itMlHtltUU^
 
 MEMOIRS 
 
 RELATIVE TO THE 
 
 CAMPAIGN OF 1788, 
 
 1» 
 
 SWEDEN. 
 
 [ Price 3s. 6d. } 
 
 8 2 6 ( 
 
 \
 
 yZ^.^^^^^ 
 
 MEMOIRS 
 
 RELATIVE TO THE 
 
 CAMPAIGN OF 1788, 
 
 I N 
 
 SWEDEN. 
 
 BY HIS SERENE HIGHNESS 
 
 PRINCE CHARLES OF HESSE, 
 
 COMMA NDHR IN CHIEF OF THE DANISH AUXILIARY 
 ARMY. 
 
 ^TRANSLATED FROM TPIE FRENCH, 
 WITH THIR.T Y-THREE VOUCHERS. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 J'rinted for R. Baldwin, Pater-noster Row. 
 
 M UCC LXXXIX.
 
 •>s
 
 DL 
 
 
 ^^6 
 
 
 /7^S ~ 
 
 ^RNIA 
 
 K/4-:..n 
 
 ARY 
 
 MEMOIRS, &c, 
 
 ^^ r ■ ^ H E difFerent opinions of the publick,' 
 '^ I concerning the entry into Sweden of a 
 
 -*• corps of Danifli or Norwegian auxilia- 
 ries, ceded by the King to her Imperial Majefty 
 of Ruflia, are an evident proof, that people, even 
 in other rcfpedls well informed, have not been 
 thoroughly fo of the affair in queftion, nor its 
 confequences. The reports and infinuations of 
 the oppofite party, and the erroneous articles 
 which fwarm in the news-papers, have occafioned 
 falfe interpretations of the mod natural things j 
 and made the condudl of the court of Denmark, 
 its alliance with Ruflia, and the movements and 
 behaviour of its troops in Sweden, to be confi- 
 vdered in a wrong point of view. I think it in- 
 ,%cumbent, therefore, on me to give the public, 
 "H Denmark, and myfelf, a fuccinft account of this 
 ^^ event, and its caufes. An ingenuous freedom, 
 , which forms the bafis of my cha'^after, fliall guide 
 '^^ my pen •, and I will conceal from the publick only 
 X fuch fads as might injure, or bring fhame on, 
 ^ fome perfons, without leading to the end I pro* 
 ^ pofe. 
 
 \ B The 
 
 4456S9
 
 The unexpcfted journey of the King of ^we-* 
 den to Copenhagen, at the beginning of this 
 year, occafioned a great fenfation in Europe. This 
 Prince, who, from his youth, had been brought 
 up in principles inimical to Denmark ; whofe 
 almoft republican nation was at that time divided 
 into factions, of which that called the Bonnets 
 oppofed the interefts of the Court, and was at- 
 tached to Ruffia, to England, and to Denmark •, 
 this Prince, I fay, difplayed all his rhetorick and 
 political talents, at Copenhagen, to detach our 
 Court from her ancient, clofe, and natural alliance 
 with RufTia, and to induce her to unite herfelf 
 intimately with that of Sweden. Our Court, 
 being animated with the moft ardent delire of 
 preferving an uninterrupted peace in the Nortii, 
 liftened to the King's overtures fo far as was con- 
 fident with the integrity of its views, and the 
 fidelity of its engagements. It made him fuch 
 propoials as were the moft proper to reconcile 
 him with Ruffia, and to ftrengthen the tranquil- 
 lity of the North ; it fhowed him the moft difin- 
 terefted and pacifick fyftem, endeavoured to make 
 him eafy refpefling all the plans of his neighbours, 
 opened its own, and offered to guarantee the fame 
 pacifick intentions on the part of Ruffia ; but in 
 vain. His Swedifli Majefty's refolutions were al- 
 ready taken ; and from that moment it was eafy 
 to forefee that he would feife the very lirft oppor- 
 tunity to weaken the power of a neighbour, that 
 had too much weight. 
 
 A few
 
 [ 3 J 
 
 A few weeks after the King of Sweden's de- 
 parture, I arrived at Copenhagen ; from whence I 
 went, in the May following, to Norway, to col- 
 led and exercife the troops, his Royal Highnefs 
 the Crown-Prince propofing to afliil at their en- 
 campment, when making his tour of that king- 
 dom. His Swcdifh Majefty condefcended to re- 
 ceive mc, in my pafTage thro* his territories, with 
 the utmofl: kindnefs, and mod particular diftinc- 
 tion. All converfation in Sweden turned upon 
 an alliance between that country and Denmark, ac 
 which they every where exprelTed the higheft fatif- 
 fadion : I heard this fo often repeated, that I 
 could not forbear writing to Count Bernsdorf, to 
 apprife him of my being fo frequently and fo 
 confidently afllired of this Swedifh alliance, that I 
 could hardly refufe believing it at lad myfclf. 
 By his Swedifh Majefty's exprefs orders I was 
 fhown, and confequently faw, the fortreflfes of 
 Warberg, Gothenburg, and Elfsburg. They alfo 
 offered to (how me Marftrand : but, left I fhould 
 feem defirous of examining any place out of my 
 route, I purpofely declined the favour, and went 
 only to fee Trolhetta, a water-fall, with a projefted 
 canal, which is vifited by every traveller. I then 
 returned through Wennerfburg to Uddewalla, 
 which lies in the high road to Norway. 
 
 I mention thefe particulars to refute an accufa- 
 tion, afterwards made againft me in Sweden, of 
 having travelled as a fpy. I was under no fuch 
 necefTity to obtain a thorough knowledge of that 
 country, having long before pofTelTed all the in- 
 B 2 formation
 
 [-4 1 
 
 fdrmatiori rcquifite, in cafe of a war, to which CW(? 
 neighbouring ftates are always expofed. I had 
 already taken care to inform myfelf completely 
 on this fubjefl, when, in 1772, a Swedifh army 
 had been on the frontiers of Norway, and threatened 
 an irruption, after having attempted to procure 
 themfelves there a party of adherents, both civil 
 and military, i then returned his Swedifli Ma- 
 jefty the cyphers, which were brought me by fome 
 officers and other perfons, by means of which the 
 plot was difcovered. There the affair dropped, 
 our Court wifhing not to difturb the peace } but 
 from that time endeavoured to put Norway in a 
 proper ft ate of defence. 
 
 Ever fmce the Autumn of 1787, the war with 
 the Turks had employed the Ruffians on the 
 Dnieftcr, and in the Crimea; and the Ruffian 
 fleet was fitting out at Cronftadt for the Mediter- 
 ranean. The King of Sweden equipped, at the 
 fame time, a fleet at Carlicrona : this fleet, formed 
 by Guflavus III. but the expcnfe of which was 
 defrayed by France, was compofed of fliips on a 
 new conftrudion, commanded by excellent fea- 
 officers, with the brave and refpecftable Prince 
 Charks, Duke of Sudermania, the King's brother, 
 as Great Admiral, at their head •, and put to Tea 
 with a celerity equalled only by the ex'pedition 
 with which an army was raifcd at Stockholm, 
 and embarked on board fome galleys, that trani- 
 ported them to Finland. After having cruifed 
 two months in the Baltick, this fleet met with 
 three fhips of 100 guns each, and three RufTiart 
 
 frigates.
 
 f 5 J 
 
 frigates, under the command of vice-admiral 
 DefTin, from whom it required a falute, merely to 
 pick a quarrel j for the treaties mod clearly forbid 
 his doing any fuch thing. After having, however, 
 complied with the requeft, and prudently given 
 way to a force abundantly fuperior, they continued 
 their courfe for Copenhagen. They rould not 
 perfuade themfelves, in that capita], that the King 
 of Sweden would aftuaUy attack Ruflia, and dill 
 hoped the contrary. The confiderable fums which 
 that Prince had received from the Porte only led 
 them to conjedure, that the Swedilh fleet was 
 merely deftined to prevent that of RufTia at Cron- 
 ftadt from quitting the Baltick : but when our 
 Court was convinced thai the Swedifli armament 
 -was not intended merely for fliow, it made hi« 
 Majefty every amicable remonftrance, to prevent 
 his ftriking the firft blow. A Jetter from our 
 Prince-Royal to the King was penned in the moft 
 prelTing terms, moft affedionately entreating his 
 imcle "to defift from all ^thoughts of this nature. 
 I was at that time in Norway. The Prince-Royal 
 arrived in the camp at Frederickftadt on the 23d 
 of June ; and, three days after it broke up, we 
 learnt, by a courier, that the Swedilh army was 
 embarking at Stockholm, to crofs over to Finland. 
 The Prince, whom I had the honour to accom- 
 pany, arrived that fame day at Chriftiania, where 
 he received the ufual compliments, in the name 
 of the King of Sweden, on his arrival in Norway, 
 by lieutenant-general Duwal ; a gentleman ftill 
 piore diftinguilhed in his own country for his per- 
 
 B 3 fonal
 
 [ 6 ]- 
 
 fonal merit than by the office of Marfhal at the 
 laft Diet, of which he acquitted himielf to the 
 great fatisfadlion of the King and the whole Sv,^e- 
 difti nation. He was attended by M. Borgen- 
 ftierna, the King's aid-de-camp, and alfo gentle- 
 man and firft page of the bedchamber. It was 
 he who accompanied me, by the King's order, 
 from Helfingburg to Norway. General Duwal 
 was charged with a very important letter from 
 the King to the Prince-Royal, relative to the pre- 
 fent circumftanccs ; and, at the iame time, his 
 Majefty honoured me with one, thro' M. Borgen- 
 flierna, in which he exprefled himielf in the fol- 
 lowing terms : 
 
 " I adjure you, Sir, not to lofe a moment in 
 ** uniting Sweden and Denmark for ever. No 
 *' man is more equal to the tafk than you, nor 
 *' fees fo well the neccffity of it j and the more 
 " fo, as this inftant will decide either our entire 
 " union, or a lading enmity. In this critical mo- 
 *' ment, it is indifpenfably neceflary to choofe one 
 " o{ us for an ally. I fhould defpair, if forced 
 " to wage war with the Prince Royal, whom I 
 *' love, and with a nation which, during my ftay 
 " among them, has given me fo many marks of 
 *' its attachment. But I am not afraid of being 
 *' taken unawares. My army is fo conllituted, 
 " that I can, witliin a month's time, replace in 
 " Sweden all the troops I have led to Finland, 
 " and then it will be ftronger than any you can 
 « oppofe," &c. &c. 
 
 My
 
 r 7 ] 
 
 My anfwer (No. I.) proves that I did not difguife, 
 either to the King, to General Duwal, or to M. Bor- 
 genfticrna, my apprehenfions of the confequences of 
 his Majefty's determination. Not being in the mi- 
 niftry, I could impart my fentiments with the lefs 
 referve, which were thofe of an individual, but of 
 an individual attached to his Majefty, who de- 
 plored the miferies of a war, on the point of being 
 declared ; and ftill more wifhed to prevent it from 
 a pure regard for fo refpedled a fovereign, and a 
 nation which I loved, in gratitude for the civilities 
 jQiown me on my journey, and alfo for its having 
 been under the fceptre of my great uncle, King 
 Frederick the Firft, Landgrave of HefTe. 
 
 After this we departed for the review of the 
 camp atDrontheim, and returned by Roeraas and 
 Konsfvino-er to Chriftiania, where we ftill found 
 General Duwal and M. de Borgenftierna, who' 
 ftaid there till after our departure for Chriftian- 
 fand. From that city we reached Copenhagen in 
 two days. There they only waited for the Crown 
 Prince's return to give a categorical anfwer to the 
 Rufllan ambaffadour, refpedling the claim made 
 by hi^ Court of the fuccours flipulated by treaty. 
 This treaty, concluded in 1773, a year after the 
 King of Sweden had threatened us with an inva- 
 fion, as fudden as that he recently made in Fin- 
 land, was founded on a cefTion of ancient claims, 
 and on an exchange of the ducal part ot Hoiftein 
 for the duchy of Oldenbourg, and fecured us a 
 formidable fupport from Ruffia, in cafe of a new 
 attack. Woe to that Power, which, regardlefs and 
 B 4 pufilla-
 
 t 8 ] 
 
 pufillaninloufly forgetful of its ancient obligations,' 
 confuits only its prefent momentary convenience ! 
 The faithfully fulfilling one's engagements, never 
 deviating from truth, and fteadily affifting one's 
 allies, fo far as it can be done without our own 
 deftruftion, are the firft duties, not only of indi- 
 viduals, but alfo of nations. It would be falfe 
 policy not to abide by thefe rules j for who can 
 truft to Machiavelifm 1 
 
 The Prince- Royal did not hcfitate fupporting, 
 by his fufFrage, an unanimous opinion that the 
 compafts made with the King his father fhould 
 be obferved -, and the King gave his orders for 
 a corps only of auxiliaries to be formed in Den^ 
 mark. But, as the treaty had exprefsly ftipulated 
 that the troops ihould be left at the difpofal of 
 RufTia, the minifter of that Court infifted that 
 they Ihould march into Sweden from Norway. 
 
 On the 19th of Auguft I went from Copen- 
 hagen to Slefwick, having previoufly received his 
 Majefty's orders and full power. The Prince- 
 Royal, who joins to all the qualities which diftin- 
 guifh him as one of the firft men in Europe, that 
 of being born a true foldier, feifed the opportu- 
 nity of the march of the corps of auxiliaries to 
 make his firft campaign, as a voluntier. He had 
 prepared himfelf, at Copenhagen, to join the auxi-< 
 liaries aflembled in Sealand j but what little he 
 wanted in Norway, was fecretly ordered at Chrif- 
 tiania. His Royal Highnefs made but me and 
 two or three more his confidants, by apprifing us 
 of his rcfolution (o t^ke the field with us. He 
 2 wilhed
 
 [9 ] 
 
 wiftied to avoid the grief and remonftrances of an 
 affedlionate family, and of many other perfon^, 
 who would regard the State as expofed to the 
 greateft misfortune by his expofing himfelf. The 
 fecret was extremely well kept. A thoufand dif- 
 ferent conjedlures and reports were propagated, 
 when the Prince went to Slefwick ; from whence, 
 after a fpeedy journey thro' Jutland, we embarked 
 on board a man of war, previoufly fent to Flad- 
 ftrand, which carried us in twenty-four hours to 
 Fricderickfhaven in Norway. 
 
 I there found coUeded the naval force which 
 had been entrufted to my command, viz. three, of 
 the fix, line of battle fhips, ceded to Ruflia, one 
 of which was a 74 gun (hip, two of 64, and three 
 frigates ; befides a fmall fleet of ten galleys and 
 twelve floops, or fkier.baades, which were then 
 equipping in that harbour. ^ We (laid there but 
 two days, which time I /Cn^pk>yed in giving the 
 neceflary orders to the navj^^and in viflualling the 
 fleet as well as poffible. ...J^his^^Quld not be done 
 at Copenhagen, the Ihips . h^^vin'^, received their 
 inftrudlions fealed up, in order to KC<;p their delli- 
 nation a fecret. The orders delivered to Rear- 
 Admiral Ahrenfeld, and 10 the Captains, were, 
 *' To hoift Ruffian colours on the bovv-fprit, on 
 •* the 24th of September, and to commence hof- 
 •* tilities from that day with the Svvedifh navy." 
 To thefe I added, however, in the prefence and 
 >yith the gracious approbation of the Prince-Royal, 
 who condefcended to be always prefent at all the 
 reports made to me, and at all the orders I gave, 
 
 " That
 
 [ lO ] 
 
 ** That they Ihould neither feife nor any ways mo- 
 " left: the Swedifh merchant-fhips, nor difturb the 
 " commerce of that nation." I fully remember 
 that, on this occafion, the Prince-Royal once inter- 
 pofed, and afked the Officers, " If they thorough- 
 " ly underftood the order I gave them ?" and 
 then repeated it with the utmoft: precifion. 
 
 On the 1 2th of September we went to Chrif- 
 tiania, where we remained five days. All the ar- 
 rangements for provifioning the army were there 
 made. I there appointed, for that purpofe, a 
 commiflion of three of the King's mod diftin- 
 guifhed fervants in that country ; the Grand Bailiff 
 znd Privy Counfellor Scheel •, Major General 
 Wakenitz, Deputy to the College General ; and 
 Mr. Willufnfen, Prefident of the City of Chriftia- 
 nia. The necefTary forage, corn, and other pro- 
 vifions for the different forcined places of Syden- 
 jiels, were collected with the utmofl fpeed. A 
 jBxed number of boats were procured, and laden 
 with forage and provifions at Friedrickftadt, from 
 whence they were to proceed along the coaft of 
 Bahuflehn, under the protection of the flotilla. 
 A great quantity of bifcuit was alfo fent, by wheel- 
 carriages, to Kongfvinger ; from whence a body 
 of troops, of four battalions and two fquadrons, 
 were to penetrate into Sweden, and diredl their 
 march, as circumftances might offer, either to 
 Amai or to Carltladt. But the fecret of this ex- 
 pedition was divulged, and I changed my deflina- 
 tion of that corps on the fpot. 
 
 From
 
 t " ] 
 
 From the moment in which it was decided at Co- 
 penhagen that the Norwegian troops fhould march, 
 I defpatched a courier on the yth of Auguft to 
 Friedrichlbcrg, where the Court then was, to fend 
 orders to the General College at Chriftiania to af- 
 femble the different regiments, which were defigned 
 to march, at their relpedlive places of exercife ; 
 and, on arriving at Chriftiania, the laft: orders to 
 put themfelves in motion were fe;it off. 
 
 As the corps of auxiliaries was to confift of no 
 more than twelve thoufand men, and I had the 
 moft exprefs orders to do all I could for the fervicc 
 of her Majerty the Emprcfs of RufTia, without in 
 the leaft: exceeding the meafures mutually agreed 
 on, to avoid giving the Swedes any jufl pretext 
 for declaring war againft us ; 1 took from each re- 
 giment of foot in Norway but one battalion, and 
 the two companies of grenadiers, and alfo reduced 
 every company to 120 men only. The fecond 
 battalions were appointed to garrifon the forts; 
 The dragoons were likewife limited to 120 men 
 each fquadron. So that the whole corps, ordered 
 to march on this expedition, was compofed only 
 of the following troops, viz. 
 
 4 Squadrons of the Aggerfhuus dragoons. 
 
 4 ' - ' ' •■ '■ of Opland. 
 
 4 ■ of Smaalehn. 
 
 12 Squadrons of 1440 men. 
 
 2 Batta-
 
 [.I* 3 
 
 1 Battalions of Sydenfiels - - - • 960 
 J - - _ - Sydenfiels grenadiers- - 480 
 
 2 - - - - Nordenfiels - -' - - 960 
 J . . . . Nordenfiels grenadiers - .^80 
 I - - - - Aggerihuus - - - - 480 
 J - - - - the 2d Smaalehn - - 480 
 J - - - - Aggerfliuus grenadiers, 7 ^ 
 
 and of the 2d Smaalehn 3 ^ 
 
 1 - - - - ift Opland - - - - 480 
 
 J . - _ _ 2d Opland - - - - 480 
 
 I - » - - ift and 2d Opland grenadiers 480 
 
 J - - - - ift and 2d Bergenhuus 7 o 
 
 grenadiers - - - - J '^ 
 J w • m - Grenadiers, raifed at "j 
 
 Bergen, and of the 2d v 48Q 
 Wefterlehn - - - J 
 I .^ - • - Chriftianfand grenadiers, - 
 
 andoftheiftWefterlehn} "^^^ 
 
 15 Battalions, at 480 men each, are - - 7200 
 I Battalion of Skielober, -of - - 300 
 
 16 Battalions ------ or 7500 
 
 J 2 Squadrons ------ or 1440 
 
 I Corps of hunters - - - - of 60Q 
 
 Total 9540 
 
 Four battalions, each of 480 men, i. e. one of 
 
 the firft and one of the fecond battalion of the 
 
 Bergenhuus regiment, one of the firft and one of 
 
 the fecond regiment of Wefterlehn, in all 1920 
 
 mefi.
 
 [ h 1 
 
 mertj were appointed to man the flotilla 5 but cori- 
 trary winds retarding the arrival of the troops 
 from Bergen till the latter end of Odtober, the 
 grenadiers only arrived in proper time, and a part 
 of the floops and galleys therefore remained at 
 Friederichfvaern to wait for them. 
 
 Lieutenant-General Krogh, Commandant-Gene- 
 ral of the province of Nordenfiels, received or- 
 ders at the fame time to march into Sydenfiels 
 with a corps of fix battalions, compofed of the 
 fingle one of Skielober, two fquadrons, and a 
 company of hunters. The Skielober battalion 
 was to penetrate into Jemptelande, and there make 
 a diverfion, giving out that they were to be fol- 
 lowed by the whole corps. If Sweden declared 
 war againft us, this corps was either to join me, 
 or to cover the frontiers of Norway ; but it was 
 not able to reach its deftination before the begin- 
 ning of November, on account of the greac 
 diftance. 
 
 After having arranged every thing for the 
 march of the army, during the three days we re- 
 mained at Chriftiania, we pafled thro' Friederich- 
 Ihald to Fricderichftadt, where we arrived in the 
 evening of the 19th. All the troops, which had 
 put themfelves in motion fince our arrival in Nor- 
 way, pafled the river Glommen, at a fmall diftance 
 from the town, in order to approach the frontiers 
 of Sweden. Moft: of them were there fupplied 
 with their horfes, ammunition, and artillery 5 and 
 the greateft: part of the horfes and drivers were 
 alfo appointed for the conveyance of the ordnance. 
 
 The
 
 t H ] 
 
 The precipitation vvitli which fuch a quantity of 
 furniture and fupplies were at the fame time re- 
 ceived, and delivered, can hardly be conceived ! 
 
 But I had promiled to fall upon Sweden by the 
 24th, and no confideration whatever could hinder 
 me from keeping my word. All the General 
 Officers and Chiefs of Brigades were there af- 
 fembled, with Admiral Ahrenfeldt, to receive his 
 Jaft orders. But he fet off again in a fit of ill- 
 nefs, which never left him during the whole time 
 of the expedition of the flotilla under his com- 
 mand, and died in a few days after having (truck 
 his flag. To his bad flate of health alone we 
 may attribute the ill fuccefs of this flotilla, the 
 Admiral having had a number of excellent officers 
 under him, inflamed with zeal and a defire to 
 diftinguifli themfelves : but he kept them always 
 neiar him, in fpite of their repeated daily remon- 
 ftrances ; and, opprefTcd with his own fufferings, 
 continually detained them in fome fmall port or 
 other, from which he neither could nor would get 
 away, notwithftanding the moil preffing orders. 
 
 My cares for the march of the army never let 
 mc lofe fight of the firfl: duties of humanity ; for, 
 befides the moft: ftrid: orders refpedling our dlfci- 
 pline in Sweden, which were not only given, but 
 1 may venture to fay followed, with an exa£tnefs 
 almoft: incredible, and certainly feldom to be met 
 with, I alio caufed the annexed manifefl:o. No. II. 
 to be publiflied in Norway, to prevent any irre- 
 gular irruptions of parties, or of the people, 
 without authority, which, having been encouraged 
 
 in
 
 [ '5 ] 
 
 in former wars, I was afraid of feeing revived oti 
 this occafion. I fhould not have mentioned fuch 
 natural and indilpenfable precautions, if his Swc- 
 difh Majefty's declaration, of which I fhall fpeak 
 hereafter, had not reprefented me, and the troops 
 under my command, in a quite different light : 
 but I think it neceffary to prove, that nothing was 
 omitted on my part to prevent, as much as pof- 
 fible, the depredations and exactions fo common in 
 time of war, and lo hateful to any man of the 
 lead feeling. Are not the calamities of war 
 great enough in themfelves, to induce us to ufc 
 every means to foften its horrors ? It is much 
 cafier to prevent them at the head of a national 
 army, compofed moftly of peafants, embodied in 
 regiments, than of an army raifed and compofed 
 as moil armies are ! But even this Norwegian 
 nation, fo honeft, docile, and patient, and nothing 
 lefs than vicious, would foon have been debauched, 
 if we had flackened the reins to the foldiers in an 
 enemy's country, and I fhould have brought home 
 the feeds of vice and corruption with the army. 
 Let me here add this one refiedlion, that cruelties 
 might be committed under the eye of the moft 
 refpeftable young warrior, our beloved and auguft 
 Prince -Royal ; and who then, in my place, would 
 not, and ought not, to have thought as I did ? 
 Pardon me for this digrefllon ; it being the only 
 excufe for not having followed the common rule 
 of levying contributions in an enemy's country, to 
 defray the charges of the expedition. The fequel 
 will explain my meaning. 
 
 The
 
 C i6 ] 
 
 The laft Intelligence I received from Sweden,^ 
 on the 2ift of September, at Friederichftadt, re- 
 ported, " That it was not known for certain where 
 *' the King was j but he was fuppofed to be in 
 •' Dalecarlia : that a body of troops, of about 
 " five thoufand four hundred men, under the 
 ** conimand of General Hierta, were gathering 
 " together at Wennerfburg; of which a detach- 
 *' ment of one thoufand men, with ten field- 
 " pieces, under the command of Colonel Trane- 
 •' feld, had orders to occupy Svinefund and the 
 " frontiers, and would arrive the 2 2d in the envi- 
 «' rons of Stroemftadt." 
 
 On the fame day, in the evening, I gave my 
 laft inftru(5lions to the Generals. Four fquadrons 
 of dragoons, under Major-General During, who 
 commanded the cavalry of the auxiliaries, three 
 brigades under the Generals HefTelberg and 
 Mannfbach, and Colonel Strieker with the light 
 artillery, formed the firft column. The fecond, 
 under Count Schmcttau, was compofed of four 
 fquadrons of dragoons, three battalions, and a 
 corps of hunters, and were to pafs the Svinefund, 
 The baggage, under a convoy of two battalions, 
 was to follow, as foon as a bridge of boats fhould 
 be thrown over. The reft of the troops, viz. 
 four fquadrons and two battalions, were partly at 
 Kongfvinger, and partly on their march to follow 
 the army. The whole were to fet off on the 23d 
 in the evening, and enter Sweden the next morn- 
 ing, with the heads of each column, the firft of 
 which I conducted myfeif. His Royal Highnefs 
 
 and
 
 [ I? ) 
 
 and I fet off from Friederichftadt, and pufhed dh 
 by that town as far as Ide, on the left fliore of the 
 Idefiord. The next morning early we moved forward 
 with our column, pafling the mountains and de- 
 files through luch difficult ways, that the like 
 perhaps are no where to be found, except in Nor- 
 way and Switzerland ; and at fix in the morning 
 we found ourfelves at the point of Orebacka, on 
 the Idefiord, where that bay is narrowed, and the 
 oppofite fliore, which is Swedifli, but five or fijC 
 hundred paces diftant. The place for difem- 
 barking is called Krogftrand. 
 
 The moment we arrived there we faw General 
 Manfbach landing with his (Sydenfiels) regiment. 
 Though he left Friederichftiald at eleven o'clock 
 at night, in twenty- nine boats, which 1 had fe- 
 cretly provided before- hand, yet he was not able 
 to arrive fooner, on account of his having met 
 with a dreadful ftorm. The boats went to Ore- 
 backa, and were all that day and the night, and 
 day following, wholly taken up in carrying the 
 troops over to Krogftrand, the violence of the 
 wind retarding the paflage extremely. We were 
 obliged to remain there all night; and it was not 
 till ten in the morning that I was able to put my- 
 felf in motioo with a company of hunters, four 
 battalions, and four fquadrons, on the road to 
 Stroemftad. 
 
 Other obftacles retarded the march of the 
 
 other column to Svinefund; which gave Colonel 
 
 Tranefeld time to be informed of my having 
 
 entered Sweden at Krogftrand, and to fall back 
 
 C from
 
 t •» ] 
 
 from the neighbourhood of Svincfund, as far aS 
 the Weftland bridge, where I found him on the 
 25th, in the afternoon. In my march I detached 
 a battalion on my right towards the great road, 
 leading to Svinefund, to fupport the other co- 
 lumn and fecure my march thither. 
 
 I was in hopes that I fhould cut off the re- 
 treat of the Swedilh troops ; and block up the 
 openings of the paffage towards Svinefund, on 
 the Swedifh fide, before they could get away ; by 
 having them thus hemmed in between the two 
 columns. But the delays at Krogftrand, and the 
 bad roads made me lofe more than twenty four 
 hours. Finding the Swedes at lad behind the 
 Weftland bridge, I at firft endeavoured to turn 
 their right, and thus cut off their retreat. When 
 I was nearly oppofite to the enemy's corps, I 
 found a broken bridge, which we immediately 
 fet about repairing. 
 
 A Swedifh officer, attended by a drummer, 
 came and defired to fpeak to me, in the name of 
 Colonel Tranefeld, to know my intentions. I 
 told him the.manifefto (N*. 3) of which I grave 
 him a copy, contained all I had to fay to him. 
 The bridge being now finiihed, I paffed over it 
 with all the fpeed 1 could •, and rook poft at 
 about fourteen or fifteen hundred paces from the 
 Swedifh corps •, covering with fome rocks my 
 troops, who were now all ready and impatient 
 for orders to begin the attack. 
 
 I then erefted a battery on a rock nearer the 
 
 enemy : when I was again complimented by a 
 
 6 Captaif>
 
 [ '9 ] 
 Captain of the artillery; who alfo came with a 
 drummer from Colonel Tranefeld, to demand an 
 explanation of my manefefto: To which I an- 
 fwered : that " His Danifti Majefty was not at war 
 with his Swedifli Majefty. But being obliged by 
 his alliance with the Emprefs of Ruflia, to furnilh 
 her a body of auxiliary troops; I was, to my 
 great regret, under the neceflity of making war 
 with the Swedifh forces wherever I met them; 
 that it was Hill at Colonel Tranefeld's option to 
 retreat, if he thought proper; but I fhould foon 
 march up to him." 1 thought it neceflary, how- 
 ever, to fend a perfon of confidence to explain to 
 him thefe circumftances more minutely. And for 
 this purpofe fent the Aid de camp, General Hex- 
 thaufen, who attended the Swedifli Captain in 
 his return. 
 
 I diredled the hunters to take pofTelTion of a 
 rock fronting the enemy's right wing ; and or- 
 dered two battalions and one fquadron to proceed 
 round the rock, and fet up fome pieces of ord- 
 nance, fo as to take the right flank en echarpe. 
 In the moment I was explaining myfelf with this 
 Swedifh Officer, a kind of hurricane, attended 
 with thunder, lightening, hail, and a heavy fliower 
 of rain which wetted us all to the fkin, put a ftop 
 to our attack. All our arms were wet, which 
 obliged us to allow the troops time to recharge, 
 after having dryed and put the firelocks in order. 
 
 I availed myfelf of this interval, to reconnoitre 
 
 the borders of the rivulet on the right wing of 
 
 the Swedes, the bridge of which they had de- 
 
 C 2 ftroyed.
 
 t 20 ] 
 
 ftroyed. I faw a troop of hunters at fomc 
 diftance from the oppofite fhore, and an officer 
 approaching and calling out to me, *• Good 
 *• friend I" I bade him come nearer, and afked 
 him where Colonel Tranefcld was ? aJding that 
 I fhould be glad to fee him before I began. 
 
 The Ci lonel came ; and the Prince Royal being 
 with me, he afked leave to crofs the rivulet to 
 pay him his refpeds, which I with pleafure agreed 
 to. He accordingly crofTed over in a fmall boat, 
 and we talked fome minutes with him. He ex- 
 cufed his not having it in his power to retreat, 
 being an honeft man and a foldier ; I replied, 
 that I was forry circumftances forced me to fight 
 with fuch brave men. After a few further civili- 
 ties on both fides, I was fo fenfibly ftruck with 
 the idea: that at the very moment perhaps of 
 our feparating, the hunters, who had already 
 prefented their arms, might, in all probability, kill 
 and wound a hundred men of that fmall corps, 
 and my field pieces deftroy the reft ; that when 
 Colonel Tranefeld faid he could have wilhed the 
 two nations, which had fo long been good friends, 
 might remain fo for ever, I haftily anfvvered him, 
 " Well then, we will ftill be fuch for this night!** 
 But on his enquiring whether it might not be 
 poffible to remain fo a week longer : 1 gave a 
 decifive refufalj- faying, farewel till to morrow 
 morning. 
 
 Upon this I ordered the troops to their quar- 
 ters -, leaving General Manfbach, with two batta- 
 lions in the vicinity j and fixed our head-quarters 
 4 near
 
 t 21 ] 
 
 near the church of Skie, in the parfonage hoiifc^ 
 where we found two battalions of Nordenfiels> 
 which had followed us from Krogftrand. 
 
 The next morning one of General Hierta*s 
 Aids de Camp, and two other Swedilh officers 
 were announced ; who begged me in the name of 
 Colonel Tranefeld, to allow him five days longer, 
 to obtain frefh orders from General Hierta. On 
 enquiring where he was, they replied, with the 
 army under his command at Wennerfburg. After 
 prefenting them to his Royal Highnefs, by whom 
 they were very graciouQy received, the gentlemen 
 departed with a negative; which was the more 
 natural, as their propofal could have no other 
 view but to gain time. I then concluded that I 
 could not pu(h my point too expeditioufly, be- 
 fore General Hierta's corps reinforced Colonel 
 Tranefeld's, which had already began to move 
 back in the night. Befides it was my plan to 
 occupy Stromftad, in order to rejoin myfelf in 
 that neighbourhood to the fecond column, and 
 there wait the arrival of the baggage, artillery, 
 and magazines, which were to debark at Stromftad, 
 under convoy of the flotilla. My whole force being 
 thus afTembled, I might have a6ted forcibly 
 againft the fix thoufand men ; which, agreeably to 
 my intelligence, formed the Swedilh cjrps. But 
 on confidering circumftances, I thought it my duty 
 to change my mealures, not doubting but by 
 a quick march of the vanguard, I ftiould get pof- 
 feflion of the leveral defiles, which at a later time 
 would coft many lives and much time to carry. I 
 
 C 3 fent
 
 [ " ] 
 
 fcnt therefore biU one battalion to occupy Strom- 
 ftad, where no garrifon was left ; and defpatched 
 the neceflary orders to the other brigades to follow 
 jne, and canton as faft as poflible. In the mean 
 time, I pafled the Weftland with the van, con- 
 fifting of three battalions, four fquadrons, and a 
 company of hunters, by means of a bridge, which 
 General Manfbach had conftru(51:ed in the night- 
 time. That day we marched to Kragenaes, a 
 houfe fituated on a bay, not far ftom the Skillery 
 poft-houfe. There we were joined by the firfl: 
 eight pieces of light artillery, under Captain 
 .Bielfeld, which had been landed at Krogftrand. 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Oldenburg, whom I made 
 choice of to quiet the principal inhabitants of 
 Stromftad, whom he perfedly well knew on account 
 of their vicinity to Fredricfliall, took that town in 
 the greatcfl: order. A confiderable magazine be- 
 longing to the crown was found in the great 
 brewery before the town. I was daily followed 
 by waggon loads of bread and brandy, taken 
 from this magazine, which I diftributed among the 
 troops that chiefly wanted themj the covered 
 waggons belonging to the regiments being ftill 
 behind with their ladings. 
 
 We advanced cantoning in the following order: 
 A battalion or two were cantoned before the head- 
 quarters i and the hunters fometimes guarded the 
 flanks of the column, at others the heads, as exi- 
 gencies required. 1 fay the column, becaufe we 
 were under a kind of necelTity of cantoning in that 
 form 1 the^e being all along that parage nons 
 
 but
 
 [ n ] 
 
 but draggling houfes bordering on, or near the 
 main road; which were occupied by the troops 
 whenever they made a halt. The brigades regu- 
 lated themlelves in the fame manner as the van- 
 guard ; by which the corps of courfe formed a 
 kind of cantoning file, extendins; feveral leagues. 
 
 The harveft being jufl finifhed, we found bread 
 and forage among the peafants ; paying for the 
 former in ready money, and for the latter, by bills 
 on the commillaries ; who difcharged them at fight. 
 Cattle were alfo bought, being found in herds at 
 every ftep. But before the officers and foldiers 
 were accuftomed to this kind of living, they were 
 near (larving in the midft of plenty. I faw the 
 dragoons return empty from the houfes to which 
 they were fent to procure themfelves provifions 
 and forage; becaufe, as they faid, they were 
 abandoned by their poiTefTors. They carried this 
 moderation fo far, as even to refrain from eating 
 what they found ready drefl^ed on the table, for 
 fear of committing a theft ! fuch was the behaviour 
 of thofe brave people during their flay in Sweden ; 
 and I never heard more than two or three com- 
 plaints of pillaging, which the generofity of the 
 Prince-Royal redrefled on the fpor, fatisfying the 
 owners to the full of their pretenfions. 
 
 On the 25th, we marched from Kragenaas to 
 Tanum, where I was informed Colonel Tranefeld 
 had been the day before, and that mod probably 
 the whole Swedifh corps would be reunited at 
 Quidrum ; a pofition, I knew the Swedes looked 
 upon as a very drong one, and of which for that 
 
 C 4 reafon
 
 [ 24 ] 
 
 reafon I had procured a very exadb plan fifteen years 
 ago. 
 
 We continued our march the next day •, a com- 
 pany of hunters formed the van, followed by 
 four Iquadrons of horfe, eight pieces of light ord- 
 nance, and three battalions of infantry. On the 
 road I received a confirmation of the Swedes beiag 
 ftrongly encamped near Quiftrum ; but that their 
 bridge was not yet demolifhed. Upon this in- 
 telligence, I continued my march with the dragoons 
 and eight field-pieces-, ordering the hunters and 
 the infantry which were halting at Swarteburg, 
 to follow me as expeditioufly as poffibly. 
 
 Half a league from Qiiiftrum, I met with 
 feveral gentlemen of the country •, among whom 
 was Baron Funk, Lieutenant- Colonel of the 
 Bahuflehn regiment of dragoons; who recom- 
 mended their eftates and pofieflions to my protec- 
 tion. Lieutenant-Colonel Funk was not then in 
 adual fervice ; his whole regiment lying difperfed 
 in the different forts of War berg, Elfburg, Marf- 
 trand, &c. I continued my route converfing with 
 him, and marching at the head of my dragoons ; 
 I faw an advanced pod of the enemv -, which I 
 found to be feme hunters on horfeback, wlio re- 
 treated as we drew towards them. 
 
 We now reached the bridge. Where I ordered 
 one half of the dragoons, to difmount, and placed 
 the eight cannons, four on each fide the bridge. 
 I then pafTed it myfelf ; preceded by four dra- 
 goons and dill converfing with Lieureiiant-Colonel 
 Funk, and thus took poffcflion of the bridge. 
 
 The
 
 [ 25 ] 
 
 The enemy occupied the oppofite fide of the river 
 Quiftrum, five or fix hundred yards to the right. 
 On the main road, leading to their pod, they 
 had thrown up fome retrenchments, which were 
 not quite finifhed. . A very elevated mountain, 
 or rather perpendicular rock, between which and 
 the river, the main road ferpentized ; with ano- 
 ther mountain equally high on this fide the bridge ; 
 formed together a valley of fix or feven hundred 
 paces broad -, and on this fide the river, was a 
 fmall plain, of about five or fix hundred yards, 
 gradually afcending towards the mountain. The 
 Swedifh camp was ftretched out on the other fide 
 on a level ground, where the rock turns off from 
 the river, which at a fmall diftance from thence 
 difembogues itfclf in the Tea. A pretty deep ra- 
 vine which was traverfed by the road, with a fmall 
 bridge over it, covered the rear of the Swedifli 
 camp i which we fuppofed might contain eight or 
 nine hundred men. 1 left General During with 
 the dragoons, and General Manfbach, with a bat- 
 talion of grenadiers to guard the bridge ; ordered 
 a company of hunters to pafs it ; and then fixed 
 our head-quarters in Broeland, at the feat of 
 Colonel Funk, who accompanied us thither. 
 
 I own I was very glad, to find myfelf in pof- 
 fefiion of this bridge-, and occupying part of a defile, 
 which before I had imagined to be much ftronger 
 than I adtually found it, after 1 had now recon- 
 noitred it. In a fit of gaiety, on arriving at Broe- 
 land, I exprefied awifh to Lieutenant- Colonel Funk 
 of having the good Colonel Tranefeld's company 
 
 with
 
 [ 26 ] 
 
 with us at fupper ; he faid he would fend for him if 
 I pleafed ; which he did; and Colonel Tranefeld re- 
 turned for anfwer *' it was not in his power to come 
 that evening; but he would wait on us to dinner the 
 next day.'* This I took for only a fubterfuge ; 
 thinking he would therebyperhaps mafkhis retreat in 
 the night, and was not a little furprifed when General 
 Manfbach reported to me the next morning, that 
 the Swedes were dill in the fame pofition; and 
 foon after I received intelligence of a reinforcement 
 being conftantly expe6led fromWennerfburg. Ge- 
 neral Manfbach remitted me alfo feme papers found 
 in the inn at Quiftrum ; where Colonel Tranefeld 
 was cantoned, before I took poffeffion of the 
 bridge near it. Among the reft, was a letter from 
 Lieutenant-General Charles Hierta, enjoining him 
 him by all means to maintain his poft at Quiftrum, 
 and giving him hopes of fome fpeedy reinforce- 
 ments. He there called the Norwegians Field- 
 neve, or Rock-foxes : a title, which we endeavoured 
 to merit, by that very day climbing up the rocks 
 that fupported the enemy's retrenchments. 
 
 Colonel Tranefeld a(5lually arrived a little be- 
 fore we fate down to dinner. We law him only 
 in publick. Nor can I help attributing his refo- 
 lution of" coming to our head-quarters, to any 
 thing but to a hope of thereby delaying our opera- 
 tions and gaining time to receive his reinforcements. 
 At three in the afternoon, the troops were put in 
 march, as I was unwilling to delay my attack till the 
 next day ; although we fhould then have been 
 reinforced with five battalions and four fquadrons, 
 
 befide*
 
 I 27 ] 
 befides twelve pieces of artillery ; for being igno- 
 rant of the true ftrength of the corps at Wennerf- 
 burg, and of what reinforcement Colonel Trane- 
 feld might obtain, I did not hefitate beginning the 
 attack with what troops I had. 
 
 My difpofition was as follows : The tw© batta- 
 lions, one of which was, grenadiers, under the 
 command of General Manfbach, marched over the 
 bridge at Quiftrum, and climbed up the rock over 
 againft us, by a foot-path a little to the left of 
 the bridge. They were headed by a company of 
 hunters, whom I had ordered over the bridge the 
 evening before, and had taken poll on the moun- 
 tain oppofite the enemy's hunters, who were con- 
 cealed behind the bufhes, but dilappeared on the 
 approach of General Manfbach, who gained the 
 heights; and always continuing the fame path, 
 turned quite round the enemy, and defcended to 
 the main road. The company of hunters remained 
 on the top of the mountains, and the battalion of 
 grenadiers marched up to the enemy -, while the 
 fccond battalion kept back, polled behind a ftone 
 wall along the main road, to fupport the gre- 
 nadiers, and prevent the approach of any fuccours. 
 
 "We got on horfeback at Broeland, foon after 
 dinner. The moment we rofe from table, an Aid 
 de camp, the fon of General Hierta, was intro- 
 duced to me with compliments from his father. 
 He went round the table, and whifpered fome 
 words in Colonel Tranefeld's ear, with which he 
 feemed much pleafed. I foon after went up to him, 
 bid him farewell, and thanked him for thepleafure of 
 
 his
 
 [ =8 ] 
 
 his company at dinner : But the idea of the impend- 
 ing fcene prefented itfelf fo forcibly to my mind, 
 that I could not help faying to him : ** Would to 
 God, my dear Colonel, you had withdrawn laft 
 night with your troops.'* His reply was : " I 
 had my orders, and I mufl: obey them, as becomes 
 a good foldier." He then departed with Lieute- 
 nant Hierta. 
 
 Mean while, all being got ready, the Prince- 
 Royal quieted his room, to mount his horfe : But 
 in lefs than ten minutes after the two gentlemen*s 
 departure. Lieutenant Hierta returned full gallop; 
 alighted, and precipitately entering the hall, where 
 I was alone with the Prince, faid, he muft abfo- 
 lutely fpeak to me. I gave him to underftand, 
 that he had had full leifure to do it before -, 
 he periifted however, and drawing me afide, faid ; 
 General Hierta, his father, was jufl: on the point 
 of arriving, charged with compliments from his 
 Swedifh Majefty to the Prince-Royal, and entreated 
 me to wait his arrival. — 1 replied that it was im- 
 pofliblej as we were that very moment going to 
 march, and the Prince ready to get on horfeback. 
 Upon this he fet out again, and we followed him 
 very clofe, to gain the Qiiifhrum bridge, where, 
 on our arrival, we again faw General Manfbach's 
 two battalions climbing the rock. 
 
 As Colonel Tranefeld was pa;Ting the bridge, 
 at his return from Broeland, he there found this 
 General at the head of his army. He afked him : 
 Where are you going my General. He replied : 
 *' I am going to reconnoitre yonder eminences : 
 I but
 
 [ ^9 ] 
 
 « but whither are you a-going ? Were I in your 
 « place, I would retreat." — " No," returned the 
 Colonel, " I will defend my poft, as a good fol- 
 ** dier." To which the other rejoined, ** Were 
 *' you Turenne himfelf, you might at this mo- 
 " ment retire with a fafe confcience." 
 
 We perceived bufy movements in the Swedifh 
 camp : the whole infantry countermarched, and 
 made front towards Uddewalla, covering them- 
 felvcs with the hollow-way, againft the troops they 
 expected to fall on their rear. They had a couple 
 of cannon with them, and the others were placed 
 in the intrenchments between the rock and the 
 river. This intrenchment was defended by an. 
 epaulement along the river, behind which they 
 had mounted their guns, except two, which fwepc 
 the main road leading from the bridge to the 
 intrenchment. 
 
 We had eight pieces of artillery, one pounders, 
 carried by the horfes, and fix more of the fame 
 calibre belonging to the three battalions. I had 
 placed them fo as to ftrike direftly againft the 
 epaulement, which had the perpendicular rock in 
 its rear ; fo that this battery enfiladed the two 
 cannons which fwept the main road, and every 
 ball ftriking againft the rock, rebounded upon the 
 battery of the enemy. Two of thefe field-pieces 
 were mounted on the top of the mountain, firing 
 over our own battery down upon that of the ene- 
 my. The dragoons, under the command ot Ge- 
 neral During, were pofted on this fide the bridge, 
 in a divided column. The third battalion was 
 
 fepa-
 
 C 3° ] 
 
 feparated into fcveral piquets, to cover the bat- 
 teries and a little wood on the eminence, where 
 the piquets were fupported by fome huflars. 
 
 Thefe difpoficions being made, I fent Colonel 
 Tranefeld a fummons to furrender himfelf pri- 
 foner of war, he being entirely furrounded j but 
 in that very moment an officer came out of the 
 enemy's intrenchment with a drummer, to an- 
 nounce the arrival of Lieutenant- General Hierta, 
 who begged leave to fpeak with the Prince-Royal. 
 I pafs over in filence feveral meflages which pafled 
 backwards and forwards, with no other view but 
 for the Swedes to gain time : but night approach- 
 ing, no further delays could be granted. Colonel 
 Tranefeld gave for anfwer, That he would, as in 
 duty bound, defend himfelf when attacked •, but 
 if I chofe, he would retreat. I was, therefore, 
 obliged to beo;in the attack ; and the cannonade, 
 the firft Ihot of which was anfwered by the Swedilh 
 battery, grew very brifk on both fides. 
 
 The Prince-Royal went with me, and the whole 
 head-quarters, to the back eminence, a little to 
 the left of the battery. The quantity of balls, 
 which moftly palTed over our heads, feemed to be 
 purpofely diredled againft us. In the mean time 
 General Manfbach, on his fide, fell upon the 
 enemy in platoons, and began firing, who charged 
 him very regularly on his approach, both with 
 cannon and muflcetry, A waggon, laden with 
 ammunition, took fire, and blew up in the Swe- 
 difh intrenchments. I then perceived that all the 
 cnemy*s cannon were now turned towards our bat- 
 tery.
 
 [ 31 ] 
 
 tcry, and no longer fwept the main read. This 
 made me fend orders to General During to attack 
 with the dragoons. They accordingly pafled the 
 bridge •, but the moment their firft divifion arrived 
 before the intrenchment, and were ready to take 
 it, I heard them beat a parley ; upon which I im- 
 mediately ordered the trumpet to found, and the 
 firing ceafed. I went firft to the Swedifli intrench- 
 ment, and learnt by the way that the whole corps 
 furrendered at difcretion. I then repaired to the 
 inn at Quiftrum, where all the captived officers 
 furrendered themfelves. The Prince-Royal came 
 foon after, and I ordered every officer's fword to 
 be returned ; afTuring them, " They had loft 
 " nothing by leaving their deftiny to my difcre- 
 " tion." General Hierta came likewife, pretend- 
 ing to be charged by the King his Mafter with 
 compliments to his Royal Highnefs, without how- 
 ever delivering any letter. It was neverthelefs fuf- 
 ficient for the Prince to order me to tell the Ge- 
 neral, that he Ihould not be confidered as a pri- 
 foner, out of refpeft to the compliments he was 
 charged with from his Swedifh Majefty. 
 
 Having charged General Manft)ach with the 
 care and guard of the prifoners, we went to Fofs, 
 a church and parfonage-houfe one quarter of a 
 league diftant from Quiftrum, where we fixed our 
 head-quarters. 
 
 From the particulars I have been able to col- 
 left of this affair, the parley was founded by 
 General Hierta's order ; firft in the intrenchment, 
 the moment the dragoons were on the point of 
 
 carry-
 
 [ 3^ ] 
 
 carrying it, and immediately after on General 
 Manfbach*s fide. Colonel Tranefeld ran and de- 
 manded to know what was the matter; but finding 
 it the General's order, he fubmicted *. 
 
 I muft not omit mentioning a gallant adion of 
 the Norwegian dragoons. In the midfl: of their 
 ardour to enter the intrenchment, they ftopt on 
 the firft order, which faved the lives of the whole 
 enemy's troop ; who, being taken in the rear, 
 could not fail of being mafTacred. Let me add, 
 that this intrenchment would, in all probability, 
 have been put the next day in a far better ftate of 
 defence, lb that we had no moment to lofe. For 
 the reft, I muft do all imaginable juftice to the 
 good fpirit and bravery of the Swedes : their bat- 
 tery was very well ferved, and continued firing 
 "with the fame order as before, when the ammuni- 
 tion waggon was blown up, though it wounded 
 many of their people. Their infantry fired as if 
 at the place of exercife. In ftiort, I think they 
 did all that could be expeded from brave men. 
 
 The next morning Colonel Tranefeld brought 
 me at Fofs a lift of his troop, of which he affured 
 me there were but five killed, though many 
 wounded : they, however, buried feventeen the 
 next morning, and there were about fifty wounded. 
 Our lofs confifted of five men killed, and fifteen 
 wounded ; befides M. Tellequift, a young officer, 
 
 * In Mr. Tranefeld's Report, printed in the Ads of the 
 Council of War held on the Quiftrum affair, he owns himfelf 
 to have felt the impoffibility, or inutility, of a further re- 
 fiftance,, 
 
 who
 
 [ a 1 
 
 who behaved exceeding well during the a6llon, 
 in commanding the guns of the Nordenfiels regi- 
 ment, and died a few days after of his wounds. 
 
 Several Swedilli accounts mentioned a great 
 number of killed, in this affair, on our fide ; al- 
 ledging, among other things, that we had thrown 
 two hundred into the river : but our battery being 
 four or five hundred yards diftant from it, and 
 the enemy in poflcflion of the oppofite fhore, it 
 does not appear that the authour of the fidion was 
 prefent in the a6tion ; otherwife he would not have 
 added abfurdity to faliehood, in fuppofing us fo 
 mad as to carry our dead to the river, under the 
 fire of our enemies. 
 
 The day following, the Prince-Royal exprefiTed 
 his fatisfadion to the officers, who had an oppor- 
 tunity to diftinguifh themfelves, by delivering them 
 prefents with his own hand, efpecially to General 
 Manfbach and Captain Bielefeld, who had com- 
 manded the artillery. He then repaired to the 
 field of action, alighted at a houfe where our 
 wounded had paffed the night, and by his kind- 
 nefs endeavoured to confole thofe brave men, par- 
 ticularly Lieutenant Tellequift. 
 
 From thence we went to the Swedlfh camp, 
 where the whole corps laid down their arms. Both 
 the officers and foldiers were allowed to keep 
 whatever was their perfonal property. The in- 
 fantry, and all the officers, obtained leave to re- 
 turn home, on condition of ferving no more, during 
 the war, againft the Emprefs of Ruffia and her 
 allies i the officers giving their parole, and pledg- 
 
 D ing
 
 t 34 ] 
 
 ing for their foldiers : but the matrofies beldngiftg 
 to a corps ftill fubfifting, and having therefore 
 properly no home or eftablifhment, they were kept 
 priloners, and fent to Stroemftadt, where they were 
 {o much the better off, as, befides receiving the 
 King's pay, the inhabitants, each in their turn, 
 cooked for them. The number of prifoners, 
 officers and men included, amounted in all to 
 eiaht hundred and fix men i befides which, one 
 howitzer and nine cannon,. fix and three pounders^ 
 with feveral waggons of ammunition, and the 
 ■whole camp, fell into our hands. Nothing could 
 be more affecting than the expreffions of grati- 
 tude from the Svvedifli foldiers, who took us by 
 the hand, and thanked us, as they filed off before 
 us for Uddewalla, and from thence to their re- 
 fpedtive cantons. 
 
 That day the Prince Royal and myfelf recon- 
 noitred the fide of Uddewalla, towards the fea- 
 coall, afid returned in the evening to Saltkilden, 
 a quarter of a league from QLiiftrum, where we 
 paffed the night. In order entirely to fecure our 
 rear and left flank, I fent the Aid-de-camp, Ge- 
 neral Varendorf, back from Saltkilden, with or- 
 ders to march a battalion of grenadiers to the 
 lakes, called the Bolares, and to deftroy the bridge 
 called Langwattnedfbroe, together with the com- 
 munications between Bohuflehn and Wermeland. 
 
 The next day, which was the i ft of Odober, 
 we marched to Uddewalla, with fix battalions, 
 eight fquadrons, and a corps of hunters, all the 
 horfe-artjllery, and a battery of twelve pieces, four 
 
 of
 
 [ 35 ] 
 
 of which were howitzers. At a fmall diftance 
 from that town we found an intrenchment, newly 
 thrown up : it had been already furnifhed with 
 ordnance to receive us -, but the inhabitants had 
 then taken them away, and fent them ofF by lea. 
 This retrenchment, whch was intended to be de- 
 fended by the citizens, who, before the affair at 
 Qiiiftrum, were daily under arms and exercifed, 
 not being very formidable, could not have ftopc 
 us long. 
 
 At our enterance into the town we were re- 
 ceived by the magiftrates in a body ; to whom I 
 had defpatched, the day before. Colonel Gedda, 
 Quarter- mafter-general, to quiet the inhabitants, 
 and impart to them the before- mentioned mani- 
 fcfto. On my arrival I charged the burgomafter 
 to pofl: up and publifh this manifefto, which he 
 firmly refufed, faying, " His attachment to his 
 '* duty, and to his mafter, would not permit him 
 " to obey." Far from forcing him to a fubmif- 
 fion, as ufual in like cafes, I commended him for 
 the loyalty of his fentiments, and had the mani- 
 fefto ftuck up by perfons belonging to the army. 
 It is to the wife conduft of this burgomafter, 
 M. Aberg, the city of Uddewalla owes its having 
 borne but a fmall (hare of the evils infeparable 
 from war, which juftice I here do him with plea- 
 fure. 
 
 I was ftill ignorant where the Swedifli corps 
 
 was that had been colleded at Wennerfburg ; 
 
 having only heard, that on the day of the action 
 
 at Quiftrum two hundred men had palled Udde- 
 
 D 2 walla ;
 
 [ S6 ] 
 
 walla •, and that it was but at a league's diftancc, 
 when the news came of Colonel Tranefeld's corps 
 having furrendered themfelves prifoners; upon 
 which it again fell back to Wennerfburg, 
 
 Immediately on my entering Uddewalla I fent 
 two battalions, two fquadrons, and a company of 
 hunters, under General Manlbach, to take pof- 
 lefllon of a bridge half a league from the town, 
 on the road to Wennerfburg. The corps of hun- 
 ters, with the reft of the cavalry, I quartered on 
 the road to Gothenburg, and four battalions oc- 
 cupied the town of Uddewalla and its environs, 
 I found the harbour full of fhips, Uddewalla 
 being a rich and large trading town. Our flutilla 
 being ordered to anchor in this port, and convey 
 thither our tranfports from Norway, and the city 
 being now under the protecflion of the auxiliary 
 corps, I thought it my duty to prevent every aft 
 of violence that might be committed in the har- 
 bour, in fpite of my moft rigid orders. With 
 this view I ordered a fmall city-boat, under Danifli 
 colours, with a Dani(h navy officer, to go down 
 and anchor at the enterance of the harbour, and 
 fupplied it with a patent, which abfolutely enfured 
 the commerce of Uddewalla. The next morning 
 four (hips came in, the cargoes of which were 
 valued at above fixty thoufand crowns. — On the 
 3d, I charged General Manfbach to march to 
 Wennersburg, and take pofiefTion of it, being in- 
 formed that the corps which had been in it had 
 withdrawn to beyond the Giotha ; but I was 
 obliged to remain myfelf that day at Uddewalla, 
 
 to
 
 [ 37 ] 
 
 to give the troops time to refrefh, and alfo repair 
 their clothing, damaged by the badnefs of the 
 roads and the continual rains. 
 
 During my (lay in this town I received a letter 
 from Mr. Elliot, his Britannick Majefty's Ambaf- 
 fadour at Copenhagen, and Delegate to the King 
 of Sweden. This AmbafTadour had waited on the 
 King atCarlftad, and offered him the fupport and 
 mediation of the Courts of London and Berlin. 
 From that moment Mr. Elliot aded with an ex- 
 traordinary enthufiafm, and uncommon fkill, for 
 the interefls of the King of Sweden. My enco- 
 mium cannot be partial, as it was againft me that 
 he diredcd all his batteries, and it was me he 
 accufed of being the caufe of this war, and of 
 having gone far beyond the tenour of my inftruc- 
 tions. His letter contained, " That, after having 
 *' waited on his Swedilh Majefty in perfon, the 
 " King not only accepted the mediation of the 
 *' King of Pruffia, his Britannick Majefty, and 
 " the States-General, but had already defpatched 
 *' a courier to Berlin, to demand a general armif- 
 " tice of the Emprefs. He defired at the fame 
 " time, if poflible, to fettle with me the means of 
 " concluding: an armiftice.'* 
 
 I could not but decline, in my anfwer, all man- 
 ner of negociation on this fubje6t, as nothing but 
 orders from his Danifli Majefty could make me 
 alter the fteps prefcribed me. 
 
 On the 4th inftant we put ourfelvcs in march, 
 with fix battalions, under the Generals HelTelberg 
 and Count Schmettow, fix fquadrons of dragoons, 
 
 D 3 the
 
 [ 38 ] 
 
 the hunters, and artillery ; and arrived the fame 
 day at Strom, a caftle fituated on the river Giotha, 
 oppofite a place called Lille-Edt, where there is a 
 fluice to facilitate the tranfport on that river, which 
 is extremely rapid. We there faw fome pretty 
 large barks, and a quantity of timber and planks ; 
 but on our fide we had neither boats, nor any 
 thing to fupply the place. Lieutenant Lindholm, 
 of the navy, who followed our army with about 
 fixty feamen, finding a fmall boat, which could 
 fcarce be kept afloat, being almoft fliattered to 
 pieces, refitted it as well as he could -, and croffing 
 the river in it, feifed five barks, with the necei- 
 fary timber and planks to conftru6t the rafts, on 
 which all the horfe-artillery, two battalions of 
 infantry, the hunters on foot, and about a hun- 
 dred dragoons, were pafTed over on the 6th of 
 Odober. 
 
 On arriving at Strom in the evening, I received 
 news from General Manfoach of his having adtual- 
 ]y found Wennersburg evacuated ; that a confi- 
 dera'le magazine had fallen into our hands, and the 
 Swedes had deftroyed the bridge lately conftrucfled 
 over the Giotha at a great expencc. This General 
 rejoined me the next day, leaving a garrifon at 
 Wennerfburg. General During, with ibme bat- 
 talions and fquadrons, had taken pofTenion the 
 day before of the town of Kongelf and the caftle 
 of Bahus : I fent the Aid-de-camp General Hax- 
 thaufen along with him, to proceed from thence to 
 Gothenburg, where he was to execute the fame 
 
 CO mm if-
 
 C 39 ] 
 
 commifTion Colonel Gedda had been charged with 
 at Uddevvalla. 
 
 According to all the intelligence I had received 
 fince the affair at Quiftrum, there was but a weak 
 garrifon in that place, which was furrounded by 
 eminences, from which one might bombard the 
 town, almofl: all the houfes being built of timber. 
 The fortifications had alfo fcarce any artillery ; 
 and, befides, the inhabitants of that fine and 
 wealthy city, one of the moft mercantile in Eu- 
 rope, would never have expofed themfelves to a 
 bombardment, in the critical fituation Sweden then 
 found herfelf. 1 was therefore- perfuaded, that by 
 prefenting myfelf on both fides the Giotha, befora 
 its ramparts, a capitulation muft enfue : but I pre* 
 ferred quieting the citizens, already alarmed, in 
 order to prevent, by that means, the doubtful iffuc 
 of a capitulation at the gates of a fortrefs, to give 
 the garrifon time to evacuate it, and not to expofe 
 that fuperb city to the horrors of a bombardment, 
 and perhaps of an affault, which might have proved 
 its total deftrudlion. It was not till the return of 
 M. Haxthaufen, the Aid-de-camp-general, from 
 Gothenburg, that I was informed by him of the 
 King's arrival in that town, otherwife I fhould 
 never have fuffercd myfelf to fend him there, to 
 play at blindman's buff. 
 
 The day after my arrival at Strom, I received 
 a fecond letter from IMr. Elliot at Carlftadt ; in 
 which he apprifed me, " That, from the intelli- 
 " gence he had juft received by a courier from 
 ^' Berlin, there remained no doubt of the ofien- 
 
 D 4 *' five
 
 [ 40 ] 
 ** five operations of the army I commanded in 
 " Sweden caufing an immediate attack on Den- 
 " mark, by the combined forces of Pruflia and 
 " Great-Bjitain : That this fad being of too much 
 ** importance to conceal it from the Prince- Royal, 
 *' he fhould therefore demand an audience of his 
 ** Royal Highnefs on his arrival at Gothenburg : 
 *' That he neverthelefs flattered himfelf I fhould 
 *' be put in a way of fulfilling all my engage- 
 " ments with RufTia, without any further effufion 
 " of the blood of his Danilh Majefty's fubjefls.'* 
 I immediately replied, " That I had not failed 
 " to lay the contents of his letter before his Royal 
 " Highnefs •, who had anfwered, That he had 
 *' too firm a reliance on the King his uncle, and 
 *' the whole Britifh nation, always fo faithful to 
 ** their engagements, ever to fear any thing on 
 ** their fide, after having been apprifed long ago 
 «' of the feveral realons why the King his father 
 *« could not refufe a corps of auxiliaries to her 
 " Majefty theEmprefsof Rufila : That this corps, 
 *' in which his Royal Highnefs was a mere volun- 
 " tier, having been relinquifhed to her Majefty's 
 *' dilpofal, in conformity to the tenour and terms 
 *' of a treaty, his Royal Highnefs did not think 
 " he had himfelf the leaft right to ftop its further 
 " progrefs : That Denmark had confined its whole 
 ** hoftility to the twelve thouland men, which' 
 *' compofed the auxiliary army ; lo that his Danifh 
 " Majefty could not be, in the leaft, faid to have 
 *' done more than acquiefce in her Imperial Ma- 
 " jefty's juft claim, v/ho had rather chofen that 
 
 " thefe
 
 [ 41 ] 
 
 " thefe auxiliaries fhould march from Norway into 
 *' Sweden than ad in Scania. But, neverthelefs, 
 ** that his Royal Highnefs would defpatch a cou- 
 " rier to Copenhagen, the anfwers from whence 
 " would decide the further fteps of the auxiliaries. 
 " And, finally, that I fhould be happy to have 
 " foon the pleafure of feeing him." 
 
 In the morning of the 7th, M. d'Albedyhl, a 
 PrufTian officer, was ulhered in to me : Jie came 
 from Gothenburg, and brought me a letter from 
 Mr. Elliot, who had arrived there the day before. 
 In this letter he wrote me, " That the Kings of 
 *' PruiTia and England could not, in reality, con- 
 " fider the Norwegian army as a Ruffian one, but 
 *' abfolutely as Dan^ •, and confequently addrefs 
 *' themfelves, through me, to your Serene High- 
 •' nefs, but particularly to his Royal Highnefs the 
 *' Prince-Royal of Denmark, to flop immediately 
 '* all further progrefs in the Swedifh territories, 
 " I am, befides, furnifhed with his Swedifh Ma- 
 " jefty's full power to treat with your Serene High«- 
 " nefs on a cefTation of hoftilities, under jufl and 
 " honourable conditions, either as Field-Marfhal 
 *' of the King of Denmark, or as Commander of 
 " a corps of auxiliary troops ceded to Ruffia. 
 
 " Though very much indifpofed, I will be 
 " brought to your Serene Highnefs's quarters, to 
 " fettle an armiftice without delay, that time may 
 " be had for working on the conditions of a ne- 
 " gociation to fecure the pofition of your troops, 
 ** as may be agreed upon with your Highnefs. 
 
 " The
 
 r 42 ] 
 
 *' The moment I now write, war is perhaps a!- 
 ** ready declared againft Denmark by PruITia and 
 " England j but, in cafe his Serene Highnefs is. 
 *' ferioufly inclined to feife this opportunity of 
 ** doing that fervice to humanity I propofe to 
 *' him, I will immediately defpatch couriers to 
 " Berlin and London, to ftop, if poffible, both 
 •' the invafion of a Pruffian army in Holftein, and 
 *' the failing of our fleet. 
 
 " Baron d'Albedyhl Ihall be, the bearer of this 
 " letter to your Serene Highnefs, who, as a Pruf- 
 *^ fian officer, can confirm to you the truth of 
 " what I have the honour to aflert to you. I beg 
 ** your Highnefs will be pleafed to read this letter 
 *' to his Royal Highneis. It is written by the 
 ** Ambafiadour of the King his uncle ; by a man 
 *' wholly devotc^d to the Prince, and one who riflvs 
 ** his own life to prevent the effufion of the blood 
 •' of others. I expect your Highnefs's anfwer, 
 " with all the anxiety natural in luch an obje6t 
 ** of importance ; on the receipt of which, if 
 ** permitted, I will wait on your Highneis at 
 ** head- quarters. 
 
 " This evening I defpatch the Crown- Prince's 
 *' letter for Count Bernfdorf, with a duplicate of 
 *• this." 
 
 The fame day the head- quarters were tranf- 
 ferred to Trofka on the Giotha, after I had given 
 orders for the troops which were on the other fide 
 the river to repafs it. 
 
 Few fituations in the world could be compared 
 With mine at this moment. I wilhed punctually 
 
 to
 
 r 43 ] 
 
 to fulfil my duty, I longed to lead the Prince- 
 Royal into Gothenburg, at the head of the troops 
 the King had confided to ine ; and this was the 
 bait which had encouraged the Norwegians to bear 
 the fatigues of fo long a march. We were, in a 
 manner, already in pofTefllon of the town, and I 
 was convinced that the whole expedition would 
 prove abortive by not feifing it. 
 
 On the other hand, nothing could be m.ore irk- 
 fome to Denmark than the war we were threatened 
 with by the Mediating Powers, whofe friendfhip it 
 values. I had a thoufand reafons to believe we 
 could foon put an end to the troubles, which had- 
 difturbed the peace and tranquillity of the North, 
 by taking Gothenburg. But the face of affairs 
 was quite altered, by the Courts of London and 
 Berlin declaring themfelves the prote6lors and fup- 
 porters of his Swedifh Majelty. Denmark, in 
 efpoufing the caufe of Ruffia, could, by her inter- 
 vention, have procured the happieft peace to Swe- 
 den ; and the Emprefs's magnanimity might, per- 
 haps, have prevailed oil lier to forget all her 
 grievances, in favour of a faithful ally -, and cfpe- 
 cially the Crown- Prince, who expoied his life in 
 her behalf. After the King's arrival at Gothen- 
 burg, who, by his eloquence, re-animated the 
 courage of the inhabitants, and obtained from 
 them new vows of unfhaken fidelity, 1 could no 
 longer expeft to take that fortified town without a 
 bombardment, and repeated alTaults. My heart 
 recoiled at the idea of paffing for an incendiary, 
 
 or
 
 [ 4* ] 
 
 or feeing that flourifliing city facked unde/ my 
 own eye. 
 
 Befides, I could have hardly fupported myfelf 
 during the winter, in the midft of its fmoaking 
 ruins ; 1 (hould alfo have totally annihilated the 
 private fortunes of many Swedifh individuals, 
 ■without doing the lead fervice to the caufe 1 had 
 efpoufed -, and hare rendered the name of a Dane 
 deteftable in Sweden : while the Prince-Royal's 
 hearty wilh was, if not to conciliate the affecflion, 
 at lead not to incur the hatred of the Swedifli na- 
 tion. The fafety both of Sweden and Denmark 
 required a facrifice, which I did not hefitate to 
 make. The divcrfion was made, all the forces of 
 Sweden had united themfelves againft our auxiliary 
 army. The fuccours deftined for Finland, in 
 men and m.oney, were now to be employed to fave 
 Gothenburg. Jt was doing Ruffia a bad fervice to 
 raife her nevv enemies. All the publick papers, 
 and many private letters, at the fame time an- 
 nounced the conclufion of a cclTation of arms in 
 Finland. 
 
 In confequence of thefe fentiments, approved by 
 the Prince-Royal, we entered Bahus on the eighth 
 in the morning, followed by Count Schmettow's 
 brigade. All the light artillery, and a battery of 
 cannon and howitzers, were placed before the town. 
 Four fquadrons of dragoons took their quarters on 
 the range of Marftrand •, the other brigades and 
 dragoons were to extend themfelves along the 
 Giotha, as far as Wcnnerfburg ; and two batta- 
 lions.
 
 [ 45 ] 
 
 lions, under Colonel Strieker, were ordered to 
 march towards Amal. 
 
 When arrived at Kongelf, we immediately went 
 to Bahus, to fee that ruined ancient caftle ; which 
 we had occupied by a detachment. We there 
 found Mr. Elliot, juft come from Gothenburg ; 
 and on returning to our quarters, that minifter and 
 myfelf had a long conference ; in which he was 
 foon convinced how ill-grounded were the reports 
 that had been fpread againft me. 
 
 I liftened with fo much the more pleafure to 
 his propofals of an armiftice, as Mr. Elliot held 
 out to me, at the fame time, a certain hope that it 
 would be immediately conducive to a peace, equally 
 glorious to the Prince- Royal and the Emprefs ; 
 and no lefs happy for Sweden : as well as that I 
 might thereby ftill prevent the threatened declara- 
 tions made at Copenhagen, by the courts of 
 London and Berlin. 
 
 The articles for an eight days' truce were then 
 fettled between us •, which done, Mr. Elliot afked 
 me where I fhould find provifions there for eight 
 days ? I told him that I meant to get them at 
 Gothenburg : on which he replied you will fend 
 me fome. That is but juft, faid I, if you will 
 pay for them, as you have hitherto done in the 
 country. 
 
 Mr. Elliot, after having been conduced to an 
 audience of the Crown-Prince, returned that fame 
 evening to Gothenburg ; from whence the next 
 day he fent me the convention (No. 4 ) adding, in 
 regard to provifions : ** As to viduals and forage, 
 
 4 " ^"
 
 f 46 ] 
 
 " on the faith of an honcil man, there remain not 
 " any to be furnifiied from this place; I can 
 " therefore rake no mearures refpeding them." 
 
 Inourfirft couver.'ation Mr. Elliot exprefled his 
 real concern for our critical (ituation, as he called 
 it ; telling ir.e I was furrounded, or on the point of 
 being lo ; and that my fituation was more dan- 
 gerous than thofe of General Burgovne and Lord 
 Cornwallis ever had b^en, as the who'e kingdom 
 was arming and preparing to fall upon me •, and 
 that the peafants of the provinces I had pafTed 
 would now take poffeffion of all the defiles, and 
 Ihut up all the pafTages by which J could efcape. 
 
 But the very lad day before our retreat to Nor- 
 way, I informed that m:n.(lt'r of my whole po- 
 fition, and undeceived him as to every thing he 
 had doubtlefs been told on this fubjeft by the 
 Swedes. The truth was, that M. d'Armfeldt, 
 firft Gentleman of the Bed-Chamber to the King, 
 and Colonel of the Army, had collecfted a corps of 
 troops in the environs of Carlftadt, compofed, by 
 what I could learn, of a battalion of the Werme- 
 land regiment, fome cavalry of the horfcguards, 
 and of Dalecarlians ; brought together by the 
 King's fpeeches, at the inftant, when deftiture of 
 foreign aid, that Prince had recourfe to the aiT: fi- 
 ance of thofe brave people, who fupplied him w;t!i 
 three or four thoufand fighting men, and marched 
 to Carlftadt, armed with enthufiafm, halberds, 
 fithes, arquebufes, and guns of their own. Three 
 regiments were formed of thefe people, headed bv 
 ofHcers of their own choice ; who, for the molt 
 
 pai-r,
 
 [ 47 ] 
 l^art, were the Under- bailiffs of the parifhes i and 
 wore round the arm, over their black jackets, a 
 white handkerchief, as the diftinguifhing mark of 
 a Swedifli officer. This corps was alfo afterwards 
 joined by a number of armed peafants from Wer- 
 meland and Dahliland i which laft occupied the 
 intrenchments and large abbatis made on the fide 
 of Kongfvinger and Glasfiord, as well to cover the 
 country from an invafion on the Kongfvinger and 
 Glasfiord fide, as on that of Amal and Bahuflehn. 
 Confirmation was every where given me of the 
 great expectations of the Swedes from this formi- 
 dable Dalecarlian militia ; which they already faw 
 in idea, from Gothenburg falling upon my lefc 
 flank over the bridge I had broken down between 
 the lakes of Bolar, or on the Uddewalla fide : 
 Where they would, however, have found every 
 narrow pafiTage pretty well lined with my troops, 
 pofted at Amal, Wennerfburg, and Radanefors. 
 And General Bitllard advancing at the fame time, 
 unawares, with the forces cantoned near Kongf- 
 vinger upon Edafkanrz, would, on his fide, have 
 cut off the retreat to this regimented peafantry, 
 who, with all their valour, could never have with- 
 ftood a regular army ; except in their own moun- 
 tains and defiles, where knowing every foot-path, 
 and fighting pr£> aris i^ focis^ they are difficult to 
 conquer, and would coft their affailants many 
 lives. 
 
 The Swedes availed themfelves of this truce, 
 
 to colleft their forces in and about Gothenburg .- 
 
 Befides a regiment raifed by Count Wachtmeifter, 
 
 '^ which
 
 [ 4« ] 
 
 which' compofed the ufual garrifon of that city, 
 and a battalion of the Skaraburg regiment, which 
 reparcd there with all fpeed from Wennerfburg, 
 there arrived alfo a battalion of the foot-guards, 
 and the Jempteland regiment from Stockholm. 
 The Weft-Giotha regiment of horfe was at Alling- 
 faas, probably becaufe of a deficiency of forage at 
 Gothenburg. The regiment of cavalry juft men- 
 tioned, part of which was in Finland, patroled 
 from Gothenburg to the lake Weners. A corps 
 of hufiars, three hundred men ftrong, came from 
 Scania ; and fixteen hundred Pomeranians, two 
 hundred of whom belonged to the artillery, crofled 
 the Baltick, with fafety, on board fome merchant- 
 men, without being difcovered by Vice-Admiral 
 Deflin, then cruifing in thofe parts with a Ruffian 
 fleet: all thefe arrived foon after at Gothenburg. 
 The citizens had alfo formed a body sf about one 
 thoufand men-, fo that the whole may have 
 amounted to about fix or feven thoufand, who 
 had neither baggage, ammunition, magazines, nor, 
 in a word, any thing requifite for war. Add to 
 thefe M. d'Armfeldt's corps above-mentioned, one 
 may eafily form an idea of the fituation and force 
 on both fides. The remainder of the Swedifli 
 troops, which had not been fent over to Finland, 
 and confifted of cavalry only, was difperfed in 
 Scania, Carlfcrona, and fome other places on the 
 coafts. Stockholm was abfolutely llript of all its 
 troops ; and it was thither 1 could have puflied 
 my operations, if a war had permitted or rendered 
 it necelTary. The corps at Gothenburg could not 
 
 have
 
 t 49 ] 
 
 have feen the capital expofed without fending fome 
 reinforcements to M. d'Armfeldt's army; the con- 
 fequences of which were ea(y to guefs. , 
 
 The armiftice being concluded, I endeavoured 
 to teftify, during this interval, every poflible kind- 
 nefs and friendly procedure, both thro' Mr. Elliot 
 at Gothenburg as well as myfelf, to the inhabitants 
 ot the provinces in which we were. The notes, 
 added by me to the firll Convention, prove the 
 reftitude and good faith with which I afted ; flat- 
 tering myfelf, at the fame time, with contributing 
 to the re-eftablilhment of good harmony between 
 ;he two nations, in cafe a peace could be nego- 
 ciated with Ruflia, in the mapner Mr. Elliot gave 
 us to expe6t. 
 
 On the 9th, I fent this Minifler, with the con- 
 vention figned, an open letter, to Rear- Admiral 
 Ahrenfeldt, informing him of the truce, and en- 
 joining him not to advance any farther with the 
 flotilla. I thought this letter, of which Pdefpatched 
 duplicates by land, might reach him in the vicinity 
 of Uddewalla, and prevent fome bloody Icenes 
 near Marfl:rand. 
 
 After thefe proceedings, I had not the leaft 
 rcafon to expect the carrying off of above twenty 
 barks or boats, which, under the protedion ot 
 the armiftice, and without any convoy, navigated 
 along the coaft between Stroemftad and Udde^ 
 walla, and were leifed, without refiftance, by Swe- 
 difli floops on the nth and 12th of Oftober. 
 Thefe barks carried proviflons, forage, a fmall 
 Quantity of ammunition, gun-carriages, the equip- 
 E ments
 
 t 50 ] 
 
 ments of fcveral private men, and a moveable 
 hofpital belonging to the army. Several of thefc 
 articles had been fent by fea, to fave the peafants 
 ftatute-fervice. . 
 
 I was no fooner informed of this tranfaflion, 
 than I fent a trumpeter to Mr. Elliot, with the 
 letter (No. 5 ) by which I reclaimed thefe prizes ; 
 without being in the lead uneafy refpefting them. 
 The day following I received the anfvver (No. 6.) 
 by which that minifter informed me, the King 
 would fend me a trumpeter with a letter contain- 
 ing his thoughts on the affair of the prizes. 
 
 Mr. Elliot himfelf giving me to underftand, 
 that the peace might polTibly meet with fome un- 
 forefeen obflacles; and that he did not judge it 
 proper to fend me the fketch of a fecond armiftice ; 
 I concluded that the King had a mind to continue 
 the war ; that he had received fome confiderable 
 reinforcements ; and that the truce would conti- 
 nue no longer. I wrote therefore two letters to 
 Mr. Elliot (No. 7. and 8) dated the 15th of 
 Odlober. In thefe it may be feen, that I men- 
 tioned the peafants being inflamed from the pulpit 
 by the minillers of peace ; and that orders had 
 been fent the clergy from Gothenburg, to publifh, 
 during divine fervice, that all the country people 
 fhould arm themfelves againft the common enemy, 
 and do him every pcfTible injury. The major 
 part however of the clergy, belonging to the pro- 
 vinces we occupied, were fo wife, as either not to 
 read this royal mandate at all, or to mutter it in 
 fuch a n\anner, that none of the audience could 
 
 und."rlland
 
 [ 5' ] 
 
 tinderftand, or know whether it were not an or- 
 dinary prOchimation, or fome fuch declaration. 
 This was at leall the excufe alledged by ihof^ 
 there, with which I was the more fatished, as 
 none of the rubje(5ls paid any regard to ii ; if ws 
 except the pealants on the coaft, among whom 
 arms had been diftributed. A number of thefe, 
 animated by a difbanded officer, undertook of 
 them 'elves, to feife the two yachts at the outlet of 
 th(t port of Uddewalla, in which the commander 
 t)f the town,' depending on the publick faith of 
 (!ie armifiice, had caufed to be iliippcd the ten 
 pieces of artillery taken at CKhftrum; with moft 
 of the effects there captured -, and this he did with 
 the very bed intention, though without my autho- 
 rity ; having given them but a weak elcort, of 
 one officer and twenty privates. Thefe yachts 
 were brought to Marftrand •, from whence the 
 firft- mentioned captured boats had already been 
 tranfported to Gothenburg. 
 
 This was a real triumph to that city ; the lofs 
 of thofe proviPions was looked upon as the total 
 ruin of the auxiliary army, whic h was fupT)ored no 
 longer to fubfifl:, for want of food, at lealt not in 
 the neighbourhood of Gothenburg. Pompous 
 parar'e was exhibited of the brilliant captures they 
 had made, the hofpiial vv-ith all its appenchiges, 
 its beds, night-^j,ov/ns, ar.d conveniencies of all 
 kinds. 1 hey, found fome chcfts of chirurgical 
 inftrumentf, which it is affirnicd, were exf.o!ed to 
 the curiofity, or rather malif!,nity of the publick ; 
 t02;etiier with the chains, which fome provoll or 
 
 E 2 other
 
 [ 52 ] 
 
 Other of the regiment had fent with the boats. 
 At laft this parade made its way into the ladies 
 aflembly, or ball-room, in which the overture was 
 preceded by an explanation of thofc dreadful 
 inftruments of torture, as they were called ; which 
 I was bringing, no doubt, on purpofe to rack the 
 faithful fubjefts of his Swedifh Majefty ; though 
 entirely abolifhed among us, for above a century 
 paft. 
 
 In the interim, the letter from the King of 
 Sweden to the Prince-Royal, which had been 
 announced to me, arrived on the fifteenth with a 
 memorial (No. 9) accompanied by a letter from 
 Mr. Elliot (No, 10) and another of the fame date, 
 from that Ambafladour, in which he wrote to me 
 thus on the fubjed of the prizes. " 1 flatter my- 
 '* felf of being at prefent too well known to your 
 *' Serene Flighnefs, to doubt a moment of my 
 *' being perfcdiy acquitted of all previous know- 
 " ledge relative to thofe captures. Nor dj I 
 " make any difficulty to own, that according to 
 ** my weak judgement, the water where the moil 
 *' eflential prizes were taken, cannot be confidered 
 " as the fea. But that fpirit of prudence and 
 " moderation, fo conTpicuous in the whole of 
 *' your Highnefs's conduct, gives me hopes you 
 *' will not depart froni it in lo critical a n^,oment. 
 ** I already owe every thing to your Highnefs's 
 •* noble and difinteielled way of thinking. And 
 ** dare flatter mylclf with your giving me a new 
 proof ot yoi.r flncerity, in concurring on the 
 great object we have been dilcufllng, and in 
 
 " endeavouring 

 
 [ 55 ] 
 
 *• endeavouring to fettle an affair, which I by no 
 *' means can fettle or approve." 
 
 Mr. Elliot at the fame time fent me a plan for 
 a continuation of the truce, or of a renewed armif- 
 trice; and M.deBorke, the Prudian envoy, de- 
 clared in his letter to me (No. ii.) that he ratified 
 in cxprefs terms all Mr. Elliot had manifefted on 
 the part of his PruCfian Majefty. I anfwered him 
 in my letter of i6th, O(ftober (No. 12.) that Mr. 
 Elliot had mentioned in his letter, an offer by the 
 King of Sweden, of reftoring the Norwegian 
 barks. But it muft be noticed that it it had 
 been accepted, without obferving a refervation ic 
 contained ; or that the barges freighted at Strom- 
 Itadt were not comprifed in it ; the greater pare 
 of the cargoes would have been left to the 
 Swedes. 
 
 On the fixteenth in the evening, I received 
 another letter (No. 13.) The fignature of the con- 
 tinuation of the truce, which expired at midnight, 
 was kept back at Gothenburg, till the laft mo- 
 ment. And it was not till the morning of the 
 feventeenth that I received the two letters, A and 
 B (No. 14.) confequently I had no manner of 
 fecurity all that night j and all my intelligence 
 announced an attack, or fudden blow on fome 
 part of the line. I cautioned therefore all the 
 chiefs of the brigades, to be every where on their 
 guard, I fubjoin here the convention (No. 15.) 
 which 1 could not fign till the evening of the 
 eighteenth. 
 
 E 7 Mean
 
 [ 5+ J 
 
 Mean time, Mr. Elliot and Mr. c!e Eork^ 
 arrived on the feventeenth in my quarters at Kon-* 
 gelf. After ibme conference refpedling the pre* 
 lifnt fituation of affairs, Mr. de Borke began 
 talking to me about to;alIy evacuating Sweden j 
 for which he had flrid orders from his court. 
 Tiie lufi inftruclions, remitted that minifter, were 
 given the moment news arrived at Berlin of our 
 pretty quick progrefs m Sweden, and of an ap- 
 proaching attack on the city of Gothenburg. The 
 threatening declaration (No. i6.) which was gomg 
 to be made at Copenhagen, formed a part ot the 
 very difagreeable papers, Mr. dc Eorke was under 
 the neceflity of reading to me. I am fatisfied of 
 this miniftcr's bed intentions, for rcftoring the 
 peace of the north. But inftru6uions given aC 
 two hi'.ndred leagues diflance, and founded on 
 the difc\ilrou3 fituation, in vdii^h the King of 
 Sweden found himfelf, with v»'hich, no doubt, 
 the generous heart of the Klrg of PrufTia had 
 been touched, and made him pais over all other 
 confidcrations to favc t'nat Prince in this critical 
 moment i gave t;:e nL-gociations already begun, 
 a quite difiertnt turn. Peace was no longer the 
 qucllicn ; hut a torccd evacuation. 
 
 Notvvirhftandino; ihe leccnd convention, fifrned 
 by the K;no of" Swedtn, in live fixth article of 
 vvhicli, hii Majcily had txprefsly t:.cm]:tcd only 
 the ifiand ol lI:!T;ncrcn, ]!o,n oil (o.'.tribu- 
 tion r,) be levied; Iv'ar. cleEoike railed a doubr, 
 v/licther, or ni;, 1 ccu'd, duiir;!; t!;e armilticc, 
 kvy any contiibutioni in tl;e cillrids in the pol-
 
 t 55 ] 
 Itfnon of which, by the tenour of the fourth 
 article, I was to continue ; feveral new conventions 
 were proposed to me, all which I declined in the 
 beft Manner I could. The ambaffadours returned 
 the next day to Gothenburg, after paffing the 
 morning with me. 
 
 On the eighteenth in the evening -, Mr. Elliot 
 wrote me a letter (No. 17.) I have already men- 
 tioned that there inforcements Mr. D'Armfeldt had 
 received, were Dalecarlians. All this while they 
 continued feifing the Norv/cgian barks ; about 
 which I wrote again to Mr. EUior, requefting liim 
 to make the ncceJTary reclamations. The attack 
 on the fide of Amal, with which w^e were threat- 
 ened,-did not take place ; and all that pafTed there 
 was only a little fubaltern overfeer of a parifh in 
 the Dalfland country, collecfling together about a 
 hundred armed peafants, with the intention of car- 
 rying oft a guard, polled by Colonel Striker on 
 this fide Kopmannfbrce, to cover that bridge and 
 the defile. This troop advanced v/ith great caution 
 into a wood near the guard ; but they then aban- 
 doned their chief and returned quietly home. 
 Thefe gentry were foon after all dilarmed, but 
 without doing them the lead hurt. The pods to 
 the weft of Glasfiord, mentioned in Mr. Elliot's 
 letter I fufFered to remain quietly, judging they 
 would retire of themfelves. 
 
 On the nineteenth of October, our head-quar- 
 ters quitted Kongelf. We pafled the night a: tht:: 
 houfe of a vicar named Spigeroe, and arrived the 
 next day at Uddewalla. 
 
 E 4 On
 
 I 56 ] 
 
 On leavii.g .Kongelf, I ordered Courit Schmef- 
 tow's brigade to fall back by eafy marches along 
 the coaft, to the bay of Lyong, two leagues from 
 Uddewalla, a pretty flrong poll covered by rocks 
 and woods. 1 left no other garrifon at Kongelf 
 and Bahus, than the corps of hunters, which at 
 the fame time lined the Giotha, as far as Stroem, 
 and occupied all the banks above up to Wennerf- 
 burg, by General Manfbach's brigade, and four 
 fquadrons of dragoons. I ordered General Hef- 
 felberg to retire to Uddewalla with his brigade, 
 the light artillery, and a battery of twelve field- 
 pieces. In that city I found two of our galleys, 
 and two armed floops. The remainder of the 
 artillery was left in the environs of Quiftrum and 
 Svarteborg, on account of the forage. A battalion 
 of the fecond Opland regiment was fent towards 
 Kopmannfbroe, to fecure the communication of 
 that place with Amal ; whither I had fent General 
 Manfbach with fome cavalry, to take the com- 
 mand. Two fquadrons of Opland dragoons can- 
 toned half a league behind Uddewalla ; and I 
 alfo ordered fome fmall magazines to be formed 
 at dated diftances between Stromftadt and Udde- 
 walla, where the great magazines were efta- 
 blifhed. 
 
 Not long after my arrival at Uddewalla, I was 
 informed of Lieutenant Krogh being in the environs 
 of Kongfvinger, with the corps from Dronrheim ; 
 and of General Fading's being widi two battalions 
 from Berghen, at Friederichfwaern and Laur- 
 wig. 
 
 Such
 
 [ 57 ] 
 
 Such was the difpofition of my troops, when I 
 received his Swedifh Majefty's declaration •, by 
 which he threatened me to break the truce. Ic 
 was the 24th of Oftober in the morning, when I 
 was waked by a king's Aid de Camp being an- 
 nounced to me. I immediately delired him to 
 enter. He delivered me the letter (No. 18.) writ- 
 ten by the kings own hand ; and after my reading 
 the few lines it contained, he delivered me open, 
 the above mentioned declaration (No. 19.) 
 
 I was very far from lliowing the Aid de Camp 
 the like treatment that Mr. de Haxthaufen, the 
 King of Denmark's General Aid de Camp had 
 experienced at Gothenburg ; notwithftanding the 
 perfonal infult contained in the declaration of which 
 he was the bearer. I only told him that he fhould 
 have my reply to the King after dinner, inviting 
 him to dine with the Prince-Royal, and gave him in 
 the mean time full liberty to walk through the city 
 of Udde walla without reftraint or obfervation. I 
 afked him if he had feen in his route the leait traces 
 of devaftation or pillage. He afllired me of the 
 contrary. After dinner, I delivered him my let- 
 ter for his Majefty (No. 20.) and he then de- 
 parted. 
 
 Soon after this, I fent a trumpeter to Gothen- 
 burg with the letter (No. 21.) to Mr. Elliot; and 
 the lame evening a courier from him brought me 
 this letter (No. 22.) with the annexed letters A. 
 B. C. D. Tiie news I received in the fame mo- 
 ment prompted me to be every where on my 
 guard ; and thefe are the difpofitions I ihould 
 
 have
 
 t 5S ] 
 have made if the truce had been broken. I might 
 have been attacked at the fame time on the Amal 
 fide, and on that of Bahus. On the firfl notice 
 of the breach of the truce, I fliould have march- 
 ed from Uddcwalla towards Wennerfburg. The 
 hunters fliould have withdrawn from Bahus, partly 
 to the poft at Lyong, and partly towards Stroem ; 
 and from tlience through the woods to the fame 
 'poft. 1 fhould have left but a weak garrifon at 
 Bahus-Caftle to lure the enemy ; which might 
 have coft him many lives. The poll; at Amal 
 was to have fallen back, if pufned by too great a 
 fuperiority in palling the Kopmannfbrce. Mean 
 vvhile the Korgfvinger troops under Lieutenant- 
 General Krogh, would have furrounded the enemy 
 and cut off their retreat. The troops at Gothenburg, 
 which would have found no obftrudion in pafTing 
 the ifland of Hifllngen, in Bahuflehn, would pro- 
 bably have advanced towards Uddewalla, up to 
 the poft at Lyong i where in confcquence of the 
 meafures I had taken, their fituation might have 
 become pretty critical. It would have been the 
 fame if the enemy had marched upon me from the 
 Wennerfburg fide, and the troops pofted at 
 Lyong, had moved towards Bahus. But the 
 prudence of ihe mediating miniflers prevented the 
 rupture with v. hich I was threatened in the decla- 
 ration Baron Wrede brought me. 
 
 Juft at that ti:r.e a conipiracy was difcovered, 
 of a hundred people united to feift* my perfon ; 
 among ieveral others who were arrefted for fup- 
 j lying tho peaiants with arms, was one of the 
 
 principal
 
 t 59 1 
 
 principal confpirators j who withenthuriafm im- 
 mediately coniciTcd the plot, and affurcd me that 
 the greateft pare were at Gothenburg. He boafted 
 that many young men at Uddewalla were accom- 
 plices J and that by (lopping the poll we fhould 
 difcover them. This was accordingly done the 
 fame day, though with ail imaginable precaution, 
 lefl the courfe of trade and commerce iliould be 
 interrupted. None but the Gothenburg letters 
 were opened, and thofe in the prefence of the 
 Burgomafter, and feveral other members of the 
 magiftracy. But happily nothing was found that 
 required informations. We did not vvifh to pufh 
 the affair any further. Nor was the man eithef 
 ill treated or forced to a confeflion of any thing. 
 It was thought neccflary, however, to keep afana- 
 tick well guarded, who was inceffantly talking witfi 
 cnthufiafm of his fcheme to carry me olf. 
 
 Mr. Elliot let me know on the 27th, that he 
 •fhould be at Uddewalla in a tew days ; and fenc 
 me, at the fame time, the copy of a note (No. 
 ^3) which he had lately remitied the King, con- 
 cerning Baron Wrede's million j and alfo of ano- 
 ther note (No. 24.) which he was going to prc- 
 fent to nis Majcfty, before his Jetting out, on the 
 fubjed of tlie prizes. 
 
 'I'his nfir.iller arrived at Uddewalla on the 30th, 
 in a very ba 1 Rare of hfalrh. Having obtained 
 no decilive anlwer from his Swedifh Majcfty, rela- 
 tive to the alfair of the boats, I was forced to 
 procure mylelf an adequate comvenfation for that 
 iofs, by demanding a f^Eiiien: fum from the
 
 [ ^o 1 
 
 town of Uddewalla ; with a view to dctermlnt 
 the irrefolution with which they feemed defirous 
 to protraft the affair, till our troops quitted Swe- 
 den. I confequently gave the magiftrates notice, 
 of my being obliged, much againft my inclina- 
 tion, to exadt from the city the payment of one 
 hundred thoufand crowns in fpecie ; till their fo- 
 vereign fhould be pleafed to return the captures 
 made during the armiftice. 
 
 On the fame evening I received a letter from 
 Mr. Elliot, dated Ocflober the 31 ft, (No. 25.) 
 enclofmg another from the King ; in which his 
 Majefty cxprefled himfelf in the moft gracious 
 terms, advifing me, " That the Chevalier Elliot, 
 *' who remitted me his letter, would terminate 
 «« all the differences, and for this year put an 
 « end to the war : That the King did not doubt 
 " of finding all facility on my part; and particu- 
 *' larly recommended to me the article refpefling 
 •' the contefts which might have arifen during the 
 
 " truces." 1 anfwered the King by the letter 
 
 (No. 26.) and enclofed it to Mr. Elliot, writing 
 to that minifter at the fame time the letter (No. 
 
 27.) 
 
 The magiftrates of Uddewalla prefented them- 
 felves in a body, on the fame evening, and beg- 
 ged me not to charge their citizens with fo heavy 
 a payment. I declared to them : " That confi- 
 " dering the hopes given me, by a very gracious 
 " letter lately received from his Swedifti Majefty, 
 ** of feeing all the difputes relative to the cap- 
 " tures made during the ceHation of arms, fpeedily 
 4 " ended,
 
 [ 6I ] 
 
 *' ended, I had leave, not only to reduce the 
 " fum demanded to one half, but to affure them, 
 " at the fame time, that as foon as the aflFair of 
 " the prizes Ihould be fettled, and their value 
 " compenfated, I would with fincere pleafure re- 
 " turn them the bond, or bills of exchange, 
 '* which I was now obliged to infill upon, to the 
 *' amount of fifty thoufand crowns in fpecie." 
 
 Mr. Elliot having remitted me with the King 
 of Sweden's letter, the plan of a convention for • 
 a new armiftice till the 15th of May, 1789, 
 (No. 28.) I replied to it by the Memorial (No. 
 29,) adding at the fame time, the letter and de- 
 claration (Nos. 30. 31.) Upon which Mr. El- 
 liot prefented me another plan of a truce, (No. 
 j2.) which I accepted; adding to it iome re- 
 marks, and fent him alfo the note (No. 2^.) re- 
 fpedling the documents of the city of Uddewalla ; 
 not having received any further news relative to 
 the reftitution of captures. 
 
 The bad feafon now advanced, difeafes began 
 to prevail in the army ; and though we ftill had 
 provifions for fome weeks, our communications 
 by land and water might foon be fhut up by the 
 fnow and ice. Befides, the queftion of fupporting 
 onrfelves in the enemy's country was now at an 
 end : the evacuation was promifed, and nothing 
 could be gained by deferring it. 
 
 This was to be done honourably. And by 
 doing it voluntarily before the expiration of the 
 truce, I obviated every article of the new conven- 
 tion for an armiftice ; which might have been 
 
 ditjuted
 
 [ 62 ] 
 
 di(flated to me as a law. Various intelligence was 
 brought us, that we fhould not be permitted to 
 withdraw in peace. It was even reported, thac 
 the Poir.cranian battalion;, and the huflars, had 
 orders to follow us, and harrafs our march ; or, 
 at leaft within twenty-tour hours after our depar- 
 ture to take poffeJlion of all the ground we aban- 
 doned. It was incumbent therefore on me to ufc 
 all the precautions rcquifite in fuch a cafe. I 
 withdrew, firll from Lyo.ig, A.mal, and Wen- 
 nerfburg, all the detached brigades •, and laftly 
 the hunters who were at Eahus, I fent off before 
 us, the hofpital, artillery, and heavy baggage; 
 and kept to proceft the rear, three of General 
 Hcflelberg'-s battalions, three of General Manf- 
 bach's, eight fquadrons of dragoons, the hunters, 
 the light artillery, and another brigade. 
 
 On ih;:^ Gih in the morning, the whole rear- 
 guard filed through the 'town of Uddewalla ; the 
 garrifon of which clofcd the march. I ren^iined 
 in that city wirh the Prince-Royal tifl it was eva- 
 cuated by all tlie troops, that I might be fure of 
 no dirord;;r being committed. 
 
 The infantry was drawn up in a line five hun- 
 dred paces from rhe town, with the ligi.t aridlery 
 and a gun battery. I (ordered a triple falute of 
 the artidjry and muf]:e:ry. ?vlr. EUior, who 
 was prcienr, took leave of the Prince-Royal 
 and me, and returned to Gothenburg. At laft tha 
 whole l.ne put iifelf in march, followed by the 
 Corp. of hunters. We took our head-quarters 
 that night at Saltkildcn j the next day at Tanum, 
 
 and
 
 [ 63 ] 
 
 and on the 9th, we fixed them at Blomfholm, where w« 
 remained three days, partly to wait the ratification 
 of the treaty for a prolonged armiftice ; and 
 partly to give time for clearing the magazines at 
 Stromftadc. 
 
 On the eleventh, being informed by an exprefs 
 from Mr. Elliot ; that every thing was fettled in 
 regard to the continuation of the truce : we beeran 
 our march the day following, with the rear-guard, 
 joined to it the garrifon at Stromftadr, and pafled 
 the Svinefund that fame evening by means of 
 pontons, 
 
 A detachment of hunters kept the pods in 
 Sweden which covered the bridge ; and we re- 
 turned to Fredericfliald, from whence we got the 
 next day, in an armed (loop down to the bridge, 
 which was removed in the prefence of his Royal 
 Highnefs ; and thus terminated the expedition into 
 Sweden. 
 
 At Svinefund I received another courier from 
 Mr. Elliot, with his Swedifh Majefty's acceptation 
 of the truce. 
 
 DOCUMENTS.
 
 PIECES AJOUTEES, 
 
 No. I. 
 
 Re;ponfe a la Lettre de S. M. Suedotfe^ 
 
 Sire! 
 
 T> I E N ne fauroit furpafTer ma profonde & re- 
 "*'^ fpecftueule reconnoiflance de toutes les graces 
 & bontes que V. M. daigne me renouveller par 
 Mr. de Borgenftierna, que j'ai revu avec un 
 plaifir inexprimable. Elle veut blen me parler 
 avec une gracicufe confiance, qui ne peut que 
 me penetrer de la plus vive fenfibilite. Elle 
 daigne y ajouter des expreflions, qui m'ont emu 
 au poffible. Je lepondrois bien mal a toutes fes 
 graces, fi je ne prenois avec une hardiefle refpec- 
 tueufe la liberie de Lui ouvrir mon coeur vive- 
 ment afFede dans la crife du moment. Mon de- 
 vouement infini, mon tendre & refpecflueux at- 
 tachement pour V. M. m'en font une loi lacree, 
 ^ Elle ne daignera confiderer dans mes foibles 
 exprefTions que ces fentimens. Je fuis au delef- 
 poir de voir V. M. fur Ic point d'une rupture avec 
 la Ivufile. Ce n'eit point feulement comme un 
 ferviteur fidele de S. M. P^noife que je reffens 
 
 cette
 
 DOCUMENTS, 
 
 No. L 
 
 'Anfwer to his Swedi/h Majejlfs Letter, 
 
 Sire! 
 
 ^^J O T H I N G can exceed my profound and 
 ^ ^ refpeiftful acknowledgements for all the fa- 
 vours and kindnefles your Majefty has deigned to 
 renew me through Mr. de Borgenftierna, whom \ 
 have again feen with infinite pleafure. You have 
 been pleafed to addrefs me vyith a gracious con- 
 fidence, which could not but imprefs me with 
 the mod lively fenfibility -, and have condefcended 
 to add expreflions that afFed: me deeply. 
 
 I fhould make an ill return to all thefe favours, 
 if, with a refpedlful boldnefs, I did not take the 
 liberty of opening to you my heart, fo fenfibly 
 touched in this critical moment. My infinite de- 
 votion, my tender and refpeflful attachment to 
 your Majefty, prefcribe It to me as a facred law. 
 And thefe fentiments alone, you will be pleafed 
 to confider in my feeble expreflions. To fee your 
 Majefty on the point of a rupture with Ruflla, 
 moft deeply afflids me ; not only as a loyal ler- 
 
 F vane
 
 t 66 3 
 
 Cette douleur, mais aufii par routes les fuites, qiie 
 j'envifagc en fremiflant cette demarche fi decifive. 
 
 V. M. daigne me dire, qu'il faut neceffaire- 
 ment que le Dannemarc pfenne un allie dans ce 
 moment de crife, ou la Suede, ou la Ruflie. II 
 ne m'appartient point dejuger des interets des na- 
 tions ; n'ayant pas I'honneur d'etre du Confeil 
 d'Etat du Roi, je ne puis affcz connoitre la te- 
 neur des traites anterieurs pour ofer avoir un fen- 
 timent a moi. Malgre ceux du plus grand at- 
 tachemcnt & refped, que S. A. R. Mgr. le Prince- 
 Royal profefle a un fi haut dcgre pour V. M. il 
 nc fe permct point de decider dans une affaire fi 
 importante, fijrtout pendant Ton abfence, & remet 
 tout au confeil d'etat du Roi Ion pere. 
 
 Je connois tres bien les reflburces de la valeu- 
 reufe nation, qui a le bonheur de vivre fous le 
 fceptre glorieux de V. M. Je ne doute point de 
 la multiplicite de braves troupes, qu'elle pourra 
 mettre en campagne j mais ce ne leront point cel- 
 -les-ci, quclques nombreufes qu'elles fufTent, mais 
 la perfonne iacre^ de V. M. que je redouterois ; 
 mais encore plus que tour, les dangers, auxquels 
 Elle Teroit expolce. Mon dclcfpoir feroit extreme 
 de combattre contre Elle. 
 
 Ah! Sire! fi ma foible voix pourroit fe fairc 
 fentir a fon cocur, Elle remettroit le glaive deja 
 a-demi tire dans le fourreau ; Kile creindroit Ic 
 tifon qui va peut-etre e:Tibrarcr I'Europe cnticre. 
 Son humaniic, Sa bontc naturelle ne voudront 
 point faire couler des torrens de fang innocent, 
 qui rejailliront pourtant tot cu tard fur Votre 
 
 jvovau.'iU^
 
 [ 67 ] 
 Vant to his Danifli Majefty, but alfo on account 
 of all the confequences of fuch a decifive ftcp, 
 which I view with horrour. 
 
 Your Majefty is pleafed to acquaint me, that 
 Denmark muft of neceffity take for ally in the pre- 
 fent crifis, either Sweden or Ruflia. It is not 
 my province to judge of the interefts of nations ; 
 and not having the honour to be of the King*s 
 council of ftate, I can have no fufficient know- 
 ledge of previous treaties, to dare to aflume an 
 opinion' of my own. With all the fentiments of 
 the higheft refpecft and attachment, his Royal 
 Highnefs the Crown-Prince profeffes for Your 
 Majefty in the higheft degree, he cannot permit 
 himfelf to decide on an affair fo important ', efpe- 
 cially during his abfence ; and refers the whole to 
 the council of ftate of the King his father. 
 
 I know well the refources of that valiant na- 
 tion, which has the happinefs to live under Your 
 Majefty's glorious fceptre : and I doubt not of 
 the multiplicity of brave troops, which you can 
 fend to the field. But it is not them I dread, be 
 they ever fo numerous •, but Your Majefty's facred 
 perlbn, and above all, the dangers to which it 
 would be expofed. To fight againft You, would 
 extremely afflift me. 
 
 Alas ! Sire ! if my weak words could touch 
 Your heart, you would fheathe your fword, half 
 drawn already j and extinguifti that fire which 
 will perhaps irrflame all Europe. Your huma- 
 nity. Your natural goodnefs, will not (hed 
 dreams of innocent blood, which fooner or later 
 G 2 would
 
 [ 68 ] 
 
 Royaume, qui ne fauroit long-terns, quelqucs 
 briilans avantages que Vous puifTiez remporter 
 dans le commencement, foucenir le poids d'une 
 loneue guerre centre la Ruffle, fi tout a coup 
 celle-ci faifoit la paix par quelques ceffions aux 
 Turcs. 
 
 Peut- etre ce language me rendra-t-il aflez mal- 
 heureux pour deplaire a V. M. mais j'ofe efperer, 
 qu'elle n'y voudra voir que cet attachement fans 
 bornes, cette veneration infinie, qui m'animeront 
 a jamais pour EUe, & avec lefquels, &c. 
 
 No. II. 
 
 C HJRLES par la Grace de Dieu Landgrave i^ 
 Prince de Hejfe, ^c. Feld-marechal ^ Comma}!" 
 dant General des Armees du Roi. 
 
 S A VO I R faifons, que pour prevenir dans 
 cette epoque, ou une partie des forces de S. M. 
 va entrer comme auxiliaires Ruffes en Suede, tous 
 les defordres, & mettre a I'abri de tout malheur 
 & moleftation les fujets Suedois, qui ne feroient 
 pas trouves fous les armes, ou ne s'attireroient pas 
 eux-memes par des demarches hoftiles des pro- 
 cedes leciproques : il eft ordonne tres feverement, 
 qu'aucune perfonne fans aveu, ou qui que ce foic 
 fans paffeport ou autre permiffion legitime, ne 
 fuive, fous quelque pretexte que ce foic, I'armee, 
 & moins encore le permette des incurfions & de- 
 gats dans le Royaume voifin ; que meme tous 
 
 ceux
 
 [ 69 ) 
 
 would overflow Your own kingdom ; unable long 
 to fupport the weight of a war with Riiffia, what- 
 ever brilliant advantages You may at firft obtain ; 
 efpecially if Ruflia fhould make a fudden peace, 
 by fome ceflions to the Turks. 
 
 Perhaps this language will render me fo unfor- 
 tunate as to excite Your Majefty's difpleafure. 
 But I prefume to hope, nothing will be feen in 
 it but that unbounded attachment, and profound 
 veneration, which will ever animate the fentiments 
 I bear Your Majefty, and with which, &c. 
 
 No. II. 
 
 CHARLES, hy the Grace of God Landgrave and 
 Prince of Hejfe, &c. Field-marjhal and Com' 
 wander in Chief of the Armies of his Danijh 
 Majejly. 
 
 B E it known to all men :— That to prevent 
 at this time all diforder, in any of thofe places 
 into which a part of his Majefty's forces are now 
 preparing to enter as Ruffian auxiliaries in Swe- 
 den ; and to protefl againft all injury and mo- 
 leftation, all fuch Swedifh fubjefts as Ihall not be 
 found in arms, or otherwife draw upon them- 
 felves, by hoftile behaviour, a reciprocity of pro- 
 ceeding : it is hereby ftriftly ordered, that no va- 
 grant, or other perfon not provided with a pafs, 
 or fome other lawful permit, fliall follow the 
 army, under any pretenfe whatever. And ftill 
 
 F 3 Icfs
 
 [ 70 ] 
 ceux qui appartiennent a rarmee, foit militaires ou 
 non militaires, fe gardent foigneufement de caufer 
 la moindre moleftation ou dommage, foit dans 
 leurs perfonnes, ou leurs proprieies, aux fujets 
 Suedois, qui ne feroient pas trouves fous les armes, 
 ou en commettant des hoflilites ; qu'au contraire 
 Tordre & la difcipline les plus exadts foient obr 
 ferves, & que tout fujet Suedois, qui detneurera 
 tranquille, jouifle de la plus parfaite protection. 
 Quiconque ofera tranrgrelTer cette ordonnance, 
 fcra juge fans remiflion fuivant toute la rigueur 
 des loix militaires, &: puni de mort felon ks cir- 
 conftances. 
 
 No. III. 
 
 Manifefie publie en Suede. 
 
 CHARLES, par la grace de Dieu Land- 
 grave ^ Prince de Heffe, &c, 
 
 Savoir faifons, que S. M. le Roi de Danne- 
 marc, Norvege, &c. &c. s'ecant en vertu de fes 
 traites & engageirens avec la Ruffie vu obligee 
 de ccurr, fur la requifition qui en a ete faite, a 
 S. M. I'Imperatrice de Ruffie une partie de fes 
 forces de lerre & de mer, commie troupes auxili- 
 aircs c^.ntre la Suede •, fa volonte eft, que ces 
 troupes aux liaires obfervent I'ordre & la difcipline 
 les plus exacT:s, & ne caufent a perfonne, qui ne 
 fcra point de refillance hoftile, le moindre dom- 
 mage, mais au contraire que la propriete de 
 chaque fujet Suedois foit protegee & aflurec 
 5 de
 
 [ ?• ] 
 
 Icfs prefiime to make any incurfions and devafta- 
 tions in the neighbouring kingdom. Even thofe, 
 who belong to our army, be chey military or not, 
 Ihall take efpecial care not to caufe the leaft mo- 
 leftation or damage, either to the perfons or pro- 
 perty of any Swedirti fubjefts, when not foun^ in 
 arms, or committing holtilities : but, on the con- 
 trary, that the mofh flrid; good order and difci- 
 piine be obferved, that all peaceable Svvediih fub- 
 je6ls may enjoy the moft perfedl proteftion. Who- 
 ever dare to tranfgrefs this ordinance fliall be 
 judged without remiflion, with all the rigour of 
 military law, and according to circumllances, 
 puniflied with death. 
 
 No. Ill, 
 
 A Manifefto publijhed in Sweden. 
 
 W E, Cliarlcs, by the grace of God, Land- 
 grave and Prince of Piefie, &c. 
 
 Be it known : That his Majefty, the King of 
 Denmark, Norway, &c. &c. being by virtue of 
 his treaties and engagements with RufTia, obliged 
 to cede to her Majefty the Emprefs of Ruflla, on 
 the requifition, which has been made, a part of 
 his land and fea forces, as auxiliaries againft Swe- 
 den : it is therefore his will and pleafure, that his 
 auxiliary troops obfcrve the molt ftrift order and 
 dilcipline, and do no damage to any perfon not 
 in hoftiliiy : bur, on the contrary, that the pro- 
 G 4 pert/
 
 [ 7» ] 
 
 dc toute maniere, & que quiconque oferoit con-i 
 tre toute attente voler, piller ou commettre des 
 violences, foit puni fans remiffion avec la plus 
 grande feverite, S. M. ne defirant que d'alleger 
 les fardeaux de h guerre autant que les circon- 
 ftances peuvent le permettre. Sa dite Majefte 
 s'affure aufli, que fes troupes, eu egard a ces pro- 
 cedes, rencontreront un accueil reciproque en 
 Suede, & en particulier, que les habitans, foit 
 bourgeois, foit payfans, ne fe porteront point 
 contre eux a des refiftances a main armee, ou 
 a des attaques hoftiles, puifque ceux, qui en 
 contrevenant aux ufages de la guerre, etoient 
 attrapes de cette fafon fous les armes, s'attire- 
 ront immanquablement a eux, & a ceux qui leur 
 appartiennenr, le traitement le plus rigoureux ^ 
 toutes les calamites de la guerre. 
 
 No. IV. 
 
 ARTICLES d'une Convention de cejfation d^hojiili- 
 t is pendant huit jours^ entre les troupes de S. M. 
 le Rot de Suede, ds? celles fous les ordrcs de 
 S. A, S. le Prince de Hejfe. 
 
 Sous la gracieufe approbation de S. A. R, 
 Mgr. le Prince Royal j'accepte avec joye la con- 
 vention propofee en tous fes points j en y ajoutanc 
 les notes fuivantes. 
 
 Article I. 
 La cejjation d^ armes [era de huit jours, a comp- 
 ter d'auJQurd bui le g, O^obre a minuit entre le 9.
 
 [ 73 ] 
 perty of every Swedifh fubjed: be protefted, an4 
 every way fecured j and that whoever fhall dare, 
 contrary to all expeftation, to Ileal, pillage, or 
 commit any aft of violence, (hall be punifhed 
 without forgivenefs, with the utmoft feverity : his 
 Majefty being defirous to eafe the burthen of war, 
 as much as circumftances will allow. His Ma- 
 jefty likewife aflures himfclf, that his troops, in, 
 regard to thefe proceedings, will meet in Sweden 
 with a reciprocal reception ; and particularly that 
 the inhabitants, whether citizens or peafants, will 
 not hoftilely oppofe or attack them with arms ; as 
 thofe offending againft the cuftoms of war, and 
 found in arms, will infallibly draw upon them- 
 felves, and theirs, the moft rigorous treatment, 
 with all the calamities of war. 
 
 No. IV. 
 
 AR'^ICLES of Convention^ for a ceffation of hojii- 
 lifies, during eight days -, between the troops of his 
 Swedifh Majejly, and thofe under the co'mmand of 
 his Serene Highnefs the Prince of Heffe. 
 
 With the gracious approbation of his Royal 
 Highnefs the Crown-Prince, I joyfully accept the 
 propofed convention, in all points ; adding there- 
 to the following notes. 
 
 Article I. 
 
 ^he ceffation of hojiilities (hall lafi eight days ; 
 beginning with this day, the ninth of October ^ at 
 
 midnight^
 
 [ 74 ] 
 
 i^ le lOi jujqu^a la meme heure du i6. du com ant 
 inclujivtment. 
 
 Oui, & poLirra etre prolongee des que S. M. 
 Suedoife le trouvera bon. 
 
 Art. II. 
 
 Les troupes fous le commandsment de S. A. S. le 
 Prince de Heffe; rejieront dans le dijiri£i aoluellement 
 occupe par clles^ enire Amal^ Wennerjbourg l^ Kon- 
 gelf, y ne s^ctcndrcnt pas au dela. Pendafit le terns 
 de la cejjation d^ amies ces troupes yCentreprendront 
 attcune hojlilite \ ainft que de la part des troupes 
 Suedoifes aucune demarche hojlile [era faite contre 
 les troupes Danoijes. 
 
 Oui. 
 
 Art. III. 
 
 5". M. le Rot de Suede s'engrge de Jon cote, de 
 faire exped/er tout de jidte les ordres par courier 
 a fes troupes de ierre., pour r.rreitr tciite entreprife 
 contre les troupes fou: Is commandement du Frince de 
 Hcjje^ des que S. A. S. aura reconnu cette convene 
 tion etablie. 
 
 J'ai envo}c ce macip. iin courier au Lieuc. gene- 
 ral de Krogh, pour faire retirer inceffammenc les 
 troupes qui etoient entre en Jemteland. 
 
 Art. IV. 
 
 Pour pr eve air tout mes-entendu & explication fuh- 
 fequente^ il eji Jous cntendu, que ce qui pourra etre 
 arrive en attendant hors du dijlricl marque dans 
 
 Varti-
 
 [ 75 ] 
 
 t'iidnight, between the ninth and tenths till the fam 
 hour of the ftxteenth ijijlant inclufive. 
 
 Agreed to j and may be prolonged, if his Swe- 
 difh Majefty pleafes. 
 
 Article II. 
 
 I'he troops under the command of his Serene 
 Highnefs the Prince of Heffe^ Pall remain in the 
 dijiricl they now occupy between Amal, Wennerfhurg^ 
 and Kongelf^ and fhall extend no farther. During 
 the time of this ceffation of arms, thofe troops fjjall 
 not undertake any hoflility -, nor floall the Swedifh 
 troops commit any againfi the Danifh. 
 
 Agreed to. 
 
 Article III. 
 
 His Majefiy the King of Sweden • obliges himfelf, 
 on his parti forthivith to defpatch couriers to his 
 land- army, with orders to ft op all enterprifes againft 
 the troops commanded by the Prince of Heffe, as foon 
 as his Serene Highnefs fhall acknowledge this conven- 
 tion eftahlifloed. 
 
 I have fent a courier this morning to Lieutenant- 
 General de Krogh, immediately to withdraw the 
 troops which have entered into Jemteland. 
 
 Article IV. 
 
 I'o obviate all mifunderftanding and fubfrqticnt 
 explanations^ it is to be undcrftoody That whalcjcr 
 may have happened in the interim.^ beyond the diftritt 
 
 declared
 
 [ 76 ] 
 
 T article 2. de la prefente convention^ en confequence 
 des ordres donnis avant ce jour d'hui^ ne /era repute 
 £omme tine infraSlion de la prefente convention, 
 Cela s'entend. 
 
 Art. V. 
 
 Vijle de Hifmgen fera cenfie territoire neutre^ 
 fur leqtiel on n'enverra point de troupes de part Csf 
 d^ autre, excepte ks point es les plus proches deGothen" 
 hourg, qui font occupees par Us Suedois. 
 
 Je ferai occuper les pointes les plii? proches 
 de jBahuus de meme par un piquet. 
 
 Art. VI. 
 
 Cette convention n'etant pas formellement ftgnee.^ 
 Vobfervation de fon contenu dependra uniquement de 
 la bonne fci des deux parties belliger antes ^ rCen 
 fera pas moins obligatoire des deux cotes, des que It 
 Sr. Elliot, Envoys extraordinaire & Minijlre-pleni- 
 potentiaire de S. M. le Roi de la Grande-Bretagne, 
 fera fnis a meme de pouvoir affurer reciproquement^ 
 qu'elle foit acceptee de part i^ d' autre. 
 Gothenbourg, le 9. O^obre 1788. 
 
 Je ferai obferver avec toute la bonne foi ima- 
 ginable cette convention aux troupes que j'ai 
 I'honneur de commander. 
 
 Bahuus, le 9. Odobre 1788. 
 
 Charles P. de Hefle. 
 
 No.
 
 t 77 ] 
 
 declared in the fecond article of this Convention^ in 
 confequence of orders given before this day, fhall not 
 be conjidered as an inf ration of this agreement. 
 Agreed. 
 
 Article V. 
 
 The ijland of Hifmgen fhall be confidered as a 
 neutral territory^ to which tio troops floall be fent 
 from either -party, except only to the points neareji to 
 Gothenburg, which are occupied by the Swedes, 
 
 I fhall order the neareft points to Bahuus to be 
 likewife occupied by a piquet. 
 
 Article VI. 
 
 'This Convention not being figned in due form, the 
 obfervation of its contents will depend only on the 
 good faith of the two belligerent parties; and fhall 
 not be lefs binding, on both fides, when Mr. Elliot, 
 Envoy-extraordinary and Minifter plenipotentiary of 
 his Majejiy the King of Great-Britain, fhall be en^ 
 abled, reciprocally, to affure the fame of its having 
 keen agreed to by both parties. 
 
 Gothenburg f the ^th Ocfober, 1788. 
 
 I Ihall caufe this Convention to be obferved, by 
 the army I have the honour to command, with all 
 imaginable good faith. 
 
 Bahuus, Oaob. 9th, 1788. 
 
 Charles, P. of Heffe. 
 No.
 
 t 78 J ^ 
 
 No. V. 
 
 Lettre de P. de Hejfe a Mr. Elliot, enveyee par 
 trompette le I'^.O^, 1788. 
 
 Je viens d'apprendre qu'une vingtaine de 
 barques chargees de provifions, & une c*:)uple de 
 barques chargees d'drtillerie ont ece enlcvees depuis 
 la conclufion de I'armiftice entre Stroemiladt ftc 
 Uddewalla. Votre nom, Monfieur, garant de I'ar- 
 miflice, ne me permet point de craindre que Ton 
 voudra le moins du monde derenir ces priles faites 
 hier& avanthier, foit par des chaloupes de S. M. 
 Suedoife, foit par des payfans amies, J'ofe don*' 
 Vous prier, Mr., de les reclamer en conlequence 
 du traice d'armiftice. Je luis &c. 
 
 No. vr. 
 
 Reponje de Air. Elliot, de Gothenbourg ce 14. 
 OElohre. 
 
 J'ai re^u fort tard hier au foir la lettre que 
 V. A. S. m'a envoyee par trompette. Dans ce 
 moment je viens de chez le Roi, qui expediera un 
 trompette cet apres midi avec une lettre qui con- 
 tiendra fes fentimens fur I'affaire des prifes. Avant 
 que d'avoir vu re que S. M. Suedoiie dira de 
 definitif lur cctte inatiere importante, je me bor- 
 ncrai a faire des vcjcux pour la conlbmmation d'un 
 ouvrage aufTi ialutaire que la paix, mais qui 
 fouffre <\t?> obltaclcs bien imprevus.
 
 t 19 ] 
 No. V. 
 
 Letter from the Prince of Hejfc to Mr. Elliot j fent 
 by a trumpeter, October i^thy 1788. 
 
 I this moment learn, that about twenty barks, 
 laden with provifions, and a couple of barks laden 
 with artillery, have been taken between Stroemftadt 
 and Uddewalla, fince the conclufion of the armif- 
 tice. Your name, Sir, as a guarantee of the 
 truce^ will not permit me to fear that thefe prizes 
 will be in the lead detained, having been made 
 but yefterday and the day before, partly by floops 
 belonging to his Swedifh Majefty, and partly by 
 armed peafants. I take the liberty. Sir, therefore, 
 to entreat you to reclaim them, in confequence of 
 the treaty for a ceiTation of hoftilities. 
 
 I am, &c. 
 
 No. VI. 
 
 Mr. Elliot's anfwer from Gothenburg, OEloh. 1 4. 
 
 It was very late yefterday evening when I re- 
 ceived the letter your Serene Highncfs fent me by 
 a trumpeter. — I this moment come from the King, 
 who will defpatch a trumpeter this afternoon v/ith 
 a letter, containing his thoughts on the affair of 
 the prizes. Before having feen what his SvvediHi 
 Majefty will decide on this important fubicd, I 
 confine myfelf to the wifh, for effcdling fo uiluMry 
 a work as the reftoration of peace \ but wl)ich 
 
 mecrs
 
 [ «° 1 
 
 Je n'ai pas juge a propos de faire parvenir Ic 
 J)rojet d*un fecond armiftice a V. A. pendant une 
 difcuflion aufli defagreable fur la maniere dont la 
 teneur du premier a eie obfervee. J'ai I'honrieur 
 d'etre &c. 
 
 P. S. J*ai Thonneur d'enfermer le rapport de 
 roffieicr Danois, & le re^u de I'admiral Ahrcnfeldt. 
 
 No. vir. 
 
 Lettre a Mr. Elliot, de Bahus, 15 051. 1788. 
 
 N'AYANT point re^u encore le trompette 
 que Vous avez bien voulu m'annoncer, Monfieur, 
 de la part de S. M. Suedoife, & I'armiftice expirant 
 demain, j'ai cru de mon devoir de Vous mander 
 prealablement, que je me vois oblige malheureu- 
 fement de recommencer les hoftilites au moment de 
 fa cefTation. J'ofe efperer que I'armidice a ete 
 tenu de notre coie avec la rigidite & la bonne foi 
 les plus exemplaires. Malgre les circonftances 
 arrivees du cote de Marftrandt, je n'ai point voulu 
 porter le moindre obftacle les deux nuits dernieres 
 a I'approvifionnement de la ville de Gotlienbourg, 
 quoique les chariots traverferent fans interruption 
 lous mes yeux la rive oppofee. J'ofe efperer que 
 ce precede fera quelque imprefllon a I'endroit ou 
 Vous Vous trouvez. Je ne me perniets plus de 
 Vous faire mention de la reclamation ; c'eft Votre 
 affaire, Mr. comme garant, bien plus que la 
 mienne. Je ne puis neanmoins paffer entierement 
 2 fous
 
 t 81 ] 
 
 rnieets \vith obftacles quite unforefeen.— I have not 
 judged it proper to fend your Highnefs the plaa 
 of a fecond armiftice, during fo difagreeable a dif- 
 tuffion refpefting the manner in which the tenour 
 of the firft has been obferved. I have the honour 
 to be, &c. 
 
 P. S. I have the honour to enclofe the report 
 of the Danifh officer, and the receipt of Admiral 
 Ahrenfeldt. 
 
 No. VII. 
 
 Cetier to Mr, Elliot^ from Bahuus. 0^» 15/K 
 1788. 
 
 NOT havilig yet received the trumpet you 
 announced to me from his Swedilh Majefty, and 
 the truce expiring to-morrow, I thought it my 
 duty previoufly to inform you of my being unfor- 
 tunately neccffitated to renew hoftilities the mo- 
 ment it ceafes. I dare flatter myfelf that the ar- 
 miftice has been kept, on our part, with the moft 
 rigid feverity and good faith. Notwithftanding 
 the circumftances v;hich occurred at Marftrand, I 
 would not, during thefe two nights paft, in the leaft 
 obftru6l the provifioning tlie city of Gothenburg j 
 although the waggons continually crofled the op- 
 pofite (hore, within my fight. Such behaviour, I 
 hope, will make fome imprefllon at the place 
 where you are. I permit myfelf no further men- 
 
 Q tioa
 
 [ 82 ] 
 
 fous filence, que Vous m'aviez offert ou promis deS 
 provifions pour le tems de I'armiftice: j'y ai re- 
 nonce fans aucune difficuke fur Votre afliirance, 
 qu'il Vous feroit presqu' impoflible de rri'en fourniri 
 & puis on me prend au milieu de I'armiftice celles 
 que je fais venir, apres avoir ordonne a la flotte de 
 fe tenir a I'ecart, pour pre venir les hoftilites. 
 Je fuis &c. 
 
 No. viir. 
 
 Lettre au mhne de la meme date. 
 
 VOUS voudrez bien que j'ajoute quelquei' 
 lignes a la precedence, Mr. Vous connoiflcz tous 
 mes procedes, toute la bonne foi avec laquelle j'ai 
 retire mes troupes de I'aucre cote de la Giotha, & 
 comme j'ai d'abord faic halte au moment ou j'ai 
 refu la nouvelle du fcjour du Roi a Gothenbourg, 
 & par relpect pour S. M. Suedoife, & par pour 
 Vos reprefentations au nom de S. M. Bricannique, 
 Vous n'ignorez point que d'ailleurs Gothenbourg 
 auroit eie occupe par les troupes auxiliaires, felon 
 toutes les apparences. Vous vous rapellerez aufll, 
 que j'ai donne avec joie les mains au traitc d'ar- 
 miftice, & que j'y ai temoignc meme qu'il depen- 
 droit de S. M. Suedoife de le prolonger. Je crois 
 n'avoir pu faire plus. Si done S. M. Suedoife ne 
 define point la prolongation de I'armiftice, je mc 
 declare abiblumcnt libre de toute faute, & 8. M. 
 eft ra2;erefteur felon toutes les loix de la guerre. 
 5 Jc
 
 [ 83 1 
 
 tlon of the reclamation •, ic being your bufinefs, as 
 guarantee, more than mine. Neverthelefs, I can- 
 not quite pafs over in filence your having offered, 
 or promifed me, fomeprovifions during the time of 
 the armiftice, which I renounced without any dif- 
 ficulty, when you affured me it would be next to an 
 impofiibility to fupply me with any -, and their 
 having, in the midit of the truce, taken from me 
 thofe I had Tent for myklf; after I had ordered 
 the fleet to keep at fome diftance, to prevent hofli- 
 lities. I am, &c. 
 
 No. viir. 
 
 Another Letter to the fame, of the fame date, 
 
 PERMIT me. Sir, to add a few lines to 
 the preceding. You know all my proceedings, 
 and the integrity with which I have withdrawn my 
 troops from the other fide the Giotha ; and of my 
 having ordered them to halt, the inftant 1 was ap- 
 prifed of the King's (lay at Gothenburg; both out 
 of regard for his Majefty, and tor your reprerenta- 
 tions in the name of his Britannick Majefty. You 
 well know, that to all appearance Gothenburg 
 would otherwife have been taken poffcffion of by 
 the auxiliaries. Pleafe alfo to remember, how 
 joyfully I gave my hand to the treaty for an ar- 
 miftice, and that I there even teftiiied that it de- 
 pended on his Swedifh Majefty to prolong it. 
 More than this I think I could not have done. If, 
 G 2 therefore.
 
 [ «4 1 
 
 Je me flatte que Vous voudrez bren, Mr. faire 
 valoir ces raifans aux cours de Londres & de Berlid 
 avec tout le fentiment qui Vous caraflerife. 
 
 Les payfans font ameutes meme dc la chaire i 
 je me verrai done oblige d'employer les moyens- 
 les plus feveres & qui repugnent a mon coeur, 
 Je me dedis de toute refponfabilite a cet egard, Sc 
 je mets fur la confcience du Roi tout le fang qui 
 coulera, & toutes les infortunes que les procedes de 
 S. M. occafionneront a fes malheureux fujets. 
 Comme je compte m'eloigner demain dc bon matin 
 d*ici, je Vous prie de me renvoyer le trompette Ic 
 plutot faifable. Je fuis, &c. 
 
 No. IX. 
 
 Expofe adrejfe a S. J. R, Mgr. le Prince -Royal 
 par S. M. Suedoife, du i^. 05i. 178S. 
 
 La convention pour une ceflation d'hoftilitcs 
 a ece conclue le 9. d'Oftobre, fignee par le Roi, 
 le foir entre 10& 11 heures apres le retour de 
 Mr. Elliot du quartier general de S. A. S. le Prince 
 de Hefle. 
 
 Cette convention ne fait aucunement mentioa 
 de treve par mer ; au contraire, il eft uniquement 
 marque dans I'art. 3, que les conditions acceptees, 
 le Roi feroit expedier tout de fuite des ordres par 
 courier a fes troupes de terre pour arreter toute 
 cntreprife, fans qu'il y foit queftion de quelques 
 ordres pour la marine \ ce qui a d'abord ete exe- 
 cute
 
 ( 85 ] 
 tTitrefore, his Swedifli Majefty has no defire to pro- 
 iong the armiftice, I declare myfelf abfolutely 
 clear of all blame ; his Majefty being the aggreflbr 
 according to all the laws of war. I flatter myfelf 
 you will urge thefe realbns to the courts of London 
 and Berlin, with all that fentiment confpicuous in 
 your charafter. 
 
 The peafants are even ftirred up from the pul- 
 pits ; I fhall be neceffitated, therefore, to employ 
 the moft levere means, though fo repugnant to my 
 feelings. I difown all refponfibility in that refpeft ; 
 and charge the King's confcience with all the 
 bloodlhed and calamities which his Majefty's pro- 
 ceedings may occafion to his unhappy fubjedis. 
 As I propofe to remove from this place early to- 
 morrow, I beg you to return me the trumpet as 
 foon as pofiible, I am, &c. 
 
 No. IX. 
 
 Declaration of his Swedijh Majefty ; addrejfed to his 
 Royal Highnefs the Prince-Royal of Denmark, 
 dated October 13, 1788. 
 
 The convention for a ceflation of hoftilities 
 was concluded the 9th of 0(rtober, and figned by 
 the King, between ten and eleven at night, after 
 Mr. Elliot's return from the head- quarters of his 
 Serene Highnefs Prince Charles. 
 
 This convention makes not the leaft mention 
 
 of a truce by fea. On the contrary, it is only 
 
 G 3 flipulated
 
 [ 86 ] 
 
 cute, S. M. ayant tout de fuite fait expedier une 
 eftafette au Baron d'Armfeld & aux autres com- 
 mandants de troupes avec des copies de la conven- 
 tion. Mr. d'Elliot, revenu de chez le Prince de 
 Heffe, a apporte une lectre volante pour Tadmiral 
 Ahrenfeld de la part du Prince de HefTe, qui en- 
 joignoit a cet admiral de fe retirer a Uddewalla 
 pendant la treve & de ne point entreprendre quel- 
 que chofe d'hoftile dans Ics ports voilins. Voila 
 a peu pres le contenu de les ordres, autant que 
 Ton peut s'cn rapeiler. Le Roi qui ne s'attendoit 
 rien moins qu'a cctte extenfion de la treve, & 
 qui avoit deja donne des ordres pour les operations 
 qui ont ete executees depuis d'apres leur bur, 
 trouva d'uutant plus de difficultes a fe conformer 
 aux In 'lances de Mr, Elliot de faire cxpedier de 
 pareils ordres aux commandants des vaifTeaux & 
 batimen'- arr/.e-^ u Roi dans ces paflages, que 
 non ku'ement I't-n^reprile ecoit prefque afluree, 
 mais qu'on prevoyoit encore les difcufTions qui 
 s^en luivroient, fi ces ordres ne parviendroient pas 
 affcz a terns pour retiier ceux precedamment don- 
 nes. Cepcndanc pour donner une nouvelle preuve 
 de fa delicac^fle & de fcs procedes S. M. expedia 
 a minuit un officii^r avec crdre de refpecfler les 
 poru u'UJdewalla & Strosmftadr, les deux ports 
 de mtr fur cette cote qui fjnt au pouvoir des 
 troui es du Prince de HeiTe. Les batimens pris 
 & aiiic.-ej a Maiftrand ont ete captures dans les 
 fkiars, les premiers meme avant que I'ordre luldit 
 cut pu aniver : cnfin aucun batiment n'a ete pris 
 
 dan^
 
 [ 8; ] 
 
 ftipulated by the third article, that immediately 
 after the conditions being accepted, the King 
 would defpatch orders to his land troops, to (lop 
 all further enterprife ; without a word of any fuch 
 orders to the navy. This was executed accord- 
 ingly : his Majefty having forthwith fent an ex- 
 prefs to Baron Armfeldt, and the other comman- 
 ders of the troops, with copies of the convention. 
 Mr. Elliot, on his return from the Frince of Hefle, 
 brought an open letter for Admiral Ahrenfeldr, 
 from that Prince, enjoining the Admiral to retire, 
 during the truce, to Uddevvalla, and to attempt 
 no hortilities in the adjacent harbours. Thi-, was, 
 as far as we recoiled, nearly the contents of his 
 orders. The Kmg, who thought of nothing lefs, 
 than fuch a ftretch of the armiftice, and who had 
 already given his inftrudtions for the operations, 
 which have been fince carried into execution as 
 propofed, hefitated the more to acquiefce with 
 Mr, Elliot's entreaties, to defpatch the like orders 
 to the commanders of the King's fhips, and armed 
 veflels, ftationed in thofe palfages ; as the enter- 
 prife was not only almoft fure, but itswas eafy to 
 forefee the difputes that would arife, in cafe thefe 
 orders fhould not arrive time enough, to withdraw 
 thofe given before. However, to give a new in- 
 ftance of the delicacy of his proceedings, his Ma- 
 jefty fent an officer at midnight, with orders to 
 infpecfl the ports of Uddewalla and Stroemftadt; 
 the two fea-ports on that coafl: which are in the 
 power of the Prince of Hefle's troops. The vef- 
 Icls that were taken and carried to Marftrand, were 
 G 4 captured
 
 [ 88 ] 
 
 dans les endroits que par une extention de la con-» 
 vention S. M. avoir bien voulu excepter. 
 
 II eft done clair, que la convention n'etant 
 faite que par terre ; que meme par Particle 3 de 
 la dite convention les hoftilites commifes avant; 
 Tarrivee des ordres portants la nouvelle de la treve, 
 ne pouvant etre relevees ; a plus forte raifon ces 
 captures, etant faites par mer, font inconteftables 
 & ne peuvent en rien etre contraires aux conven- 
 tions ecrites •, & qu'enfin ayant ete faites a plufieurs 
 lieues de diftance des ports d'Uddewalla & de 
 Stroemftad, que le Roi avoit par un nouvel ade 
 de complaifance cxceptes, elles font aufli incon- 
 teftables : & le foin que S. M. a mis, que fes 
 troupes n'ayent en rien molefte ni meme fe foient 
 montre vis a vis des poftes des troupes aux ordres 
 du Prince de Hefle, le filence que S. M. a garde 
 fur les plaintes que fes fujets Lui ont portees de 
 plufieuts defagremens caufes de ce cote de la ri- 
 viere commune, par les troupes Norvegiennes, 
 font autant de temoignages des defirs de S. M, 
 d*eviter toutes nouvelles aigreurs & de parvenir 
 au but clefirable de pacifier des difTerends, qui 
 pour le bien commun euflent ece a defirer, qu'ils 
 jjie fe fufTent jamais eleve. 
 
 No. X.
 
 [ «9 1 
 
 captured in the Skiars, the firftof them before the 
 above-mentioned order could reach them : in fhorr, 
 no vefTcls were I'eiled in the places which his Ma- 
 jefty, by extending the convention, had been 
 pleafed to except. Hence it is clear, that fince 
 the convention was confined only to the land ; 
 and as by the third article no hoftilities were to be 
 accountable which might be committed previous 
 to the arrival of thofe orders, that contained advice 
 of the truce, but more efpecially becaufe thofe 
 captures were made at fea ; they are therefore in- 
 conteftable, and can be no ways contrary to the 
 written conventions. And, finally, having been 
 made at a diftance of feveral leagues from the 
 ports of Uddewalla and Stroemftadt, which the 
 King by a new ad of complaifance had excepted ; 
 they are for that reafon alfo inconteftable prizes. 
 The cafe taken by his Majefty, that his troops 
 Ihould nor any wife moleft, nor even prefent them- 
 felves before, the polls of thofe under the Prince 
 of Hefle's command ; and his filence to his fub- 
 jeds complaints, of feveral vexations caufed on 
 this fide the common river by the Norwegian 
 troops, are fo many demonftrations of his Ma- 
 jelly's defire to avoid every new animofity, and 
 to attain the defirable end of fettling thofe diffe- 
 rences, which, for the common good, it were to 
 be wilhed had never exifted. 
 
 No. X.
 
 [ 90 3 
 No. X. 
 
 LeSire de Mr. Elliot, de Gothenboiirg 15. Qst, 
 1788. 
 
 J*ai I'honneur d'envoyer a V. A. S. une lettrc 
 du Roi de Suede a S. A. R. Mgr. le Prince-Royal 
 de Dannemarc. S. M. doit y avoir fait part des 
 raifons, fur lefquelles Elle fe croit fondee a ne pas 
 regarder les prifes faites -par mer comme une in- 
 fraftion d'un armiftice qui ne s'etendoit que fur 
 les operations des troupes de terre. En meme 
 terns i'apprens, que le Roi ofFre de rendre les 
 barques Norvegiennes, & de remettre la difcufTion 
 fur la faifie des canons a une epoque ulterieu,re. 
 line m'appartient pas de faire aucune remarque 
 fur ces offres jufqu'a ce que je fache Teffet qu'ils 
 auront produit lur V. A. S. & je me bornerai a 
 attendre fa reponfe. V. A. S. trouvera ci-joint 
 le projet du nouveau armiftice par mer & pur terre. 
 Le Baron de Borcke offre d'aj outer fon nom au 
 mien, pour en affurer I'obfervation la plus ftrictq 
 dans tous les points. 
 
 J'ai I'honneur, &c. 
 
 No. XI.
 
 [ 9^ ] 
 
 No. X. 
 
 Mr. Elliofs Letter from Gothenburg, dated 
 05f. 15, 1788. 
 
 I have the honour to fend your Serene High- 
 nefs, a letter from the King of Sweden to the 
 Prince-Royal of Denmark. His Majefty, it is 
 fuppofed, has in this letter imparted the reafons, 
 by which he believes himfelf juftified in confider- 
 ing the captures made by fea^ as no infringement 
 of the armiftice, which extended only to the ope- 
 rations of the army by land. At the fame time, 
 I have heard that the King offers to reftore the 
 Norwegian barks, and to poftpone the difcuflion 
 ^efpeding the feifure of the cannons, to fome fu- 
 ture opportunity. It does not become me to 
 make any remarks upon thefe offers, till I know 
 what effe6l they have had with your Serene High- 
 nefs i and therefore I confine myfelf to the expec- 
 tation of your anfwer. Your Serene Highnefs 
 will find, here annexed, the plan of a new truce 
 by fea and by land. Baron Borcke offers to add his 
 name to mine, the better to fecure its moll &nt\ 
 obfervation in all points. 
 I have the honour, &c. 
 
 No. xr.
 
 - [ 9-- 3 
 
 No. XL 
 
 Letire de Mr. de Borcke, Minijire de Prujfe^ aii 
 Prince de Hejfe^ de Gcthenbourg 15. 051, 1788. 
 
 Je profite de I'occafion favourable que m'offrc 
 Mr. le Baron d'Albedyhl, qui va fe rendre auprcs 
 de V. A. S. pour Lui prefenter mes hommages 
 par ecrit & rinf'ormer, que je viens dans ce mo- 
 iment d'arriver en cette ville, charge de depeches 
 de la part de S. E. Mr. le Comte de Bernftorff, 
 pour Elle. Je lerois enchante fi V. A. S. vou- 
 lolc me faire favoir, quand Elle me permettra de 
 les Lui prefenter, & fi Elle vouloit en meme terns 
 me faire la faveur de m'obtenir la permifTion de 
 faire ma cour a S. A. R. Mgr. le Prince Royal de 
 Dannemarc. Ce n'eft pas fans la plus vive fatis- 
 fadlion que j'ai appris en arrivant ici \t% pas deci- 
 fifs, qui fe font deja faits pour ramener un ordre 
 des chofes plus tranquile dans ces contrees, & que 
 mon digne ami Mr. Elliot ne m'a prefque rien 
 laiffe a faire, que de ratifier au nom du Roi mon 
 maitre tout ce quil a eu occafion de manifefier a F. 
 A, S. de la maniere de penfer des deux cours alliees 
 pour le repos de l*Europe, & acftuellement media- 
 trices dans les troubles du Nord. 
 
 11 ne me refte que de rcpeter a V. A. S. les 
 afTurances du profond refpeft, &c. 
 
 No. XIL
 
 i 9Z } 
 
 No. XL 
 
 Letter from Mr. de Borcke, the PruJJian Minijleri 
 to the Prince of Heffe, from Gothenburg^ 0£i. 1 5, 
 17S8. 
 
 I avail myfelf of the favourable opportunity 
 offered me by Baron d'AlbedyhJ, who is going to 
 wait on your Serene Highnefs, to prefent you 
 with my refpefls in writing, and inform you of 
 iny arrival in this town this very moment ; charged 
 with defpatches for you, from his Excellency- 
 Count Bernfdorf. I fliall be glad to be apprifed 
 by your Serene Highnefs, when you will be. 
 pleafed to permit my prefenting them to you ; and 
 that you would at the fame time do me the favour 
 to procure me leave, to pay my refpedts to his 
 Koyal Highnefs the Crown-Prince of Denmark. 
 Jt is with the moil lively fatisfaftion I have been 
 informed on my. arrival, of the decifive fteps al- 
 ready taken, to reftore every thing to a more 
 peaceable fcate in this country ; and that my wor- 
 thy friend, Mr. Elliot, has left me almoll nothing 
 further to do, but to ratify in the. name of the 
 Kingy my majier^ whate'ver he had occafion to mani' 
 feji to your Highnefs, concerning the way of think- 
 ing of the two courts, allied for the tranquillity of 
 Europe •, and now adual mediatours in the trou- 
 bles of the north. 
 
 Nothing at prefent remains for me to do, bur 
 to repeat to your Serene Highnefs the affurances of 
 profound refped:, &c, 
 
 ' ' No. xir.
 
 t 94 ] 
 
 No. XIL 
 
 Lettre du Prince a Mr. Elliot, de Bahuus i6. Ocit 
 17S8. 
 
 Je me fais un plaifir, Mr. de Vous remettre 
 la convention projettee avec quelques notes ou 
 conditions que j'y ai ajoutces, Je crois qu'on 
 pourra done figner & prevenir fans delai les hofti- 
 lites de bonne foi partout: elles font d'ailleurs fur 
 le point de recommencer. 
 
 Mgr. le Prince-Royal me charge de Vous faire 
 bien fes complimens: S. A. R. fe perfuade que 
 Vous faurez regler Particle des canons, qui Lui 
 tient extremement a coeur. C'eft fous ce point de 
 vue que je Vous fupplie d'y employer tous Vos 
 bons offices. Outre cela S. M. Suedoife ne par- 
 lant que dcs barques Norvegicnnes dans fa lettre, 
 paroit faire une difference avec les barques Sue- 
 doifes, qui ne font au refte que des barques fret- 
 tees a Stroemftadt, J'ofe done reclamer toutes 
 les prifes faites dans les Skiars, ainfi non fur mer, 
 durant I'armiftice, & je fuis perfuade, qu'un moc 
 de Votre part a S. M. Suedoife mettra toute 
 I'affaire fous un autre jour, & fera fentir a S. M. 
 qu'une capture faite fous la bonne foi de I'armi- 
 ftice, ne fauroit jamais etre confei vee avec hon- 
 neur par une des parties contradantes. 
 
 Comme on a lu ces jours pafTcs des manifeftes 
 propres a faire prendre les armes a tous \qs pay- 
 fans dans les pays occupcs, contre nous, il fera 
 d'autant plus necefiaire de faire publier une defenfe 
 
 de
 
 r 95 ] 
 
 No. XII. 
 
 JLetier from the Prince to Mr, Elliot, Bahuus, 
 OEi, 16, 1788. 
 
 It is with pleafure, Sir, I remit you the pro» 
 je6led convention, with feme notes or conditions 
 of mine added. I think we may alfo proceed to 
 the figning, and, without delay, faithfully pre- 
 vent hoftilities every where, which otherwife are 
 on the point of re-commencing. 
 
 His Royal Highnefs the Crown-Prince, charges 
 me with his compliments to you. He perfuades 
 himfelf, you will know how to fettle the article 
 of the cannons, which he has much at heart. It is 
 in this point of view, I befeech you to employ all 
 your good offices. Moreover, as his Swedifh 
 Majefty, who only mentions the Norwegian harks 
 in his letter, feems to diftinguifli them from the 
 Swedifh barks, though only freighted at Stroem- 
 ftadt. I venture to reclaim all the prizes made, 
 during the truce, within the Sheers (Skiars) and 
 confequently not in the open fea, and am per- 
 fuaded, a word of yours to his Swedifh Majefty, 
 will let this whole affair in a different light ; and 
 convince his Majefty, that a capture made during 
 the faith of an armiftice, cannot be kept with ho« 
 nour by either of the contrafling parties. 
 
 As manifeftoes have been read within thefe few 
 days from the pulpits, tending to excite all tlie 
 peafants to arm againft us, in the countries of 
 which we are in pofftfllon, it will be the more 
 
 ncceffary,
 
 i 96 1 
 
 de S. M. le Roi d& Suede, que cela pourroit fair<; 
 fans aucune utilite le malheur de quantite de fa- 
 milies, qui par zele & par fidelite a leur maitre 
 courent a leur perte. 
 
 Quoique le nom d'Elliot m'eft fuffifant a tous 
 egards, cependant 'je verrai avec plaifir la figna- 
 ture de Mr. de Borcke fous le traite, ce done ]t 
 Vous prie de TafTurer. 
 
 Je fuis, &c. 
 
 No. XIII. 
 
 Lettre de jMj'. Elliot^ de Gothenhourg le 16 O&4 
 1788. 
 
 J'aurai I'honneur d'envoyer a V. A. S. ce foif 
 la fignature prcalable du Roi de Suede au projet 
 du nouveau armiftice. Demain Mr. le Baron de 
 Borcke conjointement avec moi expliquera a V. 
 A. S. les .Tiodifications que nous propofons pour 
 les articles 5. & 7. En attendant Ics ordres doi- 
 vent partir incelTamment pour tous les pofles, de 
 ne commettre aucun a6te d'hoftilite ; mais puif- 
 qu'il faut au moins 48. heures pour que ces ordres 
 arrivent aux poftes les plus eloignes, jc crois que 
 V. A. S. doit en attendant avertir les comman- 
 dans de fes poftes eloignes, d'etre fur leur garde 
 contre toute lurprife. 
 
 Je fuis, &c. 
 
 Par une fuite de I'amitic dont V. A. S. veut 
 bien m'honorer 6f dont je me flate etre a meme de 
 
 Lui
 
 [ 97 1 
 
 hecefl^ry, to order a prohibition to be publifiied 
 from his Majcfty, the King of Sweden ; as, with- 
 out being of the lead utility, it might prove un- 
 happy to numbers of families, whofe 2eal and fide- 
 lity to their mafter, might induce them to rulh 
 on to their deftrudion. 
 
 Though the name of Elliot be fully fufficient to 
 me in every refpe<5t ; I Ihall neverthelefs fee with 
 pleafure, Mr. de Borcke's fignature added to the 
 treaty, of which I beg you to afllire him. 
 
 I am, &c. 
 
 Mr, Elliot* s Letter from Gothenburg^ On. i^, 
 1788.* 
 
 I fhall have the honour this evening to ^^ad,. 
 your Serene Highnefs, the King of Sweden's pre- 
 vious fignature, to the projedled new armiflice. 
 To-morrow, Baron de Borcke arid I, will jointly 
 explain to your Serene Highnefs, the modifications 
 we propofe to the fifth and feventh articles. In 
 the mean time, orders fliall be forthwith ifTued to 
 every poft, to commit no aft of hoftility what- 
 ever. But, as it will take Op forty-eight hours, 
 at lead, before they can reach the fartheft pofts, 
 I think your Serene Highnefs ought, in the mean 
 time, to give notice to the commanders of the re- 
 moteft pofts, to be on their gu^rd againft every 
 furprifc. I am, &c. 
 
 P. S. In confequence of that friendfhip, with 
 which your Serene Highnefs pleafes to honour me, 
 
 H and 
 
 * Written in EngliJh.
 
 [ 98 ] 
 
 Lui donner des preuvcs cflentielles, j'cnvoyc * 
 V. A. S. ci-joinc Textrait d'une depeche que j'ai 
 refue cc loir par ella&ete de Berlin, en date du 
 lo. d'Odlobre. Oferois-je, Mgr. la fupplier dc 
 bien reflechir avant demain fur les moyens les plus 
 propres a rendre la bonne intelligence entre des 
 cours, qui defirent non feulement d'etre amis, mais 
 meme les allies les plus intimes. 
 
 Mon eftafiete ayant devance les inftrudlions de 
 Mr. le Baron de Borcke, toute propofition que 
 V. A. S. pourra Elle meme faire pour en devanccr 
 I'execution, tendra furement a favorifer le grand 
 projet qui promet Tavenir le plus heureux a tou9 
 les Souverains qui y prendront part. 
 
 Si je ne me trompe, ce Miniflre fera par ma- 
 niere de converfation une ouverture tendante * 
 former une convention pour aflurer les quartiers 
 d'hyver, par laquelle les apparence. pourront etre 
 fauvees. Dans un moment aufli critique je compte 
 fur la confiance illimitee de V. A. S. & furtouc 
 qu'Elle rende juftice a la verite parfaite de ce que 
 j'ai fi fouvent dit a Copenhague, & que perfonne 
 ne vouloit croire. Enfin aprcs avoir-ete dechire 
 jpar mes ennemis, ma recompenfe fera grande; fi 
 le Prince-Royal Lui-mcme me rend juftice &avoue, 
 qu'en Lui temoignant I'attachement le plus reel, 
 je n'ai pas deguife la verite, mais que j'ai ofe la 
 dire hautement au rifque d'avoir encouru fon de- 
 plaifir. 
 
 J'ai I'honneur d'etre, &c. 
 
 Luf
 
 t 99 ] 
 
 iand of which I flatter myfelf with being able to 
 give you eflential proofs, I fend you herewith, an 
 extraft of a defpatch I received this evening by an 
 exprefs from Berhn, dated the tenth of 0<5lober. 
 May I prefume. Sir, to entreat your Highnefs, 
 ttiaturely to reflect, between this and to-morrow, 
 on the properefl: means of re-efl:ablifl:iing a good 
 lmderfl:anding between Courts,- which not only 
 wifli to be friends, but mofl: intimate allies ? 
 
 My exprefs having preceded the inftruftions of 
 Baron Borcke, any propofal your Serene High- 
 nefs may off'er, to accelerate their execution, will 
 cejtainly tend to favour the grand projeft, which 
 promifes the happiefl: futurity to all the Sovereigns 
 partaking of it. 
 
 If I am not mifl:aken, that Minifter will, by 
 way of converfation, make you an overture, tend- 
 ing to form a convention for fecuring winter quar- 
 ters, which may fave appearances. In fo critical 
 a jundture, I rely upon an unlimited confidence 
 from your Serene Highnefs ; and, above all, that 
 you will do juftice to the real truth of what I fo 
 often faid at Copenhagen, and which nobody 
 would believe. In fliort, after having been torn 
 to pieces by my enemies, my reward will be great, 
 if the Prince-Royal himfelf does me but the juf- 
 tice to avow, that while (bowing him my real 
 attachment, I never difguifed the truth ; but dared 
 to declare it openly, even at the rifque of ijicur- 
 ring his difpleafure. 
 
 I have the honour to be, &c. 
 
 H 2 Copy
 
 [ 100 ] 
 
 Copie d*une lettre joint e a la precedente de Berltts 
 lo. O£lobre 1788. 
 
 As it is poflible, this eftaffettc may arrive 
 fooner than the chaflfcur du corps, whom his Prul- 
 fian Majefty will defpatch himfelf from Potfdam 
 this evening, I take the opportunity of informing 
 you, that the extraordinary meffcnger, I have juft 
 mentioned, is to carry a very ferious declaration of 
 the Court of Denmark, to infift, that the troops 
 Ihould be inllancly withdrawn from Sweden, an 
 armiftice fixed, and the mediation of Great-Britain, 
 Pruffia, and Holland accepted, or that a Itrong 
 corps of troops will immediately enter Holllein, 
 having already received marching orders. I am 
 juft defpatching a melTenger to England, in order 
 to fix a fpecifick concert agreeable to the plan al- 
 ready eftabliflied. But I fuppofe, there can be no 
 doubt of Prince Charles of Hefle retiring from 
 Sweden, and I need fcarcely tell you, that the- 
 chief hlame of this is laid to his charge, &c. 
 
 N. B. Ajoute de la main de Mr. Elliot. 
 
 V. A. S. peut compter que je detruirai radi" 
 calement tous les prejuges repandus par fes 
 ennemis, &que je faurai rendre juftice a fcs 
 vertus. 
 
 No. XIV;
 
 Copy of a Letter^ annexed to the ahve, dated 
 Berlin, 0£l. lO, 1788. 
 
 As it is poflTible, this eftafFette may arrive 
 fooner than the chafleur du corps, whom his 
 Pruflian Majefty will defpatch Himfelf from Potf- 
 dam this evening ; I take the opportunity of in- 
 forming you, that the extraordinary mefTenger I 
 have jull mentioned, is to carry a very ferious de- 
 claration of the court of Denmark, to infift, that 
 the troops Ihould be inftantly withdrawn from 
 Sweden, an armiflice fixed, and the mediation of 
 Great-Britain, Pruflia and Holland accepted ; or, 
 that a ftrong corps of troops will immediately 
 enter flolftein, having already received marching 
 orders. J am juft defpatching a meffenger to 
 England, in order to fix a fpecifick concert, agree- 
 ble to the plan already eftablifhed. But I fup- 
 pofe, there can be no doubt of Prince Charles of 
 Hefie retiring from Sweden ; and I need fcarcely 
 tell you, that the chief blame of this is laid to his 
 charge, &c, 
 
 N. B. Added in Mr. Elliot's own hand. 
 
 Your Serene Highnefs may depend on my radi^ 
 cally deftroying all the prejudices fprcad by your 
 enemies, and doing juftice to your virtues. 
 
 II o No. XIV,
 
 t 102 ] 
 
 No. XIV. 
 
 Deuif lettresde Mr, Elliot^ egalement du i6. O^lobre^ 
 mats envoy ees plus tard que les ^recedentes^ 
 
 A. 
 
 LE Roi ayant figne, je ne perds pas un inftan^ 
 de le Lui faire favoir, & d'envoyer a V. A. S, 
 rinclufe. J'aurai I'honneur de Lui prefenter mes 
 hommages demain^ Je, &c. 
 
 B. 
 
 Je fuis certainement dans le cas de rcclamer 
 les canons fi V. A. S. Texige. J'aurai I'honneiir 
 d'en entretenir demain V. A. de bouche. 
 J'ai I'honneur Sec. 
 
 No. XV. 
 
 Convention de treve & de cejfation d'hojlilites enire 
 S. M. le Roi de Suede (ff les troupes foiis Ics 
 crdres de S, A, S, le Prince Charles de Hejfe. 
 
 Art. I. 
 
 La convention da 9. Oflobre dernier fervira 
 de bafe a laprefente convention.
 
 [ i03 J 
 No. XIV. 
 
 '^'■j;o letters from Mr. EUiot^ alfo of the Jixteenth of 
 O£loher, J?utfent off later than the prueding^ 
 
 A. 
 
 The king having figned, I lofe not a monient to 
 iet your Highnefs know it, and to fend you th« 
 enclofed. To morrow I fhall have to prefent you 
 my refpeds. I am, &c. 
 
 B 
 
 I am certainly authorifed to reclaim the ord- 
 nance, if your Serene Highnefs infills upon it. 
 I fhall have the honour pejfonally to conyerfe with 
 your Highnefs on this fubjeft to morrow, I have 
 
 the honour, &c 
 
 No. XV. 
 
 Convention of a truce and ceffation of hojlilitics be- 
 tween his Majefiy the King of Sweden^ o nd the 
 troops under the command of his Serene Highnefs 
 Prince Charles of Heffe, 
 
 Article I. 
 
 The convention of the 9th of 0<flober laft^ 
 {hall be the bafis of the prefent, 
 
 H 4 Art.
 
 [ I04 ] 
 Art. II. 
 
 La prefente convention s*etendra aufli par 
 mer. 
 
 Art. III. 
 
 II eft convenu, que la prefente treve & cefla-' 
 . tion d'hoftilites entre le Roi de Suede & les troupes 
 fous le Veld-marechal jPrince Charles de Hefle, 
 durera quatre femaines, ffavoir, depuis jeudi 1 6. 
 Oftobre a minuit, jusqu'au jeudi 13. Novembre 
 prochain a minuit. 
 
 Art. IV. 
 
 ^ Pour mieux expliquer Particle 5. de la con- 
 vention du 9. Odobre, le Prince de Hefle coriti- 
 nuera de jouir du diftrifl deja occupe par les 
 troupes fous fon commandement, et ou il ne le 
 trouve aduellement aucun pofte Suedois. Le 
 Glafsfiol en fera la limite, depuis la frontiere de 
 la Norvege jusqu'a fon debouche dans le Lac 
 Veneren, 
 
 Art. V, 
 
 Comme une fuite de la treve etendue par mer, 
 le Prince de Hefle s'engage a ne point fe fervir 
 de la navigation par Elffiol & Gotha-elf, ni pour 
 munitions de guerre, ni autremenr. Une rcci- 
 procite exa6le pour tout ce qui eft munition de 
 guerre fera obfervee a cet egard de la part du Roi j 
 La parfaite liberie de navigation fur le Gotha- 
 clf 6c Elffiol etant refervee pour tous les fujets de 
 ' ■ ^ "" ' S. M;
 
 [ 105 ] 
 
 Article II, 
 
 The prefent convention fhall alfo extend to the 
 fea. 
 
 Article III, 
 
 Tt is agreed upon, that this truce and ceflation 
 of hoftilities, between the King of Sweden and 
 the troops under the Field-Marlhal-General Prince 
 Charles of Hefle, fhall laft four weeks, viz. 
 from Thurfday the i6th of Oflober at midnight, 
 till Thurfday the 13th of November at midnight. 
 
 Article 1Y, 
 
 For the better explanation of the fifth article 
 of the convention of the 9th of October ; the 
 Prince of HefTe fhall continue to enjoy the dif- 
 triift already occupied by the troops under his 
 command, and where there is at prefent no Swe- 
 difh pofl to be found. The river Glafsfiol fhall 
 be its boundary, from the frontiers of Norway, 
 £0 its difemboguement in the Wenner Lake. 
 
 Article V. 
 
 In confequence of the truce extending to the 
 fea, the Prince of HefTe engages himfelf not to 
 make ufe of the navigation of the Elffiol and G6- 
 tha-Elf i either for the fake of ammunition, or 
 otherwife. An exad reciprocity Ihall be ob- 
 ferved by the King of Sweden, in regard to what- 
 ever belongs to warhke flores and ammunition : 
 an entire liberty of navigation on ihe G6tha-Elf 
 
 and
 
 [ '°6 J 
 
 S, M. le Roi de Suede, tant ceux qui habitent Ic 
 pays ou les trciipes etrangeres fe trouvent, que 
 pour les autres habitans des provinces qui fonc 
 dans Tufage de conimercer par ce fieuve. 
 
 Art. VL 
 
 L'ifie de Hifingen etant deja reputee neutrc, ellc 
 re Icra fujettt; a aucune levee de contribution en ar- 
 gent oq en fourage, par les troupe^ fous Ics ordrcs 
 du Prince de liefie. 
 
 Art. VII. 
 
 La treve par mer & par terre etant ainfi coii- 
 venue, le Prince de Hefle s'engage com me une 
 fuite neceffaire de cette convention, de laifTer' les 
 habitants jouir librement de la peche du hareng, 
 &■ de ne point les troubler, ni leur caufer aucuns 
 ;^'rais ni inquietude dans cette partie de leur oecon^ 
 nomie, tant que durera la trcve. 
 
 Art. VIII. 
 
 La prefente convention conclue, on depechera 
 fur le champ en toute diligence les couriers aux 
 commandants des troupes par mer & par terre, 
 avec ordre d'obferver avec exatflitude tous les ar- 
 ticles du prefent armiflice. 
 
 Art. IX. 
 
 Les articles de cet ^rmiftice t^yant ete drelTes 
 par I'entrcmife de I'Envoye-extraordinaire & Mi- 
 
 niflre
 
 [ I07 3 
 
 and Elffiol being referved to all the fubjeds of 
 his Swedifli nlajefty •, both to thofe who inhabit 
 the countries befet with foreign troops, and to all 
 other inhabitants of the provinces, who are ufed 
 {0 trade on that river. 
 
 Article VI. 
 
 The ifland of Hifingen being already confiderc^ 
 as neutral, fhall be fubjedl to no contribution ia 
 money or forage, by the troops under the prince 
 of HelTc's command. 
 
 Article VII. 
 
 A truce by land and fea being thus agreed 
 upon, the Prince of HeiTe obliges himfelf, as a 
 necefiary fequel to this Convention, to fuffer the 
 inhabitants freely to enjoy their herring fiflieries, 
 and neither to difturb, nor caufe them any ex- 
 penfe or uneafinefs, in this branch of their cecO-r 
 nomy, during the continuance of the truce. 
 
 Article VIII. 
 
 The prefent convention confidered, all diligence 
 fliall be ufed in immediately defpatching couriers 
 to the feveral commanders of the troops by fea 
 and land, with orders ftridlly to oblerve all the 
 articles of the prefent armiftice. 
 
 Article IX. 
 
 The articles of this truce having been fettled 
 
 hy the intervention of Mr. Elliot, his Britannick 
 
 9 Majcfty's
 
 [ loS ] 
 
 niflre-plenrpotentiaire de S. M. Britannique a la 
 coiir de Dannemarc, Mr. Elliot, tout difcuflion 
 qui pouira furvenir fur robfcrvation de cette con- 
 vention, fera confiee a I'arbitrage de la cour de la 
 Grande-Bretagne. 
 
 Art. X. 
 
 Le Prince Chailes de HcfTe aura un palFage 
 libre par la Suede pour fes couriers, favoir, de 
 Tarmee qu'il commande, par Helfmbqurg, a Co- 
 penhague. 
 
 Vu les fentiments pacifiques connus de S.> M. 
 rimperatrice de RufTie, a la diipofition de laquelle 
 le corps de troupes que j'ai honneur de comman- 
 der eft cede, & de Ion amitie egalement connue 
 pour les cours de Londres & de Berlin, qui ont 
 cffert ieur mediation pour le retabliflement de la 
 tranquillitc de nord, j'accepte toute cette conven- 
 tion dans I'efperance certaine, quelle lervira d'a- 
 cheminement a la paix a laquelle on pourra tra- 
 vailler dans I'intervalle avec d'autant plus de fuc-j- 
 ces. Je promets d'obferver & de faire obferver a. 
 toutes les troupes de terre & de mer fous mes or- 
 drcs Ion contenu avec toute la bonne foi imaginable, 
 
 Au quartier general a Bahus ce i8 06t. 1788, 
 
 Charles P. db Hesse. 
 
 No. XVI,
 
 [ 109 1 
 
 Majefty's Envoy-extraordinary and Minift^r- ple- 
 nipotentiary at the Danifh court, all debates that 
 may arile, relative to the obfervance of this con- 
 vention, fhall beentrufted to the arbitration of the 
 court of Great-Britain. 
 
 Article X. 
 
 Prince Charles of Hefie fliall have a free paf- 
 fage through Sweden for bis couriers, from the 
 army he commands over Helfmgburg to Copen- 
 hagen, 
 
 Confidering the known paciHck fentiments of 
 her majefty, the Emprefs of RuiTia, to whofe dif- 
 pofal the corps of troops have been ceded, which 
 I have the honour to command ; and her equally 
 known regard for the courts of London and Ber- 
 lin, which have offered their mediation for refto- 
 ring the peace and tranquillity in the north ; I 
 accept the whole of this convention, in the full 
 affurance that it will be the means of leading to 
 a peace, on which we may labour in the interval, 
 with the greater fuccefs. I promife to obfervc, 
 and to fee with all imaginable good faith, its vvhob 
 contents obferved by all the troops under my or- 
 ders, by fea and land. 
 
 From my head-quarters at Bahus, 0£l. i8, 
 J788. 
 
 Charles P. of Hesse. 
 
 No. XVf
 
 t no ] 
 
 No. xvr: 
 
 Precis de la Declaration faite a Cepenhague pat* 
 Mr. le Comte de Rohde, au mm de S. M. le Rot 
 de Pruffe^ au Comte de Bernjlorff: mais il eji a 
 remarquer^ quelle a cte faite verbalement ^ que 
 le Minijlre rCa pas etc autorife d'en donner copie. 
 
 J'ai ete furpris lorfque j*ai apprisj qu'uii 
 corps de 12 mille Danois eft entre de la Norvege 
 en Suede, & qu'il mena^oit Timportante ville de 
 Gothenbourg, le principal fiege du commerce de 
 Ja Suede. Vous vous rendres done inceflament 
 ches le Comte de Bernftorff, & vous lui declareres 
 de ma part, que j'avois toute I'amitie poffible pour 
 S. M. le Roi, le Prince-Royal & pour toute la 
 maifon Royale de Dannemarc, & que je fouhaitois 
 de vivre conftamment aver elle dans la plus par- 
 faite union ; mais que je ne pouvois pas voir avec 
 indifference, qu'on prenne des mefures, qui me- 
 neroient diredtement a ccrafer le Roi de Suede, a 
 changer la prefente forme du gouvernement de ce 
 Royaume h a bouleverfer par fes fuites tout I'equi- 
 libre entre les puiflances du Nord ; que telle etoit 
 la demarche que le Dannemarc venoit de faire en 
 attaquant hoftilemcnt la Suede dans un tems, ou 
 fes principales forces ecoient cloignees, que par 
 ccla elle outrepaffoit de beaucoup la qualite d'une 
 partie auxiliaire, que c'ctoit d'ailleurs manquer 
 aux cgards qui ccoient diis a moi & a toutes les 
 autrcs puiflances qui avoient offert leur mediation 
 aux puiffunces belligerantes, qu'il me fembloit 
 
 done.
 
 r ^» 1 
 
 No. XVI. 
 
 ^uhjlance of the Declaration made at Copenhagen ly 
 Count de Rohde to Count Bernfdorf, in the name 
 of his Majefty the King of Pruffia : by ivhich it 
 is to he obferved, that it was made verbally^ and 
 the Minijier not authorifed to deli'ver a copy, 
 
 I was furprifed when I heard that a corps of 
 twelve thoLifand Danes had entered Sweden from 
 Norway, and threatened the important city of 
 Gothenburg, the principal fea: of commerce ia 
 Sweden. You will, therefore, inftantly wait on 
 Count Bernfdorf, and declare to him, in my name. 
 That I have every poffible regard for his Majefty 
 the King, the Prince-Royal, and all the Royal 
 Houfe of Denmark, with whom I wifli conftantly 
 to live in the moft perfetfV union •, but that I can- 
 not fee with indifference meafures taken, tending 
 directly to crufli the King of Sweden, to change: 
 the prefent form of government in that kingdom, 
 and to overthrow, by its confequences, the whole 
 equilibrium between the Northern Powers : That 
 fuch being the ftep now taken by Denmark, by 
 attacking Sweden in an hoftile manner, at a time 
 when its principal forces are at a diftance, by 
 which it greatly exceeded the bounds and quality 
 of an auxiliary party ; thereby forgetting the re- 
 gard due to me and all the other Powers, who 
 have offered their mediation to the belligerent 
 Powers: Tiiat it therefore appeared to me, tha: 
 
 ths
 
 done, que la cour de Dannemarc ne pouvolt pa^ 
 etre engagee dans la demarche hoflile centre la 
 Suede, que par une forte de furprife & par des 
 refforts furement contraires a fes veritables interets 
 & a ceux de fes voifins, que je priois par confe- 
 quent tres inftamment S. M. Danoife de doriner 
 des ordres prompts & precis, pour que ces troupes 
 evacuent fans delai le territoire de la Suede & 
 qu'on etablifle un armiftice du moins entre le 
 Dannemarc & la Suede, furtout du cote de la 
 Norvege, a fin que les puiffances mediatrices ayent 
 le tems de moyenner une paix entre les puiffances 
 belligerantes ; mais que fi la cour de Dannemarc 
 ne vouloit pas ecouter mes reprefentations, je ne 
 pouvois pas me difpenfer de faire entrer dans le 
 Holftein un corps de troupes, qui avoit deja refu 
 ordre de fe tenir pret a agir & a marcher vers ce 
 pais la, que je m'y voyois oblige par les interets 
 majeurs de mon eiat, de tout le Nord & de la 
 cour de Dannemarc meme. Vous prieres le Comte 
 de BernftorfF, de faire en forte, que cette declara- 
 tion foit acceptee & executee, & que je refoive une 
 reponfe auffi prompte que poffible. Vous pourres 
 lire cette declaration plufieurs fois au Comte de 
 Eernftorff, & vous lui feres entendre, que le Roi 
 d*Angleterre eft parfaitement de concert avec moi, 
 & que les troupes Hanovriennes fe joindront aux 
 miennes pour occuper le Holftein & le Slefvic 
 
 No. XVIL
 
 t "3 ] 
 
 the Court of Denmark could not have been en- 
 gaged in fuch an hoftile proceeding againft Swe- 
 den, otherwife than by a kind of furprife, and 
 through fome impulfe, afluredly inconfiftent with 
 its own true interefts and thofc of its neighbours : 
 That I, confequently, moft inftantly befeeched his 
 Danilh Majefty, to give his fpeedy and precife or- 
 ders for the immediate evacuation of the Swedilh 
 territories by his army, and to eftabliih an armif- 
 tice, at leaft between Denmark and Sweden, par- 
 ticularly on the Norway fide, that the mediating 
 Powers may have time to effedt a peace between 
 thofe at war : but that, in cafe Denmark fhould 
 not liften to my remonftrances, I cannot forbear 
 ordering the march of a body of troops into 
 Holftein, which has already received the necef- 
 fary inftruftions to hold itfelf in readinefs for 
 marching and afting in that country ; to which I 
 faw myfelf obliged by the fuperiour interefts of my 
 own ftates, of all the North, and even of Den- 
 mark itfelf. You will entreat Count Bernfdorf to 
 manage fo, that this declaration be accepted and 
 executed, and to let me have an anfwer as fpeedily 
 as poflible. You may read this declaration to 
 Count Bernfdorf repeatedly, and give him to un- 
 derftand, that the King of England ads in per- 
 fect concert with me ; and that the Hanoverian 
 troops will join mine, to take pofleffion of Hol- 
 ftein and Slefwick. 
 
 No. XVIL
 
 [ iH 1 
 
 No. XVII. 
 
 Lettre de Mr, Elliot, de Gothenhourg dei%» OUohre, 
 
 Je m'emprefTe d'envoyer cette lettre a V. A. S. 
 pour Lui donner mot a mot les nouvelles xi'une 
 circonftance, dont on vient de me faire part, & 
 qui pourra donner lieu a des difcufTions infiniment 
 defagreables, li la providence n'en ait prevenu 
 Texecution. 
 
 Mr. d*Armfeldt ecrit au Roi, qu'il compte faire 
 une attaque a Amal ou dans le voifinage, le mo- 
 ment que le premier armiftice fera expire. La 
 lettre de Mr. d'Armfeldt eft datee la i6. a 8 heures 
 du foir, I'heure meme que le fecond armiftice ptoit 
 figne a Gothenbourg. On a fur le champ depeche 
 un courier a Mr. d'Armfeldt, pour lui faire part 
 de cette fignature j mais comme il faut au moins 
 24. heures, ou peutetre trente, pour qu'un courier 
 arrive a Carlftadt, il eft poflible qu'il ait profite de 
 cet intervalle pour rifquer fon coup. D'ailleurs 
 le Roi m'a renouvelle les plus fortes proteftations 
 de fa decifion de faire refpedler Tarmiftice dans 
 tous fes points, & les ordres les plus feveres one 
 ete donnes pour cet effet. 
 
 Je dois aufli remarquer, que Mr. d*Armfeldt: 
 ayant re^u un renfort tres confiderable, avoit fait 
 occuper plufieurs poftes a I'occident du Giasfiol, 
 qui doivent certainement etre retires par les articles 
 de I'armiftice : mais en attendant je ferois bien 
 heureux, s'il etoit poftible que V. A. S. puiffe fc 
 borner a occuper les pays 0\i les troupes fe trou- 
 
 vent
 
 t 'is ] 
 
 No. XVII. 
 
 Letter from Mr. Elliot. Gothenburg, OStoher iS, 
 1788. 
 
 I haften to fend your Serene Highnefs this let- 
 ter, to impart, word for word, the news of a circum- 
 ftance I juft now have been made acquainted with, 
 and which mull have occafioned endlefs difputes, 
 had not Providence prevented their execution. 
 
 M. d'Armfeldt has written to the King, That 
 he means to form an attack at Amal, or in the 
 neighbourhood, the moment the firft armiftice 
 fhall be expired. His letter is dated the 1 6th, at 
 eight in the evening, the very hour the fecond 
 truce was figned at Gothenburg. A courier was 
 immediately fent off to M. d'Armfeldt, to inform 
 him of this fignature ; but as at lead twenty-four, 
 and perhaps thirty, hours are required to give a 
 meflenger time to reach Carlftadt, it is poflible he 
 may have availed himfelf of this interval to rifque 
 his blow. As to the reft, the King has renewed 
 me his mofl folemn proteftations, that he is firmly 
 refolved to fee the armiftice duely refpedled in all 
 points, and the moft ftrid orders have been given 
 to this effc6l. 
 
 I muft further obferve, that M. d'Armfeldt, 
 having received a confiderable reinforcement, has 
 taken poflcflion of feveral pofts weft of Giasfiol 
 river, which ought certainly to be removed in con- 
 formity to the articles of the truce. But I ftiall 
 be very happy if, in the mean time, your Serene 
 Highnefs could poflibly confine yourfelf to the 
 1 2 occupy-
 
 t "6 ] 
 
 vent deja^ puifque les payfans font armes dans toui 
 les cantons, ou dies n'ont pas encore perce. 
 J'ai rhonneur d'etre &c. 
 
 No. XVIII. 
 
 Leitre de S. M. Suedoife au 'Prince de Hejfe, di 
 Gotbenbourg le 24. 0£f. 1788. 
 
 Mr. mon coufin & beau-frere. Je Vous envoyc 
 le Baron de Wrcde, mon of ver- adjutant, pour 
 Vous remettre la piece ci-jointe. Je fouhaite que 
 votre prudence & votre moderation vous faffe 
 prevenir les malheurs que je prevois, & que je 
 crains de n'etre pas bicntot le maitre d*empecher. 
 Sur ce je pric Dieu qu'il vous ait, Monfieur mon 
 coufin & beau-frere, dans fa fainte & digne garde, 
 etant 
 
 Votre tres affedionne coufin & beau-frere 
 
 GUSTAVE, 
 
 No. XIX. 
 
 Declaration remife par Mr. de Wrede, at date de 
 Gotbenbourg le 24.. Off, 
 
 Si le Roi, pour epargner Teffufion de fang, & 
 pour favorifer la negociation, que les puifTances 
 mediatrices comptoient d'ouvrir, a donne les mains 
 a l^ prolongation de la treve qu*on fembloit defirer.
 
 [ "7 1 
 
 occupying thofe parts only which your troops al- 
 ready poflefs, as the peafants are armed in all the 
 cantons where they have not as yet penetrated. 
 I have the honour to be, &c. 
 
 No. XVIII. 
 
 Letter from his Swedijh Majejiy to the Prince of 
 HeJJe. Gothenburg, 0^. 24, 1788. - 
 
 My dear Coufin and Brother-in-law, 
 I fend you Baron de Wrede, my firft Adjutant, 
 to deliver you the enclofed. I wifli your prudence 
 and moderation may move you to prevent the mif- 
 fortunes I forefee, and which I am afraid I may 
 foon not have in my power to hinder. I pray 
 God to keep you. Sir, my Coufin and Brother- in- 
 Jaw, under his holy and worthy protedlion, being 
 Your affectionate Coufin and Brother-in-law, 
 
 GUSTAVE, 
 
 No. XIX. 
 
 Declaration delivered by M. de Wrede ; dated 
 Gothenburg, 051, 2^th. 
 
 When the King, willing to fpare an eifufion of 
 blood, and ready to promote a negociation which 
 the Mediating Powers propofed to open, gave his 
 confent to a prolongation of the truce that feemed 
 to be wilhed for, his Majefty never believed that 
 I ? the
 
 ( m8 ] 
 
 S. M. n*a jamais cru, que le tems de la fufpen- 
 lion d'armes put etre employe par les ennemis a 
 accabler fes fujets du poids des impots & des 
 livraifons de foin, de fourage, & de comeftibles 
 pour le compte de Tarmee ennemie, qui rendroient 
 ce moment d'armiftice plus funefte pour les pro- 
 vinces envahies, que ne le feroit la continuation 
 meme des hoftilites, qui en' rendant ces provinces 
 le theatre de la guerre, laifToit du moins le moyen 
 au Roi, de proteger par le Tucces de fes armes fes 
 fujets opprimes, en leur permettant en meme tems 
 a eux-memes» de defendre leur bien & leur foyers, 
 comrae ils en ont ete autorifes par la publication 
 du Roi, datje de Carlftadt le 29. Sept. dernier. 
 Huit jours font prefque paffes dans cette fecurite, 
 & les reprefentations faites au nom du Roi d'An- 
 gleterrC) & la declaration du Roi de PrufTe, les 
 mouvemens retrogrades de I'armee ennemie, qui 
 paroiflbient une fuite de I'imprefTion qu'avoient 
 fait les demarches de ces deux cours, faifoient 
 efperer au Roi, que fes etats feroient bientot de- 
 li vres des troupes, qui y etoient entre fi injufte- 
 ment. 
 
 Le Roi tachoit de tranquillifer les efprits dans 
 cette douce efperance, lorfque les plaintes nom- 
 breuics 6c reiterees des'peuples du Dahl, & des 
 provinces de Bahus & d'Elfsbourg, ont force S. 
 M. a rompre le filence, pour reclamer les prin- 
 cipe , qui avoient engage S. M. a figner la pro- 
 longation de la treve. Les diverles exaftions, les 
 violences commifes lur les habitans, les livraifons 
 forcees & exorbitantes, qui vont a I'approche de 
 
 I'hyver
 
 ["9 3 
 
 the time of a fufpenfion of arms could be em- 
 ployed by his enemies in oppreffing his fubjedls 
 with the weight of impofts, and contributions in 
 hay, forage, and viduals, for the account of an 
 inimical army ; by which the period of an armif- 
 tice would be rendered more fatal to the invaded 
 provinces than even a continuation of hoftilities, 
 which making thofe provinces the theatre of the 
 war, left at lead the means to the King of pro- 
 tefling his opprefled fubjcds by the fuccefs of his 
 arms, and of permitting them at the fame time to 
 defend themfelves, their lives and property, as au- 
 thorifed thereto by the King's proclamation, dated 
 at Carlftadt Sept. 29th laft. 
 
 In this fecurity eight days are almofl elapfed ; 
 during which the remonftrances made in the name 
 of the King of England, and the declaration of 
 the King of PruiTia, with the retrograde motions of 
 the enemy's army, feemingly owing to the im- 
 prefTions made by the fteps of thole two Courts, 
 gave the King room to hope his dates would foon 
 be freed from the troops which have lb unjuftljr 
 invaded them. 
 
 In this agreeable expecftation, the King has en- 
 deavoured to quiet their minds, when numerous 
 and repeated complaints, made by the inhabitants 
 of Dahl, and the provinces of Bahus andElffburg, 
 have forced his Majefty to be no longer filent, 
 but to reclaim thofe principles whicH have engaged 
 his Majefty to fign a prolongation of the truce. 
 The various extortions, the violences committed 
 againft the inhabitants, and the exorbitant forced 
 I 4 fup-
 
 [ I20 3 
 
 I'hyvcr laifTer ces malheureux peuplcs fans aucunc 
 poflibilite dc fubfiftcr, font autant de moyens, 
 dont les ennemis fe fervent pour detruire ces pro- 
 vinces, que leur injufte invafion a deja affez 
 accable. 
 
 Le Roi a ete furtout furpris, que le Prince de 
 Hefle vouloit expliquer la convention fignee le 
 16 Odobre, & en tirer le fens, qu'il Lui etoit 
 laiCe le pouvoir, de prendre des contributions des 
 provinces ou il fe trouve, pendant la treve. Le 
 Roi eft d'autant plus etonne d'une parcille inter- 
 pretation, que le Prince de HefTe ne peut ignorer, 
 que le Roi eft le Souverain d'un peuple libre, qui 
 peut feul s'impofer des taxes, & que S. M. n*a 
 pu abandonner au Prince de Heffe des droits, 
 qu*Elle ne poflede pas Elle-mcme. 
 
 L*article fix de la convention du 16. 0(ftobre 
 ne peut meme par analogic etre explique dans cc 
 fens en faveur du Prince de HefTe, puifqu*il eft 
 clair, que les ftipulations qui y font enoncees, ten- 
 dent a prevenir toutes efcarmouches 6c querelles 
 fur unc Ifle reputee neutre, mais ou les deux par- 
 tics fe font rcferve de conferver des poftes. 
 
 Le Roi declare done, pour eviter toute con- 
 teftation ulterieure, que S. M. regardera la treve 
 comme rompue, fi le Prince Charles de HefTe ou 
 ceux qui font fous fes ordres, forcent les peuples 
 a leur fournir des livraifons, qui affameront le 
 pays, & fi Ton ne pave argent comptant. Si la 
 veritable valeur des effeis qu'on refoit, & non au- 
 tieffous ou d'une valeur imaginaire, tout ce que 
 le pays fournit, a quoi le Prince de HefTe s'eft 
 
 I^ui-^
 
 t «2I ] 
 
 fupplies, which, in the approaching winter, will 
 leave thefe unhappy people deftitute of all poffiblc 
 fubfiftence, are fo many meafures taken by his 
 enemies to deftroy thofe provinces, which their un- 
 juft invafion has already fufficiently-opprefled. 
 
 "What moft furprifed the King was the Prince 
 of Hefle's wanting to explain away the convention 
 figned the 1 6th of Oftober, and give it a meaning 
 which would empower him to raife contributions 
 in the provinces in which he refides, during the 
 armiftice. The King is the more aftonilhed at 
 fuch an interpretation, as the Prince of Hefle can- 
 not be ignorant that the King is the Sovereign of 
 a free people, which alone has the right to impofe 
 taxes on itfelf, and that his Majefty could never 
 yield to the Prince of Hefle privileges he does not 
 himfclf poflefs. 
 
 The fixth article of the convention, figned Oc- 
 tober the 1 6th, cannot, by any analogy, be ex- 
 plained in this fenfe in favour of the Prince of 
 Hefie •, it being evident, that the ftipulations men- 
 tioned in it tend to prevent all Ikifmilhes and 
 quarrels on an ifland looked upon as neutral, but 
 in which both parties have referved to themfelves 
 the liberty of keeping polls. 
 
 The King, therefore, to avoid all further con- 
 tefts, declares. That his Majefty v^^ill confider the 
 truce as broken, if Prince Charles of Hefle, or 
 thofe under his command, force the people to fur- 
 ni(h them with provifions which fliall famifh the 
 country •, and if every thing the country furnilhes 
 be not paid for in ready money, according to the 
 
 real
 
 [ 122 ] 
 
 Lui-memc oblige par la publication qu*il a dif* 
 tribuee a fon entree en Suede ; & S. M. declare, 
 qu'Elle ne foufFrira pas, que Ton impofe aucune 
 contribution quelconque, fous quel nom ou pre- 
 texte que ce fpit j qu'Elle n'y a jamais confenti, 
 & que meme S. M. ne s'eft pas crue dans la pof- 
 fibilite d'y confentir. 
 
 S. M. fe doit a foi-meme & a fa proprc 
 gloire, & furtout au bien de fes peuples, de les 
 proteger : c'eft le premier devoir des Rois, & 
 lorfque S. M. ne peut ignorer, que des puiflances 
 amies exigent la fortie df^s troupes ennemies j lorf- 
 qu*on Ta fignifie en termes clairs & precis au P. 
 de Hefie, S. M. croiroit de commettre un crime 
 envers fes fujets, de les abandonner plus long- 
 tems a I'oppreffion de leurs ennemis, fans venir a 
 leurs fecours, & S. M. attend une prdmpte & 
 categorique reponfe. Le Roi efpere, qu'elle fera 
 conforme au fentiment qui Lui fit figner le treve : 
 mas fi elle n'eft pas fatisfaifante, S. M. fera forcee 
 a prendre les mefures vigoureufes qu'Elle a en 
 main, pour la proteftion de fes fujets & pour la 
 fatisfadion de fes peuples. 
 
 No. XX,
 
 [ 123 ] 
 
 real value of the articles received, and not lefs, or 
 at an imaginary valuation; the Prince of Heffe 
 having obliged himfelf to it, by his proclamation 
 diftributed on his entry into Sweden. His Majefty 
 further declares, That he will not fuffer any con- 
 tribution, under any name or pretenfe whatfoever, 
 to be impofed ; that he never has confented to it, 
 nor ever thought himfelf empowered to confent 
 to it. 
 
 His Majefty owes to himfelf, to his own glory, 
 and principally to the welfare of his people, the 
 obligation of proteding them : it is the firft duty 
 , of every King -, and as his Majefty cannot be 
 uninformed that the Friendly Powers require the 
 evacuation of the enemy's troops, as has been fig- 
 nified to the Prince of Hefle in clear and expref* 
 terms, his Majefty would think that he afled cri- 
 minally towards his fubjefts, were he to abandon 
 them any longer to the oppreflion of their enemies 
 without flying to their aid. His Majefty experts, 
 therefore, a fpeedy and categorical anfwer. The 
 King hopes it will be agreeable to the fentiments 
 which have induced him to fign the truce : but, if 
 not fatisfadlory, his Majefty will be forced to take 
 the moft vigorous meafures in his power to defend 
 his fubjeds, and procure fatisfadion to his people. 
 
 No. XX.
 
 I ^H ] 
 
 No. XX. 
 
 Letire du Prince de Hejfe a S. M. Suedoife en date 
 dVddewalla 26, 0^. 
 
 Rien ne pouvoit me caufer unc joie plus vIve, 
 que de me voir honore d'unc lettre de main 
 propre de V. M. dans ces momens de troubles, 
 qui touchent a leur fin par la mediation des cours 
 de Londres & de Berlin. Mais ma douleur a ete 
 proportionnee a ma furprife de ce qu'on a ofe 
 furprendre la religion de V. M., & Lui faire des 
 faux rapports fur les exaftions, qu'on pretend 
 avoir cte commifes par les troupes que j'ai I'hon- 
 neur de commander, tandis que chacun peut voir, 
 qu'il n*y a pas eu une maifon pillee, un jardin 
 devafte, une pallifade meme ruinee dans les pro- 
 vinces qu'elles occupent. Nous n'avons fait livrer 
 de fourages que fur payement au commencement, 
 & puis fur des re^us. J'ofe me flatter, que jamais 
 armee n*a tenu une difcipline aufli cxad:e. Je 
 ne puis repondre de quelques maraudeurs, traineurs 
 ou valets de bat, qui auront fourage, ou fait 
 quelques defordres : mais ce que j'ofe afTurer tres 
 refpeftueufement a V. M., c'eft que toutes les 
 plaintes ont ete ccoutccs, & autant que poflible 
 reparees, & que la, ou il manquoit des preuves, 
 S. A. R. Mgr. le Prince-Royal a daigne confoler 
 les plaignans, en leur reflituant tout ce a quoi 
 ils taxoient eux-memes leur perte.
 
 t ^25 ] 
 
 No. XX. 
 
 The Prince of Hejfe*s Letter to the King of Sweden, 
 dated Uddewalla, OSioher 26 th. 
 
 Nothing could give me a more fenfible pleafure 
 than to fee myfelf honoured with a letter, in your 
 Majefty's own hand-writing, in thefe troublefome 
 moments, now near their termination by the me- 
 diation of the Courts of London an^ Berlin. But 
 my forrow has been equal to my aftonifliment at 
 fome perfon's having dared to impofe on your 
 Majefty's faith by falfe reports of extortions, pre- 
 tended to have been made by the troops I have 
 the honour to command ; when every one may fee 
 that there never has been a fingle houfe pillaged, 
 a garden laid wafte, nor even a pallifadc ruined, 
 in the provinces they occupy. No forage has 
 been deHvered to us but what was at firft paid for 
 in ready money, and afterwards by receipts. I 
 dare flatter myfelf, no army ever obferved fo ftrio: 
 a difcipline. I cannot anfwer for fome marauders, 
 ftragglers, and pack-fervants, having foraged, or 
 committed fome diforders : but what I prcfume 
 moft refpedlfully to aflure your Majefty is, that 
 every complaint has been heard, and redreflcd as 
 much as pofTible ; and that, even where there were 
 no proofs, his Royal Highnefs the Crown-Prince 
 has condefcended to fatisfy the complainants, by 
 reftitution to the full amount of their felf-eftimated 
 lofles. 
 
 For
 
 £ 126 1 
 
 Je ne mc permettrai au refte jamais de re- 
 pondre a la piece ouvertc, que Mr. le Baron dc 
 Wrede m'a rem is avec la lettre de V. M. Je me 
 tiendrai a l*artic]e 9. du traite d'armiftice, felon 
 lequel je dois remettre a Tarbitrage de la cour de 
 la Grande-Bretagne, fous la garantie de laquelle 
 il a ete conclu, les difcuflions qui pourroient fur- 
 vcnir fur Tobfervation de cette convention. 
 
 J*ai rhonneur d'etre, &c. 
 
 No. XXI. 
 
 Lettre a Mr. Elliot ^ date Uddewalla 25. 0£i, 
 1788. 
 
 Je Vous adrefTe la ci-jointe de S. M. Suedoifc 
 & ma reponfe, me remettant de tout a Tarbirrage 
 de la cour de Londrcs felon I'art. 9. du traite 
 d'armiftice. Ayant ref u un courier de Copenhague 
 aujourd'hui, je me fais un plaifir de Vous dire, 
 que je compte retirer dans I'intervalle que le traite 
 d'armiftice dure, toutes les troupes, que j'ai I'hon- 
 neur de commander, des etats de S. M. Suedoife, 
 & prendre mes quartiers d' hyver en Norvege. Jc 
 Vous prie de faire cette meme declaration de ma 
 part a Mr. de Borcke avec mes complimens. 
 
 J'ofe efperer, que Ton ne pcnfera pas ferieu- 
 fement a enfreindre I'armiftice du cote de S. M. 
 Suedoife. Je declare, que je ne fcrai dans aucun 
 cas raggreffeur, & que rien ne pourra me deter- 
 miner.
 
 [ 127 ] 
 For the reft, I Ihall never permit myfelf to aft- 
 fwer the open declaration, delivered me by Baron 
 Wrede, with your Majefty*s letter : I Ihall abide 
 by the ninth article of the armiftice, by which I 
 am obliged to refer to the arbitration of the Court 
 of Great-Britain, as guarantee, all the difputcs 
 that may occur, refpeding the obfcrvation of 
 that convention. 
 
 I have the honour to be, &c. 
 
 No. XXI. 
 
 Letter to Mr. Elliot , dated Uddewalla, O£fob. 25tb, 
 1788. 
 
 I addrefs to you the enclofed letter from his 
 Swedifh Majefty, with my anfwer ; referring my- 
 felf, in every particular, to the arbitrage of the 
 Court of London, according to the ninth article 
 of the armiftice. Having this day received a cou- 
 rier from Copenhagen, it is with pleafure I inform 
 you, that I ftiall withdraw from the Swedilh ter- 
 ritories all the troops I have the honour to com- 
 mand, within the time of the duration of the 
 truce, and fix my winter-quarters in Norway. 
 Pray make this fame declaration, in my name, to 
 Mr. de Borcke, with my compliments. 
 
 I hope they will not ferioufly think of breaking 
 the truce, on the part of his Swedifti Majefty. 
 I declare 1 will in no cafe whatever be the ag- 
 greflbr J and nothing Ihall provoke me to refent a 
 
 per-
 
 [ 128 ] 
 
 miner, furtout dans le moment oil la palx efl fi 
 prochaine, a reflentir aucune injure perfonelle : 
 mais fi on attaque mes troupes, je repouflerai avec 
 Taide de Dieu la violence ouverte de maniere, 
 qu'on n'y reviendra pas de fi tot, & j'ofe me flat- 
 ter, que Vous, Monfieur, ferez rapport a Votre 
 cour, ainfi que Mr. de Borcke a la fi«nne, de toute 
 cctte tranfadion. 
 
 Autant que je fais, les troupes Suedoifes 
 confervent encore leurs poftes en Dahls & 
 Wermelande, contre la tencur du traite d'ar- 
 miftice. 
 
 Je joins ici, Mr. un petit memoire fur Tarticle 
 des captures faites pendant la premiere treve : il 
 me paroit trop clair, pour pouvoir douter qu'il 
 fera impreflion fur S. M. Suedoife, & j'ofe Vous 
 prier, Monfieur, de prefler la fin de cette affaire, 
 ou Votre nom eft fi fort compromis. 
 Je fuis, &c. 
 
 Exp ofe joint a la lettre precedents 
 
 L'armiftice conclu entre S. M. le Roi de Suede 
 & S. A. S. le Prince de Heffe, enonce literalement 
 art. 2. que les troupes Suedoifes ne commettront 
 cucune hofiilite contre les troupes Danoifes, cedees 
 comme auxiliaires a S. M. I'lmperatrice de Ruffie. 
 
 Perfonne ne voudra au moins contefter, qus 
 les troupes de marine de S. M. le Roi de Suede 
 ne foyent troupes Suedoifes^ tout de meme que les 
 garnifons de Marftrand, de Gothenbourg & autres. 
 Cependant ce font de ces troupes, qui durant 
 
 I'armif-
 
 t 129 1 
 Jierfonal Injury, elpecially at this moment, when 
 peace is fo nigh at hand. But, if my troops are 
 attacked, I (hall, with God's aid, repel an open 
 violence in fuch a manner, that they fnuil not fo 
 foon return to the charge again ; and I flatter my- 
 fclf both you. Sir, and Mr. de Borcke, will each 
 make report to his refpedive Court of this tranf- 
 aclion. 
 
 As far as I can learn, the Swedifh troops ftill 
 keep their ftations in Dahls and Wermeland, con- 
 trary to the tenour of the armiftice. 
 
 I here fubjoin a little memorial, relative to the 
 a,rticle of the captures made during the firfl: truce. 
 It appears to me too evident, to doubt of its im- 
 preflion on his Swedifh JVIajefty. I dare be fo 
 bold as to beg you, Sir, to prefs the final conclu- 
 fion of this affair, in wliich your name is fo ex- 
 prefsly mentioned. I am, &c. 
 
 Declaration added to the preceding Letter, 
 
 The armiftice, concluded between his Majefty 
 the King of Sweden and his Serene Highnefs the 
 Prince of HefTe, declares, litterally, in the fecond 
 article. That the SwediJJj troops fliall commit no 
 manner of hojlility againft the Danifh troops ceded 
 as auxiliaries to her Majefty the Emprefs of RufTia. 
 
 I prefume no body will difpute, at leaft, that 
 the marine forces of his Majefty the King of Swe- 
 den are Szvedijh troops^ as well as his garrifons at 
 Marftrand, Gothenburg, and elfewhere : yet thefe 
 were the troops which, during the armiftice, have 
 
 K attacked
 
 t 'j-i 3 
 
 Farmiftice ont attaque & enleve de force des bati- 
 mens appartenants aux fuldites troupes auxiliaires ; 
 done les troupes Stiedoifes ont commis centre celles- 
 ci des hoftilites, & confequemment viole le traite 
 d'armiflice. 
 
 S. M. Suedoife ayant une fois donne Elle- 
 meme fa parole royale, qu*il ne feroit point com- 
 mis d'hoftilites par fes troupes pendant I'armiftice, 
 c'ciit ete manquer au refpeft du a la bonne foi & 
 a la delicatefle de S. M., que de marquer la 
 moindre defiance fur les moyens qu'Elle jugeroit 
 convenables d'employer pour remplir cet engage- 
 ment i 8? il n'appartenoit gueres a S. A. S. le 
 Prince de Hefle, de rechercher ou determiner, a 
 qui & de quelle fa^on les ordres de S. M., men- 
 tionnees dans I'article 3. pour I'execution du traite 
 d'armiftice, qui engage fes troupes en general, 
 devoient cere expedies. 
 
 Ce qui eft dit dans Part. 4. de la convention, 
 favoir, que les hoftilites, qui pourroient arriver en 
 vertu des ordres donnes avant le commencement 
 de I'armiftice, ne feroient point confiderees commc 
 line infraflion, ne peur, fans manquer a la fm- 
 cerite & bonne foi, bafcs de tous les traites, etre 
 applique qu'a des cas, ou I'eloignement des lieux 
 rendroit impolTible d'arreter a tems I'execution dc 
 ces ordres, & de publier I'armiftice. 
 
 Marftrand, I'ifle d'Orouft & le detroit ou Ten- 
 levement des batimens s'eft commis, & qui d'ail- 
 leurs n'eft pas meme mer, mais partie de la pro- 
 vince de Bahuflehn, fe trouvant prefque aux portes 
 de Gothenbourg,- on ne fauroit difconvenir, qu'on 
 
 n'ait
 
 attacked and carried off, by force, the veflels be- 
 longing to the aforefaid auxiliaries j the Swedijh 
 troops have therefore ailually committed hojiilities 
 againft them, and confequently violated the treaty 
 for a truce. 
 
 His Swedifh Majefty having once given his 
 royal word that no hofiilities fliould be committed 
 by his troops during the armiftice, I (hould have 
 been wanting in the refpedl due to the good faith 
 and delicacy of his Majefty, to betray the leaft 
 diffidence in the means he thought proper to em- 
 ploy in fulfilling his engagements. It belonged 
 not to his Serene Highnefs the Prince of Hefle to 
 enquire, nor to determine, to whom, or in what 
 manner, his Majefty *s orders, mentioned in the 
 third article, (hould be expedited for the cxecU' 
 tion of the armiftice, which binds all his troops 
 in general. 
 
 What is faid in the fourth article of the con- 
 vention, viz. " that the hoftilities which might hap- 
 *' pen in confequence of orders given previous to 
 •' the truce, (hould not be deemed an infradlion," 
 cannot, confiftently with good faith and fincerity, 
 the foundations of all treaties, be applied to cafes 
 where the diftance of place would make it impol^ 
 fible to ftop in time the execution of thole orders, 
 and to publifh the armiftice. 
 
 Marftrand, the llle of Orouft, and the Strait, 
 where the feifure of the barks and boats has been 
 committed, and which, befides, not being the fea, 
 is a part of the province of BahuQehn, and fitua- 
 ted alrnoft at the gates of Gothenburg, it cannot 
 
 K 2 be
 
 f 1^2 3 
 
 n'ait eu jufqu'au ii. & 12. d'Odobre plus qxiefe 
 terns neceflaire, pour annoncer dans ces endroit» 
 i'armiftice conclu le 9. a minuit. 
 
 En rejettant cette explication fi naturelle de 
 Tart. 4. on admettroit, que p. e. un partifan, & 
 meme tout detachement du corps auxiliaire, puifTe 
 encore a I'heure qu'il eft, & meme hors du diftridt 
 marque par la convention, commettre des hofti- 
 lites, attaquer & enlever des magafms & convois 
 Suedois, fans enfreindre I'armiftice, pourvuque les 
 ordres lui ayent ete donnes pour cet effet avant la 
 conclufion de I'armiftice. 
 
 II paroit prefque fuperflu d'ajouter encore a 
 tout ceci, que fi I'intention de S. M. Suedoife 
 avoit ete d'exempter les troupes dc mer de ce qui 
 a ete arrete dans la convention pour fes troupes en 
 general, fa loyaute & fa gloire ne Lui auroient 
 d'autant moins permis, de laifler ignorer cette 
 exception a S. A. S. le Prince de Hefle, qui celui- 
 ci avoit d'abord fait mettre fous les yeux de S. M. 
 par la voye du miniftrc de S. M. Britannique les 
 ordres donnes de fa part au Contre-admiral 
 Ahrenfeldt, de ne pas s'avancer avec la flotte, & 
 d'arreter pendant I'armiftice toutes les hoftilites 
 par mer. 
 
 No. XXII.
 
 [ ^33 3 
 
 be difpitted that they had not more time than 
 neceflary, till the nth and 12th of Oftober, to 
 announce in thofe places the armiftice concluded 
 on the 9th at midnight. 
 
 By rejeding this natural explanation of the 
 fourth article, one would admit, of courfe, that a 
 partifan, for inftance, or even any detachment of 
 the auxiliary corps, might, even at this hour, and 
 beyond the diftrid marked by the convention, 
 commit hoflilities, attack and carry off the Swe- 
 difh magazines and convoys, without infringing 
 the armiitice, provided orders had been given to 
 that efFefl previous to the conclufion of the ar- 
 miftice. 
 
 It feems almofl fuperfluous to add ftill further, 
 that if it ever had been the intention of his Svvedifh 
 Majcfty to exempt his troops at fea from what was 
 ftipulated by the convention, in regard to all his 
 troops in general^ his good faith and glory v/ould 
 have fo much the lefs permitted him to conceal 
 ? this exception from his Serene Highnefs the Prince 
 of Hefle, who had caufed the orders he had def- 
 patched to Rear-admiral Ahrenfeldt not to ad- 
 vance with his fleet, and to ftop all hoftilities by 
 fea during the truce, to be immediately laid before 
 his Swedifh Majefty, by means of his Bricannick 
 Majefty's Minifter. 
 
 K 2 No. XXII ■
 
 [ 134 ] 
 
 No. XXII. 
 
 hettre de Mr, Elliot ^ de Gothenhourg 24. 05}oB» 
 1788. 
 
 Les pieces inclufes prouveront a V. A. S. mon 
 ignorance totale de la commiflion finguliere de Mr. 
 le Baron de Wrede, jufqu'a ce que le Roi jugea 
 a propos de me faire part d'une demarche, qui eft 
 tout aufTi peu approuvee par le miniftre de Prufle, 
 que par moi. 
 
 V. A. daignera remarquer, que dans la lettre C. 
 S. M. Suedoife avoue, que la declaration envoye 
 par Mr. de Wrede n'eft aucunement fondee fur des 
 faits reels, mais fimplement fur la necefiite dans 
 laquelle le Roi fe croit etre, de confoler Ton peuplt? 
 par une declaration pareille. C'eft pourquoi je 
 m'emprelTe, Mgr. de mettre une juftification aufli 
 cclatante dans les mains de V. A. ne voulant au- 
 cunement concourir a perdre la reputation d'un 
 Prince digne des plus grands eloges, ou a laifler 
 fubfifter un doute fur la conduite d'une armee, qui 
 (vu toutes les circonftances) ne merite que des re- 
 compenfes pour fa moderation & fa bonne tenue. 
 
 V. A. eft certainement en droit de repondre au 
 Roi de Suede avec verite, & afllirement Elle ne fera 
 jamais dementie par ma plume : mais je reitere me$ 
 inftances, que V. A. fe prete a la fignature de la 
 convention & de I'armiftice approuves par le comte 
 de Bernftorff. Je ne doute pas que V. A. n*envoye 
 copie de ce paquet au comte de Bernftorff. 
 J'ai I'honneur d'etre, &c. 
 
 Jnnexes
 
 f ^35 ] 
 
 No. XXII. 
 
 Mr. Elliotts Letter from Gothenburg^ Holer 2pbp 
 1788. 
 
 The enclofed papers are fo many proofs to your 
 Serene Highnefs of my total ignorance of Baron 
 Wrede*s fingular commiffion, until the King judged 
 it proper to apprife me of a ftep, which meets as 
 little with the Pruffian Minifter's approbation as 
 with mine. 
 
 Your Highnefs will pleafe to obferve, that in 
 the letter C. his Swedifh Majefty himfelf avows, 
 that the declaration fent by Mr. de Wrede is no 
 ways founded upon real fa(5ls, but merely on the 
 neccfllty in which the King believed himfelf at that 
 moment to conlole his people by fuch a proclama- 
 tion, I haften, therefore, to put fo glorious a jufti- 
 fication into yourHighnefs's hands; being refolved 
 by no means to concur in deftroying the reputa- 
 tion of a Prince who deferves the higheft eulo- 
 giums, or in letting any doubt fubiift of the con- 
 du<5t of an army which, all circumftances confi- 
 dered, merits a recompenfe for its moderation and 
 good behaviour. 
 
 Your Serene Highnefs is certainly in the right 
 to anfwer the King of Sweden with veracity, which, 
 I affure you, my pen fhall never contradid : but 
 let me repeat my entreaties to yield to the fignmg 
 of the convention, and the new armiftice, as ap- 
 proved of by Count Bernfdorf. I make no doubt 
 but your Highnefs will fend Count Bernldorf a 
 copy of this packet, 
 
 K 4 /Additions
 
 i n6 1 
 
 '^Aftnexes a la Lettre precedente, 
 
 Litr. A. 
 
 LE Roi tres fenfible aux preuves non equi- 
 voques, que S. M. Britannique Lui a donnees de 
 fon amitie & des fentiments d'equite & de juftice, 
 qu'Elle a manifcftes, en venant a fon fecours par 
 rinterpofit on la plus efBcace, dans un moment, 
 oil fes enncmis avoient imagine de TaGcablcr a 
 coup fur par une invafion aufli fubite que de- 
 ilru(5live pour Ion pays, apres s'etre fervi des 
 marques d'amitie 6c de candeur, pour fe preparer 
 un acres d'autant plus facile a I'endroit le plus 
 attaquable de la Suede; & le Roi fe faifant un 
 vrai plaifir de temoigner fa plus grande fatis- 
 faflion au Sr. Elliott du zele & de Tenergie, avec 
 lefqucls il a rempli Ics intentions de fa cour dans 
 un moment aulTi critique pour la Suede; c'eft par 
 une fuite de ces fentimens, & perfuade qu'il ne 
 dilcontinuera a tiavailler a I'accomplifTement de 
 ce qu'ii a fi bien commence, & qui pourra amener 
 la pacification generalc, que le Roi lui fait d'abord 
 part de la declaration qu'il va envoyer au Prince 
 Charles de HefTe, pour avertir ce Prince a tems 
 des plamtes, auxquelles Ics troupes fous fes ordres, 
 & la conduite meme de plufieurs de fcs officiers, 
 ont dej 1 don^:e lieu depuis le commencement de la 
 treve, & par ou ks habitans de ces malheureux 
 pays fe f mt vus obliges de reclamer une affiftance 
 de leur Souverain, qu'il ne faura fe difpenfer de 
 leur donner, dans le cas, ou le Prince de HefTe ne 
 2 prend
 
 [ ^^1 3 
 
 Additions to the -preceding "Letter . 
 
 A. - 
 
 THE King, with a due fenfe of the une- 
 quivocal proofs his Britannick Majefty has given 
 him of his friendfliip, and of the ientiments of 
 equity and juftice which he has manifefted, in 
 fuccouring him with his moft efficacious interpofi- 
 tion, in a moment when his enemies had thought 
 to overthrow him by an invafion as fudden as ic 
 was deftruclive to his country, after feigning 
 marks of friendfhip and candour, in order to pre- 
 pare an eafier accefs to the moft aflailable part of 
 Sweden; and the King, taking a fincere pleafurc 
 in teftifying to Mr. Elliot his great fatisfadion in 
 the zeal and energy he has manifeitcd in fulfilling 
 the intentions of his court at fo critical a period 
 for Sweden ; in confequence of thefe fentiments, 
 and with a perfuafion that he will not difconcinuc 
 to effe(ft the accomplifhment of what he has fo 
 well begun, and bring on a general pacification, 
 his Majefty imparts to him the encloled declara- 
 tion, which he is going to fend Prince Charles of 
 HeiTe ; to give that Prince timely notice of the 
 complaints, for which the troops under his orders, 
 and the conduft even of feveral of his officers, 
 have already given room fince the commencement 
 of the truce, by which the inhabitants of thofe 
 unfortunate countries faw themfelves >necefil- 
 tated to implore the aftiftance of their fove- 
 reign -, which he cannot difpenfe himft-lr from 
 granting, in cafe the Prince of IIcfTe does not 
 
 take
 
 I '38 ] 
 
 prcnd des mefurcs efficaces, pour faire cefTer les 
 defordres & les violences qui les defolenr, & ne 
 prouve par des arrangemens efFeftifs pour I'eva- 
 cuation du pays, la verite de ce qu'il a indique fi 
 folemnellement a la fignature de la dernicre con- 
 vention, que le defir de contribuer a la reftitution 
 de la paix foit prefentement le guide de fes aftions. 
 Qochenbourg ce 24. 06t. 1785; 
 
 Litr. B. 
 
 Gothenbourg ce 24. Od. lySS, 
 Sire I 
 
 Je n'ai pas manque de communiquer fur le 
 champ a Mr. le Baron de Borcke la note que V. 
 M. a daigne m'adrefler. II joint fes prieres aux 
 miennes, pour lupplier V. M. de ne pas envoyer 
 la declaration au Prince de Heffe, dont elle a 
 bien voulu me faire part. Mr. de Borcke ayant 
 cu Fhonneur de mettre fous les yeux de V. M. la 
 note du comte de Bernftorff, qui remplit fi par- 
 faitement le but principal de nos negociations, 
 nous croyons que tous les autres objets de con- 
 teftation tombent d'eux-memes. 
 
 En attendant. Sire, j'envoye fans perte de terns 
 un expres au Prince de Hefle, pour informer S. 
 A. S, du mauvais effet produit par les circon- 
 ilanccs detaillees dans les rapports, & pour le por- 
 ter a eviter tout fujet de plainte ulterieure de la 
 part des habitans des diftri^ts occupes par fes 
 troupes* 
 
 Elliot, 
 
 Litr. C,
 
 [ 139 ] 
 
 take effeftual meafures to put a ftop to the dif- 
 orders and violences which defolate them ; and 
 does not, by effeftual meafures for the evacuation 
 of the country, prove the truth of what he To fo- 
 lemnly declared on figning the Jaft convention; 
 that the defire of contributing to the reftoration of 
 peace, was at prcfent the guide of his actions, 
 Gothenburg, Oft. 24, 1788. 
 
 B. 
 
 Gothenburg, Oft. 24, 1788. 
 Sire ! 
 
 I have not failed immediately to communicate 
 to Baron Borcke the note, which your Majefty has 
 been pleafed to addrefs to me. He joins his pe- 
 titions to mine, in fupplicating your Majefty not 
 to fend the Prince of Hefle the declaration im- 
 parted to me. Mr. de Borcke having bad the ho- 
 nour to lay before your Majefty the note of Count 
 Bernfdorf, which fo perfectly anfwcrs the princi- 
 pal purpofe of our negociations ; we think all the 
 other objefts in difpute fall of themfclves. 
 
 In the mean time, I lend an exprefs to the 
 Prince of Hefle without lofing a moment, to in- 
 form his Serene Highnefs of the bad eft^efts pro- 
 duced, by the circumftances minutely mentioned 
 in the reports, and to perluade him to avoid every 
 occafion for further complaints on the part of the 
 inhabitants of the diftridts occupied by his troops, 
 
 Elliot, 
 
 C.
 
 [ 140 J 
 
 Litr. C. 
 
 J*ai re^u, Mr. le Chevalier, votre lettre aq 
 moment de mon diner : le Baron de Wrede etoit 
 deja parti avec un trompette. Apres la declara- 
 tion du Roi de Dannemarc il faut efperer que 
 tOQt eft dit. Ce que j'ai fait (& vous le fentez 
 bien) eft beaucoup plus pour mon pays & pour 
 mon peuple, que pour le Prince de Hefle. Je 
 confole le peuple en lui montrant que je nt'ocaipe de 
 luiy & le Baron de Wrede, qui eft doux, poli, a 
 a ete exprcs choifi par moi, pour faire fentir au 
 Prince de Hefle, que j'etoi oblige par mes cir- 
 conftances interieures a la demarche que j'ai faite, 
 & vous avez vu vous-meme, Mr. k Chevalier, 
 combien ce que je dis eft vrai. Je fouhaite que 
 votre fante ne foufrre pas trop du terns froid qu'il 
 fait aujourd'hui, & qu'elle vous permette de me 
 voir bientoc. 
 
 Gothenbourg ce 24. Ocl. 1788. 
 
 (Signe) Gujlave, 
 
 Litr. D. 
 Sire ! 
 Nous apprenons avec une furprife melee de 
 douleur la demarche importante, que V. M. a 
 juge a propos de faire, fans nous conlulter. L'en- 
 voi de Mr. le Baron de Wrede a S. A. S, le Prince 
 de HelTvr, avec la comniiffion dont il eft charge, 
 nous paroit etre fi fufceptible des fuites les plus 
 critiques, que nous nous reuniffbns pour fupplier 
 V. M. de depecher fur le champ un courier, poure 
 
 faire
 
 [ 141 J 
 
 c. - 
 
 Your letter, Chevalier Elliot, I received, whed 
 I was at dinner. Baron de Wreden was already 
 departed, with a trumpeter. After the King of 
 Denmark's declaration, it is hoped nothing re- 
 mains to be faid. You muft be fenfible, that 
 what I did, was much more for the fake of my 
 country and of my people, than for the Prince of 
 Hefle, I comfort my fuhje^s by Jhowing them my 
 attention to them. Baron Wrede, who is mild and 
 civil, has been exprefsly chofen by me, to make 
 the Prince of HefTe fenfible that I was obliged, 
 by internal circumftances, to the ftep I took. And 
 you Chevalier, have kt:). yourfelf the truth of 
 what I fay. I willi your health may not fuffer 
 too much from this day's cold weather ; and that 
 it may permit you to fee me foon. 
 
 Gothenburg, 06k. 24, 1788. 
 
 (Signed) Gujiavusm 
 D. 
 
 Sire ! 
 We learn, with forrowful furprife, the impor- 
 tant ftep your Majefty has thought proper to take,' 
 without confuking us. The fending Baron Wre- 
 den to his Serene Highnefs the Prince of Hefle, 
 with the commiflion he is charged, appears to us 
 fo fufceptible of the moft critical confequences, 
 that we both join our entreaties to your Majefty, 
 inftantly to defpatch a courier to acquaint the 
 Prince, that your Majefty having fmce been in- 
 formed of the Court of Denmark's final anfwer, 
 
 looks
 
 I 142 i 
 
 fairc connoltre gu Prince, que V. M. (depuis 
 qu*elle a eu connoiiTance dc la reponfe finale du 
 Dannemarc) regarde la dite demarche comrtie non 
 avenue. 
 
 La declaration de la gour de Dannemarc nous 
 femble etre fi parfaitement fatisfaifante, & li ana- 
 logue aux defirs de nos cours, que nous fommes 
 perfuades, que tout effort ulterieur de notre part 
 feroit inutile, en cas que V. M. trouve convena-^ 
 ble pour la confolation de Ton peuple, de mettre 
 de nouveaux obftacles au retabliflcment de la tran- 
 quillite des deux Royaumes* 
 
 C*cft avec le plus profond refped, &c, 
 
 (Signe) Borcke. Elliot. 
 
 No. XXIII. 
 
 Note remife a S. M. le Rot de Suede par Mr. Elliot ^ 
 le 27. O^obrCy J788. 
 
 Le fousfigne a Thonneur de mettre fous les yeux 
 du Roi I'extrait d'une lettre qu'il a re^ue ce matin 
 de S. A. S. Mgr. le Prince Charles de Hefle. S. 
 A. S. s'appuyant entiercment fur i'arbitrage de la 
 cour Britannique, & reclamant les offices du fouf- 
 figne, il s'emprefle de temoigner fa fenfibilite au 
 Roi, de ce que S. M. n'a pas daigne fe conformer 
 au meme fyfteme, quilui femble avoir rcf u I'ap- 
 probation indubitable du Roi par Particle 9. du 
 traite d'armiftice. Cependant par defereJice aux 
 volontes de S. M. 1q Roi de Suede, le fousfigne 
 4 eviter^
 
 C '4^- ] 
 looks upon the faid ftep as if it had never takeft 
 place. 
 
 The declaration of the Court of Denmark, ap- 
 pears to us fo perfedly fatisfaftory and agreeable 
 to the defires of our Courts, that we are fully- 
 convinced any further endeavours on our part 
 would prove abortive, in cafe your Majefty fliould 
 find it convenient, /<7r /Z'^ confolation of your people^ 
 to put new obftacles in the way oi the re-^cftabhfh- 
 ment of peace and tranquillity in both kingdoms. 
 
 With the mod profound refpedt, &c. 
 
 (Signed) B or eke. Elliot, 
 
 No. XXIIL 
 
 Note delivered to his Swedijh Majefty^ h;^ 
 Mr, Elliot^ the lyth of 0£l, i-]^^. 
 
 The underwritten has the honour to lay before 
 the King, an extrad: of a letter he received this 
 morning from his Serene Highnefs Prince Charles 
 of HefTe. That Prince depending on, and refer- 
 ring himfelf entirely to, the arbitrage of the Britifli 
 Court, and claiming the good offices of the under- 
 written ; he cannot help exprefling his fenfibiiity 
 to the King, at his not having conformed to the 
 fyftem, which, by the ninth article of the treaty 
 of truce, fcemed to have had his Majefty's un- 
 doubted approbation. However, in deference to 
 the will of his Swediih Majefty, the underwritten 
 will avoid taking notice of whatever was not flat- 
 tering;:
 
 [ 144 ] 
 cvitera de relever tout ce qu*l y avoit de peu flat- 
 teur pour fa cour & pour la perfonne dans la mif- 
 fion du Baron de Wrede a Uddewalla avec une 
 declaration direde au Prince de Hefle, dans la- 
 quelle aucune reference n'a ete faire a I'arbitrage 
 de la cour de Londres. 
 
 Le Prince Charles de Hefle ayant fait part au 
 fousfigne d'une lettre particuliere qu'il a adreflee 
 au Roi, dans laquelle le Prince defavoue formelle- 
 ment la connoifl^ance de toute infradion faite par 
 fes troupes au dernier traite d'armiftice : il ne 
 doute pas, que S. M. avec fa magnanimite ordi- 
 naire ne confentc a regarder cetce affaire comme 
 terminee, & que S. M. Suedoife ne foit d'autant 
 plus portee a cctte condefcendance, puifque le P* 
 de Hefl^e inftruit le fousfigne, qu'il prend deja les 
 mefures necefTaires, pour faire rentrer fes troupes 
 en Norvege. 
 
 Mr. le Baron de Borcke conjointement avec le 
 fousfigne, & en conformite avec les intentions des 
 cours de Berlin & de Londres, auront I'honneur 
 de propofer au Roi de Suede & au Prince de Hefle 
 une convention pour regler tout ce qui aura rap- 
 port a I'evacuation de la Suede par les troupes 
 Danoifes, & a un armiftice qui procure aux puif- 
 fances mediatrices le terns de concerter les moyens 
 les plus propres a retablir la tranquillite du 
 Nord. 
 
 Les Miniftres des puifl^ances mediatrices rem- 
 pliront parfaitement le but de leurs Souverains, 
 s'ils ont le bunheur de faire fucceder un fyfteme 
 de paix & d'amitie entre les fujets de deux grands 
 
 Rois
 
 I H5 ] 
 taring for his Court and for himfelf, in Baron 
 Wrede's million to Uddewalla, with a direfl de- 
 claration to the Prince of Hefle ; in which not the 
 leaft referve was made to the arbitration of the 
 Court of London. 
 
 Prince Charles of Hefle having communicated 
 to the underwritten, a particular letter v/hich he 
 had addrefied to the King; in which the Prince 
 formally difavows die knowledge or any infrasftion 
 by his troops againft the laft treaty of truce : he 
 makes no doubt of his Majefby's confenting with 
 his ufual magnanimity, to look upon this affair as 
 finiflied, and of his Swedifli Majefty's condefcend- 
 ing to it the more willingly, fince the Prince ot 
 HcfTe has lent the underwritten word, that he is 
 already taking the necelTary meafures for removing 
 his army to Norway. 
 
 Baron de Borcke, jointly with the underwritten, 
 and in conformity to the intentions of the Courts 
 of Berlin and London, will have the honour to 
 propofe to the King of Sweden, and the Prince of 
 Heflb, a convention for regulating all that relates 
 to the evacuation of Sweden by the Danifli troops ; 
 and for a new armiflice, which may allow the 
 mediating powers time to concert the properefl 
 means for reftoring the tranquillity of the North. 
 
 The Minifters of the mediating powers will 
 completely fulfil the purpofe of their Sovereigns, if 
 fo fortunate as to caufe a fyftem of peace and friend- 
 fhip between the fubjefts of two great Kings, near 
 neighbours and relations, to fucceed to the hor- 
 rors of a war raifcd by a foreign quarrel. May 
 
 L Provi-
 
 [ 146 ] 
 
 Rois voifins & parens, aux horreurs d*une guerre^ 
 lufcit6e par les fuites d'une querelle etrangere. 
 Puiffe la Providence benir leurs efforts, pour re- 
 unir les deux nations par les memes liens de la 
 confiance & de I'amitie, qui ont fi long-terns affure 
 Ic repos du Nord de TEurope. 
 
 No. XXIV. 
 
 Note remife au Roi par Mr. Elliot, 
 
 Le fousfigne a Thonneur de mettre fous les 
 yeux du Roi un memoire qui lui a ete adreffe par 
 S. A. S. le Prince Charles de Heffe. 
 
 L'enlevement de plufieurs bateaux appartenants 
 a I'armee Danoife pendant la duree du premier ar- 
 miftice, conclu fous la parole d'honneur des hautes 
 parties contradtantes, & confie au fousfigne, donne 
 lieu a cette reclamation de la part du Prince 
 Charles de HefTe. 
 
 Le fousfigne ne peut fe refufer de rapeller au 
 Roi I'expreffion energique & flatteufe de S. M. 
 " ^lelle fuperbe pofition ! un individu eji le depoji- 
 *' taire de la parole d''honneur d'un grand Roi^ 6f 
 " d'un Prince commandant une armce. 
 
 Cell au caradtere reconnu de verite de la nation 
 Britannique, ftable comme les fondemens de leur 
 Ifle, que le fousfigne a vu un Souverain & un 
 Prince s'appuyer, pour arreter I'effufion de fang 
 qui alloit inonder le Nord de I'Europe : c'efl: fur 
 Faflurance verbale d'un etranger, crue fur la foi 
 " ■ dc
 
 i i47 i 
 
 r'rovidence blefs their endeavours to re-unite th6 
 wo nations by the fame ties,. of mutual confidence 
 and friendfhip, which have fo long fecured the 
 peace in the north of Europe. 
 
 No. XXIV. 
 
 -^ I'^oie, delivered to the King, by Mr. Elliot, 
 
 1 he underwritten has the honour to lay before 
 the Kingj a memorial which has been addrefled 
 to him by his Serene Highnefs, Prince Ciiarles of 
 Hefle. • 
 
 The feifure of the feveral boats belonging td 
 the Danilh army, during the firft armiftice, con- 
 cluded under the word of honour of the high con- 
 trafting parties, and confided to the underfigned^ 
 occafions this reclamation on the part of Prince 
 Charles of Hefle. 
 
 The underwritten cannot avoid remembering 
 the King of this energetic and flattering expreflioa 
 of his Majefty : " JVhat a glorious fituation j an 
 " individual is the depofitory of the folemn word of 
 " a great King, and of a Prince commanding an 
 *' army /" 
 
 It was on the acknowledged charafter of Bri- 
 tlfli veracity, Arable as the foundation of their 
 ifland, the underwritten faw a Sovereign and a 
 Prince rely, to flop the efl"urion of blood on the 
 point of inundating the north of Europe. It was 
 the verbal afi^^jrance of a fl:ranger, credited for the 
 L 2 faith
 
 [ .48 ] 
 
 de Ton nom & de fa patrie, que deux armees au 
 moment du combat ont depole leurs haines, & re^ 
 nouvellent leurs anciens liens d'amitie & de con- 
 fraternite. C'eft done aux noms lacr^s de I'hon- 
 neur & de la verite, que le fousfigne doit declarer^ 
 que felon fes foibles lumieres les objets conteftes 
 doivent etre rendus au P. Charles de Heffe. 11 
 fe difpenfe d'entrer dans une dilcuffion raifonnee fur 
 les lieux & le terns : il remplit fa tache en citant 
 fon droit d'arbitre. 
 
 Temoin de toutc I'elevation des fentimens d*un 
 grand Roi, qui a manifefle dans le moment le 
 plus critique de fon regne toutes les qualites d'un 
 heros, & qui a re^u toutes les preuves d'attache- 
 ment & de loyaute, apanage des Suedois ; le 
 fousfigne croit procurer au Roi & a la Suede une 
 nouvelle trophee, en demandant un facrifice didte 
 par I'honneur. 
 
 No. XXV. 
 
 LeUre de Mr, Elliot ^ en date d'Uddewalla 31.0^. 
 
 1788. 
 
 J'ai Phonneur d*envoyer ci-inclus une lettre dc 
 S. M. Sucdoife a V, A. S. Je fuis affez informe 
 de fon contenu pour favoir, que le Roi y exprime 
 fon defir de voir renouveller entre V. A. S. & S. M. 
 les liens de I'amitie, qui fubfiftoient depuis 22. 
 ans avant la crife malheureufe, qui approche 
 de la fin. II m'eft aulll permis d'aflurer V. A. S. 
 
 que
 
 [ H9 ] 
 
 faith of his name and country, that two armies 
 ready to combat, have refigned their hatred, and 
 renewed their ancient ties of amity and confrater- 
 nity. It is therefore in the facred name of honour 
 and truth, the underwritten is obliged to declare, 
 that according to his weak infight, the objeds 
 contefted mufl be reftored to Prince Charles of 
 Hefle. He difpenfes entering into a reafonable 
 difcuflion upon time and place ; he fulfils his talk, 
 in virtue of his right as umpire. 
 
 As witnefs of the elevated fentiments of a great 
 King, who, in the mod critical moment of his 
 reign, has manifefted all the qualities of a hero ; 
 and received every demonftration of attachment 
 and loyalty, inherent in the Swedifli nation ; the 
 underwritten hopes to procure the King and Swe- 
 den a new trophy, by demanding a facrifice dic- 
 tated by honour. 
 
 No. XXV. 
 
 Mr. EUiofs Letter^ dated Uddewalla^ 05f, 31, 
 1788. 
 
 Enclofed I have the honour to tranfmit your Se- 
 rene Highnefs a letter from his Svvedifh Majefty. 
 I am fufficiently informed of the contents, to 
 know that the King exprefles a defire to fee the 
 ties of friendfhip renewed between your Serene 
 Highnefs and his Majerty, which have fubfifted 
 for twenty-two years before the unhappy crifis, 
 
 L 3 thai
 
 [ ^5P ] 
 qyc le Roi de Suede defire extremement garder les 
 c&nons, fur lefquels les armes de la Suede font 
 graves. Je n'ai pas manque de reclamer les 
 canons comme appartenans par le droit de guerre 
 a la difpofition de V. A. S. mais je dois ajouter 
 de la part du Roi de Suede, que S. M. acceptera 
 comme une preuve non equivoque de I'amitie re- 
 nouvellee de fon beaufrere, qu'il laifTe les dits 
 canons dans fa poffefTion, & que Ton fe defiftc de 
 toute difcufiion ulterieure fur cec objet. 
 
 Je n'ai aucun doute, que le Roi de fon cote ne 
 {q porte par les fentimens de juftice & d'equitc 
 dont S. M. fe fait gloire, de donner a V. A. S, 
 toute la fatisfaflion qu'Elle pourra defirer pour 
 I'affaire des bateaux. 
 
 J'ai I'honneur, &c. 
 
 No. XXVI. 
 
 Reponfe a la Lettre d<; S. M. Suedoife^ Uddcwalla 
 I. Nov, 1788. 
 
 Le Miniftre-pienipotentiaire de S. iVI. Britan- 
 nique m'ayant remis la gracieufe lettre, dont V, 
 M, s'efl: plu a m'honorcr, jc m'cmprefTe de met- 
 tre a vos pieds, Sire, les expreflions de ma plus 
 vive fenfibilite & de ma reconnoiffance la plus re- 
 fpedlueufe. 
 
 J'ai appris de Mr. Elliot, que V. M. dcfiroic 
 de conferver les canons qui ont etc repris pendant 
 rarmiftice. Je fuis charge de la part de S. A. R,
 
 i 151 ] 
 
 that now approaches its end. I have leave alfo 
 to afTure your Highnefs, that the King is very de- 
 firous to keep the guns, on which the arms of 
 Sweden Hand engraved. I did not omit claiming 
 the cannons, as belonging by right of war to your 
 Serene Highnefs's difpofal. But muft add in the 
 King's name, that his Majefty will accept it as a 
 certain proof of his brother-in-law's renewed friend- 
 lliip, if he leaves the faid guns in his poflefllon, 
 and defifls from all further difcuflions on this 
 head. 
 
 I have no doubt, but the King on his part will 
 liften to the fentiments of juflice and equity which 
 he makes his glory, and give your Serene High- 
 nefs all the fatisfadlion you wifh, in regard to the 
 boats. 
 
 I have the honour to be, &c. 
 
 No. XXVI. 
 
 Anfwer to the Letter of his SwediJIo Majefiy^ Udde- 
 walla^ Nov, i, 1788. 
 
 His Britannick Majefty's Miniller-plenipoten- 
 tiary, having delivered me the gracious letter which 
 your Majefty has been pleafed to honour me with, 
 I haften, Sire, to lay at your h^t the expreflions 
 of my moft lively fenfibility, and of my mod re- 
 fpeftful acknowledgements. 
 
 I have learnt from Mr. Elliot, your Majefty's 
 
 defire to keep the cannons that were taken during 
 
 L 4 the
 
 (15^] 
 
 Mgr. le Prince-Royal de picfcnter fcs plus tendres 
 refpeds a V. M. & de la prier en fen nom de les 
 agreer de fa part, dcs que tout le refte de cettq 
 transaftion fera terqiine a Tairaable, comme Mr. 
 Elliot me I'a fait efpcrer de la nianiere la plus 
 pofitive. 
 
 Rien ne fauroit furpaiTer ma fatisfadlion, de me 
 voir renouveller les affu ranees des hautes bonnes 
 graces de V. M. J'ofe la fupplier de me les con- 
 ferver, & de vouloir agreer les hommages de la 
 profonde veneration & du devouement infini, avec 
 lesquels &c. 
 
 No. XXVII. 
 
 Reponfe a Mr. Elliot, de la mh:: date. 
 
 J'ai le plaifir de Vous envoyer une reponfe a la 
 kttre de S. M. Suedcife, que je Vous prie, Mon- 
 fieur, de vouloir faire parvenir a S. M. avec mes 
 refpeiftueux homimages. Je viens d'abord de 
 parler a S. A. R. Mgr. le Prince-Royal du dcfir 
 de S. M. de confervcr les canons enleves pendant 
 I'armiftice, & S. A. R. m'a charge de les ofFrir au 
 Roi en fon nom, & de le prier de les agreer de fa 
 part. Je fuis charme au refte, que toutcs les dif- 
 cuITions pour la capture des bateaux vontenfin finir 
 par Vos bons offices, Mr. & que I'armee & les 
 individus, qui cnt en partie tact foufFert, vont 
 rentrer en pofTefTion du bicn le plus legitime. 
 Aufll viens-je de fufpendre fur le champ les moyens 
 
 toujour'-,
 
 the armiftice. I am charged by his Royal High- 
 nefs the Prince-Royal, to prefent his mod tender 
 refpeds to your Majefty, and to requeft, in his 
 name, their acceptance as foon as the remainder 
 of this tranfaclion fhall be amicably terminated ; 
 of which Mr. Elliot has given me the moft po- 
 fitive hopes. 
 
 Nothing can furpafs my fatisfaftion in feeing 
 the afiurances of your Majefty's augufl good graces 
 renewed me. I humbly beg their continuance, 
 and that you will plcafe to accept my moft humble 
 refpefls, with the profound veneration and in- 
 finite devotion with which, &c. 
 
 No. XXVII. 
 
 Jnfwer to Mr. Elliot, of the fame date, 
 
 I have the pleafure to fend you an anfwer to his 
 Swedifh Majefty's letter, which I beg you, Sir, 
 to convey to him with my refpe<5tful duty. I im- 
 mediately mentioned to his Royal Highnefs the 
 Crown-Prince, his Majefty's wifli of keeping the 
 ordnance taken during the truce; whereupon his 
 Royal Highnels was pleafed to order me to offer 
 them the King in his name, and to requeft their 
 acceptance. For the reft, I am glad, Sir, the 
 whole dilpute concerning the capture of the veflels 
 will be finally fettled by means of your good 
 offices -, and that the army and individuals who 
 have partly fuffered fo much by it, will again 
 4 pofixifs
 
 I 154 ] 
 
 toujours extrcirjemsnt affligeans pour iin coeur 
 comme ie mien, de me rend re ju ft ice a moi-mcme, 
 Je fuis &c. 
 
 No. XXVill. 
 
 Projet d'tme convention d' arrtiiftice entre S. M. h 
 Roi de Suede £5? ' le Prince Charles Landgrave de 
 Hejfe, remis -par Mr. RUiot. 
 
 Soit notoire a tous ceux qu'il appartiendra : que 
 pai" rinterpofition dts cours de Berlin &de Londres 
 les chofes en etant venues au point, qu'il a ete 
 figne deux conventions d'armiftice entre S. M. le 
 Roi de Suede & S. A. S. le Prince Charles Land- 
 grave de Hefle, le 9. & 16. du prefent mois 
 d'Oftobre, dont la derniere expire le 13. Novemb. 
 prochain ^ & la cour de Dannemarc ayant temolgne 
 fon defir de voir moyenner & faciliter, par les 
 miniftres des deux cours fusdites, une prolongation 
 de la treve fubfiftante jusqu'au mois de May de 
 Tannce prochaine, afin' d'ecarter de part & d'autre 
 tout ce qui pourroit rendre la pacification duNord 
 pius difficile & plus embarrafiee ; les miniflres 
 pienipotentiaires fousmentionncs ont moyenne entre 
 Ico deux parties la convention fuivante : 
 
 Art. I. 
 
 I^a trcve entre les forces de terre & de mer de 
 S. M. Sucdoife & celles de la courde Dannemarc 
 l^ra e>i vertu de la ]yr(:kux.Q prolongee pour fii: 
 
 mois.
 
 [ ^5S ] 
 
 polTefs their lawful property. I have immediately 
 fufpended thofe means ib very diftreffing to a heart 
 like mine, of doing jullice to mylelf. 1 am, &c, 
 
 No. XXVIII. 
 
 Plan of a convention for an armiflice^ letween the 
 King of Sweden and Prince Charles of Hejfe^ deli- 
 vered by Mr, Elliot, 
 
 To all whom it concerns : Be it known, that 
 by the interpofition of the Courts of Berlin and 
 London, two conventions of truce have fucceeded 
 and been figned, by his Majcfty the King of 
 Sweden and his Serene Highnefs Prince Charles, 
 I^andgrave of Hefie, on the 9th and i6th of this 
 prefenc month of October, the latter of which ex- 
 piring the 13th of November next, and the Court 
 of Denmark having; teftified its defire of feeino; a 
 prolongation of the truce now (ubfifling mediated 
 and fettled by the Minifters of the aforementioned 
 Courts, and extended to the month of May in the 
 year enfuing ; in order the better to avoid whatever 
 might on either fide impede and embarrafs the 
 peace of the porth, the underwritten Minillersr 
 plenipotentiary have mediated the following con- 
 vention between the two partico : 
 
 Article I. 
 
 The truce between the forces, by land and fca, 
 of his Swedifh Majefty and of the Court of Den- 
 mark,
 
 [ 156 ] 
 mois, a dater du jour de Texpiration de celle qui 
 fubfifte afluellement, & les miniftres des cours 
 mediatrices travaiileront fans perte de terns a 
 moyenner des arrangemens ulterieurs, qui puiflent 
 retablir pour I'avenir la tranquillite & la confiance 
 entre les deux Royaumes fur un pied folide & 
 permanent. 
 
 Art. II. 
 
 S. A. S. le Prince de HefTe, qui a deja ma- 
 tlifefte fes intentions, de vouloir faire evacuer aux 
 troupes fous fon commandement les provinces 
 Suedoifes qu'elles cccupent, prendra, conforme- 
 ment aux affurances que la cour de Copenhague 
 en a fait donner a S. M. PrufTienne, fes quartiers 
 d'hyver en Norvege avant le 13. Nov. prochain, 
 & cela de maniere, que hs forces de terre & de 
 mer fous fes ordres quittent entierement les pays 
 & les caux foumifes a la domination de S. M. le 
 Roi de Suede avant I'expiration de cette epoque, 
 au fujet de quoi il a ece encore convenu, que les 
 troupes aux ordres de S. A. prendront, pour fortir 
 de Suede les routes, par lesquelles elles y font 
 cntre, favoir par le Svinefund & I'endroit, appelle 
 Krog, fans palTer par le Wermeland. 
 
 Art. III. 
 
 Durant tout le tems que durera I'armiflice, il 
 nc fe commettra aucun afte d'hoftilite ou de voye 
 de fait de la part des forces de terre & de mer de 
 S. M. Dano:l"e contre les provinces Suedoifes & 
 
 les
 
 [ '57 1 
 
 mark, (hall, by virtue of this prefcnt convention^ 
 be prolonged for the fpace of fix months from the 
 day of the expiration of the prefent fubfifting; and 
 the Minifcers of the mediating Courts will, with- 
 out lofs of time, labour to promote the further 
 meafures that may re-eftabliih, in future, peace 
 and confidence between the two kingdoms, upon a 
 folid and permanent foundation. 
 
 Article II. 
 
 His Serene Highnefs the Prince of Hefle, who 
 
 has already manifefted his intention of caufing the 
 troops under his command to evacuate the Swedilh 
 provinces they now occupy, will, agreeably to the 
 alTurances given bv the Court of Denmark to his 
 Pruflian Majefty, take his winter quarters in 
 Norway before the 13th of November next; fo 
 that the land and fea forces he commands may 
 entirely quit the countries and waters fubjed: to his 
 Swedilh Majefl:y's empire, before the expiration of 
 that term : refpeding which it has been further 
 agreed, that the troops under his Serene High- 
 nefs's orders fiiall march out of Sweden by the road 
 they entered, viz. over Svinefund, and by the 
 place called Krog, without pafiing through Wer- 
 meland. 
 
 Article III. 
 
 No a6t of hoflility on the part of his Danifh 
 Majcfty's fea and land forces ihall be committed 
 during this armiftice againft the Swedifh provinces 
 *nd fubjecfts, neither on the Norway fide, nor on 
 
 that
 
 t 158 i 
 
 ks fujets Suedois, ni du cote de la Norvege, ni 
 de celui du Royaume de Dannemarc, & I'effet de 
 la treve s'etendra fur toute la cote depuis Falfter- 
 RifFjufqu'a Stroemftadt, & fur les mers, qui fepa- 
 rent dans cette partie le Dannemarc d'avec la Suede, 
 ^ufli bien que fur la frontiere qui fepare la Suede 
 de la Norvege : & fi, ce qu'a Dieu ne plaife, les 
 hoftiiites devroient commencer a I'expiration de 
 cette treve, la partie qui voudroit le faire, devroit 
 avertir I'autre 40. jours d'avance de ce deffein, de 
 forte que fans avertiflement prealable elle fera 
 pour tous les cas cenfec etre prolongee de 40, 
 jours. 
 
 Art. IV. 
 
 S. A. S. le Prince de HelTe donnera les ordres 
 les plus flrifls, pour que pendant la duree de la 
 treve aucune perfonne d'une capacite militaire 
 Danoife ne pafle la frontiere fusdite, -a moins d'y 
 etre autorilee par un paffeport de I'officier civil ou 
 militaire, auquel S. M. Suedoife aura confie I'ex- 
 ercice de fon autorite fur la frontiere. 
 
 Art. V. 
 
 Si S. A. S. le Prince Charles, Landgrave de 
 HefTe, fe fervoit pour fa marche en Norvege du 
 charroi des provinces Suedoifes pour des tranfports 
 des malades ou autres ufages indifpenfables, Elle 
 promet de le renvoyer de la frontiere, Sc de ne 
 pas forcer aucun fujet Suedois de fuivre les troupes 
 Danoifes en Norvege, ainfi que de faire bonifier 
 le prix des chcvaux qui pourroient crever en route. 
 3 Art.
 
 C 159 ] 
 
 that of the kingdom of Denmark; and the rructf 
 fhall operate in its effed along the whole coaft, 
 from Falfter-Riff to Stroemftadt, and upon the 
 feas which in that part feparate Denmark from 
 Sweden, and alfo on the frontiers that divide 
 Sweden from Norway : And lliould hoftilities 
 begin again, at the expiration of this truce, which 
 God forbid ! the party inclined thereto fhall give 
 the other forty days previous notice of this defign ; 
 in fuch manner, that without any previous advice 
 the truce fhall in all cafes be confidered as pro- 
 longed to forty days. 
 
 Article IV. 
 
 His Serene Highnefs the Prince of Hefle fhall 
 give his moll ftricl orders, that, during the truce, 
 no Danifh perfon of military rank lliall crofs the 
 above confines, unlefs authorifed thereto by fome 
 civil or military officer, entrufted with the exercife 
 of his Sv/edifh Majefiy's authority on the frontiers. 
 
 Article Y. 
 
 Should his Serene Highnefs Frince diaries. 
 Landgrave of HefTe, employ Swedifii carriages on 
 his march to Norway, for the traniport of the fick 
 or other indifpenfable occafions, he promifes to 
 fmd them back from the fron tiers, without farcing 
 any Swedifii fubject to follow the Danifh troops 
 into Norway ; and alfo to compenfate the value of 
 the horfcs that may drop on the road. 
 
 Article
 
 [ i6o 1 
 
 Art. VI. 
 
 Les prifonniers faits depuis le commencement 
 dcs hollilites de part & d'autre, feront relaches de 
 bonne foi & fans ranfon avant la Mi-Novembre 
 ou plutoc, fi faire fe peut. 
 
 Art. Vir. 
 
 Pendant la duree de la treve le commerce & la 
 navigation feront libres pour les fujets des deux 
 Royaumes, comme ils I'etoient avant le com- 
 mencement des hoftilites, & on ne troublera ni 
 arretera les polles dans leur cours de part ni 
 d'autre. 
 
 Art. VIII. 
 
 Les precedentes conventions font confirmees 
 par la prefente en tant qu'elle n'y deroge pas. 
 Et pour eviter toute explication, qui pourroit 
 caufer de I'aigreur & nuire au rctabliffement de la 
 bonne harmonic, qui eft le principal but du re- 
 nouvellement de la treve, on enfevelira dans 
 Toubli les conteftations qui ont pu s'elever duranc 
 les deux treves, fignees le 9. & i6. 061. courant. 
 
 Art. IX. 
 
 Cette convention ayant ete propofee par les 
 miniftres des cours de Berlin & de Londres, & 
 acceptee fous la mediation & garantie de LL. MM. 
 Pruflienne & Eritannique, toute difcuffion, qui 
 
 pourroit
 
 [ i6i ] 
 
 Article VI. 
 
 jPrifoners on either fide made fmce the com- 
 tnencement of hoftilities, Ihall be faithfully releaitd 
 without ranfom, before the middle of November, 
 or fooner, if poflible. 
 
 Article VII. 
 
 During the continuance of the truce, trade and 
 navigation fhall be free to all the fubjefls of both 
 kingdoms, the fame as before the hoftilities began ; 
 nor fhall the pofts be ftopt, or difturbed, in their 
 courfe by either party. 
 
 Article VIII. 
 
 The preceding conventions ftand confirmed by 
 the prefent, as far as it does not derogate from any 
 part thereof. And to avoid all explanations that 
 might create animofity, and prove hurtful to the 
 reftoration of that good harmony which is the prin- 
 cipal aim of the renewal of the truce ; all difputes 
 which have arifen during the two preceding ar- 
 miftices, figned the 9th and i6th of October, 
 fliall be buried in oblivion. 
 
 Article IX. 
 
 This convention having been propofed by the 
 
 Minifters of the Courts of Berlin and London, and 
 
 accepted under the mediation and guarantee of 
 
 their PrulTian and Britannick Majefties, all dif- 
 
 M putes
 
 [ i6i ] 
 
 pourroit furvenir fur fon obfervation, fera confiee 
 a I'arbitrage de ces deux monarques, & les griefs 
 qui pourroient naitre de part ou d'autre, feront 
 deferes aux miniftres poUrviis des pouvoirs de 
 LL. MM., pour y faire remedier fuivant I'equite 
 & Tcfprit de la prefente convention. En foi de 
 quoi elle a ete expediee en double, & fignee par 
 les deux miniftres charges de cette mediation, avec 
 I'acceptation de S. A. S. le Prince Charles Land- 
 grave de Hefle, & fous la ratification refervee de 
 LL. MM. Suedoife & Danoife. Fait a Gothen- 
 bourg & Uddewalla le j 788. 
 
 Article^ - dont S. M. Suedoife deftre encort 
 Vinfertion. 
 
 S. A. S. le Prince de HefTe s'oblige a ne lever 
 aucune contribution en evacuant les provinces 
 Suedoifes, de faire liquider les refus ou mandats 
 fur le commiflariat, que fes officiers ou autres 
 employes auront donnes pour des livraifons ou 
 fournitures. De meme toutes les dectes parti- 
 culieres, contradees dans ces provinces par les 
 officiers ou autres perfonnes de I'armee aux ordres 
 de S. A, feront payees. 
 
 No. XXIX.
 
 putes that may arife abqut its obfervation (hall be 
 confided to the arbitration of thole two Monarchs ; 
 iind the grievances which may take place on either 
 fide, {hall be referred to the Minifters fiirnifhed 
 with full power from their Majefties, to be re- 
 dreffed according to the equity and fpirit of this 
 convention. In evidence of which, the prefent 
 has been doubly written out, and figned by the 
 two Minifters charged with the faid mediation ; 
 with the acceptation of his Serene Highnefs Prince 
 Charles, Landgrave of Hefle, and under the re- 
 ferved ratification of their Swedifli and DaniHi 
 Majefties. Given at Gothenburg and Udde- 
 walla, the 1788. 
 
 Article, the infertion of which is defired hy his 
 Swedijh Majejly, 
 
 His Serene Highnefs the Prince of Hefle en- 
 gages himfelf to raife no contribution on eva- 
 cuating the Swedifti territories ; to fee the receipts 
 or orders for payment given on the CommifiTaries 
 by his ofiicei^ or others in employ, for fupplies of 
 provifions, duely liquidated. And alfo that all 
 private debts fliall be paid, contrafted in thefe pro- 
 vinces, by officers or other perfons belonging to 
 the army under the command of his Serene 
 Highnefs. 
 
 M 2 No. XXIX.
 
 [ i64 J 
 
 No. XXIX. 
 
 Precis rmis a Mr. Elliot au fujet du projet di 
 convention d'armiftice precedent. 
 
 La paix n'ayant point ete confideree de la part 
 de S. M. Suedoife comme rompue, il ne faudra 
 jamais meler des articles dans la convention, qui 
 pourroient etre cenfes replatrer par une treve une 
 paix non interrompue. 
 
 Le cas eft tout different. S. M. a cede a 
 S. M.- rimperatrice de toutes les Ruffies un corps 
 de 12 mille hommes a fa difpofition, felon la teneur 
 du traite d'alliance, quand S. M. Imperiale feroit 
 attaquee hoftilement. Ce cas eft avenu, & S. M. 
 I. ayant demande le fecours ftipule, & I'ayant 
 reclame expreffement du cote de la Norvege, 
 S. M. Danoife n'a felon la teneur de fes engage- 
 mens pu que ceder ce corps de troupes, dont 
 EUe m*a confie le commandement. Ces troupes 
 font entre en Suede, & ont occupe, a main armee 
 premierement, puis par une treve ou armiftice 
 formel, le Bahuflehn, le Dahlfland & une partie 
 de la Wermelande. Sur la point de marcher vers 
 Gothenbourg, I'Envoye extraordinaire de S. M. 
 Britannique me declara, que la prife de Gothen- 
 bourg feroit le fignal d'une guerre, que I'Angle- 
 terre & la Prulfe declareroient au Dannemare. 
 Uniquement arrece par cette declaration dans mes 
 progrcs ulterieurs, Mr. Elliot me propofant une 
 treve du huit jours, j'y confentis fur Taffurance de 
 ce miniftre, qu'il arreteroit tous les preparatifs 
 
 ulterieurs
 
 [ ^^5 ] 
 No. XXIX. 
 
 plfervations delivered to Mr. Elliot, on the fubjeSi 
 of the preceding projected convention for an ar^ 
 mijiice. 
 
 The peace having never been confidered as 
 broken on the part of his Swedifli Majefty, articles 
 which may be looked on as patching up by a truce 
 an uninterrupted peace, (hould never be inferted 
 and intermixed in the convention. 
 
 The cafe is quite different. His Danifh Ma- 
 jefty has ceded to the difpofal of her Majefty the 
 Emprefs a corps of 12,000 men, when her Im- 
 perial Majefty fhould be attacked, agreeably to 
 the tenor of a treaty of alliance. This cafe has 
 happened. And her Imperial Majefty having 
 made a demand of the ftipulated fuccour, and 
 claimed it exprefsly from the fide of Norway, his 
 Danifti Majefty, in confequencc of his engage- 
 ments, could not but cede this corps trufted to 
 my command. Thofe troops have entered Swe- 
 den ; and have taken pofleflion, firft fword in 
 hand, and afterwards by a formal truce, or ar- 
 miftice, of Bahuflehn, Dalia, and part of Werme- 
 land : when on the point of marching to Gothen* 
 burg, the Envoy-extraordinary of his Britannick 
 Majefty declared to me, the taking of Gothen- 
 burg would be the fignal for a war, which England 
 and PrufTia would declare againft Denmark. Stopc 
 in my further progrefs by this declaration alone, and 
 Mr. Elliot propofing me a truce of eight days, I 
 M g acquiefqcd
 
 [ i66 ] 
 
 ulterieurs de guerre des deux cours de Londres & 
 dc Berlin : neanmoins cela ne put prevenir, par 
 Teloignement des diftances, la declai^tion hoflilc 
 de S. M. Pruffienne a Copenhague. Mais les 
 deux minillres des cours mediatrices ayant declare 
 depuis a S. M. Suedoife, que leurs cours feroient 
 entierement fatisfaites de la reponfe miniflerielle 
 donnee par Mr. Je comte de EernftorfFfur cette 
 declaration, & ayant en meme terns refu I'ordre 
 du Roi, de prendre avec tout le corps de troupes 
 auxiliaires mes quartiers d'hyver en Norvege, je 
 declare, que je ferai pofitivement fous Taffiftance 
 divine, a moins d'empechemens phyfiques abfo- 
 lument imprevus, le 13. Novembre, jour de 
 I'expiration de la treve, avec routes les troupes 
 hors des etats de S. M. Suedoife 6r rentre en Nor- 
 vege. Ce point decide, la declaration du Roi a 
 S. M. Pruflienne, touchant I'evacuation de la 
 Suede, eft accomplie. 11 ne refte rien a faire qu'a 
 prolonger la treve entre S. M. Suedoife & le chef 
 du corps auxiliaire, fous la mediation des deux 
 cours mediatrices. Cet armiftice prolonge pour 
 fix mois, ou bien jusqu'au i. Mai ou 15. Mai, 
 felon le choix de S. M. Suedoife, ne fauroit au 
 refte concerner d'aucune maniere la Norvege, 6c 
 encore moins le Dannemarc, le Roi n'etant point 
 en guerre avec S. M. Suedoife. Je n'oferois aufli 
 point me meler de conclure des treves, des traices 
 &c. au nom du Roi : j'agis comme ciief du corps 
 auxiliaire, & c'cft en cette qualite que j'ofe traiter, 
 11 ne faudra d>.i;c point faire mention d'une partie 
 des forces de S. M. Danoife, fans alleguer en meme 
 
 terns.
 
 [ 167 ] 
 
 dcqulefced on his alTuring me, he would flop all 
 further preparations for a war on the part of 
 England and PrufTia, Neverthelefs the hoftilc de- 
 claration made by his Pruflian Majefty at Copen- 
 hagen, could not be prevented on account of the 
 diftance. But the two Minifters of the mediating 
 Courts having fince declared to his Swedifh iVla- 
 jefty, that their refpeflive Courts were fully fatistied 
 with the minifterial anfwer given by Count Bern- 
 florff to their declaration ; and having, at the 
 fame time, received the King's orders, with my 
 whole auxiliary army to take up my winter- 
 quarters in Norway ; I do declare, that with di- 
 vine afliftance, and if no unforefeen phyfical im- 
 pediments intervene, I will pofitively be in Norway, 
 with ail my troops, on the 13th of November, the 
 day of the expiration of the truce, and out of his 
 Swedifh Majefty's dates. This point being de- 
 cided, the King's declaration to his Pruflian Ma- 
 jefty is accompliflied. There remains now nothing 
 further to be done, but to prolong the truce be- 
 tween his Swedifli Majefty and the chief of the 
 auxiliary army, under the mediation of the two 
 mediating Courts. This armiftice prolonged for 
 fix months, or till the ill or 15th oF May, as his 
 Swedifli Majefl:y choofes, can no ways concern 
 Norway, and fliill lefs Denmark, flnce the King is 
 not at war with his Swedifli Majefl:y. Neither do 
 I prefume to interfere, in concluding truces and 
 treaties in the King's name. I a6l as commander 
 of the auxiliaries, and it is in this quality alone I 
 dare to treat. No mention mufl:, therefore, be 
 M 4 made
 
 [ »68 ] 
 
 terns, qu'elles avoient etc cedees comtne troupes 
 auxiliaires a la Ruflle. Cependant j*oferois ac- 
 cepter au nom de ce corps Tarticle 3, comme je 
 fuis fur, que rintention de S. M. Danoife n'eft 
 point de faire la guerre a la Suede, & fi le corps 
 auxiliaire devoit agir derechef hoftilement, j'en 
 avertirai volontiers 40. jours auparavant. 
 
 Je prendrai la route qu'il me conviendra : ce 
 feroit la premiere fois qu'on euc voulu fixer a une 
 armee viftorieufe, quel chemin elle doit prendre 
 pour rentrer dans fon pays, quand la province 
 limitrophe eft abfolument, & cela en vertu d'une 
 ceflion, entre fes mains. Si on m'avoit de- 
 mande amicablement, quelle route je prendrai, 
 j'aurois nomme le Svinefund ; mais je declare, 
 que je p<>rte la clef des pafTages au bout de mon 
 epee, & que je traiterai toute troupe, qui ofFri- 
 roit Ic moindre obftacle, hoftilement ; s'entend 
 dans le pays, qui m'a ete cede durant I'armiftice. 
 L'article 4. ne fauroit s'accorder, fans que par 
 reprrfuilles aucune perfonne d'une capacite mi- 
 litaire Suedoife ne pafle de la Suede en Danne- 
 marc ou Norvege fans les memes precautions, ce 
 qui pourroit, au lieu de retablir la bonne har- 
 monic entre les deux nations, augmenter bicn 
 pluiot la breche. 
 
 Article 5. Accorde. 
 
 Art. 6. II eft impoflible, que cet article refte 
 ainfi & d'ecrire des prifonniers de guerre de part 
 & d'autre, tandis que les Suedois n'en ont pas fait 
 un feul pendant les hoftilites, hormis ceux fur la 
 
 barque.
 
 [ 1% ] 
 
 made of any part of his Danifli Majefl:y*s forces, 
 without, at the fame time, alledging they have been 
 ceded as auxiliaries to Rullia. Neverthelefs, I 
 will venture to agree to the 3d article, in the name 
 of this corps ; being certain that his Danilh Ma- 
 jcfty intends not to go to war with Sweden. And 
 in cafe the auxiliary corps fhould again aft in an 
 hoftile way, I will readily give forty days previous 
 notice of it. 
 
 I Ihall choofe the road that will be moft conve- 
 nient to me. It were the firft time that a vidlo- 
 rious army Ihould be didated what road it mud 
 take in returning home again, when the frontier 
 provinces are abfolutely in its own hands, and 
 that by virtue of a ceffion ! Had I been afked in 
 an amicable way, which road I meant ro choofe ? I 
 fhould have named that of Svinefund ; bun I de- 
 clare I carry the key of the paffages at the point of 
 my fword, and that I will treat as an enemy every 
 troop that may offer me the leaft hindrance within 
 thofe parts ceded to me during the armifticc. 
 
 The 4th article cannot be granted, without re- 
 ciprocally infilling, by way of reprifals, that no 
 Swede of a military capacity (hall pafs from Sweden 
 to Denmark, or Norway, without the fame pre- 
 cautions i which fo far from re-eftablifhing a good 
 harmony between the two nations, would rather 
 widen the breach. 
 
 Art. 5. Agreed to. 
 
 Art. 6. This article cannot pofTibly fland 
 thus, and write of prifoners made on both fides^ 
 whilft the Swedes have not taken a fingle one 
 
 during
 
 [ 17^ J 
 
 barque, qui tranfportoit un courier. Tons les 
 autres font, non prifonniers de guerre, mais pri- 
 fonniers d'armiftice. Neanmoins je veux bien re- 
 lacher les prifonniers ; mais ils n'oleront fervir 
 contre les troupes de S. M. Imperiale, ni contre 
 celles de fes allies. 
 
 Art. 7. Le commerce & la navigation n'ont 
 point ete aretes ; ils continueront done a etre libres, 
 ainfi que les poftes, dont on n'a jamais trouble le 
 cours pendant les hoftilites. Comme la pofte Sue- 
 doife paffe librement par le Dannemarc, & la 
 Danoife par la Suede, en vertu des traites ante- 
 rieurs, il vaut mieux omettre encierement cet ar- 
 ticle. 
 
 Art. 8. De bien bon coeur. 
 
 Art. 9. Oui. 
 
 Pourl'article in fere je ne m'oblige a rien. 
 
 (Signe) Charles P. de Hesse, 
 
 No. XXX. 
 
 Lettre a Mr. Elliot, datee Uddewalla 2. Ncz\ 
 1788. 
 
 Vous n'ignorez point, que la declaration que 
 le Roi de Suede m'a fait remettre par Ion aide 
 de camp de Wrede, a ete imprimee & publiee 
 en Suedois. Qiielques exemplaires viennent dc 
 m'etre prefentes. Je Vous ai promis, Monfieur, 
 de ne point rcfientir des injures perfoncllcs, & 
 je Vous ticndrai parole avcc la bonne foi, qui, 
 
 j'ofc
 
 [ 171 ] 
 during the hoftillties ; if we except thofe of a boat 
 which brought over a courier. All the reft are 
 not prifoners of war, but prifoners of the truce ! 
 Neverthelefs, I am willing to releafe the prifoners ; 
 but they muft not ferve againft the troops of her 
 Imperial Majefty, nor her allies. 
 
 Art. 7th. The trade and navigation have not 
 been interrupted ; they, therefore, continue free as 
 well as the pofts, whofe courfe has never been dif- 
 turbed during the hoftilities. As the Swedilh poft 
 enjoys a free paffage through Denmark, and the 
 Danifli through Sweden, by virtue of anterior 
 compads, it will be better to 'leave that article 
 out. 
 
 Art. 8. With all my heart. 
 
 Art. 9. Yes. 
 
 To the article added, I engage nothing. 
 
 (Signed) Charles P. of Hesse.' 
 
 No. XXX. 
 
 Letier to Mr. Elliot, dated Uddewalla, Nov. id^ 
 1788. 
 
 It is not unknown to you, that the declaration 
 which the King of Sweden caufed to be delivered 
 me, by his Aid-de-camp Wrede, has been printed 
 and publifhed in the Swedifh language, fome co- 
 pies of which have juft been prefented to me. I 
 have given you. Sir, my promife not to refent any 
 perlonal injuries, and I will keep my word with 
 4 that
 
 t 172 3 
 
 3^*016 le dire, a caraflerife toutes mes a6tions^ 
 meine quand on ne J'a reciproque en aucune 
 maniere. Le corps de troupes que j'ai I'honneur 
 de commander, eft aufli leze dans cette declara- 
 tion, & j'ai balance fi je ne me porterois pas 
 d'abord fur la Giotha-Elf derechef, pour de- 
 mander une fatisfadion eclatante. Les ordres 
 pour retirer les poftes avances etant deja donnes, 
 j'ai prefere encore la moderation dans ce mo- 
 ment, ou j'aurois tout en main pour prendre moi- 
 meme la fatisfadion la plus jufte & naturelle. 
 Cependant j'ai du Vous demander une reponfe ca- 
 tegorique, Mr. fi la treve fubfifte encore, ou ^ 
 die eft rompue, comme je dois le juger par la 
 declaration de S. M. Suedoife ? Dans ce dernier 
 cas j'ofe efperer, qu'apres une aggreflion aufli 
 manifefte les cours mediatrices abandonneront aux 
 armes des deux partis les mefures a prendre entre 
 elles, tant pour la prife des quartiers d'hyver, 
 que pour tout ce qui pourra s'en fuivre ailleurs, 
 dont je protefte d'etre en aucune maniere caufe. 
 
 Je fuis, &c. 
 
 No. XXXI. 
 
 Declaration remife a Mr, Elliot pendant fan Jejour 
 a Uddewalla, 
 
 L-a convention d'armiftice du 18. Odobre du- 
 rant jufqu'au 13. Nov. il ne fera pas befoin de 
 faire une nouvelle pour le terns que le corps des 
 troupes auxiliaires rcftera en Suede, comme je 
 
 compte
 
 [ ^7S 1 
 
 that good faith which, I venture to fay, has cha-' 
 radterized all my actions, even when no ways re- 
 ciprocated. The corps of troops I have the ho- 
 nour to command is alfo wronged by this declara- 
 tion, and I have hefitated whether I fhould not 
 immediately return again over the Giotha-Elf, to 
 demand an honourable fatisfadtion : but orders for 
 removing the advanced pofls having been already 
 given, I have ftill preferred moderation, at a time 
 when I had every means in my hands to procure 
 myfelf a fatisfadlion equally juft and natural. 
 However, 1 thought it incumbent on me to afk 
 of you. Sir, a categorical anfwer, whether the 
 truce ftill fubfifts, or whether it be broken, as I 
 fhould fuppofe by his Swedilh Majefty's declara- 
 tion ? In this laft cafe, I dare hope, that, after 
 an aggreffion fo manifeft, the mediating Courts 
 will leave to both parties whatever meafures they 
 pleafe to take, both in choofing their winter- quar- 
 ters, and in whatever elfe may further enfue from 
 it, which, I proteft, can be no ways imputed to 
 me. I am, 6fc. 
 
 No. XXXI. 
 
 A Declaration delivered to Mr. Elliot, during his 
 ft ay at Uddewalla» 
 
 The armiftice-convention of O6tob. i8, lading 
 
 till Nov. i^, it will be needlefs to proceed to a 
 
 new one for the time the auxiliaries remain in 
 
 2 Sweden J
 
 t 174 ] 
 
 Compte que je ferai le meme jour rentre avec 
 tout en Norvege. II faudra feulement determiner 
 tout ce qui peuc concerner les malades qui ne 
 feroient pas tranfportables, & le peu de fauve- 
 gardes, pour que je ne fois pas dans le cas de 
 prendre des orages avcc moi des villes, ou je 
 laiflerai les premiers. Le pays, dont les frontieres 
 font decerminees par le dernier traite d*armiftice, 
 ne fauroit felon la parole de S. M. Suedoife, pas 
 etre occupe par fes troupes durant rarmiftice, que 
 je continuerai a tenir avec la derniere exadticude. 
 malgre les infraftions journalieres qui fe font du 
 cote oppofe. On arrete les foldats Norvegiens 
 qui pafTent la Giotha pour acheter quelque chofe, 
 encourages par les pay fans memes ; on les mene a 
 Gothenbourg ; & on me les offre enfuite fous la 
 denomination de prifonniers de guerre : meme des 
 foldats fur I'ifle neutre de Hiirino-ue ont ete tranf- 
 
 o 
 
 portes ainfi a Gothenbourg, & on les decore de ce 
 meme titre, tandis qu'on ne les fauroit nommer 
 que prifonniers d'armiftice, comme . aucun foldac 
 de mes troupes n*a ete pris durant les hoflilites. 
 On a conferve tous les poftes dans leWermeland 
 de ce cote du Glasfiol, contre le traite : I'huma- 
 nite feule ne m'a point permis de faire marcher 
 des troupes de ce cote pour deloger ces pay fans, 
 en brulant par quelques jets d'obufiers leurs abatis ^ 
 mais fachant que ma retraite etoit prochaine, je 
 n'ai pas voulu expofer inutilement du fang humain 
 a etre repandu, peut-etre des deux cotes. L*in- 
 fraftion eft cependant trop manifefte, pour pou- 
 voir la pafier fous filence.. 
 
 Comme
 
 [ '75 ] 
 Sweden, as I mean to be that very day re-entered 
 in Norway with my whole corps. It will only be 
 neceflary to determine on what concerns the fick, 
 who may not be tranfportable, and on fome few 
 fafe-guards, that I may have no occafion to take 
 any hoftages with me from the towns where I leave 
 the firft. The country, the frontiers of which 
 have been determined by the laft treaty of truce, 
 cannot, agreeably to his Swedifh Majefly's given 
 word, be occupied by his troops during the armif- 
 tice, which I fhall continue to obferve with the 
 utmoft exaftnefs, notwithftanding the daily in- 
 finuations made by the oppofite party. My Nor- 
 wegian foldiers, who were encouraged by the Swe- 
 difh peafants themfelves to pafs the Giotha to buy 
 fomething, are arrefted, condu(5led to Gothenburg, 
 and afterwards offt^red me, under the denomina- 
 tion of prifoners of war. Even foldiers, taken on 
 the neutral ifle of Hifllngen, have been thus fenc 
 to Gothenburg, decorated with the fame title, 
 though they cannot be called otherwife than truce- 
 captives, not one of my foldiers having been taken 
 in the time of hoftilities. All the polls in Werme- 
 land, on this fide Glasfiol, have been kept, con- 
 trary to the treaty. Humanity alone would not 
 permit me to order fome to this fide to diQodge 
 thofe peafants, and burn their wooden fences, by 
 the difcharge of a few howitzers : but, confidering 
 the proximity of my retreat, I would not ufelefsly 
 caufe the fpilling of human blood, poffibly on 
 both fides. The infradlion is, however, too ma- 
 nifefl: to pafs it over in filence. 
 
 His
 
 t 176 I 
 
 Comme S. M. Suedoife a bien voulu me falre 
 declarer, il y a qnelques jours, qu'Elle fe croyoit 
 en droit d'enfreindre la treve, fans qu'Elle fe foic 
 adreflee a Tarbitrage du miniflre plenipotentiaire 
 de S. M. Britannique, felon Tarticle 9 j je me 
 crois en droit de dire, que je ne me fie plus a rien 
 qu'a Dieu & aux braves troupes que j*ai I'honneur 
 de commander ; que je vais donner des ce moment 
 les ordres neceflalres pour commencer la retraite 
 de Parmee; mais que je regarderai comme une 
 lefion efFeflive & une aggreffion reelle, fi des trou- 
 pes Suedoifes paflant, contre les expreflions memes 
 du traite, la demarcation des frontieres, fe per- 
 mettoient de fuivre mon arriere-garde a quelque 
 diftance. Dans ce cas je ne balancerai point a 
 faire retrograder les curieux. 
 
 No. XXXII. 
 
 Projet d'une convention d*armijiice entre S. M. 
 Suedoife & les troupes fous les ordres de S. A. S, 
 k Prince de Hejfe, 
 
 I. 
 
 La treve entre les forces de terre & de mer de 
 S. M. Suedoife & celles fous les ordres du Prince 
 de Hefle, fera en vertu de la prefente prolongee 
 pour fix mois, a dater Pexpiration de celle qui 
 fubfifte aduellement. 
 
 II.
 
 t '77 3 
 His Swedifli Majefty having pleafed to declare 
 to me, a few days ago, that he believed himfelf 
 juftified to break the truce, without applying to 
 the arbitrage of his Britannick Majefty's Plenipo- 
 tentiary, in conformity to the 9th article, I think 
 I have alfo a right to fay, I truft: no longer to any- 
 thing but God, and the brave troops I have the 
 honour to command ; that, from this moment, I 
 Ihall give the neceffary orders to begin the removal 
 of the army. But here declare, I fhall take it as 
 an acflual offenfe, and real aggreffion, if Swedilh 
 troops, tranfgrefling the lines of the frontiers, con- 
 trary to the exprefs terms of the treaty, fhould 
 prefume to follow my rear at fome diftance ; in 
 which cafe, I fhall not hefitate to drive back the 
 pver-curious. 
 
 No. XXXII. 
 
 Plan of a Convention for an Armifiice between his 
 Swedifh Majefty and the 'Troops under the com* 
 mand of his Serene Highnefs the Prince of Hejfe. 
 
 J. 
 
 The truce between the forces of his Swedifli 
 Majefty, by land and by fea, and thofe under the 
 Prince of Hefle, fhall, by virtue of the prefenr, 
 be prolonged for fix months, to be dated from the 
 expiration of that now fubfifting, 
 
 N 11;
 
 [ ^78 ] 
 
 II. 
 
 Pendant toute la dnree de I'armiftice il ne Tc 
 commettra aucun afle d'hoftilite ou de voye de 
 fait, cie la part des forces de terre & de mer de 
 S. M. Danoile, fous le titre de forces auxiliaires, 
 centre les provinces Suedoifes ou, les fujets Sue- 
 dois ; & une reciprocite parfaite a cet egard fera 
 obiervee par les forces de terre 6c de mer du Roi 
 de Suede, pour les provinces & fujets apparte- 
 nants au Roi de Dannemarc. 
 
 III. 
 
 S. A. S. le Prince de HeiTe donnera les ordres 
 les plus ftridis, pour que pendant la duree de la 
 treve aucune perfonne d'une capacite militaire 
 Danoife ne paffe la frontiere de k Norvege, a 
 moins d'y etre autorifee par un paffeport de I'of- 
 ficier civil ou militaire, auquel S. M. Suedoife aura 
 confie I'exercice de fon autorite fur la frontiere^ 
 De meme le Roi de Suede donnera les ordres les 
 plus ftri(fls pour que pendant la duree de la treve 
 aucune perfonne d'une capacite militaire Suedoife 
 ne palTe la frontiere de la Suede pour aller en 
 Norvege, a moins d'y eire autorifee par un paffe- 
 port de I'officier civil ou militaire, auquel S. M. 
 Danoife aura confie I'exercice de fon autorite fur 
 la frontiere. 
 
 IV. 
 
 S. M. Suedoife agreera, que les malades qui 
 pouront refter en Suede apres la fortie de I'Armce 
 
 du
 
 [ 179 ] 
 
 II. 
 
 During the whole duration of the armiftice, no 
 adt of hoftility or aggrefllon fhall be committed, 
 on the part of his Danifli Majefty's land or lea 
 forces, under the tide of auxiliaries, againft any 
 of the Svvedifh provinces, or Swedifli fubjefts ; 
 and a perfeft reciprocity fhall alfo be oblerv^ed, in 
 this refped, by the fea or land forces of the King 
 of Sweden, with regard to the provinces and fub- 
 je^ts belonging to the King of Denmark. 
 
 III. 
 
 His Serene Highnefs the Prince of HefTe fhall 
 give drift orders, that no Danifh perfon of a mili- 
 tary capacity may pafs the frontiers of Norway 
 during the time of the truce, unlefs he be autho- 
 rifed by a paflfport from fome officer, civil or mi- 
 litary, to whom his Swedifh Majefty fliall have 
 entrufted the exercife of his power on the con- 
 fines. The King of Sweden fhall alio give his 
 moft flridl orders, that, fo long as the truce lafts,. 
 no Swedifh perfon of a military capacity fliall 
 pafs the frontiers of Sweden to go to Norway, un- 
 lefs duely authorifed thereto by a pafTporr, figned 
 by an officer, either civil or military, charged with 
 his Danifh Majefty's executive power and autho* 
 rity on the frontiers. 
 
 IV. 
 
 His Swedifh Majefly agrees, that the fick, who 
 may happen to remain in Sweden after the depar- 
 
 N 2 ture
 
 [ i8o ] 
 
 du P. de Hefie, foyent traites avec tous les egards 
 dus a leur etat, & que quelques officiers foyent 
 nommes par le P. de HefTe, pour veiller fur tux 
 & diriger leur rnarche de retour en Norvege, des 
 qu*ils feront en etat d*y ecre tranfportes. 
 
 lis feront a mes fraix^ ainfi que les corvees qvCon 
 fourroit mander -pour eux, 
 
 V. 
 
 Tous les prifonniers feront relaches de part & 
 d'autre, aufTitoc que faire fe pourra. 
 
 Oui ', mais il ne ferviront dans cette guerre ni 
 centre S, M, Vlmperatrice de Rujfie, ni contre fes 
 allies, 
 
 VI. 
 
 Toute hoflilite ayant cefle entre les troupes dc 
 S. M. Suedoife & celles fous les ordres du P. de 
 HefTe, & la tranquillite ecant ainfi retablie par 
 mer & par terre, les deux Royaumes de Suede & 
 de Dannemarc feront cenfes etre dans la plus pro- 
 fonde paix tout le terns que durera cette treve ; 
 Sc en cas qu'aucune des deux hautes parties con- 
 tradlantes eut a I'avenir I'intention de recommencer 
 les hoftilites a la fin de cette treve, elle feroit te- 
 nue de donner un avertiffement de 40 jours 
 d*avancei 
 
 vir. 
 
 Cet armiftice dans tous les points fera garanti 
 par les cours de Berlin & de Londres. 
 
 Fait a Udevalla le 5 Nov. 1788, a 9: heures 
 du Soir, 
 
 y accept c
 
 t i«i 1 
 
 ture of the Prince of Hefle's army, fhall be 
 treated with all the care due to their circum- 
 ftances -, and that feme officers be appointed by 
 the Prince of Heflfe to watch over them, and to. 
 dired: their march back to Norway, as foon as 
 they fhall be in a ftate to be conveyed there. 
 
 They Jhail he at my charge^ as well as thejlatute- 
 fervice that may be required for them. 
 
 V. 
 
 All the prifoners, on both fides, fhall be re- 
 leafed as loon as poflible. 
 
 Tes ; but they jhall not ferve^ during this war^ 
 neither againji her Majefly^ the Emprefs of RuJJia^ 
 nor againji her allies, 
 
 VI. 
 
 All hoflilities having ceafed between the troops 
 of his Swedifti Majefty, and thofe commanded by 
 the Prince of Hefle ; and publick tranquillity being 
 thus rellored by fea and land, the two kingdoms 
 of Sv/eden and Denmark fhall be deemed, as en- 
 joying the mofl profound peace all the time this 
 truce lafts -, and in cafe either of the two high 
 contrafting powers Hiould hereafter intend to be- 
 gin new hoflilities at the expiration of this truce, 
 it fhall be obliged to give the other forty days pre- 
 vious notice thereof. 
 
 VII. 
 This armiflice fliall be guaranteed, in all its 
 points, by the Courts of Berlin and London. 
 
 Done at Uddewalla, the 5th of November, 
 1785, at nine o'clock in the evening, 
 
 3 / accept
 
 [ 1S2 ] 
 
 y*accepte cet armijiice fous la haute garantie des 
 cours mediatrices^ en qualite de chef des troupes auxi* 
 liaires cedees par S. M. Danoife a la difpofition de 
 S. M» I'Jmperatrice de tcutes les Rujftes, 
 
 Charles P. de Hesse. 
 
 No. XXXIII. 
 
 Note remife a M. Elliot, 
 
 Les circonftances prefentes m'obligent, en me 
 retirant d'ici, de prendre des Nantiffemens des 
 Villes pour le pavement des bateaux qui ont etc 
 pris pendant I'armiftice, et dent M. Elliot, En- 
 voye-extraordinaire & Minlftre-plenipotentiaire de 
 S. M. Britannique, arbitre & garaut, a decide 
 qu'ils dev'oient nous etre rendus. S. M. Sucdoife 
 s'etant en conformiEe de cet arbitrage decide a 
 rendre les captures faites, hormis les canons cedes 
 a S. M. par S. A. R. iVIgr. le Prince-Royal, ou 
 bien a payer la valeur de i'hopital felon une eva- 
 luation equitable, je vous adrefle, Monfieur, les 
 calculs que le commiflariat vient de me remettre 
 de tous les prix des chofes enlevees, & ce que je 
 me vols ainfi oblige de reclamer. En attendant 
 je ne ferai aucun ufage de I'obligation que je mc 
 fais donncr par les villes, pendant deux mois> 
 pour que les fommes qui refteroient a payer par 
 S. M. Suedoife, puifient etre reglees dans cet in^ 
 /J. tervalle.
 
 r 183 ] 
 
 / accept this armiftice, under the high guarantee 
 cf the mediating Courts, in quality of Commander in 
 Chief of the auxiliary troops, ceded by his T>anifh 
 Majejly, to the difpofal of her Majejly the Emprefs 
 of Rujfia, 
 
 Charles P. of Hesse. 
 
 No. xxxiir. 
 
 N^ote, delivered to Mr, Elliots 
 
 In withdrawing from hence, the prefent circum- 
 ftances oblige me to take fecurities from the towns, 
 for the payment of the boats captured during the 
 armiftice ; which Mr. Elliot, Envoy-extraordinary, 
 and Minifter-plenipotentiary from his Britannick 
 Majefty, arbitrator and guarantee, has decided 
 (hould be reftored. His Swedifh Majefty having 
 agreed, conformably to this arbitration, to reftore 
 the captures, except the cannons ceded to his 
 Majefty by his Royal Highnefs the Crown-Prince ; 
 or elfe to pay the value of the field-hofpital, ac- 
 cording to an equitable valuation ; I herewith con- 
 vey to you. Sir, the calculations delivered to me by 
 the CommifTary, of all the prices of the things 
 that have been taken, and which I fee myielf 
 obliged thus to claim. In the mean time, I fliall 
 for the fpacc of two months make no ufe of the 
 bond, I have caufed to be given me by the towns, 
 that the fums which might remain to be paid by 
 his Swedifli Majefty, may b^ fettled in that inter- 
 val.
 
 [ 184 ] 
 
 rervalle. Jc propofe M. Erikine, Conful dc S. 
 M. Britannique pour recevoir en mon nom tout cq 
 queS. M. Suedoife fera rend re, qu'il voudra bien 
 faire embarquer & envoyer a Friderichfiadt, apres 
 ravoir fait afflirer. Tout ce qui fera rendu, fera 
 d'abord decompte de la fpmme de I'obligation, & 
 le refte fera alors paye, ou bien par M. Erfkine 
 pour le compte de S, M. Suedoife, ou bien je me 
 payerai moi-meme par le moyen de cette obliga- 
 tion, liberant du refte les villes ou la ville d'Ude- 
 valla incelTamment. Je crois de mon devoir de 
 prendre a prefent moi meme mes fecuritcs, comme 
 elles ceffent du moment, que je fors avec les 
 troupes du pays. 
 
 J'ai demande a la Ville d'Udevalla 50 mille ecu$ 
 cfpeces, dont la ville de Wennerfbourg bonifiera 
 8 mille. Toute cette affaire fera finie fans aucunq 
 incommodite de la part des villes, des que S. M. 
 Suedoife aura donne les ordres necelTaires pour la 
 terminer, & je ferai enchante de voir renaitre la 
 confdlarion dans Tame de ces bonnes gens, qui 
 ont d'autant moins a craindre pour leur bien, qu'il 
 fe trouve a prefent entierement entre les mains d\\ 
 Roi leur maitre. 
 
 Au quartier-gcneral a Udevalla ce 4 Noyerri>- 
 bre, J78S. 
 
 Le
 
 [ i85 1 
 val. I propofe Mr. Erfkine, his Brltannick Ma- 
 jefty*s Conful, to receive in my name, all that his 
 Swedifli Majefty (hall order to be returned, which 
 he will fhip off and fend to Friderichftadt, after 
 having infured the value. Whatever be returned, 
 Ihall be immediately deduced from the amount of 
 the bond, and the remainder fhall be paid, either 
 by Mr. Erfkine for the King of Sweden's account, 
 or I will pay myfelf by means of this bond, and 
 acquit the towns, or the city of Uddevvalla, for the 
 reft without delay. I think it my duty now to 
 take my fecurities myfelf, as they ceafe from the 
 moment I quit the country with the army. 
 
 My demand upon the city of Uddewalla has 
 been to the amount of fifty thoufand crowns in 
 fpecie, of which the city of Wennerfburg takes 
 eight thoufand on itfelf. This whole affair will 
 be finifhed, without the leafl inconvenience to the 
 cities, as foon as his Swedifh Majefty fhall give the 
 neceffary orders for terminating it ; and it will give 
 me infinite pleafure, to fee confolation revived in 
 the minds of thofe good people, who have the lefs 
 to fear for their welfare, being now entirely in the 
 hands of the King their mafter. 
 
 From head-quarters at Uddewalla, Nov, 4, 
 1788. 
 
 the
 
 [ tS6 ] 
 
 Le Roi de Suede ayant fait payer depuis & dans 
 le courant du nois de Mars dernier la fonime de 
 42,443 ecus, pour la valeur des batimens enleves 
 pendant la treve, Tobligation de la ville d'Ude- 
 valla a ete rendue a cette ville & les ordres necef- 
 faires ont ete en memC terns donnes pour le ren- 
 voy des otages.
 
 [ i87 ] 
 
 The King of Sweden having fince, in the month 
 of March, caufed the fum of 42,443 crowns, to 
 be paid for the value of the vefTels captured during 
 the armiftice ; the bond has been returned to the 
 city of Uddewalla, and the neceffary orders at the- 
 fame time given, for fending back the hollages. 
 
 FINIS.
 
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