T 5 JC-NRLF 5Q7 NATIONAL" PIPE STANDARDS Of the Appendix to 1913 OBiq Edition Book of Standards, this is copy No.. Our records indicate that copy of the 1913 Edition Book of Standards, bearing the same number, was mailed to /njsq Company j -- -------------------- TO ^3883301(1 Street Address State- ad Iliw il r> A j j j rerson Addressed This copy of "NATIONAL" PIPE STANDARDS, Appendix to 1913 Edition Book of Standards, is being forwarded to the same address. We should be notified of any change of address. usbnatS io !Q1 3rfl ni PREFACE TO APPENDIX For a number of years National Tube Company has been publishing, at intervals, informatory, educational literature in various forms which has a widely acknowledged value, as evidenced by the constantly increasing requests from technical and practical engineers, mechanical men, manufacturers, students and many others interested in pipe and allied products. Much of the data will not be found elsewhere, for it represents years of research work in the mills and laboratories of this company; years of careful investigation of results of various materials installed under identical conditions of service, and in addition the reports made by unbiased authorities in the course of their service investigations. While each publication of National Tube Com- pany is as complete in its proposed scope and purpose when it comes from the press as it is pos- sible to make it, yet as soon as it is ready for distribution new data for a new edition begins to accumulate, for something new in manufacturing processes, or in application or use of material is constantly developing in the mills or in the general field. It will be appreciated, therefore, that no National Tube Company literature can be con- sidered .complete, final, and unchangeable. The 1913 edition of the Book of Standards has proved most satisfactory and valuable to those who use it, but it is now three years old, and a mass of ad- ditional information has become available. The purpose of this Appendix is to supply the latest information on the subjects contained in the 1913 Edition Book of Standards. For the most part this information is supplementary, but in several cases it replaces other data entirely. Where there seems any conflict between the two, the in- formation contained in this Appendix is to be con- sidered as the later information. The Index in this Appendix (which embraces both the Appendix and original Book of Standards) should be used in place of that in the 1913 Edition Book of St^nd^rds. NATIONAL PIPE STANDARDS Appendix to 1913 Edition Mfw-wu Book of Stand ards d 9dJ yd abfim STB dom-Xx gnibub/w ftns' ot*'qpj ! estlWA .bbw-qsl jwoxnq "rsritfa yd obsm sifi doftl^'bj qu rionl-Hi esxie jeaaaoiq blew Containing Tables and Useful Information Pertaining to Tubular Goods as Manufactured by Jo VI National Tube Company .bdbl9w~q*JL 10 nvreib-AH .sqi*! ^ , ^ Pittsburgh, Pa.. I'. ind .Jniol beti^snl ,sn/8>^ * ; Copyright, 1916 by National Tube Company Pittsburgh, Pa. .dqi*I avhCI " R*ctaagularPii.e. .jnidi/T issqU ienia^ i ' ' ' ' = ' NATIONAL TUBE COMPANY Pittsburgh, Pa. Nineteen Hundred and Sixteen 517 5 1 8 List of Products "NATIONAL" LIST OF PRODUCTS OF NATIONAL \ TUBE COMPANY There has been a constant and increasing demand for a concise list of the products manufactured by National Tube Company, and in order to supply a quick and ready reference to meet this demand, a list of the three classes of products has been compiled, under the following divisions: x. "NATIONAL" PRODUCTS. 2. "SHELBY" SEAMLESS TUBING PRODUCTS. 3. "KEWANEE" PRODUCTS. "NATIONAL" PRODUCTS "NATIONAL" Pipe is made by one of two processes: butt-weld or lap-weld. All sizes up to and including iX-inch are made by the butt- weld process; sizes iX-inch up to 3-inch are made by either process; and all sizes above 3-inch are made by the lap-weld process only. A list of the various kinds of "NATIONAL" Pipe and allied products follows: "NATIONAL" Air Line Pipe. " Allison Vanishing Thread Tubing, Ends Up- set. Allison Vanishing Thread Tubing, Ends Not Upset. Ammonia Cylinders. * Pipe, Re-drawn or Lap- welded. " Bailer Tubes. Bedstead Tubing. Boston Merchant Casing. Casing, Inserted Joint. " Oil Well Casing. * u u u Pacific Couplings. " Bump Joint Pipe. California Diamond BX Casing. " Drive Pipe. * ' 'Special External Upset Tubing. Converse Loc'k Joint Pipe. Double^Extra Strong Pipe. * Drive Pipe. " Well Pipe. _ ._ " Dry Kiln Pipe. " Extra Strong Pipe. Flush Joint Tubing. Gas Line Pipe. Grip or Gn D ef Pipe ' Hydraulic Pipe. Kimberly Joint Pipe. Large O. D. Pipe. " Line Pipe. This information supplements that on pages k, 1, \,ist of Products "NATIONAL" 519 "NATIONAL" Locomotive Arch Pipes. Bridge Pipe*. " " Dry Pipes. onlaoic iv9ft Water Grates { an * w Matheson Joint Pipe. Mattress Tubing. im * Tar Dipped. End Pipe for Gas Lines. ^. " Reamed and Drifted Pipe, Black. a ybi I e*bnil^ .. Galvanized. Rectangular Pipe. | " Selected Oil Line Pipe. "SHELBY" Seamless Interior UpsetDrill Pipe. Signal Pipe. anitful Special Rotary Pipe. . 9 j . . Staffs. iorfcoii Poles for Electric Power Lines and Lights. iduTi^h^Vw^O -1 " Telegraph andTele ' 3 ^ U 4 2 1 p hone Lines Tuyere Pipe. information supplements that on pages 4, 7, i 520 List of Products "SHELBY" "SHELBY" SEAMLESS TUBING PRODUCTS The following list outlines briefly the variety of products offered to the trade in "SHELBY" Seamless Tubing. (Further information regarding any of these products or shapes, or special shapes desired, can be secured by addressing any district office of National Tube Company.) "SHELBY" Seamlevss Arch Pipes. " *.r, Automobile Tubing. * n]b Axles. *&,fr .a"ha* Bedstead Tubing. * " Bicycle Tubing. 5 ki>. ! i ^ Blau-Gas Cylinders. " tao*[ Boiler Tubes, Upset, Expanded, and Swaged Ends. '*?' Bridge Pipes. to- Carrier Tubes. .Olff AK carbonic Acid Gas Cylinders. * , n V)" , Chandelier Tubing. " " Cold Drawn Tubing. Compressed Air Tubing. c - " . .eifoH Condenser Tubing. u " Cream Separator Bowls. - Cyclecar Tubing. Cylinders for Special Designs and Pur- poses. D Shaped Tubing. .sqi^HhGjoeqlJ ion<>inl %yir ^. ' , TT " Die Stock Handles. a Display Fixture Tubing. 1BJH ; Drill Pipe. ., ;! sviJomoooJ hi. _, , _ , . 1 Rod Tubing. " dfiif iaf-' Df y pi P es - >3bh.* J Expanded Ends Tubing. ts * I " : Formed Tubes, Special Designs, for .BOJGJS ijj^ o* vo^ DhJiia lol 83lo*I - Automobiles, etc. liJ *bn^ " Gas Cylinders. ! ->i Gravity Carrier Tubing. * * Hexagon Tubing. TTiis information supplements that on pages 4, 7, H List of Products "SHELBY" 521 "SHELBY" Seamless Hollow Shafting. " * Hose Poles or Mandrels. a " " Hot Rolled Tubing. 9riJ ,isv9wod ,/ioinu edi o- noinU "33K" Large Diameter Tubing. >{ ^ i*$s si*'*- Liquefied Gas Cylinders. *1 'M 01 ' Locomotive Boiler Tubes. ! // *orfi fj o;o; :ib ; eiift yd barfeildird Mechanical Tubing. >'!:. ^ . T " " Motorcycle Tubing, i ^ AWa3 rM ^^ | Marine Boiler Tubes. Non-Liquefied Gas Cylinders. Octagon Tubing. -) ^fi Oval Tubing. " " Oxygen Gas Cylinders. * Tmn .3*11 \^ Pneumatic Tube Service Tubing. . Fi; Poles. .**Kti- Pump Tubing. ..bsnivl e'r.Kifl f'yiiiiJ-I Rectangular Tubing. Rope Tubing. Adfus- Round Tubing. o r T~ j OOH Safe Ends. " " Shafting, Hollow. Square Tubing. " " Stationary Boiler Tubes. * " Stay Bolt Material. * " Steam Feed Piston Tubing. Superheater Tubes. Swaged Tubing. Tanks. Telephone Stand Tubing. Tempering Pots. Trolley Poles. <^f fionsitt Tubes, Marine, Stationary and Loco- motive Boiler. .. * Tubing for Mechanical Purposes. B'rifte. Upset Tubing. ' \*T * r- *^S^T bjsaH IIu8 Water Grates. Wrist Pin Tubing. 522 List of Products "KEWANEE" "KEWANEE" PRODUCTS Probably the best known of the "KEWANEE" Specialties is the "KEWANEE" Union. In addition to the union, however, the now famous "KEWANEE" principle has been adapted to valves and other fittings. For description of these specialties see "The Whole 'KEWANEE' Family" booklet, or Catalog J-IQIS, both of which are published by this company and furnished without charge to those whose activities indicate a legitimate use for same. The "KEWANEE" Specialties, the entire line of "N. T. C." Re- grinding Valves, brass and iron body valves, and the full line of brass, cast iron, malleable, and wrought fittings, are listed below in alphabetical order: Acid Cocks. " Fittings. " Valves, j gB Q na Air Brake Fittings, Malleable. " Cock, "NATIONAL" Spring Plug. " Cocks, Lock and Shield. Artesian Well Cylinders, All Brass. u ." '. Barrel Brass Lined. u Strainers. Base Fittings, Flanged. Beam Clamps, Adjustable. " Hooks. Bends, Casing, Malleable. " Cast Iron, Car Heater. * Return, Back Outlet. " Standard and Extra Heavy. Blast Furnace Fittings. Supplies. Blind Flanges. Boiler Couplings, Circulating, "KEWANEE." Malleable. Box Coil Tees. " Coils, Ornamental and Plain. Boxes, Brass Stuffing. Bracket Coils. Ells and Tees. Branch Tees. Branches, Cast Iron Y. Malleable Y. Brass Wire Cloth, New and Renovated. Bremer Checks, Tubular Well Valves. Brine Cocks. Bull Head Tees, Cast Iron, Standard and Extra Heavy. Bushings, Brass. " Cast Iron. This information supplements that on pastes k, 7, 167 to 18 List of Products "KEWANEE" 523 Bushings, Cast Iron Casing. isJJfcl n* Eccentric, Reducing. "33V Malleable. P.roVt " Faced. 41 .1 - Reducing. all 7, 167 to 182 526 List of Products 'KEWANEE" Elbows, Boiler, "KEWANEE." u Car Heater. " Casing. " Cleanout. " Double Branch. Drop. 45 Degree. Hydraulic. "KEWANEE" Union. Long Sweep. Pitched. Radiator. Railing. Reducing. Side Outlet. 60 Degree. Street. " Taper Reducing. " Union. Expansion Joints, Brass and Iron Body, Flanged and Screwed. * Pipe Hangers. " Plates. Extension Pieces. Fittings, Cast Iron, Malleable and Wrought. u Standard, Extra Heavy and Hydraulic. " Brass, Steam, Rough and Finished, Wrought Pipe Size. Hydraulic. . Set Railing. " ,(.-_ Air Brake. " Tested. Base, .notewto^ Boiler. Bushings. Caps. Car Heater. Casing. Couplings. Crosses. Eccentric. Elbows. Flanged. Flanges. Hydraulic. "KEWANEE " Laterals. Locknuts. t3 t>r Nipples. Offsets. Plugs. .fioinU noil This information supplements that on pages 4, 7, 167 to 182 List of Products "KEWANEE" 527 Fittings, Railing. a Reducers. " Return Bends. " Sprinkler. Sweep. Tees. Unions. " Water Connections. Flanged Fittings, Cast Iron, Standard and Extra Heavy. " " Crosses, Reducing. * * Double Branch Ells. " ttsft n< &KJK \ Reducing. a Sweep Tees. " Elbows Long Sweep. Base. " [ Dftfa'r a Check, Horizontal, Swing, Vertical. " " Iron Body Gate, Globe, Angle and Check. Flanges, Brass, Cast Iron and Malleable. " Blind Faced. .o%iQ Bolted On. .*bnl Common. .3*1 G Companion. .p^tect- Curved. 38id si Eccentric. oeiCf Faced and Drilled. .a8K :' Floor. .,- C< Grooved - Male and Female. f 1 .. Raih'ng. K3r$ lav Raised Face. ,io^oi[ Recessed. " Reducing, .lojfec;; Saddle. draau : Solid< . " . . Spot Faced, Bolt Holes. " Tongued. nv# li. and Grooved. This information supplements that on pages 4, T, 1W to 182 528 List of Products "KEWANKE" Flanges with Caulking Recess. Floor Plates. Followers, Long Screw. Foot Elbows and Tees. a Valves. Galvanized Fittings, Cast Iron, Malleable and Wrought " Standard and Extra Heavy. Gas Cocks. a Meter Cocks. " with "KEWANEE" Union. " Service Cocks, Bar Pattern. |M# Boston Pattern. " " V?3*!T q Heavy Pattern. Gate Valves, Brass. " Acid. u t^fh^' Automatic Drip. " Differential Stem Thread. " Double Disc. " u Hose. " / S ^ wjfc T?? 4 KEWANEE" Union. " " Quick Opening. " Radiator, with "KEWANEE" Union. u Iron Body, Converse Joint. " " Electrically Operated. " " ".<*; . " "Eurema" Y. iias " u Flanged. " " %dulx/. t &: Globe and Angle. >V ,%aiw3 "l&i " " Half Rising Stem, bnfi Hfan^f ; ,9< " " Hub End N. R. S. fefd " " "and Spigot N. R. S. * " " " Matheson Joint. * N. R. S. Double Disc. " Spigot End. Wedge Disc. * with By-pass. " O. S. & Y. Double Disc. * " Wedge Disc. " * " " u with By-pass. " " " " Quick Opening. " Screwed. * Swing Check. * " " " with Spur or Bevel Gear. " * * " Underwriters' Indicator, Double Disc, N. R. S. " " " " Underwriters' Indicator, Double Disc, O. S. & Y. * " , * .Bsiof I ji Underwriters' Indicator, Screwed and Flanged. " Wood Pipe. This information supplements that on pages 4, 1, 167 to 182 List of Products "KEWANEE" 529 Gauge Syphon, Steam. Globe and Angle Valves, Brass. .esmfltf Acid . .88fii*quo!>-i3li6 ! Competition. - - - - - Copper Disc. e Jenkins Disc, "N. T. C." with "KEWANEE" Union. " . " " " Natural Gas. " - Needle Point. " " " " "N. T. C." Regrinding. . " " >5f0eifaYi lon Body, Brass Mounted, Flanged with Yoke. Iron Body, Brass Mounted, "N. T. C." Jenkins Disc. ecYiMV * erfl i ron Body, Brass Mounted, Plain. .linu I ron Body. Brass Mounted, with Yoke. Iron Body, Flanged "N. T. C." Jenkins Disc. ; 9cfeiO Iron Body. Flanged with Yoke. rr!fiV Hexagon. * * Long Screw. " * Offset Reducing. " Crosses. R. H. R. & L. " Cross-Over Tees. Cross-Overs. Back Outlet. " Drive Caps. * * Shoes. Drop Ells, Female. " Male and Female. Tees, Female. " u u Male an( j Female. * Elbows and Tees. a * 45 Degree. * Street. " Extension Pieces. " Faced Bushings. Flange Unions. Followers, Faced. Long Screw. 4- Way Tees. " Hydrant Clamps. " Handles. Hydraulic Flange Unions. " " Fittings. ; T Lock * uts - Long Drop fclls. Nipples, Hexagon, R. & L. Nipple Tees. " Offset Reducing Couplings. " Railing Fittings. " Reducing Couplings. Reducers. " Return Bends. " " 5 ,, f >j Close Pattern. * * * Open Pattern. * Saddles. * Service Clamps. Y Pattern. " Side Outlet Ells and Tees This information supplements that on pages k, 1, 167 to 182 532 List of Products "KEWANEE" . Malleable Steam Pipe Saddles. * Straps. a Street Elbows. * " Tees. ' u Washer Keys. 3-Way E113. * Union Ells and Tees. Unions. Wall Plates. " Waste Nuts. * Water Pipe Clamps. " Wrenches, Cock. * Y Branches, Parallel. Y's. * Double Branch. " 45 Degree. 60 Degree. Manifolds. Marcy Check Tubular Well Valves. * Plunger Tubular Well Valves. Meter Cocks, Gas. " * u with union and lock. "KEWANEE" Union. ' a * Lock. Gas Service. Nipple Tees. Nipples, Brass, Malleable and Wrought. Soldering. * Casing. Galvanized. Lock Nut. * Long Screw. R. & L. Hexagon Center. Tank. Offsets, Flanged, Cast Iron. Plates, Cast Iron, Ceiling. * Expansion. * Floor. Hook. Ring. * Malleable, Wall. Plugs/Brass. Cast Iron and Malleable. * Countersunk. " Galvanized. * Left Hand. " Radiator, Ornamental * Solid. __ " Tapped for Air Valvea. This information supplements that on pages k, 1, 167 to 182 List of Products "KEWANEE" 533 Points, Drive Well, Brass Jacket. Flush or Tubular Well. " Open Center Banner. Scott Perfection, Drive Well. Single Screen. * Washer. Poppet Tubular Well Valves, All Brass. Radiator Air Valves, Compression. " " * and Keys. * Bushings. * Connections, Union Elbows, Brass. * Gate Valves with " KEWANEE " Union. "KEWANEE" Union, Special Pattern. Valves. * tt Brass Disc. " " Corner. " "N. T. C." Jenkins Disc. u Hot Water. " Jenkins Disc,"N.T.C.", with Lock and Shield. 1 c*e rf: Union. 899T rf rurt without Union. " Lock and Shield. " Quick Opening. a Special Brass Disc with Union. * a without Union. Jenkins Disc, "N. T. C.", with Union. " " " " " without Union. * "with "KEWANEE" Union. " " with or without Union. Radiators, Wrought Pipe and Wrought Tubing, Circular, Stag- gered Tube. ifibn.' Wrought Pipe and Wrought Tubing, Vertical Tube 1 Row Tubes. Wrought Pipe and Wrought Tubing, Vertical Tube, 2 Rows Tubes. Wrought Pipe and Wrought Tubing, Vertical Tube, 3 Rows Tubes. 1' ##: Wrought Pipe and Wrought Tubing, Vertical Tube, 4 Rows Tubes. Wrought Pipe and-Wrought Tubing, Vertical Tube. 5 Rows Tubes. * Wrought Pipe and Wrought Tubing, Vertical Tube, 6 Rows Tubes. Railing Fittings, Brass and Malleable Iron. Reducers, Brass. This information supplements that on pages 4, 7, 167 to 182 534 List of Products "KEWANEE" Reducers, Cast Iron. Casing. Eccentric. * Flanged. " Galvanized. " Malleable, Beaded and Plain. a Offset, Eccentric. " Standard and Extra Heavy. * Taper, Flanged. Reducing Fittings, Brass, Cast Iron and Malleable. * i .ev/o Bushings. * Cast Iron Companion Flanges, Standard and Extra Heavy. * " " Crosses, Flanged. * * Double Branch Elbows. ' '.* ',-, " Tees, Standard and Extra Heavy. * " * 90 Degree Y Branches, Tee Pat- tern. * " " " Branch 90 Degree Y Branch. * " * * Branch Tees, Standard and Extra Heavy. * * " 90 Degree Y Branches, Tee Pat- tern. oiA?/ l c*rf$v. * " oo Degree Long Turn Y Branches, Tee Pattern. * * " Elbows, Flanged, Standard and Extra Heavy. * " " Elbows, Screwed, Standard and Extra Heavy. J ,|nrd iT fei- " Flanges. " * Four-Way Tees, Flanged. * T'fii: " Laterals, Flanged, Standard and Extra Heavy. * * Side Outlet Elbows, Flanged, Standard and Extra Heavy. " Single Sweep Tees, Flanged, Standard and Extra Heavy. " -T*iisi."" Taper Elbows, Flanged, Standard and Extra Heavy. / *nid * * Tee9 Flanged and Screwed, Standard and Extra Heavy. * it'te-" Tees, Casing. * * Twin Elbows. * " Y Branches, Flanged, Standard and Extra Heavy. This information supplements that on pages k, 7, 167 to 18% List of Products "KEWANEE" 535 Reducing Cast Iron Y Branches, Double 45 Degree. " Crosses, Brass. * u Casing. * Elbows, Brass. " Casing. " Malleable Couplings. Regrinding Valves, "N. T. C.", Globe, Angle and Check, Brass. Return Bends, Brass, Cast and Malleable Iron. Back Outlet. * Beaded, Medium and Open. " * Car Heater. * " Casing. Close, Plain. " Galvanized. Open and Flat Back. Pitched. " a Screwed, Standard and Extra Heavy. Wide Pattern. Rod Couplings, Drill. Malleable. " u Wood. " Sockets, Pump. Roof Connections. Running Traps. Saddle Flanges, Cast Iron. Saddles, Steam Pipe, Malleable. Safety Valves, Brass, Brass Disc. * " Jenkins Disc,"N.T.C.", Angle and Cross. " Iron Body. * " Low Pressure, Ball Weighted. Screws, Long. Sheet Brass, Perforated for Single Screen Drive Well Points. Shoes, Drive, Malleable. Sockets, Pump Rod. Sprinkler Fittings. " Valves. Stands, Laundry Coil. Steam Fittings, Brass, Wrought Pipe Size. Strainers, Artesian Well. " Large Irrigation. Suction Pipe. Stuffing Boxes, Brass. Swing Check Valves, Brass. Iron Body, Horizontal and Vertical. Swing Check Valves, "KEWANEE" Union. Syphons, Steam Gauge. This information supplements that on pages k> 1, 167 to 536 List of Products "KEWANEE" Tees, Brass, Rough and Finished. " Cast Iron, Branch. u " " Car Heater. "**i.--.* Casing. * " " Circulation. a " " Double Sweep, Flanged. " " " Eccentric. * " " Flanged, Side Outlet. " 4- Way Flanged. " " " Long Sweep, Screwed. Turn, Screwed. * " * Screwed and Flanged. " u u Single Sweep, Flanged. "=** Standard and Extra Heavy. u Malleable, Beaded and Plain, Screwed. u " Drop. TV^H " " Male and Female. " " Eccentric. 4- Way. * " Hydraulic. "KEWANEE" Union. " " Long Drop. " Railing. " * Service. " " with Male Branch. " " Side Outlet. 8 u Railing. " Union. Traps, Running. " Steam. Tuyere Cocks, 3- Way, Brass, Heavy. Union Bends. Boiler Couplings, "KEWANEE." " Angle Valves, " KEWANEE." " Elbows, "KEWANEE." Malleable. a Radiator. u Gate Valves, "KEWANEE." " Globe Valves, "KEWANEE." a Service Cocks, " KEWANEE." " Swing Check Valves, " KEWANEE." " Tees, "KEWANEE." * * Malleable. Unions, Brass, Finished. u Flange, Hydraulic. " ' u Rough. This information supplements that on pages 4, 7, 167 to 182 List of Products "KEWANEE" 537 Unions, Brass, Octagon. * Cast Iron, Flange. ..* "NATIONAL." " A.vftL " U Oil Country. " a With Lip. Malleable Flange. Hydraulic. "KEWANEE." Two-thirds. "KEWANEE" Air Drill. " Pump. Eccentric. " Extra Heavy. Flange. Hexagon. Hose. Hydraulic. Male and Female. Octagon. Round End. Valves, Brass. u Acid. * Air. * Blast Furnace. " Check. Adjustable. bn Horizontal. with Drip Cock. " Jenkins Disc, "N. T. C." "N. T. C." Regrinding. Swing. "KEWANEE "Union. Vertical. Coke Oven. Cross. rmrtS 31 " Handle. " " a with Slip Joint. " Gate. " Globe. * * Hose. , | a n, f Jenkins Disc, "N. T. C." 3 J02 ; f^ ock and Snield Natural Gas. * " "N. T. C." Regrinding. " Needle Point. This information supplements that on pages k, 7, 167 to 188 538 List of Products "KEWANEE" Valves, Brass, Radiator. Air * :>IliA Corner, Offset. Gate, with "KEWANEE" Union. 3kUriJi Hot Water. Special, with "KEWANEE" Union. ' and Shield. 00 " " 4-"\>? u " with Union. " " u u 7rH$ without Union. " Safety. " ?jr. Double Disc, N. R. S., Screwed. " N. R. S.; O. S. & Y.; Screwed or Flanged. * " a Electrically Operated. " " " " for Wood Pipe. " Gear Operated. * " " " Half-Rising Stem. " Hub End, N. R. S. " and Spigot, N. R. S. " " " " Hydraulic. " " " " Matheson Joint. ...+ 'A : 3P - : ,K >,p- N R g Double Disc. '.c. a$tij$yi ,lii*jflc Spigot End. . iftf^im^.; - Wedge Disc. * ; *^ - ^ with By-pass. * O. S. & Y. Double Disc. This information supplements that on pages 4, 1, 167 to 182 List of Products "KEWANEE" 539 Valves, Iron Body, Gate, O. S. & Y. Spigot End. ,*LtaMffl Wedge. jdT . ^"7 V/ with By-pass. r " ?ir "' Quick Opening. a Screwed. Swing Check. Underwriters' Indicator, Double Disc. " * " " Underwriters' Indicator, O. S. & Y. Wedge Disc. " * * * with Spur or Bevel Gear. " " " " Union, Blast Furnace. " Yoke. " " Globe and Angle. a " a Brass Mounted, Screwed, and Flanged. " " " Brass Mounted, "N.T.C." Jenkins Disc. " Brass Mounted, Plain. " " " Brass Mounted, with Yoke. " " " " " Screwed and Flanged. u with "N. T. C." Jenkins Disc. " Radiator Air. " * Corner, Offset. Gate, with " KEWANEE " Union. Hot Water. Special with " KEWANEE " Union. " a "N.T.C." J. D. with Lock and Shield. " f3$$ " Union. " ilo7 liliftii without Union. " " a w ith or without Union. " with or without Union. u Safety, Weight and Lever, Brass. *$/i jWSftnfi * Iron Body. Sprinkler. Wall Plates, Malleable. Washer Keys, Malleable. Points, Wrought. Waste Nuts, Malleable. Water Columns, Cast Iron. " Fittings, Long Sweep, Cast Iron. Gate Valves, Iron Body. " Pipe Clamps, Malleable. " Saddles, Malleable. This information supplements that on pages it, T, 167 to 182 540 List of Products "KEWANEE" Well Cylinders, Eureka Tubular. " .aIV/ Tubular, Brass Lined . 9 ifci; Wrought, Tubular. u Points, Brass Jacket. * a Drive and Well Supplies. a u Extension or Open End. * * Flush or Tubular. " " Large Size. " " Railroad. a " " " Waterworks, .ifik) I3V98 Pen Center Banner. * " Scott Perfection. B * Single Screen. Washer. Valves, Tubular. bosiijjra iSis Al1 Brass Spool Poppet. Wheels and Handles for Brass Valves, niainsl tf for Iron Body Valves. Wire Cloth, Brass, New and Renovated. Wrenches for Steam and Gas Cocks, Malleable. Lock Shield Air Cocks. Wrought Fittings. * Couplings. * " Car Heater. u * Casing. Drill Rod. ,n " Long Screw and Followers. Sleeve Tubing. " Nipples. * a Casing. " Tube Radiators. u Tubular Well Cylinders, Barrel Only. a a a Complete. Y Bends, Brass, Cast and Malleable Iron. " * Casing. " Branches, Cast Iron, Flanged, Standard and Extra Heavy. * * * Reducing. * Screwed. * * Malleable, Double, Screwed. * * u Parallel Banded. * Valves, Brass, "Eurema." " " " "N. T. C." Jenkins Disc. * * * Special Pattern. * Iron Body. a "Eurema." Y's, Casing. This information supplements that on pages b 7, 167 to 18% Uses of "NATIONAL" Pipe 541 USES OF "NATIONAL" PIPE To many people pipe is just "pipe" a product used for conveying gases and liquids from one point to another. While it is true that a large proportion of the pipe in use at the present time is used for these pur- poses, still, the number of uses for pipe in the mechanical field is exceed- ingly large, and is rapidly increasing. .ilsW liO * The list of a number of uses of "NATIONAL" Pipe which follows is not complete, but is fairly representative of the varied uses of "NATIONAL" Pipe. .. Accessories for Air and Electric Drills. Acid Piping. Agricultural Implements Air Brake Pipes, Compressors, Inter Coolers. " Conductors. * Distributing Apparatus. u Drills. " Drums. u Lines. u Pumps. a Shafts. Ammonia Coils. u Cylinders. Anhydrous. u Lines. Anhydrous Ammonia Cylinders. Animal Cages. Apparatus, Air Distributing. Dry Kiln. Gymnasium. * Ice Making. Play Grounds. Steam Gauge Testing* Arc Light Supports. Arch Pipes. Automobile Exhaust Pipes, * Gear Shifts. Manufacture of. Awning Brackets. " Frames. .:. ^-.i-.Pipe, Manufacture of. Axles. " for Newspaper Rolls, simem^ Baby Carriages. Baker-Heater Pipes. Balcony Railings. Barrels, Blasting. Beams, Brake. Bed Steads. " u Frames for. " a Manufacture of Beer Coolers. Beet Toppers. Bell Cord Protecting Pipe Bends, Steam. Bicycles, Manufacture of. Blast Furnace Bustle Pipes. Blasting Barrels. Blower Pipe. Blowing Engines. Boiler Tubes. Bolts, Foundation. Box Coils. Braces, for Structural Work. Bracket, Awnings. Coils. Brake Beams. Bridge Pipe, Locomotive. Building, Columns. a Construction. Bushings. This information supplements that on page 7 542 Uses of "NATIONAL" Pipe Cages, Animal. Candelabra. Carriages, Baby. Cars, Elevator Casing. " Dog Guard. boSor. for Elevator Plungers. Catchers, Cow. Cement Conveyors. Chain Supports for Subway Cars. Chairs, Invalid. Chandeliers. " Electric. Gas. Chemical Conveyors. Chutes for Scrap Metal. Clay Transmission Lines, Clothes Reels. Coils. " Ammonia. a Box. a Bracket. " Condenser. " Conductor. " Heater. " Heating, for Mine Service. Columns for Buildings. " Pump. Condenser Coils. * Tubes for Sugar Re- fineries. " " " Various Pur- poses. Conductor, Air. Conduit. " Electrical " Insulation. Connecting Rods. Construction, Building. Conveyors, Cement. Chemical. Coolers, Ice. Cooling Systems, Gas Engine. Cores. Cots. Cow Catchers. Cups, Thermometer. Cyanide Process for Refining Metals. /-> f J Cylinders. a for Anhydrous Ammonia. u Elevator Plungers. " Oxygen. Cylinders, Loom. Oil Well. * Pneumatic Tools. Dead Rollers. Die Stock Handles. Diggers, Post Hole. 8 Potato. Discharging Pipe for Condensers on Steam Lines. Distance Pieces in Mine Railwork Dollies, Timber. Drain Pipes. Drainage Lines. Dredge Discharge Lines Drill Pipe. * Rods. Drills, Air. Drilled Wells. Drinking Water Systems Drive Pipe. 8 Well Points. Driven Wells. Dry Kiln Apparatus. Dry Pipes. Electric Conduit. " Dynamo Supports. a Heaters. " Light Supports. a Line Poles. a Motor Frames. " Sign Supports. " Signal Supports. " Truck Frames. " and Air Drill Accessories. Elevator Cars and Grill Work. This information supplements that on page 7 Uses of "NATIONAL" Pipe 543 Elevator Casing for Plungers. " Grain Spouts. " Plungers. Engine Supports in Automobiles. Exhaust Pipes. Expansion Pipes. Farming Implements. Feed Pipe, Intercooling. a Line on Gas Stoves. Fence Posts. Fences, Ornamental. u Tennis Court. Fenders, Car. Fire Escape Work. Fishing Rods. Flag Poles. Flush Tubing. Foot Rails. Foundation Bolts. Frames, Agricultural. a Awning. Bed Stead. " Electric Signs. u Trucks. " Gymnasium. * Machinery. " Mattress. " Play Grounds. " Reading Stand. " Wheelbarrow. Work Bench. " Gas Chandeliers. " Conductor. " Engine Cooling Systems. 11 Fixtures. " Lines. " Stoves. " a Feed Line. * " Railing. Gasoline Lines. Gates " Ornamental. Grain Spouts, in Elevators. Grape Vine Trellis. Grill and Elevator Work. Grip Pipe. Guard Rails. Guards, Window. Gymnasium Apparatus. Hammers, Steam. Hand Rails. Handles. * Die Stock. * Lever. Shovel. Hawser. Pipe for Boats. Headers. Heater Coils. Heaters, Electric " Instantaneous. Heating Systems. * Coils for Mine Service. Heavy Railing. Hitching Posts. Hollow Shafts. Hospital Furniture. Hot Air Furnaces. Hydraulic Discharge Pipe. * Ram Casing. a Transmission Lines. Hydro Electric Power Transmission Lines. Ice Making Apparatus Coolers. Implements, Farming. Instantaneous Heaters. Inter Coolers, Air Compressors. Invalid Chairs. Irrigation Systems. '; viurjjSiua.i*lSi .eofoT-' Jacks, Manufacture of. Jail Windows and Doors. Kiln Dry, Apparatus. This information supplements that on page 7 544 Uses of "NATIONAL" Pipe Ladder Rungs. Ladders. Lamp Brackets. Posts. Lathes, Manufacture of. Lever Rods for Jump Saw*. " Handles. Line Pipe. Lines* Air. " Ammonia. " Clay Transmission. * Discharge. u Drainage. * Dredge. " Hydraulic Transmission Lines, Phosphate Rock Transmis- sion. * Sewerage. " Steam. " Water. " ,.r^ f r Sprinkling in Dusty Mines. Live Rollers in Lumber Mills. Locomotive Bridge Pipes. Sand Pipes. Loom Cylinders. .et>C Lunch Counter Stools. Machinery Frames. Mandrels. Manufacture of Automobiles. " " Bed Steads. " " Bicycles. " " Motorcycles. Masts. u Warship. Mattress Frames. Mines, Pneumatic Signals for. Motorboat Exhaust Pipes. Motorcycles, Manufacture of. Newspaper Axle Rolls. Novelties. Nipples. Office Railings. Oil Lines. " Well Casing. .WiH Cylinders. * * Drive Pipe. " " Rotary Drive Pipe. " Tubing, Ornamental Fixtures. Work for Light Poles. Paint Lines. Paper Cores. Partitions. Phosphate Rock Transmission Lines. Piano Movers' Rollers. Piling for Piers Pillars. Pipe. Acid. ' Air Brake ' Arch. eJao'T smO - tfluohsA Baker-Heater. u Blast Furnace Bustle. * Blower. \ Drain ' .mui8 Drill. ' Drv - ' Exhaust. ' Expansion. " Locomotive Bridge. " Motorboat Exhaust. " Protection for Bell Cords. u Racks. " Stands. Piston Rods. "of Shot Gun on Lum- ber Carriages. Play Ground Apparatus. Plumbing Systems. Plungers. u Casing. a Elevator. Pneumatic Signal System for Mines. " Tool Cylinders. Points, Drive Well. This information supplements that on page >1 ^ Uses of "NATIONAL" Pipe 545 Poles. " Electric Lighting. " Flag. " Power Transmission. " Railway Signal. " Telegraph. " Telephone. " Traction. " Transmission. " Wireless Telegraph. Post Hole Diggers. Posts, Fence. Sign. Potato Diggers. Power Plants. Printing Press Rollers. Protecting Pipe for Bell Cords. " Tubes for Pyrometers. Pump Columns. " Handles. Pump Plungers. " Set. Pumps. " Air. Pyrometer Protecting Tubes. Racks, Display for Clothing, etc. Radiators. Ra^oS Tell Tables. Railings for Balconies. Office. Rails, Foot. " Hand. IteW hd on Gas Stoves. Railway Signal Poles. Rods. Ram Casing, Hydraulic. Reels, Clothes. Refrigerating Systems. Refineries. Refining; Cyanide Process. Retorts. Rocker Frames for Rocker Lumber Saws. Rods. " Connecting. " Drill. " Fishing. boK. S'Lever. ." -'Railway Signal. " Sucker. Rollers, Dead. u Heavy-weight. " Moving. " Piano Movers'. Rolls, Newspaper Axle. Rotary Pipe. Rotary Drive Pipe. Rungs. " Ladder. Runners for Sleighs. o f T^ -jia'S QiiJ.'wIH " Safe Ends. Sand Pipes for Locomotives. Scrap Metal Chutes. Sewerage Lines. Shafting. Shafts. - Hollow. - Pulley. Shovel Handles. Sign Posts. Signal Apparatus. " Interlocking. " Pneumatic, for Mines. " Poles. Rods. * Towers. Signals, Railroad. Sign, Electric, Supports for. " Posts. Size Rings (for driving down wood piling). Sleeves. Socket Wrenches. Speaking Tubes. Spokes for Wheels. Spouts, Grain, in Elevators. Sprinkler Systems. yi .&rt'< for Dusty Mines. This information supplements that on page 7 546 Uses of "NATIONAL" Pipe Stanchions. Stand Pipes. Steam Bends. " Conductors. " Feed Valves Connecting Rod for Lumber Carriage. " Gauge Testing Apparatus. u Hammers. * Lines. Stools for Lunch Counters. Stoves, Manufacture of. Strainers. Structural Work Braces. Sucker Rods. Superheater Calorimeter Parts. Supporting Rods for Water Meter. Supports for Chimneys. u u Dynamos. u u Electric Signs. Tables. Systems, * Drinking Water. * Fire Protection. " Gas Engine Cooling. * Heating. " Irrigation. " Plumbing. " Pneumatic Signal for Mines. " Refrigerating. " Sewerage. Signal. Sprinkler. u Vacuum. Water. Table Supports. Tanks. Telegraph Poles. Telephone Poles. Turn Tables, Railroad. Tennis Court Fences. Thermometer Cups. Timber Dollies. Tools, Pneumatic Cylinders for. Toppers, Beet. Towers, Signal. " Transmission Line. Windmill. Transmission Lines. - Clay. " " Electric. " * Hydraulic. " " Power. " " Towers. Trolley Poles. Trucks, Frames for Electric. Trunks, Manufacture of. Tubes, Boiler. * Condenser, for Sugar Re- fineries. .i^r i Pyrometer Protecting. a Speaking. Tubing, Flush. Tubular Poles. Turnstiles. Tuyere Pipes. Vacuum Systems. .eqmu'I *1 191 Warship Masts. Water Conductors. Water Drinking Systems. * Lines. " Meter Supporting Rods. Well Points. a Drive. * Casing. Wells, Drilled. " Driven. Wheel Barrow Frames. * Handles. u Spokes. Windmill Towers. Window Guards. Wireless Telegraph Apparatus. Poles. odifmJ }Bo*& Towers. Wrenches, Socket. This information supplements that on page 7 Uses of "SHELBY" Seamless Steel Tubing 547 SOME USES OF "SHELBY" SEAMLESS STEEL TUBING Adjustable Lamp Supports. Agricultural Implements. Air Compressors. " Drums. * Hammer Barrels. Arbors for Revolving Paper Slitters. Armature Shaft Sleeves. Automatic Battens for Ribbon Loom. Automobile Parts. Axles. * Coils. " Engines, Manufacture of. Axles of All Kinds. i ' Almond Drill Chuck. Airships. Animal Cages. Artificial Limbs. Automatic Piano Players. " Ice Cream Freezers. Baby Carriages, Manufacture of. Balcony Railing. Ball Bearings. Bearing Cages. Sleeves. " Retainers. Barrel Drills. Bedsteads, Manufacture of. Beer Cooling Tubes. Bicycles, Manufacture of. Bicycle Hangers. " Pumps. Blow Pipes. Boring Bars. a Bar Spindles. Braces. Brush Machinery, Manufacture of. Burial Devices, Manufacture of. Burner Pipes. Burners, Automobiles. Bushings. Brick Cutting Drills for Electric and Telephone Work. Bushings for Carrying Idle Rolls. Bends on Steam Pipe. Boiler Tubes. Butter Cutters. Bulb, Electric, Manipulators. Button Cutters. Bowling Pin Setters. Bologna Sausage Stuffing Machines. Bicycle Repair Work. " Hubs. Book Stacks. Bottle Washing Machine, Manu- facture of. Bells. Carbonic Acid Gas Cylinders. Card Grinders. Carriage Trimmings. Cash Cups for Cash Carriers. * " Registers, Manufacture of. Casting Machine Bushings. Cloth Singeing Machinery, Manu- facture of. Coaster Brakes. Coils. Collars. Condensers, Manfacture of. Conducting Tubes. Construction of Concrete Molds. Core Barrels. " Machine Dies. Cream Separator Bowls. Curling Irons. Cycle Motors, Manufacture of. This information supplements that on page 548 Uses of "SHELBY" Seamless Steel Tubing Chimes. Cigar Cutters. Cutting Punches. Church Truck. Car Wheels, Guide Frames. Clothes Driers. Cigarette Machine. Carbureters. Conduits, Manufacture of. Cars, Manufacture of. Coffee Mills, Electric. Couches, Manufacture of. Crucible Melting Pots. Candy Molds, Chocolate. Cylinders, Air Hoist. a Shipping Container. ^niiTjfif Anhydrous Ammonia. Dental Chairs, Manufacture of. " Engines, Manufacture of. Diamond Drill Rods. Die Stock Handles. Draw Bars for Bench Lathes. Drills, Manufacture of. * for Air Hammer Rock Drills. Drill Rods. " Shanks. Drive Point Hose Nozzles. Dyeing Machines, Manufacture of. Draughting Tools. Drill Feed, Manufacture of. Dash Pots. Eccentric Rods. Electric Soldering Irons. Elevators, Manufacture of. Elevator Cars, Manufacture of. " Enclosures, Manufacture of. Plungers. Emery Wheel Dressers. Engine Lathes, Manufacture of. Evaporators, Manufacture of. Exhaust on Gasoline Motors. " Pipes. Embalming Couches, Manufacture of. Expansion Pulleys, Manufacture of. " Pulley Rings. Electric Fans. Embalming Needles. Electric Lamp Machinery, Manu- facture of, Feed Bars for Mining Machines. u Nuts. * Water Heaters, Manufacture of. Fire Engines, Manufacture of. Fleece Rollers for Knitting Mills. Front and Rear Axle Housing. Fishing Rods, Telescopic. Flag Staffs and Masts. Fountain Pens. Fiber Tubes. Floor Sanding and Polishing Ma- chines. Filing Devices. Filters, Manufacture of. Forms, Rubber Hose. Forks, Manure and Hay. Forgings, Substitute for. Gas Arc Lamps. a and Electric Fixtures. u Burner Thimbles. " Coils. " Making Machinery, Condens- ers on. Pipes. Gauge Bodies. Gear Blank Sleeves. Blanks. '. r rfainH Generator Sleeves. This information supplements that on page Uses of "SHELBY" Seamless Steel Tubing 549 Gin Saw Filing Machine Rods. Go-Carts, Manufacture of. Governor Spring Tubes. Gun Barrels. " Carriages. Gas Engine Cylinders. " Main Stoppers. Grinder, Sample, Hand. Governors, Manufacture of. Gun Barrel Drills. Gravity Carriers. Grilles, Bank Vaults. Gas Producer, Manufacture of. Gongs. Golf Clubs. Hames, Fire Department. Hand Extractors. Handles. Handle Bars. Harvesters, Manufacture of. Hay Presses, Manufacture of. Heaters, Manufacture of. Heater Coils. . Hollow Axles. * Drills. " Piston Rods. Shafts. Horse Clipping Machines. " Powers, Manufacture of. Hose Nozzles. Poles. Hydraulic Dies. Gauge Tubes. Jack Tubes. a Swivels. a 9 ft^ Hypodermic Needles. Hand Railings. Hubs for Hospital Carriages. Hammer Drills, Manufacture of. Invalid Chairs, Manufacture of. Jacks, Manufacture of. Jack Spools. Kerosene Burner, Vaporizer Tubes. Knife Handles. Knurled Nuts for Pipe Wrenches. Knitting Machines, Manufacture of. .....*. r . Machine Cylinders. i Lamps, Manufacture of. Lamp Tube Supports. Lap Pins for Spinning Mills. Lathes, Manufacture of. Lathe Plungers. " Spindles. * Torch Tops. Laundry Machinery, Manufacture of. Lever Shafts. Light Inspection Cars. Loom Shuttle Bars. Loose Leaf Devices, Manufacture of. Ladder Rungs, Fire. Lawn Mowers. Machine Tools. Magazine Nipples. a Tools, Manufacture of. Mandrels. Models. Motorcycles, Manufacture of. Motor Cylinders. * Shafts on Vehicle Motors. Music Racks. Metal Furniture. Mortars, Fireworks. Moving Picture Apparatus. Merry-go-rounds. Moving Picture Machine Stands. Monotypes. This information supplements that on page 14 550 Uses of "SHELBY" Seamless Steel Tubing Marine Boilers. Mill Machinery, Lath and Shingle. Napping Machinery Rolls. Novelties, Manufacture of. Office Railing. Oil Tank Spouting. " Tubes for Engine Lathes. " " u Machinery and Pul- leys. Well Boilers. Ornamental Iron Work. Operating Tables, Manufacture of. Paper Hangers' Straight Edges. u Spool Holders. Pipe Wrenches. Pipes, Ammonia. Piston Rods. Platen Cores. Plunger Elevators, Manufacture of. Plungers for Lathes. u u Machines. Pneumatic Hoist Cylinders. Tubes. Polishing Rolls. Post Hole Augers. Posts for Wire Machine. Power Drill Parts. Printers' Rolls. Printing Presses, Manufacture of. Press Rolls. Prison Cell Door Hangers. Pruning Knife Handles. Pump Plungers. Pumping Machinery, Manufacture of. Paper Cutters. Phonographs, Manufacture of. Piston Rod on Steam Feed Cylin- ders. Pyrometers. Pole Props. Pantagraph Trolleys. Picker Rolls. Peanut Picking Machines. Plug Cutter. Pump Cylinders. Perforating Machines, Manufac- ture of. Racks, Cake. Railroad Cycle Velocipedes, Manu- facture of. Ratchet Braces. a Brace Collars. Handles. Re-enforcement in Baseball Bats. Retorts. Rifling Rods. Road Rollers, Manufacture of. Rollers for Gravity Carriers. Roller Bearings. " Bearing Axles. * Axle Bushings. u Casing. * Hub Bushings. * " Skein and Bore Covers. * Shelving. Racing Boat Outriggers. Rollers to Carry Vanner Belts. Rods on Steam Cylinders. Rails, Caissons and Limbers. Roller Skates. Refrigerating Machinery. Rubber Tubing, Manufacture of. Rifle Magazine'. * Shanks. Reach Rods. Reeling Machines. Rake, Hay. Racks, Display. Refrigerators, Manufacture of. This information supplements that on page 14 Uses of "SHELBY" Seamless Steel Tubing 551 Sand Pumps. Saw Mills, Manufacture of. Scientific and Engineering Instru- ments, Manufacture of. Screw Drivers, Manufacture of. a Machinery Spindles. a a Manufacture of. Seal Mechanism Covers. Self Hardening Steel Tool Holders. Shaft Collars. a Covers. Shingle Sawing Machinery, Manu- facture of. Shrapnel Cases. Shuttle Bars for Looms. Signal Apparatus, Manufacture of. Silk Warping Machinery, Manu- facture of. Sleeves and Nuts for Bit, Length- ening Attachment. Sockets. Speed Wagons, Manufacture of. Spinning Spindle Caps. Steam Feed Piston Rods. " Rollers, Manufacture of. Steering Handles. " and Operating Lever Shafts. Stop Motions. Store Fixtures. Stoves, Manufacture of. Street Rollers, Manufacture of. Sulkies, Manufacture of. Superheaters, Manufacture of. Syringes, Manufacture of. Sand Blast Hose Nozzles. Socket Wrenches. Spokes for Wagon Wheels. Spindles for Steam Governors. Steering Rods. Signals, Release. Soap Molds. Sliding Poles, Tirehouse. Sewing Machines. Steam Shovels. Shaft and Pole Shifters. Safe Locks. Shafts for Agitators. Tanks, Manufacture of. Telescopes. Telescope Dust Tubes. Threaded Bushings or Steering and Operating Lever Shafts. Tools, Diamond Drilling. Towel Rack Rods. Traction Engines, Manufacture of. Tricycles, Manufacture of. Trocars. Trolley Poles. Tubular Turnbuckles. Typewriters, Manufacture of. Toy Pistol Barrels. Trapeze Apparatus. Thimble Roller Chain. Torpedo Construction. Telephone Instruments. Tempering Pots. Umbrella Rods. Valves, Manufacture of. Vaporizing Coil. Vise Screw Collars. Vacuum Cleaner Nozzles. a House Cleaning Machin- ery. Valve Stems. Wagon and Gas Connections. Weaving Machine Spindles. Walking Canes. Wall Paper Rolls. Wireless Telegraph Instruments. Washing Machines. Working Barrels, Manufacture of. Warp Beams. Water Gun. Wagon Wheel Rims. This information supplements that on page 14 552 Threading bus .Bill 3 of.*: Jnairi .-GfbsM li3 II 1158 THREADING lo 6it;t'^lijnr>14,,8^nian: i -nirbeM sniwcB 6laniri8 No additional information on the subject of Pipe Threading and Pipe Threading Dies is incorporated in this appendix. ?I [K J;,*J !<-' yilJlOBUmsM ,F.n. A series of "NATIONAL" Bulletins containing tech- nical data on such subjects as Threading, Corrosion, Processes of Manufacture, etc., have already been published by National Tube Company. These "NATIONAL" Bulletins are revised and enlarged whenever supplementary information is obtained, and each new edition is thus made up-to-date in technical data. "NATIONAL" Bulletin No. 6, which covers the sub- ject of Threading, will be sent to anyone upon request to the General Offices at Pittsburgh, or to any of the District Offices, list of which appears on page 5. nrrfosM snrm>iJ aaifoH ujjofcYbrisl 'Ofilwn&l/N |>I 930H i8lS ^a-UisifeflJSiW 3; &$tuO an'- -> .ebo.H SJ .98>;sl9>J ,{ .\o stutea}',-'. . >oY7 vfl'tfO ^JfiW Rack yaiws^ Refrigerators, Manulabwria^m^^ s information supplements th#t on Corrosion 553 CORROSION OF IRON AND STEEL GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY The following is a selection of the more important articles on the Corro- sion of Iron and Steel, taken from the very valuable and complete Bib- liography ol Metal Corrosion and Protection published by the Carnegi* Library of Pittsburgh. The following abbreviations have been used: Diag. diagrams. p page. Dr. drawings. pi. plate. 111. illustrations. v. volume. 1 ^ aO n. d. no date. w. words. :11 ^' n. s. new seriea. RELATIVE CORROSIONS Eraser, Alexander G. Relative rates of corrosion of acid and basic steel. 16 p. Folding pi. 1007. (In Journal of the West of Scotland Iron and Steel Institute, v. 14, p. 82.) Discussion, p. 112. 20 p. The same, condensed. 1,600 w. (In Iron Age, v. 79, p. 1196.) Tests in air, rivtr water, Fait water, and sulphuric acid. TT TT TUT Howe, Henry M. Relative cortosion of wrought-iron and steel. 5,600 w. 1895. (la Mineral Industry, v. 4, p. 429.) The same, condensed. 1,600 w. (In Journal of the Iron and Steel Insti- tute, v. 50, p. 427.) Gives results both from laboratory experiments and from actual indus- trial use. Relative corrosion of wrought-iron, soft steel, and nickel steel. 1,500 w. Dr. igoo. (In Engineering and Mining Journal, v. 70, p. 188.) Relative corrosion of wrought-iron and steel. 1,800 w. Dr. 1906. (In Proceedings of the American Society for Testing Materials, v. 6, P- 155 ) Discussion, 7,000 w. The same, condensed. 1,300 w. (In American Machinist, v. 29, p. 49.) The same, condensed. (In Engineering Magazine, v. 31, p. 750.) The same, condensed. (In Industrial World, v. 40, p. 228.) The same, condensed, (in Iron Age, v. 77, p. 2047.) Rapid corrosion of steel in many instances may be due to the inferior quality of the steel. Gruner Recherches sur 1'oxydabilite relative des fontes, des aciers et des fers doux. 1,000 w. 1883. (In Comptes rendus des Seances de 1'Acade- mie des Sciences, v. 96, p. 195.) This information supplements that on pages 12, IS, 106, 275-277 554 Corrosion Ko smarm, B. Ueber die corrosion von flusa- und schweisseisen und tiber den zerfall von legirungen. 2,100 w. 1893. (In Stahl und Eisen, v. 13, pi. x, p. 149.) The same, condensed. (In Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute, v. 43, P. 399-) Difference in resistance to corrosion of ingot and weld is held to be due entirely to difference in their chemical composition. Parker, William. On the relative corrosion of iron and steel. 11,200 w. Dr. 1881. (In Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute, v. 18, p. 39.) Effects of exposure in air, in sea-water, in marine boilers, etc. Fillips, David. On the comparative endurance of iron and mild steel when exposed to corrosive influences. 25 p. Dr. 1881. (In Minutes of Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, v. 65, p. 73.) Discussion, 40 p. Considers admiralty tests and tests by the author indicating greater re- sistance to corrosion of iron. Rudeloff, M. Bericht iiber vergleichende untersuchungen von schweiaseisen und fluss- risen auf widerstand gegen rosten. 125 p. 111. 1902. (In Mitt- heilungen aus den Koniglichen Technischen Versuchsantalten, v. 20, P. 83.) The same, condensed. 4,000 w. (In Stahl und Eisen, v. 23, p. 384.) The same, abstract. 1,500 w. (In Journal of the Iron and Steel Insti- tute, v. 63, p. 713.) Extensive experiments on the relative resistance to corrosion of wrought- iron and steel, considering the effect of different conditions and coat- ings and giving the relative corrosive action of various agencies. Speller, Frank N. Puddled iron versus soft steel. 2,200 w. 111. 1905. (In Iron Age, v. 75, p. 1666. 1881.) Claims equal resistance of iron and steel to corrosion, in reply to state- ments of Roe. Corrosion of iron and steel. 900 w. 1907. (In Proceedings of the En- gineers' Society of Western Pennsylvania, v. 22, p. 472.) The same. (In Iron Age, v. J9 . p. 478.) Discussion, 1,800 w. Gives results of tests showing steel to be superior to wrought-iron. This information supplements that on pages 12, IS, 106, 275-277 Corrosion 555 CORROSION IN SEA-WATER . ; - ^ /0 ^ w u] * btta -^ ' fic V; ' 4 ^ Q ^ r - Andrews, Thomas. On galvanic action between wrought-iron, cast metals, and various steels during long exposure in sea- water. 5,000 w. 111. 1884. (In Minutes of Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, v. 77, P- 323.) Corrosion of metals during long exposure in sea-water. 7,500 w. 111. 1885. (In Minutes of Proceedings of the Institution of Civil En- gineers, v. 82, p. 281.) _ ' Diegel, H. Einiges iiber die korrosion der metalle im seewasser. 95 p. Folding pi. 1903. (In Verhandlungen des Vereins zur Beforderung dea Gewerbfleisses, v. 82, p. 91.) The same, condensed. 4,500 w. (In Zeitschrift des Vereines Deutscher Ingenieure, v. 47, p. 1122.) The same, abstract. 400 w. (In Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute, v. 65, p. 677.) Extensive experiments lead author to claim that impure metals do not corrode in salt water faster than pure metals. Foreign elements In- troduced were phosphorus and nickel. Farquharson, J. Corrosive effects of steel on iron in salt water. 4,800 w. 1882. (In Transactions of the Institution of Naval Architects, v. 23, p. 143.) Experiments indicating that contact of iron and steel should be avoided. Discussion. Johnstone, George. Notes on the serious deterioration of steel vessels from the effects of corrosion. 7 p. 1901. (In Transactions of the Institution of En- gineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland, v. 45, p. 71.) Discussion, 28 p. Especially on corrosion of internal parts of vessels and on vessels in the tropics. Lidy. Note sur 1'alteration des metaux par 1'eau de mer. 2,200 w. 111. 1897. (In Annales des ponts et chaussees, memoires, ser. 7, v. 14, 36 trl- mestre, p. 338.) The same, condensed. 900 w. (In Engineering News, v. 39, p. 85.) Describes condition of metals after exposure to the action of sea-water for several hundred years. Mallet, Robert. On the corrosion and fouling of iron ships. 60 p. 1872. (In Trans- actions of the Institution of Naval Architects, v. 13, p. 0c ) Discussion, 10 p. "Catalogue oi British patent inventions," p. 135, 17 p. Thin information supplements that on pages 12, 13, 106, 275-277 556 Corrosion Sabin, Alvah Horton. Experiments on the protection of steel and aluminum exposed to sea- water. 8,000 w. 1896. (In Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, v. 36, p. 483.) Condition of plates with various preservative coatings after six months' immersion in sea-water. Discussion and correspondence. Experiments on the protection of steel and aluminum exposed to water. 5,000 w. 1899. (In Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, v. 43, p. 444.) Continuation of above experiments. Discussion. The same, condensed. (In Engineering News, v. 40, p. 54.) PIPES Committee report on relative corrosion of wrought-iron and steel pipes, 1,600 w. Dr. 111. 1909. (In Plumbers' Trade Journal, v. 14. p. 214.) The same, slightly condensed. 1,300 w. (In Heating and Ventilating Magazine, v. 6, p. 12.) Report to American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers. Tests indicate steel pipe of good quality to be as durable as wrought- iron pipe. Corrosion of pipe in coal mines. 450 w. 111. 1906. (In Iron Age, v. 78, p. 80.) Results showing -superiority of Spellerized steel pipes in the sulphur water of coal mines. Dudley, William L. Effect of coal gas on the corrosion of wrought-iron pipe buried in the earth. 1,100 w. 1908. (In Journal of the American Chemical So- ciety, v. 30, p. 247.) Experiments in earth saturated with coal gas, indicating that amount of corrosion is determined by the chlorin content in the earth. Howe, Freeland, Jr. Action of water on pipes. 5,000 w. 1908. (In Journal of the New England Water Works Association, v. 22, p. 43.) Consideration of the nature of water and of iron pipe and of the elec- trolytic action that takes place. Howe, Henry M. and Stoughton, Bradley. Relative corrosion of steel and wrought-iron tubing. 20 p. 111. 1908. (In Proceedings of the American Society for Testing Materials, v. 8, p. 247.) Discussion, 15 p. The same. (In Industrial World, v. 83, p. 1244.) Believes that modern steel tubing is equal to wrought-iron tubing and that the prejudice against it is due to practical experience with older tubing. This information supplements that on pages 12, 13, 106, 275-277 Corrosion 557 Knudson, Adolphus A. Electrolytic corrosion of the bottom of oil tanks and of other structures. 4,300 w. Dr. 111. 1908. (In Transactions of the American Elec- trochemical Society, v. 14, p. 189.) Discussion, 900 w. Corrosion of oil-tanks thought to be caused by galvanic action set up by the distribution of acid or alkaline electrolytes over the iron sur- face. McAlpine, William J. Corrosion of iron. 1,200 w. 1868. (In Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, v. i, p. 23.) Cites instances of preservation of water-pipes, iron submerged in salt water, etc. _, _. Mason, William P. .: ! .i ,-d bsHgilduq, tehlmniicj j; a..<^i\ .-r.'.-^.}/-:? gnijiioO Action of water upon metals: tanks, pipes, conduits, boilers, etc. 19 p. Dr. 1902. (In his Water Supply, p. 394.) Data compiled from various sources, giving references. Rust in galvanized iron water-service pipe. 6,000 w. 1909. (In Metal Worker, v. 71, March 27, p. 48; April 3, p. 52; April 10, p. 45; April 17, p. 48; April 24, p. 39.) Continued discussion, by letter, in reply to questions by either con- cerning the presence and prevention of corrosion in water-pipe. Siebel, E. P. Pitting of iron, particularly pipe; its causes and possible preventives. 3,000 w. 111. 1909. (In National Engineer, v. 13, p. 192.) Paper before the Chicago section of the Society of Brewing Technology. Regards pitting as due to electrochemical decomposition in the pres- ence of water and dependent upon the homogeneity of the material. Wrought-iron pipe considered more durable than steel pipe. Speller, Frank N. Wrought pipe-threading and relative durability of steel and iron. 3,000 w. Dr. 111. 1905. (In Journal of the Canadian Mining Institute, v. 8, p. 46.) The same. (In Iron Age, v. 75, p. 741.) Review and illustrations of United States Navy Department tests on pitting. Experiments by National Tube Co., showing that, in re- sistence to corrosion, common iron and Bessemer steel are both slightly superior to charcoal iron. GI. ?"py Stewart, A. W. Corrosion in metal pipes on board ship. 6,200 w. 1903. (In Trans- actions of the Institution of Naval Architects, v. 45, p. 183.) The same, abstract. (In Engineer, London, v. 95, p. 374.) Discussion. Considers the action of impurities on the pipes, especially of chlorine and organic impurities. This information supplements that on pages 12, IS, 106, 275-277 558 Corrosion Thomson, T. N. Relative corrosion of vvrought-iron and soft steel pipes. 2,800 w. Dr. 111. iQo8. (In Heating and Ventilating Magazine, v. 5, p. 15.) The same, slightly condensed. 2,500 w. (In Iron Age, v. 81, p. 434.) See also letter by G. Schumann, p. 520. Paper before the American Society of Heating and Ventilating En- gineers. Conclusion from experiments is that "plain steel pipe is more durable than plain wrought-iron pipe when used to convey hot water and subject only to internal corrosion." Wrought-iron pipe versus steel pipe. 1,300 w. Dr. 1908. (In Heat- ing and Ventilating Magazine, v. 5, p. 8.) Contains extracts from a pamphlet published by the Reading Iron Co., claiming that wrought-iron is the more durable. BOILERS Baucke, H. Beitrag zur metallographie des flusseisens. 1,600 w. 111. 1899. (In Baumaterialienkunde, v. 4, p. 349.) The same, in French. (In Baumaterialienkunde, v. 4, -p. 349.) The same. (In Stahl und Eisen, v. 20, pi. i, p. 260.) The same, condensed translation. 600 w. (In Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute, v. 57, p. 427.) Microscopic examination of badly corroded boiler tubes. Christie, William Wallace. Corrosion. 35 p. 111. 1906. (In his Boiler-waters, p. 68.) Treats rather fully the corrosion of boilers, the action of different feed- waters and the dangers of pitting. no gJaa* jrt^mmqaG ^"/;. S^JE^ i>*tfin!J to a/mi Jis-Kte*: Hi ' bnri ?>*r/g'H Churchill, W. W. Preservation of surface condenser tubes in plants using salt or con- taminated water circulation. 3,000 w. 1906. (In Science, v. 47, p. 405.) The same. (In Power, v. 26, p. 598.) Paper before the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Considers the prevention of electrolytic corrosion. Author presents Oliver J. Lodge's views on electrolytic condition and Faraday's laws of electrolysis as a basis for his views. This information supplements that on pages 1%, 13, 106, 275-277 Corrosion 559 Ford, John D. Corrosion of boiler tubes. 5.200 w. 111. 1904. (In Journal of the American Society of Naval Engineers, v. 16, p. 529.) The same, condensed. 1,000 \v. (In Iron and Steel Magazine, v. 10. P- 34Q-) Extensive experiments made for the United States Navy Department at the laboratory of the National Tube Co., McKeesport, to deter- mine relative corrodibility of lap-welded Bessemer steel, lap-welded iron, seamless cold-drawn steel, and seamless hot- drawn steel boiler tubes. / Fremont, Ch., and Osmond, F. Les sillons de corrosion dans les toles de chaudieres a vapeur. 4,200 w. 111. 1905. (In Revue de metallurgie, v. 2, p. 75.) Investigation of cause of lines of corrosion in boiler plates. Gesellschaft fur Hochdruck-Rohrleitungen. Wasserbeschaffenheit und korrosionen. 4,000 w. 111. 1909. (In its Rohrleitungen, p. 127.) Considers action of water on iron, especially of boiler-waters, and methods of protection. Gibbons, W. H. Physical reasons for rapid corrosion of steel boiler-tubes. 800 w. 111. 1895, (In American Engineer and Railroad Journal, v. 69, p. 157.) Considers difference in corrodibility of tubes made from the "top" and the "bottom" of an ingot, with its application to the relative corro- sion of steel and charcoal iron. Kirtley, William. On the corrosion of locomotive boilers and the means of prevention. 8,800 w. 111. 1866. (In Proceedings of the Institution of Mechan- ical Engineers, v. 17, p. 56.) Considers corrosion due both to chemical action of water and mechan- ical action of strain. The trouble may be obviated by removing one of these causes, i. e., by proper boiler design, eliminating spring- ing at joints, etc. La Coux, H. de Eaux corrosives et incrusto-corrosives dans les genrateurs de vapeur. 14,500 w. 1899. (In Le Gnie Civil, v. 36, pp. 117, 139, 149-) Substances causing corrosion and means of prevention. This information supplements that on pages 12, IS, 106, 275-277 560 Corrosion McBride, James. Corrosion of steam drums. 8,000 w. 111. 1891, 1894. (In Trans- actions of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, v. 12, p. 518; v. 15, P. 1087.) Includes lengthy discussion. _/ <:/*/ JNorris, w * J' Corrosion in steam boilers. 5,000 w. 1882. (In Transactions of the Institution of Naval Architects, v. 23, p. 151.) Disagrees with theories of galvanic action; production of hydrochloric acid in boiler by decomposition of water; action of fatty acids pro- duced by decomposition of lubricants, etc. Ascribes all boiler corro- sion to simple oxidation by presence in water of free oxygen derived from the air. - uiorf; durable, Palmer J. Edward. Corrosion of steel boiler tubes on vessels fitted with turbine engines. 1,000 w. 1907. (In Journal of the American Society of Naval En- gineers, v. 19, p. 54.) The same. (In Engineering News, v. 57, p. 426.) Corrosion caused by copper deposits in the tubes, carried over by the steam from the bronze turbine blades. Paul, James Hugh. Corrosion in steam boilers. 20 p. 111. 1891. (In Transactions of the Society of Engineers, v. 31, p. 147.) Chemical properties of iron; manufacture of boiler plates; corrosive natural waters; artesian well waters; corrosion in marine boilers; action of zinc. Discussion. Rmne, H. Kesselmaterial und kesselkorrosionen. 5,000 w. Dr. 1904. (In Stahl und Eisen, v. 24, pi. i, p. 82.) Considers the corrosion of boiler tubes of different qualities of iron and the influence of other conditions. .i ,&98iub 9&&fr lo Worthington, Walter F. Corrosion of boiler tubes in the United States Navy. 5,000 w. PI. 1900. (In Journal of the American Society of Naval Engineers, v. 12, p. 589.) Causes of corrosion are discussed, especially from the action of the dif- ferent impurities in feed water. This information supplements that on pages 1%, IS, 106, 275-277 Corrosion 561 PLAIN FACTS ABOUT "NATIONAL" PIPE 1 By F. N. SPELLER 2 A large proportion of the pipe manufactured in this country is used on plumbing and heating contracts. The leading members of these trades should be able to choose intelligently between the various grades of pipe on the market today, to be able to advise others, and to give exact rea- sons for preferring this or that brand. The time is past when a hap- hazard opinion will satisfy the engineer, the architect, or the man who is paying the bills. Doubtless there are numerous master plumbers and steamfitters who wish to obtain authentic information on pipe, but such as there is in print is scattered and not easily available to the busy, practical man. To meet the many questions which are asked, there are condensed here some essential facts relating to modern welded pipe. Up to about twenty-seven years ago hand-puddled iron was exclusively used; the quantity required was comparatively small. Skilled puddlers were plentiful, so there was no trouble in supplying the demand of that time. For some years after this, with the introduction of steel as the basic material for pipe, there were two classes of pipe known to the trade iron and steel. Now there are almost as many grades as there are manufacturers, there being several varieties of iron on the market, and the same is true of steel pipe. Specifications of the large users of pipe, such as the government, railways, etc., now usually call for "iron" or "steel," and then specify particularly the quality or brand desired, so that good pipe only can be furnished. This practice has resulted from the fact that there is much more difference between the various grades of wrought iron and the different makes of steel than there is between iron and steel as a class. Many plumbers and fitters still express a preference for wrought iron. This may be based on early experience with steel, or only as a matter of habit, or prejudice. The basis of such opinions will hardly justify the honest, practical man of today, who recognizes a marked difference in the quality of these products as made today compared with twenty-odd years ago, in obstinately adhering to wrought iron or blindly refusing to recognize the clear merit of properly made steel. The question of threading is sometimes referred to. This is a mechan- ical problem depending more on correctly made dies, the pipe being made up to weight and of correct diameter, than on the material. An important investigation reported in the Proceedings of the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers, 1906, by a practical leader in plumbing and heating 1 , concludes: "It (the test) shows that the power required to thread mild-steel pipe with the new die is not much Reprinted from Plumbers' Trade Journal, Steam and Hot Water Fit- ters' Review, December 15, 1913; January i and 15, and February i, 1914. Metallurgical Engineer, National Tube Company, Pittsburgh, Pa. T. N. Thomson, Member A. S. of H. V. Eng. and Principal of Sani- tary Plumbing, Heating, and Ventilation, International Correspondence Schools, Scranton, Pa. This information supplements that on pages 12, 13, 106, 275-277 562 Corrosion Fig. zoo. Comparative corrosion of adjacent hot water supply pipes. Left, wr ought-iron; right, steel. more than that required to thread wrought iron pipe with the same die, and much less than the power required to thread wrought iron pipe with the common die under identical conditions." The same investigator shows clearly that many of the wrought iron pipes threaded with a common type of die took more power than many of the steel, and although on the average the iron took slightly less power to thread the steel was more uniform and gave a stronger thread. A series of tests are now being conducted to determine the actual power required to thread "NATIONAL" pipe with length of standard stock. The tests are yet incomplete, but more than a thousand threads cut to date indicate the average power required to thread "NATIONAL" pipe to be about as follows, using ordinary lead-screw type of hand stock and properly designed dies: 1-inch, 45 Ibs.; IX-inch, 65 Ibs.; IX-inch, 75 Ibs.; 2-inch, 100 Ibs. The corrosion question is one of the most complicated in its nature and very properly concerns all who have anything to do with pipe. Most practical men have observed a great difference in the life of pipe that used in a hot water heating system, for example, seems to last indefinitely, while in most hot water supply systems, under some conditions, the same class of pipe will only last a few years, depending on the volume of water used, temperature, method of heating, etc. These are all factors of vital importance, and yet are rarely considered by the practical man. In fact, the man who is most ready with his opinion on this question of the life of iron and steel pipe frequently not only ignores these essential conditions, but, as a rule, cannot distinguish wrought iron from steel, or has rarely taken the trouble to try. As an illustration of this, some few years ago an investigator of international reputation (Prof. H. M. Howe, of Columbia University, New York City) studied this question of corrosion and at- tempted to reconcile the conflict between the various opinions and actual results. He has shown that it was easy to explain the prevailing opinion regarding steel, but no one could explain away the actual facts. The following abstact from a paper by Professor Howe 4 is given in full as being of particular interest to plumbers: "Competence of Plumbers to Distinguish Steel from Iron Tubing. One of us submitted several pieces of tube which he knew by his own etching "The Relative Corrosion of Steel and Wrought-Iron Tubing" H. M. Howe and Bradley Stoughton. (Proceedings of the American Society for Testing Materials. Volume 8, 1908.) This information supplements that on pages tt, 13, 106, 275-277 Corrosion 563 Fig. 20 1. Boiler feed water pipes. Corrosion of the steel shown at left, that of the wrought iron at right. tests to be steel, and others which he knew to be wrought iron, to four different plumbers and asked them to tell, by cutting with a die or other- wise, which were steel and which iron. One plumber, after making several attempts, admitted that he could not tell. The other three reached the results given herewith in Table A. In every case the plumber made the tests with his own dies. No. of Tubes No. Reported No. Reported Percentage of Plumber Tested Right Wrong Errors No. Iron Steel Iron Steel Iron Steel Iron Steel ^ ' ***!*>* 11 6 10 5 "Pf** <%S A <1 f ^- **f** 6 6 "V 1 / 6 6 * ri 6' 9: 100 rfqtjp* 6 6 Q 66 100 ' ;kj ti D Table A. Trustworthiness of threading test with common dies for distinguishing steel from iron tubing, bsl enotofisi-taavni "From the last two columns of Table A it will be seen that, while plumber No. 1 came a little nearer the truth than if he had simply decided by tossing a penny, Nos. 2 and 3 came no nearer than if they had followed that method. No. 3, whom one of us knows well to be an unusually intelligent mechanic, took three-quarters of an hour to test the twelve tubes, and included in his test very careful inspection for blisters and other indications, and also testing the ductility of the chips. He and his helpers were very sure that the power required for cutting the steel was very much greater than that needed for cutting iron, and that steel chips were very much more brittle than iron chips. He was perfectly confident that all of the tubes were steel, though, in fact, six of them were iron. "This goes to show that this test of threading with a die, supposed to distinguish steel from wrought iron by the greater pressure needed for threading the former, the only ready test which the plumber has, is not trustworthy. This had been shown by Principal Thomson in his paper on 'Power Required to Thread, Twist and Split Wrought Iron and Steel Pipe.' 6 He found that while on the average of all his cases threading needed more power in case of steel than of iron, yet in no less than five out of the nine sets of tests the easiest threading steel pipe needed less power than the hardest threading iron pipe. For instance, with one type of dies, the pressure needed for threading was only 100 Ibs. in case of two of his four 1-inch steel pipes, but was materially greater in case of all eight of the 1-inch iron pipes tested, and was between 120 and 123 Ibs. in case of six of them. 'Paper read before twelfth annual meeting, A. S. H. V. Engineers. 1906. This information supplements that on pages 12, 13, 106, 875-27?! iV 564 Corrosion Fig. 202. Pipe removed from hot water supply in New York City baths. Two specimens at left are iron, at the right, steel. "Again, trustworthy reports have been made to us of cases, first, in which intelligent and experienced engineers, to whom samples of steel and iron pipe have been submitted, have decided promptly and positively, but incorrectly, as to which was iron and which steel; and second, of cases in which pitted pipes, though reported to be steel, have proved to be iron. The illustrations, Figs. 200 and 201, show comparative corrosion and are from photographs (unretouched) of adjacent boiler feed water pipe as found in service, the steel and wrought iron pipes were separated by a coupling only, and are representative of a large number of similar examples, collected during investigations by Wm. H. Walker, Ph. D., in 1911. The investigations led him to the following conclusion 8 : "These results again demonstrate that, taken on the average, there is no difference in the corrosion of iron and steel pipe.'! )K d erf ft tt&Ai rfjim It would be useful if each plumber and steamfitter who is inclined to consider this subject carefully would overhaul his experience and ask him- self if he has positively identified the pipe with which he has had trouble and furthermore make a personal test of his ability to distinguish iron from steel. This is plainly of fundamental importance, as no confidence can be placed in opinions which are not based on a certain knowledge of the material to which the opinions refer. How many of the opinions glibly spoken or boldly printed by the wrought iron interests are correctly founded? Many loose statements in this connection are made, but when run down or when actual evidence is requested, such evidence dissipates into thin air. A typical experience in this connection may be quoted: Page 250 of the Proceedings of the American Society for Testing Materials, Volume 8, 1908, contains paper "The Relative Corrosion of Steel and Wrought Iron Tubing," by Henry M. Howe and Bradley Stoughton, and we quote from page 250 as follows: to, n4) te'tfa Jo.*-* "This is all the evidence which we have found, and received permission to cite, though we have asked manufacturers prominently and financially interested in showing that steel is worse than iron to give the addresses of those who could give us evidence. None of that which we have found, but have not yet received permission to cite, is unfavorable to steel. Abstract from paper read December 13, 1911, before New England Water Works Association. Corrosion 565 Fig. 703. Portion of steel pipe after exposure of 64 weeks in aerated cold water U. S. Navy test. Reports rendered on pipe, iron and steel exposed under the same con ditions of service, show no practical difference in durability. Up to a few years ago such tests constituted all the definite information obtainable on this important question. Lately, however, many cases have come to light where iron and steel pipe have been accidently installed together for several years, and a direct comparison of these materials under identical conditions is thus made possible. Several independent investigations of such cases have been made which include probably 150 comparisons of iron and steel pipe. It is not surprising that nearly all old heating and supply systems put in 10 or 12 years ago show this mixture of pipe, as most of the jobbing houses at that time carried two stocks and the different makes of pipe were not identified by permanent marks. The supposed superiority of wrought iron pipe has been used as a talking point to such an extent by wrought iron manufacturers, in order to obtain an unwarranted premium in price, that the facts referred to should be welcomed by the best class of plumbers and steamfitters, and that with the possession of this information many may be led to investigate these facts for themselves. It is quite easy for anyone to distinguish iron from steel by fracturing the metal or filing across the pipe. The pipes shown in Fig. 202 were removed from hot water supply lines in New York City baths during investigations instituted and conducted by Prof. Ira H. Woolson, formerly of Columbia University, now consulting engineer of the National Board of Fire Underwriters, who arrived at the following conclusion 7 : "In my judgment, from the evidence collected, there was absolutely no difference in the corrosion of the two classes of pipe that is, iron and steel. They appear to be equally susceptible to the attack." These illustrations are from unretouched photographs. The illustrations, Figs. 203 and 204 (also from unretouched photographs), indicate the corrosive condition of steels and charcoal iron lap welded tubes after an exposure of sixty-four weeks in National Tube Company's laboratories. These tests were conducted under the direction of the Bureau of Steam Engineering of the United States Navy 8 , and show ample evidence that the two materials are equally durable under corrosion. 7 Abstract from paper published in Engineering News, December 8, 1910, page 630. 'Abstract from article prepared by Rear Admiral John D. Ford, U. S. N. f and published in Journal of Society of Naval Eng., May, 1904. This information supplements that on pages 12, 13, 106, 275-277 566 Corrosion Fig. 204.- -Charcoal iron specimens subjected to 64 weeks in aerated cold water U. S. Navy test. Pipe steel carries 99.5 per cent metallic iron; wrought iron carries 97.5 per cent metallic iron and both are made from the same ore. The metal is separated from oxygen and other impurities, in each case at the expense of outside energy, and tends to return to its original, more stable condi- tion when exposed to moisture and air. The various forms of steel or iron are in a sense like a coiled spring, all having the common tendency to return to their original form as soon as the restraining influence is removed ; a pipe may last fifty days or fifty years or more, according to its surround- ings. Some steel lines examined after 20 years' service appear to be as good as when laid naturally, there are some isolated cases where wrought iron has lasted much longer, but this proves nothing. It is easy for one interested in wrought iron manufacture to refer to isolated cases of long life in the early history of pipe. If this is the standard by which pipe should be judged under modern conditions the quality of the iron must have sadly deteriorated. How many reputable plumbers will advise using galvanized wrought iron in the hot water supply lines of an important building nowadays? A number of cases have been investigated (many in and around New York City) and are tabulated herewith. (Table B.) No mention is made of many more examples of corrosion investigated where there was no mixture of material, as there would be no comparison possible and the results would be misleading. It is sufficient to say that where conditions are favorable to wrought iron they are favorable to steel, and the reverse is also equally true. To sum up, it should be borne in mind by all thoughful members of the trades handling pipe that: 1. Steel pipe is no longer an experiment, but has a record of 25 years' service and in that time has increased in use to about ninety per cent of the entire production. 2. Opinions should be based on a real personal knowledge, taking nothing for granted the average user of pipe has abundant opportunity to investigate for himself. 3. All the comparisons which have been made in service covering the average life of pipe today indicate clearly that there is no difference in life between iron and steel pipe as a class, although there is something to say between the various makes of each class. This information supplements that on pages 12, IS, 106, 275-277 Corrosion 567 4. All reputable makes of pipes are now marked so that substitution or mistakes are no longer possible. The fact that so much steel pipe has been used in the past, supposedly as wrought iron, is very significant in the light of real experience. 5. It is advisable to inquire carefully into the basis of statements made on the general question of iron and steel pipe hearsay and supposition are dangerous substitutes for real experience in such matters. In summary, the conclusions of the following authorities who have studied this question, are quoted with references so that the testa on which these conclusions are based can be carefully studied if desired: "The Corrosion of Iron and Steel." Alfred Sang. (Proceedings The Engineers Society of Western Pennsylvania, January, 1909): "The opinion one is led to form ... is ... that properly protected steel and iron rust to about the same extent, the steel doing so more uniformly." "The Relative Corrosion of Wrought Iron and Soft Steel Pipes." T. N. Thomson. (Proceedings American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers, Volume XIV, 1908): "Therefore, a rational deduction to draw from the preceding facts is that steel pipe is more durable than plain wrought iron pipe when used to convey hot water and subject only to internal corrosion. I know that the above summary is not in perfect harmony with the opinions of many engineers and contractors, but I can only record the facts as they are found to be without comment." "Report of Committee on Corrosion of Wrought Iron and Steel Pipes." (Proceedings A. S. H. & V. Engineers, Vol. XVI, 1910): "This test checks up well with the aforesaid 1908 paper, and we believe demonstrates that modern steel pipe of good quality is at least as durable as modern strictly wrought iron pipe of good quality, and is very much superior to a poor quality of wrought iron in this class of work." "In closing we desire to call special attention to the fact that we find it is not safe to accept reports regarding the corrosion of wrought iron and steel pipes without first identifying the materials, because so many engineers cannot ordinarily distinguish the difference between them." "Corrosion of Hot Water Piping in Bathhouses." Ira H. Woolson. (Engineering News, Dec. 8, IQIO, page 630): "In my judgment, from the evidence collected, there was absolutely no difference in the corrosion of the two classes of pipe. They appear to be equally susceptible to attack from what the samples show." "The Relative Corrosion of Iron and Steel Pipe as Found in Service." Wm. H. Walker, Ph. D. (Journal of New England Water Works Association, March, 1912): "These results again demonstrate that, taken on the average, there is no difference in the corrosion of iron and steel pipe." "Street Main Standards." G. I. Vincent, Chief Engineer Des Moines Gas Company. (Proceedings American Gas Institute, 1913): "The so-called genuine wrought iron pipe commands a premium of about 15 per cent over steel. Its additional value is not apparent. Spel- lerized steel pipe is probably as durable as the wrought iron." This information supplements that on pages 12, IS, 106, 275-877 568 Corrosion i , "Sal* f|Millll 1 1| |11 > & w or ar eac f p .pjjlj |S.g&Js*l ti t- I Hi || Hlllliili Illll- s jil ii!.|lli 1 PH *0 '3. ^ .S3 ^ 1 -3 2 s. |8 1 I H- 5 I [! e is s^ ft -reteW * HOI ,8 .D3Q 1115 j rt !-S ! 3 II I 8 . i i i 19HlAi 6 M W ' ' J'?' 1 ijflffljUrfaw saaLadt .^a .sfe(iyfe,m..xld ;i O 13Q ? information supplements that on pages n, IS, 106, 275-277 Corrosion 569 .: s s-g - . &* wj 1- 2 *g ^-aj-a *? | ^a?fi g/ISS^pI s||l ^ eJ!?-;5a*2 M ''2'S'a'a s-5*a I Fl This information supplements that on pages 12, 13, 106, 275-277 Fig. 2.05. Six specimens of "NATIONAL" pipe which were a part of a warm water line in a well known conservatory. These illustrations, Figs. 205 and 206 (from unretouched photographs), indicate comparative corrosion, especially in the form of pitting. These sections of pipe, which formed a portion of the warm water feed lines in a nationally-known conservatory, were installed at the same time, worked under same conditions and length of service, and show conclusively that steel pipe is in this case superior to wrought iron. The chief engineer writes: "The wrought iron was found to be badly pitted and rotten, while the steel was uniformly corroded, with no pits." BBI .-. . . Fig. zo6. Wr -ought-iron pipe samples which had served under identical conditions as those shown in Fig. 205, This information supplements that on pages n, 13, 106, 275-277 Corrosion 571 ig. 207. The samples of pipe in the upper part of photograph are ofwrought- iron, while those below are of "NATIONAL" Spellerized steel. All were obtained from a Pennsylvania coal mine, after being exposed together for a period of time. 572 Corrosion Fig. 208.- Wrought-iron pipe samples in New York hotel hot water supply. The illustrations clearly show the comparative corrosion of wrought iron and mild steel pipe. It has been the aim of the writer to reproduce representative comparisons of iron and steel pipe in actual service, not only in one or two phases of use, but from a wide and varied field, which demonstrates that this article is not only applicable to the plumbing and steamfitting trade, but for all uses where pipe, made from iron as basic material, is necessary. In the preceding text it was endeavored, by explanations and photo- graphs, to set forth the relative merits of both steel and wrought iron pipe. In every case the specimens were obtained where same had been in use under identical conditions. The writer believes that readers will agree that these tests have not substantiated the often made claim advanced by the wrought iron interests concerning the superiority of their product. In the accompanying pictures further evidence of the durability of steel pipes as compared with wrought iron is given. These pipes (shown in illustration), Fig. 207, were used in running coal mine water in Western Pennsylvania for the same length of time, and under identical conditions, and the photographs show clearly the comparative corrosion of the two materials. Note that the disintegration is consider- ably more uniform on the Spellerized steel than on the wrought iron pipe. This information supplements that on pages 12, IS, 106, 275-277 Corrosion 573 Fig. 209. Steel pipe used under same conditions as Fig. 208- Figs. 208 and 209 and those succeeding (from photographs, unretouched) show specimens of wrought iron and steel pipe. These comparisons were taken from adjacent lines of the same system and were used an equal length of time in the hot water supply of one of New York City's promi- nent hotels. These and other comparisons were secured during a recent pipe investigation in New York City, conducted with the co-operation of Dr. Wm. Campbell, Columbia University. Note excellent condition of the "steel" after six years' service. This again demonstrates the superior merits of steel as material for pipes. This information supplements that on pages 1%, IS, 106, 275-277 574 Corrosion Fig. zio. Other -wrought-iron pipe used under same conditions. Note Figs. 210 and 211 in every instance the even pitting of the steel as against that of wrought iron. It is maintained that steel pipe is as gener- ally durable as wrought iron. The photographs are taken from repre- sentative samples. IBH^MBI^K <- 'ft I'--- to riisfisl &*****#' IP HBPIPHHHHi .'V--:^ >tj6UftftOfrf9b^M/}S^ aiffl ^^^^^ ; ;.. '' hyW^9/J> Fig. 2 1 1 . Two sections of steel pipe from hot water supply. This information supplements that on pages 12, IS, 106, 275-277 Corrosion 575 YJTCTJg "KOIBOffi ! 9fto n 50 93119! ;IHT bajflioqioln yqtq noi| jr la^ja bnB noir aljo -1'ieqmoo risi? .t93(.f Jon bed ioirfw 893BD auoismua teiil 9DW8 oj 1 SVJSrf Fig. ziz. Wrought-iron pipe obtained from hot water supply line in hotel. Reference to Figs. 212 and 213 show other specimens from the same hot water supply system as the others. Hot water supply lines present severe service conditions and extensive corrosion usually takes place. In con- clusion it is evident upon comparison that the steel pipe has withstood disintegration fully as well as the wrought iron. I99j8.9iii e/) raiolino :i aniqc! onl o pidj. lo Ifivpni9i grfj \i lo iioQ^i j.msT aid . :.ti;>e?ia mi.t )Q eid to 9no ^^^m^H^HK^XS^OK 10 J nl q ad ioa nse ffi V/ . i . t 95twQ^ 4-lQI itBl ,' J ...^i^^iQqffi^ ani&a.srfj. I mordi b9innq:>>i* .64 .rl . .- o jr ' i Fig. 213. Steel pipe taken from same line as Fig. Z12. This information supplements that on pages 18, IS, 106, 875-277 576 Corrosion THE DESIGN OF HOT- WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS TO MINIMIZE CORROSION 1 By F. N. SPELLER' Suggested Design In a paper on the "Durability of Welded Steel Pipe 1 ," reprinted and commented upon in Engineering News, March 23, 1 91 1, there were discussed the results of investigations on the relative corrosion of iron and steel in service, and the influence of the dissolved gases (oxygen and carbonic acid) in water and a scheme was suggested for rendering the water practically harmless by removing the air after heating. So far as the writer is aware, however, no system has yet been designed with this as the main object. Comparisons on Pitting In the paper referred to the writer pointed out first, that the superiority claimed for "genuine" wrought iron pipe had not been proved by comparative tests in service; on the contrary, the numerous cases which are on record (and which have been largely added to since that time), show conclusively that where both iron and steel have been used together in water lines, the wrought iron pits just as badly as the steel under the same conditions. A number of such compari- sons were compiled by the writer for the International Congress for Test- ing Materials last September.* Authorities Agree We need not again go into the cause of this pitting, which is now generally recognized to be due to galvanic action between impurities on the surface of the metal, especially mill scale and rust. The leading authorities now seem agreed that corrosion is practically independent of the composition of the metal, provided it is reasonably uniform (as the steel used for welded pipe must necessarily be if it welds without developing injurious defects). In order to have continued corrosion, oxygen must be present in solution; the removal of this oxygen has been found to greatly lessen corrosion. In his recent report of researches along this line, Dr. W. H. Walker, director of the research laboratory of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, describes one of his experiments thus: 1 "Two coils made up from pieces taken from the same length of pipe were each fed with water from the same source at the same temperature. In one case the water was heated to 85 degrees Cent, in an open tank, while in the other the water was heated to the same temperature in a closed tank. The feed water contained l Reprinted from Engineering News, February 13, 1013, page 294. 'Metallurgical Engineer, National Tube Company, Frick Bldg., Pitts- burgh, Pa. Proceedings, American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers, 1911. " Comparative Service Obtained with Wrought-Iron and Soft Steel Pipes as Water Lines in the United States," Proceedings, International Association for Testing Materials, 1912, XXIV, 4. 'Engineering News, December 21, 1911; Journal of New England Water Works Association, March, 1912; journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, July, 1912. This information supplements that on pages 12, IS, 106, 275-877 Corrosion 577 on the average 5.85 c.c. of oxygen per liter, and passed through each coil at the rate of % gal. per min. After running 1750 hr., the coil fed with water heated in an open tank had lost 22 grams, while the coil fed with water heated in a closed tank had lost 155 grams. In neither case was the oxygen completely removed; if the water in the open tank had been gently boiled, corrosion in the coil fed with this water would have been completely prevented." These results again indicate that the intensity of conditions has much more to do with corrosion than anything else; so much so that the same material used as a pipe in a hot-water heating system, where the water is practically free from oxygen and unchanged, should last fifty years or more, while in a closed hot-water supply system it may only last five or six years. This principle of heating and freeing the water from dissolved oxygen, by which it seems possible to prolong the life of standard welded pipe several times, is surely worthy of careful consideration in designing piping systems which are subject to corrosion. A recent investigation, undertaken by the writer with the assistance of some of his research staff, has developed interesting points in regard to the present practice of laying out hot-water supply systems. The influence of the arrangement of the piping on corrosion seems to be quite marked, depending on whether the gases are liberated before the water enters the distributing system or not, although the separation of these gases is only partially accomplished under the best conditions. Large installations were considered, such as hotels, large apartments and office buildings where, on account of the great quantity of hot water used, serious trouble would be most likely to occur. luo oj Tm39:>9n&Ii&teI)dfiJ;ti>9teYasaJqlq Classes Of Systems The hot-water supply systems found in these buildings differed in many details, but may be divided into two classes, according to whether the main vertical distributing lines are supplied from a common horizontal main in the basement, or from a similar hori- zontal distributing main above the level of the highest fixture near the roof. These types of installations are illustrated, diagrammatically and without detail of any kind, in Figs. 214 and 215. , ... . . Underfed System -The underfed system is characterized by a number of independent risers and return-risers, each supplying a separate section of the building. These risers are rarely vented at the top and consequently the hot water is always supersaturated with air when the system is in continuous use. This is a good example of the closed type of heating so designed that it would be very difficult, if not entirely imprac- ticable, to vent so as to remove the gases before the water is used. Overhead Open System The system illustrated by Fig. 215, on the other hand, is radically different in this respect, and to a considerable extent, although not completely, allows the escape of dissolved gases to the atmosphere at the highest point before the water is distributed through- out the system and returns to the heater. Since all the water used passes up through one riser a vent must be provided, otherwise trouble due to This information supplements that on pages n, 18, 106, 875-277 578 Corrosion Two types of hot-water supply systems. t .fil$t>l*i gi -ns&irt I bfirf alnfij I sri J }i ; bovoj ntaa jnaecf f>e CITY HAT Cg &m. Fig. 214. Underfed closed system. Fig. i\1 19JJ "Therefore, a rational deduction to draw from the preceding facts is that steel pipe is more durable than plain wrought iron pipe when used to convey hot water and subject only to internal cor- rosion. I know that the above summary is not in perfect harmony with the opinions of many engineers and contractors, but I can only record the facts as they are found to be without comment." "The Relative Corrosion of Wrought Iron and Soft Steel Pipes." T. N. Thomson. (Proceedings American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers, Vol. XIV, 1908.) w? nudj aiou- This information supplements that on pages 12, IS, 10G. 275-277 580 Corrosion "This test checks up well with the aforesaid 1908 paper, and we believe demonstrates that modern steel pipe of good quality is at least as durable as modern strictly wrought iron pipe of good quality, and is very much superior to a poor quality of wrought iron in this class of work." (A. S. H. & V. Engineers, Vol. XV, 1909.) " In closing we desire to call special attention to the fact that we find it is not safe to accept reports regarding the corrosion of wrought iron and steel pipes without first identifying the materials, because so many engineers cannot ordinarily distinguish the differ- ence between them." "Report of Committee on Corrosion of Wrought Iron and Steel Pipes." (Proceedings American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers, Vol. XVI, IQIO.) Coal Mine Corrosion "Corrosion tests in running mine water were carried on by Prof. Thomson, The Pittsburgh Coal Company, H. C. Frick Coal Company and others, these indicating that steel is at least equal to wrought iron in resisting corrosion." (Iron Age, July 12, 1906.) The results of these tests of wrought iron and steel pipe in coal mines may be gleaned from the following extracts: "The results indicate to us that steel is just as durable in the water in this mine as wrought iron." Says one of the largest coal operators in Kentucky: "We thought the data decidedly in favor of steel, in view of the fact that we had anticipated a reversal of the leaning. . .' % <5 ' : :' The results of this investigation would appear to indicate no practical difference in the life to be obtained from either iron or steel piping in the hot water service." This from a coal operator in Pennsylvania. Comparisons of new steel and iron pipes in the boiler feed and other lines led this large company, which made the test, to the exclusive use of "NATIONAL" Pipe. "While corrosion was about the same, there was a pitting in the iron that we did not find in the steel, and the steel was corroded more uniformly. From the tests made, I know that the steel pipe is the better for such conditions." This conclusion from an operator in the largest bituminous coal field in the world indicates the advantages gained by uniform material worked by the Spellerizing process in connection with "NATIONAL" Pipe. StOUghton In his text book, "The Metallurgy of Iron and Steel" (Hill Publishing Co., New York), Bradley Stoughton, one of those who has carried out exhaustive investigations, says: "The evidence goes to show that properly made steel corrodes no more than wrought iron." This information supplements that on pages 12, 13, 106, 275-277 Corrosion 581 In summing up a paper 1 on the corrosion of iron and steel, Bradley Stoughton, secretary of the American Institute of Mining Engineers, makes the following significant statement: "No mention has been made here of the sometimes heated discus- sion that went on for several years in regard to the relative corro- sion of wrought iron and steel, because it is my opinion, which I think is the same as that now held by many well informed authori- ties, that the difference between these classes of materials, if any, is very small, and is much less important than the effect of quality of manufacture. In other words, well-made steel, or well-made wrought iron, will resist rusting better than badly made material of its own or the other class, and the reason for this I have tried to point out in the preceding pages, at the same time endeavoring to show some of the precautions that it is possible for engineers, owners and builders to employ in order to secure less corrodible material for use in the erection of structures." Howe and StOUghton An investigation was made and the results arrived at were incorporated in a paper, "The Relative Corrosion of Steel and Wrought Iron Tubing" H. M. Howe and Bradley Stoughton. (Proceedings of the American Society for Testing Materials. Vol. 8, 1908), read before the American Society for Testing Materials, which con- cluded with the following significant words: "This is all the evidence which we have found and received per- mission to cite, though we have asked manufacturers prominently and financially interested in showing that steel is worse than iron, to give the addresses of those who could give us evidence. None of that which we have found, but have not yet received permission to cite, is unfavorable to steel. 1 ' (Page 250.) (See " NA TIONAL" Bulletin No. 11.) ^gmsfi Comparative tests of pipe steel carried on by these investigators using pipe made from steel in 1906 and 1897 have resulted in favor of the former. The skelp of 1897 showed a greater loss in weight by corrosion and decidedly deeper pitting in six months than the skelp of 1906 in thirteen months. In tests comparing steel skelp with wrought iron, it was found that the two materials lost practically the same weight by corrosion, yet the former had the advantage of a uniform corrosion since the "Wrought iron skelp pitted in seven months much deeper than the steel did in thirteen months." (Page 255.) These investigators also state in regard to the durability of steel and iron wrought pipes in interlocking and signal systems that: "We learn that twenty- nine pipes, all believed to be wrought iron, after long use in the interlocking and signal systems of a very 1 "The Cause and Prevention of Corrosion of Iron and Steel." The Engineering Magazine, July, IQI i. This information supplements that on pages 12, 18, 106^ 275-277 582 Cori-osion important railroad, were lately examined, with the result that twelve were found to be steel and only seventeen iron. The life of the steel pipes was in this case longer than that of the iron ones. Thus, of those which were practically destroyed by corrosion and pitting ii were steel with an average life of 13.5 years. 8 were iron with an average life of 10.4 years. Our information comes direct to us from the general superin- tendent of the railroad." (Page 259.) ii*i64ca stem ylbfid nfU isJ^b- Friend J. Newton Friend, in his recent book, "The Corrosion of Iron and Steel" (Longmans Green Co., 1911), states: "It would appear therefore that when everything is taken into consideration there is practically nothing to choose between wrought iron and steel as at present manufactured." (Page 286.) And finally concludes with these words: "These and many other in- stances might be cited as illustrating the fact that good steel corrodes at much the same rate as good wrought iron." (Page 288.) OOT'T) Sang A. Sang, in a thorough resume of the question entitled, "The Corrosion of Iron and Steel" (McGraw Hill Book Co., New York, 1910). says: "Properly protected steel and iron rust to about the same extent, the steel doing so more uniformly," and adds, "The best quality of charcoal iron is practically as resistant as the best quality of steel used for similar purposes." (Page 49.) In regard to pipe, Sang remarks: "The carefully acquired experience of the largest manufacturers of tubes in the world, which induced them recently to abandon the manufacture of wrought iron pipe, teaches that the use of steel in place of iron, at least in the United States, for the special pur- pose of tubing is to be preferred; the tendency of steel to pit is somewhat less than that of iron and it welds at the joint fully as well." (Page 73.) (See "NATIONAL" Bulletin No. 4.) "In the thirty complete service tests made by railroads during the years 1907 and 1908, modern steel tubing showed a slight superiority over so-called charcoal-iron tubing and the rusting was more uniform. H^qiq Jrfguotw noii "Badly made steel will evidently corrode faster than a uniform product, and the question of the comparative corrosion of iron and steel should not be judged from the behavior of a poor quality; unfortunately, persons afflicted with mental hustling always gen- eralize exceptions." This information supplements that on pages 12, 13, 106, 275-277 Corrosion 583 Woolson Prof. Ira H. Woolson (Engineering News, December 8, 1910) secured 89 samples of corroded pipe from seven bath houses in New- York City. Seventeen of these samples proved to be wrought iron and the remainder steel. Prof. Woolson says: "In my judgment from the evidence collected there was abso- lutely no difference in the corrosion of the two classes of pipe; they appear to be equally susceptible to the attack." This pipe was tested to destruction. (See "NATIONAL" Bulletin No. 2.) : -rfrv^krij^' '' Walker Perhaps the most recent investigation reported is that of Dr. W. H. Walker (New England Water Works Association, March, 1912), of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, who secured 64 samples of wrought iron and steel pipe in adjacent service. These samples had been in service from 2 to 17 years. Dr. Walker reported that of the 64 samples secured 20 pairs favor steel, 1 8 iron, 9 show no difference in corrosion and 17 no corrosion at all. Dr. Walker says in this paper: \''' *' "These results again demonstrate that taken on the average there is no difference in the corrosion of iron and steel pipe. Con- versations held with engineers in charge of plants during this in- vestigation confirm the statement already made that a pipe is frequently called steel when corrosion is found to be excessive, while it is set down as iron if it rusts but little." (See "NATIONAL'' Bulletin No. 10.) Ball P. DeC. Ball (Cold Storage and Ice Trade Journal), in a paper read before the American Society of Refrigerating Engineers, stated as follows: "From thirty three years of personal observation, constructing, erecting and operating ice-making and refrigerating machines, absorption and compression types, and using iron pipes for the first fourteen years and iron and steel pipe for the next nineteen years, we are convinced that local conditions only govern the corrosion of pipes in refrigerating and ice-making machines, and that, chemically and mechanically, mild steel pipe meets the require- ments of the refrigerating engineer in all respects, and better than any other pipe for the reason that it is superior in point of finish, strength, strength of seam, and uniformity of materials." (See "NATIONAL" Bulletin No. 5.) CosgrOVC "Wrought Pipe Drainage Systems" 2 by J. J. Cosgrove contains many significant statements relative to the value of steel pipe when compared with wrought iron. We quote as follows: 2 Published by Standard Sanitary Mfg. Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. This information supplements that on pages 12, IS, 106, 275-277 584 Corrosion Page 3 "Such progress has been made toward improving the temper and weld of pipe steel, . . . that today wrought iron pipe can scarcely be distinguished from steel pipe, so far as the cutting, threading, and splitting are concerned." . . . Page 7 "So far as wrought iron and steel pipes are concerned there is no appreciable difference between their length of life under similar conditions of exposure to corrosion, and one can be accepted as equally good as the other." . . ... :>t Page Q "As wrought iron and steel pipes are practically the same, they will be considered in this work, together with all other pipes of whatever metal or alloy which are put together with screw joints, as wrought pipes." "Sanitary Refrigeration and Ice Making," published in 1014, another work by Mr. Cosgrove, contains the following extract (page 127) in regard to the durability and physical properties of steel and iron wrought pipe in refrigerating and ice-making systems: "Wrought iron or steel pipe may be used in refrigeration work. "So far as length of life is concerned, or deterioration from pit- ting, there is practically no difference between the two materials. When it comes to strength, however, the odds are in favor of steel pipe. This is true not only of the walls of the pipe, but of the seams as well, which is an important consideration. "Steel pipe is more pliable than wrought iron pipe, and on account of this greater pliability, which permits steel pipe being bent and twisted without opening at the seam or otherwise failing, it makes a better material for refrigeration installation where numerous pipe bends are to be made. It might be well to note that in the bending of wrought pipe there is less liability of faiio) failing at the seam if the pipe is held so the weld will be at the side, not at the top or bottom." Woodworth Mr. H. A. Woodworth, M. E., associated with the Merchant's Heat and Light Company, of Indianapolis, Ind., who read a paper "District Heating Distribution Systems" before the Annual Meet- ing of the National District Heating Association (1914) held in Rochester, N. Y., in regard to the merits of wrought iron and steel pipe, states that: "The use of steel pipe is becoming more popular ever day, due to the good results found from practical experience. The author recently took up some lo-in. and i2-in. mains of steel pipe and laid i6-in. in their place, and was surprised to find that the re- moved pipe showed the original stamping of the manufacturers* after 13 years of usage on a hot-water heating system.^* 7 : ueqrmqo Investigation revealed the fact that the pipe in question was "NATIONAL" Pipe, made by National Tube Company. This information supplements that on pages 12, 13, 106, 275-277 Corrosion 585 The pipe was laid again on our steam lines, being insulated with sectional covering and tile, and we expect it to last twenty-five years longer." . . . "Since steel pipe is equally as good as wrought iron, it certainly is not a good policy to pay the difference in price for the latter pipe. Many other instances of steel pipe's good qualities might be cited but the discussion will no doubt bring out some mighty interesting features along this line." Vincent G. I. Vincent in a paper "Street Main Standards"* read before the Eighth Annual Convention of the American Gas Institute, October, 1013, presented a summary of standards, suggestions derived from the best practice, and recommendations from over 200 gas companies relative to the best materials for pipe manufactured for gas service. The following quotations from this paper indicate the majority expression in favor of mild steel pipe "NATIONAL" Pipe: "Steel or Wrought Iron . . . The mild steel now being turned out by the tube mills is really the so-called wrought pipe, and an order for wrought pipe or black pipe will be filled with steel. The so-called genuine wrought iron pipe commands a premium of about 15 per cent over steel. 7/5 additional value is not apparent. Spellerized steel pipe is probably as durable as the wrought iron^ jj^irf &-n$*9q*9 "kfifc^A#iH?B r J "Sixty-four per cent of the companies specified steel pipe, thirty-six per cent specified wrought iron. As heretofore stated the advantages of wrought iron pipe as now rolled, over the mild steel pipe of the trade is not apparent. Wrought iron pipe of char- coal iron might be more durable than mild steel, but pipe is not manufactured of this material." . . . .nqijOTw flBri} 9rnf>3 bfisirfJ oi bsbasn MJOTW 8IJ319V aqiq [93^8 to norgonoo sri* SUMMARY "This summary is prepared for convenience in reference. It gives each item and the suggested best practice. . . . "STEEL MATERIAL FOR STREET MAINS LOW PRESSURES Steel vs. Wrought-Iron Steel Merchant or Full Weight CZPlUffci/Q'Full Weight Size in Preference to Cast Iron Less than 4" diameter Life of Steel Mains Expected No suggestion Coating None, except in bad soils "STEEL MATERIAL HIGH PRESSURE PIPE LINES Steel vs. Wrought-Iron Steel Weight , *n+mw 5 Line pi P e Coating None, except in bad soils" 4 October, 1913, American Gas Institute News Volume II, No. 7, pages 73-108. This information supplements that on pages It, IS, 106, 275-277 586 Corrosion Shattuck -J. D. Shattuck in a paper "Welding of High Pressure Mains" read before the ninth annual meeting of the American Gas Insti- tute (1914) in reporting the results of some tests on strength of autogenous welded pipe joints made on wrought iron and steel pipe by the Engineer- ing Department of Swarthmore College states: "This test shows that steel pipe is stronger and more ductile than wrought iron pipe." to ao :,;>. t'.-. f . as equally soG?!.aail efcrfcKfcnc Duncan R. B. Duncan associated with the United Gas Improve- ment Company of Philadelphia, Pa., in a paper "Installation and Main- tenance of Service" read before the ninth annual meeting of the American Gas Institute (1914), states: i'/ise ?.sg tol b inn;? :>} nt '.xiixj lolafBbsJfiai.isyri oxOsal svrieJai "Succeeding the old lead pipe of the early days of the gas industry, wrought iron pipe was used almost exclusively for service work, for many years. It was far superior to lead from the stand- point of rigidity, being less liable to trap, and then it was cheaper. In the early '90*8, the steel industry began making steel pipe cheaper than wrought iron and ever since that time, the use of wrought iron has been gradually falling off. The first impression of steel pipe gained by engineers was far from good; it had the reputation of being very uncertain as to temper and weld. Many claimed that great difficulty was experienced in cutting threads and that split pipe very frequently occurred. The general opinion of engineers that steel pipe was markedly inferior to wrought iron in resistance of corrosion is one that has caused much discussion. "Year by year the steel industry perfected their product until the pipe became as soft as wrought iron with no more power needed to thread same than wrought iron. As to the question of the corrosion of steel pipe versus wrought iron it is a feature that has been discussed by many prominent metallurgists of the country. The consensus of opinion seems to be that there is practically no difference between the two on this point. There have been many tests made both in laboratory and field. The United Gas Improve- ment Company have made many such tests. From laboratory experience, as far back as 1905, it was decided that there was little difference between wrought iron and steel in reference to corro- sion; in fact, it was discovered that the new steel pipe appeared to have an outer coating of oxide which would resist corrosion far better than wrought iron. Many tests have been made of actual conditions in the field, and it has been the general opinion that both kinds of pipe showed almost the same loss of weight by corro- sion, the tendency toward pitting being somewhat less in steel. "The steel industry has been developing a new process which. after several years' time, has given many encouraging results. By This information supplements that on pages 12, IS, 106, 275-277 Corrosion 587 this process the steel is treated mechanically and does not in any way depend upon skilled labor beyond keeping up the machinery involved, hence uniform treatment is assured. bns T l .nl;%ifli ,fc* .oMX.Isaiuai sJ^iT- g'^sdmul*! arto ni hsiieildu "This new process is a method of treating metal which consists in subjecting the heated bloom to the action of rolls having regularly shaped projections on their working surfaces, then subjecting the bloom, while still hot, to the action of smooth faced rolls and repeating the action whereby the surface of the metal is worked so as to produce a uniform dense texture better adapted to resist corrosion, especially in the form of pitting. "Summing up the comparison, I would say that the steel pipe had four points to its advantage, that would justify its use in pre- ference to wrought iron, as follows: ' Q: M9dll4*toy4teiab otr^ibni (i) It costs much less. " (2) It is stronger and more ductile than wrought iron. ..,'_. ... (3) It is more uniform in composition. " (4) The threads cut on steel pipe appear to be stronger." :::r!} )'jc) oil i .L>Mig=;OQ 193:10! on f>ir> !?9^i;Ji^r'n TO ftoi3ij;tiJ8 The Gas Record* in publishing an abstract from Mr. Duncan's paper states, in regard to the value of the Spellerizing process which is applied t "NATIONAL" Pipe only (sizes four inches and under) that: "The consensus of opinion is that modern steel pipe, particu- larly if Spellerized is as durable as wrought iron, and is, besides, cheaper, stronger, and more ductile and more uniform in composi- tion." 10 fuv/: .gdoJoO :>JT sbBosf? jsfiq stil ni Y.iJsubni 9qiq testa 9riJ -ni {.IQI oJ cOQ 1 S1B9X T. ; rfJod lo esgjsnnoJ Smith The unbiased opinion of a recognized authority on any certain subject has a definite and ascertainable value. The following quotation is significant, being taken from a paper "Some Causes of Corrosion or Oxidation of Metals in a Refrigerating System" by Morgan B. Smith, published in Ice, October, 1913, issue relating to the merits of the Spel- lerizing process: "Steel Pipe, which has been treated in such a manner as to eliminate or at least distribute evenly the mill scale may be joined with wrought iron or cast iron safely as a rule. . . . The same stock without the treatment for mill scale will show a decided tendency to corrode when joined with wrought iron or cast iron. The so-called Spellerized Steel fulfills this condition with respect to the scale." ' v>Ji4' ~oi B98J54* 6 Page 222, September 23, 1914, Vol. 6, No. 6. This information supplements that on pages 12, 13, 106, 275-277 588 Corrosion Speller F. N. Speller in summing up a series of articles on the relative durability of wrought iron and steel pipe under the heading "Plain Facts about ' NATIONAL ' Pipe for the Plumber and Steamfitter" published in the Plumber's Trade Journal, Dec. 15, 1913, Jan. i 7 and 15* and Feb. i,' 1914, states that: "It should be borne in mind by all thoughtful members of the trades handling pipe that: 41 1. Steel pipe is no longer an experiment, but has a record of twenty-five years' service and in that time has increased in use to ninety per cent of the entire production. " 2. Opinions should be based on a real personal knowledge, taking nothing for granted the average user of pipe has abundant opportunity to investigate for himself. "3. All the comparisons, which have been made in service covering the average life of pipe today, indicate clearly that there is no difference in life between iron and steel pipe as a class, although there is something to say between the various makes of each class. "4. All reputable makes of pipe are now marked so that sub- stitution or mistakes are no longer possible. The fact that so much steel pipe has been used, supposedly as wrought iron, in the past is very significant in the light of real experience. "5. It is advisable to inquire carefully into the basis of state- ments made on the general question of iron and steel pipe hearsay and supposition are dangerous substitutes for real experience in such matters." Iron Trade ReviewIn a leading editorial The Iron Trade Review, October 15, 1914, page 699, comments upon the tremendous growth of the steel pipe industry in the past decade and gives statistics showing tonnages of both wrought iron and steel pipe for years 1905 to 1913 in- clusive as compiled by the Bureau of Statistics of the American Iron and Steel Institute, issued in a Special Statistical Bulletin No. 8, and in con- clusion states: "The popularity of steel pipe is due to a number of causes. Undoubtedly, its economy has been an influential factor, but the great increase in production during the past two decades cannot be attributed to price alone. Quality also has played an impor- tant part. The uniform character of well-made steel pipe is a factor in its favor, and its ductility adds to its serviceableness. "As far as the subject of corrosion is concerned, without going into exhaustive arguments, it may be said that prominent metal- lurgists now agree that any special fears which may have been 'Pages 807-8. T Pages 29-30. 'Pages 107-108. Pages 191-192. This information supplements that on ptog'es 12, 13, 106, 275-277 Corrosion 589 entertained regarding the resistance of steel pipe to corrosion are groundless. It seems, therefore, that there are sound economic reasons behind the tremendous increase in the production of steel pipe during the past twenty-five years." '1/198 DJIJS flL6rn 101 noil $riju : ''ite Wilson L. C. Wilson recently made a very careful and thorough in- vestigation of all the data and information available regarding the relative durability of steel and iron wrought pipe in actual service compiled from many sources and representing the independent investigation of recog- nized authorities. In an article "Wrought Iron or Steel Pipes" Mr. Wilson, after presenting the facts as contained in the evidence reviewed, concludes: "Viewing impartially all of the data presented so far, there seems to be little to choose between wrought iron and steel pipe on the whole, as regards their resistance to corrosive influences, but one point may be mentioned with reference to the manner in which these materials corrode: With steel the rusting takes place more or less uniformly over the surface, while wrought iron shows a decided inclination to form deep pits. That this is a dangerous tendency can hardly be doubted." The technical editor of the Pittsburgh Gazette-Times, one of the leading newspapers in the iron and steel district, in reviewing Mr. Wilson's article states: "To paraphrase an old saying, a pipe wall is no stronger than its thinnest spot, therefore, to the extent in which wrought iron exhibits this defect (pitting) in greater measure than steel, it may be considered correspondingly inferior." DHjG IT November 7, 1915. Meier In a paper 14 read before the local branch of the A. S. M. E. at Cornell University by Col. E. D. Meier, Past President of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, entitled "Modern Boiler Problems," there is the following significant statement regarding the durability of steel and charcoal iron boiler tubes: "The United States Navy Department carried on a series of tests with various corrosive solutions at McKeesport, for a period of three months. The report of the Commission sums up that there was only a slight difference in corrosion between the (so called) 'charcoal' iron and the steel tubes, and that in favor of the latter." jiaqsafa sbiil battiq ei noii irisuoiw sift .snhfoync II .oqiq bsJa < gnljJiq 9;' Borden A. W. Borden, chairman of the Committee on Distribution of the Iowa District Gas Association, in reporting the results of that "Reprinted from the Sibley Journal of Engineering, June, i This information supplements that on pages 12, 13, 106, 275-277 590 Corrosion committee's work at the annual meeting held May 26-28, 1915, u stated in regard to the merits of steel and iron wrought pipe that: "There has been much discussion as to the relative merits of steel and wrought iron for main and service work. The latter material was formerly attributed with many advantages not accorded the steel pipe, but in recent years the improvement to this product had contributed very largely to dissipating the prejudices, which based upon real and fancied causes formerly existed, until today it is claimed with conservatism that the best prepared steel pipe will surpass wrought iron in strength and ductility and has the added advantage of much lower cost." Walter Bruce Walter, Dry Blast Engineer, Isabella Furnace, Pitts- burgh, Pa., during the discussion of Morgan B. Smith's paper "Recent Developments in the Study of Corrosion in Concrete Buildings and Pipe Lines" presented at the eleventh annual meeting of the American Society .of Refrigerating Engineers, New York City, December 6-8, 1915, gave the results of his experience with steel and iron wrought pipes in refrigerating service. In 1905, shortly after the construction of a new air refrigerating plant, it was decided to reconstruct several of the ammonia condensers and install alternate lengths of steel and iron wrought pipe in an effort to determine the relative durability of steel and iron wrought pipe in this service. Recently, after ten years' service, it became necessary to renew certain parts of the apparatus. This afforded an opportunity to examine the pipe in the above referred condensers. Regarding the condition of the pipe in these condensers, Mr. Walter says: "In short, there was clearly no difference in corrosion between the wrought iron and steel pipe after practically ten years' actual service conditions." Stone F. W. Stone, during the discussion of a paper "Modern Wrought Gas Pipe" read before the third annual meeting of the American Gas Institute, October 21-23, 1908, New York City, and published in the proceedings Vol. Ill, pages 262-274, stated that: "Some two years ago, in order to satisfy myself which was best, I took some samples of wrought iron and of steel pipe and im- bedded them in a cinder bed, and took them out occasionally to see how they were getting along. Up to the present time . (b*i .... apparently there is little, if any, difference be- tween the corrosion on the wrought iron and the corrosion on the steel pipe. If anything, the wrought iron is pitted a little deeper; that is, the pitting on the steel pipe is probably more general all over the surface, but the pitting on the wrought iron pipe is deeper on the spots that are affected." (Page 274.) H Gas Record, June q, iqi 5, page 428. This information supplements that on pages 12, IS, 106, 275-277 rriJ "SHELBY" Seamless Steel Tubes 591 inch dOlTAW" SS 9 3 6 C lUJsKI .. .., "SHELBY" SEAMLESS STEEL TUBES Page 15 Materials A new grade of steel, called .12% Carbon Open-Hearth is used for boiler tubes exclusively. Chemical Analysis: Carbon ............................ 08 to .18 per cent. Manganese ......................... 30 to .50 per cent. Phosphorus ....................... not over .040 per cent. Sulphur ................ - over - 4S per cent - Page 16 Physical Properties of "SHELBY" Seamless Steel Tubes .17 Per. Cent Carbon Steel Chemical Analysis: The sulphur and phosphorus limits of .17% Carbon Steel should be changed to read as follows: Sulphur not over .045 per cent. Phosphorus. . . not over .040 per cent. instead of Sulphur 015 to .040 per cent. Phosphorus oio to .035 per cent. /r:Vut:J rijiw DQiq lo JOQ! -mi Jiigbw srfT pdi] -.>.-. ..J t saibi>l7fli ,^9^Voa lo djqgfi oiftsmib IIA .gbnuog ij.i. n-^via a^aisw llA . . I'u.ii. ;/; ji^ia^ This information supplements that on pages 15 and JG 592 "NATIONAL" Standard Pipe-"NATIONAL" Line Pipe Page 22 "NATIONAL" Standard PipeBlack and Galvanized All Weights and Dimensions are Nominal Size Diameters Thick- ness Weight per foot Thr'ds per inch Couplings Exter- nal Inter- nal Plain ends Threads and coup- lings Diam- eter L'gth Weight I70.D. iSO.D. aoO.D. 17.000 18.000 20.000 16.214 17.182 19.182 393 .409 .409 69.704 76.840 85.577 72.602 80.482 89.617 8 8 8 18.683 19.921 21.921 7X 7 1 A 7*A 90.941 108.672 120.187 The permissible variation in weight is 5 per cent above and 5 per cent below. Furnished with threads and couplings and in random lengths unless otherwise ordered. Taper of threads is K-inch diameter per foot length for all sizes. The weight per foot of pipe with threads and couplings is based on a length of 20 feet, including the coupling. All weights given in pounds. All dimensions in inches. For general notes see page 21. For test pressures see page 621. For illustration showing joint see tern 1 1 o ! page 77 Page 23 "NATIONAL" Line Pipe All Weights and Dimensions are Nominal Size Diameters Thick- ness Weight per foot Thr'ds ^cl- inch Couplings Exter- nal Inter- nal Plain ends Threads and coup- lings Diam- eter L'gth Weight I7O.D. iSO.D. 2oO.D. 17.000 18.000 20.000 16.214 17.182 19.182 393 .409 .409 69.704 76.840 85.577 72.769 80.659 89.794 8 8 8 18.683 19.921 21.921 7H 7X 7tt 91.064 108.900 120.547 The permissible variation in weight is 5 per cent above and 5 per cent below. Furnished with threads and couplings and in random lengths unless otherwise ordered. Taper of threads is K-inch diameter per foot length for all sizes. The weight per foot of pipe with threads and couplings is based on a length of 20 feet, including the coupling. All weights given in pounds. All dimensions given in inches. For general notes see page 21. For test pressures see page 621. For illustration showing joint see page 77. This information supplements that on pages 22 and "NATIONAL" California Casing and Tubing 593 Page 29 NATIONAL" California Diamond BX Casing All Weights and Dimensions are Nominal Diameters Weight per foot Couplings Size Thick- Threads Th'rds Exter- Inter- ness Plain and per Diam- nal nal ends coup- inch eter L'gth Weight lings 4M 4-750 4.082 334 15-752 16.000 10 5-364 6 $/& 9-963 5.000 4-Soo .250 12.682 12.850 10 5-491 6^ 8-533 4^ 5.000 4.408 .296 14.870 15.000 10 5-491 6^6 8-533 6^t 7.000 6.336 -332 23-643 24.000 10 7.698 7fi 17-943 ii 11.750 11.000 375 45-557 47.000 10 12.866 &y& 49 379 ii 11.750 10.772 .489 58.811 60.000 10 12.866 & 1 A 49-379 I2> 13.000 12.220 390 52.523 54.000 10 14.116 8H 54-508 The permissible variation in weight is 5 per cent above and 5 per. cent below. Furnished with threads and couplings and in random lengths unless otherwise orde red. Taper of threads is H-inch diameter per foot length for all sizes. The weight per foot of casing with threads and couplings is based on a length of 20 feet, including the coupling, but shipping lengths of small sizes will usually average less than 20 feet. All weights i jiven in pounds. All < iimensions given in in< :hes. This casing not furnished in lighter weights, but can be made heavier than shown ab< Dve. When one size of casing is intended to telescope with another, it should always be specified when ordering. On sizes made in more than one weight, weight desired must be specified. For general i lotes see page 21. Fo r test pressures see paj ?e 621 For illustration showing joint see page 82. Page 30 "NATIONAL" California Special External Upset Tubing All Weights and Dimensions are Nominal Diameters Weight per foot Couplings Size Thick- Threads Thr'ds Exter- Inter- ness Plain and per Diam- nal nal ends coup- eter L'gth Weight lings T-% i. 660 1.380 .140 2.272 2.300 uK 2. 20O 2>i 1.049 2 2-375 2.041 .167 3.938 4.000 11% 3.060 3^5 2.329 2 2-375 1-995 .190 4-433 4-5oo 11^2 3.060 3^ 2.329 ! 2K 2.875 2.441 .217 6.160 6.250 nK 3.668 4*/t 3.891 The permissible variation in weight is 5 per cent above and 5 per cent below. Furnished with threads and couplings and in random lengths unless otherwise orde red. Taper of threads is K-inch diameter per foot length for all sizes. The weight per foot of tubing wit h threads and couplin gs is based on a length of 20 feet, including the coupling, but shipping lengths will usually average less than 20 feet. On sizes made in more than one weight, weight desired must be specified . All weights i jiven in pounds. All ( Iimensions given in inc :hes. For general notes see page 21. For test pressures see page 623. For illustration showing joint see page 82. This information supplements that on pages 29 and SO 594 "NATIONAL" Special Rotary Pipe "NATIONAL" Special Rotary Pipe All Weights and Dimensions are Nominal Size Diameters Thick- ness Weight per foot Thr'ds per inch Couplings Exter- nal Inter- nal Plain ends Threads and coup- lings 15.000 18.000 2I.OOO 29.OOO Diam- eter L'gth Weight *4K % 4-Soo 5.000 II 63 6.625 3.826 4.290 4.813 5.761 337 355 375 432 14.983 17.611 20.778 28.573 8 8 8 8 5-303 5-803 6-334 7.396 6X 6K 7H 7H 11.768 12.988 16.561 19-561 *These sizes are included in the list on page 34, but the coupling data has been revised. The permissible variation in weight is 5 per cent above and 5 per cent below. Furnished with threads and couplings and in random lengths unless otherwise ordered. Taper of threads is 2<-inch diameter per foot length for all sizes. The weight per foot of pipe with threads and couplings is based on a length of 20 feet, including the coupling, but shipping lengths of small sizes will usually average less than 20 feet. All weights given in pounds. All dimensions given in inches. On sizes made in more than one weight, weight desired must be specified. For general notes see page 21. For test pressures see page 76. For illustration showing joint see page 79. bnJOii :ui>v >! Size Diameters Thickness Weight per foot plain ends External Internal X iX 1.050 i. 900 .742 1.500 154 .200 1-473 3-631 The permissible variation in weight is 5 per cent above and 5 per cent below. Furnished with plain ends and in random lengths unless otherwise ordered. This pipe is made in random lengths up to 40 feet. All weights given in pounds. All dimensions given in inches. For general notes see page ai. For test pressures see page 623. Page 40 "NATIONAL" Locomotive Boiler Tubes Lap-Welded Open-Hearth Steel All Weights and Dimensions are Nominal (For test pressures see page 622) Diameters Exter- Inter- nal Thickness Inches B.W.G Weight foot Length of tube per square foot Square foot of surface per lineal foot External Surface Internal Surface External Surface Internal Surface 2K 2.170 2.140 2.670 2.640 .180 .165 .180 4.114 4.460 4-995 5.421 1-527 1.527 1.273 1.273 1.760 1.784 1.430 1.446 .654 .654 .785 .785 .568 .560 -699 .691 NOTE. Please eliminate from page 40 all reference to 2^2 -inch O. D. No. 13 gauge, and 3-inch O. D. No. 13 gauge Lap-Welded "NATIONAL" Locomotive Boiler Tubes. This information supplements that on pages 37 and 40 "NATIONAL" Ammonia Pipe Hydraulic Pipe 597 "NATIONAL" Ammonia Pipe, Specially Recommended for Ammonia Purposes All Weights and Dimensions are Nominal Diameters Exter- nal 1.050 1-315 1.660 i. 900 2-375 Inter- Thick- nal ness .824 1.049 1.380 1.610 2.067 Weight per foot! Threads Thr'ds .113 133 .140 145 154 Plain ends 1.130 1.678 2.272 2.717 3.652 and coup- lings I.I37 1.686 2.297 2.744 3.706 per inch Couplings Diam- eter L'gth 1.300 1-559 2.031 2.271 2.817 2H Weight 323 454 .992 1.125 2.098 Sizes %"-mch to iK-inch, inclusive, are butt-welded and redrawn fron a larger size ; 2-inch size is lap- welded (not redrawn.) The permissible variation in weight is 5 per cent above and 5 per cent below. Furnished with threads and couplings and in random lengths unless otherwise ordered. Taper of threads is K-inch diameter per foot length for all sizes. The weight per foot, of pipe with threads and couplings is based on a length of 20 feet, including the coupling, but shipping lengths of smar sizes will usually average less than 20 feet. All weights given in pounds. All dimensions given in inches. For general notes see page 21. For test pressures see page 623. For illustration showing joint see page 624. i- ? "NATIONAL" Hydraulic Pipe All Weights and Dimensions are Nominal 1600 | 71.089 1400 80.101 1300 I 88.1x1 I2OO I 96.121 The permissible variation in weight is 10 per cent above and 10 per cent below. Furnished with plain ends and in random lengths, unless otherwise ordered. All weights given in pounds. All dimensions given in inches. For general notes see page 21. This information supplements that on pages 22 to 45> 68 to 76 598 "NATIONAL" Large O. D. Pipe, Plain Ends ["NATIONAL" Large O. D. Pipe, Plain Ends ! All Weights and Dimensions are Nominal THICKNESS o to 1 o M 8| 8 * 8 ^ 8 oo i 3 tf 8, W M vo* 5 et- 00 to 8 140-522 1 1 6 1 s \n 8 VJ SI 1 oo o| il.' 11 rj-l o| O 8 10 Tf 8 g gj 3 g M w to 3 M 2> M 1 M 00 H S 8 <* o rf Tf 8 | 8 a % S 8 it i ?F ' H __ ' 5 00 ! M *"* *! to o 1 8 00 a 1 3 0>j O M t H 1 i s 6 00 05-054 8 O o I2OO ] 8 ns-079 l o I 1 vd J3 8 g 8 oct o 00 8 o\ o 00 8 4 ri? i "* N i 00 s 00 o 8 S & 1 8 to 8 "8 ! o vr. 5 3 vo V 1 1 1 M 5 8 to 00 8 i to 8 to CO 1 tO to i i External Diameter * :io : *J -M ' a ' ^ a n *J ' n *j fl ' Weight per fo< plain ends . . i est pressure pounds Weight per fo< plain ends . . lest pressure pounds Weight per fo plain ends . . lest pressure pounds Weight per fo plain ends . . Test pressure pounds W eight per f o plain ends . . I est pressure pounds : I i est pressure pounds W eight per fo< plain ends . . 1 est pressure pounds * E 2 M 00 o M T^is information supplements that on pages 22 to 45, 68 to 76 ''NATIONAL" Large O. D. Pipe, Plain Ends 599 ("NATIONAL" Large O. D. Pipe, Plain Ends (Concluded) .;; cr The permissible variation in weight is 10 per cent above and 10 per cent below. Furnished with plain ends and in random lengths unless otherwise ordered. All weights given in pounds. All dimensions given in inches. For general notes see page 21. THICKNESS 3? y^w, M 1OL X X 170.215 IOOO to O *0| 00 j t/i 00 1 M 1 I z vO * vd I H o 00 o* oq 00 200.545 to vO X \q CG i oo <8 o 00 vO^ 8 VO R 00 00 CO 4 8 r- 00 00 00 \o I to M oo w M O to 1 to 1 I to 00 8 to o Hs 1 8 1 1 d M I 00 & N O PO to 3 X vO vd 00 8 ! 8 vq * co 5 \ * b fce>* &rt/6 External Diameter Weight per foot plain ends .... g : O ' 2 o i s % ' Test pressure in pounds Weight per foot plain ends .... 3 : !i ( Test pressur pounds. . . Weight per f plain ends Test pressur pounds . . . Weight per f plain ends Test pressur pounds. . . It 5 5 00 I This information supplements that on vaaes 22 to 45, 68 to 76 600 "NATIONAL" Plain End Pipe for Gas Lines "NATIONAL" Plain End Pipe for Gas Lines Ends Fitted Specially for Specified Coupler or for Welding All Weights and Dimensions are Nominal The permissible variation in weight ia 5 per cent above and 5 per cent below O D Nominal thickness Mill Weight inches Birming'm Fraction Decimal test per foot wire gauge inches inches 4K .128 700 5.976 4K 10 .134 700 6.248 l^L oc .142 800 6.609 40 'l as . .148 .165 800 900 6.879 7-63Q 4/" jr- 1 .180 IIOO 8.304 4M *KI . ,* ft 1875 1 200 8.635 4/^ 6 .203 1300 9.316 4/^2 .205 1300 9403 4/^ 1 ** ' ii 237 1600 0.790 4K K .250 1800 1-347 4K .252 1800 i 433 4K 'w. . i -255 1800 1.561 .271 1800 2.240 4K ^rr~~ 3g 3125 1900 3-975 4K S *i!s 337 200O 4-983 4?A 145 800 7.I3I 42? A .1875 IIOO 9.136 4^4 .193 I20O 9-393 4^ % .250 1600 12.015 4K ft 3125 1800 14.810 4?? 334 I800 15.752 3 * S 10 .134 700 6.963 5 9 .148 750 7.669 I. I .152 800 7.870 s i - Li i2t-t_ .165 900 8.520 - i c 7 .180 IOOO 9.266 ft .1875 IIOO 9.637 ")- '6 .203 I2OO 10.400 2. : ~ 5 .220 1400 11.231 5 247 1600 12.538 % .250 1600 12.682 S .288 I70O 14-493 5 .306 1700 IS 340 5 ft 3125 I70O 15.644 355 1800 17.611 5% -153 800 8.328 5x4" .182 900 9-851 5/^ ^ .1875 IOOO 10.137 sK .241 1400 12.892 sK x^ .250 1500 13.350 5x^ .301 1600 15.909 5X ft .3125 1600 16.479 5K 10 134 700 7.679 sK -154 800 8.792 5K ft 1875 IOOO 10.638 5K .228 I2OO 12.837 This information supplements that on pages 22 to 45, 68 to 76 "NATIONAL" Plain End Pipe for Gas Lines 601 "NATIONAL" Plain End Pipe for Gas Lines (Continued) Ends Fitted Specially for Specified Coupler or for Welding Nominal thickness 0. D. . ._^_ Mill Weight inches Birming'm wire gauge Fraction inches Decimal inches test per foot 5K ~ % .250 1400 14.017 -304 1600 16.870 5K TS 3125 1600 17-313 fc A 1875 IOOO 10.764 5^ K .250 1400 14-185 STS .258 1500 14.617 5^r ,293 1600 16.491 5^ . . 364 1600 17074 5A . . A 3125 1600 17-523 ^ 375 1800 20.778 <$? .140 700 8.762 6 *9 .148 700 9.250 mil ^? .15625 800 9-751 - .164 8OO IO.222 ^^' j *8 ] ] -165 800 10.282 $?Hj f .184 800 12.657 6-Hj .185 800 12.724 6^6 TS .1875 800 12.891 6-Hs 6 .203 900 13.923 6^ A .21875 1000 14.966 6^ *5 .220 IOOO 15-049 6-H? 4 .238 iioo 16 234 6f6 . . 245 iioo 16.694 6^i % .250 iioo 17.021 6^ 3 259 I2OO 17.609 6^ .280 1500 18.974 6f^ A .28125 1500 19-055 6H a 00 ' .284 1500 19.233 6^H? .288 1500 19.491 65/6 .292 1500 19.750 6f6 ij .300 I50O 20.265 6y& -^ .3125 1500 21.068 6' ?*6 o .340 IOOO 22.822 6 -Hi ' 344 1600 23.076 6^8 352 1600 23.582 6 5^ .' .356 1600 23-835 6^ v .385 1600 25-658 This information supplements that on pages 22 to 45, 68 to 76 602 "NATIONAL" Plain End Pipe for Gas Lines "NATIONAL" Plain End Pipe for Gas Lines (Continued) Ends Fitted Specially for Specified Coupler or for Welding Nominal thickness 0. D. Mill Weight inches Birming'm Fraction Decimal test per foot wire gauge inches inches 6^ .417 1700 27.648 6H 432 1800 28.573 7 .149 600 10.902 7 ft .15625 700 11.420 ftblb 'a .165 700 12.044 I|M .174 800 12.685 floj; 7 .180 800 13-110 3i\ A .1875 800 13.642 7 '6 .203 900 14-736 7 A .21875 IOOO 15.842 7 5 .220 IOOO 15-930 7 .231 IOOO 16.699 ilVg 4 .238 IOOO 17.188 ftftSi K .250 IIOO 18.022 7 3 .259 IIOO 18.646 7 .272 I2OO 19-544 7 275 I20O 19-751 7 & .28125 I2OO 20.181 7 2 .284 I2OO 20.37O 7 X 00] 300 1300 21.467 7 A 3125 1300 22.319 7 -333 1300 23.711 7 .362 I40O 25.663 7 393 1500 27.731 423 1600 29.712 7H .181 750 14.390 7^ ft .1875 750 14.893 7H *6 .203 800 16.091 7H ft .21875 900 17-303 7H 5 .220 900 17-399 7H 4 .238 IOOO 18.776 7# X .250 IOOO 19.691 7H 3 .259 IOOO 20.375 7H A .28125 IIOO 22.059 7H 2 .284 IIOO 22.266 7H 301 I2OO 23-544 8 .158 600 13-233 8 '8 .165 600 13-807 8 7 .ISO 700 15-033 8 .185 700 15-441 8 .186 700 15-522 8 A .1875 700 15-644 8 '6 .203 800 16.904 8 5S .21875 800 18.179 8 5 .220 800 18.280 8 .236 900 19.569 8 4 .238 900 19.730 8 K .250 IOOO 20.692 8 3 259 IOOO 21.412 8 A .28125 IIOO 23-185 8 2 .284 IIOO 23.403 This information supplements that on pages 22 to $, 68 to 76 "NATIONAL" Plain End Pipe for Gas Lines 603 "NATIONAL" Plain End Pipe for Gas Lines (Continued) Ends Fitted Specially for Specified Coupler or for Welding Nominal thickness O D Mill Weight inches Birming'm Fraction Decimal test per foot wire gauge inches inches 8 i .300 1200 24.671 8 307 I2OO 25.223 8 fs 3125 I2OO 25.657 SH . m r .188 750 16.940 85^5 6 .203 750 18.259 8^ .217 800 19.486 8/J3 57 .21875 800 19.639 8f^ 5 .220 800 19.748 8i 4 .238 900 21.318 8H % .250 900 22.361 S^i 3 259 900 23 141 Itt " .264 .277 I OOO I OOO 23-574 24.696 S^i A .28125 1000 25.062 8 f6 2 .284 I OOO 25.299 85/8 I .300 IIOO 26.673 85/8 * 304 IIOO 27.016 IH V i^ -311 3125 1200 I2OO 27-615 27-743 8^ I . . ^ ; 322 1200 28.554 sfl " " ki tt 340 34375 I2OO I2OO 30.084 30.402 Itt * * ;; 352 354 I2OO I2OO 31.101 31 270 8^4 ^ 375 1300 33-041 8^ .400 I3OO 35-137 8fg H .40625 1300 35.659 JH OOO .425 I4OO 37.220 8^15 iV 4375 1400 38.256 8# .487 I5OO 42.327 9 .167 6OO 15.754 9 "7 .180 6OO 16.955 9 A -1875 6OO 17.647 9 .196 6OO 18.429 '6 .203 700 19.072 9 A .21875 750 20.515 9 5 .220 750 20.629 9 4 .238 800 22.271 9 M .250 800 23-362 9 3 .259 800 24.179 9 4 .28125 900 26.189 9 jjOOi- .284 900 26.437 9 I .300 1000 27875 9/^ 7 .180 600 18.157 9p ..'8 iV V .1875 .203 .21875 600 600 700 18.898 20.427 21-975 9/ / 8 5 .220 700 22.098 9^8 4 .238 800 23.860 9/^8 M .250 800 25-031 9^8 3 .259 800 25.907 This information supplements that on pages 22 to 45, 68 to 76 604 "NATIONAL" Plain End Pipe for Gas Lines "NATIONAL" Plain End Pipe for Gas Lines (Continued) Ends Fitted Specially for Specified Coupler or for Welding O-pv Nominal thickness Mill W*itrVit . u. inches Birming'm Fraction Decimal 111 test eignt per foot wire gauge inches inches 9% & .28125 900 28.066 9% 2 .284 900 28.332 9 5 A i .300 IOOO 20.877 9% S 3125 IOOO 31.080 9% o 340 I2OO 33.7i6 9% 342 I2OO 33.907 10 -175 500 18.363 10 7 .180 500 18.878 1 *6 * .1875 203 6OO 600 19.649 21.240 10 .208 600 21.752 IO .209 6OO 21.855 10 * .21875 600 22.851 10 5 .220 600 22.979 10 4 .238 700 24-813 IO U .250 700 26.032 10 3 259 800 26.945 10 .270 800 28.057 IO A .28125 9OO 29.193 10 .283 900 29.369 r$c Of 2 -* ., .284 9OO 29.470 IP, o r * .300 QOO 31.079 IO .308 IOOO 31-881 10 A 3125 IOOO 32.332 IO 340 IIOO 35-077 0% 6 .203 600 22.866 % A .21875 600 24.604 5 .220 600 24-741 0% 4 .238 700 26.720 &A M 250 700 28.035 0% 3 259 700 29.019 oH ' .279 800 31.201 0*4 A .28125 800 31-445 o/4 4;o 3 .284 800 31.745 / I . '! 300 900 33-482 o/4 302 900 33-699 o% .307 900 34.240 0% .348 IOOO 38.661 0% .365 IOOO 40.483 0% 395 IOOO 43-684 0% .424 IIOO 46.760 o*A 483 I2OO 52.962 oH H .500 I20O 54-735 I .185 500 21.368 I "(> .203 500 23-408 I A .21875 600 25.188 I 5 .220 600 25-329 |tr s .224 600 25-780 p; ?f \ 4 M .238 .250 700 700 27-355 28.702 II 3 259 700 29.711 This information supplements that on pages 82 to fi, 68 to 76 "NATIONAL" Plain End Pipe for Gas Lines 605 "NATIONAL" Plain End Pipe for Gas Lines (Continued) Ends Fitted Specially for Specified Coupler or for Welding Nominal thickness Q D ' TV-Till Weight inches Birming'm Fraction Decimal j test per foot wire gauge inches inches ii & .28125 800 32.196 ii 2 .284 800 32.503 gw$ .290 800 33-171 ii i .300 800 34-283 ii A 3125 900 35-670 ii o 340 900 38.709 nM 6 .203 500 25-034 5S A .21875 600 26.940 fextt 5 .220 600 27.091 11% 4 .238 600 29.262 **tf M .250 600 30.705 i*U 3 259 600 31-785 n*A .28125 700 34-449 **& 2 .284 700 34.778 n% I 300 800 36.686 3125 800 38.173 nM O 340 900 41.432 i*M H 34375 900 41.875 nM H 375 900 45-557 12 .194 500 24.461 12 6 .203 500 25.576 12 TS .21875 500 27-524 12 5 - .220 500 27.678 12 12 4 ' m 600 600 28.788 29.897 12 og .243 600 30.512 12 12 " ^2485 600 600 30.635 31.188 12 003 & .250 600 31-372 12 3 .259 600 32.477 12 .2715 700 34.008 12 TI .28125 700 35-200 12 2 .284 700 35.536 12 .292 700 36.512 12 I .. .300 700 37.487 12 ood .308 800 38.460 12 007 .310 800 38.703 12 A .3125 800 39-007 12 .320 800 39.918 12 o 340 900 42-340 ait-.o?. H 34375 900 42-793 8t4 ? 375 900 46.558 2% 6 203 500 27.202 2 *& A .21875 500 29.276 2% 5 .220 500 29.440 2% 4 .238 500 31-803 2% M .250 600 33-375 2% 3 .259 600 34-552 2% ^r -28125 700 37-453 2% 2 .284 700 37-8II **A #.?' .300 700 39-890 information supplements that on pages 22 to 45, 68 to 76 606 "NATIONAL" Plain End Pipe for Gas Lines "NATIONAL" Plain End Pipe for Gas Lines (Continued) Ends Fitted Specially for Specified Coupler or for Welding Nominal thickness iim< Or) Mill WfiVht , \j. inches B inning' m Fraction Decimal test w eignt per foot wire gauge inches inches "j -i rj 12% & 3125 700 41.510 12% 330 800 43-773 12% o 340 800 45-063 12% 34375 800 45-547 12% H 375 QOO 49-562 13 .202 500 27.610 13 "6 .203 SOO 27.744 13 A .21875 500 29.860 13 s .220 500 30.028 13 4 .238 SOO 32.439 13 .247 600 33-642 13 '.'. X .250 60O 34-043 13 3 259 600 35-243 13 .281 700 38.171 13 & .28125 700 38.204 13 08 .284 700 38-569 13 $-0 .300 700 40.691 13 . . .310 700 42.014 13 ' [ A 3125 7OO 42.345 13 .320 800 43-335 13 340 800 45-971 13 H 34375 800 46.464 13 359 900 48.467 I 3 \ | 1 ] .361 QOO 48.730 13 ' ' 390 IOOO 52.523 14 14 [ [ .. & .210 .21875 500 500 30.928 32.196 14 5 . .220 SOO 32.377 14 4 .238 SOO 34-981 14 .248 550 36.424 14 'A x .250 SSO 36.713 14 3 .259 SSO 38.009 14 .276 60O 40.454 14 A .28125 60O 41.208 14 2 .284 6OO 41.602 14 ^0 -300 600 43.895 14 ^OOo .310 700 45.325 14 8 A .. .3125 .328 700 750 45-682 47.894 14 'o 340 750 49.602 14 H 34375 750 50.136 14 14 H 375 .40625 750 800 54-568 58.980 14 43 7 S 900 63-37I 14 .0 ?8is .46875 IOOO 67.741 15 is .. opr) .. .222 .238 500 500 35.038 37.523 15 K .2SO 500 39-383 15 3 259 550 40-775 15 .260 550 40.930 15 A .28125 550 44.212 This information supplements that on pages 22 to #>, 68 to 76 " NATIONAL" Plain End Pipe for Gas Lines 607 "NATIONAL" Plain End Pipe for Gas Lines (Continued) Ends Fitted Specially for Specified Coupler or for Welding Nominal thickness D Mill inches Birming'ml Fraction Decimal test w eignt per foot wire gauge) inches inches 15 2 .284 550 44-636 15 .291 550 45-714 15 i .300 600 47.099 IS A 3125 600 49.020 15 .320 650 50.171 15 340 700 53-234 IS IS 1 34375 375 700 750 53.807 58.573 IS if .40625 800 63-319 IS iV 4375 800 68.044 15 9 .46875 900 72.748 IS Yi .500 1000 77-431 IS 1 .OOQ & .5625 1 100 86.734 16 .. 234 500 39-401 16 QVSfc] .238 500 40.065 16 X .250 500 42.053 16 3 259 500 43-542 16 .270 550 45-359 16 A .28125 550 47-215 16 2 .284 550 47.669 16 I .300 550 50.303 16 .302 550 50.632 16 A 3125 550 52.357 16 330 600 55-228 16 O 340 650 56.865 16 $ 34375 650 57.478 16 % 375 750 62.579 16 .401 800 66.806 16 H .40625 800 67-658 16 A 4375 800 72.716 16 16 8 .46875 500 900 IOOO 77-754 82.771 17 .240 450 42.959 17 # .250 450 44.723 17 3 259 450 46.308 1 " 2 * .28125 .284 500 500 50.219 50.702 17 i .300 500 53.507 17 A 3125 500 55.695 17 o 340 600 60.496 17 H 34375 600 61.150 17 H 375 650 66.584 17 393 750 69.704 17 H .40625 750 71.997 17 A 4375 750 77-389 17 H .46875 800 82.760 17 # .500 900 88.ni 17 A 5625 IOOO 98.749 18 -245 450 46.458 18 >< .250 450 47-393 18 3 259 450 49-074 18 A .28125 500 53-223 This information supplements that on pages 22 to Jp, 68 to 76 608 "NATIONAL" Plain End Pipe for Gas Lines "NATIONAL" Plain End Pipe for Gas Lines (Concluded) Ends Fitted Specially for Specified Coupler or for Welding Nominal thickness O. D. Mill W'eisht inches Birming'm Fraction Decimal test per foot wire gauge inches inches 18 2 .284 500 53-735 18 I .300 500 56.711 18 .310 500 58.568 18 A 3125 500 59-032 18 340 550 64.127 18 H 34375 550 64.821 18 375 600 70.589 18 f . H .40625 700 76.336 18 .409 700 76.840 18 18 1 4375 .46875 700 750 82.061 87.767 18 .500 800 93-451 18 A 5625 900 104.757 19 3 259 450 51-840 19 A .28125 450 56.227 19 2 .284 450 56.768 19 I 300 500 59-915 19 & 3125 500 62.370 19 O 340 550 67.759 19 H 34375 550 68.492 19 375 600 74-594 19 19 t .40625 4375 650 700 80.674 86.734 19 H .46875 750 92.773 aiftfZ .500 800 98.791 20 .272 450 57.309 2O A .28125 450 59.231 20 2 .284 450 59.8oi 2O X .300 450 63.119 20 TS 3125 500 65-708 2O -340 550 71.390 20 t . H 34375 550 72.164 20 375 600 78.599 20 .409 650 85.577 6 $"l 301 450 69.756 22 A -3125 340 450 500 72.383 78.652 '2'J-'' ' H 34375 500 79.506 22 X 375 500 86.609 22 .400 550 92.276 11 " s .40625 4375 550 600 93.691 100.752 3~! 46875 600 107.792 K .500 650 114.811 24 330 450 83-423 24 340 450 85.915 24 ti 34375 450 86.849 24 N 375 500 94.619 24 .40625 500 102.368 24 A 4375 550 110.097 24 M .46875 550 117-805 24 .. % .500 600 125.491 . This information supplements that on pages 22 to J&, 68 to 76 Square Pipe Rectangular Pipe 609 31I<1 iO SQUARE AND RECTANGULAR PIPE Since the publication of the 1913 edition of Book of Standards, National Tube Company has discontinued the manufacture of welded square and rectangular pipe. Orders can be filled, however, with "SHELBY" Seam- less Square and Rectangular Tubing, which will be found to surpass the welded pipe in finish, strength, accuracy to size, etc. : i's;*te0i 1000 12 2 O. D. y = distance of farthest fiber from axis. Exter- nal diam- eter Thick- ness Weight per foot Mo- ment of inertia Section modu- lus Area of metal, square inches Radius of gyra- tion squared Radius of gyra- tion Strength factor O.D. I i/y A R*=I/A R Q 7.625 .284 22.266 44.19 11.59 6-550 6.746 2-597 26.08 8.000 .180 15-033 33-82 8-455 4.422 7.648 2.766 19.02 8.000 1875 15.644 35-13 8.783 4.602 7-634 2.763 19.76 8.000 .203 16.904 37.8i 9-453 4.972 7.604 2.758 21.27 8.000 .21875 18.179 40-50 10.13 5-347 7-574 2.752 22.78 8.000 .220 18.280 40.72 10.18 5-377 7-572 2.752 22.90 8.000 .238 19.730 43-75 10.94 5-804 7.538 2.746 24.61 8.000 .250 20.692 45-75 11.44 6.087 7.5i6 2.741 25-73 8.000 259 21.412 47-23 11.81 6.299 7-499 2.738 26.57 8.000 .28125 23-185 50.86 12.71 6.820 7-457 2.731 28.61 8.000 .284 23-403 51-30 12.83 6.884 7-452 2.730 28.86 8.000 300 24.671 53.87 13-47 7-257 7.423 2.724 30.30 8.000 3125 25.657 55.84 13.96 7-547 7-399 2.720 31-41 8.625 .203 18.259 47.65 11.05 5-371 8.871 2.978 24.86 8.625 .21875 19.639 51.06 II 84 5-777 8.839 2-973 26.64 8.625 .220 19.748 51.33 11.90 5-809 8.837 2-973 26.78 8.625 .238 21.318 SS.iS 12.80 6.271 8.800 2.966 28.79 8.625 .250 22.361 57-72 13.38 6.578 8-775 2.962 30.12 8.625 259 23.141 59-61 13-82 6.807 8-757 2-959 31-10 8.625 .28125 25.062 64.23 14.89 7-372 8.712 2-952 33-51 8.625 .28 4 25-299 64.79 15-02 7-442 8.707 2.951 33-Si 8.625 300 26.673 68.06 15.78 7.846 8.674 2-945 35-51 8.625 3125 27-743 70.59 16.37 8.161 8.649 2.941 36.83 8.625 340 30.084 76.06 17.64 8.850 8-595 2.932 39-68 8.625 34375 30.402 76.80 17.81 8-943 8.587 2.930 40.07 8.625 375 33-041 82.86 19.21 9.719 8.525 2.920 43-23 8.625 .40625 35-659 88.78 20.59 10.49 8.464 2.909 46-32 8.625 4375 38.256 94.56 21.93 11-25 8.403 2.899 49-34 9.000 1875 17.647 50.41 11.20 5.I9I 9.712 3.116 J -i-LC^ 25-21 9.000 .203 19.072 54-30 I2.O7 5-6io 9.679 3.111 27.15 9.000 .21875 20.515 58.20 12.93 6.035 9.645 3-io6 29.10 9.000 .220 20.629 58.51 13.00 6.068 9.642 3-105 29.26 9.000 238 22.271 62.92 13.98 6-551 9.604 3-099 31.46 9.000 259 24.179 67.99 15-11 7.112 9-559 3.092 33-99 9.000 .28125 26.189 73-28 16.28 7.704 9-512 3-084 36.64 9.000 .284 26.437 73-92 16.43 7-777 9.506 3-083 36.96 9.000 300 27-875 77.67 17.26 8.200 9-473 3-078 38-84 9.625 .180 . 18.157 59-58 12.38 5-341 ii. 16 3-340 27.86 9.625 .1875 18.898 61.92 12.87 5-559 11.14 3-337 28.95 9.625 .203 20.427 66.71 1386 6.009 II. 10 3-332 3I.I9 . 1 This information supplements that on page 63 614 Properties of Pipe Properties of Pipe (Continued) foot pounds / 27000 i 9 / ^trencth factor ~~ - - X X 1000 y 1000 12 2 O. D. y = distance of farthest fiber from axis. Exter- nal diam- eter Thick- ness Weight per foot Mo- ment of inertia Section modu- lus Area of metal, square inches Radius of gyra- tion squared Radius of gyra- tion Strength factor O.D. I 1,'y A R*=I/A R Q 9-625 .21875 21-975 71-53 14.86 6.464 1.07 3-327 33-44 9.625 .220 22.098 71.91 14.94 6.500 i. 06 3-326 33.62 9-625 .238 23.860 77.36 16.07 7.019 i. 02 3-320 36.17 9-625 -250 25.031 80.95 16.82 7-363 0-99 3-316 37.85 9-625 259 25.907 83.63 17.38 7.621 0.97 3-313 39.10 9-625 .28125 28.066 90.18 18.74 8.256 0.92 3-305 42.16 9.625 .284 28.332 90.98 18.91 8-334 O.Q2 3-304 42.54 9-625 .300 29-877 95.63 19.87 8.789 0.88 3-299 44.71 9-625 3125 31.080 99.22 20.62 9-143 0.85 3-294 46.39 9-625 340 33.7i6 107.0 22.24 9.918 0.79 3-285 50.04 9-625 .625 60.075 179-8 37.36 17.67 0.17 3.190 84.06 9-625 750 71.089 207.4 43-09 20.91 9.916 3-149 96.95 9.625 -875 81.769 232.5 48.31 24.05 9.666 3.109 108.7 9-625 1. 000 92.116 255-4 53-06 27.10 9.424 3-070 119.4 10.000 .180 18.878 66.96 13-39 5-553 12.06 3-472 30.13 IO.OOO .1875 19.649 69-59 13.92 5.780 12.04 3-470 31-32 IO.OOO .21875 22.851 80.43 16.09 6.722 11.97 3459 36.19 10.000 .220 22.979 80.86 16.17 6-759 11.96 3-459 36.39 10.000 .238 24-813 87.00 17.40 7.299 11.92 3-452 39-15 IO.OOO .250 26.032 91.05 18.21 7.658 11.89 3-448 40.97 IO.OOO .259 26.945 94-08 18.82 7.926 11.87 3-445 42.33 IO.OOO .28125 29.193 101.5 20.29 8-587 11.82 3.438 45-66 IO.OOO .284 29.470 102.4 20.48 8.669 11.81 3-437 46.07 IO.OOO .300 31-079 107.6 21.52 9.142 11.77 3-431 48.43 10.000 .3125 32.332 in. 7 22.34 9-5II 11.74 3.427 50.26 IO.OOO .340 35-077 120.5 24.10 10.32 11.68 3-4I7 54-23 10.750 .203 22.866 93.56 17.41 6.726 13-91 3-730 39-17 10.750 .21875 24.604 100.4 18.67 7-237 13-87 3724 42.02 10.750 .220 24.741 100.9 18.77 7-278 13-87 3.724 42.24 10.750 .238 26.720 1 08. 6 2O.2I 7.860 13.82 3.7i8 45-47 10.750 .250 28.035 H3.7 21. l6 8.247 13-79 3-713 47.60 10.750 .259 29.019 H7.S 21.86 8.536 13.77 3.710 49.19 10.750 .28125 31-445 126.8 23.59 9-250 15.71 3.703 53.o8 10.750 .284 31-745 127.9 23.80 9.338 13.70 3-702 53.56 10.750 .300 33-482 134.6 25.03 9.849 13.66 3-696 56.32 10.750 .625 67-585 255.7 47.58 19.88 12.86 3.587 107.0 10.750 .750 80.101 296.2 55.10 23-56 12-57 3-545 124.0 10.750 .875 92.283 333-5 62.04 27.15 12.29 3-505 139-6 10.750 I.OOO 104.131 367.8 68.43 30.63 12.01 3-465 154.0 ! n.ooo .203 23.408 100.4 18.25 6.886 I 4 .58 3.818 41.06 This information supplements that on pages 63 and 6J/ Properties of Pipe 615 Properties of Pipe (Continued) foot pounds / 27000 I 9 / Strength factor Q = - = X- X = 1000 y 1000 12 2 O. D. y = distance of farthest fiber from axis. Exter- nal diam- eter Thick- ness Weight per foot Mo- ment of inertia Section modu- lus Area of metal, square inches Radius of gyra- tion squared Radius of gyra- tion Strength factor O.D. 7 l/y A R*=l/A R Q II.OOO .21875 25.188 107.7 19.58 7.409 14.54 3-813 44-06 II.OOO .238 27-355 116.6 21.19 8.047 14.48 3-806 47.68 II.OOO .250 28.702 122.0 22.19 8.443 14-45 3.802 49-92 II.OOO 259 29.711 I26.I 22.93 8.740 14-43 3-799 51-59 II.OOO .28125 32.196 I36.I 24-75 9.471 14.37 3-791 55-68 II.OOO .284 32.503 137-3 24.97 9.561 14.36 3-790 56.18 1 1 .000 .300 34-283 144.4 26.26 1 0.08 14-32 3-785 59-09 II.OOO 3125 35-670 149.9 27.26 10.49 14.29 3.780 61.34 II.OOO 340 38.709 l6l.9 29.44 II-39 14.22 3-771 66.23 11.750 .203 25-034 122.8 20.90 7-364 16.67 4-083 47.02 11.750 .21875 26.940 I3I-8 22.43 7-925 16.63 4.078 50.46 11.750 .220 27.091 132.5 22.55 7.969 16.62 4.077 50.73 11.750 .238 29.262 142.7 24.28 8.608 16.57 4.071 54.63 11.750. .250 30.705 149.4 25-43 9-032 16.54 4.067 57.21 11.750 259 31-785 154-4 26.28 9-350 16.51 4.064 59-13 11.750 .28125 34-449 166.7 28.38 10.13 16.45 4.056 63-85 11.750 .284 34-778 168.2 28.63 10.23 16.44 4-055 64-43 11.750 .300 36.686 177.0 30.12 10.79 16.40 4.050 67-78 11.750 3125 38.173 183.7 31-28 11.23 16.36 4-045 70-37 11.750 340 41.432 198.5 33-79 12.19 16.29 4-036 76.02 11.750 34375 4I.875 200.5 34-13 12.32 16.28 4-035 76.79 11.750 .625 74.260 339-0 57-70 21.84 15-52 3-939 129.8 11.750 750 88.ni 393-8 67.04 25-92 15.20 3-898 150.8 11.750 875 101.628 444.8 75-71 29.89 14.88 3.857 170.3 i 11.750 I.OOO 114.811 492.1 83-76 33-77 14-57 3817 188.5 : 12.000 .203 25-576 130.9 21.82 7.523 17.40 4.171 49.09 12.000 .21875 27-524 140.5 23.42 8.096 17.36 4.166 52.69 I2.OOO .220 27.678 I4i 3 23-55 8.142 17-35 4.166 52.98 I2.OOO .238 29.897 152.1 25.36 8.794 17.30 4-159 57-05 12.000 .2485 31.188 158.4 26.41 9.174 17.27 4.156 59-41 I2.OOO .250 3L372 IS9.3 26.56 9.228 17.27 4-155 59.75 I2.OOO 259 32.477 164.7 27.45 9-553 17.24 4.152 61.76 12.000 .2715 34.008 172.1 28.68 10.00 17.20 4.148 64-54 I2.OOO .28125 35.200 177-8 29.64 0-35 17.18 4.144 66.69 I2.OOO .28 4 35.536 179-5 29.91 0-45 17.17 4-143 67.30 I2.OOO .292 36.512 184.1 30.69 0.74 17.15 4.141 69.05 I2.OOO 300 37487 188.8 31-47 1.03 17.12 4.138 70.80 I2.0OO .3125 39-007 196.1 32.68 1.47 17.09 4-134 73-52 I2.OOO 320 39.9i8 200.4 33-40 1.74 17.07 4.I3I 75-14 I2.OOO 340 42.340 211. 8 35.31 2-45 17.01 4.124 79-44 This information supplements that on page 616 Properties of Pipe Properties of Pipe (Continued) Strength fac foot pounds / 27000 I 9 / 1000 y 1000 12 2O y = distance of farthest fiber from axis. . D. Strength factor Exter- nal diam- eter Thick- ness Weight per foot Mo- ment of inertia Section modu- lus Area of metal, square inches Radius of gyra- tion squared Radius of gyra- tion O. D. / i/y A R*=I/A R Q I2.OOO 12.750 12.750 12.750 34375 .203 -21875 .220 42-793 27.202 29.276 29.440 214.0 ,157-5 169.1 170.0 35-66 24.71 26.52 26.67 12.59 8.002 8.612 8.660 17.00 19.68 19.64 19.63 4.123 4-437 4.431 4-431 80.24 55-59 59-68 60.00 12-750 12.750 12.750 12.750 .238 .250 259 .28125 31-803 33-375 34-552 37-453 183.1 191.8 198.3 214.2 28.73 30.09 31.11 33.6o 9-355 9.817 10.16 II.O2 19.58 19-54 I9-5I 19.44 4.424 4.420 4.417 4.409 64.64 67.70 69-99 75.60 12.750 12.750 12.750 12.750 .284 .300 -3125 340 37.Sn 39.890 41-510 45-063 216.2 227.5 236.3 255-4 33-91 35-68 37-06 40.06 II. 12 11-73 12.21 13.26 19.44 19-39 19-35 19.27 4.409 4-403 4-399 4.389 76.29 80.29 83-38 90.13 12.750 12.750 12.750 12.750 34375 .625 750 .875 45-547 80.935 96.121 110.973 258.0 438.7 510.9 578.5 40.46 68.81 80.15 90-75 13.40 23.81 28.27 32.64 19.25 18.43 18.07 17.72 4-388 4293 4.251 4.210 91.05 154.8 180.3 204.2 12.750 13.000 13.000 13.000 I.OOO .203 .21875 .220 125.491 27-744 29.860 30.028 641.7 167.1 179-4 180.4 100.7 25.71 27.60 27-75 36.91 8.161 8.784 8.833 17-38 20.48 20.43 20.42 4.169 4.525 4-520 4.519 226.5 57-84 62.10 62.44 13.000 13.000 13.000 I3.OOO .250 .28125 .284 .300 34-043 38-204 38.569 40.691 203.6 227.4 229.4 241.5 31-32 34.98 35-30 37-15 IO.OI 11.24 H-35 11.97 20.33 20.23 20.22 20.17 4-509 4.498 4-497 4.491 70.46 78.70 79-42 83-58 13.000 13.000 I3.0OO 13.000 .3125 .340 34375 390 42-345 45-971 46.464 52.523 250.8 271.1 273-9 307.4 38.58 41.71 42.13 47.29 12.46 13-52 13.67 15-45 20.13 20.05 20.04 19.90 4.487 4.478 4.476 4.460 86.81 93.85 94.80 106.4 I4.OOO I4.OOO I4.OOO I4.0OO .21875 .220 .238 -259 32.196 32-377 34.981 38.009 224.9 226.1 243-7 264.0 32 13 32.30 34-81 37-71 9.471 9.524 10.29 ii. 18 23-75 23-74 23-68 23.61 4.873 4.873 4.866 4.859 72.29 72.68 78.32 84.85 I4.OOO 14.000 14.000 14.000 .28125 .284 -300 .3125 41.208 41.602 43.895 45.682 285.3 287.9 303.1 314-9 40.75 41-13 43-30 44.98 12.12 12.24 12.91 13-44 23.54 23-53 23.47 23-43 4.851 4-850 4.845 4.841 91.70 92-54 97.42 IOI.2 I4.OOO I4.OOO I4.OOO I4.OOO 340 34375 .40625 4375 49.602 50.136 58.980 63-371 340.5 344-0 401.1 429.1 48.65 49-14 57-30 61.29 14-59 14-75 17-35 18.64 23-34 23-33 23.12 23.02 4-831 4-830 4.808 4.798 109.5- 110.6 128.9 137-9 ' This information supplements that on pages 64 and 65 Properties of Pipe 617 Properties of Pipe (Continued) foot pounds I 27000 I 9 / trcnsth factor X X 1000 y 1000 12 2 O. D. y = distance of farthest fiber from axis. Exter- nal diam- eter Thick- ness f>.mb&% Weight per foot Mo- ment oi inertia Section modu- lus Area of metal, square inches Radius of gyra- tion squared Radius of gyra- tion Strength factor O. D. 7 i/y A R*=I/A R Q 14.000 .46875 67.741 456.6 65-23 19-93 22.91 4.787 146.8 14.000 5625 80.726 536.9 76.70 23-75 22.61 4-755 172.6 14.000 .625 89.279 588.5 84.08 26.26 22.41 4-734 189.2 14.000 .6875 97.748 638.7 91.24 28.75 22.21 4.7I3 205.3 14.000 750 106.134 687-3 98.19 31.22 22.02 4.692 220.9 14.000 .875 122.654 780.4 111.5 36.08 21.63 4.651 250.8 14.000 1. 000 138.842 867.9 124.0 40.84 21.25 4.610 279.0 14.000 1.125 154.095 950.1 135-7 45.50 20.88 4-569 305-4 15.000 .238 37-523 300.7 40.10 11.04 27.25 5.220 90.22 15.000 .250 39-383 315-1 42.02 11.58 27.20 5-2i6 94-54 15.000 .28125 44.212 352.3 46.97 13-01 27.09 5.205 105.7 15.000 .284 44.636 355-6 47.41 13.13 27.08 5.204 106.7 15.000 .300 47.099 374.4 49-92 13-85 27.02 5.198 112.3 15.000 3125 49.020 389-0 51-87 14.42 26.98 5-194 116.7 15.000 340 53-234 420.9 56.12 15-66 26.88 5.184 126.3 15.000 34375 53-807 425-2 56.70 15.83 26.87 5-183 127.6 15.000 .40625 63-319 496.2 66.17 18.63 26.64 5.162 148.9 15.000 4375 68.044 53I-I 70.81 20.02 26.53 5-I5I 159-3 15.000 .46875 72.748 565-4 75-39 21.40 26.42 5.140 169.6 15.000 5625 86.734 665.8 88.77 25 5i 26.09 5.108 199.7 15.000 .625 95-954 730-4 97.39 28.23 25-88 5.087 219.1 15.000 .6875 105.091 793-4 05.8 30.91 25-67 5.066 238.0 15.000 750 114.144 854-6 13-9 33-58 25-45 5.045 256.4 15.000 .875 132.000 972.1 29.6 38.83 25-04 5.004 291.6 15.000 i .000 149-522 1083. 44-4 43.98 24.63 4.962 3249 15.000 1.125 166.710 1188. 58.4 49-04 24.22 4.922 356.4 16.000 .238 40.065 366.1 45.76 11.79 31.06 5-573 103.0 16.000 .250 42.053 383-7 47.96 12.37 31.02 5.569 107.9 16.000 259 43-542 396.8 49.60 12.81 30.98 5.566 1 1 1. 6 16.000 .28125 47-215 429.1 53.64 13.89 30.89 5.558 120.7 16.000 .284 47.669 433-1 54-13 14.02 30.88 5-557 121. 8 16.000 .300 50.303 4S6.I 57-01 14.80 30.82 5-552 128.3 16.000 3125 52-357 474-0 59-25 15.40 30.77 5-547 133-3 16.000 340 56.865 513-0 64.13 16.73 30.67 5.538 144-3 16.000 34375 57.478 5i8.3 64.79 16.91 30.65 5-537 145.8 16.000 .40625 67.658 605.3 75-67 19.90 30.42 5.515 170.3 16.000 4375 72.716 648.1 81.01 21-39 30.30 5.504 182.3 16.000 .46875 77-754 690.3 86.28 22.87 30.18 5-494 194.1 16.000 5625 92.742 8i3.7 101.7 27.28 29.83 5-462 228.9 16.000 .625 102.629 893.5 111.7 30.19 29.60 5.440 251-3 . . , r -.....- -- ; This information supplements that on page 65 618 Properties of Pipe Properties of Pipe (Continued) foot pounds Strength factor Q = = 1000 / 27000 \/ vy I 9 12 2C I y 1000 ). D. y = distance of farthest fiber from axis. Exter- nal diam- eter Thick- ness Weight per foot Mo- ment o inertia Section modu- lus Area of metal, square inches Radius of gyra tion squarec u Radius of gyra- tion Strength factor ; O.D. / i/y A R*=I/A R Q 16.000 16.000 16.000 16.000 -6875 -750 -875 c.ooo 112-433 122.154 141.345 160.202 971-3 1047. ri93- 1331. 121.4 130.9 149.1 166.4 33-07 35-93 41.58 47.12 29-37 29-14 28.69 28.25 5-419 5.398 5-356 5.315 273.2 294-5 335-5 374-4 16.000 17.000 17.000 17.000 C.I2S .250 259 .28125 178.725 44-723 46.308 50.219 1462. 461.5 477-3 5i6.3 182.8 54-29 56.16 60.74 52-57 13-16 13-62 14-77 27.82 35.08 35-04 34-95 5-274 5-923 5-920 5-QI2 411.3 122.2 126.3 136.7 17.000 17.000 17.000 17.000 .284 .300 3125 340 50.702 53-507 55-695 60.496 521.1 548.9 570-5 617.7 61.30 64-57 67.11 72.67 14.91 15-74 16.38 17.80 34-94 34.87 34-82 34-71 5-9H 5-905 5.901 5.891 137-9 145-3 I5I.O 163.5 17.000 17.000 17.000 17.000 34375 -375 .40625 4375 61.150 66.584 71.997 77-389 624.0 677.0 729.4 781.1 73-42 79-65 85.81 91.90 17.99 19-59 21. 18 22.76 34.69 34.57 34-44 34-31 5.890 5.879 5-869 5.858 165.2 179.2 I93-I 206.8 17.000 17.000 17.000 17.000 .46875 .500 -5625 -625 82.760 88.ni 98.749 109.304 832.3 882.8 982.2 1079. 97.91 103.9 115.6 127.0 24-34 25-92 29-05 32.15 34-19 34.o6 33-8i 33-57 5-847 5-836 5-815 5-794 220.3 233-7 260.0 285.7 17.000 17.000 17.000 17.000 .6875 .750 -875 I.OOO 119.776 130.164 150.690 170.882 1174. 1267. 1445- 1615. 138.1 149-0 170.0 190.0 35-23 38.29 44-33 50.27 33-32 33-o8 32.60 32.13 5-772 5-751 5-709 5.668 310.8 335-3 382.5 427.4 17.000 18.000 18.000 18.000 1. 125 .250 .259 .28125 190.740 47-393 49.074 53-223 1776. 549.1 568.0 614.6 209.0 61.02 63.12 68.28 56.11 13-94 14.44 15.66 31-66 39.39 39-35 39.25 5^627 6.276 6.273 6.265 470.2 137.3 142.0 IS3-6 18.000 18.000 18.000 18.000 .284 .300 -3125 340 53-735 56.711 59.032 64.127 620.3 653.5 679.3 735-7 68.92 72.61 75-47 81.74 15.81 16.68 17.36 18.86 39-24 39.17 39-12 39-00 6.264 6.259 6.254 6.245 iSS.i 163.4 169-8 183.9 18.000 18.000 18.000 18.000 -34375 -375 .40625 4375 64.821 70.589 76.336 82.061 743-3 806.6 869.3 931-3 82.59 89-63 96.59 103-5 19.07 20.76 22.45 24.14 38.98 38.85 38.71 38.58 6.244 6.233 6.222 6. 211 185.8 201.7 217-3 232.8 18.000 18.000 18.000 18.000 .46875 5625 .625 -6875 87.767 04-757 15-979 27.118 992.5 1172. 1289. 1403. 110.3 130.1 143-2 155-9 25.82 30.81 34-12 37-39 38.45 38.05 37-79 37-52 6.200 6.168 6.147 6.126 248.1 293.1 322.3 350.8 This information supplements that on page 65 Properties of Pipe 619 Properties of Pipe ^(Continued) foot pounds 7 27000 I 9 / Strength factor Q = = X X = 1000 y 1000 12 2 O. D. y = distance of farthest fiber from axis. Exter- nal diam- eter Thick- ness Weight per foot Mo- ment oi inertia Section modu- lus Area of metal, square inches Radius of gyra- tion squared Radius of gyra tion Strength factor O.D. I l/y A R*=I/A R Q 18.000 750 138.174 1515- 168.3 40.64 37.27 6.105 378.7 18.000 .875 160.035 1730. 192.2 47.07 36.75 6.062 432.5 18.000 I.OOO 181.562 1936. 215.1 53-41 36.25 6.021 484.0 18.000 1.125 202.756 2132. 236.9 59.64 35-75 5.979 533-1 ' 19.000 .28125 56.227 724-6 76.27 16.54 43-8i 6.619 171.6 19.000 .284 56.768 731-3 76.98 16.70 43-So 6.618 173-2 19.000 .300 59-9I5 770.6 8i.ii 17.62 43-72 6.612 182.5 19.000 3125 62.370 801.1 84-33 18.35 43-67 6.608 189.7 19.000 .340 67-759 867.8 91-35 19-93 43-54 6.598 205.5 19.000 34375 68.492 876.8 92.30 20.15 43-52 6-597 207.7 19.000 375 74-594 951-8 O0.2 21.94 43.38 6.586 225.4 19.000 .40625 80.674 1026. 08.0 23-73 43.24 6-575 243.0 19.000 ^4375 86.734 1099. 15-7 25-51 43-09 6.565 260.4 19.000 .46875 92.773 1172. 23-4 27.29 42.95 6-554 277-6 19.000 .500 98.791 1244. 31.0 29.06 42.81 6-543 294.7 20.000 .28125 59-231 847.0 84.70 17.42 48.61 6.972 190.6 2O.OOO .284 59-8oi 854.9 85.49 17-59 48.60 6.971 192.4 20.000 .300 63.119 900.9 90.09 18.57 48.52 6.966 202.7 20.OOO .3125 65.708 936.7 93-67 19-33 48.46 6.961 210.8 i 20.00O 340 71.390 1015. IOI.5 2I.OO 48.33 6.952 228.4 2O.OOO 34375 72.164 1026. 102.6 21.23 48.31 6.951 230.7 20.OOO 4375 91.407 1287. 128.7 26.89 47.86 6.918 289.5 20.000 .500 104.131 1457- 145.7 30.63 47-56 6.897 327.8 20.OOO 5625 116.772 1624. 162.4 34-35 47.27 6.875 365-3 2O.OOO 625 129.330 1787- 178.7 38.04 46.97 6.854 402.1 20.000 .6875 141.804 1947. 194.7 41.71 46.68 6.832 438.1 20.0OO .750 154.194 2104. 210.4 45-36 46.39 6.811 473-4 20.000 .875 178.725 2409. 240.9 52-57 59-69 45-82 A< 2 ? 6.769 542.0 2O.OOO 1. 000 1.125 3125 226.786 69.045 2981. 1087. 298.1 103-5 66.71 20.31 45-^5 44-69 53-51 6.'68s 7.315 670.8 232.9 I.OOO 375 82.604 1292. 123.1 24.30 53-19 7.293 277.0 I.OOO 4375 96.079 1494. 142.3 28.26 52.88 7.272 320.2 I.OOO .500 109.471 1693- 161.2 32.20 52.56 7-250 362.7 I I.OOO 5625 122.780 1887. 179.7 36.12 52.25 7.228 404.4 ; i.ooo .625 136-005 2078. 197.9 40.01 Si-94 7.207 445-3 1 .000 .6875 149.146 2265. 215.7 43.87 51-63 7.186 485-4 1 .000 750 162.204 2449. 233-2 47-71 51-33 7.164 524-8 2.OOO 3125 72.383 1252. 113.8 21.29 58.81 7.668 256.1 2.00O 340 78.652 1357- 123-4 23.14 58.66 7-659 277.6 This information supplement* that on page 65 620 Properties of Pipe Properties 0* Pipe (Concluded) foot pounds / 27000 I 9 / otrengcu ictctor \/ ^ ^ 1000 y 1000 12 2 O. D. y = distance of farthest fiber from axis. Exter- nal diam- eter Thick- ness Weight per foot Mo- ment ol inertia Section modu- lus Area of metal, square inches Radius of gyra- tion squarec Radius of gyra- tion Strength factor O.D. / I/y A R*=I/A R Q 22.000 34375 70-506 i37i. 124.7 23-39 58.64 7.658 280.5 22.000 375 86.609 1490. 135-4 25-48 58.47 7.647 304.7 22.00O .40625 93.691 1607. 146.1 27.56 58.31 7-636 328.7 22.000 4375 100.752 1723. 156.6 29.64 58.14 7-625 352.5 22.00O 46875 07.792 1838. 167.1 3i.7i 57.98 7.614 376.0 22.000 500 14.811 1952. 177-5 33-77 S7.8i 7-603 399-4 22.000 5625 28.787 2178. 198.0 37-88 57-49 7-582 445-4 22.00O .625 42.680 2399- 218. i 41.97 57.i6 7.560 490.7 22.0OO .6875 56.489 2616. 237.8 46.03 56.84 7-539 535-2 22.000 750 70.215 2830. 257.2 50.07 56.52 7-518 578.8 24.000 340 85-915 1769. 147.4 25.27 69.99 8.366 331-6 24.000 34375 86.849 1787. 149.0 25-55 69-97 8-365 335-1 24.000 375 94.619 1942. 161.9 27-83 69-79 8-354 364.2 24.000 .40625 102.368 2096. 174-7 30.11 69.60 8-343 393-0 24.000 4375 110.097 2248. 187.4 32.39 69.42 8-332 421.6 24.000 .46875 117-805 2399- 200.O 34.65 69.24 8.321 449-9 24.OOO .500 125.491 2549- 212-4 36.91 69-06 8.310 478.0 24.000 5625 140.802 2846. 237.1 41.42 68.70 8.289 533-5 24.000 625 156.030 3137. 261.4 45-90 68.35 8.267 588.2 24.OOO 6875 171.174 3424. 285.3 50-35 67.99 8.246 641.9 24.000 750 186.235 3705. 308.8 54-78 67.64 8.224 694 .8 20.000 375 102.629 2478- 190.6 30.19 82.10 9.061 429.0 26.000 4375 119.442 2871. 220.8 35-13 81.70 9-039 496.8 26.000 .500 136.172 3257. 250.5 40.06 81.31 9.017 563-7 26.OOO 5625 152.818 3638. 279-8 44-95 80.92 8.996 629.6 26.000 625 169.380 4013. 308.7 49.82 80.54 8-974 694-5 26.000 6875 185-859 4382. 337-1 54.67 80.15 8.953 758.4 26.0OO 750 202.255 4746. 365-0 59-49 79-77 8-931 821.3 28.000 4375 128.787 3598. 257.0 37.88 94-99 9.746 578.3 28.OOO .500 146.852 4085. 291.8 43.20 94-56 9.724 656.5 28.000 5625 164.833 4565- 326.0 48.49 94-14 9.703 733-6 28.000 .625 182.730 5038. 359-8 53-75 93-72 9.681 809.6 28.000 .6875 200.545 5504. 393-2 58.99 93.31 9.659 884.6 28.OOO 750 218.275 5964- 426.0 64.21 92.89 9.638 958-5 3O.OOO 4375 138.132 4440. 296.0 40-63 100-3 0-45 666.0 30.000 .500 I57-532 5042. 336.1 46.34 108.8 0.43 756.3 30.0OO 5625 176.848 5637. 375-8 52.02 108.4 0.41 845.5 30.000 .625 196.081 6224. 414.9 57-68 107.9 0-39 933-6 30.000 .6875 215.230 6803. 453-6 63-31 107-5 o-37 1021. 30.000 .750 234.296 7375- 491.7 68.92 107.0 o-34 1106. This information supplements that on page 65 Hydrostatic Test Pressures 621 Hydrostatic Test Pressures Page 68 "NATIONAL" Standard Pipe Pa S e 68 Black and Galvanized "NATIONAL" Line Pipe Size Weight per foot complete Test pressure in pounds Size Weight per foot complete Test pressure in pounds 17 O. D. 18 O. D. 20 O. D. 72.602 80.482 89.617 600 600 5oo iy* 170. D. i8O. D. 20 O. D. 2.300 72.769 80.659 89.794 Butt Lap 1200 I7OO M-.prX 75o -m 1 . .XP 650 $+> * ' X&fe]. '. '"; is A 1. ' ' H &di8 \ U ps et Page 69 "NATIONAL" Extra Strong Pipe Black and Galvanized . |^j. Page 69 "NATIONAL" Double Extra Strong Pipe Black and Galvanized Size Weight per foot plain ends Test pressure in pounds Size Weight per foot plain ends Test pressure in pounds Butt ( Lap iK 2.996 1500 2500 X H i 1.714 2.440 3-659 700 700 700 Inladdition to the above test the pipe is jarred with a hammer while under pressure, for these sizes only. i :!- ions, 1 Page 71 "NATIONAL" California Diamond Pa S e 71 BX Casing "NATIONAL" South Penn Casing Size Weight per foot Complete Test pressure in pounds Size Weight per foot complete Test pressure in pounds 4^ 4 3 A 4K 6H II ii 12^ 16.000 12.850 15.000 24.000 47.000 60.000 54-000 1800 1400 1700 1300 900 1 200 IOOO 6^< 6K I2K 20.000 24.000 45.000 1200 1500 700 8i. OtI. OOOI ^ oei :;lr II s 1 T-^U^J This information supplements that on pages 68, 69 and 71 622 Hydrostatic Test Pressures Hydrostatic Test Pressures (Continued) "NATIONAL" Standard Boiler Tubes and Flues Lap Welded External Diameter Inches Nominal Thickness Weight per foot Test pressure in pounds Inches B. W. G. iK 095 3 1.679 IOOO 2 - 095 3 1.932 IOOO 2f 095 3 2.186 IOOO 2# .109 2 2.783 IOOO 2 ^ .109 2 3-074 IOOO 3 .109 2 3-365 IOOO 3^4 .120 I 4.011 IOOO zY* .120 I 4-331 IOOO .I2O I 4-652 IOOO 4 134 5-532 IOOO 4J^ 134 6.248 IOOO 5 .148 9 7.669 800 6 .165 8 10.282 800 7 l6S 8 12.044 500 .165 8 13-807 500 9 .ISO 7 i6.955 500 10 .203 6 21.240 500 n .220 5 25-329 500 12 .229 28.788 500 13 .238 4 32.439 500 14 .248 36.424 500 3 259 .270 3 40.775 45-359 500 500 "NATIONAL" Locomotive Boiler Tubes Lap Welded - Open-Hearth Steel External diameter Thickness Test pressure in pounds External diameter Thickness Test pressure in pounds iK -095 IOOO 2K .148 IOOO i,f .109 IOOO 2/4 .150 IOOO i -K .110 IOOO 2 T /2 095 IOOO 1^4 .120 IOOO 2>2 .109 IOOO i^ .125 IOOO 2 l /2 .110 IOOO i^ 134 IOOO 2>2 .120 IOOO i^ 135 IOOO 2 l / 2 125 IOOO iK .148 IOOO ; 2^ 134 IOOO i^" .150 IOOO 23^ .135 IOOO 2 095 IOOO 2}4 .148 IOOO 2 .109 IOOO 2 M .150 IOOO 2 .110 IOOO 9j4 .165 IOOO 2 .120 IOOO i l A .180 1000 2 .125 IOOO 3 .095 IOOO 2 .134 1000 3 .109 IOOO 2 .135 IOOO 3 .110 IOOO 2 .148 IOOO 3 .120 IOOO 2 .150 IOOO 3 .125 IOOO 2/^4 .095 IOOO 3 134 IOOO 2/^ .109 IOOO 3 135 IOOO 2/^ .110 IOOO 3 .148 IOOO 2% .120 IOOO 3 .ISO IOOO 2^ .125 IOOO 3 .165 IOOO 2>i 134 IOOO 3 .180 IOOO i 2# 135 IOOO j This information supplements that on page 72 Hydrostatic Test Pressures 623 Hydrostatic Test Pressures (Concluded) Page 76 "NATIONAL" Dry Kiln Pipe Page 73 "NATIONAL" Air Line Pipe Size Weight per foot complete Test pressure in pounds 4 12.500 1800 Size Weight per foot complete Test pressure in pounds X 1.140 700 This size is included in the list on page 73, but the weight and dimension data has been revised. - Page 76 p age 7$ "NATIONAL" Special Upset "NATIONAL" California Rotary Pipe Special External Upset Tubing In addition to the above test, the pipe is jarred with a hammer while under pressure. ,89sia to terf Size Weight per foot complete Test pressure in pounds 3 4^ 6 10.486 J 5-737 23.566 2000 1600 1500 In addition to the Hydro- static Test, all sizes of "NATIONAL" Special Upset Rotary Pipe are jarred with a hammer while under pressure. - Page 76 "NATIONAL" Tuyere Pipe Size Weight per foot complete Test pressure in pounds 2 2 2.300 4.000 4-500 6.250 1800 2200 2500 2 20O "NATIONAL" Ammonia Pipe, Specially Recommended for Ammonia Purposes (For weights and dimensions, see page 597). Size Weight per foot plain ends Test pressure in pounds X I iX *x 1-473 2.171 2.996 3-631 700 700 1500 1500 In addition to the above test, on sizes % inch and i inch, the pipe is jarred with a hammer while under pressure. J A3 ni 89889DS Size Weight per foot complete Test pressure in pounds Butt | Lap * i xli i* a 1. 137 1.686 2.297 2.744 3.706 1500 1500 1500 1500 2000 no j ./jiqvT This information supplements that on pages 73, 76 and 68 to 76 624 Pipe Joints PAGE 83 c Fig. 216 istration from corrected drawing showing^typical section of "NATIONAL" Dry Kiln Pipe Coupling and Joint (For list of sizes, dimensions and weights, see pages 37 and 596.) dt aa**! 2 &C L PAGE 84 j3 qU iif.o 'JAWOITAK e JAMOITAVT' Fig. 217 Illustration from corrected drawing showing typical section of a "NATIONAL" Matheson Joint (For list of sizes, dimensions and weights, see page 42.) Fig. 218 Typical Section of "NATIONAL" Ammonia Pipe Coupling and Joint (For list of sizes, dimensions and weights, see page 597.) Directions for Making Tight Joints Before screwing lengths of pipe together, see that threads on pipe and hi couplings (also recesses in the ends of couplings) are thoroughly cleaned and free from damage spots. This information supplements that on pages 83, 8Jt, and 77 to 84 Standard Specifications 625 wow WROUGHT PIPE BENJ; baa Jimil otieala ,;* flJgimre no B^Bd.oiB ,.DJ5 ,711 9q to aslu - 8nr isrfJo iud ,9^hqoiqq teom 9ri*J sd vsm -telFW poh^ ooiy to hot bending,. 9^8) no89iO ni em /ijDUiJgab 10 iriuoDDB SVBS sfiivi .X .W biOD9i bnB .(its 9gBq ,IQ|I ,8 ifoifiM ,bioo9>I 8nh93nin3 ;aiit*^as j^fe ; e4i :T) nobomtenoD bjsariisvO no 99j^irarao3 iniol ariT i-H ^o eia assq , x i JoV , 1 1 Q i :'/ B bnjs 9Di io e^9n STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS Practically all the specifications appearing in the 1913 edition of the Book of Standards have been modified more or less and are now void. Specifica- tions represent practice or requirements which con- stantly change with the progress of the art, so that no attempt has been made in this appendix to include revised specifications. fI9i>d 9V&ff ' i JfidJ B9JOfl 19ttfl9 c ,9gBq Sis All specifications covering products of National Tube Company are printed in loose leaf form and copies of any or all of the latest specifications will be sent upon request to the General Offices of National Tube Company, Frick Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.V.Vr * r .1 T^- a. A ncr to any of the District Offices. .1 oBiimO arlT ,10! bgwollB 9d Muorfe JSSIB bgJo^toiq 9fU no Jool 9isupe i9q ebnuoq sJieoqab wona 10! ^9! ad bluoda niaiam slqma iadJ This information supplements that on pages 89 to 105, and 119 626 Wind Loads. Sleet, Ice and Snow WIND LOADS. SLEET, ICE AND SNOW The rules of page 117, etc., are based on strength at elastic limit and may be the most appropriate, but other rules of loading are much ap- proved, as, for example, the following: W. R. King gave account of destructive sleet storms in Oregon (see Engineering Record, March 8, I0I3, page 271), and recorded measures of thickness of ice (sleet) which justified the rule that the diameter over the sleet is closely 1.81 times the fourth root of the diameter of the wire (both diameters in inches). The Joint Committee on Overhead Construction (Trans. N. E. L. A., 191 1, Vol. ii, page 521), recommended design on the basis of X-inch thick- ness of ice and a wind pressure of eight pounds per square foot of area. The same rule is recommended by the American Electric Railway Association, Proceedings 1913, page 143. Fender's Electrical Engineer's Handbook, page 1688, itates that the following are recommended: (a) No ice but 15 pound wind, (b) Ice % inch thick and 8-pound wind, (c) Ice 2< inch thick and u-pound wind. On the same page, Fender notes that important structures have been designed to stand 6-pound wind with % inch thickness of ice. In the above, the wind pressure should be reckoned on an area equal to the diameter (over ice, if any) by the length, both in feet. It will be noted that rule (a) and the rule on page 117 yield indentical results when ice and surging are ignored. The German I. E. E. state that wind pressure to the extent of 20.5 pounds per square foot on the projected area should be allowed for, and that ample margin should be left for snow deposits This information supplements that on pages 116 to 118 Wrought Pipe Bends Pipe Nipples 627 WROUGHT PIPE BENDS KI Page 162. Hot Bending. Please note that the information given on page 162 with regard to wrought pipe bends applies only to hot bending. Page 163. Symbols. It will be noticed that there are various symbols shown on the drawings on page 163. All these are to be disregarded with the ex- ception of the symbol "R," Advisable Radius to which reference is made in table on page 162. Wrought Pipe Nipples Page 171. The length of Close Nipples should be changed as shown in the list below, which conforms to the standard adopted by the Committee of Manufacturers on Standardization of Fittings and Valves, on April 10, igi6, New York, N. Y. Pipe Size Length of Close Nipple Pipe Size Length of Close Nipple i i% 2 2 1 2 1 A * 1 A 3 **A \ \ 9 o 12 This information supplements that on pages 162, 16S and 171 ', 628 Wrought Casing Nipples Page 174 Wrought Casing Nipples We give below the length of Close and Short Casing Nipples, sizes a to I5>2 inches, inclusive. These are made from the lightest weight of Stand- ard Boston Casing, and with the standard number of threads per inch for that weight, unless otherwise ordered. ^'l Jrf no iiwu Casing . X j,- 9d , size, inches ia91grb rabsca et aonoiolaT /tofriw < Total length close nipple, inches _ i|qi /I jell ad) ni ^KoHtt c 1 rtiiotm$g- 9'ifi ^ * QI IhqA fl^^89v!V i>0| % 4K to t I* s*^* -^ 3 3 L 5 SK sK Total length short nipple, inches sa ^p H' 3 3 -Vt 3^^ gnel 9dT irfw rwol'sd no 8ifriu>liml/ .Y .VI ,3hoJ w-Trf ,5ioi 9B010 lQ ^cfitolndo 4 4 | oif. .'' >rit ample r.v..^- ,. ah--',\.'o information supplements that on page Working Barrels 629 WORKING BARRELS Present foot note reads: "All Working Barrels are threaded 14 threads per inch." .iqr*! SfioiJd This should read as follows: "2 and 2>-inch Working Barrels are threaded nK threads per inch." "3 and 4-inch Working Barrels are threaded 14 threads per inch. ' ' This information supplements that on page 1S7 630 Internal Fluid Pressures for Standard Pipe ^ 31 q The following tables showing the "Internal Fluid Pressures for Standard, Extra Strong, Double Extra Strong Pipe and Standard Boiler Tubes and Flues supplement the information on "Strength of Commer- cial Tubes, Pipes and Cylinders to Resist Internal Fluid Pressures," which appears on pages 222 to 226. *f" !">, >B91/f j This information supplements that on pages g2 to 226 Internal Fluid Pressures for Standard Pipe 631 Internal Fluid Pressures for Standard Pipe Based on Barlow's Formula P = 2/ ----- D D = Outside diameter in inches. P = Pressure in pounds per square inch. t =Thickness of wall in inches. /=Fiber stress in pounds per square inch. 1 3 Factor of safety = 10 Lap-weld fiber stress = 5000 Ibs. per sq. in. ; i j [ i i^SSSsilSg-SsmSSSlSSsaS : ::;::: Butt-weld fiber stress = 4000 Ibs. per sq. in. HfflHHSI M M M h ; ; ; h ; ; ; ; ; ; i ; Factor of safety = 8 Lap-weld fiber stress = 6250 Ibs. per sq. in; jj.MiwmimHU.MaH. jii JHKsHSH ::::;:::::::::::::::: !l & 1 1 Lap-weld B fibe* stress fit = 8333 Ibs. = per sq. in. p< ''* cto ~ *$> Butt-weld fiber stress = 6667 Ibs. per sq. in. |!||3|ia ;;;;; j ; jj ;;;;;;;;;; Factor of safety = 5 Lap- weld fiber stress = 10000 Ibs. per sq. in. 111 iinnsiiHii! iinninnnnN Ultimate bursting pressure ! ss Fiber stress . 50,000 Ibs. . per sq. in. H [;ll!lll!ll!1!lill!l!!l!ll!i I ill i OOOi-t?MMl!?5t? "8 tr> n ?t ^tx ^ ^ ^ odd This information supplements that on pages 222 to 226 632 Internal Fluid Pressures for Extra Strong Pipe I**. n Lap- weld fiber stress = 5000 Ibs. per sq. in. i i ^' w ""* 4 1SSSS Internal Fluid Pressures for Extra Strong Pipe Based on Barlow's Formula P*=2f~~ } = Outside diameter in inches. P= Pressure in pounds per square inch. t = Thickness of wall in inches. /= Fiber stress in pounds per square inch. Pressures at various factors of safety Butt-weld fiber stress = 4000 Ibs. per sq. in. MMB^aa ; = ii;; : f 1 3' fa -'da ii R IN!! 1335$ t i38* SJSH iltSS 11 ffS'iS^? ?^2 ac> *:::: j : j : : : : : | fa Lap-weld fiber stress = 8333 Ibs. per sq. in. \m |*8H5HHfl HISS Butt-weld fiber stress = 6667 Ibs. per sq. in. : . : : : . . " . ^ ZZ2Z2 12^^22 =:::: : : : : . : : : : j ii $ "8 I ill" ilfi - . lifl 11111 111!! i 1 ; 1 i : \ ; : la 1 Fiber stress 50,000 Ibs. per sq. in. ' : ! ': : t . -o^ 8 . _^~^ .. :;. : .^siattu, MRM.33S Butt-weld lj.9 , _ 4 : i ; i fjll ; : : "?.? "BSiooK* '.'.'.. : : : : . : : : : J (r, oo i*.* o.-OoOO Oooi^wm QOQO Q2QQO O.MM'.J-./) tt<3kO-t>. OVi^ior^ t^OOOO OOOOO IIIUI4 8 s?c ? t : 11 ;*&! siisi mil mis g|i? 1 xxxx* ^ x * * 8 "--- J information supplements that on pages 222 to 886 : \*t Internal Fluid Pressures for Double Extra Strong Pipe 633 Internal Fluid Pressures for Double Extra Strong Pipe jj Based on Barlow's formula P = 2 /-ij- D = Outside diameter in inches. P = Pressure in pounds per square inch. ; t = Thickness of wall in inches. / = Fiber stress in pounds per square inch. Factor of safety = 10 g-2 i S..S 3 O> O rfOO t^ t^OO fO fO^O . . . . VO o O ! O N O O to c< ^^^r??s^^ ; i ; : ; ; Pressures at various Factor of Factor of safety = 5 safety = 6 IlJIif ', '. O O O t-~ O O l^ t~ rj- <>0 H O VO O 10 uo OO rj- t^ H Ov '-r O , - . !>^O. w o co t^oo o !.'.'!!.'.'! \O M ro\O O 'sJ-'O ... .... O OO OOO Tt to tCOCOCO Mt^Tj-csoO O-^OO O>cs N O CO ^t M OOO vo vO s O 2 1 S3 | la USSUs 1 :::::::: o fco M oo t^ ^ ' ; ; ; ; i' ' ootovocoo>o iOTfrtrOfOOMOO O rf t- 'too O CC oOtOMOOOrl-io J' s C3 *00 00 NQO M OO -^t-O O rt-io>0 O O "500 O O xo O CO t^ H >OvO t* i^ M ro co to *t "t ovo \O O f- t^OO OO OO 11 S 1 SJ W-c OO | OOQ. l/ ' lr >OOOOc / 5V5iOio ^IOMVO Ot^t^O O O OO W N w 00 O fOO O\ fOOO 10 O o O iovO vO vO 1 H X^t ^ ^ X X HMwwwcotO'*'* ^-0 r~oo 1 j This information supplements that on pages %*?. to t26 634 Internal Fluid Pressures for Standard Boiler Tubes Internal Fluid Pressures for Standard Boiler Tubes and Flues Lap- Welded Based on Barlow's Formula P =2 /- -~ - D = Outside diameter in inches. / = Thickness of wall in inches. P Pressure in pounds per square inch. / = Fiber stress in pounds per square inch. |f ||1 6 V> .-v. , t- '-> ~. Ultimate Pressures at various factors of safety Thickness bursting -__. pressure Factor of Factor of Factor of Factor of External safety = 5 safety = 6 safety =8 safety = i o diam- "~! o_ jj g cr . eter Fiber Fiber Fiber Fiber Fiber [ M C^ f ^ B. W. stress stress stress stress stress 1 j'O'C " v Inches G. = 50,000 = 10,000 = 8333 = 6250 = 5000 Ibs. per sq. in. Ibs. per sq. in. Ibs. per sq. in. Ibs. per sq. in. Ibs. per sq. in. 095 13 5429 1086 905 679 543 2 095 13 4750 950 792 594 475 2 /-4 095 13 4222 844 704 528 422 2^ .109 12 4360 872 727 545 436 2^ .109 12 3964 793 66 1 495 396 3 .109 12 3633 727 606 454 363 .120 II 3692 6i5 462 369 3/^ .120 II 3429 686 571 429 343 3^ .120 II 3200 640 533 400 320 4 134 10 3350 670 558 419 335 .134 IO 2978 596 496 372 298 5 .148 9 2960 592 493 370 296 6 .165 8 2750 550 458 344 275 7 .165 8 2357 393 295 236 8 .165 8 2063 4 J 3 344 258 206 Q .180 7 2000 400 333 250 200 10 .203 6 2030 406 338 254 203 II ! .220 5 2000 400 333 250 200 12 ! .220 1908 382 239 191 13 -238 4 1831 366 305 229 183 14 ! .248 1771 354 295 221 177 15 .259 1727 345 288 216 173 16 270 1688 338 281 211 169 i' : ' . . 1 : " : t - 1 ' 22 c.-' f* cv p; . g> Q. | (M (5 " " ~w jjj ~ 7 HO ! O O- O^ai a* cv oor*' *O OOi O Ct: \i OO^i b-ru i ilna cniHDiBl* s M , 9 .? Removed by Mechanical Filtration. XI ,'sifiilqiim mi/rboH -.jfii fii eriolJiffoB yrfJ ?A" :JB9 9rfJ fl Jtt989iq /i r nfi ^fsrfJ ,9OJshi.J8 9Hi .d)B9ni'jbniz "II. Dissolved substances: (a) Gases, 1. Oxygen, 2. Carbon dioxide, 3. Chlorine, 4. Hydrogen sulphide. 5. Ammonia. Solids 1. Organic, 2. Inorganic. T9ffii9 ad -<5ue wsn (b) Removed by heating or preci- pitated by chemical reagents. ! . H /) .Ionian/? j'g'aA* ; Supplementing "Boiler Incrustation and Corrosion" vages 275 to 277 Purification of Boiler Water 637 "Boiler waters are usually divided into four classes when reference is made to the soluble impurities which cause trouble when in solution, these impurities being (i) Incrusting solids, (2) Inert subtances, (3) Corrosion substances, (4) Substances causing priming and foaming. " Incrusting solids are those which form a coating or scale in the interior of the boiler through the action of either the heat or pressure. They are usually of two kinds, those forming hard scale or those forming soft scale. "Inert substances are those which are harmless and have no action on the bciler. Their only effect is to raise the temperature of the boiling point. (3) and (4) are usually called non incrusting substances. They are defined as follows: "A corrosive substance is one which causes deterioration of the steel of the boiler either by chemical or electrolytic action. " 'A boiler is said to prime when water is carried as steam-bubbles, with the steam up through the water to its surface, and may be considered as affecting the entire depth of the water in a boiler.' " 'Foaming is the result of suspended impurities in the water which, rise to its surface in a more or less dirty condition and form a scum. Pure water cannot produce foam; steam from a boiler which foams is dryer than that from a boiler which primes.' " &io fyis Bb&Qifun lo If serious trouble is apprehended on account of scale and deposits in the water, and this water is the best available in that locality, the services of a chemist experienced in investigating water troubles should be engaged. Most of the large water purification companies have well equipped labora- tories and experts. It would be well to get the opinion of two or three experienced concerns making a specialty of boiler water treatment where there is much at stake and the water is of doubtful quality. A water which is ideal in respect to incrusting foreign matter may be very corrosive. Should serious pitting of the tubes develop, it would be well to keep in mind that this is often a very complicated problem. Tubes may now be obtained which are as uniform as steel can be made and yet under certain conditions local corrosion or pitting will take place. The following suggestions may be used as a guide in tracing the causes of such trouble. I. Note whether the pitting is scattered or confined to certain portions of the tube. Have the metal analyzed and examined on polished cross sections as to its uniformity. (National Tube Company maintains a well equipped laboratory for making such investigations. This service is free of charge to all users of "NATIONAL" products.) II. In some waters, homogeneous metal will be pitted on account of the electrical potential difference between the mill scale on the surface and the metal underneath. The action will be stronger Supplementing "Boiler Incrustation and Corrosion" pages 275 to 277 638 Purification of Boiler Water Kutter's Formula the more electrolytic the water is, depending on the presence of certain soluble salts. A good plan in such cases is to remove the mill scale by pickling in dilute sulphuric acid and thoroughly washing the surface finally in lime water before inserting the tubes into the boiler. This will usually lessen the pitting considerably but may not be necessary if other precautions referred to below are followed out. III. See to the feed water heater oxygen and carbonic acid in solution are the most frequent causes of corrosion. The action of these gases is not direct, but it is nevertheless essential to continued corrosion that oxygen be present. For this reason open feed water heaters are preferable and should be well vented and run regularly at a temperature of 175 F. or higher. IV. If the foregoing conditions have been complied with as far as possible, and you still have trouble it is time to call in a boiler water expert to advise on water treatment. The water should be maintained slightly alkaline but it is important that the alkalinity be controlled within certain limits. The water treatment necessary for removing scale forming matter will usually eliminate or at least lessen corrosion. The experience of railroads and others who have put in water softening plants is practically unanimous on this point. In conclusion, remember that "A steam-boiler is a steam-generator, not a place for chemical reactions." "The only 'compound ' to put into a boiler is clean and soft water. oftsxiv/ insnrtfi-jij laJiiw taliQd i<; vji/nosq^ L smajtim en^onon n^ongnaqx^ Avoid quack remedies." "Oxygen, when free in boilers, is a most destructive element." For further study of this subject we refer you to Wm. W. Christie's work on "Boiler Waters" (D. Van Nostrand Company, New York City). 281 KUTTER'S FORMULA _,. f . [Iff yato-tui "io noi&onoo IJEOO! fenoiJibnoo . This formula now reads S = slope = head - length, , . . , - , , .aldum! measured in a straight line from end to end. This formula should be changed to read S = slope = head -j- length. . Snijifirn loi 't-iQj&iod&l, fraqq, ''liBtti YnJBC]*, sin*} n- ijoais ofiJ legnc i:..K -jriT stem sri) bn oosriue This information supplements that on pages 275 to 277, and 281 Loss of Head in Pipe by Friction 639 Loss of Head in Pipe by Friction Based on Cox's Formula (see page 280) TO = Velocity in feet per second. '>no398 isq Joal ni yjfootoV H = Loss of head by friction in feet per 100 foot length of pipe. Q Discharge in cubic feet per minute. Inside diameter of pipe in inches v \ 4 5 6 7 8 9 H Q H Q H Q H Q H Q H Q I.O .146 5-2 .117 8.2 .097 u.8 .083 16.0 073 20.9 .065 36,5 1.2 .203 6-; .163 9.8 .136 14-1 .116 19.2 .102 25.1 .090 31.8 1.4 .268 7-3 .21^ 11.5 .178 16.5 153 22.4 *34 29-3 .119 37-1 i 1.61 .338 8.4 .271 13.1 .226 18.8 .193 25-7 .i6<; 33.5 .150 49-4 1.8 .416 9-4 333 14.7 .277 21.2 .238 28.9 .208 37-7 .185 47.7 2.0 .500 10.5 .400 16.4 333 23-6 .286 32.1 -250 41.9 .222 53-0 ' 2.2 591 11.5 473 18.0 394 25-9 .338 35-3 295 46.1 -263 58-3 2.4 .688 12.6 551 19.6 .459 28.3 393 38.5 344 50.3 .306 63.6! 2.6 793 13.6 .634 21.3 .528 30.6 453 41.7 .396 54-5 .352 68.9 2.8 903 14.7 .723 22.9 .602 33-0 .516 44.9 452 58-6 .401 74-2 3-o I.O2I 15.7 .817 24-5 .681 35-3 583 48.1 .510 62.8 -454 79.5 3-2 I.I45 16.8 .916 26.2 .763 37-7 -654 51-3 67.0 509 84.8 3-4 1.276 17.8 I.O2I 27.8 .851 40.1 .729 54-5 638 71.2 .567 90.1 3.6! 1.413 18.8 I.I3I 29-5 .942 42.4 .808 57-7 .707 75-4 .628 95-4 3-8 1.558 19.9 1.2 4 6 31-1 1.038 44-8 .890 60.9 -779 79-6 .692 101. ; 4.0 1.708 20.9 1.367 32.7 .139 47.1 .976 64.1 854 83-8 759 106. 4.2 r.866 22.0 1-493 34-4 .244 49-5 i. 06 6 67.3 933 88.0 .829 izx. 4.4 2.030 23-0 1.624 36.0 353 51.8 .160 70.6 1.015 92.2 .902 117. 4.6 2.201 24.1 1.761 37-6 .467 54.2 258 73-8 I.IOO 96.3 978 122. i 4-8 2-378 25-1 1.903 39-3 .586 56.5 359 77-0 1.189 101. 1-057 127. ' S-o 2.563 26.2 2.050 40.9 .708 58.9 .464 80.2 1.281 105. I-I39 133- i 5-2 2-753 27.2 2.203 42.5 -836 61.3 573 83-4 1-377 109. 1.224 138. ; 5-4 2-951 28.3 2.361 44-2 .967 63.6 .686 86.6 1-475 113- 1.311 143- 5-6 3-155 29-3 2.524 45-8 .103 66.0 .803 90.0 1-578 117. 1.402 I 4 8. 5-8 3.366 30.4 2.693 47-5 .244 68.3 -923 93-0 1.683 121. 1.496 154- 6.oj 3.583 31-4 2.867 49.1 .389 70.7 2.048 96.2 1.792 126. 1-593 159- | 6.5 4.156 34-0 3.325 53-2 .771 76.6 2-375 104. 2.078 36. 1.847 172. ! 7-0 4-771 36.7 3-8x7 57-3 3.181 82.5 2.726 112. 2.385 147. 2.I3O 186. i 7-5 5-427 39-3 4-342 61.4 3-6i8 88.4 3-IOI I 2O. 2.714 57- 2.412 199. 8.0 6.125 41.9 4.900 65-4 4-083 94-2 3-500 128. 3-063 68. 2.722 212. i 8.5 6.865 44-5 5-492 69-5 4.576 oo. 3.923 136. 3-432 178. 3.051 225- 9- 7.646 47-1 6.117 73-6 5-097 06. 4-369 144. 3-823 188. 3.398 239 ! 9-5 8.469 49-7 6-775 77-7 5.646 112. 4.839 152. 4-234 99- 3.764 252. IO.O 9-333 52.4 7-467 81.8 6.222 18. 5-333 1 60. 4.667 209. 4.148 265. This information replaces that on pages 8 to 888 640 Loss of Head in Pipe by Friction Loss of Head in Pipe by Friction (Continued) Based on Cox's Formula (see page 289) v = Velocity in feet per second. H = Loss of head by friction in feet per 100 foot length of pipe. Q = Discharge in cubic feet per minute. .-ad onr Inside diameter of pipe in inches V 10 II 12 13 14 15 H Q H Q H Q H ! H Q H Q l% .os8 32.7 .053 39.6 .049 47.1 .045 55-3 .042 64.1 039 73-6 1.2 .081 39-3 .074 47-5 .068 S6.S .063 66.4 .058 77-0 054 88.4 1.4 .107 45.8 .097 ^4 .089 66.0 .082 77-4 .076 89.8 .071 103. 1.6 J35 52.4 .123 63-4 .113 75-4 .104 88.5 .097 103. .090 118. ?* .166 58.9 .151 71-3 139 84.8 .128 99-5 .119 US- .in 133- 2.O .200 6S- 4 .182 70-2 .167 94-2 154 ill. .143 128. 133 147- 2.2 .236 72.0 .215 87.1 -197 104. .182 122. .169 141. .158 162. 2.4 -275 78.S .250 95-0 .229 113. .212 133- 197 154- .184 177. 2.6 -317 8s.i .288 103. .264 123. 244 144. .226 167. .211 191. -2.8 .361 91.6 .328 III. .301 132. .278 155- .258 180. .241 206. 3.0 .408 98.2 .371 HO. 340 141. .314 166. .292 192. .272 221. 3-2 458 ro<;. .416 127. .382 151. 352 177. .327 205. .305 2 3 6. 3-4 .510 in. .464 135. 425 160. .393 188. .365 218. 340 250. 3-6 .565 118. .514 143. 471 170. 435 199. .404 231. .377 265. 3-8 623 124. .566 150. .519 179- 479 210. 445 244. .415 280. 4.0 .683 131- .621 158. .569 188. .526 221. .488 257. .456 & 4.2 .746 137- .678 166. .622 198. 574 232. 533 269. 498 309. 4-4 .812 144. .738 174. .677 207. .625 243. .58o 282. 541 324. 4.6 .880 151. .800 182. 734 217. 677 254. .629 295. ,S8 7 339. 4.8 951 157- .865 190. 793 226. .732 265. .680 308. .634 353- 5-0 ; .025 164. .932 198. 854 236. .788 277. .732 S2I. 683 368. 5.2 .101 170. .001 206. .918 245- .847 288. .787 S34- 734 383- 5-4 .180 177. .073 214. .984 254- .908 299. 843 U6. .787 398. 5-6 .262 183. .147 222. 1.052 264. .971 ^10. .901 S50. .841 412. 5-8 .346 190. .224 230. 1. 122 273. 1.036 321. .962 372. .898 427. 6.0. 433 106. .303 238. I.I94 283. 1.103 S3 2. 1.024 S8S. .956 442. |f .663 213. 5" 257- 1.385 306. 1.279 359. 1.188 417. I.I08 479. 7.6 .908 22Q. 735 277- I.S90 S3Q. 1.468 S87. 1-363 449. 1.272 SIS- 7-5 .171 24<>. 973 297. I.8O9 S.S3- 1.670 415. I-55I 481. 1-447 552. 8.0 450 262. .227 317. 2.O42 377- 1.885 442. i.75o 513. 1-633 589. 8.5 2.746 2?8. 496 337- 2.288 401. 2. 112 470. 1.961 545. 1.831 626. 9.0 3-058 295- .780 SS6. 2.549 424- 2-353 498. 2.185 S77. 2.039 663. 9-5 1.S88 311. 3.080 ^76. 2.823 448. 2.6o6 S2S. 2.420 609. 2.258 699. 1O.O 3-733 327. 3-394 396. 3-in 471. 2.872 553- 2.667 641. 2.489 736. This information replaces that on pages 286 to 288 Loss of Head in Pipe by Friction 641 Loss of Head in Pipe by -Friction (Continued) Based on Cox's Formula (see page 289) v = Velocity in feet per second, /'isa iaq te$\ ni YJiooteV H = Loss of head by friction in feet per 100 foot length of pipe. Q = Discharge in cubic feet per minute.r-iiduD ni agi&iDeiCI Inside diameter of pipe in inches V 16 17 18 19 20 .21 H Q H Q H Q H Q H Q // Q I.O .036 83-8 034 94-6 .032 106. .031 118. .029 131- .028 144- 1.2 051 101. .048 113- .045 127. 043 142. .041 157- .039 173- 1.4 .067 117. -063 132. .059 148. .056 165- 054 183. -051 202. 1.6 .085 134- .080 i .51. 075 170. .071 189. .068 200- .064 231- 1.8 .104 151- .098 170. .092 191- .088 213- .083 2 3 6. .079 260. 2.0 .125 168. .118 189. .in 212. .105 236. .100 262. 095 289- 2.2 .148 184. -139 162 208. .131 T e o 233- 2 $A .124 260. 284 .118 T?R 288. -113 317. If .108 218. .186 246. .176 ^54- 276. .167 307. 159 340. .151 375- 2.8 .226 235- .213 265. .201 297- .190 331- .181 367. , .172 404. 3-o .255 251. .240 284. .227 318. .215 354- .204 393- .194 433- 3-2 .286 268. .269 SQ3. 254 339- .241 378. .229 419. .218 462. 3-4 319 285. .300 S22. .284 360. .269 402. .255 445- 243 491. 3-6 353 S02. 333 34- .314 382. .298 42.5- -283 471. -269 520. 3-8 .389 318. .366 359- .346 403- .328 449- .312 497- 297 548- 4.0 .427 S35. .402 S78. .380 424. -360 473- 342 524- .325 577- 4.2 .466 352. -439 397- .415 445- 393 496. -373 550. .-355 606. 4-4 508 369. -478 416. 451 467- .427 520. .406 576. -387 635. 4-6 550 385.. .518 435- .489 488. 463 543- .440 602. 419 664. 4.8 595 402. -56o 454- .529 509. .501 567. .476 628. 453 693- 5-0 .641 419. -603 473- .569 530. 539 591- 513 654- .488 722. 5-2 .688 436. .648 492. .612 .5.51- .58o 614. .551 681. B .524 750. 5-4 738 4,52. .694 5ii. .656 573- .621 638. -590 707. . .^62 779- 5-6 .789 469. 742 530. .701 594- .664 662. .631 733- 1 .601 808. 5-8 .841 486. -792 549- .748 615. .709 685- -673 759- BJEji 837- 6.0 .896 503. .843 567. .796 6^6. : .754 709. .717 785. .68s 866. 6.5 1.039 545. -978 615- .924 689. -875 768. .831 8si. .792 938. ! 7-o I-IQ3 586. 1.123 662. 1. 060 742. 1.004 827. 954 916. .909 IOIO. i 7-5 1-357 628. 1.277 709. 1. 2O6 795- 1*143 886. 1.085 982. 034 1082. | 8.0 i-53i 670. 1.441 757- I.36l 848. 1.289 945- 1.225 1047. tl 6 7 IIS5- 8.5 1.716 712. 1.615 804. 1.525 901 1-445 1004. 1-373 HI3 -308 1227. 9.0 1.911 754- 1.799 851. 1.699 954- 1.610 1063. 1-529 1178. -456 1299. 9-5 2.117 796. 1-993 898. 1.882 1007. 1.783 1122. 1.694 1244. -613 I37I- 1 iO.O 2-333 838. 2.196 946. 2.074 1060. 1.965 1181. 1.867 1309- .778 1443- This information replaces that on pages 286 to 288 642 Loss of Head in Pipe by Friction Loss of Head in Pipe by Friction (Continued) Based on Cox's Formula (see page 289) v = Velocity in feet per second. H = Loss of head by friction in feet per 100 foot length of pipe. Q = Discharge in cubic feet per minute. .... Inside diameter of pipe in inches V . 22 24 26 28 30 33 H Q H Q H Q H Q H Q H 1.0 .027 158. .024 188. .022 221. .021 257- .019 295- .018 1.2 .037 190. 034 226. .031 265. .029 308. .027 353- 025 1.4 .049 222. .045 264. .041 310. 038 359- .036 412. .032 1.6 .062 253- .056 302. .052 354- .048 411. 045 471. .041 1.8 .076 285. .069 339- .06 4 398. 059 462. 055 530. .050 2.0 .091 317- .083 377- .077 442. .071 513- .067 589- .061 2.2 .107 348- .098 415. .091 487. .084 564- .070 648. .072 2.4 125 380. .H5 452. .106 531- .098 616. .092 707. .083 2.6 .144 412. .132 490. .122 575- .113 667. .106 766. .096 2.8 .164 443- .151 528. 139 619. .129 718. .120 825. .109 3-0 .186 475- .170 565. 157 664- .146 770. .136 884. .124 3-2 .208 507. .191 603- .176 708. .164 821. 153 942. .139 3-4 .232 539- .213 641. .196 752. .182 872. .170 IOOI. 155 3-6 .257 570. .236 679- .217 796. .202 924. .188 1060. .171 3-8 .283 602. .260 716. .240 841- .223 975- .208 1119. .189 4.0 .311 634- .285 754- .263 885. .244 1026. .228 1178. .207 4.2 339 665- .311 792. .287 929. .267 1078. 249 1237. .226 4-4 369 697- .338 829. 312 973- .290 1129. .271 1296. .246 4.6 .400 729- .367 867. 339 1018. 314 1 1 80. 293 1355- .267 4.8 432 760. 396 90S- .366 1062. 340 1232. 317 1414. .288 S-o .466 792- 427 942. 304 1106. .366 1283. 342 1473- .311 5.2 .501 824. 459 980. 424 1150. 393 1334- 367 1532. .334 5-4 537 855- 492 1018. 454 H95- .422 1385- 393 1590. .358 5-6 574 887. 526 1056. .485 1239. 451 1437- .421 1649. .382 5-8 .612 919. .561 1093- .518 1283. .481 1488. -449 1708. .408 6.0 .652 950. 597 1131- 551 1327- .512 1539- .478 1767. 434 6.5 .756 1030. .693 1225. 639 1438. 594 1668. 554 1914. 504 7.0 .867 1109. 795 1319- .734 1549- .682 1796. .636 2062. .578 7-5 .987 n88. 90S 1414. .835 1659- 775 1924. .724 2209. .658 8.0 1. 114 1267. I.O2I 1508. 942 1770. .875 2053- .817 2356- .742 8.5 1.248 1346. 1. 144 1602. 1.056 1880. .981 2181. 915 2503- .832 9.0 1.390 1425. 1.274 1696. 1.176 1991. 1.092 2309. 1.019 2651. .927 9-5 1-540 1505- 1.411 1791. 1.303 2IO2. I.2IO 2437- 1.129 2798. 1.027 10.0 1.697 1584. 1.556 1885. 1.436 2212. 1-333 2566. 1.244 2945- I.I3I This information replaces that on pages 28fi to 288 Loss of Head in Pipe by Friction 643 Loss of Head in Pipe by Friction (Concluded) Based on Cox's Formula (see page 289) v = Velocity in feet per second. // = Loss of head by friction in feet per 100 foot length of pipe. Q = Discharge in cubic feet per minute. Inside diameter of pipe in inches V 36 39 42 45 48 H Q H Q H Q H Q H Q I.O .016 424- .015 498. .014 577- .013 663. .012 754- 1.2 .023 509- .021 597- .019 693- .018 795- .017 905. 1.4 .030 594- .027 697- .025 808. .024 928. .022 1056. 1.6 .038 679. .035 796. .032 924. .030 1060. .028 1206. 1.8 .046 763- 043 896. .040 1039- .037 1193- 035 1357- 2.0 .056 848. .051 995- .048 1155- .044 1325- .041 1508. 2.2 .066 933-' .061 1095- .056 1270. 053 1458. .049 1659. 2.4 .076 1018. .071 1195- .066 1385- .061 1590. 057 1810. 2.6 .088 1103. .081 1294. 075 1501. .070 1723. .066 1960. 2.8 .100 1188. 093 1394- .086 1616. .080 1856. 075 2III. 3-0 113 1272. .105 1493- .097 1732. .091 1988. .085 2262. 3-2 .127 1357- .117 1593- .109 1847- .102 2121. 095 2413. 3-4 .142 1442. .131 1692. .122 1963. 113 2253- .106 2564. 3-6 157 1527- 145 1792. 135 2078. .126 2386. .118 2714. 3-8 173 1612. .160 1891. .148 2194. .138 2518. .130 2865. 4.0 .190 1696. 175 1991. .163 2309. .152 2651. .142 30l6. 4.2 .207 1781. .191 2091. .178 2425. .166 2783- 155 3l67. 4-4 .226 1866. .208 2190. 193 2540. .l8o 2916. .169 3318. 4.6 245 I95I- .226 2290. .210 2655. .196 3048. .183 3468. 4.8 .264 2036. 244 2389. .227 2771. .211 3l8l. .198 3619. 5-o .285 2121. .263 2489- .244 2886. .228 33I3- .214 3770. 5-2 .306 2205. .282 2588. .262 3002. 245 3440. .229 3921. 5-4 .328 2290. .303 2688. .281 3117- .262 3578. .246 4072. 5-6 351 2375- 324 2787- 300 3233- .280 3711- .263 4222. 5-8 374 2460. 345 2887. 321 3348. .299 3844- .280 4373- 6.0 -398 2545- .368 2986. 341 3464. 319 3976. .299 4524. 6.5 .462 2757- .426 3235. .396 3752. .369 4307. .346 4901. 7.0 530 2969. .489 3484. 454 4041. .424 4639- .398 5278. 7-5 .603 3l8l. .557 3733- .517 4330. .482 4970. 452 5655. 8.0 .681 3393- .628 3982. .583 4618. 544 5301. .510 6032. 8-5 .763 3605. .704 4231. .654 4907. .6lO 5633- .572 6409. 9.0 .850 3817- 784 4480. .728 5I95- .680 5964. 637 6786. 9-5 .941 4029. .869 4729. .807 5484- 753 6295. .706 7163- IO.O 1.037 4241. 957 4977- .889 5773- .830 6627. .778 7540. This information replaces that on pages 86 to 288 644 Discharging Capacities of Extra Strong Pipe Relative Discharging Capacities of Extra Strong Pipe Relative Discharge Capacity = V Inside Diameter 6 Actual Internal Diameter .215 .302 423 .546 .742 .957 Nominal Internal Diameter M K H $M$i nr; >, K K I y& y, y* y* x i iK m 2 2K ty 4 4K 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 15 I.OOO 2.338 5-42Q 10.277 22.127 41.801 86.145 128.568 192.792 383-731 668.188 968.376 1335.876 1778.467 2371.065 3716.623 5270.703 7490.372 10192.989 13848.903 17677.669 22079.970 28429.040 34215.581 40656.686 I.OOO 2.322 4-395 9.462 17.876 36.839 54-981 104.454 164.094 285.744 414-117 571.275 760.547 1013.963 1589.378 2253-965 3203.187 4358.914 5922.351 7559-686 9442.288 12157.407 14631.966 17372.154 I.OOO 1.893 4-075 7.699 15.866 23.680 45-044 70.676 123.068 178.357 246.043 327.561 436.706 684.532 970.764 1379.516 1877.357 2550.707 3255.894 4066.715 5236.094 6288.258 7488.195 I.OOO 2.153 4.067 8.382 12.510 23.766 37.337 65.015 94.223 129.981 173.046 230.706 361.629 512.841 728.816 991.782 I 347-504 1720.044 2148.389 2766.156 3329-189 3955-911 I.OOO 1.889 3.893 5.811 11.039 17.343 30.198 43.765 60.374 80.377 107.159 167.971 238.207 338.524 460.668 625.895 798.935 997.895 1284.839 1546.359 1837.462 4 I.OOO 2.061 3.076 5.843 9.180 15.985 23.166 31.958 42.546 56.723 88.913 126.091 179-192 243.847 331.308 422.903 528.220 680.107 818.541 972.631 Nominal Internal Diameter 1 A Y* % K I 957 Actual Internal Diameter .215 .302 .423 .546 .742 This information supplements that on pages 806 to 309 Discharging Capacities of Extra Strong Pipe 645 Relative Discharging Capacities of Extra Strong Pipe (Concluded) Relative Discharge Capacity = V Inside Diameter 5 Actual Internal Diameter 1.278 1.500 1-939 2.323 2.900 3.364 3.826 4.290 4.813 Nominal Internal Diamter I# iK 2 zy* 3 3M 4 4K iWfcl iX IK 2 2 y 2 3 3# |f 6 8 9 10 ii 12 13 14 15 1. 000 1.492 2.835 4-454 7-757 11.241 I5-507 20.645 27.524 43-144 61.184 86.951 118.323 160.760 205.208 256.311 330.013 397.185 471-955 1. 000 1.900 2.985 5.197 7.532 10.390 13.833 18.442 28.908 40.996 58.260 79.281 107.717 137.497 171.738 221. 121 266.129 316.228 I.OOO I.57I 2.736 3.965 5.469 7.28l 9.707 I5.2I6 21.578 30.666 4L73I 56.698 72.373 90.396 II6.390 140.080 166.450 I.OOO 1.741 2.524 3.481 4-635 6.179 9.685 13.735 19-520 26.563 36.090 46.068 57.401 73.421 89.166 105.951 I.OOO 1.449 1.999 2.662 3.548 5.562 7-888 II. 210 15.255 20.726 26.456 33-045 42.546 51.206 60.846 I.OOO 1.380 L837 2.448 3-838 5-443 7-735 10.526 14-301 18.255 22.801 29-357 35-333 41.984 I.OOO I-33I 1-775 2.782 3-945 5-607 7-630 10.367 13-233 16.528 21.281 25-613 30-434 I.OOO 1-333 2.089 2.964 4.212 5.731 7.787 9.940 12.415 15-985 19.239 22.860 I.OOO 1.567 2.223 3.159 4.299 5.841 7.456 9.312 11.990 14.430 17.176 Actual Internal Diameter 5.76i 6.625 7-625 8.625 9.750 10.750 11.750 13.000 14.000 15.000 Nominal Internal Diameter 6 7 { 9 14 15 6 7 8 9 10 ii 12 13 14 15 1. 000 1.418 2.015 2.743 3.726 4.756 5.941 7.649 9.206 10.939 I.OOO 1.421 1.934 2.715 3.354 4.189 5-394 6.492 7.7U I.OOO 1.361 1.849 2.360 2.948 3.795 4.568 5.428 I.OOO 1.359 1.734 2.166 2.789 3-357 3-989 I.OOO 1.276 1.594 2.053 2.471 2.936 I.OOO 1.248 1.518 1.827 2.171 I.OOO 1.287 1-549 1.841 I.OOO 1.204 1.430 I.OOO 1.188 I.OOO This information supplements that on pages 806 to 646 Discharging Capacities of Double Extra Strong Pipe Relative Discharging Capacities of Double Extra Strong Pipe Relative Discharge Capacity = V Inside Diameter Actual Internal Diameter .252 434 -599 .896 i 1. 100 1-503 >,n Nominal Internal Diameter K K i -K '{' 2 /2 | I.OOO 3.892 I OOO i 8.711 2.238 I.OOO 1 % 23.838 6.124 2-737 I.OOO iK 39.809 10 227 I.67O I.OOO 2 86.875 22.319 9 973 3.044 2.182 I.OOC 2K 3 f 4K 5 si$ 130.932 251.662 385.576 553.304 760.687 1043.796 1664.653 2624.329 3887.589 33.637 64.654 99-057 142.148 195-427 268.157 427.662 674.210 998.751 15-031 28.890 44-236 63-518 103-795 119.826 191.099 301.268 446.287 5-493 10-557 16.175 23.211 31.911 43-787 69-832 110.057 163.084 3-030 6.352 9.686 13.899 19.108 26.220 41.817 65-923 97.656 1.507 2.897 4.438 6.369 8.756 12.015 19.161 30.208 44-749 I.OOO 1.922 2-945 4-226 5.8io 7.972 11.529 20.043 29.692 OQQ . T ;. Actual Internal Diameter 2.300 2.728 3.152 3-580 4-063 4.897 5.875 6.875 Nominal 3 4K 6 Internal s*f 4 5 7 8 Diameter 3 I.OOO 3^ 1.5 I.OOO 4 2.199 1.435 I.OOO 4K 3.023 1.973 1.375 I.OOO 5 4.148 2.707 1.886 1.372 I.OOO 6 6.615 4-317 3.009 1.993 1.523 I.OOO 8 10.428 15.448 6.806 10.083 4-390 7.026 3.450 S-ni 2.474 3-724 1.577 2-335 I.OOO 1.481 I.OOO ; . ...ooo.i LLOS.Z oi.?.i ;.Ot.5 dOE.O ! 1.1 This information supplements that on pages 306 to 309 Gas Quantities, Feed Pipe Sizes, etc., for Gas Engines 647 ^Quantity of Gas, Size of Feed Pipes, etc., Required for Gas Engines Table showing approximate discharge of gas of 0.6 specific gravity in r inch straight pipe, for various lengths, in cubic feet per hour, at the pressure of 4 oz. equal to 6.9 inches water at the intake and 3.7 oz. equal to 6.4 inches water at discharge end. Length of pipe in feet Cubic feet per hour Length of pipe in feet Cubic feet j| Length of per hour . pipe in feet Cubic feet per hour 50 350 600 102 1600 62 IOO 24? 700 95 1800 58 150 203 800 88 2000 55 200 175 900 83 2500 50 250 152 IOOO 76 3000 ~47lv i 300 143 I IOO 73 3500 42 350 136 1200 71 4000 I- IJ4QO '- 400 124 1300 68 4500 37 450 H5 I4OO 66 5000 35 500 no 1500 64 5280 34 For siies other than one-inch, use table below. Multipliers for Diameters Other than One Inch Size pipe, inches & TT-rpr-i iJ< iK 2 fj$ 3 Multipliers . , ^. ;"^ to N OOO * to XOOO -^ to toO to * 3 OOO to HI 00 toOO O O fOM t^pr,Hi 1^. tovo HI OOOO M HI to O>O OOMlotoTJ'OOOO'fO> fOOO to t^ r-vO O> to * fOtoMiOMtosirfo tOO OO to\O Oi to fOOO to rtO HI to lOOO OO OO O to N O> jdrivd 4'cJ M' M M External surface I ^^^a^SsS^^s^s^a^l^^^j?^?^^^^^^ Transverse area li a Ss**Slfig21l5i8iHSS?^ISS&lll= "rt c cr in O M M to lOOO * O fO to POOO toOOOOtow Oto lOO 00 O OO O 00 ^fO ^OO O> MWNNfolol " vooooo " c> -- --- External cr IT. 2 ?! 38 ^5555^&5a^ ^^^^^^^^S^^t? M.^to^to^tooaoo.cjjojooc.toj- Circumference Internal 1 COwiOCfcffttoO^f ^O MOMOOOOtOOOOOO^to OO O to O> O O o"o > S2 v S^^ MH.MMMC.^^c.totoco^ro^^^^trvo^O il 1 m *8SWtiS*MS C SSftRKE R m Diameter Internal 1 Iffl^ffllllfl^p^l'lllllllll'lf ' External I ^^oo t S > ^ll^ ) 8a8 v aovSvSvS^S^JC^^^^8888 J to qoq This information supplements that on pages 4W to 459->\m \ Circumferences, Areas, Surfaces Extra Strong Pipe 64 Circumferences, Transverse Areas and Surfaces for Extra Strong Pipe bO^j c?'3,'e3 3 8 c 1 CO O O t-O COO t^O OMWtowiOTl-r^TtiOO f00 to 10 to cOWOqOiHC>jTtr>. OOO CN "? O O to M M -sj- O to co O OOO OM t^ H 00 O O^J-l-- tOCO O co COO ONMtOtOcONTj- O ^ co O* rj- QvOO rJ-O ^t M co O O OO t^O rfO>O.tO t>j. N 0*0 lOfO(N. N COO 01 co ^J- N CO to cOt->rtCOCOMOOO tocOOCO OtO OO t^O CN O O CO CO CO M M W N Tj-O 00 M Tt-00 O * lOOO Tfr O CO S COO M H M M i2-eo-O WOO cOl-cOnO H w co tOOO co M OO <* ^l-O to OO co *tO -t l> l^ -*O O t^ O * ^MMHHC* Circumference Internal .*^t^qqq External 1 3 rj- too CO O coO O coco to O to o >oO OOO r^t^r^o O O 1 XX^XiS XX X X X This information supplements that on pages 419 to 459 650 Circumferences, Areas, Surfaces Double Extra Strong Pipe *iil 1 engtS^fcf I't.j. 'Sis >. '."'. ;:'d3fc : a Strong Pipe ?* :' 6 S 5G o o w Length of pipe per square foot C3 y : +> 1 to O t^-O t- rf tovo O H vo rf- OO to to "tS 1 jj MOQcOvN ^VOHO ^(NOO r-^vo xo aS ! ^ S 000 * ^"" M WHM 1 "3 0) ''' OC't'jM OO fv SO *J tN. t^ * H OOOOOM M-00 fO^O vo O HHOO l^lOtt -opo ; --loo . 20-5Q.2 , *\Mit 3QI-OQS ..il^:liE._.n^ Ii2 i23")3g 3j li'OC"' tf?-^? 'd 1 ^ V ' I'Svii'S 51 Circumferences, Transverse Areas and Surfaces for Double Extr i \ I I K ^OJ 1 U ^ cr HW H(M4iovo'oo'dH looo H CR C/2 M M M MIO ONi-iWvO O t^-oo r-- co to\O S^ HHMMWMC^C, H | : | HH 1? SI H^S IH C 0) cs ^t OO OcOwO OOiNOco t-ioto C i .fl toco^O* OOt^O cs toco vo o t* t^ O ) O M T}- lOOO MlOt^CO 1--H1OO OOOOOO g!^ MWHN NCOCO'^'j- tO>O C5 ^ OO>oO OtotoO OOOcO toioto 4) y CO O COVO O> COCO O O O O to vo vo vo PW (^ ! M\C^ *^ h^S. M\ >^ l^J. : . This information supplements that on pages 419 to 459 Circumferences, Areas, Surfaces Boiler Tubes and Flues 65 1 | Circumferences, Transverse Areas and Surfaces for Standard Boiler Tubes and Flues Length of tube containing one cu. ft. 1 j O O lOCO O O t^ N M ^ t^O CO H t^vo W Tt"O Ov to 't t ] ^O OO O\ O* co to CO O coco O M M 10 O ** t>O O t*O Transverse area Length of tube !i d 5* COO^co CO co Ov M CO co cs CM co CN CO W CO M O "f fOt^ 3^ ^MM MMHH MH ^^Q^8^[ j i per squ External Internal ! Metal External tf .a cr C/3 d cr in d M O^O "* co ot H O O OvOO > Oio-^rJ- OOON (N -tOitCCh * O O *fr CO t^CO O IOCOHCO COnCOW 't'^co OvO rt M O O^CO t^ \O W co >O N Tj-vO CO ^ lO^O ^ M O> rf Ht-^rOO^ cOt^MTt- t^. COO t^- * * O N OCO N O> N M MO; &0 c?0 g'^avO ^vg Soo S"^ H H M H 01 CO tOO t>- O H fO O t^ O 1 1 i 4. 1 t y ' y '>'' " T Circumference Internal 1 1 M H H M M M >t^ co^dd MN^IO COM toco H j- 1>. d to t^ o Thickness 6 1 otoioo\ OO>OO O"t -^-QO to to to O co O O^CO co O* O Diameter Internal till HI! RS2 Illl HH HI MHNoI WcJcocO cocO^f^ toO t^CO O> O M to ^ 10 External 1 X \\ \ \\ V \ . . This information supplements that on pages 419 to 459 652 Metric Conversion Tables Metric Conversion Tables Pounds per Linear Foot to Kilos per Linear Meter Lbs. ,. per 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 foot w DC > -X V ,;- ft C* Kilos per Meter i 2 3 14.882 16.370 17.858 19-347 29.764 3L252 32.740 34-229 44.645 46.133 47.621 49.110 59.527 74-409 61.015175.897 62.503177.385 63.992178.874 89.291 90.779 92.267 93-756 104.172 105.660 107.148 108.637 119.054 120.542 122.030 123.519 I33.936 I35-424 136.912 138.401 1.4882 2.9764 4.4645 4 5-9527 20.835 35-717 50.598 65.480 80.362 95.244 110.125 125.007 139-889 i 6 7.4409 8.9291 22.323 23.8II 37-205 38.693 52.086 53-574 66.968 68.456 81.850 83-338 96.732 111.613 98.220 113.101 126.495 127.983 141.377 142.865 7 10.4172 25.299 4O.l8l 55-062 69.944 84.826 99.708 114.589 129.471 144.353 $ 11.9054 I3-3936 26.787 28.276 41.669 43.158 56.550 58.039 71.432 72.921 86.314 87.803 101.196 102.685 116.077 117.566 130.959 132.448 145-841 147.330 Kilos per Linear Meter to Pounds per Linear Foot D Kilos 60 80 2 : 5. metei b ** ** Pounds per foot o 6.720 13-439 20.159 26.879 33.598 40.318 47.037 53-757 60.477 i 0.6720 7-392 I4.III 20.831 27-551 34.270 40.990 47.709 54-429 61.149 2 1-3439 8.064 14783 21.503 28.223 34-942 41.662 48.381 55-101 61.821 3 4 5 2.0159 2.6879 3-3598 8.736 9.408 IO.O80 I5.455J22.I75 I6.I27 22.847 16.799 23.519 28.895 29-567 30.239 35-614 36.286 36.958 42.334 43.006 43.678 49.053 49.725 50.397 55-773 56.445 57-117 62.493 63-165 63-837 6 4.0318 10.752 17.471 24.191 30.911 37-630 44-350 51.069 57-789 64.509 J! 9 4.7037 5-3757 6.0477 11.424 I2.O96 12.768 18.143 I8.8I5 19.487 24.863 25-535 26.207 31-583 32.255 32.927 38.302 45.022 38.974 45-694 39.646; 46.366 51.741 52.413 53.085 58.461 59-133 59-805 65.181 65-853 66.525 lie!! iri^o, ~J0.|^ -l! S 5&S&E : 1 w . B z%? ffssi fc#si;? M ft R**"' -"^" l &- ^ & ItS ,.-... tr&d CJT - o ^ > <* * o ** o & o o "' i w o <' 6- * O' Co O W't* O^ "t* n* r> -J O en 4 o* w I-* b < bcbr o'fu t M M H M M M . This information supplements that on pages 460 to 476 Metric Conversion Tables 65; Metric Conversion Tables (Concluded) Pounds per Square Inch to Kilograms per Square Millimeter Lbs. per square inch 1 0000 7.030 7-733 8.436 9-139 9.842 10-545 11.248 11.952 12.655 13.358 2 OOOO 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000 90000 63.280 63-983 64.686 65-389 66.092 66.795 67-498 68.202 68.905 69.608 ; OOOO 1000 2OOO 3000 4OOO SOOO 6000 700O 8000 9000 0.703 1.406 2.IOQ 2.812 3-5I5 4.218 4.Q22 5.625 6.328 Kil 14.060 14-763 15-466 16.169 16.872 17-575 18.278 18.982 19.685 20.388 os per 21.090 21.793 22.496 23.199 23.902 24.605 25.308 26.012 26.715 27-418 square 28.120 28.823 29-526 30.229 30-932 3I.635 32.338 33-042 33-745 34.448 ; millim 35.150 35-853 36-556 37.259 37-962 38.665 39-368 40.072 40-775 41.478 eter 42.180 42.883 43-586 44.289 44.992 45-695 46.398 47.102 47-805 48.508 49.220 49.923 50.626 51-329 52.032 52.375 53.438 54-142 54-845 55.548 56.250 56.953 57-656 58.359 59-062 59-765 60.468 61.172 61.875 62.578 njsrf'jsm anivhb yusioi yd bsgBsna ei jfirf} sqiq qbj sriT .^il V**tx) 50 ^"nO Kilograms per Square Millimeter to Pounds per Square Inch Kilos per square milli- meter 10 20 30 40 So 60 7o 80 90 128009 129431 130854 132276 133698 135121 I36S43 137965 139387 140810 i 2 3 4 6 8 9 1422 2845 4267 5689 7112 8534 9956 II378 I280I 14223 15645 17068 18490 19912 21335 22757 24179 25601 I 28446 29868 31291 32713 34135 35558 36980 38402 39824 41247 ounds 42670 44092 45515 46937 48359 49782 51204 52626 54048 55471 per sq 56893 58315 59738 61160 62582 64005 65427 66849 68271 69694 lare in< 71116 72538 7396i 75383 76805 78228 79650 81072 82494 83917 -h 85339 86761 88184 89606 91028 92451 93873 95295 96717 98140 99563 100985 102408 103830 105252 106675 108097 109519 110941 112364 13786 15208 16631 18053 19475 20898 22320 23742 25164 126587 This information supplements that on pages //60 to 476 654 Glossary of Terms Definitions Page 478 /. P. S. Iron Pipe Size. This term is misleading, inasmuch as it is used in the fittings trade to indicate valves and fittings threaded for wrought pipe sizes (either iron or steel) . - ; itom Page 485 Companion Flange. A flange suited to connect with a fitting, valve, etc Unless otherwise specified, to be faced only and threaded to screw on pipe, and conforming with the American Standard. When specified to be drilled, the drilling will conform to the same standard unless otherwise specified. r> page 493 X-. *?.{.' , |As t\&d:i ] Grip or Grief Pipe. The top pipe that is engaged by rotary driving mechan- ism to stand the severe strain of driving a rotary drilling stem. Page 504 Rose Head. A sprinkler nozzle OEE.S8 JtfilJpa 13<| 250004 ' .. :fcsij -o This information supplements that on pages 4W to 516 Publications of National Tube Company 655 PUBLICATIONS OF NATIONAL TUBE COMPANY "NATIONAL" BULLETINS "NATIONAL" Bulletins form an easily accessible source of the latest information regarding "NATIONAL" Tubular and allied products, because the Bulletins are sent free on request to anyone interested in these and like subjects. While each "NATIONAL" Bulletin is complete in itself, yet various phases of the same subject may be treated in separate Bulletins, and therefore two or more may be necessary to secure the complete information. For instance: the subjects of Corrosion, Durability and Spellerizing of "NATIONAL" Pipe are contained in more than one Bulletin. The titles of "NATIONAL" Bulletins and their numbers are given below: *. ? iDtosbairjinMC) LsibrtsO''" "NATIONAL" BULLETINS !n ibJma sgiaJ nl No. i Some Recent Developments in Testing Boiler Tubes. No. 2 Corrosion of Hot-Water Piping in Bath Houses. No. 3 The Durability of Welded Pipe in Service. No. 4 Corrosion of Boiler Tubes. No. 5 "NATIONAL" Pipe for Refrigerating Systems. O^3&&$1 No. 6 'Pipe Threading Dies. ..-_ _ ^ ,, _, . ,. __ , i.IT/VW 03 /:;.(;! No. 7 "N. T. C. Regrmdmg Valves. No. 8-"NATIONAL" Coating. No. 9-Some Tests of " KEWANEE" Unions. No. 10 The Relative Corrosion of Iron and Steel Pipe as Found in Service. No. ii History, Characteristics and The Advantages of "NATIONAL" Pipe. No. 1 2 Characteristics of "NATIONAL" Pipe. No. 13 "N. T. C." Iron Body Brass Mounted Wedge Gate Valves. No. 14 "NATIONAL" Tubular Steel Poles. No. 15 "NATIONAL" Pipe for Drilling Purposes. No. 16 "NATIONAL" Stationary and Marine Boiler Tubes. No. 17 The Manufacture and Use of "SHELBY" Seamless Tubing. No. 1 8 "NATIONAL" Reamed arid Drifted Pipe. No. 19 List of Products. No. 20 Index for "NATIONAL" Bulletins Nos. i to 20. No. 21 "NATIONAL" Bedstead Tubing. No. 22 "NATIONAL" Pipe for Railway Signal Service. No. 23 "NATIONAL" Dry Kiln Pipe. No. 24 The Rise of Steel Pipe. No. 25 "NATIONAL" Pipe in Large Buildings. No. 26 Autogenous Welding of "NATIONAL" Pipe. 656 Publications of National Tube Company BOILER TUBES, "NATIONAL" Nos. Corrison Data. . . .?F. IT .?. ... 4 General Data 1 6 Physical Tests, ^^^^f . .1.16 Specifications ' ' JL< Spellerizing . . . . ,.,. .. , f 3 ...... 1 6 PIPE, "NATIONAL" Autogenous Welding of 26 Coating for Pipe 8 Dry Kiln , .-PJtW4 . . ... 23 Durability (inc. Corrosion) 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, ii, 12 For Drilling Purposes 15 For Refrigerating Systems. . 5, 11 General Characteristics ...11,12 In Large Buildings 25 Marking "NATIONAL" Pipe ii Reamed and Drifted 18 Signal Pipe 22 Spellerizing 11,12 NATIONAL" Bulletin Summary PIPE, "NATIONAL" Nos Threading The Rise of Steel Pipe 2 POLES, "NATIONAL" TUBU LAR STEEL i PRODUCTS, LIST OF i TUBING "NATIONAL" BED STEAD .?_'_!, ' TUBING "SHELBY" SEAM- LESS i UNIONS, "KEWANEE". VALVES ;IO8 I .oVl Gate ^Q ,-T : "N. T. C." Regrinding INDEX FOR "NATIONAL" BULLETINS NOS. i TO 20 2. In addition to "NATIONAL" Bulletins, this Company also publishe from time to time other types of informatory literature (see list following' which may also be secured free of charge on request by those whose letter head or activities would indicate a legitimate use. There is one exception only, THE BOOK OF STANDARDS, for which there will be a charg* of two dollars. "NATIONAL" Pipe MODERN WELDED PIPE. Book of 32 pages (7^x8^), profusely illustrated with nearly thirty halftone and line engravings; also descrip tion of the manufacture, properties and durability of "NATIONAL* Pipe. There are various tables covering summary of results of investiga tions on the comparative corrosion of iron and steel in actual service, with many conclusive opinions from experts who have conducted numerous searching investigations and tests. (Edition exhausted; another being prepared.) STANDARD BUNDLING SCHEDULE FOR "NATIONAL" PIPE Card (6x6^4, folded to 3x6^), 2 illustrations. Contains table showing number of pieces per bundle, average length and average weight of Stand ard "NATIONAL" Pipe, "NATIONAL" Extra Strong Pipe, and "NATIONAL" Double Extra Strong Pipe; sizes yi inch to i*4 inch inclusive. Publications of National Tube Company 657 "NATIONAL" Pipe Continued STRUCTURAL DIFFERENCES. Circular, single sheet (8#xn), lustrated with two micro-photographs showing the structure of NATIONAL" Pipe and wrought iron pipe. The description proves conclu- ively, when compared with the photographs, that "NATIONAL" Pipe homogeneous, or uniform in structure, while wrought iron pipe is hetro- eneous, or non-uniform. A list of the advantages of "NATIONAL" e is also included. NATIONAL" PIPE. Circular, single sheet (8Kxn), contains brief xplanation of the process of Spellerizing, and the special advantages to he smaller sizes of "NATIONAL" Pipe (4 inches and under) of this roll- nobbling process, to which "NATIONAL" Pipe ONLY is subjected, f pipe is not "NATIONAL" it is NOT Spellerized. FROM ORE TO FINISHED "NATIONAL" PIPE. Folder, 8 pages KXII), 6 illustrations. Contains description of three reels of motion ictures showing the manufacture of "NATIONAL" Modern Welded *ipe. ^jfj* indtimteitin anoiftkii 5 jess^fl^SSaQ'J^TJimVTi. FROM ORE TO FINISHED "NATIONAL" PIPE. Booklet, 12 ages (4^x9^) and cover, n illustrations. In addition to brief descrip- ion of the motion pictures showing the manufacture of "NATIONAL" Modern Welded Pipe, this booklet contains short explanatory articles on he butt-weld and lap-weld processes of making pipe and the subject of >ipe Threading; also excerpts from the writings of several recognized uthorities on the relative durability of steel and wrought iron pipe, con- luding with a summary of "NATIONAL" Bulletins, Nos. i to 19, in- lusive. "NATIONAL" BULLETIN No. n HISTORY, CHARACTER- STICS AND THE ADVANTAGES OF "NATIONAL" PIPE (48 pages, 3 halftones, 57 zinc etchings). This Bulletin contains interesting informa- ion relative to the history of pipe and its manufacture with particular eference to "NATIONAL" Pipe, together with authenticated data on ervice tests. The text is arranged under the following heads: A Short listory of Pipe and Early Methods of Manufacturing, First American >ipe Furnaces, History of National Tube Company, Material for Pipe, The First Steel Pipe, Pipe Threading, Spellerizing "NATIONAL" Pipe, ull Standard Weight Pipe Only Manufactured, The Continuous Uni- ormity of "NATIONAL" Pipe, Physical Properties, Remarkable Ductility f "NATIONAL" Pipe, Bursting Pressure, The Inspection and Tests of NATIONAL" Pipe, Changes in the Tubular Industry, "NATIONAL" >ipe for Refrigerating Systems, Corrosion of Pipe in Hot Water Systems, N he Design of Hot Water Supply Systems to Minimize Corrosion, Corro- ion of Pipe in Coal Mines, Corrosion of Pipe in General Service, Corrosion f Pipe in Green House Service, "NATIONAL" Pipe for Gas Lines, Cor- osion of Pipe in Boiler Feed-water Service, Relative Corrosion of Iron \ nd Steel Pipe for Plumbing Service, A Summary of Results of Investiga- 658 Publications of National Tube Company "NATIONAL" Pipe Continued tions of the Corrosion of Iron and Steel Pipe in Actual Service, Corrosion of Iron and Steel Pipe Under Atmospheric Conditions, Diagrammati Representations of the Merits of "NATIONAL" Pipe compared to Wrought Iron and Ordinary Steel Pipe with references, and a summarized list of "NATIONAL" Bulletins Nos. i to 23, inclusive. "NATIONAL" BULLETIN No. 12 CHARACTERISTICS OF "NATIONAL" PIPE (20 pages, 7 illustrations). This Bulletin contains a summary of information in regard to "NATIONAL" Pipe. The data is supplied under the following headings: Steel Pipe, Uniformity, Physical Properties, Chemical Composition, Bursting Strength, Improvements, Full Weight Pipe, Spellerizing, Threading, Corrosion (resume of opinions), Specifications, Metallurgical Department, Literature, Summary of Ad- vantages, List of Uses of "NATIONAL" Pipe, List of Publications issued by National Tube Company, and charts showing increase in manufacture of steel pipe from 1887 to I9i3>;jhpe9b Bnisj "NATIONAL" BULLETIN No. 15 "NATIONAL" PIPE FOR DRILLING PURPOSES (8 pages, 6 halftone illustrations). This Bulletin contains a full description of this product, the information being supplied under the following captions: Process of Manufacture, Material, Physical Properties, Bending Tests on Welded Pipe, Internal Pressure Test, Length, Permissible Variations, Upsetting, Threading and Reaming, Couplings, Marking, Finish, Inspection, Galling of Threads, Strength of Joint, Torsional Tests with Tables, "NATIONAL" Drill Pipe with Table, "NATIONAL" Special Rotary Pipe with Table, "NATIONAL" Special Upset Rotary Pipe with Table, "NATIONAL" Seamless Interior Upset Drill Pipe with Table, Precautions in Handling Drill Pipe and Trade Customs. "NATIONAL" BULLETIN No. 18 "NATIONAL" REAMED AND DRIFTED PIPE (12 pages, 33 halftone illustrations). This Bulletin contains a complete description of this product with a short introduction explaining the process of Well Drilling and information relative to the various accessories necessary for the drilling and pumping of wells. For example Well Cylinders, Points, Valves, Strainers, Drive Shoes, Coup- lings, Drive Caps, Seating Tool, etc. "NATIONAL" BULLETIN No. 19 LIST OF PRODUCTS (8 pages). To supply a quick and ready reference is the purpose of this Bulletin. The products manufactured by this Company are designed for a great variety of mechanical and commercial purposes, hence a single catalogue containing a detailed description of each separate product would be cumbersome. This Bulletin contains a concise list, which gives to the trade reliable information about National Tube Company products. "NATIONAL" BULLETIN No. 20 INDEX FOR "NATIONAL" BULLETINS Nos. i to 20 (32 pages, 6 illustrations). This Bulletin is a cross-indexed guide to the information contained in all "NATIONAL" Bulletins from i to 19, inclusive.; lug A >t Publications of National Tube Company 659 "NATIONAL" Pipe (Continued) "NATIONAL" BULLETIN No. 21 "NATIONAL" BEDSTEAD TUBING (8 pages, 10 illustrations). This Bulletin gives much informa- tion and data, and shows the advantages of using "NATIONAL" Tubing in the manufacture of modern steel beds, cribs, bungalow beds, bed springs, costumers, etc., and a list of "NATIONAL" Bulletins, Nos. i to 19, inclusive. "NATIONAL" BULLETIN No. 22 "NATIONAL" PIPE FOR RAILWAY SIGNAL SERVICE (12 pages, 18 illustrations). This Bulletin contains a brief description of the several classes of modern railway signal systems with illustrations of a number of installations in which "NATIONAL" Pipe has been used; Standard Signal Pipe Specifi- cations, as approved by The Railway Signal Association, October, 1910; and considerable information relative to "NATIONAL" Pipe for this character of service. This information is given under the following headings: STRENGTH: Physical Properties, Chemical Purity, Resist- ance. DURABILITY and THREADING QUALITIES. In addition there is a list of "NATIONAL" Bulletins, Nos. i to 22, inclusive. "NATIONAL" BULLETIN No. 23 "NATIONAL" DRY KILN PIPE (20 pages, 13 illustrations). This Bulletin contains information relative to this class of "NATIONAL" Pipe and its use. The text matter is grouped under the following headings: Material Used, Method of Manufacture, Uniformity, Chemical Composition, Physical Properties, Bursting Strength, Durability (Resistance to Corrosion), Full Weight, Special Treatments (Spellerizing) , Threading Properties and Tests. There are also tables giving Weights and Dimensions of "NATIONAL" Dry Kiln Pipe and Couplings and "NATIONAL" Standard Pipe- Black and Galvanized, and considerable engineering data relating to Dry Kiln work, closing with a summary of "NATIONAL" Bulletins Nos. i to 23, inclusive. "NATIONAL" BULLETIN No. 24 THE RISE OF STEEL PIPE (8 pages, 4 illustrations). This Bulletin contains three editorials, cover- ing the general subject of "The Rise of Steel Pipe," which appeared in the American Metal Market and Daily Iron and Steel Report, August 20, 1914, The Iron Trade Review, October 15, 1914, and The Iron Age, Decem- ber 3, 1914. There are some comments on these editorials, together with a list of advantages of "NATIONAL" Pipe and complete summary of "NATIONAL" Bulletins Nos. i to 24, inclusive. io nouqnoasD O8IA .esnijjii bira eimot svode to ewsiv snil biu "NATIONAL" BULLETIN No. 25 "NATIONAL" PIPE IN LARGE BUILDINGS (88 pages, 222 illustrations). This Bulletin contains a brief outline of the progress of the last twenty years in building construction; a summary of the advantages of "NATIONAL" Pipe service and the value of marking manufactured products as brought out in a recent editorial in The American Architect; a short summary of the results of tests and investigations of independent authorities relative to the durability of wrought iron and steel pipe; illustrations of Banking, Financial and Office 560 Publications of National Tube Company "NATIONAL" Pipe (Continued) Juildings, Mercantile and Industrial Buildings, Hotels, Clubs and Apart nents, Universities, Colleges, Schools, Churches, Libraries and similar mblic buildings in which "NATIONAL" Pipe has been installed; "The Design of Hot Water Supply Systems to Minimize Corrosion," a paper y F. N. Speller, published in Engineering News, February 13, 1913; Speci- ications covering "NATIONAL "Standard Welded Pipe, "NATIONAL" Ur Line Pipe and "NATIONAL" Special Ammonia Pipe, together ith tables giving dimensions and weights; Engineering data extracted rom "Book of Standards," 1913 Edition, National Tube Company, elative to piping and its use in building construction; an index to the tnportant subjects and illustrations contained in this Bulletin and a hort summary of all "NATIONAL" Bulletins Nos. i to 25, inclusive. 'NATIONAL" BULLETIN No. 26 AUTOGENOUS WELDING "NATIONAL" PIPE (56 pages, 91 illustrations). This Bulletin con- ains information relative to the general subject of autogenous welding of NATIONAL" Pipe; a brief statement of the advantages of "NATIONAL" 3 ipe for work of this character; a number of articles and papers on auto- enous welding of pipe lines written by men who are acknowledged leaders nd authorities in the water and gas works industry; cost and engineering ata; table of contents and cross indexed guide to the important subjects overed in this Bulletin and a summary of all "NATIONAL" Bulletins ] rom i to 26, inclusive. "!) . siHDinjKOiT lsiD'jq8 "NATIONAL" MATHESON JOINT PIPE. Book of 7* Pages and over (7K"xio), illustrated with halftone engravings from original photo- raphs and line drawings. There is a great amount of comprehensive i iformation on the value of "NATIONAL" Matheson Joint Pipe, given i an interesting, non-technical style. Illustrative comparisons with cast i -on pipe are made; conclusive proof of the durability during long service given; concluding with description and illustration of "NATIONAL" "oating and table of weights and dimensions with Specifications for NATIONAL" Matheson Joint Pipe. |-fri9D9a ,daA tvvil t>tFC>bsa,i.i*T>Wt94ol3O ,v/ 3 iv3fl abfiiT noil snT ,*n>i "NATIONAL" MATHESON AND "NATIONAL" CONVERSE OINT PIPE. Book of 40 pages (3^x6) , illustrated with several half- one and line views of above joints and fittings. Also description of the >ipe and fittings for same with tables of sizes of joints and fittings and Trade Customs. This book is known as List No. 3. "NATIONAL" MATHESON JOINT PIPE. Circular, 4 Pages (8Kx i), two illustrations. The advantages of "NATIONAL" Matheson 'oint Pipe are made apparent in the first two pages of this circular. Pages and 4 contain interesting information relative to the advantages of 'NATIONAL" Coating. Publications of National Tube Company 661 Pipe Threading POWER REQUIRED TO THREAD, TWIST AND SPLIT WROUGHT IRON AND MILD STEEL PIPE. Book of 24 pages 6x9), with 14 illustrations, contains a paper read by Prof. T. N. Thomp- son, International Correspondence School, before the American Society if Heating and Ventilating Engineers, 1906, covering the results of an jxtensive series of tests which he conducted to ascertain the power required o thread, twist, and split wrought iron and mild steel pipe. The tabulated nformation is valuable to those interested in the subject. "NATIONAL" BULLETIN No. 6 PIPE THREADING DIES (12 )ages, 21 illustrations). Because this subject is more or less misunder- stood, the information contained in this Bulletin is especially valuable. ?he illustrations clearly demonstrate by comparison the working of a >roperly and improperly shaped die. The information is grouped under he following headings: "Lip," "Chip Space," "Clearance," "Lead," Number of Chasers/ 1 "Oil," "General Summary," and an article on Briggs' Standard Threads." jtraV bits nl Pipe Poles "NATIONAL" BULLETIN No. 14 "NATIONAL" TUBULAR >TEEL POLES (32 pages, 25 halftone and 2 line illustrations). This Bulletin contains a complete description of these poles, the information >eing supplied under the following headings: Uniformity, Lighting, ^hysical Properties, Joints, Dog Guards, Street Railway Poles, Painting, 3 ole Tables, Pole Fittings, Specifications, etc. There are also ten pages f tables giving full information in regard to size, weight, wall thickness, laximum load, deflection, etc., of "NATIONAL" Tubular Poles. :n, Pip Specifications Uniform size (8Kxn), either single or double sheets. The various ypes of "NATIONAL" Pipe and allied tubular products are covered by i pecifications which can be secured upon request. Our Metallurgical Department is constantly at work endeavoring to improve, either in manufacturing processes or by special treatment of Laterial, "NATIONAL" Tubular and allied products, and whenever ecessary issues new specifications or makes such changes, revisions and improvements on all specifications in force as may be required by altered < onditions. Pipe Corrosion "NATIONAL" BULLETIN No. 2 CORROSION OF HOT WATER IPING IN BATH HOUSES (8 pages, 2 illustrations). This Bulletin ontains a report of an investigation conducted by Ira H. Woolson, M. dm. Soc. M. E. f Consulting Engineer to National Board of Fire Under- riters, New York City, relative to the corrosion of iron and steel in hot- -ater piping in a New York bath house system. Eighty-nine samples f pipe from various bath houses were collected, and from the evidence Ir. Woolson arrived at the following CONCLUSION: 662 Publications of National Tube Company Pipe Corrosion Continued "In my judgment from the evidence collected, there was absolutely no difference in the corrosion of the two classes of pipe.* They appeared to be equally susceptible to the attack." *That is, wrought iron and steel. This Bulletin also contains a paper on "The Design of Hot Water Supply Systems to Minimize Corrosion," by F. N. Speller, Metallurgical Engineer, National Tube Company, published in Engineering News, issue of February 13, 1913. This paper is particularly valuable in that the suggested designs tend to reduce corrosion of pipe to a minimum. "NATIONAL" BULLETIN No. 3 THE DURABILITY OF WELD- ED PIPE IN SERVICE (8 pages, 2 illustrations). This Bulletin contains a paper prepared by F. N. Speller, Metallurgical Engineer, National Tube Company, read before the annual meeting of the American Society of Heat- ing and Ventilating Engineers, and published in Engineering Review, April, 1 91 1. This article covers considerable information relative to the durability of welded pipe as found under various conditions; also detailed notes on corrosion of wrought iron and steel pipe in service lines in over 21 separajte investigations, and the net results obtained in each case are compiled and tabulated, with some notes regarding the prevention of corrosion in pipes. 89864 Publications of National Tube Company Pipe Miscellaneous Continued COLLAPSING PRESSURES OF LAP-WELDED STEEL TUBES. 3ook of 95 pages (6x9), illustrated with numerous line drawings, photo- raphs, charts, etc., by Prof. R. T. Stewart, University of Pittsburgh. 'he original article was read before the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1906, and deals with external pressure as applied to steel ubes. There are many valuable tables in the book showing scale of ollapsing pressures; also brief discussion which followed the reading of ^rof. Stewart's paper. NET PRICES OF "NATIONAL" WROUGHT PIPE BASED ON >RICE LIST No. 5 (Revised and adopted January i, 1913). Booklet of 05 pages and cover (4^x6). Contains tables of net prices per foot of Jtandard, Extra Strong, Double Extra Strong, and Line Pipe at stated iscounts, based upon Price List No. 5. Contains also tables of com- >ound discounts reduced to simple discouuts and nets, (igth Edition). PIPE LIST No. 5. 1 6 pages (4x6^)- Booklet containing sizes, imensions, weights, list prices, etc., and trade customs. LIST No. 5. 44 pages (4x6^)' Booklet containing sizes, dimensions, weights and list prices of tubular products and trade customs. "NATIONAL" BULLETIN No. 19 LIST OF PRODUCTS (8 pages). To supply a quick and ready reference is the purpose of this Bulletin. The products manufactured by this Company are designed for a great rariety of mechanical and commercial purposes, hence a single catalogue ontaining a detailed description of each separate product would be umbersome. This Bulletin contains a concise list, which gives to the trade eliable information about National Tube Company products. WHEN YOU ORDER BE SURE TO SPECIFY "NATIONAL" IPE. Circular, single sheet (8^x1 1). Contains a reprint of an editorial, >f interest to all who specify pipe for any purpose, appearing in the October , 1913, issue of The American Architect, under the title "Selection of ^rade-Marked or Definite Building Materials." ; .Jtf. bmj s .aoM enballiiS "JAUOITAM" ni b^ouboi^ai ogle ai Literature Relative to Boiler Tubes MODERN BOILER TUBE. Book of 40 pages and cover ( vith 4 illustrations. Contains brief introduction covering material, tests, pecifications and summary of data presented at the International Master Boiler Makers' Association Conventions, 1909, 1910 and 1911: followed >y twenty-six pages of the Official Report of Special Committee on "Steel r s. Iron Flues," International Master Boiler Makers' Association Conven- ion, held at Louisville, Ky., April 27-30, 1909. NATIONAL" BULLETIN No. i SOME RECENT DEVELOP- VIENTS IN TESTING BOILER TUBES (8 pages, 7 illustrations). Publications of National Tube Company Literature Relative to Boiler Tubes Continued This Bulletin contains a paper prepared by F. N. Speller, Metallurgica Engineer, National Tube Company, and presented at Fourteenth Annua Meeting American Society for Testing Materials, Atlantic City, N. J. June 27th to July ist, 1911. The test applied to each "NATIONAL' Spellerized Steel Locomotive Boiler Tube is described in full. Briefly this test is made on the two crop ends from each tube; whereby a specia manipulation test is given, containing in one piece the vertical crushing horizontal flattening, expanding and flanging tests. This Bulletin alsc contains Standard Specifications for Lap-Weld and Seamless Steel Boile: Tubes, Safe Ends and Arch Tubes (including Super-heater Tubes), ai jointly recommended and adopted in 1913 by the American Railway Master Mechanics' Association, and the American Society for Testinj Materials. A summary of data relative to Steel vs. Iron Flues and Test applied to "NATIONAL" Boiler Tubes is also included. SPECIFICATIONS. Uniform size (8Kxn), either single or doubK sheets. The various types of "NATIONAL" Pipe and allied tubula products are covered by specifications which can be secured upon request Our Metallurgical Department is constantly at work endeavoring t< improve, either in manufacturing process or by special treatment o material, "NATIONAL" Tubular and allied products, and thus wheneve necessary issues new specifications or makes such changes, revisions and improvements on all specifications in force as may be required by altered conditions. "NATIONAL" BULLETIN No. 1 6 "NATIONAL" STATIONARY AND MARINE BOILER TUBES (12 pages, 8 halftone illustrations) This Bulletin contains a description of these boiler tubes with illustration of tests. The information is supplied under the following heads: Reason for Manufacturing Only Steel Tubes, Spellerizing, Material, Physica Properties, Inspection, Physical Tests, Opinions of Experts, etc. Severa pages of engineering data on Boiler Incrustation and Corrosion, Steam etc., are included. "NATIONAL" BULLETIN No. 4 CORROSION OF BOILEB TUBES (12 pages, 33 illustrations). This Bulletin contains an abstrac from a paper on "Corrosion of Boiler Tubes," covering a report of result obtained in an investigation by Rear Admiral John D. Ford, U. S. N. member and President of the American Society of Naval Engineers. The entire report was published in the Journal of American Society of Nava Engineers, May, 1904, and from it the abstract for this Bulletin was taken The report covers a very full investigation relative to the comparative corrosion of wrought iron and steel boiler tubes. The tests continued ovei a period of 64 weeks. This Bulletin contains several tables of summariej of results, which indicate least, greatest and average loss in grammes pe; square inch. Also summary of various corrosion tests of wrought iron anc steel, and particularly a table showing summary of results of investigations Several different and independent investigations are referred to, giving 666 Publications of National Tube Company Literature Relative to Boiler Tubes Continued date, locality, length of time of service, authority of test, number of cases on record, reference to details, remarks, etc., etc. ABOUT STEEL BOILER TUBES. Circular, single sheet (8Kxn), contains information regarding economy of Steel Boiler Tubes, based on report of Committee to 1910 Convention of International Master Boiler Makers' Association. spakl $* LIST No. 5. 44 pages (4x6H). Booklet containing sizes, dimensions, weights and list prices of tubular products and trade customs. BOILER TUBE LIST No. 5. 16 pages (4x6^)- Booklet containing sizes, dimensions, weights, list prices and trade customs. THOUGHT IT WAS STEEL, BUT IT WASN'T. Circular of four pages and three interesting illustrations from actual photographs of a piece of badly corroded boiler tube, which was tagged "Spellerized Steel" and sent as a "sample" to the Master Mechanic of an Eastern Railway System. Chemical analysis proved the "sample" was Charcoal Iron and not steel. "SHELBY" Seamless Tubing "SHELBY" SEAMLESS TUBES and THEIR MAKING. Book of 48 pages and cover (7^x8^). profusely illustrated with fine halftone engravings from original photographs. Contains, besides an interesting early history of the industry, a non-technical description of manufacture, mechanical uses and possibilities of "SHELBY" Seamless Tubing. (En- larged and revised edition being prepared.) SEAMLESS TUBING FOR AUTOMOBILES. Booklet of 16 pages and cover (5x9), with six illustrations showing adaptations of "SHELBY" Tubing for automobile parts, etc., with description and other useful in- formation. "NATIONAL" BULLETIN No. 17 THE MANUFACTURE AND USE OF "SHELBY" SEAMLESS TUBING. (44 pages, 25 halftone plates and 5 pages of line engravings, showing various manipulations of 'SHELBY" Seamless Tubing). This Bulletin contains extracts from an address to the U. S. Naval School of Marine Engineering (prepared by Messrs. J. H. Nicholson and Emil Holinger) and covers the following subjects: Processes of Manufacture; Materials for Steel Pipes; Making of Specifications; Mill Inspection; Application of Tubular Sections to Machine Design and Descriptions of the Halftone Plates. THE "SHELBY" COLD-DRAWN TROLLEY POLE. Circular, 4 pages (424) and 2 illustrations explaining the special advantage of this type of valve. This information is given under the follow ini headings: Type, Compactness, Elimination of Joints, Construction, Low Friction Losses, Weight, Tests, Easy to Remove, Other Advantages and " KEWANEE " Union Advantages. All types of " N. T. C. " Brass Valve: can be furnished with "KEWANEE" Union attachment. Publications of National Tube Company 66 "KEWANEE" Specialties THE WHOLE "KEWANEE" FAMILY. Book of 72 pages (5x7 X) end sheets and cover, nearly every page illustrated. In addition to table showing sizes and list prices, etc., there is much interesting informatioi relative to the proved value of the "KEWANEE" Union and othe "KEWANEE" Specialties as contained in the testimony of actual users Several pages are devoted to the design and advantages of "N. T. C.' Regrinding Valves. A valve of this type has been opened and closed ove three million times, while in regular service on a "KEWANEE" Unioi testing machine. The final section of this valuable book contains a sum mary of all "KEWANEE" Specialties, a list, with a brief summary of con tents, of all publications of National Tube Company, and a complete index This is the latest edition and contains almost three times as many pages a the first edition. "NATIONAL" FLANGE UNION. Circular, 4 pages (5x7 X), halftone illustrations. Contains description of this type of flange union which is primarily designed for severe service. "KEWANEE" FLANGE UNION. Circular, 4 pages (5x7^), illustrations. Contains description of this fitting, and its durability i service, even when the pipes are somewhat out of alignment. "KEWANEE" AIR PUMP UNION. Circular, 4 pages (SX7K), illustration. Contains description of this fitting, which is especiall designed to protect in service the air pumps on locomotves. "KEWANEE" BOILER COUPLING. Circular, 4 pages (5x7^) 2 illustrations. Contains description of this fitting, advantages of uses also sizes and list prices. "KEWANEE" UNION SWING CHECK VALVE. Circular, pages (5x7^), seven illustrations. Contains description and detail of advantages; also sizes and list prices. The particular economy of thi valve is thoroughly brought out in THE WHOLE "KEWANEE FAMILY booklet. "N. T. C." Regrinding Valves "NATIONAL" BULLETIN No. 7 "N.T.C." REGRINDINC VALVES (8 pages, u illustrations). The particular advantages of thi type of valve are described in detail in this Bulletin. Three illustration show a valve, from photographs taken at three different angles, whicl was opened and closed 327,094 times. The valve was then regroum and after being opened and closed over three million times is still in service The various headings will afford some idea of the value of the contents "Durability," "Construction," "Types of Discs," "Bonnet," "Body,' "Bonnet Ring," "Stem," "Packing Under Pressure," "Packing Gland,' "Metal," " Lift, "" Wheel, " "Testing," "Working Pressure," "Pattern' and "General Summary." "N.T.C." REGRINDING VALVES. Booklet of 16 pages and illustrations, including sectional view with reference figures. There is ai 7- 670 Publications of National Tube Company "N. T. C." Regrinding ValvesContinued abundance of information given in the popular question and answer form, written in a clear, non-technical style, closing with a brief summary of the special advantages of this type of valve. 9rf*o rm. i?itt oi svbjsbi Fittings and Valves Miscellaneous "NATIONAL" BULLETIN No. 13 "N.T.C." IRON BODY BRASS MOUNTED WEDGE GATE VALVES (12 pages, 21 halftone and 8 line illustrations). Contains complete information in regard to this new line of wedge gate valves. "NATIONAL" SPRING PLUG COCK. Circular, 4 pages illustrated. Contains description of design and special advantages in service over the ordinary cock. DRIVE WELL POINTS and WELL SUPPLIES. Booklet of 52 pages and cover (sKxy^O, 28 of these pages are illustrated with half- tone engravings of well points, cylinders, strainers, valves and fittings, etc., etc. Tables of sizes, dimensions, list prices are also shown, with considerable general information. (Edition exhausted; another being prepared.) RADIATORS and RADIATOR VALVES. Booklet of 26 pages and cover (3Kxs24), with 19 illustrations. Contains description of Wrought Tube Radiators and Radiator Valves, etc., with sizes and list prices, and other information on this material. (Edition exhausted; new one being prepared.) "N.T.C." FLAT BEAD MALLEABLE FITTINGS. Circular, 4 pages (5x7^2), with 23 illustrations and 2 graphic charts which show the uniform proportions of this line of fittings. The advantages to be gained by using "N.T.C." Flat Bead Malleable Fittings are clearly explained. LIST OF PRODUCTS "NATIONAL" Bulletin No. 19. (See Pipe- Miscellaneous.) '' D ii-yrrir } iga-l jisikj 8^r.wlsy sri jxfi' to suijsv f)dl io B Mill Practice Measurement of Pipe 67 1 MEMORANDUM Mill Practice Measurement of Pipe (~)N orders calling for commercial sizes of pipe which are finished with threads and couplings, in sizes J/g inch to 12 inches inclusive, and where orders specify quantity in lineal feet, it is under- stood that random lengths fitted with threads both ends and coupling one end will be shipped and the measurement is charged from end to end, that is over-all including coupling. If cut lengths of any sizes are ordered instructions must appear on the face of the order whether plain ends, threads only or threads and couplings are required. The mill then cuts the pipe proper to the length specified for plain ends and threads only, but if cut lengths with threads and couplings are specified the practice is the same with the exception that the couplings are charged separately, whether they are shipped loose or screwed on the pipe. On larger sizes; namely, 14 inch O. D. and larger, information must appear on the order as to whether plain ends, threads only or threads and couplings are required, inasmuch as these large sizes are customarily held in stock in plain ends, subject to order as to the necessary requirements in regard to threads only or threads and couplings. In figuring on lineal feet of pipe required for lay- ing long lines, customer should make allowance when figuring on pipe fitted with threads and coup- lings for the distance that pipe is screwed into coupling when assembling in the field the cus- tomary allowance being one-half the length of the coupling. Customer should also make allowance for the length of joint in ordering our "NATIONAL" Lead Joint Pipe. This information supplements that on page 21 INDEX Abbreviations of Terms Used in the Pipe and Fitting Trade 477-479, 654 Absolute Zero 328 Absorption of Gases by Liquids. 316 Accuracy of Cut Length 21 Acid In Boiler Water 276, 635-638 Carbonic, Physical Properties of 209 Cylinders, Carbonic 15 Steel, Corrosion of 553 Acre-foot .... i I v , . . J. . I VJ '.>. . C 312 inch 312 Acres to Hectares 462, 464 Action, Galvanic, Caused by long Exposure to Sea Water 555 of Impurities on Metal Pipes. 557 Water on Metals 557 on Pipes.. 556, 559 Zinc in the Corrosion of Steam Boilers : .. 560 Adiabatic Compression of Air, Work of 356 Compression of Natural Gas 324, 325 Expansion and Compression of Air 355,356 Advantages of Superheating 338 Advisable Radii for Wrought Pipe Bends 162, 627 Upsets for Lap-welded and Seamless Tubes 160-161 After, Faced (Definition) 490 Air 351-364 Adiabatic Expansion and Compression of 355, 356 Atmospheric Pressure 352 Bound Pipes, Obstruction to Flow 284 Composition of 352 Compressed (see Compressed Air) 360 Effects of Bends and Fit- tings 364 Flow of, in Pipes 360 Flow of, Tables. 361-364 Loss of Pressure in Trans- mission 36 Velocity of Efflux, Tables. . 357 Compression and Expansion.. 355 Corrosion by, in Feed Water 277, 635-638 Discharge from Pipes 358, 359 Coefficients of through an Orifice 358 Air, Effect of Bends and Fittings on Flow of in Pipes 36 Expansion and Compression.. 35 Flow 357-36 Affected by Bends and Fittings 36 Coefficients of Discharge. .'./' 35 Compressed 360-36 Efflux ..... 357-35 Hawksley s Rule 35 Loss of Pressure 359-36 Under Pressure from Ori- fices into the Atmosphere 35 Sturtevant Rule 35 Weisbach's Rule 35 Index 35 In Feed Water 277, 635-63 Isothermal Compression of, Work of 35 i Isothermal Expansion and Compression of 351 Line Pipe, "NATIONAL" Section of Joint 8< Test Pressures 73, 62, Weights and Dimensions. 36, 59 Loss of Pressure in Pipes. .359-36. Pipe, Galvanized 36 Pressure 273, 35 Pressure, Volume and Tem- perature of. ',Q z. 9.16. .... 35 Properties of 352-35' Relation of Pressure, Volume and Temperature 35: Specific Heat of 35; Tables (Weight of Air at Vari- ous Pressures and Tem- peratures) 353, 354 Velocity in Pipes 359, 360 Velocity of Efflux of Com- pressed. .... 4$$. . < }f>].):|< ,35' Volume ". ~. . . . . .r 3$! Weight of 352-35- Work of Adiabatic Compres- sion of 35* Work of Isothermal Compres- sion of 351 Allison Vanishing Thread Tub- ing, "NATIONAL" Ends Upset Section of Joint. . -r\rrmf\^\ & Test Pressures . . . . .' H \ v I 1 : Y J 7. Weights and Dimensions. . . 3, Not Upset Section of Joint. .yfJUCfJIO^ B Test Pressures. . --irft ' Weights and Dimensions. . . 3 672 Index 673 Allowances for Machining to size Cream Separator Bowls ^104 Uuminum, Corrosion of Steel and 556 Weight of Cast 423 Vmerican Soc. Mech. Engrs Pipe Thread Commission .... 209 Standard Flange 169, 176 Steel Manufacturers' Gages. . 369 Wire Gage /ol'l .oj. cc; . . . 369 Ammonia Absorption by Water 316 Cock Thread (Definition) .... 479 Cylinders, "NATIONAL "... 518 Fittings (Definition) 479 Joint (Definition) 479 Pipe, "NATIONAL" Section of Joint 624 Specifications for Special. .98, 625 Test Pressures. 623 Weights and Dimensions.. . 597 \nalysis of Bessemer Pipe Steel. 10 of Open Hearth Pipe Steel. .. 10 of " SHELBY " Seamless Steel Tubes 16, 18, 19, 591 Jichor Poles 109 Vngle Valves 169, 170, 479 ngle Gate Valve (Definition). . 479 .ngular Section Specialties, " SHELBY " Seamless Steel 196 .ngus Smith Composition (Definition) 479 Animal Oils in Boiler Water, Effect of 276, 635-638 .nnealed End Tube (Definition) 480 Vnnealing and Welding 10, 20 Pots, Heads for 190 Anneal of " SHELBY " Seamless Steel Tubes 17-19 Apothecaries Drams to Milli- liters 462, 466 Scruples to Milliliters 466 Appendix to Book of Standards 517-714 Applicability of Barlow's For- mula 224 \pplication, Table of Properties to Round Bars. .420, 421, 648-651 to Tubes and Pipe 421,422, 648-651 \pproximate Formula for Flow of Water in Pipes. .280-281, 638 Teh Tube, Brick (Definition). . 482 Vrch, Water (Definition) 514 rea, Circular 4i9~459, 648-651 Comparison of Customary and Metric Units.. .463-472, 652-653 Cross Section of Pipes, 58-65, 419-459, 610-620, 648-651 Square Pipes 66, 609 Rectangular Pipes 67, 600 "SHELBY" Tubing. . . .200-201 Factors for Tubes 373~375 Area, Measures in Metric Equivalents . . .462, 464, 652, 653 Surface, of Pipe 57, 648-651 Areas, Circumferences and Surfaces for Boiler Tubes and Flues. . 651 Pipe, Double Extra Strong. 650 Extra Strong 649 Standard 648 Armstrong Joint (Definition) . . . 480 Artesian Joint (Definition) 480 Cressed (Definition) 4 86 Well Water, Corrosion by 560 Assembling Bump Joints 166 Butted and Strapped Joints. . 165 Pole Joints in Field 115 Association of Steel Mfgr's. Gages 369 Asphalted (Definition) 480 Atmosphere, Flow of Air into.357, 358 Flow of Steam into 341 Pressure of 273, 352 Table for Readings of Barom- eter..-. 352 Atmospheric Pressure 352 Attemperator (Definition) 480 Authorities on Corrosion. 12, 553-590 Autogenous Welding of High Pressure Mains 586 of "NATIONAL" Pipe ("NATIONAL " Bulletin No. 26) 655,656,660 Automobile Specialties, " SHELBY " Seamless Steel 193 Avogadro's Law of Gases 314 Avoirdupois Weight Equiva- lents 462, 468, 472 Axles for Automobiles 193 *~.MHHBl IT M - 10! , |o. an B Back Outlet Central (Definition) 4 8o Eccentric (Definition) 480 Ell (Definition) 4 8o Pressure Valve (Definition) . . 480 Ball and Cup Joint (Definition) 487 Ball Joint (Definition) 4 8o Balling (Definition) 4 8o Banded Fittings 168 Bar (Definition) 4 8o Bar, Sinker (Definition) 506 Bare Steam Pipes, Condensation in 348 Loss of Heat from 348, 349 Barlow's Formula, 214, 218-219, 223-226 Applicability of 224 Barometer Pressure 352 Barrels, Number of, in Cisterns and Tanks : 304-305 Working 187, 188, 516, 629 Bars, Round, Properties of.. .419-459 Application of Table to 420 Water (Definition) 514 674 Index Base Y (Definition) . .aaauiw W . 516 | Bell (Definition) 481 Basic Steel, Corrosion of 553 j a ? d S P*&>\ ; JL nt . (. De fi nition ) 481 Bath Houses, Corrosion in (see _ M u ed , (Definition) 481 Corrosion) Bends (Definition) 481 c A /r^fi, t 4-;^ fc'xiu' ..o^ Close Return (Definition) 485 48 gSKEJgSST::: : S RttSE? * ^68 ! Eighth (Definition) 489 Tube (Definition)'.'. '.'.'.'. '.'.'.'.'. 480 j Expansion. 163, 1 6 8, 627 Beading (Definition) 481 Obst j^ ^^ F1 W f Air ' ; ; ^4 Beam and Column Sections, Steam 346 Properties of (Tables) . . . 264-267 Water. . . . . . '. ','. '. 283 Beams, Bending Moment of. . 252, 253 Open Return (Definition) . . ! 1 499 Comparative Stiffness of 255 i pi pe 162,163,500,627 Comparative Strength of 254 Radius of (Definition) 502 Compressive Stress in 250 Return (Definition) 504 Deflection of 251 Y (Definition; 516 Elastic Curve of 251 Bending and Flanging Elastic Deflection of 251 Machine, Pipe (Definition). . . 500 Elasticity . . 254-255 Moment Factor. . . . 58-65, 610-620 Equal Loading in any Direc- of Beams 252-253 tion 256 Pipe for 95,625 Formula for Flexure of 256-263 Properties of Rectangular.67, 609 Loading of 256-263 j of Square 66,609 Mechanical Properties of, Radii of, Wrought 162, 627 Solid and Tubular. . . . 250-263 I Specifications, Pipe for. . . .95, 625 Minimum Weight of 255 \ Wrought Pipe, Radii of. ... 162, 627 Modulus of Elasticity 255, 257 Bent Specialties, "SHELBY" Moment of Inertia 254 Seamless Steel 195 Neutral Surface '250 Tubes and Pipe 162,163,627 Properties of 250-263 Bernoulli's Theorem 298 r o r^ 0118 ^ V 'i 26 4-267 Bessemer Pipe Steel, Chemical of Solid and Tubular. . . . 250-263 and Physical Analysis 10 M' 255 ' Birmingha > o * 46-49 Tables of, Properties of. . 256-263 B . . , ,, Tub f s - ;;: ;.;/ 5-s6 and Tubular, Mechanical Birme s Formula, Applicability Properties of 250-263 ? f - ; +'' -222-223 Square Pipe 66, 609 for . Strength of Tubes, In- Stiffness of 255 ternal Pressure, Strength of .254, 255 . 2 ? 7 ' 2I *1 21 9> 22l > 22 *> 630-634 Stresses in 250 Bituminous Coating 107 Trolley Poles 197 Black Pipe, Weights and Dimen- Tensile and Compressive fe^'^ftS^T 1 ^?^ Stresses in 250 Standard, "NATIONAL ') Tubular, Properties of 250, 256 Blank Flange (Definition) 481 Tables of, Properties of 256, 263 Blanking Flange (Definition) . , ., T 481 of Uniform Cross Section, Me- Blast Furnace Fittings 170 chanical Properties of . . . 256-263 Bleeder (Definition) 481 Vertical and Horizontal Load- Blind Flange (Definition) 481 ing of 256 Block Joint (Definition) 481 Shear of 250 Boiler Corrosion (see also Corro- Bearing, Shaft 195 sion) . . 275-277, 558-560, 635-638 Bedstead Tubing, "NATIONAL" Feed Water (see Corrosion) Weights and Dimensions of . . 31 Flange (Definition) 481 "NATIONAL" Bulletin Flue (Definition) 491 No. 21 655, 656, 659 Joints 164, 165 Index 675 Boiler, Flues (see Boiler Tubes) Incrustation and Corrosion, 275-277, 635-638 Plates, Corrosion of 559 Remedy for Troublesome Sub- stances in 276, 635-638 Safe Ends, Specification 101-102, 625 Shells 194 Thimble (Definition) 481 Tubes Circumferences, Areas and Surfaces for 651 Corrosion of (see also Cor- sion), 275-277, 558-560, 635-638 Cause of 637-638 "NATIONAL" Bulletin No. 4 655, 656, 665-666 (Definition) 482 Flanging Tests 13 Holding Power 210 Internal Fluid Pressures for 634 Literature about, 655, 656, 664-666 Locomotive "NATIONAL," Lap- welded Specification 99, 625 Test Pressures 72, 622 Weights and Dimen- sions 40, 596 "SHELBY "Seamless Specification 101, 625 Test Pressures 102 Weights and Dimen- sions 38-39 Merchant and Marine, Specification 100-101, 625 Seamless Steel. "SHELBY" Specifications ioo> 101, 625 Test Pressures roi, 102 Weights and Dimensions.38-39 Slipping Point of 210-211 Standard, "NATIONAL," Lap-welded Specification 100-101, 625 Test Pressures 72, 622 Weights and Dimensions. 41 Stationary and Marine, ("NAT I ON A L" Bulletin No. 16) 655, 656, 665 Surfaces for 651 Tests . 13, 20, 99, loo, 101 , 102, 625 Testing, Some Recent Developments in ("NATIONAL" Bulletin No. i) .655,656,664-665 Water (see also Corrosion) Boiler Incrustation and Corrosion 275-277, 635-638 Purification of 635-638 Tube (Definition) 515 Boiler, Water Tube (Definition) 515 Boiling Point of Water 272 Bolt and Nut Heads, Screw Threads, Proportion of. .370-372 Bolts, Dimension of 371-372 Strength of 371, 372 Bonnet (Definition) 482 Books and Booklets issued by National Tube Company 655-670 Bore, Wine (Definition) 516 Boss on Cylinder Heads 189. 190 Boston Casing, "NATIONAL" Inserted Joint Section of Joint 78 Test Pressures z 3 fvpyi Weights and Dimensions. ".".) 27 with Pacific Couplings Section of Joint. . . ji.'l jaiol Qf^fc Test Pressures 70 Weights and Dimensions . . 26 Standard Section of Joint 78 Test Pressures .v/oi 70 Weights and Dimensions . 'J to 26 Bowl (Definition) 482 Bowls, Cream Separator, 103, 104, 194, 625 Box (Definition) 482 Coil (Definition) 482 Service (Definition) 505 Boyle's Law 314 Boyle Union (Definition) 482 Bracket Coil (Definition) 482 Valve (Definition) 482 Branch (Definition) 482 Ell (Definition) 482 Pipe (Definition) 482 Tee (Definition) 482 Y (Definition) 516 Brass Cocks 170 Fittings 167, 522-540 Mounted (Definition) 482 Wedge Gate Valves, "N. T. C." Iron Body ("NATIONAL" Bulletin .No. 13) 655,656,670 Pipe, Expansion of 347 Unions 169 Valves 170 "N. T. C." Regrinding ("NATIONAL" Bulletin No. 7) 655, 656, 669 Weight of Wrought 423 Brazed (Definition) 482 Breeches Pipe (Definition) 482 Brick Arch Tube (Definition) . . 482 Briggs' Standard 21, 208 (Definition) 483 Gages ,- e x 21 Pipe Threads. 208-209 British Imperial Gallon Equiva- lents 311-312 Wire Gage 369 Standard Poles 109, 112 Thermal Unit 327 76 Index rown and Sharpe Gage 369 ucket (Definition) 483 uckling 244 uilding Laws for Columns. .244-249 uildings, Large, "NATIONAL'' Pipe in ("NATIONAL" Bulletin No. 25) 655, 656,659-660 ulk Measure (see Masses, Vol- umes and Capacities) . . .;;// ,' 460-476, 652, 653 (see Metric Conversion Tables) ull Head Tee (Definition) 483 ulletins, "NATIONAL". . . .655, 656 Index to Nos. i to 20 ("NATIONAL" Bulletin No. 20) 655, 656,658 ump Joint Pipe, 165-166, 483 umped (Definition) 483 Heads, Strength of 190 Joint (Definition) 483 ursting Strength Formula, Bar- low 224, 630-634 of Cylinders. . .189-192, 212-226 Tubes 212-226, 630-634 Stress, Formula 224 Tests 223-226, 630-634 of Commercial Tubes and Pipes 223-226, 630-634 Table of . ... 225 ushels per Acre to Hectoliters per Hectare 467 to Hectoliters 462, 467 ushing (Definition) 483 Flush (Definition) 492 utted and Strapped Joint Pipe 164-165, 483 utterfly (Definition) 483 ;utt Sections of Poles. .118-157, 626 ;utt-weld Pipe (Definition) 483 Process of Manufacture ... 9 X Casing, "NATIONAL" Cal- ifornia, Diamond (see Cal. Diamond BX Casing, "NATIONAL). Drive Pipe, "NATIONAL" California Diamond (see Cal. Diam. BX Drive Pipe "NATIONAL"). y-pass (Definition) 483 Valve (Definition) 483 C lalculating Table of Water Horse Power 299 :aliber (Definition) 483 California Diamond BX Casing, "NATIONAL" Section of Joint 82 Test Pressures 71,621 Weights and Dimensions 29, 503 Drive Pipe, "NATIONAL" Section of Joint 82 Test Pressures 76 Weights and Dimensions. 31 California Miners' Inch vii Special External Upset Tub- ing, "NATIONAL" Section of Joint 82 Test Pressures 76, 623 Weights and Dimensions.. 30, 593 Calking (Definition) .......... 483 Recess (Definition) 483 Tool (Definition) 483 Calorific Unit 327 Cap (Definition) ^ad-jalnm.*! 483 Caps for Cylinders 194 Capacities, Comparison of Cus- tomary and Metric Units.466-46y of Cylindrical Tanks, Table.. 302 Discharging, of Pipe, Relative Double Extra Strong 646 Extra Strong 644-645 Standard 306-309 Factors for Tubes 423 Measurements (see Metric Equivalents) . .460-476, 652-653 of Rectangular Tanks, Table. 305 of "SHELBY" Tubing 200-203 Carbon in Bessemer Pipe Steel . 10 Open Hearth Pipe Steel ... 10 "SHELBY" Seamless Steel Tubes 16-19,591 Dioxide, Physical Properties of 209 Carbonate of Soda in Boiler Water 276, 635-638 Carbonic Acid Gas Corrosion Caused by Dis- solved 576 Cylinder Heads 189 Cylinders, "SHELBY" Seam- less 15, 188, 209-210 and Oxygen in Boiled Water 276, 635-638 Properties of 209-210 Card Weight Pipe 22, 483 Casing (Definition) 484 Boston, "NATIONAL" (see Boston Casing, "NATIONAL"). California Diamond BX, "NATIONAL" (see Cali- fornia Diamond BX Casing, "NATIONAL"). Coupling (see Casing in Ques- tion). Dog (Definition) 484 Elevator (Definition) 484 Expanded Joint 27 Fitting (Definition) 484 Head (Definition) 484 Inserted Joint, "NATIONAL" Boston (see Boston Casing, "NATIONAL", Inserted Joint). Nipples, Wrought 174, 628 Index 677 Casing, Shoes (Definition) 484 Size, Trade Practice 21, 67 1 South Penn, "NATIONAL" (see South Penn Casing, "NATIONAL"). Swelled Joint 27 Cast Iron Fittings 168, 522-540 Flanges Standard 176 Pipe, Expansion 347 Weight of 423 Catalogue Pole Number. 118-157, 626 Catcher, Tubing (Definition). . . 512 Cause of Corrosion of Boiler Tubes 637-638 of Pipe 12,553-500 of Pitting 576 Center Poles 109 Centigrade-Fahrenheit Conver- sion Tables 473~476 Centimeters to Inches. . .461,463,476 Central Back Outlet (Definition) 480 Centrifugal Separator Forgings. 194 Chain Tongs (Definition) 484 Champfer (Definition) 484 Characteristics of "NATIONAL" Pipe ("NATIONAL" Bulle- tin No. 12) 655, 656, 658 History, and The Advantages of "NATIONAL" Pipe ("NATIONAL" Bulletin No. n) 655,656.657 Charcoal Iron Corrosion, Speci- mens 566 Charles' Law of Gases 314 Chart, Conversion for Lengths', Weights and Temperatures . 476 Flow of Water 279 Metric Conversion 476 Chasers 10- i Lead of Number in Die for Different Pipe Sizes Threading 10- Clearance of Chasing (Definition) 484 Check (Definition) 484 Valves 169, 170, 484 Chemical Action of Water, Cor- rosion due to 559 Analysis, Pipe Steel 10 "SHELBY" Seamless Steel Tubes. 15, 16, 18, 19, 591 Chezy Rule for Flow of Water.28i-282 Chicago Building Ordinances, Formula for Columns 244 Chip Space on Threading Dies. . 10-11 Chloride of Magnesium in Boiler Water 276 Chlorine, Absorption by Water. 316 Corrosive Action of 557 Christie's Tests on Columns 230 C. I. F. (Definition) 484 Circular Flange (Definition) 484 Weld (Definition) 484 Circulars Issued by National Tube Company 655-670 Circumferences, Areas and Surfaces for Boiler Tubes and Flues 651 for Pipe, Double Extrja Strong 650 Extra Strong 649 Standard 648 for Tubes and Round Bars. 419-459 Circumferential Stresses, In- ternal Fluid Pressure 220-2 2 1 Cisterns, Barrels Contained in. . 304 Clamp (Definition) 484 Leak (Definition) 496 Pipe /Definition) 500 Pouring (Definition) 502 Service (Definition) 505 Water Pipe (Definition) 515 Classification of Boiler Water. . . 637 of Pressures, Valves and Fit- tings 167 of Water Impurities 636 Clavarino's Formula 215 Applicability 223 for Strength of Tubes, Internal Pressure 215-220,222-224 Cleaner, Flue (Definition) 492 Tube (Definition) 511 Clean-out Fitting (Definition) . . 484 Clearance of Threading Chasers 10 Clegg's Experiment on Flow of Gas 317 Close Nipple. . . 171, 174, 485, 627, 628 Return Bend (Definition) .... 485 Coal Mine Corrosion556, 571-572, 580 Tar (Definition) 485 Coating, Bituminous 107 Corrosion, Effect of 554, 556 Literature about 65 5, 660, 663 "NATIONAL" 94, 107, 108, 109, 625, 655-656, 663 for Pipe (Definition) 485 for Poles 118 Protection and Dip 91,94, 106, 107, 625 Smith's (Definition) 479, 507 Specification, Dip .91, 92, 625 "NATIONAL" 94, 625 with Zinc 92, 94, 625 Cock (Definition) 485 Cock, Ammonia, Thread (Defi- nition) 479 Corporation (Definition) 485 Four-way (Definition) 492 Gage (Definition) 492 or Faucet, Telegraph (Defi- nition) 510 Pet (Definition) 500 Plug (Definition) 502 Cocks and Valves 169, 170, 485 Coefficient of Air Discharge 358 Expansion of Iron and Steel, "Bureau of Standards". 211 678 Index Coefficent, Flow of Steam through Orifices 341 Roughness, Kutter's For- mula 281-282,638 Coil (Definition) 485 Box (Definition) 482 Bracket (Definition) . 482 Expansion (Definition) 489 Cold-drawn (Definition) 485 "SHELBY" Seamless Steel Tubes and Tubing (see Seamless Steel Tubes and Tubing, "SHELBY") Collapse and Column Formulae, Comparison of 230 Collapsing Pressures 227-243 Lilly's Formula for 231 Marine Law 229 of Pipes and Tubes. 2 27-243, 664 Results of Research 228 Stewart's Formula for 228 Tables 232-243 Tests 227 Collapse related to Strength Column 230 Research 228 Under External Pressure, 227-243, 664 Collar (Definition) 485 Flange (Definition) 485 Colorado Miner's Inch 294-312 Column and Collapse Formulae . 230 Flange, Pump, Reinforced (Definition) 503 Pump, Flange (Definition). . . . 502 Sections, Tables of, Properties of 264-267 Water (Definition) 514 Columns, Chicago Building Or- dinances, Formula for 244 New York Building Code, Formula for 244 Pipe 244-249 Safe Loads for Double Extra Strong 249 Extra Strong 247-248 Standard 245-246 Strength of 244 Relation to Collapse.. .... 230 Commercial Pipe, Yield Point Tests on 222,630-634 Tubes and Pipes, Bursting Tests of 223-226, 630-634 Pipes and Cylinders to Re- sist Internal Fluid Pres- sures, Strength of 222-226, 630-634 and Pipes, Strength of Weld of 226, 630-634 Common Formula for Flow of Gas in Pipes 321 Internal Pressure 213-214, 218-219,224,630-634 Thread (Definition) 485 Companion Flange (Definition) . 654 Comparative Corrosion (see Cor- rosion) Stiffness of Beams. 255 Strength of Beams 254 Comparison of Collapse and Column Formulae 230 Customary and Metric Units from i to 10, Tables 463-469 Formulae for Discharge of Gas 323 of Fuel per Horse Power per Hour for Gas, Gasoline and Steam Engines 647 Internal Fluid Pressure For- mulae for Tubes, Pipes and Cylinders 218-219 Tons and Pounds 472 Wrought Iron and Steel Pipe Columns 231 Competition Valve 170 Composition Angus Smith (Definition) 479 Chemical of Steel for "SHELBY" Seamless Tubes and Tubing. 1 5, 16, 18, 19, 591 Welded Pipe 10 of Air 352 of Pipe Steel, 9, 10, 15, 16, 18, 19, 211 of Water 272 Compressed Air, Flow of in Pipes 360-364 Pressure Losses 360 Transmission, Loss of Pres- sure of 360 Velocity of Efflux of 357 Compressibility of Water 275 Compression, Adiabatic, of Natural Gas 324-325 Work of 356 and Expansion, Adiabatic, of Air 355 Isothermal of Air 356 Natural Gas, Adiabatic 324-325 Temperature of Gas 325 Compressive Stresses in Beams. 250 Columns 244 Condensation in Bare Steam Pipes 348 Condenser Tubes, Surface, Pres- ervation of 558 Conditions, Effect of, on Cor- rosion 554 for Pole Tests 114 Conduit Pipe (Definition) 485 Cones, "SHELBY" Seamless Steel 195 Connection, Flanged 167, 169 Screwed 167, 168 Siamese (Definition) 506 Content, Metallic Iron, 9f Wrought Iron and Steel Pipe 566 Index 679 Contents in Gallons, Cylinders, 301, 302 Rectangular Tanks 305 of Cylindrical Vessels, Tanks, etc., Table of 302, 304 Cylinders and Pipes, Table. 301 Pipes in Pounds per Foot. . 303 Contraction and Expansion of Pipes 168 Lateral, Coefficient 215 Convenient Equivalents 312 Converged End 189, 190, 485 Converse Lock Joint Pipe, "NATIONAL" Coating, Protective 109 Definition.. 108-109, 485 Leaded Joints 167 Reinforcement 109 Section of Joint 84 Specification 93, 625 Test Pressures 74 Weights and Dimensions .... 43 Conversion Chart, Lengths, Weights and Temperatures. 476 Table, Hydraulic 310-312 Metric System 652-653 Surfaces 652-653 Volumes 311 Copper Deposits, Corrosion Caused by 560 Pipe, Expansion of 347 Weight of 423 Corporation Cock (Definition). 485 Correct Sizes of House Pipes for Gas, Table of 319 Corrosion of Acid and Basic Steel 553 in Bath Houses, 564-565, 655, 656, 661-662 Bibliography, General. . 12, 553-560 of Boilers and Boiler Tubes, 12, 275-277, 558-560, 635- 638, 655, 656, 665 Cause of 12 in Coal Mines.. . .556, 571-572, 580 Coatings, Effect of, on. . . .554, 556 Comparative, Specimens of 562-575 Conditions, Effect of, on.. .554, 560 Copper Deposits, Caused by.. 560 Design of Hot Water Supply Systems to Minimize. .576-578 in Drainage Systems 583-584 Electrolytic. . .12-13, 556, 557, 558 Galvanic Action 555, 560 of Hot Water Piping in Bath Houses, 562-565, 655, 656, 661-662 of Hot Water Supply Systems, 562-565, 576-578 Hydrochloric Acid 560 Impurities, Action of in Feed Water 275-277, 560, 635-638 and Incrustation of Boilers, 275-277, 635-638 Corrosion Investigations, Summary of 568-569 of Iron and Steel 12, 553-590 Pipe as Found in Service ("NATIONAL" Bulletin No. 10) 655, 656, 662 Literature about, Published by National Tube Company, 661-663, 665-666 in Mains, Street. .584-585, 589-590 of Metals 555,557 Physical Reasons for 559 Pipe 12-13, 553-590, 661-663 Piling 557, 558, 57~576 Plain Facts about "NATIONAL" Pipe. . . . 561-575 Prevention of (see also Dog Guards), 13, 275-277, 558, 559, 560, 577, 635-638 Purification of Boiler Water 275-277, 635-638 in Refrigerating Systems, 583, 584, 587, 655, 656, 662 Relative 553-554, 579~59O Results of Investigations, Sum- mary 568-569 in Salt Water 555 in Sea Water 555~556 in Service Lines 589-590 in Steam Drums 560 of Steel and Iron 12, 553-590 Pipe as Found in Service ("NATIONAL" Bulletin No. 10) 655, 656, 662 Specimens 562-575 of Surface Condenser Tubes. . 558 of Tanks by Galvanic Action. 557 Testimony as to Relative. .579-590 Tests 5*79-590 in U. S. Navy, of Boiler Tubes,, 557, 559, 56o, 565-566 Underground 556 Water, Boiler, Purification of, 275-277, 635-638 Zinc, Effect of , on 560 Corrugated Joint (Definition) . . 486 Counterbored (Definition) 486 Countersink (Definition) 486 Countersunk (Definition) 486 Coupling (Definition) 486 Pipe (Definition) 500 Socket (Definition) 507 Steam (Definition) 509 Union (Definition) 513 Couplings (see Product in Ques- tion, also "Joint") Covering, Pipe (Definition) .... 500 Coverings, Steam Pipe 348-350 Cox's Formula for Discharge of Gas 321 Loss of Head by Friction in Pipes . . . 289-290, 639-643 680 Index Cream Separator Bowls, Speci- fications for "SHELBY" Seamless Cold-drawn Steel Tubes for 103-104, 625 Specialties 194 Cressed (Definition) 486 Artesian Joint (Definition) . . . 486 Crippling of Poles 116 Cross (Definition) 486 Cross-over (Definition) 486 Bend (Definition) 486 Pipe Bend 163, 627 Tee (Definition) 486 Rolls, Effect 8-0 Section of Pipe 58-65, 610-620 Square Pipe 66, 6og Rectangular Pipe 67, 609 Tube (Definition) 486 Valve (Definition) 487 Crotch (Definition) 487 Crushing Down Test. .13, 95, 100, 102 Test (Definition) 487 Cubic Centimeters, Capacity of Pipe 423 Contents, Pipes and Cylin- ders. .301-304, 419-459, 648-651 Seamless Tubing 200-203 Tubes 419-459, 648-651 Cubic Feet per Foot of Cylin- ders, Table 301 Cubic Feet per Foot of Pipes. . . 301 Second, Gallons per Minute, Table 300 Foot Equivalents 311 Inch Equivalents 311 Cup and Ball Joint 487 Cup Joint (Definition) 487 Cupped Cylinder Heads 189-190 Cupping (Definition) 487 Process 15 Current Motors, Water 298 Curve, Collapsing Pressure 231 Elastic, of Beams 251 Curved Flange (Definition) .... 487 Curves, Effect of on Flow of Water in Pipes 279 Customary Sizes of Poles 109 Cut Length (Definition) 487 Limits of Accuracy, Varia- tion 21, 671 Cutter, Pipe (Definition) 500 Tube Sheet (Definition) 512 Cylinder (Definition) 487 Caps 194 Heads 189-192 Dished, Thickness of 191 Flat, Thickness of 192 Shapes of 189-190 Strength of 190-191 Specialties, "SHELBY" Seamless Steel 194 Cylinders, Ammonia, "NATIONAL" 518 Bursting Strength 189 Cylinders, Comparison of Internal Fluid Pressure, Formulae for. .218-219 Contents of, Table 301 for Gasoline Engines 195 Materials for 15 Seamless, "SHELBY" 188 Specifications 625 Strength of, Under Internal Pressure 212-226, 631-634 Table of Capacities of 301 Cylindrical Tanks, Table of, Capacities of, in Barrels. .. 304 Tanks and Cisterns, Table of, Contents of 302 Walls, Strength of .212-243,631-634 Dalton's Law of Gaseous Pres- sures 315 Darcy's Formula for Flow of Steam in Pipes 344 Water in Pipes 282 Dead End of a Pipe (Defini- tion) 487 Decimal Equivalents of Feet and Inches 366-368 Fractions 368 Vulgar Fractions 366-368 Wire and Sheet Metal Gages 369 Fractions of Inch 368 of a Foot for Each -fa of an Inch 366 an Inch for Each -fa 368 Definitions (see Particular Defi- nition). Definitions of Terms Used in the Pipe and Fitting Trade 479-516, 654 Deflection and Set Limits, Tubu- lar Electric Line Poles, 112-113, 119-157, 626 Due to Load "SHELBY" Seamless Cold-drawn Steel Trolley Poles 198 Elastic, of Beams 251 Dekaliters to Pecks 462, 467 Delivery, Compressed Air 360-364 Water from Pipes 278-279 Density of Air 352-354 Water 272 Densities of Elementary Gases. 314 Depth of Thread, Brigg's Stand- ard 208-209 Design of Hot Water Supply Systems to Minimize Cor- rosion 576-578 Development of Pipe Industry. 7 History, Characteristics and The Advantages of "NATIONAL" Pipe ("NATIONAL" Bulletin No. n) 655, 656, 657 Index 681 Development of Pipe Industry, The Rise of Steel Pipe ("NATIONAL" Bulletin No. 24) 655, 656, 659 Diameter, Nominal, Internal and External 21, 46-56, 58-65, 610-620 of Pipe Required for Flow of Known Quantity of Water . 290 "SHELBY" Seamless Tub- ing 199 Diamond BX Casing, California, "NATIONAL" (see Cali- fornia Diamond BX Casing, "NATIONAL"). Diamond BX Drive Pipe, Cali- fornia, "NATIONAL" (see California Diamond BX Drive Pipe, "NATIONAL") Drill Rods, "SHELBY" Seam- less Cold-drawn Steel Tubes, Specifications for. . .104-105, 625 Diaphragm, Expansion (Defini- tion) 489 Dictionary of Pipe Trade Terms, 477-516, 654 Die (Definition) 487 Master (Definition) 497 Pipe (Definition) 500 Dies, Threading. . 10-11, 655, 656, 661 Difference in Weight of Pipe for Difference in O. D 379-380 Dimensions (see Weights and Dimensions, also Product in Question) Dip Coating (see also Coating) .91, 106 Specifications 91,94,625 Pipe (Definition) 487 Dipping Poles 118 Discharge, Air, Coefficients of 358 Capacities, Relative, of Pipe, Double Extra Strong .... 646 Extra Strong 644-645 Standard 306-309 Chart, Quantity, Diameter, Velocity 279 Coefficient of, Air 358 Steam . ..'. 341 Water 278 Gas at High Pressure, Formula for 320-321 Low Pressure. Formula. . 317 Common Formula for 321 Comparison of Formula. . . 323 Cox's Formula 321 Oliphant's Formula 322 Pittsburgh Formula 321 Rix's Formula 321 Towl's Formula 321 Unwin's Formula 323 Pipes Conveying Water.. . .278-279 Relative 306-309, 644-646 Pumping Engines 293 Steam from Pipes, Kent's Formula 344 Discharge, Water Through Pipes 278 Dished (Definition) 487 Cylinder Heads, Thickness of 191 Heads, Strength of 191 Displacement per Lineal Foot of "SHELBY" Seamless Steel Tubing 199 Dissolved Carbonic Acid and Oxygen in Boiler Water 276, 576, 635-638 Distribution of Gas 317-324 Dog (Definition) 487 Casing (Definition) 484 Guard (Definition) 487 Guards for Poles, Tubular. . 113-1 14 Pipe (Definition) 500 River (Definition) 504 Double Bend (Definition) 488 Branch Elbow (Definition) ... 488 Extra Strong Pipe Bursting Tests 225-226, 633 Columns, Table of Safe Loads for 249 Circumferences, Areas and Surfaces for 650 Definition 488 Discharging Capacities of, Relative 646 Internal Fluid Pressures for 633 Length per Square Foot of Surface 57 Manufacture, Process of 8, 9 "NATIONAL" Test Pressures 69, 621 Weights and Dimensions 25 Offset U Bend 163, 627 Riveted Bump Joint Pipe. .165-166 Butted and Strapped Joint Pipe 164-165 Sweep Tee (Definition) 488 Drainage Fittings (Definition). 488 Systems, Corrosion in 583-584 Drams, Apothecaries, to Milli- liters 422, 466 Drawing (see Seamless Steel Tubes and Tubing, "SHELBY") 14 Drawn (Definition) 488 Cold (Definition) 485 Hot (Definition) 493 Dresser (Definition) 488 Drifted (Definition) 488 and Reamed (Definition) .... 503 Pipe, "NATIONAL" (see Reamed and Drifted Pipe, "NATIONAL"). Drill (Definition) 488 Pipe, "NATIONAL" Section of Joint 80 Test Pressures 76 Weights and Dimensions . . 36 Pole (Definition) 502 682 Index Drill Rods, D i am on d, : > i i "SHELBY" Seamless Steel Tubes for, Specification 104-105,625 Shot (Definition) 506 Drilled (Definition) 488 Drilling Machine (Definition) . . 488 Purposes. "NATIONAL" Pipe for ("NATIONAL" Bulletin No. 15) 655,656,658 Drive Head (Definition) 488 Pipe, "NATIONAL" Section of Joint 77 Test Pressures 69 Weights and Dimensions.. . 24 Pipe, "NATIONAL" Cali- fornia Diamond BX (see California Diamond BX Drive Pipe. "NATIONAL") Pipe Joint (Definition) 488 Ring (Definition) 488 Shoe (Definition) 488 Drop Elbow (Definition) 489 of Pressure in Steam Lines. .344-346 Tee (Definition) 489 Test . . 116,119 Drum (Definition) 489 Drums, Steam, Corrosion of . . . 560 Dry Joint (Definition) 489 Kiln Pipe, "NATIONAL" Section of Joint (Corrected) 624 Test Pressures. t 76, 623 Weights and Dimensions. .37,596 "NATIONAL" Bulletin No. 23 ; . 655,656,659 Pipe (Definition), , .,i4>;,..v/ 489 Quarts to Liters 462,467 Steam 327 Durability of Welded Pipe in Service ("NATIONAL" Bulletin No. 3) 655, 656, 662 of Wrought Iron and Steel Pipe (see also Corrosion) . 561-575 Eccentric Back Outlet (Defini- tion) 480 Eccentric Fitting (Definition) . . 489 Eckert Joint (Definition) 489 Eduction Pipe (Definition) 489 Eighth Bend (Definition) . ..... 489 Effect of Bends and Fittings on Flow of Air in Pipes 364 Gas in Pipes 324 Steam in Pipes 346 Curves and Valves on Flow of Water in Pipes 283-284 Efficiency of a Fall of Water. .. 297 Efflux of Air 357-358 Gas ../mo^O'Hc- 3 l6 Steam 341-342 Velocity of 357 Elastic Curve of Beams 251 Elastic Deflection of Beams 251, 257-263 Elongation 113 Limit of Bessemer Pipe Steel 10 Open Hearth Pipe Steel ... 10 "SHELBY" Seamless Steel Tubes 16-17 Elasticity Modulus 112, 255, 257 of Beams 254-255 Elbow (Definition) 489 Back Outlet 489 Double Branch (Definition). . 488 Drop (Definition) 489 Heel Outlet (Definition) 493 Reducing Taper (Definition). 503 Resistance to Flow 324 Return (Definition) 504 Service 489 Street (Definition) 509 Taper Reducing (Definition) . 503 Three-way (Definition) 511 Union 489 Electric Line Poles (see Poles). . 109 Tables, Tubular 120-157, 626 Electrolysis 13, 556, 557, 558 Elementary Gases, Densities of. 314 Elevator (Definition) 489 Casing (Definition) 484 Ell. Back Outlet (Definition) ... 480 Ell, Branch (Definition) 482 Ell (Definition) 489 Ell, Service (Definition) 505 Ell, Side Outlet (Definition) .... 506 Ell, Union (Definition) 513 Elongation Bessemer Pipe Steel. 10 Elastic 113 Open Hearth Pipe Steel 10 Pipe Caused by Heat 346-347 "SHELBY" Seamless Steel Tubes 16-19 Tubes by Heat 211 End, Annealed, Tube (Defini- tion) 480 Converged (Definition) 485 Cylinder 189-190 Dead, of a Pipe (Definition) . . 487 Expanded, Tube (Definition) 489 Plain (Definition) 501 Safe (Definition) ; . . . 505 Energy of Water Flowing in a Tube 298 Engine Cylinder Forgings 195 Engines, Gas, Gas Quantities, Feed Pipe Sizes, etc., for. 647 Gasoline and Steam Fuel per Horse Power per Hour for. 647 Pumping, Discharge of .... 293-294 Sizes of Steam Pipes for 347 Thermal Waste 338 Entrance, Resistance to Flow of Steam Due to 346 Entropy, Tabular Values, 329-333,339-340 Entry Head, Flow of Water 277 Index 683 quation of Pipes . . . 306-309, 644-646 Equivalent Heads of Water and Mercury, Table of Pressure 310 i Equivalents, Convenient 312 Cubic Feet, Gallons, Seconds, Minutes, Hours 300 j Decimal 470-471,476 j Foot for Each -^ Inch 366-367 j Heat, Mechanical 328 i Hydraulic 310,312 Inch for Each 6 \ 368 | Masses, Metric, English 468 j Mechanical of Heat 328 j Metric 460-476,652-653 i Charts 476 j Pressure to Head 274, 310 i Water 310-312 ! Evaporation Factors 333~336 i Exhaust Relief Valve (Defini- tion) 489 ' Expanded Upset Tubes 158-161 i End Tube (Definition) 489 ' Joint (Definition).. uroiJinfoO 489 I Joint Casing 27 j Riveted 165-166 I Expander, Tube (Definition). . . 512 i Expanding of Boiler Tubes into Tube Sheets 210 ! Test Boiler Tubes 102, 625 ' Expansion and Compression, Adiabatic of Air 355 Isothermal, of Air 356 i Contraction of Pipes 168 ' Bend 163, 168, 627 Coefficient 211 Coil (Definition) 489 ! Diaphragm (Definition) 489 I Gases 314-320 Joint -.'-}''. .'iu-/-. . .-. .168, 489 ' Expansion Loop. ... 163, 1 68, 490, 627 of Air Adiabatic 355 Isothermal 356 Gas, Mariotte's Law 314 Iron and Steel Tubes, Thermal 211 i Pipes by Heat 346-347 j Steam 346-34? I Tubes by Heat 211, 346-347 Water , ffff .^^ 272 ! Pipes (Definition) 490 j Ring (Definition) 490 i Valve (Definition) 490 Experimental Tests or Research, Bursting 212-226, 630-634 I Carbonic Acid 209 j Collapse 227-243 I Elasticity 112-113 Holding Power of Boiler Tubes 210-211 j Strength of Pole Joints 116 ! Exponential Formula, William's and Hazen's 283 Extension Piece (Definition) . . . 490 External Diameter of Pipe/Af ,sioJ: 58-65, 610-620 Pressure to Produce Col- c r? lapse 227-243 Surface Length of Pipe per Square Foot 38-41, 57, 199 per Lineal Foot, 38-41, 199, 419-459, 648-651 External Upset Tubes, Lap- welded and Seamless. . . .158-161 Tables of 160-161 Tubing. California Special, "NATIONAL" (see Cali- fornia Special External Upset Tubing, "NATIONAL") External Volume per Lineal Foot of Pipe . . .419-459, 648-651 External Volume per Lineal Foot of "SHELBY" Seam- less Tubing 199 Extra Heavy (Definition) 490 Fittings 168-169 Pipe Flanges, Threaded. 169, 175 Pressures, Working 168 Unions uiaiJuiiiaG) .adu'J&p Valves 170 Long Nipples 171-174, 627-628 Strong (Definition) 490 Double (Definition) 488 Pipe (see Double Extra Strong Pipe) Pipe Bursting Tests. . .225-226, 632 Columns, Table of Safe Loads for 247-248 Circumferences, Areas and Surfaces for 649 (Definition) 490 Discharge Capacities of, Relative 644-645 Internal Fluid Pressures for 632 Length per Square Foot of Surface 57 Manufacturing Process of 8, 9 "NATIONAL" Test Pressures 69, 621 Weights and Dimen- sions 25 Used inPoles. in, 118-157, 626 F Face, Raised( Definition) 503 Faced After (Definition) 490 Spot (Definition) 508 Factors, Area, for Tubes 373-375 Capacity for Tubes 423 Deflection of Poles 119-157 Evaporation of 333~336 Internal Fluid Pressure 220-221 Safety 268-270 for Collapse 228 Strength, for Pipes.. 58-65, 610-620 Weight for Different Materials 423 684 Index Factors, Weight, for Steel Tubes 376-378 Facts, Plain, about "NATIONAL" Pipe. . . .561-575 Fahrenheit Thermometer to Centigrade 473-476 Fairbairn's, Sir Wm., Tests. ... 227 Fall of Water, Power and Effi- ciency of 297-299 Faucet (Definition) 490 Faucet or Cock, Telegraph (Definition) 510 Feed Pipe, Internal (Definition) 494 Feed Pipe Sizes, Gas Quantities, etc., for Gas Engines 647 Feed Water Impurities, 275-277, 635-638 Regulator Floats 194 Feet, Decimal Equivalent of Inches and 366-367 Feet to Meters 461, 463 Female and Male (Definition) . 497 Fence Railings 177-182 Ferro Steel (Definition) 490 Ferrule (Definition) 490 Tube (Definition) 512 Fiber Stresses, Beams, 250-251, 257-263 Collapse of Tubes 228 Internal Fuid Pressures, 212-226, 630-634 Safe Working 268-270 Field Joint of Poles 115, 490 Field Tube (Definition) 491 Fifth Roots and Powers of Numbers 365-366 Filling Valve, Receiver (Defini- tion) 503 Finished Cold, "SHELBY" Seamless Steel Tubes 15 Finished Hot, "SHELBY" Seamless Steel Tubes 14 Fire Hydrant (Definition) 491 Plug (Definition) 491 Fitting, Ammonia (Definition).. 479 and Pipe Trade, Glossary of Terms Used 477-516, 654 Clean-out (Definition) 484 Eccentric (Definition) 489 Inverted (Definition) .... 494 Long Turn (Definition) 497 Fittings 167, 491 Blast Furnace 170 Cast Iron 168 Converse Lock Joint Pipe, "NATIONAL" 93, 625 Drainage (Definition) 488 Effect of, on Flow of Air 364 Gases 324 Steam 346 Water 283 Extra Heavy Pipe 175 Flanged 167 Malleable 168 Fittings, Pipe (Definition) 500 Railing 177-182, 503 Screwed (Malleable and Cast) 168 Trade Terms 477-516, 654 Valves and, General 167-170 Literature about 667-670 Working Pressures of 167-168 Flag Poles 115 Flange (Definition) 491 Blank (Definition) 481 Blanking (Definition) 481 Blind (Definition) 481 Boiler (Definition) 481 Circular (Definition) 484 Collar (Definition) 485 Companion (Definition) 654 Curved (Definition) 487 Internal (Definition) 494 Joint, Peened (Definition) . . . 499 Welded (Definition) 516 Flange Pressed (Definition) .... 502 Pump Column (Definition).. . 502 Reinforced, Pump Column (Definition) 503 Riveted (Definition) 504 Rolled Steel (Definition) 504 Saddle (Definition) 505 Spun (Definition) 508 Union 169, 491 Flanged (Definition) 491 Connections 167, 169 Fittings 167, 169 Joints 167, 491 Pipe 167, 491 Valves 167 Flanges, Extra Heavy Pipe, Threaded 169, 175 Pipe, Standard 169, 176 Flanging and Bending, Specifi- cations, Pipe for 95, 625 Flanging Test. . .13, 95, 100-102, 625 Flat Cylinder Heads, Thickness 192 Flat Head (Definition) 491 Flat Heads, Strength of 191 Flattening Test. .13, 95, 100, 102, 625 Flexible Joint (Definition) 491 Flexure of Beams, Formulae for 256-263 Floats, "SHELBY" Seamless Steel 194 Flow of Air 357-364 Compressed 360-364 Gill's Formula for 317 Obstructions to . 364 Through Orifices 357~358 of Gas 317-325 Formulae 317, 321-323 Humphrey's Observations. . 319 Obstructions to 324 in Pipes, High Pressure. .320-324 Low Pressure 317-320 Tables from Molesworth's Formula 317-318 Index 685 Flow, of Gases ^uxJ,ka*jji . 316 of Steam 34i~347 into Atmosphere 341-342 in Low Pressure Heating Lines.. 345 Obstructions to 346 of Water 277-299, 638-643 Approximate Formula 280 Darcy's Formula 282 Diameter of Pipe Required 290 Horse Power of 297-298 Kutter's Formula 281, 638 Measurement of 291-296 by Maximum and Mean Velocity 292 Miner's Inch 294-296 Nozzles 293 Piezometer 291 Pitot Tube 291 Venturi Meter 292 Tubes 293 Obstructions to, 283, 286-288, 638-643 in Pipes 277 Air Bound 284 Chart 279 House Service 285 Hydraulic Grade Line . . . 284 Mean Velocity 280-283 Quantity Discharge. . .278-279 Water Hammer 168, 284 William and Hazen's Form- ula 283 Flue (Definition) 491 Boiler (Definition) 491 Cleaner (Definition) 492 Joints 164-166 Flues, Boiler (see Boiler Tubes). Fluid Pressures, Internal for Boiler Tubes and Flues. . . 634 Factors 220-221 Formulae, Comparison of. .218-219 for Pipe, Double Extra Strong 633 Extra Strong 632 Standard 630-631 Strength of Commercial Tubes, Pipes and Cylinders to Re- sist 212-2 26, 630-634 Flush Bushing (Definition) 492 Joint (Definition) 492 Tubing, "NATIONAL" Section of Joint 80 Test Pressures 75 Weights and Dimensions. 32 Follower (Definition) 492 Long Screw (Definition) 497 Foot, Cubic Equivalents. 3 1 1, 462, 465 Inches Reduced to Decimals of 366-367 Linear, Kilos per Linear Meter to Pounds per 652 Pounds per, to Kilos per Linear Meter h-u;6&t Forged, Pressed (Definition) ... 502 Forgings, Various Kinds 193-196 Formula, Approximate 280 Common, Flow of Gas in Pipes, High Pressure 321-322 Cox's, Loss of Head by Fric- tion in Pipes. 289, 639-643 Darcy's 282 for Flow of Water in Pipes... 280 Kutter's 281, 638 Oilphant's Flow of Gas in Pipes, High Pressure 322 (see the Given Problem or Author) Towl's 321 Unwin's, Flow of Gas in Pipes, High Pressure 323 Williams and Hazen's 283 Formulae, Comparison of High Pressure Gas 323 Internal Fluid Pressures, 218-219 Thickness of Pipes and Tubes under Collapsing Pressure 228-231 Four-way Cock (Definition) 492 Tee (Definition) 492 Fractions, Decimal Equivalent of 368 Franklin Institute Threads.. .370-372 Free on Rails (Definition) 492 Friction, Cox's Formula for, 289, 639-643 Head of Water, 278, 286-290, 639-643 Loss of Head by, in Pipes, 286-288, 639-643 Fuel per Horse Power per Hour for Engines 647 Full Flow Joints 165 -way Valve (Definition) 492 Furnace Fittings, Blast 170 Melting (Definition) 498 Gage 369, 492 Briggs' Standard. .21, 168, 208-209 Cock (Definition) 492 Length (Definition) 492 Plug (Definition) 502 Ring (Definition) 492 Thread , Valves and Fittings . . 1 68 Water (Definition) 515 Wire and Sheet Metal in Deci- mals of an Inch 369 Gallon, British Imperial 311 Equivalents 311-312 Gallons, Cubic Feet and Table . . 300 per Foot of Cisterns 302 per Foot of Cylinders 301 per Foot of Cylindrical Ves- sels 302 per Foot of Pipes 301 per Foot of Rectangular Tanks 305 per Foot of Tanks 302 686 Index Gallons, per Lineal Foot Dis- placed by ".SHELBY" Seamless Tubing ......... 199 per Minute, Cubic Feet per Second .................. 300 to Liters ................. 462-466 Galvanic Action ........ 555, 557, 560 Galvanized Nipples, Long Screw ........ 173 Pipe .............. 171-1 72, 627 Tank.... ................ 173 Pipe (see Pipe). Galvanizing ..... 92, 94, 107, 492, 625 Ganguillet's Formula, Flow of Water in Pipes ..... 281-282, 638 Gas ....................... 313-325 Absorption of, by Liquids. ... 316 Adiabatic Compression of Natural ........ ......... 324 Avogadro's Law ............ 314 Charles' Law ............... 314 Cocks ..................... 170 Common Formula for Dis- charge of ................ 321 Comparison of Formula for Discharge of ............. 323 Compression of ........... 324-325 Cox's Formula ............. 321 Density of ................. 314 Effects of Bends and Fittings. 324 Engines, Fuel per Horse Power per Hour, for ........... 647 Gas Quantities, Feed Pipe Sizes, etc., for ............ 647 Expansion of, Mariotte's Law for ............ .......... 314 Flow in Pipes, High Pres- sure ................... 320-324 Low Pressure. .316, 317-325 Affected by Bends and Fittings ............. 324 under Pressure, Common Rule .................. 32 Cox's Rule ........... 32 Oliphant's Rule ...... 32 Pittsburgh Rule ...... 32 Rix's Rule ' ....... , Towl's Rule.... ...... 32 Unwin's Rule ...... .;. -323 Formula for Discharge at High Pressure ................. 321 Low Pressure .......... 317 General Index .............. 313 Gills Formula for Flow of .... 317 Law of Mariotte's ....... ; _ uof|ni4 Lines, "NATIONAL" Plain End Pipe for ........... 600-608 Mains, Corrosion in, 584-585, 589-590 Maximum Supply of, Through Pipes ................... 317 Mixtures of Gas and Vapors . . 315 Molesworth's Formula for Flow of ..... tfnAT.ip.4Qq . . 317 Gas, Natural, Compression of .324-325 Oliphant's Formula for Dis- charge Of . 722 Pipe, "NATIONAL" (see Pipe, Standard, "NATIONAL"). Pipes, Table of Sizes of, for Different Service 319-320 Pittsburgh Formula for Dis- charge of 321 Pole's Formula for Flow of ... 317 Properties of 314-316 Quantities, Feed Pipe Sizes, etc., for Engines 647 Rix's Formula for Discharge. 321 Saturation Point of Vapors.. . 315 Sizes of House Pipes 319 Supply of , Through Pipes. ... 317 Temperatures Produced by Compression 325 Thread (Definition) 492 Towl's Formula for Discharge 321 Unwin's Formula for Dis- charge 323 Gaseous Pressures, Dalton's Law 315 Gasket (Definition) 492 Gasoline Engine Cylinder 195 Comparison of Fuel per Horse Power per Hour for 647 Gate (or Straightway) Valve, 169, 170, 492 Angle (Definition) 479 Wedge (Definition) 515 "N.T.C." Iron Body Brass Mounted ("NATIONAL" Bulletin No. 13).. 655, 656, 670 General Notes 21. 671 Gill's Formula for Flow of Gases 317 Globe Valve 169-170, 492 Glossary of Terms Used in the Pipe and Fittings Trade, 477-516", 654 Go Devil (Definition) 492 Goose Neck (Definition) 493 Grade Line, Hydraulic 284 Grains to Grams 462, 468 Gram 460 to Avoirdupois Ounces, 462, 468, 476 to Grains 462, 468 Troy Ounces 462, 468 Grashof's Formula for Flat- heads 191 Grate, Water (Definition) 515 Grease in Boiler Water, Effect of 276, 635-638 Grief Pipe (Definition) 654 Grip Pipe (Definition) 654 of Tubes on Tube Sheets 210 Grommet or Grummet (Defini- tion) 493 Groove and Tongue (Definition) 511 Ground Joint (Definition) 493 Guards, Dog 113, 487 Index 687 Gyration, Radius of, 244, 257, 264-267 Pipe. .58-65, 419-459, 610-620 "SHELBY" Seamless Tubing 206-207 Tubes and Round Bars, 419-459 H H-Branch (Definition) 493 Half Turn Socket (Definition) . . 493 Hammer Jarring While Under Pressure Test 69, 76, 621, 623 Water 168, 284, 515 Hand Railings 177-182 Tight (Definition) 493 Hanger, Pipe (Definition) 501 Hard Solder (Definition) 493 Hardness, Standards of 636 Hawksley Rule for Flow of Air. 359 Hazelton Head (Definition) 493 Hazen's Exponential Formula. . 283 Head (Definition) 493 Bull, Tee (Definition) 483 Casing (Definition) 484 Drive (Definition) 488 Flat (Definition) 491 Hazelton (Definition) 493 Loss of, by Friction 286-290, 639-643 Water 277, 286-288, 297-299, 639-643 Patterson (Definition) 499 Rose (Definition) 654 Support, Cylinder 212-213, 222-223 Heads, Bolt and Nut, Square and Hexagon 370 Cylinder 189-192 Horse-power of Water. 299 of Water and Mercury, Table of Pressure in Equivalent. . 310 Header (Definition) 493 Heat, Latent of Steam 327-333 Loss by Convection 348 from Steam Pipes 348 Mechanical Equivalent of. ... 328 of Saturated Steam 327-333 of Vaporization 327~333 Required to Evaporate 328 Specific of Air 355 Ice j^tvT -Mtjr' 2 74 Saturated Steam 328 Superheated Steam 337 Water 275 Superheated Steam 339~34Q Total of Saturated Steam. .327-333 Treatment (see Annealing) . . . 14-20 Unit, British Thermal 327 Water. 3 27-333 Heating Lines, Flow of Steam .. 345 Surface 38-41 , 57, 596 Heavy, Extra (see Extra Heavy) Hectares to Acres 462, 464 Hectoliters per Hectare to Bushels per Acre 467 to Bushels 462, 467 Heel Outlet Elbow (Definition) . 493 Height of Poles no Hexagon and Square Nuts and Heads 370 High Pressure, Flow of Gas in Pipes at 320-324 Street Mains, Materials for. . 585 Autogenous Welding of. ... 586 History, Characteristics and The Advantages of ''NATIONAL" Pipe ("NATIONAL" Bulletin No. n) 655,656,657 Holding Power of Boiler Tubes. 210 Hook, of Threading Dies 10 Horn Socket (Definition) 493 Horse Power, Fuel per, per Hour for Engines 647 of a Running Stream 297 of Flowing Water 297-298 of Water Under Different Heads 299 Hose Mold and Hose Pole Speci- fication 105, 625 Hot Drawn (Definition) 493 Finished "SHELBY"' Seam- less Steel Tubes. . .14, 520-521 Tube (Definition) 493 Water Supply Systems, Design of, to Minimize Corrosion 576-578 Classification of 577~578 Corrosion of Pipe in 562-564, 570, 572-575, 579, 580, 583, 584 "NATIONAL" Bulletins Nos. 2 and 10 655, 656, 661, 662 Hotel Hot Water Supply Service Specimens 562, 572-575 House Pipes, Table of Sizes of, for Different Lengths and Number of Outlets 319-320 Service Pipes, Flow in 285 Horizontal Loading of Beams. . . 256 Hub (Definition) 493 Converse Lock Joint Pipe, "NATIONAL," Section of 84 Matheson Joint Pipe, "NATIONAL," Section of (corrected) 624 Humphrey Observations on Flow of Gases in Pipes 319 Hundredths of an Inch to Milli- meters 469 Hydrant (Definition) 494 Fire (Definition) 491 Hydraulic Conversion Table. 300, 311 Equivalents 311, 312 Fittings 168 Grade Line ..... ^ .^Q5"6 *;oi ..eiuiasi- 1 i- 169 Valves .................... 170 Hydraulics ................. 271-312 Hydrochloric Acid in Boilers . . . 560 Hydrostatic Test Pressures (see Test Pressures) Ice and Snow, Properties of ---- 274 Ice on Wire ............ 117-118,626 Illuminating Gas, Flow of ...... 317 Impact Tests ................. 16-19 Imperial, British, Gage ........ 369 Gallon .................... 311 Impurities in Boiler Water ..... 276, 635-638 Corrosive Action of ......... 557 Inch, Miner's .......... 294-296, 312 Inches and Millimeters ____ ---- 470 Decimals of, for Each ^j ..... 368 of a Foot ....... . ...... 366-367 of Gages in .............. 369 Square, Pounds per, to Kilo- grams per Square Millimeter 653 Kilograms per Square Milli- meter to Pounds per. . . . 653 Increaser (Definition) ......... 494 Incrustation, Boiler. 275-277, 635-638 Index, Air .............. ..... 351 Gas ....................... 313 Steam ..................... 326 Water ..................... 271 Indicator (Definition) ....... , , 494 Inertia, Moment of ........... 254 for Pipe ....... 58-65, 610-620 Rectangular Pipe ...... 67, 609 "SHELBY" Seamless Tubing ............ 204-205 Square Pipe .......... 66, 609 Tubes and Round Bars 419-459 Ingersoll Rand Rule for Flow of Compressed Air ...... 360-364 Ingot, Corrosion of ........... 554 Inserted Joint (Definition) ..... 494 Casing, "NATIONAL" Boston Section of Joint .......... 78 Test Pressures ........... 10 71 Weights and Dimensions.. . 27 Inside Diameter Pipe, Weight of ................... 21,46-49 Surface Length of Pipe per Square Foot, 38-41, 57, 596, 648-651 Surface per Lineal Foot ..... 38-41, 206-207, 419-459, 596, 648-651 Inspection and Tests of "SHELBY "Seamless Steel Tubes 20 Welded Pipe 13, 98 (see also "Specifications.") of Tubes for Steamboats 229 Internal Feed Pipe (Definition). 494 Flange (Definition) 494 Fluid Pressures for Boiler Tubes and Flues. 634 Factors 220-221 Formulae, Comparison of 218-219 for Pipe Double Extra Strong 633 Extra Strong 632 Standard 630-631 Strength of Tubes, Pipes and Cylinders Under, 212-226, 630-634 Surface, 38-41, 206-207, 419-459, 648-651 Upset Tubes 158-161 Inverted Fitting (Definition) . . . 494 Investigations, Corrosion, Re- sults of 568-569 Iron Body, Brass Mounted, Wedge Gate Valves, "N.T.C."(" NATIONAL" Bulletin No. 13). . .655, 656, 670 Cast, Fittings 168-169 Charcoal, Analysis 211 Corrosion of (see Corrosion) Malleable (Definition) 497 Pipe Size (Definition) 654 Socket (Definition) 507 and Steel Pipe and Tubes Bursting Tests. 223-226, 630-634 Corrosion of (see Corrosion). Durability of, Relative, 557, 562-575 Expansion of 211, 347 Metallic Content 566 Pitting of (see Corrosion). Strength 223-226, 630-634 Thermal Expansion of 211 Threading (see Threading). Isothermal Expansion and Com- pression of Air, Work of . . . 356 Jarring by Hammer, While Under Pressure Test.. . .69, 76, 621, 623 Jars (Definition) 494 Joint (Definition) 494 Ammonia (Definition) 479 Armstrong (Definition) 480 Artesian (Definition) 480 Ball (Definition) 480 and Cup (Definition) 487 Bell and Spigot (Definition). . 481 Block (Definition) 481 Boiler Tube, Slipping Point Of 2IO-2II Briggs' Standard 208 Index 689 Joint, Bumped (Definition) 483 Butted and Strapped (Defini- tion) 483 Converse Lock (Definition) 485 Corrugated (Definition) 486 Cressed Artesian (Definition) 486 Cup (Definition) 487 and Ball (Definition) 487 Directions for Making Tight . 624 Dresser (Definition) 488 Drive Pipe (Definition) 488 Dry (Definition) 489 Eckert (Definition) 489 Expanded (Definition) 489 Expansion 168, 489 Field 115, 490 Flanged 167, 491 Flexible (Definition) 491 Flush (Definition) 492 Ground (Definition) 493 Hydrostatic (Definition) 494 Inserted (Definition) 494 Kimberley (Definition) 495 Knock Off (Definition) 495 Lead 83, 84, 167, 496, 624 and Rubber (Definition) . . . 496 Runner (Definition) 496 Leaded, Valves and Fittings.. 167 Line Pipe (Definition) 496 Matheson (Definition) 497 National (Definition) 498 Normandy (Definition) 498 Peened Flange (Definition).. . 499 Perkins (Definition) 499 Petit's (Definition) 500 Pipe (see Joint, Section of) Pole in, 115, 116 Pope (Definition) 502 Pressure (Definition) 502 Riedler (Definition) 504 Riveted Pipe. 164-166 Rust (Definition) 505 Screwed 167 Section of 77-84, 164-165, 624 Casing, "NATIONAL" Boston, Inserted Joint ... 78 with Pacific Couplings 78 Standard 78 California Diamond BX . 82 South Penn 83 Pipe, "NATIONAL" Air Line 80 Ammonia 624 Bump Joint 165 Butted and S trapped Joint 1 64 Converse Lock Joint... 84 Drill 80 Drive 77 California Diamond BX 82 Dry Kiln (Corrected) ... 624 Kimberley Joint 83 Matheson Joint (Corrected) 624 ?.dv, Reamed and Drifted 79 Riveted Joint 164, 165 Joint, Section of Pipe, "NATIONAL" Rotary, Special 79 , Upset 79 Signal 97 Standard 77 Poles, "NATIONAL" Tubular 115 Tubing, "NATIONAL" Allison Vanishing Thread . , . 8i California Special External Upset 82 Flush Joint .... 80 OilWell 81 Shop, for Poles 115 Shrunk (Definition) 506 Siemen's (Definition) 506 Slip (Definition) 507 Slipping Point of Rolled Boiler Tube 210-211 Socket (Definition) 507 Spigot (Definition) 508 Strength of Poles 115-116 Swaged in, 115-116 Swing (Definition) 510 Swivel (Definition) 510 Thimble (Definition) 511 Tight, Directions for Making. 624 Union (Definition) 513 Van Stone (Definition) 514 Walker (Definition) 514 Welded Flange (Definition). . 516 Wiped (Definition) 516 Jointer (Definition) 495 Jointing, Special Sizes of Poles., in Kalameined (Definition) 495 Kent's Formula for Discharge of Steam from Pipes 344 "KEWANEE" (Definition) .... 495 Products, List of 522-540 Literature about 667-670 Union (Definition) 495 Unions 169, 668 Some Tests of ("NATIONAL" Bulletin No. 9) ... 655, 656, 668 Kiln Pipe, Dry (see Dry Kiln Pipe, "NATIONAL"). Kilograms 460-462 to Avoirdupois Pounds.462, 468, 472 Equivalents 472 Pounds per Square Inch to Kilograms per Square Milli- meter 653 per Square Millimeter to Pounds per Square Inch . . . 653 to Troy Pounds 462, 468, 472 Kilometers to Miles 461, 463 Kilos per Linear Meter to Pounds per Linear Foot ... 652 Pounds per Linear Foot to, per Linear Meter 652 690 Index Kimberley Joint Pipe. "NATIONAL". Definition 4QS Mill Practice, Measurement 671 Section of Joint 83 Test Pressures 74 Weights and Dimensions 44 Knock Off Joint (Definition) . . . 495 Kutter's Formula for Flow of Water in Pipes 281 , 638 Ladders. Pipe 183-186 Laid Length (Definition) 495 Lame's Formula for Strength of Tubes, Internal Pressure 215, 218,219 Lap-weld (Definition) . .496 Boiler Tubes (seeBoiler Tubes) . . Pipe (see Pipe). Bursting Tests . 223-226, 630-634 Upset and Expanded 158-161 Process of Manufacture.. . . 7, 518 Uses of "NATIONAL". . 541-546 Tubes, Upset and Expandedi 58-161 Large Buildings, "NATIONAL" Pipe in ("NATIONAL" Bulletin No. 25)655,656,659-660 O. D. Pipe, Plain Ends, "NATIONAL" 598-599 Mill Practice. Measurement 671 Latent Heat of Steam 327-333 Lateral (Definition) 496 Contraction, Coefficient 215 Law, Avogadro's 314 Charles' 314 Chicago Building for Columns . wtf. clu-niai 244-249 Dalton's 315 Marine 229-230 Inspection for Cylinder Heads 191 Mariotte's 314 New York Building, for Columns 244-249 Lead (Definition) 10-11, 496 Lead and Rubber Joint (Defini- mX tion) 496 Joint (Definition) 496 (see Converse Lock Joint, Kimberly Joint, and Matheson Joint Pipe, "NATIONAL"). Runner (Definition) . . ^~ 9tn 496 Lined Pipe (Definition) 496 Weight of 423 Wool (Definition) 496 Leaded Joints 167 Leak Clamp (Definition) 496 Length of Columns 244-249 Comparison of Customary and Metric Units 463 ! Length, Conversion Chart for. . . 476 Cut 21,487,671 Gage (Definition) 492 Inches and Millimeters 469-471 Laid (Definition) 495 Long (Definition) 496 Measure (see Metric Equiv- alents)... 461, 463, 469-47 1, 476 of Pipe for One Square Foot of Surface 57, 648-651 Variation in 21,671 of Poles 109-110, 120-157,626 Random 503, 671 of Threads 208 Weights and Temperatures, Chart for Conversion .... 476 Light Standard Valves 170 Lilly's Formula for Collapsing Pressures 231 Lime in Feed Water.275-276, 635-638 , Limit of Accuracy of Cut Length Pipes and Diam- eters 21, 102, 671 Straightness, Hose Poles. 105, 625 Limits, Deflection, of Poles .... 112 Set of Poles 112 Linde's Equation 337 Line Hydraulic Grade 284 Pipe, "NATIONAL" Section of Joint 77 Test Pressures ; ,,', .68, 621 Weights and Dimensions 23,592 Air (see Air Line Pipe, "NATIONAL") Gas, "NATIONAL" Plain End Pipe for 600-608 Joint (Definition) 496 Poles, Tubular Electric 109-157.. 626 Sand (Definition) 505 Lineal Feet, Mill Practice, Meas- urement of Pipe 671 per Square Foot of "SHELBY" Seamless Tubing 199 ! Linear Expansion of Pipes, 211, 346-347 Foot, Pounds per, to Kilos per Linear Meter 652 Kilos per Linear Meter to Pounds per 652 Meter, Kilos per, to Pounds per Linear Foot 652 Pounds per Linear Foot to Kilos per 652 Lined Pipe, Lead (Definition) . . 496 Tin (Definition) 511 Lip of Threading Dyes 10 Union 169, 496 Liquid Gallons to Liters 462, 466 Ounces to Milliliters 462, 466 Quarts to Liters 462, 466 Liquids, Absorption of Gases. . . 316 Index 691 Liquor Marks 91, 93, 98, 625 List of Products, "KEWANEE," 522-540 "NATIONAL" 518-519 "SHELBY" 520-521 Liter 460-462 Capacity of Pipe 423 to Dry Quarts 462, 467 Equivalents 311 to Liquid Gallons 462, 466 Quarts 462, 466 Pecks 462, 467 Literature of National Tube Company 655-670 Live Load on Poles 117, 626 Loading of Beams 258-263 in Any Direction Equally 256 Vertical and Horizontal. . 256 Pipe Columns 244-249 Poles 119-157, 626 Safety Factors for Static 268 Variable 268 Seamless Trolley Poles, "SHELBY" 198 Wind on Poles 116-118, 626 Lock Joint Pipe "NATIONAL" Converse (see Converse Lock Joint Pipe "NATIONAL"). Nut (Definition) 496 Locomotive Boiler Tubes and Safe Ends (see Boiler Tubes). Long Length (Definition) 496 Nipples . . 171, 172, 174 Screw (Definition) 496 Follower (Definition) 497 Nipples 173 Ton Equivalents 462, 472 Turn Fitting (Definition) .... 497 Longitudinal Stresses, Internal Fluid Pressure 212-220 Loop (Definition) 497 Expansion 163, 168, 490 Loss of air pressure in pipes 3S9-300 Head by Bends 283 Friction in Pipes, 286-290, 638-643 Cox's Formula, 289, 639-643 Tables from For- mula 289-290, 639-643 Valves 283 Heat from Engines 338 Steam Pipes 348-350 Pressure Due to Flow, Air, 359-360 Low Pressure Fittings 167, 169 Flow of Gas in Pipes at.. 3 17-3 19 Heating Lines, Flow of Steam in 345-346 Valves 170 Lubrication of Threading Dies . . 1 1 M Machine, Drilling (Definition) . . 488 Pipe Bending (Definition).. . . 500 Tapping (Definition) 510 Machining Allowances, Cream Separator Bowls 104, 625 Magnesia in Feed Water, 275-276, 635-638 Mams, Street, Autogenous Weld- ing of 586 Corrosion in 584 Materials for 585 Male and Female (Definition) 497 Malleable Iron (Definition) .... 497 Fittings 168 Unions 169 Mandrel Socket (Definition) . . . 497 Manganese in Pipe Steel 10 "SHELBY" Seamless Steel Tubes 16, 18, 19, 591 Manifold (Definition) 497 Marinesmann (Definition) 497 Manufacture, Process of (see Product in Question). Manufacturers' Gages 369 Standard Flanges 169, 175 Pipe Thread 209 Margin of Security 268 Marine Boiler Tubes (see Boiler Tubes). Corrosion in 558-560 Law Formula for Collapse. . . 229 Inspection of Cylinder Heads 191 Limitation of Pressure on Tubes 229-230 Mariotte's Law for Expansion of Gases 314, 320 Marking of Pipe, "NATIONAL" 20 Mass Measures (see Metric Equivalents) 468 Masses, Comparison of Custom- ary and Metric Units of ... 468 Master Die (Definition) 497 Steam Fitters, Standard Flanges. . 169, 176 Tap (Definition) 497 Materials (see Product in Ques- tion). Matheson Joint Pipe, "NATIONAL" Coating, Protective 91 Definition 497 and Dresser Joint (Definition) 497 Leaded Joints 167 Mill Practice, Measurement 671 Reinforcements 107 Section of Joint (Corrected) . . 624 Specifications 91-92, 625 Test Pressures 'A 73 Weights and Dimensions .... 42 Maximum Supply of Gas Through Pipes 317 Mean Velocity of Flow in Pipes . 280 692 Index Measurement Equals Weight (Definition) 498 Converse Lock Joint Pipe, "NATIONAL" 95, 625, 671 of Discharge of Pumping En- gines by Means of Nozzles % 293 Flowing Water by Venturi Tubes 293 Piezometer 291 Pitot Tube 291 the Venturi Meter 292 Matheson Joint Pipe, "NATIONAL" . . .92, 625, 671 Maximum and Mean Veloc- ity of Flow in Pipes 292 of Pipe, Mill Practice 671 Water by Nozzles 293 Miner's Inch 296 Steamer's (Definition) 509 Measures, Metric. . .460-472, 652-653 Mechanical Equivalent of Heat 328 Properties of Solid and Tubu- lar Beams 250-267 Medium Pressure (Definition) 168, 498 Fittings 168, 170 Melting Furnace (Definition)... 498 Point Influence by Pressure. . 274 Merchant and Marine Boiler Tubes (see Boiler Tubes). Mercury, Table of Pressure in Equivalent Heads of Water 310 Metal Area of Pipe, 58-65, 419-459, 610-620, 648-651 Sheet and Wire Gages 369 Metallic Contents 566 Metals, Corrosion of. . . .555^ 556, 557 Oxidation of, in a Refriger- ating System 587 Meter 460-463 to Feet 461, 463 to Inches 470-47 1 Linear, Kilos per, to Pounds per Linear Foot 652 Pounds per Linear Foot to Kilos per 652 to Yards 461-463 Venturi 292 Metric Areas 462, 464 Capacities 462, 466-467 Conversion Chart for Lengths, Weights and Temperatures 476 Tables 652-653 and Customary Units 463-468 Equivalents 461-462, 470-471 Lengths, 461, 463, 469-471, 476, 652-653 Masses 468 System. .\ 460-472, 652-653 Ton Equivalents 462, 472 Units 460 Volumes 462, 465 Weights. . . .462, 472, 476, 652, 653 Temperatures 476 Mild Steel Pipe, Corrosion of . 553-590 Threading of 561-562 Miles to Kilometers 461, 463 Mill Inspection (see also the various Specifications) .13, 14, 20 Practice, Measurement of Pipe 671 Tests (see also Test Pressures) 13, 14, 20 Milliliters to Apothercaries' Drams 462, 466 Scruples 466 Liquid Ounces 462, 466 Millimeters to Inches. . .463, 469-471 Square, Kilograms per, to Pounds per Square Inch . 653 Pounds per Square Inch to Kilograms per 653 Miner's Inch, California 312 Colorado 312 Flow Measurement 294-296 Mines, Coal, Corrosion in.57i, 572, 580 Minimum Weight of Beams. . . . 255 Miscellaneous Specialties 195 Mixtures of Vapors and Gases. . 315 Module 295 Modulus of Elasticity. ..112, 255, 257 Section 253-267 Pipe 58-65, 610-620 Rectangular Pipe 67, 609 Seamless Tubing, "SHELBY" 204-205 Square Pipe 66, 609 Tubes and Round Bars. .419-459 Molesworth's Formula, Tables from, for Flow of Gas in Pipes 317-318 Moment, Bending 252 of Inertia, of Beams 254 of Pipes 58-65, 610-620 Rectangular 67, 609 Square 66, 609 of "SHELBY" Seamless Tubing 204-205 of Tubes and Round Bars 419-459 Resisting 253 Motors, Water Current 298 Mounted (Definition) 498 Brass (Definition) 482 Mouthed-bell (Definition) 481 Mud in Feed Water 275, 276, 635-638 Multipliers for Pipe Diameters for Gas Engines 647 Napier's Formula 342 "N.T.C." Iron Body Brass Mounted Wedge Gate Valves ("NATIONAL" Bulletin No. 13) 655, 656, 670 Regrinding Valves ("NATIONAL" Bulletin No. 7), 655,656,669 Index 693 "NATIONAL" Bulletins. .. .655. 656 Index to ("NATIONAL* Bulletin No. 20).. 655, 656, 658 Coating 94, 107, 108, 109, 625, 655, 656, 663 Pipe (see Pipe). Literature about 655-670 Marking 20 Plain Facts about 56i-575 Uses of 541-546 Products, List of 518-519 National Joint (Definition) 498 Pole Socket (Definition) 498 Natural Gas, Adiabatic Com- pression of 324-325 Nature of Stress in Tube Wall. . 212 Navy, U. S., Corrosion Tests, ' 557, .559, 565-566, 589 Neck, Goose (Definition) 493 of Cylinders 189-190 Needle Valve (Definition) 498 Nested (Definition) 498 Neutral Surface Beams 250 New York Rule for Columns . . . 244 Nickel in "SHELBY" Seamless Steel Tubes .\fi 19 Weight of 423 Ninety Degreee Pipe Bend.. .163, 627 Nipple (Definition) 498 Casing 174, 628 Close (Definition) 485 Long Screw 173 Short (Definition) 506 Shoulder (Definition) 506 Space (Definition) 507 Swaged (Definition) 509 Tank 173 Nipples, Wrought Casing. . . .174, 628 Pipe ; 171-172, 627 Nitric Acid in Boiler Water, 276, 635-638 Nominal Diameter, Internal and External 21 Non-return Valve (Definition).. 498 Normandy Joint (Definition). . . 498 Notched Test 16-19 Notes, General, of Pipe Trade . 21, 671 Nozzle (Definition) . . 498 Measurement 293 Number of Barrels in Cisterns and Tanks 304 Chasers Required in Thread- in g Dies (see also "NATIONAL" Bulletin No. 6) ii, 655, 656, 661 Threads per Inch 208 Nut (Definition) 498 Lock (Definition) 496 Unions 169 Nuts and Bolt Heads, Screw Threads, Proportions of . . . 370 O O.D. Pipe, Plain Ends, "NATIONAL" Large.. 598-509 O. D. Pipe, Mill Practice, Measurement of 671 Odd size of Poles m Offset Pipe (Definition) 499 Bends 162, 163, 627 Oil in Boiler Water, Effect of, 276, 635-638 Tanks, Electrolytic Corrosion of..... 557 for Threading 1 1 Well Tubing, "NATIONAL" Section of Joint 81 Test Pressures w.n'.&SL Weights and Dimensions.. . 30 Oliphant's Formula for Dis- charge of Gas 322 Open Hearth Pipe Steel, Chemi- cal and Physical Analysis. 10, 211 Open Return Bend (Definition). 499 Organic Impurities, Corrosive Action of 557 Orifices, Flow of Air from. . . .357-358 Steam from 341 Ounces, Avoirdupois to Grams, 462, 468, 476 Liquid to Milliliters 462, 466 per Square Inch in Equiva- lent Heads 310 Troy to Grams 462, 468 Outflow of Steam into Atmos- phere 342 Outlet, Back, Central (Defini- tion) 480 Back, Eccentric (Definition). . 480 Ell (Definition) 480 Heel, Elbow (Definition) 493 Side (Definition) 506 Tee, Side (Definition) 506 Outside Diameter 21 Pipe, Weight of 50-56 PlainEnds," NATIONAL" Large 598-599 for "SHELBY" Seamless Tubing 199 Surface per Lineal Foot of "SHELBY "Seamless Tub- ing 199 Length of Pipe per Square Foot 38-41, 57, 199, 419-459, 596, 648-651 per Lineal Foot, 38-41, 419-459, 596, 648-651 Oval Socket (Definition) 499 Oxidation of Pipes 277, 635-638 of Metals in a Refrigerating System 587 Oxygen, Absorption by Water. . 316 Corrosion Caused by D issol ved 576 Cylinders 188, 521, 625 P Pacific Couplings, Boston Casing, "NATIONAL" (see Boston Casing," NATIONAL" Pacific Couplings). 694 Index Packer (Definition) 499 Water (Definition) 515 Packing (Definition) 499 Tube (Definition) 512 Painting Pipe 107 Poles 118 Palliation for Troublesome Sub- stances in Boilers. .276, 635, 638 Patterson Head (Definition) . . . 499 Pecks to Dekaliters 462, 467 Liters 467 Peened Flange Joint 167, 499 Peening (Definition) 499 Penn Casing, South (see South Penn Casing, "NATIONAL") Penstock (Definition) 499 Perfect Threads 208 Perforated (Definition) 499 Perkins Joint (Definition) 499 Pet Cock (Definition) 500 Petit's Joint (Definition) 500 Phosphorus in Pipe Steel 10 "SHELBY" Seamless Steel Tubes 16, 18, 19, 591 Physical Properties of Boiler Tubes . . .17, 99, 100, 101, 102, 591, 625 Carbonic Acid 209 Converse Lock Joint Pipe, "NATIONAL" 93,625 Gases 314-316 Matheson Joint Pipe, "NATIONAL" 91,625 Pipe, Standard 90, 625 Steel 10 "SHELBY" Seamless Steel Tubes 16-19, 59 1 Tubular Goods 10 Signal Pipe 96, 625 Physical Reasons for Corrosion. 559 Piece, Extension (Definition) . . . 490 Piercing Process 14 Piezometer. t /. .U'WiiJF. w.:, .%).:, 291 Piles, Butted and Strapped. . . . 165 Pillars 'if Y* v^ r ''' 244 Pilot (Definition) 500 Pipe (Definition) 500 Air Bound 284 Line (see Air Line Pipe, "NATIONAL") Ammonia (see Ammonia Pipe, "NATIONAL"; Annealing of 10 Approximate Formula for Flow of Water in 280 Area of 58-65, 419-459, 610-620, 648-651 Factors 373~37S Autogenous Welding of "NATIONAL" ("NATIONAL" Bulle- tin No. 26) 655, 656, 660 Pipe Bend, (Definition) 500 Bends 162-163, 627 Wrought, Radii of 162, 627 Bending Machine (Defini- tion) 5 oo Properties of Rectangu- lar 67, 609 Square 66, 609 Black, Standard, " NATIONAL" (see Pipe, Standard," NATIONAL *') Branch (Definition) 482 Breeches (Definition) 482 in Buildings, Large, "N ATIONAL" (" NATIONAL ' ' Bulletin No. 25) 655, 656, 659-660 Bump Joint 165-166 Bursting Tests. .212-226, 630-634 Butt-weld, Process of Manu- facture 9 Butted and Strapped Joint. 164-165 Capacities 301, 303, 4.19-459, 648-651 Discharge, Relative of Double Extra Strong. . . . 646 Extra Strong 644-645 Standard. . iWOJvtfvft 306-3 09 Factors 423 Card Weight (Definition) 483 Circumferences. .419-459, 648-651 Areas and Surfaces for Double Extra Strong .... 650 Extra Strong 649 Standard 648 Clamp (Definition) 500 Water (Definition) 515 Coating for, "NATIONAL" 91, 94, 107, 108, 109, 485, 625 Collapsing Pressures of 227-243 Columns, Double Extra Strong 249 Extra Strong 247-248 Radius of Gyration 244 Safe Loads for 244-249 Slenderness Ratio 244 Standard 245 Strength of 244 Tests on 230 Comparison of Internal Fluid Pressure Formulae for 218-219 Condensation in 348 Conduit (Definition) 485 Contents of, per Foot Length . 301 Converse Lock Joint, "NATIONAL" (see Converse Lock Joint Pipe, "NATIONAL") Corrosion (see Corrosion) Coupling (Definition) (see also Joint) 500 Coverings, Steam 348-350, 500 Cutter (Definition) 500 Index 695 Pipe, Dead End of (Definition) 487 Die (Definition) 500 Dies 10-1 1 Dip (Definition) 487 Discharge Capacities of gvLtefoH- Double Extra Strong 646 Extra Strong 644-645 Standard 306-309 Dog (Definition) 500 Double Extra Strong (see Double Extra Strong Pipe, "NATIONAL") Drifted and Reamed (see Reamed and Drifted Pipe, "NATIONAL") Drill (see Drill Pipe, "NATIONAL") Drilling Purposes, "NATIONAL" Pipe for ("NATIONAL" Bulletin No. 15) . . 655, 656, 658 Drive (Definition) (see also Drive Pipe, "NATIONAL") 488 Dry (Definition) 489 Kiln (see Dry Kiln Pipe. "NATIONAL") Durability of (see Corosion) Eduction (Definition) 489 Expansion 211, 346-347, 490 External Diameter 50-56, 58-65, 610-620 Extra Strong (see Extra Strong Pipe, "NATIONAL") Facts about "NATIONAL," Plain 56i-575 Feed, Sizes, Gas Quantities etc., for Gas Engines. . . . 647 and Fittings Trade, Glossary of Terms Used in 477-516, 654 Fittings (Definition) 500 Flanged 167, 491 Flanges, Extra Heavy 169, 175 Standard 169, 176 Flanging and Bending (see Flanging and Bending, Pipe for) Flow of Air in , .357-364 Gas 317-324 Steam 341-346 Water 277-290 Fluid Pressures for, Internal 630-634 Full Weight (Definition) 492 Galvanized (see Pipe, Stand- ard, "NATIONAL") Gas 167 for House Service 319-320 Lines, "NATIONAL" Plain End, for 600-608 General Notes 21, 671 Grief (Definition) 654 Grip (Definition) 501 or Grief (Definition) .... 654 Pipe, Hanger (Definition) 501 House Service. . . .285, 317, 319-320 Hydraulic, "NATIONAL " . . 597 Hydrostatic Test Pressures (see Test Pressures) Industry, Development of (see also "NATIONAL" Bulletin No. H..655, 656,657) 7 Inspection and Test 13, 14, 20 Internal Diameter, Sizes, Weight per Foot 46-49 Feed (Definition) 494 Fluid Pressures for Double Extra Strong 633 Extra Strong 632 Standard 631 Iron 7, 12, 106, 211, 223-226, 347, 630-634 Joint (see Joint) Kent's Formula for Discharge of Steam from 344 Kimberley (see Kim- berley Joint Pipe, "NATIONAL" Ladders 183-186 Lap-welded, Process of Man- ufacture .;."': 7 in Large Buildings, "NATIONAL" (" NATION AL " Bulletin No. 25 655, 656, 659-660 Large O. D., Plain Ends, "NATIONAL" 598-599 Lead Joint (see Converse Lock Joint Pipe , "NATIONAL"; Kim- berley Joint Pipe, "NATIONAL," and Matheson Joint Pipe, "NATIONAL") Lined (Definition) 496 Length of, for One Square Foot of Surf ace. 3 8-4 1, 57, 596 Line (Definition) (see also Line Pipe," NATIONAL" 501 Lines, Materials for 585 Literature about "NATIONAL" ....-, .655-670 Loss of Air Pressure in 359 of Head by Friction in 286-290, 639-643 Mains Materials for 585 Corrosion in 584 Manufacture 7-20 Marking of "NATIONAL" . . 20 Matheson Joint, "NATIONAL" (see Matheson Joint Pipe, "NATIONAL") Maximum and Mean Velocity in 292 Mean Velocity of Flow in 280-283 696 Index Pipe Moment of Inertia of 58-65, 119, 419-459, 610-620 "NATIONAL" (see the Va- rious Types of Pipe) Characteristics of ("NATIONAL" Bulletin No. 12) 655, 656, 658 History, Characteristics and The Advantages of ("NATIONAL" Bulletin No. n) 655, 656, 657 Literature about 655-670 Plain Facts about SOi-575 Products, List of 518-519 Uses of 541-546 Nipples 168, 171-173, 627 Nominal Internal Diameters, Weights per Foot : 46-49 Outside Diameters, Weights per Foot... 50-56 Offset (Definition) 499 O. D., Large, Plain Ends, "NATIONAL" 598-599 Oxidation in 277, 635-638 Painting IO 7 Pitting of (see Corrosion). Plain Ends, for Gas Lines, "NATIONAL" 600-608 Large O. D., "NATIONAL" 598-599 Mill Practice, Measurement67i Facts about "NATIONAL" 56i-575 Plug (Definition) . , . . . { ^\ . r 502 Plugged and Reamed (see Reamed and Drifted Pipe, "NATIONAL"). Poles 109-157, 626 Pressures, Internal Fluid, 222-226, 630-634 Products, List of, "NATIONAL" 518-519 Properties of, 58-65, 419-459, 610-620, 648-651 Materials fe iQ Quantity of Water Discharged Through.... 278 Radius of Gyration, 58-65, 419-459, 610-620 Railings 177-182 for Railway Signal Service "NATIONAL" ("NATIONAL" Bulletin No. 22) .655, 656, 659 Random Lengths, Mill Prac- tice, Measurement of 671 Reamed and Drifted, "NATIONAL" (see Reamed and Drifted Pipe, "NATIONAL"). Rectangular, 45, 67, 87-88, 184-185, 609 Pipe, for Refrigerating Systems, "NATIONAL" ("NATIONAL" Bulletin No. 5). 655, 656, 662 Relative Corrosion of (see Corrosion) Discharge Capacities of Double Extra Strong. . . . 646 Extra Strong 644-645 Standard 306-309 Rifled (Definition) 504 Ring, Drive (Definition) 488 Rise of Steel 588 "NATIONAL" Bulletin No. 24 655, 656, 659 Riser (Definition) 504 Roller (Definition) 501 Rotary (see Special Rotary Pipe, "NATIONAL"). Rust (see Corrosion). S (Definition) 508 Section Modulus. . .58-65, 610-620 Service (Definition) 505 Service (see Corrosion). Signal (Definition) (see Signal Pipe, "NATIONAL").. 506 Service, "NATIONAL" Pipe for Railway ("NATIONAL" Bul- letin No. 22). . . 655, 656, 659 Siphon (Definition) 507 Size 21, 208-209 Socket (Definition) 507 Soil (Definition) 507 Special Ammonia (see Ammo- nia Pipe, "NATIONAL"). Rotary (see Special Rotary Pipe, "NATIONAL"). Specifications (see Specifica- tions). Square. 45, 66, 85-86, 184-186, 609 Stand (Definition) 508 Standard (Definition) (see Standard Pipe) 508 Stay (Definition) 501 Steam (see Standard Pipe). Condensation in Bare 348 Coverings 348-350 Expansion of 346-347 Flow of, in 342 Loss of Heat from 348-350 Sizes of, for Engines 347 Steel, Annealing 10 Bursting Tests .212-226, 630-634 Chemical and Physical Analysis 10 Corrosion (see Corrosion). Expansion of Steam 347 Manufacture of 7-20 Protective Coatings for. .106, 625 Rise of ("NATIONAL" Bulletin No. 24), 588, 655, 656, 659 Thermal Expansion of 211 Index 697 Pipe Stock (Definition) 501 Strength Factor of. .58-65, 610-620 Under Internal Pressure, 212-226, 630-634 of Weld of Commercial. ... 226 Supply of Gas Through 317 Surface of 57 per Foot of Length, 419-459, 648-651 Tail (Definition) 510 Terms Used in Trade. 47 7-516, 654 Test Pressures of (see Test Pressures). Thickness of. 22-45, 46-56, 57, 58-65, 502-608, 610-620, 630-634, 648-651 Briggs' Standard 208 Formula for Under Col- lapsing Pressures . . . 228-231 Thread (Definition) 501 Briggs' Standard 208-209 Depth of 209 Used by National Tube Company 21 Threading (see also Thread- ing) 10, 21 Literature about 66 1 Threads and Couplings, Mill Practice , Measurement of 671 Only, Mill Practice, Mea- surement of 671 Tin Lined (Definition) 511 Tongs (Definition) 501 Trade Usage 21, 671 Tuyere (see Tuyere Pipe, ''NATIONAL"). Uses of "NATIONAL". . .541-546 Velocity, Maximum and Mean, in 292 Vise (Definition) 501 Volume 419-459 Water Hammer in 168, 284, 515 Weight 21 Factors 376-378 per Foot 21-56, 58-65, 379-459, 592-608, 611-623 of Water in Foot Lengths of 303 Welded, Manufacture of, 7-14, 89-90, 625 Specifications (see Specifica- tions). Welding, "NATIONAL" Plain End, for 600-608 Autogenous, of "N AT I ON AL" ("NATIONAL" BulletinNo.26).655, 656, 660 Wrench (Definition) 501 Wrought Nipples 171-172, 627 Yield Point Tests on Com- mercial 222, 630-634 Piping (Definition) 501 Pitch (Definition) 501 of Threads, Briggs' Standard . 208 291 671 Pitot Tube, Flow Measurement . Pitting (see Corrosion). Pittsburgh Formula for Dis- charge of Gas Plain End (Definition) Mill Practice, Measure- ment of Pipe Pipe for Gas Lines, "NATIONAL" 600-608 "NATIONAL" Large O D 598-599 Facts about "NATIONAL" Pipe 56i-575 Standard Fittings 168 Planting Poles no Plates, Steel Tubes Made from . 15 Plug (Definition) 501 Cock (Definition) 502 Fire (Definition) 491 Gage (Definition) 502 Pipe (Definition) 502 Signal Pipe 96, 97, 625 Socket (Definition) 507 Tap (Definition) 502 Tube (Definition) 512 Water (Definition) 515 Plugged and Reamed Pipe (see Reamed and Drifted Pipe, "NATIONAL"). Plunger Forgings 195 Poisson's Ration 215 Polar Moment of Inertia. 257, 420, 422 Pole Drill (Definition) 502 Pole's Formula for Flow of Gas 317 Poles, Anchor 109 Assembling 111,115 Bending Stresses 117,626 British Standard 109 Butt Section 118-157 Center 109 Coating 118,626 Column Strength 117,626 Crippling 116, 626 Customary Sizes 109 Deflection Due to Load, 112, 113, 119-157, 198 Limit 112 Versus Weight 113 Dimensions of 118-157 Dog Guards for 113-114 Drop Test 116,119 Elastic Limit in Extra Strong Pipe for, in, 118-157 Flag. 115 Foundations no Height 1 10 Joint in, 115, 116, 119, 626 Length 109, 120-157 of Trolley Poles 198 Literature about 661 Loads 117, 110-157, 198, 626 Manufacture in 698 Index Poles, Modulus of Elasticity. . . 112 Odd Sizes in Painting 118 Planting no Seamless Trolley, " SHELBY" 197-198 Section Length no, 120-157 Service Conditions. . . .116-118, 626 Set Limits 112, 116, 119, 626 Sizea$7d, IU A. W 109, 120-157 Sleeves for 114 Snow Load 117-118, 626 Span Wire 109 Special Sizes . . . . j-j I it il lasl in Specifications 112, 119,625 Standard in, 118-157,626 Stiffness no, 111-113 Strength no, in, 113 of Joints 115-116 of Material in Stresses 117, 197,626 Tables 118-157 Telegraph no Testing 114, IIQ Thickness 118-157 Trolley 197-198 Tubular Steel,"NATIONAL" (" NATIONAL " Bulletin No. 14). . 655, 656, 661 Use of Standard Pipe.in, 118-157 Weight no, 113, 120-157, 198 Wind Loads 116-118, 626 Yield Point 112 Pop (Definition) 502 Cylinder Heads 189-190 Pope Joint (Definition) 502 Posts 244 Pots, Annealing 190 Pounds Avoirdupois to Kilograms, 462, 468, 472 Kilograms per Square Mili- meter to Pounds per Square Inch 653 Kilos per Linear Meter to Pounds per Linear Foot . 652 per Linear Foot to Kilos per Linear Meter 652 per Square Inch to Heads. 274, 310 per Square Inch to Kilograms per Square Milimeter.. . . 653 and Tons, Comparison of Various 472 Troy to Kilograms. . .462, 468, 472 of Water, Equivalents 311 Pouring Clamp (Definition) .... 502 Power, Horse, per Hour for Gas, Gasoline and Steam En- gines, Comparison of Fuel per 647 Required to Thread, Twist and Split Mild Steel and Wrought Iron Pipe, 561, 562, 563 Power, of a Running Stream. . . 297 Fall of Water 297 of Water Heads 299 Powers of Numbers, Tables. .365-366 Pratt and Whitney Gages 21, 209 Pressed Flange (Definition) .... 502 Forged (Definition) 502 Pressure, Air ..dJai&Ji k ...... 273, 352 Collapsing 227-243 Dalton's Law 315 Drop in Steam Lines 342-346 Equivalents of Water and Mercury 310 External Fluid 227-243 Extra Heavy 168 Factors, Internal Fluid. . . .220-221 Formulae, Comparison of In- ternal Fluid 218-219 Gas 3i4,3i5 High, Flow of Gas in Pipes. 3 20-3 2 5 Hydraulic. ..-JJ.'iflJwU; 168 Ice and Snow 118, 274, 626 Internal Fluid for Boiler Tubes and Flues 634 Factors. 220-221 for Pipe, Double Extra Strong 633 Extra Strong 632 Standard 630-631 Strength of Tubes, Pipes, and Cylinders Under, 212-226. 630-634 Joint (Definition) 502 Loss of, in Pipes -359~36o Low, Flow of Gas in Pipes. 3 17-3 20 Steam in Heating Lines ... 345 Mains, Materials for 585 Marine Law 229-230 Medium 168, 498 Permissible for Tubes under Marine Law 229-230 Standard (Definition) 167, 508 Steam 327~333 Strength of Tubes, Pipes, and Cylinders Under Inter- nal Fluid. . . . 221-226, 630-634 Test, Hydrostatic of Pipe (see Test Pressures). Volume Air Low 357 and Temperature of Air ... 352 Water 273-274, 277, 310 Working 167-168 Priming, Remedy for 276 Processes Used in Manufacture (see also Manufacture) .... 7-20 Stiefel (Definition) 509 Products, List of " KEWANEE ' ' 522-540 "NATIONAL" 518-519 "SHELBY" 520-521 Properties of Air 352-356 Beams and Column Sec- tions 250-267 Bending Rectangular Pipe . .67, 609 Index 699 Properties 'of, Bending Square Pipe. ." 66, 609 Carbonic Acid 209-210 Gas 314-316 Ice 274 Materials Used for Welded Pipe 9-10 Seamless Tubes and Tubing ("SHELBY") 15-19 Pipe, 58-65, 419-459, 610-620, 648-651 Steel, Physical . ic^ Saturated Steam 3 2 9~333 Screw Threads 370 "SHELBY" Seamless Steel Tubing 16-19, 199-207 Snow 274 Solid Bams 250-267 Steam 327-340 Superheated Steam 339~340 Tubes and Round Bars, Table 419-459, 648-651 Tubular Beams 250-267 Water 272-275 Physical of Carbonic Acid 209 of Pipe 10 "SHELBY" Seamless Steel Tubes 16-19, 591 Protecting Caps for Valves 194 Protection of Threads 90, 98 Protective Coatings 106-107 Protector (Definition) 502 Publications of National Tube Company 655-670 Pulling Tests 10 Pump Column Flange (Defini- tion) 502 Reinforced (Definition) 503 Pump, Sand (Definition) 505 Pumping Engines, Measure- ment of Discharge by Means of Nozzles 293 Purification of Boiler Water. .635-638 Quantities of Gas, Feed Pipe Sizes, etc., for Gas Engines 647 Quantity of Water Discharged 278 Quarts, Dry to Liters 462,467 Liquid to Liters 462, 466 R Radial Stress in Tube Wall. ..212-213 Radiation from Steam Pipes . . . 348 Radiator (Definition) 502 Valve (Definition) 502 Radii of Pipe Bends 162,627 Radius, Hydraulic 281-282 of Bend (Definition) 502 of Gyration of Columns 244 Pipe 58-65,419-459, 610-620, 648-651 Radius of Gyration, Seamless Tubes ("SHELBY"), 206-207, 419-459, 648-651 Pipe Bends 162,627 Railing Fittings (Definition) . . . 503 Railings of Pipe, Hand 177-182 Rails, Free on (Definition) 492 Railway Poles 109 Signal Ass'n. Spec, for Signal Pipe 06,625 Service, "NATIONAL" Pipe for ("NATIONAL" Bulletin No. 22) 655, 656, 659 Raised Face (Definition) 503 Rake, Threading Dies 10 Ram Water 168, 284 Random Lengths (Definition) . . 503 Mill Practice, Measurement of Pipe 671 Ratio for Columns, Slenderness. 244 Poisson's 215 Reactions of Supports of Beams 252 Reamed (Definition) 503 and Drifted Pipe, "NATIONAL" (Defini- tion) 503 "NATIONAL" Bulletin No. 18 655, 656, 658 Section of Joint 79 Test Pressures 73 Weights and Dimensions.. . 35 Reamer, Under (Definition). . . . 513 Reaming Ammonia Pipe 98,625 Standard Pipe 90, 625 Receiver Filling Valve (Defini- tion) 503 Recess Calking (Definition) .... 483 Recessed (Definition) 503 Rectangular Pipe, Bending Properties of 67, 609 Ladders 184, 185, 609 Sections of 87-88, 609 Weights and Dimensions.. 45, 609 Tanks, Table of, Capacities 305 Redrawn Pipes, Bursting Tests 225-226 Reducer (Definition) 503 Reducing Taper Elbow (Defi- nition) 503 Tee (Definition) 503 Valve (Definition) 503 Reference Books on Corro- sion 12,553-590 Reflux Valve (Definition) 503 Refrigerating Systems, Corro- sion in 583, 584, 587 "NATIONAL" Pipe for ("NATIONAL" Bulle- tin No. 5) 655, 656, 662 Oxidation of Metals in 587 Regrinding Valves, "N. T. C." ("NATIONAL" Bulletin No. 7) 655, 656, 669 700 Index Reinforced Pump Column Flange (Definition) 503 Reinforcing Clamp, ' 'NATIONAL ' ' Converse Lock Joint Pipe 109 "NATIONAL" Matheson Joint Pipe 108 Relative Corrosion of Iron and Steel (see also Corrosion), 553-590, 655, 656, 662 Discharge Capacities of Pipe Double Extra Strong 646 Extra Strong 644-645 Standard 306-309 Relief Valve, Exhaust (Defini- tion) 489 Remedy for Troublesome Sub- stances in Boilers. . .276, 635-638 Repairing Poles 114 Research Tests of Pole Joints. . 116 Bursting 212-226, 630-634 Carbonic Acid 209 Collapse 227-243 Corrosion 12, 553~59O Elasticity 112, 113 Expansion 211 Reservoir (Definition) 503 Resistance Due to Bends, En- trance and Valves 169, 324 Air 364 Gas 324 Steam 346 Water 283-284 of Pipe to Internal Pres- sure 212-226, 630-634 External Pressure. . .227-243 to Slipping of Boiler Tubes. . 210 Resisting Moment of Beams . . . 253 Results of Corrosion Investiga- tions 568-569 Tests 579-590 Return Bend (Definition) 504 Close (Definition) 485 Open (Definition) 499 with Back Outlet (Defini- tion) 504 Elbow (Definition) 504 Ribbed Tube (Definition) 504 Riedler Joint (Definition) 504 Rifled Pipe (Definition) 504 Ring (Definition) 504 Drive Pipe (Definition) 488 Expansion (Definition) 490 Gage (Definition) 492 Tests 102 Union 169, 504 Rise of Steel Pipe 588 "NATIONAL" Bulletin No. 24 655,656,659 Riser Pipe (Definition) 504 River Dog (Definition) 504 Sleeve (Definition) 504 Rivet Spacing, Pipe Joints. . . 165-166 Riveted Bump Joints 165-166 Butted and Strapped Joints, 164-165 Flange (Definition) 504 Rivets, Signal Pipe 96,97, 625 Rix's Formula for Discharge of Gas 321 Rod (Definition) 504 Sucker (Definition) 509 Rods, Diamond Drill, "SHELBY" Seamless 104-105, 625 Roebling Wire Gage 369 Rolled Boiler Tube Joints, Slipping Point of 210-211 Steel Flange (Definition) .... 504 Roller, Pipe (Definition) 501 Roots, Fifth, Table of 365-366 Rose Head (Definition) 654 Rotary Pipe, "NATIONAL" Special (see Special Rotary Pipe, "NATIONAL") Round Bars and Tubes, Table of Properties of .419-459, 648-651 Cylinder Heads 189-190 Rubber and Lead Joint (Defi- nition) . 496 Run (Definition) 504 Rungs, Ladder 183-186 Runner, Lead Joint (Defini- tion) 496 Runners, Pipe 183-186 Running Stream, Horse Power 297 Rust in Galvanized Iron Water Service Pipes (see also Cor- rosion) 557 Joint (Definition) 505 S Pipe (Definition) 508 Saddle (Definition) 505 Flange (Definition) 505 Safe End (Definition) 505 Ends (see Boiler Tubes). Internal Pressure for Tubes, 2 2O-22 I Loads for Extra Strong Pipe Columns 247-248 Double Extra Strong Pipe 249 Standard Pipe 245-246 Safety Factors for Static Loading 268 Variable Loading 268-270 Railings 177-182 Working Fiber Stress 268-270 Salt in Feed Water 277, 635-638 Water, Corrosion in 555-556 Sand Line (Definition) 505 Pump (Definition) 505 Saturated Steam (see Steam, Saturated). Saturation Point of Vapors. ... 315 Scale in Boilers 276, 635-638 Sealer, Tube (Definition) 512 Index 701 Scarf Weld (Definition) . . Scraper, Tube (Definition) 505 512 Screw (Definition) 505 Down Valve (Definition) .... 505 Long (Definition) 496 Follower (Definition) 497 Temper (Definition) 511 Threads, Dimensions of 371 Franklin Institute 370-372 Properties of 370 Sellers' 370-372 Standard Pipe 208 U. S. Standard 370-372 Screwed (Definition) 505 Fittings, Cast Iron 168 Malleable Iron 168 Flanges 167 Joints 167 Pipe.'. 167 Scruples, Apothecaries to Milli- liters 466 Sea Water 273 Corrosion in 555~556 Seamless Steel Tubes and Tub- ing, "SHELBY." Annealing of 17, 19, 20 Area of Wall 200-201 Axles 193 Boiler Tubes (see Boiler Tubes) Bursting Tests 223-225 Capacity per Lineal Foot . . 200-203 Chemical Analysis 16-19, 59* Cold Finish 15 Composition 15-19, 59i Cream Separator Bowls 103-104, 625 Cylinders 15,188 Cupping Process 15 Definition of Seamless 505 Diameters 199 Diamond Drill Rods . . 104-105, 625 Displacement 199 Expanded 158 Expansion of 211 External Volume 199 Hose Moulds 105-106, 625 Poles 105,625 Hot Finish 14 Impact Tests 16 Inside Surface per Lineal Foot 206-207 Inspection 20 Lineal Feet per Square Foot of Outside Surface 199 Literature about 666-667 Locomotive Boiler Tubes (see Boiler Tubes) Manufacture of 14 and Use of ("NATIONAL" Bulletin No. 17) 655, 656, 666 Materials Used in Manu- facture 15, 591 Merchant and Marine Boiler Tubes (see Boiler Tubes) Seamless Steel Tubes and Tub- ing, "SHELBY"." Moment of Inertia 204-2015 Nickel Steel 19 Outside Diameter of 199 Surface per Lineal Foot. . . 199 Products, List of 520-521 Uses of 547-551 Properties of. . .16-19, 199-207, 591 Radius of Gyration 206-207 Rectangular Tubing 196, 609 Section Modulus 204-205 Sectional Area of Wall 200-201,373-375,419-459 Specialties 192-196 Angular 196 Automobile <,/{ 193 Bent 195 Cream Separator 194 Cylinder 194 Miscellaneous 195 Socket Wrench 196 Tapered 196 Specifications 625 Square Tubing 196, 609 Strength of. . . .16-19,223-225,591 Surface of 199 Swaged 195 Temper of 16-19, 591 Tensile Strength 16-19, 59 1 Tests 20 Thermal Expansion 211 Trolley Poles 197-198 Universal Joint Sleeve 195 Upset and Expanded 158-161 Uses of 547-551 Volume of 199 Seat, Valve (Definition) 514 Second, Foot 312 Sectional Area, Tubes 373~375 Pipe 58-65, 419-459, 610-620, 648-651 Rectangular Pipe 45, 67, 609 Seamless Tubing "SHELBY" 200-201 Sections 264-267 Square Pipe 45, 66, 609 Tubes and Round Bars 419-459, 648-651 Section Length of Poles, .no, 120-157 Modulus of Beams 254 Pipe 58-65,610-620 Rectangular Pipe 67, 609 "SHELBY " Seamless Tub- ing 204-205 Square Pipe 66, 609 of Joints (see Joint). Sections of Beams for Minimum Weight 255-256 Columns, Tables of, Proper- ties of 264-267 Rectangular Pipe 87-88, 609 Square Pipe 85, 86, 609 702 Index Security, Margin of 268 of Tubes in Tube Sheet 210 Sediment in Boiler Water 276, 63^-638 Sellers' Thread. 370-372, 505 Semi Steel (Definition) 505 Separator Bowls 103, 194,625 Service Box (Definition) 505 Clamp (Definition) 505 Conditions, Poles 116, 626 Durability of Welded Pipe in (" NATIONAL" Bulletin No. 3) 655,656,662 Ell (Definition) 505 Pipe, Flow of Gas in 319, 505 Flow of Water in House . . . 285 Railway Signal, "NATIONAL" Pipe for ("NATIONAL" Bulletin No. 22)655.656,659 Tee (Definition) 505 Set Limits for Poles. 112, 116, 119, 626 Sewage in Boiler Water. .276, 635-638 Shaft Bearing 195 Shapes of Cylinder Heads. . . . 189-190 Shear of Beams, Vertical 250,251,254,257-263 Sheet Cutter Tube (Definition) . 512 Metal Gages in Decimals of an Inch 369 Stay Tube (Definition) 512 Tube (Definition) 512 ''SHELBY" Seamless (see Seamless Steel Tubes and Tubing "SHELBY", also Product in Question). Shells for Boilers 194 Sherardizing (Definition) 506 Shipment, Converse Lock Joint Pipe, "NATIONAL "94, 109, 625 Matheson Joint Pipe, "NATIONAL" 92, 625 Tubes for Cream Separator Bowls 103,625 Diamond Drill Rods . . .105, 625 Hose Poles and Molds . 106, 625 Shoe (Definition) 506 Casing (Definition) 484 Drive (Definition) 488 Shop Joint of Poles 115 Short Nipple. . .171-172,174,506,628 Ton Equivalents 462, 472 Shot Drill (Definition) 506 Shoulder Nipple (Definition) . . . 506 Shrunk Joint (Definition) 506 Siamese Connection (Definition) 506 Sickle Rule of Flow of Steam 342345 Side Outlet Ell (Definition) 506 Tee (Definition) 506 Siemen's Joint (Definition) .... 506 Signal Pipe (Definition) 506 Specification 96, 625 and Interlocking Systems, Durability of Steel and Iron Wrought Pipes in . 581-582 Signal Service, Railway, "NATIONAL" Pipe for ("NATIONAL" Bulletin No. 22) ......... 655, 656, 659 Thread (Definition) ......... 506 Single Offset Pipe Bends ..... 163, 627 Riveted Bump Joints ...... 165-166 Butted and Strapped Joints, 164-165 Sinker Bar (Definition) ........ 506 Siphon (Definition) ........... 506 Pipe (Definition) ........... 507 Sizes of Feed Pipes, Gas Quan- tities, etc., Required for Engines ............ ..... 647 House Pipes for Gas ....... 319 Steam Pipes for Engines ... 347 Pipe and Tubing, Trade Prac- tice (see also Product in Question) ............. 21, 671 Skelp (Definition) ............ 507 Sleet Loads, Wind, Ice and Snow 626 Sleeve (Definition) ............ 507 Butted and Strapped Joint 164, 165 ?9le ....................... 114 River (Definition) .......... 504 Universal Joint ............. 195 Slenderness Ratio for Columns . 244 Slip Joint (Definition) ......... 507 Slipping Point of Rolled Boiler Tube Joints ............ 210-211 Smith's Coating (Definition) . . . 507 Snow and Ice Load of, on Poles .............. 117-118, 626 Properties of ........... 274 Socket (Definition) . .......... 507 Coupling (Definition) ....... 507 Half Turn (Definition) ...... 493 Horn (Definition) ........... 493 Iron (Definition) ........... 507 Joint (Definition) ........... 507 Mandrel (Definition) ........ 497 National Pole (Definition) . . . 498 Oval (Definition) ........... 499 Pipe (Definition) ........... 507 Plug (Definition) ........... 507 Widemouth (Definition) ..... 516 Wrench Forgings ........... 196 Soft Solder (Definition) ........ 507 Soil Pipe (Definition) ......... 507 Solder (Definition) ............ 507 Hard (Definition) ..." ...... 493 Soft (Definition) ............ 507 Solid Beams, Mechanical Properties ............. 250-267 Solubility Table of Water Impurities .............. . 635 South Penn Casing, "NATIONAL" Section of Joint ............ 83 Test Pressures ............ 71, 621 Weights and^imensions ____ 35, 595 Space for Chip in Threading Dies .................... 10-1 1 Nipple (Definition) ......... 507 Spacing of Rivets, Pipe Joints 165, 166 Index 703 Span Wire Poles 109 Special External Upset Tubing, 1 ' NATIONAL ' ' California (see California Special Ex- ternal Upset Tubing, "NATIONAL") Product (Definition) 507 Rotary Pipe, "NATIONAL" Section of Joint 79 Test Pressures : , .76 Weights and Dimensions. 34, 594 Upset Rotary Pipe, "NATIONAL." Section of Joint 79 Test Pressures 76, 623 Weights and Dimensions . 34, 594 Specialties, "KEWANEE," Literature about 669 Seamless (see Seamless Steel Tubes and Tubing, "SHELBY"). Specific Heat of Air 355 Ice 274 Saturated Steam 328 Superheated Steam 337 Water 275 Specifications 625 Ammonia Pipe, Special 98, 625 Boiler Tubes Locomotive, Lap-welded 99-100, 625 Seamless Cold Drawn IOI-IO2, 625 Merchant and Marine, Lap-welded and Seamless 100-101, 625 625 Converse Lock Joint Pipe, "NATIONAL "....93-95. Cream Separator Bowl Tubing 103-104, 625 Diamond Drill Rod Tubing 104-105,625 Flanging and Bending, Pipe for 95, 625 Hose Poles and Hose Molds Tubing 105-106, 625 Matheson Joint Pipe, "NATIONAL" 91-92, 625 Poles, Tubular Electric Line, 119,625 Signal Pipe 96-97, 625 Standard Welded Pipe. .89-90, 625 Specimens, Corrosion 562-575 Spellerizing (Definition) 507 Spherical Cylinder Heads. . . . 189-190 Spigot and Bell Joint (Defini- tion) 481 (Definition) 508 Joint (Definition) 508 Spinning (Definition) 508 Splitting, Threading and Twist- ing Wrought Iron and Mild Steel Pipe, Power Required for.. 563,661 Spot Faced (Definition) 508 Spring (Definition) 508 Spud (Definition) 508 Spun Flange (Definition) 508 Square Equivalents, Metric. .462,464 Foot of Surface 38-41, 57, 199, 419-459, 596, 648-651 Forgings, Seamless 196, 609 Heads and Nuts, Propor- tions of 370 Inch Kilograms per Square Milli- meter to Pounds per. ... 653 Pounds per, to Kilograms per Square Millimeter.. 653 Millimeter Kilograms per, to Pounds per Square Inch 653 Pounds per Square Inch to Kilograms per 653 Pipe, Bending Properties of 66, 609 Ladders 183-186, 609 Sections 85-86, 609 Weights and Dimensions. 45, 609 Tubing, "SHELBY" Seamless 609 Squib (Definition) 508 Stair Railings 177-182 Stand Pipe (Definition) 508 Standard Boiler Tubes (see Boiler Tubes). Briggs' 208, 483 Casing (see Boston Casing). Cylinder Head 189-190 Fittings 167 Flanges for Pipe 176 Franklin Institute Threads 370-372 Gage, Briggs' 168, 208 Pipe (Definition) 508 Areas, Circumferences and Surfaces for 648 Bursting Tests. 225-226, 630-634 Columns 245-246 Coupling 22, 77,90,625 Discharge Capacities, Rela- tive 306-309 Internal Fluid Pressures for 630-631 Length per Square Foot of Surface 57 Manufacture, Process of 7-14,89,625 Material 7-14, 90, 625 "NATIONAL" Section of Joint 77 Test Pressures 68, 621 Weights and Dimensions 22, 592 Physical Properties. . . 10, 90, 625 Reaming 90,625 Surface Inspection 89, 625 Thread Protection 90,625 Threading 90, 208-209, 625, 655, 656, 661 Used for Poles .111,118-158,626 704 Index Standard, Poles in, 118-157, 626 British 109 Pressure 167,508 Process and Materials Used in the Manufacture of Tubu- lar Goods 7-20 Specifications (see Specifica- tions) Threads, Briggs' 168, 208 Unions 169 Upsets 158 Valves 170 Working Barrels 187-188, 629 Standards of Water Hardness. . 636 Static Loading, Safety Factor for 268-270 Load on Poles 117, 626 Stay (Definition) 509 Pipe (Definition) 501 Tube 158,509 Tube Sheet (Definition) 512 Steam 326-350 Absolute Zero 328 Boiler Incrustation and Cor- rosion 275, 635-638 Boilers, Troublesome Sub- stances in (see also Cor- rosion) 276, 635-638 British Thermal Unit 327 Cocks 170 Condensation in Pipes 348 Coupling (Definition) 509 Drums, Corrosion of 560 Dry, Definition of 327 Engines, Comparison of Fuel per Horse Power per Hour for Gas, Gasoline and. . 647 Sizes of Pipes for 347 Entropy 329-333, 339~34Q Expansion of Pipes 346-347 Factors of Evaporation. . . .333-336 Flow of 341-346 into Atmosphere 341 from Orifices 341 in Low Pressure Heating Lines .<&aS. bJuH J^nai . . 345 in Pipes 342-346 Heat 327-340 Kent's Formula for Discharge of, from Pipes 344 Latent Heat of 327 Loss of Heat from Pipes 348 Mechanical Equivalent of 328 Pipe Coverings 348-350 Pipes, Sizes of, for Engines . . 347 Pressure 327-333 Properties of 327-333 Radiation from Pipes 348 Resistance Due to Entrance, Bends and Valves 346 Saturated, Definition of 327 Properties of, Table 329-333 Specific Heat of 328 Steam, Saturated, Total Heat of 327 Volume of 328 Sizes of Pipes for Engines 347 Superheated, Advantages of . 338 Definition of 327 Properties of 339~34Q Specific Heat of 337 Volume of 337 Temperature and Pressure of 327-329-333 Total Heat of Water. .327, 329-333 Vaporization, Heat of 327 Velocity in Pipe 347-348 of Flow into Atmosphere, 341-342 Volume Saturated 328 Superheated 337 Weight 329-333 Wet, Definition of 327 Zero, Absolute 328 Steamboat Inspection of Tubes . 229 Steamer's Measurement (Defi- nition) 509 Steel Analysis 10, 16-19, 59 1 Bessemer 10, 211 Corrosion (see also Corrosion) 12-13, 106, 553-590 Ferro (Definition) 490 Flange, Rolled (Definition) . . 504 Modulus of Elasticity 112, 257 Nickel 19 Open Hearth 10, 211 Pipe (see Pipe) and Tubing, Weight in Pounds per Lineal Foot. .379-418 Plates, Seamless Tubes Made from 15 Poles (see Poles) 109-157, 626 Trolley 197-198 Semi (Definition) 505 Tubes, Seamless, "SHELBY" (see also Tubes) 15-19 Weight Factors for 376-378 Stem. Valve (Definition) 514 Stewart's Formula for Collapsing Pressures 22; Tests 227-229 Stiefel Process (Definition) 509 Stiffness of Beams 255 Poles 110-113 Stock, Pipe (Definition) 501 Storage of Carbonic Acid 209-210 Stove (Definite) 509 Stoved End Tubes (see Upset) . 158 Straightness, Limit 105 Straight Way (Definition) 509 Straightway Valves 169-170 Strapped and Butted Joint (Definition) 483 Pipe 164-165 Stream, Power of Running. ... 297 Street Elbow (Definition) 509 Street Mains Autogenous Welding of 586 Index 705 Street Mains, Autogenous Weld- ing of, "NATIONAL" Bulletin No. 26. .. . 655, 656, 660 Corrosion in. . .585-586, 589-590 Materials for 585 Street Poles 109-157, 626 Strength, Beams 254-255 Bolts 371-372 Bumped Heads 190 Columns 244 Commercial/Tubes Internal Pressure 212-226,630-634 Cylinder 212-226, 630-634 Heads 189-192 Dished Heads 191 Factor, for Pipe. . . .58-65, 610-620 Q, (Definition) 610 of Pipe Steel 10 to Resist External Fluid Pressure 227-243 Under Internal Pressure, 212-226, 630-634 Tubes, Internal Pressure, Barlow's Formula, 214, 218, 219, 223-226, 630-634 Birnie's Formula, 217-219, 221, 223, 224, 630-634 Claverino's Formula, 215-220, 222-224, 630-634 Common Formula 213-214,218-219, 224, 630-634 Lame's Formula. .215, 218, 219 Testsof 68-76, 223, 225, 630-634 Pole no, in, 115, 120-157, 626 Joints 115,116 Rectangular Pipe 67, 609 Rolled Tube Joints 210, 211 Seamless Steel Tubes "SHELBY" 16-19 Trolley Poles"SHELBY"i97-i98 Square Pipe 66, 609 Steel 223, 630-634 Under Thrust or Compression, Columns (see Collapse also) 244 Weld 226.630-634 Stresses, Beams, Tensile and Compressive .257-263 Bending .117,626 Collapsing 227-243 Column 244 Combined 117,626 Internal Fluid Pressure 212-226,630-634 Poles "SHELBY". . . .117, 197, 626 Safe Working, in Materials 268, 270 Shearing, in Beams 250 Tensile, in Beams 250 Trolley Pole 197 Tube Wall, Nature of 212 Wind 117,626 Strong, Double Extra (Defi- nition) (see also, Double Extra Strong) 488 Strong, Extra (Definition) (see also Extra Strong) 490 Strum (Definition) 509 Struts 244 Stubb's Gage 369 Sturteyant Rule for Flow of Air 359 Sub Nipple (Definition) 509 Sucker Rod (Definition) 509 Sulphates in Boiler Water 275-276,635-638 Sulphur in Pipe Steel 10 Seamless Tubes ("SHELBY") ..16,18,19,591 Summary of Corrosion In- vestigations 568-569 "NATIONAL" Bulletins. ... 656 Superheated Steam (see Steam Superheated). Supervising Inspectors 101,229-230,625 Supply of Gas Through Pipes. . . 317 Supports, Beam 252, 257-263 Reactions of 252 Surface Area of Pipe 58-65, 610-620, 648-651 Heating 57 Surface Area Inside, of "SHELBY" Tubing 206-207 Length of Pipe for One Square Foot of 57 of Cylinders, Table of 419-459,648-651 Surface, Outside, per Lineal Foot 199 Square Foot per Foot of Length 38-41, 419-459, 596, 648-651 Surfaces, Circumferences and Areas for Boiler Tubes and* Flues 651 Pipe, Double Extra Strong. . . 650 Extra Strong 649 Standard 648 Swaged (Definition) 509 Joints for Poles 111,115, 116 Nipple (Definition) 509 Tube Forgings 195 Sweated (Definition) 509 Sweep (Definition) 509 Tee, Double (Definition) 488 Swelled (Definition) 510 Joint Casing 27 Swing Joint (Definition) 510 Switch Valve (Definition) 510 Swivel (Definition) 510 Joint (Definition) 510 Water (Definition) 515 System, Metric 460-^476,652-653 Symbols (see Abbreviations in Glossary) 477~479, 654 Table (see Article in Question) Adiabatic Compression or Expansion of Air 355 706 Index Table, Air Line Pipe, "NATIONAL" 36, 595 Allison Vanishing Thread Tubing, "NATIONAL" ... 33 Ammonia Pipe "NATIONAL" 597 Area Factors for Tubes. .373-3 7 5 Areas, Circumferences, and Surfaces 648-651 Barrels Contained in Tanks. . 304 Bedstead Tubing, ,_:q "NATIONAL" .:;" '31 Bending Properties of Rec- tangular Pipe 67, 609 Square 66, 609 Boiler Incrustation and Cor- rosion 276, 635-638 Boston Casing "NATIONAL" Inserted Joint M--q? with Pacific Couplings. . . 28 Standard 26 Boiler Tubes Locomotive, Lap Welded, "NATIONAL" 40, 596 Seamless, "SHELBY". .38-39 Standard, Lap Welded, "NATIONAL" 41 Bursting Tests of Commercial Tubes and Pipes. . 225, 630-634 California Diamond BX Cas- ing, "NATIONAL" . 29, 593 Drive Pipe, "NATIONAL" 3 1 Special External Upset Tub- ing, ''NATIONAL". . .30, 593 Casing Nipples 174, 628 Centigrade to Fahrenheit. .473-474 Circumferences, Areas, and Surfaces. ..;...; 648-651 Coefficients of Air Discharge . . 358 Collapsing Pressures 232-243 Columns 244-249 Comparison of Fuel per Horse Power per Hour for Gas, Gasoline and Steam Engines ^ 647 Comparison, Metric Units 460-476,652-653 Various Tons and Pounds .. 472 Converse Lock Joint Pipe, "NATIONAL" 43 Conversion . .311,460-472,652-653 CylinderHeads, Thickness . 191 ,192 Decimals of a Foot .366-367 an Inch 368 Dimensions of Tubular Pro- ducts (see Product in * Question) of Screw Threads 371-372 Discharge of Air 358 Capacities, Relative, of Pipe 306-309, 644, 646 Dog Guards 114 Double Extra Strong Pipe, "NATIONAL" 25 Drill Pipe, " NATIONAL " . . 36 Table, Drive Pipe, "NATIONAL" 24 California Diamond BX, "NATIONAL".. 31 Dry Kiln Pipe,"NATIONAL" 37,596 Expansion of Steam Pipes. . . 347 External Collapsing Pressures 232-243 Steam Pressures Marine Law 229-230 Extra Strong Pipe, "NATIONAL" .; 25 Heavy Pipe Flanges 175 Factors of Evaporation 333~336 Fahrenheit to Centigrade. .474-475 Flanges, Pipe, Standard. . '..,^,.-^76 Extra Heavy 175 Fifth Roots 365-366 Flow of Air, Compressed.. .361-364 Gas in Pipes 317-319 Steam into Atmosphere ... 342 in Low Pressure Heating Lines 345 in Pipes 342-345 Water in House Service Pipes 285 Flush Joint Tubing, "NATIONAL" 32 Gas Lines, "NATIONAL" Plain End Pipe for. . .600-608 Quantities, Feed Pipe Sizes, etc., Required for Gas Engines 647 Horse Power of Water Heads . 299 per Hour for Gas, Gas- oline and Steam En- f'.nes, Comparison of uel per 647 Hydraulic Pipe, "NATIONAL" 597 Hydrostatic Test Pressures (see Test Pressures) Impurities, Water 636 Inserted Joint Casing, "NATIONAL" Boston 27 Internal Fluid Pressure 220-221, 630-634 Kimberley Joint Pipe, "NATIONAL" 44 Large O. D. Pipe, Plain Ends, "NATIONAL" 598-599 Length of Pipe for One Square Foot of Surface 57 Inches and Millimeters. .469-471 Line Pipe, "NATIONAL" 23, 592 Lines, Gas, "NATIONAL" Plain End Pipe for. . .600-608 Long Screw Nipples 1/3 Loss of Air Pressure in Pipes 359-o6o Head by Friction 286-288, 639-643 Matheson Joint Pipe, "NATIONAL" 42 Index 707 Table, Metric Conversion 460-472, 652-653 Miner's Inch Measurements. 296 O. D. Pipe, Plain Ends. "NATIONAL "Large 598-599 Oil Well Tubing, "NATIONAL" 30 Pipe Nipples, Wrought 171-173, 627 Standard, "NATIONAL" 22, 592 Plain End Pipe for Gas Lines, "NATIONAL" 600-608 Poles 119-157, 626 Pressure of Atmosphere 352 Properties of Beams 256-263 Column Sections 264-267 Pipe. . . .58-65, 610-620, 648-651 Tubes and Round Bars 419-459,648-651 Reamed and Drifted Pipe, "NATIONAL" 35 Rectangular Pipe 45, 609 Saturated Steam 329-333 Solubility 635 South Penn Casing, "NATIONAL" 35, 595 Special Rotary Pipe, "NATIONAL" 34,594 Upset 34,594 Specific Heat of Superheated Steam 337 Water 275 Square Pipe 45, 609 Standards of Hardness 636 Steam Pipe Coverings 349 Strength of Welds 226 Superheated Steam 339~340 Surfaces, Circumferences, and Areas 648-651 Tank Nipples, Wrought 173 Trolley Poles, "SHELBY" Seamless 198 Tubular Electric Line Poles 119-157, 626 Tuyere Pipe, "NATIONAL" 37,596 Upsets 160-161 Velocity of Air Under Low Pressure 357 Water Power 299 Pressure 274 Weight and Volume of Water . 272 of Air .....353-354 Factors for Steel Tubing. 3 7 7-3 7 8 of Pipe and Tubing, in Pounds per Lineal Foot 379-418 Weights and Dimensions of Tubular Products (see Product in Question) Wire and Sheet Metal Gages . 369 Working Barrels 188 Tail Pipe (Definition) *io Tank (Definition) 510 Capacity 302,304,305 Nipple 173 Tanks, Corrosion of 557 Tap (Definition). 510 Master (Definition) 497 Plug (Definition) 502 Taper Elbow, Reducing (Defi- nition) 503 Pipe Thread 208 Tapered Specialties, Seamless Steel, "SHELBY" 196 Tapped (Definition) 510 Tapping Machine (Definition) . 510 Tar, Coal, (Definition) 485 Tee (Definition) 510 Branch (Definition) 482 Bull Head (Definition) 483 Cross Over (Definition) 486 Double Sweep (Definition). . . 488 Drop (Definition) 489 Four Way (Definition) 492 Reducing (Definition) 503 Service (Definition) 505 Side Outlet (Definition) 506 Union (Definition) 513 Telegraph Cock or Faucet (Definition) 510 Poles, Tubular 109-157, 626 Telescoped (Definition) 510 Temper Screw (Definition) 511 Seamless Steel Tubes "SHELBY" 16-19,591 Temperature, Air Weight at Various 353~354 and Pressure of Steam 327 Centigrade to Fahrenheit, 473-474, 476 Compression of Gas 325 Fahrenheit to Centigrade, 474-475, 476 Pressure Volume of Air 352 Steam 327, 320-333, 339~34O Weights, Lengths, Conver- sion Chart 476 Templet (Definition) 511 Tensile Strength, Pipe Steel. . . 10, 223 Seamless Steel Tubes "SHELBY" 16-19,591 Stress Beams 250 I Terms Used in Pipe and Fittings Trade 477-516, 654 | Testimony as to Relative Cor- rosion 579-590 Test Pressures, Hydrostatic Boiler Tubes Locomotive, Lap Welded, "NATIONAL" 9; IOO, 622, 625 72,99. 100, 622, 625 Seamless, "SHELBY" 100, 625 andard, Lap Welded, "NATIONAL" 72,622 708 Index Test Pressures Casing, "NATIONAL" Boston, Inserted Joint 71 with Pacific Couplings. . . 70 Standard 70 California Diamond BX . . 71, 621 South Penn 71,621 Flues (see Boiler Tubes) Pipe, "NATIONAL" Air Line 73, 623 Ammonia 98, 623, 625 Converse Lock Joint. . 74, 93, 625 Double Extra Strong 69, 621 Drill 76 Drive 69 California Diamond BX . 76 Dry Kiln 76, 623 Extra Strong 69, 621 for Gas Lines, Plain End . 600-608 Hydraulic 597 Kimberley Joint 74 Large O. D., Plain Ends. 598-599 Line 68, 621 Air 73,623 Matheson Joint 73> 9L 625 O. D., Large, Plain Ends . 598-599 Plain End, for Gas Lines . 600-608 Large O. D 598-599 Reamed and Drifted 73 Rotary, Special 76 Upset 76,623 Signal 96, 625 Standard 68,621 Tuyere 76,623 Tubing, "NATIONAL" Allison Vanishing Thread.. 75 California Special External Upset 76,623 Flush Joint 75 Oil Well 69 Testing Boiler Tubes, Some Recent Developments in ("NATIONAL" Bulletin No. i) 655,656,664-665 Tests (see also Specifications) 89-106, 119, 625 Bursting 212-226, 630-634 Conditions for Poles 114 Collapsing 227-243 Columns 230-231 Corrosion (see Corrosion) Crushing (Definition) 487 Drop 116, 119, 625 Expanding 102,625 Holding Power of Boiler Tubes 210 Impact 16 of "KEWANEE" Unions, Some ("NATIONAL" Bulletin No. 9) . .655, 656 ,668 Mill 13-14, 20 Pipe I3~i4 20 Pole 114, 116, 119, 626 Pulling 10 Tubes and Tubing, "SHELBY" 20 Tests, Tubes Under Internal Pressure. . . 222, 223, 225, 630-634 Weld, Strength of 226, 630-634 Theorem Bernouilli, Water Power 298 Thermal Expansion of Iron and Steel 211 Pipe 346-347 Unit, British 327 Waste of Engines 338 Thermo-Dynamics 327-350 Thermometer Measures 473-476 Thickness of Cylinder Heads, Dished 191 Flat r-231'192 Pipe 22-56, 58-65, 592-620 Briggs' Standard 208 for Weight per Foot . . .379-418 Poles 118-157 Tubes 38-41, 596 Thimble (Definition) 511 Boiler (Definition) 481 Joint (Definition) 511 Threads Ammonia Cock (Definition) . . 479 Briggs' Standard. . . . .168, 208-209 Common (Definition) 485 and Couplings, Mill Practice, Measurement of Pipe. . . 671 Depth 208-209 Franklin Institute 370-372 Gage, Standard 21, 208 Valves and Fittings 168 Gas (Definition) 492 Length 208 Only, Mill Practice, Measure- ment of Pipe 671 Pipe (Definition) 501 Briggs' Standard 208-209 Protectors 90, 502, 625 Screw .....: 370-372 Sellers' 370-372, 505 Signal Pipe 96, 506 Standard Pipe 90, 625 Taper 208 U. S. Standard 370-372 V (Definition) 514 Vanishing (Definition) 514 Whitworth (Definition) 516 Wine Bore (Definition) 516 Working Barrel 187, 629 Threaded Connections 167-168 Flanges for Extra Heavy Pipe 167, 169, 175 Standard Pipe 167, 169, 176 Joints 167 Threading 10,552,557,561-562 Dies, Chasers n Chip Space on 1 1 Clearance of ; . girfalaV/* Lead on n Lip 10 Lubrication ^i7/n Distinguishing Steel from Iron Tubing by 562-563 Index 709 Threading, Pipe 10-11, 552 Literature about 66 1 Power Required to Thread, Twist, and Split Wrought Iron and Steel Pipe. . 563, 661 Three Way Elbow (Definition). 511 Tight Hand (Definition) 493 Joints, Directions for Making. 624 Tong (Definition) 511 Tin, Weight of 423 Lined Pipe (Definition) 511 Ton Equivalents 462, 472 Tong (Definition) 511 Chain (Definition) 484 Pipe (Definition) 501 Tight (Definition) 511 Tongue and Groove (Definition) 511 Tool, Calking (Definition) 483 Total Heat of Saturated Steam, 327, 329-333 Superheated Steam. . .339-340 Water. ... .327,329-333 Towl s Formula for Discharge of Gas 321 Trade Mark 20 Customs 21, 671 Term, Dictionary 477-516, 654 Trailing, Water (Definition) .... 511 Transmission Line Poles no of Compressed Air 360-364 Transverse Areas, Circumfer- ences and Surfaces for Boiler Tubes and Flues 651 Pipe, Double Extra Strong. . . 650 Extra Strong 649 Standard 648 Trautwine's Formula for Flow of Water in Pipes 280 Trenton Iron Company's Wire Gage 369 Trolley Poles (see Poles). Troublesome Substances in Boiler 276, 635-638 Troy Ounces to Grams 462, 468 Pound Equivalents 472 to Kilograms 462, 468, 472 Tube (Definition) ... 511 Annealed End (Definition) . . . 480 Area Factors for, Tables. . .373-375 Areas. . ... ... .419-459, 648-651 Beaded (Definition) 480 Bent 162, 195, 627 Boiler (Definition) 482 (see Boiler Tubes). Brick Arch (Definition) 482 Bursting Tests of. 223-226, 630-634 Capacity Factors for 423 Chemical Analysis 10, 16-19, 211, 519 Circumference 419-459, 648-651 Cleaner (Definition) 511 Cold Finished 15 Collapsing Pressures of. ... 227-243 Condenser, Preservation of . . 558 Tube, Corrosion of (see Corrosion) Cream Separator Bowl, 103-104, 194, 625 Cross (Definition) 486 Diamond Drill Rods . . 104-105, 625 Expanded 158-159 End (Definition) 489 Holding Power of 210 Expander (Definition) ....... 512 Expansion of 211 Ferrule (Definition 512 Field (Definition) 491 General Notes 21, 671 Holding Power 210 Hose Molds and Poles. 105-106, 625 Hot (Definition) 493 Finished 14 Internal Fluid Pressure for 212-226,630-634 Iron and Steel, Thermal Ex- pansion of 211 Joints, Slipping Point of Rolled Boiler 210 Lap-welded and Seamless,Up- set and Expanded 158-161 Manufacture of 7, 14-15 Locomotive Boiler (see Boiler Tubes). Merchant and Marine Ser- vice (see Boiler Tubes). Mill Inspection and Tests 13, 20 Moment of Inertia 419-459 Packing (Definition) 512 Plug (Definition) 512 Properties of, Table 419-459,648-651 Physical Properties of . 10, 16-19, 5Qi Pitot 291-292 Radius of Gyration 419-459,648-651 Ribbed (Definition) 504 Sealer (Definition) 512 Scraper (Definition) 512 Seamless (see Seamless Tubes and Tubing, "SHELBY"). Sheet (Definition) 512 Sheet Cutter (Definition) 512 Holding Power to Hold Boiler Tubes 210 Stay (Definition) 512 Size, Trade Practice 21, 671 Specifications (see Specifica- tions). Standard Boiler (see Boiler Tubes). Stay 158,509 Steamboat, Inspection of 229 Steel, Impact Test of Seam- less 16 Surface per Foot Length 419-459, 648-651 Temper, Seamless 16-19, 591 Test, Pressure (see Test Pressures, Hydrostatic), (see Tests) 13,20 710 Index Tube, Thermal Expansion of Iron ^duT and Steel 211 Thickness of 38-41, 596 Upset 158-161 Venturi aboS.lliiX] 202-293 Volume 419-459, 648-651 Wall, Nature of Stress in 212 Weight Factors for Steel. . .376-378 Weight of. .46-56,379-459,598-608 Welded, Manufacture of 7-14 Tubing (Definition) 512 Allison Vanishing Thread, "NATIONAL" Section of Joint LhloHSz Test Pressures 75 Weights and Dimensions . . 33 Bedstead. "NATIONAL" ... 31 "NATIONAL" Bulletin No. 21 655,656,659 California Special External Upset. "NATIONAL" Section of Joint 82 Test Pressures 76, 623 Weights and Dimensions 30, 593 Capacity of 200-203 Catcher (Definition) 512 Corrosion of (see Corrosion) Cream Separator Bowl 103, 625 Diamond Drill Rods 104, 625 Displacement 199 Flush Joint, "NATIONAL" Section of Joint 80 1 1 ? Test Pressures 75 Weights and Dimensions . 3 2 General Notes 21, 671 Hose Poles and Hose Molds 105, 625 Inside Surface 206-207 ! Lineal Feet per Square Foot . 199 i Moment of Inertia 204-205 i Oil Well, "NATIONAL" Section of Joint 81 i Test Pressure 69 Weights and Dimensions 30 Outside Diameter 199 Outside Surface 199 Properties of 199 Radius of Gyration of 206-207 Rectangular, "SHELBY" .... 609 Seamless, "SHELBY" (see Seamless Tubes and Tub- ing "SHELBY"). Section Modulus 204-205 Sectional Area of Wall .... 200-201 Square, "SHELBY" 609 Steel Weight Factors for. .376-378 Test Pressure (see Test Pressures, Hydrostatic). Upset, "NATIONAL" Cali- fornia Special External (Which see). Uses of "SHELBY" 547~55i Weight of 379-459, 648-651 Tubular Beams, Properties of, 250-267 Tubular Electric Line Poles (see Poles) Goods, Manufacture of 7 Goods, Weights of, 379-418, 419-459, 648-651 Steel Poles, "NATIONAL" ("NATIONAL" Bulletin No. 14) . . 655, 656, 661 Swaged Forgings 195 Turbine Engines, Corrosion of Boiler Tubes on Vessels Fitted with 560 Turn, Half, Socket (Definition). 493 Long, Fitting (Definition) . . . 497 Tuyere (Definition) 513 Cocks 170 Pipe, "NATIONAL" Test Pressures 76, 623 Weights and Dimensions. . .37, 596 Unions 170 Twisting. Threading and Splitting Wrought Iron and Mild Steel Pipe., Power Required for.. 563,661 U U Bend 163, 627 Ultimate Strength of Poles in Tensile Strength, 10, 16-19, 90. 9!-93, 98, 223, 625 Under Reamer (Definition) .... 513 Underground Corrosion (see Cor- rosion) Uniform Cross Section , Beams of 256 Union 169, 513 Boyle (Definition) 482 Brass 169 Coupling (Definition) 513 Ell (Definition) 513 Flange 169, 491 Joint (Definition) 513 "KEWANEE" (Definition) . . 495 Literature about 668-669 Lip (Definition) 496 Malleable 169 Nut 169 Pipe (Definition) 501 Ring (Definition) 504 Tee (Definition) 513 Tuyere 170 Universal . 170 Unit Heat, British Thermal 327 Metric, Equivalents of 460-472,652-653 Weight, Comparisons of 472,652-653 United States Navy Corrosion Tests 557, 559, 56o, 565-566, 589 Gallon Equivalents 300,311,312, 462, 466 Standard Thread 370-372 Wire Gage 369 Universal Joint Sleeves 195 Unions 170 Index 711 Unwin's Formula, Flow of Gas in Pipes 323 Upset (Definition) 513 Rotary Pipe, "NATIONAL" Special Section of Joint 79 Test Pressures 76,623 Weights and Dimensions. 34,594 Table of 158-161 Tubes, for Diamond Drill Rods 104, 625 Tubing <( NATIONAL' 3 Allison Vanishing Thread, Section of Joint 81 Test Pressures 75 Weights and Dimensions 33 California Special External Section of Joint 82 Test Pressures 76, 623 Weights and Dimensions 30, 593 Uses for 158 Upsetting 158 Uses of "NATIONAL" Pipe. 541-546 "SHELBY" Tubing. . . .547-551 Valves and Fittings 167-170,513,522-540 Literature about 667-670 Angle 169-170,479 Gate (Definition) 479 Back Pressure (Definition) . . . 480 Box (Definition) 514 Bracket (Definition) 482 By-pass (Definition) 483 Check. 169-170, 484 Cross (Definition) 487 Effect of, on Flow of Air 364 Gas 324 Steam 346 Water in Pipes . . . 283-284 Exhaust Relief (Definition) . . 489 Expansion (Definition) 490 Flanged . . 167 Full-way (Definition) 492 Gate 169-170, 492 Globe 169-170, 492 Iron Body Brass Mounted Wedge Gate, "N. T. C." (" NATIONAL " Bulletin No. 13) 655, 656, 670 Needle (Definition) 498 Non-return (Definition) 498 Protecting Caps 194 Radiator (Definition) 502 Receiver Filling (Definition) . 503 Reducing (Definition) 503 Reflux (Definition) 503 Regrinding, "N. T. C." ("NATIONAL "Bulletin No. 7) 655, 656, 669, 670 Resistance to Flow (see Valves, Effect). Valves Screw Down (Definition) .... 505 Seat (Definition) 514 Stem (Definition) 514 Straightway 169-170, 509 Switch (Definition) 510 Wedge Gate (Definition) 515 Wheel (Definition) 516 Vanishing Thread (Definition).. 514 Tubing, " NATIONAL " (see Allison Vanishing Thread Tubing, "NATIONAL"). Van Stone Joint (Definition) ... 514 Vapor and Gases, Mixtures of . . 315 Saturation Point 315 Vaporization, Heat of 327 Variable Loading. Safety Fac- tor for 268-270 Variation Permissible in Lengths ' 21,91,99,102, 103, 105,106,625,671 Diameter 89, 91, 96, 99, 102, 103, 105, 106, 625, 671 Threading 90, 98, 625 Thickness 99, 100, 102, 625 Weight (see footnote of Prod- uct in Question) of Signal Pipe 96, 62 5 Vegetable Oils in Boiler Water, .Effect of 276, 635-638 Velocity Air Flowing into Atmosphere 357~3S8 in Pipes 359~30o Flow of Steam into Atmos- phere 341-342 in Pipes 347~348 Water in Pipes 277-290, 639-643 Wind 117, 626 Venturi Meter 292 Tube Measurements 293 Vertical and Horizontal Load- ing of Beams 256 Shear of Beams 250 Vessels, Contents of, 301, 302, 304, 305 Volume, Air 352 Comparison of Units 465 Conversion Table 311 Cylinders, Table of, 419-459, 648-651 Gas 314 Metric Equivalents 462, 465 Pressure, Temperature of Air. 352 Saturated Steam 328 Seamless Tubing, " SHELBY" 199, 419-459, 648-651 Superheated Steam. . .337, 339-340 Tubes and Round Bars, 419-459, 648-651 Water 272 Volumetric Measures (see Met- ric Equivalents also) ; 460-472, 652-653 V Thread (Definition) 514 712 Index Vulgar Fractions and Their Decimal Equivalents 366-368 V Welding (Definition) 514 W Walker Joint (Definition) 514 Wall, Area Pipe, 58-65, 419-459, 610-620, 648-651 Seamless Tubing, " SHELBY " 200-201 Tubes and Round Bars, 419-459, 648-651 Nature of Stress in Tube .... 212 Washburn and Moen Wire Gage 369 Water 271-312, 635-646 Absorption of Gases 316 Air in 277, 635-638 Arch (Definition) 514 Bar (Definition) 514 Boiling Point * - , . . >. . > . . 272 Capacity of Pipe, 301, 303, 423, 648-651 Chart for Flow of in Wrought Pipe 279 Column (Definition) 514 Composition of 272 Compressibility of 275 Contents of Cylinders.soi, 302, 304 Contents of Pipes 303 Rectangular Tanks 305 Corrosion in (see Corrosion). Density Maximum 272 Discharge 278-279, 285 Discharge Capacities of Pipe, 306-309, 644-646 Energy of 298 Equivalents 310-312 Expansion of 272 Fall, Efficiency of 297 Power of 297 Feed for Boilers. .275-277, 635-638 Flow Affected by Curves and Valves 283 Flow Diameter Required .... 290 in Pipes 277-290, 639-643 Flow in House Service Pipes . 285 Lost Head in Pipes, 286-290, 639-643 Measurement 291-296 Flush (Definition) 515 Friction in Pipes . 286-290, 639-643 Gage (Definition) 5*5 General Index 271 Grate (Definition) 5*5 Hammer 168, 284, 515 Hardness, Standards of 636 Head of 273-274, 277, 297-299 Heat of 327-333 Horse-power of Heads 297-299 Hydraulic Conversion Table . 311 Equivalents 310 Ice and Snow 274 Impurities 275-277, 635-638 Water, Incrustation and Corrosion 275, 635-638 Lime in 275-276, 635-638 Measurement of, by Nozzles . 293 Flowing 291-296 Packer (Definition) 515 Pipe 167 Clamps (Definition) 515 Plug (Definition) 515 Power 297-299 Bernoulli's Theorem 298 Current Motors 298 Energy of Water Flowing in a Tube 297 Horse-power of a Running Stream 297 Calculating Table 299 Table 300-312, 644-646 Table of Gallons and Cubic Feet 300 Pressure Equivalents of 310 of Due to Weight 273 per Square Inch, Equiva- lents of 273 on Vertical Surface 273 Properties 272 Purification of Boiler 635-638 Quantity of Discharged 278 Ram 168,284 Relative Discharge of Pipes, 306-309, 644-646 Solubility of Impurities 635 Specific Heat of 275 Swivel (Definition) 515 Table of Contents 271 Weight and Volume 272 Total Heat of 327~333 Trailing (Definition) 511 Tube Boiler (Definition ) 5*5 Units of Pressure and Head.. 273 Velocity of Flow, Darcy 282 Kutter 281,638 Mean 280 Trautwine 280 Williams and Hazen . . 283 Volume of, at Different Tem- peratures 272 Weight of, at Different Temperatures 272 per Foot of Pipe 301, 33 Wheel ,. 297 Waterfall, Power of 297 Watertown Arsenal Tests, 223, 230-231 Wedge Gate Valves (Definition) 515 "N. T. C." Iron Body Brass Mounted ("NATIONAL" Bulletin No. 13).. 655, 656, 670 Weight (Definition) 516 Air 352-354 Aluminum 423 Bars, Round 419-459, 648-651 Brass 423 Cast Iron 423 "Index ." t ;.-'"'. ". 713 Weight, Conversion Chart for 476, 652-653 Copper . . 423 Difference for Difference in Outside Diameter 379-380 Equals Measurement (Defi- nition) 498 Factors for Different Ma- terials 4 2 3 Steel Tubes 376-378 Gas 3i5 Ice 274 Iron 21, 423 Lead 423 Lengths and Temperatures, Conversion Chart 476 Metric Equivalents, -462, 468, 472, 476, 652-653 Nickel 423 Pipe 22-56, 58-65, 379-459, 592-623, 648-651 Poles no, 113, 120-157, 626 Saturated Steam 329-333 Seamless Materials (see Seam- less Tubes and Tubing, "SHELBY"). Sections 264-266 Snow 274 Steel 21, 423 Tin 423 Tubular Goods. 22-56, 58-65, 379-459, 592-623, 648-651 Various Materials 4 2 3 Water 272 in Pipes, Table of 301, 33 Wrought Iron 423 Working Barrels 1 88, 629 Weights and Dimensions Boiler Tubes Locomotive, Lap Welded, "NATIONAL" 40, 596 Seamless, "SHELBY", 38-39, 101 Standard, Lap Welded, "NATIONAL" 41 Casing, "NATIONAL" Boston Inserted Joint 27 with Pacific Couplings. . . 28 Standard 26 California Diamond BX. . 29, 593 Inserted Joint, Boston. ... 27 South Penn 35, 59=; Flues, Boiler (see Boiler Tubes). Pipe, "NATIONAL" Air Line 36, 595 Ammonia 597 Converse Lock Joint 43 Double Extra St rong 25 Drill 36 Drive 24 California Diamond BX. 31 Dry Kiln 37, 596 Weights and Dimensions Pipe, "NATIONAL" Extra Strong 25 for Gas Lines, Plain End. 600-608 Hydraulic 597 Kimberley Joint 44 Large O. D., Plain Ends.. 598-599 Line 23, 592 Air 36, 595 for Lines, Gas, Plain End . 600-608 Matheson Joint 42 O. D., Large, Plain Ends. 598-599 Plain End, Large O. D . . 598-599 for Gas Lines 600-608 Reamed and Drifted 35 Rectangular 45, 609 Rotary, Special 34, 594 Upset 34,594 Square 45, 609 Standard 22, 592 Tuyere 37, 596 Poles, "NATIONAL" Tubu- lar 118-157, 626 Seamless Materials (see Seam- less Tubes and Tubing, "SHELBY"). Tubing, "NATIONAL" Allison Vanishing Thread . . 33 Bedstead 31 California Special External , Upset 30,593 Flush Joint 32 Oil Well 30 Weisbach Rule for Water Flow. 289 Air Flow 359 Weld (Definition) 516 Butt 9,483 Circular (Definition) 484 Corrosion of (see Corrosion) . 554 Lap 7, 8, 496 Scarf (Definition) 505 Strength of, in Pipes. .226, 630-634 Welded Cylinder Heads 190 Flange Joint (Definition) .... 516 Flanges 167 Pipe Bursting Tests, 223-226, 630-634 Durability of, Relative (see Corrosion). Manufacturing 7-14 Marking 20 Standard Specifications,89-9o,625 Welding and Annealing 10 Autogenous, of High Pressure Mains 586 of "NATIONAL" Pipe ("NATIONAL" Bulle- tin No. 26). . . .655, 656, 660 of Pipe Steel 10 V (Definition) 514 Wet Steam 327 Wheel Valve (Definition) 516 Whitworth Thread (Definition). 516 Widemouth Socket (Definition). 516 714 Index Williams' and Kazan's Formula. 283 Wind Loads, Poles 116-117, 626 Velocity 117, 626 Wine Bore (Definition) 516 Wiped Joint (Definition) 516 Wire and Sheet Metal Gages. . . 369 Wool Lead (Definition) 496 Work of Adiabatic Compression of Air 356 Isothermal Compression of Air 356 Working Barrels (Definition). . . 516 Sections of 187, 629 Threading 187, 629 Weights and Dimensions. 1 88, 629 Fibre Stresses, Safe 268 Pressure, Classification of. ... 167 Valves and Fittings 167 Stresses in Beams 250 Wrench Pipe (Definition) 501 Wrenches, Socket 196 Wrought Casing Nipples. . . .174, 628 Iron Corrosion (see Cor- rosion). Weight 21, 423 Iron Pipe. 7, 12, 106 Wrought Iron Pipe, Bursting Tests 223-226, 630-634 Corrosion (see Corrosion). Expansion 211, 347 Metallic Content of 566 Strength 223-226, 630-634 Pipe Bends 162-163, 627 Radii of 162, 627 Long Screw Nipples 173 Nipples. . . 168, 171-172, 627, 628 Tank Nipples 173 Wye, Y (Definition) 516 Y (Definition) 516 Yards to Meters 461, 463 Y Base (Definition) 516 Y Bend (Definition) 516 Y Branch (Definition) 516 Yield Point 112, 222, 630-634 Yoke (Definition) 516 Zero, Absolute 328 Zinc Coating 92-94, 107, 625 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY