I-NRLF B 3 BERKELEY Llf^ARY UN IV . 'SiTY OF CALIFORNIA ENTOMOLOGY BE.W.CLASSEY, RES Natural History Bookseller TTTJ] eller. I I (ED.l 11 3ohn.__| > ACCENTUATED LIST OF THE BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA, WITH HINTS ON THE DERIVATION OF THE NAMES. PUBLISHED BY THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETIES OF OXFORD AND CAMBRIDGE. LONDON: JOHN VAN VOORST, PATERNOSTER ROW. 1858. EKTGHOLOGT PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STRKKT. L 3^5 J ENTOMOLOGY OXFORD UNIVERSITY ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. (Established November 1856.) COUNCIL. The Eev. H. AD AIR PICKAED, M. A., Christ Church, President. M. A. MATHEWS, Merton College, Curator. E. STOWE, Braseuose College, Treasurer. C. E. KEMPE, Pembroke College, Secretary. J. O. WESTWOOD, M.A., F.L.S., V.-P. Entom. S. Lond., M. Ent. S. France and Stettin, S. Nat. Hist. Mosq., Halens., Lundens., Monac., Quebec, Lugdun., Leodin., Lillens., Boston, U.S., Acad. Cses. Nat. Cur. Soc. ; Magdalen College, Keeper of the Hopeian Museum. J. T. D. LLEWELYN, B.A., Christ Church. CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. (Established May 1857.) COUNCIL. CHAELES CAEDALE BABINGTON, M.A., F.C.P.S., F.E.S., F.L.S., F.a.S., M. Entom. S. Lond. ; St. John's College, F. BAELOW, Vice-President. T. BEOWN, Vice-President. J. W. DTJNNINa, B.A., F.C.P.S, M. Entom. S. Lond., Fellow of Trinity College, Vice-President. A. F, SEALY, M.A., F.C.P.S., M. Entom. S. Lond., Gonville and Caius College, Treasurer and Secretary. a2 M893323 PREFACE. THE want of uniformity in the pronunciation of scien- tific names, and the consequent difficulty of communica- tion between the less -educated, but often more practical, men of science, is an admitted evil. To afford a remedy, so far as Lepidopterology is concerned, and for the especial use and benefit of those to whom circumstances have denied the advantage of a classical education, while their inborn love of Natural History has led them to the study of this Order of Insects, we have published " An Accentuated List of the British Lepidoptera." It has been urged upon us that we ought to have given all the synonymic names. Undoubtedly the in- vestigation of synonyms is an important part of the work of those who undertake the labour of classification, but it does not come within the scope of our present intention. Our aim is only to effect a uniform, and, as far as may be, a correct, pronunciation of a Nomencla- ture already established by competent authority. For synonyms we refer to Doubleday's " List," and Stainton's " Lep. Britann. Tineina," from which our series of names is principally derived. To Mr. Doubleday our warmest thanks are due, for his kindness in supplying us with a MS. copy of a considerable portion of his forthcoming Catalogue, VI PREFACE. Our primary object, and our chief hope, is to confer a boon on the unlearned. Yet have we not thought it unbecoming our position to execute a work of somewhat higher pretensions, and endeavour to render an account of the derivations of the names, with the reasons, where any can be assigned, why such names have been applied to particular genera and species. We issue therefore this Etymological volume, as a companion to the " Accentuated List/' venturing to indulge the hope that it may prove useful to some, and displeasing to none, of our Entomologists. Linne, the author of that binary system of Nomen- clature which has now been adopted in every depart- ment of the Natural History of organized beings, lays down various maxims for regulating the selection of names. His object was to exclude barbarism and con- fusion ; nevertheless many names given by Linne himself are fanciful enough, and not peculiarly applicable they are casual or arbitrary appellations. His precept con- cerning the formation of the names of species is one of considerable latitude ; for, when the name of the genus is assigned, the species, he says, may be marked by adding to it a nomen triviale, " a single word taken at will from any quarter.' 1 Such names, whether appro- priate or not, when once established by adequate au- thority, soon lose their inconvenience : and accordingly it is now recognized as a Rule, that, in every case, the trivial name first published shall be retained, and all later synonyms rejected. While giving in, with all readi- ness, our adhesion to the spirit of this Rule, we do not interpret it with that literal strictness in which it has been understood by its most zealous supporters, and have therefore ventured slightly to alter a few of the PREFACE. Vll names, where misprinting or misspelling has marred the author's intention and obscured his meaning. We have not presumed to make any great change, or to recoin a word, solely because it was barbarous and malformed : in fact, our alterations are confined for the most part to the insertion, rejection, or variation of single letters, in cases where the error was manifestly a typographical one; or, in cases where a species derives its name from some locality or person, to effecting an accordance between the title of the insect and the name of the place, or of the Entomologist, in whose honour, and to perpetuate whose fame, the insect has thus been christened. In all such instances, the misnomer by which the insect has been denoted is given in square brackets immediately after the corrected form of the name. It would savour too much of pedantry to insist upon the invariable hard pronunciation of the c and y. That the Greek * and y were always pronounced hard is not doubted ; and some have maintained that the same rule applied to the Roman c and g \ but on this point we have deferred to prevailing custom, and have usually softened those letters before the vowels e, i, and y. In one case we have not ventured to lay down a rule, viz. as regards the accentuation of quadrisyllabic words in which the penultimate and antepenultimate are both short. Take, e. g., Cassiope and Corticea : in words like the former of these, in which the last syllable is long, there is no greater difficulty of pronunciation in laying the stress upon the first syllable than upon the second, and this is particularly the case in those words in which the vowel i can assume the power of y. Latin scholars are divided as to the proper accentuation of Vlll PREFACE. mulieres, Tulliola, and other such words : though custom is in favour of muli'eres, mul'ieres appears to be more correct. But this point, on which so great difference of opinion exists, we leave each Entomologist to decide for himself. It will be observed that " all vowels are to be pro- nounced short, except when marked long." Thus, our use of the sign ( ) is orthophonic, rather than prosodic ; and we have avoided altogether the use of the sign (->). As was stated at the outset, our primary object is to produce an accentuated List for the benefit of the less learned Entomologists : to such, the multiplicity of symbols would seem confusion, and we have therefore striven to introduce as few signs as possible, hoping to make the List intelligible to all, and thereby to render some assistance towards the attainment of that consum- mation so much to be desired, a uniform pronunciation of the names of the British Lepidoptera. May we be allowed, in conclusion, to ask the attention of scientific authors and Nomenclators to the following considerations ? 1. Although the name of an insect is to be regarded as a mere name, and not as a compendious description, yet it is desirable that it should denote some peculiarity, or express some property or habit, pertaining to that particular insect. 2. It is convenient to form generic names from the Greek, specific names* from the Latin. * The term " specific name " is now so commonly adopted, that the time for protesting against its use has perhaps gone by. It is easy to see that it had its origin in the desire of making the adjective belonging to the noun species homceoteleutan with that belonging to genus : nor is it less easy to see that this desire has led to the misapplication of a word. PREFACE. IX 3. That the names should be formed on the analogy of existing Greek or Latin words : but that it is ad- visable to maintain a uniformity of -termination through- out each Tribe, to assist the memory. 4. Names taken from localities commonly become inappropriate, from the occurrence of the species in other places : and names taken from persons should not be lightly applied. This distinction should be reserved for those whose works and scientific labours give them a claim to the admiration of posterity. November 1858. For, specific (from species, facere) is that which makes a thing of the species of which it is ; while that which notes a species is special. Thus, " special name," not " specific name," is strictly correct. Since both these adjectives are in common use, with significations different from one another and from either of the above, it would perhaps be well (if the compound "species-name " be considered open to objection) to retain the Linnaean designation "trivial name." LIST OF AUTHOKS AND NOMENCLATORS WHOSE NAMES AEE ADOPTED IN THE CATALOGUE. BECHSTEIN, Johann Matthias, born in 1757, at Waltershausen, in Gotha, where he originated a school of natural history ; he afterwards removed to the Court of the Duke of Saxe-Meiiiingen, and presided over an esta- blishment for the advancement of natural history and hunting. He died in 1810. Bechstein was the author of " Naturgeschichte der in- uiid auslandischen Insecten " (Nuremberg, 1793), "Naturgesch. der schadlichen Wald- insecten" (1798), "Naturgesch. aller schadl. Forstin- secten" (Leipsic, 1803-5, in conjunction with Scharfen- berg), and of many other works on almost every branch of Zoology. BEDELL, George, of London, an assiduous collector of British Lepidoptera; with the exception of some communica- tions to " The Zoologist," is not known as an author. BENTLEY, William, was a working optician in London, a most persevering and successful collector of British Lepidoptera, in conjunction with Mr. Chant ; was com- pelled from ill-health to give up the pursuit, and his collection is now in the possession of Mr. Edwin Shep- herd (Sec. Entom. Soc. Lond.). Bentley has written little ; but one or two papers by him will be found in the early volumes of " The Zoologist." BJERKANDER, Claudius, born in 1735, was Pastor of Gref- back, in Westrogothland, Sweden, and died in 1795. In the " Svenska Vetenskaps Akademiens Handlingar " are several papers by this author, on Botany, on various destructive larvae, and containing Calendars of Insects and descriptions of new species. BOISDUVAL, Dr. Jean Alphonse, of Paris, born in 1801, edu- cated at the Medical School of Paris, and took his M.D. in 1828, is a Member of the Legion of Honour, of the Entom. Soc. of France and London, and of the Imp. Xll LIST OF AUTHORS Soc. N. H. of Moscow. Is the author of numerous works, of which the chief are " L'Histoire Naturelle cles Insectes Lepidopteres ; Species general des Lepidopteres (Suites a Buffon)" (1836), and "Genera et Index Methodicus Europ. Lepidop." (1840). Dr. Boisduval confines his attention to Lepidoptera, of which he possesses one of the finest collections in existence: his works are cha- racterized by a very extensive knowledge of species, but also by the want of attention to those minute structural details which the present state of science demands^ his characters being almost always taken from the external parts of the insects. BORKHAUSEN, Moritz Balthasar, born in 1732, held various offices under the government of Hesse Darmstadt, and was finally Kammerrath in the Oberforst-Collegium. In conjunction with Brahm, he edited the " Rheinisches Magazin zur Erweiterung der Naturkunde " (begun in 1793), and published in that periodical "Entom. Be- merk. und Berichtigungen," " Ornithologie von Ober- Hessen," &c. He was also author of a " Versuch einer Erklarung der zoologischen Terminologie " (1790), and of "Deutsche Fauna " (1797) : his chief work on Lepi- doptera is "Naturgesch. der Europ. Schmetterlinge, nach syst. Ordnung " (Frankfort, 5 vols., 1788-94), a work comprehensive and complete, valuable for its suc- cinct descriptions, and the emendation of the synonymy of the species. Borkhausen died in 1807. Bosc, Louis Augustine Guillaume Bosc (ci-devant d' Antic), born in Paris, in 1759; was originally intended for the army, but obtained employment in the French Post- Office : his collection of insects is said to have contained 6000 species. Being driven from the capital by the Revolution of 1 793, he studied Natural History in various parts of Europe and America; was the author of the Articles on "Erpetologie " in the " Nouveau Diet. d'Hist. Naturelle," of " Hist. Nat. des Insectes " (continuation of Buffon), " Hist. Nat. des Coquilles " (1801), " Hist. Nat. des Vers " (1802), " Hist. Nat. des Crusta 9 es " (1802), &c. Bosc died in 1828 : after his decease, his collection was obtained by the Administration of the Jardin des Plantes. BOUCHK, P. F., a market-gardener near Berlin, author of "Naturgesch. der schadlicheii und niitzlichen Garten- Insekten" (Berlin, 1833), "Naturgesch. der Insekten " (1834) ; and of " Beitrage zur Insektenkunde," " Be- merk. iiber die Larven der zweifliigligen Insekten," AM) NOMENCLATORS. Xlll " Bemerk. iiber die Gattung Pulex," published in the N. Act. Nat. Cur. 1838. BRAHM, Nic. J v author of " Handbuch der okonomischen Insectengeschichte " (Mainz, 1792), " Fauna Entom. der Gegend um Mainz " (Giessen, 1793), " Insektenkalender fiir Sammler und Oekonomen" (Mainz, 1790-91), &c. Also wrote in Scriba's " Beitragen zur Insektenge- schichte" (Frankfort, 1790-93). BRUAND, The*ophile, of Besanyon; author of " Entomologie " (Besanon, 1844), of papers in the Annales de la Soc. Entom. de France, and of the " Essai Monographique sur la Tribu des Psychides" (1853). CLERCK, Karl, a Swedish entomologist, the precise dates of whose birth and death are not known : he was the friend and disciple of Linne, and a Member of the Royal Acad. of Sciences at Upsala. His chief works are "Aranei Suecici, descrip. et fig. illustrati" (Stockholm, 1757), " Nomeiiclator extemporaneus rerum naturalium, Plan- tarum, Insectorum, Conchylium, sec. Syst. Nat. Linn, (ed. X mas ) editus" (1759), "Icones Insectorum rariorum cumnominibus eorum triv. locisque e C. Linn. Syst. Nat. allegatis" (1759-64), and papers in the Vet. Akad. Handlingar. Linne speaks of the Icones as " pulcher- rimum opus quod etiamnum vidit orbis litteratus:" a revision of it has lately appeared in the Entom. Zeitung of the Stettin Society. CURTTS, John, F.L.S., late Pres. Ent. Soc. of London, born in Norfolk, and originally employed near Norwich as an entomological artist : not content with merely drawing insects, Mr. Curtis studied their forms and habits, and made a Collection of all Orders of British and foreign Insects : in 1829 he published " A Guide to the Arrange- ment of British Insects/' and between 1824-40 appeared, in 16 vols. 8vo, the "British Entomology/' a work allowed on all hands to contain some of the best entomological figures existing. Mr. Curtis is also the author of nume- rous papers in the Entomological Magazine, in the Trans- actions Zool. Soc. and Linn. Soc., the Ann. of N. Hist., and in the Journ. Agric. Soc. of Eng., on the Nat. Hist, and (Economy of Insects affecting the Crops : the last- mentioned papers, illustrated by a large number of plates representing the various species of insects obnoxious to the horticulturist and agriculturist, are now in course of republi cation. DALE, J. C., M.A. (Cantab.), F.C.P.S., F.L.S., of Glanville's Wootton, Dorsetshire, V.P. of the Dorset County Nat. XIV LIST OF AUTHORS Hist. Soc., for the last half-century a collector of British insects : author of Entomological Notes and papers in the Entom. Mag., Mag. Nat. Hist., Ann. and Mag. N. H., and in The Zoologist. DALMAN, Johann Wilhelm, a Swede, author of " Forsok til systematisk uppstallning af Sveriges Fjarilar," and many other papers in the Vet. Akad. Handl. between the years 1816-27 : of " Aarsberattelse om nyare Zoologiska Arbeten och Upptacktar " (Stockholm, 8 vols., 1821-28), and " Analecta Entomologica " (1823). DESVIGNES, Thomas, of Woodford, Essex, a collector of Coleo- ptera, Lepidoptera, and Hymenoptera (particularly Ich- neumonidae) : author of " Notes on the Genus Peronea " and other communications to The Zoologist, of papers in The Entomologist, The Entom. Mag., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., and of the " Catalogue of British Ichneumonidae in the Collection of the British Museum" (1856). DONOVAN, Edward, born about 1770, author of "Natural History of British Insects" (London, 16 vols., 1792- 1803), "Epitome of Nat. Hist, of Insects of New Holland, and the Islands of the Indian, Southern, and Pacific Oceans" (1803), "Nat. Hist, of Insects of China" (1798), "Epitome of Nat. Hist, of Insects of India" (1800-4). But it was not to Entomology alone that Donovan di- rected his attention : he published a " Natural Historv of British Birds" (1792-97), "Nat. Hist, of Br. Shells" (1799), "Nat. Hist, of Br. Fishes" (1808), and "Nat. Hist, of Br. Quadrupeds " (1823), together with other works. Though he laboured so much in the cause of science, he died in destitute circumstances in 1837. Donovan's fame as an Entomologist must rest entirely on his artistic merits and his wonderful skill in colours. Some of his figures (in the early impressions of his works), such for instance as Curculio regalis, Papilio Ulysses, &c., are perfect gems of colour. His drawings for Rees's Cyclopaedia were indeed exhibited in public. Elsewhere, however, we must look for scientific detail. He was, in fact, incapable of appreciating the growth of science, as developed by Latreille, Leach, &c., during the first forty years of the present century; and amongst his unpublished MSS., preserved in the Hopeiaii Library, are many invectives, especially against Leach, as well as Haworth, whom he always regarded with the jealousy of a rival. His copy of the "Lepidoptera Britannica" of Haworth, also in the Hopeian Library, is full of once bitter, but now amusing remarks against his adversary. AND NOMENCLATORS. XV He had formed large collections for a work on Fossil Crustaceology, the materials for which, as well as num- bers of his original drawings, are in the Hopeian Col- lection. Donovan had, however, a more extended genius, and his " Tour through South Wales " is still one of the best archaeological works on that part of the Principality. He had also studied Chinese, as may be seen by nume- rous quotations in his " Naturalist's Miscellany ;" and various curious illustrated Chinese works on Astronomy, Astrology, Natural History, &c., with his marginal notes, are in the possession of Mr. Westwood. DONZEL, Hugues, of Lyons, elected in 1833 a Mem. of the Ent. Soc. of France : author of Descriptions of new species of Lepidoptera, and other papers, in the " Annales " of that Society for the years 1838-39. DOUBLEDAY, Henry, of Epping, author of " Nomenclature of British Birds" (1839, 3rd edit.), "List of British Lepi- doptera" (1847), "A Synonymic List of Brit. Lep." (1850), and of many short communications to The Zoo- logist. A new " Synonymic List of British Lepido- ptera," prepared by Mr. Doubleday, with the assistance of M. Guenee, is on the point of appearing. D.OUGLAS, John Williams, of Lee, Kent : late Sec. Ent. Soc. Lond., and author of some valuable Monographs in the Transactions of that Society, of many papers in The Zoo- logist and The Entomologist, and of " The World of In- sects ; a Guide to its Wonders " (1856). Mr. Douglas is also joint-author of "The Natural History of the Tineina." DUPONCHEL, A. J., late Vice-Pres. of the Soc. Ent. de France, was the Director of the Theatre Fra^ais in Paris, author of " Hist. Nat. des Lepidopteres de France," " Icono- graphie des Chenilles, pour faire suite a THist. Nat. des Lepidop." (Paris, 1832), "Catalogue Methodique des Lepidop. d'Europe" (1831 and 1844), and of many papers in the Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. EDLESTON, R. S., of Manchester, a collector of British Lepi- doptera : with the exception of some communications to The Zoologist, is not known as an author. ESPER, Eugene Johann Christoph, born in 1742 : at first studied Theology and Philosophy, but subsequently applied himself entirely to Natural History : was the author of " Die Europ. Schmett. in Abbild. nach der Natur und mit Beschreibungen " (Erlangen, 1777-1807), "Die ausland. Schmett. in Abbild," (1785-98), "Lehrbuch der Mineralogie" (1810), &c. ; and commenced a History XVI LIST OF AUTHORS of Zoophytes, which was continued by Goldfuss and Lamouroux. Esper died at Erlangeii in 1810, and his collection, which was particularly rich in Lepidoptera and Zoophytes, is now in the Museum of that University. EVERSMANN, E., Professor at Casan, has written several papers which have appeared in the Bulletins de la Soc. Imp. des Naturalistes de Moscou, and is author of " Fauna Lepidopterologica Volgo-Uralensis, exhibens Lep. species, quas per 25 annos in provinciis, Volgam fl. inter et montes Uralenses sitis, observavit et de- scripsit " (Casan, 1844), a work of great rarity, a con- siderable portion of the impression having been destroyed by fire. FABRICIUS, Johann Christian, born in 1745 at Tondern, in Schleswig : in 1761 his father was appointed physician to one of the Copenhagen hospitals, and young Fabri- cius consequently became a student of the Univer- sity in the Danish capital, but was afterwards sent, in company with Zoega, to Upsala. " I always look back to that period with great delight and warm feelings of gratitude towards my great master, Linnaeus, who was to us like a father .... Linnaeus in his lectures under- stood the art of encouraging youth in the study of science, and in his intercourse and conversation he was inexhaustible in all kinds of anecdotes and observations. He visited us daily both in the country and in town, and enriched our minds during several hours of delightful in- struction, which was to him a recreation, while speaking to us on his favourite science, botany. He properly laid the foundation of our knowledge, and imprinted on our minds the systematic order with which the study of the sciences ought to be pursued, and that accuracy of ex- pression which so peculiarly distinguishes the Linnsean school; Zoega devoted himself to the study of the various kinds of mosses, / to that of insects, and Linnaeus always rejoiced when we brought him anything new, or when he could communicate to us some new informa- tion on those subjects. Revered and cherished will his memory ever be by me*." In 1765, Fabricius went to Leipsic to hear the lectures of Prof. Schreber on Economics; in 1766 to Leyden; and in the following year travelled through Scotland and England : in London he formed an intimate acquaintance with Dr. Solander : * The Autobiography of Fabricius, translated from the Danish, by the Rev. F. W. Hope; published in Trans. Entom. Soc. Lond. vol. iv. (1845). AND NOMENCLATORS. XV11 " in the forenoon we were daily engaged in the British Museum ; we dined together, and passed our evenings in a cheerful circle of acquaintance. To him I am indebted as well for the benefit as the pleasure I enjoyed during my stay in England." The libraries and collections of all the English naturalists were thrown open to Fabricius, who determined and described the insects, and arranged the species of the collections. At the end of 1768, " although unwillingly, I at last left London and went to Paris ; but I had become too much of an Englishman to be able to relish France, much less Paris. I was, however, received with*great kindness by Geoifroy still I was inconsiderate enough to despise everything because it was not English. My foolish discontent in- creased daily ; and as I from iny childhood had been accustomed to indulge my fancies, I left Paris as early as December, and travelled by Lyons, Nismes, Montpellier, Marseilles, Antibes, to Italy, and then proceeded by Nice, Cone, Turin, Milan, Verona, arid Padua, to Venice .... In Nismes I met with Seguier, and, more particularly at Turin, the celebrated naturalist, Allioni ; .... from Venice I made a short trip to Bologna, to examine the Aldrovandine collection. . . . Very early in the spring I went to Idria, partly to see the quicksilver- mines which are there, and partly to get acquainted with Scopoli, who at that time was one of the first ento- mologists living. From Idria I crossed the Tyrolean Mountains, visited Innspruck, Halle, Swatz, and passed through Munich, Regensburg, and Stuttgard, to Tu- bingen. . . . From Tubingen I travelled through part of Switzerland to Strasburg .... after remaining some weeks there, I travelled to Hamburg, and returned at last to Copenhagen." During his absence Fabricius had been appointed " Professor of Economy of the Natural-History Theatre of Charlottenburg," and in the winter after his return began to give lectures on Political Economy; but in 1771 the Nat.-Hist. Theatre was abolished. "From 1772-75 I spent the winters in Copenhagen, and the summers in London. My friends Mr. (afterwards Sir Joseph) Banks and Dr. Solander had returned from their voyage round the world, and had brought with them innumerable specimens of natural history and insects. [The Banksian Collection is in the possession of the Linnsean Society of London, arranged according to the latest works of Fabricius.] I now lived very plea- santly. With Banks, Hunter, and Drury I found plenty b XV111 LIST OF AUTHORS of objects to engage my time, and everything which could possibly be of service to me. My situation was not only very delightful, but it afforded the means of gaining much instruction. In 1775, at Easter, during the great fair at Leipsic, my ( Systema Entomologise ' appeared. Entomology was at that period in its infancy. We had then only the l Systema ' of Linnaeus, whose classification, derived from the wings of insects, was not the most natural, and his species were very imperfectly defined. ... In my System I made use of the organs of manducafion as marks of distinction for my classes and species ; and in spite of all its faults, which arise from the smallness of those parts, my classes were far more natural, my species were more numerous and more ably defined, and the number of described genera considerably greater. I at the same time extended the Orismology, fixed its significations with greater accuracy, and intro- duced the concise language of the Linnsean school in this department of natural history." In 1775 Fabricius accepted the Professorship of Natural History, Economy, and Finance, in the University of Kiel. " Although I found myself pleasantly situated, I soon perceived that all means for the furtherance of my favourite science were wanting. ... I should soon have retrograded in Entomology if I had not recommenced travelling. In 1776 I published the ' Genera Insectorum/ which con- tained the natural definitions of the species ; and in 1778 the ' Philosophia Entomologica/ in which I endea- voured to determine the theoretical principles of Ento- mology with greater accuracy. In the summer of 1778 I joined company with Prof. Weber in a tour to Norway : that gave rise to the publication of the ' Reise nach Norwegen/ which made its appearance in 1779. ... In 1780 I again went to England, where the different col- lections had been considerably enriched since my last sojourn there. On this journey I wrote, during my leisure hours, the little volume entitled 'Ueber die Volksvermehrung, insonderheit in Danemarck/ which appeared in 1781 In 1782 the ' Species Insectorum ' appeared, in two vols., as a continuation of the f Systema/ In 1784 I travelled with my wife and daughter through most of the provinces of Germany to Vienna. The principal object of this tour was to form an acquaint- ance with the authors of the ' Verzeichniss der Schmet- terlinge der Wiener Gegend/ and inspect the collec- tions ; they were to me highly important In 1 786 AND NOMENCLATORS. XIX I went by water to St. Petersburg, hoping there to increase my knowledge from visiting the collections of the many scientific men who had travelled through the Russian provinces ; but I found much less than I expected. .... In 1787 I published the ' Mantissa Insectorum/ in two vols., which contained more particularly the correc- tions and additions which I obtained on my travels to Vienna and Petersburg. In the summer I again went with all my family to England In 1790 I travelled with my wife and daughter to Paris, partly because I knew from intelligence sent me by Olivier that the Parisian cabinets contained a considerable number of insects with which I was unacquainted, and partly because I wished to be fully informed respecting the new order of things which had been introduced by the Revolu- tion. I was received with distinguished attention and friendship. Desfontaines, Jussieu, Bosc, Parmentier, Riche, Sylvestre, Fourcroy, Brongniart, Olivier, Thouin, Billardiere, Broussonet, and others, opened to me all their collections, and by their friendship and kindness contributed much to make my residence there both agree- able and instructive. I moreover formed an intimate acquaintance with some of the leaders of the Revolution ; I often attended both the National Assembly and the Jacobin Club, and witnessed nearly all the scenes of the Revolution which took place. On the whole, my resi- dence at Paris was interesting to me. . . . From 1792-94 appeared the ' Entomologia Systematica/ in 6 vols. : it is a further exposition, augmentation, and improvement of the ' Systema Entomologiae/ In 1798 I published a supplementary volume with additions and improve- ments." A portion of each of these years was spent in a trip to Paris. " From 1798-1804 I went in the spring to Copenhagen, purposely to describe the many new insects which my particular friends and former pupils, Chamberlain, Sehestedt, and Lund, in their real zeal for science had collected." [The Lund and Sehestedt collec- tions are still preserved in the Museum of Natural History at Copenhagen, now under the charge of Dr. Schiodte.] "Their kind friendship allowed me full liberty in examining and describing them. It is the richest collection of the kind with which I am acquainted ; and from it were derived an extraordinary number of new genera, which eventually induced me to treat every class as a whole. This was the origin of my ' Systema Eleu- theratorum/ in two vols., and also of the ' Syst. Rhyngo- XX LIST OF AUTHORS torum/ and ( Syst. Piezatorum/ each in one vol., which were published at this period. In the summer I went every year to Paris, in order that I might see the large collec- tions which Olivier had brought from Persia and the East, Bauden from the South Sea, and those which other persons had brought from Egypt ; and this summer I expect the excellent Humboldt to return from S.America. In the winter I always remained at Kiel to fulfil my duties to the academy, and give lectures on Nat. Hist, and Economics. . . . Such was my life, cherished by my countrymen, although some of the higher ranks took offence at my writings on politics. Beloved by the learned abroad, I met on my travels everywhere with the most friendly reception. A healthy body, a light heart, and an easy mind raised me above many troubles. Continual employment in my favourite science, which is itself inexhaustible, but which I cultivated with great pleasure, and not without success, kept up my ardour in the pursuit, and diffused peace and happiness over the whole course of my life." The Autobiography from which these extracts have been taken was written in 1804 or 1805 : subsequently to this, Fabricius produced several other works ; and his " Sy sterna Glossatorum " appeared in Illiger's Magazine for 1807. The Fabrician class Glossata is identical with the Linnsean Lepidoptera ; and its name is derived from a most valuable work. FISCHER, Dr. G., von Waldheim, born at Leipsic in 1770; in 1797 he accompanied Humboldt to Vienna, intending to practise medicine, but devoted himself to Natural History, particularly to that of the Fishes of the Da- nube. After taking a scientific journey through Ger- many and Switzerland, he removed to Paris, and as- sisted Cuvier in the production of the " Ossemens Fos- siles." In 1804 Fischer was appointed Professor and Director of the Museum at Moscow, and continued to fill this office until his death in 1853. He was the founder of the Imperial Society of Naturalists at Moscow, a member of more than eighty learned and scientific bodies, and a knight of several Russian Orders. The titles of his principal works are " Bibliographia Palseon- tologica Animalium Systematica" (Moscow, 1810), " Adversaria Zoologica " (1819), " Genera Ins. Coleop. syst. exposita et analysi iconographica instructa" (1821), " Oryctographie du Gouvernement deMoscou" (1830), and " Entomographia Imperii Russici" (4 vols., 1820- 43), besides about 150 miscellaneous papers chiefly pub- lished in the " Moscow Transactions." FORSTER, Johann Reinhold, born in 1729, the son of the burgomaster of Dirschau, in Polish Prussia, descended front an English family which had left this country in the time of Charles I. He studied at the Universities of Berlin and Halle, and, after passing some time in Russia, came to England in 1766, and accepted a situation as Teacher of German, French, and Natural History, in a Dissenters' College at Warrington. During his resi- dence there, he published an " Introduction to Mine- ralogy" (1768), "A Catalogue of English Insects" (1770), and "Novae Species Insectorum" (1771). In 1772 he accompanied Capt. Cook on his second voyage, as Naturalist to the expedition, and on his return, three years later, was made D.C.L. of Oxford, and F.R.S. In 1778 appeared his " Observations made during a Voyage round the World;" but some quarrel having arisen between him and the government about the publication of works having reference to his voyage, he readily ac- cepted the offer of the Professorship of Natural History at Halle: thence he gave to the world his "Zoologia Indica" (1781), "Enchiridion Historiae Naturali inser- viens" (1788), with many other works; and there he continued to reside until his death in 1798. Forster is XX11 LIST OF AUTHORS said to have been able to speak or write seventeen lan- guages, and to have been well acquainted with almost every department of literature ; while in natural history, botany, and geology he was one of the first investi- gators of the last century. FREY, Heinrich, a native of Frankfort-on-Main, now Pro- fessor at Zurich ; author of " Ueber die in der Schweiz beobachteten Arten des Genus Lithocolletis ; in den Mittheilungen der Naturf. Gesellschaft in Zurich, 1855 ;" " Revision der Nepticulen," in the llth vol. of " Linnsea Entomologica ;" and of " Die Tineen und Pterophoren der Schweiz" (Zurich, 1856), a work of which the first English Micro-lepidopterist has said, " This volume clearly establishes the reputation of Professor Frey of Zurich as the first Micro-lepidopterist in Europe." FREYER, C. F., Stiftskassirer at Augsburg, author of " Bei- trage aus dem Taschenbuch meiner europ. Schmett." (Augsburg, 1827-30), " Neue Beitrage zur Schmetter- lingskunde, mit Abbild. nach der Natur " (1831), "Neuere Beitrage" (1832-52), and of "Die schad- lichsten Schmett. Deutschlands, &c., nach der Natur beobachtet, beschrieben und abgebildet." The trans- formations of numerous species of Lepidoptera are very fully illustrated in these excellent works. FRISCH, Johann Leonhard, born in 1666, educated at Nurem- berg, travelled in France, Switzerland, Hungary, Turkey, and Holland. Returning to Berlin, he was chosen Mem- ber of the Acad. of Sciences in 1706, Rector of the Prussian Society in 1726, and in 1731 appointed to direct the Historico-philologico-germanic class in the Univer- sity. He founded the silk-manufacture in Brandenburg, and introduced the cultivation of the mulberry into Prussia. His chief work is " Beschreibung von allerley Insekten in Deutschland" (Berlin, 1720-38); this was reprinted in 1766, and adorned with numerous plates : the text gives the history of 300 insects, and describes their curious habits and their metamorphoses. Besides this, Frisch commenced a large work on German Orni- thology (which was concluded by his son), and published many philological works. He died in 1743. FROLICH, Dr. Franc. A. G., of Ellvangen, author of " Enu- meratio Tortricum Wurtemburgiae " (Tubingen, 1828). FUESSLI, Johann Gaspard, born in 1745 at Zurich, was edu- cated for an artist's life, but ultimately became a book- seller and publisher in his native town. In 1775 he printed a " Verzeichniss der ihm bekannten Schweizer- AND NOMENCLATORS. XX111 ischen Insekten," edited the " Magazin fiir die Lieb- haber der Entomologie " in 1778-79, and the "Neues Magazin f. d. Liebh. d. Ent." and " Archiv der Insek- teiigeschichte" from 1781 until his death in 1786. The last-mentioned work is in quarto, and illustrated with a great number of excellent coloured plates. GEER, Baron Karl DeGeer, a Swede, born in 1720, was destined for a political life, but abandoned it to pursue the study of Natural History, for which, and especially for Entomology, he had a predilection from childhood ; he was also somewhat of a mechanical genius, and is said to have invented some improved forms of machinery for working the mines of Dannemora, and for clearing them when inundated. DeGeer was elected a Member of the Stockholm Academy, and published many papers in the ' ' Transactions ;" but his chief glory is his " Me- moires pour servir a 1'histoire des Insectes" (Stock- holm, 1752-78; 7 vols.), a work rich in facts and obser- vations, and containing descriptions of more than 1500 species : the classification depends, in the winged insects, upon the nature and form of the wings, in the Aptera, upon the metamorphoses of the insect. Linne mentions DeGeer 's Museum as "Amphibiis, Insectis aliisque rarioribus dives." The warmest friendship united these two remarkable men; and to both the spring of 1778 proved fatal. GEOFFROY, Etienne Louis, born at Paris in 1725, was for nearly forty years one of the leading physicians of the French capital. Among many other works, he published in 1762 " Histoire abregee des Insectes qui se trouvent aux environs de Paris, dans laquelle ces Animaux sont ranges suivant un Ordre Me'thodique ;" his classification was made with regard to the structure of the wings, but in the Coleoptera he first introduced the tarsal system. The above-mentioned work was followed by the " Traite sommaire des Coquilles, tant fluviatiles que terrestres, qui se trouvent aux environs de Paris" (1767). At the time of the Revolution, Geoffrey retired to Chartreuve, near Soissons, and lived there till his death in 1810. GERMAR, Ernst Friedrich, born in 1786, was sent to school at Meiningen, at which place was resident the Ento- mologist Clairville; in 1807 he removed to Leipsic, and in 1817 was made Professor of Mineralogy and Natural History at Halle, where he died in 1853. Prof. Germar was the author of " Systematis Glossatorum Prodromu*, sistens Bombycum species" (Leipsic, 1810-12), "Insec- XXIV LIST OF AUTHORS torum species novse aut minus cognitse" (Halle, 1824), "Fauna Insectorum Europse" (1817-47) : he was the editor of the " Magazin fur Entomologie " (in conjunc- tion with Zincken) from 1813-18, and of the "Zeit- schrift fiir die Entomologie" from 1838-45, when it be- came merged in the " Lmnaea Entomologica ;" and papers from his pen will be found, not only in these periodicals, but also in Oken's " Isis," and Silbermann's " Revue Entomologique." Germans collections and library have passed into the hands of his nephew, Prof. Schaum, of Berlin. GODART, Jean Baptiste, born in 1775 in Picardy, but who soon removed to Paris and resided there the greater part of his life, was the author of the article "Papillon" in the Encycl. Methodique (1819), of a "Tableau Methodique des Lepidopteres Diurnes de France " (1823), and com- menced the " Hist. Nat. des Lepid. de France," and the " Hist, des Chenilles/' which have been concluded by Duponchel. Godart died in 1823. GOETZE, Johann August Ephraim Goetze (or Goze), born in 1731 at Aschersleben, where his father was pastor, stu- died divinity at Halle, after which he for a long time per- formed ministerial duties in the parish of Quedlinburg. It was not till he was nearly forty years of age that the acquisition of a microscope drew his attention to Natural History, after which he soon rose to eminence as an Entomologist. His " Entom. Beitrage zu der Hitter Linne 12 ten . Ausgabe des Natursystems," was published between 1777-83 (Leipsic, 5 vols.), and his work on Intestinal Worms, " Versuch iiber die Naturgesch. der Eingeweide Wiirmer," in 1782 : he was also the author of "Europ. Fauna, oder Naturgesch. d. Europ. Thiere," &c. (fortg. v. Donndorf, Leipsic, 1791-1803, 9 vols.), and of papers in " Der Naturforscher," and in the Trans, of the Berlin and other Societies. Goetze died in 1793. GREGSON, C. S., of Liverpool, a collector of British Lepidop- tera and Coleoptera, notes by whom will be found in The Zoologist, the Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., and the Trans. Entom. Soc. Lond. GUENEE, A., of Chateaudun, a lawyer, author of various papers in the Annales de la Soc. Ent. de France, since 1834; of "Europ. Micro-Lepid. Index Methodicus" (1845) ; and of " Histoire naturelle des Insectes Lepi- dopteres" (1852 et seq.), one of the most valuable recent additions to Entomological literature. HATCHETT, J., was a clerk in the Bank of England, resided AND NOMENCLATORS. XXV near London, and published a short Account, with De- scriptions, of some Rare British Moths, in the old Entom. Soc. Trans, for the year 1812. HAWORTH, Adrian Hardy, of Cottingham, near Hull, after- wards of Little Chelsea, wrote papers in the Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (1812), and Phil. Mag., but is best known as the author of " Lepidoptera Britannica, sistens diges- tionem novam Insectorum Lepid. quse in Magna Bri- tannia reperiuntur " (London, 1803-27, 4 vols.), which has been described as " a monograph the most com- plete, most learned, and most useful, ever published on the Entomology of Britain, and one which will long remain an invaluable treasure to the Lepidopterist. The sterling good qualities of Haworth are 1st, that he described from Nature ; and 2nd, that he described well." His collections of insects of all orders, British and foreign, were, after his death, sold by auction, the sale occupying many days; many of the typical specimens described in the " Lep. Brit." were purchased by, and incorporated with the collection of, J. F. Stephens, and are now in the British Museum. Others were pur- chased by the Entomological Society ; and others are pre- served in the Hopeian Collection at Oxford. Haworth was also known as a distinguished botanist : his Memoirs on Mesembryanthemum and on Bulbous Plants are highly appreciated, and led to a correspondence with many eminent foreign botanists. Of these plants he possessed a large collection in a living state. In his later years, when a great impulse to classification was given by the works of MacLeay, Swainson, Vigors, &c., he adopted binarianism as the groundwork of all classifi- cation, and published numerous Memoirs on the subject in Taylor's Annals. HERRICH-SCHAFFER, G. A. W., Dr. Med. of Ratisbon, author of e ' De Generatione Insectorum, partibusque ei inservi- entibus" (Ratisbon, 1821), ( ' Nomenclator Entomologi- cus " (1835), parts of the " Topogr. von JR/egensburg " von Fiirnrohr, "Die wanzenartigen Insecten" (Nuremberg, 1840, 6 vols.), and of the " Systematische Bearbeitung der Schmett. von Europa, zugleich als Text, Revision, und Supplement zu Jakob Hiibner's Sammlung Europ. Schmett.," the volumes of which have appeared at inter- vals from 1843-56 : in them all the genera are charac- terized, and all the species hitherto detected in Europe are described, with copious remarks on their habits, food, times of appearance, and localities, the whole forming a XXVI LIST OF AUTHORS complete work, which, for accuracy of description and the magnificence of its plates, leaves little to be desired. HEYDEN, Carl von, Senator of Frankfort-on-Main, has pub- lished " Entomologische Beitrage " and other papers in the " Museum Senckenbergianum," a Zoological Miscel- lany, put forth by the Senckenberg Soc. of Nat. Hist, at Frankfort, of which von Heyden was Director ; and papers in Oken's Isis and Silbermamr's Revue Entomologique. Senator von Heyden is one of the first German entomo- logists of the day ; his collection of minute insects of all Orders is extremely rich ; and his Entomological Library is one of the finest in existence : the results of his ob- servations are recorded in all the recent works ; but it is a cause for regret that we have so little from his own pen. The possibility of the appearance of a " Frankfort Fauna " has been hinted at ; and it is to be hoped that such a work will soon see the light. HUBNER, Jakob, of Halle, an entomologist and artist of the highest repute, author of " Beitrage zur Geschichte der Schmetterlinge" (Augsburg, 1785-90), "Abbild. und Beschreib. noch unbeschriebener und riicht abgebildeter Schmett." (1785), " Sammlung Europ. Schmett." (com- menced in 1805), " Geschichte Europ. Schmett." and " Sammlung exotischer Schmett." (both commenced in 1806), " Verzeichniss bekannter Schmett." (1826), " Larvae Lepidopterorum," &c. His works have contri- buted largely to the knowledge both of the species and of the transformations of Lepidoptera, especially the Eu- ropean ; his figures are generally full of truth, and, al- though unaccompanied for the most part by descriptive letter-press, have yet sufficed for the identification even of the smallest species. The " Gesch. Europ. Schmett." consists of 790 coloured quarto plates, each containing figures of numerous species ; and the work on the trans- formations of the European species consists of 449 co- loured quarto plates. Hiibner died in 1827 ; and his works have, f since his death, been continued by Geyer and Herrich-Schaffer. HUFNAGEL wrote papers on insects in the " Berlinisches Ma- gazin" (1782-85), and published in 1796, at Berlin, " Tabellen von den Schmetterlingen der Berliner Ge- gend." HUMMEL, A. Dav., author of " Essais Entomologiques " (St. Petersburg, 1821-29), and of papers in Okeri's Isis, and the " Mem. Nat. Moscou." ILLIGER, C., author of " Verzeichniss der Kafer Prcussens, AND NOMENCLATORS. XXV11 &c." (Halle, 1798), "Versuch einer system, vollstandi- gen Terminologie desThier- und Pflanzenreiches" (1800), " System. Verz. der Schmett. der Wiener Gegend, her- ausgegeben von einigen Lehrern am k. k. Theresianum (Wien, 1776)," (Brunswick, 1801), and of many papers in the " Magazin fiir Insektenkunde, von J.K. W. Illiger" (Brunswick, 6vols. 1802-07). KNOCH, A. W., author of " Beitrage zur Insektenkunde " (Leipsic, 1781-83), and of "Neue Beitrage" (1801). KOLLAR, Vincenz, Curator of the Entomological Department of the Royal Museum, Vienna ; Honorary Foreign Mem- ber of the Entom. Soc. of London ; author of papers in " Ann. Wien.Mus.," of a " Syst.Verzeichniss der Schmett. im Erzherzogthum Oestreich" (1832), "A Treatise on Insects injurious to Gardeners, Foresters, and Farmers" (London, 1840), and " Verzeichniss der niederosterreich- ischen Schmett." in "Entom. Zeitung" (1850). KUHLWEIN, a German collector in the early part of this cen- tury ; Hiibner figures several of his captures. He is referred to by Duponchel in the "Lep. de France," and by Zeller in the " Isis " for 1839. His collection must have been an important one, as a Catalogue of it was printed ; but Kuhlwein is not otherwise known as an author. LASPEYRES, Jakob Heinrich, published at Berlin in 1801 a monograph of Se'sia, " Sesiee Europsese Iconibus et De- scrip, illustratse," in 1803 a treatise on Platypteryx, " Vorschlag zu einer neuen in die Klasse der Glossaten einzufiihrenden Gattung Platypteryx," and wrote in II- liger's Magazin a " Kritische Revision der neuen Ausgabe von Illiger und Hafeli's Syst. Verz. der Wiener Schmet- terlinge." LATREILLE, Pierre Andre, born in 1762, the most celebrated of French entomologists, the friend of Bosc, Fabricius, Haiiy, Lamarck, and Olivier, was elected Mem. de Fln- stitut in 1814, and in 1829 succeeded Lamarck as Pro- fessor of Natural History at the Paris Museum : he died in 1833. Latreille's works are very numerous : in addi- tion to many papers published in the Transactions of various Societies, he was the author of the te Crustacees, Arachnides, et Insectes de FEncycl. Methodique" (1789), of the entom. parts of the 2nd ed. of the ' ' Nouveau Diet. d'Hist. Naturelle" (1824), and of Cuvier's " Eegne Ani- mal" (1829), of the "Hist. Nat. generale et particuliere des Crustacees et des Insectes " (Paris, 1802-5, 14 vols.), " Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum, secundum ordi- nem nat. in famil. disposita" (1806-9, 4 vols.}, "Hist. XXV111 LIST OF AUTHORS Nat. des Reptiles" (1801, 4 vols.), "Hist. Nat. des Singes" (1802, 2 vols.), "Consid. gen. sur FOrdre Nat. desAnim. composant les Classes des Crustacees, desArach- nides, et des Insectes" (1820). Latreille may be said to be the inventor of a new and certainly the most valuable system of entomology yet proposed. Swammerdamm had adopted metamorphosis as the groundwork of his mode of distribution ; Linnaeus had considered the wings as affording the most important characters, whilst Fabri- cius had introduced the cibarian characters as of primary importance. Latreille, however, had the tact to perceive that a character, or set of characters, which in one group was of primary importance, was only entitled to se- condary consideration in other groups ; hence the Eclectic System, in which all the elements of former system atists were adopted. But another and even still more im- portant step in the arrangement of annulose animals was taken by Latreille in introducing the natural families, into which allied genera, which had been treated by Fa- bricius, Olivier, &c. as independent groups, were brought together according to their natural relationships. The first sketch of these natural groups appeared in his earliest work, "Precis des Caracteres generiques," (1796, 8vo), now exceedingly scarce ; and in one of his last works, " Families naturelles du Regne Animal," he applied the same view to the whole of animated nature. The extreme clearness and precision of his views in the distribution and subdivision of his groups, is another great charac- teristic of his writings, and is nowhere seen to greater advantage than in his ' Genera ' above-mentioned, an un- rivalled work, which doubtless led to his being selected by Cuvier to undertake the Articulated department of the " Regne Animal." His descriptions of new species, scat- tered through his various works, and especially his Mo- nograph of the Formicidse and his classification of the Bees (published at the same time as Kirby's " Mono- graphia Apum Anglise "), are deserving of all praise. In all these works he employed characters derived from re- peated dissections of his materials; and it may be in- teresting to mention that his collection of dissections of Coleopterous insects, enriched with his notes and sketches, was secured by Mr. Westwood, and is pre- served in the Hopeian Museum at Oxford. He was (perhaps fortunately for entomology) by no means in affluent circumstances, and was consequently much en- gaged by the booksellers. To this also was to be attri- buted the necessity for the sale of his collection which AND NOMENCLATORS. XXIX he had formed with great care, and which contained many remarkable types and rare genera of all Orders, a cir- cumstance which he never ceased to lament, although he subsequently commenced the formation of a second col- lection. He retained his energies to the last, his Memoir on the Families allied to the Elateridse being completed shortly before his death. His loss was felt by the ento- mologists of France as that of a father ; and a tomb was erected, by subscription, over his remains in Pere la Chaise. LEACH, Dr. William Elford, born at Plymouth in 1790, in 1813 was appointed Curator of the Nat. Hist. Depart- ment at the British Museum; between 1814-17 he pro- duced the " Zoological Miscellany" (3 vols.), and " Mala- costraca Podophthalmata, or Descriptions of the British Species of Crabs and Lobsters." He was also author of articles in the "Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles," and in the "Edinb.EncycL," and of papers in the Trans. Linn. Soc., Phil. Trans., Oken's " Isis," and the Journ. de Phys. lie enjoyed the friendship of Latreille, whose system he mainly introduced into this country in his various works, more especially in his MSS. which were incorporated by Samouelle in the " Entomologist's Useful Compendium." Dr. Leach remained at the British Museum till 1821, and subsequently resided at Spitchweek Park, near Ash- burton ; the latter years of his life were, however, spent in Italy, his health and intellect being impaired. He died in 1836. LIENIG, Madame, of Kokenhusen, in Livonia, Hon. Mem. of the Entom. Soc. of Stettin, authoress of "Verz. der Schmett. Cur- und Liev-lands," in den Schriften der Eigaer Gesellschaft, and of " Lepidopterologische Fauna von Lievland und Cm-land, mit Anmerk. von Zeller " in Oken's "Isis" for 1846. Madame Lienig died in 1855. LINNAEUS. Karl Linne was born in 1707 at Roshult, in Sma- land, Sweden, of which parish his father was curate. At sixteen he was apprenticed to a shoemaker ; but a doctor named Rothman, perceiving his bent and his powers, lent him a copy of Tournefort, and afterwards sent him to the University of Lund, placing him under the care of Stobseus, the Professor of Natural History. By the pro- fessor's aid, Linne was enabled to remove to Upsala, whither he was urged by his passion for Natural Hi- story : it was with difficulty that he contrived to live by instructing his fellow-students in Latin ; and it is said that he was even driven to eke out his subsistence by XXX LIST OF AUTHORS mending shoes. His botanical skill introduced him to the notice of Celsius,, Professor of Theology, who was then engaged upon his " Hiero-Botanicon." Linne was employed to assist him, and afterwards recommended to Rudbeck, Prof, of Botany, who entrusted to him the direction of the Garden, and allowed him occasionally to supply his own place as lecturer. From this time, from his twenty-fourth year, dates the first idea of the great reform which Linne was destined to carry out. In 1732 he was sent through Lapland, to collect and describe the plants ; with almost incredible perseverance and diffi- culty he traversed the most remarkable districts, follow- ing the course of the chief chain of mountains, descend- ing to the coast in Norwegian Lapland, proceeding round the Gulf of Bothnia, and returning by way of Finland and the Aland Isles. On regaining his home, he was rewarded by the Academy of Upsala with the payment of his expenses, amounting to 10 sterling. Linne then retired to Fahlun, the chief town of Dalecarlia, of im- portance from its large copper-mines, where he began to practise medicine, and give lessons in Mineralogy : his stay was of short duration ; for university and family quarrels induced him to travel into Holland. There he pre- sented himself to Boerhaave, by whom he was introduced to a wealthy banker, George Cliflbrt, who had a passion for natural science. Linne was soon installed as Curator of Cliffords Botanical Garden at Harlecamp, and con- tinued to reside there three years. Then it was that he began to systematize his views, and to make his first ge- neral application of them. Up to that time, though many and learned works had appeared on natural history, yet in most of these works the subject had been treated gene- rally*, the different species were not clearly distinguished, no attempt had been made to form a complete and sy- stematic catalogue of them ; they were described on no uniform plan, and in terms without precise signification ; the names assigned to them varied at the will of every author, and were often long descriptive phrases which served only to overload the memory. These were the defects which Linne undertook to remedy. He had to discover methods of distribution and classification founded upon determinate and marked characters, which would apply to all the natural objects in creation; he had to invent terms enough to indicate the prodigious variety of * Exception must here be made of the works of John Raj, " le pre- mier veritable naturaliste du regne animal," as Cuvier calls him. AND NOMENCLATORS. XXXI form found in living creatures, and to fix those terms with such precision that their use should never be am- biguous ; he had to review all the creatures described by previous authors and amassed in their collections, to give them short convenient names (analogous to our Christian and surnames), describe them in the termi- nology he had invented, and arrange them upon the method he had adopted. The first outline of this enor- mous enterprise was given to the world in the " Systema Naturae/' published at Leyden in 1735. In this first edition, the mineral kingdom was divided into Petrse and Fossilia, the former division including Salia, Com- bustibilia, and Met all a ; the latter including Petrificata, Concreta, and Terrae. The vegetable kingdom was divided in accordance with the method since so celebrated as the Sexual System, founded upon the relative position, the proportion, the connexion or distinction, and the number, of the stamens and pistils. The animal kingdom, which came last, was divided into Quadrupeda, Aves, Reptilia, Pisces, Insecta, and Vermes; the Cetacea were placed among the Fishes. The genera of animals were charac- terized, but the species were simply named ; in the vege- table kingdom, only the names of the genera were given. This comprehensive sketch of the whole domain of Na- tural History excited general astonishment, and procured for its author considerable respect ; thenceforward Linne worked steadily and constantly to perfect and extend his plan, assigning by degrees names and descriptions to all the genera and all the species with which he was ac- quainted. Twelve editions of the " Systema Naturae" were published during his life- time ; but most of these were only reprints ; those in which new matter was introduced are the 2nd in 1740, the 6th in 1748, the 10th in 1757, and the 12th in 1766, all published at Stockholm. The original work was printed on twelve folio pages ; Gmelin's edition of 1 788 is in fourteen 8vo volumes. The botani- cal part of the Syst. Nat. was developed in many inde- pendent works. In 1736 were published the "Hortus Clifibrtianus " and the " Fundamenta Botanica ;" in 173 7, the "Critica Botanica/' " Genera Plantarum," and "Flora Lapponica ;" in 1738, " Classes Plantarum /' in 1751, the "Philosophia Botanica/' and " Species Plantarum" in 1753, to which several Supplements followed. It is in Botany that Linne gained most success and the greatest glory : his nomenclature and terminology were promptly adopted, and to this day remain in full force ; but the XXX11 LIST OF AUTHORS sexual method of division (not first established by Linne) has now given way to the Natural System introduced by DeCandolle and the two De Jussieus. In the animal kingdom, the Linnsean divisions of all Orders were much more in accordance with natural affinities ; numbers of genera were for the first time classified, and, especially among the insects, Linne was the first to name and cha- racterize the particular species. To return from his works to the author himself; on quitting Holland, Linne visited England and France, then returned to Sweden, and settled in Stockholm as a physician : fortu- nately he obtained few patients ; but, through the friend- ship of the Baron Karl de Geer and the Count de Tessin (to whom are dedicated the successive editions of the Syst. Nat.), he was made, in 1738, physician to the Navy, and was appointed to give lectures on Botany in the capital; in 1739 he was Physician to the King, and President of the newly -formed Academy of Sciences at Stockholm ; in this year also he married Sara Elizabet More, who, six years before, had won his affection at Fahlun. In 1741 he was promoted to the Botanical Chair in the University of Upsala, the great object of his ambition; in 1753 he received from the hand of his so- vereign the knighthood of the Polar Star, an honour never before conferred for literary merit ; and in 1756 was raised into the ranks of the nobility by the title of the Chevalier von Linne'. Meanwhile Linne profited unceasingly by all the means which his daily-increasing reputation gave him to perfect his works, and extend his influence : he travelled through various provinces of Sweden to observe and collect their natural products, and published accounts of his journeys, full of interesting particulars, connected not only with natural history, but with the antiquities of the districts, the habits and agri- culture of the people : the results of his Swedish travels were comprised in the " Fauna Suecica" (1746), and the "Flora Suecica," which appeared nine years later; he published also, under the title of ' ' Amcenitates Acade- micse," a series of essays on subjects connected with vegetable physiology, the economy of plants or animals, and the philosophy of natural history. Linne' s society is described as full of charms ; his single weakness was inordinate vanity and excessive love of praise. His do- mestic life was unhappy, through the conduct of his wife, a profligate woman, who rendered his home uncomfortable by parsimony and petty tyranny, and who conceived a AND NOMENCLATORS. XXX111 violent arid groundless hatred for her only son ; this son afterwards succeeded his father in all his university offices, and died unmarried in 1784, when the library and herbarium of the great Linne were purchased by Sir James Edward Smith, and are now in the possession of the Linnsean Society of London. Depreciators of his fame have said that Linne was nothing more than a mere nomenclator ; but it may be remarked that " the only persons who succeed in making great alterations in the language of science are not those who make names arbi- trarily, and as an exercise of ingenuity, but those who have much new knowledge to communicate ; so that the vehicle is commended to general reception by the value of what it contains. It is only eminent discoverers to whom the authority is conceded of introducing a new system of names, just as it is only the highest authority in the state which has the power of putting a new coinage in circulation *." Still it is true that Linne' s real claim to admiration is not so much that he was a great disco- verer, as that he was a judicious reformer ; he embodied the convictions which had been gradually rising in the minds of scientific men, and, by remodelling both termi- nology and nomenclature, produced a complete reform in science. DeCandolle f gives as the causes of the success of the Linnsean system, the specific names, the charac- teristic phrase, the fixation of descriptive language, the distinction of varieties and species, the extension of the same method to all the kingdoms of nature, and the practice of introducing into it all the species most re- cently discovered. This last plan Linne always pursued ; and for thus enriching his works he had unrivalled faci- lities. His pupils travelled to distant countries, and sent to him from every quarter the most interesting objects, Alstromer from Southern Europe, Berg and Talk from Gothland, Forskal from Arabia and the East, Hasselquist from Egypt and Palestine, Kalm from Canada, Kohler from Italy, Lofting from Spain and America, Martin from Spitzbergen, Montin from Lapland, Osbeck from China and Java, Pontin from Malabar, Rolander from Surinam, Solander from Lapland, the South Sea Isles, and England, Sparmann from South Africa, Ternstrom from Asia, Thunberg from Japan, Toren from Malabar and Surat : and his botanical friends sent him seeds and dried plants from various countries, Lagerstrom many * Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences, vol. ii. p. 518. t The*or. Ele*m. p. 40. c XXXIV LIST OF AUTHORS from the East Indies, Gronovius most of the Virginian, Gmelin all the Siberian, Burmann those of the Cape. Naturalists vied with one another in enriching his collec- tion, and in courting his society ; every academy in Eu- rope enrolled him among its members. Thus honoured at home, and respected abroad, Linne fulfilled for thirty- seven years his professional duties, and died on the 10th January 1778, at the ripe age of 71. Beneath the twin towers of the Cathedral, a plain stone simply tells that it covers ' ' Ossa Caroli a Linne ;" apart from this, a tablet is erected " Botanicorum Principi ;" and in the museum of his botanic garden a life-like statue presents him, seated, holding in his hand the Linnaa borealis, in the very act of lecturing. But better still than these out- ward marks of respect, his memory is fondly cherished, and his fame jealously guarded. Upsala has not for- gotten, and will not forget, the most renowned of her sons. LOGAN, R. F., of Duddingstone, near Edinburgh, a very active Lepidopterist : papers in The Zoologist, and Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. MANN, Joseph, of Vienna, author of " Mikrolepidopternver- zeichniss" in the Entom. Zeitung (1850), and of " Auf- zahlung der Schmett. gesammelt auf einer Reise nach Oberkrain und dem Kiistenlande " in Verh. des zool. bot. Vereines in Wien (1854). MARSHAM, Thomas, was Secretary of the Linnsean Society in 1798, author of papers in the Transactions of that Soc., and of "Entomologia Britannica, sistens Insecta Brit, indigena" (London, 1802, Part I., Coleoptera), in which last work a great number of new species of minute beetles were for the first time, but not sufficiently, described. His collection was purchased, after his death, by Mr. Stephens, and is now in the British Museum cabinets, his specimens being identified by a particular label. NATURFORSCHER. "Der Naturforscher, eine physikalische Wo- ohenschrift," a Zoological Miscellany, published at Halle, thirty vols., from 1774-1804, containing communica- tions from a variety of authors Esper, Goetze, Hermann, Luz, Panzer, Schaller, Schrank, Schreber, and others. NEWMAN, Edward, F.L.S., F.Z.S., M. Imp. L.C. Acad., late Pres, Entom. Soc. London, author of " The Grammar of Entomology" (1835), "A Familiar Introduction to the History of Insects" (1841), "Entomological Notes" in the Entom. Magazine and The Entomologist, &c., and of some well-known botanical works. Mr. Newman is the AND NOMENCLATORS. XXXV editor of The Zoologist, a Miscellany of Natural History, at once popular and scientific : this periodical has run a prosperous career for sixteen years, and is doubtless known to every one of our readers. NICELLI, Graf G. von, of Berlin, author of the " Bericht iiber die Pommerschen Arten der Gattung Lithocolletis " in the Stettin Entom. Zeitung for 1850 : a complete mono- graph of the same genus is promised. NYLANDER, Dr., late of Helsingfors, many of whose obser- vations are recorded in Tengstrom's "Finland's Fjaril- Fauna," is the author of papers in the Annales de la Soc. Ent. de France (1854), and Ann. Nat. Hist., and of a recent work on the Ants of France and Algeria. OCHSENHEIMER, Ferdinand, born at Mainz in 1767; on the completion of his academical career was employed as private tutor in several families at Mannheim. At that time the theatre of Mannheim was one of the first in Germany, and still preserves a creditable reputation. Ochsenheimer wrote several comedies, which were pro- duced with great applause ; and this seems to have drawn his attention still more closely to the stage, for in his twenty-seventh year he resolved himself to become an actor : this resolution he carried out, and for some years was a chief attraction at many of the principal theatres of Germany ; his performance of " Talbot " in " Die Jungfrau von Orleans " called forth the warmest en- comiums of Schiller. It was about the end of last cen- tury that Ochsenheimer began to collect insects, and make the acquaintance of other entomologists, Treitschke among the rest; in 1802 he formed a friendship with Laspeyres, who urged him to become an author ; and in 1805 the first volume of a Natural History of the Moths of Saxony appeared at Dresden. Differences with his pub- lisher caused him to desist ; and thereupon he began his more extensive work, " Die Schmetterlinge von Europa," the first part of which was published at Leipsic in 1807. Ochsenheimer's fame was at once established; he was soon elected into the Soc. of Naturalists at Berlin, and subsequently into those of Wetterau and Halle. Pro- fessional engagements and entomological pursuits formed a double bond of union between Ochsenheimer and Treitschke: they collected together, and their life was divided between the stage and insect-hunting; thus Treitschke became associated with his senior in the pro- duction of the great work, and survived him to complete it. One night, after performing at the theatre at Vienna, XXXVI LIST OF AUTHORS Ochsenheimer was seized with an attack of apoplexy, and died in 1822. His collection was purchased for the Royal Museum at Pesth. OLIVIER, Dr. Guillaume Antoine, born in 1756, a French naturalist and traveller, whose especial studies were Botany and Entomology, was employed in early life in describing and collecting particulars about the natural objects and productions of the neighbourhood of Paris. Losing this post at the Revolution, but siding with the Revolutionary Party, he and Bruguiere were appointed in 1792 by the minister Roland to accompany the em- bassy to Persia, as scientific attaches. Roland perished, and the scientific men were deprived of their resources ; nevertheless they pursued their journey, visited Con- stantinople, the Isles of the Archipelago, Syria, Egypt, Arabia, and finally Bagdad, Teheran, and Ispahan. Having obtained favourable answers from the Persians on the objects of their mission, they returned up the Euphrates to Aleppo, visited Cyprus, traversed Asia Minor to Constantinople, thence to Greece, and finally landed at Ancona in September 1 798. There Bruguiere died ; and Olivier returned alone to Paris, with a valuable collection, the result of their six years' ramble. He im- mediately occupied himself with the production of his " Voyage dans PEmpire Ottoman, PEgypte, et la Perse " (Paris, 6 vols., 1802-7). In 1800 he was chosen Mem. de PInstitut, was subsequently Professor of Zoology at the Ecole Veterinaire d'Alfort, but for some time before his death became afflicted with melancholy. He died at Lyons, in 1814. Besides his " Travels," Olivier was the author of articles on Insects in the Encycl. Methodique, and of the "Dict.de PHistoire Nat. des Insectes" (9 vols.) ; he also published ' ' Entomologie, ou THist. Nat. des Insectes" (6 vols.). His great work, however, is " Hist. Nat. des Coleopteres " (also in 6 vols.), in which an im- mense number of species of beetles were for the first time figured. PALLAS, Peter Simon, born in 1741, was the son of a surgeon at Berlin. After studying at Berlin, Gottingen, and Leyden, he spent a year in England, and in 1763 settled at the Hague, where he published " Elenchus Zoophy- torum," and " Miscellanea Zoologica" (1766). In 1767 he was invited to St. Petersburg by the Empress Catha- rine, and accepted the post of Professor of Natural History in the Imp. Acad. of Sciences. In June 1768 Pallas set out on a scientific mission, travelled through AND NOMENCLATORS, XXXV11 Central Russia, and wintered at Sinbirsk on the Volga ; next spring he moved to Orenburg, thence down the River Oural to the Caspian Sea; in 1770 he followed the course of the Oural Mountains, northwards, to Tobolsk the capital of Siberia, and wintered at Tchiliabinsk ; in the spring of 1771 he visited the mines of Kolivan, in the Altai Mountains, and wintered at Krasnoyarsk on the River Enisei ; next year he traversed Lake Baikal, and went as far as the borders of the Chinese Empire : re- turning thence, he a second time wintered at Krasnoi- arsk; in 1773 descended again to the Caspian, visited Astrakhan and Bokhara, and approached Caucasia ; after wintering between the Volga and the Don, he finally re- turned to St. Petersburg in July 1774. Two years later, his "Travels" appeared, a work which has been de- scribed as an inexhaustible mine for .the naturalist and the statesman. This was followed by " Spicilegia Zoo- logica" (1780), and " Icones Insectorum, prsesertim Rossise Sibiriseque peculiarium " (Erlangen, 1 78 1 ) . Cuvier, in his Eloge, says " Pallas a vraiment change la face de la theorie de la terre. Une consideration attentive des deux grandes chaines de montagnes de Siberie lui fit apercevoir cette regie generale, qui s'est ensuite verifiee partout, de la succession des trois ordres primitifs de montagnes, les granitiques au milieu, les schisteuses a leurs cotes, et les calcaires en dehors. On peut dire que ce grand fait, nettement exprime en 1777, dans un Memoire lu FAcademie, a donne naissance a toute la nouvelle geo- logic : les Saussure, les Deluc, les Werner sont partis de la pour arriver a la veritable connaissance de la structure de la terre, si difierente des idees fantastiques des ecri- vains precedents." Honourably occupied at St. Peters- burg, loaded with titles, and applauded by the whole of Europe, Pallas's position might seem an enviable one; but his wanderings had unfitted him for the life of a capital, and rendered it irksome to him. Accordingly he accompanied the expedition to the Crimea, where, charmed with the climate, he settled in 1795 ; for fifteen years he lived in the neighbourhood of Simpheropol, exercising hospitality to the few who then visited his secluded home, engaged upon his " Zoographia Rosso- Asiatica," and continuing his other great works. Tired at length of so monotonous a life, he quitted Russia, and, after an absence of forty-two years, returned to his native town to end his days : his death occurred in 1811. PALMER, Dr. Shirley, of Birmingham : in The Zoologist. XXXV111 LIST OF AUTHORS RAMBUR, Dr. J. P., joint-author with Boisduval and Graslin of the " Collection iconographique et historique des Chenilles d'Europe/' and who has written an " Essai sur une monographic des Zygenides" (Paris, 1829), passed part of his life in Corsica, and published a " Catalogue des Lepid. de File de Corse" (Paris, 1832) ; has also tra- velled in Spain, and is the- author of " Faune Entomolo- gique de PAndalousie " (Paris, 1837), and of " Histoire des Neuropteres " (1842) ; is a Mem. de la Soc. Ent. de Fr., in whose Annales are various papers by Dr. Rambur. RATZEBURG, Dr. J. Th. Ch., of Berlin, author of " Die Forst- Insekten, oder Abbildung und Beschreibung der in den Waldern Preussens und der Nachbarstaaten als schadlich oder niitzlich bekannt gewordenen Insekten" (Berlin, 1837-44), and of several other works, and papers in the N. Act. Nat. Cur. RETZ, Andre Johan, born in 1742, a Swede, the son of an army surgeon at Christianstadt, who educated him for a medical life ; subsequently he became the pupil of Linne, arid directed his attention to Zoology and Chemistry : in 1766 he took the degree of M.D. His principal works are " Inledning til Djur-Riket" (Stockholm, 1772), " Genera et Species DeGeerii Insectorum, cum addita- mentis" (Leipsic, 1783), and "Faunae Suecicse (C. a Linne equ. inchoatse), Mammalia, Aves, Amphibia, et Pisces" (1800). ROMER, J. J., author of et Beitrage zur entom. Bucher- kenntniss," published in Fuesslr's N. Mag., which Romer edited after Fuesslr's death in 1787; of "Genera In- sectorum Linnsei et Fabricii iconibus illustrata (1789) ; and, in conjunction with H. R. Schinz, of "Naturgesch. der in der Schweiz einheimischen Saiigethiere " (Zurich, 1809). SAXESEN, a painter, of Clausthal in the Harz Mountains, author of a paper entitled " Blatt- und Holz-wespen," in the Bericht des Naturwissenschaftl. Vereins des Harzes fur 1840-42. Many of his observations were incorpo- rated by Erichson in his work on German Coleoptera. SCHALEN, in Thunberg's Mus. Nat. Acad. Upsal. 1788. SCHIFFERMULLER, Ign., author of "Ankiindigung eines syst. Werkes von den Schmett. der Wiener Gegend " (Vienna, 1775), and joint-author of the famous " Wienergegend Verzeichniss." After the suppression of the Theresian Academy at Vienna, SchiiFermuller resided at Linz. SCHLAGER, a clergyman at Jena, in Weimar, author of papers in the Bericht des Lepid. Tauschvereines iiber die Jahre AND NOMENCLATORS. XXXIX 1842-47 (published at Jena), and in the Stettin Entom. Zeitung (1850). SCHRANK, Franciscus von Paula, author of "Beytrage zur Na- turgeschichte " (Augsburg, 1776), " Fauna Boica, durch- gedachte Geschichte der in Baiern einheimischen und zahmen Thiere " (Nuremberg, 3 vols., 1798-1803), "Enumeratio Ins. Austrise indig." (Aug. Vindel. 1781), and of papers in Fuessli's Mag., Der Naturforscher, N. Abh. Baierisch. Akad., &c. Schrank attained to an ex- treme old age, and was still living at Munich in 1835. SCOPOLT, Giovanni Antonio, born in 1725 at Cavalese in the Tyrol, studied at Innspruck, and took the degree of M.D. ; practised as a physician at Idria, and was ap- pointed Professor of Mineralogy at that place, and sub- sequently at Chemnitz : in 1777 he was promoted to the Professorship of Botany and Chemistry at Pavia, and died in 1 788. His principal works are " Flora Carnio- lica" (Vienna, 1762), "Entomologia Carniolica, exhi- bens Ins. Carniolise indig. methodo Linnseana distrib." (Vienna, 1763), "Principia Mineralogise " (Prague, 1772), " Crystallographia Hungarica" (1776), " Fun- damenta Chemise" (1777), and "Delicise Florae et Fauii33 Insubricse " (Pavia, 1786-88). SCOTT, John, of Stockton- on-Tees, a collector of British Lepidoptera and Coleoptera : in The Zoologist, and Entomologist's Annual. SIRCOM, J., late of Bath : in The Zoologist. SODOFFSKY, C. H. G., author of " Lepidoptera Livoniee ob- servata," some descriptions of new Micro-lepidoptera, and of " Etymologische Untersuchungen iiber die Gat- tungsnamen der Schmett.," all published in the Bull. Nat. Moscou. The last-mentioned paper, printed in 1837, is an attempt to derive the generic names of the Lepidoptera, and is therefore somewhat similar in its design to the present work, in the preparation of which Sodoffsky's " Researches " have been consulted. STAINTON, Henry Tibbatts, of Lewisham, a Lepidopterist, par excellence a Tineist, author of numerous papers in The Zoologist, and Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., and of ' ' A Cata- logue of the British Tineina and Pterophoridae " (1849), "A Supplementary Cat. of Tin. and Pter." (1851), " In- secta Britannica; Lepidoptera, Tineina" (1854), " The Natural History of the Tineina" (assisted by Zeller, Douglas, and Frey, 3 vols. published 1855-58), and of " A Manual of British Butterflies and Moths," the object of which is " to supply in a small compass, and Xl LIST OF AUTHORS for a low price, the greatest possible amount of informa- tion likely to be useful to beginners ;" is also editor of The Entomologist's Annual, and of The Intelligencer, a weekly publication intended to accelerate the com- munication of new facts among the brethren of the net. In short, Mr. Stainton is engaged in a laudable endea- vour to disseminate among every class a taste for En- tomology, and to place, within the reach of all, the largest amount of Entomological information. STEPHENS, James Francis, F.L.S., F.Z.S., Mem. Ent. Soc. Lond. and France, was born on the 16th September 1792, and from an early age was fond of entomology ; in his sixteenth year he began to prepare a catalogue of British insects, and enumerated 3673 species, of which 1367 were Lepidoptera ; he was for many years a clerk in the Admiralty Office. In 181 8 Mr. Stephens assisted Dr. Leach in the arrangement of the collection in the British Mu- seum ; in 1828 appeared " A Systematical Catalogue of British Insects," in which 10,116 species were enume- rated ; in 1829, "The Nomenclature of British Insects," and in 1839, the " Manual of British Coleoptera." Be- sides these works, he was author of a large portion of Shaw's British Zoology, of the entomological articles in the Encycl. Metropolitana, and of numerous papers in The Zoologist, the Zool. Journ., Trans. C. P. S., Entom. Mag., Trans. Ent. Soc., and also of the Brit. Mus. Cat. of Lepidoptera. But the work on which Mr. Stephens' s fame chiefly rests is the " Illustrations of British Ento- mology, a Synopsis of Indigenous Insects" (London, 10 vols. 1827-46; the four vols. on Lepidop. appeared between 1828-35), a" work in which it was intended to describe all the known species of British insects; the Hemiptera and Diptera were however omitted, and only a part of the Hymenoptera was executed. Many of the descriptions are faulty, being often compiled from other authors, without verification from actual specimens of the insects, and thus are not unfrequently applied to insects for which they were never intended ; but the volumes contain many very interesting notices of the habits of species, and, despite its faults, the work is the most com- plete that we have on general descriptive Entomology. Mr. Stephens was for a long time engaged in a lawsuit with James Rennie for alleged piracy of the " Illustra- tions/' in the publication of the " Conspectus of British Butterflies and Moths." Rennie was successful ; but the opinion of scientific men was shown by the subscription AND NOMENCLATORS. x which they raised to defray the heavy legal expenses con- sequent upon Stephens' s defeat. He was an indefatigable collector of all orders of insects, and will long be re- membered for the unbounded liberality with which his admirably arranged collections and extensive entomo- logical library were thrown open to every entomologist, and for his readiness in imparting information to all. His library is now in the possession of Mr. Stainton, who imitates the liberality of its previous owner. The col- lections valuable as containing the types described in the " Illust rations/' and also the types of Marsham, and some of those of Haworth are principally in the British Museum ; but his collection of the British Crustacea is in the Hopeian Cabinet at Oxford. During the first half of this century, entomology made rapid strides in En- gland j and to none was this progress owing more than to James Francis Stephens. He died in 1852. STEVENS, Samuel, F.L.S. of London, Treasurer of the Ento- mological Soc., a most active collector, but known as an author only by notes in The Zoologist, and Entom. Soc. Tr. TENGSTROM, J. af, author of "Bidrag til Finnland's Fjaril- Fauna" (Helsingfors, 1847). Besides investigating the Lepidop. of Finnland, Tengstrom has brought to the notice of European entomologists several novelties from America and Java. TH UN BERG, Karl Peter, a Swede, born in 1743, at Jonkoping, where his father was pastor, was educated at Upsala, under Linne. When on a visit to Amsterdam in 1770, he was appointed Surgeon to one of the vessels of the Dutch East India Company, and sailed to the Cape of Good Hope, where he remained three winters ; thence he proceeded to Java and Japan, and stayed five years, exploring the country, and collecting the natural pro- ducts. On his return, he published " Resa uti Europa, Africa, Asia, fdrattad aren 1770-79" (Upsala, 1788-93, 4 vols.), and " Flora Japonica " (1784). He was elected an hon.mem.of sixty-six learned Societies; and numerous papers from his pen, containing descriptions of new spe- cies, both exotic and European, as well as catalogues of the Faunas of various countries, will be found in the Vetensk. Akad. Handl., Trans. Phil. & Linn., French, German, Dutch, and Russian Societies. In 1784 Thun- berg succeeded the younger Linne as Professor of Botany at Upsala, subsequently to which he published " Mu- seum Naturalium Academiae Upsaliensis" (1788), and xlii LIST OF AUTHORS " Dissertatio Entomologica, sistens Insecta Suecica " (1784^95). He died in 1828. TISCHER, Karl von, born in 1777, was a lieutenant in the army, and wounded at the battle of Jena ; was subsequently Superintendent of the Board of Taxes at Schandau, after retiring from which post he resided at Dresden. Tischer studied all Orders of Insects, and Botany : he is best known by his numerous and valuable contributions to Treitschke' s work, but is also the author of " Encyclopad. Taschenbuch fur angehende Schmetterlings-sammler >} (Leipsic, 1804), " Handbuch fur Schmett.-sammler " (1804), "Die kleine Schmetterlingsfreunde " (1806), and " Winterlectiire fur Entomologen, und iiberhaupt fiir Freunde der Naturkunde " (1806). TREITSCHKE, Friedrich, born about 1780, at Leipsic. Return- ing from Switzerland to his native town about the end of last century, he made the acquaintance of Ochsen- heimer; in 1802 he removed to Vienna, and was em- ployed as Author and Registrar at the Royal Opera ; he was subsequently promoted to the post of Hoftheater-Oe- konom. In 1806 Treitschke was driven into the country by ill health : this gave him greater opportunity for col- lecting ; and from that time he and Ochsenheimer were in- separable. He rendered some assistance in the production of the 4th vol. of " Die Schmetterlinge von Europa," which appeared in 1816, carried on the work after Och- senheimer^ s decease, and brought it to a conclusion in 1835 ; besides this, Treitschke wrote a small work, "Hiilfsbuch fiir Schmetterlings-sammler "( Vienna, 1 834). He was a member of the Societies of Moscow, Leipsic, and Breslau. VAUGHAN, Philip H v of Bristol, an active collector of British Lepidoptera : notes in The Zoologist. VIEWEG, Chr. Fr., published at Berlin in 1789-90, in con- junction with Willdenow, "Tabellar. Verz. der in der Kurmark Brandenburg einheimischen Schmetterlinge." VILLERS, Charles de, was a captain in the French army, and afterwards Director of the Cabinet of Natural Hi- story at Chartres ; Mem. of the Entom. Soc. of France, and of the Soc. Linneenne de Paris, in whose Annales papers by DeVillers will be found. He was also author of " Car. Linnsei Entomologia, Faunae Suecicae descrip- tionibus aucta" (Lyons, 1789, 4 vols.). WENNER was a publisher at Frankfort : mentioned in Thun- berg's "Insecta Suecica" (1794). WESTWOOD, J. O., F.L.S., late Pres. Ent. Soc. London, and AND NOMENCLATORS. xllii Conservator of the Hopeian Collection in the University of Oxford. Born in 1805; studies Economic Ento- mology, and Insects of all Orders from all parts of the globe ; is author of " The Entomologist's Text-Book " (1838), "An Introduction to the Modern Classification of Insects, founded on the Natural Habits and corre- sponding organization of the different families " (1839), " Arcana Entomologica, or Illustrations of new, rare, and interesting Exotic Insects" (1841-42), "British Butterflies and Moths " (1840-45), " Cabinet of Oriental Entomology," and of many papers in the Zool. Journ., Trans. Z.S., Ent. S., and L.S. ; Mag. N. H., Mag. Zool. and Bot., Entom. Mag., Phil. Mag., Ann. and Mag. N.H., The Zoologist, Ann. Sc. Naturelles, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., Linnsea Entomologica, &c. In 1855, the Council of the Royal Society awarded one of the Royal Medals to Mr. Westwood, in consideration of his many valuable monographs and papers on Entomology; and in 1858 the honorary degree of M.A. was conferred upon him by the University of Oxford. WIENERGEGEND-VERZEICHNISS : " Systematisches Verzeich- niss der Schmetterlinge der Gegend Wien, herausgegeben von einigen Lehrern am Theresianum." A systematic catalogue of the Lepidoptera of the Vienna district, pub- lished at Vienna in 1776, and principally compiled by Mich. Denis and Ign. Schiffermuller. WING, William, born in 1828, F.L.S., Secretary of the Ent. Soc. of London, was employed as an entomological artist, and distinguished for the care and accuracy with which his drawings were executed ; many of the illustrations in the Trans, of the Linnsean and Entom. Societies are the work of his hands ; short papers by Wing will be found in the Proc. Zool. Soc. and the Trans. Ent. Soc. Had he lived, he could not have failed to establish for himself a high scientific reputation ; but his career was cut short in 1855. WOCKE, Dr., of Breslau : in the Bresl. Zeitschrift fur Ento- mologie. ZELLER, Professor P. C., of Glogau, author of a series of admirable monographs in the " Isis von Oken," from 1838-50, and in the " Linnsea Entomologica" from its commencement in 1846 to 1855. Prof. Zeller is the father of the present race of Micro-lepidopterists ; Micro- lepidopterology, as now pursued, may be said to date from the appearance, in the Isis for 1839, of the " Versuch einer naturmassigen Eintheilung der Schaben." ZETTERSTEDT, Johann Wilhelm, Professor of Zoology in the RULES FOR PRONUNCIATION. In the following Catalogue every vowel is to be pronounced short, unless marked long, thus e. Table of Vowel Sounds. a is to be pronounced as in the word " hat" . . . .a as in " hate." e . " met" e " mete." i "hid".. ..I .... "hide." o "hop" o . . . . " hope." u " duck". . . u . . . . " duke." CK or ce as e ; ei as I ; au as in " naughty." Two dots placed over two vowels occurring together (thus, ee) show that the letters are to be pronounced as two syllables. [In the Crambi and Tinea?, where the diminutive termination -ellus, or -ella, is usually added to the root of the name, and is often imme- diately preceded by a vowel, the dots have generally been omitted ; but in all such cases the vowels are to be pronounced as two sylla- bles : thus, Regiella, pron. Re-gi- el-la, not Re-giel-la.~] Table of Consonant Sounds. c is to be pronounced hard, as fc. p soft, as s. ch , hard, as k : except when (in names from the German) preceded by s, in which case the sch is equivalent to sh, and is printed sph ; thus Frischella, pron. as Frishella. g is to be pronounced hard, as in " gate." g soft, as in " gem." The position of the accent ( ' ) shows where stress is to be laid, viz. on the syllable preceding the accent. AN ACCENTUATED LIST OF THE BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. LEPIDOPTERA, Z., LEPIDOP'TERA. \67Tt9, a scale, Trre/oov, a wing : Insects whose wings are clothed with scales. DIURNI, DIUR'NI. Day-fliers. PAPILIONIDJE, Lea., Papilio nidae, the family of which the genus Papilio is the type. PAPILIO, L., Papilio , papilio , a butterfly. Linnaeus first attempted to combine in some degree Natural and Civil History, by attaching the names of personages, illustrious in their day, to Insects of particular kinds. His first division of the Butterflies consists of Equites (Knights), and these are subdivided into Troes and Achivi (Trojans and Greeks). A Greek knight heads our list. MACHAON, L., Machaon. The hero of this name is mentioned by Homer, II. ii. 731 'A(Tic\'r}7ri,dSa Bvo TralSe, Irjrrjp ayaOoi), TloSaheipios rj8e Ma^awv. (The two sons of ^Esculapius, skilled in leech- craft, Podalirius and Machaon.) A AN ACCENTUATED LIST OF PIERIDJE, Dup., Pieridffi, the family of which the genus Pieris is the type. LEUCOPHASIA, Ste., Leucophas'ia ; \evic6s, white, (f>dcri,$, appearance. SINAPIS, Ste., Sine? pis, named from the Common Mustard (Sinapis nigra) ; but the larva feeds on Vicia Craeca, Lotus, &c. PIERIS, Sch., Pieris, Pieris, a Muse. The Muses de- rived their name Pierides from Mount Pierus, where they were worshipped. CRAT.vo9, angular (cf. rplycovos), Trrepvj;, a wing. RHAMNI, L., Rham'nl, feeds on Buckthorn (Rham- nus catharticus) . COLIAS, F., Co lias, a surname of Venus, from a promontory of Attica, at which she was wor- shipped. EDUSA, F., Edu'sa, a Roman divinity, worshipped as the protectress of children, and supposed to bless their food (edere, to eat) . HYALE, L., Hy 'ale, a nymph in the train of Diana. Ovid, Met. iii. 470. VANESSIDJE, Dup., Vanes' sides, the family of which the genus Vanessa is the type. ARGYNNIS, F., Argyn'nis, a surname of Venus, from the temple erected in her honour by Agamem- THE BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 3 non on the death of his favourite Argyimus. Proper, iv. 6. 22. LATONA, L., Latona [Lathonia], the mother of Apollo and Diana. PAPHIA, L., Paph'ia, a surname of Venus, from the island of Paphos. AGLAIA, L., Agl'dia, one of the Graces. ADIPPE, L., Adippe. Linne says, " In Fauna Cy- dippe perperam pro Adippe legitur." It seems probable that Adippe is merely a variation of Cydippe (for which cf. Virg. Geor. iv. 339), made in consequence of the latter name having been already appropriated to another species. EUPHROSYNE, L., Euphros'yne, one of the Graces. SELENE, W. V., Selene, the Greek name for Luna, the Moon. MELITLEA, F., Melita'a, a town in Thessaly. Sodoff- sky proposes Melinaa, a surname of Venus, from fjue\L, honey. ATHALiA,Esp., Athall'a, the daughter of Ahab, king of Israel heroine of Racine's tragedy " Athalie." CINXIA, L., (jinx'ia, a surname of Juno, connected with cingulus, a girdle. ARTEMIS, W. V., Artemis, the Greek name for Diana. VANESSA, F., Vanes' so,-, probably from Swift's poem of Cadenus and Vanessa, in which the Dean (Decanus) tells the story of his love for Esther (Essd) Ftmhombrugh. Sodoffsky proposes Phanessa, from Qdvys, a Neo-Platonic name for the god of Love. C-ALBUM, L., C-al'bum, the white C, from the C-like mark on the underside of the hind-wings. URTIC.E, L., Urti'qa, feeds on the Nettle (Urtica dioica) . POLYCHLOROS, L., Potychloros. Linne took this name from Aldrovandus, who says (Ins. iii. 245), " Septimus I 7ro\v^\a)po^ dici queat, propter co- lorum diversitatem " (the seventh may be called Polychloros, on account of its varied colours). He seems to have confounded the Latin color with_the Greek ^Xw/ao?, pale. lo, L., I'd, a Grecian heroine, famous for her beauty and her misfortunes. Ovid, Met. i. 588. ANTIOPA, L., Antiopa, the mother of Amphion. Pers. i. 77. B 2 AN ACCENTUATED LIST OF ATALANTA, L., Atalarita, a celebrated beauty, who made all her lovers race with her, on the penalty of death if they could not catch her. Ovid, Met. x. 598. CARDUI, L., Car' dm, feeds on Thistle (Carduus nutans). NYMPHALIDJE, Dup., Nymphalida, the family of which Nymphalis (a genus of exotic Butterflies) is the type. LIMENITIS, F., Limenl'tis, \ifj,viri?, harbour-keeping, an epithet applied to several divinities. SIBYL'LA, F., Sibyl'la, a Sibyl. APATURA, F., Apatura, a surname of Venus, which she obtained from a trick (aTrdrrj) that she played_on some Giants. Strabo, xi. 757. IRIS, L., I'ris, the messenger of Juno ; " Mille trahens varios ad verso Sole col ores." Virg. ^En. iv. 700. SATYRIDJE, Bdv., Satyrida, the family of which Sat'yrus is the type. ARGE, Esp., Ar'ge, apyos, white. GALATEA, L., Galatea [Galathea], a nymph beloved by Acis. EREBIA, Dal., Ereb'ia, Erebus, the region of darkness ; from the dark colours of this genus. BLANDINA, F., Blandl'na, the name of a slave who was martyred during the persecution of the church at Lyons, A.D. 177. CASSIOPE, F., Cassiope, the mother of Andromeda. Proper, i. 17. 3. SATYRUS, Bdv., Sat'yrus, a Satyr, a rustic deity, half man and_half goat. Cf. Virg. Eel. v. 73. EGERIA, L., Eger'ia [^Egeria], a nymph who was supposed to have favoured and instructed Numa Pompilius. Ovid, Fast. iii. 275. MEG^ERA, L., Mega'ra, one of the Furies. Virg. ^En. xii. 846. SEMELE, L., Sem'ele, the mother of Bacchus. Pind. Ol. ii. 48. IANIRA, L., lanl'ra, one of the Nereids; or the wife of Capaneus. Cf. ^Esch. Sept. c. Theb. 440. TITHONUS, L., Tithonus, the husband of Aurora. Cf. Virg. Geor. i. 447. THE BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. O HYPERANTHUS, L., Hy per an' thus ; probably a typo- graphical error for Hyperanthes, a son of Darius, who fell at Thermopylae. Cf. Her. vii. 224. CHORTOBIUS, Gu., Chorto'bius ; %6pro9, grass, /3/o?, life. DAVUS, F., Davus, a common name among the Romans. PAMPHILUS, L., Pam'philus, a common name among the Romans. LYCJENIDJE, Lea., Lyqa'nida, the family of which the genus Lyctena is the type. THECLA, F., Thee la, Virgin and Martyr. Cf. Butler's Lives of the Saints, ix. 286. RUBI, L., Rubl, feeds on Bramble (Rubus fruticosus). QUERCUS, L., Quer'cus, feeds on Oak (Quercus Robur) . W-ALBUM, Kn., W-al'bum, on account of the white W on the under- wings. PRUNI, L., Pruni, feeds on the Blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) . BETUL^:, L., Bet'ula, feeds on the Birch (Betula alba). POLYOMMATUS, Lat., Polyom'matus, TroXuo/^aro?, many-eyed. DISPAR, Ha., Dis'par, dispar, unlike ; on account of the disparity in appearance of the sexes. PHLCEAS, L., Phloe'as, a surname of Venus ; perhaps connected with \oio<; } Latin flos, English bloom. , F., Lyqa'na, \vicalva, a she-wolf. Sodoffsky proposes Lycia, a surname of Diana. , W. V., JEt'gon, a Roman shepherd. Cf. Virg. Eel. iii. 2. AGESTIS, W. V., Ages' tis ; perhaps a typographical error for Agrestis, a rustic. ALEXIS, W. V., Alex' is, a Roman shepherd. Cf. Virg. Eel. ii. 1. ADONIS, W. V., Adonis, a young shepherd, beloved by Venus. Cf. Virg. JEn. x. 18. CORYDON, Sco., Cor' y don, a Roman shepherd. Cf. Virg. Ecl._ii. 56. Ac is, W. V., A'qis, well known in connexion with Galatea. Cf. Ovid, Met. xiii. 750. 6 AN ACCENTUATED LIST OF ARGIOLUS, L., Argiolus, dimintitive of Argos. ALSUS, W. V., Al'sus, a Rutulian shepherd. Cf. Virg. JEn. xii. 304. ARION, L., Arl'on, a celebrated Lyric poet. Cf. Her. i. 23. ERYCINID-ZE, Wwd., Erycl'nida, the family of which Ery- cina, a genus of exotic Butterflies, is the type. NEMEOBIUS, Ste., Nemeo'bius ; 1/6/^09, a grove, /3io9, life. LUCINA, L., Lucl'na, the goddess who aided women in childbirth. Cf. Virg. Eel. iv. 10. HESPEEIIDJE, Lea., Hesperiidae, the family of which the genus Hesperia is the type. SYRICHTHUS, Bdv., Syrich'thus. ALVEOLUS, Hub., Alveolus, a chess-board, "the imago being blackish, checquered with somewhat square, creamy-white spots." (Sta.) THANAOS, Bdv., Than'aos; perhaps a typographical error for Thanatos, Death. If this be so, the name must have been given in allusion to the dark colour of the species. TAGES, L., Ta'ges, a son of Genius, who first taught the Etruscans the art of divination. Linnaeus probably chose this name for one of the Ruri- colae because the story is told of Tages being found by a rustic, while ploughing. HESPERIA, Cur., Hesperia, an ancient name for Italy. Cf. Virg. JEn. i. 530. PANISCUS, F., Panis'cus, diminutive of Pan, the god of shepherds. SYLVANUS, F., Sylvd'nus, found in woods. COMMA, L., Com ma, on account of the mark on the fore-wings. LINEA, W. V., Li'nea, on account of the line on the fore- wings. ACTION, Esp., Ada' on, a hunter, who saw Diana bathing, was changed into a stag, and pulled down by his own hounds. THE BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. NOCTURNI, NOCTUR'NL Night-fliers. SPHINGID2E, Lea., Sphin'gida, tlie family of which the genus Sphinx is the type. SMERINTHUS, Lat., Smerinthus, v^pwOos, a thread, or fishing-line : perhaps from the lateral stripes on the larvae. OCELLATUS, L., Ocellatus, ocellus, an eye ; from the eye-like spots on the wings. POPULI, L., Po'pull, feeds on Poplar (Populus alba). TILL/E, L., Til' ice, feeds on the Lime (Tilia Europsea). ACHERONTIA, Och., Acheron 'tia, Acheron, a river in Hades ; alluding to the symbols of death, the skull and cross-bones, upon the thorax of the insect. ATROPOS, L., At'ropos, one of the Fates, the de- stroyer of life. SPHINX, L., Sphinx ; so named from the fancied re- semblance of the larva, when in repose, to the Egyptian Sphinx. CONVOLVULI, L., Convol'vult, feeds on Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis). LIGUSTRI, L., Ligus'trl, feeds on Privet (Ligustrum vulgare) . PINASTRI, L., Pinas'tri, pinaster, a wild pine : feeds on Pines. DEILEPHILA, Och., Deilephila ; Sefay, the evening, i\elv, to love. EUPHORBIA, L., Euphor'bice, feeds on Spurge (Eu- phorbia Paralias and Cyparissias) . GALII, F., Gal' it, feeds on Bedstraw (Galium verum). LINEATA, Och., Lined' ta, linea, a line; from the distinct white veins. CHCEROCAMPA, Dup., Choerocam'pa; %ot/?o9, a hog, /cdfjLTrrj, a caterpillar : the extended neck of the larva resembling a hog's snout. ELPENOR, L., Elpenor, a friend of Ulysses, changed by Circe into a hog. PORCELLUS, L., Porqel'lus, porcellus, a little hog. CELERIO, L., Qeler'io, celer, swift. NERII, L., Ne'ril, feeds on Oleander (Nerium Ole- ander) . MACROGrLOSSA, Sco., Macroglos'sa -, pa/epos, long, tongue. 8 AN ACCENTUATED LIST OF STELLATARUM, L., Stelldtarum, feeds on Bedstraw (Galium Mollugo), one of the family Stellatae. FUCIFORMIS, L., Fuqifor'mis ; fucus, a drone, forma, shape : resembles a drone. BOMBYLIFORMIS, Esp., Bombylifor' 'mis , resembles a fly of the Dipterous genus Bombylius. SESIIDJE, Ste., Sesiida, the family of which the genus Sesia is the type. SESIA, P., Se'sia, 0-779, a moth. CYNIPIFORMIS, Och., Qynipifor'mis, resembles a Gall-fly (Cynips). TIPUL.EFORMIS, L., Tipulafor'mis, resembles a Midge (Tipuld). ALLANTIFORMIS, New., Allantifor'mis, resembles a Saw-fly of the genus Allantus. SPHEGIFORMIS, F., Sphegifor'mis, resembles a Sand- wasp (Sphex). MYOP^FORMIS, Bork., Myop&for'mis, resembles a fly of the genus Myopa. FORMIC^EFORMIS, Esp., Formlqoefor' mis , resembles an Ant (Formica] . CULICIFORMIS, L., Culiqifor'mis, resembles a Gnat (Culex). CHRYSIDIFORMIS, Esp v Chrysidifor'mis, resembles a Ruby-tail Fly (Chrysis). ASILIFORMIS, Schif., Asilifor'mis, resembles the Gad-fly (Asilus). ICHNEUMONIFORMIS, Schif., Ichneumonifor'mis, re- sembles an Ichneumon Fly. APIFORMIS, L., Apifor'mis, resembles a Bee (Apis). BEMBICIFORMIS, Hub., Bembiqifor'mis, resembles a Bembix, one of the Aculeate Hymenoptera. ZENZEKIDJE, Lat., Zenzerida, the family of which Zenzera is the type. MACROGASTEE, Dup., Macrogas ter ; pa/epos, long, ryao-rijp, the belly. ARUNDINIS, Hub., Aruridinis, feeds within Rushes (Arundo Phragmitis). ZENZERA, Lat., Zenzera [Zeuzera], zenzara, the Italian for a gnat, from zenzero, ginger, on account of the pungency of its bite. Latreille first wrote Zenzeres : he afterwards uses Zeu- zeres, which Agassiz derives from Zevyvvpi,, to bind. THE BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 9 ,/EscuLi, L., Ms cull, jEsculus, a horse-chestnut, in which (amongst other trees) the larva burrows and feeds. COSSUS, F., Cos'sus, a name given by Pliny to a larva found under the bark of trees. LIGNIPERDA, F., Ligniper' 'da ; lignum, wood, per dere, to destroy. The larva bores into the stems of Willow and other trees. HEPIALID53, Ste., Hepial'ida, the family of which the genus Hepialus is the type. HEPIALUS, Ste., Hepialus, f)irLa\os, a fever ; from the fitful, alternating flight of these insects. HUMULI, L., Hu'mull, feeds on the roots of the Hop (Humulus Lupulus). VELLEDA, Hub., Vel'leda : a German priestess of the name of Veleda is mentioned by Tacitus, Germ, viii., and Statius, I. iv. 90. SYLVAN us, L., Sylvanus [Sylvinus], Sylvanus, found in woods. LUPULINUS, L., Lupull'nus, feeds on the roots of the Hop (Humulus Lupulus}. HECTUS, L., Hec'tus, e/cri/cos, hectic, a term applied to slow continuous fever. Cf. Hepialus. COCHLIOPODID2E, Sta., Cochliopod'idce; KO^ULS, a snail, 77-01)9, the foot : the larvae of this family resemble a woodlouse (Oniscus), and have no perceptible legs. LIMACODES, Lat., Limacodes-, Xet//,af, a snail, elSos, form-, from the snail-like appearance of the larvae. ASELLUS, Schif., Asel'lus, a little ass; probably the same as oWoveo?, which properly means a ' little ass/ but also a woodlouse. Cf. Cochliopodidae. TESTUDO, Go., Testudo, a tortoise ; from the larvae having no perceptible legs. Dup., Proc'rida, the family of which the genus Procris is the type. PROCRIS, 111., Procris, the daughter of Erectheus, king of Athens. GLOBULARI.E, Hub., Globularia, from Globularia, a genus of plants of the order Selaginacese. STATICES, L., Stat'iqes, from the Common Thrift (Statice Armeria) ; but the larva feeds on Sorrel. 10 AN ACCENTUATED LIST OF ZYGJENIDJE, Lea., Zyga'mda>, the family of which the genus Zygaena is the type. ZYG^NA, L., Zyga'na, tyyawa, a kind of shark. MINOS, Sch., Minos, according to the Greek my- thology one of the judges of departed souls. FILIPENDUL^, L., Fllipen'dulae, from the Common Dropwort (Spirsea filipenduld) ; but the larva feeds on various leguminous plants. LONICER.E, Esp., Lome era, from the Honeysuckle (Lonicera Periclymenum) ; but the larva feeds on Vetches, &c. TRIFOLII, Esp., Trifol'il ; the larva feeds on various species of Trefoil (Trifolium). NOLIDJE, Sta., Nolidae, the family of which the genus Nola is the type. NOLA, Lea., No la, a town in Campania in Italy. CUCULLATELLA, L., Cuculldtel'la, cucidlus, a hood. CBISTULALIS, Hub., Cristuld'lis, cristula, a small crest. STRIGULA, Hub., Strig'ula, striga, a swathe, a line or streak. LITHOSIIDjE, Ste., Lithosiida, the family of which the genus Lithosia is the type. NUDABIA, Ste., Nudaria, nudus, naked; from the wings being but slightly clothed with scales. SENEX, Hub., Se'nex,senex, old; from the wrinkled appearance of the wings. MUNDANA, L., Mundana, mundanus, of the earth. SETINA, Ste., Setl'na, Setia, a town of Latium : the wine grown on the Setine hills is commended by Juvenal, v. 34, x. 27. IRRORELLA, L., Irrorel'la, irrorare, to bedew, be- sprinkle; from the black dots which stud the wings. CALLIGENIA, Dup., Calligem a, Ka\\iyei$ia, 'the mother of beauty,' an epithet of Demeter or the Earth. MINIATA, For., Miniata, minium, red lead. LITHOSIA, F., Lithos'ia, \i0o$, a stone ; from the grey hue and stony appearance of several of the species. MESOMELLA, L., Mesomel'la, mesomelas, a white stone with a black stripe. Plin. 37. 10. 63. THE BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 11 MUSCERDA, Hub., MUSCAT 'da, muscerda, mouse dung. AUREOLA, Hub., Aureola, aureolus, golden. PYGM^OLA, Dbl., Pygm&'ola, diminutive ofpygmteus, a dwarf. HELVOLA, Hub., Hel'vola, helvolus, pale yellow. COMPLANULA, Bdv., Complauula, diminutive of com- plana. COMPLANA, L., Complana, complanare, to level ; from the insect sitting with its wings flat. STRAMINEOLA, Dbl., Strdmineola, stramineus, straw- coloured. QUADRA, L., Quad 'r a, quadra, a square ; in allusion to the four spots, two on each fore- wing of the female. RUBRICOLLIS, L., Rubrical' Us -, ruber, red, collum, the neck ; from the red collar. EMYDIA, Bdv., Emyd'ia, emys, a freshwater tortoise. Cf. Chelonias. GRAMMICA, L., Gram mica, grammicus, covered with lines. CRIBRUM, L., Crl'brum, cribrum, a sieve : the wings are white, crossed with blackish bands, giving the appearance of a sieve. EUCHELIIDJE, Dbl., Eucheliida, the family of which the genus Euchelia is the type. DE1OPEIA, Ste., Deiopei'a, ArjioTrela, one of Juno's nymphs. PULCHELLA, L., Pulchel'la, diminutive from pulcher, beautiful. EUCHELIA, Bdv., Euchelia ; ev, well, xn^rj, a claw, or any cloven implement. JACOB^E^;, L., Jacob&'a; feeds on Ragwort (Senecio Jacobaa] . CALLIMOftPHA, Lat., Callimor'pha ; icd\\o?, beauty, DOMINULA, L., Domiriula, diminutive of domina, a mistress, queen; from the royal splendour of the insect. CHELONIIDJE, Ste., Cheloniidte, the family of which the genus Chelonia is the type. EUTHEMONIA, Ste., Euthemo'nia, evdww, neat, pretty. RUSSULA, L., Rus'sula, russulus, reddish. 12 AN ACCENTUATED LIST OF CHELONIA, Lat., Chelonia, %eXowa?, a spotted beetle ; from the spotted wings of the insects of this genus : or, from ^eXcovrj, a tortoise. PLANTAGINIS, L., Planta ginis ; the larva feeds on Plantain (Plantago}. CAIA, L. 3 Cai'a, a Roman lady. VILLICA, L., Villica, villica, a female overseer. ARCTIA, Sch., Arc'tia, ap/cros, a dear ; alluding to the rough hairy larvae. FULIGINOSA, L., Futiginosa, fultgo, soot : the hind wings are blackish pink, with black margins. MENDICA, L., Mendl'ca, mendicus, a beggar. LUBRICIPES, L., Lubricipes, lubricipes, swift-footed; from the activity of the larva. MENTHASTRI, Schif., Menthas'tri, menthastrum, wild mint. URTIC^, Ste., Urtiqa, urtica, a nettle ; the larva feeds on various low plants. LIP ARID JE, Ste v L4pafid& t the family of which the genus Lip'aris is the type. LIPARIS, Och._, Lip'aris, \iTrapos, bright. CHRYSORRHCEA, L., Chrysorrhce' a ; ^pucro?, gold, pew, to flow -, from the anal tuft being golden- brown. AURIFLUA, F., Aurif'lua-, aurum, gold, fluere, to flow ; from the anal tuft being golden, SALICIS, L., Sal'icis, feeds on the Willow (Salix). DISPAR, L., Dis'par, dispar, unlike; from the dis- similarity of the sexes in size and colour. MONACHA, L., Moriacha, monacha, a nun ; from the black and white wings. ORGYIA, Ste., Orgyi'a [pron. as if or-gw^-a], opyvia, the outstretched arm-, from ope^eiv, to extend; from the insect's habit of extending the fore- feet. PUDIBUNDA, L., Pudiburida, pudibundus, modest. FASCELINA, L., Fasqeli'na, fastis, a bundle; alluding to the tufts of hair on the larva. CCENOSA, Hub., gwno'sa, ccenosus, marshy ; alluding to the habitat of the larva. GONOSTIGMA, Sco., Gonostig'ma ; ycovla, an angle, o-Tiy/jia, a mark ; from the prominent spot at the anal angle. ANTIQUA, L., Antl'qua, antiquus, ancient. THE BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 13 DEMAS, Ste., De'mas,- A^as, a proper name. CORYLI, L., Cor'yli, Corylus, the hazel, although the larva is not known to feed on the hazel. BOMBYCIDJE, Ste., Bomby'cjda, the*family of which the genus Bombyx is the type. TRICHIURA, Ste., Trichiura ; 0plg, rpi^, hair, ovpd, the tail-, from the woolly abdomen of the female. CRAT^GI, L., Cratce'gl, feeds on the Hawthorn (Crattegus Oxyacantha). PCECILOCAMPA, Ste., Pceqilocam'pa ; TroUCkos, varie- gated, fcdpTTT), a caterpillar. POPULI, L., Po'puli, feeds on the Poplar (Populus). ERIOGASTER, Ger., Eriogas'ter ; ept,ov, wool, ryao-rijp, the belly; from the woolly abdomen of the female. LANESTRIS, L., Ldnes'tris, lana, wool. BOMBYX, Ste., Bom'byx, Popfivt;, a silk-worm. NEUSTRIA, L., Neus tria, a name formerly applied to a portion of France, including Normandy, Brittany, and Anjou. CASTRENSIS, L., Castren'sis, living in a camp; the larvae being gregarious when young. RUBI, L., Ru'bi, rubuSy a bramble ; but the larva feeds on Heath, &c. QUERCUS, L., Quer'cus, quercus, the oak; but the larva feeds on various plants. CALLUN^E, Palmer, Callu'nce, feeds on Ling (Calluna vulgaris) . TRIFOLII, Schif., Trifol'il, feeds on Trefoil (Tri- folium). ODONESTIS, Ger., Odones'tis, according to Agassiz, oSov?, a tooth, vfjo-Tis, hunger ; perhaps from its voracity. Cf. Potatoria. POTATORIA, L., Potdtor'ia, potator, a drinker ; from the habit of the larva. LASIOCAMPA, Sch., Lasiocam'pa ; Xacrto?, hairy, j, a caterpillar. QUERCIFOLIA, L., Quercifol'ia ; quercus, an oak, fo- lium, a leaf; but this and the next species do not show _any preference for oak. ILICIFOLIA, L., Iliqifol'ia ; ilex, the holm oak, folium, a leaf. The names of this and the preceding species may be derived from the resemblance of the insects when at rest to the withered leaves of the oak and holm oak respectively. 14 AN ACCENTUATED LIST OF ENDROMIDJE, Dup., Endromidce, the family of which the genus Eridromis is the type. ENDROMIS, Och., En'dromis, evSpopfo, a rough coarse garment -, alluding to the hairy abdomen of the imago. , VERSICOLOR, L., Versicolor, versicolor, of various colours. SATURNIID2E, Bdv., Saturniida, the family of which the genus Satur'nia is the type. SATURNIA, Sch., Satur'nia, a synonyme of Juno. CARPINI, Schif., Carpi ni, Carpinus, the horn-beam ; but the larva feeds on Heath. GEOMETER L., GEO'METRJE, the tribe of Geometers, or Moths having looper caterpillars. URAPTERYGrlDJE, Gu., Ur apt eryg idee, the family of which the genus Urap'teryx is the type. URAPTERYX, Lea., Urap f teryx [Ourapteryx] ; ovpd, a tail, nrrepv^, a wing ; the hind-wings having a tail-like projection. SAMBUCARIA, L., Sambucaria, feeds on the Elder- tree (Sambucus nigra). ENNOMID^J, Gu., Ennomidce, the family of which the genus En'nomos is the type. EPIONE, Dup., Epl'one, the wife of ^Esculapius, mother of Machaon and Podalirius. VESPERTARIA, L., Vespertaria, vesper, the evening. APICIARIA, W. V., Apiqiaria, apex, the streak on the wing being continued as far as the apex. ADVENARIA, Bork., Advenaria, advena, a stranger. RUMLA, Dup., Ru'mia, a Roman goddess. CRAT^EGATA, L., Crat&ga'ta, feeds on Whitethorn (Cratagus Oxyacantha). VENILIA, Dup., Veni'lia, a nymph, the mother of Turnus. Virg. ^En. x. 76. MACULATA, L., Macula ta, macula, a spot. ANGERONA, Dup., Angero'na, the goddess of Silence. Plin. 3. 5. 9. PRUNARIA, L., Pruna'ria, feeds on Blackthorn (Prunus spinosa). THE BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 15 METROCAMPA, Lat., Metrocam'pa ; fjuerpelv, to mea- sure, /cdfjuTrrj, a caterpillar; alluding to the geo- metrical mode of progression of the larva, pecu- liar, not to this genus only, but to the tribe. MARGARITARIA, L., Margarita' ria, margarita, a pearl. ELLOPIA, Tr., Ellop'ia, the ancient name of the island of Eubcea, now Negropont. FASCIARIA, L., Fascia'ria, fascia, a bar or band. EURYMENE, Dup., Eurymene, the name of a town in Thessaly. DOLABRARIA, L., Doldbrd'ria, dolabra, a mattock or pickaxe; from the shape of the markings on the wings. PERICALLIA, Ste., Perical'lia, 7re/M/eaXX??9, exceed- ingly beautiful. SYRINGARIA, L., Syringd'ria, feeds on the Lilac (Syringa] and other plants. SELENIA, Hub., Selenia, creXrjviov, dimin. from cre\rivrj, any small moon-shaped object ; alluding to the crescent-shaped mark upon the wings of several species. ILLUNARIA, Hub., Illunaria, illunis, moonless; the lunule not occurring on the wings of this species. LUNARIA, F., Lund'ria, lunaris, crescent-shaped. ILLUSTRARIA, Hub., Illustrd'ria, illustris, remark- able, beautiful. ODONTOPERA, Ste., Odontop'era ; o8ow, a tooth, Trejoa?, an end, a boundary ; the margin of the wings being toothed. BIDENTATA, L., Bidentd'ta, bidens, with two teeth ; from the form of the wings. CROCALLIS, Tr., Crocal'lis, crocallis, a precious stone (Plin. 37. 10. 56), probably of a saffron colour (Crocus). ELINGUARIA, L., Elinguaria, elinguis, tongueless; the spiral tongue being obsolete. ENNOMOS, Tr., Erinomos, eVj/o/^o?, lawful, just : " rechtmassig" (Treitschke). ALNIARIA, L., Alnid'ria, feeds on the Alder (Alnus) and many other trees. TILIARIA, Bork., Tilid'ria, feeds on the Lime (Tilia) and other trees. FUSCANTARIA, H&.,_Fuscantd'ria, fuscus, dusky. EROSARIA, W. V., Erosaria,erosus, gnawed off, eaten away. 16 AN ACCENTUATED LIST OF ANGULARIA, W. V., Angularia, anyulus, an angle ; from the shape of the wings. HIMERA, Dup., Hl'mera, the name of an ancient city in Sicily. PENNARIA, L., Pennd'ria, penna, a feather ; alluding to the feathered antennae. AMPHIDASYD2E, Gu., Amphidas'yda, the family of which the genus Amphidasys is the type. PHIGALIA, Dup., Phigal'ia, a town of Arcadia, where are the remains of the temple from which were brought the Phigalian Marbles preserved in the British Museum. PILOSARIA, W. V., Pilosd'ria, pilosus, hairy. NYSSIA, DuTp.,Nys'sia,Nyssa, the birthplace of Bacchus; or from vvcra-ew, to pierce or prick, as its bristly thorax might do. ZONARIA, W. V., Zond'ria, tyvr], a belt, a girdle. HISPIDARIA, W. V., Hispidaria, hispidus, shaggy, rough. BISTON, Lea., Bis' ton, aThracian : the Bio-rove? were a tribe dwelling between Mount Rhodope and the ^Egean Sea. HIRTARIUS, L., Hirtarius, hirtus, hairy. AMPHIDASYS, Ste., Amphidasys [Amphy dasis] , a/*- (plSao-v?, shaggy, fringed all round -, the in- sects being covered with hair. PRODROMARIA, W. V., Prodromd'ria, 7rp6$pofj,os, early ; in allusion to the early appearance of the moth, in March and April. BETULARIA, L., Betularia, betula, a birch-tree ; but the larva feeds on Elm and Oak. BOARMIIDJE, Gu., Boarmiida, the family of which the genus Boar'mia is the type. HEMEROPHILA, Ste., Hemeroph'ila ; ^epa, the day, (f>L\iv, to love. ABRUPTARIA, Thb., Abruptaria, abruptus, broken off; from the interrupted wavy markings on the wings. CLEORA, Cur., Cleora, the wife of Agesilaus, one of the kings of Sparta. VIDUARIA, W, V., Viduaria, viduus, widowed ; the wings, white, sprinkled with black, appearing to be in mourning. THE BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 17 GLABRARIA, Hub., Glabrd'ria, glaber, smooth, with- out hair. LICHENARIA, W. V., Lichena'ria } ^lyfiv, feeds on Lichens. BOARMIA, Tr., Boar'mia, "the Ox-yoker," epithet of the goddess Athene. Lye. 520. REPANDARIA, L., Repandd'ria, repandus, bent back- ward, turned up. RHOMBOIDARIA, W. V., Rhombb'idd'ria, pofjufioeiSijs, rhombus-shaped ; from the form of the mark- ings. ABIETARIA, "W". V., Abietd'ria, feeds on the Pine (Pinus Abies) . CINCTARIA, W. V., Qinctaria, cinctus, girt, ringed. ROBORARIA, W. V., Robord'ria, feeds on Oak (Quercus Robur). CONSORTARIA, F., Consortd'ria, consors, allied; this species being nearly allied to its prede- cessor. TEPHROSIA, Bdv., Tephros'ia, refoos, ash-coloured. CONSONARIA, Hub., Consond'ria, consonus, harmo- nious, suitable. CREPUSCTJLARIA, W. V., Crepusculd'ria, crepusculum, twilight. BIUNDULARIA, V., Biunduld'ria ; bis, twice, undu- latus, marked with wavy lines. EXTERSARIA, Hub., Extersd'ria, extersus, wiped off, smeared. PUNCTULARIA, Hub., Punctuld'ria, punctulum, a little dot ; the wings being thickly covered with dots or atoms. GNOPHOS, Tr., Gnoph'os, ^vo^o?, darkness. OBSCURATA, W.V., Obscura'ta, obscurus, dark, dusky. DASYDIA, Gu., Dasyd'ia, Sao-vs, covered with hair. OBFUSCATA, W. V., Obfuscata, obfuscus, dusky. PSODOS, Tr., Psod'os, " Ho-oSo?, equivalent to <77ro8i09, ash-coloured 3 ' (Treitschke). Sodoffsky writes Spodos. TREPIDARIA, Hub., Trepidd'ria, trepidus, trembling, restless. MNIOPHILA, Bdv., Mnioptiila-, pvlov, moss, l\it], fond of. CINERARIA, Bork., Cineraria, cinerarius, ashen, ash- coloured. c 18 AN ACCENTUATED LIST OF BOLETOBIIDJE, Gu., Boletobiidce, the family of which the genus Boletobia is the type. BOLETOBIA, Bdv., Boletob'ia, boletus, a mushroom, fungus. FULIGINARIA, L., Fuliginaria, fuligo, soot. GEOMETRID2E, Gu., Qeomet'ridte, the family of which the genus Geometra is the type. PSEUDOTERPNA, Hub., Pseudoterpna ; ^ro/SiJ?, false, TepTrvo?, delightful. CYTISARIA, W. V., fytisd'ria, feeds on Cytisus nigri- cans, and other plants. GEOMETRA, Lea., Geo'metra, yewfjueTpew, to measure the earth ; alluding to the geometrical mode of progression of the larvse, a habit not peculiar to this family, but belonging to the tribe Geo- metrce. PAPILIONARIA, L., Pdpilionaria, papilio, a butterfly, to which this moth has some resemblance. SMARAGDARIA, F., Smaragdaria, cr^a^a^So?, an emerald; from its colour. NEMORIA, Hub., Nemor'ia, nemus, a grove. VIRIDATA, _L., Viridd'ta, viridis, green. IODES, Gu., lodes, ubfy?, rust-coloured. VERNARIA, Ha., Vernaria, vernus, appearing in spring. LACTEARIA, Ha., Lacted'ria, lacteus, milk-white. PHORODESMA, Bdv., Phorodes 'ma -, $opelv, to carry, Sea- pa, a chain: alluding to the habit of the larva, which partially covers itself with scraps of moss, &c., and carries about this kind of case. BAITJLARIA, W. V., Baiuld'ria, baiulus, a porter or carrier : also in allusion to the habit of the larva. HEMITHEA, Ste., Hemithea, fjfjuiOeos, half-divine-, from the beauty of the insect. THYMIARIA, L., Thymiaria, thymus, thyme; but the larva feeds on Oak, Whitethorn, &c. EPHYRIDJE, Gu., Ephyridce, the family of which the genus Eph'yra is the type. EPHYRA, Dup., Eph'yra, the ancient name of Corinth. PORARIA, L., For aria, TTW/OO?, tufa or tuff-stone-, which the wings are supposed to resemble. THE BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 19 PUNCTARIA, L., Punctaria, punctum, a dot ; alluding to the circular eye-like marks on the wings. TRILINEARIA, Bork., Trilined'ria ter, thrice, linea, a line ; the wings being traversed by three dark fasciae. OMICRONARIA, W. V., Omicrond'ria, o fjmcpov, the little o ; the wings being marked with an O-like circle. ORBICULARIA, Hub., Orbicularia, orbiculus, a small orb or circle : referring to the ring-like marks on the wings. PENDULARIA, L., Penduld'ria, pendulus, hanging : the pupa hangs by its tail, and with a thread across its breast. ACIDALIIDJE, Gu., Aqldatiidce, the family of which the genus Aqidalia is the type. HYBIA, Ste., Hyr'ia, the name of a town in Bo3otia. Ovid, Met. 7, 271, 380. AURORARIA, Hub., Aurora'ria, Aurora, the goddess of morning ; the wings being tinted with purple and gold, like the sky of early morning. ASTHENA, Hub., As'thena, aaOev^, weak, small. LUTEATA, W. V., Luteata, luteus, orange-yellow. CANDIDATA, W. V., Candida ta, candidus, white. SYLVATA, W. V., Sylvata, sylva, a wood. BLOMERARIA, Cur., Blomeraria, in honour of the late Captain Blomer. EUPISTERIA, Bdv., Eupisteria-, e5, abounding in, incrTripia, canals or channels : in allusion to the numerous streaks across the wings of several of the species. HEPARATA, W. V., Heparata, rJTrap, the liver : liver- coloured. VENUSIA, Cur., Venu'sia, the name of a town in Italy, the birthplace of the poet Horace. CAMBRICARIA, Cur., Cambricd'ria, Cambria, the ancient name of Wales ; the insect having been captured in the Principality. ACID ALIA, Bdv., Aydal'ia, a name of Venus. Virg. ^En. i. 720. OCHREATA, Ste., Ochreata, ochreus, ochre-yellow. RUBRICATA, W. V., Rubricata, rubrica, red earth, red-ochre. SCUTULATA, W. V., Scutulata, scutulatus, lozenge- shaped, checkered. c2 20 AN ACCENTUATED LIST OF BISETATA, Huf., Bisetd'ta-, bis, twice, seta, hair; the hind tibiae of the male being furnished with a long brash of hair. TRIGEMINATA, Ha., Trigemind'ta, trigeminus, three together: referring to the three subconfluent blackish spots on the fore-wings. CONTIGUARIA, Ha., Contiffud'ria, contiguus, near, allied to. RUSTICATA, W. V., Rusticd'ta, rusticus, rustic. OSSEATA, W. V., Ossed'ta, osseus, bony : bone-co- loured. HOLOSERICATA, Dup., Holosericatd, oXocr^pt/co?, all of silk, silky. INCANARIA, Hub., Incdnaria, incanus, quite grey, hoary. CIRCELLATA, Gu., Qirqelld'td, circellus, a small ring. ORNATA, W. V., Ornd'td, ornatus, adorned, hand- some. PROMUTATA, Gu., Promutd'ta ; pro, before, mutatus, changed. STRAMINATA, Gu., Strdmind'ta, stramen, straw : straw-coloured. SUBSERICEATA, Ha., Subseriqed'ta ; sub, slightly, sericeus, silky. IMMUTATA, F., Immutd'ta, immutatus, unchanged. REMUTATA, L., Remutd'ta, remutatus, changed. COMMUTATA, Gu., Commutd'ta, commutatus, changed entirely. STRIGILATA, W. V., Strigild'ta, strigilis, a strigil, or scraper used by bathers ; the form of which is supposed to be represented by the marks on the wings. IMITARIA, Hub., Imitd'ria, imitari, to imitate, to counterfeit. EMUTARIA, ~H.\\b.,_Emutd'ria, emutare, to change. AVERSATA, L., Aver sat a, aversatus, turned away, avoided. IN ORNATA, Ha., Inornd'ta, inornatus, unadorned. DEGENERARIA, Hub., Degenerd'ria, degenerare, to depart from its_race or kind. EMARGINATA, L., Emargind'ta, emarginatus, taken out of the margin : the margins of the wings being angulated. TIMANDRA, Dup., Tlmaridra, the daughter of Tyn- dareus and Leda, and mother of Evandrus. AMATARIA, L., Amdtd'ria, amatus, beloved, dear. THE BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 21 CABERIRffi, Gu., Caberida, the family of which the genus Cabe'ra is the type. CABERA, Tr., Cabe'ra, "the daughter of Proteus" (Treitschke). PUSARIA, L., Pusaria, pusa, a little maiden ; from the delicacy of the insect. ROTUNDARIA, Ha., Rotundd'ria, rotundus, round ; from the rounded form of the wings. EXANTHEMARIA, Sco., Exanthema rid, e^dvOrj^a, a flower. CORYCIA, Dup., Coryqia, a nymph, from whom the Corycian Cave in Mount Parnassus derived its name. Ovid, Met. i. 320. TEMERATA, W. V., Temerata, temeratus, stained, defiled. TAMINATA, W. V., Tdmina'ta, taminatus, stained, contaminated. ALEUCIS, Gu., Aleuqis', a priv., Xeiwo9, white: in- distinct, obscure. PICTARIA, Cur., Pictaria, pictus, painted. MACARIID^E, Gu., Macariidce, the family of which the genus Macar'ia is the type. MAC ARIA, Cur., Macar'ia, the daughter of Hercules and Deianira ; also a poetical name applied to several islands, Lesbos, Rhodes, Cyprus ; " the happy isle." ALTERNATA, W. V., Alternata, alternus, alternate. NOTATA, L., Notd'ta, notatus, marked. LITURATA, L., Liturata, litura, a blot or smear. HALIA, Dup., Hal'ia, a Nereid or Sea-nymph. VAUARIA, L., Vauaria [Wauaria], Vau } the letter V ; the form of which is distinctly marked on the fore-wings. FIDONIIDJE, Gu., Fiddniida, the family of which the genus Fidonia is the type. STRENIA, Dup., Stre'nia, the goddess who presided over new-year's-gifts (strena, Fr. etrennes). CLATHRATA, L., Cldthrd'ta, clathratus } latticed. PAN AGRA, Gu., Panag'ra, Travdopeiv, to carry ; from the feathered antennae of the male. > PLUMIGERA, Schif., Plumig'era-, pluma, a feather, gerere, to carry. PTILODONTIS, Ste., Ptilodon'tis >, TTT/XOV, a feather, 0801/9, a tooth-, from the tooth-like feathery palpi of this insect. PALPINA, L., Palpi' na, from the large palpi. NOTODONTA, Ste., Notodonta -, VWTO?, the back, oSoik, a tooth ; from the tooth-like projections on the inner edge of the fore- wings, which meet over the back. CAMELINA, L., Camell'na, camelus, a camel; from the projecting hump. CUCULLINA, Schif., Cuculll'na, cucullus, a hood. CARMELITA, Esp., Carmell'ta ; from the hoods of the Carmelite friars. DICT^EA, L., Dictce'a, Dicte, a mountain in Crete. DICT^EOIDES, Esp., Dictceol'des, Ai/craia-elSos, re- sembling Dictaa. DROMEDARIUS, L., Dromedarius, a dromedary; from the humps on the larvae. TRILOPHUS, Schif., Tril'ophus [Tritoplms], rpi\o- ^>09, with three crests or humps. ZICZAC, L., Zic'zac ; from the " zic-zac " position of the larvae when at rest. TREPIDA, F., Trep'ida, trepidus, trembling; from the tremulous motion of the larva when alarmed. CHAONIA, Schif., Chdon'ia, a district in Epirus. THE BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 33 Schif., Dddon&'a, Dodona, a city in Epirus, famous for its oaks ; the larvae of this species and of the preceding feed on Oak. DILOBA, Bdv., Dil'oba 8/9, twice, \6/3os, the lobe, or lower part of the ear-, from the lobe-shaped spots, which form a figure of 8 on the fore- wings. C^ERULEOCEPHALA, L., (^csruleocfpli ' ala ', cceruleus, dark blue, /cetyaXtj, the head. NOCTU^E, L., NOC'TU^E. Night-Moths. NOCTUO-BOMBYCIDJE, Gu., Noc'tuo-bomby'cpda ; resembling Noctu(S ^and Bombyces. THYATIRA, Och., Thyatl'ra, a city in Asia Minor. DERASA, L., Derd'sa, derasus, shaven, made smooth, from the smoothness of part of the fore- wings. BATIS, L., Ba'tis, /3r09, bramble, on which the larva feeds. CYMATOPHOBA, Tr., fymato'phora; /cvpa, a wave, opelv, to bear. Guenee proposed Chymato- phora, because " c^est ordinairement le ch qui en latin remplace le ^ des Grecs." Xu/u.a would mean a liquid. We prefer the other derivation. DUPLARIS, L., Duplaris, duplaris, doubled, on ac- count of the two black spots on the fore- wings. FLUCTUOSA, Hub., Fluctuo'sa, fluctus, a wave, from the wavy character of the markings on the fore- wings. DILUTA, W. V., Dlluta, dilutus, washed off; the fore- wings being very pale grey. OR, W. V., Or, from the letters " or }) supposed to be legible on the fore- wings. OCULARIS, L., Ocularis, ocularis, belonging to the eyes ; from the two eye-like marks on the fore- wings. FLAVICORNIS, L., Fldvicor'nis ; flavus, yellow, cornu, a horn ; from the colour of the antennae. RIDENS, F., Ri'dens, ridens, smiling. BRYOPHILIDJE, Gu., Bryophilidai -, the family of which the genus Bryo'phila is the type. BRYOPHILA, Tr., Bryo'phila ; @pvov, moss, t\o?, fond of: the larvae feed on lichens. GLANDIFERA, W. V., Glandi'fera ; glans, an acorn, ferre, to bear. PERLA, W. V., Per' la, perla, a pearl. D 34 AN ACCENTUATED LIST OF BOMBYCOIRffi, Gu., Bombycoi'da, the family which resembles the Bombyces : the hairy larvse being easily mistaken for those of Bombyces. DIPHTHERA, Och., Diptithera, B^0epa, " a prepared hide; the skin of the goat Amalthea." (Tr.) ORION, Esp., Orion, the handsomest hunter of his race. Cf. Horn. Od. v. 121 seq. ACRONYCTA, Och., Acronyc'ta, atcpovvfcrw, the be- ginning of night. TRIDENS, W. V., Tri'dens, a trident, from the dagger- like markings. Psi, L., Psl, from the Greek letter i|r. LEPORINA, L., Leporlna, lepus, a hare. ACERIS, L., Aq'eris, feeds on Sycamore (^4cerPseudo- platanus) . MEGACEPHALA, W. V., Megaqepti ala, fjueyas, great, Kea\r), a head. STRIGOSA, W. V v Strigosa, striga, a streak or stripe ; from the dagger-like stripe. ALNI, L., Al'nl, feeds on Alder (Alnus glutinosa) and other trees. LIGUSTRI, W. V., Ligus'tri, feeds on Privet (Ligus- trum vulgare) and on Ash. RUMICIS, L., Ru'micis, feeds on Dock (Rumex ace- tosa) and on various other plants. AURICOMA, W. V., Auri'coma, aurum, gold, coma, hair. MENYANTHIDIS, View., Menyarithidis, named from the Bog-bean (Menyanthes trifoliata), but feeds on Heather and Sweet Gale. MYRIC^:, Gu., Myrl'qce, feeds on Sweet Gale (My- rica Gale). SIMYRA, Och., Si'myra, "a town near Tripolis" (Och.). VENOSA, Bork., Venosa, venosus, veiny. LEUCANIIDJE, Gu., Leucaniidce, the family of which the genus Leuca'nia is the type. SYNIA, Dup. MUSCULOSA, Hub., Musculosa, musculosus, muscu- lar, full of veins. LEUCANIA, Och., Leuca'nia, \evicbs, white. CONIGERA, W. V., Coni'gera ; conus, a cone, and gerere, to carry ; from the conical white spot which forms the lower half of the stigma. THE BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 35 VITELLINA, Hub., Vitelli'na, vitulus, a calf; vitel- linus, veal-like, referring to the colour. TURCA, L., Tur'ca, Turca, a Turk. LITHARGYRIA, Esp., Lithargy'rid, \i6apyvpos, vitri- fied lead; from the general tinge of the wings. OBSOLETA, Hub., Obsoleta, obsoletus, old, worn out, common. LITTORALIS, Cur., Littoralis, littoralis, frequenting the sea-shore. PUDORINA, W. V., Pudorl'na, pudor, modesty ; re- ferring to the ruddy, blush-like tinge which suffuses the wings. COMMA, L., Com' ma, from the black dashes between the veins in the fore- wings. STRAMINEA, Tr., Stramin'ea, stramineus, straw-co- lour ; from the colour of the wings. IMPURA, Hub., Impura, impurus, impure, dirty. FALLENS, L., Pal' lens, pallens, pale. PHRAGMITIDIS, Hub., Phragml'tidis : the larva feeds in the young stems of the Reed (Arundo Phrag- mites). ME LI AN A, Cur., Melia'na, Melos, an island in the ^Egean Sea. FLAMMEA ; Cur., Flam'mea, flammeus, naming. SENTA, Ste., Serita, a place on the coast of Dalmatia mentioned by Pliny. ULV.E, Hub., Ul'vte, ulva, sedge ; feeds on the Reed (Arundo Phragmites). NONAGRIA, Och., Nonag'ria, " an island in the ^Egean Sea" (Tr.); said by Pliny to have been the earlier name of Andros. DESPECTA, Tr., Despec'ta, despectus, despised. FULVA, Hub., Ful'va,fulvus, tawny. EXTREMA, Hub., Extrema, extremus, the last, smallest. HELLMANNI, Fre., Hellmarim, in honour of A. Hellmann, author of a treatise on the Anatomy of Snakes, published at Gottingen, 1817. NEURICA, Hub., Neu'rica. vevpi/cos, sinewy. GEMINIPUNCTA, Hat., Gemmipunc' ta } geminus, twin, punctum, a spot. CANN^, Och., Cannes, canna, a reed. TYPH;E, Thb., Ty'pha, feeds on Great Cat's-tail (Typha latifolia). LUTOSA, Cur., Lutosa, lutosus, muddy, clay-coloured. 36 AN ACCENTUATED LIST OF APAMEID^E, Gu., Apame'ida, the family of which the genus Apamea is the type. GORTYNA, Oeh., Gorty'na, a town of Crete. FLAVAGO, W. V., Flavago, flavus, yellow : the ter- mination -ago is retained because the authors of W. V. placed this species among the Xanthise. HYDRCECIA, Gu., Hydros' qia-, vBcop, water, OIKOS, a habitation. NICTITANS, L., Nic' titans, nictitans, flickering. PETASITIS, Dbl., Petasl'tis-, the larva feeds in the stems and roots of the Butter Bur (Tussilago Petasites) . MICACEA, Esp., Micaqea, micare, to glitter. AXYLIA, Hub., Axy'lia, a intensitive, %v\ov, wood-, from the wood-like appearance. PUTRIS, L., Putris, puter, rotten ; the insect resem- bling a piece of rotten wood. XYLOPHASIA, Ste., Xylophas'ia ; %v\ov, wood, $av, a tooth-, from the tooth-like markings on the wings. HEPATICA, L._, Hepat'ica, rjTraTiicos, liver-coloured. SCOLOPACINA, Esp v Scolopacp'na, scolopax, a wood- cock; from a resemblance to the plumage of this bird. DIPTERYGIA, Ste., Dipterygia ; $k, double, irrepv^, a wing. PINASTRI, L., Plnas'trl, pinaster, the wild pine ; but the larva feeds on Sorrel. XYLOMIGES, Gu., Xylom'iges, %v\ofjii,v\r), a tribe. AUSTRALIS, Bdv., Australis, australis, southern. LAPHYGMA, Gu., Laphyg'ma, Xd^vy/jia, gluttony. EXIGUA, Hub., Exig'ua, exiguus, small. THE BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 37 NEURIA, Gu., Neu'ria, vevpov, a sinew ; on account of the pale nervures so plainly visible. SAPONARIJE, Bork., Saponaria, named from the Soap wort (Saponaria officinalis) : the larva feeds on Silene and several other plants. HELIOPHOBUS, Bdv., Helioph 'obus ; ij\ios, the sun, (fro/Sew, to dread. POPULARIS, F., Popularis, Populus, a poplar; but the larva is found at the roots of grass. HISPIDUS, Hub., His'pidus, hispidus, rough, hairy. CHAR^EAS, Ste., Chara'as, xdpts, grace. GRAMINIS, L., Gra 'minis, gramen, grass : the larva is found at the roots of grass, and the imago flying in grass fields. PACHETRA, Gu., Pachetra ; ira^, thick, ^rpov, the abdomen. LEUCOPH^IA, W. V., Leucopha'a, Xeu/co^ato?, ash- coloured. CEE/IGO, Ste., Qerl'go, the modern name of the island Cythera. CYTHEREA, F._, Qythere'a, a surname of Venus, from the island Cythera. LUPERINA, Bdv., Luperina. TESTACEA, W. V., Testa qea, testa, a tile, from the greyish ochreous colour. DUMERILI, Dup., Dume'rili, in honour of A. M. C. Dumeril, author of " Exposition d'une Methode naturelle pour 1'etude et la classification des Insectes" (Paris, 1801); a Zoologie Analytique" (1806) ; " Consid. gen. sur la classe des In- sectes" (1823), &c. C^SPITIS, W. V., Qas'pitis, caespes, turf; the larva being found on various species of Grass. MAMESTRA, Och., Mames'tra, " formerly the capital of Lesser Armenia." (Tr.) ABJECTA, Hub., Abjec'ta, abjectus, cast away. ANCEPS, Hub., An'qeps, anceps, double-headed. ALBICOLON, Hub., Albicolon ; albus, white, colon, a dot ; on account of the row of yellowish-white spots. FURVA, W. V., Fur'va,furvus, dark. BRASSIC^:, L., Bras'siqce, feeds on the Cabbage (Brassica oleracea). PERSICARI^E, L., Persicarm; from the herb of the same name : the larva feeds on several low herbs. 38 AN ACCENTUATED LIST OF APAMEA, Gu., Apame'a, name of the town in Asia Minor where Theodoret, one of the ancient Fathers of the Church, lived. BASILINEA, W.V., Basill'nea; basis, the base, linea, a line ; on account of the black line at the base of the fore- wings. CONNEXA, Bork., Connex'a, connexus, connected. GEM IN A, Och., Qem'ina, geminus, twin. UN AN i MIS, Hub., Unanimis, unanimis, of one mind, unchangeable. OPHIOGRAMMA, Esp., Ophiogram'ma ; 6'0t9, a snake, ypa/jifjuj, a line. FIBROSA, Hub., Fibrosa,fibrosus, fibrous. OCULEA, F., Ocul'ea, oculus, an eye; on account of the conspicuous stigma. MI AN A, Ste., Mid'na, ^laiveiv, to stain, to dye of a dark colour on account of the dark colour of several of the species. STRIGILIS, L., Strig'ilis, strigilis, a scraper used by bathers ; on account of the mark resembling a strigil on the fore-wings. FASCIUNCULA, Ha., Fasqiuri 'cula ; fascia, a band, uncus, a hook. LITEROSA, Ha., Liter osa, liter a, a letter. FURUNCULA, W. V., Fur un cula, furunculus, a petty thief. EXPOLITA, DbL, Expoll'ta, expolitus, polished. ARCUOSA, Ha., Arcuosa, arcuatus, jaundiced. CEL^ENA, Ste., fela'na, /ceXatvo?, black-, from the colour of the species. HAWORTHII, Cur., Haworth'il, in honour of A. H. Haworth, the author of "Lepidoptera Bri- tannica," commenced in 1803. CARADRINID^l, Gu. 5 Caradri'nidce, the family of which the genus Caradrina is the type. GRAMMESIA, Ste., Gramme 'sia, ypawtf, a line. TRILINEA, W. V., Trili'nea ; ter, thrice, linea, a line. HYDRILLA, Bdv., Hydril'la, v$a>p, water; the only specimen taken in England was flying over a damp place. PALUSTRIS, Hub., Pains' iris, palus, a marsh. ACOSMETIA, Ste., Acosme'tia, a/coo-^To^, unadorned. CALIGINOSA, Hub., Caliginosa, caligo, darkness. THE BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 39 CARADRINA, Och., Caradri'na, " a river in Albania" (Och.). MORPHEUS, Huf., Morpheus, the god of sleep. ALSINES, Ste., Alsl'nes, feeds on Common Chickweed (Alsine media). BLAND A, W. V., Blarida, blandus, pleasing, agree- able. CUBICULARIS, W. V., Cubicularis, belonging to a bedchamber : occurring in outhouses. NOCTUIDJE, Gu., Noctuidte, the family of which the genus Noctua is the type. RUSINA, Ste., Rusl'na-, the same as Rurina, the god- dess of the country (rus) . TENEBROSA, Hub., Tenebrosa, tenebrosus, dusky. AGROTTS, Och., Ag'rotis, ayporw, dwelling in the country. VALLIGERA, W. V., Valligera ; vallum, a palisade, gerere, to carry ; from the form of the markings. PUTA, Hub., Pu'ta, a goddess who presided over the pruning of trees. SUFFUSA, W. V._, Suffusa, suffusus, tinged. FENNICA, Ev._, Ferinica, Fennicus, a native of Fin- land. SAUCIA, Hub., Saucia, saucius, wounded, hurt. SEGETUM, W. V., Seg'etum, seges, corn-land; the larva feeding on the roots of various grasses. LUNIGERA, Ste., Luni'gera; luna, a moon, gerere, to carry ; from the lunule on the fore- wings. EXCLAMATIONIS, L., Excldmdtio'nis ; from the sign of exclamation (!) on the fore- wings. CORTICEA, Hub., Cortiqea, cortex, bark. CINEREA, Bork., finer'ea, cinereus, ashy. RIP^:, Hub., Rl'pce, ripa, a bank. CURSORIA, Bork., Cursoria, cursor, a runner. NIGRICANS, L., Ni'gricans, nigricans, blackish. TRITICI, L., Trit'iql, feeds on grasses (Triticum) and other low plants. AQUILINA, W. V., Aquili'na, aquilus, dark- coloured. OBELISCA, W. V., Obelis'ca, obeliscus, a small spit ; from the mark (f) on the fore-wings. AGATHINA, Bdv., Agath'ina, ayaOos, good. PORPHYREA, W. V., Porphyr'ea, Tropfyvpeos, purple. PR^ECOX, L., Free 'cox, praecox, precocious. RAVIDA, W. V., Rdv'ida, ravidus, grey or dark- coloured. 40 AN ACCENTUATED LIST OF PYROPHILA, W. V., Pyroptitta, 73-14069, wheat, to love ', the larva being found on Grasses. LUCERNEA, L., Luqer'nea, luqerna, a lamp ; " fre- quenter candelis in volans " (L.). ASHWORTHII, Dbl., Ashworth'il, in honour of the late J. H. Ashworth of Manchester, who first discovered the species. TRYPH^NA, Och., Tmjpha'na, the name of a lady mentioned in the New Testament (Rom.xvi.12). IANTHINA, W. V., larithina, IdvOwos, violet-co- loured. FIMBRIA, L., Fim'bria, fimbria, a fringe or border. INTERJECTA, Hub., Interjec'ta, interjectus, cast be- tween. SUBSEQUA, W. V., Sub'sequa, subsequi, to follow close upon : closely resembling Orbona. ORBONA, F., Orbona, Orbona, the goddess of parents who had lost their children. PRONUBA, L., Pro'nuba, pronuba, a bridemaid. NOCTUA, Tr., Noc'tua, Noctua, an owl ; from the noc- turnal habits of the species. GLAREOSA, Esp., Glared' 'sa, glared, gravel. DEPUNCTA, L., Depunc'ta, depunctus, dotted. AUGUR, F., Augur, augur, a soothsayer. PLECTA, L., Plec'ta, TrXe/ero?, plaited, twisted. C-NIGRUM, L., C-ni'grum, the black C. DITRAPEZIUM, Bork., Ditrapez'ium ; 8/9, twice, rpa- irk^iov, an irregular figure having four sides ; referring to the blackish spots. TRIANGULUM, Huf., Triangulum, a triangle. RHOMBOIDEA, Esp., Rhombol'dea, pojjipoei&rjs, rhom- bus-shaped ; referring to the black spots. BRUNNEA, W. V., Bruririea, brunneus, brown. FESTIVA, W. V., Festl'va, festivus, festive. CONFLUA, Tr., Coriflua, confluere, to flow together ; from the confluent strigae. DAHLII, Hub., Dahl'il, in honour of Georg Dahl, a Viennese naturalist and collector in the early part of the present century : by breeding this insect, he was the first to establish clearly its distinctness as a species. SUBROSEA, Ste., Subro'sea, subroseus, slightly rosy. BELLA, Bork., Bel' la, bellus, pretty. UMBROSA, Hub., Umbro'sa, umbrosus, shady. BAIA, W. V., Bai'a, Baice, a town in Italy. SOBRINA, Bdv., Sobrl'na, sobrinus, a cousin. THE BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 41 NEGLECTA, Hub., Neglec'ta, neglectus, neglected. XANTHOGRAPHA, W. V., Xantho grapha ; %avOb$, yellow, ypa(f)tj, a marking. ORTHOSIIDJE, Orthosiida, the family of which the genus Ortho'sia is the type. TRACHEA, Gu., Trachea, rpa^v^ rough. PINIPERDA, K., Piniper'da, pinus, a pine-tree, per- dere, to destroy. PACHNOBIA, Gu., Pachno'bia ; irdxvrj, frost, /3to9, life. ALPINA, Wwd., Alpl'na, "from its mountainous habitat." T^ENIOCAMPA, Gu., T&niocam'pa; raivia, a little band, fcdfjL7n>i, a caterpillar. " La nettete de leurs lignes c'est ce qui m'a decide a en tirer le nom generique." (Gu.) GOTH ic A, L., Gottiica, gothicus, gothic. LEUCOGRAPHA, Hub., Leuco 'grapha ; Xeu/co?, white, ypa to strangle, Kf]\l^, a spot." (Gu.) RUFINA, L., Rufi'na, rufus, red. PISTACINA, W.V., Pistdcl'na, Pistacia, the Pistachio- tree : from the colour. LUNOSA, Ha., Lunosa, luna, the moon; from the lunule on the underside. LITURA, L., Litura, iitura, an erasure. 42 AN ACCENTUATED LIST OF CERASTIS, Och., gems' tis, /cepdar^, horned : applied to a species of serpent by Pliny : also an epithet of the island of Cyprus. VACCINIA L., Vacql'nil, feeds on the Bilberry (Vaccinium Myrtillus) and other plants. SPADICEA, Hub., Spddiqea, spadioc, a dark reddish- brown colour. ERYTHROCEPHALA, W. V., Erythroqeph' ala, epv6pos, red, Kefyakr], a head. SCOPELOSOMA, Cur., Scopelosoma ; cncoirekos, rock, o-co^a, body. SATELLITIA, L., SateUit'ia, satelles, a satellite; re- ferring to the two small spots attendant upon the reniform stigma. DASYCAMPA, Gu., Dasycam'pa ; Sacru?, hairy, KdfjLTnj, a caterpillar. RUBIGINEA, W. V., Rublgmea, rubigo, rust. OPORINA, Bdv., Oporina [Hoporina], oTrcopos, the autumn ; from the time of its appearance. CROCEAGO, W. V., Croqeago, croceus, saffron-co- loured. XANTHIA, Och., Xarithia, ZavOos, yellow. CITRAGO, L., Qitra'go, citrus, the citron- tree ; re- ferring to the colour of the insect. CERAGO, W. V., Qerago, cera, wax. SILAGO, Hub., Silago, sil, a kind of yellow earth or ochre mentioned by Pliny. AURAGO, W. V., Aura go, aurum, gold. GILVAGO, W. V., Gilvd'go, gilvus, dun-coloured. FERRUGINEA, W. V., Ferrugin'ea, ferrugineus, rust- coloured. CIRRHCEDIA, Gu., firrhce'dia, Kippoe&rjs, tawny. XERAMPELINA, Hub., Xerampel'ina ; f^/oo?, dry, a/^TreXo?, vine-, the colour of dry vine-leaves. Juv. Sat. vi. 519, xerampelinas (sc. vestes). COSMIIDJE, Gu., Cosmiidce, the family of which the genus Cosmia is the type. TETHEA, Ste., Tethea, a kind of fungus mentioned by Pliny. SUBTUSA, W. V., Subtusa, subtusus, somewhat blunted. RETUSA, L., Retu'sa, retusus, blunted. EUPERIA, Gu., Euperia, ev, much, Tripos, maimed. FULVAGO, W. V., Fulvago, fulvus, tawny. THE BRITISH LEPIDOPT ERA. 43 DICYCLA, Gu., Diqyc'la \ S/xp6\VKo<;, yellowish white. D1ANTHCECIA, Bdv., Dianthce' qia, kiavOos, olKos; the larvae dwelling in the seed-pods of Dianthus and other allied plants. CARPOPHAGA, Bork., Carpo'phaga, tcapTros, a seed, (f>aj6iv, to eat ; the larva feeding on the seeds of Lychnis and Silene. CAPSINCOLA, W. V., Capsiricola, capsa, a capsule or seed-pod, incola, an inhabitant. CUCUBALI, W. V., Cucubali, feeds on Cucubalm baccifer and on Silene inflata. ALBIMACULA, Bork., Albimac'ula, albus, white, ma- cula, a spot. CONSPERSA, W. V., Consper'sa, conspersus, sprinkled. HECATERA. Gu., Hecate r a, 'Etcdrr), goddess of the nether-world. DYSODEA, W. V., Dysodea, Svo-coS^, ill-smelling. SERENA, W. V., Sere'na, serenus, calm, tranquil. POLIA, Och., Pol'ia, iroKibs, grey. CHI, L., Chi, from the Greek letter %. FLAVICINCTA, W. V.,Fldvicinc'ta; flavus, pale orange, cinctus, girt. DASYPOLIA, Dup., Dasypol'ia ; a, feeds on Whitethorn (Cratsegus oxyacanthd). BIMACULOSA, L v Bimaculosa ; bis, twice, maculosus, spotted. AGRIOPIS, Bdv., Agriopis, dypicoTros, wild-looking. APRILINA, L., Aprill'na, Aprilis, April, from the time of its appearance. PHLOGOPHORA, Tr., PhlogopKora ; Xof, aflame, opelv, to bear. METICULOSA, L., Meticulosa, meticulosus, timorous ; from its habit of quivering when the light is thrown on it. EMPYREA, Hub., Empyrea, e/j,7rvpo<;, scorched. EUPLEXIA, Ste., Euplexia ev, prettily, TrXe/cew, to fold -, the anterior wings during repose being longitudinally wrinkled. LUCIPARA, L., Luqip'ara, luciparens, light-bearing. APLECTA, Gu., Aplec'ta, a priv., vrXe/cro?, folded be- cause the wings are not wrinkled. HERBIDA, W. V., Her'bida, herbidus, grassy. OCCULTA, L., Occul'ta, occultus, concealed. NEBULOSA, Huf., Nebulosa, nebulosus, clouded. TINCTA, Bra., Tinc'ta, tinctus, tinged. ADVENA, W. V., Ad' vena, advena, a stranger. HADENA, Sch., Hadena/'AiS^, the nether-world, the shades below ; on account of the dark colour of the species in this genus. SATURA, W.V., Sat'ura, satur, of a deep, rich colour. ASSIMILIS, Dbl., Assim'ilis, assimilis, resembling the neighbouring species. ADUSTA, Esp., Adus'ta, adustus, scorched. PROTEA, W. V., Pro tea, Proteus, a sea-god who constantly changed his form : on account of the variation of this species. THE BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 45 GLAUCA, Hub., Glau'ca, glaucus, bluish grey. DENTINA, W. V., Denti'na, dens, a tooth. CHENOPODII, W. V., Chenopod'ii, feeds on Goose- foot (Chenopodium) . ATRIPLICIS, L., Atrip'licis, named from the Orach (Atriplex] : the larva feeds on Dock, Goosefoot, Persicaria, &c. SUASA, W. V., Sud'sa, suasus, persuaded. PEREGRINA, Tr., Peregri'na, peregrinus, a stranger. OLERACEA, L., Olerd'qea, feeds on Cabbage (Bras- sica oleracea) and many other plants. PISI, L., Pl'si, named from the Pea (Piswri) : the larva feeds on various plants. THALASSINA, Huf., Thalas'sina, Oa\da-awo$, sea-co- loured. CONTIGUA, W. V., Contig'ua, contiguus, allied to the succeeding species. GENISTA, Bork., Genis'ta, feeds on several species of Broom (Genista). HYPPA, Dup., Hyp' pa. RECTILINEA, Esp., Rectili'nea, rectus, straight, linea, a line. XYLINIDJE, Gu., Xylinidae, the family of which the genus Xyl'ina is the type. XYLOCAMPA, Gu., Xylocam'pa; gv\ov, wood, Kafjuirrj, a caterpillar. LITHORIZA, Bork., Lithorl'za, \L0os, a stone, pi^a, a root. CLOANTHA, Bdv., Cloantha, Cloanthus, one of the companions of ^Eneas. Virg. ^En. v. 124. PERSPICILLARIS, L., Perspicillaris, perspicuus, plainly seen. SOLIDAGINIS, Hub., Solidagims, named from Golden Rod (Solidago virgaurea) : feeds on Bilberry. CALOCAMPA, Ste., Calocam'pa ; /caXo?, beautiful, fcdfjiTrrj, a caterpillar. VETUSTA, Hub., Vetus'ta, vetustus, old. EXOLETA, L., Exoleta, exoletus, grown up, mature. XYLINA, Ste., Xyl'ina, fuX^vo?, wooden. RHIZOLITHA, W. V., Rhizo'litha, pl^a, a root, \lQos, a stone. SEMIBRUNNEA, Ha., Semibruri nea, semibrunneus, half-brown. PETRIFICATA, W. V., Petrified 'ta, petrificatus, petri- fied ; from its stony appearance. 46 AN ACCENTUATED LIST OF CUCULLIA, Sch., Cucul'lia, cucullus, a hood. " The collar well developed, and raised in the form of a hood." (Sta.) VERBASCI, L., Verbas'qi, feeds on Mullein (Verbas- cum Thapsus). SCROPHULARI.E, W. V., Scrophularice, feeds on Fig- wort and Betdny (Scrophularia nodosa and aquatica) . LYCHNITIS, Ram., Lychnl'tis, found on the flowers of White Mullein (Verbascum Lychnitis) . ASTERIS, W. V., As'teris, feeds on China Aster (Aster Chinensis) and on Golden Rod. GNAPHALII, Hub., Gnapha'lil, named from Cudweed (Gnaphalium), but feeds on Golden Rod. ABSINTHII, L., Absinthil, feeds on Wormwood (Artemisia Absinthium) . CHAMOMILUE, W. V., Chamomil'la, feeds on Cha- momile (Matricaria Chamomilld) and on Artemis. UMBRATICA, L., Umbra tica, umbraticus, belonging to the shade : " the larva hides by day under the lower leaves of Sow-thistles." (Sta.) CALOPHASIA, Ste v Calophas'ia ; icakos, beautiful, (f>do<;, a child: 3 (Tr.) PARTHENIAS, L., Partheriias, TrapOevos, a maid. NOTHA, Hub., Noth'a, v66o5, ap- pearance. LUNARIS, W. V., Lunaris, luna, the moon. EUCLIDIIDJE, Gu., Euclidiida, the family of which the genus Euclidia is the type. EUCLIDIA, Och., Euclidia, Euclides, the celebrated geometrician; referring to the geometrical markings. Mi, L., Ml, from the M-like character on the wings. GLYPHICA, L., Glyph 'ica, y\vcj)tj, carved work; re- ferring to the markings on the wings. 50 AN ACCENTUATED LIST OF POAPHILIDJE, Gu., Poaphilida, the family of which the genus Poaph'ila (iroa, grass, vr6v, a plant, fie- rpeiv, to measure : the larvae in this family being half-loopers. - , W. V., ^E'nea, teneus, bronzed. DELTOIDS, Lat., DELTOI'D^E. , delta-shaped (A), triangular; from the form in which these insects arrange their wings when in repose. HYPENIDJE, Gu., Hypenid, the family of which the genus Hypena is the type. MADOPA, Ste., Mado'pa; paSo?, moist, tity, the face. SALICALIS, W. V., Salicalis, feeds on Willow (Salix). HYPENA, Sch v Hypena, vir^vrj, the chin, the beard-, referring to the projecting, squamose palpi. PROBOSCIDALIS, L., Probosqida Us, proboscis, a trunk or snout ; referring to the elongated palpi. ROSTRALIS, L., Rostra Us, rostrum, a beak or snout. CRASSALIS, F._, Crassalis, crassus, thick, dense ; re- ferring to the palpi. HYPENODES, Gu., Hypenodes, vTnjvr), etSo?, resembling Hypena. ALBISTRIGALIS, Ha., Albistriga'lis, albus, white, striga, a streak. COST^ESTRIGALIS, Ste., Cost&striga 'Us, costa, the an- terior margin of the wing, striga, a streak. SCHRANKIA, Woe., Schrank'ia, in honour of Fran- ciscus von Paul Schrank, the author of " Fauna Boica/' published in 1801, &c. TURFOSALIS, Woe., Turfosalis. HERMINIIDJE, Gu., Herminiidce, the family of which the genus Herminia is the type. RIVULA, Gu., Rl'vula, rivulus, a rivulet. SERICEALTS, W. V., Seriqea'lis, sericeus, silky. HERMINIA, Lat., Herminia ; the Herminia gens was one of the ancient patrician houses at Rome. (SeeMacaulay's Lays, Horatius, xxx., and Battle of Regillus, xxx.) DERIVALIS, Hub., Derlvalis, de, rivus, a stream ; THE BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 51 from the wavy rill-like fasciae which run across the wings. BARBALTS, L., Barbalis, barba, a beard ; the fore- feet of the male being supplied with brushes of hair, which are capable of being expanded. TARSIPENNALIS, Tr., Tarsipennalis, tarsus, the tar- sus, the extremity of the leg, penna, a feather ; also referring to the brush or fan upon the fore- foot of the male. GRISEALIS, W. V., Grisealis, griseus, grey. CRIBRALIS, Hub., Cribra'lis, cribrum, a sieve. AVENTIID^E, Gu., AVENTIID&. The tribe of insects of which Aventia is the type. AVENTIA, Dup., Aven'tia ; perhaps connected with Mons Aventinus, one of the seven hills of Rome. FLEXULA, P., Flex'ula, flexus, a bend ; referring to the flexuous strigse, or to the curved margin of the wings. PYRALIDES, L., PYRAL'IDES. The tribe of insects of which Pyralis is the type. ODONTIID^J, Gu., Odontiida, the family of which the genus Odon'tia is the type. ODONTIA, Dup., Odon'tia, o&w?, a tooth ; from the toothed streaks and marks upon the wings. DENTALIS, Sch., Denta'lis, dens, a tooth ; again re- ferring to the dentate markings. PYRALIS, L., Pyr' alls, 7rvpa\fc, a winged insect that was supposed to live in the fire (irvp) . FIMBRIALIS, W. V., Fimbrialis, fimbrm, a fringe ; the fringes of the wings being golden-yellow. FARINALIS, L., Farina Us, farina, meal : on which the larva feeds. GLAUCINALIS, L., Glaucpna'lis, glaucus, bluish-grey. AGLOSSA, Lat., Agios' sa, apriv., en&, an angle. CULMELLUS, L., Culmel'lus, culmus, a stalk or stem. CHRYSONYCHELLUS, Sco., Chrysonychel'lus, ^/ai/cro?, gold, ovv%, a claw. RORELLUS, L., Rorel'lus, ros, dew. CASSENTINIELLUS, Mann, Cassentiniel'lus, first taken in the valley of Cassentino, near Pratovecchio, in Tuscany. HORTUELLUS, Hub., Hortuel'lus, hortus, a garden. PALUDELLUS, Hub., Paludel'lus, palus, a marsh. CHILIDJE, Gu., Chi'lido9, cloud, Trrepv!;, a wing ANGUSTELLA, Hub., Angustel'la, angustus, narrow. GYMNANCYLA, Zel., Gymnan'g/la; yvpvos, bare, ay/cvXij, an arm, fore-leg. CANELLA, W. V., Cdnel'la, canus, grey, ashy. PHYCIS, F., Phy'cis -, tfrv/ck, a fish living in sea-weed : referring probably to the colour of some of the species, a red or purple dye having been ob- tained by the ancients from sea- weed. BETULELLA, Goe., Betulel'la, betula, a birch-tree. CARBONARIELLA, F.v.R., Carbondriel'la, carbonarius, a collier : black as coal. DILUTELLA, Hub., Dllutel'la, dilutus, dilute, pale. ORNATELLA, W. V., Orndtel'la, ornatus, adorned. ABIETELLA, W. V., Abietel'la, abies, the pine, fir. ROBORELLA, W. V., Roborel'la, robur, the oak. PEMPELIA, Hub., Pempel'ia; the word Tre/^TreXo? occurs in Lye., but its meaning is doubtful. PALUMBELLA, W. V., Palumbel'la, palumba, a dove : dove-coloured. RHODOPH^IA, Gu., Rhodopha'a ; poSov, the rose, 0ato9, dull, dusky : rosy-grey. FORMOSELLA, Ha., Formosel' la, formosus, beautiful. CONSOCIELLA, Hub., Consoqiel'la, consocius, united, connected. ADVENELLA, Zin., Advenel'la, advena, a stranger. MARMORELLA, Ha., Marmorel'la, marmoreus, marble- like. SUAVELLA, Zin., Sudvel'la, suavis, pleasing, agreeable. TUMIDELLA, Zin., Tumidel'la, tumidus, swelling, pro- tuberant. RWBROTIBIELLA, Mann, Rubrotibiel' la, ruber, red, tibia, the shank. THE BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 59 ONCOCERA, Ste., Oncoq'era ; 07*09, a mass , a swelling, icepas, horn ; the males having a mass of scales at the base of the antennae. AHENELLA, W. V., Ahenel'la, aheneus, brassy. MELIA, Cur., Mel'ia, /jue\^ honey ; the larva feeding in the nests of bees. SOCIELLA, L., Sociel'la, socius, a companion; the larvae feeding in societies. ANELLA, W. V., Anel'la, anus, an old woman ; from its grey appearance. GALLERIA, F., Galler'ia, from the habit of the larva, of forming galleries in honeycomb. CERELLA, L., Qerel'la, cera, wax ; from the larva being found in bees' -nests. MELIPHORA, Gu., Meliphora; //,e\i, honey, p, a thief: the larva feeding on the honey in bee- hives. ALVEARIELLA, F., Alveariel'la, alvearium, a bee-hive. TORTKICES, TORTRI'QES. The tribe of insects of which Tortrix is the type. CYMBIDJE, Gu., Qym'bidce, cymba, a boat ; the family with boat-shaped larvae. H ALIAS, Tr., Hal'ias, aXm) Stockholm. BERGMANNIANA, L., Bergmannia'na, in honour of Tobern Orlof Bergmann, a Swedish entomolo- gist, botanist, chemist, and mathematician ; author of many papers in the Memoirs of the Soc. of Nat. Science of Upsala. He died 1784. FORSKALEANA, L., Forskaled'na, in honour of Peter Forskal, a Swedish botanist, born 1736, tra- velled for scientific purposes in Arabia, and died at Jerim, in 1763. ARGYROTOXA, Ste., Argyrotox'a [Argyrotoza] , ap- ryvporogos, bearer of the silver bow, epithet of Apollo. CONWAYANA, F., Conwayd'na, in honour of Conway, an English entomologist of the last century, the companion of Fabricius in many of his ex- cursions in this country. THE BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 63 PTYCHOLOMA, Ste., Ptycholoma ; irrvg, a fold, \aofo9, pointed, Trrepvj;, a wing. SICULANA, Hub., Siculd'na, sicula, dimin. of sica, a dagger. UNGUICANA, L., Unguicd'na, unguis, a claw. UNCANA, Hub., Uncana, uncus, a hook, a barb. BIARCUANA, Ste., Biarcud'na, bis, arcuatus, twice- arched. SUBARCUANA, Dgl., Subarcuana, sub, arcuatus, slightly arched. COMPTANA, Fro., Comptd'na, comptus, adorned, decked. MYRTILLANA, Tr., Myrtillana, occurs in places where the Bilberry (Vaccinium Myrtillus) abounds. LUNDANA, F., Lundana, in honour of Lund, an entomologist of the last century : by birth a Norwegian, the companion of Fabricius at Kiel, and afterwards an ardent cultivator of Natural History at Copenhagen. DERASANA, Hub., Derdsd'na, derasus, smooth. DIMINUTANA, Ha., Dlminutana, diminutus, small, puny. MITTERPACHERIANA, W. V., Mitterpacherid'na, in honour of L. Mitterpacher, author of " Primse Linese Historiae Naturalis," published in 1795, for the use of schools in Hungary. He was Professor of Natural History at Pesth, where he died in 1814. UPUPANA, Tr., Upupana, upupa, the hoopoe. RAMANA, L., Rdmana, ramus, a branch. GRAPHOLITHA, Tr., Graphol'itha, ypaQij, a marking, \L0o<$, stone : marbled. PAYKULLIANA, F., Paykullia'na, in honour of G. de Paykull, a Swede, who investigated the insects of Lapland, and published a " Monographia Caraborum Sueciae" (in 1790) and "Fauna Suecica" (in 1798). NISANA, L., Nlsa'na, nisus, a sparrow-hawk : Virg. Geor. i. 405. NIGROMACULANA, Ha., Nigromaculd'na, niger, black, macula, a spot. CAMPOLILIANA, W. V., Campolilid'na, campus, a field, lilium, a lily. MINUTANA, Hub., Minutd'na, minutus, small. TRIMACULANA, Don., Trimaculd'na, ter, macula, thrice-spotted. F2 68 AN ACCENTUATED LIST OF PENKLERIANA, W. V., Penkleriana, in honour of Baron Penkler, a Viennese entomologist who lived in the last century. OBTUSANA, Ha., Obtusana, obtusns, blunted. NJEVANA, Hub., Ntevana, navus, a mole or spot. GEMINANA, Ste., Gremind'na, geminus, twin. PHLCEODES, Gu., Phlceodes, Xo*&79, resembling the bark of trees. TETRAQUETRANA, Ha., Tetraquetra 'na, tetraquetrus = T6Tpd0a\/j,i- /co9, belonging to the eyes : eyed. OCCULTANA, DgL, Occultana, occultus, concealed. SOLANDRIANA, L., Solandriana, in honour of Daniel Charles Solander, a Swede, born 1736, pupil of Linnseus, who sent him to England, where he was appointed Assistant in the Nat. Hist. De- partment of the British Museum. He and Banks accompanied Captain Cook in his first voyage. Solander died in 1782. SEMIFUSCANA, Dbl., Semifuscana, semi-fuscus, half- dusky. SORDIDANA, Hub., Sordidd 'na, sordidus, dirty, squalid. THE BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 69 EPHIPPIPHORA, Dup., Ephippipti 'ora, tyvmria, horse- trappings, (fropew, to wear : in allusion to the form of the markings of the anterior wings. BIMACULANA, Don., Bimaculd'na, bis, macula, twice- spotted. CIRSIANA, Zel., girsid'na, cirsium, a thistle : feeds on Cirsium palustre. SCUTULANA, W. V., Scutuld'na, scutula, a lozenge- shaped figure. BRUNNICHIANA, W. V., Brunnichid'na, in honour of M. T. Briinnich, author of " Zoologise Funda- menta," published at Copenhagen, 1772; "En- tomologia," 1774; "Progres de PHistoire Na- turelle enDanemarck et enNorvege," 1789,&c. TURBIDANA, Tr., Turbidana, turbidus, muddy. FCENEANA, L., Fceriea'na, foenum, hay. NIGRICOSTANA, Ha., Nigricosta'na, niger, costa, the anterior margin being black. SIGNATANA, DgL, Signdtd'na, signatus, stamped, marked. TRIGEMINANA, Ste., Trigemind'na, trigeminus, triple, threefold. TETRAGONANA, Ste., Tetragond'na, reTpcvycovos, four- angled, square. COSTIPUNCTANA, Ha., Costipunctd'na, costa, the an- terior margin, punctatus, spotted. EPHIPPANA, Hub., Ephippd'na, efyiTrKia, horse-trap- pings. OBSCURANA, Ste., Obscurd'na, obscurus, dark, dingy. OLINDIA, Gu., Olindia, Olinda, a town of S. America, near Pernambuco. " Sans etymologic" (Gu.). ULMANA, Hub., Ulmd'na, ulmus, an elm-tree. SEMASIA, Gu., Semas'ia, crrjpao-la, a sign. SPINIANA, F. v. R., Spmiana, spina, a thorn. IANTHINANA, Dup., lanthind'na, IdvOwos, violet-co- loured. RUFILLANA, Zel., Rufilld'na, rufillus=rufulus, red- dish. WOEBERIANA, W. V., Wwberia'na, in honour of Baron de Woeber, formerly one of the Theresian Pro- fessors at Vienna. COCCYX, Tr., Cocqyx, KOKKV^ the cuckoo. COSMOPHORANA, Tr., Cosmophord'na, icoo-pos, an or- nament, (fropetv, to wear. STROBILANA, L., Stroblla'na, crrpo/StXo?, a pine-cone , fir-apple. 70 AN ACCENTUATED LIST OF SPLENDIDULANA, Gu., Splendidula'na, dimin. from splendidus, shining. ARGYRANA, Hub., Argyra'na, apyvpos, silver. T.EDANA, L., Tada'na, tceda, a pine, fir-tree. PYGM./EANA, Hub., Pygmceana, pygm&us, pygmy, dwarfish. HERCYNIANA, Bech., Hercynid'na, from the Hercy- nian forest of ancient Germany, situated in the modern Bohemia. USTOMACULANA, Cur., Ustomaculd 'na, ustus, burnt, macula, a spot. NANANA, Tr., Ndnd'na, nanus, a dwarf. VACCINIANA, Tis., Vaccinia na, named from the Bil- berry (Vaccinium Myrtillus). HEUSIMENE, Ste., Heusime'ne, eveiv, to burn, ^VY], the moon : the fore-wings having an ashy lunule on the inner margin. FIMBRIANA, Ha., Fimbriana, fimbria, a fringe. PAMPLUSIA, Gu., Pamplusia, 7ra/ji7r\ovcno<;, very rich; from its metallic markings. MONTICOLANA, Mann, Monticolana, monies, moun- tains, colere, to frequent. RETINIA, Gu., Retin'ia, rete, a net ; from the net-like markings of the wings. BUOLIANA, W. V., Buolid'na, in honour of Baron Buol, of Vienna. PINICOLANA, DbL, Plnicola'na, pinus, a fir-tree, co- lere, to frequent. TURIONANA, L., Turionana, turio, a shoot, young branch of a tree ; alluding to the habit of the larva, which attacks the shoots of fir-trees. PINIVORANA, Zel., Pmivord'na, pinus, a fir-tree, vo- rare, to devour. RESINANA, L., Resinana, resina, resin, the gum which exudes from fir-trees. DUPLANA, Hub., Dupld'na, duplex, SiTrXovs, double, strong. SYLVESTRANA, Cur., Sylvestrd'na, sylvestris, belong- ing to the forest. CARPOCAPSA, Tr., Carpocap'sa, KapTros, fruit, KWIT- Te.iv, to gulp down. SPLENDIDANA, Hub., Splendidd'na [Splendana], splendidus, shining, brilliant. GROSSANA, Ha., Grossd'na,grossus, thick, broad-built. POMONANA, L., Pomona na, Pomona, the goddess of fruit : the larva feeds in apples. THE BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 71 OPADIA, Gu., Opadia, oTraSo?, an attendant. FUNEBRANA, Tr., Funebrd'na, funebris, funereal. ENDOPISA, Gu., Endop'isa, evbov, within, TTIO-OS, the pea, or other leguminous plant. NEBRiTANA,Tr., Nebrltana, ve/fym?, like a fawn-skin. PISANA, Gu., Plsd'na, pisum, a pea. STIGMONOTA, Gu., Stigmonota, arfyfjia,, a mark, VMTOV, the back : the spotted-back. LUNULANA, W. V., Lunulana, lunula, a crescent. CONIFERANA, Ratz., Conifera na, frequenting the Cone-bearing trees (Conifer a), the Pine family. LEPLASTRIERANA_, Cur v Leplastriera na [Leplastri- ana] , in honour of Leplastrier, formerly an ac- tive collector of insects at Dover and Ramsgate. PERLEPIDANA, Ha., Perlepidana,perlepidus, exceed- ing pretty. INTERNANA, Gu., Internd'na, internus, internal. COMPOSANA, F._, Composana, compositus, well-dis- posed, ornamental. WEIRANA, DgL, Weir ana, in honour of Mr. J. Jen- ner Weir, of Blackheath. REDIMITANA, Gu., Redimltana, redimitus, crowned, wreathed. TRAUNIANA, W. V., Traunia'na, in honour of Field- Marshal Traun, an Austrian, educated at Halle, died in 1748. REGIANA, Zel., Regid'na, regius, regal, magnificent. PUNCTICOSTANA, Ste., Puncticostd'na, punctum, a spot, cost a, the anterior margin of the wings. GERMARANA, Hub., Germarana, in honour of Germar, the author of "Fauna Insectorum Europse" (continuation of Panzer's work), " Magazin fiir Insektenkunde,^ (( Magazin der Entomologie," 1813-1821, and other works. DICRORAMPHA, Gu., Dicroram'pha, St/cpoos, forked, cloven, pafi^, a hooked knife, a bill. POLITANA, W. V., Polltd'na, politus, polished. ALPINANA, Dup., Alplnana, alpinus, dwelling upon mountains. SEQUANA, Hub., Sequana, sequi, to follow. PETIVERANA, L., Petiverafna, in honour of James Petiver, the author of " Gazophylacium Naturae et Artis" (London, 1702), " Musei Petiveriani Centurise X, rarioraNaturse contiuentes" (1693- 1703). His "Opera omnia ad Hist. nat. spec- tantia" were _ published in 1767, 2 vols. folio. ULICANA, Gu., Ulica'na, ulex, furze, whin, gorse. 72 AN ACCENTUATED LIST Ob 1 SATURNANA, Gu., Sdturnd'na, Saturnalis, Saturnian. PLUMBAGANA, Tr., Plumbdg ana, plumbago, lead-ore, black-lead. ACUMINATANA, Zel., Acumindtd'na, acuminare, to make pointed. SENECTANA, Gu., Senectana, senectus, aged, old- looking. SIMPLICIANA, Ha., Simpliqid'na, simplex, simple, plain. TANACETANA, Sta., Tanaqetana, taken among Tansy (Tanacetum vulgare). CONSORTANA, Ste., Consortana, consors, a colleague. PYRODES, Gu., Pyrodes, irvpto^ fiery. RHEEDIANA, L., Rheedid'na, in honour of Rheede, an entomologist and botanist of the last century . CATOPTRIA, Gu., Catop'tria, fcdroTrrpov, a mirror. ALBERSANA, Hub., Albersd'na, in honour of J. A. Albers, author of "Beitrage zur Anatomie der Thiere," .published in 1802, &c. ULICETANA, Ha., Uliqetana, ulicetum, a gorse-cover. JULIANA, Bent., Juliana, Julius, the month of July, in which the insect appears. HYPERICANA, Hub., Hypericana, feeds on St. John's Wort (Hypericum). WIMMERANA, Tr., Wimmerd'na, in honour of the Baron von Wimmer. SCOPOLIANA, Ha., Scopolid'na, in honour of Scopoli, the author of " Entomologia Carniolica/' pub- lished in 1763. HOHENWARTHIANA, W. V., Hohenwarthid'na, in ho- nour of Von Hohenwarth, author (in conjunc- tion with Reiner) of "Botaiiische Reisen u.s.w." (Ulm, 1793). C^ECIMACULANA, Hub., Qcecpmaculd'na, cacus, blind, macula, a spot ; alluding to the pupil- less eye- like spots on the fore- wings. MODESTANA, H. S., Modestd'na, modestus, modest, unassuming. HAWKERANA, Stev., Hawkerd'na, in honour of the Rev. W. H. Hawker, of Horndean, Hants, who first captured the species in 1855. MICROGRAMMANA, Gu., Mlcrogrammd'na, fUKpos, small, ypd^a, a mark, a letter. EXPALLIDANA, Ha., Expallidd 'na, expallidus, ex- ceeding pale. CITRANA, Hub., yitrd'na, citrus, the citron-tree; alluding to the lemon-colour of the fore- wings. THE BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 73 PUPILLANA, L., Pupilld'na, pupilla, the pupil of the eye : alluding to the eye-like spot on the wings. TRYCHERIS, Gu., Trycheris, Tpvxvpos, ragged, tat- tered, worn. MEDIANA, W. V., Media na, medius, in the middle, moderate. PYRALOIDIDJE, Gu., Pyralol'dida, the family of the Pyra- loids, or insects resembling Pyralides. SYM^ETHIS, Lea., Syma'this [Simaethis], the name of a Nymph, mentioned by Ovid, 13 Met. 150. VIBRANA, Hub., Vibrana, vibrare, to move rapidly, to set in tremulous motion. CHOREUTES, Tr., Choreutes, xopevTrjs, a dancer. SCINTILLULANA, Hub., Sqintilluld'na, scintillula, a little spark : covered with sparkling spots. XYLOPODA, Lat., Xylop'oda, fuXoTro^?, with wooden feet. FABRICIANA, L., Fabri^id'na, in honour of Johann Christian Fabricius, Professor in the University of Kiel, author of " Entomologia Systematica" (1793) and many other works. PARTANA, L., P arid' na, par, a pair; from the double bar on the wings. CONCHYLIDJE, Gu., Conchylida, the family of which the germs Con'chylis is the type. LOBE SI A, Gu., Lobesia, \ct)/3rjcrt,<;, maltreatment, muti- lation. RELIQUANA, Hub., Reliquana, reliquus, remaining. SERVILLANA, Dup., Servillana, in honour of Audinet- Serville, author of "Insectes Coleopteres" (1831), " Histoire Naturelle des Orthopteres" (1839), &c. EUPCECILIA, Ste., Eupwqilia, eWot/ctXo?, variegated. NANA, Ha., Nana, nanus, a dwarf. DUBITANA, Hub., Dubitd'na, dubius, uncertain. ATRICAPITANA, Ste., Atricapitana, ater, black, caput, the head. MACULOSANA, Ha., Maculosana,maculosus, spotted. SODALIANA, Ha., Soddliana, sodalis, a companion. HYBRIDELLANA, Hub., Hybridelld'na, hybridella, dimhi. of hybrida, a mongrel. AMBIGUANA, Hub., Ambigud'na, ambiguus, doubtful. ANGUSTANA, Hub., Angustana, angustus, narrow. 74 AN ACCENTUATED LIST OF AFFINITANA, J)gl.,Aj/fmitd'na } affinis, neighbouring. UDANA,GU., Udd'na, udus, contracted from uvidus, wet, damp. NOTULANA, Zel., Notuld'na, notula, a little mark. RUPICOLANA, Cur., Rupicold'na, rupes, rocks, colere, to frequent. FLAVICILIANA, Dbl., Fldvicilid'na, flavus, yellow, cilium, a fringe. ROSEANA, Ha., Rosed' na, roseus, rosy. SUBROSEANA, Ha., Subrosed'na, sub, roseus, slightly rosy. RUFICILIANA, Ha., Ruficiliana, rufus, red, cilium, a fringe. ANTHEMIDANA, Cur., Anthemidd'na, feeds on the flower-heads of the Stinking Chamomile (Anthemis Cotula). XANTHOSETIA, Ste., Xanthosetia, ZavOos, yellow, 0-779, a moth. ZOEGANA, L., Zoegana, in honour of J. Zoega, who captured the species at Hammarby, Linnets residence near Upsala. HAMANA, L., Hdmd'na, hamus, a hook. CHROSIS, Gu., Chrosis, ^owcrt?, a colouring, tinting. TESSERANA, W. V., Tessera 'na, tessera, a square : marked in squares. EUTILANA, Hub., Rutila'na, rutilus, shining. AUDOUINANA, Dup., Audouind'na, in honour of J. V. Audouin, a French naturalist, author of nume- rous works on Natural History in conjunction with Brulle, Brongniart, Milne-Edwards, &c. ; and of many papers in the Annals of various Societies, published since 1820. ARGYROLEPIA, Ste., Argyrolep'ia, apyvpos, silver, XeTTt?, a scale. BAUMANNIANA, W. V., Baumannid'na, in honour of Senator Baumaun, of Leipsic. DUBRISANA, Cur., Dubrisd'na, Dubris, Dover, where the species was taken by Curtis. SCHREBERIANA, Fro., Schreberid 'na, in honour of Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber, Professor at Leipsic, and afterwards at Erlangen, author of "Novae Insectorum Species" (Halle, 1759), "Die Saiigthiere" (Erlangen, 1775-92), and other works. Died in 1810. BADIANA, Hub., Badid'na, badius, brown, chestnut- coloured. THE BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 75 CNICANA, Dbl., Cnlcd'na, cnicus, a thistle. ^ENEANA, Hub.,, Mrieana, teneus, brassy. MUSSEHLIANA, Tr., Mussehlid'na, in honour of Herr Pastor Mussehl, of Kotelow, in Mecklenburg- Strelitz. MARITIMANA, Gu., Maritimana, maritimus, found on the coast, and feeds on Eryngium mari- timum. CONCHYLIS, Tr., Con'chylis [Cochylis], tcayxfaq, a cockle-shell. DIPOLTANA, Hub., Dipoltana, probably in honour of some naturalist. FRANCILLONANA, F._, Francpllond'na [Francillana] , in honour of Francillon, an English entomo- logist of the last century. DILUCIDANA, Ste., Dlluqidd'na, dilucidus, clear^ bright. SMEATHMANIANA, F v Smeathmanid'na, in honour of H. Smeathman, an Englishman who investi- gated the insects of Sierra Leone, and was the first to determine the economy of the Termites. STRAMINEANA, Ha., Strdmined'na, stramineus, of straw : straw-coloured. GIGANTANA, Gu., (jigantana, giganteus, gigantic. INOPIANA, Ha., Inopiana, inops, helpless, destitute. APHELIA, Cur., Aphel'ia, a^eX^?, plain; from the plainness of the markings of the wings. PRATANA, Hub., Prdtana, pratum, a meadow. TORTRICODES, Gu., Tortricd'des, Tortrix, e'So?, having the appearance of a Tortrix ; the species having been formerly arranged among the Tineae. HYEMANA, Hub., Hyemana, hyems, winter; the insect appearing in the beginning of the year. TINEAE, TIN'EJE. The tribe of insects of which Tinea is the type. EPIGHRAPHIIDJE, Gu., Epigraphiida, the family of which the genus Epigraph'ia is the type. LEMNATOPIIILA, Tr., Lemnatopti ila, \epva, a water- plant, i\os, fond of. PHRYGANELLA, Hub., Phrygand' la, resembling a Phryganea. 76 AN ACCENTUATED LIST OF EXAPATE, Hub., Exap'ate, efamm/, deceit, stratagem. GELATELLA, L., Qelatel'la, gelatus, frozen : the moth appears in November and December. DASYSTOMA, Cur., Dasys'toma, Saavs, thick, hairy, o-TOjj,a, the mouth. SALICELLA, Hub., r Saliqel'la, feeds on Sallow (Salix). DIURNEA, Ha., Diur'nea, diurnus, of the day, daily. FAGELLA, W. V., Fdgel'la,fagus, beech. EPIGRAPHIA, Ste., Epigraptiia, eTriypdfaw, to write upon : from the letter-like markings on the anterior wings. AVELLANELLA, Hub., Avelldnel 'la, supposed to fre- quent the Hazel (Corylus Avellana). STEINKELLNERIELLA, W. V., Steinkellneriel'la, in honour of Steinkellner, one of the Theresian Professors at Vienna. PSYCHID2E, Bru., Psy' chides, the family of which the genus Psyche is the type. TALuEPORIA, Zel., Talaporia, raXaiTrwpos, wretched. PUBICORNELLA, Ha., Pubicomel'la,pubes, hair, down, cornu, a horn : from its pubescent antennae. PSEUDO-BOMBYCELLA, Hub., Pseudobombpcel 'la, tJreOSo?, false, fio/ji/Svl-: having the appearance of a Bombyx. PSYCHE, Sch., Psyche, tyi>xn> moth : emblematic of the soul (^if)(7]}. VILLOSELLA, Och., Villosel'la, mllosus, hairy. OPACELLA, H.S., Opacpl'la, opacus, dark. CALVELLA, Och., Calvel'la, calvus, bald, without hair. PULLELLA, Esp., Pullel'la, pullus, dark-coloured, blackish-grey. RADIELLA, Cur., Radiel'la, radius, a ray. RETICELLA, New., Reticel'la, rete, a net. ROBORICOLELLA, Bru., Roboricolel' la, robur, the oak, colere, to frequent. SOLENOBIA, Zel., Solenob'ia, crwX^v, a pipe, a groove, /3fcW, life : the case-bearer. TRIQUETRELLA, F. v. R., Triquetrel'la, triquetrus, triangular. INCONSPICUELLA, Sta., Inconspicuel'la, inconspicuus, not conspicuous. PSYCHOIDES, Bru., Psychbl'des, ^rv^n, elSos, resem- bling Psyche. VERHUELLELLA., Hey., Verhuellel'la, in honour of THE BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 77 Verhuell, a Dutch lepidopterist, quoted in Sepp (1762). TINEIDJE, Sta., Tineida, the family of which the genus Tinea is the type. DIPLODOMA, Zel., Diplodoma, StTrXov?, double, S&iia, a house-, the larva being remarkable for its double case. MARGINIPUNCTELLA, Ste., Marginipunctel'la, margo, a margin, border, punctum, a dot. XYSMATODOMA, Zel., Xysmatodoma, voy*a, sera- ping, polishing, Sw/m, a house. MELANELLA, Ha., Melanel'la, //.e'Xas, black. OCHSENHEIMERIA, Hub., Ochsenheimer' ia, in honour of Ferdinand Ochsenheimer, author of the first part of " Die Schmetterlinge von Europa," commenced in 1807, concluded by Treitschke in 1835. Ochsenheimer died in 1822. BIRDELLA, Cur., Birdel'la, in honour of the late C. S. Bird, who captured the species some years ago at Liverpool ; he was author of several papers in the " Entomological Magazine " in 1833-1834. BISONTELLA, Lie., Bisontel'la, Picrav, the bison', in allusion to the thick antennae. VACCULELLA, F. v. R., Vacculel'la, vaccula, a heifer ; also in allusion to the thick antennae. EUPLOCAMUS, Lat., Euploc'amus, evTrKofcapos, with goodly locks, fair-haired. BOLETI, F., Boletl, Boletus, a genus of Fungi, on which the larva feeds. TINEA, L., Tinea, tinea, a moth, or worm, in clothes, books, &c. _ IMELLA, Hub., Imel'la, imus, the last, the lowest. FERRUGINELLA, Hub., Ferruginel 'la, ferrugineus, of the colour of iron- rust. RUSTICELLA, Hub., Rustiqel'la, rusticus, rustic. MONACHELLA, Hub., Monachel' 'la, pova'xps, a monk. FULVIMITRELLA, Sod., Fulvimitrel' la, fulvus, yellow, mitra, a head-band or turban. TAPETIELLA, L., Tapetiel'la [Tapetzella] , tapetia, carpets, tapestry. ARCELLA, F., Arcel'la, area, a small cell. PICARELLA, Clk., Picdrel'la, picaria, a pitch-house. ARCUATELLA, Sta., Arcudtel'la, arcuatus, curved like a bow. 78 AN ACCENTUATED LIST OF CORTICELLA, Cur., Cortiqel' la, cortex, bark. PARASITELLA, Hub., Parasltel'la, parasitus, a para- site. GRANELLA, L., Grdnel'la, granum, corn : the larva feeds on grain. CLOACELLA, Ha., Cloaqel'la, cloaca, a sewer. RURICOLELLA, Sta., Ruricolel 'la, rus, the country, colere, to frequent. CONCHYLIDELLA, Sta., Conchylidel 'la [Cochylidella] , resembling a Conchylis, q. v. ALBIPUNCTELLA, Ha., Albipunctel'la, albus, white, punctum, a dot. CAPRIMULGELLA, Hey., Caprimulgel'la, resembling the feathers of the Goatsucker (Caprimulgus) . MISELLA, Zel., Misel'la, miser, poor, miserable. FUSCIPUNCTELLA, Ha., Fusqipunctel la, fuscus, dusky, punctum, a dot. PELLIONELLA, L., Pellionel'la, pellis, a skin or hide : the larva feeds on feathers. MERDELLA, Zel., Merdel'la, merda, dung. PALLESCENTELLA, Sta., Pallesqentel'la, pallescere, to grow pale. FLAVESCENTELLA, Ha., Fldvesqentel'la, flavescere, to grow yellow. LAPPELLA, Hub., Lappel'la [Lapella], named from the Burdock (Arctium Lappa) . BISELLIELLA, Hum., Biselliel' la, bisellium (bis, selld), a seat of honour. SIMPLICELLA, H. S., Simpliqel'la, simplex, simple, plain. NIGRIPUNCTELLA, Ha., Nigripunctel 'la, niger, black, punctum, a spot. SEMIFULVELLA, Ha., Semifulvel'la, semis, \a\,fulvus, yellow, tawny. BISTRIGELLA, Ha., Bistrigel'la, bis, twice, striga, a streak, a stripe. SUBAMMANELLA, Sta., Subammanel' la, somewhat resembling Micropteryx Ammanetla, Hub., which was named in honour of Ammanus, a botanist and entomologist of the last cen- tury. Ammanella is synonymous with Allio- nella, q. v. ARGENTIMACULELLA, Sta., Argentimaculel'la, ar- gentum, silver, macula, a spot. OCHRACEELLA, Teng., OchrdqeeT la, ochraceus, yel- low-ochre-coloured . THE BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 79 LAMPRONIA, Zel., Lamproriia, \a^Trpo^, bright. QUADRIPUNCTELLA, F., Quadripunctel 'la, quatuor, four, punctum, a spot. LUZELLA, Hub., Luzel'la, in honour of Herr Luz, a friend of Hiibner. PR.ELATELLA, W. V., Pralatel la, prcelatus, chosen, preferred. RUBIELLA, Bj., Rubiel'la, feeds on the Raspberry (Rubus Idaeus). INCURVARIA, Ha., Incurva'ria, incurvatus, curved, bent. MUSCALELLA, F., Muscolel 'la, musca, a fly : probably a misprint for Masculel'la, in which form the name is given in W. V. and by subsequent authors, referring to the pectinated antennae of the males. PECTINEA, Ha., Pectin ea, pecten, a comb : the an- tennae of the male pectinated. TENUICORNIS, Sta., Tenuicor'nis, tennis, slender, cornu, a horn. OEHLMANNIELLA, Hub., Oehlmanniel'la, in honour of Oehlmann, an entomologist of Leipsic, the discoverer of the species ; he died upwards of forty years ago. CAPITELLA, L., Capitel'la, caput, the head. MICROPTERYX, Zel., Mlcrop'teryx, fjuicpos, little, TTTepvg, a wing. CALTHELLA, L., Calthel'la, found on the flowers of the Marsh Marigold (Caltha palustris) and other plants. ARUNCELLA, Sco., Arunqel'la, frequents Spiraea Aruncus (according to Scopoli). SEPPELLA, F., Seppel f la, in honour of Jan Christiaan Sepp, author of ' ' Beschouwing der Wonderen Gods in de minstgeachte Schepselen af Needer- landsche Insekten" (Amsterdam, 1762). MANSUETELLA, Zel., Mansuetel'la, mansuetus, tame. ALLIONELLA, F., Allionel'la, in honour of Carlo Allioni, Professor of Botany at Turin, author of " Flora Pedemontana" and " Manipulus In- sectorum Taurinensium ;" died 1805. THUNBERGELLA, F., Thunbergel 'la, in honour of K. P. Thunberg, who succeeded the younger Linne in the Professorship of Botany at Upsala, author of " Insecta Suecica " and other works ; died 1828. 80 AN ACCENTUATED LIST OF PURPURELLA, Ha., Purpurel 'la, purpureus, purple. SALOPIELLA, Sta., Salopiel'la, was first captured, in the county of Salop. SEMIPURPURELLA, Ste., Semipurpurel'la, semis, half, purpureus, purple. _ UNIMACULELLA, Zet., Unimaculel' la, unus, one, ma- cula, a spot. SPARMANNELLA, Bosc, Sparmannel'la, in honour of Sparmann, the Swedish botanist and traveller, who explored South Africa and China, and ac- companied Captain Cook on one of his voyages ; died 1820. SUBPURPURELLA, Ha., Subpurpurel'la, sub, slightly, purpureus, purple. NEMOPHORA, Hub., Nemoptiora, rf/j,a, a thread, e'xf)s, resting on the ground. CINERELLA, L., yinerel'la, cineres, ashes : ash-co- loured. RUFESCENS, Ha., Rufes qens, rufescens, reddish. INORNATELLA, Dgl., Inorndtel'la, inornatus, un- adorned. GERRONELLA, Zel., Gerronel'la, yeppov, wicker-work. VILELLA, Zel., Vllel'la, vilis, common. BASALIS, Dgl., Basalts, basis, the base of the wing. MALVELLA, Hub., Malvel'la, frequents Hollyhocks (one of the Malvaceae) . POPULELLA, L., Populel'la, populus, a poplar. NIGRA, Ha., Ni'gra, niger, black. TEMERELLA, Lie., Temerel'la, temerarius, occurring by chance. LENTIGINOSELLA, Tis., Lentiginosel' la, lentiginosus, freckled. VELOCELLA, Tis., Veloqel'la, velox, swift. FUMATELLA, Dgl., Fumatel'la, fumatus, smoked, smoky. ERiCETELLA,Hub., Ericetel'la, found among Heather (Erica}. 86 AN ACCENTUATED LIST OF MULINELLA, Tis., Mulluel'la, mulinus, mule- colour. DIVISELLA, Dgl., Dlvlsel'la, divisus, separated. PALUSTRELLA, Dgl., Palustrel' la, paluster, marshy. SORORCULELLA, Hub., SoTorculel'ld, soror, sororcula, a little sister. CUNEATELLA, Zel./Curiedtel'la, cuneus, a wedge: the wings having several wedge-shaped streaks. PELIELLA, Tis., Peliel'la, 7777X09, mud. ALACELLA, Zel., Alaqel'la, alacer, quick. LONGICORNIS, Cur., Longicor 'nis -, longus, long, cornu, horn. DIFFINIS, Ha._, Diffl'nis, diffinis, distinct. TERRELLA, W. V., Terrel'la, terra, the earth. DESERTELLA, Edl., Desertel'la, desertus, frequenting waste places. POLITELLA, Dgl., Polltel'la, politus, polished. ACUMINATELLA, Sir., Acuminatel'la, acuminatus, pointed. ARTEMISIELLA, Tis._, Artemisiel' la, feeds on Worm- wood (Artemisia campestris). SENECTELLA, F. v. E., Senectel'la, senex, old age. MUNDELLA, Dgl., Mundel'la, mundus, clean, pretty. STMILTS, Dgl., Sim'ilis, similis, like, resembling. AFFINIS, Ha., Affl'nis, affinis, neighbouring. BOREELLA, Dgl., Boreel'la, fiopeas, the North : a northern insect. GALBANELLA, F. v. R., Galbanel'la, galbanus, yel- lowish. BASALTINELLA, Zel., Basaltinel'la, basaltes, marble. DOMESTICA, Ha., Domes' tica, domesticus : occurring in houses. RHOMBELLA, Hub., Rhombel'la, rhombus : from the shape of the markings. PROXIMELLA, Hub., Proximel'la, proximus, very similar. NOTATELLA, Hub., Notdtel 'la, notatus, marked. HUMERALIS, Zel., Humerd'lis, humerale, a cape or covering for the shoulders. VULGELLA, Hub., Vulgel' la, vulgus, a crowd. LUCULELLA, Hub., Luculel'la, luculus, a little grove. SCRIPTELLA, Hub., Scriptel'la, scriptus, marked, lettered. FUGITIVELLA, Zel., Fugitlvel la, fugitivus, a fugitive. ^ETHIOPS, Wwd., jE'thiops, AWtoifr, a blackamoor. SOLUTELLA, F. v. R., Solutel'la, solutus, free, unre- strained. THE BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 87 DISTINCTELLA, Zcl., Distinctel' la , distinctus, distinct, separate. CELERELLA, Dgl., Qelerel'la, celer, swift. COSTELLA, Ste., Costel'la, costa, the anterior margin of wing. MACULEA, Ha., Macu'lea, macula, a spot. TRICOLORELLA, Ha., Tricolor el' la, tricolor, of three colours. FRATERNELLA, Dgl.,Frdternel'la,fraternus, fraternal. VISCARIELLA, Lo., Viscdriel' la, feeds on the Rock Lychnis (Lychnis viscaria). MACULIFERELLA, Mann, Maculiferel'la, macula, a spot, ferre, to carry. JUNCTELLA, Dgl., Junctel'la, junctas, joined, united. VICINELLA, Dgl., Viqmel'la, vicinus, neighbouring. HUBNERI, Ha., Hub'neri, in honour of Jakob Hiib- ner, author of "Verzeichniss bekannter Schmet- terlinge" (1817), " Sammlung Europaischer Schmetterlinge" (1801-1822), &c. MARMOREA, Ha., Marmor'ea, marmoreus, marble-like. INSTABILELLA, Dgl., Instabilel' la, instabilis, variable. ATRIPLICELLA, F.v.R., Atripliqel'la, common among Orach (Atripleoc). OBSOLETELLA, F. v. R., Obsoletel 'la, obsoletus, com- mon-looking, ordinary. LITTORELLA, Dgl., Littorel 'la, littus, the coast. SEQUAX, Ha., _Se'quax, sequax, following. ALEELLA, F., Aleel'la, ales, winged. LEUCATELLA, L., Leucatel'la, \evic6s, white. ALBICEPS, Zel., Al'biqeps, albus, white, caput, head. NANELLA, Hub., Ndnel'la, nanus, dwarf. MOUFFETELLA, W. V., Mouffetel'la, in honour of Thomas Mouffet, a physician and naturalist, author of " Insectorum sive minimorum Anima- lium Theatrum " (London, 1634). DODECELLA, L., Dodeqel 'la, 8cbSe/ca,, twelve : each an- terior wing having six spots. TRIPARELLA, Zel., Triparel'la, ter, thrice, par, a pair : on the disc of the wing are three pairs of black spots. TENEBRELLA, Hub., Tenebrel'la, tenebra, darkness. TENEBROSELLA, F. v. R., Tenebrosel'la, tenebrosus, dark. LIGULELLA, Zel., Ligulel'la, ligula, a little strap : alluding to the slender white band across the wings. 88 AN ACCENTUATED LIST OF VORTICELLA, Zel., Vorticel'la, vortex or vertex, the head, or, an eddying. T.ENIOLELLA, Tr., Taniolel'la, tcenia, a band : alluding to the straight whitish band across the wings. SIRCOMELLA, Sta., Sircomel'lct, in honour of Mr. Sircom, late 'of Bristol, who first took this species. IMMACULATELLA, Dgl., Immaculatel'la, immaculatus, spotless. NIGRITELLA, Zel., Nigritel'la, niger, black. CORONILLELLA, Tis., Coronillel la, the larva feeds between united leaves of Coronilla varia. ANTHYLLIDELLA, Hub.', Anthyllidel'la, feeds on the Kidney- Vetch (Anthyllis vulneraria). ATRELLA, Ha., Atrel'la, ater, black. ALBIPALPELLA, H. S., Albipalpel'la, albus, white, BIFRACTELLA, Mann, Bifractel' la, bis, twice, fractus, broken. SUFFUSELLA, Dgl., Suffusel 'la, suffusus, sufifused, tinted. LUCIDELLA, Ste., Luqidel'la, lucidus, bright. LUTULENTELLA, Zel., Lutulentel' la,lutulentus,-amd&y. CEREALELLA, Ol., feredlel'la, cereale, corn: the larva feeds in grains of barley and wheat. NIGRICOSTELLA, F. v. R., Nigricostel 'la, niger, black, cost a, the anterior margin. GEMMELLA, L., Gemmel'la, gemma, a gem. N^EVIFERELLA, Zel., Nceviferel'lu, ncevus, a mole, ferre, to bear. HERMANNELLA, F., Hermannel'la, in honour of John Hermann, Professor of Chemistry, Botany, and Natural History, at Strasburg : died 1800. PICTELLA, Zel., Pictel'la, pictus, painted. BRIZELLA, Tis., Brizel'la, named from the Quaking Grass (Brizd) ; but the larva feeds, not on Briza, but on Thrift (Statice Armeria). ERICINELLA, Dup., Erldnel'la, erica, heath. PAUPELLA, Zel., Paupel la, pauper, poor. INOPELLA, Zel., Inopel'la, inops, poor, helpless. SUBOCELLEA, Ste., Suboqel 'lea, sub, slightly, ocella- tus, eyed. PARASIA, Dup., Parasia, "nom mythologique^ (Dup ). Parrhasia, a town of Arcadia. LAPPELLA, L., Lappel'la, the larva feeds in the seeds of Burdock (Aretmm Lappa). THE BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 89 METZNERIELLA, Dgl., Metzneriel'la, in honour of Herr Metzner, of Frankfort-on-the-Oder. CARLINELLA, Dgl., Carllnel'la, feeds on the Carline Thistle (Car Una vulgaris). NEUROPTERELLA, F. v. R., Neuropterel'la, vevpov, a vein, Trrepov, a wing : the wing- veins being di- stinctly cinnamon-brown. CLEODORA, Ste., Cleodora, "nom.prop." (Ste.). CYTISELLA, Cur., Cytiscl'ld, from the plant Cytisus. STRIATELLA, W. V., Stridtel'la, striatus, streaked. CHELARIA, Ha., Chela ria, %^X,T;, a lobster-claw. HUBNERELLA, Don., Hubnerel' la } in honour of Jakob Hiibner, author of " Verzeichniss bekannter Schmetterlinge " (1817), " Sammlung Europa- ischer Schmetterlinge" (1801-1822), &c. ANARSIA, Zel., Anar'sia, avdpo-ws, incongruous. SPARTIELLA, Sch., Spartiel'la, feeds on Broom (Spartium scoparium). GENISTA, Sta., Gents' fa, feeds in the shoots of Woad (Genista tinctoria). HYPSILOPHUS, Ste.,Hupsil'ophus [Ypsolophus] , tyi- \oo<;, with a high crest. FASCIELLUS, Hub., Fasqiel'ku, fascia, a band. MARGINELLUS, F., Marginel'lus, margo, a margin. JUNIPERELLUS, L., Juniper el' lus, the larva forms webs on twigs of Juniper. HAPLOTA, Ste., Hap' lota [Aplota], air\or^, plain- ness. PALPELLA, Ha., Palpel'la, palpus : the palpi have the 3rd joint extremely short, concealed in the hairs of the 2nd joint. NOTHRIS, Sta., Nothris, vcoOpos, sluggish. VERBASCELLA, W. V., Verbasqel' la, feeds on Mul- lein (Verbascum). DURDHAMELLA, Sta., Durdhamel'la, first taken on Durdham Downs, near Bristol. SOPHRONIA, Sta., Sophro'nia, the goddess of sober- mindedness. PARENTHESELLA, L., Parenthesel'la, TrapevOeeis, an insertion. HUMERELLA, Hub., Humerel'la, humerus, the shoulder. PLEUROTA, Sta., Pleu'rota, -jr\evpd, a rib : referring to the rib-like stripes on the wings. BICOSTELLA, L., Bicostel'la, bis, twice, costa, a rib. 90 AN ACCENTUATED LIST OF HARPELLA, Sch., Harpel'la, apirrj, a sickle. GEOFFROYELLA, L., Geoffroyel'la [Geoffrella], in honour of Geoffroy, a French naturalist, author of " Histoire abregee des Insectes," published in 1762. HYPERCALLIA, Ste., Hypercal'lia, vjrep, /cd\\o<;, of exceeding beauty. CHRISTIERNINANA, L., Christiernmdna [Christi- ernana], in honour of Christiernin, a friend of Linne, and the discoverer of the species, which he captured at Upsala only the day before his death. DASYCERA, Sta., Dasy'qera, Sdavs, thick, /cepas, horn. SULPHTJRELLA, F v Sulphurel' la, sulphur : from the colour of the hind- wings. OLIVIERELLA, F., Olivierel'la [Oliviella], in honour of Guillaume Antoine Olivier, author of " Hi- stoire Naturelle des Coleopteres/ ; "Diction- naire de V Histoire Naturelle des Insectes," &c. Died 1814. (ECOPHORA, Sta., (Ecoph'ora, olfcos, a house, opelv, to carry : case-bearer. MINUTELLA, L., Minutel'la, minutus, small. FLAVIMACULELLA, Sta., Fldvimaculel'la, flavus, yel- low, macula, a spot. TRIPUNCTA, Ha., Tripunc'ta, ter, thrice, punctum, a spot. SIMILELLA, Hub., Similel'la, similis, like. AUGUSTELLA, Hub., Augustel'la, augustus, princely. WOODIELLA, Cur., Woodiel'la, in honour of Mr. R. Wood, who first captured the insect on Kersall Moor, near Manchester, in June 1829. GRANDIS, Desv., Graridis, grandis, large. FORMOSELLA,W.V., Formosel'la, formosus, beautiful. LUNARIS, Ha., Lunaris, lunaris, crescent-shaped. LAMBDELLA, Don., Lambdel'la, from the Greek letter X. SUBAQUILEA, Edl., SubaquU'ea, subaquilus, brownish. PANZERELLA, Ste., Panzerel'la, in honour of G. W. F. Panzer, the author of " Fauna Insectorum Ger- manise," "Kritische Revision der Insekten- fauna Deutschlands " (Nuremberg, 1805), and other works. TINCTELLA, Tr., Tinctel'la, tinctus, dyed. UNITELLA, Hub., Unitel'la, unitas, uniformity. THE BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 91 FLAVIFRONTELLA, Hub., Flavifrontel' la, flavus, yel- low, from, forehead, face. FUSCESCENS, Ha., Fusqes'qens, fuscescere, to grow dusky. PSEUDOSPRETELLA, Sta., Pseudospretel' la, spretella : resembling (Tinea) spretella. (ECOGENIA, Gu., (Ecogen'ia [CEgoconia], born in the house, home-bred : the moth occurs in houses. QUADRIPUNCTA, Ha., Quadripunc'td, quatuor, four, punctum, a spot. ENDROSIS, Sta., En'drosis, evSpoaos, bedewed, dewy. FENESTRELLA, Sco., Fenestrel'la,fenestra, a window : from its habit of sitting in the windows of houses. BUTALIS, Tr., Bu'talis, " povraXvs, a night-bird" (Tr.) : from the somewhat sombre colours. GRANDIPENNIS, Ha., Grandipen'nis, grandis, large, penna, a wing. FUSCO-#:NEA, Ha., Fusco-ariea, fuscus, dusky, dull, ceneus, brassy. SENESCENS, Sta., Senes'qens, senescere, to grow old. FUSCOCUPREA, Ha., Fuscocu 'prea, fuscus, dusky, dull, cupreus, coppery. CICADELLA, Zel., ficddel'la, cicada, a grasshopper : its short soaring flight having some resem- blance to that of a grasshopper. VARIELLA, Ste., Variel'la, varius, changeable. CHENOPODIELLA, Hub., Chenopodiel' la, from the plant Goose-foot (Chenopodium). TORQUATELLA, Lie., Torqudtel 'la, torquatus, adorned with a necklace. INCONGRUELLA, Sta., Incongruel'la, incongruus, in- congruous. PANCALIA, Sta., Pancal'ia, ird^Kako^, very beautiful. LATREILLELLA, Cur., Latreillel'la, in honour of P. A. Latreille, Professor of Natural History at Paris, author of " Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum," " Histoire Naturelle des Crus- tayes et des Insectes/' &c. Died 1833. LEWENHOEKELLA, L., Lewenhoekel' la, in honour of Anthony van Lewenhoek, a Dutch naturalist and micrographer, author of "Arcana Naturae :" he died in 1723. 92 AN ACCENTUATED LIST OF GLYPHIPTEKYGIDJE, Sta., Glyphipterygida, the family of which the genus Glyphip'teryx is the type. ACROLEPIA, Cur., Acrolep'ia, axpov, the head, XeTrfc, a scale : the crown and back of the head being rough. PERLEPIDELLA, Sta:, Perlepidel'la, perlepidus, very pretty. GRANITELLA, Tr., Grdnitel'la, granum, a grain or granule : from its granitic appearance. PYGMJEANA, Ha., Pygmaana, pygmceus, a pigmy, dwarf. BETULETELLA, Cur., Betuletel'la, betuletum, a birch- grove. ROSLERSTAMMIA, Sta., Rosier st am' mia, in honour of Fischer von Roslerstamm, the author of " Ab- bildungen zur Berichtigung der Schmetter- lingskunde, besonders der Microlepidoptero- logie," begun in 1834. ERXLEBENELLA, F., Erxlebenel 'la [Erxlebella] , in honour of Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben, Professor in the University of Gottingen, author of a " Systema Regni Animalis,^ the first part of which was published in 1777, but which was left unfinished at his death. PRONUBELLA, W. V., Pronubel'la, pronuba, a bride- maid. GLYPHIPTERYX, Sta., Glyphip'teryx, 7X1/^5, a notch, 7TT6/3vf, a wing. FUSCOVIRIDELLA, Ha., Fuscoviridel' la, fuscus, dull, viridis, green. THRASONELLA, Sco., Thrasonel'la, Thraso, a brag- ging soldier in Terence's " Eunuchus." HAWORTHANA, Ste., Haworthana, in honour of Adrian Hardy Haworth, author of "Lepidoptera Britannica," published in 1803 and following years. EQUITELLA, Sco., Equitel'la, eques, a horseman, knight. OCULATELLA, Zel., Oculdtel'la, oculatus, eyed. FISCHERIELLA, Zel., Fisqheriel' la, in honour of Fischer von Waldheim, author of " Entomo- graphia Imperii Russici," published at Moscow, 1820-1822 ; and of about 150 papers in the Mem. of the Moscow Soc., between 1799 and 1846. THE BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 93 JECHMIA, Sta., ^Ech'mia, al^rf, the point of a spear. DENTELLA, Zel., Dent el' la, dens, a tooth : the inner margin of the anterior wings bearing a pro- jecting tooth of scales. PERITTIA, Sta., Perit'tia, TrepiTros, extraordinary, uncommon. OBSCUREPUNCTELLA, Sta., Obscurepunctel'la, ob- scurus, obscure, punctum, a spot. TINAGMA, Dup., Tinag'ma, Tway/Aa, a shake, a jerk : from the sharp jerking motions of the insects. SERICIELLUM, Ha., Seriqiel' lum, sericeus, silky. STANNEELLUM, F. v. R., Stanneel'lum, stanneus, made of stannum, an alloy of silver and lead : from the colour of the wings, which are " shining pale bronzy-grey." RESPLENDELLUM, Dgl., Resplendel'lum, resplendens, resplendent. DOUGLASIA, Sta., Douglas'ia, in honour of Mr. J. W. Douglas, author of "The World of Insects," and of various papers in the Transactions of the Entomological Society of London. OCNEROSTOMELLA, Sta., Ocnerostomel'la, resembling Ocnerostoma piniariella, q. v. ARGYRESTHIIDJE, Sta., Argyresthiida, the family of which the genus Argyres'thia is the type. ARGYRESTHIA, Sta., Argyres'thia, apyvpos, silver, eaOris, dress. EPHIPPELLA, F., Ephippel'la, ephippia, horse's trappings, a saddle-cloth. NITIDELLA, F., Nitidel'la, nitidus, sleek. PURPURASCENTELLA, Sta., Purpuras^entel' la, pur- purascens, growing purple. SEMITESTACELLA, Cur., Semitestdqel'la, semis, half, testaceus, brick-coloured. SPINIELLA, Zel., Spiniel'la, spinus, a sloe-bush. AiBisTniAjHsi.jAlbis'triayalbus, white, stria, a streak. CONJUGELLA, Zel., Conjugel'la, conjux, a consort. SEMIFUSCA, Ha., Semifus'ca, semis, half, fuscus, dusky. MENDICA, Ha., Mendl'ca, mendicus, poor, paltry. GLAUCiNELLA,Zel., Glaucinel 'la,glaucus, bluish-grey. RETINELLA, Zel., Retinel'la, rete, a net. ABDOMINALIS, Zel., Abdominalis, the abdomen being rufous. DILECTELLA, Zel., Dllectcl ' la, dilectus, dear. 91 AN ACCENTUATED LIST OF ANDEREGGIELLA, Dup., Andereggiel' la, in honour of Herr Anderegg, an entomologist of the Valais. CURVELLA, L., Curvel'la, curva, a curve. SORBIELLA, Tr., Sorbiel'la, feeds on Mountain Ash (Sorbus aucuparia). PYGM.EELLA, Hub., Pygmceel'la, pygmaus, a pigmy, dwarf. G(EDARTELLA, L., Gosdartel 'la, in honour of Jan Go- dart, author of "Metamorphosis et Historia Naturalis Insectorum " (Mediob. 1662-67), an English edition of which, by Lister, appeared at York in 1682, and a French one at Amsterdam in 1700. LITERELLA, Ha., Literel'la, litera, a letter : from the letter-like markings. BROCHELLA, Hub., Brochel'la, in honour of J. K. Broch, author of " Entomologische Briefe " (Franzos. und Deutsch. Miihlhausen, 1823). ARCEUTHINA, Zel., Ar^eu'thina, apicevOivos, belong- ing to the Juniper. PR^COCELLA, Zel., Prcecoqel 'la, praBCOx, early. AURULENTELLA, Zel., Awulentel' la, aurulentus, golden-coloured. DECIMELLA, Sta., Deqimel'la, decimus, the tenth : " the only specimen I have seen has been skewered with a No. 10 solid-headed pin." (Sta. Suppl. Cat. p. 10.) CEDESTIS, Sta., Qedes'tis, Ki$et\o?, loving : found in wine-cellars, the larva feeding on the corks. V-FLAVA, Ha., V-flava, flavus, yellow : the marks taking the form of the letter V. CHAULIODUS, Tr., Chauliodus, ^auXtoSou?, with out- standing teeth : the wings having " tooth-like projections of scales on the inner margin." INSECURELLUS, Sta., Insecurel'lus, insecurus, in- secure. ILLIGERELLUS, Hub., Illigerel'lus, in honour of C. Illiger, author of a second edition of the Vienna Catalogue, published in 1801, and a writer in the " Magazin fur Insectenkunde," 1802-1806, &c. CH^EROPHYLLELLUS, Goe., Cheer ophyllel'lus, frequents Charophyllum and other Umbelliferous plants. H 2 100 AN ACCENTUATED LIST OF LAVERNA, Sta., Laver'na, the patron goddess at Rome of rogues and thieves. CONTURBATELLA, Hub., Conturbatel 'la, conturbatus, confused. PROPINQUELLA, Sta., Propinquefla, propinquus, re- sembling. LACTEELLA, Ste., Lacteel'la, lacteus, milky. MISCELLA, W. V., Misqel'la, miscellus, mixed, blended. STEPHENSI, Sta., Ste'phensl, in honour of James Francis Stephens, author of " Illustrations of British Entomology," &c. : died 1851. EPILOBIELLA, Sch., Epilobiel'la, feeds on Willow- herb (Epilobium)._ OCHRACEELLA, Cur., Ochrdqeel'la, ochraceus, ochre- coloured. PHRAGMITELLA, Bent., Phragmltel'la, phragmites, a reed : feeds on Bullrush (Typha) . DECORELLA, Ste., Decorel'la, decorus, elegant. SUBBISTRIGELLA, Ha., Subbistrigel'lct, sub, bis, striga, indistinctly twice-streaked. ATRA_, Ha., A'tra, ater, black. RHAMNIELLA, Zel., Rhamniel'la, occurs amongst Buckthorn (Rhamnus). RASCHKIELLA, Tis., Rasqhkiel'la, probably in honour of a German entomologist, Raschke. CHRYSOCLYSTA, Sta., Chrysoclys'ta, %/oucro?, gold, Kkvcrros, washed. LINNEELLA, Clk., Linneel'la, in honour of Karl von Linne, Professor of Natural History at Upsala, author of the " Systema Naturae," " Fauna Saecica," &c. &c. : died 1778. BIMACULELLA, Ha., Bimaculel' la, bis, twice, macula, a spot. SCHRANKELLA, Hub., Scfirankel'la, in honour of F. v. P. Schrank, the author of " Fauna Boica," published in 1801. FLAVICAPUT, Ha., Fldvicap'ut, flavus, yellow, caput, head. HELIODINES, Sta., Heliodl'nes, ??7uo9, Siirfem, whirling in the sun. ROESELLA, L., Rcesel'la, in honour of A. J. Rosel, a painter and entomologist, author of " Der mo- natlich herausgegeben Insecten-Belustigung," published at Nuremberg in 1746 and following years : died 1759. THE BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 101 ANYBIA, Sta., Anybia, Any bis or Anubis, an Egyptian divinity : Virg. ^En. viii. 698. LANGIELLA, Hub., Langiel'la, in honour of H. G. Lang, who published, in 1789, a "Verzeichniss seiner Schmetterlinge in den Gegenden um Augsburg sammelt." ASYCHNA, Sta., Asych'na, a priv., cru%vo9, frequent : the Uncommon. MODESTELLA, Dup., Modestel'la, modestus, modest, unassuming. FUSCOCILIELLA, Sta., Fuscoqiliel' la, fuscus, dusky, cilia, fringes. JERATELLA, Zel., jEratel'ld, ceratus, bronzed. TERMINELLA, Da., Terminel'la, terminus : the ter- minal joint of the palpi pale fuscous. PROFUGELLA, Zel., Profugel'la,profugus, a fugitive. CHRYSOCORYS, Cur., Chrysocorys, xp va ^> 9 old > tcopvs, a helmet. FESTALIELLA, Hub., Festaliel'la, festus, festal. ANTISPILA, H. S., Antispi'la, avrl, opposite, o-TrtXo?, a spot. PFEIFFERELLA, Hub., Pfeifferel'la, in honour of Carl Pfeiffer, author of a work on Mollusks published at Weimar in 1821. TREITSCHKIELLA, F. v. R., Treitsqhkiel'la, in honour of Friedrich Treitschke, author of the latter part of "Die Schmetterlinge von Europa/' begun in 1807 by Ochsenheimer, and concluded in 1835. STEPHENSIA, Sta., Stephen'sia, in honour of James Francis Stephens, author of the " Illustrations of British Entomology," &c. : died 1851. BRUNNICHELLA, L., Brunnichel' la, in honour of M. T. Briinnich, author of " Zoologiee Funda- menta/' published in 1772, " Entomologia," 1764, "Le Progres de THistoire Naturelle en Danemarck et en Norvege," 1789, &c. ELACHISTA, Sta., Elachis'ta, eXa^to-ro?, very small, the least. GLEICHENELLA, F., Gleichenel'la, in honour of F. W. von Gleichen, a chemist, botanist, and author of various works on Natural History : died 1783. MAGNIFICELLA, Teng,, Magnifiqel' la, magnificus, magnificent. APICIPUNCTELLA, Sta., Apiejpunctel'la, apex, the apex of wing, punctum, a spot. 102 AN ACCENTUATED LIST OF ALBIFRONTELLA, Hub., Albifrontel'la, albus, white, from, the face. HOLDENELLA, Edl., Holdenel'la, from the ancient family name H olden, of Holden, in Lancashire. ATRICOMELLA, Sta., Atricomel'la, ater, black, coma, hair. FLAVICOMELLA, Sta., Fldvicomel' la, flavus, yellow, coma, hair. LUTICOMELLA, Zel., Luticomel' la, luteus, saffron, coma, hair. PO^E, DgL, Po'ce, the larva feeds in leaves of the Reedy Meadow-grass (Poa aquatica). KILMUNELLA, Sta., KUmunel'la, first taken at Kilmun, N. B. CINEREOPUNCTELLA, Ha._, Qinereopunctel'la, cinereus, ashy, punctum, a spot. TRAPEZIELLA, Sta., Trapeziel'la : the anterior wings have four spots, forming the angular points of a trapezium. NIGRELLA, Hub., Nigrel'la, niger, black. GREGSONI, Sta., Gregsoni, in honour of Mr. C. S. Gregson, of Liverpool, who first bred this species. STABILELLA, Sta., Stabilel'la, stabilis, fixed, stable. SUBNIGRELLA, DgL, Submgrel'la, sub, almost, niger, black. PERPLEXELLA, Sta.,Perplexel'la,perplexus, confused, obscure. HUMILIS, Zel., Hu'milis, humilis, small, insignificant. CONSORTELLA, Lo., Consortel'la, consors, a consort, comrade. BEDELLELLA, Sir., Bedellel'la, in honour of Mr. George Bedell, of London. OBSCURELLA, Sta., Obscurel'la, obscurus, obscure. ZONARIELLA, Teng., Zondriel'la, zonarius, belted. GANGABELLA, F. v. E v Gangabel'la, gangaba, a porter (a Persian word). T^NIATELLA, Sta., Tceniatel'la, Taivia, a band. CINGILLELLA, F. v. E., fmgillel' la, cingillum, a small girdle, or band. OBLIQUELLA, EdL, Obllquel'la, obliquus, oblique. MEGERLELLA, Sta., Megerlel'la, in honour of J. C. Megerle von Miihlfeld, author of " Bemer- kungen, Bericht.u. Zusatze zu Illiger^s Zusatzen, dergl. zu Fabricii Systema Eleutheratorum,^ published at Linz, 1812. THE BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 103 ADSCITELLA, Sta., Adscftel'la, adscitus, assumed, foreign (opposed to innate, native). CERUSSELLA, Hub., Qerussel'la, cerussa, ceruse, white-lead : from the colour. RHYNCHOSPORELLA, Sta., Rhynchosporel' la, first taken at Kilmun, N. B., hovering over, and settling on, the Beak Rush (Rhynchospora). ELEOCHARIELLA, Sta., Eleochariel 'la (properly He- leochariella, e'Ao?, %a/3t?), first taken at Kilmun, N. B., among Rushes (Eleocharis) . BIATOMELLA, Sta., Bidtomel' la, bis, twice, atomus, a speck. SERRICORNIS, Lo., Serricor'nis, serra, a saw, cornu, a horn : the antenna being much serrated to- wards the apex. TRIATOMEA, Ha., Triatom'ea, ter } thrice, atomus, a speck. TRISERIATELLA, Sta., Triseriatel'la, ter, thrice, series, a row; the wings having three rows of black scales on the disc. SUBOCELLEA, Ste., Subocel' lea, sub, ocellus, having an indistinct eyelet. POLLINARIELLA, Zel., Pollmdriel' la, pollinaris, mealy. RUFOCINEREA, Ha., Rufoc.iner 'ea , rufus, ruddy, cinereus, ash-coloured. OCHREELLA, Sta., Ochrcel' la, ochreus, ochre-yellow. CYGNIPENNELLA, Hub., Qygnipennella, cygnus, a swan, penna, a feather. TISCHERIA, Zel., Tiscjieria, in honour of Carl von Tischer, of Dresden, born 1777, author of the "Encyclopad. Taschenb," &c. COMPLANELLA, Hub., Compldnel 'la, complanare, to make even or level: ' f the mined oak-leaves remain perfectly flat." (Sta.) MARGINEA, Ha., Margin'ea, margo, a margin : the wings being broadly edged with fuscous. ANGUSTICOLLELLA, Hey., Angusticollel'la, angustus, narrow, collwn, neck. LITHOCOLLETIDJE, Sta., Lithocolle tides, the family of which the genus Lithocolle' tis is the type. LITHOCOLLETIS, Zel., Lithocolle tis, Tutfo/eoAXT/ro?, inlaid work, mosaic. ROBORIS, Zel., Roboris, feeds on Oak (Quercus Robur) . 104 AN ACCENTUATED LIST OF HORTELLA, F., Hortel'la, hortus, a garden. AMYOTELLA, Dup., Amyotel'la, in honour of C. J. B. Amy ot, joint author (with Serville) of "L'His- toire Naturelle des Insectes Hemipteres," 1843, &c. LANTANELLA, Sch., Lantanel'la, feeds on the Way- faring Tree (Viburnum Lantana). TRIGUTTELLA, Sta., Triguttel'la, ter, thrice, gutta, a spot. QUINQUEGUTTELLA, Sta., Qumqueguttel'la, quinque, five, gutta, a spot. NIGRESCENTELLA, Lo., Nigresqentel' la, nigrescens, becoming black. IRRADIELLA, Scott, Irradiel'la, irradiare, to cast forth rays. BREMIELLA, Zel., Bremiel'la, in honour of the late Bremi- Wolff, of Zurich, the discoverer of the species. LAUTELLA, Zel., Lautel'la, lautus, elegant. VACCINIELLA, Scott, Vacqiniel'la, feeds on thf Whortle-berry (Vaccinium Vitis-Id?ea) . CAVELLA, Zel., Cavel'la, cavus, hollow. POMIFOLIELLA, Zel., Pomifoliel' la, pomum, an apple, folium, a leaf: mines the leaves of the Wild Apple. CORYLI, Nic., Cor'yliy feeds on Hazel (Corylus Avel- lana) . SPINICOLELLA, Kol., Spinicolel'la, spinus, a sloe- bush, colere, to frequent. FAGINELLA, Mann, Fdginel'la, feeds on Beech (Fag us sylvatica). TORMINELLA, Frey, Torminel'la, feeds on the Service-tree (Sorbus torminalis). SALICICOLELLA, Sir., Sali^icolel'la, salix, willow, colere, to frequent. YIMINETORUM, Sta., ViminetoTum, viminetum, an osier-bed: feeds on the Osier (Salix viminalis). CARPINICOLELLA, Sta., Carpmicolel'la, carpinus, the hornbeam, colere, to frequent. ULMIFOLIELLA, Hub., Ulmifoliel'la, ulmus, elm, folium, a leaf : but this species feeds on Birch. SPINOLELLA, Dup., Spinolel'la, in honour of the Marquis Maximilian Spinola, author of "In- sectorum Ligurise sp. nov. aut rar." (Genoa, 1806-8), "Essai sur les Clerites" (1844), &c. : died 1857. THE BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 105 Q.UERCIFOLIELLA, F. v. R/., Querqifoliel'la, quercus, the oak, folium, a leaf. MESSANIELLA, Zel., Messdniel' la, first taken by Zeller near Messina (the ancient Messand) in Sicily. CORYLIFOLIELLA, Ha., Corylifoliel' la, corylus, hazel, folium, a leaf : but this species feeds on Haw- thorn. CALEDONIELLA, Sta., Caledoniel'la, occurs in Scot- land (Caledonia) and the north of England. VIMINIELLA, Sir., Viminiel'la, vimen, an osier : feeds on Sallow. SCOPARIELLA, Tis., Scopdriel'la, occurs amongst Broom (Spartium Scoparium). ULICICOLELLA, Vau., Uliqicolel'la, ulex, a furze-bush, colere, to frequent. ALNIFOLIELLA, Hub., Alnifoliel'la, alnus, alder, folium, a leaf. HEEGERIELLA, Zel., Heegeriel'la, in honour of Herr Ernst Heeger, author of " Beschreibungen uiid Abbildungen Sicilischer Schmetterlinge " (Vienna, 1838), " Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte der Physapoden " (in Trans. Vienna Acad. 1852). CRAMERELLA, F., Cramerel'la, in honour of P. Cra- mer, the author of " De Uitlandische Kapellen " (Papillons Exotiques), published at Amsterdam in 1779. TENELLA, Zel., Tenel'la, tenellus, delicate. SYLVELLA, Ha., Sylvel la, sylva, a wood. EMBERIZ.EPENNELLA, Bou., Emberlzcepennel' la, em- beriza, a bunting, penna, a feather. FROLICHIELLA, Zel., Frb'lichiel'la, in honour of F. A. G. Frolich, the author of " Enumeratio Tortricum Wurtemburgi^ " (Tubingen, 1828). DUNNINGIELLA, Sta., DunmngieVla, in honour of Mr. J. W. Dunning, Fellow of Trin. Coll., Cambridge. NICELLII, Zel., Niqel'lil, in honour of Graf von Nicelli, author of a List of the Pomeranian species of Lithocolletis, published in the " Ento- mologische Zeitung," 1851. STETTINENSIS, Nic., Stetlinerisis, discovered by v. Nicelli, near Stettin, Pomerania. KLEEMANNELLA, F., Kleemannel'la, in honour of Chr. F. C. Kleemann, the son-in-law of Rosel, 106 AN ACCENTUATED LIST Of author of " Beytrage zur Natur- und Insekten- Geschichte," published in 1761 and 1792. SCHREBERELLA, F., Sqhrcberel' la, in honour of Jchann Chr. Dan. von Schreber, one of the most famous German naturalists, Member of forty Scientific Societies : author of " Novae Insectorum Species" (Halle, 1759), "Die Saiigthiere" (Erlangen, 1776-92), &c. : his principal entomological papers appeared in " Der Naturforscher." TRISTRIGELLA, Ha., Tristrigel' la, ter, thrice, striga, a streak. TRIFASCIELLA, Ha., Trifasciel' la, ter, thrice, fascia, a band. SCABIOSELLA, Dgl., Scabiosel' la, feeds on the Small Scabious (Scabiosa Columbaria). COMPARELLA, F. v. R., Comparel'la, compar, a com- rade, an equal. LYONETIIDJE, Sta., Lyonetiida, the family of which the genus Lyone'tia is the type. LYONETIA, Hub., Lyone'tia, in honour of Pierre Lyonet, author of Descriptions of Insects found at the Hague, and of the " Traite Anatomique de la Chenille qui ronge le Bois de Saule " (La Haye, 1760) : died 1789. CLERCKELLA, L., Clerckel'la, in honour of the Swede Karl Clerck, author of "Aranei Suecici" (1757), "Icones Insectorum Rariorum " (1759), &c. PADIFOLIELLA, Sta., Padifoliel'la, padus, the bird- cherry, fo Hum, a leaf : but this species feeds on Maple. PHYLLOCN1STIS, Zel., Phyllocnis'tis, <}>v\\ov, a leaf, Kvl&iv, to scrape or grate. SUFFUSELLA, Zel., Suffusel'la, suffusus, tinged, smeared. SALIGNA, Zcl., Salig'na, salix: feeds on Willows, principally on Salix Helix. CEMIOSTOMA, Zel., yemios'toma, /cr}/j,6$, a muzzle, arofjba, the mouth. SPARTIFOLIELLA, Hub., Spartifoliel'la, feeds under the bark of Broom (Spartium Scoparium). LABURNELLA, }ley.,Laburnel'la, feeds on Laburnum (Cytisus Laburnum) . SCITELLA, Zel., Scitel'la, scilus, beautiful. THE BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 107 LOTELLA, Sta., Lotel'la, feeds on Bird's-foot Trefoil (Lotus] . OPOSTEGA, Zel., Opos'tega, otyr, the face, o-reV?, a roof: in allusion to the large eye-caps. SALACIELLA, Tr., Salaciel'la, salax, lustful. AURITELLA, Hub., Awitel'la, auritus, eared : refer- ring to the eye-caps. CREPUSCULELLA, F. v. R., Crepusculel' la, crepus- culum, twilight, dusk. BUCCULATRIX, Zel., Bucculatrix, buccula, a little mouth, or cheek. AURIMACULELLA, Sta., Aurimaculel' la, aurum, gold, macula, a spot. CIDARELLA, Tis., Qidarel' la, cidaris, a head-dress, diadem. ULMELLA, Mann, Ulmel'la, feeds on Elm (Ulmus) according to Mann. VETUSTELLA, Mann, Vetustel'la, vetustas, age, an- tiquity. CRAT^EGI, Zel., Grata' gl, feeds on Hawthorn (Cra- tffigus Oxyacantha). DEMARYELLA, Dup., Demaryel'la, in honour of M. Demary, the first Secretary of the Entomo- logical Society of France. MARITIMA, Sta., Marit'ima, maritimus y occurring on the coast. BOYERELLA, Dup., Boyerel'la, in honour of E.L. J.N. Boyer de Fonscolombe, author of "Descrip- tions des Diplolepaires qui se trouvent aux environs d'Aix " (Ann. des Sc. Nat. 1832), " Des Insectes nuisibles a FAgriculture " (Aix, 1840), &c. FRANGULELLA, Goe., Frangulel'la, feeds on Buck- thorn (Ehamnus Frangula). HIPPOCASTANELLA, Dup., Hippocastanel' la, feeds on Horse-chestnut (^Esculus Hippocastanum) . CRISTATELLA, F. v. B/., Cristdtel'la, cristatus, crested. NEPTICULIDJE, Sta., Nepticulida, the family of which the genus Nepticula is the type. NEPTICULA, Zel., Nepticula, dimin. form of neptis, a grand-daughter. ATRICAPITELLA, Ha., Atricapitel' la, ater, black, cap ut, head. 108 AN ACCENTUATED LIST OF RUFICAPITELLA, Ha., Ruficdpitel' 'la, rufus, red, caput, head. ANOMALELLA, Gk>e., Andmalel'la, avd)/jLa\os, ano- malous. PYGM^EELLA, Ha., Pygmteel'la, pyamceus, pigmy, dwarf. OXYACANTHELLA, Sta., Oxyacanthel'la, feeds on Hawthorn (Cratsegus Oxyacantha}. VISCERELLA, DgL, Visqerel'la, viscera, the entrails ; " from the gut-like appearance of its mine " in Elm-leaves. CATHARTICELLA, Sta., Cathartiqel' la, feeds on Buck- thorn (Rhamnus Catharticus) . SEPTEMBRELLA, Sta., Septembrel' la, first bred in the month of September. CRYPTELLA, Frey, Cryptel'la, /cpuTrros, hidden. WEAVER:, Dgl., Wea'verl, in honour of the late Richard Weaver, of Birmingham, the discoverer of the species. INTIMELLA, Zel., Intimel'la, intimus, most secret. HEADLEYANA, Sta., Headleya'na, first captured in Headley Lane, near Mickleham. SUBBIMACULELLA, Ha., Subbimaculel' la, sub, bis, macula, indistinctly twice-spotted. ARGYROPEZA, Zel., Argyropez'a, apyvpoTre^a, silver- footed. APICELLA, Sta., Apicel'la, apex, the wings having two opposite whitish spots near the apex. TRIMACULELLA, Ha., Trimaculel'la, ter, thrice, ma- cula, a spot. QUINQUELLA, Bed., Quinquel'la, quinque, five. SERICOPEZA, Zel., Sericopez'a, a^pi/coTre^a, silken- footed. FLOSLACTELLA, Ha., Floslactel' la, flos-lactis, cream : cream-coloured. SALICIS, Sta., Sal'iqis, feeds on Sallows (Salix). MYRTILLELLA, Edl., Myrtillel'la, feeds on Bilberry (Vaccinium Myrtillus}. MICROTHERIELLA, Wing, MiCTotheriel'la, piKpos, small, Qrjptov, a little creature. POTERII, Sta., Pote'ril, feeds on the Salad-Burnet (Poterium Sanguisorba). BETULICOLA, Sta., Betulic'ola, betula, birch, colere, to frequent. IGNOBILELLA, Sta., lyndbilel'la, ignobilis, ignoble. THE BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 109 ARGENTIPEDELLA, Zel., Argentipedel' la, argentum, silver, pes, foot. ACETOS.E, Sta., Aqetosa, feeds on the Dock (Rumex Acetosd) . PLAGICOLELLA, Sta.,Plagicolel'la,plaga, open ground, colere, to frequent. PRUNETORUM, Sta., Pruneto'rum, prunetum, a sloe- thicket. TITYRELLA, Dgl., Tityrel'la, feeds on Beech : Tityre, tu patulse recubans sub tegmine fagi. MALELLA, Sta., Malel'la, feeds on the Wild Apple (Pyrus Mains). ANGULTFASCIELLA, Sta., Angulifasqiel'la, angulus, an angle, fascia, a band. ATRICOLLIS, Sta., Atricol'lis, ater, black, collum, neck : alluding to the larva. ARCUATA, Frey, Arena ta, arcuatus, curved. GRATIOSELLA, Sta., Grdtiosel' la, gratiosus, favourite. MARGINICOLELLA, Sta., Marginicolel'la, margo, a margin, colere, to frequent : the larva making long galleries at the edges of the leaves of Elm. ALNETELLA, Sta., Alnetel'la, feeds on Alder (Alnus glutinosa) . GLUTINOS^, Sta., Glutinosa, feeds on Alder (Alnus glutinosa). CONTINUELLA, Sta., Continuel 'la, continuus, con- tinuous. AURELLA, F., Aurel'la, aurum, gold. LUTEELLA, Sta., Luteel'la, luteus, saffron-yellow. REGIELLA, Frey, Regie I la, regius, royal, clad in purple. TRIFURCULA, Zel., Trifur'cula, trifarcus, three- pronged : the median vein of the wings being trifid. ATRIFRONTELLA, Sta., Atrifrontel 'la, ater, black, frons, brow. SQUAMATELLA, $ta.,Squdmdtel'la, squamatus,covere& with scales. IMMUNDELLA, Zel., Immundel'la, immundus, unclean. PULVEROSELLA, Sta., Pulverosel'la, pulverosus, co- vered with dust. 110 AN ACCENTUATED LIST OF PTEROPHORINA, PTEROPHORI'NA. The tribe of Plume-Moths, of which Pteroph'orus is the type. ADACTYLA, ZeL, Adac'tyla, a priv., Sd/cTvXos, a finger, or ray : the wings not being divided into fea- thered rays, as in Pterophorus. BENNETII, Cur., Bennet'il, in honour of Mr. Edward Bennet, of Rougham Old Hall, Suffolk. PTEROPHORUS, Geof., Pteroph'orus, irrepov, a wing- let, a plume, fyopelv, to carry : alluding to the peculiar form of the wings, which are cleft into narrow feathered rays, or plumes. RHODODACTYLUS, W. V., Rhododac' tylus , poBov, the rose (referring to the colour), $d/crv\o<;, a finger, or ray : the number of plumes being five, the same as the number of fingers. OCHRODACTYLUS, Hub., Ochrodac' tylus, w^pa, ochre- yellow, SdfCTV\oat,6r}$, downcast, obscure. ALCHYMISTA, Hub., Alchymis'ta, an alchymist. 114 P. ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 80, NEMOPHORA METAXELLA ; or, in honour of the Italian naturalists L. and T. Metaxa, who pub- lished, the former a " Monografia de' Serpenti di Roma, e suoi contorni " (Rome, 1823), the latter, "Memorie Zoologico-mediche " (Rome, 1833). P. 82, PLUTELLA; or, from TrXuro?, washed: from the smudged appearance of the insects, the mark- ings running one into another. P. 83, CEROSTOMA ; a more probable derivation is Kepa?, a horn, crro^a, the mouth : referring either to the projecting palpi, or to the insects' habit of sitting with the antennae porrected forwards. P. 107, NEPTICULA : in this genus insert the species POMELLA, Vau., Pomel'la, pomus, an apple-tree ; feeds in the leaves of the Apple. Page 3, line ERRATA. 9, after Linne says, imert (Syst Nat. ed.!2 ma , torn. i. p. 786). 6, line 28, for Hesperia, read Hesper'ia. 35, Li'nea, Ll'nea. w 8, line 13, 19, 21, >, Tipulseformis, Myopseformis, Formicseformis, Tipuliformis. Myopifonnis. Formiciformis. 39, Phragmitis, Phragmites. *^i line 39, Erectheus, >, Erechtheus. ,, ^y line 8, Villica, ViVlica. !"*> line 16, TJrapterygidsB, Uropteiygidee . 17, 18, Urapteryx, Uropteryx. 24, line 13, oVcopa, OTTCOpa. 26, line 20, Exigud'ta, Exiy'tid'ta. 29, line 41, Lineold'ta, w Lmeold'ta. 34, line 14, Leporlna) Leporl'tm. 42, line 19, OTTCOpOff, oTrcopa. 43, line 2, KVK\OS, KVK\OS. 50, line 37, Herminia, ffermin'ta. 54, line 14; Pio'nea, Pio'nea. 60, line 2, Piqed'na, Piged'na. 64, line 38, Sericoris, Seric'oris. 66, , 69, line line 26, 11, Colquhonana, Brimnichiana, C olquhounana. Briinnichiana. ;; 97; line 41, H lAneol 'ea, Llneol'ea. ,,100, line 46, 1746, ?? 1744. 110, line 21, rpi'yooi/os, Tpiycovov. INDEX. Abraxas, 22. Argyresthiidse, 93. Catocalidae, 49. Acherontia, 7. Argyrolepia, 74. Catoptria, 72. Acidalia, 19. Argyrotoxa, 62. Cedestis, 94. Acidaliidse, 19. Asopiidee, 52. Celaena, 38. Acontia, 47. Aspilates, 22. Cemiostoma, 106. Acontiidae, 47. Aspis, 64. Cerastis, 42. Acosmetia, 38. Asthena, 19. Cerigo, 37. Acrolepia, 92. Asychna, 101. Cerostoma, 83, 114. Acronycta, 34. Aventia, 51. Chalybe, 82. Adactyla, 110. Aventiidae, 51. Charseas, 37. Adela, 80. Axylia, 36. Chariclea, 46. ^Eclimia, 93. Chauliodus, 99. Aglossa, 51. Bactra, 66. Cheimatobia, 24. Agriopis, 44. Agrophila, 47. Banksia, 47. Batodes, 68. Chelaria, 89. Chelonia, 12. Agrotera, 52. Batrachedra, 99. Cheloniidse, 11. Agrotis, 39. Bedellia, 99. Chesias, 30. Aleucis, 21. Biston, 16. ChiUdaa, 56. Alucita, 111. Boarmia, 17. Chilo, 56. Alucitina, 111. Boarmiidae, 16. Choerocampa, 7. Amphidasydee, 16. Boletobia, 18. Choreutes, 73. Amphidasys, 16, 113. Boletobiid, 18. Chortobius, 5. Amphipyra, 48. Bombycidae, 13. Chrosis, 74. Amphipyridae, 48. Amphisa, 61. Bombycoidse, 34. Bornbyx, 13. Chrysoclysta, 100. Chrysocorys, 101. Anaitis, 30. Botydee, 53. Cidaria, 28. Anarsia, 89. Botys, 53. Cilix, 30. Anarta, 47. Brephos, 48. Cirrhoedia, 42. Anchocelis, 41. Bryophila, 33. Cledeobia, 52. Anerastia, 57. Bryophilidse, 33. Cleodora, 89. Anesychia, 82. Bucculatrix, 107. Cleora, 16. Angerona, 14. ButaHs, 91. Clepsis, 66. Anisopteryx, 24, Cloantha, 45. Anthocharis, 2. Cabera, 21. Clostera, 32. Anthophilidae, 47. Caberidae, 21. Cnephasia, 66. Anticlea, 27. Calligenia, 10. Coccyx, 69. Antispila, 101. Callimorpha, 11. Cochliopodidse, 9. Antithesia, 64. Calocampa, 45. Coleophora, 96. Anybia, 101. Calophasia, 46. Coleophoridffi, 96. Apamea, 38. Camptogramma, 28, 113. Colias, 2. Apameidae, 36. Capua, 66. Collix, 26, 113. Apatura, 4. Caradrina, 39. Conchylidae, 73. Aphelia, 75. Caradrinidae, 38. Conchylis, 75. Aplecta, 44. Carpocapsa, 70. Coreniia, 28. Aporophyla, 36. Carsia, 29. Coriscium, 95. Arctia, 12. Cataclysta, 53. Corycia, 21. Arge, 4. Catephia, 113. Cosmia, 43. Argynnis, 2. Catepliiidae, 113. Cosmiidae, 42. Argyresthia, 93. Catocala, 49. Cosmopteryx, 99. 116 INDEX. Cossus, 9. Epione, 14. Heliodes, 47. Crambi, 55. Epunda, 44, 113. lleliodines, 100. Crambidse, 55. Erastria, 47. Heliophobus, 37. Crambus, 55. Erastriidse, 47. Heliothida?, 46. Crocallis, 15. Erebia, 4. Ileliotliis, 46. Oyptoblabes, 58. Eremobia, 43. Hemerophila, 16. CucuUia, 46. Eriogaster, 13. Hemithea, 18. Cymatophora, 33. Eriopsela', 65. Henicostoma, 83. Cymbidse, 59. Erycinidse, 6. Hepialidae, 9. Eubolia, 29. Hepialus, 9. Dasycampa, 42. Euboliida;, 29. Herbula, 52. Basycera, 90. Euchelia, 11. Ilerminia, 50. Dasydia, 17. Eucheliidse, 11. Herminiida?, 50. Dasypolia, 43. Euchromia, 65. Hesperia, 6, 113. Dasystoma, 76. Euclidia, 49. Hesperiidse, 6, 113. Deilephila, 7. Euclidiidsc, 49. Heusimene, 70. Deiopeia, 11. Euperia, 42, 113. Himera, 16. Deltoidsc, 50. Eupisteria, 19. Homceosoma, 57. Demas, 13, 113. Eupithecia, 25. Hybernia, 23. Depressaria, 83. Euplexia, 44. Hyberniidse, 23. Dianthoecia, 43. Euplocamus, 77. Hydrelia, 47. Diasemia, 53. Eupoecilia, 73. HydriUa, 38. Dichelia, 60. Euryrneiie, 15. Hydrocampa, 53. Dicranura, 31. Euthemonia, 11. Ilydrocarnpidso, 53. Dicranuridse, 31. Exseretia, 83. Hydroecia, 36. Dicrorampha, 71. Exapate, 76. Hypena, 50. Dictyopteryx, 62. Hypenidse, 50. Dicycla, 43. Fidonia, 22. Hypenodes, 50. Diloba, 33. Fidoniidse, 21. Hypercallia, 90. Diphthera, 34. Hypermecia, 68. Diplodoma, 77. aaUeria, 59. Hyponomeuta, 81. Dipterygia, 36. aelechia, 85. Hyponomeutidse, 81. Ditula, 63, (Mechiidse, 83. Hyppa, 45. Diurnea, 76. Geometra, 18. Hypsilophus, 89. Diurni, 1. G-eometrse, 14. Hypsipetes, 27. Douglasia, 93. Geometridae, 18. Hyria, 19. Drepanulidse, 30. Grlyphipterygidse, 92. Grlyphipteryx, 92. Ilithyia, 57. Ebulea, 54. aiyphisia, 32. Incurvaria, 79. Eidophasia, 82. G-nophos, 17. lodes, 18. Elachista, 101. G-oniodoma, 96. Elachistidse, 99. Gonoptera, 48. Lampronia, 79. Ellopia, 15. Gonopteridse, 48. Laphygma, 36. Emmelesia, 24. Gonopteryx, 2. Larentia, 24. Emydia, 11. Gortyna, 36. Larentiidae, 24. Endopisa, 71. Gracilaria, 95. Lasiocampa, 13. Endotricha, 52. Gracilariidse, 95. Laverna, 100. Endromidse, 14. Grammesia, 38. Lemnatophila, 75. Endromis, 14. Grapholitha, 67. Leptogramma, 61. Endrosis, 91. Grapholithidae, 66. Leucania, 34. Ennoinidse, 14. Gymnancyla, 58. Leucaniidse, 34. Ennomos, 15. Leucophasia, 2. Ennychia, 52. Habrostola, 48. Ligdia, 23. Ennychiidse, 52. Hadena, 44. Ligiidae, 23. Ephestia, 57. Hadenidse, 43. Limacodes, 9. Ephippiphora, 69. Halia, 21. Limenitis, 4. Ephyra, 18. Halias, 59. Liparidge, 12. Ephyridffi, 18. Haplota, 89. Liparis, 12. Epigraphia, 76. Harpella, 90. LithocoUetidae, 103. Epigraphiidse, 75. Hecatera, 43. Lithocolletis, 103. INDEX. 1 Lithosia, 10. Nyssia, 16. Pieridse, 2. Lithosiidae, 10. Pieris, 2. Lithostege, 30. Ochsenheimeria, 77. Pionea, 54. Lobesia, 73. Ocnerostoma, 94. Platypteryx, 30. Lobophora, 26. Odonestis, 13. Platytes, 55. Lomaspilis, 23. Odontia, 51. Pleurota, 89. Luperina, 37. Odontiidffi, 51. PUcatffi, 55. Lycaena, 5, 113. Odontopera, 15. Plodia, 58. Lycsenidse, 5. CEcogenia, 91. Plusia, 48. Lyonetia, 106. (Ecophora, 90. Plusiidse, 48. Lyenetiidse, 106. (Enectra, 61. Plutella, 82, 114. CEnophila, 99. PluteUida?, 82. Macaria, 21. Olindia, 69. PoaphUida?, 50. Macariidse, 21. Oncocera, 59. Poecilocampa, 13. Macrogaster, 8. Opadia, 71. Polia, 43. Macroglossa, 7. Ophiodes, 49. Polyommatus, 5. Madopa, 50. Ophiusida3, 49. Prays, 82. Mamestra, 37. Oporabia, 24. ProcridaB, 9. Mania, 48. Oporina, 42. Procris, 9. Mecyna, 54. Opostega, 107. Pseudobombyces, 31. Melanippe, 27. Orgyia, 12. Pseudoterpna, 18. Melanthia, 27. Ornix, 96. Psodos, 17. Melia, 59. Orthosia, 41. Psoricoptera, 85. Meliana, 35. Orthosiidse, 41. Psyche, 76. Meliphora, 59. Orthotsenia, 65. Psychidffi, 76. Melitsea, 3. OrthoteUa, 83. Psychoides, 76. Metrocampa, 15. Pterophorina, 110. Miana, 38. Paclietra, 37. Pterophorus, 110. Micra, 47, 113. Pachnobia, 41. PtUodontis, 32. Micropteryx, 79. Minoa, 22. Pachycnemia, 23. Pffidisca, 68. Ptilophora, 32. Ptycholoma, 63. Miselia, 44. Pamplusia, 70. Pygsera, 31. Mixodia, 65. Panagra, 21. Pygffiridse, 31. Mniophila, 17. Pancalia, 91. Pyralides, 51. Myelophila, 57. Papilio, 1. Pyralis, 51. PapilionidaB, 1. Pyraloididae, 73. Nascia, 53. Paraponyx, 53. Pyrausta, 52. Nematois, 81. Parasia, 88. Pyrodes, 72. Nemeobius, 6. Pardia, 64. Nemophora, 80, 114. Pelurga, 29. Retinia, 70. Nemoria, 18. Pempelia, 58. Rhodaria, 52. Nephopteryx, 58. Penthina, 63. E,hodocerida3, 2. Nepticula, 107, 114. Penthinidas, 63. Rhodophsea, 58. Nepticulidee, 107. Pericallia, 1.5. Rivula, 50. Neuria, 37. Perittia, 93. Roslerstammia, 92. Noctua, 40. Peronea, 61. Roxana, 65. Noctuee, 33. Petasia, 31. Rumia, 14. ISoctuidse, 39. Phalsenoidae, 48. Rusina, 39. Noctuo-bombycid, 33. Phibalapteryx, 28. Nocturni, 7. Phibalocera, 83. Sarothripus, 59. Nola, 10. Phigalia, 16. Saturnia, 14. Nolidge, 10. Phloeodes, 68. SaturniidaB, 14. Nonagria, 35. Phlogophora, 44. Satyrida?, 4. Nothris, 89. Phorodesma, 18. Satyrus, 4. Notodonta, 32, 113. Phoxopteryx, 67. Schoenobius, 57. Notodontidse, 32. Phtheochroa, 65. Schrankia, 50. Nudaria, 10. Phycidse, 57. Sciaphila, 66. Numeria, 21. Phycis, 58. Sciaphilidse, 65. Nyctegretes, 58. Nymphalidse, 4. Phyllocnistis, 106. Phytometra, 50. Scodiona, 22. Scoparia, 55. 117 118 INDEX. Scopariidse, 55. Scopelosoma, 42. Scopula, 54. Scoria, 22. Scotosia, 28. Scythropia, 81. Selenia, 15. Selidosema, 22. Semasia, 69. Senta, 35. Sericoridse, 64. Sericoris, 64. Sesia, 8. Sesiidse, 8. Setina, 10. Sideria, 64. Simyra, 34. Sionidse, 30. Smerinthus, 7. Solenobia, 76. Sophronia, 89. Sphaleroptera, 66. Sphingidse, 7. Sphinx, 7. Spilodes, 54. Spilonota, 64. Spilonotidse, 64. Stathinopoda, 99. Stauropus, 31. Stenia, 53. Steniidee, 53. Stephensia, 101. Sterrha, 22. Stigmonota, 71. Stilbia, 49. Stilbiidse, 49. Strenia, 21. Swammerdammia, 81. Symsethis, 73. Synia, 34, 113. Syrichthus,' 6, 113. Tseniocampa, 41. Talseporia, 76. Tanagra, 30. Tephrosia, 17. Teras, 62. Tethea, 42. Thanaos, 6. Thecla, 5. Thera, 26. Theristis, 83. Thyatira, 33. Timandra, 20. Tinagina, 93. Tinea, 77. Tinese, 75. Tineidse, 77. Tischeria, 103. Tortrioes, 59. Tortricidse, 59. Tortricodes, 75. Tortrix, 59. Toxocampa, 49. Toxocampidte, 49. Trachea, 41. Trichiura, 13. Trifurcula, 109. Trycheris, 73. Tryphsena, 40. Uropterygidse, 14. Uropteryx, 14. Valeria, 44. Vanessa, 3. Vanessidse, 2. Venilia, 14. Venusia, 19. Xanthia, 42, 113. Xanthosetia, 74. Xylina, 45. Xylinidae, 45. Xylocampa, 45. Xylomiges, 36. Xylophasia, 36. Xylopoda, 73. Xysmatodoma, 77. ZeUeria, 94. Zenzera, 8. Zenzeridse, 8. Zerenidse, 22. Zygsena, 10. Zygsenidse, 10. THE END. PRINTED BY TATLOE AND FEANCIS, RED LION COUKT, FLEET STREET. LONDON, DECEMBER 1858. CATALOGUE OF BOOKS PUBLISHED BY ME. VAN VOORST. ZOOLOGY. MAMMALIA. IJistory of British. Quadrupeds, including the Cetacea. By THOMAS BELL, F.E.S., P.L.S., Professor of Zoology in King's College, London. Illustrated by nearly 200 Engravings, comprising portraits of the animals, and vignette tail-pieces. 8vo. New Edition in preparation. Natural History of the Sperm Whale, and a Sketch of a South Sea Whaling Voyage. By THOMAS BEALE. PostSvo, 12s. cloth. BIRDS. History of British Birds. By WILLIAM YAEEELL, V.P.L.S., F.Z.S., &c. This work contains a history and a picture por- trait, engraved expressly for the work, of each species of the Birds found in Britain. Three volumes, containing 550 Illustrations. Third Edition, demy 8vo, 4 14s. Qd. Coloured Illustrations of the Eggs of British Birds, with Descriptions of their Nests and Nidification. By WILLIAM C. HEWITSOK Third Edition, 2 vols. 8vo, 4 14s. Qd. The figures and descriptions of the Eggs in this edition are from dif- ferent specimens to those figured in the previous editions. Systematic Catalogue of the Eggs of British Birds, arranged with a View to supersede the use of Labels for Eggs. By the Kev. S. C. MALAN, M.A., M.A.S. On writing-paper. 8vo, 8s. M. Ornithological Rambles in Sussex. By A. E. KNOX, M.A., F.L.S. Third Edition. Post 8vo, with Four Illustrations by Wolf, 7s. Qd. Falconry in the Valley of the Indus. By E. F. BUETON, Author of ' Goa and the Blue Mountains,' &c. Post 8vo, with Four Illustrations, 6s. Monograph of the Birds forming the Tanagrine Genus CALLISTE ; illustrated by Coloured Plates of all the known species. By P. L. SCLATEE, M.A., Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, F.Z.S., &c. 8vo, 2 2s. JOHN VAN VOOEST, 1 PATEENOSTEE EOW. 2 BOOKS PUBLISHED BY ME. VAX VOOEST. Birds of Jamaica. By P. H. GOSSE, F.E.S., Author of the ' Canadian Naturalist,' &c. Post 8vo, 10s. The Dodo and its Kindred; or the History, Affinities and Osteology of the Dodo, Solitaire, and other Extinct Birds of the Islands Mauritius, Eodriguez, and Bourbon. By H. E. STEICK- LAND, M.A., F.O.S., F.E.O.S., and E. a. MELVILLE, M.D. Edin., M.E.C.S. Eoyal 4to, with 18 Plates and other Illustra- tions, ! Is. Geographical and Comparative List of the Birds of Europe and North America. By CHAELES LUCIEN BONA- PAETE, Prince of Musignano. 8vo, 5s. Ornithological Synonyms. By the late HUGH EDWIN STEICKLAND, M.A., F.E.S., &c. Edited by Mrs. HUGH EDWIN STEICKLAND and SIE WILLIAM JAEDINE, Bart., F.E.S.E., &c. 8vo, Vol. I. containing the Order Accipitres, 12s. Qd. REPTILES. History of British Reptiles. By THOMAS BELL, E.E.S., President of the Linnean Society, V.P.Z.S., &c., Professor of Zoo- logy in King's College, London. Second Edition, with 50 Illus- trations, 12s. FISHES. Production and Management of Fish in Fresh Waters, by Artificial Spawning, Breeding, and Hearing. By GOTTLIEB BOCCIUS. 8vo, 5s. History of British Fishes. By WILLIAM YAEEELL, V.P.L.S., F.Z.S., &c. Third Edition. Edited by SIE JOHN EICHAEDSON, M.D. Two vols. demy 8vo, illustrated by more than 500 Engravings. Nearly ready. Yarrell. Growth of the Salmon in Fresh Water. With Six Coloured Illustrations of the Fish of the natural size, exhibit- ing its structure and exact appearance at various stages during the first two years. 12s. sewed. Heraldry of Fish. By THOMAS MOULE. Nearly six hun- dred families are noticed in this work, and besides the several descriptions of fish, fishing-nets, and boats, are included also mer- maids, tritons, and shell-fish. Nearly seventy ancient seals are described, and upwards of twenty subjects in stained glass. The engravings, two hundred and five in number, are from stained glass, tombs, sculpture and carving, medals and coins, rolls of arms, and pedigrees. 8vo, 21s. ; a few on large paper (royal 8vo) for colouring, 2 2s. JOHN VAN VOOEST, 1 PATEENOSTEE EOW. BOOKS PUBLISHED BY MR. VAN VOORST. 3 Fly-Fishing in Salt and Fresh Water. With Six Coloured Plates, representing Artificial Flies, &c. 8vo, 7s. Qd. An Angler's Rambles. By EDWARD JESSE, F.L.S., Author of ' Gleanings in Natural History.' Contents : Thames Fishing Trolling in Staffordshire Perch Fishing Club Two Daya' Fly-fishing on the Test Luckford Fishing Club Grayling Fishing A Visit to Oxford The Country Clergyman. Post 8vo, 105. Qd. INVERTEBRATA. Introduction to Conchology j or, Elements of the Natural History of Molluscous Animals. By GEORGE JOHNSTON, M.D., LL.D., Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edin- burgh, author of ' A History of the British Zoophytes.' 8vo, 102 Illustrations, 21s. " The book is a convincing proof that there is no subject, however dry and unj ar gist ' tions of molluscous animals to each other and to other created beings ; and this he has done in a style so elegant and captivating, and with such a happy facility of illustrating his theories by learned references and curious anecdotes, that it is not easy to decide whether his work is most valuable as a scientific, or interesting as a literary composition." Morning Post. History of British Mollusca and their Shells. By Pro- fessor ED. FORBES, F.R.S., &c. and SYLVANUS HANLEY, B.A., F.L.S. Illustrated by a figure of each known Animal and of all the Shells, engraved on 203 copper-plates. 4 vols. 8vo, .6 10s. ; royal 8vo, with the plates coloured, 13. Synopsis of the Mollusca of Great Britain. Arranged according to their Natural Affinities and Anatomical Structure. By W. A. LEACH, M.D., F.R.S., &c. &c. Post 8vo, with 13 Plates, 14s. History of the British Marine Testaceous Mollusca, described in their Natural Order, on the Basis of the Organiza- tion of the Animals, with References and Notes on every British species. By WILLIAM CLARK. 8vo, 15s. Thesaurus Conchyliorum. By G. B. SOWERBY. Imp. 8vo, Eighteen Parts, 1 5s. each. Malacologia Monensis. A Catalogue of the Mollusca inhabiting the Isle of Man and the neighbouring Sea. By EDWARD FORBES. Post 8vo, 3s., Edinburgh, 1838. History of British Star-fishes, and other Animals of the Class Echinodermata. By EDWARD FORBES, M.W.S., Pro- fessor of Botany in King's College, London. 8vo, with more than 120 Illustrations, 15s., or royal 8vo, 30s. JOHN VAN VOORST, 1 PATERNOSTER ROW. 4 BOOKS PUBLISHED BY ME. VAN VOORST. Genera of Recent Mollusca ; arranged according to their Or- ganization. By HENRY AND AETHUE ADAMS. This work contains a description and a figure engraved on steel of each genus, and an enumeration of "the species. 3 vols. 8vo, <4 10s. ; or royal 8vo, with the plates coloured, 9. Elements of Entomology : an Outline of the Natural History and Classification of British Insects. By WILLIAM S. DAL- LAS, F.L.S. Post 8vo, 8s. Qd. The Entomologist's Annual for 1855 to 1858. Duodecimo, boards, 2s. Qd. each. History of British Stalk-eyed Crustacea (Lobsters, Crabs, Prawns, Shrimps, &c.). By THOMAS BELL, President of the Linnean Society, F.G.S., F.Z.S., Professor of Zoology in King's College, London. The volume is illustrated by 174 Engravings of Species and tail-pieces. 8vo,