i3-
iropOe'w, Tjcrw (irfyOb), to ravage), to
ravage, lay waste, plunder.
t-irop(a>, td>, etc., to provide, bestow
upon, procure, find. 29.
iropos, 6 {irtpa), a way across, pas-
sage ; hence, a resource, means. P< > u K.
irop<j)upos, a, oi/, contr. ous, a, ovv
(iroptyvpa, the purple-fish}, purple.
PORPHYRY.
irdo-os, 77, ov, inter, pron., 87, 1,
how much ?
iroTajios, 6 (TTO-, stem of irivui), a
river. 9.
iroT, encl. indef. adv., 87, 2, at
any time, ever, once; w. an inter.,
in the world, pray.
irorepos, a, ov, inter, pro' 1 ., 87,
1, which of two; irbrepov...-!), wliethcr
...or, 282, 4.
iroi), inter, adv., 87, 2, where ?
irow, encl. indef. adv., 87, 2,
somewhere, anywhere, perhaps.
-TTOVS, 7To56s, 6, a FOOT. 17. TRI-
POD.
irpa-yfia, arcs, TO (Trparrw), a thing
done, deed, affair, undertaking, mat-
ter, thing; pi. affairs, trouble. PRAG-
MATICAL.
irpavT|s, e's, PRONE, steep. 24.
irpd^is, ews, 07 (Trpdrrw), action,
transaction, undertaking. 22. PKA'XIX.
irpdos, 6?a, ov, 70, N., toe.
irpdrrw, ^w, etc., /!o f/o, execute,
PRACTISE ; sometimes to fare, 165,
N. 2. 20. PRACTICAL.
irpaws (Tpaos), lightly.
irpeVcD, ^w, ^a, to ftc conspicuous,
becoming ; often impers., ii is fitting,
proper.
irpc'o-pvs, ewj, 6 (in sing. poet.\
old ; as noun, an ambassador. PRES-
i I5YTER.
tirpiv, adv. or conj., before, sooner
than, until.
irpd, prep., before. 62. PRO-.
irpo-tryopevw, to fore-tell.
rrpo-a-yw, to lead forward.
Trpo-aKrOdvo^xak, to perceive before-
Jiand.
irpo-parov, TO (irpo-fia.ivu, to go
'forth), nsn. pi., cattle, ch.
a), to &TIWW beforehand.
Trpo-8L8wp.i, to give up, betray, de-
sert.
|irpo-8oora, as, treason.
jirpo-SoTT]?, ov, a traitor.
irpo-Spap.wv, .see irpo-rptxu.
irpo-eijAi (ei/nt), to go forward.
irpo-exw, to surpass.
irpo-06a), to rw?i forward or ?^.
tirpo-0vfJiofjLai, ??(ro,uat and ydrjao/jiai,
rjdrjv, to be eager, anxious.
tirpo-6v[Jtia, as, zeal.
, ov, earnest, zealous. 26.
\ irpo-6v|jLo>s, readily, zealously.
7rpo-ir|fjLi, to send forth ; mid. to
surrender, desert, abandon.
TTpOlOrTT]p.l
34
peeo
jrpo-i<rTT][U, to set before ; pf. to be
at the head of.
7rpo-KaTa-\ap,pdva>, to seize before-
Iwnd, prr-occi'/)t/.
n-po-Xe'-yw, to tell beforehand. Pno-
LOGUE.
irpd-voia, as (voos), forethought.
Ilpd-j-evos, ou, Proxenus, a general
in the army of Cyrus the Younger.
irpd-oiSa, to Icnow beforehand.
irpo-opdw, to see in front, perceive,
beforehand.
TTpo-irep/jrw, to send forward.
rrpds, prep-* a t or ty ^ ie front of.
62. PKOS-ODY.
irpoar-d-yw, to advance.
7rpoo--a-yopiiw, to address, name,
call.
irpo<r-po\TJ, 775 (/3dXAw), an attack.
< irpo<r-8)(o(Jiai, to receive.
irpocr-SoKdw, TJCTW (Se'^Oyiccu), to cx-
pcct.
irpocr-0ia>, to accustom.
irp6a--et|jLL (ei>0> t be attendant on.
irpo<r-ei(u (ei/xt), to come to, against
or on, approach, advance.
Trpo<r-\avvw, to march forward or
against.
jrpo<r-p)(OfACH, to come on, approach.
PROS-KLYTE.
irpo<r-evixo(JLai, to pray to.
irpo<r-X&>, to hold to, apply ; rbv
vovv irpoaexfi-v, to direct attention to,
glee heed.
irpoar-TJKw, to be related to; Trpov-
tjKet, iinpers., it becomes.
irpotrOev (irpo), before, previously,
sooner; 6 irp., the 'previous.
7rpo(T-iT](it, to let go to, ad-mit.
irpo<r-Ka\c'w, to summon.
irpo(r-Kvve'a>, 7?crw, etc. (xvveu, to
kiss\ to do obeisance to, salute.
Trpoo--iriirTa), to fall to, befall.
Trpoa--Ti0T]|xi, to add to; mid. to
accede to.
Trpo<r-TpX<i> t run i ( P 1'
Trpo(r-<j)6pw, to bring to or hi.
irpoo--xwp<), to go to, surrender.
irpoerw (717)6), forth, fur from.
irpdrepos, a, ov. 73, 2, befnre, pre-
vious; Trporepov, before, sooner, fur-
mcrl it, prcctoxs?!/.
Trpo-Ti0i][xi, to pul before, offer.
irpo-Tifidw, to honor before or above.
irpo-TpsVw, to turn forward, exhort.
irpo-Tpt'xco, to run forward or before.
irpo-cjxuvw, to show forth ; mid. to
appear in front.
t7rpo-<j>a<ns, ews, i], a pre-tcxt. 21.
irpo-^fAt, to fore-tell.
lirpo-^TiTevft), emu, to PROPHESY.
irpo-^vXa^, aK'oy, 6, an outfjuard,
picket.
irpo-)(wp<), to go forward, prosper,
be favorable.
irpwTos, y, ov, 73,2, first. PKOTO-.
jirpwTo-TOKOs, ov (rkrw), bearing her
first-born.
irTdpvv|iai, 2 a. ^-rrra-pov, 108, 5,
to sneeze.
irTpov, TO (Trero^at, to fly), a icing.
jirrc'pvjj, vyos, TI, a wing, fop.
irTw^ds, 77, 6f (irTwaaci), to crouch),
beggarly, mean; as noun, apoorman.
irvKvds, 77, bv (TTV, ivith clinched
fist), close together.
TTV\T], TJS, a fold of a double gate ;
pi. gate or gates, pass. 25.
irvv0a.vop.ai, 7ret/(ro/u, Kftrva^o.i,
2 a. eirvOowv, 108, 5, to learn by
hearsay, ascertain, inquire. 40.
TTVp, TTVpOS, TO, pi. TTVpd, CJV, 60,
1, FIRE. EM-PYRKAN.
irvpap-is, loos, 77, a PYRAMID.
irvp-yos, 6, a to ire r.
ir-upds, 6, comni. pi., wheat.
irw, encl. indef. ;ulv., yet, up to
this or that time, before.
irwXew, 770-0;, 77^77^, to sell. MONO-
POLY.
irco-TroTe, ever yet or before, ever.
irais, interrog. adv., 87, 2, how?
irws ; encl. iudef. adv., 87, 2, in
any w~ay.
P.
p<, easily.
4pa8i-os, a, ov, 73, 1, easy.
IpaSuus, with ease, easily.
4.pa-0vfj.a), Tjcrcu (pa.-dvfj.os, easy-tem-
pered], to lead a life of ease.
pawv, jbqxTTOs, see padios.
pew, pevao/uiai, epptvaa, epptirjita, 2 a.
p. eppunv, 108, 2, tojloto.
35
prJTWp, opos, 6 (stem pV-, speak, see | <TKd(|>os, TO ((TKOLTTTW, to dig), a hol-
elirov), an orafor. RHETORIC. \lowvcssel, ship, boat.
pi-yow, were*;, wcra, 123, N. 3 (pryos, | (TKeSavvvjAi, crKeSdcru) or
coM)> to be cold.
pia, 77S, roo, s^>??i.
ptirTwand pi-irrw, pti/'w, etc., 108,
3, to throw, hurl, cast, cast aside.
20.
'P68ios, 6, a Rhodian.
p68ov, r6, a rose.
poos, contv. povs, 6 (p^w), a stream,
current.
pwvvvfJLi, Zppuffa, ^pp(j}/j.ai, e
108, 5, to strengthen.
5, fa scatter.
o-Keirao-(i,a, aros, TO
cover, fr. <r/c^rras, a covering), a tent-
cover.
crK
SCEPTIC.
108, 3, see
^w, d<rw, ao~a, aa/j.ai, prop, to
utensils, dress food ; hence, to
prepare.
fa-KtvTJ, 775, equipment, dress.
cTKtvos, r6, a vessel or implement of
any kind ; pi. baggage, things.
|<TKvo-<{>6pos, ov (0^pa>), carrying
baggage ; nuisc. as noun, a baggage-
o-dXiri-yi, 47705, 77, a trumpet. carrier ; neut. as noun, a beast of
f2d|itos, 6, a Samian. burden; ra o-/cei^o06pa, the baggage-
2dp.os, 77, Samos, an island. train, baggage.
~ ' ' t e(l)V) a ' L) Sardis, a city of to-K7]V&), 770-0;, to quarter.
Lydia. O-KTJVTJ, T^S, a tent. 5. SCENE.
<r<xp, o-apfc6s, 77, flesh. ' O-KTJTTTOS, 6 (aK^wrw, to fall, dart),
to-aTpa-rretla), euaw, to rule as satrap, a thunderbolt.
<raTpdirr)s, ov, a SATI:AP. 4. i t<TKT]irTOuxos, 6 (?x w )> a sccptre-
Sdrupos, 6, a Satyr, half man and bearer.
half gout, companion of Bacchus. o-Kfjirrpov, TO (O-^TTTO), to prop), a
' 5, h, clear, plain. staff, SCEPTRE.
^o-a<j>a>s, clearly. criad, as, shadow, shade.
<TKOTTW, (TKC^O/HCLL, ^ffKffjifJ-ai, <TK-
', to look intently, ascertain, to
see to, consider. 29. SCOPE.
, 2 a. ftr/S^, 108,
5, ^o extinguish.
ert-avrov, ?j$, contr. <ravroi), TJS,
80, of thyself or yourself.
t<ri<rji6s, 6, a shaking, earth-quake.
ertfw,
, etc., <o shake.
T;S
, brightness), the
o-|jivos, ?';, 6^ (<r^/3o;u.cu, ^o worship),
hull/, pious.
, ou, Seuthes, a Tliracian
prince.
<TT]|xaiva>, ai'a), ^
108, 4, II. (0-77/xa, *?(
signal, give notice.
o-Tjfictov, r6 (<TTJfj.a, a sign), a sign,
standard. 14.
to-i-yaw, -rjcro/jiai, etc., to fo silent.
cri-yTJ, rjs, silence. 7.
2iK\{a, as, Sicily.
CTITOS, 6, pi. fflra, TO., 60, 2, cor?t,
grain, food. 1 1. PARA-KITE.
jo-Koiros, 6, a scout.
o-KvXov, TO
pi. spoils.
, to flay), comni.
<ros, 0-77, abv, 82, thy, your, yours.
t<ro<J>ia, as, wisdom. PHILO-SOPHY.
to-o<|)t<rTT|S, ov (<yo<pifa, to make
wise), a master of his craft, wise man.
SOPHIST.
t2o(J>o-K\iis, &>vs, 52, 2, N. 3,
Sophocles, the poet.
cro<|>6s, TJ, 6i>, wise.
<nravt5<>> tw (ffTrdvLs, want), to lack.
SirdpTT], 775, Sparta.
|2irapTidTT]s, ou, a Spartan.
cnrdpTOv, TO, a cord.
o"irdw, <T7rci<rw, etc. w. ]. and a. p.
aff/jia.i, dadfjv, 113, N. 1, to draw.
SPASM.
(rireipw, (TTre/xD, HffTreipa, Zffirap/uLai,
2 a. p., cffwdpr)i>, 108, 4, 11., to sow.
(Tirt'vSw
36
<r7r^v8a>,(r7ret(Tw, fffrfiera, TTretoyxc,
(n <t//cr a libation, pour out 'in an
offering ; mid. to m<(kc n treaty.
oircviSa), euffb), fvaa, to hasten, press
on. 35.
crirovSyj, 775 (<T7reVw), a libation;
pi. a treaty, truce. 28.
t o-irovSaio-Xo-yc'w, ?7<7a> (Xo7os), to ew.-
</a<7c m conversation earnestly.
t <nrov8cuos, a, OP, earnest, virtu-
ous.
<rra-, stein of i'trr^/xt, q. v.
joTaSiov, TO, pi. also oi ffrddiot, a
stadium., as a measure of distance
nearly n, furlong.
jo-TaOfjLos, 6, a STATION, stopping -
piace ; hence, a day 's journey, stage.
j<rrdo-is, ews, T?, dissension.
|<TTavpwfi.a, aros, TO (aravpbw, topal-
iaacle, fr. ffTavpos, a stake}, a stockade.
o-Tip, ftrreii/'a, eVrt'/S^ai, 108,
2, to tread, beat down.
(TTtXXfc), (TTfXtD, &TT6lXtt, ^(TraX/ftt,
ffTa.\/j.ai, 2 a. p. eaTaKyv, 108, 4, II.,
to accoutre, send. 42. AI-O-STLE.
(rrqryft), ^o>, ^a, 2 p. laropya, to
lore, of the natural love of parents
and children.
o-Ttpc'o), and orepio-KW, 108, 6,
77<rw, etc., to rob, deprive ; pass. <TT-
poficu, r)ffOfj.ai, rjuai, -r\Qt]v, to be de-
prived of, be without, want. 47.
o-re'pvov, r6, the breast, chest. 35.
o-reppws (aTfppbs, Jinn), resolutely.
o~T(})avos, 6 (ffT^(p(j}, to encircle), ft
TJS (itTT-rj/uii), a pillar.
(TToXas, ados, ij ((rr^XXw), a leath-
ern jerkin.
OT<>XT|, ^s (o-rAXw), a caress, grar-
ment. STOLE.
o-ToXos, 6 ((Tr^XXw), preparation, an
expedition. 37.
o-rdfia, aros, TO, the mouth, van.
t<rrpaTia, as, an c.i-/>t'dition.
t o-Tpa.TV|ia, aTos, TO, prop, troops
in the field, an army, host. 17.
tcTTpartvo), evffii}, etc., to make an
c.rpcdifion, ch. of the comniander ;
mid. to make war, make or take part
in an expedition, of both commander
and soldiers. 31.
t<rrpaT-T]-yo, -rjaw, to lead, com-
unnid. STIIATEOEM.
to-TpaT-T]-y6s, 6 (#70;), a leader of an
ar)ny, general. 6.
to-Tpand, as, an army in the field
or on the march. 13.
J orpaTiwTTjs, ou, a soldier. 4.
t OTTpaTO-ireStvia), evaa, etc., to f?i-
m7^>, but comm. mid. as dep., to f?i-
ca>iip, bivouac. 15.
t o-Tparo-ireSov, TO (iredov, ground),
a camp, encampment,. 28.
o-rparbs, 6, an army encamped or
on the march.
to-Tptirros, 6, a necklace.
o-Tp(j)&), vrptyu, ZtfTpa/jL/uLai, cffrpe-
(f)df]v, 2 a. p. ecrrpd(prjv, to turn, twist,
pervert; mid. to face about. 41.
|crTp\j/-8iKos, ov (dlKrj), perverting
justice.
trrpoveds, 6, i), prop, any bird, ;is
a SfiLirrow, eagle ; also an ostriclt,
when sometimes ^7as is added.
orvyvbs, rj, bv (ffrvytw, to hah),
stern.
<rv, <TOV, second pers. pron., 79,
1, thou, you.
<ru-y--yi-yvo[JLat, to meet.
trwy-'Ypa^a), to compile, draw up.
<rv--y, i. e. <ru 76, you for your part.
(nry-KoXs'a), /o call together.
<rvy-KaTa-<TTp4)a), comm. mid., to
assist in subdn ing.
to be agreed upon ; (is
sc. -^wpiov, to thi' place
agreed upon ; TO. ffvyK(ip.ei>a, the things
agreed upon, agreement.
<nry-xpco, to go with, yield.
<rvX-Xa}j.pdv<i>, to arrest. SYLLA-
BLE.
o-uX-Xe'-yw, to gather together, collect.
| o-vX-Xoyrj, ?}s, a levy.
o-xjfjt-pdXXa), to cast together ; mid.
to contribute. SYMBOL.
to-un-povXcvw, to j^/rni witli, counsel,
advise ; mid. to consult ivith. 28.
, ??s, advice.
, as, a?i alliance. 51.
o-vfjL-[idxo|Aat, to fight along with.
4<rvp.-|jLaxos, 6, >< ^y, auxiliary.
<rufj,-fu-Y vv rU to mingle with, join,
join battle. 48.
<rv(JL-7re'|jnro), to sewe?
37
TOM.
to grapple with. SYMP-
v, very full.
<rup.-irop6iJOfj.ai, to proceed with.
(rufi-irpaTTft), to assist in effecting.
(rvp.-<j>e'pw, to collect, be useful, to
happen.
o-vp.-<f>rfu, to acknowledge,.
<rv|i-<j)opd, as (</i-0^pw), an event,
misha'o, misfortune.
<rvv, prep., with. 62. SYN-.
o-uv-d-yw, to bring together, collect.
o-uv-a0poi, to collect together.
<rvv-axoXov0ea>, to follow closelij,
accompany.
o-w-a.Tr-ip.i (elfju), to depart with.
o-uv-Ssiirvos, o (belirvov), a table-
companion.
o-vv-6L(jLi (ei/*0, to be with ; ol <TW-
6j>res, ones associates.
o-uv-K-pipd, to join in getting
out.
<ruv-Xa,pov, see (rv\-
o-uv-eXeija, see <rv\-\cya}.
<ruv-VT|V 1 YH Lat > see <rv/j,-
o~uv-irofi.at, to accompanij.
o-uv-ep-yos, 6 (Zpyov), a co-worker.
o-uv-pxo|A<H, to come together, con-
vene, go in a body.
o-vv-eo-is, ews, i] (ffvv-iim.i), under-
standing.
t O-UV-CXTJS, ts, holding together, con-
tinuous ; ngut. as adv., unceasingly.
<ruv-X, to constrain.
<rxjv-TiX0ov, see ffw^pxpjuu.'
<ruv-0T)KT], 775 (ffw-Tidrj/j.1), comm.
pi., a treaty, compact.
crvv-6r]|ia, aroj, TO (ffvv-rLdrjp.C), an
agreement, password, watchword. 47.
<ruv-iTjfu, to understand.
o-vv-io-T-qjtt, to set together; mid.
w. p. and 2 a. act. , to assemble. SYS-
TEM.
o-uv-oi8a, to be conscious with or
to.
<rvv-dvTO)V, see adv-ei/mi.
<ruv-ov<ria, as (frui'-cifj.i), a being to-
gether, intercourse.
<ri>v-T<xTTa>, f,o draw up. SYNTAX.
o-uv-TtOTjfu, to put together ; mid.
to make an agreement. SYNTHETIC.
<rvv-TO|ios, ov (re/xj/w), concise, short.
, to crush together.
o-vv-fa)<|>X<i), to join in benefiting ;
<r. ovdfv, to contribute no benefit.
EvpaKoo-ios, 6, a Syracusan.
tSvpta, as, Syria.
' Zvptos. a, ov, Syrian.
2vpos, 6,, a Syrian.
o~u-o-K6vd^a), cornm. mid., to collect
one's baggage, pack up, make ready to
start. .
o-(j>aipa, as, a ball. SPHERE.
fjai, 2 a. p. e<T(()d\riv, 108, 4, II., to
trip up, deceive; mid. to be thrown
down, stumble, meet with a reverse.
46.
o-<|)dTT(o or o-<}>d<>, <r0dw, c<r<aa,
ea(f)ay/ui.ai, tafya.yQ'^v rare, comm. 2 a.
p. <T(f>dvr]v, to slaughter, slay.
cruets, <r<J>io'i, see 06.
f <r<j>6v8ovd<o, 77<rw, to use the sling,
throw with a sling, sling.
o-<|>v86vT], T/S, a sling ; by meton.
the missile. 32.
<T(j)Tpos, a, ov, poss. pron., 82,
their, their own.
o~(f>oSpos, d, 6v, vehement, severe ;
cr065pa, neut. pi. w. cfianged accent,
extremely, greatly, very much.
|<r<|>o8pwS| severely, savagely.
to-xoXd, dtrw, to be at leisure.
SCHOLASTIC.
o-xoXri, 775, leisure ; ffxo^y, at leis-
ure, sloivly. SCHOOL.
o-w^ft), (rwcrw, etc. w. a. p. <rudr)v
(cru)os), to save, preserve, keep safe,
bring in safety, conduct safely ; mid.
to escape. 22.
Uw-KpciTTjs, eos, 6, Socrates.
o-cofxa, aros, r6, the body. 47.
o-wos, a, ov, contr. <rs, <rwv, safe
and sound, safe.
!<roTr|p, wos, voc. ff&rep, 6 (<ru?fa>),
a savior.
|o-wTT]p(a, as, safety, deliverance,
preservation. 35.
!<rTT|pios, ov, promising safety;
(TUTrjpia, sc. iepd, thank-offerings for
safety.
t o-a)-<J>pova), 770- a>, to be wise.
t o--<j>poo-vvT] , T?S, wisdom, discreet-
ness, self-control.
crw-cppwv, ov (crajos, <f>priv), sound-
minded, wise, prudent, discreet. 50.
Td
38
TlfJLWpOS
T.
ra, ra-8, see tide.
rdXavTov, TO, a TALENT, worth 60
IJLVOL or 6000 dpaxfJ-o-i.
rd\as, rdXauta, rd\av, 67,
wretched.
rdvavTia, by crasis for ra evavria.
TOI.S, fwy, 77 (rdrrw), arrangement,
good order, discipline, rank, ranks,
line, battle-array, division, band. 21.
raimvoio, axrw (raireivos, humble},
to humble.
rapaTTw, dw, etc., to disturb, dis-
order, stir up, throw into confusion,
trouble. 20.
Irapaxos, 6, disturbance.
Tapo-oi, ot, Tarsi, a city in Cilicia.
TO.TTW, dw, etc., to arrange, mar-
shal, order, assign. 28.
ravpos, 6, a bull.
Tavra, see euros.
ravrd, ravrdv, by crasis for TO,
CuVd, TO avruv. TAUTO-LOGY.
rd<|)os, 6 (danrTd}), a tomb. EPI-
TAPH.
rd<{>pos, 7) (Q6.TTTW), a ditch, trench.
tTa\ft>s, quickly, rapidly, suddenly ;
u>s Tdx<-O"ra, as quickly as possible.
Taxvs, eFa, 6, 73, 1, swift, quick ;
TO.XV as adv., see raxfwj ; r~qv raxi-
<m\v, sc. 656v, the quickest icay, adv.
raws, 6, a pea-cock.
re, post-posit, end. conj., and; rt
...re or T...KOU, both... and.
Te-ye'a, as, Tegea, a city in Arcadia.
j Tc-yedTTjs, ov, a man of Tegea.
reOvdvai, see 6vf)<TKu.
T0p-iirirov, r6 (r^rra/Jes, tTTTros), a
four-horse chariot. 26.
reivw, TfvCs, %Tiva, T^ra/co, r^ra/j-ai,
trd0r)v, 108, 4, II., to stretch. 42.
TONE, TONIC.
TCI^OS, TO, a wall for defence, fort-
ress, fort. 19.
tTK|iaipO|xai, TeKfjiapoufji.ai, TK/j,r)-
pdfj.7)v, 108, 4, II., to judge, con-
clude.
, indecl., TO, s?wc sz'r/7i.
O, a sure sign, positive
proof. 38.
T/KVOV, T6 (TLKTCO), a child.
T\0w, to ar/.se, come forth.
t TeXevratos, a, ov, final, rearmost ;
oi TeX. , ^/?e rear.
tT\VT<xw, 770- w, etc., to end, finish
life, die. 10.
, TeXeVw or TeXcD, ccra, e/fa,
<r/j.a.i, ead-rjv, to finish, fulfil an obli-
gation, pay. 32.
T\os, TO (Te'XXw, to accomplish^),
end, accomplishment, tax, burden ; pi.
by ineton., magistrates. 19.
, 2 a. ere^ov and frafj-ov,^ 108,
'5, to ci<^. 44. A-TOM.
Ttpirw, rep^/(a, ^rep^/a, Tfp(f)6-r]v, to
delight.
|Tp\j/i-voos, oy, gladdening the heart.
treTapTos, i), ov, fourth.
tTTp-aKo<riot, at, a (e/caTov), four
hundred.
TTraps, apa, 77, I, four. TETR-
ARCH.
see Ti;7x" I/a '-
, 775 (TIKTU), art, skill, trade.
TECHNICAL.
JTXVITT]S, ou, an artificer, work-
man.
2 p. TerrjKa, 2 a. p. crdKrjv, 108, 2,
to ?;?^ ; 2 p. to ic melted.
TTrjp.pov (T-, a demon, pron. prefix,
and i)/j.pa), to-day. 22. %
Ti-ypT]S, ->?TOS, 6, the Tigris.
Tt9r|fJLi, 6r)ffw, edrjKa, redetKa, TfOet-
fjuai, eredrjv, 108, 8, to 7>^, place,
enact ; Tifle^ucu Ta oTrXa, either to stack
arms, or to sto?td under arms, or to
surrender. THESIS.
, r^o/j.ai, tTe^a, fT^xOyv, 2 ]>.
, 2 a. ere/toy, 108, 8, to frcgre*,
6rt'?ir/ forth, produce.
TiXXw, TtXcD, eriXa, T^TtX/xat, fT/X-
0T7z>, 108, 4, II., to pluck, torment.
trip-dw, r)(rw, etc., to honor. 18.
Ti|iir|, ?5s (T/W, to pay honor), honor.
, a, ov, in honor.
(rw, etc., to help, avenge;
in id. toe vengeance on, punish ; pass.
to ic' punished. 48.
jTtn-wpta, as, punishment.
|Ti|x-wpos, oi* (ai'/sw), upholding hon-
or, helping,
TIS, rC, inter, pron., 84, who?
which ? what ? ri, as adv. ,' why ?
rls, rl, indef. pron., 84, some,
any, a certain ; TIS, as noun, some or
??/ one ; rl, as noun, something, as
adv., a Z.
Twr<ra4>pVT]s, eos, ace. 77? and 77, 6,
Tissaphernes, a Persian satrap.
TiTpw<TKti>, rpciaw, erpoxra, rtrpw-
fj.at, Tpu6r)v, 108, 6 and 8, to wound.
44-
roC, post-posit, encl. particle, tn
frv/,/?, indeed, surely.
| Toi-vvv, post-posit, conj., therefore.
roido-Se, d5e, 6i>5e, demon, pron.,
87, 1, such, as follows.
TOIOVTOS, avT-r), ovrov or ouro,
demon, pron., 87, 1, such, as pre-
cedes.
ToXfidw, r}<r<>) (r6\fj.a, boldness), to
venture.
ToXfjLiSrjs, ov, Tolmides.
|Toeu[jia., arcs, TO, ?i arrow.
trofevw, ewrw, ewa, eu/xai, to s7i0o
with a bow, shoot. 7.
tToiKT|, 775, sc. rex^n, boivmanship.
TOOV, TO, a bow. 13.
ov, a bowman, archer.
TOTTOS, 6, a place, region, district.
To I' 1C.
TO<TOVTOS, OUTT/, oToi' or OVTO, j
demon, pron., 87, 1, so much, great,
or large, pi. so many ; TO<TOVTOV, so
much -space; TOO-CUT^, 188, 2, 6y so
much, the.
TOTC, < that time, then ; TOT [*.&,..
TOT dt, at one time... at another.
TOV-, by crasis for T6 ^- or rb 6-.
rpavfia, OTOS, TO (TtTpuxrKw), a
wound. 49.
Tpa<j>fjvai, see rptyw.
Tpx\TiXos, 6, ^c ??cc^, throat.
rpjts, Tpt'a, 77, 1, THREE.
Tpe'irw, rptyw, erpe^a, r^rpO(f>a, rt-
rpafj.fj.at, Tpe<t>0r)i>, 2 a. mid. erpairo-
fji-rjv, to turn ; mid. betake one's self,
sometimes put to flight ; eis
Tpeirw, to ^it to flight. 40.
Bpafj.fj.ai, ^6pe(f)drjv rare, 2 a. p. trpd-
(frrjv, to bring up, support, keep ; mid.
to subsist.
tSpa-
/nov, 108, 9, to run. 42. TROCHEE.
rpiaKovra (rpels), thirty.
TpiaKoo-ioi, at, a (rpeis, tKarov),
three hundred.
trpipTj, T}S, a rubbing, constant prac*
tice.
Tpp<>, T/oi'i/'w, etc., w. also 2 a. p.
Tpi/3r)v, to rub, thrash, as corn.
trpi-'/ipTis, eos, ij, 52, 2 (dp- in
apaplffKw, to join}, a trireme, a ship.
tTpiv-aKpta, as, Trinacria, another
name for the island of Sicily.
rpis, three times, thrice.
jTpi<r-do-}Xvos, three times as glad.
JTpKr-xiXioi, at, a, three thousand.
Tpiros, f], ov (Tpeis), third.
Tpota, as, Troy.
tTpoiratov, TO, a TROPHY.
rpoTTTJ, rjs (rptiruf), defeat, rout.
Tpdiros, 6 (TP^TTW), a turn, man-
ner ; disposition, character, habit. 38.
TROPE.
rpo<|>TJ, TJS (rptyui), food, support.
rpdxos, 6 (rptxu), u wheel.
Tpu<|>TJ, rjs (dpviTTw, to break in
pieces}, luxury.
TpwiKos, 17, 6i> (Tpcis, Tros, the
founder of Troy), Trojan.
nryxcLVw, rev^Ofj,aL, TeTt/x 7 7' k ' a , 2 a.
ervxov, 108, 5, to hit, obtain, receive,
happen, chance. 39.
Tvpavvos, 6, a TYRANT.
rvpos, 6, a cheese.
Tvpous, tos, rj, a TOWER.
Tv<|>Xda), waw (TV<P\O<>, blind), to
make blind, blind.
^X 1 !* 7 ? s ( Ty 7X aJ/aj )> fortune, luck,
lot.
Y.
, tw, etc., to insult.
i)|3pis, ews, 17, insolence.
jvppio-TOTaTOS, vy, o^, s. as if fr.
u/3ptcrTos, most insolent.
vSwp, i'SaTos, TO (iJco, to rain), water.
vuds, 6, re., but also w. forms as
if fr. vlevs, vieos, a son. 8.
v\r\, 775, a ivood.
, fcr<rct or ft?, ev, woody.
-wv, -iv, -as, see o-y.
40
, a, ov, poss. pron., 82,
your, yours.
tnr-dpx<>, to begin at, the foundation,
commence, support, favor, belong, be.
vir-cifu (et/), to be underneath.
virp, prep., over, above. 62.
virep-pdXAtt, to throw over; mid.
to I'.rcced,
v7Tp-X w > to fo above, surpass.
virp-4>pwv, oj> (<f>pr)v), high-minded.
xnrrjpeTea), 7?(rw (vTrrjpeTijs, an under -
Una), to be a servant, serve, furnish.
vir-i<rxvO|iai, inrotrxfrofttu, viri-
ff-)^T]p.a.L, 2 a. in. vire^xofJ.^, 108, 5
(x w ) ^ ^^ owe's sc// under, to
promise.
virvos, 6, sleep.
viro, prep., under. 62. HYPO-.
vu-o-^v-yiov, TO ($vybv, a YOKE), a
beast of burden.
viro-Xafipdva), to take under one's
protection ; to assume,' suppose.
viro-Xciirci>, to leave behind.
tnro-XiJW, to loosen bclcnv ; mid. to
untie one's shoes.
vjro-[iva>, to be patient under, en-
dure.
trrr-oirrcv'w, evffw, 105, 1, N. 2
(I'TT-OTTTOS, 8U9picioU8, v<f>-opdii), to sus-
pi-rf), to suspect, apprehend, be apprc-
vir6-<nrov8os, ov ((nrovSrj), under a
truce.
viro-xetpios, ov (^flp), subject to.
VIT-OXOS, ov (ex w ) subject to.
vir-otj/ia, as (i/0-opdw, to suspect),
suspicion, apprehension. 15.
tvcrrepaios, a, ov, following, next ;
TT) vaTtpalq., on the next day.
uo-repos, a, ov (uir6, 73, 2), later;
vcTTfpov, subsequently.
v<j>-iT]fii, to send under ; mid. yield.
v<j)-io-TT]|jii, to put. under ; mid. w.
p. and 2 a. act., to undertake.
i)\J/os, TO (akin to Ci/a, o?i high),
height. 19.
<*>.
<}>aiTiv, see (prj/mi.
<|>aivci>, (f>avG), (f)tj^a, Tre<payKa, ire-
<f>acr/j.a.i, (f)dv0rjv, 2 p. ir(<pr)va intr.,
2 a. p. tydvrjv, 108, 4, 11., to shoiv ;
mid. to show one's self, appear, be seen.
42. PHKNOMKNON.
4>d\a-yi, 07705, 7), a line of battle,
phalanx ; Kara (pdXayya, in line of
buttle. 1(6.
<|>avepos, a, 61* (<f>aivu>), apparent,
in sight, visible, manifest, plain, con-
spicuous. 25.
<f>aptiaKov, TO, a medicine. PHAR-
MACY.
<j>do-Kw, 108/6 (07/^i), to say,
state, allege.
<f>avXos, 77, ov, trifling, bad.
4>f'pw, otffa;, TJveyKa, fvrjvoxa, (vr/ve-
y/j.a.1., fyfxOflv, 2 a. ijveyKov, 108, 9,
/o UKAI;, carry, endure, produce, bring.
45. PKHI-PHKUY.
<j>eii, interj., alas!
(jxv-yu), (pfv^o/mai or (f>fi>S;ovfj.ai, 2 p.
7re'0ei>7a, 2 a. t^ir/o^, 108, 2, to/c,
retreat, flee from, shun, avoid, be ban-
ished. 39.
4<}>v-y<)v, oiros, 6, a FUGITIVE, exile;
pt. of foregoing ; for the voc. sing.,
see 48, 2, (b), second paragraph.
<f>T!fJu, $770- w, i07?cra, 129, IV., to
say, (iffinu, say yes ; ov <j>r}fJi.i, to de-
cline, refuse, de,ii/.
<|>6dv(>, <f>6d<Tiij and 00r?cro^uat, ?0^a-
o-a, i<t>6a.Ka, 2 a. act. tV^^, 108, 5,
to anticipate ; often to be translated
by an adv., before, sooner, previously,
"279, 2.
<j>0apTos, TI, bv (<f>6eip(ij, to destroy),
destructible.
<j>0e'YY| Aai 00<:'7s A'ou,etc. jo sound,
raise a cry, shout. Dl-PHTHONO.
t<j>06vw, 770-10, 7?o-a, 77^771', to envy.
(|>66vos, 6, envy.
<j)idXT], 775, a broad, shallow bowL
4>LXaiTpos, a comparative of 0i'Xos,
71, N. 2.
<|>iX-dp-yvpos, ov (0t'Aos, tipyvpos),
fond of money.
<{>iXca), 77<rw, etc. (0iXos), to love,
prop, of the love of friends; 18.
{{nXia, as (0i'\os), friendship.
<j>iXios, a, ov (0t'Xs), friendly.
(juX-nrTros, ov (<pi\os, tTTTros), fond
of home*.
'|4>iX-Mnros, 6, Philip. PHILIPPIC.
<|>tX6-0T]pos, ov (0i'Xos, 077/oa, hunt-
ing, fr. 0rjp), fond of hunting.
<f>lXo-Kp8TJS,
greedy of gain.
<J>l\OK6p8TJS
(0t'Xos,
41
fond of danger.
<j>i\o-(xa6rjs, e's (0i'Xoy,
fond of learning.
d>i\ofj.T|\a, as, the nightingale.
cjn'Xos, -n, ov, 73, 1, loved, be-
loved, dear,- actively ivcll -disposed ;
0c'Xos, 6, a friend, n. PHIL-, PHILO-.
f^HXo-o-ocjna, a?, the love of wisdom,
philosophy.
|<j>u\6-cro(J>os, ov, fond of wisdom ;
muse, as noun, a PHILOSOPHER.
|<|>iXo-Ti}j.os, ov (7-^77), honor-loving.
<j>\\|r, (pXeflos, ij, a vein.
t<j>Xvape'co, 7?<rw, to talk nonsense.
t<j>Xvapia, 0.9, silly talk, p\. fooleries,
nonsense. 49.
cpXvapos, 6 (0X(5a>, to bubble), bab-
bling.
t<J>o|3pos, a, ov, fearful, terrible,
alarming. 30.
f<j>o|3ca>, TjVw, 77<ra, ^ai, T^y, to
frighten; mid. as dep., w. a. p., <o
fear, dread. 26.
<f)dpos, 6 ((f>{[3orji.a.i, to flee affrighted),
fear, fright. 46.
tfxnviKeos, a, OP, contr. 4 >otvlK ^s,
77, ow, purple.
^OIVL^, i/coj, 6, a Phoenician ; as
common noun, 4><uvi, // te palm-tree.
<j>ovcvo) (0>os, murder, fr. an obs.
etc., <o fe/^.
PHKASB.
<f>prjv, 0pei/js, 77, prop. ^<e f?t>-
phragm ; also, connn. pi., //te mind,
heart.
|<j>povo), 770-0?, 770-0, 77/ca, to Ihink ;
/j-eya (f>. , to be haughty-minded ; KOL-
KU>S (p., to be evil-minded.
!<j>povr]cn.s, ews, 77, wisdom, prudence.
t<j>povTCa>, tw, io-a, i/ca, <o take
thongJit for, be anxious.
4<|>povTls, i'5os, 77, thought.
I <j>poup-apxos, 6 (apxu), the com-
mandant of a garrison. 27.
<j>povpos, 6 (Trpo-opdw), a garrison-
soldier.
t4pvya, a?, Phrygia.
, a, ov. Phrygian.
vybs, 6, a Phri/gian.
Xupts
?, 6 (0ei;7w), an exile,
4>vyas,
FUGITIVE. 17.
<jnryT), Js (favyw), flight.
ttj>vXaKT|, 775, prop. guarding;
hence a guard, garrison, in the col-
lective sense.
t<|>vX.a, a/cos, 6, 77, a guard, watcher,
used of the individual. 1 6.
<j>vXo,TTO), dijw, etc. , to guard, keep
guard ; mid. to guard ones self
against, take care. 34.
t4>v<rio-X6-yos, ov, inquiring into
nature. PHYSIOLOGY.
t<j>u<r(.s, ewJ, 77, nature.
t<j>VTov, TO, a plant.
<j>vo), <f>v(ru, tyixra, ire<j>vKa, 2 a.
w, 2 a. p . (f)i/r]i', to produce ; p.
and 2 a., to fe.
<}>WVTJ, 775, sound, tlie voice, speech,
language. 10. PHONETIC.
6,
X.
and /f^ap,uat, 2 a. p.
108, 4, II. to rejoice.
XaXSatoi, oZ, ^Ac Chaldaerins.
txaXtiraivw, afw, 77^a, o.vQt]v, 108,
4, II., to Ac angry.
XaXgTros, ^, <4", Aarrf, difficult,
grievous, severe, harsh, bitter, angry,
cross, cruel. 32.
grievously, severely, ex-
ceedingly.
Xa\ivds, 6, a bridle.
txa-XKOs, a, ov, contr. XO^KOVS, T},
ovv, of bronze, bronze.
XO.XKOS, 6, bronze.
4X<*^ KW F ta > O-TOS, TO, a bronze utensil.
43-
XdXos, 6, the river Chalus.
XdXuvj/, w/Sos, 6, a Chalybian.
CHALYBEATE.
XOipdSpa, as (xapdrrw, to cut), a
evaa, ev, 67, 2, graceful,
pfenning, clever.
pleasingly.
to ^/ xcu ' to gratify, oblige,
indulge.
, iros, TJ (xat>w), grace, favor,
42
WVfc
tcp-cu
gratitude ; x&P LV '5a, to be grateful ;
X&pw ^X w ? to fed gratitude. 17. EU-
CHARIST.
Xip.wv, GJVOS, 6, winter, storm.
Xp, x e 'P s i 8 en - ail( l ( ^ a ^- dual
Xe/oou>, dat. pi. X P a '-> %> the hand.
37-
4Xip-<ro<J>os, 6, Chirisophns, a
Spartan general in the army of Cyrus
the Younger.
4X t P-' ir X 1 10'ns, ts (Tr\7)dw), filling
the hand.
4 X-po-Tov ft>, Tjtru) (relvw), to hold up
the hand, elect.
4x l po ft) uxrw, but comm. mid. as
dep., x ei poH- ai UXTO^UCU, etc., to get
in hand, subdue.
Xtlpwv, ov, inferior, c. of /ca/c6s.
Xppd-vT]<ros, 77, the Thracian Chcr-
sonesus.
X^'s, yesterday.
at, a, a thousand.
6, fodder ; ^rjpbs %., dried
grass, ha,y.
Xi|J.cupa,as, a she-goat: the CHIMERA.
\iT(jv, uwos, 6, a tunic.
wv, OJ/QS, 17, snow. 50.
, ov, a choral dancer.
aj, etc., to dance.
t xopo-8i8d<TKaXos, 6, a chorus-mas-
ter.
Xopds, 6, either a circular dance,
or a band of dancers, CHORUS.
Xopros, 6, fodder, grass.
Xpa.op.cu, Tjcro/aat, etc., 123, N. 2,
to use, employ, make use of, have the
service of. 26.
\pr\, impers., xp7?<rft, imperf. tXPW
or XP?) V , it is necessary, one must,
should, ought.
XP!il w > il ff(a > y ffa > t want, unsh,
desire.
XpfjfJta, arcs, r6 (xpdo,aat), a thing
used, comm. pi., things, goods, posses-
sions, means, property, wealth, money.
27.
Xpijvai, see XPV-
XpiVip.os, fj, ov (xpd-0/ui.a.i}, useful,
XP T ) crTl IP lov > T (XP&u, to give on
oracle), tlu 1 scat of an iinn-le, />n oracle.
XpTicrrds. 77, ov (xpa.ofj.ai), useful,
worthy, good.
Xpdvos, 6, time. 31. CHRONIC.
I/ > contr.
ouv, of gold, gold.
txp v "iov, ro, a piece of gold, gold,
golden. 6.
ds, o, gold. CHRYSO-LYTE.
, ov, with gold-stud-
ded bridle.
\<a\6<s, rj, ov, lame.
as > a country. 3.
r,at>) or 'rjao/j.ai, etc., to give
place, move on, go.
hold. 9.
TO, a confined place, strong-
txpfe, opart, apart from.
6, room, space, place.
6, the river Fsarus.
xj/e'-yw, ^e^w, e^e^a, ^ey/j,ai, to
blame.
\iov, TO, a bracelet. 9.
, false. 24.
, to deceive; mid. to lie. 31.
P.SKUD-ONYME.
ou, a liar.
iw, etc. (i/^0os, a pebble,
fr. \f/dw, to rub), comm. mid. as dep.,
to vote, decree, resolve, decide.
4. x}/T^to-p.a, OTOJ, TO, a decree.
\j/iXds, ~n, ov, bare. E-1'SILON.
t|/6<f>os, 6, a noise.
4^X11, W ('/'I'*", to breathe), soul,
life. PSYCHO-LOGY.
x|/vxos, TO (^i>xa>, to blow), cold.
4\j/vxpds, a, ov, cold.
w, interjection, 0.
wSt (65e), thus, as follows.
coSt]; 775 (adtjj), a song. ODE.
aTo, aT]0T]v, see OLO/J.CH.
a>6t'a>, wffd}, ^W(ra, eaxr/zai,
108, 7, to push. 44.
<ov, ])t. of ei/i'-
u>VOp.ai, cii'Tjcro/xat, cuvy/mai,
drjv, \\. a 2 a. mid. eTrpia.fji.Tjv from a
stem irpt.a.- which has no present
, price), to buy, 'purchase.
wvios
43
wvtos, a, ov (&vos, price), to be
bought ; ra &via, wares.
atpa, as, proper time, time, HOUR,
w. eari often omitted. HOROSCOPE.
a>S, proclitic, I. as a rel. adv., as,
used 1. in elliptical expressions, as
ws ^TTOS eiirtlv, so to speak, 268 ;
2. with participles, 277, N. 2 ;
3. as a preposition, to, see 62 ; 4. to
strengthen a superlative, as ws rdxt-
0Ta, as quickly as possible. II. ws
is used as a conj., 1. expressing a
fact like on, that ; 2. in a final clause
like IVa, in order iliat ; 3. w. the inf.
to express result like wore, so that,
266, N. 1 ; in a causal clause, since,
or a temporal clause, when, or in the
sense of OTTWS, hoiv. 111. ws w. nu-
merals has the meaning of about.
.1. w<r-irep, rel. adv., just as.
4wor-T,conj. expressing result, 1. w.
the inf., so as, 266, 1 ; 2. w. the
indie., so that, consequently, where-
fore, 237.
O>T, in the phrase e0' fyre, on con-
dition that, for the purpose of, 267.
WTIS, J5os, }], a bustard.
cot|>eX.e'w, 7?(rw, etc. ($0e\os), to bene-
fit, aid, help. 36 .
|(d<j>e\T])ia, a-ros, r6, a?i advantage,
good.
\ |(o<j>\ip.os, 17 or os, ov, serviceable.
II. ENGLISH-GREEK VOCABULARY.
IN general, for fuller information in regard to the Greek words here given, consult the
foregoing Vocabulary. In case of synonymes, when the difference of use is not here
pointed out, t\\e first or etymological meaning of the Greek words should be determined
from the preceding Vocabulary, and so the proper word selected. Occasionally the
words are interchangeable. On this point, see the Preface.
Abandon
Authority
Abandon, Xeirru.
All, TTOJ ; on sides,
Approve, eTratvtw.
Abla, be , 5w/xi.
irdvrodev.
Archer, ro^or^.
Abolish, \v(ji}.
Allow, irepiopdu).
Arise, dvt(rra/uat.
About, d/JL<j>i or Trept ;
Ally, GV[j.[J.a~x_os.
Arm, oTrXtfw ; arms, ar-
be , /j.e\\u.
Alone, IJ.OVQS.
mor, oVXa.
Above, virtp.
Abundance, dfydovla.
Along, Trapd.
Already, 77577.
Army, (rrparos, arpand,
or <TTpdTev/u.a.
Accomplish, eTrtreXe'w,
Also, /cat.
Arouse, a-vlari)^.
irepaivu, or Troie'w, the
Always, det.
Arrangement, rdts.
last in the sense of
Among, ev or Trapd.
Arrest, <7v\\afj.j3di>(i}.
simply to do.
And, /cat, the reg. and
Arrive, a<f>iKveofuu.
Accord,' of one's oivn ,
stronger word, but
Arrow, r6eujua.
KWV.
sometimes 3e; then,
Artaxerxes, 'Apra^ep-
According, to', Kara.
Accordingly, 77 or oiV.
elra 5e ; yet, /J.CVTOI.
Anger, OPYT?.
^775.
As, cjs ; (as much) ,
Account, on of, did.
eAngry, be , x a ^ iraiva}.
OTTOCTOS.
Accuser, Karriyopos.
Animal, drjpiov, a wild
Ascertain, irwddvou.^.
Acknowledge, 6/xoXo-
animal ; $$ov, a living
Ask, epwrdw, to inquire
7e'u>.
being.
or question ; ftyrew, to
Action, epyov.
Announce, dyytXXw or
ask for, ask to see, seek ;
Admiration, icorthy of
dTra77e'XXw.
aireu, to ask some one
, d^odavfjLaffTos.
Another, ciXXos; one
for something.
Admire, dav^dfe.
dXXT^Xwj'.
Ass, 6Vos.
Adorn, icooytf'w.
Answer, or give ,
Assemble, ddpolfa.
Advantage, dyadov.
diroKpivoiia.!..
Assembly, e/c/cXTjo-ta.
Affair, TrpdytM.
Ant, fj.vp/j.T}^.
At, ev, et's, or 67rt.
Affirm, <pr)/j.i.
Anxious, be , <f>porri-
Athenian, ' A0t]i>cuos.
Afford, Trapexw.
fa.
Athens, 'A^^at ; to ,
Again, TrdXtj'.
Any, ris ; one or
'AflT/j/afc.
Against, fwL or -n-pos.
body, ris.
Athlete, d0\r)Tr}s.
Age, old , yrjpas ; free
Apparent, 0avep6s.
Attack, eiriTidefj.ai ; -
from old , dyfipws.
Appear, (paivo/Mii.
or make the , ^wet,p.L.
Agree, onoXoyew ; be
Appoint, Kadia-TTjfjii.
Attempt, eTTtxetpew or
agreed upon, (ruyKei-
Apprehension. viro^/La.
Tretpdoyaat.
fj.ai.
Apprehensive, be ,
Attention, give to,
Aid, f3or)6eia ; ci^eX^w ;
VVOOfJLO.L.
TTl/Ui\0/J.ai.
trffh the of, avv.
Approach, ir^vidfa or
Authority, royal , |8a-
Aim, at, e^if/xat.
TTpjceifu. o-iXeta.
Await
45
Child
Await, fj-evw, in the gen-
Bid, /ceXeuw.
eral sense ; Sexo/J-ac,
Bind, 5e'w.
the attack of an enemy.
Axe, dtV?7.
Bird, 6p//ts.
Black, /zeXas.
Blame, ne/j.(pofj.ai.
Blessed, p-dKap.
Blind, or make ,
Bad, KO.KOS, in the general
TV<p\OW.
sense ; Trovrjpos, in the
Blow, TrXrjyri.
sense of hurtful, dan-
Boat, TrXotoj/.
gerous, innately bad.
Body, o-w/xa.
Banish, e K pd\Xu.
Bone, offTfov.
Barbarian, (3dp[3apos or
Book, pipXiov.
/3ap/3apt/c6s.
Both, fi/x0w ; oTi sides,
Basket, xdveov.
d/j.(poTepwdev ;
Bathe, Xoi/o/u.
and, Kai ... /cat, or rt
Battle, p.dx-n.
... Kai.
Be, et/xi ; at hand, ird-
Bow, rb^ov.
pei/M.
Bowl, /cpar^p.
Bear, <^pw.
Bowman, TO^UTTJS.
Beast, wild , dtjpiov ;
Boy, Tratj.
- of burden, vwofu-
Brave, a7a06s.
yiov.
Bravely, dvdpeius.
Beat, Tratw.
Brazen, xdX/ceos.
Beautiful, /caXos.
Breadth, efpos.
Because, on.
Break, Xi)w.
Become, yiyvo/mai.
Breakfast, without ,
Befit, TrpeTrw ; it is befit-
aVdpioTos.
ting, irptirei.
Breast, naarbi.
Before, irpb ; irpbvdev
Breastplate, dupat;.
or irpbrepov ; irpiv.
Brick, ir\iv6Lvos, adjec.
Beg, off, f^aireo/j-at.
Bridge, yt<pvpa.
Beget, T//CTCJ.
Bring, a.yw, prop, to
Begin, &pxo/Ji.ai.
lead, conduct, while
Beginning, dpx~n-
Behavior, good , eu-
0e'po> signifies to bear,
carry ; about, TTO^W;
K0ff/j.ia.
back word, diray-
Behind, leave , Kara-
yeXXdi ; in safety,
XctTTW.
(Tufa; together, avv-
Believe, vopifa.
dyw.
Benefactor, (vepytrys.
Broad, ftp fa.
Benefit, ci^eX^w.
Brother, ct5cX06j.
Beseech, u-ereiyw.
Build, e7roi/co5oyu.^o>.
Beside, ?rapd.
Bull, raOpos.
Besides, Trpos.
Burn, /catw ; up, KOL~
Besiege, iroKiopK^w.
ra/caiw.
Bestow, upon, iropifa.
Burst, -- through or
Betake, one's self,
open, KCLTaaxi-fa'
rpeTTOywat.
Bustard, cirts.
Betray, 7rpo5t5a/>ti.
But, 5^ or a'XXd, the lat-
Better, see Good.
ter being the stronger
Between, fj-era^v.
word ; also, a'XXu
Beware, ev\a.piopjai.
cat
Buy, wt'cu/Aut.
By, virb, with gen. of
the agent ; - - land
and sea, /card yrjv /cat
/card,
c.
Call, comm. AraX^w, in
the sense both of sum-
moning and naming ;
sometimes X^yw, but
in the sense only of
naming; out,podw;
together, <Tvyi<a\fw
an assembly, CKK\TJ-
Camp, (7T
Captain,
Captive, at'
Capture, Xa/jifidvu ; be
captured, dXi'crKOjuai.
Care, for, fTrt/meXto-
fj.cu.
Carry, 0^pw, in the gen-
eral sense, while &yu
signifies to convey by
carriage ; - ba<ck
word, dirayyt\\u ;
over, diapifBdfa.
Case, in that , OI/'TWS.
Cast, or aside, piir -
T(t) Or ptTTT^W.
Cattle, /SoOs or KTTJVOS,
both in plur., the
former the general
word, the latter prop-
erty in cattle.
Cause, atria.
Cavalry, IT-IT IKOS, adjec.
Cease, iravofj.ai.
Celaenae, KeXatra/.
Certain, a , rls.
Chalus, XdXos.
Chance, rvyxdvw.
Change, /J.eTariOr]fji,i.
Charge, t'e^at.
Chariot, ctp/xa ; four-
horse ,
Chase,
Chastise,
Child, commonly -rats,
Choose
46
Destroy
but sometimes rtnvov
(prop, that which is
born, a bairn), or TTCU-
diov (prop, the dim.) ;
little , iraidiov,
Choose, cupeo/acu.
Choral, dancer, x~
Cilicia, KiXi;a'a.
Cilician, woman or
queen, Ki'Xi<r<ra.
Citizen, TroXir^s.
City, TroXts, used either
of the place or the in-
habitants, or of the
two together, a town,
city, state ; &<TTV, of
the place only.
Clear, <ra$ifc ; make ,
577X60;.
Clearchus, KX&ipxos.
Close, K\eiu.
Close, together, ddpbos.
Cloud, t>f(f>6\r) ; - - of
dust, Kovioprbs.
Cock, dXcKTpvuv.
Collect, crv\\"y<j) or
together,
Come, ?pxofj,ai, elfj-t, r/KW,
be or have , T/KU ;
together, ffvvepxop.cn. ;
along, TrapepxofJ.cn ;
ZirtfJLi, or Tr
to an end, \rjyu.
Command, KeXeiko, to
bid, order, but #px w >
to rule.
Commander, &px<ut>.
Commend, eiraiveu.
Commit, error, dfj.ap-
rdvw.
Common, KOLVOS.
Companion, ercupos.
Company, X6%os ; in
with, ffvv.
Compel,
Compose,
Comrade, ercupos.
Conceal, Kpvirru.
Condemn, to death,
Qa.vo.rbw.
Condition, on that,
<p' fc
Conquer, viKau.
Conscious, be to, avv-
oida.
Consider, a -Kern -o^ai, to
look intently, observe,
but vo/jiifa, to regard.
Constant, /3e/3atos.
Consult, with, <7v/j,-
fiovXevo/Jiai.
Contain, x w -
Contend, ayuvifr/Mu.
Contest, aywv ; judge of
a
Continue,
Converse, <5ta/\e7o,ucu.
Convict, be convicted,
Corn, o-ir
Corrupt,
Costly, iro\vT\ris.
Country, x^ a > lands,
territory, but irarpls,
one's fatherland.
Courage, apery.
Courageous, 6appa\tos.
Courageously, dappa-
Xews.
Covetousness, ?rXeove-
Cowardly,
Co-worker, awepyds.
Crag, Trerpa.
Criminal, Kaxovpyos.
Cross, diafialvu.
Cultivate, da-^ew.
Current, poos.
Cut, to pieces, Kara-
/c67rTW ; off", dwo-
KOTTTO).
Cydnus, Kvdvos.
Cyrus, KOpos.
D.
Dagger, fj.dxa.Lpa.
Dancer, choral , %o-
peurijs.
Danger, KivSwos ; fond
of
Daric,
Darius, Aape?oj.
Daughter, dvydrrjp.
Day, rjfj-fpa.
Daybreak, at ,
Dead, ve/cpos ; be , re-
0v7)K&tu or re6vdvai.
Deal, out, j'e'yu.w.
Death, ddvaros ; con-
demn to , 6a.vo.rju ;
put to , aTTOKreivw ;
suffer , dTroGfr/cTKU}.
Deceive, e&Trardu, or
i^ei/5w, to deceive by
lying ; grossly, or
completely, eairardu.
Declare, dTroSei/o/u/u or
Decree,
Deed,
Deep, .
Defeat, vindw ; be de-
feated, r/rrdop-cu.
Defend, dp.iW.
Delay, p^XXw, to be on
the point of doing a
thing, without actual-
ly doing it ; diarpifiu,
to spend one's time,
tarry; one's march,
e7rex w T/ >?s Tropeias.
Deliberate, pov\euo/j.ai.
Delight, re'pTrw.
Deliver, over, irapa-
Deliverance, <rur-r)pia.
Delphi, AeX0ot.
Democracy, 5r)/j.oKf>a-
ria.
Deny, of) <j>-r)/j.i.
Descend,
Desert,
Deserted,
Designate, di
Desire, etfeXw or e-mdv-
/j.^(a ; TTi6vfj.ia, or e'pus,
physical desire.
Desist, 7rai5op.cu.
Despise, /cara^^ovea;.
Destroy, Xtfw ; w^cr-
/7/, diro\\vfj.i, or rara-
cr/cdTTTaj in the sense
of to raze, demolish.
Die
47
Flesh-scraper
Die, TeXeurdw or O.TTO-
Difficult,
Discipline, rdis.
Discussion, Xo7os.
Disgraceful,
Disinherit, d
Dispirited, &0i>fj.os ; be
, d6nfj.eu.
Disposition, r POTTOS.
Distance, at a from,
Distant, be , aVexw.
Ditch, T<i<ppos.
Do, TTOLeu or Trpdrrw, in
this sense used inter-
changeably; harm,
wrong,
Dog, Ktictv.
Door, dvpa.
Down or from, Kara
with gen.
Drag, down,
Drama, opa
Draw, &yw ; up, rdr-
TdJ.
Dread, 6/o^w.
Drive, eXa^w ; away,
Dust, cloud of , KO-
viopros. .
Dwell, in, oiKeta.
E.
Each, e/cao-Tos ; time,
Eagle, deros.
Earnest, 0-7roi;a?os.
Earth, 77}.
Ease, with or easily,
Easy, padios.
Educate,
Egypt, Afyi
Egyptian,
Eight, 6/crci.
Either, ..
Elect,
or,
Embark,
Embrace,
Emporium, e/j.iropioi>.
Empty, e^ei/Ai, as a river.
Enact, TiBrjfjii.
Encamp, o-rparo7re5ei5w ;
near, TrapaffK^veco.
Encampment, o-r/oaro-
Encircle, KVK\OU.
End,?rai/&?; rAos ; come
to an , X?77w. *"
Enemy, TroXe/uos, an
enemy in war ; e%^p6s,
a personal enemy ; the
, ol
Enslave,
Entrust,
Envy, (pdoveu, invol\"
ing the idea of ill-
will, malice ; ftXdw,
with the idea of emu-
lation.
Equipment, KoV/xos.
Escape, a7ro0ei>ya> ; -
notice or the notice
of, \a.vdaLVb).
Establish, Kadiarrj/j,.
Even, /cat ; not , ovde
Evening, ewe pa.
Ever, if ... , eiirore.
Every, Tras ; everything,
irdv.
Evident, S^Xos.
Evil, tceucos, irovrjpos, see
bad ; an , KUKUV ;
evil-doer, Kaicovpyos.
Exceedingly, laxypfa,
strongly, forcibly ; %a-
XeTrws, severely, griev-
ously.
Execute, Trpdrrw.
Exercise, yvfjivdfa.
Exhibit, deiKvv/jii.
Exhort, TTpOTpkTTOtJS.cn,.
Exile, fvy&i.
Expedition, crroXos,
65os or ffrpareia. ; take
part in an , arpa-
ret/o/icu ; make an
against, e
Expose, eK(palyu.
Express,
Eye, 6<p6a\/j.6s.
F.
Fail,
Fair,
Faithful,
False, \l/e
Famous,
Far, from,
Fare, Trpdrru.
Fated, it is , d
fffTLV.
Father, irar-rip.
Fatigue, be fatigued,
Favor,
Fear,
dedoiKa, or dedia, the
first of instantaneous
and inconsiderate f en r,
the last two of delib-
erate and reasonable
fear.
Fearful, Qopepos.
Fellow-Greeks, & av-
dpes "EXX^ves.
Fellow-soldiers, &i>Spcs
<rTpa.Tiu)Tai, with or
without cD.
Fertile, eti*
Few, 6X170$.
Fidelity,
Fifteen,
Fifty, irvr-f}Kovra..
Fight,
it out, diairo\fjLu.
Fill, Trt/xTrX^i.
Find, tvpiaxw.
Fine, fine-looking, eiet-
Fire, irvp ; set on ,
KCU'W or
First, .. r
Fish, lx& i
Five, Tret
Flatter, w,,
Flatterer, jcdJ
Flee, (pevyd) or dTrofati-
yw.
Flesh-scraper, <rrXe7-
715.
Might
48
High
Flight, rj>vy-f) ; put to ,
TpfTTUJ.
Flow, pew.
Follow, eirofMi ; as fol-
lows, or the following,
some case of o'5e.
Fond, of danger, 0iXo-
Kivdvi/os ; of money,
<pi\dpyvpos.
Food, (Tiros.
Foolish, ri\idios.
Foot, TTOUS ; on , we^y.
Foot-soldier, 7rek
For, yap ; fis or Trept.
Force,
.
Forget, Tri\avddvo/jiaL.
Fort or fortress, re^os.
Fortunate, be , euru-
Found, KTifa.
Foundation,
Four, TTrapS.
Fourth, TeYapros.
Free,e/\ei>0ep3U7 or d?ra\-
Xdrrw ; from old
age, ayr/pus.
Fraedom, eXeuflepi'a.
Freeze, TT 777^1.
Friend, 0/Aos.
Friendly, 0tXoj or <i-
Xtoj.
Friendship, <iXta.
From, e or CLTTJ ; /7e
sfe of, Trapd with gen.
Front, in ,Z/j.7rpo<rdev.
Fruit, Kapwos.
Fugitive, (peuyuv.
Fall, ir\ripris ; very ,
(r^iurXeaJS ; of toil,
iro\VTrovo$ ; at speed,
d^a, /cpdros.
G.
Gain,
Galley, irevnjKbvTOpos.
Garrison, (puXa-cT/.
Gate, irvXr).
Gazelle, Sop/cds.
General,
; togeth
cr, KTaoucu.
Giant, yiyas.
Gift,
Girl,
Give, didafjii ; over,
irapadidw/Ai ; up,
irapadidtd/uu. or airobi-
8u}fjn ; way to, TTC'L-
Bo^at.
Gladden, eixppaLvu.
Gladly, r)84*s.
Glory, /cXtos.
Go, elfj.i or (pxofjuu ; be
gone, otxpfiuu ; up,
; away,
forward,
; through,
Stofialw.
Goat, ai'.
Goblet, KvircXXov.
God, 0-6$.
Goddess, Bed.
Gold, xP Vff ' LOV -
Golden, xpwreos.
Good, dyaQos, in the
widest sense ; xf r l a " r ^,
in the sense of useful,
profitable.
Govern,^ to ,d
Grain,
Grant, 5i'
Grapple, with,
Gratify, .
Great, fj^yas, prop, of
size ; TroXtfs, prop, of
number.
Greatly, fj.eyd\ws or
<r<p65pa.
Grecian, 'EXX^iras.
Greece, 'EXXds.
Greek, "EXX^ or 'EXX??-
"./;6s'.
Ground, arms, ride-
jj.a.1 TO. oTrXa.
Groundless, Kevbs.
Guard, 9>i)Xa ; <j>v\dr-
TU ; against, <pv\dr-
Guest,
Guide,
H.
Hall, a.v<jjyeuv.
Halt, Kara\in>}, to un-
yoke the baggage-cat-
tle ; LffTrifj.i, to cause to
stand, as soldiers ;
under arms,
.
Hand, %'/> ; on the other
, a5 ; be at , Trd-
pei/jLi ; get in , x L '
p&OfJUU.
Happen, rvy-^dvu.
Happiness, o\/3os.
Happy, v5<j.i/jt.iijs ; re-
gard , ti5a.'.fwvifa.
Harbor, XL^V.
Hard, x*teirfo.
Hare, XcryuJs.
Harm, SXaTTroj ; do ,
; suffer ,
Haste,
Hasten, cnrevdw.
Hats, ex^at'pw or /xi<r^w.
Hateful, ex0p5s.
Have,lx w > often by the
verb to be and dat.,
184, 4.
Hay, Kd/0017.
He, 144, 1; and ,
or m , 6 5^. See
Him.
Head, to be at iJie of,
Hear, d/coiyw.
Hearing, aKo-tj.
Heart, comm. \f>vx^, but
sometimes <f>p^v in the
plur.
Height, 6^os, anpov, or
6pos.
Helmet, Kpavos.
Hem, in, e'ipyu.
Hera, "Hpa.
Herald, K7?pi;.
Here, evravda or a^rou.
Hereupon, evrai-Oa.
Hermes, 'Ep^^s.
Hide, dfp/ma ; KpvirTU.
High, di'w ; high-mind-
ed, \JTTfp<j>pUV.
Hill
Loss
Hill, X6(os or 7/?Xo0os.
Him, oblique cases of
avros in the n:asc.
Himself, eavrov, reflex. ;
O.VTOS, intens. likeipse.
Hinder, /cwXtfw ;
from, aTTOK.(i)\vw.
Hire, /ucr06ottcu.
His, often by the arti-
cle ; sometimes by av~
TOV, gen. sing. masc.
of cvrbs ; own, fau-
TOV.
Hit, uKoyrlfa.
Hither, devpo.
Hold, ^xw; fast, KCL-
T^d) ; up, d'sareiviii).
Home, at , OIKOI ; for
or homeward, ot-
Ka8e,
Homer, "0/j.Tjpos.
Honor, rt//.-// ; n^du , i;t
, rfyuos ; without ,
ClTl/AOS.
Hope, <?X7ris; of good ,
Hopeful,
Hoplite,
Horn,
Horse, I'TTTTOS ; on horse-
back, d(p' iirircv.
Horseman, 'nnrefo.
Hostile, TroXe/iuoj.
House, oZ/cos, he mo, or
oi/da, dwelling.
HOV, 7TUJ? Or 6'TTUJ.
However, (J.&TOI.
Hundred, CKO.TOV.
Hunger,
Hunt Q-
I,e 7 c6,79, 1, and 144,
1, W. N.
Idl?, apybs.
If, ei or c6.v.
Ill, KO.KOV J KCUOO9.
-J-Ill-treatment, ird6os,
Imitate, fjufj.to/j.ai.
Immediately, ev6vs.
Immortal, aOdvaros.
Inferior,
Inflict,
Impassable,
Impious, aOeos.
Impose, e7T4Tt^?
Imposition, e
Impost, 5aa-/xos.
In, &.
Indicate,
Induce, to return,
or e?rt-
Injure, /SXaTrrw.
Injustice, dSt/c/a.
Inspire, evrldiji
Intend, /?XXw.
Into, ei's.
Intrust, ^TrtT^T
Island, f^o-o?.
J.
Jackal, 0<I's.
Jar, ^S?KOS.
Javelin, ira\rov.
Join, ffv ft; iyvv/j.1.
Journey, -n-opda or 65js ;
Judge, KpiTi',?, in gener-
al ; 8iKa<rrr]s, of a court
of justice ; of a con-
test, ayuvcdtTrfi.
Just, dlKaios.
Justice, 5tKaio / ~6vr].
Justly, 5i/cai'fc;s.
K.
Keep, r/xtyu; kept, some-
times the sign of the
imperfect.
Kill, KTeivu ; be killed.
Kind,
Kindle, KO.IW.
Kindly, e^oos.
Kindness,
King, fia.<n\eus ; be ,
Knock, /COTTTW.
Know, yiyvuffKu or olda.
Lacedaemonian, Aa/ce-
Ladder,
Lament, 6Si'>pofj.ai.
Land, 777
Language,
Large, ^as.
Law, vo/xos.
Lead, d7w, in general ;
'iiy^fj-ai, to go before,
in order to conduct ;
forward, irpodyw.
Leap, aXXo/xc:t ; down,
Learn, p.a.vfla.vu or TTW-
Leathern-bag, d<
Leave, XetTrw or
Xe/7rw ; bcJiind, /ca-
TaXetTraj.
Left, evuvvfj.05.
Leisure, be at , <rxo-
Xafc.
Less, see Small.
Lest, /j.r).
Let, loose, d(pir)fji.i.
Letter, eTrtcrroX^.
Levy, ffvXXoy-r).
Liberality, with great
Libyan, Ai
Lie, KeTfiai, of position ;
if/etSw, to falsify ;
outstretched or inac-
tive, /card/cet/xai.
Life, /Sios.
Lift, atpw.
Light-armed, so?-
Lighten, f-j
% ^Lightly,
Line, rd|ts ; in , or
in of battle, Kara
<pd\ayya.
Lion, XfW.
Living, /3ios.
Long, /u,aK/9os ; //cr,
Lease, \ijd).
Loquacious,
Loss, be at a , d
Lot
50
Oracle
Lot, rtxrj.
Misfortune, Svcrrvxia.
Noble, 76j'i'aros.
Love, <pi\(i}, dyairdts),
Miss, d/taprdi'w.
Nobly, 7ewcu'ws.
or <rre'p7w.
Money, dpyvpLov or%p?7-
Noise, Kpavyrj, a cry,
Luck, ruxn-
ttara ; _/b/ifZ of , 0:-
shout ; Obpvfios, a con-
Luxury, rpu0?7.
Xdp7fpos.
fused noise, uproar.
Lydia, Av8ia.
Month, fj-fy.
Nor, oi)5e' or ^-qbe.
Lycius, AVKIOS.
Moon, ae\rivrj.
Not, oi) or /LIT? ; ?/^,
Mortal, dv-qros.
oi'Trojorti^Trw ; even,
M.
Most, s. of 7roXi5s; /xd-
ovfte or /xT/Se.
Aterra, adv.
Notice, escape or #?-
Maj ority, the , oi iro\-
Mother, ^r^p.
cape ^Ae o/, \o.v-
\oi.
Mount, dvafiaivw.
ddvd).
Maeander, Mcu'ai>5pos.
Mountain, 6pos.
Now, vvv, of time ; dr/,
Magistrates, reXy, from
Mouth, (TTOita.
inferential ; ^5?;, al-
reXos.
Move, Ktvew.
ready.
Make, -rroieu ; ridr)juu, as
Movement, OP/XT?.
Number, dpiO/j,(u ; in
laws ; war, iro\e-
Much, TToX^s ; TroXv, as
great numbers, iro\vs.
fjL^(t) or crrparei/oitat ;
adv.
known, fj.r)vv(i) ; -
Muse, Mowra.
O.
the attack, frrei/u ;
Must, 5e? ; often the
clear, STjXow.
sign of the verbal in
O, 6 ; that ! eWe.
Man, dvrjp or ai>0pw7ros ;
p
TfOS.
Oath, 6p/cos.
old , yepwv ; young
My, eiuSs; often by the
Obey, TTfido/jLai.
, veavias.
gen. sing, of 67 o>.
Observe, vota.
Manifest, 0ai>ep6s or 5rj-
Myself, (Liavrov, reflex. ;
Obtain, rvyxdvw.
Xos.
ai)ros, intens. like ipse.
Occupy, OIK^W or /car^-
Manner, TPOTOS.
X w -
Many, see Much.
Offering, />oitr ow< as an
March, iropela ; eXaww
N.
, (TTT^vdd}.
or eeXaww ; forth,
Often, TToXXdm.
away, or on, QcXafaa ;
Name, 6vo/j.a.
Old, man, yepwv.
ayainst, irpoafXau-
Nature, 0i/<ns.
Oligarchy, 6\iya.px<-a
VU).
Near, irpos or Trapd ;
On, eiri or ev ; ac-
Market-place, d7opd.
ir\r)(riov or e77us.
count of, 5td ; Jwrse-
Marsyas, Maptruas.
Necessary, it is , 5e?,
back, d0' i-mroii.
Matter, Trpdyfj.a.
or dvdyKTj early.
Once, iroTf ; at , au-
Means, xP^/ J - aTa '
Need, 5eo/xcu ; there is
Ti'/ca, ei)^i^s, or ^577.
Mede, M^Scs.
, oet.
One, eis ; anotlier, dX-
Menon, MeVajv.
Neglect, d/xeX^w.
XTjXaH'.
Mention, Xe'7w.
Neighboring, ir^aiov.
Only, / u6i'oj'.
Mercenary, ej>tKoj or
Neither, ... ?&or, oi?Te
Open, dvoLyb).
iu<r#o03pos.
... OVT, or/x?7re.../x77Te.
Opinion, yvJj.ur).
Messenger, 776X05.
Never, ouTroreortiTyTrore.
Opponent, d^Ttcrratrtw-
Middle, it^cros ; /mtcrov,
Nevertheless, fyxws.
T7?S.
as noun.
Next, ow <A day, rfj
Oppose, KwAtfu, in the
Milesian, MiXifcrios.
vcrrepaia.
sense of hindering ;
Miletus, MLXi7Tos.
Night, vt ; by , vv-
fva.vTibo/j.a.1, in the
Milk, 7dXa.
KTWp.
sense of setting one's
Milo, Mi'Xwi'.
Miltiades, MtXridS?;?.
Nightingale, 0tXo/x??Xa.
Nile, NeZXos.
self against.
Or, ij.
Mina, p.vd.
No, ovdeis or /j.rjdels ; -
Oracle, /uLavrela, the re-
Mind, vous ; be liigli-
one or 6orf?/, ouSets or
s[onse ; xP r ) <rr tiP lol 'i
mindcd, fj.^ya 0po^w.
Asset's.
the seat of the oracle.
Orator 51 Quickly
Orator, p-qTup.
Person, a.vdpwiro$.
Pre-eminently, Sta^e-
Order, /ceXeuw ; in good
Persuade, TreiOuj.
POVTUS.
, evTdKTUs.
Philosopher, <pL\6<ro-
Prefer, aipeo/xat.
Orestes, 'Opdcrr^.
00S.
Present, irapuv, part, of
Orontas, 'Opo^ras.
Phrygia, Qpvyla. ; Phry-
7rdpei/j.i used as adj.;
Ostrich, o-rpovdos.
gian, 4>pi>yios.
6c , 7rdpet/xt.
Other, aXXos ; others, ol
Picket-guard, irpo<pv-
Press, Trt^fw.
8e, 143, 1.
Xa^.
Pretext, 7rp60a(rts.
Ought, XPV-
Piece, cut to pieces, KO.-
Prize, d^Xoi'.
Our, i]p.eTepos ; often the
TCtKOTTTW.
Proceed, iropevo/j.ai.
gen. plur. of eyu.
Pilot, KVJ3pvr)Tr/s.
Procure, Tropifa.
Out, of sight, d<pavr]s.
Pisidian, Ti.i<rL5-r]s.
Promise, U7rtcrx' / eo/u.at.
Outrage, ai/dfw.
Pity, oiVreipw.
Proof, TKfJ.r)pLov.
Overcome, /cparew.
Place, x w P' " r TOTTOS ;
Property, xP 1 7A iaTa -
Overthrow, KaraXi/w.
stopping , <jTo.dp.bs ;
Propitious, iXews.
Own, by the gen. of the
take , yiyvop.ai', in
Prosperous, ev5a.ip.uv.
proper reflex, pron.
this , <:VTo.\j6o. j in
Protection, eTTiKOi/p'rjp.a.
Of, OLVTl.
Provide, iropifa.
Plain, iTfoiov.
Province, dpx^.
P.
Plait, TrX^/v-w.
Provisions, CTriTrjdeia,
Plan, f3ov\7) ^9ofXei5aj.
with or without the
Pain, \virrj.
Play, TTcufw.
art.
Palace, /3a<rtXeta.
Palisade, o~Ta.vpup.a..
Pleased, be , ij5o/j.a.i.
Pleasing, xapi'fts.
Proxenus, ITpo^ei'os.
Prudent, ffdx^puv.
Parasang, Trapacrdyyrjs.
Pleasure, ^ovrj.
Publish, dTroddKWfJU.
Parent, yovevs.
Pledges, iriffTd.
Punish, /coXdfw or fr/-
Park, TrapdSetcros.
Plethrum, ir\ddpov.
/JUOb).
Part, /xepos.
Plot, irif3ov\ri ;
Punisher, Ko\aaTrjs.
Pass, irdpoSos ; along,
against, Trij3ov\V(i).
Punishment, inflict ,
irapadidu/j-i, trans., or
Plough, UpoTpov.
OLKtjv e7rm'077/xt.
irap^pxo/J.a.1, intrans. ;
Plunder, iropQew, dp-rrd-
Purchase, uveop.au.
by, irapepxo/J-aL ; -
fw, or dtapirdfa.
Purify, Ka.6a.ipu.
the word to one anoth-
Poet, TTOIT/TTJS.
Purple, (pou>iKos or irop-
er, Siayye\\u.
Polished, e<TTos.
(pvpeos.
Passable, by icagons,
Poor, TTTWXOS ; man,
Purpose, for the of,
ClW,CllT6s.
irdvys.
(p u)T.
Pausanias, Havo-avias.
Possess, K<^KTr]fj.at.
Pursue, diuKw.
Pay, fju<r66s ; reX^w or
Possession, KTrj/ma ; pos-
Pursuii, Stw^ts.
diro5i5it}[j.i.
sessions, sometimes
Put, riOrf/jii ; to flight,
Peace, dpr)vrj.
d^a^d.
Tpetrop.a,i. ; to deafh,
Peacock, raws.
Possible, is , ZffTiv or
diroKTeivu ; to vote,
Peltast, TreXracrr^s.
jfteffTlV.
iiri-fyri<j>'(.%u : to sea,
Penalty, ^rj^ia.
Post, Ka.OicrT'rjp.L.
dvdyop.a.1. ; on, ev-
People, 5%tos.
Pour, out as an offer-
dvvu.
Perceive, alff6dvo/j.ai.
ing, CTTTfVSw.
Pyramid, irvpapls.
Perfidious, Travovpyos.
Poverty, irevia.
Perhaps, taws.
Power, /cpdros ; in the
Perish, d7ro\\v/j.ai.
of, eiri with dat.
Q.
Perjure, ones self,
Practicable, cvwpaKTos.
eTTtOpAT^W.
Praise, eTrat^w.
Quail, 8prv.
Permit, e'dw.
Praiseworthy, tiraive-
Question, epwrdw.
Persian, llep<r</c<5s or
r6s.
Quick, rax^s.
lle'po-T^s.
Pray, ei/xo^at.
Quickly, TO.XV.
Raise
52
Simple
Raise, up,
Rank, rdts.
Ransom, \vofjuti.
Rapidly, raxe'ws.
Rather, /j.a\\ov.
Ravine, x a P^P a -
Reach, doivn, KaQrjKu.
Read, dvayiyvucrKu.
Ready, make , irapa-
Receive, \a/j.^dvio, in the
sense of taking in one's
hand, laying hold of ;
5exofJ.cu, in the sense
of holding out one's
hand to receive what
is offered, accepting.
Reconcile, SiaXXdT-ru; or
Refrain,
Refuge, take , /cara-
Refuse, ou
Regard, happy, eu-
8ai/j.ovlfa ; in to,
Trpbs w. ace.
Remain, ntvu.
Remember,
Remit, d
Reputation, 56a.
Repute, in , &/5oos.
Resolutely, ffrtppGis.
Respect, cu'Sws ; with
to, 717)65 w. ace.
Res^draTrauo/xcu; the
of, 6 #XXos ; the , ol
&\\oi or ol XoiTTot.
Restore,
Restrain,
Retaliate, d
Retreat, Qevyw.
Return, induce to ,
Right, dtKaios, morally ;
5e|tos, direction.
River, Trora^uos.
Road, 655s.
Rob, 0-repe'w, d7ro<rrepew,
or d(f>aipo/j.ai.
Robber, XTJOT^S ; of
temj)lcs, iepoavXos.
Robbery, Xijo-reta.
Robe, Kdvdvs.
Rock, Trerpa.
Royal, /SacrtXetos or /3a-
aiXi/cos ; authority,
/3a<rtXei'a.
Rule, &PXU-
Run, rptxu, in the gen-
eral sense ; Ww, de-
notes haste and quick-
ness, and is comm.
used of bodies of men,
a military term ; -
forward,
up, Tr
Rush, i/j.ai or o
on,
Revile,
Revolt, df^i
Reward,
Rich, irXovffios ; be ,
TrXoirrew.
Ride, eXctwco ; -- by,
; away,
S.
Sacred, Ifpbs.
Sacrifice, 6v<ria ; 8uu.
Safe, dcr0aX77s or <rws.
Safely, dcr^aXws.
Safety, (rurypia or
d(T0dXeia ; with ,
d<r0aXws ; in great-
est , d(r0aXe<TraTa ;
bring in , crufa.
Sail, away, diroir\tu
or e/orXe'o;.
Sailor, vatirris.
Same, auros with the
art., 79, 2.
Samian, Sd/xtos.
Sardis, SdpSets.
Satrap, <rarpd7r7/s.
Save, o-wfw.
Savior, auT-qp.
Say, X^7w or <f>T}/ni; el-
TTOJ', .SWirf.
Scout, ffKoirbs.
Scrutinize, e^erdfco.
Sea, ddXarra ; put to ,
Secret,
See, bpdw ; to, VKO-
7T6W.
Seek, ^T/T^W.
Seem, best, SOKCW.
Seer, pavris.
Self, ai)r6j, 145, 1.
Self-control, eyKpdreia.
Sell, dTToStSoyUCU.
Send, Tre/MTTw or fy/w ;
or home, diro-
, ?ra-
Sense,
Senseless,
Separate,
Servant, Bepdirwv.
Serve, for hire, 6-r}-
Set, iffTr)fj.i ; on fire,
Kalw or fvairrw ;
ow^, 6p/j,do/j.cu.
Seven, ewrd.
Severe,
Shame,
Sharp, o^us
Shepherd,
Shield, affirls.
Ship, mOj.
Shoot, ro^eiyw.
Shout, Kpavyri ; /Sodw.
Show, (paivu, to make to
appear, to cause to be
seen ; deiKVVfAi or e?rt-
ddKvv/u,L, prop, to show
with the finger, hence
to show in general.
Shun, (pevyo).
Sick, be , dadevtu.
Side, from, the of,
irapd with gen. ; on all
sides, irdvTodtv ; on
both sides, d/x0or^pw-
Bev.
Sight, 6'pacrts ; out of ,
Silent, be , <riydu.
Silver, dpyvpiov ; or
of , dpytipeos.
Simple, aTrXyos.
Since
53
The
Since, eVei or birbre.
Spartan, S7raprtdT77S.
Summon, /caX^w.
Sing, d'5w.
Speak or of, Xeyw
Sun, ?7Xtos.
Singer, doiSos.
Sink or down, Ka.ra-
elirov, spoke ; the
truth, dXrjGetiu.
Supperless, &detirvos.
Support, Tp^0w.
duw, trans.
Spear, XcryxT?.
Surmount,
Six, If.
Speech, Xo7os.
Surpass, vwep^x^-
Skill, rfynt.
Skin, 5i<p0pa.
Speed, at full , dvu.
Kpdros.
Surprise, be surprised,
0a.vfj.dfa.
Slander, But/BoXy.
Spoils, <TKvXa.
Surrender, ira.paSid(afj.i.
Slave, doDXos ; be a ,
Sportsman, Qrjpevrrjs.
Surround, Trepte'xw.
dovXevu).
Square, irXaiffLov.
Suspect, viroirreixo.
Slaughter, KOTTTW.
Stack, arms, ri6e[M'.
Suspicion, viroMa.
Slay, aTTOKreivb}, dtroX-
rd oirXa. Swe'ar, 'falselv. firioo-
Xv/j.1 be slain, diro-
Stadium, o-TdSto?'.
K<f.
6l>r](TK(j).
Stag, ^Xa0os.
Sweat, ISpws.
Sleep, CTTJ/OS ; KaOevdw.
Sling, (rcpevdovri.
Stage, o"Ta$//,6s.
Stand, iVra/xai or earr]-
Sweet, ijS us, agi-eeable
in a very wide sense ;
Slinger. <r<pei'doi>r)Tr)s.
KO. ; by, Trapto-ra-
yXvKfa, prop, sweet to
Slowly, (TxoXrj.
(jut ; around, Trept-
the taste.
Small, /it/epos.
ttrra/uat ; under
Sword, short , d/ctfd-
Smelling, 8o-<t>pr)<ris.
arms, rlffe/Mi rd oir\a.
K77S.
Snare, way is.
Standard, o-rj/j-eTov.
Syracusan, Zvpcucicrtos.
Sneeze, TrTdpvv/j.ai.
State, \ey+} ; TroXts.
Syrian, 2t/ptos.
So, oiirws, adv. of man-
Station, ffra.6fj.6s.
ner ; 677, logical par-
Steal, /cX^TTTw.
ticle of inference ; be
Steep, irpavfo.
T.
, otiriijs ^x w -
Stern, crvyvh.
Socrates, Zw/cpaTTTS.
Still, IT*.
Take, \a^dvw ; place,
Soldier, <rrpa.rLd)Tt]s ;
Stir, up, ra.pa.rrw.
yiyvofj.o.1.; - - away,
light-armed , 71;-
Stone, Xi$os ; /SdXXw.
d<paip^<a.
/J.V-TJS.
Stop, fighting, Kara-
Talent, rdXavrov.
Some, ris ; ol /JL&, 143,-
Xvo}.
Targeteer, TreXrao-rTjy.
1 ; one or body, rts.
Stopping-place, O-TO^-
Taste, yev<Tis yfvo/j,ai.
Sometimes, more.
flOS.
Teacher, 6i5d<r/caXos.
Son, vi6s, in general ;
Straightway, i>6vs.
Tegea, Teyta.
TTCUS, child, of either
Stranger, fevos. Team, fcOyos.
sex.
Stream, poos. i Tell, X^yw ; dirov, told.
Song, 77.
Strengthen, ptLwvfju. Temple, yews; robber of
Sooner, irpoaOev.
Strife, pts. temples, iepotruXos.
Soothsayer, (j,dvri.s.
Strike, ?ratw, strike with Ten, oV/ca ; thousand,
Sophist, aOfpKTTr)?.
the hand or some-
p.vpt.01.
Sophocles, 2o<poKXr)s.
thing in it ; irXrjrro),
Tent, (TK'qvri,
Sorrow,
a stronger word.
Terrify, e/fTrXrjTTw.
Sort, of every , iravro-
Strive, after, opeyo-
Test, j8d(raws.
8air6s.
/wcu.
Than, ij.
Soul, 6v/j.6s.
Strong, itrxvpfa-
That, e/ce?TOS, demon.
Sound, <T7)/nalvw, to give
Stronghold, x w /^" or
pron.; 3n, in indir.
a signal, with a ]>er-
Xwpiov iaxvpbv.
disc.; tva, ws, 6Vws, in
. sonal subject ; <f>6ey-
Struggle, dyuv.
the sense of in order
yo/mai, of any loud,
Successfully, /caXcDs.
that ; fj.r}, after verbs of
clear sound.
Suffer, irdffxu ; death,
fearing ; so ; ware
Source, 7777777.
diro6vf]ffKW.
or would , et'$e.
Sparta, ^irdprr].
Summit, o.npov.
The, 6, 77, TO.
Theatre
54
Wagon
Theatre, Bearpov.
that , T&re ; each ,
Understanding, <rAi>c-
Their, often by the ar-
e/cdtrrore ; in , evKai-
fflS.
ticle ; sometimes by
pws.
Undertaking, Trpa^s,
avrwv, gen. plur. of
Tissaphernes, Tio-o-a-
irpay/j.a, or epyov.
auros.
0epv7/s.
Unfinished, dreXvJs.
Them, oblique cases of
To, ei's, eiri, irapd, a>s,
Unfortunate, drux^s or
ctirros in the plur.
or Trpos.
duffrvxys.
Themistocles, QefjuaTo-
Toil, 7T6J/OS ; full of ,
Unguarded, d(pv\aKTos.
K\i)S.
TTOXVTTOVOS.
Unjust, ddiKos.
Themselves, eavrwv,
Tongue, y\u<r<ra.
Unless if not.
reflex.; avroi, intens.
Too, ayav.
Unprepared, d-n-apa-
like ipse.
Torch, Xa/A7rds.
o'Keijao'Tos.
Then, TOTC, of time;
Touch, d(pr) ; farrofMu.
Unprincipled, irovrjpos.
5?7, inferential ; 2v6a,
Tower, rvpais.
Unseemly, alvxpos.
thereupon ; and ,
Track, tx viov -
Until, /J.^XP I > &XP l > & T >
elra de.
-Traitor, 7rpo5oT7js.
^ws, or irpiv.
Thence, evrtvdev.
Transgress, d/j-aprdisw.
Upon, eirl.
There, evravda, of place :
Transport, 5ta/3c^d^"w.
Uprightness, OLK.au.offv-
when merely ex pletive
Treason, irpodoaria.
vrj.
not to be translated ;
Treasure, fhje&vfte.
Uproar, #6pv/3os.
be , Trdpeiiu.
Treaty, cnrovQai or vvv-
Urge, KC\CJ>W.
Therefore, oiV, apa, or
BrjKr}.
Us, see I.
rolvvv.
Tree, 5ef5po%
Use, make of, xP ao '
Thereupon, evravOa or
Trench, rd^pos.
fj.ai.
Zv6a.
Tribute, 5ao-^6s.
Useful, xP^ " 4 ^ 08 -
Thermopylae, Qep/j.oirv-
Trireme, Tpirfpr)?.
Xat.
Trojan, Tpwi/cos.
These, see This.
Trophy, Tpb-rraiov.
V.
Thief, 0wp.
Think, vo/j-ifa or OL/MLL.
Trouble, rapdrro; or
dvidu).
Valor, doer 77.
Third, rpiros.
Thirty, rpidKOvra.
Troy, Tpot'a.
Truce, airovSal.
V ast, TroXi^s.
Vengeance, fake on,
This, ouros or ode, 148,
True, d\T)6ris.
airoTLvop.a.1 or n/xwpto-
N. 1.
Those, see That.
Trumpet, <rd\iriy.
Trust, TTiffTcvin} or irc-
Very, ^wdXa.
Thought, take in re-
TTOida.
Vex, XfTre'aj.
Thousand, x^Xioi ; two
Tmib.,speak the , d\rj-
V icious, Trovyjpos*
Victorious, be , VLK&W.
'Vi^ril^nij 67rtu.6X739
, SrxiXiot ; ten ,
Try,e7rix ei P^ or ireipdo-
Village, /CW/AT? ; village-
Thrace, QpaK-rj. *
Thracian, 6p.
Tumult, 66pvf3os.
Tunic, x iT( ^ v -
chief, KWfjidpx^-
Villager, ^OJ^UT^TT;?.
Three, T/O$ ; hun-
Turn, TpeTrw, trans. ;
Violate TrccpcttteXcw.
dred, TpiaKOffLOL.
Tpcirofj.ai, intrans.
l-r- i ' . /
Through, did.
Throw, PITTTOJ ; in,
e,u/3aXXo>.
Twenty, etKoai.
Two, 8uo ; thousand,
Virtue, aperr/.
Voice, 0WV7J.
Voyage, ?rX6os.
Thus, tide, in the sense
Tyrant, rvpawos. .
of as follows.
W.
Tigris, Tt7p?;s.
U.
Time, xpoi'os, in gener-
Wagon, a/ia^a ; passa-
al ; &pa, season, hour :
Underneath, be ,
ble by wagons, d/x.a|i-
proper , Kaipos ; at
fartifu.
TOS.
Wailing
55
Zeus
Wailing, 6dvp/j.6s.
W^ait, Trept/j-evw ; for,
dvanevti) or Trepi^eVw.
Wall, reixos ; build a
to intercept, dirorei-
Xtf<">-
War, 7r6Xe,uos; at ,
; or make
Ward, off", dfj.vvu.
Watchword, avvd-rj^a..
Water, Ofiwp.
Way, 656s ; give to,
; in this ,
Wealth, TrXoCros.
Wear, x w > w ^ Ka ~
Weep,
Weight, /Sdpos.
Well, c5 or /caXws ; $
, /caXws ^x et -
Well-armed,
Well-born, ev
Well-disposed,
Wet, /3p<?xw. .
What, TIS, inter.; Ss,
rel. ; Sorts, gen. rel.
and indir. inter.
Whatever, Sorts.
When, u>s, e?rei, or erei-
Whence,
Whenever, OTTOTC or
Where, fr^a or STTT;.
Wherefore, axrre.
Wherever, OTTOW.
Whether, et.
Which, 6s.
Whichever, 6ir6Tepos.
Whip, fjLd<FTi.
White, \cvnfa.
Whither, TTO?.
Who, TIS, inter. ; 6's, rel.
Whole, 6Xos or Tras.
Whosoever, 6s.
Why, rl.
Width, efyos.
Wife, 7^77.
Wild, tiyptos ; beast,
Qf]plov.
Willing, be , e^e'Xw.
Wind, dve/^os.
Wine, of^os.
Wing,
Winter,
Wisdom, ao<pia.
Wise, (ro0js.
Wish, e^eXw or POV\O-
fj-ai.
With, ato, %x wv '> the
aid of, fftv ; respect
to, 7rp6s.
Withdraw, a.tro<riraw or
Within, e&rw, indicates
the motion of going
into the place ; ZvSov,
in the sense of in the
inside, without im-
plying such motion ;
e^ros, prop, inwardly,
but sometimes with a
case after it.
Without, dbeu; break-
fast, dvdpiffTOS.
Witness, fidprvs.
Wolf, XUKOS.
Woman, 71^77 ; old ,
7paOs ; Cilician ,
KlXurtra.
Wonder, 0a.vfji.dfa.-
Wonderful, ^ai^a<rr6s.
Wooden, v\ii>os.
Word X67os ; bring or
carry back , a7ra7-
7e\Xw ; send , Tra-
pa77^XXw ; pass the
to one another, 5iay-
Work, tp
Worse, c. of /ca/cos.
Worthy, fitos.
Would, that, Me or
et ydp.
Write,
Wrong or do ,
^ wrong-doing, dfj-apria.
X.
Xenias, Hei/tas.
Xenophon,
Y.
Year,
Yet, ?io , o07rw or /jL-f}-
TTO) ; and , /cat'roi.
Yield, v<pifji.ai.
You, (TV.
Young, veos ; man,
Your or yours, o-6s or
u/xerepos, and often by
the gen. of (TV.
Yourself, (reavrov, re-
flex. ; en)r6s, intens.
like. ipse.
Youth,
Z.
Zealous, irp60v/jLos.
Zeus, Zetfs.
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Bo^s and Girls. (By J. H. ALLEN.) 12mo. Cloth. 182 pages ... .90
This is designed for the use of scholars of a younger class, and consists of thirty
Lessons arranged so as to give a full outline of the grammar, with brief Rules of Syn-
tax, Tables of Infliction, and interlined exercises lor practice in reading, compiled
from HixtoricR Sacra. The reading selections which follow include Dialogues from
Corderius and Erasmus (with translation), narratives, nursery songs, mediaeval
hyuius, etc., being made up in great part from modern Latin writers.
ALLEN'S LATIN LEXICON : a General Vocabulary of
Latin, with Supplementary Tables of Dates, Antiquities, etc. By J. II. ALLEN.
12mo. Cloth. 214 pages ......... . . .90
This little dictionary contains " about 15,000 words of common use, besides more
than 1 ,3UO proper names or adjectives, and about 200 dates (exclusive of the Tables),
covering the more important points of classical history and mythology." It is be-
lieved to be complete for the entire introductory course of Latin authors, including
Ovid and Virgil.
LEIGHTON'S LATIN LESSONS. Prepared to accompany
Allen & Greenough's Latin Grammar. By R. F.LEISUTON, former Master of
Melrose High School. Revised Edition. 12mo. Half morocco. 352 pages . 1.12
This work presents a progressive series of exercises (both Latin and English) in
about eighty Lessons, illustrating the grammatical forms and the simpler principles
of syntax. Synonymes and Rules of Quantity are introduced from the first. The
amount of illustrative matter in exercises for reading and writing or oral practice
is very large, including portions of VIRI RoMi, and Woodford's Epitome of the First
Book of Caesar. Full Vocabularies (prepared by R. F. PENNELL) accompany the
book, with questions for examination and review of the grammar.
The Lessons have been entirely rewritten, considerably simplified, and more care-
fully graded. With each lesson, definite directions have been given in regard to the
amount of the grammar to be learned. By decreasing the exercises to be translated
into English, space has been given to increase correspondingly the amount to be put
into Latin. Some instruction on the formation of words has been given, and the
references to the grammar on that subject largely increased. The vocabularies
have also been carefully revised.
MADVIG'S LATIN GRAMMAR. Carefullv revised by
THOMAS A. THACHER, Yale College. 12mo. Flalf morocco. 517 pages . . 2.25
A book of the very highest authority in Latin Syntax, and admirably adapted to
the wants of Teachers and College Classes.
NEW LATIN METHOD: a Manual of Instruction in Lntin
on the Basis of a Latin Method prepared by J. H. ALLEN and J. B. GREENOUGH.
12mo. Cloth. 244 pages ........... . -94
The "New Method" contains: 1. About thirty ELEMENTARY LESSONS on the
forms of the language, and the constructions suggested by the definitions of cases,
moods, etc., accompanied by full Paradigms, and Exercises in Latin and English,
with partial vocabularies. N. B. This portion of the book can be used independently
of the Grammar, and is sufficient for a course of about a year's study. 2. CON
STRUCTIONS OF SYNTAX symmetrically grouped, with full references to the Grammar,
11
each topic being illustrated by numerous examples, with exercises to be rendered
iuto Latin, so as to make a full eltmt-ntary manual of Latin Composition. 3. ON
HEADING LATIN : brief sections on the Latin Sentence, with examples of analysis and
translation ; the Derivation of Words ; and Reading at Signt. 4. READHSG LES-
SONS, with Vocabularies, and Tabular List of Synouymes.
THE LATIN VERB. Illustrated by the Sanskrit. By C. H.
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WHITE'S JUNIOR STUDENT'S LATIN-ENGLISH
LEXICON. Square 12mo. 662 pages. Morocco back 2.25
Sheep .... 2.tO
WHITE'S JUNIOR STUDENT'S LATIN-ENGLISH
AND ENGLISH-LATIN LEXICON. By the REV. J. T. WHITE, D D-, of
C. 0. C. Oxford, Rector of St. Martin, Ludgate, London. Revised Edition.
Square 12mo. 1058 pages. Sheep 3.25
" The present work aims at furnishing in both its parts a sufficiently extensive
vocabulary for all practical purposes. The Latin words and phrases are in all ca<-es
followed by the name of some standard Latin writer, as a guaranty of their author-
ity ; and as the work is of a strictly elementary character, the conjugation of the
\erb.-s and the genders and genitive cases of the substantives are uniformly added.
In the preparation of this portion of the book, DR. WHITE has had the assistance of
some of the best scholars both of Oxford and Cambridge." Guardian.
WHITE'S JUNIOR STUDENT'S ENGLISH-LATIN
LEXICON. Square 12mo. Sheep. 392 pages 1 88
We have contracted with Messrs. Longmans, Green, & Co., of London, for the
sole agency in this country for the above Latin Lexicons, and shall endeavor to iiite*
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12
ESSENTIALS OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR,
FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS.
BY PROF. W. D. WHITNEY,
OF YALE COLLEGE.
This work is founded on the author's studies of language in general, and
on his experience as an examiner in English grammar for one of the depart-
ments of Yale College, and as a teacher of French and German in the same
institution.
It endeavors to teach the facts of English grammar in such a way as shall
lay the best foundation for further and higher study of language in every
department.
It assumes that English-speaking children know in general the usages
of their own tongue, and, taking advantage of this fact, it endeavors to
point out to them what most requires their notice if they are to understand
the language they use. It directs their attention to underlying principles
and rules, to all the matters which grammatical science has found most
calling for notice, to the distinctions of proved importance, and the terms
which every student of language needs to understand and use. It follows
thus the inductive method, proceeding from familiar facts to classifications
and generalizations and definitions.
Everything is sought to be made so clear, by starting from what is sim-
plest, and by the plainest illustration, that it shall be fully understood by
every ordinary learner. Excessive classification and abstract definition are
carefully avoided.
The work begins with the formation of the Simple sentence and the dis-
tinction of the parts of speech ; it next explains the inflection of English
words, and the formation of derivative and of compound words ; the parts
of speech are then taken up in order and treated in detail ; and chapters
of syntax close the work. The added exercises give due opportunity of
practice upon the matters taught.
The author holds that the study of English grammar may be made an
efficient introduction and aid to the study of other languages, both modern
and ancient ; and also that even those who have pursued the grammar of
foreign languages, as Latin, will find that of English very valuable both as
complement of the knowledge so gained and as test of its reality.
Sample copies 50 cents, post paid.
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The Globe presents many new features, and is mounted in an ingenious
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to the apprehension of an ordinary child. For the usual verbal expla-
nations which overtask the untrained imagination, it substitutes material
surfaces and lines and real motions, and thus aids the mind of the learner
in the highest possible degree in forming correct and lasting impressions
of phtnomena which, however interesting, are in the abstract not easily
understood.
All the phenomena which can be illustrated, or problems which can be
solved by large and costly terrestrial globes, can be illustrated and solved
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also other problems which it is believed admit of solution upon this globe
alone. The Globe has been examined by numerous teachers and astrono-
mers, all of whom have expressed their approval of it in the strongest terms.
The Manual which accompanies this Globe contains every direction for
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illustrate, such as the changes in the length of day and night, the seasons,
twilight, etc.
A collection of more than forty problems is also given, with full directions
for working them, and numerous practical exercises to be worked out by the
learner on the Globe. Questions for examination and miscellaneous exer-
cises are added at the end.
It is believed that no more inieresting and profitable mode of studying
this subject can be devised, whether for the family or the school. Hi^h
Schools and Academies should have several Globes, so that all the learners
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