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 ajuijileeitemorial 
 
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 i" t) r is t €f)wrcl; . Camb vi ^ g e 
 18 8^.
 
 THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES
 
 ■^^/1/^0-U^
 
 A JUBILEE MEMORIAL 
 
 OF THE 
 
 CONSECRATION 
 
 OF 
 
 Which took place June 27 th, 1839. 
 
 TO WHICH IS PREFIXED 
 
 A SHORT HISTORY OP BARNWELL PRIORY, 
 
 From its Foundation to the present Time. 
 
 BY 
 
 WILLIAM WHITE, 
 
 Sub-Librarian of Trinity College. 
 
 Cnmbnbgc : 
 
 W. HEFFER, FITZKOY STREET.
 
 7G5" 
 
 C 14 Wb 
 
 TO THE 
 RIGHT REVEREND CHARLES FERRY, D.D., 
 
 LATE LORD BISHOP OF MELBO.URNK» 
 
 FORMERLY PATRON OF CHRIST CHURCH, 
 
 THIS "JUBILEE MEMORIAL" 
 
 IS MOST RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED 
 
 BY 
 
 THE AUTHOR. 
 
 >2 /"> 
 
 i 11711'
 
 ^N the 27th of June, 1839, Dr. Allen, 
 , %M] Bishop of Ely, consecrated the building 
 since known as Christ Church. Fifty 
 years have now elapsed since that time, and 
 it has been deemed fit that arrangements 
 should be made for the due commemoration 
 of that interesting event. Special Jubilee Ser- 
 vices have therefore been fixed for the week 
 in which the anniversary occurs, all the sur- 
 viving former Vicars have been invited, and 
 the following have accepted the invitation, and 
 will preach on successive evenings :
 
 Monday, June 24, Rev. G. W. Weldon, M.A. 
 Tuesday, June 25, Rev. Chancellor Leeke, M.A. 
 Wednesday, June 26, Rev. H. Trotter, M.A. 
 Thursday, June 27, Rev. A. Delme Radcliffe, 
 
 M.A. 
 Friday, June 28, Rev. C. C. Frost, M.A., formerly 
 
 Curate. 
 Sunday, June 30, Rev. J. G. Dixon, M.A., the 
 
 present Vicar. 
 As an additional way of marking the Jubilee 
 of Christ Church, it was thought desirable, at a 
 Meeting of the Wardens and Synodsmen, at 
 which the Vicar presided, that a short Memorial 
 of the Church and its doings should be compiled. 
 It was at first intended that this "Jubilee 
 Memorial " should embrace only the space of the 
 fifty years since the consecration of Christ 
 Church ; but upon further consideration it was 
 thought that a short history of the Parish of 
 Barnwell from the Foundation of the Priory, 
 however brief, would prove interesting to many 
 who could not easily obtain access to works 
 where only such information is to be obtained ; 
 also that it would shew the continuity of church
 
 7 
 work in the parish from the Foundation of 
 the Priory to the present time. 
 
 It would only be right here to mention some 
 of the works which have been consulted in 
 compiling this "Memorial." 
 
 Dugdale's Monasticon Anglicanum. 
 Bibliotheca Topographia Britannica, Vol. V., which 
 contains Rutherforth's Abstract of the Register 
 of Barnwell Abbey. 
 Cooper's Annals. 
 
 „ Alemoriah of Cambridge, Vol. III. 
 Some Account of Barnwell Priory, by Marmaduke 
 
 Pricket. 
 The History of fesus Lane Simday School. 
 Memoir of the Right Rev. Bp. Titcomb, by the Rev. 
 Allen T, Edwards. 
 
 «&c. &c. 
 
 An answer to the question which has been 
 so frequently asked, "Why should we have a 
 Jubilee ?" will be found in the accounts here 
 given of the awful depths of sin and open 
 immorality into which the parish had sunk at 
 the time of the consecration, and the improved 
 condition of the same at the present time, which
 
 cannot better be described than in the words 
 of Chancellor Leeke, in his Introduction to a 
 History of Jesus Lane Sunday School in 1877: 
 " I question if there is a large poor town parish 
 in the land where there is more real and earnest 
 Christian life than in Barnwell." Is not this 
 a cause for a Jubilee — a time of rejoicing? 
 
 It is hoped that this "Memorial" may help 
 many to join with the Psalmist in saying, "I 
 will praise Thee, O Lord, with my whole heart ; 
 I will shew forth all Thy marvellous works," 
 for "The Lord hath done great things for us, 
 whereof we are glad." 
 
 It only remains to thank those friends who 
 have kindly rendered assistance in compiling 
 this " Memorial " ; more especially the former 
 Vicars, who have given much information con- 
 cerning the parish during the time of their 
 respective residences in it. 
 
 W. W.
 
 ^ 
 
 ti 
 
 ♦H
 
 ^^mm 
 
 ¥f|({ !F^pj^^p| ^ PHijnutrJl 
 
 -ILLIAI\r THE CONQUEROR bestowed 
 ) upon Picot, a Norman, the very rich 
 fl'yjl^M!,. Barony of Bourn in Cambridgeshire. 
 This Baron was sheriff of Cambridge in 
 or about the year 1092, where his wife, whose name 
 was Hugoline, was taken so seriously ill that she 
 was given over by the physicians ; upon which she 
 is said to have made a vow to God and St. Giles, 
 her patron saint, that if she recovered her health she 
 would build a church, and establish a house of religion. 
 To this vow her husband consented. Upon her recovery 
 they built a church to the honour of St. Giles, with 
 convenient apartments, in which they placed six canons 
 regular, under the superintendence of Geoffrey, canon 
 of Huntingdon ; to which they gave, for their main- 
 tenance, two parts of the tythes of all their demesnes, 
 and of the demesnes of all their knights pertaining 
 
 B
 
 10 
 
 to the Barony of Bourn in Cambridgeshire. They 
 gave them also the advowson of all the churches 
 which belonged to them. 
 
 Before the convent was complete, both Picot and 
 his wife died ; leaving their estates and honours 
 to their son Robert, whom they charged to finish 
 that work. But he, in the reign of Henry I., being 
 charged with conspiracy, fled ; his estate and barony 
 were confiscated ; and the convent of St. Giles was 
 reduced to very great want and misery. In process 
 of time Henry I. gave the barony, together with the 
 site where Barnwell Abbey was afterwards built, to 
 Payn Peverel, who upon coming to Cambridge, and 
 seeing the house of St. Giles desolate, said, that as 
 he had succeeded to the possessions of Picot, so he 
 would succeed him in finishing the work which he had 
 left imperfect. But not liking the position of the 
 Convent of St. Giles, more especially as they had not 
 the conveniency of a spring, he resolved upon removing 
 it to a more pleasant situation on the other side of 
 the river, to a place called Barncwelle, a corruption 
 of Beorna-wylla, or the Spring of the Children ; on this 
 spot Godilo, a pious Saxon, had established a hermitage 
 and built a little oratory of wood to the honour of 
 St. Andrew the Apostle; but he dying, had left the 
 place without inhabitant, and his oratory without a 
 keeper. Here Payn Peverel erected a new habitation 
 for the canons, which was much more commodious 
 than the old one, in which he resolved to place thirty 
 canons, under the former Prior, Geoffrey. In 1 1 12 the 
 canons removed to their new monastery. Payn Peverel
 
 T t 
 
 also commenced building a church of wonderful beauty 
 and solidity, but before he had completed all he 
 intended doing, he died of a fever in London, in the loth 
 year (1122) after the translation of the canons to 
 Barnwell ; to which place his remains were brought, 
 and buried on the north side of the great altar in 
 the Priory Church. 
 
 His son, William, who succeeded him, confirmed 
 to the canons all the donations of his father, and 
 also gave them a hide of land in Bourn. Afterwards 
 he went to Jerusalem, and died there, leaving his four 
 sisters his co-heiresses. One of these marrying Hamo 
 Peche, the patronage of Barnwell Priory came into 
 that family. Geoffrey died at a great age, and was 
 succeeded by Gerard. The Church lay unfinished the 
 latter part of his time, as also that of his two 
 successors, Richard Noel and Hugh Domesman, who 
 gave large possessions to the Priory. 
 
 Robert, surnamed Joel, who was made Prior in 1 135, 
 having prevailed upon Everard de Beche, a famous 
 knight, to give him both assistance and advice for the 
 building of offices and re-building the church, took 
 up the very foundations of the church which had 
 been begun by Payn Peverel, and built a more decent 
 and commodious one in its stead, which was dedicated 
 to the honour of St. Andrew and St. Giles on the 
 I ith of May, 1191. 
 
 King John gave the Prior and Convent £\o in 
 silver; and on the 27th of April, 1199, he granted them 
 the town of Chesterton in fee farm. He also granted 
 them a fair at Barnwell, commencing on IMidsummei:
 
 12 
 
 eve. He appears to have been at Barnwell on the 
 17th of March, 1200. 
 
 Gilbert Peche caused the remains of his great 
 grandfather, Hamo Peche, and Alice, his wife, to be 
 disinterred, and buried in a marble tomb on the north 
 side of the great altar of the Priory Church. He 
 was a considerable benefactor to the Priory ; amongst 
 other things, he gave to this house the perpetual 
 advowson of the Church of St, George in Barnwell ; 
 and granted the canons, by deed dated at Barnwell the 
 first Sunday in Advent, 1256, free leave to electa Prior, 
 reserving to himself and his heirs merely the right of 
 confirmation, and a limited right of taking possession 
 during a vacancy. 
 
 It appears that the Church of St. Giles, which had 
 been built by Picot and attached to the Priory, had 
 been lost by the Prior and Convent of Barnwell, for at 
 Prior Robert's earnest importunity, William, Bishop of 
 Ely, restored it to them, when it was assigned for 
 defraying the charge for curing the sick canons and 
 bleeding those who were in health, 
 
 A hospital for lepers, called St. Mary Magdalene 
 Hospital, Sturbridge, was established in this parish 
 before 1199, at which date the lepers recovered in the 
 King's Court a free tenement in Comberton. To this 
 Hospital King John granted in 121 1 a Fair, in the 
 close of the said Plospital, on the Vigil and Feast 
 of the Holy Cross (13th and 14th of September). 
 From this grant is supposed to have originated the 
 famous Fair called Sturbridge Fair. 
 
 During the Prioratcs of William Dcvonicnses,
 
 '3 
 
 William dc Bedford, and Richard dc Burgh very little 
 progress appears to have been made in the buildings of 
 the monastery ; but in the Priorate of Lawrence de 
 Stanesfeld, a considerable eflbrt was made towards 
 their completion. In his time the following buildings 
 were erected : the chapel of St. Edmund, the refectory, 
 the great hall for guests, the granary, the bake-house, 
 the brew-house, the stables, the walls, the inner and 
 outer gates and the barns. He died at an advanced 
 age, and was buried at the entrance to the chapel of 
 St. Rlary. Nothing appears to have been done by 
 Henry de Eya, but Johan de Thorleye added a hand- 
 some appartment to the Prior's Lodge, a private chapel, 
 and part of the west side of the cloister. 
 
 In the Civil Wars between King Henry and his 
 Barons, the adherents of the insurgent barons com- 
 mitted great excesses at the Priory, and would have 
 burned down this house but for the intercession of 
 Sir Hugh Pechc and his brother. 
 
 In the evening of February 3, 1 287-8, a great tempest 
 arose, when a terrible flash of lightning struck the 
 Cross on the summit of the Tower of the Priory 
 Church, which not only destroyed the Tower, but set 
 fire also to the Choir, and did great damage to the 
 windows and other parts of the building. The wind 
 being very high, caused the sparks to lly upon the 
 neighbouring houses, and set fire to them. The fire 
 raged all that night and the next day. Through the 
 exertions of Robert de Hekitone, sacrist of the Church, 
 the repairs were almost completed in two years. 
 John de Kyrkebi, Bishop of Ely, performed the
 
 ceremony of reconciling the Church in March, 1288. 
 From the fire to the latter date service was performed 
 in St. Mary's Chapel. 
 
 Edward II. was at the Priory the i8th, 19th and 
 20th of February, 1325-6. 
 
 September 9th, 1388, Richard II. held a Parliament 
 at Barnwell Priory. Here it was that the King delivered 
 all the temporalities of the Bishopric of Ely to John 
 Fordham, whom he had preferred to that See. In 
 this Parliament, John Holland, the King's maternal 
 brother, was created Earl of Huntingdon. On the 
 29th of October, 1436, writs were issued by Henry VI. 
 convening a Parliament at Cambridge on the 21st of 
 January, 1436-7, but the place of meeting was changed 
 to Westminster; also on the 14th of December, 1446, 
 but the place was again changed to Bury St. Edmunds. 
 During the king's residence at the Priory, i6th of 
 October, 1438, he extended the duration of Midsummer 
 Fair. 
 
 Edward IV. v/as at Cambridge in 1463, and the 
 Queen in 1468. 
 
 John Willyamson was charged with having stolen 
 on the 18th of April, 1475, two silver gilt chalices from 
 the old Church of St. Andrew, Barnwell. 
 
 Synods of the diocese were frequently held in the 
 conventual Church. At one of them John Alcock, 
 Bishop of Ely, delivered a discourse, which he caused to 
 be printed with a curious punning title. In another 
 Synod held here, 9th July, 1528, the celebration of mass 
 in "rugged gownes" was prohibited, and Rectors and 
 Curates were forbidden to use the new translation
 
 15 
 
 of the Bible. About the close of 1529, Nicholas 
 West, Bishop of Ely, preached in the Church of this 
 Priory against Hugh Latimer, whose sermons in behalf 
 of the Reformation were then causing much con- 
 troversy. 
 
 Prior Nicholas Smith not agreeing with King 
 Henry VIIPs measures was compelled, in 1534, to resign 
 his oflice, as appears by the following record, which 
 being very characteristic of the King, may prove 
 interesting. It is extracted and translated from Bishop 
 Goodrich of Ely's Register: 
 
 " Henry the Eighth, by the Grace of God of 
 "England and France King, Defender of the 
 " Faith, Lord of Ireland, and of the Church of 
 " England, as well by the authority of the Synod 
 "as the Parliament Supreme Head, to the 
 " Reverend Father in Christ, Thomas, by Divine 
 "permission Bishop of Ely, greeting: Know 
 "that to the election lately made in our INIonastery 
 " or Priory of Barnwell, in your diocese, — whereby 
 " that wary and discreet man Master John Badcock, 
 " formerly Canon of the same place, w-as elected to 
 " the oflice of Prior, vacant by the free resigna- 
 "tion of Master Nicholas Smith, last Prior of 
 " that place, made into our hands and accepted 
 " by our authority, — we have granted our royal 
 " assent and favour : Wherefore we command 
 "you, by these presents, to confirm, ratify, and 
 "approve of this election by your authority in 
 " the usual form ; otherwise we shall take care to 
 " supply the defect arising from your i)rcceding
 
 16 
 
 "negligence, by ouf authority as suprerne head of 
 " the aforesaid church. — In witness whereof we 
 " have caused these our letters patent to be issued. 
 "Witness my hand at Westminster, this 24th of 
 "November, in the 26th year of our reign. By 
 " writ under our private seal, and the aforesaid 
 "authority of Parliament. 
 
 CrUmwell." 
 
 By virtue of the above patent John Badcock was 
 constituted Prior of Barnwell, and presented on the 
 24th of November, 1534, and continued in that office 
 till the dissolution, when he surrendered the Monastery 
 on the 8th of November, 1539, to Henry VIII., by 
 whom it was dissolved ; Badcock obtaining a Pension 
 of £^ per annum. He was the last Prior of Barnwell. 
 After the dissolution of his Monastery, and the death 
 of John Lacy and his Wife (who had taken a lease 
 of the lands and tythcs belonging to the dissolved 
 Priory in Cambridge and Barnwell, of King Henry VIII), 
 Badcock took the said lease and farmed the lands 
 and tythes. He appears to have continued his services 
 in this Church for many years as its Rector. He died 
 in 1562. 
 
 By an Inquisition in the Reign of Edward I. it 
 appeared that Sturbridgc Fair was granted by King 
 John to the Hospital of Lepers for the use and sub- 
 sistence of the Lepers dwelling therein. The Perpetual 
 Curate of St. Andrew the Less had usually been 
 appointed to the Office of Preacher at this Fair, but 
 in 17/0, a dispute arose between the Corporation of 
 Cambridge and the Patron of Barnwell rcs])ecting the
 
 '7 
 
 Hcfht of appointifig such Preacher. The Mayor ap- 
 pointed a Preacher ; the Patron and Minister protested 
 against such appointment. Eventually the Minister 
 of Barnwell gave notice to the people at the Fair that 
 the Services would, in future, be held in the Church, 
 and thus ended this mighty dispute.
 
 $ TtHn^i^ t\ pHtjntm^n. 
 
 P-lr-^iHE Village of Barnwell, after the dissolution 
 I'^M^^I ^^ ^^^ Priory, can scarcely be said to have 
 (f\l^lii had a history, so small was the ])lace. In 
 1728, there were only 181 persons in the 
 parish, which is about 10 miles in circumference; 
 and on the 30th of September 1731, the whole place, 
 except the Church and six houses, was destroyed 
 by fire. In 1794, there were 320 inhabitants, which 
 number, from some unascertained cause, again fell 
 in 1 80 1 to 225. August 14, 1807, the Royal assent 
 was given to an Act for inclosing the lands of this 
 parish, which was greatly opposed at the time ; but 
 it will be seen by reference to the accompanying table, 
 extracted from the Parliamentary Returns to the Popu- 
 lation Act, that the parish has from that period gone 
 on increasing with rapid strides :
 
 19 
 
 Year. 
 
 Houses. 
 
 I'crsons. 
 
 In- 
 
 habited. 
 
 Unin- 
 habited. 
 
 Build- 
 ing. 
 
 By how 
 
 many 
 
 Families 
 
 uccui,.c-d. 
 
 Males. 
 
 Females. 
 
 Total. 
 
 1801 
 
 79 
 
 •• 
 
 79 
 
 if>5 
 
 87 
 
 252 
 
 1811 
 
 95 
 
 385 
 
 I 
 
 7 
 37 
 
 102 
 
 194 
 
 217 
 
 411 
 
 1821 
 
 9 
 
 393 
 
 1062 
 
 1 149 
 
 22II 
 
 1S31 
 
 1419 
 
 83 
 
 16 
 
 1493 
 
 3235 
 
 3416 
 
 6651 
 
 1841 
 
 1953 
 
 260 
 
 21 
 
 
 4552 
 
 4934 
 
 9486 
 
 1851 
 
 2365 
 
 130 
 
 5 
 
 
 5624 
 
 6152 
 
 II776 
 
 1861 
 
 2553 
 
 137 
 
 7 
 
 
 5583 
 
 6265 
 
 IIS48 
 
 1871 
 
 3390 
 
 97 
 
 58 
 
 
 7610 
 
 8348 
 9900 
 
 15958 
 
 1881 
 
 4342 
 
 124 
 
 89 
 
 
 7610 
 
 21078 
 
 It should be known that the present Church, 
 commonly called the Abbey Church, was never a portion 
 of the before-mentioned Barnwell Priory Church. 
 That was of very large dimensions — said to have been 
 one of the largest in England — and very magnificent. 
 It contained several chapels; we find mention of the] 
 Chapels of St. Peter, St. IMary and St. Edmund, and 
 St. Hugh. The first notice of the so-called Abbey! 
 Church occurs in the Taxation of Pope Nicholas in I 
 1291; there it is called " Capella de Cernewelle,'* 
 the Chapel of Barnwell ; and the Prior of Barnwell 
 is stated to be the Rcclor thereof, which would not 
 
 *
 
 20 
 
 have been the case had it been a portion of the 
 Priory Church. The style of the architecture (Early 
 English) agrees with this period. It seems, therefore, 
 very probable that this Chapel was built for the special 
 
 V 
 
 use of the people of the village of Barnwell, and was 
 served by the Prior, as Rector, or one of his canons. 
 That may also account for its being left intact, whilst 
 the very foundations of the Priory itself have been 
 dug up and carted away. When the site of the Priory 
 was dug over in 1812, a vast number of slender pillars 
 of Purbeck marble were found, which would indicate 
 that in that portion of the Priory Church the Early 
 English style of architecture prevailed. Perhaps this 
 might have been the Lady Chapel, built about 1220. 
 Only one small portion -probably a part of the 
 Refectory — is at present left to speak of the style and
 
 21 
 
 former splendour of the Priory. It has plain lancet 
 ^vindo^vs and a very good vaulted roof. This building 
 and a piece of land surrounding it has been most 
 generously given by j\Ir. Joseph Sturton, of Cambridge, 
 to the Cambridge Antiquarian Society. 
 
 Edward VI. granted the monastic estate and rectorial 
 tythes to Edward Lord Clinton, and in the 14th year of 
 Queen Elizabeth the same property was in the hands 
 of Thomas Wendy, Esq., son of Dr. Wendy, of Hasling- 
 field, who, according to Masters' History of Corpus 
 Christi College, gave more than 182 loads of stone 
 from the late Priory of Barnwell to Bene't College to 
 build their Chapel (which is now the College Kitchen). 
 Tt is thought that we may date the destruction of 
 the Priory from this period. How long the Barnwell 
 priory Estate remained in the possession of Mr. Wendy's 
 family is not certain, but in 1659 it belonged to the 
 family of Chicheley of Wimpole, for in that year 
 Neville Alexander Butler obtained it, in exchange for 
 an estate at Orwell, from Sir Thomas Chicheley. 
 Mr. Butler then came hither to dwell, being the first 
 owner that lived on the estate since the dissolution. 
 The mansion, which bears the date of 1678, was 
 probably erected by him. The estate remained in the 
 ])Ossession of the Butler family until the year 1756, 
 when it was sold to Geo. Ristc, Esq. In 1763 it was 
 conveyed to Thomas Panton, Esq., under a settlement, 
 made on the marriage, in 1767, of his son, of the same 
 name. The estates ultimately passed to Priscilla 
 Barbara Elizabeth, Baroness Willoughby of Eresby, 
 Viiic of Peter Lord Gwydir, and the Hon. Peter Robert
 
 22 
 
 Drummond Ciirrell, their son, by whom it was sold in 
 1813 to Dr. Geldart. Soon after Dr. Gcldart came 
 into possession of the estate he built a church on the 
 ground now occupied by the Mill Road Cemetery. But 
 this, not long after the consecration of Christ Church, 
 was pulled down. The Rev. Geo. Fisk, of Corpus 
 iChristi College, used to preach at this Church. 
 
 The Abbey grounds were in 1886 purchased from 
 the Geldart family by Mr. Sturton, before referred 
 to, who has since made roads through the estate, 
 and sold most of the land in small building lots. 
 It is now fast being covered with houses. 
 
 About the year 1825 the Abbey Church appears to 
 have been allowed to fall sadly into decay, as on the 
 9th of February of that year the Court of King's Bench 
 discharged a Rule obtained by the Rev. Dr. Geldart 
 and others, calling on the Churchwardens of St. Andrew 
 the Less to shew cause why a Writ of Mandamus should 
 not issue commanding them to repair the Church of 
 that parish. In 1846, the structure had become so 
 dilapidated that it was obliged to be closed as unfit 
 for Divine Service. And an Instrument was executed 
 by the Church Building Commissioners, the Bishop of 
 Ely, the Patron, and the Incumbent, bearing date 
 26 January, 1846, making Christ Church the Church 
 of the Parish to all intents and purposes. In 1854, the 
 work of restoration was undertaken by the Cambridge 
 Architectural Society, and carried out with much 
 propriety. The Incorporated Society for Building 
 Churches contributed £1-^0 towards its restoration. 
 
 As Sunday Schools form an important factor in the
 
 23 
 
 solution of the difficult problem of successful parochial 
 organization, \vc may usefully relate the history of 
 their development in connection with Barnwell Parish. 
 On a Sunday morning, early in the Spring of 1827, 
 a party of undergraduates were discussing the question 
 as to the most profitable use of their Sunday leisure. 
 One of them suggested that a part of their time might 
 be given to the religious instruction of such young 
 children as they might be able to gather together for 
 that purpose. The sadly neglected condition of Barn- 
 well was pointed out, and the place as offering a suitable 
 field of work. After further deliberation, it was 
 resolved that a suitable room be secured in Cambridge, 
 to which the Barnwell children should be invited, and 
 a canvass of that parish be made at once by Messrs. 
 J. ]\I. Brown, A. W. Brown, W. Leeke (the father of the 
 present Chancellor Leeke), A. T. Carr, and J. W. Harden. 
 The efforts of these gentlemen were singularly suc- 
 cessful, and no less than 220 scholars were gathered 
 together in the Meeting House belonging to the 
 Society of Friends, under the charge of 20 gownsmen 
 as teachers, who were assisted by the wives of some 
 Fellow Commoners. Thus was commenced that organi- 
 zation of world-wide fame, which (owing to the situation 
 of the Friends' Meeting House in that locality) has ever 
 since been known as the "Jesus Lane Sunday School." 
 It was not to be wondered at that Barnwell should have 
 been selected as the place most in need of help, for the 
 dissolute and heathenish condition of the inhabitants 
 at that time was openly notorious. It is to be feared 
 that the bad name which was then, not undeservedly,
 
 24 
 
 applied to Barnwell has not yet been dissociated 
 from the place, although the earnest christian effort 
 ^v■hich has been expended for its benefit shows such 
 wonderfully good results. 
 
 In the year 1833 the Committee of Manageiiient 
 found that the accommodation afforded by the Friends' 
 Meeting House was insilfBcient for the increasing 
 number of children in attendance. Arrangements 
 were made with the Governors of the Old Schools 
 for the transfer of the enterprise to the building in 
 King Street, then occupied as an Elementary Day 
 School. Here the work was carried on with uninter- 
 rupted success for many years. In this School a 
 considerable number of future tulers in Church and 
 State, as well as a numerous company of parochial 
 clergymen, obtained an excellent insight into an 
 important branch of religious and philanthropic work. 
 
 In 1 865 E. T. Leeke, B.A., of Trinity College, became 
 Superintendent, when the question of better accom- 
 modation was again mooted. It was finally agreed 
 to erect School Rooms for the special use of this 
 unique organization. The work was at once undertaken, 
 and on October 31, 1867, the New Building situated 
 in Paradise Street was opened, and with the increased 
 accommodation has afforded scope for many different 
 kinds of work. Within its walls are carried on a 
 Higher Grade Boys' School (originated by Mr. Leeke), 
 which educates about 250 boys; a dozen or more 
 Bible Classes ; together with a valuable and prosperous 
 Institute, which provides for lads and young men an 
 admirable scries of Educational Classes — concerning
 
 25 
 
 which a few words must be added. There was about 
 this time a pretty general feeling among the Super- 
 intendent and Bible Class Teachers of this School 
 that there was a want of some means of seeing the 
 elder members oftener, so as to know each other better, 
 and help one another forward. So the Youths' Club, 
 or, as it is now called, the Albert Institute, was 
 established by A. E. Humphreys, M.A., Fellow of 
 Trinity College, and Superintendent of the Jesus Lane 
 Sunday School, in January, 1872, and has nourished 
 very vigorously with 150 members annually ever since. 
 The object of the Club may be defined as the religious, 
 intellectual, moral and social improvement of working 
 lads, chiefly those employed in offices, warehouses and 
 shops. The means adopted to effect this object being 
 (i) a reading room; (2) a lending library, furnished 
 with books that youths icill read and find interesting ; 
 (3) educational classes; (4) fortnightly lectures; (5) brass 
 and flute bands, hand-bell company and glee society ; 
 (6) cricket and rowing clubs, with athletics and 
 swimming in the summer season. 
 
 The educational classes, five years after its establish- 
 ment, comprised drawing, reading, writing, dictation, 
 arithmetic, French, Latin, shorthand, English history, 
 electricity, elocution, and divinity. Prizes for Bible 
 questions, essays, chess and draught tournaments, &c., 
 were also given. 
 
 INLiny similar Clubs and Institutes have since been 
 founded on its model by University teachers who have 
 worked in it. 
 
 When the new Schoolrooms were opened, an animated 
 
 u
 
 26 
 
 discussion was carried on at the Teachers' Conference 
 as to "the advisability of having Special Sunday Services 
 for children" ; but it was not till 1872 that the Super- 
 intendent (Mr. Humphreys) announced that it was 
 contemplated to build a Children's Church in Wellington 
 Street. This was set about with a will. Collections 
 from the University and town were energetically made 
 and the required sum of /"i 200 raised. The Bishop of 
 Ely (Dr. Harold Browne) laid the Memorial Stone, and 
 gave a plain and earnest address to a large audience 
 gathered in the street. The Church, dedicated to 
 St. John, was opened in May, 1873, and is used as 
 a Children's and Mission Church. 
 
 The year 1877 was the Fiftieth Anniversary of these 
 Schools ; and the Committee held a Jubilee Service, at 
 which most of the Old Superintendents and Teachers 
 were present. The present Teachers appealed to their 
 predecessors to join them in raising some permanent 
 Memorial and Thank-offering for past mercies, the 
 outcome of which appeal was that a Building was 
 raised which serves for Bible-Classes on Sundays, 
 and in the week for the Albert Institute. The Building 
 is of two storeys, affording two large Reading Rooms, 
 three Class Rooms, and a Gymnasium. 
 
 The Schools on the East Road were established in 
 1835. They were built by, and under the management 
 of, the Governors of the Old Schools in Cambridge. 
 The Vicar of the Parish is an ex-ofiicio Governor of 
 these most excellent and beneficial Schools. 
 
 In the several transfers of the Priory estate the 
 owner became in right thereof the patron of the
 
 27 
 
 parochial church ; but the advowson of the benefice, 
 formerly a donative curacy, was parted with in 1835 by 
 Dr. Geldart to the Rev. Chas. Perry (afterwards Bishop 
 of Melbourne), who became the Patron. Although he 
 threw himself heartily into Evangelistic work in the 
 Parish of Barnwell, he never held the Living, but in 
 1837 appointed the Rev. Thomas Boodle, M.A., of 
 Trinity College, to the Incumbency.
 
 i|mi iIjurJ|, ^arnuii^Il 
 
 HE needs of a growing population, which now 
 .1 numbered between 7000 and 8000 inhabitants, 
 ^'^''0k with church accommodation for less than 500, 
 had led to the undertaking of a scheme for 
 the erection of two additional places of worship. The 
 one known as Christ Church was the first built, at a cost 
 of /'3800, which, by the energy and zeal of Mr. Perry, 
 was raised by subscription — towards which he con- 
 tributed £zoo. The ancient structure, which had for 
 several centuries served the purpose of a parochial 
 church, was at this time in a ruinous condition ; and 
 indeed, in 1846, it became necessary to close it 
 altogether, as unfit for Divine service. 
 
 Christ Church was opened for service on the 
 24th of May, 1839, and consecrated by Dr. Allen,
 
 29 
 
 Bishop of Ely, on the 27th of June in the same year. 
 The other Church, St. Paul's, on the Hills' Road, was 
 opened for service on the 17th of May, 1843, and 
 consecrated by the same Bishop on the 15th of 
 October, 1 844.. The cost of erection was also defrayed 
 by subscription, Mr. Perr^ giving a like sum (/^2oo) 
 towards it. The architect of both these Churches was 
 Ambrose Poynter, Esq. 
 
 The Rev. Tiios. Boodle (who had been for the last 
 two years Incumbent of the Abbey Church) became the 
 first Vicar of Christ Church. lie was a hartl working, 
 painstakini; man, whose heart must often have sunk
 
 30 
 
 within him at the herculean task which lay before him 
 — the attempt to cope with the enormous amount of 
 iniquity which was rampant at that time in Barnwell, 
 He visited much in the Parish, and many and many a 
 family were blessed by his bright smile and fatherly 
 advice. He was always ready to rejoice at their pros- 
 perity or to sympathize with their distress. 
 
 In 1838 the Cambridge Refuge, an Institution for 
 the reformation of unfortunate women who have 
 strayed from the path of virtue, was established. It is 
 principally supported by voluntary contributions. 
 
 It appears that Mr. Boodle was for some time non- 
 resident, but resigned the incumbency at the beginning 
 of 1845. 
 
 On the 1 8th of February of the same year Mr. Perry 
 oflFered the living to the Rev. Jonathan Holt Titcomb, 
 M.A., St. Peter's College, and in April he was presented 
 to the Incumbency, Mr. Perry guaranteeing an income 
 of ^150. There was at that time a population of 
 about 7,000, formed, for the most part, of the most 
 heterogeneous character. In certain parts of the parish 
 vice abounded, and it would not be too much to say 
 that there were localities in which decent persons 
 would have been ashamed to have been seen. Much 
 had been done by Battiscombe, Fisk, Boodle, and Lane, 
 but most of all perhaps by the Teachers of the Jesus 
 Lane and other Schools, who had laid such firm hold 
 of the minds of the young. When Mr. Titcomb 
 began his ministry he found a half-empty church, with 
 about sixty communicants. Much of his after success 
 depended on the fact that he never allowed himself to
 
 3' 
 
 be distracted by any new plan till he had llioroughly 
 consolidated the object on which he was then engaged. 
 In July he opened Cottage Lectures in four different 
 parts of the parish, thus many, who never entered the 
 House of God, had the Gospel brought to them. A 
 goodly staft" of District Visitors, among whom the 
 whole parish was mapped out, was shortly raised. 
 About this time the Church Pastoral Aid Society made 
 him a grant towards a Curate and a Lay Assistant. 
 
 The Church was soon filled, and the number of 
 communicants greatly increased. The three Sunday 
 Schools, superintended by undergraduates, were well 
 attended and well manned with teachers. 
 
 On the I St of January, 1846, he began his sermons 
 to children, when he addressed some 500 or 600, 
 which he continued monthly during the whole of 
 his ministry. A Provident Society was opened, two 
 working parties of ladies for the poor were held, and a 
 special effort was made for the female outcasts of the 
 parish ; by February the number of communicants had 
 increased to 130. 
 
 As far as outward appearances went there were 
 manifest indications of prosperity, and of a revival of 
 religious interest and life in the parish ; but there was 
 one subject which pressed heavily upon his mind — the 
 impossibility of bringing the message of the Gospel to 
 those who never attended church or any means of 
 grace. After much prayer, due consideration and taking 
 advice of friends, he determined upon trying open-air 
 preaching. His plea was based on the following con- 
 siderations : I. The Bible authorises ii. 2. Eccle-
 
 32 
 
 siaslical usage sanctions it. 3. The state of the parish 
 requires it. 4. Ministerial responsibility demands it. 
 5. Love for the Church of England invites it. Strong 
 in his own con\-ictions, he made his first attempt on 
 13th June, 1 85 1, at the back of New Street. From his 
 own words we know he had no reason to be cast down 
 at the result of his first attempt. He says, " It pleased 
 God to bring to that hallowed spot (for so I must call it) 
 
 not less than 2,000 souls The attention was 
 
 beyond my expectation. Many of those rough men, 
 whom I thought would interrupt me, had tears rolling 
 down their furrowed cheeks when they heard of their 
 dear Redeemer's love." This open-air preaching was 
 extended to many parts of the parish, but he had 
 hitherto shrunk, on account of its apparent hopelessness, 
 from the duty of preaching on Midsummer Common 
 at the time of the Fair. In 1857 he resolved upon 
 attempting this, and took up his post about 200 yards 
 from the booths, and preached to large assemblies for 
 the five nights of the fair. 
 
 Early in 1859 Mr. Titcomb accepted the office of 
 English Secretary to the Christian Vernacular Education 
 Society. In March he entered upon his new duties, 
 though he did not finally leave Cambridge till Mid- 
 summer. He preached his farewell sermon on the 
 3rd Sunday in June. 
 
 The Rev. Charles Kirki5Y Robinson, M.A., Fellow 
 of Catharine College, succeeded Mr. Titcomb as Vicar 
 of St. Andrew the Less. He was Inducted to the Living 
 in 1859, at which time he found a well-filled church, and 
 during the time of his residence amongst us he kept
 
 33 
 
 the congregation well together; but after about two 
 and a half years he resigned the Living, in consequence 
 of his being elected to the Mastership of his College, 
 and the church was for about six months without 
 a pastor. 
 
 The Living was then offered to and accepted by the 
 Rev. George WARiiURTON Weldon, M.A., Trinity 
 College, Dublin, who has very kindly responded to the 
 request for information concerning the parish during 
 his residence in it, by giving a very lucid and interesting 
 account, which it is thought best to publish in his own 
 words: — 
 
 " Having been requested to give an account of the 
 condition of the Parish of St. Andrew the Less when 
 I was appointed to it in the year 1862, the following 
 summary may be deemed sufficient. 
 
 "As to the part acted by myself in the organisation 
 of the parish I desire to say as little as possible. 
 Whatever measure of success may have attended the 
 labours of those who took a prominent part in the 
 work, humanly speaking, is due to my valued friend — 
 the Rev. W. J. Beamont, Vicar of St. IMichacl's and 
 Senior Fellow of Trinity College. He was the prime 
 mover in bringing about the success which attended 
 the work of Church Extension in Barnwell. That this 
 was so, will be seen from the following facts : 
 
 " It would be impossible to exaggerate the low esti- 
 mate in which certain portions of the parish of Barnwell 
 was held in the year 1862. Streets rejoicing in the 
 nomenclature of such illustrious and historical names 
 as those of Wellington and Nelson were sunk in a very 
 
 E
 
 34 
 
 low state of demoralisation. In these streets there was 
 not, I believe, a single house that was not the resort 
 of characters of bad repute. I have witnessed scenes 
 in these localities, even in open day, that could hardly 
 be credited. Those places, by a kind of tacit consent, 
 were abandoned to vice. Nelson Street went by the 
 name of 'Devil's Row.' These were the worst streets, 
 but there were other parts of the parish, not perhaps 
 so notorious, still equally disreputable. There were 
 a few streets off East Road where Proctorial visits were 
 matters of almost nightly occurrence. The name of 
 Barnwell had fallen into such disrepute that, when a 
 district Post OfBce had been opened in the street 
 immediately opposite the Vicarage, a deputation of the 
 inhabitants waited upon me to request that I should 
 apply to the Post Office authorities to ask them not 
 to have the letters from the parish, that passed through 
 that Post Office, stamped with the name of Barnwell 
 on the envelope. When I asked why there was so 
 much objection raised to it, I was told that ' friends 
 at a distance did not like it to be known that letters 
 came to them from a place which bore so bad a 
 character.' Accordingly, I wrote to Mr., afterwards 
 Sir Andrew Trollope, whose official position in connec- 
 tion with Post Office matters was likely to secure the 
 desired result. His reply was somewhat characteristic 
 of the well-known writer. In a serio-comic vein he 
 good-humouredly referred to the improved tone which 
 the Church Extension scheme had at the date of his 
 letters produced in the locality, and he adds, 'in a 
 purified Barnwell we may hope that the name will ere
 
 35 
 
 long be looked upon as an honourable distinction.' 
 I do not know that I coukl state any fact more strikingly 
 suggestive of the ill-omened repute which the parish 
 bore at the time of my being appointed to it. No 
 wonder that the Trustees had in vain offered the Living 
 to clergyman after clergyman when the apjiointment 
 of the present Master of St. Catharine's to that College 
 caused a vacancy in the parish of St. Andrew the Less. 
 Five months and a fortnight had elapsed from the date 
 of Canon Robinson's resignation, and still no one 
 could be found willing to accept the responsibility of 
 the position. It was at that juncture that I received 
 a letter from my friend, the Reverend Henry Venn. 
 He stated that my name had been mentioned to the 
 Trustees by Canon Hoare, of Tunbridge Wells, and he 
 also informed me that unless a nomination were made 
 within a fortnight the appointment would lapse to the 
 Bishop of the diocese. He then asked me to call upon 
 him at the Church Missionary House the following 
 day. In the interview which then took place, I must 
 do Mr. Venn the justice to say that he painted the 
 parish of Barnwell in the substance and coloring of its 
 real character. So much so that he suggested that 
 I should go down at once and look at the position 
 before accepting it, lest I should be disappointed. IMy 
 reply was as follows : ' No, I shall not go down. If 
 you have no one else, I am ready and willing to accept 
 the offer, and, until I am actually ii;stitutcd, I will not 
 visit the parish.' 
 
 '• The usual formalities were gone through ; and 
 accordingly, on the 14th February, 1S62, my License
 
 36 
 
 was duly made out and signed by the Bishop of 
 Ely. 
 
 " The following Sunday I visited the parish Church 
 for the first time, quite unofficially. On my way to the 
 Church before morning service I happened to meet 
 the son of an old friend in the street, an undergraduate 
 of Emmanuel College. When I told him where I was 
 going, and the reason, he was greatly surprised, and 
 said what I cannot easily forget, ' What 1 going to the 
 parish of Barnwell — you don't mean to say so. Why, 
 it would be better for you to go among the Zulus. 
 You have no idea of the kind of place you are going 
 to. No undergraduate not engaged in parish work 
 could be seen there without the taint of suspicion.' 
 
 " Such was the character of Barnwell as it was in 
 1862, both on the testimony of the inhabitants them- 
 selves and the townspeople of Cambridge. In fact, 
 the name of Barnwell was almost a term of reproach, 
 and people used to speak of it with a certain air of 
 apologetic hesitancy. 
 
 " My predecessors had done much — very much — for 
 the benefit of the parish, but the increase of the popu- 
 lation was out of all proportion to the machinery for 
 parochial organisation such as the exigencies of the 
 case demanded. In 1821 there were 221 1 inhabitants 
 in the parish, in 1831 there were 6651, and in i86'2 
 there were close upon 13000. When I was appointed I 
 found only one Curate, and he not a member of the 
 University ; the other Curate, the Rev. Henry Collis, left 
 just before I entered upon my duties, so that I found 
 before me only the Curate of the advanced age of sixty
 
 37 
 
 years and one Scripturc-rcadcr. There was quite a 
 small army of parish workers, who laboured with an 
 intelligence and ability suited to the importance of the 
 demands made upon them by so large a population. 
 
 " At that time the church accommodation consisted 
 of Christ Church, capable of holding 1400 persons; 
 the Abbey Church, about 120 ; and a very little Mission 
 Room in Gas Lane, where services were held by laymen 
 for the benefit of the very poorest of the population in 
 a building not capable of holding more than twenty j 
 people. There were three Sunday Schools — the Abbey, 
 Gas Lane, and Jesus Lane, at that time situated in 
 King's Street in an adjoining parish. In these Schools 
 there were between 1700 and 1800 children. About a 
 hundred undergraduates one way or another worked in 
 Term-time in the parish, and out of Term their places 
 were taken by teachers living on the spot. Of lady 
 teachers and district visitors there were between seventy 
 and eighty, exclusive of supernumeraries. 
 
 " Such was the condition of Barnwell as I found it. 
 What Barnwell is to-day in the year 1889, one has only 
 to look round in order to form a proper estimate. In 
 1862 there were men and women living there who had 
 never entered any place of worship. Many had never 
 been baptized. I had a list of names, numbering some 
 hundreds, who, though living together as husbands 
 and wives, had never been married. The place where 
 now stands St. Matthew's Church was the rendezvous 
 of gij)sies, cinder-sifters, cadgers, and Bohemians of 
 all kinds, as wild, indeed some of them wilder, than the 
 children uf the prairie. Let any one now look at St.
 
 38 
 
 Matthew's Church and its surroundings, and he will 
 find it hard to believe the account I have here given 
 of what the locality was like in the year to which 
 I refer. 
 
 "I desire emphatically to give the honour of the 
 great work of successful Missionary labours carried out 
 during my years of office to those who worked with me 
 in the parish. First upon the list I place my friend 
 Beamont, Soon after I went into residence he proposed 
 to me a scheme of Church Extension, which I gladly 
 accepted. The case at this time stood thus. The 
 Church Pastoral Aid Society allowed a grant of £^oo 
 a year. The Living was worth only £tzo from all 
 sources. By Mr. Beamont's persistent efforts the Uni- 
 versity granted me £ ^oo a year to procure additional 
 Curates, and after a sermon preached by Dr. Vaughan 
 before the University, some Fellows of their Colleges 
 very generously volunteered their parochial services. 
 Thus, in a little time we had as many as seven Curates, 
 including volunteers and regulars, working in the parish. 
 And this state of things continued with but little inter- 
 mission up to the time of my resignation in the year 
 1869. Had it not been for the liberal grant from the 
 University Chest, the work could not have been carried 
 out as successfully as it has been. The Barnwell of 
 to-day is so unlike the Barnwell of a quarter of a century 
 ago that those who do not know its past history can 
 form no adequate idea of the wonderful change that 
 has passed over the place. No one could possibly 
 realise the difference between Gas Lane as it is and Gas 
 Lane as it was, except those who can call to mind the
 
 39 
 
 history of the past. At that time, when the foundations 
 of St. Matthew's Church were being hiid, the site was 
 strongly objected to, because it was so much out of the 
 way, and in the very outskirts of the parish. It was 
 actually in the fields, and not a single house beyond it. 
 But, look at it now, with a new town built all round 
 it, and a new po{)ulation added to old Barnwell, new 
 schools, new Mission rooms, and all sorts of parochial 
 machinery in masterly activity. When I visited the 
 place in 1882, I was so bewildered with the new streets 
 that I could not easily find my way. It was a pleasant 
 surprise to me to find that Wellington Row had under- 
 gone such complete moral fumigation that, owing to 
 the energy of Canon Leeke, a children's Church had 
 been built there, and has been since used every Sunday 
 for Special Services. Hen mutatus ! 
 
 " When the University voted their generous grant, 
 it occurred to some of us that it might be well to 
 divide the parish into four districts and to give one 
 to each of the regular Curates. The districts were 
 as follows : — 
 
 (i) Christ Church, with about 3500 people. 
 
 (2) The Abbey Church, with about 3000. 
 
 (3) Gas Lane, with about 3000. 
 
 (4) East Road district, with about 2500. 
 
 " These several districts were worked regularly by 
 the Clergy specially set apart for them, so that they 
 were in sole charge as quasi-incumbents. 
 
 " With grateful, though in some instances with 
 sorrowful memory, I call to mind the vanished past — 
 the days that are no more, and my clerical brethren, my
 
 40 
 
 friends and fellow-labourers, some of whom are gone to 
 their rest and to their reward. Others are settled down 
 in quiet country parishes, or have been elected to posi- 
 tions of useful prominence. To all who still survive, 
 and who may perhaps read these lines, I desire to renew 
 my heartfelt thanks, and to assure them, wherever they 
 are, that neither time nor place have dimmed the 
 recollections of the days that are gone, or of the old 
 associations of parish work in which during those seven 
 years we were so pleasantly and usefully engaged. 
 
 " For my own part, all I can say is that, in looking 
 back upon my past experience of parochial work in 
 Barnwell, I have done not what I wished to do 
 exactly, but the best I could under the circumstances, 
 and I heartily wish that it had been better." 
 
 It was in Mr. Weldon's time that the Weekly 
 Offertory was established. 
 
 Upon the resignation of Mr. Weldon, a successor 
 ■was found in the person of the Rev. Edward Tucker 
 Leeke, M.A., Fellow of Trinity College and Superin- 
 tendent of the Jesus Lane Sunday Schools. He was 
 Instituted by Dr. Edward Harold Browne, Bishop of 
 Ely, at Ely House, London, on the 23rd of June, 
 1869; Inducted to the Living, in the following week, 
 by the Rev. Dr. Campion of Queens' College, Rural 
 Dean ; and read himself in on the morning of Sunday, 
 July 4, 1869. 
 
 A Mission was commenced on the 17th of February, 
 1870, which lasted until the 23rd. The Rev. E. H. 
 McNeile was the principal Missioner, assisted by many 
 Clergy and laymen.
 
 4' 
 
 At Mr. Lccke's request, the Churchwardens called a 
 meeting of seat-holders on June 21, 1871, to ascertain 
 Iheir views as to the re-seating of the Church with 
 open benches in lieu of the then shut-up pews. Open 
 oak benches were put in at the South end (the Church 
 standing North and South), facing East and West, 
 The front and the backs of the seats in the galleries 
 were reduced in height ; the pulpit removed from the 
 middle of the Church to one side, and the reading desk 
 to the other, a lectern being placed in the position 
 formerly occupied by the pulpit ; thus giving the Church 
 the appearance of a House of Prayer rather than that 
 of a Preaching-house. No further steps, however, were 
 taken at that time to re-seat the remaining portion of 
 the Church. 
 
 The Communicants' Prayer Union was instituted in 
 October of the same year. 
 
 It was in 1872 that some not over respectable 
 houses in Wellington Street were for sale, and were 
 secured for the purpose of building a Children's and 
 Mission Church, which was licensed May 26, 1873, and 
 is still used for that purpose. It has proved a light 
 in a dark place ; and has changed, not only the 
 character of the neighbourhood, but also that of the 
 people living in it. 
 
 During the week of March 2 — 9, 1873, a second 
 Mission was held in this parish, the principal Missioncrs 
 on this occasion being the Rev. T. H. Wilkinson, Rev. 
 H. J. Carter, and Rev. J. S. Jones, assisted as before 
 by many able and willing hands. 
 
 Soon after the time of the Mission, a requisition, 
 
 V
 
 42 
 
 signed by a number of young people of both sexes, 
 ■was sent in to Mr. Leeke, asking for an early cele- 
 bration of the Holy Communion, as many of them 
 were unable to attend that in the midday service. 
 This being quite in accordance with his own wishes, 
 he consulted a meeting of the members of the Church, 
 the majority of whom agreeing with him the service 
 was commenced, and is still fairly attended. 
 
 On the Qth of March, 1873, Bishop Harold Browne 
 held an Ordination in this Church, when two candi- 
 dates were admitted to the Priesthood and one to the 
 office of Deacon. 
 
 Mainly through the kind offices of the present 
 Bishop of Durham the sum granted by the Committee 
 of the Barnwell and Chesterton Curates' Fund was 
 increased, so as to give extra Curates to the rapidly 
 increasing Parish. 
 
 Two Schools were added to those already in 
 existence : one in Eden Street (a Higher Grade School 
 for Girls), the other on ground at the back of St. 
 John's Mission Church, in Wellington Street — the 
 latter in 1875. 
 
 Upon the Consecration of Dr. Benson to the 
 See of Truro, the Prime Minister offered the Chan- 
 cellorship of Lincoln Cathedral, together with a 
 Canonry, to Mr. Leeke, who, after some hesita- 
 tion, agreed to accept the promotion awarded to 
 him. He sent in his resignation at the beginning of 
 October, 1877, and preached his farewell sermon on the 
 7th of the same month. 
 
 The Rev. Henry Trotter, M.A., Corpus Christi
 
 43 
 
 College, Cambridge, next succeeded to the Living. He 
 came into residence as soon as the Rev. E. T. Leeke 
 left, in the Autumn of the year, and held the Living 
 until the end of 1883, when he was appointed to the 
 Rectory of Trowbridge, Wilts. 
 
 In order to increase the interest of the lay members 
 of the congregation in Church work, the ancient custom 
 of Synod's men was revived, forming a consultative 
 Church Council. 
 
 In the early part of the year 1878 work was begun, 
 at the suggestion of Mr. Allnutt, who was Curate at 
 that time, in the neglected district of Rifle Butts Row ; 
 then one long ro.w of cottages and a few scattered 
 houses, across the railway on th\e path to Cherry-. 
 hinton. A cottage was rented and accommodated 
 for use for Week-day and Sunday Schools, Mission 
 Services, and Coffee-room. From a small beginning 
 this work expanded. St. Philip's School Church was 
 built and licensed by the Bishop. On the death of 
 Dr. Geldart, IMaster of Trinity Hall, tho property 
 adjacent to Butt's Row was sold for building purpo^es^^ 
 and a large population quickly spran,g up as houses 
 were built. A piece of land was secured in the centre, 
 St. Philip's Church was taken down and re-erected 
 upon it ; and now, we are happy to say, a new and 
 larger church is being built. The work there was 
 carried on by the following gentlemen, who were 
 licensed by the Bishop : Messrs. Daintree, Maxlow, 
 and L. Bomford ; while the Hon. INIrs. Sugden, jMrs. 
 Weymouth, and Mrs, L. Bomford materially assisted 
 in the good work.
 
 4+ 
 
 During the laying of the branch railway from the 
 Barnwell Junction, a strong effort was made to obtain 
 the use of the Leper Church for Divine Service. A 
 commission was appointed by the University, including 
 Dr. Campion, Rural Dean. Unfortunately no practical 
 result followed. Let us hope that some day it may 
 be restored to its proper use. 
 
 The Sunday Schools of the parish continued to be 
 well worked, and the annual gatherings, in which the 
 Jesus Lane Sunday School took part, produced the 
 same enthusiasm and entailed the same careful pre- 
 paration as of yore. At the Centenary of Sunday 
 Schools, which took place in 1880, the St. Andrew the 
 Less contingent held its own and was not surpassed 
 by any other parish. 
 
 In January, 1880, a Ten Days' Mission was held by 
 the Rev. W. H. Aitkin at Christ Church, which left 
 lasting blessings behind it. The Mission included the 
 Abbey and St. John's Churches, where other Missioners 
 held Services. 
 
 Evangelistic Services were carried on systematically 
 in the open air ; and, during the annual Fairs held on 
 Midsummer Common, a large tent was pitched, in 
 •which Services were held, and a free breakfast given 
 to the travelling Fair-people and their children. 
 
 The work of parochial visitation was ably supple- 
 mented by the Staff of District Visitors and Bible-women. 
 The temperance work in the parish was advanced 
 by the erection of the Coffee Palace on the East Road. 
 The work of the Lidustrial Dwellings Company 
 helped forward the cause of morality in providing
 
 45 
 
 better houses for the working classes in Cambridge, 
 and St. Andrew the Less parish profited by its opera- 
 tions ; and we must not omit the quiet beneficent work 
 of rescue and reform carried on among a class for 
 which at one time the parish was notorious. Many 
 of the worst houses were closed. 
 
 The Rev. Arthur Henry Delme Radcliffe, M.A., 
 Trinity College, Cambridge, was the next Vicar. He 
 was inducted to the Living by the Archdeacon of Ely 
 in April, 188+. ]Many alterations and improvements 
 ■were made during his time. 
 
 First we would mention the improvements made in 
 the Church itself. The pews had long been an eyesore 
 to many members of the congregation, and it was 
 thought that the time had arrived when a change 
 might be made acceptably to all. The Vicar, Church- 
 wardens, and Sidesmen therefore formed themselves 
 into a Committee to solicit subscriptions towards 
 re-seating the Church with open benches of pitch-pine. 
 The appeal was liberally responded to, and the work 
 undertaken and successfully carried out by Mr. Leach. 
 A new Altar-cloth, beautifully worked, had but a short 
 time before been subscribed for by the congregation. 
 
 About this time one member of the congregation 
 presented an electro-silver alms-dish, made to match 
 the Communion-service ; whilst another presented one 
 of brass. This involved the necessity of substituting 
 offertory bags for the boxes which had been so long 
 in use. 
 
 A considerable addition was made to the Vicarage 
 house, chiefly by means of a loan uf /^750 from
 
 46 
 
 Queen Anne's Bounty, by which the house was made 
 roomy and comfortable. 
 
 An alteration was made in the constitution of the 
 Parochial Branch of the Church IMissionary Society, 
 by which an Annual Parochial Meeting and Sale of 
 Work was held ; which, under God's blessing, con- 
 centrated the interest, and resulted in the amount 
 raised for the Society being more than double that of 
 former years. 
 
 A Branch of the Girls' Friendly Society was formed 
 by Mrs. Delm6 Radcliffe, most efficiently assisted by 
 other ladies in the Parish; it numbered about 130 
 members and 40 candidates. This Society is believed 
 to have been a great blessing to many girls. 
 
 There was a large increase in the number of 
 members of the Band of Hope, chiefly owing to the 
 exertions of the Curates and the ladies who helped 
 them. 
 
 Also a Brass Band was formed, which is now 
 attached to the Youth's Branch of the Temperance 
 Society. 
 
 In consequence of the large increase of the number 
 of houses on the Abbey estate it was thought advisable 
 to take steps towards the enlargement of the Abbey 
 Church, and a Committee was formed and Plans 
 obtained for the purpose of ascertaining how the 
 enlargement could best be carried out without injury to 
 the present edifice. 
 
 In December, 1888, Mr. Delme Ratcliffe accepted 
 the Vicarage of St. John's, Paddington, and preached 
 his farewell sermon, to a very crowded church, on the
 
 47 
 
 last Sunday of February, 18S9. He was a man \vho 
 Avon the hearts of his parishioners by his kind and 
 gentle manners, and great and real was the grief of 
 many when the news was spread of his departure from 
 among them. 
 
 The Rev. John Gilp-ert Dixon, i\I.A., of Gonville 
 and Caius College, who is the present Vicar, succeeded. 
 He was inducted to the Living by the Archdeacon of 
 Ely on the i6th of April, 1889. 
 
 It is much to be regretted that on the appointment 
 of the new Vicar the Committee of the Barnwell and 
 Chesterton Curates' Fund felt it necessary to reduce 
 the Grant towards the stipends of the Clerical Staff 
 of this populous Parish.
 
 
 Priors of Barnwell. 
 
 1092 — Geoffrey of Huntingdon. He survived the re- 
 moval to Barnwell, where he was buried, 
 
 1 1 1 3 — 'Gerard. In his time many apartments were built, 
 and the Church carried on with diligence. 
 
 . . . . — Richard Norrell, or Noel, resigned after two 
 years and went to France. 
 
 1115 — Hugh Domesman, a Canon, Prior twenty years, 
 died of consumption. 
 
 1 1 35 — Robert Joel, Prior 33 years, buried at Barnwell. 
 
 1 197 — Another Robert occurs. 
 
 1207 — William Devonienses, died 25 Jan. 1213-14, 
 buried at Barnwell.
 
 49 
 
 1213 — William de Bedford, Sacrist, appointed Nov. 2, 
 
 12 1 3, died a few days after his instalment, 
 
 buried at Barnwell. 
 12 14 — Richard de Burgh, died soon after election, 
 
 buried at Barnwell. 
 12 15 — Laurence de Stanesfeld, built most of the offices 
 
 and the Chapel of St. Edmund, died 1252, 
 
 buried at Barnwell. 
 1253 — Henry de Eye, resigned in the third year of his 
 
 Priorate, died 1270, buried at Barnwell. 
 1256 — Jolan de Thorleye, resigned 1266, buried at 
 
 Barnwell. 
 
 1266 — Simon de Ascellis, M.A. Oxon., resigned 1297, 
 died the same year, buried at Barnwell. 
 
 1297 — Benedict de Welton, resigned 13 16, 
 
 1316 — Fulk, elected Dec. 3, 13 16. 
 
 1330 — John de Quye, alias Oxney, Canon of Ely. 
 
 1 340 — John de Brunne. 
 
 1350 — Ralph de Norton, received temporalities July i. 
 
 1383 — Thomas de Canterbury. 
 
 1 392 — ^John Bernewelle, alias Outlawe. 
 
 1408 — William Downe, died 1428. 
 
 1428 — John Chatcriz, received temporalities Dec. 3. 
 
 1434 — John Page, received temporalities March 22, 
 1434-5- 
 
 1 44 1 — John Poket, died Aug. 28, 1464, buried at 
 Barnwell. 
 
 1464 — ^John Whaddon, resigned Nov. 10, 1474. 
 
 G
 
 50 
 
 1474 — William Tcbald, or Thibaud. He was Canon in 
 1454, and Sub-Prior the same year, and till 
 
 1474. 
 
 1489 — John Leveryington, Precentor 1474. 
 
 1495 — William Rayson, alias Cambridge, received tem- 
 poralities Feb. 14, 1489-90. 
 
 1522 — Thomas Rawlyn, alias Cambridge, Canon regular, 
 was ordained Sub-Deacon 1490, resigned after 
 1523, but when is doubtful, died 1543. 
 
 1527 — Nicholas Smith, compelled to resign 1534, was 
 living in 1551. 
 
 1534 — John Badcock, who was the last Prior of Barn- 
 well, yielded up his Priory Nov. 8, 1539, to 
 Henry VHL, died about 1562. 
 
 Perpetual Curates of St. Andrew the Less, 
 Barnwell. 
 1620 — Francis Hobman. 
 1620 — Ralph Rotheram. 
 1 63 1 — John Goldson. 
 1 646 — Thomas Tififord. 
 
 1649 — William Bagley, died 1665. 
 
 * * * 
 
 1 67 1 — John Moore, D.D., Sidney, Bishop of Norwich, 
 afterwards Bishop of Ely, was Vicar at this 
 date. 
 
 * * * 
 
 1709 — William Piers. 
 
 17 14 — Robert Alfounder, B.D., Emmanuel College.
 
 51 
 
 lyzo — William Eullcr, B.A., Emmanuel College, died 
 
 at Cli(T, Kent, May 22, 1731, aged 36 years. 
 * # * 
 
 1754 — Richard Hurd, D.D., Emmanuel College, Bishop 
 
 of Lichfield, afterwards of Worcester, died 
 
 May 28, 1808. 
 1757 — Richard Richardson. 
 1762 — Richard Farmer, D.D., afterwards Master of 
 
 Emmanuel College, died 1797. 
 1770 — Samuel Blackall, B.D., Emmanuel College. 
 1774 — William Bond, M.A., Caius College. 
 1776 — Thomas Sisson, M.A., Emmanuel College, 
 1782 — Thomas Veasey, B.D., St. Peter's College. 
 1785 — John Bullcn, M.A., Emmanuel College. 
 1818 — Richard Relhan, the Botanist, M.A., Trinity 
 
 College. 
 1821— William Pulling, M.A., Sidney Sussex College, 
 
 a famous Linguist. 
 1826 — James Geldart, LL.D., Trinity Hall. 
 1837— Thomas Boodle, M.A., Trinity College, who 
 
 in 1839 became the first Vicar of Christ 
 
 Church. 
 
 Vicars of Christ Church, Barnwell. 
 
 1839-45— Thomas Boodle, M.A., Trinity College, after- 
 wards Vicar of Christ Church, Virginia Waters, 
 Hants. 
 
 1845-59— Jonathan Holt Titcomb, D.D., St. Peter's 
 College, afterwards first Bishop of Rangoon, 
 died April 2, 1887.
 
 52 
 
 1859-62 — Charles Kirkby Robinson, D.D., Master of 
 St. Catharine's College, and Canon of Norwich, 
 
 1862-69 — George Warburton Weldon, M.A., Trinity 
 
 College, Dublin, incorporated M.A. Trinity 
 
 College, Cambridge, now Vicar of Bickley, 
 
 Kent. 
 1869-77 — Edward Tucker Leeke, M.A., late Fellow of 
 
 Trinity College, Cambridge, now Chancellor 
 
 of Lincoln Cathedral. 
 1877-84 — Henry Trotter, M.A., Corpus Christi College, 
 
 now Rector of Trowbridge. 
 1884-89— Arthur Henry Delmd Radcliffe, M.A., Trinity, 
 
 now Vicar of St. John's, Paddington, London, 
 1889 — John Gilbert Dixon, M.A., Gonville and Caius 
 
 College, the present Vicar.
 
 Jfl$i t\ §linn\mnvhm. 
 
 1839-40 — Turner, Samuel Austin. 
 
 Rowe, Richard. 
 1840-41 — Turner, Samuel Austin. 
 
 Rowe, Richard, 
 1841-42 — Naylor, Thomas Hacke. 
 
 Smith, William. 
 1842-43 — Naylor, Thomas Hacke. 
 
 Smith, William. 
 J 843-44 — Naylor, Thomas Hacke. 
 
 Cooper, Charles Henry. 
 1844-45 — Naylor, Thomas Hacke. 
 
 Rowe, Richard. 
 1845-46 — Naylor, Thomas Hacke. 
 
 Wisdom, John. 
 1846-47 — Naylor, Thomas Hacke. 
 
 Smith, William. 
 JS47-48 — Smith, William. 
 
 Apthorpc, William Henry.
 
 54 
 
 1848-49 — Anthony, Thomas, 
 
 Rowe, Richard. 
 
 1849-50 — Rowe, Richard. 
 
 Wisdom, John. 
 
 1850-51 — Smith, Thomas. 
 
 Coward, Thomas. 
 1851-52 — Smith, Thomas. 
 
 Coward, Thomas. 
 1852-53 — Smith, Thomas. 
 
 Smyth, WiUiam Townrow, 
 1853-54 — Waters, William. 
 
 Smyth, William Townrow. 
 1854-55 — Waters, William. 
 
 Smyth, William Townrow. 
 1855-56 — Waters, William. 
 
 Headley, James Ind. 
 1856-57 — Rowe, Richard. 
 
 Headley, James Ind. 
 1857-58 — Rowe, Richard. 
 
 Waters, William. 
 1858-59 — Waters, William. 
 Smith, Thomas. 
 1859-60 — Waters, William. 
 
 Smith, Thomas, who died in November, 
 
 1859, and was succeeded by 
 Rowe, Richard. 
 1860-61 — Waters, William. 
 Rowe, Richard. 
 1861-62 — Waters, William. 
 Rowe, Richard. 
 1862-63 — Rowe, Richard. 
 Waters, William.
 
 55 
 
 1S63-64 — Rowe, Richard. 
 
 Webb, John. 
 1864-65— Webb, John. 
 
 Smith, William Charles. 
 1865-66 — Bailey, Frederick. 
 
 Smith, William Charles. 
 1866-67 — Cailey, Frederick. 
 
 Rowe, Richard Reynolds. 
 1867-68 — Bailey, Frederick, 
 
 Palmer, Robert Berrington. 
 1868-69 — Bailey, Frederick. 
 
 Wisbey, Alfred. 
 1869-70 — Bailey, Frederick. 
 
 Wisbey, Alfred. 
 1870-71 — Wisbey, Alfred. 
 
 Crawley, Young. 
 1871-72 — Crawley, Young. 
 
 White, William. 
 1872-73 — Crawley, Young. 
 
 White, William. 
 1873-74 — Crawley, Young. 
 
 White, William. 
 1874-75 — Webb, John. 
 
 White, William. 
 1875-76— Webb, John. 
 
 White, William. 
 1876-77— White, William. 
 
 Burrows, Robert Cresswell. 
 1877-78 — White, William. 
 
 Burrows, Robert Cresswell. 
 1878-79 — Burrows, Robert Cresswell. 
 
 Francis, Joseph.
 
 56 
 
 1879-80 — Burrows, Robert Cresswell. 
 
 Francis, Joseph. 
 1880-81 — Bailey, Frederick. 
 
 Francis, Joseph. 
 1881-82 — Bailey, Frederick. 
 
 Coggin, Henry, 
 1882-83— Fulford, William. 
 
 Todd, John. 
 1883-84— Fulford, William. 
 
 Todd, John. 
 1884-85— Fulford, William. 
 
 Todd, John. 
 1885-86— Fulford, William. 
 
 Todd, John. 
 1886-87— Fulford, William. 
 
 Todd, John. 
 1887-88— Fulford, William. 
 
 Todd, John. 
 1888-89— Fulford, William. 
 
 Todd, John. 
 
 METCALFE AND SON, riilNTERS, CAMBRIDGE.
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY 
 
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