UCSB LlbKAltT X- 2228^ r^ THE VIRGIL POCKET BOOK THE VIRGIL POCKET BOOK (Vergilii Musa Consolatrix) ARRANGED BY S. E. WIN BOLT WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY ARTHUR SIDGWICK LONDON ARCHIBALD CONSTABLE AND COMPANY LTD. 1907 Edinburgh: T. and A. Constable, Printers to His Majesty INTRODUCTION T HAVE been asked by the compiler of these extracts to write a few words of introduction. If I cannot refuse such a request from a friend and former pupil, I may be allowed to say that I comply, not in the least as claim- ing or possessing any title to speak with authority, but only as one among a multitude of fellow students of Virgil, and one who shares their love and admiration of the poet. The fame of Virgil has few parallels in literary history. If we except one or two phases of criticism, of no permanent importance, and ending in a better and wider appreciation, his position as one vi INTRODUCTION ofthefewsupreme poets has been for nine- teen centuries unshaken. A classic from the first, he had become by Juvenal's time ' the poet ' ; and in the dark ages he was revered as a sort of great magician, whose chance words were oracles. Still more remarkable has been his influence on poets and poetically-minded men. To Dante he was the Master and Guide ; he haunted the memories of men as diverse as Augustine, Fenelon, and Savon- arola, at moments of crisis in their lives ; he was more deeply studied than any other ancient by Dryden and Words- worth : and in our own time Keble, Newman, Tennyson, Sellar, William Morris, Charles Bowen, and Frederic Myers, have left striking records of the singular spell laid by Virgil on men whose genius and gifts were otherwise unlike. This consensus of widely-differing ages INTRODUCTION vii and personalities points conclusively to the presence in Virgil's poems of some exquisiteness of feeling, thought, music and expression, such as is the mark of the highest poetry, and can never perhaps be fully analysed. Of the many who might like to possess a short selection of memorable lines or passages of such a poet, no two, perhaps, if they made their own extracts, would exactly agree. But I do not think that this fact diminishes the interest which a lover of Virgil would take in a selection like the present ; it might even more probably increase it. A large proportion of the extracts would inevitably appear in any such collection ; and as to the remainder, the reader might well find an added interest in considering the passages he would not himself have chosen : and reflection might lead him to see them in a new light. All real viii INTRODUCTION lovers of poetry know how much they have gained by weighing the apprecia- tions and preferences of other students, whether expressed in written criticisms, or still more perhaps in private discus- sion. If some such service could be rendered, even to a few readers, by this little volume, I cannot doubt that the editor would feel amply rewarded, A. SiDGWICK. PREFACE 'T^HESE pages are intended for two sets of readers. It is hoped, first, that they will meet the eye of scholars who will rejoice to renew their acquaintance with many of the finest lines that Virgil wrote : and second, that many thoughtful men, who have little Latin, will through them come to know some of the pure and humane wisdom enshrined in the poetry of the Mantuan. Hence the trans- lation, which I thought well to make for myself, choosing prose rather than verse partly because to attempt to reproduce the fascination of his style is to labour with Sisyphus, partly because the full connotation of Virgil's words can be given more easily than is the case when the version is trammelled by the necessities of versification. It would be X PREFACE difficult to arrange the passages chosen accord- ing to a perfectly logical classification, but it is hoped that the headings adopted may be serviceable. They seem to me to express the essence of the consolation contained in the passages grouped under them. On the whole the progress is from the more material to the higher ideals, though there is necessarily some overlapping between the different sections. Happily we have outlived the days when the fine arts were all but proscribed and the solemn peal of the organ was superstitious ; and there are now living comparatively few precisians who would refuse to gather comfort from the words of a pagan poet because the names of Mars, Bacchus, and Apollo are found faintly alloying his pure ethical gold. If we frankly recognise ' the pure and humane spirit' of Virgil's teaching, we are but walking in the footsteps of the better Christians of the early Latin church, and of Christian writers of the stamp of Augusine and Kede. PREFACE xi Whether this little pocket book finds many readers or few, the excuse offered for its appearance is to be found in Dante's tribute to Virgil, ' The great love that made me search thy volume.' It is fair to add that Mr. Sidgwick is in no way responsible for the general plan of this book, the selection of passages, or their arrangement under headings, or the translations. His kindly interest in these pages is explained by himself. S. E. WiNBOLT. Christ's Hospital, West Horsham, Dec. 1906 VIRGIL AS CONSOLER 'HP HE Sussex Downs are enchanted ground for the pedestrian. He may take them in their length from Beacon Hill to Beachy Head, keeping along their northern edge with the prospect of the blue Weald always there to charm the idle mind ; he may mount them at Amberley and descend at old-world Stey- ning ; he may prefer their southern slopes, within view of fruit-bearing flats and the sea. He may often do each and all of these, and grow to think that he knows, as well as loves, his Sussex Downs. But let him one day, standing on their northern escarpment where, like the crest of a south-west driven wave, they threaten to break over the wooded weald — let him conceive the idea of tramping over their unequalled turf from north to south, xiv VIRGIL AS CONSOLER from Bignor perhaps to Chichester, from Chanctonbury Ring to neolithic Cissbury, from the Long Man of Wilmington to Beachy Head, and he will be sure to find the aliquid novif the fresh something that will repay him. Thus it is with the editor of this little volume and his Virgil. Many a time has he travelled, sometimes alone, more often in the congenial company of his ' Grecians,' over the lofty and loved heights of Virgil's Par- nassus, now in their full length, now over some chosen stretch ; but he is to-day minded to cross them in a particular direction. Perhaps the route chosen may bring to light some scrap of freshness, aftbrd some new view of Virgilian ethics. But, however this may be, the walk will have its own native attractions. A word or two may be said of Virgil's consolatory Muse. I have no wish to bury Virgil under a mound of comment, for, even apart from their contexts, these passages may VIRGIL AS CONSOLER xv be trusted to tell their own story. I have withstood the temptation to quote some of the parallels in modern prose and poetry that abundantly suggest themselves, or to say anything of the many different sets of circum- stances in life which would give keen edge to many of Virgil's phrases. It may profit, however, for a moment to examine the ethical content of this anthology. Have the nine- teen centuries that have elapsed since Virgil penned these words in the quiet of his retired life at Nola and Naples, his secrettun iter et fallentis seinita vilae, estranged our ears from his comfortable words ? The difficulty of consoling a friend's grief is a commonplace of morals. Two con- spicuous attempts in literature may be briefly noticed : the letter of Servius Sulpicius to Cicero on the news of the death of Cicero's daughter, and Coleridge's letter to Charles Lamb after the tragic death of Lamb's mother, Sulpicius' letter is deservedly admired, because it seems to have gathered together all the xvi VIRGIL AS CONSOLER balm human philosophy can apply to severe afflictions. But, as its author writes, ' offices of this kind afford at best but a wretched relief.' The would-be consoler cannot fail to be sensible of his narrow limitations. He feels that he can hardly hope really to soften and subdue the anguish of a bereavement, or do more than help to silence the clamours of sorrow, until Time, the kindly god, lays healing hand on the wound. He feels, too, that the best he can say must sound trite, ar only ventures to offer his reflections, because in his discomposure of mind, the sufferer is not unlikely to miss even the most obvious thoughts. Coleridge's letter was so successful in its kind that Lamb called it * an inestim- able treasure.' Its closing words run thus : — ' I look upon you as a man called by sorrow and anguish and a strange desolation of hopes into quietness, and a soul set apart and made peculiar to God ; we cannot arrive at any portion of heavenly bliss without in some measure imitating Christ. And they arrive VIRGIL AS CONSOLER xvii at the largest inheritance who imitate the most difificult parts of his character, and bowed down and crushed under foot, cry in fulness of faith, "Father, thy will be done." ' I wish above measure to have you for a little while here — no visitants shall blow on the nakedness of your feelings — you shall be quiet, and your spirit may be healed. I see no possible objection, unless your father's helplessness prevent you, and unless you are necessary to him. If this be not the case, I charge you write me that you will come. ' I charge you, my dearest friend, not to dare to encourage gloom or despair — you are a temporary sharer in human miseries that you may be an eternal partaker of the Divine nature. I charge you, if by any means it be possible, come to me.' Yet this letter (as Mr. Lucas points out), with a second consolatory note in a similar strain, gave rise to a passage of arms between the two friends, Lamb thinking it his duty to enter a protest against certain expressions h xviii VIRGIL AS CONSOLER used by Coleridge, against ' a certain freedom of expression, a certain air of mysticism, more consonant to the conceits of pagan philosophy, than consistent with the humility of genuine piety.' Lamb closes : ' I am not insensible, indeed I am not, of the value of that first letter of yours, and I shall find reason to thank you for it again and again long after that blemish in it is forgotten. It will be a fine lesson of comfort to us, whenever we read it ; and read it we often shall, Mary and I.' And here we have the spectacle of a philosopher, a modern Boethius, in error. Where Coleridge blunders, who shall go right? In truth, consolation sounds the very depths of philosophy. To console is to descend into the deepest mysteries of life, to handle metaphysics ; and yet — paradox as it may seem — in the presence of death how little is there to distinguish the philosopher from the fool ! To examine Virgil's contributions to the VIRGIL AS CONSOLER xix philosophy of consolation is therefore to apply a crucial test, but those who know him best will have the greatest confidence in his coming triumphantly out of the ordeal. It will be obvious that all the phrases here quoted cannot be definitely attributed to Virgil as embodying his own aspirations. Something must be allowed for the various dramatic situations. In almost every case the language is put into the mouth of one or other of his dramatis personae. Consolation naturally differs with men's ideals. The farmer, the warrior, the statesman, the poet — each asks for different rewards and solaces. A Turnus or a Pallas would not thank you for the prize sought by a Tityrus or a Priam. Yet one may gather clearly enough to which aspirations Virgil would himself assign the highest place, although his reticence refuses to take us directly into his confidence with the frankness of a Cicero or a Horace. We do not go to Virgil for surface autobiography. What then is the indirect impression of him- XX VIRGIL AS CONSOLER self stamped by Virgil on his poems ? It does not reveal itself to the hurried reader. Rather is it a subtly permeating influence — like his own tenucs pluviae — which makes itself felt only after years of habitual living with his poems, and which is even then better felt than described. Two points stand out. The golden coinage of his work stands the test of good art and good poetry : it rings clear with absolute sincerity. Such a man, surely, in our time of trial, we would have to give us of his strongest and best. Moreover, he is both many-sided and sensitive. His mildly melancholic, retiring, but deeply sympathetic nature, is just such a one as would note the rubs, little or great, of our work-a-day life, and then from a full and true heart hasten to reach out to us the balm of discerning compassion. Indeed, Virgil's ideals of consolation are, on the whole, serenely high, and very little removed from Christian standards. In Georgics or Aeneid the good man in trouble VIRGIL AS CONSOLER xxi constantly reaps comfort from the assurance of divine help, or steels himself to supporting adversities with a pious * Thy will be done ! ' His God is one who often extends his manifold mercies to his servant on earth, but certainly rewards the faithful in the life to come. Sorrow may be mitigated by the sympathy of a fellow man : non ignara f?iali miseris sHccurrere disco. The hardships of life may be largely atoned for by the joy of children, the love of a lover, or the festive interchange of hospitality. Many a word of comfort does Virgil offer to the bereaved beside the bier. Death is not, but only a returning to divine elements ; yet meanwhile let due burial rites and the honours of the sepulchre encourage the mourners to pour out their grief. The death of the warrior, if it be avenged or face to the foe, may lose its sting. The loftiest patriotism is a solace that the poet is ever ready to administer, whether in the form of a sensitive appreciation of a native country's natural blessings, or of doing and daring in xxii VIRGIL AS CONSOLER battle. Virgil, like Thomas Carlyle, is the apostle of work, and poet or peasant, lover or ruler, finds a generous reward in persevering toil. If there is one ethical truth that Virgil loves to inculcate more than another it is the blessedness of rest following righteous labour. So far the most scrupulous Christian could accept Virgil's ethical code. But it is when we come to the solace offered by fame that we hear the first characteristically pagan note. Fame — Gloria, — whether posthumous or to be enjoyed in a man's own lifetime, is practically omnipresent in the Aeneid as a motive of action. It holds, certainly, a higher place in the hearts of warriors and others than the best religions of to-day could approve. Judged by a pure standard of morals the maxim /awaw extendere faclis, hoc virtutis opus, must ring discordantly ; and yet, if we consider the chief motives of men's lives as we know them, we of the twentieth century are certainly not in a posi- tion to accuse Virgil of encouraging tawdry VIRGIL AS CONSOLER xxiii ideals. John Milton, in Lycidas, sums up the Pagan and the Christian attitudes : ' Fame is the spur that the clear spirit doth raise (That last infirmity of noble mind) To scorn delights and live laborious days.' To this point Virgil attained : but Milton advanced to a purer conception : ' Fame is no plant that grows on mortal soil, Nor in the glistering fcnl Set of! to the world, nor in broad rumour lies : But lives and spreads aloft by those pure eyes, And perfect witness of all-judging Jove ; As he pronounces lastly on each deed, Of so much fame in heaven expect thy meed.' It would be expected of the poet of the Georgics that he should find stores of consola- tion in the peaceful life of the country. Much of what is most lasting in Virgil's gentle and thoughtful eloquence or most haunting in his rhythms, comes spontaneously welling up when he reflects on the joys of a humble farm or a cottage garden. Speaking in the xxiv VIRGIL AS CONSOLER strain of Fortunatos nimium, sua si bona norint, Agricolas I the poet makes a direct appeal to the thousands of our countrymen whose thoughts are returning more and more to the land and the latis otiafiindis. But poetry, like a good picture, may obviously be consoling apart from sympa- thetic messages addressed to those in trouble. For the lover of poetry Virgil has a more subtle anodyne which he administers uncon- sciously in his elevated moods and pensive meditativeness, and when he calls up before the mind, to quote Mr. Sellar, ' that spectacle of a statelier life and a more august order in the contemplation of which his spirit habitu- ally lived.' If it be a solace to happen on your own better feelings reflected or happily expressed, to find some cherished thought or vague emotion wedded to memorable words, to enjoy the sympathy of a magnanimous spirit in your moments of wavering, to have pregnant utterance given to * that pain and weariness yet hope of better things,' which is VIRGIL AS CONSOLER xxv the inheritance of the little breed of men, if there is unction in music, or in tears — then Virgil is a priest of indirect, vague, but real consolation, a comforter making the burden of life sit more easily on our shoulders. A few words may be said as to the unique influence of Virgil on the history of European thought. The publication of his work pro- duced an immediate effect : il avait touchy forteuient lafibre Romaine, says Sainte-Beuve. The Latin authors who came after him — from Livy to Tacitus — revered his memory as that of a great master, and from his death onwards to the day when the candle of classical learn- ing was put out in Europe, a long line of lecturers and writers based their teaching on his poetry. Over early Christian writers, as over Dante, Virgil cast a spell. The Middle Ages glorified him into a saint. To quote Professor R. Y. Tyrrell : ' He was placed among the Prophets in the Cathedral of Zamora, and invoked as Prophet of the Gentiles in Limoges and Rheims.' xxvi VIRGIL AS CONSOLER When learning revived in Europe, Virgil again asserted his pre-eminence and found a place not only on the list of monastic studies, but also in the early annals of Scottish literature in the translation of Gawain Douglas. Between Milton and Lessing, while the French were the arbiters of learning, Virgil's prestige was undoubted, while Burke is a distinguished example of the great English orators who made notes for their speeches with his works at their elbow. In the sphere of education, modern England owes far more perhaps than she is willing to allow to the inspiration of Vergilius Maro. CONTENTS Husbandry, I P^AME, .... . 15 Work, .... . 25 Patriotism, . . 39 Death, . 47 Man, .... . 55 God, . . . . . . 65 HUSBANDRY 2 HUSBANDRY TJ APPY old man ! So the farm will still be thine, and large enough for thee. What though all around bare boulders and marsh with its muddy sedge almost chokes up thy pasture, yet the pregnant ewes will not take harm from some strange herbage, and will be safe from the touch of disease from a neighbour's flock. Happy old man ! Here islanded by your native rivers and holy streams, thou wilt revel in the cool of the shade. On this side, as of yore, the hedge- row that is thy neighbour's boundary, where bees of Hybla sip the willow-blossom, shall sometimes lull you to slumber with their soft hum ; on that, the woodman seated 'neath the lofty clifif will carol to the breeze. Meanwhile your pet ringdoves will hoarsely coo and coo, and the turtle dove complain to the sky-aspir- ing elm. 'W'E r here thou mightst rest this night with me on a couch of fiesh leaves. Store we have of ripe apples, mealy chestnuts, and AGRICULTURA 3 T7ORTUNATE senex, ergo tua rura mane- bunt, et tibi magna satis, quamvis lapis omnia nudus limosoque palus obducat pascua iunco. non insueta graves temptabunt pabula fetas, nee mala vicini pecoris contagia laedent. fortunate senex, hie inter flumina nota et fontes sacros frigus captabis opacum. hinc tibi, quae semper vicino ab limite saepes Hyblaeis apibus florem depasta salicti, saepe levi somnum suadebit iuire susurro ; hinc alta sub rupe canet frondator ad auras : nee tamen interea raucae, tua cura, palumbes, nee gemere aeria cessabit turtur ab ulmo, E. I, 46-58. I T IC tamen banc mecum poteras requies- cere noctem fronde super viridi : sunt nobis mitia poma, 4 HUSBANDRY milk curds in plenty. Even now the smoke curls up from yonder farm-house gables, and longer falls the shadow from the hill-top. /^^OME hither, beautiful boy. To pleasure thee, lo, the Nymphs are bringing lilies in basketfuls ; for thee the lovely Naiad culls pale violets and poppy heads,adding to the posy Narcissus and fragrant anise-flower. Next, twining them with casia and other sweet herbs, she sets off" silken hyacinths with yellow mari- golds. Myself will I gather quinces of silvery delicate down and the chestnuts that my Amaryllis used to love ; waxen-hued plums too — so shall this fruit also have its meed of honour. You, too, O ye laurels, will I pluck, and thee, myrtle, their sister, since posied side by side ye mingle your odours sweet. A H ye farmers, fortunate, too fortunate were ye, did ye but know your own AGRICULTURA 5 castaneae molles et pressi copia lactis, et iam summa procul villarum culmina fumant, maioresque cadunt altis de montibus umbrae. E. r, 79-83. TT UC ades, o formose puer : tibi lilia plenis ecce feruntNymphaecalathis; tibi candidaNais, pallentes violas et summa papavera carpens, narcissum et florem iungit bene olentis anethi ; tum, casia atque aliis intexens suavibus herbis, mollia luteola pingit vaccinia caltha. ipse ego cana legam tenera lanugine mala castaneasque nuces, mea quas Amaryllis amabat. addani cerea pruna ; honos erit huic quoque porno ; et vos, o lauri, carpam, et te, proxima myrte : sic positae quoniam suaves miscetis odores. E. 2, 45-55- r\ FORTUNATOS nimium, sua si bona norint, 6 HUSBANDRY blessedness ! On you the great and righteous earth afar from the clash of arms lavishes from its soil a light-won livelihood. True, no lofty proud-portalled mansion discharges from its full halls a vast tide of morning callers ; nor do ye stand agape at door-posts inlaid with tortoise-shell, at robes tricked out with gold, and statues of Corinthian bronze ; your white wool is not stained with Assyrian drugs, nor is clear olive oil spoilt for the table with cinnamon. Still ye enjoy a careless quiet and a life that knows not disappointment, that is rich in varied treasures ; ye know the peace of broad farmlands, your caves and living lakes, your valleys cool as Tempe, the lowing of kine, and slumber soft beneath the tree ; your woodland glades with cover for game, your young men trained to toil and simple wants, your holy rites and old men reverend. 'Twas amongst you Justice planted her last footsteps ere she fled the earth. AGRICULTURA 7 agricolas ! quibus, ipsa, procul discordibus armis, fundit humo facileni victum iustissima tellus. si non ingentem foribus domus alta superbis mane salutantum totis vomit aedibus undam ; nee varies inhiant pulchra testudine postes, inlusasque auro vestes, Ephyreiaque aera ; alba neque Assyrio fucatur lana veneno, nee casia liquidi corrumpitur usus olivi ; at secura quies et nescia fallere vita, dives opum variarum, at latis otia fundis, speluncae vivique lacus ; at frigida Tempe, mugitusque boum, mollesque sub arbore somni non absunt : illic saltus ac lustra ferarum, et patiens operum exiguoque assueta iuventus ; sacra deum sanctique patres : extrema per illos lustitia excedens terris vestigia fecit. G. 2, 458-74. 8 HUSBANDRY IDLEST too is he who knows the country gods, Pan and Silvanus old and the sisterhood of Nymphs. Him no fasces of the people, no royal purple can sway, nor the quarrels that goad on brother to cheat brother, nor the Dacian swooping down from the leagued Danube, nor the glory of Rome and the fall of kingdoms. He feels neither a pang of pity for the poor, nor of envy for the rich. What fruits the boughs, what produce the fields of their own free will bring forth, that he gathers, without setting eyes on steel-graven laws, the madness of the forum, or the archives of the people. npHE farmer furrows the soil with curving plough. This sets him his year's work, by this he supports his country and his little grandchildren, his herd of oxen and his bullocks that serve him so well. No rest. The abundance of the season is now in fruit, now in young of the flock, or sheaves of AGRICULTURA 9 ■pORTUNATUS et ille deos qui novit agrestes, Panaque Silvanumque senem Nymphasque sorores ! ilium non populi fasces, non purpura regum flexit, et infidos agitans discordia fratres, aut coniurato descendens Dacus ab Istro ; non res Romanae perituraque regna : neque ille aut doluit miserans inopem aut invidit habenti. quos rami fructus, quos ipsa volentia rura sponte tulere sua, carpsit ; nee ferrea iura, insanumque forum, aut populi tabularia vidit. G. 2, 493-502. A GRICOLA incurvo terrain dimovit aratro : hinc anni labor ; hinc patriam parvosque nepotes sustinet ; hinc armenta bouni, meritosque iuvencos. nee requiem, quin aut pomis exuberet annus, lo HUSBANDRY Ceres' corn-ear; it loads the furrow with produce, and makes the barns to overflow. Winter draws on : the berry of Sicyon is ground in the mill, the swine come home from their acorn feast, the woods yield their arbute- berries. Autumn offers its varied store, and aloft on the hills which catch the sun the vintage is ripened and mellowed. "DENEATH the lofty battlements of Taren- tum, where black Galaesus waters golden cornfields, there I mind me I once saw an old swain of Corycus, the possessor of a few acres of waste land. His estate was poor soil, no grazing for cattle or for sheep, nor apt for vine-growing. Yet here amid the brambles he would set a patch of garden-stuff here and there, bordering it with white lilies and vervain and meagre poppies, and in his contentment he rivalled the splendour of kings. In the dusk of the evening turning his footsteps homeward he would load his board with unbought dainties. Spring's tirst AGRICULTURA ii aut fetu pecorum, aut Cerealis mergite culmi ; proventuque onerat sulcos, atque horrea vincat. venit hiemps : teritur Sicyonia bacca trapetis ; glande sues laeti recleunt ; dant arbuta silvae ; et varies ponit foetus autumnus : et alte mitis in apricis coquitur vindemia saxis. G. 2, 513-22. TVT AMQUE sub Oebaliae memini me turri- bus arcis, qua niger umectat flaventia culta Galaesus, Corycium vidisse senem, cui pauca relicli iugera ruris erant ; nee fertilis ilia iuvencis, nee peeori opportuna seges, nee commoda Baccho. hie rarum tamen in dumis olus alliaque circum lilia verbenasque premens, vescumque papaver, regum aequabat opes animis ; seraque revertens nocte domum dapibus mensas onerabat inempiis. primus vere rosam atque autumno carpere poma ; 12 HUSBANDRY rose, autumn's fust apple he would pluck ; and when surly winter was still cleaving the rocks wilh frost and checking with icy curb the gallop of the waters, my gardener was already cutting the blooms of hyacinth from their lush stems, chiding summer's late return and laggard westerly winds. So he was the first, too, with his brood of bees, and the riches of many a swarm, and first to squeeze into the bowl his honey h^tliing from the comb. Lime trees he had, and luxuriant pines, and every bud that his fruitful tree arrayed itself wilhal at the blossoming time in spring, it carried ripe in autumn. Nay more, he could transplant into rows full- grown elms, the hardy pear, ami sloe stocks already bearing plums, and the plane already olVering shade to his cronies over their wine. GRICULTURA 13 et, quum trislis hiemps etiamnum frigore saxa rumperet, et glacie cursus frenaret aquarum, ille comam mollis iam tondebat hyacinth!, aestatem increpitans seram zephyrosque mo- rantes. ergo apibus fetis idem atque examine multo primus abundare, et spumantia cogere pressis mella favis ; illi tiliae atque uberrima pinus ; quotque in flore novo pomis se fertilis arbos induerat, totidem autumno matura tenebat. ille etiam seras in versum distulit ulmos, eduramque pirum, et spinos iam pruna ferente?, iamque ministrantem platanum potantibus umbras. G. 4, 125-46. FAME i6 FAME Posthumous Fame OO long as the wild boar haunts mountain crags and fish swim in rivers, so long as bees browse on thyme and grasshoppers on dew, ever shall thy name and fame and praises endure. As to Bacchus and to Ceres, so to thee shall the farmer pay his vows as the year comes round : thou too sbalt grant thy suppliant's prayer. OMALL is the field of my work; but not small the glory, by favour of the gods when they cease to frown, and of Apollo listening to invoking prayer. TJ APPY pair, if aught my song may avail, no day shall e'er teach posterity to forget you. "OUT hear and lay to heart my words, to solace thy hard lot. The neighbouring folk, when scourged through the length and GLORIA 17 T~^UM iuga montis aper, fluvios dum piscis amabit, dumque thymo pascentur apes, dum rore cicadae, semper honos nomenque tuum laudesque manebunt. ut Baccho Cererique, tibi sic vota quotannis agricolae facient : damnabis tu quoque votis. E. 5, 76-80. T N tenui labor : at tenuis non gloria, si quern numina laeva sinunt auditque vocatus Apollo. G. 4, 6, 7. T7ORTUNATI aml)0 ! si quid mea carmina possunt, nulla dies umquam memori vos eximet aevo. A. 9, 446-7, O ED cape dicta memor, duri solacia casus. nam tua finitimi, longe lateque per urbes prodigiis acfi caelestibus, ossa piabunt B i8 FAME breadth of their cities, impelled by signs from heaven, with due rites shall appease thy bones, shall pile thee a mound, and send to it yearly offerings, and the place shall keep for ever the name of Palinurus. T^OR each man is fixed his span of days : short is the term of life for all, and none may retrieve it. But by great deeds to annex new realms of glory, this is valour's task. TvT E'ER could I leave unsung the mis- fortune of thy cruel death, thy valiant deed, in hope the lapse of years may give credit to exploit so mighty, nor thee, young warrior deserving all renown. n^HUS, though each bee come to the bourne of its narrow span of life — they do not live beyond their seventh summer, GLORIA 19 et statuent tumulum et tumulo sollemnia mittent, aeternumque locus Palinuri nomen habebit. A. 6, 377-81. O TAT sua cuique dies, breve et irreparabile tempus omnibus est vitae ; sed famam extendere factis, hoc virtutis opus. A. 10, 467-9. TT IC mortis durae casum tuaque optima facta, si qua fidem tanto est operi latura vetustas, non equidem nee te, iuvenis memorande, silebo. A. 10, 791-3. Trj*RGO ipsas quamvis angusti terminus aevi excipiat (neque enim plus septima ducitur aestas), 20 FAME — still their race deathless abides, and through long years stands like a rock the future of their house, while the long roll of ancestry unfolds. A Glorious Future on Earth ■pEAR not, lady of Cythera : unaltered abides the destiny of thy people. The promised city shalt thou see, and walls of Lavinium, and high-souled Aeneas shalt thou raise soaring aloft to the stars of heaven. "^T AY, that cruel Juno, who now troubles with terror earth and sky and sea, will see the error of her ways, and second nie in protecting the race that wears the toga, the lords of the world, the sons of Rome. npHEN a cruel age shall grow kind and think of war no more. Ancient Honour and Vesta, and Quirinu^ with his brother GLORIA 21 at genus immortale manet, niultosque per annos Stat fortuna domus, et avi numerantur avorum. G. 4, 206-9. TDARCE metu, Cytherea, manent immota tuorum fata tibi ; cernes urbem et promissa Lavini moenia, sublimemque feres ad sidera caeli magnanimum Aenean. A. I, 258-60. QuiN aspera luno, quae mare nunc terrasque metu caelumque fatigat, consilia in melius referet mecumque fovebit Romano?, rerum dominos gentemque togatam. A. I, 279-82. A SPERA tum positis mitescent saecula bellis ; cana Fides et Vesta, Remo cum fratre Quirinu 22 FAME Remus, shall be law-givers ; the dread gates of war shall be closed fast with iron clamps. Cursed Frenzy, a prisoner within, sitting on his fierce arms, his hands fettered behind his back with a hundred knots of brass, shall send forth a horrible roaring from his mouth all dripping gore. npHEN shall thou come to that western land, where Lydian Tiber flows through the rich fields of men in stately stream. There wait thee for the winning happy days, a realm and royal bride ; dry thy tears for me, thy loved Creusa. "\/'E hardy children of Dardanus, the very land which first gave you birth from the stock of your fathers shall welcome your re- turning on her bounteous breast. Seek ye then your ancient mother. Here shall the house of Aeneas hold dominion over all the lands, his sons' sons unto countless genera- tions. GLORIA 23 iura dabunt ; dirae ferro et compagibus artis claudentur Belli portae ; Furor impius intus saeva sedens super arma et centum vinctus aenis post tergum nodis fremet horridus ore cruento. A. I, 291-6. TT^T terram Hesperiam venies, ubi Lydius arva inter opima virum leni fluit agmine Thybris : illic res laetae regnumque et regia coniunx parta tibi ; lacrimas dilectae pelle Creusae. .4.2,781-4. T~\ARDANIDAE duri, quae vos a stirpe parentum prima tulit tellus, eadem vos ubere laeto accipiet reduces ; antiquam exquirite matrem. Hie domus Aeneae cunctis dominabitur oris, et nati natorum et qui nascentur ab illis. A. 3, 94-8. WORK 26 WORK To A roicr "C^OR myself I doubt not how grc;il the task, in words to master these things and add distinction to a lowly theme. But my impulse to sing carries me away o'er the lonely heights of sweet Parnassus, rejoicing to wander on the hill where those before me have made no track down the gentle slope to Caslaly. To A QUKKN T HAVE lived my life, I have run the course fortune fixed for mc. Now I pass be- neath the earth, the phantom of a queen. A glorious city have I buildcd. I have seen my now-mado ramparts rise. I have avenged my lord, and exacted retribution from my enemy, my brother. To A LOVF.R A T least set thou to do some one thing that daily need demands, and plait a basket of osiers and pliant rushes. If this one scorns thee, thou wilt find another Alexis to love. LABOR 27 XT EC sum animi dubius verbis ea vincere magnum quam sit, et angustis hunc addere rebus honorem ; sed me Parnasi deserta per ardua dulcis raptat amor ; iuvat ireiugis, qua nulla priorum Castaliam molli devertilur orbita clivo, G. 3> 289-93. T /"IXI, et quam dederat cursum fortuna peregi, et nunc magna mei sub terras ibit imago, urbem praeclaram statui, mea moenia vidi, ulta virum poenas inimico a fratre recepi. A. 4, 653-6. QUIN tu aliquid saltem potius, quorum indiget usus, viminibus mollique paras detexere iunco ? Invenies alium, si te hie fastidit, Alexim. E. 2, 71-3. 28 WORK To A Farmer T N days when chilly rain keeps the farmer indoors, he may deal at leisure with many a task which else on a cloudless day he would presently have to despatch in haste. Courage and Perseverance have THEIR Reward T7ORTUNE will ofttimes bring a man his coveted prize. ■pORTUNE befriends brave spirits. A LITTLE band, but of valorous hearts that pant for fight. THIRST, my son, must thou enfetter him ere he will tell thee all the cause of the disease and make the issue prosperous. LABOR 29 T7 RIGIDUS agricolam si quando continet imber, multa, forent quae post caelo properanda sereno, maturare datur. G. I, 259-61. A TTULIT ipse viris optatum casus honorem. A. 5, 201. A UDENTES Fortuna iuvat. A. 10, 284. T^XIGUI numero, sed bello vivida virtus. A. 5, 754. T_T IC tibi, nate, prius vinclis capiendus, ut omnem expediat morbi causam eventusque secundet. 30 WORK Without force ne'er a counsel will he give, nor shall you bend him by entreaty. Force, adamantine force, bring thou to bear, and fetters when thou boldest him. These round him, at length will his wiles be foiled and avail no more. r^ODDESS-BORN, let us follow fate's ebb and flow. Come what may, Fortune in her worst mood will yield to patience. "\T EVER cry quarter to your woes ; rather press forward with bolder step than your evil star would warrant. The road to safety, you will scarce believe, will first open up from a Grecian city. T3RESS onward, as well thou mayst ! Per- chance on thy misery brighter days will dawn. LABOR 31 Nam sine vi non ulia dabit praecepta, neque ilium orando flectes ; vim duram et vincula capto tende ; doli circum haec demum frangentur inanes. G. 4, 396-400. "M'ATE dea, quo fata trahunt retrahuntque sequamur ; quidquid erit, superanda omnis fortuna ferendo est. A. 5, 709, 10. 'T^U ne cede malis, sed contra audentior ito qua tua te fortuna sinet. Via prima salutis, quod minime reris, Graia pandetur ab urbe. A. 6, 95-7. P>ERGE ; decet. Forsan miseros meliora sequentur. A. 12. 153. 32 WORK T^ ROM me, my boy, learn courage and true labour, from others, fortune. T F hard the toil this season, the next it will be light. /^^ REAT service he does his land who rakes and breaks the lifeless clods, dragging wicker hurdles over them. On him from Olympus on high golden Ceres looks with no meaningless smile. So with him who raises the ridges in his first ploughing and yet again wheels his plough and breaks through them crosswise, and insistent tasks his ground, making his fields feel all his sovereignty. ISJ OTHING but yields to toil, unflinching toil, and the pressure of want in hard times. LABOR 33 T^ISCE, puer, virtutem ex me verumque laborem, fortunam ex aliis. A. 12, 435, 6. O ED tamen alternis facilis labor. G. 1,79- "IX /r ULTUM adeo, lastris glaebas qui frangit inertes vimineasque trahit crates, iuvat arva, neque ilium llava Ceres alto nequiquam spectat Olympo ; et qui proscisso quae suscitat aequore terga, rursus in obliquum verso perrumpit aratro, exercetque frequens tellurem atque imperat arvis. G. I, 94-IOO. Labor omnia vieit improbus, et duris urgens in rebus egestas. G. I, 145, 6. 34 WORK Rest after Toil n|"^HEN, when they have laid them to rest in their chambers, silence reigns through the deepening night, and wearied limbs resign to welcome sleep. A LL creatures o'er the wide earth in their sleep were casting loose from care, and hearts forgot their anguish. T N a deep bay there is a natural harbour formed by an island's jutting sides, whereon breaks every wave as it rolls in from the main, sending its parted billows into retreating creeks. On either hand are huge cliffs with twin rocks menacing the sky, safe 'neath whose peaks stretch the waters un- ruffled, still. Above, a theatre of waving trees, the dark woodland with its dense shade overhanging all. Looking seaward is a cave formed by jutting rocks, wherein is fresh water and stone benches shaped by nature's hand, a very home for Nymphs. No hawser LABOR 35 TDOST, ubi iam thalamis se composuere, siletur in noetem, fessosque sopor suus occupat artus. G. 4, 189, 90. /^^ETERA per terras omnes animalia somno laxabant curas et corda oblita laborum. A. 9, 224, 5. T^ST in secessu longo locus : insula portum efficit obiectu laterum, quibus omnis ab alto frangitur inque sinus scindit sese unda reductos. hinc atque hinc vastae rupes geminique minantur in caelum scopuli, quorum sub vertice late aequora tuta silent ; turn silvis scaena coruscis desuper horrentique atrum nemus imminet umbra ; fronte sub adversa scopulis pendentibus antrum, 36 WORK here ne^d moor the storm-tossed barque, nor anchor hold it with curving grip. T IVE on in happiness, as do they whose adventures are o'er ; we are called on from fate to fate. Your rest is won ; ye need no more to plough the sea. T_T ERE, here shalt thou set up thine abode ; depart not from thy dwelling. Be not appalled by threats of war. All the rising wrath of heaven hath subsided. LABOR 37 intus aquae dulces vivoque sedilia saxo, nympharum domus. hie fessas non vincula naves ulla tenent, unco non alligat ancora morsu. A. I, 159-69. \ 7IVITE felices, quibus est fortuna peracta iam sua : nos alia ex aliis in fata vocamur. Vobis parta quies : nullum maris aequor arandum. ^- 3, 493-5- T T IC tibi carta domus, certi (ne absiste) penates ; neu belli terrere minis ; tumor omnis et irae concessere deum. A. 8, 39-41. PATRIOTISM 40 PATRIOTISM 'Creation's Mildest Charms are THERE Combined ' T N this land the soil was ne'er turned by fire-breathing bulls, no fierce serpent's teeth were sown, no thick crop sprang up of warriors' casques and spears. But instead heavy-eared corn crops and Bacchus' Massic juice have invaded the whole land; it is garri- soned — by olive trees and lusty herds. Hence the charger careers proudly o'er the plain ; hence, Clitumnus, thy snowy flocks and the mighty victim bull often dip them in thy sacred waters ere they lead the triumphs in Rome on to the temples of the gods. Here spring knows no waning, and summer lingers on to months it cannot claim. Twice breed the cattle, twice does the tree tender service of its fruit. Ravening tigers are not known, nor the fierce lion's cubs ; there is no monks- hood to cheat the poor herb-gleaner, the scaly serpent speeds not o'er the ground his monstrous curves, nor gathers his coils so hugely as in other lands. AMOR PATRIAE 41 TT AEC loca non tauri spirantes naribus ignem invertere satis immanis dentibus hydri, nee galeis densisque virum seges horruit hastis ; sed gravidae fruges et Bacchi Massicus umor implevere : tenent oleae armentaque laeta. Hinc bellator equus campo sese arduus infert, hinc albi, Clitumne, greges et maxima taurus victima, saepe tuo perfusi flumine sacro, Romanes ad templa deum duxere triumphos. Hie ver adsiduum atque alienis mensibus aestas : bis gravidae pecudes, bis pomis utilis arbos. At rabidae tigres absunt et saeva leonum semina, nee miseros fallunt aconita legentes, nee rapit immensos orbes per humum, neque tanto squameus in spiram traetu se colligit anguis. G. 2, 140-54. 42 PATRIOTISM An Imperial Mission /^"\THERS shall work breathing statues of bronze to softer lines, ay, shall charm, I trow, living features from marble, shall plead their client's causes more eloquently, and with the pencil mark out the pathways of the sky, and tell what stars are due to rise. Do thou, Roman, forget not to rule the nations with might resistless. These shall be thine arts, to dictate the terms of peace, sparing the submissive, but crushing the proud in war. Doing and Fighting for Country A/'ET howsoe'er posterity shall count the deed, love of his country shall prevail, and boundless desire for her glory. 'T^HRICE happy they whose lot it was to look death in the face beneath the towering battlements of Troy, while their sires looked proudly on. AMOR PATRIAE 43 T^XCUDENT alii, spirantia mollius aera (credo equidem), vivos ducent de marmore vultus, orabunt causas melius, caelique meatus describent radio et surgentia sidera dicent : tu regere imperio populos, Romane, memento (hae tibi erunt artes), pacisque imponere morem, parcere subiectis et debellare superbos. A. 6, 847-53. Utcumque ferent ea facta minores, Vincet amor patriae laudumque immensa cupido. A. 6, 822, 3. O TERQUE quaterque beati, quis ante ora patrum Troiae sub moenibus altis contigit oppetere ! A. i, 94-6. 44 PATRIOTISM A LAS, fly hence, goddess-born, save thyself from these flames. The enemy holds the walls : from her lofty pinnacles down falls Troy. Enough hast thou done for king and country. /^THER hands there are to strike for hearth and home. AMOR PATRIAE 45 ' L_r EU fuge, nate dea, teque his,' ait, ' eripe flammis. hostis habet muros ; ruit alto a culmine Troia. sat patriae Priamoque datum.' A. 2, 289-91. O UNT alii qui tecta manu defendere possint. A. 12, 627. DEATH 48 DEATH There is no Death np*0 this divine element they say all things go back at last, and by dissolution return. Death has no place. Living they fly each into the place of a star, finding rest in high heaven. Burial T PRAY there may be one to win my body from the fray or ransom it with gold, and lay me in the earth, or if any wonted hap shall deny me this, to offer funeral gifts to my absent corpse, and honour it with a tomb. T ET me but share my poor boy's sepulchre. Death with Honour VT'ET with this thought, poor boy, may'st thou find solace for thy sad end : 'tis by the right hand of mighty Aeneas thou fallest. MORS 49 CCILICET hue reddi deinde ac resoluta referri omnia, nee morti esse locum, sed viva volare sideris in numerum atque alto succedere eaelo. G. 4, 225-7. OIT qui me raptum pugna pretiove re- demptum mandet humo, solita aut si qua id Fortuna vetabit, absenti ferat inferias decoretque sepulcro. ^. 9, 2I3-5- T^T me consortem nati concede sepulero. A. 10, 906. T T OC tamen infelix miseram solabere mortem : Aeneae magni dextra cadis. A. 10, 829, 30. D 50 DEATH A T least, Evander, thou shalt not see a recreant son, smitten with shameful wounds. T S it then so passing sad to die ? Ye gods of hell, I pray be gracious to me, since the gods of heaven have turned their faces from me. A spirit without stain and innocent of the recreant's disgrace, I come down to you, no degenerate son of my mighty fore- fathers. A/ET not devoid of honour hath thy queen left thee in thy dying hour : thine end shall not go noiseless through the world, nor shall men know thee unavenged. For whoso inflicted on thee the desecrating wound, he hath deserved to die, and he shall pay. N EVER, never shall we all die unavenged. MORS 51 At non, Evandre, pudendis vulneribus pulsum aspicies. A. II, 55,6. T TSQUE adeone mori miserum est? Vos o mihi, Manes, este boni, quoniam superis aversa voluntas, sancta ad vos anima atque istius nescia culpae descendam magnorum baud umquam indignus avorura. A. 12, 646-9. "^r ON taviien indecorem tua te regina reliquit extrema iam in morte, neque hoc sine nomine letum per gentes erit aut famam patieris inultae. Nam quicumque tuum violavit vulnere corpus morte luet merita. A. II, 845-9. TvT UMQUAM omnes hodie moriemur inulti. A. 2, 670. 52 DEATH A Happy Death 'T^HOU, my sainted wife, how happy in thy death, that thou wast not spared to feel this anguish. MORS 53 Tuque, o sanctissima coniunx, felix morte tua neque in Iiunc servata dolorem. A. II, 158, 9. MAN 56 MAN Sympathy TV /r E too a like fortune, after tossing me on a tumultuous sea of toil, has willed to settle at last in this land. In suffering's school have I learnt how to succour the wretched. A THOUSAND chosen heroes he sends to attend the last rites, and mingle their tears with the tears of his sire. How deep the grief, how shallow the solace ! — Yet such as is due to a mourning father. "DE it mine to pity the mischance of my faultless friend. TTOWE'ER the day shall end, we share the danger that threatens both, we shall share a common deliverance. HOMO 57 TV /T E quoque per multos siniilis fortuna labores iactatam hac deinum voluit consistere terra. Non ignara mali miseris succurrere disco. A. I, 628-30. IX/riLLE viros, qui supremum comitentur honorem, intersintque patris lacrimis, solacia luctus exigua ingentis, misero sed debita patri. A. II, 61-3. 1\ /TE liceat casus miserari insontis amici. A. 5, 350- QUO res cumque cadent, unum et commune periclum, una salus ambobus erit. A. 2, 709, 10. 58 MAN Goodwill "M" OUGHT, my friend, hast thou left un- done : every due hast thou paid to Dei- phobus and to his shade. "11 /"HOE'ER thou art, from this hour forget the Greeks you have lost : one of us shalt thou be. Children A ND now farewell ! Cherish in thy heart the love we bore our child. T F but before your flight I had had a child begotten of thee, if my eye could but rest on some little Aeneas playing in my palace, whose face might yet image thine, then not so wholly should I feel myself duped and forsaken. HOMO 59 Nihil o tibi, amice, relictum : Omnia Deiphobo solvisti et funeris umbris. A. 6, 509, 10. QUISQUIS es (amissos hinc iani oblivis- cere Graios), noster eris. A. 2, 148, 9. TAMQUE vale, et nati serva communis amor em. A. 2, 789. O ALTEM si qua mihi de te suscepta fuisset ante fugam suboles, si quis mihi parvulus aula luderet Aeneas, qui te tamen ore referret, non equidem omnino capta ac deserta viderer. A. 4, 327-30. 6o MAN T T OW glad ihey are, when the rain is passed, once more to look to their tiny young, their sweet nestlings. Love A LL that are in the earth, the race of men and of beasts alike, the tribes of the sea, cattle and gay-plumaged birds, consign them- selves to passion's fiery furnace. None can escape love. "D AIN is a blessing to young corn, arbutus to weaned kids, the bending willow to the breeding herd ; Amyntas alone to me. Festivity 'll TTNTER, winter is the farmers' holiday. 'Tis when the frost is on the ground he enjoys his store, rejoices with his neigh- bours, and gives himself to interchange of HOMO 6i luvAT imbribus aclis piogeniem parvam dulcesque revisere nidos. G. 1,413,4. /^MNE ndeo genus in terris hominumque ferarumque et genus aequoreum, pecudespictaequevolucres, in furias ignemque ruunt : amor omnibus idem. G. 3, 242-4. T"\ULCE satis umor, depulsis arbutus haedis, lenta salix feto pecori, mihi solus Amyntas. E. 3, 82, 3. IIiEMPS ignava colono: frigoribus parto agricolae plerumque fruuntur, mutuaque inter se laeti convivia curant. invitat genialis hiemps cura'^que resolvit, 62 MAN hospitality. Merry winter, inviting him to joy, bids dull care begone, just as when laden barques make port at last, and merry sailors crown the stern with garlands. T N their deep-dug caverns the people fleet the time carelessly beneath the earth : piles of logs and whole elms they roll up to the hearth and fling on to the fire. Here they pass the night in games, and merrily in their cups of service-berry barm imagine they are quaffing goblets of wine. Such is the wild race of men that lives under Charles's Wain, buffeted by the east wind from the Rhipaean hills, and clad in the tawny hides of their cattle. HOMO 63 ceu pressae cum iam portum tetigere carinae, puppibus et laeti nautae imposuere coronas. G. I, 299-304. T PSI in defossis specuV)us secura sub alia otia agunt terra, congestaque robora totasque advolvere focis ulmos ignique dedere. Hie noctem ludo ducunt, et pocula laeti fermento atque acidis imitantur vitea sorbis. Talis Hyperboreo septem subiecta trioni gens efifrena virum Rhipaeo tunditur Euro et pecudum fulvis velatur corpora saetis. G. 3, 376-83. GOD 66 GOD His Assurance of Help T^ EVER will I desert thee, till I stablish thee safe in thy father's home. T_T ERE shall be the site of thy city, here thine appointed rest from toil. . . . The Fates shall find a way, and Apollo come to thy call. TVr OW too my purpose holds firm : away with fear. In safety shall he reach the haven of Avernus, even as thou desirest. His Will be Done 'T*RUE, the path of tillage is no easy one, but it is by the ordinance of the Heavenly Father himself, who was the first to stir the fields by art, sharpening the wits of man on the whetstone of trouble, nor suffer- ing His realm to lie motionless in heavy sloth. DEUS 6l "XT USQUAM abero et tutum patrio te limine sistam. A, 2, 620. T S locus urbis erit, requies ea certa laborum. Fata viam invenient aderitque vocatus Apollo. A. 2,, 393, 5- "\T UNC quoque mens eadem perstat mihi : pelle timores. Tulus, quos optas, portus accedet Averni. A. 5, S12, 3. Pater ipse colendi baud facilem esse viam voluit, primusque per artem movit agros curis acuens mortalia corda, nee torpere gravi passus sua regna veterno. G. I, 121-4. 68 GOD "D HIPEUS loo falls; of all the Trojans he had lived the truest life, the staunchest upholder of right. Heaven's ways are not as ours. TT ASTE ye away in flight. Had the Dwellers in Heaven willed to prolong my life, they would have saved my home from ruin. T^EAR husband, in this surely is seen the hand of Heaven. It may not be that thou carry hence thy Creusa to share thy wanderings, nor doth the Great Ruler of high Olympus allow it. 'T^O Phoebus let us yield, and, as he bids, follow wiser counsels. OPARE me, spare thyself the vexation of thy taunts ; 'tis not by choice I steer for Italy. DEUS 69 Cadit et Rhipeus, iustissimus unus Qui fuit in Teucris et servantissimus aequi ; Dis aliter visum. A. 2, 426-8. "j\ /T E si caelicolae voluissent ducere vitam, has mihi servassent sedes. A. 2, 641, 2. /^ DULCIS coniux, non haec sine nuniine divum eveniunt ; nee te hinc comiteui asportare Creusam fas aut ille sinit superi regnator Olympi. A. 2, 777-9. /^EDAMUS Phoebo et moniti meliora sequamur. A. 3, 188. T^ESINE meque tuis incendere teque querelis ; Italiam non sponte sequor. A. 4, 360, I. 70 GOD CEEST thou not that other strength is here, and that the favour of Heaven is turned from thee ? Yield then to God. His Mercies Here /"^OMRADES mine (in days gone by we have felt the pinch of trouble), ye who have borne heavier sorrows than these, to these also will God grant an end. Ye have looked the rage of Scylla in the face, and the cliffs whose caverns bellow, ye have dared the rocks of the Cyclops, Take heart then, and away with saddening fear ; perchance some day we shall smile when we recall this hour. Mischances manifold and Fortune's many buffets do not stop our course to Latium, whither the Fates beckon us to home and rest ; there the kingdom of Troy may by God's will rise again. Endure, live on to see better days. DEUS 71 "Vr ON vires alias conversaque numina sentis ? Cede deo. A. 5, 466, 7. /^ SOCII (neque enim igiiari sumus ante malorum), O passi graviora, dabit deus his quoque finem. Vos et Scyllaeam rabiem penitusque sonantes accestis scopulos, vos et Cyclopia saxa expert! : revocate animos maestumque timorem mittite ; forsan et haec olim meminisse iuvabit. Per varios casus, per tot discrimina rerum tendimus in Latium, sedes ubi fata quietas ostendunt ; illic fas regna resurgere Troiae. Durate, et vosmet rebus servate secundis. A. I, 198-207, 72 GOD T~\0 thou offer gifts with outstretched hands when thou prayest for pardon, and worship the merciful maidens of the glade ; they will grant thee grace in answer to thy vows, and lay aside their wrathful indignation. HTHESE tempests of the soul, these Titanic struggles are quelled and laid to rest by a little handful of scattered dust. His Rewards Hereafter T>UT the Mighty Mother of the Gods wills that I tarry on these shores. T HAUNT not loveless Tartarus nor the region of wailing ghosts ; but I live in sweet converse with the blest in Elysium. DEUS 73 Tu munera supplex Tende petens pacem, et faciles veueiare Napaeas ; namquedabunt veniam votis, irasque remittent. G. 4, 534-6. TT I motus animorum atque haec certamina tanta pulveris exigui iactu compressa quiescent. G. 4, 86, 7. Q ED me magna deum genetrix his detinet oris. A. 2, 788. NoN me impia namque Tartara habent, tristes umbrae, sed amoena piorum concilia Elysiumque colo. A. 5, 733-5- 74 GOD QO came they to the joyous land where the blest lie 'mid pleasant glades of green woodland, their happy dwelling-place. A freer air is there clothing the fields wiih a bright light ; their own sun have they, and their own stars. \^HAT joy they had in chariots and armour while they lived, what love of pasturing glossy steeds, that still follows them now that they are laid in earth. T_T ERE is a troop of heroes who suffered wounds while fighting their country's battles, those who were lifelong holy priests, or pious bards uttering song that Phoebus' self might hear, or who found out arts to smooth the path of life, and who by their service to men won a memory among them. The brows of all these are circled with snowy chaplets. DEUS 75 "n\EVENERE locos laetos et amoena vireta fortunatorum nemorum sedesque beatas. Largior hie campos aether et lumine vestit purpureo, solemque suum, sua sidera norunt. A. 6, 638-41. Quae gratia currum armorumque fuit vivis, quae cura nitentes pascere equos, eadem sequitur tellure repostos. A. 6, 653-5. TT IC manus ob patriam pugnando vulnera passi, quique sacerdotes casti, dum vita manebat, quique pii vates et Phoebo digna locuti, inventas aut qui vitam excohiere per artes, quique sui memores alios fecere merendo : omnibus his nivea cinguntur tempora vitta. A. 6, 660-5. 76 GOU XT IM who once fared forth from his Etruscan home at Corythus, the golden palace of the star-spangled sky now welcomes on his throne, swelling * the altar-roll of heaven.' DEUS 77 T_r INC ilium Corythi Tyrrhena ab sede profectum aurea nunc solio stellantis regia caeli accipit, et numerum divorum altaribus auget. J. 7, 209-11. UC SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY B 000 006 337 o