STUD IKS 
 
 \. .-WIN 
 
 Library' of Congress. 
 Owen. Paoific City. 
 


 A K. OWF.V. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 1'Ai'lKir Cm A Sra Sil'-I'ark KVMtl* n< and a Mamifartur 
 
 big and Commercial Center. A. l\. <> I 
 
 AN M ! \ I TO .I. P.KI < K \V.\LI..\ i:, Ks(,). A. K. O ^ 
 
 iVxrn-'it' ( 'irv An KM miat> of th< M. i<> In- lrri\r<l from 
 
 tin- Salt- >l J.ot-ii . s ;nul (In- \}>|>n priation of tin- Sam<-. 
 
 A. K. <> : 
 
 THJ Sn:i:K!s or lin; * 'ITIKS- <, 7i //-/> ,- -^civi/ -I 
 
 I'uiiit c\\\ The Model Municipality of the World, K. s. li. : 
 
 A SITDY Western Modes of City Management <> 
 
 in Its i'ontrol Su-^-^t-, (i.-nn;in City Manairr- 
 
 llHTlt. l.\ 7 
 
 iKh' CITY Tin- Mr,-. 1 il.,m-of t !n> Itnliistrioiis. Win. A. 
 
 M K 
 
 Cuv. l'\. Kx 9 
 
 \ i 1 M \TH iv CITY IM-INT. K\ 10 
 
 1 \ i I -.1 . i; \ !. C -* >i'i.u \ i I< N. S.ir.-issii M. Mills 11 
 
 Ti HI < OI.OMSTS. A. K. () 12 
 
 A Ln ic<M !>ii. WM. M. Mi i. IKK i:< 
 
 A I.i ; o UJi Su 1:1 II.KY ' IMMKNTO. A. K. 14 
 
 A J.riiiii n:\i .f. c. HKKKIN<; !> 
 
 Library of Congress. 
 Owen. Pacific City. 
 

 JOHN W. LOVKLL. 
 
 Library of Congress. 
 Owen. Pacific City. 
 
Writtiti hif my//rx/ /or M l.isi, A HAND. 1 
 J'tiMisli.,1 in i;,,stnii. 
 
 PACIFIC CITY, 
 
 A SKA-SIDE-PA HK-HJ- ! T\ . \ M) \ M A NTKACIT KIV ' AND C'>M 
 
 MKUCIAI. (IN IT. 1C. 
 
 A SKi.TCH I'.Y A I ItKKT K. < >U 
 
 Pacific Cit^v has I een laid outont.h<- north sin >r- of the Straits 
 
 Of Joflhua, Topoktbftnipo harbor, Sinai--. . M-xieo. Tin- Straits of 
 
 itua eonn-'etx TopolobampO with Oh'.i-a hay. Tlu-sr two ha\s 
 
 1 *MI sti PC Miiiuiitain I'M -UIM| ..mi rontain a watT sur- 
 
 facr c! M s.juai'1' miles, with an anchorage of 1^ \-2 s({iiarr inilr.s 
 
 for is drawing ovrr ^-"i fret. T)i k dfpth of wat-r, at lo\v 
 
 tiih'. VT tin* har, at the i-ntraiict-. is 'JO ft., which is the same 
 
 there < tic- Kir in en.erin^ H>stoii harbor. TOJKH 
 
 lobanipn liailr i^ on the (Jnlf of Talifurnia, latihnl" ?" :!'J' 
 
 :nidw. Q ^ ! azatlan .in. I Oiiayina^. is only I, (MM) 
 
 mi' ; in ( ialv--stn, 'i \.isand will }>e, by railroail, one day 
 
 -ton than IM.MOII is to San Fraii<-isM. 
 
 I'M i'i U> >ite c,>\ rs an area of 29 s^iuare miles, wliich is 
 equal to that ol Manhattan Island or to N'\v York < 'ity proper. 
 If^ farm and park aine\ elvers about .MM), 000 acres. Tlio^enrin^ 
 
 . i>y the founder, has JM-en a constant 
 
 ly and labor during nineteen years ; and the plan for Fac itie 
 
 City I lie nervations for its tliorou^hfan->. parks, eirHes, eleetrie. 
 
 n railroads. <{uays, 5h>j. stores, factoric>s, ]mblic 
 
 huildii !nK)ls:ind private liouses has l>een approved by the 
 
 M. \i an ( Io\. -rninent : and special an 1 large conc.vssions have 
 
 n the founder for the puqxisc of making Pacific City 
 
 immunity for private residences, sea-side recreations. 
 
 dm rMjied indu tries and extensive commerce. The climate of 
 
 < ity and its rieighl>oring shores and bays is exceptionally 
 
 ami health giving. The Winter is warmer and the Summer 
 
 ,uite a^ roo^ a-> it is at San Diego, California. Never have 
 
 persons enjoyed better health than have those who have lived for 
 
 Library of Qongress. 
 
9 PACIFIC CITY. 
 
 the past five years on the shores of Topolobampo bay. There is 
 no other such picturesque and enjoyable l>ay and lx>ach for Winter 
 seaside pleasures, where the fashion of Mexico and the United 
 States can unite, as we have at Topulobampo; in fact, the Mexican 
 Republic has no place except Topolol>amix> where the attractions 
 are such as to make it acceptable as an ocean-side Winter and 
 Summer place of recreations and greetings. There fishing, yacht- 
 ing, surf bathing, driving, etc., may be indulged in with more 
 days in the year than at any other, locality on our continent. 
 There the moonlight nights over mountain** and bays, the sunset* 
 back of the Farallon de San Ignacio, and the varied and light 
 tints in the sky, particularly during the Winter, are not equalled, 
 probably, anywhere else on our globe ; and withal, Topolobampo 
 is nearer to Chicago, St. Paul, Quebec, Boston, New York, Wash- 
 ington, Li verjxxd, London and Paris, than these great centers of 
 population and fashion are to San Francisco. Pacific City holds 
 a unique and superior geographical position to the trade currents 
 and winds of the Pacific, and is in the pathway of the commerce 
 between the Occident and Orient in the highway of that ex- 
 change and of that travel which has planted a seat of dominion 
 wherever its voyagers have rested for a night and wherever its 
 freights have broken bulk for a day. 
 
 The approval, by Mexico, of Pacific City is the first instance, 
 we believe, where a nation has adopted a plan for a city, park 
 and farm before a house was constructed upon the site ; and it 
 will be seen, if studied, that every step in laying out Pacific 
 City, and in securing the beaches for bathing, the fisheries, the 
 oyster inlets, the bays, the shores, the islands, the park reserva- 
 tions and the farming areas, has been a careful and incessant 
 study and a patient and persistent labor, fraught with expenses 
 and difficulties, for the fifth of a century ; and it is now designed 
 that all shall be reserved, in toto, for the uses of the citizens of 
 Pacific City forever, and that every detail of occupation and con- 
 struction within the limits of Pacific City, and on its farms, etc., 
 shall be a subject of forethought, order and discipline that duty, 
 method and love shall go hand in hand to make a model place in 
 which to live and to be of use to others and to ourselves. 
 
 Pacific City is to be controlled and all its farms, bays, parks, 
 fisheries, etc., are to IMS managed by a joint stock by The Credit 
 Foncier Company, which is incorporated in Colorado and acts in 
 Mexico under sjK*cial and comprehensive charters granted by the 
 
 Library of Congress. 
 Own. Pacific City. 
 
. 8 
 
 Mexican Congress. Never before has there been a city site as 
 carefully selected, as thoroughly mapped and as largely endowed 
 by a nation and by a founder at* has been that of Pacific City. 
 The Credit Foncier Company is a business company and it sur- 
 reys, builds and policies Pacific City in a strict and thorough 
 business way and after the most approved plans. The company 
 aim) farms its own lands, digs its own acequius, and intends to 
 construct and operate its own railroads, telegraphs, factories, 
 ships and stages, and to attend to the insurances, to the ex- 
 changes and to the deposits and loans of its members. 
 
 Credit Foncier means credit and home ; hence, The Credit 
 Foncier Company is a corporation based upon home labor, home 
 money, home virtue, home love and home life. The underlying 
 thought and the fixed purpose of the promoters of The Credit 
 Foncier Company is to assist every resident member or head of 
 family to build and furnish a private, distinct, individual, 
 luxurious and thoroughly appointed home. A people well- 
 housed, regularly and systematically employed and free from 
 tax, rent, tithe and mortgage will be a. God-loving, an order- 
 doing and a peace-following^people. A people who are regularly, 
 remuneratively, agreeably and methodically employed by thoir 
 own agents, in well selected and useful industries which belong 
 to themselves, can be relied upon to go in the way of the truth, 
 the right and the beautiful. 
 
 The greatest statute that of Queen Elizabeth was : " Put 
 the people to work." This is an ' unalterable tenet with The 
 Credit Foncier Company, for it guarantees employment to every 
 resident stockholder upon his or her own lands or in his or her 
 own shops, stores, counting houses, telegraph offices, schools, etc., 
 etc. Pacific City is the only community in the world where all 
 kind of willing labor, skill and talent can be at once utilized for 
 the good of every jierson concerned. It is a great pawn shop, 
 where lalx>r and the product of labor are accepted at once, and 
 where full credit is given immediately for all value received. Up 
 to the conception of Pacific City, labor, which ia the source of all 
 wealth and of everything that is worthy and great and beauti- 
 ful, has been permitted in every place, at all times, by every 
 people, to go begging to go floundering and blundering along in 
 a haphazard way, without a purix>so beyond to-day, half starved, 
 scantily clothed, miserably sheltered and mostly demoralized 
 on the average only one quarter employed and, as bad an that 
 
 Library of Congress. 
 
 ^ 1 D *4fM<. (M+.v. 
 
4 . PACTFTC vrrr. 
 
 was an.l is, oftenrr occupied to create disorder, disease and 
 crime than for any permanent good. And all because society 
 has never l*fore been incorporated to direct its people how to 
 work and to show them a correct way to live. But in Pacific 
 City the moment labor is ready and offered, it is accepted to per- 
 fect some detail in a plan which is fixed and which is of some 
 substantial benefit to every person concerned. 
 
 There can not Ion- !> an idle resident member in Pacific 
 City. If a person will not do one thing he or she will be assisted 
 to do another. Not to <1 anything is to be stupid, Where every- 
 one in authority is re,uly and ^lad and able to assist anyone, at 
 all times, in every way, there can not be an excuse for anyone not 
 to engage himself or her^-lf, during working hours, in some line 
 of useful employment laid out to be done by those who are in 
 charge. Hence, there ran not be a poor person in Pacific City, 
 for occupation will be certain to bring its cash payment on th- 
 execution of the task. There will not be, at any time, for any 
 purpose or for any person any cause for alms or charity ; for the 
 company, from its puhlie funds, insures every resident stockholder 
 in case of accident, old age, illness, fire, flood, cyclone, etc., etc.; 
 and that, too, without ever taking a direct contribution of one cent 
 from any person. 
 
 The Credit Fourier Company practically, systematically and 
 with equity separates " what is mine from what is thine." It 
 guards, as sacred, the private properties of its citizens and holds, 
 in trust, for the use of all its stockholders, and forever, all its 
 puhlie properties. The home is the private property of the indi- 
 vidual, as are the private carriage, the pleasure boat, the bicycle, 
 the sewing machine, etc., etc.: but tho land, the streets, the 
 water supplies, fuel, gas, electric lights and powers, tramways, 
 manufactures, exchanges, etc., lioKmg to the citizen stockholders 
 in common ; just as a railroad its stations, rights of way, bridges, 
 hotels, restaurants, telegraph ai -phone lines, electric lights, 
 
 liine sho])R, water supplies, ferry boats,* etc., belong; in com- 
 mon, to the stockholders of the railroad company; and not any- 
 one of the properties can be alienated by any one of the stock- 
 holders or by the oomitany. All construction, decorating, etc., in 
 Pacific City will be carried on by The Credit Foncier Company, 
 just again as a railroad company does ; but private houses will be 
 
 *The Central Pacific Railroad Company own* and run* srrwU steamships, 
 and Th New York Central Railroad Company baa hoepitata, libraries and 
 gymnasium* /^ 
 
 Library of Congress. 
 Owen. Paolfie C 
 
PACIFIC! CITY. 5 
 
 built in accordance with tin* plan and at the cost of the sto< k 
 holders who wish to oreupy the (tame. The house can n -ver !> 
 Bold, mortgaged, rented or a'ienated from Hit- company ; but it is 
 tli*' property of the one who ordi-rs it built for hi* or her own 
 use for life, and it may go to It is or her heir, pmr'uliinj that said 
 heir is a stockholder and wishes to live iti the same; otherwise 
 the rost of the same will IHJ paid by the company to tho waid heir. 
 Absenteeism rannot IK- i>ermitt>d in |'a-ilic City. i'erHons who 
 do not have a residence within the ity cannot, in anyway, t>e 
 jK'rmitted to mar tho livee and juriM>s<-H of those who do; nor ran 
 a |H'i>,on live inside- of Paeitic City and Hcnd his earnings to 
 another who lives outside of the city; for to do so would he to do 
 just what the'Chineso do when they roue to the United States to 
 supjxjrt their relatives in China. In case a householder wishes 
 U> go away permanently, or to remove to another house* upon 
 any projierty controlled by the company, the company pays him 
 or her for the hou>e and lot-use, whi< h he or she <|iiits, the price 
 '.'tjual to the exact amount that he or she paid the company for 
 the Kline, to the driving of the bust nail or to the painting of the 
 smallest door. that and not a </*/ A-.xy ii.or a cent murf. There is 
 no K| M 'dilation from first to last in 1'acitic ( ity; and, as all con- 
 struction, etc., is performed by the company, the public books 
 will show to the last cent the co.-vl of everything done U]H>n each 
 and every proj>erty wiihin the city and UJMUI its annex hinds, etc. 
 Tho uneariiexi iiu-rement ever nmains, by this plan, with the 
 community. Tho citizens, in their entirety, created it; and to 
 the citizens, in their entirety, it will remain and for all time. 
 
 The Credit Foncier Company sells to its members the -nxcx of 
 Pacific City resident lots in ten (10) series. The minimum 
 resident lot is 23 x 150 ft, There am 48 lots in a block of 600 x :t<H) 
 ft. The first series will contain 6<H* resident lot-uses. These will 
 IK> sold for $10 (gold) eachf, and any meml>er who is going to 
 build can select any lot unoccupied anywhere within the limits 
 of Pacific City ; but no member can .select and hold his or her 
 
 * A im*mlxT cannot r-nt his or h^r house, at any time, to anyone. The rn><lit 
 
 Company i las*-l ui>-m tli principle of having ev*rv r-silnt tnenifHT 
 
 >\ t Jii.s or lierown li-Mise. wt know that auion>; the 2,000,000 people who lire 
 
 in N\v York ami Brooklyn tliert- ur* only H.IKMI boue-owneni; but we do not 
 
 to risk OBT U futures" with a tenement |><>j>M!.v(ion any more than we do 
 
 our li\es with a tenant class of fanners. IV-oplr who wish to r**nt houses had 
 
 ay in the United States, or go to London. Rents are cot permitted in 
 
 rueifle City. 
 
 1'roiaoiera can hold shares, however, without being required to buy lot uses, 
 t A person has to buy as many shares in The Credit Fourier ( 'oinpany as ho 
 or sh.- bu) s lotruseu in Pacific City. The shares are always $10 (gold). 
 
 Library of Congress. 
 
PACIFIC CITY. 
 
 lot before he or she is ready to build. A person can, however, 
 buy a lot-use in the first gericu and can have a yar to select ami 
 build his or her homo, aft*r which time, if the ftuid lot-use M not 
 Detected, the company has the option to call in the tuiid Jot u*e at 
 the price it sold the same, so that it can sell to some memlxr who 
 will use the same. The second series will contain 500 lot-uses, 
 and each will be sold for J|20 ; the third series will contain 500 
 lot-usos, and each will bo sold for $40 ; and so on, each series of 
 500 lot-uses doubling in price up to and including the 8th. This 
 will use 4,000 lots, give us a population of 1C, 000, if we allow four 
 IKTsons to a house*, and will put $l,275,000f into the City Treas- 
 ury. The price which will be asked for the 96,000 lot-uses which 
 will be divided iu the ninth and tenth series 4S,000 lots each 
 we have not yet settled ii|on ; but it will bo such as to put at 
 least $200,000,000 into the City Treasury ; and yet the choice of 
 any lot not occupied will never cont more than $2,500, even when 
 our population is from three to four hundred thousand. Fifty 
 cents from every dollar paid into the City Treasury goes to im- 
 prove the streets, parks ami quays ; to pay off the debt of $300,- 
 000 which remains on the city site and the adj:vceiit lands ; to 
 put in water-works, electric tramways, lights and powers; to 
 build public theatres, meeting-houses, market houses, hotels, 
 Turkish-Russian baths, restaurants, etc. , etc. ; and the revenues 
 from all these, each in its turn and perpetually, will go into the 
 City Treasury ; and in part, say at least 50 per rent., will be used 
 for insurances, hospitals, free Itvtures, free educations, free baths, 
 free libraries, free entertainments, free music, free flowers, etc. 
 Hence, we may see that by controlling a city site in a thorough 
 business way, and by making the resident lot-uses a basis for city 
 revenue, that every other necessary and "desirable public work, 
 structure and convenience may be provided for upon the most 
 munificent plan and in the most minute detail ; and, at the 
 same time, that everything of a public character can be paid for 
 
 * Boston hag 58,6<59 houses, and in each then' are, on an average. H..*i3 per- 
 sons. New York City shelters 18.32, Brooklyn U.HU, Chicago 8.00 and Phila- 
 delphia r>.60 persons to each houae. 
 
 + How thi.s may be used, see "An Open Letter" to .T. Bruce Wallace, Esq., 
 page 19; and for other information, relating to The C?redit Foncier Company 
 
 leant by sending $1.00 to Mr. John W, 
 and asking for the publications, maps. 
 
 |WVK*^ in, ami tin iniirr luiormui 1011, IT-I 
 
 and its doings in Sinaloa, person* may learn by sending $1.00 to Mr. John W, 
 Tx>well. Wi Nassau smt-t. New Y< rk Ci.y, 
 etc., of The C'rtdit Fonckrr Company. 
 
 Library of Congress. 
 
PACIFIC CITY. 7 
 
 without the necessity of " a single tax" of an income tax, or of 
 any other tax, rent, tithe, mortgage or discount. 
 
 It must be plain, even to the blind, that when the citizens 
 pay for water-urn*, lot- uses, tramway service, electric lighta, 
 meals at the public restaurants, to hear a public ojx'ra, etc., etc., 
 they i>ay for a direct service rendered ; but in Pacific City, in- 
 stead of these revenues going into the pockets of a few who have 
 gotten special numoiHilies to build, own and operate, for their 
 own aggrandizement*, these public conveniences aud absolute 
 necessities in every other city in the world, the said revenues go 
 into the public fund or City Treasury and are used over and over 
 again in payment of public works, benefits and adornments, 
 etc., etc. 
 
 As all buildings, private and public, and every manner and 
 class of work In the city and on the railroads and in the ships of 
 The Credit Foncier Company are to be done by the company, the 
 company will )>e the only employer, and everything will l>e 
 finished and furnished with an idea to its use and in ft with a view 
 of making a profit ; hence, everything will be delivered to resi- 
 dent members at first cost, and no ' boss contractor" or middle- 
 man will be permitted. The architects, surveyors and plumbers 
 will bo of the best, and each expert will be paid a salary and will 
 be held personally responsible for all work intrusted to them. 
 By the company becoming the sole employer, there will not be 
 any contracts between persons, excepting the marriage contract ; 
 and hence there will be no need for attorneys, save the one to ad- 
 vise the company in all legal matters in its dealings with outside 
 persons and with other companies. And as the company does all 
 the buying, with a view to felling again, there will be no such 
 thing needed as a corner grocer, merchant, commissioner, agent, 
 broker or drummer in Pacific City at any time or under any cir- 
 cumstances; and in this way everything wished for can be 
 bought by company experts at wholesale prices and can be 
 retailed to resident stockholders at wholesale cost, and the profit 
 made from outside sales can go into the City Treasury. 
 
 When a plan is started right and is sufficiently comprehensive 
 to embrace and to deal justly. with society as a whole, every step 
 made supports the next step to be taken. By selling the lot-uses 
 in series of 500 at the same price and giving the choice of the lot 
 to the first who builds, Pacific City will grow rapidly, more so 
 than any other city ever did, and at the same time it will 
 
 I Library of Congress. 
 
8 PACIFIC* CTTY. 
 
 grow compactly and regularly from a common center; for man 
 Ix-iiitf an associative creature he will luiild on the lot next to his 
 friv nil's houae when he can get it for the same pri< In- c:in the 
 lot a mile away. When one row of house* is complete, the next 
 iiiont valuahle lota are those directly in front; and when two rows 
 fronting each other are complete, the Htreet running l>etw' n 
 them will IK. put in tho most approved order; all animals will !M. 
 exclude<l,* shade and ilower areas will occupy three-fifths of the 
 total area and a closed fence, with a gate, will he put at each 
 end. The fences will IK* p- irtahle and be moved as the street ex- 
 tends. Ami in this way < leunlincss, flowers, shade, grass, order 
 and home life will l>e the rule from the first; and in the ahsence 
 of horse* and loaded wagons the streets oiK-e put in order will 
 remain so for a generation. 
 
 Gentlemen in our citi-*j now-a-days cannot have the con- 
 veniences hy acting ajwirt and individually, HO they associate or 
 club together and IHJO! their money to hire labor and skill to 
 m;ike luxurious and palatial club houses, and thereby enjoy 
 elegant surroundings and benefits which the crown heads of 
 EurojN' cannot excel and do not often equal. Why then should 
 not the men and women from all sections of the world pool their 
 labor, skill, talent, money, and make club-residences in one 
 grand sea-side iark city on Toi>ololanipo bay ? Why should not 
 life be made sweet, clean, regular, secure and cultured in its 
 home surroundings by incorjx rating to build a city upon a fixed 
 and lx autitul plan? This is the age of associated efforts. It is 
 the period of incorporated companies, syndicates and trusts. 
 Why cannot those who -believe that within man good intentions 
 predominate, and who wish peace and quiet and elegance to sur- 
 round them, make a trust big enough to comprehend a commun- 
 ity, having everything which is desirable and beautiful and in 
 good form? Andrew Carnegie says that the most important 
 lesson he learned in the art of money getting was that: " It ittnt 
 the man who doe* the trvrk who makes thr money, it is the man 
 irho get* other men to rf<> it." Now, in integral co-operation, every 
 man and woman not only get absolutely everything that they 
 earn themselves, but being stockholders in every public work 
 their stock representing as it will the gas, water, electricity, 
 
 Bicycle*, tricyclea. parlor tdcatea, electric carriajfe* driven by storage 
 batterieH, will IH th* order of the luy as th-y are now whrvv*-r the niadwavs 
 are wch as to permit them to be uued by women, children and men on wheels. 
 
 ; Library of Congress. 
 
CITY. 
 
 bank, produce exchange, insurance, street ejir service, manu- 
 facturing, whoie>ale and retail stores, theatres, hotels, etc., etc. 
 tl ley will get di\ idends from a hundred different sou ret -H" which 
 in all other communities are moiu>i>olized by a few non-pro- 
 ducing ex}- its; anil hence, in Pacific City we will find that Mr. 
 Carnegie'* great lesson in the art of getting wealth will be enjoyed 
 by every man and woman because they have learned how to 
 associate in such a way as to get every other man and woman 
 and ail the machines and inventions in the community to work 
 for them. 
 
 In The Credit Foncier Com|>any woman holds stork, votes 
 and is eligible to office or public; trust the same as man. She 
 holds her projHTty in her own name, receives, de|x>sits and lines 
 her own money, selects her own (X'cuj>ation and its to all intente 
 and purposes as independent of man as man is of her. There has 
 never been a moral community where woman has been ami 
 is dci>endent upon man for her money, home and usefulness ; and 
 we trust that by making her mutually independent with man in 
 all the walks, duties and responsibilities of life, that we will at 
 last see woman in her true and noble self free, intelligent and 
 in the lead. We contend that when the woman is encouraged 
 and supix>rted to take the lead in the moral and spiritual and 
 home life, that she will influence society through and through 
 with correct thought, sinccie purpose and re-lined acts. In Pacific 
 City a woman will have all the rights that a man has and three 
 more the right to the first choice of occupation, the right by 
 courtesy to the best seat and reserved place, and the privilege of 
 the doubt. Again, while it is man's duty to work eight hours 
 during six days each week, it is the privilege of woman to work 
 only six hours during five days. After we get our machinery 
 well started and methodically organized, man need not work 
 more than six, and woman more than four hours each working 
 day ; for mechanics, chemistry and electricity will yet take from 
 man and woman all the drudgery and heavy burdens of produc- 
 tion. There can not be a cultured people where there are not 
 hours of elegant leisure every day under refined and varied in- 
 fluences ; hence, as home industries are more and more diversified 
 and articles of finished manufacture are nearer and nearer per- 
 fected in a thoroughly appointed community, leisure and books 
 and music and flowers and entertainments will become more and 
 more within the power of those who discipline their lives to 
 
 Library of Congress, 
 
PACIFIC CITY. 
 
 habits of industry under one comprehensive management of city, 
 farm, factory and exchange. 
 
 It is the wanted momenta, the destruction of materials, the 
 misdirected labors, the ruined lives which mark the decadence 
 of a people. Our existing no-system, for nobody, at no time, in 
 no place is having its fruits. We hope to show how to arrest this 
 tendency of our race which is now sliding on the down grade to 
 lerdition. By means of integral co-operation, such an is to IK* 
 practiced in Pacific City, there cannot be any lalx>r misdirected 
 or any material wasted, for everything that is done t)elongH to 
 a fixed and carefully matured plan and every kind of service 
 offered is at once utilized, and waste paper, old rags, txmes, 
 refuse matter, sewerage, etc., are preserved and utilized again 
 and Again ; and there cannot be any life ruined because of evil 
 surroundings, for saloons, gambling dens, dives, women of ques- 
 tionable occupation, horse racing, cock-fighting, betting, stock 
 jobbing, brokerage, games of chance, futures," stock ex- 
 changes and such like pernicious practices and places cannot 
 exist within our jurisdiction. There will not be any way possible 
 for a non-producing class of any sort to survive with us. I^abor 
 will be the foundation of our aristocracy. Those who will not 
 work will not be allowed to play. Persons who try to live by 
 their wits with us will not have a pleasant experience. 
 
 Every adult of twenty or more years who lives in Pacific 
 City has to be a stockholder in The Credit Foncier Company, and 
 before he or she goes to the colony he or she has to take out a 
 permit and to sign a pledge that he or she approves of the 
 principles, will co-operate to carry out the purposes and will 
 abide by the by-laws of the company. There is no restriction as 
 to the nationality of the applicant ; but it is expected that only 
 educated and skilled persons will be intelligent and sufficiently in 
 funds to take advantage of the privileges offered by The Credit 
 Foncier Company, for all resident r lembers have to be able to 
 read the principles, to sign the pledge and to pay their travelling 
 expenses to our settlements. 
 
 The directors are ten (10) and are elected by the stock in the 
 same way as are the directors of a railroad, gas, water or other 
 joint-stock company, except that a stockholder cannot vote for 
 himself, nor can anyone vote ix-rmanently more than the shares 
 which correspond to the number of building lots he or she im- 
 proves in Pacific City. There are 48 lots in a block of 4.15 acres, 
 
 Library of Congress. 
 
 Pacific Citv. 
 
PACIFIC CITY. 11 
 
 and a block Is the limit which any ono person may permanently 
 occupy in Pacific Tity. To hold these lot-uses, or any nuinlxT of 
 them, one must improve and live ui>on the same a part of each 
 year. In all, The Credit Fonder Company issues KM), 000 shares 
 of ten (10) dollars each, and each share corresponds with a build- 
 ing lot in Pacific City. There are 15,000 shares of said sUx-k 
 offered to the promoters of the enterprise. These HhareB may IM 
 taken simply as an investment by )M>rsons, who wish to advance 
 the objects of the company but who have no idea of going to 
 Pacific City to live, or by colonists an it may be. Up to this date 
 (June 1, 1892) there has been sold 5,907 of these shares. The 
 fcC>,000 remaining shares of The Credit Foncier Company are, to l>e 
 sold only to persona who intend to settle in Paci tic City. After 
 all the shares are sold, the company has the right to call in the 
 shares held by the promoters who do not wish to reside in Pacific 
 City, paying f>r the same ten (H>) dollars, plus the dividends 
 earned, so that the same may be .sold, at the price paid by the. 
 company, to persons who do wish to reside in the colony. The 
 directors organize the Board by electing a chairman, secretary 
 and treasurer from among themselves, and the chairman aj>- 
 points himself and each of tin* other directors to be the executive 
 head of a special, distinct, < o-ordinate, yet an inter-dependent, 
 department. The d* partmen* are ten (10) and as follows ^ 
 
 I. Detriment of deposits, loans, insurance and the ways 
 and means of payment. 
 
 II. Department of surveys, bridge**, improvements, streets, 
 parks, wharves, etc. 
 
 I II. - I >epa it ment of law, arbitration and registration. 
 
 IV. -Department of employment of motors, powers, light 
 
 and h< 
 
 V. | >, p-rtmeni of poli. -e. tire, sewage and public cleanliness. 
 
 VI. Department of t raiisjioi tat ion and communication. 
 
 \ II. J Department of diveiMiicaikm and perfection of em- 
 ployments and .settlements. 
 
 VIII.--Department of social science, education, amusements 
 and baths. 
 
 IX. IVpartment of agriculture, forestry, game and fish 
 culture and preservation. 
 
 X. Department of medicine and surgery, pharmacy, hy- 
 giene, supplies and con nui>>a rial. 
 
 Library of Congress 
 
12 pAnrrc CITY. 
 
 Under each department there will be sub-department*, nn<l 
 
 the head of each of tin -> Mih-di-partments will U- it^|Mnsihle f >r 
 If! t lv done under hint >r her an<l \vill re|H>rt at the end of cadi 
 week, or the end of CMTV contract or tank, to the director of de- 
 partment, and the director oi d< -partment will re|H>rt on the last 
 day ol each month to the chairman of the Hoard, and th^ chair- 
 man of the Board will report each quarter to the shareholders, 
 resident and foreign. 
 
 Tlio company leiiig the sole employer, every resident mem- 
 l>er is employed only by his or her own agent or director, who 
 aots as an adviser and a*istant rather than an a sii]M'rint-rulent. 
 It is the interest of the stockholders, theirfore, t<; e!H't for 
 directors Uiose from among themselves -who liavv had the nioHt 
 husitiess experience and v ho are worthy of full confidence as 
 business and moral persons. It is n -cognized by us that "the, 
 fittest man (or woman) for a particular p<*t is not always the 
 lest fellow or the most agreeable," for it is < apacity and correct 
 life only that govern in joint-stork companies. Political methods 
 do not in any way enter into the autonomy of Pacific City, and 
 hence the fact that "jmrity in justifies i on iridescent dream" 
 need not, in the least, worry us who have decided to make a new 
 departure in city government and to keep its management aloof 
 from town meetings, stump orations and slum influences. 
 
 Each resident niemb<-r is paid for just what he or she pro- 
 duces or does at the time he or she delivers the product or renders 
 the service, and the price paid is that which was contracted to 
 be paid by the company Ix'fore the work was entered upon. The 
 ways and means of jmyment, within the comjKiny, is based 111*011 
 the exchange of services one service offsetting another service. 
 This is the adjustment of equivalents by means of a clearing 
 house where all accounts are rendered by credits and <b'hits. By 
 the erettft and di'hit system of accounts kept by the Bank of 
 Venice, the. Venetians were facilitated in their exchanges during 
 the centuries that that Republic ruled the Mediterranean ami 
 In t a t-d to the commerce of the world; and these credit*, let it 
 be remembered, were always at a premium over " the gold 
 ilncats" so fanums for tin ir coin rulm: Hy the credit and dtbit 
 t -m all that a inemU-r earns is ert-dit>.'d t-) him or to her, and 
 all that h<- or she coioumes r u>-s from the company's store, for 
 his or her <\\ n. is di-biti-d against him or her. What can be more 
 trimph what nearer jnstr Alter ail, is it not the t*'r\i<''.s of 
 
 Library of Congress. 
 Owen. Paoific City. 
 
/MC/A7C CITY. 
 
 others that we all want in exchange fur the service** wo 
 Does anyone, who thinks seriously ii|on tho subject, have any 
 ii-a th.it it is gold, silver or pajer money that we need to rat, t 
 P upon, to shelter ourselves with, or to transj>ort ourselves 
 in? By the credit and debit system, tervice becomes the sole 
 /*// tender in Pacific City, and, hence, labor, which iw the source 
 of all \\ealth, Iwcomea the sole basis for all exchange. IH this 
 not right? IH thin nut Christian? By this ways ami means for 
 the adjustment of accounts a person gets just what is his or her 
 due and at just the time it is due and without disc omit, discom- 
 fort, distress, discord or disaster; and tho person who does not 
 work haw not any tiling to exchange for the products of tho.v 
 who do work. Christians who have 1 been taught to belie \ in the 
 righteousness of giving "ft tooth fora tooth and in eye for an 
 eye" will not* have to strain their consciences much to see that 
 t he re is equity in giving a service for a service. 
 
 If " the love of money is the root of all evil," then why should 
 ( liristians have money? If we believe that St. Paul was inspire. 1, 
 then why not be guided by what he enjoins and make it our rule 
 that: *nv who do not work wither tthall ye. etit." We take it that 
 a divine command is for all time. If the teachings of St. Paul 
 are not accepted truth, then why does the Church forever preach 
 him? Let us be honest. Let us see if we cannot put some of the 
 Christian teachings into practice. And, again, when the credit 
 <ih>l debit system is once put into general practice there will be 
 an end to cashiers and hank presidents, et al., running away with 
 the d* jKteite of the depositors. "The American Colony in ( 'anada" 
 will never have a recruit from our "first families" after this 
 tem is used; credits cannot be stolen. 
 
 St.xkholders can deposit, in the company's, bank, Mexican 
 dollars, United States money, British sovereigns, company 
 red its, etc., etc., and can cluck against the game at any time 
 and ^et just exactly what they deposited. Not any interest will 
 IK- given nor any charge 1*' made; or stockholders may invest, at 
 tiieir own option, with the company in any public work, such as 
 is building; for instance, in electric lights, street car lines, electric 
 washing machines, etc., etc,, to the maximum amount of 25 per 
 eent. of the entire cost of the same, and they may enjoy profits 
 >r -ulFer losses, as it may l>e, pro rata, with the company. The 
 company owoiiniges memU-rs to invest their credits, etc., Upon 
 a prolit sharing basin, but does not j>eniiit interest or discount 
 
 Library of Congress. 
 
It P.U7/7C CITY. 
 
 within its jurisdiction. If a resident stM -k holder haH credits at 
 the company's bank and wishes to go to New York, Guidon, 
 Paris, or elsewhere, he or she will take a l<tf<'r of credit upon the 
 outside hank with which the company's hank does its business, 
 just as a traveller does now in going f rom one country to another. 
 letter* of credit are the, world's money. There, in no other. Coins 
 of one country are never carried by business men, l>et ween coun- 
 tries. Of course the company's bank has to have a credit trith 
 on oiitxide Ixtnk befdre this can be done. The sooner we get to 
 manufacturing and railroading the sooner this will to brought 
 about. 
 
 It may seem a little strange to the readers of Lend a Hand 
 that our colonists, who do not wish to be considered as toing 
 under the instructions of any established church, should IK' the 
 only persons in Christendom who are incorjyorated to deal jnxtly 
 and kindly one trith the other and to we that Christ's commfind: 
 "He ye friends'' 9 is put into practice in their every day life. 
 However, be this as it may, it does not alter the fact that " all 
 who invest in good deeds here and now will IK? sure to cut coupons 
 in the sweet by and by." 
 
 The promoters of Pacific City believe in doing good for the 
 sake of the good which must follow every good act, and not for 
 the hoie of receiving a reward here or hereafter. This is not 
 orthodoxy, we know, but it may have some merit, nevertheless. 
 < Mir purpose is to live a moral and religious life in accordance 
 with the l>est acts and teachings of the most cultured {MTsoris, 
 ancient and modern, pagan and Christian. We do not intend to 
 inculcate into the minds of the young that any one church has 
 a tnono]M>ly of all the truth. We believe that the Jews are pre- 
 sumptuous when they claim that God made his revelations alone 
 to them, and that He created and left the millions, who had 
 lived and worked and worshiped and died before the Jews ex- 
 isted, to suffer through all eternity. We believe that l>oth the 
 Jews and the Christians might learn a good deal that is divine 
 and good and useful if they would listen to what (iod has said to 
 others ; for instance, it was (rod speaking through Lueretia Mott 
 when she said : I^et us hare truth for authority and not 
 authority far truth." It was an expression of God's own will 
 when William H. Seward stretched his bund over the l"nit-d 
 States Senate and said : 4i The lair of humanity /.s iniyhtier than 
 hitman constitution* the law for the elevation of man, is the 
 
 Library of Congress. 
 
/'.U'/fVr CITY. IB 
 
 We hold that "Sunday is the golden clasp that 
 
 hinds to^-t iher tin* volume of the week" that the Sabbath is 
 
 ;<! tor beast as tvell an for man, for the "ser\ant M as 
 
 M tor tli." 1 master," for the cook in the kitchen as well as for 
 
 the lady in the parlor; and that it should be a day when home 
 
 virtuee should be practiced, particularly at home. We bcli ve 
 
 that ;\ religion* spirit should so j>ervade a community that one 
 
 li- t<ld in that < ommunity should reflect ujnm the teaching >id 
 
 th*- examples which the elders of that community have given. 
 
 W. h< h. \. that the principle of juwtke and right should he M> 
 
 inculcated in a city that the wiling of one adulterated article or 
 
 the manufacturing of a single hhoddy cloth, etc., should reflect 
 
 entire autonomy. "We do not t>elie\e in the usefulness 
 
 MV n-ligion. no matk-r how respectiihle it may l>e considered, 
 
 u hich do, i). i prot(K*t its communicants from dieating, d-< ei\ 
 
 and debauching one another. We do riot In-lieve tliatu}N'rson 
 
 lilU all that is required, l>y a true religion, in simply siiying tliat 
 
 he or she /*/' < s in acting hy one another as one would that 
 
 ther -liould act hy him or her No! beliei'intj is not sufficient, 
 
 ' -It'itifunl that lu> or she "////(> ln'lit'rex tin' docM*6 HMUt live 
 
 m ' \\e lxl : "v* in acts and do not put our confidence 
 
 in if they are unaccompanied hy deeds. We are, in a 
 
 //ex in religion as we are in etiquette, in the lxK>ks we 
 
 read, in the lessons we teach and in the IKTSOIIH with whom we 
 
 .!'. 
 
 resident meml>er in Pacific City will be encouraged to 
 
 I .i ducer. The victory of life is truly won when one gains 
 
 the habit of work." No matter what the position, culture or 
 
 .1 a colonist may be, he or she will be. better if he or slif 
 
 labor- in his or her vineyard, shop, laboratory, studio or factory 
 
 for four or more hours each working day. In every walk of life 
 
 have combined study and accomplishments with out- 
 
 do< : i have been the most vigorous in body and mind. 
 
 The ch.-iiping of a tree, the hoeing of a potato patch, the caring 
 
 for jKuiltry, the bringing in and milking the cows, etc., etc., will 
 
 i >:md to be much more in keeping witli good health and go<xl 
 
 morals, for nun, women, girls and boys, than practicing on 
 
 horizontal bars, swinging Indian dul>s and using other de\ices 
 
 made to cater to the ill-directed tastes of a leisured-lazy class that 
 
 they n -isc themselves from doing something useful. While 
 
 then- are hom.-s to build, rivers to control, streams to bridge. 
 
 Library of Congress* 
 
irks to b. :nmf\ . \\ :M. plaC68 to 1** Maim, 
 :i-h t protect, trees to plant, eotton to pi-k,- 
 
 .1 be no lack of physical an<l manly - inde- 
 
 ! I'tilicial means to develop the mu- !- an<i < 
 
 >i'j"tites to our j>eople. I jet :i community on* mak- il 
 
 \\ ii that to labor, IIJMHI details in a i'xed plan, is to U- on the 
 
 t . honor and to preferment, and there will I*' found plenty 
 
 of JH r ..nsof culture, skill and merit who will join the ranks. ea<-h 
 
 day. to make high plac -s low and low pla< es Ix-autifnl. I take it 
 
 ! inner or the mechanic does not ha ve to hit at si]^|x-ndi>d 
 
 eandl. to turn themselves through tlying tra| /. s t> - t n;> 
 
 a healthy it- ulation; why therefore sh- idd tin-re he lime and 
 
 lr. !<d by artificial nn-a:in to : \ereise thelNNly: 
 
 We <-onsider it a wron^ against six-iet\ to put np ma< hint-s. to 
 
 an over-indulged elasH, s<> loit^ as then- remains so 
 
 rniieh to do in every plaee and at all innesto make this earth 
 
 of ours a lit plao- for ultured |H>i>*on to dwell njx>n. 
 
 Man is not put in this world for him.s. If alone. It is impo>- 
 
 hihie for any one man to make himself happy or iiM-ful. His 
 
 dnt \ i> to jrivi' t> siM-iety, at h >t, an tMpiivalent for what s< -iety 
 
 11 him, and anyone who lK-s not do this is unmindful of 
 
 his debts he or N!I- tak-s things of lahor and of -value without 
 
 giving- inethinj; i-qual in return. I r.^ons \\ ho retleet : s<rioiisly 
 
 .as it presents it.-rlf to-day, are he^inning to recog- 
 
 ni/A t! h jK-rsoii owes his or her first duty toothers 
 
 to s for certain it is, no one. man or no one woman ev.r 
 
 r her own talents or accomplishments, or sheltered. 
 
 fed. clothed or protected him or her>elf. We, believe that those 
 
 \\ 1; is and culture** should freely and gladly give them 
 
 ho will utilize them. This idea of justice will not 
 
 I... t, , -o^ni/.ed just at this time, for there is too much glamour 
 
 \i\ ine evil around us to nee, through the money mi>t of ae- 
 
 insion, tlie equity in anything. lfos\e\er, wienee, 
 
 M\ . invention and integral co-operation will yet combine 
 
 : the eyes of man to what is just and right, and noble. 
 
 s who have been most fa \ored. by constitution ainl by ii\- 
 
 ilion. will yet come to feel that they o\\ e most tootheix 
 
 ilc -\\ards of society. Ideas, talents, accomplishments and skill 
 
 much the product ftnd the outcome <-t the community in 
 
 which th.y have been fostered and obtaiiuxl as the unearned 
 
 Library of Congress, 
 
PAril 1C CITY. i; 
 
 tt\< n't from lain! is the outcome <>f the corning together of 
 
 HI -i i \ lit.-. 
 
 Integral co -.JM -ration tcach-s that a man amounts to abso- 
 lutely not! himself that in a d< >. rt, far a\\ a/ fr.nn his' 
 fell,, xv man. a Na|oleon or a lluinl>ol<lt is more helpl,-*s and di>- 
 Ufi thantibkunk ; that all that man is, or that In- may be, 
 1 will he, is d< pendent upon the ad\ antages which society 
 ha> . . n >r will give him ; that the man who lives hy hinuM-li' is 
 : .- nnt-naiif'tl hy (Jol, anl it i.^ only wh-n inan\ JM-I-SOIIS 
 kthered to^rtluT, un<l-r moroor U'ss dis<-ijlinr to think, to 
 . k and t- n->t, that the Divinity n-hirh is within man is callci 
 make man In-tU-r ami woman n..l>lrr. One man is no 
 mi. . :,pal le of striking tlie Divine Ibc whi< li is u itliin Jiim ly 
 liim ! than a i>hosphorons matrli is rapahl- of .striking tin- 
 \\ itliMiit a ^uitahle snhstan'-e t .strike against. \Vliene\i r a Man 
 undertaken to live hy himself lu-has ^one backward in eyery 
 thin^. in languai^e, in a|'ieai .nice, in eultun-. r J')iei- ne\er was 
 ;m-d man who lon^ liveil !y liim>elf. (Io<l ours<'S the JHTSOII 
 \\\m insists upon avoiding the fkM-iety of his fellow creatures. 
 1 1. !!. ( MX! coiinnands us to he friends and to associate t<>^ ( ther 
 in all the affairs of onr live^: and tlerefre those who think and 
 \\ h< .;!< ahle to ]>nt th.-ir thoughts into sha)H- hhould form plans 
 \liicli IMTS..MS of lii^h and low culture, of crude an<l skilled 
 r can all come int< incor[Mrate(l communities and live upon 
 uliich will enconra.v each to lo what he or she he.st . t n; 
 and. .it l he same time, to keep, distinct and separate, the individn- 
 ; each and every i* rson. As so* icty is organized ujioii 
 eniile or enlightenetl principles, jn>t in that pro]iortion will man 
 iv ward or progressive in coming to the true inu ardness of 
 In- ing and to the. import of the duty he owes to society which 
 ythinj; to liim. No man ran t ach himself how to do any 
 onvrtly. The time will come, therefore, when this will 
 In- ; >_rnised and by our Ix^st wx-iety, ami he and she who are 
 plished will gladly and freely give hack, with inhr.M. to 
 the \ ..ung, the principal (principle) whi<h he and she borrowed 
 i the old. 
 
 The better people of onr l>c>t >ociety will come to see thai 
 : City is the ba.siri for those \\lio are worthy to work <ut 
 their own salvation here on earth and now ; and to attain the 
 . *! and the greatest comforts in the quickest ]M>ssihle time, 
 who endow colleges and establish universities, libraries, 
 
 Library of Congress. 
 
18 JMf.7 /'/( (77T. 
 
 . may well think if it would mi U- better to use their 
 oil.' - t->;i i>tto establish a community win i- justice het\\- 
 man :unl mail may prevail. There should !. at 1- .i.-t, one 
 attractive place made in this wide, long World of om > where 
 tho:se who \\i^\\ to lead worthy lives, in well-diiv< ted labor UJM.II 
 thoroughly or^ani/iMl plans, ran do HO. \W wi>h that wt- hal 
 " <t /(H'ty-jHU'xoii power" U> hhow that " thin in // in// <nul the 
 
 By th- \\a\*and means of iiti-^ral co-o|Mr:ition which is t> 
 U j>ra -ticcd in Pacific City everything that is PNN! and useful 
 and flr\atin c-an he enjoyed. All that is elfpint, gcxnl an<t 
 ma^nitirt-nt in architecture can IR reprcnlnct <I, nt udies in oil can 
 adorn the walls of the most humble, studies in hron/e and marble 
 can stand in every j;ras8 plat, music ran 1- heard every hour, 
 chimes can call us to our public duties, to our amusements and 
 gatherings, the newest inventions can IK*, at once, put into H-r- 
 vice, every pajMT and ma^a/ine of the wnrld an IK- at the rail of 
 any resident stock-holder, the most eloquent preachers can be 
 encouraged to preach to us the best sermons fi.>m the most sd 1 
 J. \t-, the best c< Miked and served meals can Ix* at the command 
 of every citi/.en at the least i >t of lahorand time, and that repos<'. 
 whi<-h can come only where then 1 is a feeling of perfect security 
 for onest-lf and where tliere is a certainty tliat every fellow bein^ 
 >mfortahle and al>ove want, will be enjoyed in Pacific City as 
 nowhere else on earth. 
 
 Let all earnest people who are intent ujKm a better life, in our 
 da\ and generation, incor]Kratti with U8 in The Credit Foncier 
 ( 'ompaiiy and assist to build up and to beautify Pacific < ity a-nd 
 i" ( ultivate 'its farms, to operate ite factories and to OJK-U its 
 clearinghouses; and then we may all In- at rest in the midst of 
 work. 
 
 " Look forward and not back, 
 
 1 . ><>k in and not out, 
 
 Look up and not down, 
 
 Ami lend a hand. 
 
 MKXK-M CITY. 
 tli. 
 
 Litrary of Congress. 
 Owen. Paoific City. 
 
AN OPEN LETTER. 
 
 NKW YORK. No. : uu Street. 
 
 July I! tli, I 
 
 J. Km i \\ \i.i..\ri.;, Ks.^., Kd. "Brotherhood." Ireland 
 (/: 
 
 ; ) \ isiU'd our settlements in Sinaloa ami have 
 
 i \vith Mr. John \V. Lovell, Mr. ('. H. Huffman, Mr. Alvin 
 
 and myself with a view to acquaint yourself with the 
 
 Topol. po Co-operative enterprise, I a-.k the privilege to 
 
 >u ail o{cn letter an>wTiu^ st-vrral qiu-stiDiis from 
 
 .it Kn>;Iand n'laiing to the same; for a p n-ral 
 
 I*. 'f more service to all concerned than if 1 answen-d 
 
 i iin|uirer M-parately his own questions only. 
 
 I nXD n't M.id\ .|iiite yet to ^rive ])o^itively all the iletaiJs 
 
 tit-- plan of introducing l'a-itic ( 'ity to the puhlic? 
 
 lut a> the suhjf.-t is ofu. of KT<-at and essential in|Mrtan< e to 
 
 I - < .|K i at i..ri in iN HI-M! and inter-dejH-ndrnt parl>, 1 
 
 ke thi> >pp rtiinitx t- outline its financial feature^, fhat 
 
 I may be stul\in^ them over*; and while doinjj HO, 1-1 IIH- 
 
 \\ ho are en-o]MTatiii with us in this new departure 
 
 ! OTCfl "f these words hy Tlu-odore I'arker: " Yon and 
 
 i i foi i-arth. may toil also for heaven, and every day's 
 
 In- a Jacoh's ladder reaching up nearer to our <iod/' 
 
 1 >;u-l pretty much these words to friends in a puhlication 
 
 l.tt'-'l heeemlHT J{(>, IHtX), andat tlie same time ^a ve an est im.i i 
 
 v -, wliieh would probahly be received from tin nlefl of 
 
 - in I'ax-itie City, and also Bu^psU'd how tliK-me mi^rht 
 
 .:> priated. Since that dati we have cleared up several 
 
 n-lating to our city site ami to its immediate Mirronndisi. 
 
 tin- mo>t important of which were the snrvevin^ and mapjin^ 
 
 ^n nitu rid, which have secured, for the purposes of 
 
 [KTatioii, the hays. ti>iu i .. , island^. slmn-M and puh- 
 
 ii l.iii Is 1\ in<^ within fifteen miles, mi-a-Min-l jne\i\ dire-tion 
 
 from our stone pier on the north shore of the Straits of Joshua ; 
 
 \\ c have built (lie Custom HOU.-M , completed our great cut, 
 
 1 
 
 Library of Congress. 
 Owen. Pacific City. 
 
JO AN OPEN LETTEH. 
 
 . 
 that the water of tin- Fnerte Kiver actually w flowing over our 
 
 Mochis farming lands, and h:\e had my railroad concession 
 approved iiy the Mexican Congress ami promulgated (Jinn 
 
 I need not hesitate longer to enlarge a Hltle more ujon the 
 details and attractions, than I havedaml to do before for obvious 
 reasons, of our great and comprehensive CO-OJM. rathe enterprise 
 in North western Mexico. 
 
 I take this occasion to rtmate that there /- no morlytuji' UJM>H 
 racfjii- City site. By virtue of my (Colony eon- esn.n, and moneys 
 alreadx paid to Mexico, tin- Hhores, islands, bays and public lands 
 in the /ona Sanitaria are being put in trust forever for the use 
 of the citizens of Pacific City ; and as I control, by virtue of my 
 ( olony concession, the right to the Maritime zone or water front 
 and. htf rirtue of intwst to mefnnn jtrivate ftersons, of one-fifth 
 (or ;.M) JKT cent.) in Pacific City aito pn>iiT f and as I, by virtue of a 
 power of attorney from the other private owners of Pacific City 
 site, which }Hnwr if tittorm*y is irrcw>cable l cause it is cvnjth<l 
 with the said onc-jlfth interest in said city #ite, I control the 
 entire site of said city, and hare put the same aside for the pur- 
 poses s^t forth in integral co-o|>cration ; and it remains for me 
 now simply to set aside, for the owners of said property, 25 ier 
 rent, from the money which will I* 1 received from the sales of 
 said lot -uses until $2<M),()00 ha\c l>eeii paid ; after which all the 
 money for lot-u>es may be used a > set forth in the pai>er which is 
 to accompany this letter. There is no time set for all or for any 
 part of said payment to be made. Those at interest know that 
 my life purjH^e lias l>een for over nineteen years and is in this 
 enterprise, and that in every way possible I push forward tin- 
 work which is to give them their price and our settlers their 
 homes. The method is the freest possible from entanglements or 
 misunderstandings, for it will pay to the property-owners all that 
 they asked, and it will in no way embarrass those who settle 
 upon the lands. It is simply a contract that when a dollar is 
 iv.d from the sale of lot-uses that 25 cents will U- put a^ide 
 for the proj>erty-owners until $2(M),(MM) have been pit id them; after 
 \\hich the piMjKTty will be put in trust forever for the purp< 
 of integral co-operation. 
 
 The plan is profit sharing from the first to the List, and in 
 .every in-t.nce the largest returns proportionately and the 
 highest < onsideration are given to those irh.t fntrr only lulmr tn 
 it. In no way, in connection with the Pacific City site or 
 
 Library of Congress. 
 
/:. 
 
 /ona Sa.e .1 ill illt4 i 
 
 1. HIM) : , \\ . |, : ,y |,, tin- 
 
 fJ p< r I" ,( Injun //v / 
 
 .';>/' />/' fnnn $! In >V... >/ <>,- fur $ . ,,, ,/// ,, 
 
 icrs tfet.s his or hi-r /. for the nimini'jni 
 
 : almoM. nothing; ami it is only tin- cl \.i.th li-.ur 
 
 f die who \vati lies and \\aits anil li. i .,;. and 
 
 <|.>ui>(s ami mil e\. i \ i i>k has been taken, every dis< >m 
 
 .1 sutlered and every diflieulty has hi CM ,.\i n C.IJH- 
 \vhoha-to [Hiy roU&dljT for li -usi-s. an<t who \\ill n. ! ^<-t any 
 the p ! |in>iniuiiis an<l <iividr?i<ls li-ri-at'tcr nii-ntioni'd. 
 I > \v' uii(lt>rsliiiiil it, t'i.r ii is tin- lir^t frw th.*u ,.nnl 
 our lamis whii-h u ill niakt- int< -r;il < <.j>-r.jt inn a 
 'i's-l'iil i iiii-rpris* 1 . It will !.< thosr- men and wntn.-n who will 
 lo thr ->.- . 1 rity >ih- and t-r. 't for th i nisclv'S tlic lir>t 1U.<MM> 
 h, >!.>> win- will hav- the ^: lal-r t !, all th- trials t. 61 
 
 jH-rifii; > and all tho duhts to ovcrrnrnr. Tlu-y will !< tin- 
 nil n \\hv> \vill lay dr.-jt, wid.-, hruad and soli<l tli*' foundation 
 .d i-o-MjH-raii.iii : and from what tln-y will do \\ill ^i..\\ 
 a ina--iiti' :y hy the sc:i. and the liixt rij-e and 1 -,! fruits 
 
 of tin .vaid'd to them. The who follow alh r 
 
 iltl and shall !> required to pay n-asoiiahly f ( r the 
 lM-n-tit- th-\ will di-riv- i ; .MI the \\ nrk tlu'n aln ady done; hen< . 
 
 iv hoiiit> huilder up to IO,(MM>, irltu 
 Jiui ' ' principle* of integrri co-operation, vvftl receive a 
 
 pi-eminni <iuite equal to J^.IT'J (l'mt <1 States nion- \ . and 
 
 H! and true friend who has taken and held one 
 
 ^ of the series Known as "the promoter-' sharvs of 
 
 ; ierCoinpai <k. ".shall rc-i ve on a< h and 
 
 :.tl dlvidondn quite equal to *1 . HS . I "nit* <1 Siat-> 
 
 i ol \\hieh is to he j)Po\ ided for (Mil. of tli- funds r - 
 
 :u tht sale >f lot-us<-s; )mt in -hall the said 
 
 premium or the said sjeeial dividend p> to any "had 
 
 . >r fo heirs vsho are not resident home huild-rs of 1'a- ilie 
 
 jr. In. ^\ ay. at all tim.-s, ue try to in- ul.-ate that i i- t-. 
 
 our homes and to pcrfeet our liome industries that are 
 
 !.-d : and our aim is to diseoiira^e in e\.T\ u a y and 
 
 wh i u.- ran ahs*'nt-'i.-;Tii in every form. These s/n mi/ 
 
 /.///Jxare particularly and geOflTOtSftly given that home hi'ildr 
 
 home lij,. and lioine virtue m.-ry he pr.^-jin-d at hmne. 
 
 [n the Mochia tract I own 7000 aorea in my -wn ri^ht or in 
 their equivalent in tl ii of The Kaiisjis-Sinaloa Investment 
 
 Library of Congress. 
 
 fir; CitV. 
 
-i.v <>/>i:\ /,/;'/// 
 
 !i!p:my ; and this interest I ha\ ' already : put in 
 
 tru-t NO that it can be iis,-d to establish Ult< i in 
 
 >ii!.il..'i. Tin- Kan.sa.s-Sinaloa Investment < ' .inp.iu\ li:ts a h ead v 
 
 i i believe, for a lar-e part of t!i> Modus trait and )' 
 contract to buy all that i> Mill in tin* hands of the Trustee, I Ion. 
 ,l..hn II. Kice, ct New York. This emhra< s all oi M. 
 
 opting about 4,000 or 5,000 acres held by i M-M . ,:entl< man. 
 
 Tin ( 'redit r'oncier Company has a c. Hit ra- t.hny all tli-lanls 
 win. li Tin- Kan>a>-Sinal';i Invcstim nt r.ni|>an\ lias ! ,11,; lit <>r 
 jnay buy. ari'l all the nnprovrincnts it n;ay niak<- in .sinalo.i. 
 Thf lands will rust us ; ; l><>Mt 5^5 pi-r a< r- . \\hat th l lMt<h 
 actually co^t has nt y< -t IM-I-II r.-pnrt-.l. t\ i Th- Kan- 
 I n vest i IK 'tit ( 'ompany ha- nut \t>( closnl 
 
 Tlu- ( n-ilit Kinii-iiT * Onipany was n<>t .i!l<' t...irr\ .-ut rny 
 plan, >!!.:_;< -t-<l >n pa-gcJl, Intt-j^ral ( -u|. i-ati.n ; h-iu I had 
 to make th- b-st contra' I 1 < ould an<l hn\ t'r-oin M-mnl parties; 
 but th> im-ni'V pai*l K M '^ mostly to friend hpncc it \\ ill U- n 
 within tin- ( 'uluny ; but M t In* uhli^atioiis ha\- to b<- t ul tilled h\ 
 \..\-fnilx-r. 1 *!">. it now i>e. ..nn-s nTi->sary . in-t- ad <-i ..jH-nin^ 
 
 the |;i)|d^ (fee to tht> U^,. .,| all.Ils I had hoped, to s. || (he ii . 
 
 the said lands in >-ries ,.f l.unii aej--s-iisefl at a tived pf i< the 
 pri< e |M r /ir/r-//.sr (. be |u\s in the tii -t M ries and to i i>e ^radiiall\ 
 higher in i-arh sn- !in- the same ide;i \\ ,- illu>- 
 
 t late \\ Ith the lot-Uses in 1' |fie ( . Thi.s \v ill -i \ e li- t he 
 
 \\a\sand mean-; to < .IIH el ;iil uf The K.ins.is-Sinaloa I n \ - 
 
 ( 'on ) pai IN '.s -ttx-k, scrip and other pa|>ers. \\ ill put the M Mid 
 
 the Pitch into The < 'red it Konri.-r ( 'oinpan\ . 1 1 e. <t nd in-ein-uin- 
 
 d. and \\ill ^i\>. n-; ;i chance to ^i\e t. uur lii-t ' :: 
 within a f'\v year-, a prendum lur eacl am- <-ulti\ ad-d. xvhi-h 
 \\ili ainuunt to srveral times more ca-h inon-\ than they ha\e 
 {aid. Iruin tir^t to last, in ^uin.LT t< and K' ttni ^ r themselvei 'in 
 Ji. ujH.n the company's lan<ls. I cannot \\hat the 
 
 plan may U- until after I ha\e ^on' over the del., : ; , 
 the < M6 v\ ith trieiiils Hotfman and Hreidejjthal. It takes ;l little 
 time !'T us to K't together and to pro|* rly a<ljust detaiU. but if 
 
 r to ^u slow and sure than to make a -tep whicli mav }-,.. 
 to be d. However, friends ina\ re- i--uied that tl 
 
 will le in. difficulty in the way to >ur s, - urin^ the .M<>-hi> fn-e of 
 i< e : but we wish the earnest ..... (M-ration and the full 
 eiiniidi-ii'-e i.f all jMM'sons interested in inti-.ui'al ' >-< .Deration, and 
 at the time and in the way \v j^m- due and published not; 
 
 Library of Congress* 
 ir; Citv. 
 
.LY OPEN /./:/ /'/:/;. 
 railroad a from Topni. - to n. --i-h,. .1. 1 
 
 , about '>" milt 8, .UK! \N liirli ! ;a\v 
 
 .hi 1 ' '-ill I nn :ilniiit to ( i, .-,. a runt r.-n t 
 
 \\ hi- h \ i. ' i ; . 'i-esMon to Tin M Ktcaii-West^rti I 
 
 ptinx ill full payiiientfor tin same ;i!i of th, 
 
 >! said company, and ;i . out rn t to build and to 
 
 fi" roftd an sections of fifteen null .mpleted. 1 e;m- 
 
 iioi i.. foiv the papers of <-on' -d. lut 
 
 -of my routr.l. t. Will In- til.' -.Ill u ; ^ 1 1|. \ f 
 
 only. in-t>-:il of suhsnly Itoml.-.. I --t alioiit ;,<MM) 
 l,iinls*|HT inih- of r;iilroa<l constni-t.-.l. or in all 
 hCm, if tin- <>.~() riiiii-s an- omplrtrd. 
 
 1 ; -ntr:icl as an in<livi<hiul and not .t- lh n-prrs-nt- 
 
 <lit Konci. r < 'oinpanv. Tlif ( 'n ,1n 1 . .nci.-r ( 'oin- 
 
 in :i> \vay at :in\ tiiiM- aU am 4-.1 a dollar or t.tkt-n any 
 
 i \ iailr.ad cui n r.xcrpt Jim th ^"i,(HM nf -t<H'k 
 
 it ' v v.-ars a.L'o in Tin- T-\as. To|K>loh.nnpo and 1'aritir 
 
 1-iit that <-oni|>;iny ha> >!!) IMM-OMK- extinct. Th' 
 
 i. lik> th- Pacitk- ( 'ity sitr, the Xon:i Sanitaria. th' Mochis 
 
 t. >ta'ids. at presf-nt. U|x>n its own Ih.ttoni. and like 
 
 th-i> it rxjM-.-is to li-p nd upon it> o\\n revenues i-- 
 
 n obligations : a?i! if it or any on> of th.- others should 
 
 !. UK- failure \\ ould not in any way add to the ohli^at loii^ of 
 
 theotners; hen--e it may he >>en that we h\ "put 
 
 uiultT five ditfej-ent and separate ln-n- ; and after the 
 
 i hatched we will ^t't them all to^et her, in ^CMX! form. 
 
 in: t ie and call it The Credit Fourier < 'in|ar\ . 
 
 Tliis was my plan from the fhM.hut I never yet have had 
 
 :ii"d <u>-o|H'ration nnd menu- t- do just as 1 mo I ed, 
 
 have had to tfo uloii- ould. In the end, 1 
 
 think B will appreciate what we will ha\" gotten together 
 
 in had we had no dilh'culti' Mirinoimt. Strujj 
 
 .1 hand of determined nun and . !t \\rkin^ at the 
 
 . unite* thrm into a plialanx of th and r "nf 
 
 pnrjxj?- ITpOM i . ;>d the plan ha.- heen well 
 
 :na> !> indulge I in. 
 
 ,<; the raiii ' I wish 
 
 \\-ork upo! ; and to be -mpl 
 
 in its operation. H f, tliere wi!i be no p-: 
 
 the matt r. Tho 
 | will r< amounting tu 
 
 Library of Congress. 
 
 M* CltV. 
 
34 I V o/ /;.%' LK'I 
 
 $9 f<>i -lit hours' \\ork; ami :;i- r the li; 
 
 finished everv r-diare of the common -fo ( ! i the said 
 in.,1-1 will be put /// triifit for the use "i in!' ration 
 
 ill from nif to th< ons >i Pacifn md 
 
 \\ ith the stock will also p> every aere >f I md which 1 ma\ obtain 
 i\ rirtue of aid contract, free and unencumb r- I. t. for- 
 
 r /// trust for the use of int^^ral co-<|>-ration Aii\inr who 
 kn \ tiling al>oiit ;t railroad kno\\-> th.it tin- party who 
 
 hol<l> th romtnon sttn-k owirs the railroad- IH-IHM*. li- color 
 who work will get the largest wages ov.'i- paid to l.iiioriiiLr MH-II, 
 aixl they will <wn the load and its equipment, and all the land-, 
 whirh may have been - <-mvd by me. on In- < <>inplM j,>n of 
 lions r! B9 miles: and at the same (inn- the rajn'taliM-; ,jrt ftft 
 da x-curity for their inxestinent and a-; iai..:- a return, in 
 Moitpi^e Bonds. I'n-ferrel Stock .'iid pxnl lands for the 
 nionev advanced for ni;ileri;ils as may an\ where eU- j>c Jud. 
 
 Th- first section of our railroad is e;i to build. -With the 
 
 same nmuber <>f men and animals as\s.- employed OH tbo ditch 
 
 ild lini-h it inside of tlu-ee niont !>, and it \\ ill hrin^ into 
 
 n\i\ ..crex of timber, valley, plateau or 
 
 coast land*, in one tract or in a hundred as we may select, in one 
 
 <ii in all "I the ti\,- Northern S 1 ' Mexico. This fir^t st-efiori 
 
 o;id NN ill jJivc luivn. to and '"' n the jrn-at inino of the 
 
 rra Madre and from the p-ople in the Valleys of the Fuerte 
 
 and Sinaloa, ample to pay from the siart, the interest on the 
 
 lii>t M'.i tu r aL r( Bonds, dividend* on the preferred st<x-U ami in- 
 
 -t <n the Ine.,un HOIK is. Never was anything, that had not 
 
 . tpjH-ned, more sure than this. 
 
 The Income Bonds, all of which I will re.-.-ive as contractor, 
 le Mit1i< lent to pay handsomely the labor employe.! and to 
 buy the neee>sary foxl ar.<l cltthes, et< .. us.-,l by th - empl. 
 
 the railroad; and the interest of s;iid Bonds is imt (-nly 
 d by the revenues from the railroad, but thei,- 
 
 nantee provided for the same in the re\enue from the 
 , t UN s in Pacific ( 'ity. 
 
 In regard to the Colony Concession, the In : .-n 
 
 I,N Hon. Johr If. Rice and m\ --It . .Iul\ 82, I86t, befon 
 
 Cn lil Fon'-i.-r ( 'omj ,uiy was in existence: the j n ^ 
 
 ken out by invM-lf February '. In fieitln r in- 
 
 n any ocrusiofi ! ad- 
 
 : ; any other work in c<'im.cti.u 
 
 Library of Congress. 
 ~ pn\fio City. 
 
.l.V OPEN LETTKR. 25 
 
 \\ it It the securing of the said concfKsionft. It is not pro|x*kd in 
 any way ut any time to charge Tin* Cn<dit Fonciur Company 
 with a dollar in this connection. The railroad and Colony Con- 
 oewions, the surveys of 4,000 miles of routes running out from 
 Tupolohampo, the mapping of the Sit -mi Madre and the expenses 
 attending the developing of Topolohaini>Q and its vicinage lias 
 rust persons whom I have interested in the different projects, be- 
 i \\een 1^1-86, something over 400,000 in gold. I, personally f 
 have been since September, 1872, working to bring TopoloUunjM) 
 into the notice of the world. The money which hits been from 
 time to time advanced, in one way or another, in connection with 
 Topolobumpo up to 1886 was advanced for 8j>eculative purposes 
 and has been, to all intents and purjioses, lost in the regular ways 
 of our (.M methods of doing business ; but I do not intend that 
 anyone, groat or little, rich or poor, who has ever advanced a 
 dollar in any way to develop Topolotampo shall lose a cent if I 
 can help it ; and hence, it may be seen in section 7, I have pro- 
 vided that said money will l>e paid back live-fold. The colonists 
 who take a promoter's share ot stock will eventually receive in 
 dividends 144 times his investment. Had these speculators of 
 years ago not assisted m in getting TopoloUynpO into shape our 
 colonists and I would never have had a TopolobamjMj to go Co. 
 An 1 so it will be seen all through our plans we aim at equity. It 
 has to be equity. There is no other basis for a correct community 
 to stand upon. 
 
 In regard to The Credit Foncier Company it will not have 
 any debt after Mr. Lovell, our treasurer, has time to see just 
 how accounts stand ; for he, Mr. Chidester, myself and two or 
 three others, who have advanced money to the company, from 
 time to time, will accept stock for the same, and every debt will 
 be cancelled. This is in accordance with the wishes expressed in 
 the " Memoranda of Agreement," made by friends and myself at 
 the Colony, March 16th, 1892. 
 
 The cash money received for stock since the organization of 
 the company, September 14, 1886, to June 1, 1892, equals $29,759, 
 and the property, tools, horses, wagons, etc., etc., received for 
 stock equals $29,316 a total in all of $59,075, or the equivalent 
 of 5,907 1-2 shares. If the indebtedness amounts to $15,000, 
 which will likely be the case, then there will be issued 1,500 
 shares more, which wiH make 7,407 1-2 shares, or say one-half 
 of the 15,000 shares which were originally set aside for the pto- 
 
 Library of Congress. 
 Pacific Citv. 
 
26 ^V OPEN LETTER. 
 
 moters, and asked to be taken l*fore a move was made towards 
 settlement (see " Integral Co-operation/' page *1). Hy the pmV 
 lished statement of Mr. Lovell, May 14, 18H7, it in ty l>e seen that 
 tin' total receipts at that time were $40,lU2.7!i, or 4,011) shares. 
 Since NoveimVr, 1890, the money received has gone, to The 
 Kansas-Sinaloa Investment Company. Owing to the ill-advised 
 :,i;tl premature rush to our colony during the winter of 1880--87, 
 the company was interrupted in its plans and order and ever 
 since, those in the lead have been struggling to leave goof the 
 life-line sufficiently long to get the Company organized in accord- 
 anre with the plan set forth in ** Integral Co-operation." 
 
 The "credits" upon the hooks of the company, whatever 
 they may be, on the first Monday in February, 1893, will be can- 
 celled by the issue of the said income bonds. Thus, by tin- 
 taking up of all debts by stock and the funding of all outstand- 
 ing " credits" into income bonds, The Credit Foncier Company 
 will start with an experience of six years in active colony service, 
 free from encumbrance and with as large and as attractive and 
 as varied a ')asis for usefulness as was ever before granted to an 
 association. 
 
 In regard to the reorgani tuition of February, 1893, of The 
 Foncier Company, the said "Memoranda of Ayrw- 
 means to say that The Credit Foncier Company will 
 be organized in strict (Wttrdtuice irith its charter and for the 
 to establish integral co-operation in Sinaloa upon strict 
 lines. The method of voting will be that as suggested 
 in " Integral Co-operation," pages 122-125. The ticket books will 
 lie prepared at our New York and Topolobampo offices from the 
 books of the company, kept by Mr. E. M. Hussey and Mr. Wm. 
 L. Patten, and a ticket will be sent in December to each stock- 
 holder, with instructions where to send the same after the stock- 
 holder has written his or her wishes, etc. There is no intention 
 of changing in any particular the principles or the plans of 
 integral co-operation as first and now presented. There will be 
 no change. Experience has taught us that we are in every 
 particular just right. Integral co-operation as we have laid it 
 out has never yet for an hour been tried. It is to try it that we 
 start next February to put our affairs in strict business shape. 
 
 In regard to salaries there has not been any paid, in cash or 
 in stock, to any director from the start to the present time, 
 excepting to a director to one lawyer Hawkinswho afterwards 
 
 Library of Congress* 
 
AN OPEN LETTER. 27 
 
 incited riot, betrayed his trust and had to fly from the e<l<ny. 
 His expenses \veiv paid to and from Minnesota and to Si naloa, 
 and, I think, $60 jer month for two month*) were jwiid him. Tim 
 directors, who have l>een inactive service, will revive i JMT 
 day in "credits." During the eight yean* that myself and 
 friends have been associated in this movement Mr. Lovell, Mr. 
 I'hidester, Mrs. Rowland and Dr. <'nx>ks, all of wliom became 
 charter members and din- -torn I have not heard one of them 
 mention "credits" or expense money in connection with himself or 
 herself. Friends in England or elsewhere may rest assured that 
 those who have inaugurated integral co-oj*ration in Sinaloa have, 
 IH'htrijtlt' in mind and not principal ; but when integral co-opera- 
 tion is once organized every one, insid of the organization, will 
 gain more than has ever IN -en gained before by the associates of 
 any organization, and that, too, after giving to every one the full 
 \ alue of his or her product. So far I nave not asked for anything 
 from The Credit Foncier Company in "credit**" or in money. I 
 haxe giv M my time for eight years, jxiid my own excuses and 
 put eash money into the wrvieeof the company, and in preparing 
 t.j it, for the colony interests. What I, and tho. who areimlmcd 
 with the sjnrit of thus movement, wish to gain is a home in Pacific 
 ( 'it \ -surrounded witli all the luxuries and cultures of high, in- 
 dustrial, intellectual and virtuous life, and with a contented and 
 progressive people iix the enjoyment of more individual freedom 
 in every channel of res IH *c table life than has ever been encouraged 
 in any community before Pacific City was inaugurated. 
 
 I invite the attention of friends to " Integral Co-o|>eration, v 
 pages 105-122, to "A Talk About Cities, their Past, Present and 
 Future," and to " A Co-operative City and The Credit Foncier 
 
 Company/* by John W. Lovell. 
 
 Your friend, 
 
 A. K. OWEN 
 
 Library of Congress* 
 Owen. Pacific City. 
 
PACIFIC CITY. 
 
 An estimate of the money to U derived from tin* sale of lot- 
 uses ami the iippropriation !' ihe same : 
 
 """""" 
 
 
 2 000 
 
 1 
 
 4 (MM) 
 
 B 
 
 r/ooo 
 
 I 
 
 
 4 
 
 10 (MM> 
 
 6 
 
 pj (MM* 
 
 6 
 
 | J (MM) 
 
 7 
 
 Hi (MH) 
 
 S 
 
 MM) 
 
 
 P.I.'. oOO 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 400.000.. 
 
 to 
 
 . LOTK^riXlM) ft: 
 
 500 
 500 
 
 $10.00 
 
 feo.oo 
 
 
 QOO 
 
 40.00 
 
 
 500 
 
 SO. 00 
 
 
 BOO 
 
 1UO.IK) 
 
 
 500 
 
 830.00 
 
 
 500 
 
 040.00 
 
 
 500 
 
 1,280.00 
 
 
 4N.OOO 
 
 1 J,04H).(K) 
 
 1 
 
 4S.<MM) 
 
 2,500.00 
 
 * 
 
 lo '.000 
 
 x2.i;-j 
 
 
 TOTAL 
 
 10,000 
 
 -,'o.KM> 
 
 40.000 
 H0.04M> 
 lOO.'MIO 
 ^JO.IMM) 
 
 <40.o<M; 
 
 im.(HM.(HM) 
 
 Tliis money ($217.^7.">,0(M)) nill he p;ii<l into the Paeilie City 
 Treasury, to John W. Lovll, trea>urT, No. W2 Nassiiu stnt't, 
 New York, ami th' sim- niay U- ;i))inpriat<Ml as follows: 
 
 1. Fifty ]er e-nt., or ^10H,n:J7..VK>, will he -inplo\cil t<> <>nn- 
 cvl the ^00,000* .wr<l to the land-owners of Pacific City site ; for 
 improving, Iteautifying and shading the streets, for j 
 the. parks and cii'-len, for building fa< % U>ries, mills, 
 puj;Hc haths, schools, libraries, miblii; offices, laundries, crema- 
 tories, restaurants, music halls, hotels, theatres, meeting-houses, 
 wharves, docks, storehouse, etc., for constructing ferry and 
 other Injiitw for our hurl^r, for putting on steamers and sailing 
 vessels to ply between Pacific City and Mexican raid United 
 States ports, for cutting the canals and inprovin^ tin water 
 front of Paciiic City, for making dry -docks, for e^tahlishin^ hos- 
 pitals, a sailors* home, a museum of natural history, a zoological 
 garden, for putting in el<M'trie power for lighting, heating and 
 motive purposes, for constructing street tramways, for 
 
 One-half of the said 60 ier cent, will be used for this purpose until the 
 aid $300,000 have been satisfied. 
 
 Library of Congress. 
 Owen. Pacific City. 
 
C/7T. 2ft 
 
 the removal . -^ :tu<l drainage, for supplying water from 
 
 the Ri\'i Fu-rie and Sinaloa and from artesian ami other 
 >ourc. -s, fur putting up hath houses and improving the hathim; 
 i < 'op. i* afiil on Saiila Maria Island, for making 
 shell and other improvrd drives fnnn tin- city t- ami along the 
 gulf :-hore. for laying an ocean eabl" (1<>!) mile>) fnnn I'arilic 
 <'itytol,a 1'a/.. for poli< in- and regulating the /ona Sanitaria, 
 for protecting tur li^ln-ri*^, ilu- st-al-. ill- <>\ -trrs, turtles. tortiis<', 
 etc., for making a mountain park n sort oi the ]N-nin.siila 
 of San I^n irio. and for le\ eloping ^eiu-rally the city uiul its 
 h,nd>. i>lands, a< ete. 
 
 -Ten (10) ]er cent., or ^1.7^7,5(K> will U- used to pay 
 t,. the tir^t 1(.(MM> resident home builders. This fund 
 \\ili _i\. .iiitualK $.,172 t. > each colonist, up to the mimlH r of 
 HUHH). who proridi > hiin^elt >r her>-lf \\ith a home' in Paeilie 
 Cii\. 
 
 -T.-ii (10) p-r cent,, or Jjai.727."HH). will he used to pay 
 dividi-nds iiiKiii the hrst I .". ) shares of stock sold hy The ( 'redit 
 lousier ('4i!npany. This will ^ive ventnally ^1,1H to every 
 -hare l>elon;in t" what are known as the promoter's shares. 
 
 t. Five (5) JM r <--nt., or $l.st':t.7.M), may IM- employed to 
 
 t whar\ es. wai elioiis-s. stations, and for providing ample ami 
 improved terminal faeiljues, for railrjids and steamshi|>s, OH the 
 
 i> -horeot ! -.Str:*it - if .Ittsliua an<l on Pintoeahiii, .Mumu- 
 
 ui and South Islands: free use of \\hieh \\\\\ | M > -^iven to Tlio 
 \i.:m Western Railroad C-ompany for niuety-Hino years, 
 dating from the |n'.M-nt railroad concession. 
 
 ."i. l-'i\e {.') j>ur cent, or |lo,sij:!.7:,o, may lx^ used for building 
 .iry ]nl)lic works and Fed^r.-il lUiildings for the Mexican 
 
 .11: I. r- instance.:! Custom House, a residence for the C'ap- 
 tain of the Port, a l*fst Office, a mctt'orological and signal station, 
 \ (piarantine station, a life saving station, a lighthouse on the 
 I'arallon de San Ignacio. electric rang- lights for the channel SO 
 that vessels can go in aruloutof To|M)lol>ant]>o Harbor at any time, 
 n th.e <lay >r niglit. without a ])ilot : and s*a,side n^idenccs for 
 
 lre>idi-nt f the Kepuhlic and for the ( Jovernor of the State 
 of Sinaloa. From this fund, also, will come the money necessary 
 
 uild residi-nee> tor all foreign consuls who may be appointed 
 to Pacific citv. 
 
 6. Five (.") iM-reent., or ttO,^>:J,7r>u, w ill be employed to build 
 and furnish three commodious and model hotels, in the Spanish- 
 
 1 Library of Congress, 
 
80 PACIFIC CJTV. 
 
 Moorish stylo of architecture (it is sn^estcd), and filial with 
 every modern convenience and luxury. Those will U erected on 
 Hotel Terrace, Mount Joshua and the Kara lion de San Itfnacio.* 
 
 7. Five (O per cent., or $K,sG:J,7.">o, will be set aside to jriinr- 
 nntee the principal of ''0,000 (f 100) Income Konds wM 1: v, ill be 
 issued by The Mexican Western Railroad Company to pay for 
 the construction of the first 100 miles of railroad from Itayside to 
 the upper Puerto Rivjr Valley; and to pay hack, flw-/ol<l. all 
 money which httrf at any time, in any way, by any person, been 
 used to promote To|H>lobainix) and it* enterprises through the 
 solicitation of the founder of Pacific City. 
 
 8. Ten (10) per cent, or $21,727,500, will be used, at the dis- 
 cretion of the founder of Pacific City, to promote and protect the 
 divers interests of integral co-operation in Sinaloa. 
 
 t>. The Mexican Western Railroad Company will give the 
 citizens of Pacific < 'ity special rates for themselves and for their 
 etftcts, products, etc., over its railroad system, as follows: 
 
 The passenger tariff, for wild IXTSOIIS over said railroad and 
 its branches, will never exceed one cent, Mexican money. ]>er 
 mile, for adults (twenty years of age); minors from ten to 
 twenty years will pay one-half of said tariff, and children below 
 that age, in the charge of an adult, will ride free. 
 
 All building materials, coal and products for manufacturing 
 in Pacific City, in Villa de Mochis, or Vegaton ; and freights for 
 their own personal uses, received or sent by said persons, over 
 said railroad and its branches, will be carried at a tariif not to 
 exceed one-half cent ]>er ton, or per cubic yard in bulk, per mile ; 
 and bundles, ]>arcels, packages, l>oxes, etc., less than fifty pounds. 
 or less than one cubic foot in bulk, will be carried between 
 PaciuV City. Villa de Mochis, and Vegjitoii and all intermediate 
 stations, for the uniform tariff of ten cems JMT bundle, etc., and 
 to and from Pacific City, to and from Villa de Mochis, and to 
 and from Vegaton and all stations beyond Vegaton, the uniform 
 tariff of twenty-five cents per bundle, etc., will l>e charged said 
 persons. Effects, products etc.. by the carload oi ten tons or 
 more, will be carried, by said railroad system, for said JMTSOIIS. 
 
 *The lnttr will le "The Sanitarium," <>n a nok -U>4 fevt hijjh, with about 
 ii acres of suilar. on top. , ml twelvt* miles in tli.- (Julf of 
 
 direellv fronting our harlx>r. Th- Tii Top House, on Mount Joshu.-i. will 
 Mftfoet ftM)vi- (h- hay. an. I t)i' TopoIotMUii] o HOUSI- will be 175 feet above the 
 Straits of Joshua ami fiv nnnutes' walk from our landiug. 
 
 Library of Congress. 
 
 Owen. 
 
/.i< il'lc C/TK 31 
 
 for the uniform i iiv -dollars IMT carload, li'twocn 
 
 I 'if v :iini \ .--atoii Mini -ill int< rim-dial-' sl;itiolis. :ui.l lo ;irul from 
 
 md to and from \V^at<>n nnd all stal inns IM-\ <MI.| 
 
 -ii, ami \N--t "t tin* siiiiiinit on the Mtorra Madre, for th 
 
 uniform tariff of ten doUara ; and t ami I'nun J'aciii<- < its ami 
 
 iii'ii .in<l all .station- .-aM of tin- MI ill sunuuit. 
 tin- unit i :n tan.'l' ol lil'hMMi dnliar-. 
 
 10. Tin- Mc\i< -an \V.--| t -i-n i;:iiln>ai| ( 'ompany will rhar^c said 
 jH-i 'ii>;t<-rm rati of ten -rnts -Mexican money; for imv- 
 
 uC tw(-iity wor. 1 -. OVOT it t*li^r;,jili and tvlrphuiu- liiu-s, t( 
 and from all station-, in its ctntrol. 
 
 Comp. i jn-ixoiis running strain or otli-r \vssels to and 
 
 from Tacitic City, will !> ask- -i to ?nak- like i-on. < ,--i ( ii- to said 
 JXTSOIIS. and for tln-ir HlVrts. | :odnct->, ct-. 
 
 A. K. OWEN. 
 Ni:\v YOKK, -July 11, *<J:. 
 
 Library of Congress. 
 Owen. Pacific City. 
 
 
-/. 1 1- 
 
 TIM'. sTl.'KKTS <>r 1;|C < TI'I I'.S. 
 
 Ml M [PAL ' 
 
 JI-:t.ssi -\ M !!:< 
 
 . i; k.ot'th commiMion appointed 
 
 :. time n;, r . !>\ I'n-tdent llani-'ii t . ,(elhe sir- 
 
 ami suhwa\s of Washington nnd< r an ,t< . of t'on^re^. snh- 
 mitted their report to the PH-M.I. n: to-day. EVeftideut Harridon 
 \vill !. iy the report I ! < 9 ;nnl < I MHHM n-1 tli.tt. it !>< 
 
 printed for wide distribution, a . vi-ry l-uv nnm 
 
 }..ilit\ in llu- r.-iindv. '! lie in. .t this n >Mi!iiK-i n 
 
 iBeero of wide reputation. Tlu-v h.i\.- -tu.licj ih.-ir Mihject 
 
 fully. h.\ \ i-.it .1 t -.ei'M in <.!: 
 
 \\ith the author ! ail the leadiirj; eiiies of the 
 
 [Jnited Stataa, and their report \\ill mal n>\. !. not to say 
 
 a>t'in(liu^;, r mlati .i!-. The Around idea of the report i.-. 
 
 that the n 1 1 in i<; i pal it y ihould own it treets ill every - oae f tli* 
 
 term. Thus the report ruiiuii'-inl.s that very muni* -ipalil \ >h>ulil 
 imiitl:- v t-e;ir lin. s that t ra ver-e t h" ^t reels. Tin s^toint t. 
 tlie ( ii\ of 1'aii- Ofl a striking- illustration of the jn'aeti- al u-.i-fu!- 
 
 S of the -tion. TheCity.of I'aris u\vns all its trainu 
 
 and i -very ten ye; us t he i-ntii -\ -t. -u . ,1 out to the hi.uli'^i 
 
 ponrfbie bidder. The n-sult in that the city reoeires an annual 
 
 rental of .\IMI.MMM tranes; that Btreet-COI tra\.-l in 1'aii- i- 
 chea[H-r than in any other city in the world, Mid that transit i- 
 
 more rapiil and in every w; t y the public is l ;t-r sr\.l. By 
 muuieipal ownership all i|iie>tions of rapid transit, transfers, et<-., 
 WOttld be better solved in the pjihlie interests than is jM)>sihle 
 now. where the profit of the Corporation ownin- the lint -v i> the 
 ;uair i-oiisidcration. 
 
 The 1- port i. eninmcntls further that the municipality s 
 in all eases own the -j;:t^ \\ ,! !. -. v :ii. r works an-1 elect rie l 
 \vlu-rv\er tin y exist. The City of Philadelphia is cited in, sup- 
 
 Library of Congress 
 Owen. Pacific City. 
 
fJ 1 OF /;/<; en II ;*> 
 
 .cnmmcndatioi, for the municipal . >u r,. r~l,ip of 
 
 liiv. -tor>,,f th.it nit. rpn 
 
 MI: hi'wiiitf the complete si; I (| M . pl.m. 
 
 It i ; ! i, i in Npit<> of (he waihbls which .it ,n<- time or Mu- 
 
 ll -I to tin' K;IH works, the j*-ople ,,f Philadelphia have 
 1 than would IK- ti.-i- caM und.-r pri\ah- >u m r 
 . 'I'l- h;t nv'ivt'4l ;i liaiKl.-xiiiir M'\r|iUf. nilil li:is IM-- 
 
 . -I JuM-iiornious sum that would hare been paid for the 
 
 . ji!:n\-l^ i>rix;>t<> -uinpanif*s. Ju lln matter of .\\iin^ 
 
 A -ri.-. "tl rity of Baltimore M quoted t>h>\* tiiat \sith 
 . ; kl ownerahlp the nupp^ of water In far more grin-rous, 
 
 i.!\ far su|Mrior and t>\p. ^so strikingly smaller, and Uiat in 
 . l uM-iK's o\vir HUpj I y *fpr sanitary ami lin- i-xtin.L ui -h 
 i.^ out <*f all pr n to th<> (M-iti.-s \\ h.'j-- pri 
 
 contn'l *tlu> lui .nrss. S^iniil.irly tli ar^unn-nt ) 
 I iiit for rlivtric li^htin.-: aiul for otlu-r pnhlic \\orks. Tin- 
 :;.K(. vh< -incut in its tiv.it Tnrut <>f tin- trli-^raph roni- 
 Ll .ilhulos in thr stroiip-st lafc/nair*' t< T!M- -i. -limit <li.-iv- 
 \\-st*Tiirnuii T l'^ra[li Con|).in\ r of tho onlvrs 
 
 . nances of tho muiiicipaUtiea, and iviVrs to th- - 
 
 t. nipt \s ith which the con^pany f HIS in Washiup;tji tivatl tin* 
 .mi tif tVtn^i l>nry its wires. Tho 8t;iU>im-nt that 
 
 lui! > inij*-l .-. ilmir working is (U-im-d hy tin- <-oin- 
 
 ! position is advaiuvd ly tin 1 c-oiunus.sion that 
 
 ittin.ir of franchises to stn-<-t-<-ar lim-s, wat-r <'oni|ianii^. 
 
 ;panii\s, ft* 1 ., is thr most fruitful sonrr<- o.t rtirniptimi in 
 
 : ii. - -.a. M.I < -ounrils. l^ir-'ly. it is t laimol. arr tin-si- fran- 
 
 t li ^rantedNrithoat the expenditure of v,>t HHUS of money 
 Lhoee entitled to vott* away thos< francEisea. 
 rork, ;'IM .'onunission Ix-lirNrs that experfence in 
 
 d other cities amply pn^ it the best iervk can 
 
 l municipalttiefl by idf-ownership of all public 
 
 Tpris-cs nsin^ t)i i b-d ( .L thr stn-- t> for tin- >T- 
 
 ih.-n : nt;d out l>y tin- municipality to iliv high- 
 
 !.- hiild< ; . 
 \\ .!>.('.. 
 
 rary of Congress. 
 -n. Paoific City. 
 
 

 
 
 I' \< 'UK < TI'Y. 
 Tir I'-iPM.irv M. i 
 
 , Nov. id, 
 /:<////>/ Tin- -Tint i;> iihi,\-s : 
 
 ' > i and Schenck, of th- commission appoir.Jnl 
 
 isome time :ip hy l'i; id- nt Harrison t . investigate the ' 
 and sfilm as s of Was)' in^ton under an 
 
 mitti-i! tlirir n-|>>rt to tln rp-siili nt, \\ v lo will lay tin* n-port 
 IM t.rc ( 'uu^rt >-, ami r <-oinincu<l that it ! printed for wide 
 tVilmtim. rs it < OIKM-IMIS >v<-r\ larm- municipality in tlu- count f } . 
 
 |;\ j> : r tlM.u^h'i anl dittcriminatkm who ha\' <-r 
 
 .stihly i-i -rMtly to the subject, HhA8 been eeen that iindi-r ]M)liti-al 
 int'tl"i|-> \ man been a sad and lamentable failure ; 
 
 that- tfiedeao -.init:iti<ii. morals, c< luration, ciitcrtainincnt, 
 
 public worki and pubHo einploynentd in ritii-;. <-\.-n undrr tin- 
 < oiulitions . cnipUiN !. ither in Europe or Anieri< 
 
 Liii^C in almost rvt-i-\ i -ntial for Oorrcet and Iiaj|y an<l 
 pro - i-t.ns lif' : and ut- an- i.t ^urpris<-d tln'rofcn> to ^-t- th- 
 int-r<->t that I'r . -xl.-nt Hai ri-. .it ;-nd sonn- of the l-idin>; j)ulli'- 
 nit-n. in the Uni1-d Stat**-. are taking in this diivrtion. 
 
 \\. i-i ad. also, \vith j>l-a ni' in the North Aim-ri' an I 
 
 '.iM-r. l v il, "How to Improve M uiiicri pal Government" 
 arti"lt >. ly tin mayors of four of tin- prominent < -itir-; m tu, 
 
 nag rrjMihlir. 
 
 Hon. Thomas 11. Mart, < -x -mayor of Boston, Tin- con 
 
 1 duty of the immediate futfire.it .-,eem> 1 > me, lie> n, 
 ion of M'mplifyinu;, improving and, perhaps, en! 
 Municipal ( lov.Tnment. No < -i 1 t n, will , 
 t-rned that do. -, t;ot ii:\ite the }\\ 'alent, and that fail 
 
 !o. he Inchest inducciiK nt to men of li^ht and lMn: 
 
 The prohl- ernmnt, I heli< ve. ean n. VT he >, 
 
 |.f by til If and hv its h(me cit i 
 
 r. i men of municipal duties, the latter should le ju< ; 
 
 at duty well discharged should tind ;;.- ju-t. r< \\ ; 
 
 Library of Congress. 
 t Owen. Paoific City. 
 
.PACIFIC CITY 35 
 
 Tfon. Kol>ert C. Davidson, writes: "The c-ily HhouM IH in- 
 vested with discretionary powers for the transaction of the 
 business to much the same extent as is allowed to private corpo- 
 rations* 
 
 " There is no reason why our city governments should be 
 considered failures, and they would not be to considered if the 
 majority of the people who live in cities desired their affairs to 
 ln conducted on the simple lines of common sense ami prudence 
 which;: re followed in every branch of private enterprise, and 
 had tli y to enfonv tlieir wishes ; but the lamentable truth 
 
 is that such is not the cane. 
 
 In conclusion, the whole question of more efficient govern- 
 ment A\ ill l>e solved when |>olitics are ]M>rmitted to have no more 
 place in ihe management of our cities than in individual or_cor- 
 }K>rate enterprises* 9 
 
 And Hon. Chas. F. Bishop, Mayor of Buffalo, puts himself 
 u}K>n r ord in this way : "The a (fairs of a city are simply the 
 businc^ <f a great corporation, and should l>e adininiKtered as 
 such. The memlicrs of the legislative InMly or InMlies coiLstituto 
 the Aboard of direct* r^, and the people WSJD are the Kt<H-kholders 
 should exercise the same < are in electing them to secure com- 
 petent and lit men as they do in choosing the officers and directors 
 of their private cori*', -.J ions/' 
 
 Now, what we wish to say, particularly just now, is that Presi- 
 dent Dia/.. in February, 1890, anticipated President Harrison in 
 the roromendations ho J* atout to make to the people of the 
 Unite d States and the suggestions so strongly presented by the 
 HOIK irahle Mayors alwe quoted, in his approval of the plan for 
 Paciiir rity. which is the first municipality in the world ever 
 laid out scientifically and ]>erffct in all its details lief ore a house 
 u as built, and which, at the same, is to be settled and controlled, 
 entirely free from inrtitics, by a regularly incorporated joint 
 stock company. 
 
 The plan for Pacific City, on Topololmmpo harbor, in north 
 Sinaloa, and the way of how to colonize its site ami to control it# 
 watr woi'ks, strwt cars, gas, electricity, exchanges, 
 manufactures, stores, farms, gardens, parks, wharves, etc., etc., 
 is the work of Engineer Owen, who has devoted twenty years to 
 the strdy of cities and to their management. He was city 
 engineer for Chester, Pa.; assisted to regulate a part of Phila- 
 delphia, and has made visits to the important cities of Europe 
 
 Library of Congress. 
 Owen, Pacific City. 
 
CITY. 
 
 and America to perfect his studies of how best to build Pacifie 
 City, that it may be a model and that it may unite homo, factory 
 and farm into one cor|M>mtion. It is owing to the. circulation of 
 
 im-er Ower'a book 8, plans and weekly publications during 
 the poftt ten years relating to Pacific City and to its management 
 w hit- h have a wakened such a deep interest in municipal reform 
 in the United States ; and it ahould bo Mexico's pride that En- 
 gineer Owen ha* selected Sinaloain which to erect his model city, 
 and wo urge the representative men of this republic to encourage 
 him in his plans, for it will attract general attention from the very 
 boat people in the new and the old worlds, and redound to the 
 enlightened and comprehensive policy of President Diaz and hid 
 administration in th u commendable zeal to establish model in- 
 dustrial and airricuh ural colonies in the waste places of Mexico. 
 
 We s;dut' PacitK- City, the herald of the dawn which will 
 usher in a 1 natter idea of how muiiitupalit i^ should be administered. 
 
 E. S. H. 
 
 A STUDY. 
 
 The attention of friends is railed to the article by Julian 
 Ralph. "Western Modes of i 'ity Ma 'lavement," in Harj>er's for 
 April, '1V2. Extracts ar herewith given to sho\v tlie way the 
 best students on city government are. shaping the public mind 
 toward such a park residence as we have designed Pacific City to 
 \H\ It Ls hoped that all friends will see the apt illustration be- 
 tween the Rookery management and the Chicago mismanage- 
 ment and lHt\veen fixed business plans and no system under the 
 control of unorganized citizens. 
 
 A. K. OWEN. 
 
 EXTRACTS FROM "WF.STKRN MODES OF CITY MANAGE- 
 
 MENT." 
 
 BY JULIAN RALPH. 
 
 One has a feeling that the yonng Lochinvar of perfected city 
 govern merit may yet come out of the west. That is where the 
 loves of men for the cities they li \*e in pass the understanding of 
 us easterners. That is where- old traditions count for the least 
 and (Mitei prise and progress mark most of the affairs of man. 
 ^ There are signs of the advent, though they are small and weak 
 
 Library of Congress 
 
KTC. 87 
 
 thus far. A study of the subject in Chicago, Minneapolis and 
 St. Taul is a revelation of u movement like that of a band-master's 
 ha ton along the sidts of a triangle, from mayoral supremacy to 
 diluted control by commissions, arid from these to vicarious 
 government .by state- legislature*. But the more their cases aro 
 pondered tho more the wonder grown that those communities 
 should ho governed as well as they are. Wo shall see that they 
 offer rich ground for the good eed that is fa come; that the 
 weeds there are fewer and less vicious than those tliat U'set our 
 own muni* ipal firlds. 
 
 In the unrest and r-t riving of the western people i found the 
 hope that the mark will yet be* reached by them. When we con- 
 t-ii't how very sharp t'io struggle lias l>een to meet tho business 
 demands of a rapid national development; when we realize how 
 nearly eompli -tely that struggle has monopolized every indi- 
 dual's nttention; wluMi we remember the poor and mortgaged be- 
 ginning of all the wesh-rn districts, and realize that where the 
 debts have disappeared, the recollection of them is yet vivid 
 then the story of western experiment* in city government will 
 find very lenient and charitable readers. 
 
 I see in rhi( ;)-<> two communities, we will saj- one composed 
 of twelve hundred thousand persons in tho city at large, and one 
 of four thousand men and women in the office building called 
 "The K< ikery." One body of persons has its wants attended to 
 by officers they elect for the purjxwe; the other Ixxly relit* on a 
 syndicate 1 of SJMK MI la tors to manage the building in which they 
 pay r-nt, and in which they spend as many hours as they give 
 to their life in their homes. Why should there be any difference 
 in the temper and spirit in which these two communities are 
 managed 't Each set of governors has the same duties to perform. 
 Each must provide protection, drainage, cleaning, lighting and 
 varying conveniences and forms of attendance. We say that 
 there is a different that one i a city and the other is a busi- 
 
 . Tins very devil must have invented the difference, or put 
 the notion of it in our heads, for it has no substance; it does not 
 appear unless we put it there before we go to search for it. The 
 syndicate of business men who manage the Rookery bend every 
 effort to make money. And how ? By providing every improve- 
 ment and attraction which, when economically obtained, will 
 
 e a fair and legitimate margin of profit out of receipts that 
 are governed by the charges for like service in other buildings. 
 These receipts are what would bu the taxes if the Rookery were a 
 
 I Library of Congress. 
 
38 EXTk I:T(\ 
 
 city; the profits would take the form uf surplus in the treasury 
 at least until they were wisely h{>ent. Tho analogy never falter*, 
 however far we pursue it. The lkx>kery managers gladden the 
 < ye with onyx, marble and bronze, as tho city fat hern treat their 
 tenants with parks and lakes and fountains. The Rookery man- 
 agers give to their tenants the best elevator serviee ever vet de- 
 vised in the world, batteries of tho swifted earn, some of which 
 run as express trains, while others stop at every rto0r. They con- 
 trol these and see that they tiro tho best, as the city fathers 
 should control their street railways, if they should not own them. 
 The street cleaning department of the Rookery is coin[x>sed of a 
 corps of orderly, respectful, hard-working, faithful nun, who 
 keep the dozen corridors and stories full of office* as neat as tho 
 domain of a Dutch housewife. The air is not tainted; the litter 
 and rubbish is whisked out of sight with due regard for decency; 
 the corridors are never torn up with pits and trenches at times 
 when they are in use. Alterations in the building are made at 
 night, when the work will-annoy and inconvenience tho fewest 
 tenants. The Rookery water supply and that which corresponds 
 to its sewage system are the best that can IM? provided. In some 
 cities out west I found oflice buildings where the landlords had 
 sunk artesian wells for pure water because they believe the 
 water provided for the people generally wan unfit to drink in one 
 case, because it cost too much in another. In both instances the 
 jK-ople of those cities were scandalously wronged, of course. To 
 return to the Rookery, tho building is policed efficiently without 
 the creation* of a uniformed class of -bullies. In short, itr is a 
 pleasure to visit such a building, where every official and ser- 
 vant constantly exhibits a desire to do his duty and to give 
 satisfaction. 
 
 I instance the Rookery building merely for convenience. I 
 might as well have spoken of any of the great office buildings of 
 any of the great cities. They are all subject to the same rivalry 
 toward providing the most modem conveniences and the 
 most attractive and well-managed interiors. I have yet 
 to hear of one in the management of which politics plays the 
 slightest part. The owners do not throw away money to 
 pay salaries to men who do not earn them; they do not make 
 rules to please the German tenants and then wink at the viola- 
 tion of them to tickle the Irish or any other persons; they do not 
 permit their servants to steal a little of any sum of money that 
 passes through their hands; they do not allow rubbish or tilth to 
 
 
 Library of Congress. 
 
EXTRACTS, ETC. 89 
 
 
 
 collect in the thoroughfares; they do n%t recruit their forces of 
 servants witll tlu ncVrnlo-well or disreputable friends of men 
 who send tenants to their buildings; they do not discharge all 
 
 ir trained help and drill in a new force biennially; in fact, 
 tiiey never discharge a good servant or keep an incompetent one. 
 since the management of a lot of day time tenements is a busi- 
 ness by itself, and has no connection with the Behring Sea ques- 
 tion or the policy of trade relations with Australia, they do not 
 feel obliged to buy Democratic brooms, or Republican coal or 
 Tammany soap, unless those happen to be the oest and most 
 economical wares. In one respect they enjoy an immense ad- 
 vantage over -\vry city government in this country. They are 
 permitted to manage their own businesses. No state legislatures 
 are continually changing their modes of conducting their 
 affairs. 
 
 Chicago does not yet manage its district of homes as the 
 landlords manage their districts of offices, but I do not believe 
 that any good reason can IR* given why it should not try to do 
 so, or be permitted to try to. Nor do I believe that there in an 
 intelligent man who honestly thinks the business plan cannot be 
 adopted with as close an approach to business results as is pos- 
 sible where the selfish and personal incentive to success M luck- 
 ing. And f or that may be substituted the desire for honor and 
 public approbation powerful forces which have wrought won- 
 ders in the government? of Glasgow, Birmingham, Sheffield and 
 other old world cities. 
 
 The city government of Chicago recalls that garment of 
 which a humble poet has written : 
 
 "His coat so large dat ho couldn't pay de tailor, 
 And it wont go half-way round," 
 
 It is a Josephian coat of many colors, made up of patches 
 of county methods on top of city rule. And the patches are, 
 some o them, far from neatly joined. Like the immortal 
 Topey, it has "just growed." It disclosed at once the worst and 
 the best examples of management, the one being so very bad as 
 to seem like a caricature on the most vicious systems elsewhere, 
 while the other extreme copies that which is the essence of the 
 good work in the best governed city in the world. Chicago, 
 therefore, offers an extremely valuable opportunity for the- study 
 and comparison of municipal methods in general Harper's for 
 April, '92. 
 
 I Library of Congress* 
 
40 SSTRACTS, 
 
 PACIFIC CITY. 
 
 .* 
 
 It is to be managed in much the same way that the German 
 cities are said to l>o in the following article, only Pacific City has 
 been laid out and the plan has brcn approved by the Mexican 
 government before u building was erect**!, and innteiul of alder 
 men, Pacific City will be managed by ten (10) directors, elected 
 by the stockholder, who will be in charge of ten (10) co-ordinate 
 departments. Pacific City will be a joint Bt<ek company, man- 
 aged in a business way in every detail, just as a railroad is and 
 the city propertied will IK? 1 It distinct from the private pro]vrties 
 and IK? held in trust forever for the use of the resident stock- 
 holders. A. K. OWEN. 
 
 IN GKKMAN CITIES. 
 
 MUNICIPAL WORK OF sriKNCE REMOTE FROM POLITICS. 
 
 In Germai 
 the science of 
 
 y, city work is a science as far from politics as is 
 >nginecring or architecture. Each wilarted officer 
 
 is responsible for a single department or for several closely allied 
 parts of the public business. He d<x*s not serve as do our alder- 
 men, on three br four scattered < ommittet-s schools, licensed and 
 sewers about \none of which he has any scientific knowledge. 
 H is elected tj> his office because of his knowledge and skill in a 
 special field of municipal work and takes charge of that depart- 
 ment. 
 
 Thus city work offers to a young German a life career, just 
 as railroad ing -or manufacturing does in America. An educated 
 man makes a Special study of water- works or building laws or 
 poor relief. He learns the methods of the l>eat European cities. 
 He serves Fus time in the administration of some small town and 
 perhaps gets a place at the head of his chosen department in some 
 small city and t^ries to make that department a model of efficiency 
 and economy : finally, he finds the end of his professional am- 
 bition in being promoted to the same work in one of the grea t 
 eiti<>s of the kingdom. Here h< has a place *f dignity in the 
 scx-ial world, and if successful, holds a life office with the assur- 
 ance of a pension for himself and his family. Professor P. G. 
 IVahody in March Forum, 1802. 
 
 . 
 
 Library of Congress. 
 
rrJMCTO, /;/v. 
 r\ in ( IT'Y. 
 
 Tli L llo.MK "I INK IM'I STul'M s -vVILI, IT Hi: III IJ.T? 
 
 While it i- tin- ili;it many plans have been .-tarted for build- 
 in- a . It) of home* f..r tin- p-opl< . that would really he < omposcd 
 of homes, and not m< -rel\ abiding places- places simply of shelter 
 during the intervening hours \-\\\ , , n the close of one day and 
 th opening of the next wear ; >1 to adnc't that we are atill 
 
 l,Kkin< for BUch * City , one thai \\i--ild ronn> ii[.to n'ir il<-ji of 
 \\-hnl i n>al lioino Hli(ull IM . \< n nhoiild it lw surr<.nnlc<! hy a 
 numl" r of ot!n-r> ij < 1> pr -xiinity, and \vfm< <x-ciipaiuH liav- 
 toiiMilitn-- ry to tli-ii r.ui^rc^at.' to^rtln r ! T puriKWcs of 
 
 :1 roninn i 
 
 T> any thinking iniml tliere can I..- no p>< M l r-asMii wliy a 
 
 hum ln-iii^ shouUl n< i CJIJMV ( io^i'.s )>li-ssin^ of pure sunlight 
 
 ;iml i-iijny tlio ln-an: :--s <,l natun- as sc-n in (lie grass, the 
 
 nd ihe'delightfal einj id-, while at. th" same tiruo h 
 
 lit- may l>c ohli^nl, from force of oircoirataneea to make his 
 alo|e anion^ the toilers in the \\.rk>hop or tlu' w;m>lioii.-f. 
 \Vi-!-- it p!--ilU- to combine the two condiiioti^. tlic brin^in^ 
 
 :lit-r,.;. it \\ ci . t!ie country home and tli.tt of tin* i-ity 
 liicmliiiiC the tu, I.M mi.- --wuiilil it not he a "consummation 
 devout 1\ 1-. ie \vi-! wl," and 0W n prayed for? 
 
 Wlien Hi Younj;, the leading ^*nius of the Mormon 
 
 eil Salt Lake City, more than forty years ago, it 
 was his intention to have brought this aUuit, as he planned for 
 wiii- Is and iai;_re IniiidiiiK 1^ for the inhabitants. Tlie 
 
 cit\ bl.H-ks^Mp made of ten acres each, and the lots one aud a 
 quarter a-res to ca'-h person, ei^ht on a bl(x-k. The ntreetn 
 iM-tw.-eii to be 1^0 te.-t wid. : sha<ie trees were planted alon^c eacli 
 walk, undai-lnwm of pure, sparkling water was made to 
 ilov :ieir roots, tliereby f iiriiisliin.^ TioiirL^liment to the tr 
 
 and aeonsUi'it supply <>f that ino-t u>.-tul i-k-ment to all of the 
 dwellers in this paradise on earth. That it ha- .'it la.*i failed to 
 r.-ali/e theexpec! : '.Hinders is due to the f.jct that tin' 
 
 r'i<jj,t ( 'iixjmse of tln'ir A"- 1 /" >' in ,n,i/ om\ ami nt any time, in/x 
 
 n/r(/ l<> t/' <-ttizcnt<: and to-day \ve see the inevitable roKult 
 
 eoinin^ to pass, tliat of squalor, tilth, confusion ami misery, 
 
 in place of health, happiness, rural beauty, peace and quietness. 
 
 intended by that great mind, \\lio l.-d the ^nrople into the 
 
 Library of Congress^ 
 >J OwAn. Pftolfirj C 
 
w i \ //; icre, 
 
 make il blos-nti : hut In- overlooked 
 
 tJie fact Hi >ner r later . the arch tiend oi . ompi t mu would 
 
 I. IN li-^ hand u|K>n them with a touch of death. 
 
 \\\\ . California, was laid out as a eolon\ one 
 
 seventeen \ ran* a^o* with tin- soli- purjM.xeot' their building a city 
 nt rural homes that would he "a thintf of beauty and a joy for- 
 ever," as it wen-, to all America. Tin- place \\-as plotted in tr.i< t-, 
 of t n anvs each, and MO one \\as to he allo\v d more than one 
 tract. Streets were laid out, orange proves ]lant4'd. hmiM-s 
 h.iilt, and beautiful shade tree! .set around them, (iardcji 
 tlowers were designed, \\ itli line walks Jet\veen the plants, and 
 evi-r\ tiling done to a^raifi try tlie e\iH'rimeni of a paradise on 
 earth. It p:ik time to cause tlnwo uranp'.s t<- grow, howe vet, 
 and in the meantime the p. >.plept in strait .-. for the means of 
 Buhsistence. an<l a cry v.ent U]> of failure, want and WH. and 
 San Frai'.cisco was <"illed upon to <-ontrihute to the sup|M>rt of 
 the^e fanatics," as they \vei called, for endea \ oiin^ to live a 
 In-tter life. Measures look in.-; t -wards their r nioval were j>ro- 
 ]x>M'(i, and all the talk that h;i< heeii made aU>ut the Sinaloa 
 colonists was even made ahout t!us'of liiverside during the lir>t 
 few years of its douhtful e\i-ience : hut they continued to pei>4 
 vere until success at last crowned their efforts, ariri to-day liiver- 
 sid is the most l>eautiful Bpo4 in the world. 
 
 Has Kiverside then at la.-t li!li-d the hill and In'come in fact 
 the ideal home of the indust ri -u- ? While th.-ie we can se- what 
 projMT forethought can do when bent UJMHI accomplishing Ji 
 directed result, M'e also see tl. at failure must at last come evj-n 
 OK it has done in the case of Salt Lake,O*u//ro;>< 1)<> /irinci- 
 
 ptilcautu'i that of free individual ownership of ///</<///</, //,, (<> 
 s<1l to any one, no matter what the co;/.sr^/c/icrx imti/ he, in dm- 
 time, in uther citizens. 
 
 Another factor in the failure of Riversi<le is the pi.irnt one of 
 a want of a proper system <-f diversilied indn>tri.-s. and so .it la^t 
 t\w oninge raisrs of that now beautiful plac- will }.,<-., me a [>rey 
 to the. old enemy of competition a^ain, and il i, t 1 from 
 
 themselves the people of I\i \ . -iie will > M MI ill other cities 
 
 to-lay in the I'nited Stales, hotbed-. >! vice and crime. 
 Orange raising aloiu- \\ ill not make a people rich or indc|M-ndcnt; 
 and ere long this now prosperous oomm unity will feel the p, 
 Hire of outside combination, and land that is now held a t sudi 
 an enormous ti^uie by the jie>em owners will eventuallv \ 
 from them at half tue price, oriels, and tin t mat- 
 
 Library of Congress* 
 
/A />'. i;j 
 
 -nd their control, as lhc\ are jn-.| ;ii pi. , m 
 in h'i\cr-ide as to be unable I. , ,,iii- i.im>. 
 
 'HU> t tlli-Il IM- Marled Upon .1 : ,| p| L| 
 
 lire will follow M in the i the others. \\, h,\. ., en the 
 
 >x UjHin winch all iitli-Ts ha\e !> . n \\ i. ' ! - .1. ,in.| \\ , must 
 
 ,-1 il l!' We \\<MlM \\ l^h for I Mi our M,-\\ i|e- 
 
 rom old methods of huildin.. id. at m,. . <.t Hi. iinlus- 
 
 MHISl IH'Vcf .|H,\V (lit- ',,Mtr'l ,|' ll- I.Ui'l t.i p.: - 
 
 !'r.- orjt.'i'tt in in n*l />(//,. n'lf <nntiT form r, 
 
 "nil. U.-r.-ni h. - ihr |0cr t. an<J IK. ;_ i 
 am ' a s) M-in tliat i \ 
 
 I population to do jtuit an the) j'! > -A ith uhaitln / 
 call th' r o\vn lan<l: OF, tlu- other hand, to In- a!li\\ ! |.i 1. 
 
 iits \vhi )i thcyd.i n .( possess, a.s \\ .- ! 
 irrt'sjK)ii>:i.li' town p.. .pic in .\.-ry j.irt (t the 
 
 . .' . 
 
 ilic (,'it y < :n prot I l\ all th. partial c\ani}lcs. j->rtiicy 
 
 ixil partial. "-( ly >u h |ilac-> a^ >.Jt l.ak < ity, KIM rMiic. 
 
 I'ull'nan, l'v>r-l ( ity anl oth.-r>, \\ i Die liitlo attempt ha- 
 
 :i made to nauuiirat. a proper v. .\ r-> live in t '/'//* 
 
 's jn-i,r,' (lutt MI//M fhim/ " /- <i*nu' ; tin n H'hy not ( //<- 
 
 o// /'/i (it'hif'vc .*> 
 
 \\" . A . M K ; 
 
 NOTICK. 
 toastud\ of Pacific City , which will be 
 
 |Ullili:sli-<l in llii.-. i-v-m' of '/'/, li,ttrul ( ' 
 what ;i corjH. ration lias <lonj at KOI 1 City. liw much l>ctt<r is 
 V f'-r all i'oinvrm-1 to lia\- a luisin ffl coinpanv to nianaue a com- 
 munity than a set of wran^lin^ >"> un<h'ci<le<l politicians vs ho 
 never are sure of U-in^; in power long enough to !< anythin. 
 
 t. ,sM-ifty evi'ii lia^l they the best intt'iition^ and tlie hi;:. 
 h rains. 
 
 I'lt-anf not* this iiii)K)rtant ia-t that Ford City i-- a eom- 
 inutiitv \vhere the people ai c brought to-ether to rTi^:<j,<- in on,- 
 
 iij>atiori alone -that <>f the maiiufa. ture ot plat- j;la>s. and 
 then try t< inui>;inr. if you can. what ini^lit he the result in 
 i-'orvl City was it urgauizcd u^ioa thu priuvipk-& oi equity iur all 
 
 Library of Congress. 
 
44 rojzocnr. 
 
 its oittan* instead of ii|xn the basis of p" 'lit for a tV\v ] 
 who doubtless live :iiid spend their money in other places li 
 where and among UUKM* who make it i -r th-in. 
 
 Such an object les^tn as Ford Cily .should go far to e.lueato 
 us to what great results we haxe in store for oiirsehrs when wo 
 . airy into execution our plans in Sinaloa to unite city, farm, 
 factory and cxehanj--- into one romjany and to t-inploy ouiv-i- 
 and our money in all that i.-^ d-mr. A lia]}>> NYw V-ar to all. 
 
 ALUKUT K. OWEN. 
 :!0th, 1SJM). 
 
 FORD CITY. 
 
 AN INTKRKSTINO rKNNSYLVAMA TOWN OF ^,500 PEOPLF,, oWMD 
 BY A BIO PLATK GLASS CORl'i " \TiOIS 1 -liVIDENTLY A HAPPY 
 
 rc.MMl MTV. 
 
 I*lTTSBURa, Dt'<-'inlM r 'J '.. 1MH). One of tho moHt interesting 
 communities in western IVnnsylvania is Ford City. A town 
 that is l>uilt, owned and exclusive iy corn rolled l>v a inanufaetur- 
 ing rnr]N>ration can scarcely !> said to !> a stn-ial i*x{iorimeii(-. for 
 there are several such ]>la<vs in the l T nit^l States. But at this 
 time Ford City may IM> considered a social '-urioMtv. The town 
 is in Armstrong county, forty miles from Tittslmrg. It has a 
 imputation of p^rhftpe ^500 souls, and the entire place i,s owmnl 
 by the Pittsburg IMate (Jlas6 Cbvnpany, whOM extensive works 
 are located there. 
 
 The houses for the jn-ople ;ire all of the U-st class, both brick 
 and frame. The company o\\ ns them and will not sell a single 
 < .ie, but all are rented at from $5 k> $1*0 per month. The com- 
 pany owns all the public buildings including the hotel, stores, 
 hiillri and poet-office. Included in these are reading rooms, gym- 
 nasiums, and offices for th- ui-e <f the public. 
 
 The policy of Armstrong county jud.Lr*^ a few years ago, in 
 refusing to grant liquor licenses, was one of the chief things that 
 decided the venerable ( 'aptain Ford to purchase two farms from 
 Messrs. Graft and Montgomery below Kittanning. and build the 
 town of Ford City. He argued that the company would have 
 less trouble with their workmen in a place where liquor could 
 not be had. lie believed they would do better work and u>e 
 their salaries to letter advantage where they were not tempted 
 to loaf in saloons. 
 
 Library of Congress, 
 
wei>c/rr: 45 
 
 < of till I-, M WHir!\ in !-Wd t i '-lo|H'd, 
 
 nt-d by BOpfe to w I th-ir htimulant> 
 
 i imi tlu-v Mim^rl.-d into lli- 
 
 ii'pior I 1 nt. <l. The plah- v. ! Mpany d. 
 
 . the.se Hubs. and s t th-m build" 
 
 I their membership. 'linvriii >iili> ago I', 
 dfii 1 iioti.-e to tli' laht r-'i. Iwrr rhih 
 
 -iisl.iiid--d \\itliin t!nr- days, the building the) 
 ; bom down OTer their headu, The) di i-.-id^d, 
 
 id tin Iii|ii4>r at all in Kunli'itx. In tin- oj.. 
 li<ms< howling al! i y and gjmnMiuin I!HTC i.- no JM-<,| rt.nni or 
 
 
 
 company donat- d tin- s* -liool hous.- t.. (ho t\\nship mi 
 ion that school sh> 'dd IM- tun-lit t!i<-rc nin< :i:td t-ti inontli^. 
 B uMud in thf i-ountry. Tin- roadm-- nmru is fairlv 
 \\-<-ll ;Mtroni/.^L Ir i -vh'ani:i. on; idc of tin- Uii 
 
 o nioiv romp. in IH> f< nnd than that of 
 
 their Methodist Episcopal church^ It ^as built >l hrick and cn- 
 
 t-rly Mr-;. < 'aptain !'"i'd. \\it\-of th- hMindcrof th- 
 
 I'lat.- (.!a-> \\ 01 -k.-. Adjoining it is a passage \\hi-h 
 
 \N as l>ni:t and paid for )y h d l-'oi-! I'rcsidi-nt t>f tin- 
 
 Those t\vo buildings \\ - n- t h n ion;i(-d i.y Ifn. I i.rd 
 
 and M to th' ''iitsluirtf ( \uif.-ri-iM -f tin- M. K. Clinn-h. 
 
 \% !i < ot' d!-( ;md < nditions. |-'.\-ry nii-inlMT in that 
 
 8 woritnian in th- ^lass \vt>rks. I'l-aciirally no <.n- 
 
 .M I ; : : . V rk&M n. ! r\ >(H' ol' the 
 
 ni\-fi\--p- nt ly i->n\ .-t t.-d in the revival still Ki j i^ 
 
 on th-r<> is -ithT a \\oikinaJi in a f ir!..ry or a nu inh r .i a 
 \M-tk,. iniil\. 
 
 Th' i<'atholi<- finirch in tin? to\vn. Tin < oinpany 
 
 <lonat<<! tl :nl on \vhicli t!i<- pn i a inodc^t huild- 
 
 TiM'ir mnir.vpition is small. !ut . th- prii : is doinu r ^oi| 
 
 \VOI 
 
 The jn-opl,- ( .f Ftrd City live \\cll. 'i of MI*. rt 
 
 to 10 <--nts a pound, and it i^ said that ln-loiv !lu- c.nnpany 
 
 vrould rent a butclier d hint a^rrie to s-il m.-at 
 
 lo\ver than at Kittannin^. rr<Hlu*-e, clothing and 
 
 11 e<jiially rlu-ap. Th^- gem ral <.p.-rat-d by 
 
 ndoft] capital, thonxh th- of < oun-i\ n-nt (he 
 
 buildings from th company. A.ccountia ai-e all paid 
 
 u>ti re by the M a out of tlu-ir money. The contpan j 
 
 lothtn about th> jUTount rkntanat this>tor.-. Jn 
 
 Library of Congress. 
 
i>i:.\rn // 
 
 t\\\x rcspei t it \\idely differs from the obnoxious "C 
 8toi'< 'em of mining and other manufacturing towns. 
 
 There is only one thmtf that Ford City is not yet I>o8s<'sscd of. 
 That iti a cemet- \ . Thus far there has been no iiee.l ,,f ,,?-. 
 The people are remarkably healthy. As a great man, of the 
 workmen that live here are foreigners \\ith large families and 
 continental ways of living, this condition of things In-coines the 
 more surprising. Inquiry fails to shosv a single serious sanitary 
 fault in the whole history of the town. Oue woman has the 
 Ibtory that the, phenomenal Itealth of tlie community is due in 
 part to the. lar^e amount of c.]Hra8 used in the manufacture arid 
 finish of plato glass. This may or may not be tae case, hut cer- 
 tainly the public health is also benefited by the u arm, nxnny and 
 substantial housen provided for the jn'oplc, and by the abundance 
 of food at cheap prices. At any rate, the compary Inis not yet 
 had occasion to add a grave-yard to their unique city on the 
 shore of the Allegheny. 
 
 A DESERT DEATH IN CITIES PENT. 
 
 Victor Hugo wrote nothing more powerful in its appeal to 
 the imagination than the pariKago: with which his romances are 
 thick sown, in which he likens the vast expanses of a great city 
 to the untro<l recesses of nature. A city, ton, he says more than 
 once, has its defiles and its fastPOQPC.s, its deserts in which men 
 starve, its quicksands in which they perish, its forest labyrinths 
 and its oj>en grades, mountain c-rags where men dwell apart in 
 the summit of great buildings, di/./y lieiglits passMl by thousiinds 
 and waled by none, and 'through this all courses and rushes the 
 great river of human life, fertilizing and, destroying, roaring in 
 the rapids of riot and inob, crashing down in great cataclysnw 
 which outdo Niagara, and spreading serene, l>eautiful and un- 
 troubled in days of peace and prosperity, glassing heaven's rest 
 in its own calm. 
 
 In the seethe of New York, which is all this and more, 
 Harry Quill's mother missed him two months ago. Young, 
 strong, fifteen, up to a man's work but still fond of a boy's play, 
 he dropped Ottt of the life of a tenement house as a man Blips 
 from the rail of a vessel on a dark ni^ht and makes no splash ill 
 the dark, oily water. The mother waited. 
 
 1 Library of Congress. 
 

 P- i/. rO-O) ERATION 
 
 one . M. i o\ . r i . i,:ht in 
 
 n in the (em in. 'nt hou...c pla\;;round of flat f .. 
 i s.jiia round al'.'Ut b\ the <an\ou cha.-i;' 
 
 iily one hulking boy less where there \\ 
 . inanx for tin- chiin- d the Ipfti . between, OTOr 
 
 \\hi.h, ba > u .1^ dail\ run. with houn ,/cHKUci. 
 
 mtain cliuilcrs n member and ten* menl hoii-e chi!dr n 
 
 past his ol.l i -lax-mates have dare.l c.-n-h other to ap- 
 
 M ll tl -toM'hollSI- \\ji< >>( . tl.H ,,,,,f \v;,^ the 
 
 \v idest, least chimnit d d and roped and s utt-d in all 
 
 the square. \\hen the -iin \\ as I'M. lit and the whistles v -n v 
 
 for noon and tin shadows were fthort<*it.Jl w ihlc 
 
 at the bott(m of the shaft the dun outline of ;i .shabby 
 
 heap of -pread and flatt. "! clothe^. The chil<lr ii talked, bn', 
 
 childtct, s talk is eh. ap i-i a tenement house. Nothing el 
 
 the < -hildrcn. t<Mldlej's and all, pn-d anilni.- 
 tl t M children \will. Last Sunda\ in a t.'nement hou^. 
 
 IH >nly t-ine on Sundays sonn!..-dy N tit fishing <n the 
 t ' do\\ n the air shall, f'ish hooks broke an! cord.-, snapped; 
 but the ^. -i'tl, -art of an^lin^r was plied with a < otton hook, the 
 
 :id the dead bclo\\ . and the end of it 
 that 1 1 . lill had h:.- funeral. 
 
 .Men die ills, that in the wilderness, alone mi ; l"d, i:-;i-p- 
 
 iiU' in a LI-T l.n.l^ agony; but was th- ; grimmer j'root 
 
 that tlu-se ^re-it d rtfl of luimanity \v e call eities iiave their 
 
 rt deaths' Some. too. are slower, less merciful and more 
 
 awful than th< air-shaft ^a\e JIarry 
 
 Tin /V..X.S. rjn'i'ni.-ljthiti. April /;, 
 
 ^INTEGRAL GO-OPERATION. 
 
 \ M. MIL1,S. 
 
 In tlie inniiiiH ral'l'- discoverie- !' new inetlnxls of nature, by 
 
 [forntcience -uch as th USM* of -: tin, ele ;i-i< ity. ehem 
 
 for- , the - lias aKo n enriched by 
 
 niuueroiis contributions looking t<> the nuiov.d of the friction 
 
 injustice tliaL eh;; -eial life of the human 
 
 family. 
 
 Library of Congress. 
 
4$ IXTBORAL 
 
 It in beginning to be realized that natural JHWH exist which 
 cover all the jKWHible relation* of human Iwings without pitting 
 the interest of one againHt another or violating the rights of any. 
 
 In the primitive Social Ordi r the welfare and sustenance of 
 the family was the chief concern of all its members. From it 
 the great teachers of the race evidently deriv d "The Golden 
 Rule," "Do unto others as ye would have them do unto you," and 
 vice versa. 
 
 The increase of families evolved tribes and the increase of 
 tribes developed "the struggle for existence" that evolved the 
 faculties of mobility, aversion and destruction, w' ieh arc dom- 
 inant in beasts of prey. 
 
 These faculties * at urally instituted the brute instinct of com- 
 petition for the humane law of fraternity. Selfishness super- 
 ceded the fraternal ties of nature, and frequent change of 
 locality, caused by the law of necessity, i>eri>etuated its domin- 
 ance in society. 
 
 But this great law of human nature could not be wholly 
 ignored. The great predatory tribes were compelled to fraternize 
 for mutual protection and aggressive warfare, and thus nations 
 were evolved and these developed civilizations. 
 
 The Social Order of civilism is every where and in all ages the 
 cmitureof environment and expediency. Its institutions have 
 grown out of the naii. i-al instincts of the race, spurred into the 
 activities of national life by the law of self-pn ser\ ation. 
 
 It compels civility while it develop social caste and ab- 
 solutism. "Might makes right," and under By stems of en font -d 
 industrial co-operation, wealth is increased and the prosperity of 
 the nation is assure* I. 
 
 This develops the faculties of economy, reserve and defence 
 and these evolve censor vutwrn. Power, war and wealth measure 
 national greatness ; wealth L) the prerogative of the few and com- 
 mon poverty enslaves the many. 
 
 There has never been known in civilism "a government of 
 the people, for the people and by the people." In this country it 
 is supposed that "the sovereign power is exercised by representa- 
 tives elected by the people." This is not true. Only male citi- 
 zens vote, and their chosen representatives are not a sovereign 
 power. The Senate, Executive and Judiciary can annul or 
 neutralize their enactments. 
 
 The people have no vested righte. They barely exist as the 
 wage-slaves of employers, known :^i "business enterprises." The 
 
 Library of Congress. 
 
,. . .'^HBnHBMHHft. 
 
 '. f O-OPERAT&X 49 
 
 ownership mill < nt n! ,f all accumulated wealth in vested in the 
 privileged classes who make and enforce the laws. 
 
 Public, utilities, mediums of exchange, machinery, inven- 
 ii.-ii-s, lands, I -'Hidings, factories, product*, comi nodi ties, in short, 
 
 whole working force of the nation and the control of the 
 labor force, both muscle and brain, are in the hands of the few 
 
 i in our beautiful land, making a sum total of despotic 
 power truly appalling. 
 
 It is a dangerous social polity tliat breeds a dependent popu- 
 lation, whose only rallying cry tea frenzied demand of the riding 
 clashes for "work or bread." In the present juncture of Mi man 
 affairs, it is madness for an Obligarchy to hope to perpetuate the 
 subjugation of a progressive, intelligent people. Ly repressive 
 enactment*, and enforced poverty maintained by an 
 artificial manipulation of the products of their industry. 
 
 The three great departments of our "Social Order" are Legis- 
 lative, Executive and Judicial, but the more intelligent of the 
 people demand a recognition of "the wants" of humanity to 
 supersede this abnormal social polity, intuitively perceiving that 
 these subjugating forces will be out of place in a normal Social 
 Order. 
 
 It is now conceded by the best authorities on "Political 
 Economy" that "the wants of the }>eople are the only true and 
 natural foundations of society." 
 
 "These wants are intellectual, social and industrial. They 
 arise from the three great divisions of human nature intellect, 
 affection and volition." 
 
 Integral co-operation is the antithesis of civilism. It 
 
 makes the selfish antagonism of interests inoperative, by the 
 
 [ equitable adjustment of mutual dependencies, thus doing away 
 
 with tl I of arbitrary written laws. It renounces the dom- 
 
 illation of a few of the faculties of man for the organized exercise 
 
 [ of the whole. The laws that control the community are innate 
 
 in the "Social Organism," acting as naturally as do the laws of 
 
 the physical body. They meet all the normal wants of the people 
 
 without friction, securing to each member of the community an 
 
 opportunity t<> ; t according to his or her best ability. Integral 
 
 i co-operation naturally supeivedes civilism as the development of 
 
 the race unfolds individualism, and man ceases to be either one 
 
 'the in < r of the mud-sills of society. Each person when 
 
 doped becomes an integrant part of the "social body." Each 
 individual is naturally devoted to the trade, business or profession 
 
 Library of Congress* 
 
60 INTEGRAL COO I'KH. \TH>\ 
 
 for which lie or oh** has a 8i>eciul aptitude, and independent upon 
 all the others for what he or sho does not rrento. This in indus- 
 trious individualism. "It increases mutual dependence and <!- 
 velops social unity." 
 
 By integral co-operation they provide for tfee united action 
 of these dependent interests, making the mighty law of inter- 
 dependence the corner-stone of "The Sorial Order." In striet 
 equity the land and natural resources of the country are the 
 common property of all the people, and therefore the title in fee 
 simple thereto should be vested in "the Coporate Body," of which 
 every member of the community is a shareholder. 
 
 Its appropriation by the individual must be for development 
 ' and use. These "uses" are individual property, private or associ- 
 isted as the case may be. In civilism the laws of equity in these 
 matters are but little regarded. The difference in the productive 
 value of lands is immense, and the same inequality in the pro- 
 ductive capacity of individuals relatively, also exists. 
 
 Therefore, under the law of competition, equity between in- 
 dividuals is impossible, and unless we can solve this difficulty 
 true equity must forever be a myth. In the present status of the 
 race there is but one way to practically overcome it. As in the 
 corporate ownership and control of land, the same laws must be 
 applied to the working force of the community. Every member 
 of the community must own one or more shares in the 
 working force of 'the coporation, and every dollar thus invested 
 must be accredited to the individual investing it as associated in- 
 dividual property. But the labor force, of both muscle and 
 brain, must always be regarded as private individual property 
 and be paid for accordingly. 
 
 The product* of industry result from the combined labors 
 and ( aj>acitie8 of many individuals and are therefore naturally 
 associated individual property. The relative value of individual 
 capacity, in a transition epoch like the present, is constantly 
 changing. The value of the labor force of muscle is already 
 minimized by the labor force of the brain, and the consequent 
 immense- increase of products and commodities through the use 
 of machinery, and the utilizing of steam, electricity, chemical 
 forces, etc. 
 
 Even the sunlight has largely superceded the limner's pencil in 
 the studio? of art, and the products of applied chemistry are of 
 more real value than "the gold ophir" or the long sought for 
 "philosopher's stone" that was to turn the baser metals into gold. 
 
 | Library of Congress. 
 

 INTEGRAL CO-OPERATION 51 
 
 Common clay Is made to yield a more valuable and useful metal 
 than gold by the combined labors of brain and brawn, and 
 already "the Aluminum Ag" is nearly evolved that is to revolu- 
 tionise **the Age of Iron." The rapid absorption of all this ac- 
 cumulating Wealth by the scheming brains of the monopolizing 
 few, who are every whore forming "Trusts," whole millions of 
 money are counted in huge blocks of stock which represents the 
 concentration of all productive wealth in the hands of specula- 
 tors, should leave no doubt in the minds of integral co-operators 
 as to the wisest course to pursue in organizing "the Social 
 Order" they are about to inaugurate in Sinaloa, Mexico. 
 
 We cannot hope with one stride to reach the outcome of our 
 social revolution pictured in Bellamy's "Looking Backward." 
 We are looking forward and must be very careful lest we make 
 a serious mistake and fail as have many others. Every advance 
 made in Mexico should be in perfect harmony with the universal 
 wants of humanity HO as to fit in perfectly with every other co- 
 ojiorative movement in any part of the world. The natural laws 
 of our common nature demand it. The few Who own and con- 
 trol the world do so by virtue of the law of "the aggregation and 
 combination of forces." Despotism would die of- inanition were 
 it not for this mighty enginery of all the elements of success be- 
 hind it, pushing it upward and forward, utterly regardless of 
 those who may be crushed by its onward course. 
 
 The mighty power of the people, intelligently organized and 
 incorjH>rated to do all this for themselves, would l>e a far greater 
 power for the production of wealth than is the combined capital 
 of plutocracy. 
 
 It concentrates all the elements of success in the people. It 
 controls both production and consumption in the interests of all, 
 regulating distribution equitably according to the natural laws 
 of supply and demand, and ^"'.th its surplus products and com- 
 modities exchanged oomr n Ally for the rare products of other 
 climes and countries, i .n?gets natural "reciprocity" with ail 
 na t ions on the basis of tu Laws of independence and mutual in- 
 terests, accompli*] dug these important results, according to strict 
 business methods with the most simple of all organized social or- 
 ganic forces, viz : that of authorized directors and superintend- 
 ents utterly without arbitrary power. 
 
 Tli us simply can a normal "Social Organism" tx> established, 
 * -curing to all people "liberty based on natural laws, and orderly 
 i> -ntrol without oppression." Doing away with the necessity for 
 
 j 
 Library of Congress* 
 
arbitrary written laws and judicial authorities, by vesting the 
 supreme ]>o\ver in the people. Such a nation united integrally 
 will command the respect of the world. 
 
 But tho industrial department of the Social Organism, comr 
 pricing directors, labor, commerce and wealth, though indispens- 
 able to tho well-being of the community, is but one of the three 
 great departments of a normal social order. 
 
 The human being is both intellectual and affectioruil in its 
 nature, and the long repressed "wants" arming from these 
 faculties cannot be disregarded and the welfare of society as- 
 sured. 
 
 For all the wants of the ]>eople are centered in these, and it 
 is of the utmost importance ihat, 1 1 iey become an organised part 
 of the social system. The social faculties are almost fourfold. 
 They com prise, Home, Family. Marriage and Religion. The fam- 
 ily is the root of all society. "Religion has played an important 
 part in the development of the race in all ages and among all 
 nations. Hence, we may conclude that the laws of religion exist 
 as an inherent part of the human constitution and are not im- 
 posed upon man by a suj>erior being. They establish the unity 
 of the human being with the spiritual life of the universe, their 
 interpretation is only through the methods of science, and they 
 must reach their final expression in the reign of universal truth, 
 justice and peao-." 
 
 The central principle of religion is love. Not as a weak, 
 maudlin sentiment, but a positive, living, active principle, ruling 
 first in the individual life, imparting a sacred regard for the rule 
 of right in all things. Conjugal fidelity and parental responsi- 
 bility in a religious sense are cardinal virtues, without which 
 society would degenerate and the people would become inhuman 
 monsters. Marriage and devotion to the home and family are 
 supreme and all else exists for these sacred auVctioiuil ties. "The 
 Golden Rule of Life/ 1 "Do unto others a$ ye would they should 
 do unto you," the true religious instinct makes binding upon 
 every member of the community and vice versa. Evade it as 
 men have practically, every human being naturally acknowl- 
 edges its justice and equity. 
 
 No wiser political axiom was ever enunciated, and it is only 
 in an integral co-operative Social Order that it can be made 
 practical and society can command its outward observance. 
 
 Home is indeed an inspirational word. Husband, wife, 
 parents and children! All that is human in the race responds to 
 
 T.-tbrarv of Congress. 
 

 theao magic words. "The household gods of the ancients were 
 the images of their ancestors." The hierarchies and priesthoods 
 i if the world were built u|xm thig natural religious reverence for 
 parents su|>criorsand country, and as In the induHtriai depart- 
 ment of Social Order, mind and body were the more easily en- 
 ttlaved M hen subjected to the stronger will of their tyrants, if 
 only they might provide for their loved ones tlie means of living 
 Here and hereafter. There is something exoe dingly pathetic in 
 this early submission and sublime faith in their religious and in- 
 dustrial tyrants. 
 
 freed*, dogmas, wvtH, primthoods, temples, riten and cere- 
 monies,, religiuim hierarchies, all the. paraphernalia, of divine 
 worship um the relics of the sujHTstitioii that ruled the world 
 when the infantile' tnind of the race first liegnn to reach out 
 dnmhly In-yond iU immediate surroundings for a larger and het- 
 ter life. 
 
 t us bo gentle and kind, but firm, with any who have not 
 outgrown these puerile ideas of religion, but never under any cir- 
 cumstance can we ]>erinit them to gain a foothold in the snialleot 
 fee as one of our institutions. An integral co-operative com- 
 munity will commit suicide when it yields to a specious, delusive 
 sentiment of charity, its vital busiiu*sa principles of life and 
 a-t iin as a social body. But without wisdom maii'will go astray, 
 and, do the liest we may, will struggle* on blindly in the bewilder- 
 ing maze of difUculties that enmeshes him until reason and com- 
 mon sensM* comes to the rescue, and we learn to look within our 
 own organism for the * Deity" that is to enfranchise and set us 
 fne. Therefore the intellectual department of the Social Order 
 is all-important in a normally organized community. 
 
 This comprises art, letters, science and culture. The wants 
 arising from these faculties are also universal. 
 
 Separate the affectional and industrial departments from the 
 intellectual in the Social Order, and its partial development 
 makes niqji self-opinionat*?d, credulous and servile4o authorities, 
 and mean, selfish arid tyrannical to their supposed inferiors, 
 using iheir learning (not knowledge by any means) to enslave the 
 bodies and souls of men. 
 
 And this in civilism is what men call education. But in- 
 tegral co-operators have no place in their "Social Order" for 
 "occult sciences" "pseudo theology," or "hidden mysteries." The 
 integral education, or culture, of all is a vital part of the social 
 system. 
 
 I Library of Congress. 
 Owen. Paoific City. 
 
54 
 
 A perfect Social Order provides for the intellectual wants of 
 the community by instituting departments of art, letters, science 
 ;iiul culture. Socially it establishes and incorporates the home, 
 family, marriage and religion ; and it organizes directors, labor, 
 wealth and commerce to meet the demands of industry. 
 
 Having thufl laid strong its foundation in the natural and 
 universal "wants" of the race, it must abide by these self-evi- 
 dent eternal laws and principles, adapt ing all its institutions to 
 them, turning away now and forever from the. ]*>nii''ious prac- 
 1 ire of accepting the empiric philosophies and theories of men as 
 authorities and leaders. "By our own spirits are we deified." 
 
 Never in the history of iur race lias there l**en a more oppor- 
 tune time or locality for commencing a "new era" with a practi- 
 cal demonstration of its feasibility than is now offered in Sinaloa, 
 Mexico, and the surrounding country. It has the status of all 
 that is worth pn serving in civilization beJund it. The wisdom 
 of all the ages gives it a potency lxyond that of "the gods" of the 
 nations, while the intelligent "wants" of all the cohorts of in- 
 dustry are demanding that their natural rights shall be given 
 them and their power and authority in the Social Order shall l>e 
 acknowledged and respected. Thankful for the lessons of ex- 
 perience, let us "go on to perfection," caring little for isms of any 
 kind or name, and guided by common sense and reason. 
 
 1846 Frederick street, Chicago, 111., April 14, 1892. 
 
 , April S8, 
 
 Library of Congress. 
 Owen. Pacific City. 
 
TOPOLOBAMPO COLONISTS. 
 
 AN INTERVIEW WITH ALBERT K. OWEN STATUS OF TMK COM- 
 MUNITY THK BI(* DITCH PACIFIC CITY POLYTECHNIC 
 SCHOOL, ETC, 
 
 Alliert K. Owen, the founder of the Topololiami>o Colony, is 
 at the Iturbide. To a reporter of THE Two REPUBLICS, yester- 
 day, he said, in answer to numerous questions: 
 
 4 *I came here Wednesday direct from New York. I was in 
 Sinaloa as lato as Mareh 20th. There were then alxmt 450 
 colonists in our various camps mostly engaged on our big 
 'luia-^aiid a considerable body of masons, stone-cutters, car- 
 pentcrs, etc., were at Biiy-Side working uixm the custom house. 
 Tliis is a 50 by 40 feet, one-story, stom* huilding'which we are put- 
 ting up for the government. It has cost over $8,000. Thereof 
 is flat and covered with bricks laid in mortar like many in this 
 capital, and which I consider the very In-st for a tropical climate. 
 There is a porch ten tVt wide on three sides and the house will 
 !><' well built and strong. The stone is red 'porphyry dressed. 
 The lime we burned from the shells found on the shores of our 
 outer hay. All the framing, etc-., was done by our colon is. s. 
 There are about 19,000 feet of lumber ift the building and it is 
 finished by this time excepting the painting and extras which we 
 will do at our leisure. The building is directly on the north 
 bhoro of the Straits of Joshua, and a stone pier leads from its 
 porch into about six feet of water, so that the officer can descend 
 at once into his boat and go out to the incoming and outgoing 
 shijs. By far it is the most convenient custom house on the 
 
 Yes, the company has its own stone pier in 16 feet of water, 
 and on this is a frame storehouse 40 by 80 feet. The steamer 
 "Mazatlan," which calls at Topolobampo twice south from Guay- 
 mas and twice north from Mazatlan every month, lies directly 
 against our pier arid unloads; and, by the way, this is the only 
 pier on the Gulf of California where a sliip has such accomoda- 
 
 Library of Congress. 
 Owen. Pacific City. 
 
\r CuaymoH. Maxatlan and other i*>rts, nhiiw have to 
 lighten tltoir pat&eugers and freights. 
 
 "However, the work which lias required most of our labor 
 and care since Now Years, 1891, has been the big cut of seven 
 miles through which we are to let flow the water from the Fuerte 
 River upon our Mochis land*. This is a low- water acequia ami 
 will put water at our c/oxnntand every hour in the year. With 
 water at our command we can have Rome kind of croi* growing 
 every day in the year. Our colonists were working on the laftt 
 and seventh mile of the big cut in March, when I was with them; 
 and by the last day of this month of May the water, probably, 
 will 1x5 flowing on our lands. We will th'n put our entire force 
 to clear, plow and plant from 500 to 1,000 acre*, BO a* to get 
 grans and fodder for our animals, and vegetables and berries for 
 our people. This will require four months, so that by October 
 we should be ready to construct permanent houses upon Paciii*- 
 rity site, and to push our railroad. One of our colonists in 
 April left for Fuget Sound to load a schooner with lumber for 
 our houses, 
 
 "Yes, we have been longer by six months than we calculated 
 to be. The error as to time was made l>ecause we did not allow 
 sufficiently for the added difficulties of getting so much earth 
 from d -pths below ten l'-.-t. \\Y had had experience only in ace- 
 quias of ten feet at IIIOHC. The problem of acequias from 15 to 28 
 feet for six or more miles is quite a serious one with present 
 tools. We. could handle the first ten feet with shovel and wheel 
 scrapers harnessed to teams, but after that we had to pull the 
 shovel scrapers up at the sides by means of ropes wrapped with 
 rawhide, the men following the scrapers up the slopes and dump- 
 ing the earth on the banks beyond. From the point where the 
 water comes out upon the surface of our lands we will run the 
 mother acequia south and east to Pacific City site, and from it 
 take out lateral acequias right and left, so as to irrigate 30,000 
 acres. This will be easy and rapid work because we only have 
 to dig about three feet and to throw the soil up on either side. I 
 am thinking of taking with me to Sinaloa in July two New Era 
 Ditch machines for this purpose. The fall of the land is nearly 
 regular and about one mile from the mouth of 4he big cut to the 
 bay shore. 
 "Yes, the famine has retarded us considerably, for we had to 
 
 stop colonists from going to our settlements, and this crippled us 
 
 -"- ^ 
 
 Library of Congress. 
 
 r^MM. PanlfMr! Cltv. 
 
VOLVM8TS. 57 
 
 in lH>th means antl laUr. The almost total failure of crops of 
 iv kind in tli*' live Northern States of Mexico was felt us never 
 More. As \ ou know, the state ^o\ rninenta have had to hiring 
 i-oni from the United States to feed the people in sections of 
 Durango, C'oabuila, Chihuahua and Sonora. In our district, in 
 iU.a, we could not get corn, grass or corn stalks to feed our 
 hundred head of animals lit any price, and we had to ship 
 liay and corn for our horses, and e very thing used by our colon- 
 ists, from Kansas and the irrigated fields of Arizona at a cost of 
 a Unit $40 a ton for hay and |7 for corn a fanega; hence, this 
 year has heen a trying one to our colonists a five months' task 
 ad 11 ranee as severe as any that educated people within reach 
 of civilization over worked under. However, our colonists an- 
 workers and persons of resolution and determination, and they 
 been equal to the occasion; ami amidst all their difficulties 
 they never for an hour paused in their work. To-day we are 
 stronger than ever in our faith in our own self-reliance and in 
 the confidence of those who are in the States sending supplies. 
 
 "No, we could not do anything of any account without low- 
 
 .r irrigation. During the live years we have been on our 
 400-acre farm, I^a Lo^ia, ^vo have gathered j>osMbly only about 
 
 partial crop*. First, we would pl.mt on the verano or bot- 
 tom la 'ids, and just as the crops were maturing the river would 
 rise and drown, everything out. Then we would go upon our 
 high lands and plant and the water would go down so low that 
 we could not even get it to our vegetables with :i pump. How- 
 
 r, whenever we did have sufficient rains at the right time, we 
 raised the best white and eweet i>otatoe8, cabbages, beets, tur- 
 nips, radishes, tomatoes, lettuce, melons, etc., that our people 
 had ever bef ore seen. In fact, everything we planted gave us 
 Mirprking results. Our vegetables, etc., were better than had 
 l^efore been raised in Sinaioa because our seeds were superior and 
 our gardeners were skilled. Our strawberries were so plentiful 
 and large that it is calculated that one acre* will give 800 bushels 
 during a year. Bananas will grow, it is estimated, about 80,000 
 }H>un<lsto the acre*, which is equal in food supply to about 45 
 acres planted in Irish potatoes in the United States. 
 
 "No, the Mexicans who live in the valleys of the Rio Fuerte 
 and Rio Sinaioa do not irrigate from other than high water ace- 
 
 ,s, and I bey have good crops of corn, beans, sugar and melons 
 % )iilv when the river has its- usual spring and fall floods. 
 
 * 
 
 Library of Congress. 
 
 ^. fM 4U* 
 
requirements of the native population arc small in tlu? extreme, ami 
 time is an nothing to them, while the laboring clans is reduced to 
 Hiteh strait* for a mere existence that those who own the raiiehes 
 when they n^ed help can get it for a mere pittance, paid in bean*, 
 corn and money. In the best of seasons there are never cereals 
 and fruits more than enough to supply local neelH, arid when the 
 season is had the MUVOB, who are mostly the laboring class, 
 actually HuiFer for something to eat; but, like all the aborigines 
 of this continent, they do so without a murmur. 
 
 "You ask why are the natives reduced to such straits? Why, 
 because there are nodi versified home industries in Sinaloa. AH 
 people who de}>cnd entirely upon agriculture and pastoral pur- 
 suits are always poor, and, as strange as it may appear, the 
 people who engage alone in raising food products are the only 
 people AS a class who mostly suffer and. at times, actually perish 
 for want of food. Tin- next least progressive and most depend- 
 ent population to a fanning class is a community who engage in 
 gold and silver mining to the exclusion of other industries. 
 Mexico is unfortunate in having these two classes of population 
 largely in the majority, and progress is difficult because of their 
 uniformly set ways in the line of ignorance and demoralization. 
 There never was and there never can lo a first-class community 
 which does not protect and foster and encourage the diversifica- 
 tion of local industries. A district which manufactures 
 only one line of finished commodities, or which merely 
 cultivate the soil, or which mines only one kind of ore, etc., 
 will have but a poor and a shiftless population. Egypt, 
 Persia, China, Ireland, the Southern States, Kansas, Sinaloa 
 are, strictly speaking, agricultural states. California, as 
 long as it is attended exclusively to gold digging, had about 
 as mean and as worthless a population as we have ever had in 
 the United States. Nevada, Idaho and Colorado are specimens 
 of silver mining populations, and are of little account, so far as 
 culture or home-life go, outside of their cities in which some at- 
 tention is paid to the diversity of local employments. On the 
 other hand, in Old England, there never was an ounce of gold or 
 silver mined; but there, close beside the field of grain and the 
 truck patch, we find factories, machine shops, bakeries, libraries, 
 etc. And likewise in,New England, where if there are gold and 
 silver, they are lett undisturbed under the soil, and where the 
 ground is too rocky for the people to depend entirely upon it for 
 
 Library of Congress* 
 
COLONIST*. 5ft 
 
 a living, we aoe that every stream ia made to turn, spindles, 
 lathes and rollers; and there we find a people on the way to the 
 enjoyment of the higher calling* and the better though to of ad- 
 vanced and refined life. Who over heard of a manufacturing 
 and commercial people perishing for want of food? And it in the 
 people who diversify their home industries and who never dig 
 gold or silver who enjoy the greatest abundance of money at the 
 lowest rate of interest, and it is the j>eople who mine silver and 
 gold and who cultivate the soil exclusively who never have any 
 money to speak of and who, for the use of credits, have to pay 
 ruinous interests to those people who have found out that " the 
 greatest study of mankind is man, " and that man wants manu- 
 factured articles most of anything in this world, and that he en- 
 slaves himself to get money solely l>ocause he can buy the articles 
 that ho needs such as food, shelter, clothing, etc. When* money 
 will not buy such article* money is perfectly worthless like a 
 yard stick where there is no calico to measure because it is use 
 alone which gives money any value. Mexico's silver dollar the 
 heaviest and best silver dollar in the world is at a discount with 
 the poor, rag-paper dollar of the United states, simply because at 
 the hack of Mexico'^ dollar there are for most part only farms and 
 *ilver mines; while behind the United States paper dollar there 
 are diversified industries well started, and, in instances, nearly 
 perfected. For the same reason we may see that in mining towns 
 and agricultural regions interest is often two per cent, a month, 
 while in manufacturing centers and among an all-around em- 
 ployed people interest is exceptional if over six per cent, a year. 
 Again, money will leave Mexico, where it can Iw loaned at 24 per 
 t, and Colorado where it can be loaned at 12 per cent, go to 
 Philadelphia where it can be let at SIT per cent, and leave Phila- 
 delphia and go to centers of manufactured industries in Man- 
 chester, Brussels arid Paris where it can be loaned for only three 
 per cent. Can there be anything more plain to those who have 
 Mexico's interest in mind than that it is their duty to see that her 
 people are encouraged in every way and in every place to divers- 
 ify their home industries: for it is upon the variety and the per- 
 fection of the employments of a people that the prosperity and 
 greatness of a nation rests. Statesmen will yet learn that the 
 most universal law in nature is diversity. Every man and every 
 woman needs something and some employment different from 
 e *ery other man and every other woman. To try to make the 
 people of an entire district agriculturists or miners is to attempt 
 
 Library of Congress. 
 
60 TOPOLOBAMPO 
 
 to force * whole group of people to lo alike in their tastes and 
 requirements; and such attempts are resen!< <I I'.v nature: ami an 
 a result we see comparitively a low order of |>eople wherever it in 
 indulged in. 
 
 " ( 'ertainly, as soon as we TojKriobarnpo colonists ^-t a well- 
 s<-lvt-d assortment of food products, we will diversify our home 
 industries. We will grow our own cotton, silk, wool and flax and 
 spin and weave and niuke them into finished articles for service; 
 we will gather our own fibres and nuuiufaci tiro our own pa|>er: 
 \\e will mine our own iron, lead and cop]>cr ore and work them* 
 into desirable forms; we will dig our owii kaolin and clay and 
 mould our own fire brick, tile, vases and ceramics; and we' will 
 build our own ships and we will navigate them. Agriculture 
 with us is merely a means to an end, not the end by any means. 
 Even now, l>efore wu can feed ourselves, we aro making most of 
 the tinv. are used in the Fnerto Valley; wo Make our own small 
 lioats, harness and shoes, eatch and cure our own fish, build our 
 own buildings, do our own repairing of plows, wag- 
 ons, fcx>ls, publi>h our own pap< r, etc., etc.; and I 
 have brought with me, for the puq>oHe of explaining 
 its details to the government, a plan fora I'olyterhnie School of a 
 large and most comprehensive onler, wlii<-h \\ ill have thn*e large 
 and compleU- manufacturing )lat!fs for a basis to iK'gin with. 
 In this institution those who manage the industries will teach 
 the methods, the arts, the secrets and the sciences of the indus- 
 tries which will finally embrace all those, that we inaugurate in 
 l';ui lie City and on its annex farms, its fisheries, etc. In this 
 institution we expect to give the Mexican girls and boys a nor- 
 mal-industrial education so thorough, complete and comprehen- 
 sive that each one will be capable, on leaving the institution, to 
 KO back to his or her locality and to take the management of 
 some useful industries, from the curing of fish to the designing 
 for calico; from the cooking of a pudding to the building of a 
 1'x-omotive engine. To begin with, we have one of the late pro- 
 fewors of Wellesley College the greatest institution for girls in 
 the United Statesto take charge of the Normal-Industrial De- 
 partment for girls. This is a lady whom Sir Edwin Arnold said 
 wa one of three of the best educated women whom he had ever 
 met She is now lecturing in the United States on the us-s of 
 fuel gas and instructing ladies in the large citi<-s how to use the 
 same for cooking. She has been studying out a plan for the last 
 
 Library of Congress. 
 
TOPOLOBAMFO COLONISTS. 61 
 
 
 
 yean, to unite with normal-education industries of all kind, 
 especially adapted for girl*; suon, for instance, as needle work, 
 keeping accounts, cooking, deoigniug, canning flah and vegeta- 
 bles, drying fruits, etc., etc, 
 
 " To take the lead in the Normal Industrie* Department for 
 boys, we have a gentleman who was commissioned by Gen. 
 George B. McClellau, when governor of New Jersey, to visit 
 Europe and report uj>on the tile,/aw?w<! and bricabrac industries 
 and which resulted in himself and the governor building the 
 gi ?at potteries at Trenton, New Jersey; and he is, to-day, the 
 Nailing designer, manufacturer and lecturer of and upon cera- 
 mics in the United States. 
 
 . . 
 
 And now when I tell you that we have over 200 master 
 craftsmen and craf tawomen in our colony membership of six 
 thousand persons, and that every one of these master workmen 
 and workwomen will become teachers in our Polytechnic School, 
 and every working day, will be showing, instructing and work- 
 Ing with the pupils of the Institute, you may imagine that, with- 
 in a few years we will have home industries started in every cen- 
 ter of population in Mexico; and then Mexico's dollar will be as 
 valuable as the Itest dollar in the world because there will be 
 
 articles of finished manufacture 1* hind it. 
 
 
 
 * Yes! it is a beautiful dream as you say, but are not the 
 beautiful dreams of yesterday the realized realities which we en- 
 joy to-day. If insignificant great little women and unknown 
 little great men, working in the dark corners of this world, 
 neglected by all and spat upon by the " level-headed " commer- 
 cial drummers who infest this earth's surface, did not dream and 
 work and combine -the ideas of yesterday with the new devices of 
 to-day, there would be no inventions, no application of discover- 
 ies, no chemical arts applied for our every day conveniences and 
 advancements. And if you, ray friend, went to-day, and walked 
 for seven miles through our ditch in Sinaloa, and looked at its 
 great sides looming far up above your head, like to the houses on 
 either side of the Calle de San Francisco, you could not but have 
 iv*i>ect for those colonists who had put their dream of a year and 
 a half ago into such practical reality. The same determination, 
 work and method by the same people will build and direct a 
 Polytechnic School which will give the youth of Mexico the 
 practical teachings of practical men and women; and that is 
 

 te TOPOLO&AMPO COLONISTS. 
 
 what needs to be systemized for the boys and girls of other coun- 
 tries as well as for those of Mexico. 
 
 "Yes; we keep two well equipped surveying parties in the 
 field ztll the time. We finished the survey of the Zona Sanitaria 
 a district of >1 miles Mtjuan* including our harlN>r and tlie roast 
 and inlands, etc., and our city Mite, in March last and have closed 
 up the surveys of the public and private lands along our first 
 section of railroad. 
 
 " Our draughtsman, one of the most skilled in the country, 
 is now making a complete map of the entire district' for the 
 World's Fair. We e\iect to have four studies in oil, 12x6 f-t, 
 showing our Ba and farm, on exhibition in 1K93. These will lie 
 painted by one of our colonists and will be framed by us in heavy 
 frames made of the hard, close-grained and beautiful woods of 
 our locality. We hope, also, to have a large and varied exhibit 
 of our vegetables. 
 
 " As to a number of our colonists, we have over 6,000 regis- 
 tered in our organization and they are daily increasing. Fnnn 
 letters reccm-d, I should judge that there are at least 2,000 want- 
 ing a.ln.ission to go on to our lands. It is difficult for us to hold 
 ^ them back even in face of the drought and famine and the dis- 
 'omforts they are sure to meet, at this time, in our camps. Alto- 
 gether, we probably have had a thousand persons on our lands; 
 but half of them have returned to the States, most of them, to 
 wait until we are ready for them or to attend to settling up their 
 affairs so that they may return and live permanently with us. 
 
 " The health of the colonists has been exceptionally good on 
 
 our Pacific City site and at La Logia. Never has there been a 
 
 U'ttcr record; but in our temporary camps, on the new earth 
 
 dump**! from our ditch, our colonists have at times had cases of 
 
 X typhoid fever and several have died from it. This has been 
 
 another reason why we have not allowed more colonists to go to 
 
 our settlements this year. In October next we will be ready to 
 
 care for them on Pacific ( 'ity site, and to put all in comfortable 
 
 and permanent houses, " The Two Republic*. 
 
 CITY OF MEXICO, May 17, 1892. 
 
 Library of Congress. 
 Owen. Pacific City. 
 
 
(8KW1CKUIY, AtLKOHXKY Co., PA., 
 
 e May 86th, 1893. 
 
 MR. E. M. HUSSKY, 
 
 Dear Sir: I have just received through you, from 
 Owen, no doubt, the clipping from The Tiro JpeptibiiYvi, of Mexico 
 City, if May 17th, giving Mr. Owens* latest account of Topolo 
 b;inil . Please accept my thanks for thosame. I have wad it 
 with very great interest. It is a grand, inspiring paper, gives a"! 
 most encouraging anl hopeful view of the progress of the great 
 enterprise, and it would bo a great thing if some of those greatj 
 New York papers would repuhlish it. Mr. Dana, of the Sun, 
 ought to have a fellow-feeling for Mr. Owen's enterprise, as in 
 the 1840's he was one of the prime movers of the early Associa- 
 tive Movement and one of the leaders at Brooke Farm. He des- 
 pam-d of success, I suppose, when all the "phalanxes" came to 
 grief (from very obvious causes), but now when Mr. Owen's 
 great work is so far advanced, and so full of every promise of 
 M in -ess. I think Mr. Dana ought surely to take courage and give 
 Toitolobampo all the help he can, and that would be a good 
 deaL 
 
 Mr. Owen has, I think, shown most consummate skill in 
 originating, planning and organizing this stupendous enterprise, 
 which is far, very far in the front of anything of the present day, 
 and certainly has an abundance of all the dements for a grand 
 success. And what world-wide consequences does it not involve I 
 A totally "New Civilization," lifting mankind up to the high and 
 humane level of union and co-operation in all industries, in place 
 of competitive savagery! Little did I dream in 1844 when I first 
 met with the associative idea in Albert Brisbane's works and the 
 Tribune, and began to write in advocacy of the movement, that 
 I should over be so favored as to see an enterprise of such mag-' 
 ni tude as Mr. Owen's inaugurated, especially after the lament- f 
 able failure of so many of the early ventures called "Phalanxes/' 
 Yet in spite of these failures, I never lost faith for a moment in 
 the ultimate success of the Associative idea, and knew that 
 it would bloom out in due time, for it is simply common sense 
 and equity in human affairs, and yet the great public in > blind 
 to the great fact blinded by the long -habit of business compe- 
 titionthat it seems next to impossible to people so accustomed 
 to have the fainfest idea that the re cttn be any other way of doing 
 the world's work or getting a living except by eternal contention 
 
 < T 4V-rv of Congress* 
 

 and competing and struggling against others. And yet, to on e 
 who sees clearly what ought to he, what can he, and what will 
 assuredly IM\ yes, and what already t* aa co-operators do see 
 our mad eomjietitive system is no system, is the very climax of 
 i||tftttrdity and stupendous folly, wasteful in a thousand ways, 
 and the cxhaustless fountain of countless abominations, since it 
 lash. -s human selfishness into its most extreme and odious mani- 
 festations. 
 
 It is a great, a very great privilege to be connected witli this 
 great enterprise at Topolobampo, t\\e founding of the first gmnd 
 Integral Cooperative Htute, emhracing millions of acres of the 
 hest and most varied of lands that the world has ever seen; a 
 great privilege to be connected with this in even the humblest 
 manner, and I am glad to have done a little in the way of help 
 hy spreading the co-operative idea in various papers. I do not 
 know whether The Jcffenutmnti comes to your office, since it is 
 no longer the colony organ, hut if it does you will have noticed 
 that it lias given ten numbers of my article, "Protection Withuut 
 a Tariff" then it changed owners; hut I urn promised by the 
 latter that they will finish the article (a few more numhers) in 
 their j>aper when it is enlarged in June. If you take Mrs. Kale's 
 j>a}>er, The SocUdogic A T <eirx, of Brooklyn (formerly of Boston), 
 she is giving an article, sent hy her request, on "Integral ('<>- 
 o|M>raiion," a portion each month for nine months. Of this, 
 when through with, I will make a few copies for giving away. 
 
 Am rejoiced that Topolobampo will have an exhibit at 
 Chicago. Yours very truly, 
 
 \\ T M. II. MULLER. 
 
 1 1 <>N. MANUEL FKKNADKZ Y LEAL, Secretary of Foments: 
 Dai r -s'/iv 
 
 Tlie weal tli of a nation consists in the number, variety and 
 ]x-rfection of its home industries. It is these which give employ- 
 ment to every class of its citizens and which make the nation in- 
 dependent of foreign countries. The only wealth any nation can 
 possibly have is its labor. If that is not U'cU directed and diversi- 
 fied the nation is poor. It dtes not matt r if every person in a 
 nation is employed, if said persons are occupied only in producing 
 raw materials to he shipped out of the country, the nation will 
 continue to wt poorer the more the people work. This is so cer- 
 tain that it never fails to produce the same result, whenever and 
 wherever it is practiced. 
 
 Library ^of Congress . 
 
CORKJSSPONDJSNCK. (J5 
 
 General John H. (i onion, late Governor of Georgia, and now 
 United States Senator, h^s shown by actual statistic* that every 
 bale of cotton which wan produced in the Southern States, ami 
 aent awuy in its crude form, made the cotton-growing section 
 poorer; and although Mexico has produced three-quarter* of all 
 the silver in the world she has shipped it mostly away to foreign 
 c< mi tries as bullion, and is poorer probably to-day than if she 
 h id never opened a mine. 
 
 The greatest statute, that of Queeu Elizabeth, was: "Put the 
 peoftlc to trwfc." Like unto and supplemental to this should be 
 another: And diversify and perfect home ittdustrics. Upon these 
 two commandments rtst not only "all the taw and the prophets^' 
 but >upon their intelligent execution depend the prosperity and 
 happiness of the people. 
 
 Not any nation has been more richly endowed with natural 
 resources and with willing labor than Mexico; but Mexico lias 
 relatively profited very little from these great basic forces of 
 wealth, owing to a lack of government guarantee to the Capital 
 necessary to establish large plants for the leading and staple in- 
 du>: i the country; and, at the same time, for want of the- 
 
 oretical and practical opportunities for her youth to learn in 
 schools where the sciences are applied to methods of modern 
 utilities. 
 
 Every nation, without exception, which has taken a first 
 rank in dominion, has had to 8ul*iidm its infant and to protect 
 its growing industries; and Mexico, as an industrial nation, is so 
 much surpassed by others in the skilled and associated labor nec- 
 essary for the establishment of new and basic industries, that she 
 needs just now to make an extra effort to attract ex]K>r| crafts- 
 men with their plants to come to her States to engage in the 
 manufacture of the finished products which are most needed by 
 her i>eople; therefore, Mexico has a rare opportunity, at thievery 
 time, to start a marked impetus into her growing industries, by 
 taking advantage of the exceptional offer herein made, by the 
 Topolobaui{x> colonists, and by inducing the skilled craftsmen 
 with their plants, selected by them, to settle in Sinaloa, and to 
 have them committed to the emjtfoynient only of home raw mate- 
 rials and to the instruction only of Mexican youth into the secrets, 
 theories and crafts of the manufacture of these finished articles. 
 
 Almost any sacrifice, by a nation, which is necessary to cre- 
 
 new and needed home industries, is small when compared 
 
 ,- * 
 
 Library of Congress* 
 ! Owen. Paolfio Citv. 
 
I 
 
 66 CORRESPONDENCE. 
 
 with the benefits, which always follow, to add to the public 
 wealth and to tho general contentment of the citizens. And par- 
 ticularly, at the present period, after Mexico has shown such re- 
 markable advancement in the construction and operation of 
 railroads and when peace only awaits to he permanently guaran- 
 teed by diversifying the employments of the people, does Mexico 
 require to encourage skilled and exjerienced master- workmen to 
 build manufactories and to teach industrial methods to the youth 
 of every section of the Republic. 
 
 The idea which is suggested, by The Topolobampo Colonist*, 
 to the Federal Government, has for a basis the erection of " The 
 ftuxfic City Polytechnic School," which besides complying with 
 the educational law in giving Normal studies, shall have especial 
 craftsmenships for the teaching of agriculture, horticulture, 
 architecture, mining, naval construction, navigation, the making 
 of all kinds of machinery and tools and implements, railroad 
 building, bridging, road making, designing, tile and ceramic 
 manufacture, etc., etc,; in fact, this institution will have under 
 its control, so as to give practical training to the youth of Mex- 
 ico, of all the factories and industries of every class and descrip- 
 tion which may be inaugurated in Pacific City and upon its 
 farms, vessels, railroads, etc. 
 
 To inaugurate this institution, without delay, so as to begin, 
 at once, the practical training of the youth of Mexico, upon an 
 improved and comprehensive scale, The Topolobampo Colonists 
 v.-ish to establish four basic manufactures which shall employ 
 exclusively the raw materials of the country and be the founda- 
 tion for the many other industries which will quickly follow the 
 operation of these selected four. The plans for the works, the 
 machinery required and the details relating to the said four 
 manufacturing plants, an> given separately in the accompanying 
 papers; and with each description may be found photographs and 
 samples of the work now actually done by the master-craftsmen 
 who have these plants in the United States: but who are not 
 likely to come with the same to Sinaloa without they are partic- 
 ularly encouraged by the Government of Mexico and guaranteed 
 against any possible loss they may sustain. To lift these said four 
 industries from their present locations in Pennsylvania and Ohio, 
 and to plant them in Sinaloa, in. a way to compete successfully 
 with the old and favored establishments of like character in 
 Europe and the United States, will require a very large sum of 
 
 * 
 
 ^ % 
 
 Library of Congress* 
 
67 
 
 cash money and a great risk on the part of th* manufacturers, 
 because of the disaster which has fallen to the lot of almost every 
 enterprise which has IHVII attempted in North Western Mexico; 
 and therefore it is petitioned by the Topolobarnpo colonists that 
 Mexico take the lead in encouraging these really great master 
 mechanics and manufacturers to come to Sinaloa, for they will 
 l>e sure, to develop the latent resources of the Republic were they 
 once established upon a basis sufficiently large to fulfil the pur- 
 poses herein mentioned. 
 
 The Topolobampo colonists do not ask Mexico to do all the 
 subsidizing necessary to induce these industries to come to Mex- 
 ico; not by any means; for they have already taken the initiative 
 and have pledged to set aside, without cost, a farm of 2,000 or 
 more acres of the most suitable lands for the raising and culture 
 of the merino sheep which are hereafter mentioned; they will 
 donate any block 600x400 feet, in Pacific City, for each of the said 
 factories, which the manufacturers may select; they will perform, 
 free of charge, all the labor and give all the brick, tile, stone and 
 sand (everything which they have within the Coloniy) necessary 
 
 rect the best and most commodious of buildings; and they 
 will give, also, to every other well organized and useful industry, 
 which >\ ill Incor|K>rate with them to develop the resources of the 
 
 ific Coast of Mexico, select and ample building sites and 
 all the lal>or and materials which they have within themselves to 
 fix the industry in the building required. More than this they 
 cannot do at this stage of their development. But lxsides the 
 benefits which will accrue to the wealth of the Republic by the 
 . il ilishment of such industries as have In-en selected, TheToi>olo- 
 
 ipo ( oloiiiste will make the following further consideration to 
 the Federal Government: 
 
 First. During ten years a gratuitous education shall be 
 *ivcn in a theoretical and practical course of five years at The 
 Pacific City Polytechnic School to fifteen young men and women 
 who shall be designated every year by the President of the Re- 
 public. 
 
 Second. Fifty per cent, of the lambs of the yearly produce 
 of the 1,000 head of Merino sheep imported shall l>e given to the 
 ivtary^f Fomento until 1,000 head are delivered, that he may 
 ributemem, as he sees fit, over the Republic for propaga- 
 tion, etc. -|F 
 
 Library of Congress* 
 
Third.- The caasimere and cloth, etc., for tho uniforms of 
 the Mexican army and navy, as well as all other products which 
 may be manufactured by the colonists in the said mentioned fac. 
 toriesand in all others which may IHJ established by them in 
 Sinaloa shall be sold to the Mexican Government, for its military 
 and naval uses, at prices five per cent. less than the ruling prices 
 of the same either in Europe or the United States. 
 
 Fourth. The colonists will construct in the ship-yard, to In- 
 established on the shores of Topolobampo Bay, within ten years 
 after the said Polytechnic School has bet n inaugurated, an iron 
 revenue cutter, according to the plan accepted by the reflective 
 department, and to build, without further coht to the government, 
 such Federal buildings and other public works in Paciiic City aa 
 the government may require, the total cost of which shall not be 
 less than the $1 ,000,000 (gold) or the amount for which the $1,500,- 
 000 bonds can be sold for, which is asked for as a subsidy to in- 
 augurate the said Polytechnic School. 
 
 The following are the four industries desired for a basis for 
 The Pacific City Polytechnic School. 
 
 1. An iron and steel foundry for the direct reduction of 
 home ores and with a capacity of 100 tons of steel rails a day, 
 
 including the moat modern machinery, plant ai 
 make steel rails, steel plates and all kinds of tools a 
 
 <l methods to 
 id machinery. 
 
 2. A factory for working and iiring all kind tf clay, kaolin 
 and analagous earths, including kilns, workshop aid machinery, 
 etc., for the making of tiles, fire brick, vases, ceraimics, faience 
 
 9 
 
 :, nd like products of superior quality. 
 
 3. A woolen mill capable of making the very lx*st cassi- 
 meres, flannels and cloths fouii d in any market. 
 
 4. The transportation ami care for 1,000 head of the best 
 graded Merino sheep known to the United States; their acclima- 
 tion and raising in the country for their wool and propagation. 
 
 A. K. OWEN. 
 MEXICO CITY, June 14, 1802. 
 
 TOPOLOBAMPO, Mexico, June 3, 1891. 
 CHARLES SCHAEFER, Wichita, Kansas, 
 
 Dear Friend : Yours of the 5th ult. came to hand last even- 
 ing and I will now try to answer it. Most of the time since 1 
 last wrote I have been busily engaged at surveying and have 
 traveled quite extensively over the Colony lands and around the 
 
 
 i Library of Congress. 
 
COtUtKPONMUX '/:. CO 
 
 Bay and endeavored to become UM familiar with our itosMewunns 
 as possible. \Vhen one come* to make a study of tlirin, tin* 
 natural resources ami commercial advantages that are within the 
 grasp of our Colony seem almost unlimited. As for myself , I am 
 well pleaded with the country. Jt is far ahead in all of those 
 natural resources which are adapted to the upbuilding of a higher 
 grade of civilization of anything I have ever seen elsewhen-. 
 The climate during the seven months I have been here lias been 
 perfect 
 
 Only think of a stretch of seven n onths of the most beauti- 
 ful May weather imaginable. Not a blizzard, not a storm, not a 
 eold day, nor a disagreeably warm day during the whole time 
 just delightfully pleasant. 
 
 Our coldest day during the winter was December 24th. The 
 night before a cold wave struck us from the north- west, ai.d 
 when we got up in the morning we found our thermometer had 
 run down to 48 above zero. Out on the Mochis and along the 
 Fuerte river it ran lower than that, even getting below the freez- 
 ing point two or three different days. As the wind was only 
 moderately brisk there was very little suffering. Some of our 
 people living in tents and not having any stoves were a little un- 
 comfortable, and some of the boys who generously gave away 
 their overcoats and most of their blankets before starting for this 
 sunny clime found it convenient to spend their cooi evenings and 
 mornings with their neighbors in the stone house, where blazing 
 fires in open fire-places reminded them of their Northern homes. 
 So far we have had very little hot weather. During the middle 
 of the day, when the mercury indicates the highest temperature, 
 there is always a cool breeze coming in from the gulf. Yester- 
 day was the wannest day w> have haJ in the morning the 
 thermometer registered 79, at noon 96 and in the evening 82. 
 
 Our bay has become quite a pleasure resort. We have 
 now six boats of various sizes and built for various uses, and 
 some of our people are out every day with one or more of them 
 cruising about the Bay on some useful exj>edition. If a man. 
 wishes to take a sail or a row he can nearly always do so and be 
 doing some useful work for the company at the same time. Our 
 best sailing boat is the Pilot which makes a run every day be- 
 tween here and Las Copas, bringing about five hundred gallons 
 of water each trip. 
 
 The Poloma is a sail boat a little smaller than the Pilot and 
 is for general utility. 
 
 
70 CORKESIVNDI 
 
 The Tortuga it a Mpuir* built, deep, flat-bottom boat used for 
 carrying limo, sand, wuxl, etc. It has not as yet In-rome a gen- 
 eral f:i\ri \ a* it is very obstinate and |>ersistH in tf'ing wilh the 
 wind ami tide. The /xirfc in a small row boat "just big enough 
 for two." Th other two boats are tlv "fish Iniat "and the "old 
 canoe." which havo been used during our fUdiin^ excursions, 
 count surveys, etc. But I auppoHe this talk :'>N)iit boats will In- of 
 little interest to people who never see a row Ixuit and who*** onl^ 
 sailing IB in a "Prairie 8 hooner" before a Kansas blizzard. 
 
 The hills around the Bay contain several varieties of .;<< I 
 building htoue, th best of which is a jK>rphyry of sevenil tints, 
 which is quite common but a little difficult to get out with the 
 means w have at hand. Our cust<~n-hous<> is being constructed 
 of this ntone, and it makes a very line looking building and will 
 be as durable a the hilLsfrom whence it came. 
 
 Just around the hill toward the city site, and about a mile 
 fronx here, we burned 'a kiln of go<*l brick and tile which arc 
 U-ing used in the construction of the custom-house. 
 
 You have doubtless become acquainted with the lay of the 
 Bay and the country surrounding it from the descriptions given 
 from time to time, in the Credit Fonder and the Integral Co- 
 
 rator, so I will not take up much of your time in a recapitu- 
 lation of them*. 
 
 Our egg islands, four in number, are a real curiosity, besides 
 furnishing a valuable contribution to our commissary depart- 
 ment They are situated near the middle of Ohuira Bay, opjiositc 
 the city site and about four to six miles from our pier. During 
 the egg season they are a site worth going many miles to see, 
 and when once seen are not likely to be soon forgotten. Three 
 or four men have frequently gone out in the morning in our old 
 canoe and gathered 500 dozen egj^s and returned late in the even- 
 ing. Our egg supply usually lasts about two months, beginning 
 in Dexjember. 
 
 Our hills which skirt the Bay on the south and rise to eleva- 
 tions varying from three to seven hundred feet alx>ve sea level, 
 furnish a panorama of land and water views which would l>e hard 
 to surpass; while our rocks, moilusks, turtle, tish and birds would 
 furnish many interesting studies for the natii' ilist, to say nothing 
 of tho hundred or more sjKH'ies of trees, shrubs, and vines which 
 cover every available spot oa our hills and plains. 
 
 Library of Congress. 
 
t -oft/MAS 1 /v i\T>K\(JB. 71 
 
 The it< of Pacific rity projH-r is imrth of the harW and just 
 back of liif To|M>loltain|io lulU. I\ t>eginsat tide level and rises 
 toward the north, being an alhr.ial plain covered with shrubs, 
 small trees and huge cactus. 
 
 The same plain, < xtcnding on northward and gradually ris- 
 ing several feet to the mile, embrace* our Bachomovampo and 
 Moehis l.;ids \N Inch an* unbroken by a ravine or elevation until 
 we get t<> Mount Mcnioria, 15 1-3 mile* north of our harbor, 
 wfeetefto plain attains an elevation of 45 feet above high tide. 
 Mount Mcmoria covers about 800 acr< *, is a little over 800 fret 
 above the plain at its .summit and contain* a drjxxsit of porphy- 
 ritic. granite which will be of iiutitimable value- in our future 
 work. Upon our Mochia land* w find several valuable trees and 
 shrubs. The lignum vita?, which is well known in commerce. 
 Tin- Brazil woxl valuable for d \riiiK purpoMen. Tim nu'stjuite 
 whi<-h is a line wood for furniture and the j*itahaya which, though 
 little known, promises to be of more value to us than all the 
 others combined, as it furnishes n abundant supply of tar, which 
 I believe will he of great value to us in our arts and manufac- 
 tures. There are many other species, some quite curious and all 
 very interesting as they furnish such a contrast to the Flora and 
 ligneous growths of our Northern states. 
 
 I have touched lightly on our topography and resources. 
 There is so much that could b ( written and HO little time or op- 
 l*>rtunitv to write. As you know, every day here nw is like 
 haying >r harvesting on your northern farms. There i- .-> much to 
 do and ho few to do it. We who are laboring here feel that a 
 great resix>nsibility rests upon us. We are lal>oring not for to- 
 day nor for this generation alone, but for those generations that 
 are to come. Not for ourselves, nor yet for our i>osterity are we 
 self exiled, but to prepare the way for the working out of the 
 grand principles of Integral Co-operation. If any man is prepar- 
 to come to our colony witli the selfish purj>ose of enriching 
 himself, financially, and taking his ease, let him pause- and re- 
 flect. QHMarofc LJxar? 
 
 ' No man can live up to our principles and become wealthy 
 without at the same time contributing to the wealth of his asso- 
 ciates. The two extremes of society, the millionaire and the 
 tramp, are as impossible under our system of co-operation as for 
 white to become black. 
 
 No man can live from the labors of others and fulfil the re- 
 .uireim nts of a co-operator. A man whose uppermost thought 
 
 I 
 
 Library of Congress. 
 
7-3 
 
 U of self and selfish gain, is not.needed here. There may comr- a 
 time when we can give him a place in our midst, hut we cannot 
 afford it now. MfishBM demands injustice, injvinti< -e -reateH 
 suspicion, and suspicion breeds discord. 
 
 It is letter for us to have hut fifty true co-opera tors who un- 
 derstand our principles and can work together in harmony and 
 unity, than to have a thousand whose heart* are not in the work. 
 It is not simply men and women we need, it is not laborers alone 
 that we need; we want Brother** ; nd sisters who understand and 
 lielieve in justice and emiity, and are willing to work not alone 
 for themselves nor for money, hue for humanity. 
 
 The greater part of our trouble and mo^t of our discourage- 
 ment* have been caused by those who did not understand our 
 prinei}les and who had an imperfect idea of our surroundings 
 before coming to the colony. 
 
 Men and women who did not know the. difference l)etwecn 
 co-operation and competition have rushed in blindly and con- 
 trary to all advice. 
 
 Some who were, evidently, no use any where else have taken 
 our colony for an eleemosynary institution, mistaking co-opera- 
 tion for charity. 
 
 Some come apparently imbued with the idea that The Credit 
 Foncier Company is a wealthy vorjx>ration whose only object is 
 to deal out supplies to all who are willing to come here and get 
 them. Some, and does it not seem incredi table, come hen? as 
 members of The Credit Foncier Company pledged to assist in 
 building up the organization and carrying out our principles, 
 bring through their goods under the terms of our concessions, 
 come here to share the property and advantage** earned by years 
 of labor and thousands of dollars of capital put in by Mr. Owen 
 and his co-laborers; come here under these circumstances and 
 then when asked to do some work for the company refuse to trurk 
 for credit*. And why this refusal? Because they claim the 
 credits have* no commercial value; because they cannot take the 
 credits to the Mexican towns and with them buy Mexican j^oods. 
 There are others who come here and work just enough to pay 
 their expenses, spending the rest of their time visiting at the 
 different camps, or lounging about. 
 
 When any company goods are to l>e distributed or favors are 
 to be granted, these people are always the first to forge to the 
 front and receive their share. 
 
 
 Mbrary of Congress* 
 
;. 73 
 
 It is claques of |M>nple like the* that tend lo makr .,,-,,|M... 
 tora weary, and it is from th<>e .hi*** of mm aid *omcn thai 
 we hear that the credits are worthless, thai co-o|>cration in ;i 
 failure, that The Credit Foncier < 'ompany in bankrupt, tliat tin- 
 leaders are frauds, and that the directors an* inc<>ni|etciit. 
 
 It was little things like these that, during the first t. \v months 
 aftT m y arrival, math' me somewhat discouraged. I wan pre- 
 pared for pioneering. I knew what to expin-t in that line and 
 was prepared to meet it, hut I v UK Hurprintnl, and 8<>r'ly disap- 
 pointed to mect even one such p -rHon aa I have descried. ( )f all 
 places In the world, why, oh v hy, should such p^rHons como 
 toSinalua? Or if they muni come why don't they lt ua get on 
 our ftet before they try to pull us down? 
 
 It was during these first few months, Charley, that I wrote 
 you not to comedown hero for the present. 
 
 It was not that I douhted the final success of the movement, 
 hut 1 saw tlmt a small band of j>eople who were true co-oj>crat<rs 
 would have to carry this movement and not only overcome all 
 the obstacles una voidable in pioneering in a new and foreign 
 country, but at the same time overcome a discordant element 
 that was undermining the colony. The hardest things we have 
 had to con tend with, an -I the most dangerous withal, are those 
 malcontents people who never ought to have come to the colony. 
 They are "kickers" all the time they are with us and misrepre- 
 sent us when they leave us. 
 
 A number of nice people who would otherwise have made 
 good colonists have been turned against us by these insidious 
 croakers, or have become discouraged at the prospects in a colony 
 Unit seemed divided, and have gone back into competition, sig- 
 nitiying their willingness to return when the colony shall have 
 been an assured success. 
 
 Perhaps these few remarks will show you some of the dis- 
 couragements that have beset us that many of us did not antici- 
 pate, and which were therefore harder to l>ear. 
 
 I am happy to be able to say that the discordant element is 
 rapidly diminishing, and with the end of the Fund work ujnm 
 the ditch I think they \v1ll almost entirely disapi>ear. Mr. Owen 
 talked very plain to us when he was here, and it has had a salu- 
 Ury effect. When the Fund work ends there will l>e but one 
 
company to work for,and that will be The Credit Fonder Company 
 There will be but one medium of payment, ami that will he 
 "ci edits." 
 
 There will be no neutral ground. Thoso who are not for us 
 are against us, and thono who are against im will not find it to 
 tl.rir interest to remain. I think a majority of them are already 
 tfom> and there are more to follow. 
 
 J. ('. UKRRINO. 
 
 Library of (Congress 
 Owen. PaoilHc City.