AfcTZl 
 W95 

 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 
 AT LOS ANGELES
 
 MIS CE LLANEO US 
 
 COMMUNICATIONS, 
 
 PUBLISHED BY 
 
 JAMES ANDERSON, 
 
 M. D. AND A.M. 
 PHYSICIAN GENERAL, 
 
 Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Of 
 
 the American Philofopbical Society at Philadelphia 
 
 and Member of the Society of Planters, of 
 
 St HELENA.
 
 .___. 
 
 
 
 To JAMES ANDERSON, ESQUIRE, 
 
 Ptyjtcian Central, 
 sin, 
 
 I AM directed by Colonel Brai&waite to inclofe to you a cop/ 
 of a letter from him o Government, which accompanied 
 reports of the Officers co nmarvling Cavalry Stations (Major 
 Stevenfon excepted) relative to your propofai for the cultivatioa 
 of the Bailard Cedar. 
 
 WALTER WILSON, SECRETARY. 
 Head Barters, March l$fh, i~iq\. 
 
 To the Hon. SIR CHARLES OAKELEY, Bart. 
 
 ca Grvemor in Council. 
 
 HONORABLE SIR, 
 
 o T HAVE been thus long prevented from replying to a letter 
 JL of Mr. Secretary Jackfoa's, of the 24-th of January, en. 
 doling a copy of a letter from the Phyfician General, recom- 
 mending the cultivation of the baltard Ce"dar Tree, at the Ca. 
 talry Cantonments, for the feeding horfes, waiting for the re- 
 ports from the feveral Commanding Officers of the^ Cavalry Rc- 
 girnents, r.nd am no.v unwilling longer to delay laying the refult 
 before your Honorable Board, although I have not as yet receiv- 
 ed a reply from Mapr Steveafon, which I attribute to this ex- 
 treme ill ftate of health. 
 
 1 imagine tl at tl.e Icur letters, of which I 1 ave now the honor 
 to enclofc copies, will fuflice to enable government to form a 
 judgment ( viz. ) one from Coionei Floyd, one from .Viajor Vounge, 
 one from Major Pater, and one from Major Orr. 
 
 Thefe gentleman, in general, feemto think the mcafure will be 
 of great utility, and I think, although the fubjcCi of the expence 
 B has
 
 lias not been fully gone into, that fufficient has been faid to ena- 
 ble government to form a very near guefs what cxpence will 
 attend the caufmg; five fuch Plantations to be made, namely, one 
 at each Cavalry nation and I am of opinion that the expence 
 will be warranted by introducing through thefe means generally, 
 the cultivation of a tree which is ftated to afford fuch excellent 
 food for cattle, by which, no doubt, agriculture will be much ?.f- 
 fifled; and I will own to you that 1 look more to fuch general ad- 
 vantage, to be derived from it, thafl to its particular utility in af- 
 fording food for horfes, and that tor a reafon which lam fu.rpriz- 
 ed has not occurred to any of thoie Officers, whofe letters I have 
 now the honor to enclofe, and that is ( taking it for granted that 
 it is good and wholefome food for horfes, ) whether it is a wife 
 meafure, to accuftom the horfes in peace time, at their Canton- 
 ments, to a very fweet and nutritious food, which cannot by any 
 means be carried to the field with them, as the fudden change of 
 diet, and particularly from a rich fucculent food, fuch as this is 
 defcribed to be, may occaficn them to fall off, and become fov/cak, 
 as not to recover their itrength again during the campaign, which 
 appears to me a consideration deleaving of the molt ferious atten- 
 tion. 
 
 The fituation T now hold, has caufed me to think it a duty in- 
 cumbent on me to ftate what may materially affect the fervice. 1 
 am neverthelefs a great advocate for introducing the growth of 
 thefe trees, on the general principle of their affording nourifh- 
 ment for cattle; and think Doctor Anderfon has great merit in 
 ftartingthe fubjeft. and as the Officers who have written on the 
 fubjeft all appear willing and defirous to fuperintend the cultivati- 
 on,, I cannot but recommend that the Plantations mould be made. 
 
 JOHN BRAITHWAITE, 
 
 A true Copy, (Jigntd) WALTER WILSON,. SECRETARY. 
 Head Barters, Madras, March I2tb t 1795. 
 
 To JAMES ANDERSON, ESQUIRE, 
 
 I OUGHT to have acknowledged before now the r 
 your books, and of the plants you have been fo good 
 me ; I hope that the Jamaica Plant will do well here, as i 
 would be a great bleffiog in this parched country*
 
 ( 3 1 
 
 . Although I have not done myfelf the honor of writing to you be* 
 >re, I hive not been an inattentive, nor an indifferent ipectator, of 
 the great and laudable exertions you have made to ferve your coun. 
 try, and I no. v heartily rejoice to learn that you have fucceeaedto 
 a degree that could not have been expected. 
 
 I wifh I could give you a fimibur account of the improvements 
 of this fide of In lia ; but \ve h?.ve hitherto had no perfon like you, 
 to remove oc: prejudices, rr:r to ftimuUte our exertions; a little 
 indeed has beef, dor.e ir. Nilfette. A few years ago, I procured two 
 or three hundred acres of land on that Ifland, tor the purpole of 
 making trids of feveral kinds of culture: Mr. Stewart, whom you 
 hav fcen at Madras, has been permitted by this government to 
 feSde there, and we have now a crop of fagar cane in great perfection. 
 ' coffee and forne other articles, ahfwer very well, but we 
 have hitherto not fucceeded with indigo. 
 
 I fliocld be extremely obliged to you to fend me an account of 
 y-ur method at Madras of preparing chunam for buildings, ter- 
 races, tanks, &c. for I underhand you excel us very muchmthefe 
 works ; I believe that the chunam that you ufe is no better thaa 
 tvhat we have bere, nor perhaps fo good as that we import from 
 Arabia. The difference therefore mutt arife from the ingredients 
 that you mix \vith it, or, in fome degree, from the method of \vork. 
 ing it; you will do me a very great favor if you will fend a fpe- 
 cimen of all the fubftances that you pet into the chunam, and 
 their hiftory, as far as it is known. It appears to me, from whate. 
 ver I have feen here, that the art cf the Indians confifts merely irt 
 producing an acid fimilar to the acid of fugar, which unites with 
 the lime, and forms a compound fuperior to felenite in being info, 
 luble in water, and in other refpects. 
 
 I hope you will excufe me for the trouble that I have ventured 
 to put you to, and I beg, as fooa as is convenient, that you will 
 favor me v/ith an anfwer. 
 
 H. SCOTT. 
 
 V) Ofiolerz^tv, 17950 
 
 To DOCTOR SCOTT, BOMBAY. 
 
 I AM favored with you? letter of October 2^th, which givta 
 me much pleafure, as the commencement you have uade will 
 no doubt be extended to the countries lately ceded by TippoO, 
 v/here in a lower latitude you will experience lefs difFerer.ee of 
 heat and cold, and thereby carry on the culture of tropical pro.
 
 C 4 ) 
 
 d5llons with more cafe than on Salfette, as well as that year pof. 
 felons there are more extenfive. 
 
 'J he only nicety I kn:>w, in the culture of indigo, is to fow it at 
 the commencement of the feafon of heavy dews foiling, which here 
 is the month of January, as by this means the jlaru is preferved 
 during iis tender ftate ; but no doubt the feafons muit be veiy dif- 
 ferent on the Malabar Coaft, where the heavy rains which are al- 
 ways hurtful to indigo fall in the 3. W. Monfoon when the fun 
 is in its northern declination. 
 
 I Ihall foon fend you more feeds of the bafiard Cedar of Jamai- 
 ca, which will very well reward every one who rears it in thefe 
 parched countries, in the feeding and prefervation of their cattle. 
 
 I enclofe a memorandum left by my friend Coicnel Floyd, who 
 is very defircus oi getting the kind cf hcrfe from Arabia, of which 
 be has given an account; in obtaining which, if you can give us 
 any afiitance, it will lay both him and me under a very great 
 obligation. 
 
 I likewife fend anfwers to your queries about chunam, 
 which I hope will prove fatisfaftcry and applicable to ufe, 
 and will fend you a copy of my farther Public Ccrrefponder:ce, 
 as fooa as it returns from the Frefs, 
 
 And am, DBA* SIR, Your very obedient Servant, 
 
 JAMES ANDERSON. 
 fart Si. Ceorge t 'January 27.'^, 1794. 
 
 MEMORANDUM FOR DOCTOR FCGTT, AT COLONEL FLOYD'j 
 
 RI2 T. 
 
 HE wifhes to provide an Arabian horfe, of the race, called 
 Cacllani. This is faid to be preferved by the Bedouins inhabit- 
 ing between Euiicra and Syria, he \vifhes the Horfe to be 
 4, 5, 6, or 7 yer.rs old, of the br^eft fize, and ftrongeit 
 make, and if poilible to procure a certificate cf his Ereed. 
 'I he Jiiftory of the Cachlani race, or even fables of their 
 origin. 
 
 Colonel Floyd would go as far as co or even 1000 Pago- 
 das, for an unquestionable fine young hoife, of an age fit 
 to ride, of this breed; and would prefer fuch an one as the 
 Arabians themfelves eileem. 
 
 ANSWERS
 
 r 5 ) 
 
 TO DOCTOR SCOTT's QUERIES, 
 CIIUNAM, &c. 
 
 Stefan i/. The chunam hf re is found In low lands, and 
 in (hull detached pieces, never as in Europe, in TUCKS, or on high 
 grounds. 
 
 h the fame the cafe st "Madras ? what appears to be the reafoft 
 of this in tropical countries ? 
 
 di'jiver ijt.~ r l lie chunam here is fcuncl in the fame manner, 
 and chiefly collected from the ploughed fields, although we 
 have likev/ife great ftrata's of ihcli marble. 
 
 There is norning in this peculiar to tropical cour.tries, further 
 th.in as they are more favorable to animalization the means by 
 which nature operates the fej aration of caicarious earth from 
 the general rr.afs. 
 
 %u<Jti)n ^(L Have yea any chalk ? 
 
 A-Jwerrd. I ac Lunoe, which is the matrix of diaincnd here, 
 is the neareit approach that I have feen to chalk ? 
 
 i-:>Jiion $d What ingredients are added in diffr rent works, 
 to your chunam, and in what proportions ? by what rule is it af. 
 cenained that the infuiiouof diefc ingredients is in proper proper, 
 tion to the chunam ? 
 
 Anfaer $d. One parrah, about a bufhel, of chunam, well 
 mixed with two parrahs of coarfe fand, by b-ating, and water 
 added, till it is of the confidence ofapalte, is ail the preparation 
 it receives till it is brought to the bricklayers, who have pots of 
 water rlanding by them, in which an eighth part of as :r,ucn jag. 
 gery (coarfe fagar j is diffolvedj that is to fay, a pound of fugar to 
 a Ballon of water. 
 
 "With this fugar and water, thepa^e, or mortar is mixed with 
 only two or three ttrokes of the trow el, and more of the fu^ar 
 and water added, till it is rendered fo liquid as to run into, and 
 11 up ah the chinks and crevices of the building, when another 
 courfe of bricks is Inid, and the application of the mor.ar a^ain 
 repeated, and fo on alternately, till the wall or build in j- is 
 compleated. 
 
 Fcr this kind of work and for the quantity of ii-rr afore- 
 mentioned, about ten poi:a.nj ;iht; pollu.u ten pagodas wei ht) of 
 fu^ar is commonly ufeJ. 
 
 A wall fo comrude.l, is afterwanls covered over \\ ith a coat 
 of what is called coarfe chunam ; for which one par, ah of thu- 
 naoi is mued by beat ing. as before, with a itick rcieaiblin^ the
 
 ( 6 ) 
 
 fcoman pilum, with an equal quantity of coarfe fand, in the ap. 
 plication of which five pollum of fugar is ufed. 
 
 To render the face of the wail perfectly even, and prepare it 
 for receiving thepolifhed coat, a fecond covering is applied, con- 
 fifting of four parrah of fine chunam, mixed by grinding en a 
 granite flab, with one parrah of white fand. 
 
 The fand is previodfly fifted, to prevent the mixture of f::i;!'.I 
 ftones, no jaggery is mixed with this, or any addition but water, 
 which fhouid be perfectly fweet. 
 
 Laft of all, the fine chunam, to receive a polifh, is applied ; for 
 which the fhells offhell fi(h are preferred, in the proportion of fix 
 parrahs ground very fine on a granite flab with a granite rol- 
 ler, to one parrah of the pureft white chryftaliine fand, till by the 
 addition of water they become a fmojth uniform pafte. 
 
 To this, the following ingredients are added, while the pafte is 
 fpreading on the wall. For twenty feet fquare, tyre ( turned 
 milk) one meafure or three pints, four eggs, five pollum of 
 ghee or butter, and three pollum of foap ftone (Lapis Ollaris) 
 powdered and mixed with the hand, as they are ilfed; they 
 reckon that the work poliihes better likewife when two of three 
 pollum of the foap ftone has been previouHy mixed with the pafte, 
 
 The fine chunam now applied, muft be well rubbed with po- 
 lifhed fteel trowels for a conflderable time, the more labour that 
 is beftowed, the more beautiful it becomes : the water that exudes 
 from it ( and it will fweat like a perfon in the hot bath ) muft be 
 wiped off, and if any cracks appear, the trowel muft be again 
 diligently applied; it will continue to fweat for fome days accord- 
 ing to the ftate of the weather, and the water fhould be carefully 
 wiped off every morning with clean cloths, otherwife the colour 
 Will be tarnifhed. 
 
 It is now dulled with powdered foap ftone in a linen bag, and 
 the laft polifh given by rubbing with pieces of polifhed granite, 
 or petroiilix ; in fhort this labor continues, while there is any exu- 
 dation of moifture, and until the work is perfectly confolidated. 
 
 Quefthtt ^.th. Is quick-lime preferred to lime that has been 
 kept for fome time, provided the latter continues in a fubtle 
 powder? 
 
 Anfiuer ^tJj. They pay no regard to this, and for ?.!! the 
 purpofes I have mentioned the lime is generally brought hot 
 from the kiln before it is compleatly flacked. 
 
 S^urftion 5//>. -Where do you get the fand that you mix with 
 the lime ? muft it be pure iilicious earth, or do they ufe fuch as 
 is mixed with {hells, calcarious earth, or alumine ? are they in 
 the habit of ufmg powdered brick, inftead of fand? 
 
 Anfiuer
 
 v' 7 ) 
 
 zib.-~ For building, they ufe the far.d of any itrearn 
 where the water is uveet; which hereabouts is felt fpar and quartz, 
 being fragments of the grani:e roclc of which fre Peniafula chief- 
 ly co;:f.iU; but for mixture - .vi:h the polifr.ed chunam, we have a 
 : 1 rivatore, or. the fca Beach, of pure chryllalline white 
 land. 
 
 All faliae natter, except fugar, and the other ingredients I 
 have ty;eruioneci, arc deemed hurtful. Our walls are corroded 
 here by the fpray of the fea, and vapours from the earth, where 
 the foil ii aluminous. 
 
 They make terraces of broken bricks or gravel, and when 
 the latter is fiiicious, fuch as may be found in the beds of rivers, 
 the terrace will endure for ages. Bricks that have been throughly 
 burned, and reduced to powder, anfwer as well as any fand, in the 
 mixture of lime for building. 
 
 To lay a terrace, one parrah of broken bricks, one parrah 
 of chunam, and five pollums of jaggary, diilolved in good 
 water, and miAed together, is called jelly. 
 
 Lay this jelly to the thicknefs you require ; for the roof of a 
 houfe or choultry, it h commonly not lefs than fix or more than 
 twelve inches thick, and beat it with the trowel till it comes 
 even on the furface, and then rub it with wooden trowels, and 
 frequently mciften it with jaggary water fprinkled upon it (or 
 poured) for feveral days, continuing the rubbing till it is fufiici-. 
 enily confolidated. 
 
 This, is afterwards coarfe chunamed, with a mixture in the fol- 
 lowing proportions; one parrah of chunam, one and a half par- 
 rah ot far.d, and fivepollum of jaggary, and laftly fine chunamed, 
 either fcr terrace work, or to contain water, as a tank or pond, 
 Grind four parrahs of chunam, and one parrah of ch.ryftalline 
 fand together, and mix with the mafs five eggs, three pints of 
 tyre, and five pollum of ghee. 
 
 N. B. I ha,ve found oil of fefamum, a,rd other exprefied 
 oik, anfwer as well as ghee. 
 
 While this mixture is applying, five pollum of the lapis ollaris 
 (Balpum of the Tamuls) is dulled upon it and worked into it with 
 the trowel the pclifning is finiihed as beforementioned. 
 
 It is worthy of remark, that where a wall is conltruded of great 
 thicknefs, and faced with ftone, which leaves great and irregular 
 inequalities on the infide, they fill up the heart of the wall by pour- 
 ing in the abovementioned jelly, an art probably imported into 
 Europe by the Romans; but Jolt again by the barbarous tribes who 
 fubverted the Empire ; as I have fceaaplace on the water of Leith, 
 
 in
 
 f 8 ) 
 
 in MidLctha'n, called Lennox CaSle.on the elite of JcKn Ccotf, 
 of Milienie, which has beea fconftrucled in the fame nunner. 
 ' The tie )r/ of the whole fubjc-t ho //ever, may b-2 c;ilefhd 
 from the experiments of the Honorable Mr. CaverJ.ifh, en lime. 
 lion-, pu'jiiihed in the phHofophitai tranfactions ; sni the fabjedt 
 farther elacidatei by Doctor Black, In his refearchcs into the na. 
 ture of li ne. water. 
 
 The art being preferred here, is a proof, either that this coun. 
 try has never beea entirely conquered, or that the Conquerors have 
 been iefs fat-age thai our Progeaitors, much however may be 
 attribute I to the and juity ani nature of calls amongft the Indi- 
 ans, in accounting for the prefer vation of their manners, cuftoms 
 and arts. 
 
 Q-feftnn 6 f k. Tn what proportions do they mix the chunaia 
 a.iJ land together? 
 
 A.ij-iver &t. Vide anf.vers ^d, and ^th. 
 
 Qj-jliT'i "](b. What is the reafon of buildings decaying fo foon 
 in this country, . in which lime has been ufed as in Europe, with, 
 out the addition of the Indian ingredients? 
 
 A"Jwpr ith. Q^ick-lime is ib powerful an abforbsnt, it can. 
 not ceafe to ait till it is faturated, and the pabulum is fupplied 
 jmredireft!'/ by mixing the Indian ingredients, than the external 
 contact of the atmofphere will admit; in the European method, by 
 the aoforption of fixed air. 
 
 igj'-jiun Stb. Duyou make any particular ad. lition when you 
 f jr.n works that fait or fo(h water is immediately to cover ? 
 
 A j\ver 8 /A. Nothing more tha'a that aaeocreafe of the in. 
 gredients is held advantageous Li all cafes, efpecially in works that 
 are to lye under water. 
 
 Qnejihn g h. Do they wet the mixture of lime and fand for 
 fo.ne time previoully to the addition of the ether ingredients ? 
 
 Anfauer fyk* The mixture of lime and fand is only rr.oiften. 
 e.l with \va:^r whi;e it is beat in a trough of granite flabs, with the 
 pilum of wood, fj.netim.-s (h.od with iron ; an operation that may 
 rut f>rae hours, and the mixture is generally removed in wicker 
 ba.k'-rs, to the workmen, as foon as it is judged to be fufficiemly 
 beaten. But I have known the fine chunam mixture of lime and 
 fand, preferved moi.t and fcft, underwater in a tank, for feveral 
 days, till fujh ti:ne as the wail where it was intended to be laid 
 wa> eltee;ned thoroughly dry, and afterwards applied as effectually 
 ut. if it had been recently a:ade 
 
 EXTRACT
 
 f 9 ) 
 
 A LETTER FROM JOHN BRISTOW, ESQ. 
 
 Dated, May 22, 1794- 
 To JOSIAS D'.J PRE PORCHER, E Q. 
 
 I WAS favored with the duplicate of your letter of the gth April 
 laft, the original having mifcarried, and immediately applied 
 to Sir John "--bore, refpeitingthe fhawl goats.Sir John expreiiedhis 
 great refped for Doctor Anderfon's chara&ei, and would have' 
 been extremely happy to comply with his requeft, but the goats 
 were procured by order of the Directors, for the purpofc of being 
 fent to Sir John Sinclair; their arrival here has been reported home, 
 and the Court ad viced that they would be difpatched to England 
 by the lirft fhips which may lail in the proper feafon ; under thefe 
 circumitances, Sir John Shore thought he could not with propri- 
 ety intruft the delivery of them to Sir John Sinclair, to any other 
 hands than the Court of Directors. Colonel John Murray, and o. 
 ther gentlemen here, have been competitors with Doclor Ander- 
 ion, for the honor of being the channel for prefenting the goats to 
 Sir John Sinclair, and were refufed on fimilar grounds; I trufl; 
 this explanation will prove fatis'aclory to Doftor Anderfon. 
 
 Some of the goats have died ; but to compenfate three deaths, 
 more have been born of the genuine breed; fo that I hope a fuf- 
 ficient ttock will be preferved to make the intended experiment 
 in Scotland. 
 
 In conference of my refidence at the court of Owde, I have 
 numerous acquaintances in the upper provinces, and will endea- 
 vour to procure fome more goats, if I fucceed they {hall be fent 
 to Doctor Anderfon. 
 
 To SIR JOHN SINCLAIR, BART. 
 
 BY Captain Curtis, of the Swallow Packet, I fent you a ram, 
 with iix horns, from Mount Ararat ; and by Captain Chat- 
 field, of the Rodney, another of the fame breed, with four horns, 
 which I hope you have fafely received as the third, likewife pre- 
 fented me by Shamir Sultaun, is iiiice dead, but this is of lefs con- 
 fequence, as I now fee by Truffier's habitable world, that Pallas 
 found this many homed breed amongil the Tartars in Siberia, fo 
 that in cafe they fhould appear an objeft worthy the attention of 
 yourfociety, they, may be more readily procured by the way of 
 St. Peterlbourgh. In my laft letter of February 2Oth, I mention- 
 ed on the ioJormation of Doftor Roxburgh, the arrival of 1 8 
 C Ihavd
 
 fhawl goats at the botanical garden in Calcutta, which I con- 
 ceived might have been procured for you at the inilance of Colo. 
 flel Kyd, at any rate I was convinced that the death of this gen- 
 tleman prevented proper notice being taken, other wife they would 
 have gone on the Rodney, or fome of the {hips which failed at 
 that time. 
 
 As the prefervation of thefe goats appeared to me an object 
 moft worthy the attention of your purfuits ; I requeued Mr. Por- 
 cher of this place, to follicit Mr. Briftow, that they might not 
 remain longer in the hot climate of Bengal, than neceoity 
 obliged; and have the honor to enclofe a copy of his anfvver, 
 which I hope will prove fatisfaftory. 
 
 JAMES ANDERSON, 
 ^ort St. George, June nth, 1794. 
 
 To JAMES ANDERSON, ESQUIRE. 
 
 THE Minifter of this Court, Azeem ul Omrah, having 
 heard of the progrefs you have already made in the rear- 
 ing of Silk- worms, and of ths extenfive benefits that are likely 
 to accrue from the further profecution of your defign, is ex- 
 tremely anxious to introduce through your means fo valuable 
 and beneficial a branch of manqfafiure as the filk one is 
 likely to prove, into his mafter's dominions. 
 
 "With this view he is defirous of procuring the eggs of the 
 worm, together with every poffible information on fo exten. 
 five and interefting a fubjeft; and as he is well aware that 
 the fuperintendance of a perfon well verfed in the various 
 branches of the bufinefs, would tend greatly to accelerate as 
 well as facilitate the undertaking, he has reqaefted our refi- 
 dent at this courr, to ufe his. endeavours to procure a com. 
 petent perfon to whom every poffible encouragement will not 
 fail of being given. 
 
 As my brother has not the happinefs of a perfonal acquain- 
 tance with you, I have readily undertaken to fupply this, de- 
 ficiency, under' convidion that your complaifance, and aftive 
 benevolence will not only induce 9, ready compliance on your 
 part, ( as far as may lie in your power ) with the above re. 
 
 rls ; but alfo lead you to fee and approve of the motive* 
 aftuate me to become the channel of them. 
 Two fluins of raw Silk, made at Yellore, and now in my 
 
 poileffion
 
 ( II ) 
 
 poiteffion, have been much admired here. The Mulburry tree 
 thrives very well, and at the fame time is, I believe, tolerably 
 abundant^ in this country. 
 
 JAMES ACHILLES KIRKPBTRICK. 
 Beder, zd Jufj, 94. 
 
 To CAPT. JAMES ACHILLES KIRKPATRICK. 
 
 I am very happy to be acquainted by you, for whom I have a 
 fincer* regard, that there appears a difpoiition at the Court of 
 Hydrabad, to introduce the Silk manufacture, the fuccefs of 
 which in any climate of Hindoftan cannot be doubtful; and 
 Beder, where you now are, appearing the native country of 
 the vine, muft be favorable to the mulberry. 
 
 For the moft adequate information in my power, I enclofe a 
 copy of all that I have pubiiihed on the fubjeft, and will not 
 only fuppy you by the tappal, with eggs myfelf, butlikewife 
 defire Air. Wilfon at Guntoor, who is fo much nearer, to rear 
 and forward you a breed. 
 
 Could you perfuade Capt. Robt. Mackay, who is with 
 Major Roberta's Detachment, to pay you a vifit, he can explain 
 any thing that may appear obfcure in my publications, and is able 
 to affift in fpeedily arranging every thing needful for rearing 
 the worms, and laying out plantations of mulberry. The 
 two fkains of Silk you fo much admire, muft be of his manufa&ure, 
 while he was on duty at the Fort of Velio re. 
 
 I can only fay farther, that if you will take the trouble to 
 fend any of the people here, who are to be employed in this 
 bufineis, I will order ifc fervants to {how them the whole pro. 
 cefs, as it is carried oh in my garden. 
 
 JAS. ANDERSON. 
 v ortSt. Georgt> i6th July, 1794. 
 
 To CAPTAIN PAKENHAM, of HIS MAJESTY'S 
 
 SHIP RESISTANCE. 
 
 I HAVE the pleafure to fend you three entire copies of 
 my publications for the improvement of this country, in 
 hopes that you will do me the honor to enclofe one of them 
 
 C 2 to
 
 ( 12 ) 
 
 to the Bifaop of Landaff, who I believe is the learned and 
 elegant Dr. Watfon; another to Mr. More, Secretary to the 
 Society for the encouragement of Arts, and that the third 
 may contribute to your own amufement, in the fins weather 
 pf the Indian Seas. 
 
 In cafe you write to thefe gentlemen, as I wifh you may, 
 let them know that Weft India Plants will thrive on any part 
 of this coaft, and I have this morning received a letter from 
 Captain Read Colleftor of Barra-mall, of which the follow- 
 ing is an extract; which you will be fo good as communicate 
 to them, as a commencement to the introduction of the pro- 
 ductions of the high Latitudes. 
 
 " Allow n?^ to trouble you for as many more feeds, to give 
 tf Doctor Prd, who has been fo good to take charge of a 
 " fmall, bit feemingly excellent fpot, for the cultivation of 
 * f Exotic P.antsj on the top of the Rock of Kiftnagurry, \\hich 
 " may be fa fficiently fupplied with water all the year round." 
 As you have fo attentively made an offer of your fervices, 
 and expect to return here in December, which is the moft favor- 
 able feafon for putting plants in the ground, beftdes Cloves and 
 Nutmegs, which we have never yet been able to obtain; I have 
 taken the liberty to enclofe a lift, any of which will be accepta, 
 ble from the countries which you may vifit. 
 
 JAS. ANDERSON. 
 Fort St. George, Auguft l^th, 1795. 
 
 TO DOCTOR ANDERSON. 
 
 I have had much pleafure fince my arrival here, in vifiting 
 the mulberry plantation in this neighbourhood, which is in a 
 very flourishing way, tho' not foextenfive as I expected to find 
 it; the trees are fo luxuriant, that they will yield feveral thou- 
 fand cuttings, which might be very advantageoufly planted, 
 at this feafon, as the hot land winds are now over, and we may 
 expect conftant refrefhing fnowers for fome time to come; no 
 place is more adapted for the extention of Mulberry plantations 
 than Guntoor ; the foil feems favorable to vegetation in general, 
 and there are abundance of wells, from which a plentiful fupply 
 of water can be had at all times of the year. 
 
 I mould think myfelf wanting in that refpect which I owe 
 you, did I not Itep forward to offer my fervices to fuperintend 
 the plantations here (which were originally under the care of 
 jny predecefibr, (Mr. Mackenzie) and to extend them as far as 
 Buy be thought nccefTary I am the rather ftimulated to this, 
 
 feeing
 
 ( '3 ) 
 
 feeing that fo many of my cotemporaries, profefiional men, 
 have had r. is office intrufted to their care j and mould feel 
 much hurt.wjrs it fuppofed I was not equally zealous to promote 
 a matter of fo much public utility. 
 
 I would net hare addrefied you on this fubjeft at prefent, 
 knowing that you had declined any farther interference in the 
 bufmefs, were I not enclined to hope, that you may at a more 
 favorable period r.'-aiTume your correfpondence with government 
 on this fubjeft ; and ultimately complete what your indefati- 
 gable; exertions have already fo far effected. 
 
 I have read with much attention all your late publications, 
 on the introduction of the Silk manufacture, and the cultivation 
 of the bailard cedar tree, fugar cane, &c. &c. and mould be much 
 gratified, were it in my power to aid you in your laudable 
 endeavours to render the propagation ct thefe plants general 
 throughout the country ; I am much inclined to think the fugar 
 cane would thrive well here ; the foil is a light red earth, with 
 a mixture of loame ; in fome parts water is plentiful and the 
 villages abound with rich manure. 
 
 The feed of the Baftard Cedar, which you have already fent 
 up here has not fucceeded under Major Wynch and Mr. Ram ; 
 I would have much pleafure in giving it a trial, and think the 
 feafon now more favorable to it than it was two months ago. 
 
 I have made a purchafe of a piece of ground, which it is my 
 intention to form into a garden, where I mall plant all forts of 
 plants, indiginous and exotic, fuch as country greens, cabbages, 
 turnips Sec. and (hall be very happy to give the ballard cedar a place 
 amongft them, it you will favor me with a few of the cones by 
 the Tappal. 
 
 GEORGE WILSON. 
 Guntour, July i g.', 1 794. 
 
 TO DOCTOR ANDERSON, MADRAS, 
 I received your obliging letter, and was much pleafed with the 
 account of your method of ufmg chunr.m; it is much more fimple 
 than ours, and for terraces it appears to be preferable in every ref- 
 peft, whether it is alfo to be preferred for tanks and aquedufts, 
 I cannot take upon me to judge. 
 
 I mould perhaps have told you in my former letter, that I was 
 anxious for information on the fubjecl of chunam works, as Sir 
 
 Jofeph
 
 ( 14 ) 
 
 Jofeph Banks has exprefled a great defirti to me, to be made ac* 
 quainted with the art, I have written him all that I could learn on 
 thatfubjeft; I had unfortunately fent away my letter to him be, 
 fore yours came to hand, for I found that I had been telling him 
 Corns things that were not itridly true: I told him for inltance 
 that our method at Bombay was with little variation the practice 
 all over India, I judged it therefore right to fend him a cop/ of 
 your account, which will be very acceptable to him; of this I hope 
 you cannot difapprove. 
 
 I fent Colonel Floyd's Memorandum to my frelnd Mr. Small, 
 Surgeon of the Company 'sFaftary at Grain. In a letter which 
 I got the other day, dated June 24th, he fays " I (hall be happy to 
 tc do what I am able to fufil Doilor Anderfon's wifnes, I have at 
 " prefent a horfe that would highly gratify him; if the circumftance 
 " of his being a gelding is not againft him; he is two years and a 
 " half old, r 4 hands and an inch high, of a roan colour a more 
 ' highly bred animal has not been feeninthis part of the world; he 
 " is of the true Chylani or Kylani breed, as the Arabs call it; 
 " whichltake to bctlieCocklariic{Neib&ur,zs the Bedowin Arabs 
 " here have never heard the name cochlane, I purchafed two horfes 
 " from the Bedowins in the winter, when a great Hordofthem 
 " were in this neighbourhood. The other horfe is alfo of a very 
 " high breed, a guelding, he is four years old, of a forrel colour, and 
 " large fize, 1 5 hands and an inch high: he is of a ftrong make and 
 " runs very faft, I think he would be liked by an officer in the 
 " field. I propofe to fend you them both to Bombay, if I can pro. 
 " cure a paffage for them, where you may be determined by the beft 
 " judges whether it is worth while to fend one or both of them to 
 " Doctor Aaderfon." I mall be glad to hear from you, refpec- 
 ting thofe horfes ; and whether I can do any thing farther for your 
 friend Colonel Floyd ; I am no kind of judge of horfes myfelf, nor 
 (hall I fend them till I hear farther from you, and receive the ap, 
 probation of the judges here on this occafion I am convinced that 
 Mr. Small will not with to make any thing by his horfes. 
 
 We have this feafon two confiderable and flouriftiing planta- 
 tions of fugar-cans in Salfette, and we have reafon to believe that 
 the ifland of Jamica is not better fitted for that produce. 
 
 I with to get for Mr. Rivett, Chief of Salfette, fome feeds 
 of the Mauritius Cotton; we have heard that a plantation of 
 it has been lately attempted at Madras, with great appearance 
 of advantage, and we wim to try it here. 
 
 We have lately found on the hills of Salfete plenty of the 
 Nerium, that gives indigo; as a great part of the ifland i* 
 
 moun-
 
 Mountainous and unfit for any other cultivation, we are think, 
 ing of railing that plant en a large fcale ; I am aware that it 
 does not veld the colouring matter like the indigo-fera, by 
 fermentation ; but we have on our hills plenty of firewood for 
 the trouble of collecting it: you would much oblige me by letting 
 me know what fuccefs has attended the attempts to manu- 
 facture it in theCarnatic, whether they have cultivated it, or 
 only collected fuch ?.s is found wild? and laftely on what 
 plan they have conftrudted works for fuch a manufacture, 
 with warm water? 
 
 I am itill obliged to trouble you farther, but I hope the 
 motive will excufe me. you know that Surat is one of the 
 moll populous towns in india, and contains a great number 
 of Par! ess ; thefe people from the border of the Cafpian, ftill 
 retain much of the vigor of a more northern land, they are 
 poor and induftrious, and being free from many of the pre- 
 judices of the GentooSj they toon embrace any employment 
 by which they can improve their condition. 
 
 Mr. Cherry of the Civil Service, now ilationed at Surat, 
 has exprefied to me a wifh of teaching the Par-fees to raife 
 the lilk worm, as you have done in the Carnatic; he has writ- 
 ten to Bengal for the worms, but has never been able to 
 procure any "from thence-, can this be the confequence of a 
 wretched policy, which prefers one fpot of ground and one 
 fet of men, to the general welfare of mankind? 
 
 Mr. Cherry is a man well qualified by his abilities and 
 from his fituation, to make fuch a fcheme fucceed we (hall 
 be greatly obliged to you for your opinion, on this fubjeft; 
 and for the fiik worms, if ycu approve of a trial of them. 
 
 H. SCQTT. 
 
 Bombay 2$th Augtift, 1794, 
 
 I 
 
 To JAMES ANDERSON, ESQUIRE O 
 SHOULD long eie this have acknowledged the receipt of 
 your obliging letter of the i6th qltimo, together with ita 
 valuable enclofures, had not the daily expectation of the eggs 
 you announced, induced me to defer my acknowledgements tUl 
 the period of their arrival. 
 
 My brother has communicated to the minifter your kind offer 
 >f affiftance, to any people he may fend to Madras, for the 
 
 necei&iy
 
 ( 16 ) 
 
 neceflary purpofe of acquiring a competent knowledge of the 
 various branches of the filk bufinefs; and he is accordingly 
 looking out for an intelligent capable perfon, to depute to you, on 
 that errand he has likewife iflued directions for the cultivation 
 of the plant, in various parts of the country. 
 
 The two fkainsof filk fo much admired here, were, as you 
 guefled, fent me by Captain Mackay, from whom we ex. 
 peel: to derive material affiftance, whenever a convenient 
 opportunity may offer for his paying us a vifit; but this, 
 independant of other circumftances, our diftance precludes, at 
 prefent. 
 
 The fruit of all the mulberry trees, I have feen here, 
 is full two inches long, but by no means proporuonably 
 thick pray is this kind of mulberry tree favorable to the 
 filk worm ? The late Doctor Binny, and feveral other gen. 
 tlemen received, I underftand, large fupplies of flips irona 
 Hydftbad. 
 
 JAMES ACHILLES KIRKPATRICK. 
 
 Beder, Auguft l^th, 1794. 
 
 To CAPTAIN JAMES ACHILLES KIRKPATRICK. 
 
 I am favored with your letter of the I7th Ultimo, and 
 confider the fubjeft of too much importance to delay a moment 
 writing in anfwer. 
 
 It will be very fortunate if the minifter takes care to fee 
 his orders for extending the mulberry plantations put in exe- 
 cution; for this once eftablimed all the reft is eafy Wo- 
 men and Children mould be immediately intertained in fuffi- 
 cient nuo.bers, to take care of as many worms, as you may 
 be able to find leaves to feed. 
 
 The filature may afterwards be eftablimed by abundance 
 of hands from hence, as feven able workmen are juft Ian. 
 ded from ben al. 
 
 There are no Experiments necpflary; the bufinefs requires 
 only to be put in execution, and I will fupply yoa with 
 every thing needful, to accomplifh fo great a purpofe, with 
 p'eafure. 
 
 The mulberry, with fruit two inches in length is the 
 great China Paper Mulberry, and moil worthy your atten- 
 tion,
 
 ( '7 ) 
 
 tion, a* they may be reared as ftandarcU, and will yield 
 abundance of luccuient leaves, without farther care, wherea$ 
 the other Mulberry, which you have at Hydrabad, of which 
 Captain Aenftavvay fertt Mr. Binny a great many flips, is 
 very inferior, tue leaves foon getting hard and woody and 
 un.it for tne ufe of the worms ; encourage the Minuter, 
 therefore to diredt his attention to the culture of that heft 
 kind. 
 
 The Bengal workmen, in parting through my garden on 
 their way to Veliout declared with one voice, that my little 
 eftablifnment of fclk was perfecl in all its parts, and during 
 two days that they remained I could only hear of one thing 
 which they objected to : obferving my people gathering th 
 leaves at noon, They very feniibly pointed cut the flaccid 
 (Late of the leaves, after the influence of the fun was pow- 
 erful, on which account I have directed the leaves to be ga- 
 thered at day break. 
 
 JAMES ANDERSON. 
 
 firiSt, George, zd September, 1794. 
 
 To JOHN LAIRD, ESQ. 
 
 PRESIDENT OF THE HOSPITAL BOARD, 
 CUTTA. 
 
 THIS will be delivered you by Mr. Sonnertt, who is about 
 to leave this place for Bengal. 
 
 Mr. Sonncrat is fo well known, in the literary world, by 
 his valuable publications, it will be needlefs for m to fay 
 more, than that he is a perfon for whom I entertain a fincerc 
 regard, and will efteem the obligation of your Ihowing him 
 every countenance and attention in your power, by introdu- 
 cing him to the notice and acquaintance of SIR JOHN SftoRE; 
 or fuch perfons as may be able to promote the favorite pur- 
 fuit of Natural Htftory, and Agriculture, in which he foU 
 lows the fteps of his uncle, the great Pbivre. 
 
 JAS. ANDERSON, 
 Fort St. George, 6tb Stftttttlert 1 794*
 
 ( I* .) 
 
 To JAMES ANDERSON. 
 
 I have the farisfaftion of tranfinitting you a copy of my 
 tranflation of the Sanfcrita Almanac, for the prefent year 
 Aunanda. 
 
 This copy is executed by fome unfkilful writers, yet hav* 
 ing examined and marked the fame, word for word, from the 
 beginning to the end, the readers may read it over without 
 hcfitation, by retaining in memory the marginal notes and the 
 contents of the prefatory letter to my faid tranflation. 
 
 Be it known to your goodnefs, that in the beginning of 
 the Sanfcrita and Zamilion almanacks (written upon palmar 
 leaves) the lord of the year and the pofitional influence of tne 
 planets, and alfo the image of the God of Tekupha, are ftated by 
 way of preambles which I have not yet tranilatcd, for want 
 of leifure, but mall fend to you with an explanation of the 
 technical words occurring in my tranllation of the Sanfcrita 
 Almanac. 
 
 T. MOOTIAH,. 
 
 22d September, 1794. 
 
 To JAMES ANDERSON, Eso. 
 
 I WAS this morning favored with your packet of filk worn*; 
 eggs in perfeft order, and have the fatisfadikm to inform you 
 that fince the commencement of this bufmefs, nothing has given 
 <Be more pleafure than the net you made for feeding the filk worms, 
 from the expence and labour which muft be faved by the ufe 
 of it, which the Bengal people, evidently prepoffeflcd, condemned, 
 J till forced into the acknowledgement of its Utility by my ufeing 
 it in the care of fome worms I took under my own charge/4)ut 
 to do the people juttice, though they found fault with it at firft, 
 they now feem much pleafed with it, and in my opinion it muft 
 leflen the charges attending the care of the filk worms at leail 
 30, if not 50 per cent. 
 
 BOSWALL PARKISON, 
 ty September 2"]t/J, 1794* 
 
 I 
 
 To MR. BOSWALL PARKISON. 
 AM favored with your letter of the 27th, and am not fur. 
 prifcd at the oppoiition of the Bengal workmen to the ufe of
 
 ( 19 )' 
 
 rets for fhlfting the worms from their liuer, as it is probaoie ir\c 
 worms are attended by fo many people in that country, that any- 
 expedient to leflfen the labour has never appeared neceflary, and 
 it muft be allowed that like all the world they are wedded 
 to what they have been accnftomed to, for when I firft erected' 
 the improved reels, my Bengal people infiftedthat ever}' one 
 of them would require two men at the handle to turn them, 
 but when they afterwards faw that a child who could only 
 reach the handle turned the reel, with three times as much 
 velocity as the reels ufed in Bengal could be turned, and 
 that the quality of the filk was capable of bearing the rapid 
 motion, the Bengal workmen feized them, and would nevef 
 afterwards work on any other. 
 
 In Bengal the rearing of the worms is altogether the bu- 
 iinefs of the country people ; the houfcs are fmal], and in 
 clofe moiit weather the air is liable to be tainted, fo as to 
 kill fometimes the worms in a whole diftrict in a fingle night, 
 which they afcribe to the machination of the devil, fo that 
 it is probable they can be of little ufe to you in rearing the 
 worms; but when you get fo far as to wind filk, you will find 
 their expertnefs, arrangement, and method practifed at the fila- 
 tures in Bengal of infinite confequence. 
 
 JAMES ANDERSON, 
 
 Fort St. George, September 30.'^, 1795. 
 
 To DOCTOR ANDERSON, P. G. 
 "VTOU have greatly obliged me by your favor of the igth 
 JL inftant enclofing the copy of a letter from Mr. Scott, at 
 Bombay, which is throughout curious, but contains one para- 
 graph particularly interefting to me, extracted from a letter of 
 Mr. Small, furgeon to the Company's Factory at Graine, on the 
 fubject of Arabian horfes, of which I profefs myfelf a very great 
 admirer. 
 
 With regard to the horfes, this has all the appearance of being 
 the right road, and it is probable Mr, Small has the moft favor, 
 able opportunities of procuring feme of the beft. 
 
 I do not wifh to have a gelding and am defirous ot having 
 one or two horfes old enough for immediate ufe that is not 
 under four years old, nor do I with to have one upwards of eight 
 years old. Tkefe horfes mould be of the greater* itrength that 
 can be found, combined with activity, and as I know the Ara- 
 D 2 biaa
 
 ( 20 ) 
 
 bian horfes are feldom of a large fize, I mould be well fatisfied 
 with horfes of fourteen hands and three inches, or fourteen hands 
 two inches high. 
 
 If a horfe of extraordinary power ftiould be found only four, 
 teen hands one inch high, I fhould itill be fatisfied-, colour 
 immaterial. 
 
 The belt Arabian horfe I ever faw was exaflly fourteen hands 
 two inches, h belonged to Count Alexis Orlow, who received 
 him as a prefent from the famous Ali Bey, Count Orlow re- 
 ceived his Pedegree along with him, he was warranted of the 
 true Cachlani race thus Count Orlow pronounced it when he 
 ipoke of him in Italian; he called him Cochlianer, when he 
 ipoke in German Niebhur, I fee calls the race Cochlani, 
 
 I made an enquiry of your friend Doflor Ruffell, when I had 
 the good fortune to meet him at your houfe fome years ago, as 
 he had refided at Aleppo, concerning this race cf horfr s, and he 
 took the trouble to fearch his notes on the fubjeft; he told me 
 the moft famous race of horfes among the Arabs, was by them 
 called Cocklyon, and I conclude after making allowance for 
 arbitrary orthography, and fomething for difference of pronoun- 
 ciaticn; the Cochla'ni, Kylani, or Cocklyon, to be the fame, 
 or at leaft to mean the fame. 
 
 The Arabians acknowledge one race of their horfes to excel 
 all others Count Orlow communicated to me their hiftory or. 
 fable of this race ; which accoiding to them drew its origin from 
 a horfe of divine beauty that arote from the fea, and covered a. 
 mare of very great fame, I think it was faid this horfe was 
 white. 
 
 The temper of the Arabian horfes is one of their valuable qua- 
 lities, in which they greatly excel, fo that they never bite, kick, 
 ftart, or quarrel, but are the gentleft of animals, pofleffing how- 
 ever the moft fiery fpirit when called upon and urged to exertion, 
 and this fpirit is never known to flag, as happens to other very 
 promifing horfes however the bottom of Arabian horfes in gene- 
 ral is very remarkable, and many of them feern to be alraoft 
 incapable of fatigue. 
 
 I have heard that the Arabsefteema quality in their horfes, very 
 valuable to them, though of no ufe in Europe they fay that their 
 horfes will travel feveraj days without water, and almoft without 
 food. 
 
 It would be highly interefting if Mr. Small would make fome 
 enquiry into the hiftory or even fable of the Arabian horfes, and, 
 tolkft fame of their accounts of the performances of their famous 
 
 korfesj
 
 horfes; their fpeed, fpace gone over, length of time withoni 
 water, or food, their manner of feeding, airing, and exercifing 
 their horfes. 
 
 It would certainly be doing me a very eflentitl fervics, if by 
 your influence and that of Mr. Scott, Mr. Small could be pre- 
 vailed upon to procure me one cr two horfes of this breed, fo 
 jnuch eiteemed by the Arabs, of fuifitL-ct ftrength to carry me and 
 my tackle; I mould pay withpleafure the fum Mr. Small named 
 up to five hundred, or even a thoufand pagodas, for a horfe- 
 thought by the Arabs to be worth it. 
 
 I have no doubt if Mr. Small was inclined to fpeculate, but he 
 would receive very high prices for horfes really good, ient to 
 Madras for fale, he would do a great public fervice if he could 
 find means to procure annuaMy a number of good horfes for tho 
 fe of our cavalry, and I would gladly make known every thing 
 he might be inclined to propofe on this fubjeft, excufe my Dear 
 Sir, the liberty I take in troubling you and your friends, fo much 
 at length, but you fee to what your known kindnefs expofes you 
 my tranfplanted baftard cedars are thriving prodigioufly, youj 
 young Adanfonias ihall have a fpare fpot. 
 
 JOHN FLOYD, 
 
 ', Septembtr 2$t&, 1794. 
 
 To DOCTOR WILSON, 
 
 AT GUN TOOK.' 
 
 SOMETIME ago I received a letter from you, regarding 
 a defire to promote the objeds of improvement which I had 
 recommended, but ncthing worthy your attention prefenting at 
 the time, I have hitherto found it unneceflary to trouble you 
 with an anfwer, believing you would be fatisfied I was not in. 
 fcafible to your obliging communication, 
 
 The court of Hydrabad having however fignified a defire to 
 introduce the filk manufacture into their pofTeffions, induces me 
 to inclofc fome filk worm eggs, feeing you muft be in poffeffion 
 of mulberry leaves fufficienf to rear a breed, and forward the 
 produce of the eggs to Captain J. A. Kirkpatrick at Eeder, neat 
 Hydrabad, which will enlace their getting them in good condi- 
 tion better than I can at this dillance. 
 
 JAMES ANDERSON, 
 
 ftrt St, Gtorgtf Sefttmltr llth, 1734,
 
 ( 22 ) 
 To DOCTOR ANDERSON, P. G. 
 
 Arcot, OSober i/?, 1794, 
 
 T HAVE great fatisfaftion in acquainting you of the very 
 A flourifhing ftate of the baftard cedar in the feveral gardens be- 
 longing to the officers of this cantonment, which thrive in a moft 
 aftonifning manner, and I have not a doubt but in the courfe of 
 a few months they will be yielding feeds for extending the culti. 
 ration of them farther. 
 
 As I dedicate my leifurc hours folely to the rearing of trees 
 and (hmbs, I hope I mail not trefpafs on your goodnefs in the 
 requifition of a plant of the bread fruit tree, or any other exotic, 
 you can conveniently fpare. 
 
 The quantity of rain which has fallen in this part of the country, 
 makes its appearance very beautiful, and mould you be induced 
 to make a trip thus far, 1 mail be very happy, and endeavour ta 
 make your flay as agreeable as poffible, 
 
 WILLIAM YOUNGE, 
 
 To DOCTOR ANDERSON P. G. 
 A CCOMPANYING I have the honor of fending the flrft 
 XJL fi uits of our labours for your infpeftion, the produce of 
 1000 Cacoons, a compliment due to you as patron of the Manu 
 fadlure, and beg leave to return my moft grateful thanks, in be, 
 half of the concern, for the Filature,men you were fo good 
 as to fpare us, or our cacoons muft have been loil; and yen need 
 not be furprized, if I mould fend you a quantity to reel off, as 
 the fire ruins all our brick-work, which is not yet dry. 
 
 A BLACKADDER, 
 Mulberry PlaniafhxS) near Poottamalleg, Oflobcr l$.th, 1794* 
 
 To DOCTOR ANDERSON, P. G. -' 
 
 I HAVE taken the liberty ^o fend you four bafeets of Cacoons, 
 the produce of nrg Bungalow at Voyalore, and beg the favor 
 to place them under your direction, to wind up, and difpofe of 
 as you may thiak moft proper.-"-! have great hopes in a ftiort 
 time, tdbe able to fend fome white filk cacoons for your infpec, 
 
 to*. 
 
 This
 
 This bufmefs has been particularly expensive to me, having 
 Engaged in it for the Public good, and the Honble Company'^ 
 fixture welfare ; I am encouraging others to purfue this laudable 
 undertaking, and have jlo doubt, there are many that would, 
 could the obftacle of rent be removed ; and I artfully perfwadf 
 ed, fhould this be the cafe, that the Honble Company would, 
 in after times, be greatly benefited by it ; as this would be a 
 fure plan to extend the man^faftory upon a large and open fcale; 
 and then considerable proiit muft inevitably fucceed, and would 
 handfomely repay the Honble Company for any encouragement 
 they mav think proper to give. 
 
 VERA PERMALL. 
 Madras, i6lb Oftober, 1794. 
 
 To VERA PERMALL PILLY, 
 
 I AM favoured with your letter, and the cacoous, which ap- 
 pear very good, notwithftariding the prefent wet feafon is 
 unfavorable to the worms. 
 
 As I am fenfible of your laudable intentions of enconrag. 
 ing others, I have ordered the cocoons to be wound off, and 
 now fend you by the return of yoar fervant, the produce, 
 amounting to eighteen fkains, about a pound weight in all, that 
 you may (he'w thofe who are difpofed to the undertaking, 
 the completion of the work, which I hope will likewife en- 
 courage you to eftablim a Filature of your own, as no great 
 addition to the expences you have already incurred. 
 
 You know that after demonitrating the average value of 
 the Company's Lands, cultivate,! and wade, to be no more 
 than one fnilling a cawnie, or eight pence an acre, the Go- 
 vernment were pleafed to adopt the idea of renting the wafte 
 lands at four (hillings an acre, HO doubt becaufd it would 
 multiply the revenue fix fold, and prove a much greater ad- 
 vantage than any manufacture could they fo rent it out ; but 
 unfortunately fmce it appeared that their arrangement was 
 only a monilrous fcheme of encreafmg the rents on paper, no 
 one has come forward to occupy walte Lands. 
 
 As they have, however, made a Plantation at Vellout, at 
 the Honourable Company's expcnce, where they are now 
 winding filk, they will be able more adequately to value the lands, 
 
 JAS. ANDERSON. 
 
 frtSt, Georgf t Oaobtr \Gth, 1794, 
 
 To
 
 TO DOCTOR SCOTT, BOMBAY. 
 
 ASfoon as I was favored with your letter of Auguft 15^, 
 I enclofed a copy to Colonel Floyd, and have now the 
 pleafure to forward you his anfwer which, I have no doubt, 
 you will think of importance enough to tranfmit to Mr. Small. 
 
 Had I known your wifh to communicate with Sir Joftph 
 Banks, I could have faid nothing ir.ire to the purpofe regarding 
 chnnam, excepting that perhaps the various modes of workmen 
 in obtaining the fame end, may be confidcred a difference -as^ 
 in tempering fteel, every workman has his own method, although.^ 
 the tempering cf fteel may depend only on one principle the due 1 * 
 proportion of heat; and the inftantaneous fatuvation of lime, oa 
 the application of fuch fubllnnces as will fpeedily fupply the aeri- 
 al acid, for rendering it mild and fixed. 
 
 I might have told you, for example that Although the laft coat- 
 ing of fine chunam, which is always very thin, arid little more 
 thanafurface expofed to the air, is prepared by mixing it only 
 with pure chryftalline fand, yet that I had feen Come workmen 
 mix * fmall quantity of oil of fefarnum, and even vinegar, in 
 the preparation. 
 
 I mi^ht have ftated, like'wife, that the work applied to citterns 
 and aqueducts, where the foundations are iecurcly laid, is 
 as capable of containing water, as Marble is-, and after the 
 work is confolidated, our Puiidings of Brick, being ftruck with 
 violence fuch as th ', blow of a Hedge hammer, will not break in 
 the direction of the cement, but only in the direction of theforcei 
 
 I have been thus minute,, in hopes that the learned Prefident, 
 who has devoted an ample fortune, and the vigor of life, to the 
 moft commendable ufes of public oeconomy may influence all 
 Europe to conftruft buildings of duration, and enhance the value 
 of our Weft -Indian lilands, by the cdnfurriptidn of fugar, for the 
 faturation of vrhich, there is great probability the Romans ufed 
 honey, oil, blood, eggs, milk and mucilages, in the conitruction 
 of their works* 
 
 The Nerium Tin'ftoriam likewife grows in great abundance, 
 on all the hills in this Country; and 1 underiland, that the Cali, 
 co Painters, both here, and in the Eailern Peninfula, ufe it in 
 their procefles. 
 
 Doctor Roxburgh told me, that fome colour which he prepar- 
 ed from it, was valued in Bengal, at {even {hillings and fix pence 
 the pound. Mr* Roebuck found, that the colour of it was ob- 
 tained better by the cold than the hot infufion, but I do not hear, 
 that any considerable plantations of this tree, have ever been 
 
 made
 
 mac!?, the litter grnt'ernan having favored me with a drawing 
 sad defcription of his Indigo Works, in this neighbourhood, I 
 have the plea Pure toenclofe them, for your fatisfaftion, and think 
 that the Indi^a-fera, being mere eafily collected, aud yielding 
 the mofi brilliant colour, is the only thing of the kisd, that will 
 defray the charge of expenfive works. 
 
 Both the Roebucks are able Chymifls, and expert Artifts; 
 they have creeled a ftcam Engine, that afts with a force of two 
 tons and a half, for pumping water, and driving the beaters ; 
 they have Hke\vife laid cylinders, pierced with holes, in th 
 bottom of the vats,for the tranfmiflion of a blaft of air ; which ren- 
 ders the former pradice of beating lefs neceffary, as by expofing 
 innumerable furfaces of the liquor to the air bubbles, a fpeedier, 
 and more copious depofuion of Indigo, than by the beating 
 procefs, is obtained. 
 
 Although I was at the Capture of Surat Caftle, in the year 
 1 7^9, yet having had no opportunity of landing, I know but lit- 
 tle of the place ; but from what I faw at Bombay, have no 
 doubt that the Parfces compofe a confiderable part of the popula- 
 tion : The lower clalfesofthe Hindoos, have no repugnance 
 however, to working in iilk, and the culture of the Mulbeny it 
 exactly the fame as the culture of the Suger-cane : cuttings of 
 the fame length may be placed mod advantageoufly, at the fame 
 diftances ; and in ground that is fit to raife a crop of fugar-cane, 
 the Mulberry will arrive at the greateft perfection, for feeding the 
 Silk-worm. 
 
 Having had fome overtures from Hydrabad, for (applying 
 them with Eggs of this infecl, it will be eafy, in cafe this takes 
 place, to tranfport a breed, by the way of Arungabad and Pob- 
 nah, to your friends at Surat; and recommend you to requeft 
 the Refident at Poonah, to plant a few Mulberries in his Garden; 
 for the reception of the monthly Worm ; the annual Breed, I 
 Ihall not fail to fend Mr. Cherry, by fea. 
 
 JAMES ANDERSON 
 
 To DOCTOR ANDERSON, P. G. 
 
 ISHALL beexttemely obliged, if you will be fo good to 
 fend me the original defcription of the (ilk manufaclure,which 
 J am told, is printed in Engliih and Malabarsj and pub- 
 Ufticd by you lome time ago.
 
 ( 26 ) 
 
 - It is the latter only, that I want, for a friend of mine in 
 the country, who wifhes to eilablilh a mulberry plantation ; 
 and hope you will excufc the trouble I am always giving 
 you. 
 
 VERA PERMALL. 
 Madras, November ^d ) 1794. 
 
 To VEA PERMALL PILLY. 
 
 THE Letters I publi(hed, for the culture of filk, were tranf- 
 lated into Malabars,by Mootiah, for whom I have much re. 
 gard; but as by want of Types, I have not been able to get them 
 printed, the Bearer will deliver you the original Manufcript, for the 
 ufe of your friend in the country; or in anyway your better 
 judgement may devife to render them of more extenfive ufe. 
 
 JAS. ANDERSON. 
 November zd t 
 
 To DOCTOR JAMES ANDERSON, 
 
 REVENUE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 SIR, 
 
 I AM directed, for your information, to tranfmit to you the 
 enclofed Extract of a Letter from the Konble. Court of Di. 
 reftors, dated zift May laft. 
 
 J. WEBBE, DEPUTY SECRETARY. 
 Fart St. George, $d January^ 1 794. 
 
 Extratt of a General Letter from England^ 
 
 dated lift May> 1794. 
 
 Par. 53. THE directions contained in the 4th paragraph of oujr 
 Revenue difpatch,of the 3d July lait.fufficientiy evince our earn. 
 eft defire to aiford every reasonable degree of encouragement to 
 Doftor Anderfon's endeavours, for eitablifhing the manufacture 
 of filk, on the Coaft of Coromanclel and we {hall chearfully 
 pcnfcnt to your rendering fuch pecuniary affiftance to the 
 
 undertaking,
 
 undertaking, as foall give it a fair chance of fuccefs. With rdV 
 prct to what is dated in the th and 6th paragraphs of your Let- 
 ter, in the Public Department, of t'ie 28th February, 1793, 
 concerning the charges already incurred by Doctor Anderfon, 
 in his laudable endeavours for furthering an objeft of fo much uti. 
 lity, we can only fay, that we are not only willing to difcharge 
 the amount thereof, but (hall have great fatistadiion in giving 
 Doctor Anierfon a more Aibft.mtial proof oi the fenfe we enter- 
 tain, of his zeal and ability. 
 
 54. Of the famples of filk received by the Contractor, the 
 following report has been made to us, that it is of good qua- 
 lity, was admirably well wound, and if it is procurable at a rate of 
 coll equal to what the article is afforded for at Bengal, it would 
 anfwer for falc, in this Country. 
 
 A true Extraa ', (JtgHedJ J. WEBBE, DBF. SEC. 
 Compared, A. FALCON AR. 
 
 To DOCTOR JAMES ANDERSON. 
 
 PUBLIC DEPARTMENT. 
 SIR, 
 
 I AM direfted, for your information, to tranfmit to you the 
 enclofed extract of a Letter from the Honorable the Court 
 of Directors, dated 2 8th May laft. 
 
 (fzgned) }. WEBBE, D2P. SlC. 
 Examined, A. FALCONAR. 
 
 Fort St. George, *$d January, 1 795. 
 
 Extraff of a Genera] Letter from England, 
 
 dated i%th May, 1794. 
 
 Paragraph 6th Having been given to underfland, that Doc- 
 tor Anderion hud a with of being fupplied with a iilk Reel, upon 
 the moll approved conftruftion, and being deiirous of giving that 
 gentiernan a proof of the fenfe we entertain, of his unwearied at- 
 tention to the important object of introducing the culture and 
 manufacture of this article on the Coait, we have procured from an 
 artift of thin country, one of a more perfect kind than has hither- 
 to been invented ; in which, all tht defefts hitherto complained 
 K z of
 
 df arc fuppo'ed to be effeftually guarded againfh Tt is laden on 
 the mip Rofe, and on its arrival, we dcfiiv that ll.is may be rre- 
 fented to the Doctor, in our names, with a requeft, that at'icr mak- 
 ing a trial of its powers and cfFe<fts, he will report to us, in what 
 degiee it is preferable to thofe at prefent in ufe; or whether any 
 further improvement can be fug gelled, for rendering it more ufe- 
 ful than in its prefent ftate: we apprehend, mould this, be found' 
 to pofTefs any fuperior qualities, you may be able to caufe 
 a fufficient number to be made, after this model; or it 
 you conceive any part of the mechanifm to exceed the abil?- 
 ties of the native workmen to perform, 'j..pon indenting for fuch 
 parts from hence, we ihall take care you are regularly fupplied" 
 therewith. 
 
 A true Extra^, (fegned) J. WEBBE, DEF. SEC. 
 Compared, A. FALCCNAlC 
 
 To THE RIGHT HONORABLE LORD HOBART, 
 
 GOVERNOR IN COUNCIL. 
 
 MY LORD, 
 
 I AM favored with two paragraphs of the general Letters from 
 England, dated May zift and zSth, hit year; the fi.nl ap- 
 proving of the filk manufacture here, and the latter announcing 
 a Reel, which, at the inttance of my friend, Mr. Molefworth, 
 the Court of Directors have done me the honor to fend from Lon- 
 don. 
 
 I am very fenfibk of the attention of government, in forward- 
 ing thefe Papers, as an acquaintance gfthe approval of what I 
 have had fo much at heart, is very pleafmg to me. 
 
 I have not been honored with any communication, of the fub. 
 jedt of the 5th and 6th paragraphs of the Government Letter, 
 in the Public Department, under date the 28th February, 1793, 
 to which the Konble. Court have reference, in the 53^ para- 
 graph of their general Letter of the zift May laft: I am, how- 
 ever, led to btiieve, that a flattering reprefentation was therein 
 made, of my endeavours to promote an objeft of fuch public 
 utility as the eflabiifhment of the cultivation of Silk on this 
 Coait; and from the orders therein given to Government, to 
 defray the charges incurred by me, in this undertaking, imagine 
 you will not heiitate to carry them into effeft j i which cai 
 1 fliaii make known to you the amount, 
 
 In
 
 In anfvwto the j4.th paragraph of chr general Letter, of May 
 lift, the Honble. Court muit be fenfible, that in the prefent 
 Itage of the bufinefs, a;:d until the rnanafafture is in the hands of 
 the natives at large, it would be premnture and impracticable, 
 to make any ellirnate of the coft at which the ardcie may be 
 brought to rrnrlrcr. 
 
 T! e only points requifite to be afcertained <viz. the rapid 
 growth of the Mulberry, and the goodnefs of the Silk, I have 
 already demor.ftrated ; and when the number of women and chiL 
 dren, ncnv idle fur the moS part of the year, are considered, 
 and that the expence of their labour will be but little, in compa- 
 rifon with the c'.iaruity of cacoons which they may rear, when 
 the Mulberry, as in Bengal, is cultivated by one fet of ryots, 
 and the fiik wound off by another, or at the Company's Filatures, 
 it is impoflible to fav how cheaply fiik may be manufactured, 
 when the fame, or fomething firniiiar, is effefted. 
 
 The attention of the Honble. Court, in fending me a Reel, 
 is very gratifying - } whenever it is forwarded tx> me, I (hall not 
 fail to itate my opinion of it ; bat my Reels, as now improved 
 by a treble velocity, have been found to anfwer every purpofe ; 
 and the fimplicity of the double crofling machines, defr,ribed ir$ 
 my letter to Government, January 21 ft, i" ; 93j renders them 
 Superior to any thing of the kind hitherto in ufe. 
 
 lam, MY LORD, &c. 
 
 JAMES ANDERSON. 
 Fort St, George, 26:% January, 1795. 
 
 To DOCTOR ANDERSON, 
 PHYSICIAN GENERAL. 
 
 I HAVE to acknowledge the receipt of two letters from youj 
 one dated from Vanimbady, the other from Madras, eaciof- 
 ing an Arzee, from Behader Mag, to Azeem ui Crnrai; ; 
 v/ho will, I apprehend, very readily defray any encreafe of ex.. 
 pence, yj a may judge neceliary, to the fuccefs of the under- 
 iaking, he ha\ ing already applied to my brother, to furnifh him 
 with a credit at Madras, ior that purpofe. FehaHt-r Sing;, it 
 feems, recommends to the Mir.ilter, a ci/^fldtrabie txteulion 
 of the culture of the Mulberry Plant, as indeipenlibiy requifite 
 to the ultimate fuccefs of fo extenfive a plan ashib. C^tain 
 A'lacKay writes me, that he met, while at Rungpore, with aa
 
 f 30 ) 
 
 ancommon fpecies of the Muibr rry, which he has very con. 
 derably transplanted to Hydrabad. He defcribes it as a hardy. 
 
 plant, quick of growth, and pcflcffing great luxuria. ;e cf foil. 
 age ; properties that inuit render it very valuable, in the rear- 
 ing of iilk- worms. 
 
 The continued marching- we have had, almoft ever fince His 
 Highnefs moved, with his army, from the vicinity of Beder, 
 has prevented my anfwering your Letters fo punctually as I 
 fiiould otherwile have dene. 
 
 The numerous forces particularly of Korfe, compofing the 
 army I am with, have followed, hitherto, the windings of the 
 Kiver Maunjrah ; for the convenience of water and forage ; 
 which its fertile banks fuppty in the greateft abundance and per- 
 fedion. 
 
 The climate here, is nearly? I think, the fame as that of My. 
 fore; the nights and mornings, perhaps, rather keener; but the 
 cultivation exceeds any thing 1 ever faw, in India, or indeed any 
 where: believe me, I do not exaggerate, when I allure you, 
 that the whole face of the country from hence to Beder, a fpace 
 of at lead one hundred mi.es, by the route we marched, is nearly 
 one uninterrupted fneet of wheat, barley, Jowarree, and other dry 
 grains; nor is this charming fcene conn;d merely to the neigh. 
 bouring plains, as the eye is regaled with the fame unbounded 
 profpect of the happy fruits of induftry, from the fummits of the 
 few hills fcattered along our routes; which, while it unquettior.a,- 
 bly befpeaks an adequate popuhaion, ?.nd a fertile foil, naturally 
 leads one to entertain mere favorable fentirnents of the humanity 
 and policy of the lords of it, than they have hitherto bad credit 
 for amongft us ; or at lealt, may induce us to fufpeft, that they 
 are nut fuch iriconfiderate rapacious tyrants, as we have generally 
 been taught to confider them, 
 
 I have forwarded fome papers of filk-worm-eggs, hatched at 
 Beder, to Mr. UthofF; at Voonah, with a view to tranfporting 
 the breed gradually to '-'urat : but as Sir Charles Mallet has remov. 
 ed from Poonah, with the Peifmva's Army, I am afraid your 
 fcheme mi>fl be poftponed to a more propitious feafon ; mould we 
 canton at Arungabad ; this year, it will be a favorable opportuni- 
 ty to refume the attempt. 
 
 JAMES ACHILLES KIRPATRICK. 
 Camp at Hffiunpsor } on the lanki of tbt Maunjrah t ^d Feb. 95. 
 
 TO
 
 To THE RIGHT HONBLE. LORD HOBART, 
 
 GOVERNOR IN COUNCIL. 
 
 MY LORD, 
 
 A CCOMPANYING this, I Tend the particular account 
 JTJL your Lordfhip Teemed to wifli ; and leave it to your plea- 
 Cure to fettle as you may think proper, 
 
 I have the honor to be, My LORD, &c. 
 
 JAMES ANDERSON. 
 Fort Si. George, February iztb, 1795. 
 
 To DOCTOR JAMES ANDERSON, 
 
 I AM dire&ed by the Right honoraMe the Prefident in Coun. 
 cil, to acknowledge the receipt of your Letter of the th 
 inftant, and to inform you, that the amount of your difburfe- 
 rnents, being Thirteen Thoufand three Hund.d and Ninety- 
 feven Pagodas, feventeen Fanatns and twenty Cain, ( 1 3,307 1 7 20) 
 on account of the introduction of the Cochineal and S'iik-wonn, 
 upon the Coaft, will be difcharged upon application at the 
 Treafury. 
 
 (Signed J J. WEBBE, DBF. SEC. 
 R. SHERSON, Ex. 
 
 Fort St. Gorgty I 4/ February t 
 
 To THE RIGHT HONBLE. LORD HOBART, 
 
 PRESIDENT AND GOVERNOR, IN COUNCIL. 
 
 MY LORD, 
 
 THE patronage of the HonbK Court of Direftors, for a 
 Silk Manufactory, bein^ decided by the refolntion of your 
 Board, on the i^th Inftant, I have the honor to acquaint you, 
 that in confequeace, I have drawn fom the Treafury, for the 
 whole of my expe.nces, on that and other accounts, of improves 
 ment, the fum of 15,397 17 20. 
 
 As the expenditure of this money, is of little avail, unlc fs the light 
 which has been thrown upon the fuHjeft is applied to ufe, your 
 Lordfiiip will be pleafed to acquaint the Directors, by your firft 
 defpatch, that hearing of noextention of the maia r ac\ure within 
 their poffeffions, fmcethe 2zd February, la;l yar, I ha/e been in- 
 duced to favor the idea of its introducltion to the notice of every 
 
 government
 
 governme nt in the Peninfula, of which, the Honbls. Coort, will 
 not hefitate to approve, feeing the export mult neceiTarily fail 
 into our hands. 
 
 I have the honor to be, MY LORD, &c. 
 
 JAMES ANDERSON. 
 Fort St, George, February iyJs y 1795. 
 
 TO THE RIGHT HONORABLE LORD HOBART. 
 
 MY LORD, 
 
 HAVING reqaefted Captain Moonay, to fend on fhore 
 forae Shawl Goats, I am forry to find that the two which 
 
 recommending that the goats on board the Goddard and Afia, 
 be landed immediately, to recruit ; and not forwarded to Eu. 
 rope, till the next fleet, which I underftand, will fail in Ap- 
 ril. 
 
 Captain Mooney fays, that the goats have fallen off aflonifh. 
 ingly, fince they ca-me here, and is fofry they had not been 
 landed on their firft arrival. 
 
 I am, MY LOID, &c. 
 
 JAMES ANDERSON. 
 Gardens y March ^J, 179$. 
 
 To DOCTOR ANDERSON, 
 
 PHYSICIAN GENERAL. 
 
 I SEND you fix Shawl Goats, by order of the RIGHT Ho. 
 NORABLE THE PRESIDENT IN COUNCIL, landed froia 
 on board the ftiip General Goddard. 
 
 J. GREENHILL. 
 Friday Marning. 
 
 To DOCTOR ANDERSON, MADRAS, 
 
 BOTH your obliging letter, and the celebrated ram gog, reach- 
 ed me in fafety; I return you and your refpeftable Armenian 
 friend ray belt acknowledgements, for fo uncommon a fpecimen 
 
 of
 
 ( 33 ) 
 
 of that ufeful animal. I expeft the other with great impatience; 
 ail i rive time enough to propa b ate the real ante, 
 dcluviaa race in England, even this year. 
 
 A very cur 'as fact has occurred, in conference of your fending 
 me this (heep; I had one irc.n the i.iand of Gothland, in the oai- 
 tic, w:ir? ih:re o a very pure race; to my uiter altoniihment, 
 up '.i co.nparing the two fheep together, they wer- exactly the fa -,ie 
 ip point oi rize ihape, wool, Sec. only the ^wedifhhad but four 
 horns, and not fix li.-ce t'te ra.u irom mount Ararat ; this circum- 
 ftance tends to connroi the idea that the Goths ca.nefrom Afia, 
 as ibme hiitorians have aflerted; they would naiuraiiy bring their 
 flocks -.vith tae:n; fo tuac the fame race might be found in the 
 nei,jiib >urhood of Mount Ararat, and in the diltant lilazid o 
 Godhaad. 
 
 You will hear with pleafure, that the Eritifh Wool-fociety i 
 going en fuccefsfully ; you will find in this packet, fome fpe- 
 ciaiens of our manufactories, and two waiftcoat pieces, one for 
 yourfelf, and the other for your Armenian friend, of which, I 
 bope he will have the goodnefs to accept. 
 
 We are at prefent deeply engaged in an agricultural furvey of 
 the whole Illand of Great Britain, he nature of which will 
 be fufficiently evident, from the papers herewith fent : the whole 
 will be compleated in about three months, and in nine months 
 from its commencement. 
 
 I hope "that your fpirited exertions, for the advantage of the 
 valuable rx>fiefiions of Great Britaim in the Eaft, are fuccecding 
 to your wifh. 
 
 JOHN SINCLAIR. 
 Whitehall, \1tlj April, 1794. 
 
 To SHAMIER SULTAUN, ESQUIRE, 
 
 I HAVE the pleafure to enclofe for your mfpefti<--n, a Lertet 
 from Sir John Sinclair, with mutters of fluff for WaJftcoats, 
 and accounts of the fafe arrival of the Ram-gog in England. 
 
 I beg the favour of you to let me know your choice in the, 
 pattern. 
 
 JAMES ANDERSON. 
 CarJins t March 6tb t J7or. 
 
 F Mr,
 
 C 34 ) 
 
 To JAMES ANDERSON, ESQ. 
 
 Mr. Shamier prefents his beft refpefts to Doftor Anderfon, 
 with a great many thanks, for his and Sir John Sinclair's very 
 jxjlite attention, and returns herewith the letter and famples, 
 which laft he efteems all of them promifcoufly very good, and 
 fuitable to his tafte, therefore begs leave to refer to the Doftor, 
 that he will be pleafed to take firit his choice. 
 
 It is a moft fatisfaftory circumftance, indeed, to fee fuch 
 good produce from the induftry of liberal minds, which always 
 caufes a great deal of benefit to the public, and fiourifhing of 
 the v/orld. 
 
 Mr. Shamier takes the liberty to requeft of the Doftor, to be 
 fo obliging, as to aflure Sir John Sinclair of his above acknow- 
 ledgements, and would have fooner returned an anfwer, had not 
 the beauty of the fpecimens, made him keep them till he could 
 ftiow them to fome friends who admired them much. 
 
 March %th, 1795. 
 
 TO THE RIGHT HONORABLE LORD HOBART, 
 
 GOVERNOR, IN COUNCIL. 
 
 MY LORD, 
 
 THAT the benefit of landing the Shawl Goats, from the 
 General Goddard, may not be loft ; I have the honor to 
 acquaint your Lordfhip, that at an average of two Madras mea- 
 fures daily, which is what we have found by experience, they 
 will eat, I have provided a ftock of the Bengal gram, carilley, 
 and hay, to laft them for fix months. 
 
 That an animal of fuch diverfity of appetite, may be gra- 
 tified with variety, as a means of preferving them in health, I 
 have likewife cured a quantity of leaves, of three different kinds 
 of trees, of which they are fond; the Rhamnus Jujuba, Mi- 
 mofa Nilotica, and Theobroma Gazuma, fome of which may 
 eccafionally be mixed with the hay. 
 
 As the eftablimment of this breed, muft prove of much con. 
 fequence to the manufactures of Great Britain ; your Lordfhip 
 will readily fee the propriety of fending them to "England, or 
 one of the fhips now under difpatch, to avoid any rifque of the 
 enfuing hot feafon, 
 
 I am, MY LORD, &c. 
 
 JAMES ANDERSON, 
 
 pert St. George, April ith, 1795.
 
 ( 35 ) 
 
 To THE EDITOR OF THE MADRAS GAZETTE, 1 
 
 AS it appears, that from the raw cold feafon which we have 
 lately experienced, without Sufficient flicker from the 
 N. E. monfoon, the breed of filk-worms in this neighbour- 
 hood has been nearly deftroyed, you will do me the favour to ac- 
 quaint your correfpondents that all thofe perfons who are de- 
 firous of continuing to exert themfelves in this way, may be fup- 
 plied with eggs of both the yellow and white China monthly 
 worm, by application to me, before the firft of naxt month. 
 
 JAMES ANDERSON. 
 
 Fort St. George, April l^th, 1795. 
 
 TO THE RIGHT HONORABLE LORD HOBART. 
 GOVERNOR, IN COUNCIL. 
 
 MY LORD, 
 
 IT is with great pleafure, I have a fecond opportunity of 
 evincing Abdul Wahub Cawn's zeal for promoting the lilk ma- 
 nufacture, in delivering a fpecimen at his Excellency's requeft, 
 of beautiful filk, lately made at Chittore, for the infpeftion of 
 the Honorable the Court of Directors, not only on account of 
 the late failure of the worms on this part of the coaft, but alfo that 
 a fmail fpecimen which it contains; is elegantly wound by a 
 native of that place. 
 
 My garden having been lately fupplied from this plantation, ib 
 as to enable me again to ftock Vellout, Poonamallee, &c. with a 
 fufficiency of eggs, will demonftrate the propriety of my having 
 introduced the manufacture into different parts of the country, as 
 accidents which happen to this infect in a. fimilar manner every 
 where from bleak winds, may be remedied without lofs of time. 
 I have the honor to be, &c. 
 
 JAMES ANDERSON. 
 Fort St. George, April i^th, ng$. 
 
 J 
 
 To DOCTOR JAMES ANDERSON, P. G. 
 
 THE Right Honorable the Prefident in Council, who is 
 fenfible of your attention to the Honorable Company's 
 Shawl Goats, direils me to acknowledge the receipt ofyour Let- 
 F 2 ter,
 
 Her, dated the 7th inftant, and to inform you that Carttain Craig, 
 of the Qneen, has btenrrdrred to receive them en '- -ard of his 
 (hip. and to be miniful of fuch i. i r!t r .rV i "is as voi 'nay judge 
 necciTary to fend, for the care and pre" j r a.' ^n of them. 
 
 J. WEBBE, SC;KITAKY. 
 
 /V/ .'. Getrge, 1 1 / ;//>//, 1 795. 
 
 Ex. R. SHERSON. 
 
 To CAPTAIN MILLIKEM C^AIO, OF THE 
 
 SHIP QUEEN. 
 
 I AM dir;fled h-y the Right HonoraHe the Pirfident in Coan- 
 cil, tode r ir? that you will receive from the Phyfician Cri-r. 
 jal, Doctor James Anderfon, fi< Shawl Goats, which 'Upon the 
 arrival of your fhip in England, you will difpofe of according 
 to the orders which you may receive for that purpofe, from the 
 honorable the Court of Directors. 
 
 Doftor Anderfon has provided a fufficient flock of provifioa 
 for them during the paffage, and has been authorized to furnifli 
 you with fuch inftrudlions as he may judge necrflary, for the 
 care and prefervation of them, which you are hereby required to 
 obferve and obey. 
 
 J. WEBBE, SECRITART. 
 Fort St. George, -nth April, 1795. 
 
 Ex. R. SHERSON. 
 
 To SIR JOHN SINCLAIR, BART. 
 
 I WAS favored with your letters of April and July, with 
 the reports which you fent by Mr. Cleghorn, who on 
 this and every other account, will always merit my beft 
 regards to his welfare. 
 
 The Edinburgh Manufacture has been admired, as you will 
 fee by Mr. -^hamier's note on the fpecimens of intended waift- 
 coats, which I inclofe, and thr attention of my Armenian friend, 
 will farther appear by a be'ja iful ram, from the province of Fe* 
 rivan with wool entirely white, which Captain Craig of the 
 Queen, has taken charge offer you, 
 
 The
 
 ( 37 ) 
 
 Ths attention of the Court ,of Directors, in ordering Shawl 
 Coats from Tibet, as it may greatly tend to introduce manufac. 
 turesof this delicate fubftancc into our Illand, will not efcape 
 your notice ; fome that were fickly in the late Ships having been 
 committed to my care, are now (hipped by government on board 
 the Queen, India nen, in good health, and I have the pleafurc to 
 inciofe you my correfpondence regarding them. 
 
 At firl fight they appear like Welfh goats, both body and 
 limbs being covered with long ihag^y coarfe hair; but befides the 
 6nedo.vn ormatter of which Shawls are made; whatdiftinguilhei 
 them from other goats, is the divided ftate of the Scrotum, mak- 
 ing the TeAicies Separate and diftinft appendages. 
 
 The Shawl is a very delicate and thin matting of down, on 
 the farface of the fkln, amongsl the roots ofthe hair, and I have 
 only been able to find it on the younger, or half grown goats, 
 not only in the natural ftate which I have mentioned, but likewife 
 falling off in fmall flocks, and entangled a nongil the hair, which 
 jna/ DC owing to their long ftay at Calcutta. 
 
 I have read fome of the reports made to the Society in which 
 youfo co.nmsndably prelide, with great attention, and am fatis- 
 fied, that from the public injury which appears by land lying 
 nearly waite in commonage, it muft be the wifti of every well 
 difpofed perfon that they were appropriated and inclofed, after 
 juft compenfation to thofe who have hitherto enjoyed the paftu. 
 rage and ufe of fuch lands. 
 
 Here a much greater proportion of land, comes under this dif. 
 cription than in England, and if ever a reafonable mode of appro, 
 priating them is adopted, the improvements, I have hinted at, 
 may be fpread over the country with much public and private ad- 
 vantage. 
 
 JAMES ANDERSON. 
 
 Fart St. George, April 2$j, 1795:. 
 
 To JAMES ANDERSON, ESQ. 
 
 I AM favored with your letter of the i ah inftant, accompa. 
 nying the eggs of the white and yellow fi!k-worm, they came 
 perfectly fafe, and will I hope put foon another face on the bufi, 
 nrfs here, and an end to my uneafinefs at feeing fuch fine foliage 
 as there is at prefent on the Plantation remaining ufelefs, 
 The flannel and wax- cloth the bearer takes with him. 
 
 BOSWALL PARKINSON. 
 April i6th, 1795. 
 
 To 
 
 5-58 1
 
 C 38 ) 
 
 To JAMES ANDERSON, ESQ. P. G. 
 
 I AM honored with your favor, accompanied with a rhoft fea. 
 fonable fupply of filk-worm eggs, yellow and white, for which 
 pleafe accept my moft grateful thanks, thofe I have are dwindling 
 to nothing, and from the little experience I have, a breed fro:a 
 uahealty parents will never fuccee'd; notwithftanding all the nur. 
 fing and attention I have given them, there is a dayly mortality 
 prevails, and I fear our breed here would be extinft foon was it 
 not for your friendly affiftance. 
 
 By the bearer I return the cloth and flannel, and have the plea, 
 fure to be, &c. 
 
 A. BLACKADDER. 
 Poonama!ee y April i6th } 1795. 
 
 To RICHARD MOLESWORTH, ESQ. LONDON. 
 
 HAVING lad year tranfmitted you an almanac of this coun- 
 try, compiled by Mootiah, the tranflator of my publication* 
 into Malabars. I now inclofe fome remarks thereon, which have 
 been made by Mr. Goldingham of the obfervatory here, that ap- 
 pear very ingenious 
 
 Dodlor Berry defires me to tell you that fometime ago he fent 
 you fome unknown feeds, which he now finds are of the Cameriira 
 Cordefolium. The Eoa Creof Marfden. 
 
 JAS. ANDERSON. 
 
 Fort St. George ) l^d jflpril y 1795. 
 
 SOME REMARKS ON THE HINDOO ALMANACK, 
 FOR THE i7i6th YEAR OF THE Safoahana EPOCH A. 
 
 The places of the Planets in this Almanack, at the commence- 
 ment of the year, correfpond with the joth of April, 1794, A. D. 
 
 The firft column of each page contains Dena, or the uay of 
 the months, the fecond Vara, or the day of the week ; the third 
 Tedhf, or the moon's phafe 1 5 in number; the fourth column, 
 Natchatra, or the conltellation in which the Moon is found, 27 
 in number, a name to each ; the fixth Carana, or half-phafe of 
 the moon, of which there are 1 1, each deftinguifhed by a name; 
 the feventh column contains Ttyajyam, or unfortunate hours ; and 
 the eighth Ahea t or the length of the day. 
 
 Theft
 
 ( 39 ) 
 
 Thefe are the principal columns ; the remainder of each pag 
 
 many par- 
 ticulars relative to the incarnations, and transformations of thcii 
 deities, &c. 
 
 The Bramins I underftand, compute the agronomical part of 
 their Calendars, to as great nicety, as their rules and tables will 
 admit rhis being the cafe, either one or the other it would feem, 
 is defective ; as on a comparifon of the Phafes of the Moon, by 
 their computation with ours, great differences, and irregularities, 
 are generally obferved the time of their Phafe, fometimes prece- 
 ding, fometimes following that of ours, and fometimes, (tho* 
 rarely) the difference is very fmall ; thefe variations are by no 
 means reducible to rule, which might lead us to fuppofe errors in 
 the calculations, did we not know the abilities of the Hindoos in 
 difficulties of this nature. 
 
 The following table will {hew the irregularities here fpoken of, 
 the Hindoo Time, I have converted into Solar or Apparent 
 Time, according to our method of reckoning. 
 
 A. D. 1794. Saliv. D. 1716. 
 
 TIME OF PHASE. 
 Phafe of Bramins. Europeans. Difference. 
 
 
 
 
 
 ([ 
 
 H. 
 
 M. 
 
 
 H. 
 
 M. 
 
 H, 
 
 . M, 
 
 April 
 
 1 5, 
 
 or Ckitrft 
 
 6, 
 
 full 
 
 2 
 
 21 
 
 
 3 
 
 2 7 
 
 I 
 
 6 
 
 
 29, 
 
 
 20, 
 
 new 
 
 9 
 
 4 
 
 
 9 
 
 20,4 
 
 O 
 
 1 6,4 
 
 May 
 
 
 or Vifakha 
 
 4> 
 
 full 
 
 '7 
 
 29 
 
 ,8 
 
 18 
 
 2,4 
 
 
 
 32,6 
 
 
 8, 
 
 
 J3, 
 
 new 
 
 15 ?o,q 17 
 
 S7>4 
 
 2 
 
 
 June 
 
 '3, 
 
 or Jfya/la 
 
 3> 
 
 full 
 
 5 
 
 43 
 
 ,i 
 
 5 
 
 59>4 
 
 
 
 1^3 
 
 
 2 7> 
 
 
 17, 
 
 new 
 
 3 
 
 20 
 
 ,5 
 
 3 
 
 37,4 
 
 O 
 
 17,0 
 
 July 
 
 12, 
 
 
 3 2 > 
 
 full 
 
 16 
 
 Q 
 
 ,2 
 
 15 
 
 56*4 
 
 
 
 12,8 
 
 
 26, 
 
 or Ajbadka. 
 
 H; 
 
 new 
 
 14 42,9 
 
 15 
 
 24,4 
 
 
 
 
 Aug. 
 
 1 1, 
 
 
 3> 
 
 full 
 
 
 
 47 
 
 
 
 
 45>4 
 
 
 
 4 !;I 
 
 
 2 ?j 
 
 or Sravana 
 
 12, 
 
 new 
 
 4 
 
 J 9 
 
 ,2 
 
 5 
 
 44>4 
 
 I 
 
 25,2 
 
 Sept. 
 
 9, 
 
 or Sravnna 
 
 2 7> 
 
 full 
 
 9 
 
 
 ,2 
 
 9 
 
 12,4 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 3 
 
 or Budrapeda. 
 
 II, 
 
 new 
 
 8 
 
 24 
 
 ,5 
 
 10 
 
 
 I 
 
 5'9 
 
 Oft. 
 
 8, 
 
 
 2 5 
 
 full 
 
 !5 
 
 4 1 
 
 >9 
 
 l l 
 
 5>4 
 
 2 
 
 8>S 
 
 
 
 or Afvtj% 
 
 10, 
 
 new 
 
 H 
 
 
 
 
 59'5 
 
 I 
 
 32 
 
 NOT. 
 
 7> 
 
 
 2 5; 
 
 full 
 
 3 
 
 12 
 
 ,1 
 
 3 
 
 1 6,4 
 
 
 
 37 
 
 
 22, 
 
 or CartTt$ 
 
 10, 
 
 new 
 
 8 
 
 49 
 
 ,1 
 
 9 
 
 40,4 
 
 
 
 5>7 
 
 Dec. 
 
 6, 
 
 
 24-, 
 
 full 
 
 14 4i2 
 
 
 5>4 
 
 
 
 1,2 
 
 
 32, 
 
 or Margaftra I 1, pew 
 
 I 
 
 5 
 
 jl 
 
 2 
 
 25,4 
 
 
 
 20,J 
 
 A. D.
 
 40 ) 
 
 Jam ,, 
 
 20, 
 
 Feb. 3, 
 
 795 Saliv. P. 1716". 
 
 TIME OF PHA<. 
 
 Phafe of I 
 
 tf 
 
 Jramins. turoprans. E 
 
 
 2f, full 
 
 2 28,2 
 
 2 ?4)4> 
 
 O 2' ,2 
 
 10, new 
 
 '7 37>3 
 
 i- 3.4 
 
 o 6,9 
 
 24, full 
 
 17 9>5 
 
 J 7 53.4 
 
 43>9 
 
 1 1, new 
 
 6 16,5 
 
 6 26,4 
 
 9>9 
 
 2{, full 
 
 9 5J5 
 
 10 27,4 
 
 i 21,9 
 
 10, new 
 
 *7 4 ! >9 
 
 *7 3^4 
 
 o 38, 
 
 The ancient Hindoos appear to have been better acquainted 
 tvith the inequalities of the motion of the moon, than the Bra- 
 mins, at prefent, as we fhould be induced to believe from the 
 above comparifons; however, I am inclined to think, either 
 their rulrs in fome cafes defective, or, they do not beitow the 
 tequifite trouble on thefe computations, except en particular oc. 
 cafions ; an opinion fupported by comparing the times of a Lunar 
 Eclipfe, on the ^d of February, 1795! 
 
 Europeans. Hindoos. 
 
 Beginning of the Eclipfe, - i6h. 20,4111. i6h. 2i,jm. 
 Middle, - . . 17 46,4 17 51,5 
 
 End, .... 19 12,4 9 '5>5 
 
 By us, the duration of this pclipfe, is 2h. jam. by the 
 Hindoos 2h. 54.10 a near agreement for people whom we fup. 
 jpofe know nothing of the matter. 
 
 The length of the diurnal and no&urnal arcs, are alfo given in 
 the Hindoo Calendar, with an accuracy furpriiing tothofe who 
 fe the Aftronomicai redictions of the 
 
 have been taught to fuppof 
 Uramins abfurditiesj liuj 
 
 1794, 
 
 April i $ 
 
 29 
 
 May 14 
 
 2 
 
 June 13 
 
 27 
 
 July 12 
 
 26 
 
 II 
 
 wiil appear by the annexed table. 
 
 LENGTH OF 
 
 THS DAY. 
 
 Hindoos. 
 
 Europeans. 
 
 I2h. 1 8m. 
 
 izh. i8m 
 
 12 28 
 
 12 28 
 
 32 36 
 
 12 36{- 
 
 12 42 
 
 12 42| 
 
 12 46 
 
 12 46 
 
 12 47 
 
 12 46 
 
 12 44 
 
 12 43 
 
 12 40 
 
 12 37 
 
 12 31 
 
 12 29 
 
 12 22 
 
 12 20 
 
 
 Septcmbef
 
 C 41 ) 
 
 LENGTH OF THE DAY. 
 
 l -94, JlinJjos. Europeans. 
 
 September 9 12 u| 12 10 
 
 23 ii 59i ii 59 
 
 October 8 115011 48^ 
 
 23 ii 38 ii 38 
 
 November 7 n 29 1 n 29 
 
 22 II 21 II 20| 
 
 December 6 ii 14! " 1 5\ 
 
 22" ii 12 ii 13! 
 
 January u 14! n 15$ 
 
 20 ii 24 ii 2i-| 
 
 February 3 1 1 29 n 29 
 
 19 ii 39 ii 39 
 March 5 n 45! n 49 
 
 20 ii 59 \ 12 oo 
 
 The arcs in the European column were calculated as correct. 
 ly as poffible. The Phenomena of the other planets in this Calen- 
 dar, are not fo correct, particularly of Mercury ; the motions of 
 Jupiter and Saturn ( as we mould imagine ) appear to be the beft 
 underftood ; the want of the Telefcope kept them unacquainted 
 with the Satellites of Jupiter and Saturn, and the Georgian Si- 
 dus; nor could they have known much of Mercury's motion, for 
 the fame reafon. 
 
 The Calendar ends with the 2ift of March,, and beginning as 
 above; the year comprifes only 34.6 days, being 8|- days (hort of 
 the Lunar, and 19! days mort of the Solar year, this is neither 
 proper nor agreeable to the knowledge the Bramins have had of 
 this matter; they appear to have afcertained the year to tolerable 
 nicety; according to them the year contained 365 days6h.i2m.3os. 
 of our time, about 23 \ minutes longer than the fame by us now- 
 this difference has been fuppofed by fome to have arifen from a 
 dccreafe in the length of the year, and confequently of an ap- 
 proach of the earth towards the fun; an air ot probability 
 is given to this fuppofition by comparing the length of the year, 
 as found by Hippai'chus near 2000 years ago, with that by the 
 Bramins, and by us. 
 
 LENGTH OF THE YEAR. 
 
 D. H. M. S. 
 
 By the Hindoos, 36^ 6 12 30 
 
 Jiy Hipparchus, about 194.0 years ago, 365 5 5?' 12 
 
 y European Aftronomers, at prefeut, 365 5 48 57 
 
 G New
 
 ( 4= > 
 
 Now fuppofmg the length of the year to decreafe in an arith- 
 jneric progrelfion, we (hall have the time when the length of the 
 year was determined by the Hindoos. 
 
 Years Years 
 
 By Hipparchus, 6' 15" 1942, 17' 18" 537?> 
 
 Aftronomers at prefent, 6 15 1942? 23 33 7317* 
 
 Here we find a difference of near 2000 years, but the ]-..'$ 
 conclufion (7 3 17 years) where Kipparchus's data, is only or.ce 
 ufed, agrees nearelt with their own account of the matter. 
 
 It is the tranflator I perceive, who has fhortened the year in 
 this Calendar, to prevent, (as he fays,) confufion, b< 
 with one period and ending with another. 
 
 The almanack on which thefe remarks were made, was (tranf- 
 lated into Englifh by a fenfible and learned native, named 
 Trevercadoo Mootiah; a man, urged on no doubt by a ft re ng 
 genius, as nothing lefs could induce a perfon to beftow his time 
 in fuch purfuits in this difcouraging country, who has been at 
 great trouble and expence to cultivate his mind, and who is 
 highly deferving encouragement. With the afliftance of a perfon 
 of this defcription we might hope to bring to light, many curious, 
 if not ufeful, works, now mouldering perhaps in the ancient 
 fabricks of the Peninfula, with the feeds of many rare and valu- 
 able talents, unproductive from a want of that genial warmth, 
 only to be beftowed by Princes and Rulers of a country. 
 
 J. G. 
 Madras, 1795. 
 
 To THE EDI-TORS OF THE COURIER AND GAZETTE. 
 
 AS the fruiting feafon is not entirely over, you will oblige me 
 by communicating to your readers, that inftead of the 
 troubleofhairlir.es, which have been found neceffary to flicker 
 fuch fmall feeds, when evolving in a cold climate, they may 
 fqueefe the juice from what ripe fruit yet remain, fpread out the 
 pulp in the made to dry, winnow and preferve the feeds for /ow- 
 ing, after the heavy rains, when the atmofphere is temperate and 
 rooift. 
 
 Some feeds prepared in this way laft year, and fown in my 
 garden in December, arc now ftrong healthy plants, ten feet in 
 height. 
 
 JAMES ANDERSON. 
 fort St. George, i%th April, I79J. 
 
 To
 
 C 43 ) 
 To THE RIGHT HONORABLE LORD HOBART, 
 
 GOVERNOR, IN COUNCIL. 
 MY LORD, 
 
 BELIEVING that any propofal for improving the Country 
 will meet with your Lordihip's favorable reception, I have 
 the honor to obferve, that there is a trnfl of high land in the Ja- 
 ghire, partly covered with hills, which is bounded on the north 
 by the Adyar, on the fouth by the Palar, on the eaft by the fea, 
 and on the weft by the lands of Conjeveram. 
 
 What the collection is, fro-n this extend ve traft, of thirty miles 
 {quare, br 5:40,000 acres, I do not know, but from infpection 
 can fay, it is onl7 the flcirts of low land, and fome fmall fpots 
 amoiigft the hills here and there, that has ever been cultivated. 
 The reil, which is volcanic earth, and the fitted (oil in India for 
 vegetation, is rendered fo fteril by drought, that the jungle which 
 it fpontaneouily produces is too {lender to be made into billets, 
 and the poor people can only get brafh-wood, which they carry 
 in bundles on their heads, twenty or thirty miles to market. 
 
 The grafs which it might produce for pafture, were this ground 
 cleared cf fuch jungle, would be a great improvement, and it 
 would certainly be attended with public benefit, to grant freehold 
 leafes, as the occupancy of thefe lands weald be attended with, 
 a much better iupplv of black cattle, (heep and fire-wood, by the 
 induflry which fuch tenor would excite. 
 
 In the middle of this tracl, between Vandalore and Chinna 
 Parma Coil, there is a fpace nearly ten miles in extent, where 
 the land ftretches out pretty level, from the foot of the hills, and 
 it feerns probable that the bed of the Palar beyond Conjeveram, 
 may be higher than this fpace : at any rats, it is worth}' the at- 
 tention of Government to order afurvey for water courfes to run 
 from the Palar, where it iflues from the Arcot country towards 
 the hills in the Jaghire, as by this means the tanks may be filled 
 during the frcfhes, independant of rains in their neighbourhood, 
 and many more tanks conftrudled, with certain advantage, be- 
 caufe the water of that river is fupplied from the S. W. a* well as 
 N. E. monioon, its fources reaching as far as Savandroog, in 
 My fore. 
 
 I am, MY LORD, &c. 
 
 JAMES ANDERSON. 
 
 fort St. George, $d May, 1 795. 
 
 G z To
 
 C 44 ) 
 
 To DOCTOR ANDERSON, P. C. 
 
 I HAVE the pleafure to inform you, that the feeds of the bafl 
 tard cedar you were fo good as to fend me, all came up, and 
 are thriving; I never faw any thing like them for quicknefs of* 
 growth : our hot winds began here in March, and fince that time" 
 we have had but one fhower of rain; yet notvvithftanding, they 
 have grown about four feet ; the inilant the rains begin, they 
 fhall be tranfplanted, and I have not a doubt but that they will 
 be forty feet high, before next March : if you cculd oblige me 
 with more feeds, I fhould take it kind. 
 
 Enclofed I d:> myfelf the pleafure of fending fome feeds of the 
 Arnotta tree, with the color adhering, left you fhould have none 
 of the trees ; alfo a little of the color, which is much admired at 
 hone, if you wifh for more of the feeds, I can fend you a 
 quantity. 
 
 I hope your {ilk manufacture is going on to your wifh,, you 
 have met with many croffes where it was not to have been expe&ed. 
 I have been obliged to reduce my fchemes : I was led into ex- 
 pence from the promife of Lord Cornwallisto affift me, in which 
 I have only myfelf to blame I ought trom the length of time I 
 have lived in the world, to have known better. 
 
 JOHN GLASS. 
 
 Bkaugulpoor, igtt> May, 1795. 
 
 N. B. The color fent was warned from the feeds. 
 
 To DOCTOR ANDERSON, P. G. 
 
 BY defire of Captain Wilks, I enclofe you fome of the feed 
 of the Ankree, a fpecies of grafs apparently fimilar to the 
 Spanifh chichling-vetch, found alfo in America. It is indi^i- 
 nous to, and grows fpontaneoufly, in the province of Bahar, and 
 the Zemindary of Benares : it appears in the month of Oftober 
 in great luxuriance, upon thofe low grounds that have been inun- 
 dated by the waters of the Ganges, admits of three or four cut- 
 tings, runs to feed, and fades in April. 
 
 A bag fhall be forwarded to your addrefs by fea, and I fhall be 
 happy to procure you a fupply of any quantity, fhould you find it 
 ufeful : one biggah fupports three or four horfes during the 
 feafon, in rude health and good condition. 
 
 H. FRASER. 
 Calcutta) May ^.th, 1 79^. 
 
 To
 
 f 45 ) 
 
 To JAMES ANDERSON, ESQUIRE. 
 
 I AM forry to acquaint you with the bad fuccefs of the worm* 
 under mv care, which is fuch I hardly know what to do. 
 
 Though ! kept more cacoons produced from the eggs you were 
 fo good to f^nd here, than by a regiiter from the commencement 
 of the bu fine fa fnould ha^e filled the bungalow at Vellout and 
 Trivallore with worms, yet I found myfelf fadly difappointed, 
 but determined not to be fo again, I preferred an immenfe 
 quantity of cacoons for eggs, ftill the failure is fo great I have 
 not the number of worms I wanted. 
 
 The defect I mention is not in the cacoons, moths or eggs; 
 but en!" in the young worms, which difappear after they come 
 out of the eggs, and the people begin to feed them, though there 
 is nothing wrong in the leaves, which are brought into the bun- 
 galow frefti and good. 
 
 I have alfo been careful to have the weft fide of it well fiiut, 
 and now keep the floor wet by throwing water over it, and have 
 the fmall worms fed 1 2 times in the 24 hours, but cannot yet 
 fay what effect watering the fioor, and the additional feeding 
 will have. 
 
 As I prefer lofs of reft to feeing the bufitiefs go on the way it 
 does, I have begun to ftay in the bungalow all night myfelf, and 
 now give fo very fmall a part of my attention to any thing elic, 
 I can fee minutely carried into execution any inltruclions you 
 may think proper to give me, for which I (hall be exceedingly 
 obliged, and for your opinion refpecting what has happened. 
 
 BOSWALL PARKISON. 
 f'ellout, June 2tb, 1795. 
 
 To MR. BOSWALL PARKISON. 
 
 IT never was my int?ntb-i to make filk in quantity at Vellout, 
 if you will take the trouble to read rm' Publications, you will 
 fee that the eftablimment under you, is folely recommended for 
 the diftribution of the plant, in and ov^r all the jaghire, as how- 
 ever, you feem foiicitou; to keep worms, you may eafily fatisfy 
 yourfelf at any time, by looking into the Bungalow in my garden, 
 where there is no particular cnr.!, and yrt the w^nns are perfectly 
 healthy, and can be multiplied at pleafure. 
 
 JAMES ANDERSON. 
 Fort Si. Gtorgf, June Z^th, 1795. 
 
 To
 
 ( 46 } 
 
 To DOCTOR JAMES ANDERSON, 
 
 PUBLIC DEPARTMENT* 
 
 JAM directed by the Right Honorable the Prefident in Coun- 
 cil, to fend you the enclofcd Extract of a Letter from Can- 
 ton, in anfwer to an application which was made to the Super- 
 cargoes at that place, at your inftance, for procuring a fuppiy of 
 Silk Worms and Mulberry Trees. 
 
 J. WEBBE, SECRETART. 
 R. SHERSON, Examined. 
 fort St. George, z%th June, 1795. 
 
 of a Letter from Canton, 
 dated 2 $th March. 1795. 
 
 WE are forry it has not been in our power to fend you the 
 Nankeen Silk Worms and Mulberry Trees defcribed in 
 your letter of the 28th June, 1793, every attempt made by the 
 Refidents here to procure the genuine fort difcribed by Mr.' Fru- 
 {hard, having proved unfuccefsful. 
 
 His Excellency Lord Macartney, in his journey from Pekin, 
 was fo fortunate as to obtain fotne worms and Plants of the right 
 fort, but as his Excellency's inftruflions, on the fubjecl were con- 
 fined to Bengal, and the quantity he had was not very great, he 
 did not think himfelf authorized to part with any of them to us, 
 for the purpofe of fending to Madras, where the probability of 
 their fucceeding would not be fo great. 
 
 Should thefe worms reach in fafety, we hope your fettlemenj 
 may in a (hort time be fupplied from thence with lefs difficulty 
 than can be done from this country, however if a favorable oppor- 
 tunity mould offer for procuring any which we can be affured are 
 of a proper kind, your Lordfhip may rely on our forwarding them 
 to Madras, by the earlieft conveyance. 
 
 A trueExtraa, A. FALCONAR, DEP. SEC, 
 
 A. SLING SB Y, Ex. 
 
 To DOCTOR ANDERSON. 
 
 THE bearer, Mr. Lyte, who has for fome time paft been em, 
 ployed here, is going to your fide of India in hopes of 
 bettering his fituation, he is a native of the Weft Indies, and is ac- 
 quainted with fome of the branches of their cultivation, he never 
 
 was
 
 f <7 ) 
 
 was in my frrvke, but I have had fome acquaintance \vith him, 
 and have fufScient reafon to believe, that lie is a fober, quiet, ho- 
 neft and intelligent man, (hould any perfon who is concerned in 
 your new Speculations of cotton or indigo, have cccafion to em- 
 ploy him, I am confident they \viil find him deferring of their 
 confidence. 
 
 H. SCOTT, 
 
 Bombay, i^thjune, 1795. 
 
 To DOCTOR ANDERSON, MADRAS, 
 
 I AM favored by the laft defpatches with your printed corre- 
 fpcndence of 179-?, relative to filk and tobaftard cedar trees, 
 together with fome of the feeds, for which lam obliged to you, 
 though without any accompanying letter. 
 
 I have to obferve that you flill continue to let the mulberry 
 trees grow to 30 or 40 feet high, though J prefume that is for the 
 purpofe of fruit, and feeds for propagation, becaufe the leaves of 
 trees of that height are not near fo fit for food for the worm being 
 hard and coarfe, which muft affect, the worm and the filk, for 
 which reafon the foft and tender leaves of the young plants are 
 beft, giving the worm a good color, and rendering the filk almoft 
 tranfparcnt. 
 
 I have now only to add that as there feems a fpirit of improve* 
 ment in India, and an attention to ufeful productions of nature, 
 I take forgranted that the bread fruit tree, has not efcaped atten- 
 tion, and^I have the pleafure to tell you that a very confiderable 
 number of them having been fucce/sfuliy brought in the Botanical 
 Ihip Captain Bligh to the Weft Indies, His Majefty has ordered 
 onehalf to be left at St. Vincents and the reft carried to Jamai- 
 ca; they arrived fafe and thrive exceedingly at both places, I 
 Ihould imagine they would equally flourifh in India and if pro- 
 duced in great abundance might yield a valuable fupply of food 
 The fpiccsof India are alfo no\y cultivated with fuccefs through- 
 put the Weit Indies. 
 
 That your ufeful endeavours may be crowned with fuccefs, it 
 the fincere wifh of, your, &c. 
 
 GEORGE YOUNGE. 
 
 To JAMES ANDERSON, ESQ. 
 AM favored with your letter ot the 25'th Inftant, as I am 
 certain the failures 01" the worms here have not proceeded from 
 
 any
 
 f 48 ) 
 
 any want of care on my part, I am the more anxious on thU 
 head, becaufc fhoulJ. reports go abroad amongft the people, that 
 the worms at the Company's and Mr. Woolf's filatures are fub, 
 jecl to fuch accidents and fo frequently, it may in addition to their ; 
 natural prejudice to every new fpeculation, operate as an infupe- 
 rable bar to the introduction of the culture of ink amongft them, 
 and as my only object is to furmount every difficulty, I {hail be 
 obliged to you for any farther information on the fubjeft, and will 
 be thankful for one of your people who fuperintends the feeding 
 of your worms, or who feeds them, that I may be certain every 
 thing is done here as it ought to be ; in making this lequeft I am 
 influenced by a double motive, the defi re of doing what I can to- 
 wards the fuccefs cf the undertaking, and credit to your recom- 
 mendation of me. 
 
 That I may have your inftruftions about what is no\v 
 doing, it is proper to acquaint you with the way the worms here 
 are reared. When they firil come out of the Eggs, leaves cut 
 very fmall are ftrewed over them, with which they are 
 removed to a mat, and fed with the fame kind of cut 
 leaves, cleaning them is performed by feparatiug the upper 
 layer of the leaves on which the worms are removed to another 
 Mat. The only difference in the farther care of them is, that 
 the leaves are cut proportionally larger, as the worms grow,, 
 till at ! aft they get them whole : as mentioned in my laft, I centinueto 
 iced them 12 times in 24 hours, but have left off watering the 
 floor of the Bungalc'.v, for fear of hurting the worms by the 
 damp. 
 
 Though it has not been your intention ;o make filk at Vellout, 
 } ct as it feems to me necefiary to convince the natives by example, 
 that the worms can be reared, I am the more felicitous to obtain 
 luch information, as to the caufe of the failures of the worms 
 with me, firit by ficknefs and now dying fhortiy after they come 
 >ut of the Eggs; as may prevent the like happening again, I 
 Thail therefore be particularly glad of your opinion about it, and 
 if you think keeping different fucceflions at once, hurtful to the 
 'worms. 
 
 The worm houfe at Trivailore is now perfeftly eftabliilied for 
 'inftrudUng the people there in the care of the worms, and fuppljr. 
 ing them with every requifite for the undertaking. 
 
 BOSWALL PARKISON. 
 rel'outt Julj iA 1795. 
 
 Ta
 
 ( 49 ) 
 To MR. BOSWALL PARKISON. 
 
 I AM favored with your letter of the rft inftant, and am pleaf- 
 ed to fre that your anxiety and zeal for the fuccefs of the Silk 
 Manuiarture is no ways impaired, as it will be very agreeable 
 to me to pyoMi^e your wifli of preferving the worms in health 
 at Vcllout and Trivallovc. 
 
 Not however having encreafcd my own eflablifaraenr, I have 
 HO fpi'.re hands, or would readily fend you one, but from the 
 accou.it you have trantmitted, am enabled to fay that too much 
 care, has been the caufe of ficknefs amongft your worms; for 
 the leaves bleed and lofe their fap,. if cut in the way that you de- 
 fcribe, and the worms are too much difturbed by feeding them 
 fo often as 12 times in the 24 hours. 
 
 In the mornings therefore, when you lee the eggs hatching^ 
 lay fome young tender leaves over them, and when thefe 
 leaves are covered with young fry, let them be taken up by the 
 Italics and laid on a clean bafket or mat, that has been well 
 rubbed over with cow-dung, fetting it' in the fun fhine to dry- 
 before it is ufed, continuing to feed them four times in the day 
 and three times in the night, which will be fufficient, and to 
 obtain leave:, of this fort, cut down a part of your Plantation in 
 fuccdfion, within fix inches of the ground. 
 
 As the accumulation of litter and dung is liable to ferment 
 ar.d generate fowl air, every fccoiv.l day, the worms fhould be 
 faifted to a trjan bafket, which is belt effected with nets or* 
 v/hich they are removed with nothing attached to them, befides 
 the leaves cf the lalt feeding ; the fuccetfion of different hatchings 
 once is a great relief to the labour, and a means of preventing 
 ficknefs. 
 
 You have a great deal too much fcaffolding at Vellout, the 
 ftages of which are fo high that the feeders muft do their work 
 auKwaruly, as well as that a circulation of air is prevented by fo 
 great a number of mat?. 
 
 "What; [ have, found a.nfwer taft is to have fmall portable frame.8 
 two feet and a half high with only three ftagcs, on which baflcets 
 five feet in length aad three ar.d a halt" ia breadth are placed, 
 fo that a boy of 10 years of age can reach a handful of leaves over 
 the higheft baflcet, as well as that it Ls of conference that the 
 worms fhould be under your eye, and that you readily fee how 
 every thing about them is Htuated, as you walk through the Bun- 
 galovv. 
 
 The worms at Poonamallee are in perfect health, and Mr. 
 
 Blackadder aflures me yield the moft beautiful lilk ; nor is there 
 
 H any
 
 f 50 ) 
 
 tny apparent reafon befides what I have mentioned, why you 
 flioulu not have equal fuccefs. 
 
 JAS. ANDERSON. 
 ton St. George, Jafy j\.tb, 1 795. 
 
 To JAMES ANDERSON, ESQUIRE, 
 
 I AM favoured with your letter of the 4th inftant, and hope 
 you will excufe my again requeftingone of your worm feeders, 
 if but for a day, to put the people here in the way of feeding 
 with whole leaves. 
 
 I have now put the mats to double the diftance from each 
 
 Other they were before, and the number of feedings are reduced. 
 
 J am happy to acquaint you the worms have for feveral days 
 
 paft been coming on very well, fince the heat of the weather 
 
 has abated. 
 
 I cannot allow that Mr, Blackadder's fuccefs has been more 
 than mine, for he alfo has loft numbers of young worms, and 
 that you may lee my filk wound, I fend two fkains of it. 
 
 BOS\VALL PARKISON. 
 Vellout, ith July, 1795 
 
 To MR. BOSWALL PARKISON. 
 
 AS no filk can be more beautiful than the two fkains you have 
 fent, it is with pleasure I fend the bearer Sattavagi, who 
 will fhew your people how to feed with whole leaves, and have 
 told him that in a tew days he will return, as foon as that purpofc 
 is eftecled. 
 
 JAS. ANDERSON. 
 fort St. George, July %th, 179$. 
 
 To DOCTOR ANDERSON, P. G, 
 
 I AM much obliged by your letter of the ift inftant, and feel 
 heartily inclined to meet the views of Mr. Lyte by employ- 
 ing him in the cultivation of coffee, cotton and fugar, as it ap 
 pears he is fomewhst acquainted with it. 
 
 From having failed in all my endeavours to perfuade people 
 to enter into fuch a fpeculation in thefe diftridts, I h?.ve not made 
 it my bufinefs to enquire if it would anfwer or not, and I fancy 
 the doubts they have entertained on this fubjeft have deterred 
 them. 
 
 The information wanted to confirm or remove thefe doubts 
 can I imagine be foon procured, and if Mr, Lyte will como
 
 ( 5' ) 
 
 to the Barramahl, we can then fee what fteps {hould be taken in 
 it. 
 
 The expence of labour here, the diftance of land carriage, 
 the uncertainty of a market, the getting a price that would de- 
 fray all charge, and bring a profit that would anf.ver Mr. Lyte't 
 txpeations, are all I conceive, the principal heaJs of enquiry. 
 
 Ifhcchufesto conduct the bu.ln-fs on his own bottom, I'll 
 give him land enough, and though I would not, under the very 
 doubtfulprofpeft I have of fuch health as will enable me .to re* 
 main long in the country, like to rifle the injuring my own 
 circumstances, I would very gladly contribute to the fetting him 
 fairly a going, did I fee a'tolerable chance of his fucceeding. 
 
 If again he mould find upon enquiry, that the entering into 
 fuch a (peculation probably would not anfwer, and he would chufe 
 to engage in the cultivation of the ordinary productions of the 
 country, I (houid be happy to employ him, by putting a village 
 or two under his management. 
 
 My motives in this would be the acquiring information on 
 Indian huibandjry and the introducing improvements ink among 
 the natives of this country, a bufinefs I have long had in my mind, 
 and which the multiplicity of other bufinefs has hitherto, and I fee 
 always will, prevent my making a trial in. 
 
 Should he like this, I would likewife give him charge of t 
 village or two in jundlion with an intelligent native, who would 
 aid his endeavours, ar.d would inftruft him in the country Ian. 
 guages. 
 
 From this you may rather form an idea of the bufinefs in 
 which a perfon like Mr. Lyte could be employed in thefe 
 diilrifts, than one of my expeclations from his experience, for 
 I guefs that he would have more to learn on coming here than 
 he would have to teach others. 
 
 However this may be, I think he cannot lofe by coming hi- 
 ther, for if the trade of farming and manufacturing fhould not 
 anfwer, I imagine he would do very well in the capacry of 
 writer, accountant, or furveyor, and thus if deficient in either, 
 he would fooner qualify himfelf to be ufeiul in one of them, than 
 in the other lines. 
 
 Moderate as my expectations may be, I would give any man of 
 the charader you give him, twenty pagodas per month, and you 
 may offer him that for the prefent : it he agree pleafe to advance 
 him two or three months pay, if he requires fo much, and fe.id 
 him offloaded with feeds and with informausn of all kinds. 
 
 H i Thii
 
 This is written in the i-reateft hafte, the tappal hour being at 
 hand I fhall probably write you again in a day or t\vo. 
 
 A. READ. 
 
 To JAMES ANDERSON, ESQUIRE, P. G. 
 
 I AM tills moment returned from an expedition to a place 
 called Talamalee, 1 5; miles from hence, to endeavour to 
 find out a gun road, the whole road is a beautiful jung'tr, or 
 rather a foreft, with noble timber trees of every fort, jrrcat 
 varieties of them I never faw before, and no want of teak-wood 
 here, 
 
 ' I have fen* you two parcels, one containing ten of the wild nut- 
 megs, the other, the flower and leaf of the nutmeg, with three 
 varieties of the fern, you will be fo obliging as to give thefe 
 parcels to Doctor Berry, with my beft falam. 
 
 The nutmeg trees I have feen are as ftraight as an arrow, and 
 about i '50 feet high, and very thick, I fnould imagine they 
 would be fine wood for cabinet work. This jungle contains the 
 pepper plant, the cardamom, ginger, turmerick, faffiron, and a 
 variety of things that I had riot time to examine, there are about 
 20 or 30 inhabitants at Talamalee, who live upon what they beg. 
 from the paffengers, and the product of the jungle, that is to fay 
 the felling of the cardamoms, &c. to pniiengers, this life they 
 prefer to cultivating the lands, I wifhed ranch to get them under 
 me here, but ufed to the roving life they lead, they will not 
 forfake it. 
 
 I am afraid you think I have forgot my prornife of fending 
 you the pepper'plants, they were fent to Dindigul about a month 
 ago, but not in that order that it was poflible to forward them 
 oil; I hope to fend them, and foms others from Cumbie, in a 
 few days. Berry ought to come and examine thefe woods, he" 
 would rind a thoufaud things he never faw before ; elephants are 
 innumerable here, and the great terror to man, as they are very 
 vicious. 
 
 GEORGE WYNCH. 
 , i6th Jalj, 1795, 
 
 To DOCTOR ANDERSON P. G. 
 
 I RETURN you many thanks for your irjterefting communi- 
 cation, which I received yelkrday, and have read with much 
 plcafure. The benevolent aim of all your labours mult excite a 
 
 lively
 
 ( 53 ) 
 
 lively with in every perfon for their ultimate fuccefs and profpe- 
 -n\' I am extremely happy to learn that you have at laft been 
 able to obtain the cochineal infect from America, and beiides the 
 inr^reii which every one mutt feel in an event which tends to en. 
 large cur knowledge, and improve our commerce, I cannot but 
 fi'ic^rdv rejoice personally on your account; knowing how fatis- 
 factory it muft be to you, and that it will in Come rneafure com- 
 peufate the many difficulties and difcouragements, which have 
 b^'-". thrown in your way Thofe it is to be hoped, you will be 
 ab!*r to furmountj and finally to accornplifh the ufeful work 
 which you have begun. 
 
 In the midft of the difficulties and obftructions which necefla- 
 rily attend the progrefs of a new undertaking like this, every 11* 
 berai mind will" find a pleafure in reflecting, that an art once ef- 
 rablifhed perpetuates itfelf, that the mott beneficial improvements 
 ire aifo the moft tailing, and though their firlt beginnings are flow 
 and difficult, their after duration is but little affected by the revo- 
 lutions of power. Even the introduction of an ufeful vegetable 
 is an acquiurion of which conqueft has never deprived the world. 
 The cherry tree, which was firft tranfplanted into Europe by a 
 Roman Con&l,has long outlived the downfall of the Roman pow- 
 er : tho' Lucullus when he adorned his villa with this ufeful 
 tree, little thought that he was doing what would furvive the ef- 
 fect of all his victories, and even the greatnefs of his country. In. 
 ftances conformable to hiilory and experience, will feldom belie 
 our expectation, and it is reafonable to hope that the growth of 
 the mulberry and opuntia, with the valuable infects which feed 
 upon them, will probably continue to awaken induftry and mul- 
 tiply the means of fubfiftence on this coaft, after the memory of 
 inore fplendid events, which often only operate to wafle and de. 
 Itroy, has been long loft and forgotten, but whatever be the final 
 refult, this at leaft muft be the earneft wifh of every perfon who is 
 a friend to mankind. 
 
 FRA. DUNCAN, 
 
 Warriors, Augiift 8th, 1795* 
 
 To DOCTOR ANDERSON, P. G. 
 
 I REQUEST you will accept of my beft thanks, for having 
 by a late tappal favored me with a copy of your late publi- 
 cation, in which you announce to the world your having fucceed- 
 ed in having imported into this country the true cochineal in. 
 feet from America, 
 
 The
 
 ( 54 ) 
 
 The fatisfaftion you, Sir; no doubt feel in having c6nduft 
 *d to fo fortunate a termination a fcheme originally dictated 
 wholly by philnnthrophy, ptirfued through many difcouraging 
 circumftances with unremitted diligence and zeal, and even, 
 tually pregnant with benefit as well to the (late, as to thou- 
 fands of our fellow creatures, rnuit be your belt reward, and 
 renders the congratulations of thofe who have the plcafure ot 
 knowing you, but little neceffary I have therefore only to ex- 
 prefs my hopes, that our rulers, encouraged by this fecond in. 
 ftance 'of your fuccefs, and convinced ot the great benefit of 
 at all timtt diffeminating ufcful knowledge, may in future 
 readily affcrd you all that fupport and countenance, which 
 purfuits of fuch extend ve utility are entitled to claim, and 
 alfo for the good of mankind, to wifn that you may long 
 be blefTed with healfh, to enable you to point out and fu. 
 perintend fimilar enquiries, and that you may frequently en- 
 joy the pleafure of bringing them to equally fortunate termi- 
 nations. 
 
 ALEX. KENNEDY. 
 
 Tanjore, Auguji l&tlj, 179$. 
 
 To JAMES ANDERSON, ESQ. 
 
 I SEND back the man you was fo good to let me have, iri 
 confequence of being obliged to make accounts with reports of 
 the ftate of the plant" tion, to be laid before the Board of Reve- 
 nue, I have not been able to par the attention I wimed to feeding 
 the worms with whole leaves, but the head man of the Bungalow 
 has declared himfelf perfectly capable of it. 
 
 I have made a large window in the roof of the Bungalow, and 
 am going to make more, which will be a great improvement, as 
 it muft keep up a circulation of air, without tta wind blowing 
 on the worms, and at the fame time let any foul air off. 
 
 I have been this morning -at Mr. Blackadder's, and perhaps 
 never was finer worms or cacoons feen than we both have. 
 
 BOSWALL PARKISON. 
 Vellout) lifA 7/y, 1795. 
 
 To DOCTOR ANDERSON,?. G. 
 
 I FEAR I have yet to acknowledge the receipt of a fhort let- 
 ter I received iron) you either immediately previous, or juft 
 fubfequent to the Nizr.rVs retreat from the Maratta army for 
 aftlhave been prevented by indifpofuion, from ta. 
 
 king
 
 ( 55 ) 
 
 king up the pen, which I now relume with the greater fatisfac., 
 tion, as I think I may venture- to hazard an opinion, that the 
 return of peace, and the difpcfition of fome of the new lending 
 men at this court, ate likely to prove favorable to the effectual 
 profecution of our filic worm fcheroe. 
 
 Inth 
 amufed 
 
 that I found fcattered over the furface of the foil, being 
 ver quite ur.Cdlled even in the fmt elerr.er.ts of mineralogy, I 
 Could only feiecl fuch pebbles, chryitais, &x. as caught my eye, 
 either by their novelty, the fplendour of their colour, or the ap- 
 parent oddity of their forms fuch as they are, however, I pro- 
 pofe fubmitting them to your infpecUon 0.1. my arrival at Madras, 
 when if you fhould be able to feleit a few pieces from them wor- 
 thy of a place in your cabinet, I (hall eftcoiii myfelf iufficiently re- 
 warded for my trouble, 
 
 I propofe likewife bringing you a An all quantity of ghya, a 
 fpecies of dry rice, which if it ihonld facceed as well in the dry 
 unflooded grounds of the Carnatic as it does in fimilar fituations 
 in the country of Nepau.1, from whence my Brother brought the 
 original feed, you will unqueluonably coafider as an invaluable 
 acquifition to the country, 
 
 The feed I propofe offering you is partly the produce of a crop 
 raifed near Calcutta, on a fpot not liable to lie flooded, and partly 
 that of a fmall crop we had laft year at Beder, on afimiliar fpot of 
 ground, from Nepaulfeed. 
 
 JAMES ACHILLES KIRKPATRICK. 
 fydrcilad, ^^>ril 6th, 1 795. 
 
 Tp JAMES ANDERSON, ESQ. 
 \ GREEABLE to your defire, I fhall endeavour to give you 
 <Z~\. whatinformatioa I can refpefting the practicability of ob- 
 taining the Carmenian goats frorn Periia, 
 
 Being at BuiTora in the year 1792, I there faw a male and fe- 
 male, which Mr. Small, Surgeon to the }>,:t->ry, had brought with 
 him from Bunderick, where ho had purchased them at an incon- 
 (iderable price he then informed me that the p^rfon he had them 
 of, offered to procure a few more if adequately rewarded for his 
 rifque and trouble, as the government of that part of the coun- 
 try of which they are natives, has itrictly prohibited their expor- 
 tation, and the dillance they \vere to be brought, is very con- 
 fiderable. 
 
 Mr.
 
 ( 56 ) 
 
 Mr. Small, did not at that time think proper to be at fo great 
 an expcnce on his own account, but having afterwards karned 
 that the Court of Directors were defirous of procuring a bre-d tg 
 be fcnt to Europe, and Mr. Manefty the Reddent at Bcilcra, 
 having applied to Mr, Small forthofe I have mentioned for that 
 purpofe, he the year following while at Bufhire, actually made 
 an agreement with one or more perfons, who undertook to bring 
 a confiderable number of the Carmenian gcats, to be delivered 
 there, Mr. Small foon after proceeded to the factory at Giv.in, 
 where he unfortunately fell into a bid (late of health in which he 
 continued till his dcceafe, in the end of 1794, pofllbly within 
 the time fpecified for the delivery of the goats. 
 
 Whether the failure is to be attributed to this circumfUnce, or 
 the want of fai-.h oathe part of the people he employed 1 am ig, 
 norant, but it is not improbable that tne lait may have been the 
 true caufe, as they are noted for impofition, and it appears to me 
 that the fuccefs of any future attempt to procure thefe goats by 
 this rout, will greatly depend on theperfon fo employed, having 
 been refident for fome time among thefe people and having fomp 
 knowledge of them. 
 
 The above is the whole of what I could collect on this fubjcft, 
 during two voyages to Eu(Tora ; and a mort flay there ; 1 {hall feel 
 znyfeft angularly happy if you can derive any advantage fron it. 
 
 A. H. BOGLE,. 
 Skij> Swift, Madras Roads, July 18/^795. 
 
 To JAMES ANDERSON, 
 
 THE pleafure I feel in giving any information that may give 
 you fatisfaftion with regard to the bufmefs I am engaged in 
 makes me lofe no time in tranfmitting the inclofed, which is a 
 copy of an advertifement to be immediately circulated bv* me- in 
 Malabars, amongft the inhabitants. 
 
 BOSWALL PARKI-SON. 
 rellout, July iQth, 1795. 
 
 To THE AUMILDAR3, RENTERS, NATAV/ARS A:JD 
 VILLAGE PEOPLE, OF THE SAUTMAGAN3 POO. 
 NOOMALDEE, AND TRIPASSORE DISTCICTS. 
 
 AT the Honorable Company's plantations at Veliour and 
 Trivaloje, the filk worms with leaveSj and every other re. 
 quifite is now ready to commence the filk bufinefs, therefore M.r. 
 f wkifon, fuperintendant ofthe Honorable Company's plantations
 
 ( 57 ) 
 
 informs the Aumu.lars, Renters, Natawars, and Inhabitants, 
 that he will let them have (ilk. worm eggs with every thing ne- 
 ceilary for rearing \vorms'*as in the Honorable Company's filk- 
 worm houfe (viz.) rnatts, bamboes, and knives, with leaves &c. 
 from the plantation at Vslloat and Trivalore, without charging 
 one cafh, and any inhabitants who will employ eight hands on. 
 this bufinefs ihall have a clever man to teach them, who will be 
 paid without their being at any charge on his account, but the 
 rearing the worms is very eafy and may foon be learned, for it 
 is done in Bengal by women and children. 
 
 When the wonr.s come out of the eggs they require to be fed 
 four times in the day, and three times in the night for 24 days, 
 after \vhich they begin to make cacoons, when there is no more 
 trouble with them ; in a few days more the cacooas will be ready . 
 for fale, and immediately upon their being brought to the compa- 
 ny's filature at Trivalore or Vellout, ready money will be paid 
 for them. 
 
 Two moths from the two cacoons, ftiould give 350 eggs, and 
 each egg a worm, fo that only 600 cacoons need be kept for 
 breeding, by whoever wimes to rear 100,000 worms, that will 
 bring them 200 fanams, if they take leaves from the Company's plan- 
 tations, or 333 fanairrs, if by cultivating the mulberry, on their own 
 account, thfy provide leaves for their worms. 
 
 When the cacoons are brought for fale, one fanam will be 
 paid for every 500, at the fame time that leaves and every requi- 
 fite is given, without making any charge, and thofe who produce 
 the fmt cacoons, will be entitled to a prefent from the Honoura- 
 ble Company, and their names fhall be reported to the Coileftor, 
 aad the Board of Revenue for their favor. 
 
 Whoever will plant the mulberry for leaves, and feed their own 
 worms, (hall have for only 300 cacoons one fanam, and to put it 
 in the power of thofe who may with to avail themfelves of fo great 
 an advantage, the}' ihall on giving proper fecurity have a fum of 
 money advanced them to make plantations, that the/ may be 
 enabled to provide their own leaves. 
 
 To DOCTOR ANDERSON, P. G. 
 
 AS Mr. Lyte prefers, the trying his fortune in the Barramahl 
 I {hall entertain hones, that fomething will be done at lait, 
 to'.var-is the introducing in it the more valuable productions and 
 manufactures, by which we may expeft with more certainty than 
 by any other means, it will become a richer country. 
 
 I I
 
 f 55 ) 
 
 I have the pkafure to inform you, that my affiftants, MefTrs. 
 MacleocI and Monro, propofc likewife to embark in the fame 
 laudable fcheme, if our fuperiors approve. They have applied 
 for a farm to the Southward, about fixty miles W. by N. of Tri. 
 chinopoly, and if granted, I lhall aflc for one, if it only appears 
 eligible on consideration, in one of the eaftern diftrifts of the 
 Barramahl, probably within one hundred and fifty W. of Madras. 
 
 I reocon, that fhculd cur fpeculation turn out half fo well as 
 may be expected, there will always be people ready to take it off 
 our hands when we quit our fituatiou, for the difficulty of a work 
 of this kind is only at the beginning. 
 
 Indeed I fhall not be difappointed if I fave myfelf, and fnall on- 
 ly care on account of the failure of it, if 1 Ihould be forne pound 5 
 out of pocket, for though I. have not yet Ihown any public fpirit 
 to boaft of, my main objeft in this bufmefs, is the good of my 
 country. 
 
 As portending fomething very favorable to our views, I muft 
 inform you, that I have this morning received officially from the 
 Board of Trade, through the Commercial Refidcnt at Salim, two 
 packages, containing two famples of Ganjam fugar and feveral 
 of Indigo, from different places on the Coaft, with labels on each 
 informing the price, but what is extraordinary, no intimation of 
 the purpofe for which they are fent, poffibly it has been refolve-i 
 to try the experiment I recommended, of holding out a certala 
 market for thofe commodities. 
 
 That would affuredly anfwer; and if it be the cafe, you may 
 expcft to ice, and that in a ftiort period, plantations rifing in every 
 diftrict. The Company would then get as much as they want of 
 them without rifle, and the culture of them would be the care 
 a#d the advantage of the individual. 
 
 The drudgery of my employ preventing my refearches into the 
 nature of the foil, I muit be contented with afcertaining the pro- 
 perties of the wearher, which may be of foine ufe in hufbundry, 
 asd to this end have begun a diary lately. 
 
 By the help of our rude artificers here, I have made fhift to con- 
 ftruft an Hygrometer wi h thin paper, which proves fufficiemly 
 fufceptible of change in the air, and an ./Erometer which ihews 
 the velocity and direction of the wind with great exaftnefs. 
 
 Having bought a Thermometer and water-gage, all I want to 
 complete my apparatus is a Barmometer, which I have long been 
 in qaeft of, this account therefore is from the hope that you will 
 try what you can in procuring one for pee, 
 
 Poffibly
 
 ( $9 5 
 
 Poflibly I may hereafter have matters to communicate more 
 intereiting to you, but the conftant rotine of Revenue Bufinefs, is 
 a bar to much being done in the way of improvement in my time, 
 you may hov.-ever, "if Mr. Lyte be diligent, recdve gratification 
 from his endeavours, fhould he try the line you propofe. 
 
 A. READ. 
 
 July l6th, 179;. 
 
 To MR. BOSWALL PARKISON, 
 
 adopt meafures very different from a continued prefiure for en. 
 creafe of revenue ; neithar this nor any other new manufacture can 
 poffibly flourifh as they ought : and the old will go to decay. 
 
 JAMES ANDERSON. 
 
 'Fort St. Gtorge, July z8tl>, 
 
 To SIR GEORGE YOUNG, BART. LONDON. 
 
 I A VI favored with your letter of January i4th, reccommending 
 the pruning of the Mulberry, and an attention to the culture 
 of Spices, which I have perufed with much fatisfaclion ; having 
 found by experience, that the beil leaves are obtained from the 
 Mulberry, by cutting it off at the height of fix inches from the 
 ground every fix months. 
 
 This part of the country, however, appears to me to be under 
 the influence of too dry an atmofphere the greateft part of the 
 year, for plants which are natives of the iflands hke the Spices the 
 Cinnamon indeed, continues to flourim altonifhingly at Palam- 
 cotta, and will no doubt fucceed in the interior of the country 
 amongit the Hills, but the level country near the Coaft, is too dry 
 and too hot. 
 
 The improvements I introduced have been nearly at a ftand, 
 ever fince it appeared, that four millings an acre would be expect- 
 ed for wafte land, when brought under cultivation. 
 
 I am ftill however much gratified, and flattered by the atten- 
 tion of perfons like yourfelf, pofteffed of adequate knowledge on 
 fuch fubjefts. 
 
 JAMES ANDERSON. 
 
 Fort St. George, Augiift $<!, 
 
 To JAMES ANDERSON, ESQ. 
 NCLOSED is copy of my laft letter to Mr. Place, on the 
 fubject of rearing liik worms, in which I have given him 
 I 2 my
 
 ( 6o ) 
 
 my fenti meats on the bufinefs, and what I fay to him about its 
 being very capable of being carried on with advantage to the 
 Company and individuals, is the refult of a feries of remarks and 
 calculations made to the heft of my judgment. 
 
 By a man whom I fent about with the advertifements, to 
 whom I gave private directions to take notice of what remarks 
 ihe people he gave them to might make, I am informed the 
 grand objection is made to the care of the worms in the night, 
 and if I may judge from experience it will be a great obftacle, 
 for ileep is too great an indulgence to them to be broken in 
 upon, by any thing lefs than abfolute neceffity, and it ftrikes me 
 that fo long as they think it is requifite it will be a great hin- 
 derance, I therefore intend to make trial of feeding the worms 
 at to P. M, and 5 A. M. but in the day time as ufual, and if 
 I find the worms can be brought to perfection in that way to give 
 general notice of it. 
 
 I have to apologize for not before this acknowledging the 
 great apparent improvement in your mode of feeding the worms 
 now adopted. 
 
 BOSWALL PARKISON. 
 Vellout, AugTift 6th, 1795. 
 
 To LIONEL PLACE, ESQUIRE, 
 COLLECTOR OF THE HONORABLE COMPANY'S J AC HIRE, 
 
 THE 25th inftant, I forwarded to you a copy of an advex- 
 tifement for the purpofe of introducing the culture of the 
 xnulberry and filk worms amongft the natives, alfo fome Malabar 
 tranilations, but have not yet circulated any, as it does not appear 
 to me proper to require the hamildars, to do fo without your par- 
 ticular directions, and with regard to the inhabitants, I wifh to 
 know if I may without any reference to the hamildars, &c. ac- 
 quaint the village people with the contents of the advertifement, 
 as from circumftances it may appear to me moft likely to attain 
 the end propofed. 
 
 I have this day received a letter from the Board of Revenue 
 defiling me to apply to you, for your aid in promulgating, and 
 rendering the advertifement fully underftood by the natives, in all 
 parts of the country, as I mentioned in my laft. 
 
 I not only look to you for this, but in ftiort for the entire fuc- 
 cefs of the bufinefs ; die utmoft of my exertions, muft neceflarily 
 be fo confined, even for the efficiency of them I muft depend upon 
 you.
 
 ( 61 } 
 
 1 have reafon to apprehend the exigence of the undertaking, 
 on this part of the Coalt defends en the introducing of it amongft 
 the natives, and I dare fay it may not furprife you, who mult be 
 fo well acquainted with them to find a bulinefs at leaft fo far as I 
 can judge, very capable of being carried on with advantage to 
 the Company and individuals fail, from the worms being reared 
 by pecple in monthly pay, if you ccnfider, how differently they 
 aft, when their own immediate intereit is at flake, and when 
 working for another; this I have hourly experience of, and from 
 remarks made by Mr. Corbet, on the filk bufinefs that has been 
 fo long carried on in Bengal, it appears that rearing worms in 
 the prefent plan is attended with certain lofs, from no other caufc 
 J can fee, but what I have mentioned. 
 
 Thefe reafons are to me, Sir, evidently the fource of the want 
 of fuccefs; and they make me anxious to get the natives to take 
 it up. 
 
 BOSWALL PARK1SON. 
 Vtlhui, July 2%t&, 1795". 
 
 I 
 
 To MR. BOSWALL PARKISON, 
 
 AM favored with your letter, inclofing a copy of that to Mr, 
 
 Place, to whom the Revenue Board have referred you, and am 
 fatisfied that your letter contains the molt adequate idea as the 
 people will be more readily influenced by an immediate 
 reward, than by any kind of authority, and therefore a little 
 trouble and expence by you to get fomc housekeepers in every 
 village in your neighbourhood, to undertake the keeping of a few 
 worms will effect more than the interference of renters or aumil- 
 dars, whom they will fufpeft of loading them with new labours. 
 
 You might encourage them to begin by defraying the expence 
 of creeling huts, for flickering the worms in all the neighbour- 
 ing villages, where any of the people will come into your plan, 
 and the Revenue Board muft be fenfible, that fo grand, and fo 
 new an undertaking will be attended with unforeseen cxpences, 
 to render it of that utility of which it is fufceptible. 
 
 If the worms are fed four times in the day regularly they will 
 thrive very well by feeding them at 10 at night and 5 in the 
 morning, as you mention; which removes the objection about 
 fleeping in the night. 
 
 As the practice of rearing worms at their own houfes by the 
 villagers, and diilributing plants, is all that is wanted tocompleat 
 the intention of your eftabhfhment, I am of opinion it would be 
 worth your while to fupply any of the village people you can 
 
 perfuade
 
 ( 62 ) 
 
 perfuade to begin the undertaking with leaves, Sec. &c, by fend. 
 jn them to them, without putting them to the trouble cf coming 
 for them, and when once they are fairly begun you will find they 
 Ceceflarily go on, as the advantages refulting will defray the ex- 
 pence of "new wants, which all mortals have when the means are 
 in their power, and the thing as neccifarily becomes a habit as 
 their prefent habits. 
 
 JAS. ANDERSON. 
 Fort St. George > Augitft -]th, 1795. 
 
 I 
 
 To JAMES ANDERSON, ESQ. P. G. 
 
 WAS favored with your publication refpedling the culture. 
 
 of the native nopal for rearing the American Cochineal, and 
 have the pleafure to acquaint you, that I fome days ago com- 
 menced planting it all round this plantation ; a line of about two 
 miles, which will anfwer two 1 eflential purpofes, a fence and a 
 nurfery for the cochineal infecl. 
 
 I am happy to tell you that the {ilk worms here are much im. 
 proved, after a temporary ncknefs, owing as I fuppofe to feeding 
 them on ktves that were too old, which I was under the neceffi- 
 ty of pulling to bring on a new crop, and I have now brought the 
 worms to a daily fucceffion, otherwife I could not manage them 
 here as in Bengal in periodical bunds, for reafons you muft be 
 well acquainted with. 
 
 A BLACKADDER. 
 Mulberry Plantation, near Potmamallee, Auguft l$th, 179$. 
 
 To DOCTOR ANDERSON, &c. &c. 
 
 BY the general orders which I have this day jeceived from 
 Sir Robert Abercrombie I have the pleafure to inform you^ 
 that your friend Captain Neilfon is appointed to the 74th Regi. 
 jnent, vice Aubrey. 
 
 JAMES ROBERTSON. 
 ft, 1795. 
 
 TO DOCTOR ANDERSON, P. G. 
 
 I AM this day favored with a fmall publication on the Cochi, 
 neal infeft, and feel much pleafure at the profpeft of your en- 
 deavours to introduce it in the country being at lait crowned with 
 fuccefs: your letter in the Courier two months ago, intimating 
 the arrival of the infeft in Bengal, attracted my notice, and I 
 would at that time have wrote you a few lines to offer my fervices,
 
 in the cultivation of the nopal here, but a fevere indifpofition 
 which feized me foou after my arrival prevented me doing my- 
 felt that pleafure. 
 
 As far as I can judge of the climate of Dindigul it is more 
 temperate than many parts of the coait, the land winds which 
 prevail at this feafon of the year although at times boifterous, ara 
 never hot, and being fituated nearly mid way between the twoCoafts, 
 it feems to partake of both moafoons, the weather has been 
 ool and pleafant for thefe two months pad, with frequent rains. 
 
 If you fee that I can be ufeful I beg, that you will command 
 my fen-ices. 
 
 GEORGE WILSON. 
 
 Bindigul, Augufiy 8/, 179;. 
 
 To JAMES ANDERSON, ESQ. P. G. 
 
 I HAVE the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your laft pub- 
 lication about the importation of the American Cochineal, and 
 muil beg leave to offer you my beft congratulations on the fub- 
 jeftoffomuch importance. 
 
 If I miftakenot, in the year 1787 you fent to Doctor Turing, 
 fome prickley Nopals which have lince thriven fo immrenfely that 
 this Fort and Petta are full of them. 
 
 I have alfo planted a good quantity in my garden, befides three 
 kinds of opuntia, that the late Doctor Binny was fo obliging to 
 give me. 
 
 My plantation of mulberries fince have fallen away on account 
 of the hedge not being fufncient to protect them from cattle, how- 
 ever I have many mulberry plants remaining as manv as to enable 
 me to keep the breed of white filk worms which I 1H11 preferve. 
 
 Some time in laft month Captain Robert Mackay, honored me 
 V-'ith a call, when I {hewed him my worms, and he wifned that 
 I mould keep the breed till fttch time as he would return to Hy- 
 drabad, he enquired alfo for the yellow filk worms, but having 
 bad the misfortune in June was a twelvemonth to lofe that breed, 
 if it would not be taking up too much .of your time, and you 
 have it in your power tofpareafew eggs of that kind, I mould 
 be very thankful for the favor of them. 
 
 CHARLES FREEMAN. 
 
 > Auguft 7/, 179$. 
 
 To
 
 To DOCTOR ANDERSON, P. G. 
 
 I WITH pleafure acknowledge the receipt of your publication 
 upon the fubject of the introduction of Cochineal infects from 
 America, acircumftancewhich I am extremely happy to hear of, 
 knowing that you have long wifhei to accomplim that end. 
 
 The culture of Cocnineal in the Honorable Companv's terito, 
 ries, mull certainly become in the courfe of a very mort time, a 
 lucrative article in their trade, and alfo give employment to many 
 of the needy natives. 
 
 I planted the different kinds of nopals which Doctor Berry was 
 fo good;as to fend me fom.e time ago, and thev feem to grow very 
 well. 
 
 I am glad to hear that the infects adhere to the nopal which 
 gives the yellow flowers, as there is plenty of it in every part of 
 this neighbourhood, it has not near fo many prickles as fome 6t 
 the other fpecies of opuntia have, which will be a great advantage 
 in-collecting the infects, I therefore mean to make a plantation 
 of it immediately. 
 
 SAMUEL MAC MORRICE. 
 Salem, gtb Augrf, \ 795. 
 
 To Mr. MAC MORRICE, 
 ASSISTANT SURGEON atSALiM, 
 
 I AM favored with your letter acknowledging the receipt oJ 
 my publication of the importation of American Cochineal, and 
 as you feem defirous of extending its cultivation I would advife 
 you to get a fmall fpot of ground, 100 feet fquare will be enough 
 to begin with, that is well fheltertd from winds, and plant it with 
 the yellow flowered naga calli at an interval of five feet diftance 
 between the plants, and as foon as you acquaint me that they have 
 taken to the ground I will defire Doftor Berry to forward you a 
 breed of the infects., 
 
 JAMES ANDERSON, 
 Fort St, George > Auguft l^th, 179$. 
 
 To CAPTAIN ALEXANDER READ, 
 
 COLLECTOR OF BARAMALL AT KISTNAGURRY, 
 
 MR. LYTE'S illnefs having bern of fuch a nature as to re- 
 quire a regimen and courfe of medicine for its removal, has 
 prever-ted my being able to forward Kim to you as I promifed, 
 but thi.s will prove no disadvantage to your laudable views of 
 cliffem mating a knowledge of valuable imorovcir.sr.ts in the coun>
 
 try, as he is by his Ray here acquiring the management of CochL 
 nca, which of ail things is the'moft worthy your attention. 
 
 In the Botanical Garden at Calcutta they have a thoufand 
 Plants covered with the infeft, enough to ftock all India imme- 
 diately : many gentleman there are laying out plantations, and 
 Doftor Roxburgh iiluing a breed to every part of the country. 
 
 Doctor Berry is likewife already able to do the fame her?, 
 having feveral plants covered with them, as well at Marmalon 
 as in my garden, both in a fheltered and expofed fituation, in a 
 thriving way, as it appears, by experience, both here and in 
 Bengal, that even heavy rains do them little injury. 
 
 The beft way to begin the management of them I mould ima- 
 gine, would be to plant fmall fpots that are fheltered from winds, 
 in the village gardens, with the common opuntia called by the 
 Tamuls Naga CaUi which is the only plant they are found to 
 live on, and that which I ftrft cultivated and diftributed over the 
 Country for this purpofe in 1787, and to avoid any impediment 
 of cxpence ; I could wifh that the fpots of ground, do not exceed 
 50 or 6.0 feet fquare, which will contain 100 plants . at feet 
 diftance one plant from another ; and after a knowledge of 
 the management is acquired, may be extended at pleafure. 
 
 JAMES ANDERSON. 
 Fort St. George, Augnft 20 fb, 1795. 
 
 To DOCTOR ANDERSON, P. G. 
 
 HAVING diftributed all the baftard cedar feeds you were fo 
 good to let me have, among the jaghire villages, and 
 found the quantity infufficient, I take the liberty of fending a 
 mefienger who will take charge of as many more as you cart 
 fpare. 
 
 LIONEL PLACE. 
 TriataJ&ety Auguft loffr, i79 
 
 To DOCTOR JAMES ANDERSON. 
 
 WITH the utmoft pfcafure I received your note of this day, 
 with the waiftcoats and mutters, which delighted me 
 much, feeing that by the happy induftry of men, the progrefs of 
 the woollen manufacture, through the laudable attention and pa- 
 triotic zeal of Sir John Sinclair is gaining ground to the honor 
 ef it> kingdom, and the convenience of the iuhabitaats thereof. 
 
 K One
 
 r 66 ^ 
 
 One of the waiftcoats \vith gratitude I receive, and return the 
 other herewith, aiid permit me to add, that with pleafare I re- 
 turn both you and Sir John Sinclair, my linccre thanks. 
 
 If it is not inconvenient to you, write for two pieces of the 
 mufter that is not numbered, and has greert flowers. The value 
 thereof I will chearfully pay, and by doing ib you will much 
 oblige 
 
 SHAMIR SULTAUN. 
 Madras, 20 th Auguft, 1795. 
 
 To THE HON. EDWARD SAUNDERS, ESQ. 
 
 ACTING GOVERNOR, AND COUNCIL. 
 
 I HAVE the, pleafure to fend you herewith, two parcels of 
 filkj amounting to nine pounds nearly, which I have receiv- 
 ed from Abdul Wabab Cawn Bahader, to be tranfmitted to the 
 Honorable Court of Directors, and which I truft ycu will readi. 
 ly tranfmit, in teftimony of the folicitude fome of the Princes 
 here, have (hewn to the fuccefs of this laudable undertaking ; ef- 
 pecially Abdul Wahab Cawn, as this filk is the produce of his 
 Jaghire of Chittore. 
 
 "You may likewife acquaint the Honorable Court, that the 
 filk reel, which they did me the honor to tranfmit, through the 
 channel of government, having been placed in my filature, was 
 found to poilefs no principle of advantage fuperior to the reel of 
 Vaucanfon, and that on account of the want of velocity, it has 
 been fet afide. 
 
 It may not be improper, likewife, to acquaint the Honora- 
 ble Court, by the firft difpatch, that the filk manufacture, and 
 the culture of Cochineal, of which we are now in pofleffion, and 
 for both of which, the climate and genius of the people are bet- 
 ter adapted, than in any other part of the world, are arrefted in. 
 their progrefs by a value being put upon vvafte land : the expence 
 of bringing which under cultivation, is at all times fo great, that 
 lew will attempt it, without immunities, pdyileges and coun- 
 tenance. ' 
 
 JAMES ANDERSON, 
 
 Fart. Sf, Gccrgt, Auguft 2Otb, 1795. 
 
 To JAMES ANDERSON, ESQUIRE. 
 
 HAVING been up the country, for this month pail, has 
 prevented rne from fooner acknowledging your much 
 cilee:ncd favor of the ift ultimo. 
 
 Thl
 
 The '"rlendly ftcps you have taken to promote my interefo, 
 . r have my warmed arid moft fincere thanks, and I am 
 happy to inform you my exchange into the 74th regiment has 
 taken place, r.r.d rhat I mean to take the firll opportunity of 
 joining it, and will probably have the pleafure of paying my 
 refpecls to you on my way to Pondicherry. 
 
 I was particularly happy to hear that the fpecies of nopal the 
 Cochineal feeds upon, grows in fuch abundance all over the Car- 
 natic, in my late trip up the river I found it growing in great 
 abundance to the height of q or 10 feet, and with very few 
 prickles on the leaves, which is a great advantage, as the infecl: 
 is eafier taken oil. 
 
 I \vas down ycfterday at the Company's Garden, where I found 
 Mr. Smith, who has charge of it, has about 1000 fine plants co- 
 vered with the infefls ; there is now enough to flock all India, 
 and as Mr. Smith is indefatigable in planting, there will foon be 
 enough to fpare, for any experiments that may be wilhed, to af- 
 certaiu the quality of the dye. 
 
 I was particularly happy to find that many of the infects, which 
 were placed fix weeks ago on plants in the garden, and expofed 
 to the weather, notwithstanding there has been a good deal of hea- 
 vy rain, have had a progeny, and that neither the young nor old 
 appear to have been the lea'l injured by theexpofure. 
 
 I hope you received the plants and infecls, Dr. Roxburgh fent 
 you fomctime ago, and that they are fucceeding, I intend bringing 
 you a frefh fupply, and have no doubt of feeing in a very few 
 months the plant and infecl an objecl of cultivation over all the 
 Carnatic, which I am inclined to think a more favorable climate 
 for it than that of Bengal ; I now enclofe for your perufal a co- 
 py of a letter I have been honored with from the Governor Gene- 
 ral in Council, it is very flattering, and contains every thing that 
 can be wifhed. 
 
 Great numbers of gentleman in Bengal have already begun 
 nopal plantations, and Doctor Roxburgh, has fent the infcdt to 
 different parts of the country. 
 
 R. NEILSON. 
 Fart William, Augnft ^d, 1795. 
 
 To CAPTAIN NEILSON. 
 
 DOCTOR ROXBURGH, the fupcrintendar.t of the Com- 
 pany's Piotanical eftablifhment, has acquainted the Gover- 
 nor General in Council that you have delivered to him a number 
 of cochineal infcfts, <i-c. procured at Rio Janiero. The value of 
 K 2 the
 
 C 68 ) 
 
 the prefent can only be ascertained by experience, but w!*. 
 that may prove, the Governor ^General in Council has directed me 
 to requeftyour acceptance of his thanks, and acknowledgements 
 for your endeavors, and attention to open a new fource of com- 
 mercial emolument for the Country and the Company. 
 
 The Governor General trails that neither his nor your expecta- 
 tions of the advantages to be derived from your exertions will 
 be difappointed, and in this expectation it will afford him parti- 
 cular fatisfaction to inform the Honourable Court of Directors, 
 that a valuable article of commerce has been introduced into this 
 country by your means, and to recommend a remuneration in pro- 
 portion to its importance. 
 
 I am further directed to add, that Doctor Roxburgh has re- 
 ceived directions to accommodate you with a fupply of the in- 
 fects and plants, if yon mould wim to have them. 
 
 E. HAY, SEC. TO THE GOVERNMENT, 
 Council Chamber, June 29.'^, 1795. 
 
 To DOCTOR JAMES ANDERSON, 
 
 PHYSICIAN GENER.AL. 
 SIR, 
 
 I HAVE the honor of hrrewirh tranfmitting to you a copy of 
 the report forwarded to Government on the Cochineal infects 
 you delivered to my charge, which from thriv ing fo well offer e- 
 very profpect of extenfive benefit to the country, the object of 
 your views. 
 
 ANDREW BERRY, 
 
 SUPERINTENDANT HoN. COM. NoPALRY. 
 Fort Sf. George, Auguft z*]th, 1795. 
 
 To THE RIGHT HONORABLE LORD HOBART. 
 
 GOVERNOR IN COUNCIL. 
 
 MY LORD, 
 
 I HAVE delayed till now reporting on the Cochineal infects, 
 . Vnich Doctor Anderfon informed Government, on the 22d 
 ultimo, he had delivered to my charge, that the infects having 
 gone through all their flages, I might {peak with fomc degree of 
 certainty as to the fuccefs of their culture here, and with pleafure 
 I can fay, that the climate feems moft congenial, that they 
 have thriven in all fituations, both fhcltered and expofed, even to 
 the direct rays of the fun, and to wind and weather, and encoun- 
 tered during the ihort time they have been here as bad weather 
 
 for
 
 ( 69 ) 
 
 for them, as can happen except during the monfoon; ftrongwini 
 accompanied with heavy falls ct rain. 
 
 The infecl too has come to its full growth and produced young 
 even in (hotter time than was found in Bengal, having placed 
 young infedls on the country nopal on the 2 8th ultimo, which 
 en the 24th inllant produced a new progeny; this quick growth, 
 more than double what happens in Mexico, its hardinefs and nu- 
 merous iflue, with the facility that the nopal, on which it thrives, 
 is reared, and the great abundance this plant is now in on every 
 part of the Coaft, fince Doctor Anderfon firft called an attention 
 to it in 1787, afford every inducement to an extenfive and fpeedy 
 cultivation. 
 
 I have now above TOO plants of the country nopal in the garden, 
 and fcveral in the Choultry in pots, with infefts placed on them, 
 and can have no hefitation in faying that by this time next month, 
 there will be fufficient to carry their culture to any extent, and 
 even now I mould be happy to fend a breed to whomever may be 
 induced to rear them. 
 
 Having hitherto cultivated a variety of foreign nopals for this 
 pnrpofe, on all of which I have alfo experienced the fame want of 
 fuccefs in rearing -the infects that Captain Neilfon, and Dcftor 
 Roxburgh did, and that the country nopal firft cultivated, as 
 being common and conlidered Jefs valuable had been thrown cu:, 
 I am now employed planting the country nopals in their room, 
 and intend only keeping a portion of the Kew nopal in the garden, 
 is this plant is undoubtedly what t!*.e fine cochineal is reared upon, 
 and which from this fortunate commencement may alfo be ex- 
 pected; but independant of this the young leaves of the Kew no- 
 pal, are the belt fucculent and wholefome vegetable, that can be 
 carried to fea, and will remain good for many months, and of 
 which Commodore Rainier has had feverai fupplies, many Cap- 
 
 and plac 
 
 have ifcoo, av;d I am interfering the fields with hedges of odina 
 (wodier) brandies encloiing nearly every 100 plants, as Doclor 
 Anderfon thinks it of great value as a fence almoft immediately 
 formed, eafily procured, of quick growth, and that v/ill live in 
 every foil. 
 
 Having told your Lordfhip that the infects have thriven in 
 every lituation, I mull however obferve, that they have been mod 
 numerous when flickered in fome degree from the wind and di- 
 icft rays of the fun, for which purpofes odina fences and flight pan, 
 
 dalls
 
 f 70 ) 
 
 dills of cocoa-nut or palmira leaves, fufficient alfo to keep off any 
 fudden fall of rain, will aniwcr, and with the fe there car. be no 
 doubt the infects may be as numerous on each plant as is thought 
 proper. as they never can be cultivated to any extent if allowed 
 to remain on the fame plants, they are what is termed fown, that 
 is, two or more females full grown are placed according to thefize 
 of the plants, at the divifionsof the branches, in the molt favorable 
 lituation for the young infects to fpread over them, in bags, the 
 corners being tied together, of 2 inch fquare pieces, of the fibrous 
 covering of the ftems ofcocos.nut leaves, the parenchyma of which 
 has been deftroyed by the weather, leaving only a network of the 
 fibres, that the young may be able to pafs freely through them, 
 tkefe females mull be taken as foon as any young appear ; or 
 what I have found anfwer very well, when a leaf of a nopal can 
 befpared, is to cut it into pieces according to the number of fe- 
 males adhering, and with the thorns of the plant fix thefe pieces 
 wherever they may be wilhed j when this is done, the only other 
 attention that is required is to keep the ground clean about the 
 roots of the plants to drive away vermin, and perhaps water the 
 plants a little till young again appear^ when fuch females as are 
 wanted for breeding are without Jofs of time placed on frefli 
 plants as before defcribed, and the remainder of the infects gather- 
 ed alfo as quickly as poffible, and plunged into boiling water be- 
 tween two cloths, till the water covers the whole, when they are 
 taken out and dried in the fun and then are fit for the market ; the 
 quicker all this is done the better, for the young conftituting the 
 fmeft colouring part, if they are allowed to efcape, they cannot 
 be collected, and the mothers become of little value, foon nothing 
 but an empty hufk ; the plants are then warned and cleared of in- 
 i'ecls, and allowed to recruit for a month or two, for a fucceffion 
 of many infects on one plant will certainly deftroy it. What is 
 farther conudercd neceflary, is to have plants in pots or bcxes un- 
 der cover or in places that can be covered, to preferve a breed from 
 heavy falls of rain and in wet weather, I have now therefore and 
 {hall always have in the choultry, the only cover at the nopalry, 
 % iufHcient number of plants in pots for this purpofe, ib that they 
 may be diftributed at any time. 
 
 - Having thus flated to your Lordfhip all regarding the culture 
 of the infrsfb that occurs to me, and what I have been doing, it 
 may bs only proper to add in refpect to its intrinfic value, and 
 value to this country, that the dye of the filvefter cochineal, 
 which this is, is by no means inferior to the grana lina, and is 
 only of lefs value about one third, from the lilky co- 
 vering
 
 .-ii.ig co in weight makes equal parts not equally 
 colouring, but this covering renders it more eafily reared and a 
 more certain produce than the other, fo that in Mexico it is the 
 principal culture of the poor, requiring no ftock, and but few 
 hands to earn a fubfiliencc on frequently the worft ground^ and 
 employing only the feeble and old, women and children. 
 I am, MY Loan, &c. 
 
 ANDREW BERRY. 
 
 Fort St. George, Auguji z6tb, 1795". 
 
 To DOCTOR ANDERSON, MADRAS. 
 
 THE favor of your letter was received, and laid before the Board 
 of Agriculture who exprefled themfelves much pleafed with 
 your communication, and having requeued me to convey you 
 their thanks, I take the earliell opportunity of doing fo with 
 pleafure. 
 
 Your continuing to communicate any thing interefting to the 
 cultivation of our Indian territories will be gratifying to the Board, 
 who are extremely fenfible of the advantage to be derived from 
 fuchaffiilance as yours, in the meafures they are now purfuing. 
 
 JOHN SINCLAIR. 
 Board of Agriculture, Whitehall, London, March \Qth, 1795. 
 
 To SIR JOHN SINCLAIR, BART. 
 
 PRESIDENT OF THE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE, 
 LONDON. 
 
 I HAVE the pleafureto inclofe a letter from Shamir Sultaun, 
 Efq, acknowledging the receipt of a veil of the new manufac- 
 ture which arrived here on the Lord Thurlow, where by I am 
 enabled to thank you for a fimilar mark of attention to myfelf. 
 
 The fentiments of the Beard of Agriculture, conveyed in the 
 hand writing of their Prefident, I confider a great honor, and I 
 fhall be happy if any thing in my power can promote their lauda- 
 ble intentions of public welfare. 
 
 At prefent however, there is nothing I can recommend to your 
 notice, except a letter from Mr. Bogle, furgeon of the Honorable 
 Company's Eombay (hip the Swift, in which if there appears any 
 new information, you will do me the favor to lay it before the 
 Uoard. 
 
 The Right Honourable the Governor here, has been fo good as 
 to Deceive the questions for agricultural furveys, you did me the 
 
 hono$
 
 ( r- ) 
 
 honor to enclofe, and will no doubt exert the moft effectual means 
 to render them ofufe, as moft of the queftions can be anfwercd im- 
 mediately by the village writers, an immemorial eftabliihment of 
 record in every village in Hindoftan. 
 
 JAS. ANDERSON. 
 Fort St. Gtorge, September IO//6, 1795. 
 
 QUERIES. 
 
 PROPOSED BY THE 
 
 BOARD OF AGRICULTURE; 
 To be Anfwered by Intelligent Farmers. 
 
 i. What is the nature of the foil and climate in your neigh- 
 bourhood ? 
 
 2. The manner in which the land is occupied, and whether 
 the farms are, in general, fimll or great ? 
 
 3. The manner in which the land is employed, whether, 
 in pafture, in hufbandry, or a mixture of both? 
 
 4. If in pafture, what graffes are cultivated, what fpecies of 
 ftock is kept; Whether the breeds can be improved, or whether 
 BCW breeds ought to be tried ? 
 
 . Whether any of the land is watered, and whether any 
 confiderable extent of ground is capable of that improvement'? 
 
 6. If the land is employed in Hufbandry, what are the 
 grains principally cultivated? 
 
 7. What is the rotation ot crops, and in particular whether 
 green crops, as turnips, clover, c. are cultivated, and hew th<y 
 are found to anfwer ? 
 
 8. Whether fallowing is praftifed or otherwife ? 
 
 9. What manures are made ufc of, and whether particular 
 attention is paid to the making of dunghills? 
 
 10. What are the ufual fort of ploughs, carts and other 
 implements of hufbandry ? 
 
 jr. Whether oxen or horfes are made ufe of? 
 
 12. What is the ufual feed time and harveft? 
 
 1 3. Whether the land is inclofcd or in open field ? 
 
 14. What advantages have been found to rehilt from inclof. 
 ing land, in regard to the increafe of rent. quantity or quali- 
 ties of produce improvement of Stock, &c. ? 
 
 15. What is the fue and nature of the inclofures? 
 
 16. Whether inclofures have increafed or decreafed popu- 
 lation ? 
 
 17. Whether
 
 ( 73 ) 
 
 ?-.. Whether there are any common fields, and whether any 
 divifion of them is propofed ? 
 
 1 3. What is the extent of wafte lands, and in what manner 
 are they at orefent depatliired ? 
 
 19. Of \vh".r improvement are thofe wafte lands moft capa* 
 b!e, whether by being planted, converted into arable, or into 
 pafture land, or by correcting the prefent mode of commonage ? 
 
 20. What is the rate of wages, and price of labour, by the 
 day or the piece, ani what are the hours at which labour com- 
 mences and ceafes, at the different feafons ? 
 
 2 r . -Whether proper attention is paid to the draining of land, 
 particularly the fenny part of it, and what forts of drains are 
 commonly made ufe of? 
 
 22. Whether paring and burning is praftifed, and how is it 
 managed and found to an(wer? 
 
 23. Whether the country is well wooded, and under what 
 {jrftcm are the woodlands kept ? 
 
 24. * What is the Price of Provifions, and whether the price 
 is likely to be fteady, to rife or to fail ? 
 
 2 <;. What is the ftate of the roads both publick and parochial, 
 whether they are in good order, and whether any improvements 
 in regard to making roads have been difcovered ? 
 
 26. What is the ftate of farm houfes and offices, whether in 
 general they are well fituated and properly conftrucled ? 
 
 27. Whnt is the nature of the leafcs commonly granted, and 
 what are four.d to be the moll advantageous convenants between 
 the landlord and tenant, for the improvement of the ground? 
 
 28. To what extent have commerce or manufactures been 
 carried on in the diilricl, and have they had either good or 
 bad effects on its agriculture ? 
 
 29. Are there any prailices in agriculture within the Country 
 that could be of fervice to other countries ? 
 
 30. re there any focieties inltituted in the country, for the 
 improvement of Agriculture ? 
 
 31. Whether the People feem to have a turn for improve- 
 ment, or how fuch a fpirit could be be-1 excited ? 
 
 32. What improvements can be fuggefted cither in regard 
 to the ftock or the hufbandry of the Country ? 
 
 33- What are the fituations, and nature of the foil; where 
 the Rot in Sheep is the moft prevalent ? 
 
 34-- What are the forts of Herbage produced from thefe 
 lands? 
 
 L . Have
 
 ( 74 ) 
 
 3$. Have any means been ufed to cultivate any of fuch lands, 
 to prevant the rot, and what have been practifed ? 
 
 36. What is the nature of the foil and herbage ,wh? re the 
 Sheep took rot laft winter, and where they never were known 
 to rot before ? 
 
 37. Are thofe lands old fward, or fown with feeds, or both? 
 
 38. Are there any obflacles to improvements, and in what 
 manner can they beft be removed ? 
 
 To DOCTOR ANDERSON, MADRAS. 
 
 I HAVE the pleafure of yours of October, and find you going 
 on actively as ever. I arn juft delivered of a ponderous work, 
 and have put a copy under the care of Mr. Gazeley, of which I 
 beg your acceptance. 
 
 ~ This has taken up fc much of my time, tbat I have hardly been 
 able to think of any thing elfe : I obferve that Roxburgh is gene 
 to Bengs!, and expect foon to hear of his determination about re- 
 turning to the Coaft. 
 
 I hear that a proper gardiner is going out from hence, a fpeci- 
 men of engravings made from Roxburgh's drawings, v/ill be given 
 to the Court of Directors in a few clays, together with a plan for 
 their publication, agreeably to the fcheme which I prcpofed to 
 your Beard when I was in India, if the Directors perfiit in their 
 refoiution, the work will be a fplendid one. 
 
 The reviews contain accounts of ail philofophical books; but 
 politics take up the attention of every one I am juft fetting out 
 for the country. 
 
 PATRICK RUSSELL. 
 
 London , July \Jl t 1795. 
 
 To DOCTOR ANDERSON. P. G. 
 
 YOU gratify me highly, in fuppofing I may be any way fer. 
 viceable in promoting the ufcful arts, I lhail certainly aim 
 at it in whatever comes recommended from you. 
 
 No doubt you will think it advifable to colcnife your red-coat 
 family in many flaticns, fo as to prevent riiking the lofs of the 
 fpecies by any partial accident, and perhaps it might not be im. 
 proper to mix fome plants of the Kew nopal or other innofenfive 
 fort, with the naga* calli, w th the intention of affording the 
 infect an opportunity of taking to it if they will. 
 
 The
 
 ( 7S 
 
 The naga calli fhall be planted here as you direft, immediate. 
 ly : 1 fuppofe it will he necefTary to wait their vegetation before 
 you fend me any of the Cochineal infefts, and if you think it pro- 
 per, I requelt you will alfo fend fome of the innoffenfive nopal. 
 
 I have made enquiry, and am informed there ars three 
 forts of nopals common here. 
 
 JOHN FLOYD. 
 
 T'richiasfolj, z%th Augnft, 179$. 
 
 TO DOCTOR ANDERSON, P. G. 
 
 Condapillji Auguft Z-]th, 179^. 
 
 I RETURN you my fmcere thanks for the account of thf 
 Cochineal infers you we re fo good as to fend me fome time ago, 
 which I ihould have acknowledged fooner but have been much 10, 
 difpofed with fore eyes, a difeafe very common here at prefent. 
 
 A great deal of this valley laying \vaftc might with little trouble 
 orexpence be employed in the cultivation of the opuntia, indeed 
 it feems fit for little elfe. I have no doubt, were Governnwnt 
 to give the fjnalleft encouragement to it, many people here would 
 very foon be induced to cultivate the Cochineal, but without fome 
 attention from Government, they will not eafiiy be brought to be. 
 lieve it a matter of any confequence. 
 
 It you will favor me with a few joints of the opuntia I will 
 cultivate it myfelf, and do all I poflibly can to make fome of the 
 more liberal part of the natives cultivate it alfo : probably if Go- 
 vernment were to allow afmall gratuity for every certain quantity 
 of Cochineal manufactured by the natives, and taken in part pay. 
 ment of kifts, it might prove a means of introducing the genera^ 
 cultivation of tiie little infeft. 
 
 ROBERT GALLAWAY. 
 
 To Mr. GALLOWAY, ASSISTANT SURGEON, 
 
 at Cindapn fy. 
 
 "V7"OURidea isfo proper regarding the msdem which thcCochi. 
 i n?al infects may be rendered productive that it demands 
 fay moil fiacere acknowledgernents,and to afiure you that by applying 
 to Lieut. Freeman at Mafulipatam you may obtain a fupply of 
 any number of plants that you may want, and 1 will take care that 
 a breed of the infefb are far.varded to you in due time. 
 
 The e(tabli(h:nent of a Nopal ry here having been made fome 
 
 years ago and now the compliance of Garsmment with the orders 
 
 L z of
 
 of the Honorable Court of Directors in defraying the expences 
 I have incurred, leaves no room to doubt that much attention 
 \yill be ojven to the improvements I have introduced, and as you 
 juftlyobfervr, were Government to hold out the-fmalleft incourage- 
 ment to the people, manv of them, would very foon be induced to 
 cultivate ; as on the other hand without that countenance the 
 people niuft imagine that my plans of induflry are contrary to the 
 views of Government. 
 
 JAMES ANDERSON. 
 fort St. George, September ^d, 1 795, 
 
 To DOCTOR ANDERSON, MADRAS, 
 
 I BEG to acknowledge the favor of your tranfmitting me the 
 account of the Cochineal infect, together with Mr. Secretary 
 Webbe's letter, with the extraft cf a letter from Canton under date 
 2 ^th March, 17(55:; and farther to offer my congratulations en 
 your fuccefs with the nopal and its valuable little infeft, fincerely 
 hoping to fee the annual filk worm of China added to the num- 
 ber of your achievements, finceitis become a more defirable ob- 
 jeft of attainment than ever from the grand project refolved on 
 and adopted by the Honorable Court of Directors, of which doubt- 
 lefs you are Informed, namely the ordering that their beft filks 
 fhould be wound line enough to be converted by them into organ- 
 zine, through the medium of our own mills at home ; a plan which 
 can never be profecuted to the extent they have laid down, till 
 fuch time as we can improve their quality by encreafing the 
 ftrength of the llaple. 
 
 The fpecimens of raw filk I have with great pieafure reported 
 on from you, are very fuperior in this refpecl to the filks the 
 growth of Bengal ; how defirable therefore that the growth of 
 this valuable article fhould be encouraged with you! but be it 
 remembered that although nothing is more eafy than the making 
 of fine threaded filature filk, yet a^ I have invariably endeavoured 
 to (how the more fine, the lefs valuable, unlefs at the fame tune, 
 made perfectly free from gouts, perfectly free from ends, and 
 perfectly free from the fine walte. 
 
 You feel how exceedingly we have to lament more than you, 
 the little fuccefs that hath hitherto attended, the application 
 made to the fupracargoes at your inftance, as the fate cf the few 
 eggs fern here by his Excellency Lord Macartney every one cf 
 which had been hatched before they reached me. 
 
 The filk produced both in Periia and Turkey, are remarka- 
 ble for their ftrength of ihple ; fuifcr me to fuggeft, that perhaps
 
 r 77 ) 
 
 it would be no very difficult rmtter through your multifarious cor. 
 refpondents, to obtain the feed of tbele countries, the latter efpe, 
 daily, through the intervention of Mr. Maneftyat Bufibra. 
 
 Two things have occurred to me, which I beg leave to fuggeft 
 to you. from a tendency which you will probably find in ^hem, to 
 do away fome of thedifticulties you have unfortunately had to 
 contend with in rearing the filk worm ; It would feem that the 
 great diftance of Nankeen, liom Canton, mail have proved a 
 great obftacle in the attempt of the R-efidents to procure the annual 
 worm for you, there is rp doubt the obtaining them from thence 
 would more affuredly afcertain the real fort, fmce from climate 
 they arc not likely, to have any other than the annual worm. 
 
 But there is no reafon why the annual worm mould not be 
 found iathe Southern provinces, and whereas in Bengal, although 
 the monthly worm be the principle object of cultivation, the an- 
 nual is and may be occafionally met with, and very probably in the 
 vicinity of Canton itfelf. 
 
 I fufpeft that the hot winds for the worrn and the drought for 
 the mulberry muft have proved your mod cruel enemies, and de- 
 prived you every now and thea of a whole bund compleat. 
 
 Now fuppofeyou were to confine your cultivation to the annual 
 worm only you uiight choofe your feafon, and by that means, be 
 fure of fuccefb, tor having cut and prepared your mulberry, you 
 need not put your worms to hatch, till the moment you was allu- 
 red of their keeping pace with each other. 
 
 The annual worm with us here is generally put to hatch about 
 the begining of February, ihould you be difpofed to try this, I 
 will with great pleafure forward you fome of the annual feed of 
 this country. 
 
 JAS, FRUSHARD. 
 Calcutta, Aitgujl l- t th 
 
 TO THE RIGHT HONORABLE LORD HOBART, 
 
 GOVERNOR IN COUNCIL. 
 MY LORD, 
 
 I HAVE the pleafqre to inclofe two letters from Mr. Frufliard, 
 regarding the bell fort of annual filk worm, in hopes that your 
 Lordlhip will fee the expediency of directing copies of them to fae 
 forwarded by the firft opportunity to the factory at Canton, and 
 the government at Bombay, for the purpofe of obtaining eggs of 
 this breed, in the manner lie has defiled. 
 
 I have the honour to be, my Lord, &c. 
 
 JAMES ANDERSON. 
 Fort St. George, S'ptembcr $d t 1795. To
 
 ( 7* ) 
 
 To JAMES FRUSHARD, ESQ. 
 
 I AM favoured with two letters from you, dated the i 7th and 
 1 8th Ultimo, the contents of which appear fo much to the pur- 
 pofe for procuring the mod valuable kind of annual fiik-worm, 
 that I have recommended them to the attention of Government. 
 
 I am much obliged by your offer of fending me the annual 
 {ilk worm of Bengal, but think it would be giving you unnecef- 
 fary trouble, as two years care of them has now put me in poile- 
 fiion of a fufficient ftcck. 
 
 The plan you mention of keeping this breed only, although it 
 might prove advantageous, yet I think it would bs hazardous to 
 adopt it, left the people faould forget the bufmefs altogether in 
 fo long an interval, and the high chara^er of the filk of ouy 
 monthly worm, which felis in tiie market here at forty three pa- 
 godas the Madras maund, are weighty reafons for preferring it. 
 
 Notwithstanding what appears in my publications regarding 
 the drying up of the eggs in the hot months, yet now by having 
 them laid on mats, that have been covered over with Co\v- 
 dung, not an egg fails in the hot more than in the cold months, 
 and in cafe the fields are watered once a fortnight, the produce of 
 leaves is very abundant. 
 
 The only real difference I can obferve is, that in the cold 
 months, the cacoons and the leaves, are both of a larger fize 
 than in the hot and dry feafon, but ihe filk is ftronger, as well 
 as the leaves more confident for their fize in the latter fejfon ; and 
 foul air, which is eaiiiy obviated, is the only enemy to thp 
 worms. 
 
 Upon the whole, although there may be fome advantages re- 
 fulting from the differences of heat and cold, moifture and dry- 
 nefs that will remain till fuch time as we get more experience, yet 
 the great equality of the temperature of our atmofphere, the do- 
 cility of the natives, and the fuperior ftrength of the produce, 
 muft certainly render the culture of filk here, an object of great 
 importance. 
 
 To bring it into effect, I recommended that opulent natives 
 fhould be encouraged to come forward, who could employ fuf- 
 ficient hands, that would ctherwife remain idle, as the cultivation 
 of grain which is the main, object, lies in the hands of the villa- 
 gers, and not amongft the inhabitants cf towns; but as the few 
 whom I hnd an opportunity of recommending, thintc they have 
 been difcouraged, it is likely- tha: thL valuable manufacture will 
 make but flow, if any farther advances, beyond what it is at pre- 
 lent
 
 f 79 ) 
 
 It is fall confined to the Company's plantation at Vellout, that 
 of a Tociety of gentlemen at Poonoornalir-e, Permall at Voyalore, 
 Rangapilly, at Adyar, Arraogam atCoomungalum, and aplanta. 
 tion of the Honorable Company's at G an jam, where the cheapnefs 
 of labour, and fertility of the foil, as well as its vicinity to Bengal, 
 arc fuppofed to be favourable circumftar.ces, whereas it has always 
 been my wifh and endeavour to place it in the hands of the na- 
 tives at large, for which purpofe I long ago recommended tnat an 
 article to this intent fhouid be inferted in the obligation bonds that 
 were expected to have been granted about this time, but have reafon 
 to believe no proper notice has been taken, from a miftaken idea of 
 the culture of Silk preventing the culture of grain : there are iike- 
 wife coniiderable plantations of mulberry at Chingleput, Guntoor, 
 Chicacole, and Vizagapatam, lying ufelefs. 
 
 Should it ever appear that government wifh. to promote this 
 manufacture, there can be no douHt but that your annual Bengal 
 worm may be introduced with ad\ antage into parts of the coun- 
 try that from want of water are unfit for the monthly fort, as the 
 mulberry when rooted, can furvive a very long drought, and 
 an univerfal verdure prevails immediately after the rains, the fea- 
 fon at which the annual worm naturally hatches here. 
 
 JAS. ANDERSON. 
 
 Fort St. Gecrge, September 4/, 1795. 
 
 TO THE RIGHT HONORABLE LORD HOBART, 
 GOVERNOR, IN COUNCIL. 
 
 MY LORD, 
 
 A SENSE of the numerous and important corcems of govern, 
 ment, leaves me almolt afhamed fo frequently to trouble 
 your Lordfhip, but having long obferved that refearches of this 
 nature become ufelefs, umefs recommended to the notice of thofe 
 who pofiefs the fprings of action, and believing that your Lord- 
 Ihip is well difpoied to promote every inveiti^ailon connected 
 \viththe public welfare, without farther taking up your Lordfhip's 
 lime with neediefs apologies, I (hall proceed to ttace: 
 
 That the caoutchouc, elaitic gurn, or indian rubber, a fub- 
 ftance now well known in Europe, as applicable to the improve- 
 ment ofmanyofthemoftneceflary and ufcful arts, is theprodu:e of 
 the Eaftern Iflands, as well as of Guiana in America, from 
 whence Europe has hitherto been lupplied with this valuable 
 fubitance. 
 
 My
 
 C So ) 
 
 My authority is a letter from Mr. Kincaid, at Prince of 
 Wales's Ifland, dated Auguft 21 ft, 1792, of which the following 
 is an extracl. 
 
 " The elaftic gum as it is called, is found iii thefe Iflands, and 
 the juice gathered and put in bottles, if kept excluded from the 
 air will carry to England, fome of it goes home in this {hip from 
 Mr. Light, to Mr. Dalrymple; ifexpofed to the air, it foon 
 ftiiFens, and then is p^.rfecl caoutchouc, it Is faid to be the pro- 
 duce of a vine, but from what little I have been able to collecl, 
 the plant feemS more of the reed kind, being as thick as a large 
 bamboe." 
 
 In January laft, I received a fmall quantity from Dodor 
 Campbell, at Bencoolen, and this morning Mr. William Roe- 
 buck, delivered me a little he had procured in the following 
 enclofure. 
 
 " I fend you a fpecimen of the ekftic gum, caoutchouc, 
 found in the ifland of Pooloo Pinang, by the Surgeon of the 
 Settlement ; knowing your attention to fubjecls of this nature, 
 and as I think it is a difcovery that may be of advantage, I am 
 happy to deliver it into your hands." 
 
 My intention in troubling you at this time is with a view to 
 induce your Lordihip to foiicit the Supreme Government's at- 
 tention to the fubjed, by recommending to the fettlements of 
 Eencoolen and Pooloo Pinang, the care and cultivation of the 
 plants in their neighbourhood, and to embrace every opportunity 
 of tranfmitting fome of them to the botanical garden at Calcutta, 
 as well as to this place. 
 
 lam, MY LORD, &c. 
 
 JAMES ANDERSON. 
 
 September $tk, 1795. 
 
 To JAMES ANDERSON, ESQ. P. G. 
 
 I CANNOT refift the impulfe of acquainting you, that I hare 
 fucceeded in what I have been for fome months attempting to 
 acquire, that is a daily breed of (ilk-worms, and have at this mo* 
 ment thirty fucceflions in high health, it is a moft pleafing object 
 to me, and I imagine it would give fome fatisfadlion to you, ta 
 fee the different gradations from the egg to the egg again all going 
 forward at the fame intiant. 
 
 I have the honor to inform you that I have planted ^,oco large 
 nopals fince the begining of lalt month, moft of them in great vi- 
 gor,
 
 f 8r ) 
 
 gor, throwing out a crop of new leaves, and fome already bearing 
 lowers, they will foon I think be able to feed the cochineal in, 
 feft on, and hope you will indulge me with a breed. 
 
 A BLACKADDER. 
 Mulberry Plantation, Poonamallee, September ^.th t 1795. 
 
 To THE RIGHT HONBLE. LORD HOBART, 
 
 GOVERNOR, IN COUNCIL. 
 
 MY LORD, 
 
 IN fupport of the wifhes of the Honorable Court of Directors 
 for a fflk manufacture, I have the pleafure to inclofe a letter 
 from Mr. Blackadder, expreffing his fuccefs in bringing about 
 a daily hatching of the worms, which as it muft prove a great 
 relief to the labour, as will as the fupply of leaves, and fecurity 
 againft lofing the breed ; I confider it of too much importance to 
 be overlooked, and therefore recommend, that your Lordfhip 
 will be pleafed to direct a monthly falary fufficient for his mauu. 
 tenance, to enable him to profecute his fuccefs. 
 
 I am, MY LORD, &c.. 
 
 JAS. ANDERSON,. 
 Fort St. Georgt, September qth, 1795. 
 
 To DOCTOR ANDERSON, P. G. 
 
 OBSERVING in the public Courier youdirecl fuch perfon&. 
 who wifh to promote the culture of filk, to apply to you for 
 eggs ; you will greatly oblige me by allowing me a few, as we have 
 a mulberry plantation at a very mort diftance from Vizagapatam, 
 fo that the feeding them will be attended with no inconvenience, 
 
 ROBERT WISSET. 
 Vizagapatam, Augrtft zgth, 1795. 
 
 To JAMES ANDERSON, ESQUIRE, P. G. 
 
 I AM directed to acknowledge the receipt of your letter dated' 
 2Oth ultimo, jd and ^th initant. 
 
 The remarks of Mr. Frufhard upon the beft mode of procur- 
 ing the annual filk-worm will according to your fuggeftion be 
 M recommended
 
 recommended to the gentlemen at Canton and Rornbay, and r. copy 
 ot your Ic-tter refpecting the elailic gum ofSumtnatra and "riming, 
 has been fubmitted to the conliderauon ot the Governor General 
 in Council of Bengal. 
 
 The Prefident'ia Council, is happy at thedifcovery made by 
 Mr. Blackadder, and hopes that it will prove beneficial to his 
 employers, buc does not feel himfeif at liberty to incur on the 
 Company's account, the monthly expence of the allowance which 
 you have recommended, for that gentleman. 
 
 J. WEBEE, SECRETARY. 
 F art St. George, September *izft>, 1795. 
 
 To JAMES ANDERSON, ESQ. P. G. 
 
 AFTER hoping thefe few lines may find you in perfect health, 
 I take this opportunity per favour of the dooly bearers to 
 acquaint you that I have found Captain Read here, and have no 
 occafion to go to Kiftnagurry, therefore have fent the dcoly back, 
 for which I return you many thanks. 
 
 I have likewife the pleafure to inform you that I have got the 
 Cochineal infects fafe up, and Captain Read, feems to be very 
 proud of them ; I believe that to day we fhall look out f'cr plants, 
 and make ready for placing out the infects as foon as they may be 
 
 EYRE W. LYTE. 
 Trippatore, in Baramall, \$th Sept. 1795. 
 
 ^=^ -L 
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