fisftitrtm Anil <Bnglish 
 
 LEXICON 
 
 OF 
 
 THE OLD TESTAMENT 
 
 INCLUDING THE 
 
 BIBZiICAIj CHAZiDEE 
 
 FROM THE GERMAN WORKS OF PROF. W. GESENIUS. 
 
 BY JOSIAH W. GIBBS, A.M. 
 
 ,1 ^ . I ' j *i I 
 
 ANDOVER: 
 
 PRINTED AT THE CODMAN PRESS BY FLAOG AND GOULD. 
 1824. 
 
1,1 iJr 
 
 {Ir 2 7 
 
 a^i^ttict of ^aitf^acl)u;8?ett;0f, to wit : 
 
 '. S. DISTRICT clerk's OFFICE. 
 
 BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the first day of January, A. d. 1824, in the forty eighth 
 ear of the Independence of the United States of America, Josiah W. Gibbs, of the said 
 istrict, has deposited in this office the title of a book the right whereof he claims as 
 LUthor in the words following, to wit " A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old 
 'estament, including the Biblical Chaldee, from the German Works of Prof. W. Ge- 
 snius. By Josiah W. Gibbs, A. M." In conformity to the Act of the Congress of the 
 United States, entitled,, ^'. An Act fo^ the encouragement of Learning, by securing the 
 opies of Maps, Charts, a)id.*Books,to-_the;a)ii:Hofs and proprietors of such copies, during 
 lie times therin mentioned :" and also to an Act entitled, " An Act supplementary to 
 n Act, entitled, AnAct for the'eijcpyagemGnti)f Learning, by securing the copies of 
 Taps, Charts, and j^ksj .t^ ilie". attttioFs and'/prpprietors of such copies during the 
 imes therein mentioned ; and extending' thV Benefits thereof to the arts of Designing, 
 Ingraving and Etching historical and other Prints." JOHN W. DAVIS, 
 
 Clerk of the, Dist. of Massachusetts. 
 
^mi^A!^ 
 
 
 X HE increasing attention to the study of the Hebrew language in this 
 country, the dissatisfaction and discouragement which many experience 
 from the imperfect helps that they possess, and the great improvements 
 lately made by Gesenius in Hebrew philology, seem to demand that his 
 works should be made accessible to all that pursue this important branch ol 
 sacred learning. 
 
 The results of Gesenius' laborious and successful investigations, so far as 
 the grammar of the Hebrew language is concerned, have already been giv- 
 en to the public by Prof Stuart in his invaluable work on that subject, and 
 have been received with general approbation. This has opened the way 
 for publishing in this country the results of Gesenius' original investigations 
 in Hebrew lexicography, in which he has adopted the same style of criti- 
 cism and the same principles of philology, as are found in his grammatical 
 works. The Lexicons here referred to are Hebrdisch-Deutsches HandwiJrter- 
 buck iiber die Schrifien des Alien Testaments mit Einschluss der geographischen 
 JVahmen und der chalddischen Worter beym Daniel und Esra. Ausgearbeitet von 
 D. Wilhelm Gesenius^ ausserordentlichem Professor der Theologie zu Halle. 2 
 Theile. pp. 1344. 8vo. Leips. 1810-12. And Keues hebrdisch-deutsches Hand- 
 worterbuch ilber das AUe Testament mit Einschluss des bib'lischen Chaldaismus. 
 Ein Auszug aus dem grossern Werke in vielen Artikeln desseWen umgearbeitei 
 Tornehmlichfur Schulen. Von W. Gesenius^ u. s. w. pp. 920. Bvo. Leips. 1815. 
 
 It may be proper here to state the grounds of the preference which is 
 due to the lexicons of Gesenius. 
 
 The intrinsic value of a critical lexicon consists chiefly in the views oi 
 lexicography held by the author. The leading trait of Gesenius in this re- 
 spect is judgment. He makes a sober and temperate use of the various means 
 for determining the signification of a Hebrew word. His reasoning from 
 grammatical analogy, from the usage of the Hebrew language, from the 
 context, from the kindred dialects, and from the ancient versions, spon- 
 taneously commends itself to the understanding. It is not suflicient to say 
 that he rejects all mystical derivations. He has also avoided the error, 
 nearly as dangerous, into which some modern lexicographers have run, I 
 mean, their extravagant use of Arabic derivations, in disregard of the fact 
 that the Hebrew is a distinct dialect, and as such has jts peculiarities. But 
 although Gesenius has restricted himself in this particular, yet his accurate 
 knowledge of the Oriental languages, especially of their constructions and 
 inflections, sheds a constant and powerful light on Hebrew criticism. 
 
 <C O ^ v/ ?^ O 
 
IV PREFACE. 
 
 Much too depends on the arrangement of the various significations. Here 
 Gesenius has been very successful in seizing hold of the primary physical 
 acceptation of a word. This he has placed first, and the other significations 
 in the order, in which they might be supposed to be derived from the pri- 
 mary. Each signification and each construction is supported by pertinent 
 citations, which when attended with any peculiar difficulty, are written 
 out and accompanied with a literal translation. Such a view of the 
 different meanings of a word is the best commentary on all the passages 
 cited. Where the different significations of a root appear to have no logical 
 connexion, they are distinguished by Roman numerals ; in other cases only 
 by Arabic numerals. 
 
 Gesenius has introduced into his lexicons many things, which other 
 lexicographers either wholly or partially omit; as (l.) a full account of 
 the construction of verbs with different prepositions and particles. This is 
 the more necessary, as the Hebrews have no composite verbs, but vary the 
 signification of the verb, by means of the preposition following, as in other 
 languages by the preposition in composition. (2.) a full explanation of phra- 
 ses and idioms ; a very important part of a good lexicon. (3.) a notice of po- 
 etical words and inflections, with the corresponding prosaic expression. (4.) 
 a notice of the peculiarities of the more modem Hebrew, in distinction from 
 the more ancient. (5.) an account of those words which are defective in 
 some of their forms, which are therefore borrowed from some other word, 
 like the anomalous^ verbs in Greek. Gesenius first attended to this class of 
 words in the Hebrew. 
 
 The alphabetical arrangement in Gesenius would alone give that lexicon 
 a superiority over every other. The etymological arrangement, or the ar- 
 rangement of words under their roots, was universally practised till Gesenius 
 in 1810, opened the new path. The etymological order is not found expe- 
 dient in the western languages, but has been adopted and retained in the He- 
 brew, on the false principle that all the words in that language are reducible 
 to triliteral roots. This principle has been supported by the adoption of 
 many hypothetical, refined, and far fetched derivations. These fanciful de- 
 rivations being given up, the number of verbal derivatives of all kinds, is 
 probably not greater in Hebrew than in many of the occidental languages. 
 Why then should we follow this order in Hebrew more than in the languages 
 with which we are familiar ? Why should we, to support this arrangement, 
 derive ^i^ father from nii^J to acquiesce ; HiJ brother from JlHiJ in the kindred 
 
 dialects to join together ; Di^. mother from dttij Arab. ^) to go before ; deriva- 
 tions, which we should reject with contempt, if proposed in any other lan- 
 guage. But these derivations are plausible compared with many others 
 which might be given. Some may not acquiesce in our view of this sub- 
 ject, but every one can see, that the etymological order supposes the student to 
 be already a proficient in the language, and of course, however true in prin- 
 ciple, it is not suited to a beginner. After all, every advantage of the ancient 
 
PREFACE. V 
 
 arrangement is secured in this edition by mentioning under each derivative 
 the root from which it springs, and under each root all the derivatives vi^hich 
 do not immediately follow in the order of the lexicon. 
 
 The preceding remarks apply to both lexicons of Gesenius. The small- 
 er work contains only the more important proper names of persons and pla- 
 ces, has fewer references under the more common words, has fewer passa- 
 ges written out, and omits some extended critical discussions. 
 
 The basis of the present work is the abridgment or smaller lexicon. But his 
 Thesaurus or larger work has been constantly consulted, and additions made 
 from it. Also some corrections have been made from his later philological 
 works, particularly his " Ausflihrliches grammatisch-kritisches Lehrgebaude 
 der hebraischen Sprache mit Vergleichung der verwandten Dialecte," publish- 
 ed in 1817, and his Commentary on Isaiah published in 1820-1. It is but 
 rarely that the translator has had occasion to differ from his author. In these 
 cases he has sometimes made an alteration conformably to his own views. 
 
 The present editor has, as he hopes, improved the work (l.) by men- 
 tioning under each noun which is found inflected in the O. T. the declension 
 to which it belongs, as given in Prof Stuart's Grammar.* (2.) by breaking 
 the articles into paragraphs, and making each signification of a word to com- 
 mence a new paragraph. A similar improvement has been made in the 
 British editions of Schleusner's Greek Lexicons. (3.) by correcting many er- 
 rors and oversights which have necessarily crept into a work of this kind. 
 
 J. W. G. 
 Andover, (Mass.) Jan. 1824. 
 
 * The declensions of nouns in the Lexicon were adapted to Prof. Stuart's Gram- 
 mar, with the exception that the declensions of feminines were, for the convenience of 
 reference, numbered X. XI. XII. XIII. instead of I. II. III. IV. Since the commence- 
 ment of the Lexicon, a new edition of the Grammar has appeared, in which the femi- 
 nine declensions are numbered as in this work, but the arrangementi of the example^ 
 under several of the declensions is somewhat varied. 
 
SVHIAC AND ABABXC A&FHABXSTS 
 
 COMPARED WITH THE HEBREW. 
 
 Final 
 
 Medial, Initial ^^^^'^ 
 
 ^priac mpljahtu 
 
 O lA 
 
 J >. 
 
 8 S- 
 
 ^ j 
 
 Z Z 
 
 t t 
 
 i,k 
 
 St? C5 
 
 r r 
 
 O* of 
 
 a 
 
 j 
 
 X 
 
 A 
 
 A 
 
 
 Elif 
 
 Be 
 
 Jim 
 
 ;Dal 
 o ^Dhal 
 
 He 
 
 Vau 
 
 Ze 
 
 Ha 
 
 
 ^ ^Kha 
 
 L jTa 
 lb \Tha 
 
 Ye 
 
 Kef 
 Lam 
 Mim 
 Nun 
 
 wanting 
 c iAin 
 b vGain 
 i Fe 
 io ) Tsad 
 a3 S Dhad 
 
 Kaf 
 
 Re 
 
 Sin 
 
 Shin 
 
 i ^Te 
 
 S* iThe 
 
 Final 
 
 Medial 
 
 Initial 
 
 Syriac 
 names. 
 
 \ \ 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 Olaph 
 
 uOvIi 
 
 ::i 
 
 ^ 
 
 Beth 
 
 v:^ 
 
 <^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 Gotnal 
 
 ? r 
 
 r 
 
 9 
 
 Dolath 
 
 01 Ol 
 
 C71. 
 
 CI 
 
 He 
 
 o a 
 
 a 
 
 O 
 
 Vau 
 
 1 \ 
 
 1. 
 
 1 
 
 Zain 
 
 UJJ, 
 
 JA 
 
 J^ 
 
 Heth 
 
 -* 
 
 l^ 
 
 i 
 
 Teth 
 
 ^ CiA 
 
 Jk 
 
 * 
 
 Yud 
 
 > :^ 
 
 n 
 
 D 
 
 Coph 
 
 ^^^i 
 
 ^. 
 
 b. 
 
 Lomad 
 
 >o>a 
 
 :^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 Mim 
 
 V ^ 
 
 J. 
 
 J 
 
 Nun 
 
 .m 
 
 m 
 
 ID 
 
 Semcath 
 
 ^i ^i. 
 
 :^ 
 
 :i* 
 
 Ee 
 
 tja 
 
 21 
 
 s 
 
 Pe 
 
 5 ^ 
 
 5 
 
 ^ 
 
 Tsode 
 
 cA 
 
 H 
 
 I) 
 
 Kuph 
 
 5 r 
 
 r 
 
 ^ 
 
 Rish 
 
 
 
 
 wanting 
 
 .jb. 
 
 JL 
 
 A 
 
 Shin 
 
 Z A 
 
 A 
 
 Z 
 
 Tau 
 
Britf Remarks on the Oriental Languages, 
 
 1 . The Chaldaic dialect has a very 
 close resemblance to the Syriac ; hence 
 they are both frequently referred to 
 under the common name of Aramean. 
 Its alphabetical character and mode of 
 writing are the same with the Hebrew. 
 Its conjugations are I. Peal (i. q. Heb. 
 Kal,) pass. Ithpeel ; II. Pael (i. q. Heb. 
 Piel,) pass. Ithpaal ; III. Aphel (i. q. 
 Heb. Hiphil.) 
 
 2. The Syriac vowels are ^Tye; viz. 
 
 Pethoho I _ or a. 
 
 Rebotso 
 Hebotso . 
 
 Q 
 
 Zekopho 
 
 A 
 
 Etsotso .-. 
 
 or 
 
 or 
 
 u. 
 
 The three first characters in the left 
 hand column are written either above 
 or below the line. The Syriac has no 
 sign for Dagesh nor for Sheva. The 
 linea occultans -^ is placed under a let- 
 ter to show that it is mute ; thus Zy^ 
 
 bath, (not barth,) a daughter. The oth- 
 er diacritical signs are of minor impor- 
 tance. The conjugations are I. Peal, 
 pass. Ethpeel ; II. Pael, pass. Ethpaal ; 
 III. Aphel. 
 
 3. The Arabic letters are arranged 
 in the table according to the order 
 of the Hebrew and Syriac alphabets. 
 The usual arrangement in Arabic gram- 
 mars and lexicons is different. It will 
 be seen by the table that several of 
 the letters in Hebrew (as 1, ti, etc.) 
 have two corresponding letters in A- 
 rabic. The Arabic vowels are only 
 three^ viz. 
 
 These vowels become long when 
 followed by a homogeneous quiescent. 
 When followed by any other quiescent, 
 
 they form diphthongs ; as^j lau. 
 
 The diacritical signs are 
 
 Jesm _iL or quiescent Sheva. 
 
 Teshdid _^ or Dagesh forte. 
 
 Hamza __ placed over Elif when 
 radical. 
 
 Wesla J^ placed over initial Elif, 
 showing that the word is joined in pro- 
 nunciation with the preceding 
 
 Medda _^ placed over Elif, as a 
 sign of prolongation. 
 
 Nunnation or double final vowels, 
 
 ^, showing that they are to 
 
 be pronounced an.^ en or in., on or un. 
 It occurs only in the Koran and in po- 
 etry. 
 
 The conjugations in Arabic are very 
 numerous, and numbered I. II. III. etc. 
 
 4. The Ethiopic is a branch of the 
 Arabic, has a distinct character, but is 
 quoted in this work in Hebrew letters. 
 
 5. The Samaritan is intermediate 
 between Hebrew and Aramean. It has 
 a peculiar character, but is here repre- 
 sented in Hebrew letters. 
 
 6. The Persian has manyArabic words 
 intermingled, but is not itself a kindred 
 dialect with the Hebrew. Yet many 
 Persian words are found in the Hebrew 
 written after the captivity, and some, as 
 it is now admitted by the learned, even 
 in ancient Hebrew. The Persians use 
 the Arabic alphabet with the addition 
 of J for p ; cs^ for ch as in church ; ^-^ 
 
 Fatha 
 Kesra 
 Dhamma 
 
 a, e. 
 
 e, 1. 
 
 o, u. 
 
 or 
 
 for g hard ; and k for zh. 
 
 7. Words relating to Egypt, or de- 
 noting usages or natural productions 
 brought from Egypt, are sometimes il- 
 lustrated from the Coptic language, 
 which is here expressed in Greek 
 characters. 
 
TABLE OF ABBREVIATIONS 
 
 7nade use of in this work. 
 
 
 I. In English. 
 
 liter. 
 
 hterally. 
 
 Absol. 
 
 absolutely, i. e. not followed 
 
 med.Vav having the middle radicalVa 
 
 
 by an object, 
 accusative. 
 
 m. masc. masculine. 
 
 accus. 
 
 INT. T. 
 
 New Testament. 
 
 adv. 
 
 adverb. 
 
 Niph. 
 
 Niphal. 
 
 Aph. 
 
 Aphel. 
 
 obsol. 
 
 obsolete. 
 
 Aqu. 
 
 Aquila, the author of aGreek 
 
 O. T. 
 
 Old Testament. 
 
 
 version. 
 
 Onk. 
 
 Onkelos, the author of a Ta 
 
 Aram. 
 
 Aramean, i. e. Syriac and 
 Chaldaic. 
 
 Pa. 
 
 gum on the pentateuch. 
 Pael. 
 
 art. 
 
 article or articles. 
 
 Pi. 
 
 Piel. 
 
 caus. 
 
 causative. 
 
 Po. 
 
 Poel. 
 
 collect. 
 
 collectively. 
 
 Pu. 
 
 Pual. 
 
 com.gen 
 
 [.common gender. 
 
 pass. 
 
 passive. 
 
 comp. 
 
 compare. 
 
 parag. 
 
 paragogic. 
 
 conj. 
 
 conjugation, also for conjunc- 
 tion. 
 
 prim, 
 prob. 
 
 primitive, 
 probably. 
 
 const. 
 
 construct state. 
 
 q.v. 
 
 which see. 
 
 C. V. 
 
 common English version. 
 
 recipr. 
 
 reciprocal. 
 
 dec. 
 
 declension. 
 
 reflex. 
 
 reflexive. 
 
 denom. 
 
 denominative. 
 
 Samar. 
 
 Samaritan. 
 
 deriv. 
 
 derivative. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 Septuagint. 
 
 e.g. 
 
 for example. 
 
 spec. 
 
 specifically. 
 
 emph. 
 
 emphatic state. 
 
 suff. 
 
 suffix or suffixes. 
 
 Ethiop. 
 
 Ethiopic. 
 
 Symm. 
 
 Symmachus, the author of 
 
 Ethpa. 
 
 Ethpaal. 
 
 
 Greek version. 
 
 Ethpe. 
 
 Ethpeel. 
 
 Syr. 
 
 Syriac. 
 
 f. fem. 
 
 feminine. 
 
 synon. 
 
 synonymous. 
 
 fut. 
 
 future. 
 
 subst.. 
 
 substantive. 
 
 Gr. 
 
 Prof Stuart's Grammar. 
 
 Targ. 
 
 Targum, that is, the Chalda: 
 
 Gr.Venet. A Greek version discovered 
 
 
 version of the O. T. 
 
 
 at Venice. 
 
 Theod. 
 
 Theodotion, the author of 
 
 Gr.anon. 
 
 The unknown author of a 
 
 
 Greek version. 
 
 
 Greek version. 
 
 trans. 
 
 transitive. 
 
 Heb. 
 
 Hebrew. 
 
 trop. 
 
 tropically or figuratively. 
 
 Hiph. 
 
 Hiphil. 
 
 Vulg. 
 
 the Latin vulgate. 
 
 Hithpa. 
 
 Hithpael. 
 Hithpoel. 
 
 = 
 
 (sign of equality,) the same a 
 
 Hithpo. 
 
 [] , 
 
 The figures in brackets sho 
 
 Hitbpol. 
 
 Hithpolel. 
 
 the chapter and verse in our con 
 
 Hithpal. 
 
 Hithnalel. 
 
 mon version, when they difff 
 
 Hithpalp.Hithpalpal. 
 Hoph. Hophal. 
 Hothpa. Hothpaal. 
 ibid. in the same place. 
 
 from the number in the Hebre^ 
 bible. When the difference is onl 
 one verse, as in many of thePsalm 
 no notice is taken of it. 
 
 i. e. 
 
 that is. 
 
 
 II. In Hebrew. 
 
 i. q. 
 
 imper. 
 
 infin. 
 
 the same as. 
 
 imperative. 
 
 infinitive. 
 
 b ^ 
 
 iibs (aliquis) any one, in th 
 account of general phrases. 
 
 intrans. 
 
 intransitive. 
 
 i^l '1^1:^1 (et completio) and s 
 
 Ithpe. 
 
 Ithpeel. 
 
 
 forth, an abbreviation commc 
 
 Ithpa. 
 
 Ithpaal. 
 
 
 in Rabbinical writings. 
 
HEBREW LEXICON, 
 
 1^ 
 
 ^^, the first letter of the alphabet, 
 called in Hebrew f\'^ii Aleph. 
 
 The name V\bii is a Segolate 
 noun, synonymous with V\bi^ ox^bull. 
 (Comp. ^l bl3> ) So Plutarch, 
 speakings of to akcfa, says : dca to 
 0ohiiiag ovTco xaXeJv top ^ovv. 
 Quaest. Sympos. ix. 2. The letter 
 is so called probably with reference 
 to its orififinal form. Several forms 
 of this letter, as found on Hebrew 
 coins, are given in Stuart's Hebrew 
 Gram. p. 27. The last of these < , 
 particularly when inverted y, is a 
 rude representation of a bulVs head 
 with horns ; and from it were evi- 
 dently derived the Greek and Lat- 
 in A. If the Chaldee or common 
 square form of this letter were the 
 more ancient, then we might, as 
 Simonis and others have done, com- 
 pare i< and H the character which 
 stands for taurus in the zodiac. 
 
 The force of i< as a consonant, 
 probably consisted, like the spiritus 
 Jenis (') of the Greeks, in a gentle 
 emission of the breath from the 
 throat, or rather lungs, and dif- 
 fered from n, or the spiritus asper 
 f), in being more smooth. But its 
 sound is generally neglected by us 
 in reading, and no more heard than 
 the French h in habit^ homme. In the 
 middle of a word, however, it has 
 a sensible pflfect in dividing: sylla- 
 bles ; e. g. ';^5<^;1 yish al^ not yi-shal. 
 
 The force of i< as a vowel^ or, in 
 ther words, its quiescence with pre- 
 
 j^ 
 
 ceding vowel points, will be found 
 explained Gram. 47. But in He- 
 brew, it is more commonly a con- 
 sonant, and quiesces more rarely 
 than 1 or "*. 
 
 Where has neither the force of 
 a consonant, nor of a vowel, it is 
 said to be in otio, and is then abso- 
 lutely destitute of sound ; e. g. in 
 itpn. See Gr. 23. 5. note. 
 
 The interchange of N with the kin- 
 dred sound Tl occurs, sometimes in 
 Hebrew itself, but much more fre- 
 quently in a comparison of cognate 
 dialects; e.g. ^''N and ^"^Sl how? "ji^ij 
 Jer. 52: 15 for ''iiiz'n multitude ; ^rt 
 (whence -Jl) Arab, b^ the article; 
 etc. Also, as the second radical, in 
 J1N3 and Jlln3 to be fainthearted^ de- 
 sponding ; HNb and I^Hh to be weari- 
 ed, exhausted. 
 
 j{ is commuted for the guttural St. 
 This is seen particularly in a com- 
 parison of Hebrew words with 
 Aramean. E. g. DiiJ and D5I^ to be 
 sad; l^N and 1?!^ (both arelfound 
 also in Ethiop.) to turn back, to go 
 round; 'r^^y Chald. r[^.Nt to fit; 
 
 ^^^J{ Syr. Ih-^^^^ verdure, foliage. 
 As the second rad. in ^j^n Chald. 
 V:^"a to pollute ; 25|in and Syn to ab- 
 hor. As the third rad. in j<?32; Chald. 
 
 T T 
 
 if/2.n to drink, to swallow ; DNns in 
 a moment, suddenly, from "nc ;' etc. 
 As a middle radical, iX is exchang- 
 ed with ? and '', especially in rela- 
 tion to the Aramean ; e. g. &5<'i and 
 D'^n buffd-o ; DNn Zech. 1 1: 1 Q ' i. q. 
 
DK 
 
 Di^ 
 
 d^^ to be high; t:Nb i. q. t3^b to cov- 
 er. Its commutation with ''j as the 
 first rad. takes place more rarely, 
 as W^ii and Q\23'^ to be desolated. 
 
 The Hebrevvs sometimes omit J^ 
 in the beginning" of words ; e. g. 
 nin^wN, ^m we ; 'n'iJN: in later Heb. 
 *^ zi)ho ; nnx and in (Ezek. 33: 30) 
 one; d^'^.nDn JEcc. 4:14 for d''"l^D^tl^^. 
 
 They also frequently employ a 
 prosthetic N. See the articles 
 
 Particularly does this happen, when 
 two consonants, without an inter- 
 veninff vowel, commence a word, 
 (in which case i< becomes i^ or J^,) 
 as yi-iT, ^'i->U^. arm ; '^^m^ ^^ilzn^ 
 yesterday ; ^S'iJij} cluster of grapes^ 
 Aram, bi^p ' in which cases both 
 forms now exist. Here belong also 
 ^!^^D^{ (for ni'^s) young birds; 
 ;^in^i^. (for ^^^s^) fist ; ]2m (for 
 l^n) gft ; iT::.*^ (for dT3) deceiffd. 
 Comp. in Greek ydig and iyOig yes- 
 terday; and in the transition of Latin 
 words into French, spiritus^ esprit ; 
 status^ etat. In imitation of the Syr- 
 iac, i>} is put before"^ in I'lij'^^ iChr. 
 2: 13 for ''Ui'^ /e55e. This perhaps 
 made no difference in the pronun- 
 ciation, for it is not improbable that 
 the Hebrews, in some cases, pro- 
 nounced "] and "^i^ alike. See C. B. 
 Michaelis' Lum. Syr. 8. Verbals 
 derived from Hiphil, (or Chald. A- 
 phel,) which sometimes begin with 
 ^?, as e. g. rr'lS'ji^, ought carefully 
 to be distinguished from examples 
 like those given above, where the 
 &{ is merely prosthetic. 
 
 1. D5^ m. prim, irreg. const, and be- 
 fore grave sulT. ":2^5, with light suff. 
 
 ^nw\. ^"'njj, "J-^nj^, Tin^N and ^Jl^lN, 
 M^nj?, az-^nii; Plur. m*nw\, const, 
 and before suff. niiiN. 
 
 1. /ai/ier, properly so called; freq. 
 
 2. grandfather, forefather^ ances- 
 tor. Gen. 28: 13. 1 K. 15: 11 and 
 ./?.9rt did that which pleased Jehovah^ 
 like David his father. 1 Chr. 2: 45. 
 
 Fig. Gen. 4: 20, 21 toen-b3 ''SN 
 '2^'^y'] 'nisS the father of all that play 
 on the harp and cornet^ i. e. the in- 
 ventor of these instruments. Plur. 
 T\^:i^ forefathers ; freq. 
 
 Sj maker^ creator. Job 38: 28 
 dJt 1t273b '^I'.ln has the rain a father 
 other than me ? (Parall. Who but 
 Jehovah begets the drops of the dew?) 
 In this sense, rather perhaps than in 
 that of benefactor oi^ men, it is appli- 
 ed to Jehovah, Is. 63: 16. 64: 7 Je- 
 hovah, thou art our father ; we are 
 the clay, and thou our potter. Deut. 
 32: 6. (Concerning Job 34: 36, see 
 nsj no. II.) 
 
 4. benefactor, guardian. Job 29: 
 16/ was a father to the poor. Ps. 
 68: 6. Among the epithets applied 
 to the expected Messiah is 1^ "^iJl 
 the eternal father of his people. Is. 9: 
 5. Eliakim, a principal officer at Je- 
 rusalem, is called a father to the in- 
 habitants of Jerusalem, Is. 22: 21. 
 David, in addressing Saul, says, my 
 
 father! 1 Sam. 24:12. The expres- 
 sion, however, may be taken literal- 
 ly, as Saul was his father-in-law. 
 
 5. a title of respect for prophets 
 and priests, even from kings. 2 K. 6: 
 21. 13: 14. (Hence in chap. 8: 9, 
 the king calls himself a son of the 
 prophet.) Judg. 17: 10 iijb ^b-n^.tl 
 "jtlbb^ be to me a father and priest'. 
 18: 19. The leading idea in these 
 instances, is that of teacher, partic- 
 ularly of one invested with divine 
 authority ; whence the frequent use 
 of the expression, my son ! my daugh- 
 ter ! in the poetical books, Prov. 4: 
 10, 20. 5: 1, 20. 6: 1, 3. 7: 1, 24. 
 Ps. 45: 11. Christian teachers and 
 priests have also borne similar titles; 
 e. g. abbot (Syr. N^i^), pope (Greek 
 nannag), father, etc. 
 
 6. father of the king is an orien- 
 tal expression to desio^nate a vizier, 
 or prime minister. Thus Gen. 45: 8 
 ri>'^_)b iN^ '2?5''ip'^T and he has made 
 me a father to Pharaoh, i. e. his 
 prime minister. So Haman is call- 
 ed d^mtQQQ narnQ of Artaxerxes, 
 Est. 13: d. Comp. 16: 11. 1 Mac. 
 
2N 3 TSii 
 
 11:32. 2Chr.2: 13. 4:16. The ^j, , ,ff ,3^,^ ^^^^^ ,,5j,. p,^. 
 
 viziers among the Arabians have a . - ^^^J^^fj^- -' 
 
 Similar title, viz. Atabeg ; see Ja- ) nft-J ^ t- n i 
 
 blonskiiOpusc.ed. Te Water. T. I. ^^^)' Chald. father, asm Heb. 
 
 p. 206. This is also the meaning ^^^' 2: 23. 5: 13. 
 
 of '^'^;2t^ fatfier of the king, ov of the 'Zii^ n, verbal from obs. nifij, dec. 
 
 land, Gen. 41: 43 ; if the ancient VIII. b. greenness, verdure. Job 8: 
 
 versions and Luther are correct. 12 iaf^i istl's? whilst it is yet green. 
 
 The prominent idea in this phrase, c^nt. 6: 11 bniJl "^^Jt the verdure of 
 
 \^ counsellor, which is allied to that ^^^ ^^^^ ^-- ^ according 
 
 oi teacher, to the Chaldee usa-e. 
 
 7. It IS used in a figurative sense, ^ 
 
 Job 17: 14 1^T\^ -"nM "^^i*")!; riH"*^^ ^>.9 suff. n22N. Chald./naV. Dan. 4: 
 
 / say to the grave, thou art my father, 9, 1 1 , 1 8. [4: 1 2, 1 4, 2 1 .] The Tar- 
 
 parall. to corruption, my mother, and gums use it for the Heb. ''^d. 
 
 my sister ; i. e. they are, as it were, j^^j^ ^ ^.^^t not found in the original 
 
 my nearest relatives. Comp. Ps. 88: scriptures. In Chaldee, Pa. nzj? 
 
 ^^- 1 ^'^ bring forth fruit. In Syriac, the 
 
 Note 1. In compound proper kindred aan fo 6/o5so/n. In Hebrew, 
 
 names the construct state is some- ^^ -^^ Kv?ib[c, it appears also to have 
 
 times SN, as in Cn-jnN, dljr^SJJ ; signified, to be green, to produce gen- 
 
 (once :)3NI. after the Chaldee form, eraliy. Deri v. a^^, n':ifi<. 
 
 as in h^y^^^ iSam. 25:18 Keth.) but vnn'-iv ' r 
 
 - - ' iXn^-iw m. proper name of an eu- 
 
 most frequently "^at^, as in 'it^'^nN, ^ . " u u i r a i 
 
 ^_ ^ "' '.' nuch or chamberlain of Ahasuerus. 
 
 ?]l:.7?;ii. Out of composition the g^j ^. ,o ^he name is probably 
 
 const, state is "q^t as given above, of Persian origin. Comp. Nn:i2,]m3, 
 
 except in Gen. 17*: 4, 5, where njj 1: 10. 2: 21. '' " '' * 
 
 is used in order to illustrate the ety- ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^., j ^^ ^^ ^ ^^ 
 
 mology of dnniN. Among these -- - 
 
 "^ ' ' ' " , fat'l; with b of the person, I Sam. 9: 3, 
 
 proper names are also some names \q ^^j^j^ j^^^^^ 22: 3. Job. 1 1: 20 
 
 of -women ; e. g. ^t2"nN 2 Sam. 3: ^^ ' . . ^ , , 
 
 , , ' ^.^ ".. "-.o fii^Sa 'I^N 01D refuge has failed 
 
 ^^^^-^rr . ^^ J-er.25:35. Ps^42:5 Job 
 
 Note ^.J. The femmine termmation 3Q. 2. Ezek. 7: 26 n-n'n nn&in 
 of the plural does not aflfect the gen- ^. ^ ^., ^^- ^ ,. "'i ", ,1 
 
 der, which is the same in both num. ^?P.l^ ^^?1 W^'^ ^^^ ^'^ *^" 
 bers. Such anomalies are frequent M^ ^^ priest, and wisdom the aged, 
 
 . .. , 1 J , , , n '"^ comp. Jer. 18: 18. 49: 7. Hence 
 
 m the kmdred dialects, e. g. }v 5 j^^^^!^ 32^ 28 niiT^; Hi^ ^15 a people 
 
 a shepherd, plur. ^ai^5 , and appear ^q,-^ 0/ cown^e/ or wwrfom,(nnj< is 
 to refer back to an early stage of participle in const, state, see Gr. 
 
 these languages, when the gender 144. note 2.) Jer. 4: 9 :2\ i:!^"* 
 
 was not distinguished so exactly by ^rf^j^^ (he heart, i. e. the understand- 
 
 the termination,as it was afterwards. -^ ;^ ^^^ ^-^^ ^/,^;; y^.; ^^rough 
 
 11. UliJj prob. verbal from naj<, dec. fear, consternation. Job 8: 13 
 
 II. a. wish, desire. Job 34:^6 "iJJ '^^.^^ ^^ ^^R^l ^^ f^ ^^^ 9f 
 
 ii'^i^ ina"* my wish is that Job may the profligate man fails, i.e. is frus- 
 
 be tHed" ' So the Chaldee and many trated. Ps. 9: 1 9. 1 1 2: 1 0. Prov. 1 0: 
 
 translators. Others, I will cause that, 28. Ps. 1: 6 nattn D^r^lJn ^-)4 <Ae 
 
 etc. making i35< equivalent to i^*'3N. designs of the ungodly shall come to 
 
 Others, e.g. Villg. Luther, with les's nought. Ezek. 12: 22 liTn-^S 15^ 
 
 propriety, my father ! (addressed to every prophecy faileth. 
 
 God.) , 2. to wander, go astray, si)oken of 
 
laK 
 
 4 
 
 tin] 
 
 cattle. Ps. 119: 176 1ij< 'n^ a stray 
 sheep. Comp. Jer. 50: 6. Ezek.34:4, 
 16. Hence also of persons, Is. 27: 13 
 inU^M V^Na D'^ninNn t/ie exiles in the 
 landofJJs Syria. (Farall. tr^a.) Deut. 
 26: 5 *l!3i< "^72 ^J^ a wandering Syrian. 
 
 3. to pem/t ; spoken of a har- 
 vest, Joel 1: 11. of a country, Ex. 
 10: 7. Jer. 9: 11. of houses, Am. 
 3:15. of men and animals, Job 4:11. 
 Judges 5: 31. Num. 17: 27 [12] 
 ^:n5N ID^S ^2^'2i^ we perish^ we all 
 perish. Hence it signifies to be de- 
 stroyed^ rooted out^ Deut. 7: 20. 
 8: 1 9. often with the addition 
 
 Vl^^ ^^1'^. ^^^^' 4: 26. 11: 17. 
 Josy 23: 13, 16. 
 
 4. Also simply to be unfortunate^ 
 unhappy., spoken of men ,- as Part. 
 'liK the unfortunate^ forsaken^ Job 
 29: 13. 31: 19. Prov. 31: 6. 
 
 Note 1. The future with Tseri 
 '"iJ^'^ is used at the end of a clause, 
 the fut. with Pattah n[n^i*' in the 
 beginning or middle; comp. Job 8* 
 13, with Ps. 9: 19. 
 
 Pi. 125^, fut. '12t<\ 1. caus. of 
 Kal no. 1. to lose., to cause to fail. 
 Ecc. 3: 6. 7: 7 Ji:n:;3 ib-nj?. nsN'^ 
 
 a bribe perverts (he understanding, 
 comp. Jer. 4:9. Construed with "ja, 
 Jer. 51: 55 
 
 2. caus, of Kal no. 2. to lead flocks 
 astray. Jer. 23: 1. 
 
 3. caus. of Kal no. 3. to ruin^ de- 
 stroy, kill. Est. 3: 9, 13. 2 K. 11: 
 1. 13:7. 19: 18. Num. 33: 52. Deut, 
 12: 2. ^Tin "nsN to destroy^ or waste 
 one'^s substance. Prov. 29: 3. 
 
 Note 2. 'n'i2w\ Svr. for Trl^NN, 
 Ezek. 28: 16.'"" " '"""' 
 
 Hiph. 'l^'iNlil i. q. Pi. but espe- 
 cially 1. caus. of Kal no. 1. Job 14: 
 19. Jer. 25: 10. 
 
 2. caus. of Kal no 3. to destroy 
 men, nations. Deut. 7: 10. 8: 20. 9: 
 3. Often followed by fcyn H'^'^'afrom 
 amidst the people., Lev. 23: 30. or by 
 C^^'^il ntin73 from under heaven^ 
 DeVt."7: 24? * 
 Note 3. M'l^Si^ Chald. for iTl">nNlN 
 1 pers. singi fut. Jer. 46: 8. 
 
 iHiSl, fat. ^55<v Chald. to perish^ as 
 
 in Heb. Jer. 1 0: 1 1 they shall perish. 
 
 Aph. 1i"l!l, fut. nnin> to de- 
 stroy., Dan. 2: 12, 24. perhaps also 
 to perish^ 2: 18. 
 
 Hoph. 12i!l to be destroyed. Dan. 
 7:11. 
 
 l!ll,S^ m. verbal from Hli^. ruin, de- 
 struction. Num. 24: 20, 24. 
 
 Note. The form of this noun is 
 that of the common participle, but 
 the signification is abstract, comp. 
 
 fl'in^i f. verbal from 'liN, dec. x. 
 1.' something lost. Ex. :Z2: 8. Lev. 
 5: 22, 23. 
 
 2. i. q. 'ji'liN the region of the 
 dead. Prov. 27: 20 Keth. 
 '!l'^^^i m. verbal from nilN. 
 
 1. destruction. Job 31: 12. 
 2 place of destruction, hence i.q. 
 
 b^i^i'iJ cidfj?-, the subterranean world, 
 the region of the dead. Job 26: 6. 
 28: 22. Prov. 15: 11. 
 
 ^I'^^ m. verbal from I^JJ. destruc- 
 tion. Est. 9: 5. 
 
 "J^D^ m. verbal from ^iit, dec. IL 
 "b.* id. Est. 8: 6. 
 
 ^ii^5, fut. 'n^^^\ preceded by a nega- 
 tive in every instance except Is. 1: 
 19. Job 39: 9. 
 
 1. i. q. Lat. volo ; followed by an 
 infinitive with and without \. Ex. 
 10: 27 dnV-i?^ 11^5$ ^- ^^ would not 
 let them ^g'o. ' Job 39: 9 D"^"}. n5i<5<''i^ 
 ^"12^ will the buffalo serve thee ? 
 Gen.'24:5, 8. Lev. 26: 21. Deut. 
 2: 30. 10: 10. 
 
 2. to consent^ obey ; used absolute- 
 ly, Is. 1: 19 tin57;a''iJn iintin oi< if ye 
 consent and obey. Prov. 1:10. with 
 a dative of the person, Ps. 81: 12. 
 (Parall. b^lT^-) Deut. 13:9. Prov. 
 1: 30. with an accus. of the thing, 
 Prov. 1: 25. 
 
 3. In the derivatives appear the 
 kindred ideas, to wish, (see IN no. 
 II.) <o desire, long for, (see riDi'i^S^j); 
 to want, need, (see 'ji'^^N). 
 
 Note. i<2nChald.for'rinNn,Prov. 
 1: 10. i<i2NArab. for^ni<, Is.28:12. 
 
nsx 
 
 n^^ m. found only Job 9: 26 ni':i{ 
 jiifij swift ships, or boats. The con- 
 nexion makes this rendering neces- 
 sary, but the rationale of it is at- 
 tended with some difficulty. The 
 usual solution is, naves desiderii 
 (from InlJ^) i. e. cum desiderio ad 
 portum properantes. Symm. vavol 
 cnevdovGaig. But this is too far- 
 fetched. A better explanation is 
 derived from the Arab. NiN reeds, 
 papyrus ; namely, boats made of pa- 
 pyrus, which were celebrated in an- 
 tiquity for their fast sailing, (see Is. 
 18: 2. Plin. N. H. vii. 57. xiii. 22. 
 Lucani Phars. iv. 136.) or from the 
 Ethiop. "^aJ^ a rapid stream, the poet 
 having, perhaps, before his eyes the 
 swift boats in the Tigris. The 
 reading {il'^N found in more than 40 
 MSS. ought probably to be pointed 
 Inl'^JJ hostility, and the phrase might 
 then be rendered naves praedatorice, 
 which agrees with the Syriac ver- 
 sion, and is not unsuitable to the 
 context. The common text also, 
 if pointed thus 113^, may have the 
 same signification, and the other 
 reading nl'^^ deserves attention as 
 a good gloss or scholium on the text. 
 
 *l3X interj. formed by an onomato- 
 poeia, wo ! alas ! found only Prov. 
 23: 29, where it is used substantive- 
 ly like ''ii* in the same verse. 
 
 O'lnj^ m. (Syr. for D^liN) verbal from 
 DiaM, dec. III. g. barn, stall, stable. 
 Is. I: 3. Job 39: 9. The ancient 
 versions generally render it crib ; 
 but the sense given above is sup- 
 ported by the connexion Prov. 14: 
 4 where no oxen are, the barn is emp- 
 ty ; but much produce is through the 
 strength of the ox ; also by the root 
 DiN q. V. and the other derivative 
 Dn3^l73. 
 
 nnn&5 or nPinj^ f. found only Ezek. 
 2li 20 [15^ i-^jn-nniJi probably 
 the threatening of the sword, i. e. the 
 threatening sword. The root n^N 
 
 then is i. q. Arab, pl^ or p^V^ 
 
 *i51 
 
 to threaten, censure, punish, whence 
 it may also be rendered sword of 
 punishment. According to others, 
 the destruction of the sword, i. e. the 
 destroyina: sword, making tliJ^ = 
 
 Arab, ^v (13?) which in Conj. x. 
 signifies to destroy. 
 D'^n'^DDNl. m. plur. (with prosth. fi, 
 see p. 2.) melons. Once Num. 11: 
 
 as in 
 
 5. In Arab. pT^i2.3 or p=^-^-^ 
 
 melon, from jjrlAi:^ to ripen ; 
 
 Greek ntnoiv from mnrcj to ripen. 
 The watermelon particularly, {Cu- 
 curbita Citrullus, Linn.) is at this 
 day cultivated on the l^anks of the 
 Nile, and serves the Egyptians for 
 food, drink, and medicine. See Has- 
 splquist's Voyages, p. 255. 
 
 )^y^P_ ^^,^.m. {father of strength, i.e. 
 strong,) proper name of one of Da- 
 vid's heroes, 2 Sam. 23: 31 ; which 
 is written bJ^'^ii^ (idem) 1 Chr. 
 
 11: 32. Comp. Arab. u-^Ac prceva- 
 luit. 
 
 '^^^ m. verbal from obs. i^fit. 
 
 1. ear of corn. Lev. 2: 14 'Ex. 9: 
 31 S'^l&tCi) !-iniy\p?l hordeum fait 
 in arista., ihe barley was in the ear. 
 
 2. n'^n^n 'dTn the month ofo-reen 
 corn, in later Heb. called 'JD"':, an- 
 swering to part of March and part 
 of April in our calendar, Ex. 13: 4. 
 23:15. Deut. 16: 1. 
 
 "^iTP^Nl m. {will of Jehovah) proper 
 name* of a king of Judah, son and 
 successor to Rehoboam. 2 Chr. 13: 
 20, 21. He is called also r:^niX 2 
 Chr. 11: 22. 13: 1. and d^lqjjf 1 K. 
 14: 31. 15: 1,7, 8. In 1 K. 14:31, 
 some MSS. and editions have !r;*i&<. 
 
 'Jl'^^ji^ verbal adj. from Ulii, (see 
 Ti'li^ no. 3.) dec. I. b. 
 
 'iT poor, needy. Deut. 1 5: 4, 7, 1 1 . 
 Ps. 72: 4 S071S of the poor, i. e. the 
 poor, see ^s. 
 
 2. unhappy, afflicted, distressed. 
 
'^nl^ 
 
 6 
 
 b:i^ 
 
 Frequently connected with '3i?, Ps. 
 
 40: 18 'JT'INI ''^^ ''i^.'l ^'^^ ^ ^^^ 
 afflicted and autressed. 70: 6. 86: 1. 
 109: %t. Like '^2^, it often includes 
 the idea of innocency, or of sutfer- 
 injj: unjustly, Am. 2: 6. (Parall. 
 pi'lli righteous.) It also relates, like 
 :37 rather to public than to person- 
 a; affliction. 
 riDI'DN:^ f. found only Ecc. 12: 5. Ac- 
 cordiiig to the Sept. Syr. Arab, and 
 Vulg. the caper., which, considered 
 as a stimulant to appetite and lust, 
 suits the connexion. We are not, 
 however, to understand by this 
 word the buds of the plant, which 
 are sometimes pickled, but the ber- 
 ries, which contain a sharp stimu- 
 lating seed, like pepper. Plin. N. 
 H. xiii. 44. In Rabbinic, n^DT^^nN 
 denotes small berries whether of the 
 caper., or of the myrtle, olive, etc. 
 It is prob. derived from niN no. 3. 
 to desire., having reference' to the 
 stimulating properties of the caper. 
 
 7N'^'^3Nl m. proper name of a de- 
 scendant of Joktan. Gen. 10:28. 1 
 Chr. 1:22. He and his brethren 
 probably represent in these passa- 
 ges different Arabian tribes ; but no 
 name has yet been discovered in 
 the Arabian writers, which clearly 
 corresponds to Abimael. 
 
 *npp'^DNl^ m. {father of the king., or 
 perhaps royal father.) 
 
 1. common title of the Philistine 
 kings, as Hs^'lS of the Egyptian. 
 Gen. 20: 2 ff.' 21: 22 ff 26: 1 ff. 
 Ps. 34: 1. So at the present day 
 among the Ethiopians the king is 
 called '^2 iN pater rex. Comp. SN 
 nos. 5. and 6. 
 
 2. proper name of a son of Gid- 
 eon. Judg. 8:31. 9: 1. 
 
 3. also of a chief priest, in the 
 time of David. 1 Chron. 18: 16. 
 
 "ID^DN! m. {father of light) proper 
 name of the general of Saul's ar- 
 mies. 1 Sam. 14: 50* More usual- 
 ly called ip.ln.wN. 
 
 1T5^. -^Nl m. {father of help, comp. 
 Germ. Adolf Jldolphus from atta 
 Jather., and holf help.,) proper name. 
 
 1. son of Gilead. Josh. 17: 2. By 
 a metonymy his posterity., Judg. 6: 
 34. 8: 2. The patronymic noun is 
 "im ^^^. ^^ Miezrite, Judg. 6:11, 
 24.' 8' 3!^.' From these are formed 
 by contraction ^75?'^i{ and '^^ti';''J5n 
 Num. 26: 30. ' ' ' ' 
 
 2. one of David's heroes. 2 Sam. 
 23:27. 1 Chr. 11: 28. 27: 12. 
 
 1 3^^ m. verbal adj. from obs. 'nit? no. 
 I. dec. 111. a. strong., mighty; but only 
 in the connexion pNn^'^.'n"'lN, np??^ 
 the mighty one of Israel., of .Jacob, 
 i. e. Jehovah. Gen. 49: 24. Is. 49:26. 
 1: 24. See Gr. 3. 3. and 162. 2. 
 
 I^Si^^ verbal adj. from obs. ^i^{, no. 
 l.'dec. 1. b. 
 
 1. strongs stout, robust. Hence 
 applied to men, valiant., and used 
 as a subst. a valiant man, a hero, 
 Judg. 5: 22. Lam. 1:15. Jer. 46: 
 15. is. 10:13. Ps. 76:6 ^\ ^^,^Z!^ the 
 stout-hearted. But as an epithetoQ 
 ornans it is also used by the poets 
 without a substantive following to 
 denote (1.) the bull, Ps. 22:13 ''^'^2*5 
 j'ijl the strong ones, i. e. the bulls, 
 ofBashan. 50: 13. 68: 31. Is. 34: 7. 
 (2.) the horse, only in Jer. 8: 16. 
 47:3. 50:11. See Gr. 3. 3. and 
 162: 2. 
 
 2. illustrious, chief, noble. Job 24: 
 22. 34: 20. Ps, 78: 25 Q'^,^^^ DtlV. 
 princely food, i. e. delicate, savoury 
 food, (comp. Judg. 5: 26.) 1 Sam. 
 21: 8 d"'5>nrT ^">2N the chief of the 
 shepherds. 
 
 3. with ^'^,stiffnecked. Is. 46: 12. 
 
 Comp. ib pTH. 
 
 TjlS^ prob. i. q. Arab. V^U (ir) to 
 entangle, involve. Hence Hithpa. 
 to involve or roll one''s self applied 
 to rising smoke, found only Is. 9: 
 17 I'J:^ n^N;; ^^^r^n"] ^^^y mount up 
 in columns of smoke. 
 
 '^y^f fut. b^N!! . \. to mourn, be in 
 
b'2iA 
 
 mourning. Hos. 10: 6. Am, 8: 8, etc. 
 It denotes the external marks of 
 sorrow, including also lamentation, 
 
 see ^SN. 
 
 2. to be or appear gloomy^ deso- 
 late, applied to inanimate nature. 
 Am. 1: 2 D^i^Sil niii: n^lN the pas- 
 tures of the shepherds are desolate. Is' 
 24: 4. 33: 9. 24: 7 UJi'^.'^n ^iJJ 
 
 'JA~Jl^^72N the new wine is wasted. 
 i~AT . ^ , , ' 
 
 <Ae wintstock is withered, 
 
 Hiph. >''nJl I- caus. of Kal no. 
 1. Ezek. 31:15. 
 
 2. caus. of Kal no. 2. Lam. 2: 8. 
 
 Hithpa. 1. i. q. Kal, with this dif- 
 ference that Kal occurs in poetry, 
 but this conj. in prose. It is con- 
 strued with ^i$ and J:^ of the person 
 or thing lamented. 1 Sam. 15; 35. 
 
 2 Sam. 13: 37. Ezek. 7: 12, 27. 
 
 2. to feign one'' s self a mourner. 2 
 Sam. 14: 2. 
 
 /DfiJ verbal adj. from ^nN, (with 
 Tseri impure,) dec. V. f. mourning, 
 gloomy^ desolate. Gen. 37: 35. Lam. 
 1: 4 niV^N ^i^'i: "'D'^T f^c way* <o 
 Zion are desolate. Ps. 35: 1 4 DN"^5.fi< 
 one mourning for his mother. Is. b 1 : 
 
 3 'Ji'sie -"^^wN the mourners of Zion. 
 The last syllable is written fully 
 in Arabic b''^i<; and also in Samar. 
 text Gen. 37: 35. 
 
 /J^ f. with Tseri impure, dec. V. f. 
 
 tioD Beth Maachah appears to place 
 it in the country east of Jordan and 
 below mt. Libanus. See n^y^a. Eu- 
 sebius also speaks of an '^SeXci in 
 Phenicia between Paneas and Da- 
 mascus. See Reland's Palpest. p. 
 5^24 ff. Josephus (Antiq. vii. 11.7.) 
 calls this place ' y46iXfAa)(^ta. Comp. 
 Luke 3: 1. J5?fA,M*V, Judith 4: 4, is 
 perhaps a corruption of Abelmaim. 
 
 3. D'^2">lJn b:3^< {place of acacia) 
 a place in the plains of Moab. 
 Numb. 33:49. It appears to be the 
 same which is called barely D'^t3**2J> 
 25: I. Mic. 6: 5. According to Jo- 
 sephus (Antiq. v. 1. I.) it was 60 
 stadia distant from the Jordan. 
 
 4. d'^^'^S V^.J< {place of vine- 
 yards) a village of the Ammonites. 
 Judg. 11:33. According to Euse- 
 bius it abounded in his time with 
 vineyards, and was six Roman miles 
 from Rabbalh-Ammon. 
 
 5. n^THT: b^ij {place of the dance) 
 the birthplace of Elisha, in the 
 tribe of Issachar, between Scytho- 
 polis and Neapolis. Judg. 7: 22. 1 
 Kings 4: 12. 19: 16. 
 
 6. &';^5273 ^5^ name of a thresh- 
 ing floor not fir from the Jordan, i. 
 q. D')'l273 b^Jt the mourning of the 
 Egyptians^ a^ explained Gen. 50: 11. 
 
 Note. b^N in these compositions 
 may be considered as in apposition, 
 
 Comp. Arab. ViXfreshgras^MJ ^'^^ '^''^- ^^^'^^^- P'^^^ 
 
 5 p / r Jr5^ m. verbal from blN, dec. VI. j. 
 
 abundleof grass; \^\] the name of 
 
 ''* tt '" * 
 certain villages j Syr. v;^^^ fresh 
 
 mournings lamentation. Est. 4: 3. 9: 
 22. Especially for a person de- 
 ceased, Gen. 27: 41. T^n;; bS5< the 
 mourning for an only son^ Am. 8: 10. 
 Jer. 6: 26. !: V^fift Jl^^ to institute 
 mourning for one deceased., Gen. 50: 
 10. Mic.*'l:8 nD5?"i ni:n3 ViMT and 
 
 grass, 
 
 1. as an appellative, prob. a 
 grassy plain. 1 Sam. 6: 18. 
 
 2. proper name of a city in the 
 north of Palestine, 2 Sam. 20: 18, 
 of considerable size, as it is called 
 in the next verse a mother in Israel. 
 To distinguish it from other cities 
 
 of the same name, it is called bi3fi< ? ^ ' 
 
 ^??'!^"ri"'2, 2 Sam. 20: 14, (t^here X^^?. conj, prim. i. q. Arab. \y l.ad- 
 is exegetical,) 15. 1 K. 15: 20. 2 vers, but, yet, nevertheless. Ezra 10; 
 K. 15: 29. and DVJ bi>X 2 Chr. 16: 13. Dan. 10: 7, 21. 2 Chr. 33: 17. 
 4, comp. 1 K. 15: 20'." ' The addi- Also as Lat. imo, nay rather, Gen. 
 
 17: 19. 
 
 1 make a mourning like the ostriches, 
 which are noted for their doleful 
 cry. 
 
33*^ 8 
 
 2. explet. indeed^ truly. Gen. 42: 
 21. 2 Sam. 14: 5. 
 
 ^?,fi< f. (m. only 1 Sam. 17: 40.) prim, 
 dec. VI. b. 
 
 1. stone. Gen. 31:46. Job 28: 2 
 one melts the stone, or ore., into cop- 
 per. Is. 30: SO nns "jaN hailstones ; 
 hence. Josh. 10: 11 mH'15 fi'^-ii?. 
 great hailstones^ i. q. T'^an ''p.laj} in 
 the succeeding verse. Comp. Ezek. 
 13: 11, 13. 
 
 2. by way of eminence, a precions 
 stone ; often with an addition "ji^t 
 n^J?-^, 1 K. 10:2, 11. but also by it- 
 sel^^Prov. 26: 8. Ex. 35: 33. 
 
 3. rock., fortress.^ in a metaphor- 
 ical sense. ^Gen. 49: 24 i^i^^jiD"^ ]SN 
 i. q. ^(St"^'^''. ^^'^the rock of Israel.^ 
 that IS, Jehovah. 
 
 4. "weight, which no doubt was 
 frequently, as with us, of stone. 
 Zech. 
 
 their infants, once Ex. I: 16 
 
 When ye deliver the Hebrew u'o- 
 mew, d')2nfijrT h^ iri''^'*?^ owe? see 
 hy the bathing vessel, whether it is 
 a son., then kill it ; but if it is a 
 daughter., then it may live., or, then 
 watch over the bathing vessel, if it is 
 a son, etc. According to these ex- 
 planations, Q'^DiJ^ may in both pas- 
 sages be the dual of "jiN = 15.i$ 
 stone, Others understand in tne 
 former passage the seat of the pot- 
 ter, and in the latter sellam mulieris 
 parturientis. So Kimchi,the Chaidee 
 and both the Arabic versions. In this 
 case D"]31i^ is perhaps from a sing. 
 n:^ij (root ^21 ) building, frame, 
 seat. No form, however, analogous 
 to this, is known. A greater knowl- 
 edge of ancient manners and cus- 
 toms is necessary to determine the 
 meaning of this word. 
 
 5: & n-^SiSrrr ]5i$ the weight t:3n&^ m. with prosth. i^, and Tseri 
 or mass of lead. 4: 10 ir^^sil )^i^, the - p^^,^^ (; g^^^^.^ ^^^^ .^.^^^^ ) ^^^ 
 
 plummet. Is. 34: 1 1 :irTb-"'?iN the 
 plummet of destruction. (Comp. as a 
 parallel in sense. Am. 7: 8.) l^i^ 
 Jii&itT two kinds of weights, (see Gr. 
 lb9. 2.) Deut. 25: 13. Prov. 20: 
 10, 23. 
 
 I. b. girdle of the priests, Ex 28: 4. 
 39:40. or of the raagistrates,ls.22;21. 
 
 5 o/ 
 In Arabic, t2.A..3 signifies a weaver; 
 
 and in Chald. '13S, i<'^2^D, Ji'lD^S^I 
 a s:irdle. 
 
 5 ^l^j-i'pi^i (stone of help^^vo^- m.H^ss / / .t r i- v.\ 
 
 -'^ , . f V. iJ-liA m. (father of h2;ht) proper 
 
 er name of a stone placed by Sam- " ~ V *^ , ^^1, ,, 
 
 uel between Mizpeh and Shen. 1 "^"'^ ^^^^he general of Saul's ar- 
 Sam 4-1 51 7- 12 '"'^* 1 Sam. 14: 51. 17:55,57. 20: 
 
 6. bm m('f'^''' V departure) ^^^ Sometimes -,?;iN. Sept. '^- 
 prop. name. 1 Sam. 20: 19. ""* / /5 
 
 "jnifi^., emph. M2Si5. Chald. stone, as in '^^^ ^' q- Arab, (j^^^f, to heap up. 
 Heb. Dan. 2V'34, 35. I" Hebrew, only in the derivatives 
 
 I l^i^N 2 K. ^: 12 Keth. for ^^'n^^ q. v. g/ ^s in'Chald. in fatten. Part. 
 
 See also the letter n. pass. 1 K. 5: 3. [4:23.] Prov. 15: 
 
 (D']D^i^ dual. 1. a potter'^s wheel, once . '* 
 'jer.'l8:3 the potter ln5N^?3 irf1p5> ^^"?/^^^. fern. plur. (with prosth. i^.) 
 D';3S^ln b^ was executing a work on blains, blisters, pustules. Ex. 9: 9,10. 
 
 the wheel. So the Chald. Syr, Vulg. 
 and Jerome in his Comment. To 
 render it the seat of the potter seems 
 less suitable. 
 
 2. perhaps a stone bathing trough 
 for newly dehvered women and p^*^ only in Niph. pii?. to wrestle 
 
 Comp. Chald. S-'S^'S to bubble, boil ; 
 Syr. fA j^Qiiii;.!;:) swellings, tumours; 
 
 and the kindred roots iiS'a no. II. 
 and i?n3. 
 
nnis* 
 
 i:^fc< 
 
 construed with D^. Gen. 32: 25, 26. 
 It is a denom. from p'2ii dust^ be- 
 cause in wrestling the^dust is put 
 in motion. So in Greek, iKxlam 
 from na}.7}, avynovtoo^iui from 'ao- 
 vig ; and in Chald. 'li'tbisritl to wres- 
 tle from t;^5 dust. 
 
 pDX m. prim. dec. IV. c. Jine diist^ 
 l\ich as is easily blown about, dif- 
 ferent from ^2i'. Is. 6: 24. Ezek. 
 26: 10. Ex. 9:. 
 
 Cant. 3: 6 b^in rij^SwN aromatic dust 
 or powder of the merchant. 
 
 I. 135^ <o 6f strong, stout, only in de- 
 
 II. i3ftj, Hiph. tojly, being a denom. 
 from nnist a wing. Job 39: 26. 
 
 1^^5, m. prob. prim. dec. VI. j. and 
 h^:3w\ (em. of -lii*, dec. X. (In Ar- 
 anQ."fi^-jSJ<t idem.) " 
 
 1. quill or ^arci feather of the 
 wing. Ezek. 17:3. Job 39: 13. (Is. 
 40: 31.?) 
 
 2. wing, pinion. Ps. 55: 7. 91:4. 
 Deut.32:ll. Is. 40:31. 
 
 "^ni^.^ ^' Abraham, the well known 
 progenitorof the Jews. In the book 
 of Genesis to chap. 17: 4, 5, he is 
 uniformly called C^lSN {father of 
 elevation, or high father) Sept."^- 
 Sgotfi ; but in this passage he re- 
 ceives the promise of a numerous 
 posterity and also the name Dil^n^, 
 Sept. '^Sgaccfi, which he bears 
 through the remainder of the sa- 
 cred volume. This name signifies 
 father of a multitude ; (comp. Arab. 
 
 pubA numerus copiosus ;) and the 
 sacred writer himself explains it by 
 fi'^ia li^tl iN father of a multitude 
 of nations. ti'rt'-\:ii^ iriVjsi God of 
 Mraham, i. e. Jehovah, 2 Chr. 30: 
 6. Ps. 47: 10. nninN 5;^T seed of 
 Mraham, i. e. the Israelites, Ps.l05: 
 6. Is. 41:8. 
 
 "^1-.^ Gen. 41:43. If the word be He- 
 brew, then it is 1 pers. fut. Hiph. for 
 2 
 
 ^^"^iN / will bow the knee, or have 
 men bow it ; or imper. (with Chald. 
 form, comp. Jer. 25: 3) for ^^itl 
 how the knee ; or, which is prefera- 
 ble, infin. abs. (with Chald. form) 
 used instead of the imper. Vulg. c/a- 
 mante prcecone, ut omnes coram eo 
 genu flecterent. But the word is 
 probably of Egyptian origin, and 
 perhaps so altered by the Hebrew 
 writer as to have an apparent sig- 
 nificancy in his own language. 
 (Comp. M^O If such is the fact, 
 it will be difficult to determine the 
 Egyptian word, since it may have a 
 different meaning from that which 
 the word presents in Hebrew. The 
 most plausible conjectures, howev- 
 er, are that of Pfeiffer, Copt, av (jea 
 inclinet se quisque, and that of De 
 Rossi, Copt, aire gat inclinare caput. 
 Luther renders it : this is thejather 
 of the country, namely "^^ father and 
 ^n i. q. Chald. ^"i rex, regnum. See 
 nti* no. 6. 
 
 DnDwV see cnnn.y. 
 
 Sl^tDDiSl m. {father of peace) proper 
 name' of the third son of David, fa- 
 mous for his insurrection against his 
 father. 2 Sam. xiii xviii. Sept. 
 
 A6eGGaX(xjfji. Syr. >oaN.aiO| . 
 
 Arab. |^V.;i'>j^|. 
 
 ^5*^. m. name of two kings of the A- 
 malekites, perhaps a common name 
 of all their kings. Comp. r)V.'3^:l^{, 
 n>'-iD. Num. 24:7. 1 Sam. 15:'','9, 
 20, 32. 
 
 n*^.^>?, f dec. X. The root -1^55 sig- 
 nifies in Chald. to bind together ; 
 and its derivatives, in Arabic, a 
 solid arch or edifice, from the bind- 
 ing together of its parts. See ffiN. 
 
 1. band^ tie, knot. Is. 58: 6 ni'i^Sj 
 TitniZ the bands of the yoke. 
 
 2. bunch, bundle. Ex. 12:22. 
 
 3. band or body of men. 2 Sam. 
 2: 25. Comp. p^n. 
 
 4. arch or -dauH of heaven. Am. 
 0:6. ' 
 
52X>i 
 
 10 
 
 n:ii 
 
 Tl^i^ m. prim. (Iq Syr. and Arab, n:*.) 
 nut. Once Cant. 6: 11. 
 
 *li^i^ ra. Prov. 30: 1. proper name of 
 a wise man, to whom the thirtieth 
 chapter of Proverbs is ascribed, 
 otherwise unknown. As an appel- 
 lative, i^1'):iJ{ in Syr. signifies, qui 
 studio sapientice se applicat ; wlience 
 it is possible that the name may be 
 significant and allegorical. Comp. 
 
 "Q"!^^. ^- dec. X. name of a small 
 coin. 'Once 1 Sam. 2; 36. Sept. oOo- 
 Xog, Vu\g, nummus. According to 
 the Jewish commentators, i. q. ini5, 
 see 11^5 no. II. 
 
 r}^^ m. dec. VI. j. found only Job 38: 
 
 isJS bu~''b^i< the drops of the dew. 
 Vulg. stilice roris. So most of the 
 ancient translators. The root b3w\ 
 in Arab. conj. II. signifies to collect 
 xtoaler^ whence others render this 
 phrase, the magazines or reservoirs 
 of the dew ; comp. verse 22. 
 
 u']*P^5< proper name of a village in 
 the country of Moab, in Eusebius 
 *^yalXet^^ 8 miles S. of Areopolis. 
 Probably the place which Josephus 
 (Antiq. xiv. 1. 4.) calls ^' Ay alia. 
 Once Is. 15:8. 
 
 u^^ a root not found in the Heb. SS. 
 but which probably signified 
 
 1. as in Arab, to burn^ be hot. 
 Deriv. )'V2:>i< no. I. 
 
 2. as in Arab, to become tepid or 
 corrupted^ as stagnant water. Deriv. 
 D:iN pool, 
 
 3. as in Chald. i. q. d^i? to suffer 
 pain.) to be sad. Deriv. D:^N sad. 
 
 L DM^ verbal adj. from obs.D^N no. 3. 
 dec. IV. c. mournful^ sad. Is. 19: 10 
 
 '*i;52 "^73:^N sad of spirit. 
 
 11* "^^^ m, verbal from obs. d^i< no.2. 
 const. d5i< ; Plur. tl">"3.}N;, const. 'mj^. 
 pond, pool, marsh. Is. 35: 7. 42: ib. 
 Ex. 7: 19. 8: 1. [5.] Ps. 107: 35. 
 
 I. pa^5^ m. verbal from obs, Q^N 
 no. i: boiling caldron. Job 41: 12T 
 [20.] 
 
 II. p^^i^ m. denom. from C3^? 
 marsh, by adding the adjective ter- 
 mination "ji; hterally growing in 
 marshes. 
 
 1. reed, rush. Is. 58:5. Concern- 
 ing Is. 9: 13. 19: 15, see ME3. 
 
 2. cord or rope, made of twisted 
 reeds. Job 40: 26. [41: 2.] Comp. 
 Greek G)^o7vog. 
 
 )^^ m. const, la^y; l^lur. l^^^^. bowl, 
 goblet. Cant. 7:3. Ex.24:6.'ls.22:24. 
 
 (In Arab. dJVj^ idem.) 
 
 u'^i/^fi;?. m. plur. (with prosth. n, see 
 p. 2.) dec. VIII. a. warlike hosts or 
 bands. Only Ezek. 12: 14. 17: 21. 
 38: 6, 9, 22. 39: 4. It corresponds 
 to Chald.* )q^^t, p|n, wing ; hence 
 literally wings' of an army, alee exer- 
 citus ; comp. D"'D33 Is. 8: 8. 
 
 "I^i5,fut. l':iiS!.\ to gather, collect a har- 
 vest. Deut" 28:39. Prov. 6:8. 10:5. 
 
 N'*)^N' f. emph. }<n^5i<. Chald. i. q. 
 Heb. n'na&< letter, epistle. Ezra 4: 8, 
 11 . 5: 6." * * 
 
 TH}^^ f. dec. XIII. h. letter, epistle. 
 Only in later Hebrew ; e.g. 2 Chr. 
 30:1,6. Est. 9: 26,29. Neh. 2: 7, 
 8, 9. 6: 5, 17, 19. The word is 
 most probably of Persian origin, 
 and kindred to the modern Pers. 
 
 (J^-\|J^5^->f to paint, write ; whence 
 
 ^\'^M .. . . 
 
 ftV.X,J) a writing. From it is deriv- 
 ed the Greek ay y agog a Persian 
 post or courier, who transmitted the 
 royal edicts and letters ; comp. 
 o / c / 
 
 Pers.^ f-^:^^ angariaiio,the forcible 
 
 requisitioit of public service by a cou^ 
 rier ; and see commentators on Mat. 
 6:41. 
 
 ?1115Nr m. (with prosth. N, see p. 2.) 
 dec.i.b./5^. Ex. 21: 18. Is.58: 4. So 
 Sept. and Vulg. in both passages, 
 and the Rabbins use the word in 
 this sense. 
 
Titi^ 
 
 11 
 
 ^11^ 
 
 r ^"l^^. m. dec. 11. b. found only Ez- 
 ra* 1:'*9 mnt 'Vt:1^^^, ;:^D5 golden, 
 silver basins. The derivation of 
 the word is doubtful. The Jewish 
 interpreters derive it from the 
 (ireek yMQxaV.og ; which word has 
 been adopted into Arabic, Sjriac, 
 and Rabbinic, but signifies a basket, 
 fruit basket, and not a basin. There 
 is, however, in the Shernitish lan- 
 guages no etymology which is more 
 plausible. 
 
 *^^ m. dec. I. a. vapour, mist, cloud. 
 Gen. 2: 6. Job 36: 27. (In Chald. 
 T^^; idem.) 
 
 niiwv see niiifr^. 
 
 -^1^ by metath. for '2^1 to faint^ 
 fail, found only in Hiph. infin. 
 n-^-jN^ for ninNtib, 1 Sam. 2: 33. 
 Comp. especially i)eut. 23: 65. 
 
 p J^ m. dec. 111. a. (with suff. and in 
 plur.written defectively '*2^^td':^^^) 
 master, lord, owner. Gen. "24:9, 1 2, 14 
 flf. 45: 8 in^2-V:)b lilN lord over his 
 
 T : I T 
 
 his whole house. 1 K. 16: 24 '^2ii< 
 JinX3'IJ ^Hn owner of the hill Sama- 
 ria. "(Concerning the plural, see be- 
 low.) Josh. 3:11,13 y*\i<Ji-bD 1i'^^t' 
 lord of the whole earth. Also with- 
 out addition used of Jehovah by way 
 of eminence, Ps. 114:7. "'inN my 
 lord, a polite and respectful address 
 employed by the Hebrews in con- 
 versing with a superior ; also with 
 a father. Gen. 31: 35. a brother, 
 Num. 12: 11. a royal consort, 1 K. 
 1:17, 13. my lord is then substitut- 
 ed for the pronoun of the second 
 person, thou ; as thy servant, thy 
 handmaid, for the first person, / ; 
 Gen. 33: 8, 13, 14, 15. 44: 7, 9, 
 19 ''^"J?? '^P ''2'TNf my lord asked 
 his servants, i. e. thou askedst us. 
 Yet more servile is the application 
 of my lord to an absent person ; 
 Gen. 32: 4. The wife calls the 
 husband her lord. Gen. 18: 12. 
 Comp. Judg. 1 9:26, 27. and art. H'S. 
 Plur. n'':ii<_lords, Is. 26: 13, (with 
 a j[)lural verb.) In the same sense 
 
 with the sutr. , 'Si^} my lords, 
 Gen. 19: 2, 18. Elsewhere is D^:/iN, 
 jlJ^ (and with the other suff. T^v!, 
 *?%, d5."^_, etc.) uniformly pluraiig 
 excellentiae, and synonymous with 
 the 3ingular,Gen. 39:2 ff. (sometimes 
 with a singular adjective. Is. Hh 4 
 Sn^jP D'^2"ii< a hard master.) Gen. 42: 
 30, 33 y-^kn '':.^^^: the lord of the 
 land. Deut! 10: nD-^nN?! ^pi^ the 
 Lord of lords, i. e. God. The root 
 is probably 'j^'7 to judge, which idea 
 is in the eastern languages closely 
 connected with that of nt/in^. This 
 word does not occur in the kindred 
 dialects, except that in the Pheni- 
 cian a vestige of it remains in Vi^^w- 
 vcg; and perhaps in Auodoni (hail, 
 my lord!) Plant. Poen. v. 2. 
 
 *'^^^. the Lord, used exclusively of 
 God. '^__ is an ancient plur. termi- 
 nation for U'^_ (see "T^) and plur. 
 excellentijE ; but the form \ was 
 chosen instead of '^__ to distinguish 
 it from 'Difi^ my lords. Gen. 18: 3. 
 Ex. 4: 10, 13. Some consider the 
 termination ; as used for the suf- 
 fix '_. ; but (1.) the form with "__ 
 has ahvays the plural signification ; 
 and (2.) Jehovah calls himself 
 ^2^^^^, Is. 8: 7. Job 28:28. 
 
 I*]*!^ adv. Chald. i. q. Heb. tN or 
 nN then. Dan. 2: 15, 17, 19. '{{n^?. 
 idem, Dan. 3: 3. 'i^'lM.""]?3/rom that 
 time on, Ezra 5: 16. 
 
 "I'^'^X verbal adj. from in&i, dec. I. b. 
 
 1. great, mighty, powerful; ap- 
 plied to the waves of the sea, Ps. 
 93:4. to kings, Ps. 136: 13. to na- 
 tions, Ezek. 32: 18. 
 
 2. distinguished, chief; hence 
 Plur. nobles, princes, rulers, 2 Chr. 
 23: 20. Neh. 10; 30. Judg. 5: 25 
 ^'^1*'1'^ bso bowl of princes, i. e. a 
 princely bowl. Jer. 25: 34, 35, 36 
 )^:Z1-} '^^.^'^N rulers of the flocks, i. q. 
 parall. D''5n shepherds, 
 
 3. splendid, glorious, majestic. Ps. 
 8: 2. how glorious is thy name in all 
 the earth! Is. 33: 2 L 
 
121^ 
 
 12 
 
 aiK 
 
 D j5^ to be red. Lam. 4: 7. Some trans- 
 lafors, (e. g. Bocharl, Hieroz. II- lib. 
 V. c. 6, 7.) understand here simply 
 brilliancy, lustre^ without the idea 
 of redness, (comp. purpureus olor, 
 Hor. Od. iv. 1. 10.) but without suC- 
 cient proof from the analoj^^y of the 
 oriental languages. 
 
 Fu. D'^M to be red-coloured. Nah. 
 2:4. Ex. ^5: 5. 35:7,23. 
 
 Hiph. i. q. Kal. Is. 1:18. Several 
 verbs denoting colour preserve the 
 intransitive signification in Hiphil; 
 comp. I^abi-i. 
 
 Hithpa. to show itself red, to spar- 
 /reapplied to wine. Prov. 23:31. 
 
 i-J ii^ m. prim. 1. man, i. q. Lat. homo, 
 an^l collectively men. The two fol- 
 lowing are subordinate meanings 
 under this head ; (1.) other men, in 
 opposition to those already named, 
 Jer: 32: 20 O^i^il ^i^.^ip'^nn both on 
 Israel and on other men, i.e. the E- 
 gyptians. Judg. 18: 7, 28. Ps. 73: 5. 
 Judg. 16: 7 D'H^rr "iriwNS as one of 
 other men, in opposition to Samson. 
 Somewhat analogous to this is the 
 idea, common men, in opposition to 
 better men, Job 31: 33 D'iNS as ^ 
 common men, i. e. after the usual 
 human manner. Hos. 6:7. Ps. 82: 7. 
 also wicked men, Ps. 124:2. (2.) 
 men of inferior rank, when opposed . 
 to "^"^N men of higher rank, Is. 2:9. 6: ^ 
 15. The plurals of these nouns are 
 0>^ ^?2 and'ij'^i^ "^32 (rarely n*^u3^J<, 
 seV-^U'^ji'), Ps. 49:3." 62: 10. Prov. 
 8: 4. DIN ''?.'i''^^i <^e poor among 
 men, a Hebraism for simply the poor, Q 
 Is. 29: 19. So d^li^ 'rilST sacrificers, 
 IIos.l3:2; comp. tn^NS n''^:;3 Prov. 
 ^3:28. "' ** 
 
 2. man, i. q. iJ"'i<=Lat. vir, very 
 rarely. Ecc. 7: 28 one man (D^i?) 
 have 1 found among a thousand, but 
 a woman etc. 
 
 3. anyone. Lev. 1:2. See Gr. 
 205. 
 
 4. proper name of the first man, 
 although it preserves here its force 
 as an appellative, and has the arti- 
 
 cle almost without exception. The 
 woman (irt'^'i^) has an appropriate 
 name Eve^^tl^n); but the man 
 (D'IN) has none. On the contrary 
 in Gen. 6: 2, they are both named 
 &!}<. In a translation it would be 
 better to render it as an appellative 
 the man ; though the old versions 
 have treated it as a proper name. 
 
 5. proper name of a city on the 
 Jordan. Once Josh. 3: 16. 
 
 6. anw\ "jS son of man, i. q. D'lM. 
 Used especially in poetry, Num. 
 23: 19. Job 25: 6. very frequently 
 in Ezekiel, where God addresses 
 the prophet, d'lwVjnwian/ mortal! 
 2: 1,3. 3: 1, 3, 4^ 10, 25, intimating 
 thereby the unworthiness of a weak 
 mortal to receive so exalted revela- 
 
 tions. In Syriac, ].aj f^ son of man 
 is the usual expression for mail. 
 The plural D'lfiJ ^32 men is used as 
 the plural of Q'lj^, which has no 
 grammatical plural, 2 Sam. 7: 14. 
 especially in poetry, Deut. 32: 8. 
 Ps. 11: 4. 12:2, 9. 14: 2. 21: U. 
 Comp. Chald. u;:n "12, under art. 
 
 J^ f. verbal from Dli<. carnelion, 
 a gem of a red colour. Ex. 28: 17. 
 39:10. Ezek. 28:13. Sept. Gagdiov^ 
 Vulg. sardius. 
 
 1^, fern. ^^52"1^5 verbal adj. from 
 D'liJ. dec. Vni.'d. red. Cant. 5: 10. 
 spoken also of a reddish brown heif- 
 er, Num. 19: 2. and of a fox col- 
 oured horse, Zech. I: 8. 6:2. 
 
 "??. (^^'^ comp. the etymology Gen. 
 25: 30) proper name. 
 
 1. son of Isaac, elder twin-broth- 
 er of Jacob, more commonly called 
 Esau. But on the contrary Edom 
 is the usual word to designate 
 
 2. his posterity, the Edomitcs, /- 
 dumeans,''dnd their country, Idumea, 
 on the south of Palestine. As the 
 name of the people, it is of the 
 masc. gender, Num. 20: 20 ; as the 
 name of the country, of the fern, 
 gender, Jer. 49: 17. Comp. the 
 
13 
 
 niJ^ 
 
 names "2^^* and '::5<^^^"' The gen- 
 
 tile noun is -^aii^ anEdomiie^BeuL 
 
 23:8. 
 Q'm'QjwS: fcm. n^.'^p'li?. verbal adj. 
 
 from n jN. Plur. ni/i'i^'lN:. reddish. 
 
 Lev. 13:19 ff. 14:37. 
 n^'lX f. prira. dec. XI. d. 
 
 I.' earth, the element. Gen. 2: 
 
 19 out of earth Jehovah formed every 
 
 beast. Ex. 20: 24 an altar of earth. 
 
 1 Sam. 4: 12, etc. 
 
 2. earth.) ground, which we culti- 
 vate. Gen. 4: 2. 2 Chr. i6: 10 nrt^ 
 il^'lNI. a lover of husbandry. 
 
 3. /aiu/, country. Gen. 28: 15. Is. 
 14:2 riTlr;'^ fi^l^! ^'' ^^^^ o/ ^- 
 hovah, i. e. Canaan; comp. Hos. 9: 3. 
 
 4. the globe^ whole earth. Gen. 4: 
 11. 6: 1. 7: 4. 
 
 Plur. found only Ps. 49: 12 
 ni73lNt ^by super terris, 
 
 n^^fi? one of the five cities, which 
 were destroyed with the valley of 
 Siddim, and sunk in the Dead Sea. 
 Geo. 10: 19. 14:2. Hos. 11: 3. 
 
 31^1fi< verbal adj. from d'lJ^, see Gr. 
 130. 3. red-Jmired ; spoken of 
 Esau, Gen. 25: 25. of David, 1 Sam. 
 16: 12. 17:42. So the ancient ver- 
 sions with one consent, and not as 
 some render li of a ruddy counte- 
 nance. 
 
 *^^^^i^ a city in the tribe of Naphtali. 
 Josh. 19: 33. It ought perhaps to 
 be joined with the succeeding word 
 
 I ..... - . T -; 
 
 y^^, m. perhaps prim. dec. VI. a. 1. 
 base, pedestal, under the boards and 
 pillars of the tabernacle, in order 
 to support them. Ex. 26: 19ff. 27:10 
 ff. 36: 38. According to the descrip- 
 tion, they were metal plates of a 
 rectangular form with a mortise or 
 socket in the middle. Two of these 
 plates were put under each board, 
 and each board had two tenons 
 (dtT') which entered into their 
 sockets, and supported the boards. 
 The pillars had only one such 
 
 plate or pedestal. In Cant. 5: 15, a 
 more elegant pedestal appears to 
 be intended. 
 
 2. foundation of a building ; ap- 
 plied figuratively to the earth, Job 
 38:6. 
 
 ^ }^^ not found in Kal, but its prima- 
 ry^ signification appears to have 
 been, to be zvide, broad, see deriv. 
 ^li?. ? f^^.l^ ; hence 2. to be great, 
 illustrious, noble, see deriv. ^^"^N . 
 Comp. ^iri. 
 
 Niph. to make one'': self glorious. 
 Ex. 15:6,11. 
 
 Hiph. fut. ^"'IJ^'' . to make glori- 
 ous. Is. 42: 21. ' *" 
 
 **) ii^ m. verbal from 'n'li^, dec. VI. 1. 
 
 broad mantle, i. q. n^l.N . Mic. 2: 8. 
 
 2. splendour, magnificence, Zech. 
 
 11: 13. "^"p^iTl *^l>i< splendour of price, 
 
 i. e. splendid price ; ironically'. 
 
 ") 1^^ Chald. threshingfloor. Dan. 2:35. 
 
 "lli^ m.Adar, the sixth month of the 
 civil year, corresponding to part of 
 February and part of March. It 
 first occurs, like most of the names 
 of the months, in the later books. 
 Est. 3: 7, 13. 8: 12. 
 
 rit^l^*^. nasc. plur. Chald. chief 
 judges. Dan. 3: 2, 3. Compounded 
 of '^*^^< = lli* honour, dignity, and 
 *n un to decide, judge, 
 
 ^y.'T'i^ Chald. Ezra 7: 23. quickly, 
 or carefully, exactly. Sept. tToifJimg. 
 Most probably, according to Moser, 
 the Greek adQaGra = adQaarcOi^ 
 not transiently, carefully. The t is 
 changed after 7 into 'n, as in ^S'lTiTT. 
 
 'jIlD'llNl, 1 Chr. 29:7. Ezra 0: 27. 
 i. q. '|T73S'1'5 the Persian daric, a. 
 gold coin, which was in circulation 
 among the Jews during their subjec- 
 tion to the Persians. The J<{ is pros- 
 thetic, and 'jiS^^ occurs" in the 
 Rabbins. The word is of ancient 
 Persian origin, from fpfvj (dara) 
 
 king, or from v.5jnO (dargah) 
 
snfi* 
 
 14 
 
 "pn^ 
 
 royal court. Its value was an Attic Nlpb. part, lovely. 2 Sam. 1: 23. 
 
 ^gi'oovg, which the moderns esti- Pi. part. ^^iiJz lover, paramour. 
 
 mate at IJ ducats. The distinguish- Ezek. 16: 33, SG,'37. 23:5. 
 
 ing mark of this coin was anarch- ;-r^^v r i v ^ r r.u 
 
 er, hence it is called in numismat- ' *^^' - ^- ^''- ^' ^- ^fi- ^^ the pre- 
 
 ics Sagittarius. See Ekhel's Doct. 
 Numm. P. 1. Vol. III. p. 551. 
 
 k. 17*: 31. an idol of the Sippha- 
 renes, to which they offered human 
 sacrifices, otherwise wholly un- 
 known. 
 
 ^*) 1^. Chald. with J prosthetic, i. q. 
 ^'St a7'in. Ezra 4: 23. 
 
 Tl^^i^ f. verbal from -n.^^, dec. XIII. 
 a. 
 
 1. wide mantle^ mantle generally. 
 1 K. 19: 13, 19. iy:Tp n^:rji^ a Bab- 
 ylonish mantle, i. e. one curiously 
 worked in Babylonish manner, Josh. 
 7:21. See Pliu. V1I1.48. ^^^^^ nnT[.\ 
 a hairy mantle, perhaps a fur cloak, 
 Zech. 13: 4. Gen. 25:25. 
 
 2 glory splendour. Ezek. 17: 8. S^I^-.N^ ^ ^ ^^^bal from ii^^. love, 
 Zech. 11:3. . ^ r. r - ^ ? 
 
 M;hi^i.k .:,- sexual enjoyment. Vrov. 1: 18. 
 
 Oli^ 1. q. 01 -I to thresh. Once Is. 28: ^^y, . , . ^ . ^ r 
 
 \^..:.^^ ,.:u^.. -I .L 1 * >^. mterj. expressive of j^rief, form- 
 
 iir^m^ U;T^^^ he threshes it con- " ', -f ^ . 
 
 ceding. Is. 5G: 6 D'^-Di^. nn^I>\!: 
 ilin"] to love the name of Jelhovah. 
 Deul. 7: 8 Dpn^Nf tlin'; nitl^^p. since 
 Jehovah loves you. 1 K. 10:9. 2 Chr. 
 2: 10. 9: 8. 
 
 2. /ore. Prov. 10: 12. 2 Sam. 1: 
 26. Cant. 8:6,7. 
 
 3. object of love, mistress. Cant. 
 2:7. 3:5. 8:4. 
 
 4. adv. charmingly, elegaritly. 
 Cant. 3: 10. 
 
 D^DH^ m. plur. verbal from ntiN. 
 1; fornication, figuratively for fo- 
 reign alliances. Hos. 8: 9. Comp. 
 till, 1^-23:17. 
 
 2. loveliness. Prov. 5: 19 nV.?.^*^ 
 d"*ir!J^ the lovely hind, among the 
 Orientals, a word of amorous en- 
 dearment. 
 
 28 
 
 stantly. Comp. Ser. 8: 13. 
 S^l^ and -n^9 fut. inwNi:^. (in 1. 
 pers. nn^t and iJ^j^,) inf. n'nN, 
 more frequently J-!ntj>\. Concern- 
 ing nn^iiiJn, see Gr. GO. 5. 
 1. to love. C 
 
 ed by an onomatopoeia. Ah! tco / 
 alas! most generally in the con- 
 nexion 'n\T\'i '^:ikNJ nrrwV Ah, Lord 
 God! Judg. 6: 22.* JeVl: 6. 4: 10. 
 also Judg. 11:3^. and with a da- 
 tive, Joel 1: 15 D^"b rr^wNf alas the 
 day ! 
 onstrued with an ^^^^ . 
 accusative, more rarely with b, Lev. ' !^. ' H- ''^. or i^T>N where ? Hos. 13: 
 19: 18, 34. with 2, Ecc. 5: 9.'* Part. 10 JiiSN "JiN as in other places fre- 
 ^7i;^intimateffien'd, cor!fidant,{more quently N^ricji W where then ? So 
 than ^^acywainmnce.) Prov. l8:24. the Sept. Viilg.'Chald. agreeably 
 Est. 5: 10, 14. See n:;ij. to the context. 
 
 2. to desire, rejoice in. Ps. 40: 17 S'-t^! r . "^^^^ 
 ^mTiin -^n^lj? those who desire thy ^ ' ^':' ^"t^^^* ?...,' ' ^- ^^5?^ perhaps 
 help. 70: 5. Comp. 2 Tim. 4: 8 To7g 
 
 i]yant]y.o(Si rt^v f:ni(fccvi,uv ccvtov 
 who desire his appearing. Ps. 116: 1 
 rrin"^ ^'/^'-e"! ^^ ""^i^n^^ ^ rejoice be- 
 cause Jehovah has heard. When con- 
 strued with b before an infin. i. q. 
 French aimer a fare quelque chose, 
 in like to do a thing, Hos. 12: 8. Is 
 56:10. Jer. 14: 10. 
 
 denom. from bJl^- to take up oneh 
 tent and move about as a JVomade. 
 Gen. 13: 12, 18. In the last passage 
 the Samar. text has adopted a cor- 
 rect gloss 'jS.^ into the text. 
 
 Hiph. idem. Fut. VmN^ by contr. 
 '^T};i Is. 13: 20 the Arabian shall not 
 pitch tent there. But b'^JTiJi'^ is prob. 
 Syr. for b^Vri;] = b^t" tlie'Hiph. of 
 
bbrt to shine^ Job 25: 5 Tl'i'l 1^ "j^. rivatlon is nlrnj? (she has her om 
 
 ^''ilN'' Nb*! behold even the moon, it tent, i, e. temple.) 
 
 shineth not clear, or, is not pure. TO.'^^Tl^ f. name of a lewd woman, 
 
 Comp. D'^K^f 22 Syr. for lT"^^"^.. Others allegorically representing idohi- 
 
 render Job"25: 5 he abides not there, trous Jerusalem. Ezek. 23 : 4 ff. 
 
 which is not suited to the context. It is explained by nS "^VriN {my 
 
 The various reading ^rt^ in one of (gnt, i. e. temple is with her) in op- 
 
 Kennicott's MSS. is to be regarded position to rrbiiN q. v. 
 
 as a correct gloss or explanation. j-^i^^y^j^j ^ {tent of exaltation) prop- 
 
 bt]k m. prob. prim, const. ^t^S?, with er name of a wife of Esau. Gen. 36: 
 
 ri local Jibnj?, with suff.^!:nj<,'^!:?l.N 2, U. The same name is after- 
 
 r I. I I 7 01 ^-^ 'Tu I'll wards employed to denote an E- 
 
 [oholcha] ; Plur. dV:n.S, with l.ght ^^^^^.^.^^ J-^,/^ ^^^^ ^^ .^^^ ^^ ^^^^^ 
 
 suflf.':|"'!:nw^,')^brTi? const, and before ^i^g concubine of Eliphaz (v. I2*.j 
 
 grave suff. "'bn.N- See Gr. 143. gave name to another tribe, v. 40. 
 
 notes 14, 15. 'j'^'n&^ m. proper name of the brother 
 
 1. tent, -rn^o !:tlj, n^-J^ri, the tent ^^'y^^,^, ^^j first high-priest of the 
 or tabernacle of meeting, (see 1i?i^, Hebrews. Ex. 4:14. 6:20. prtfi^ :a 
 nn:?,) for which also stands bJlJ^ the children of Aaron, Josh.''21:*4j 
 simply, 1 K. 1:39. In larger tents lOj 1^. a'ld i"^^,^ ri^2 the house of 
 ^riN denotes, in a restricted sense, Aaron, Ps. 115: 10, 12. 118: 3. i. e. 
 the external covering, consisting for the priests. Also the high-priest gen- 
 the most part of skins, and is oppos- erally, Ps. 133: 2. The root -iJii* 
 ed to r2tl2 the inward lining, Ex. not found m Hebreiv, but from it 
 26:1,7. 36:8,14,19. is derived Syr. (i^oif lewd,wanton. 
 
 2. the temple, because it took the r 
 
 place of the tabernacle just men- "^ conj. prim. \, if, if perhaps. iSam. 
 
 tioned. Ezek. 41:1. 20: 1 who will tell me, "TJiyr ^^ "i^^ 
 
 3. habitation generally. Prov. 14: ^-^p Tj^^fiJ if thy father answer thee 
 
 11. Ps. 52:7. 91:10. Is. 16:&!:nN somewhat^ roughly. Sept. *aV, Vulg. 
 
 niT house, i. e. citadel, of David. gi forte. Gen. 24: 55 ^^'^V it< D"^?::^ 
 
 ip^l,b-v* , ,, o* ^ n some days, i fit were perhaps ten, I.e. 
 
 U^7niN niasc. olur. Num. 24: 6. Prov. , .x j o i ' ' ' 
 
 7: 16. and nibi^N Ps. 45: 9. Cant. 4: ^^Jta, Vulg. saltern decern dies. Lew 
 
 14. lignaloes or aloes wood, the 'ivl- 26: 41. 
 
 akoTj, or ayakXoxov of the Greeks, 2. 6ut i/. Ex. 21: 36. 2 Sam. 18: 
 
 the fragrant and very costly wood 13. Is. 27:5. (i. q. ''D i^? Lev. 13:16, 
 
 of a tree growing in the East Indies, 24.) 
 
 with red fruit resembling pepper- 3. and if. Lev. 4: 23. 
 
 corns, Exccpxaria Agallocha, Linn. 4. most frequently, or. Whea 
 
 In Num. 24: 6, the tree itself is in- repeated, either, or. Lev. 25: 19. 
 
 tended, which, though foreign, the ^j^. p^^^ gj. 4 ^eth. probably to be 
 
 Hebrew poet might speak of, as our -^^^^ ,^ i j.,,j^, ^,,., .,;.^. 
 
 poets would of the palm; in the \. ^^^^d fromKlK no. I. 
 
 other passages the wood, as a per- j ^ ^ 
 
 fume, is intended. See especially * -1^ na. dec. I. a. 
 
 Celsii Hierob. T. f. p. 135---170. ! necromancer, a conjurer who 
 
 ^? ^ calls up the dead to learn from them 
 
 n^riN f. name of a lewd woman, al- the future. (See particularly 1 Sam. 
 
 legorically representing Samaria. 28:7 19.) Dent. 18:11. 2K. 21: 
 
 Ezek. 23 : 4 ff. Most probable de- 6. ^Cbr. 33: 6. 
 
n%H 
 
 16 
 
 'll^ 
 
 2. the spirit of divination in such 
 a conjurer. Lev. 20: 27 a man^ or 
 woman^ in whom is lailX a spirit of 
 necromancy. 1 Sam. 28: 8. Hence 
 ili^-n^ya a woman that hath such 
 a spirit^ sorceress^ 1 Sam. 28: 7. 
 
 3. the ghost itself which is raised. 
 Is. 29: 4 ^Hp 7^N73 iIND TfTT] and 
 thy voice shall be as that of a ghost 
 
 from the earth. 
 
 Plur. fem. rrfl^i^ women exercis- 
 ing necromancy ^sorceresses. Lev. 19: 
 :31. 20: 6. 1 Sam. 28: 3, 9. Is. 8: 19. 
 19:3. 
 
 II. ni2}l>5 f. plur. skin-hottles. Job 
 32: 19. 
 
 Also proper name of an encamp- 
 ment of the Israelites in the wilder- 
 ness. Num. 21: 10. 33:43. 
 
 rD'^>5 and ^^^ dec. II. b, river^ lake. 
 
 marsh. Dan. 8: 2, 3, 6. Comp. Arab. 
 / / / 
 
 A^ imbrem effudit, 
 
 l^i^ m. dec. I. firebrand. Is. 7: 4. Am. 
 4: ll.Zecb. 3: 2. 
 
 ni j1^^ fem. plur. dec. X. causes; on- 
 ly in the connexion ninii^ bs? be- 
 cause of on account of Gen. 21: 11, 
 25. Ex, 18: 8. "^'m DiTii^-i^S-pS? 
 because that^ Jer. 3:8. In 2 Sam. 13: 
 16, instead of ni-jli^ bi$ read fi< VN- 
 
 ! iH^JfiJ only in Pi.'ii^i^ to wish, de- 
 sire^ generally spoken of '^^z the 
 soul 2 Sam. 3: 21. 1 K. 11: 37. 
 Deut. 12: 20. 14:26. 
 
 Hithpa. iijNnrr , fut. apoc. "jtin";. 
 idem ; without 'iiSD. Construed with 
 an ace. Am. 5: 18. with a dative, 
 Prov. 23:3,6.24:1. rrij^n tinj^nn 
 cupidinem cupere^ to desire ardently^ 
 to long or lust after., to covet^ Num. 
 11: 4. Ps. 106: 14. Prov. 21: 26. 
 
 Deriv. out of course ta''^,iN/5, 
 
 II. illi^ as in Arab, to lodcre. dwell. 
 Whence^ Hithpa. according to the 
 present punctuation, Num. 34: 10 
 a l^b an"':]Nn{l take to yourselves for 
 
 a dwelling ; but according to the 
 versions, measure off for yourselves., 
 as if i. q. dpb Jii^nn (verses 7, 8.) 
 from rt^n to measure. This renders 
 
 T T 
 
 it probable that the first form is de- 
 rived from ni<n, which may be, 
 if we point it as the Hiphil from 
 a quadriliteral 5llNn = tlNn to 
 measure., after the analogy of Tlli^l 
 ==:nN:. In that case the root ni^i;} 
 no. II. is to be rejected. 
 rniX f. verba! from iii^N no. I. dec. 
 X. desire. Deut. 12: iV, 20. 18: 6. 
 Jer. 2: 24. Constantly joined with 
 tJDD, except Hos. 10: 10. 
 
 /V\^ found only Gen. 10: 27. proper 
 name of a descendant of Joktan, 
 probably the head of some Arabi- 
 an tribe. According to many testi- 
 monies from very different sources 
 this was the ancient name of the 
 city Sana, the capital of Arabia Fe- 
 lix. See Bochart ; and, for further 
 confirmation, J. D. Michaelis Spi- 
 cil. Geogr. Hebraeorum Exter. T. 
 II. p. 164 ff. 
 
 "^li^ tnterj. formed by an onomato- 
 poeia, expressive of grief, wo! alas! 
 generally with a dat. 1 Sam. 4 : 8 
 :i:b '"ifi^ T^o unto us ! or of threaten- 
 ing, Num.21: 29. 
 
 n^ii^ interj. idem. Ps. 120: 5. 
 
 ^^\^. verbal from obs. biN , dec. I. 
 a^i. foolish and subst. a fool, some- 
 times connected with the idea of im- 
 piety, which is more frequent in its 
 synonymes, especially bi3. Most 
 common in Proverbs; chap. 1:7. 
 ^ 10: 14, 21. 12: 15, 16. 
 
 '^'^'^1'!?. cJenom. from b'^IN by adding 
 the adjective termination '^__ (see 
 Gr. 130. 3. a.) idem. Zech. 11: 15. 
 
 '^'in'Q^ P*^*]^. m. proper name of a 
 king of Babylon and successor of 
 Nebuchadnezzar. 2 K. 25:27. Jer. 
 52: 51. The latter part of this 
 compound name is the name of a 
 Babylonish idol (see ^I'lX?) ; the 
 
h^^ 
 
 17 
 
 V^ 
 
 former signifies in Hebrew foolish^ 
 but is without doubt an entirely dif- 
 ferent Assyrian or Persian word, 
 which has been somewhat altered, 
 so as to sound like Hebrew. Syn- 
 cellus writes the name Evidan-me' 
 rodach. 
 
 P'^i^ and ^^^^ an obsolete root, which 
 probably signified to be strongs migh- 
 ty. Deriv. a"'bnit, W^b^i^^ the mighty; 
 ^^. ^ight^ God; perhaps also b"i< 
 ram, ttb^f turpentine-tree^ both so 
 named from their strength ; and with 
 a moveable ^, }:''&<, n^b^^<, strength. 
 An entirely different word from 
 this is > 
 
 ^1^ a root also obsolete, to he foolish. 
 Deriv. b'^IN!, foolish^ nb^>N foolish- 
 ness. By metath. this verb becomes 
 bt^l =):^l Niph. to be foolish, q. v. 
 
 P1^ m. dec. I. a. 
 
 1. mighty. (See root b^N-) 2 K. 
 24: 15 Keth. V"lijn ^;iJ the mighty 
 or the nobles of the land, instead of 
 which the Keri substitutes the more 
 usual form ''b"'J<. 
 
 2. body. Ps. 73:4 their body is fat. 
 
 (In Arab. Jff^ Jf corpus.) 
 
 I. ^bj\i^ perhaps, Gen. 16:2. 24:5. if 
 perhaps, Hos. 8:7. 
 
 II. 7^i^ EulcBus, a river flowing by 
 Susa in Persia. Dan. 8: 2. 
 
 L Db>15*, also th^, m. (with Ka- 
 mets impure,) Plur. d"'73bN, more 
 commonly d'^72b^fij, D^73bfi<,'n''73iN, 
 (from ob'^N.) a covered walk with 
 pillars, a portico^ piazza, porch. 1 K. 
 ^:6 ff. Ezek. 40:7 tf. Particularly the 
 porch in front of Solomon's temple, 
 ngopaog, I K. Q:3. Joel 2:17. In the 
 passage in Kinafs, this porch is de- 
 scribed only as to its length and 
 breadth, whence it would be most 
 natural to suppose its height to be 
 that of the temple itself ; but the 
 parallel passage in 2 Chr. 3:4, gives 
 it the towering height of 120 cu- 
 bits, which would not conform to 
 
 3 
 
 our ideas of architecture, and leads 
 us to suspect some error. Hirt 
 (Tempel Salomons, p. 24.) makes it 
 probable that its height was short 
 of 20 cubits, and therefore less 
 than that of the temple. The 
 word has no root in Hebrew ; but 
 in Egyptian, elcc^i signifies a portico. 
 See Jablonskii Opusc. ed. Te Wa- 
 ter. T. 1. p. 85. But Gesenius 
 (Lehrgeb. p. 495, 844.) gives a dif- 
 ferent origin to this word. 
 
 II. G^IX (once dbw^ Job 17:10.) 
 
 Comp. Arab. J^f proecessit, and 
 
 see Gesen. Lehrgeb. p, 624, 844. 
 
 1. conj. advers. but, nevertheless, 
 Sept. ov firjp dX^d. Job 2:5. 6:8. 
 13:3. More frequent is Db^N"' idem. 
 Job 1:11. 12:7. 33:2. " '' 
 
 2. morejrarely, conj. causal, i. q. 
 *3 in the beginning of a proposition, 
 for, for indeed, enimvero. Job. 13: 4 
 for ye invent false words. 14:18. 
 
 ^'?.?.^ f* verbal from obs. b''N, dec. 
 Xill. a. 
 
 \.folly.?rov. 12:23.13:16. Hence 
 
 2. sin, transgression. Ps, 38:6. 
 Comp. rrb^:. 
 
 3. perl^aps might, high rartk^ bor- 
 rowing its signification from b^N. 
 Prov. 14: 24 nlr^N D^'^'^O^ nbilwN the 
 elevation of fools is still folly. There 
 would then be an antanaclasis, or a 
 play upon the double signification 
 of the word nb-)J< ; but perhaps it 
 ought the first time to be different- 
 ly pointed. Others : the foolishness 
 of fools continues foolishness, which 
 does not accord with the parallel 
 clause. 
 
 "jl^ m. dec. VI. e. (Kindred to y^^ 
 'nothingness, defect, and as an adv. 
 not.) 
 
 1. nothingness., vanity, falsehood. 
 Is. 41:29. (Parall. D^>\.) Zpch. 10:2. 
 It is applied particularly to idola- 
 try, (comp. b5t^,) 1 Sam. 15:23. and 
 to every thing pertaining to it; e.g. 
 to the idol itself, Is. 06^3. Hence 
 Hosea names the idolatrous citv 
 
aiwV 
 
 18 
 
 SlwH 
 
 ^N'Ti'^s {house of God) in derision 
 "j^i^ n"*zi {house of an idol) Hos. 4:15. 
 6:3. 10:5. and simply "Jlij 10:8. 
 
 2. rssickediiess^ sin^ transgression. 
 Job 36:21. Is. 1:13. ''ip3N, p.JJ-'^niq 
 rvickcd men, Job 22:15. 34:36. ^b2?b 
 p5j evildoers^ Job 31:3. 34:8, 22. 
 U^ed prob. as a concrete Prov. 11:7 
 n^:iwS' for "jlw^ ipDj^ (so the Sept. 
 Syr. Arab. Chald.)' 
 
 3. evil^ trouble^ sorrow^ affiiciion^ 
 i. q. Irtty no. 3. Ps. 55:4 they bring 
 trouble upon me. Prov. 22:8 he who 
 sows iniquity^ reaps affiiction. Ps. 90: 
 10. Job 15:35. Gen. 35:18 ''2?1^-]? 
 son of 7ny sorrow. D''i^^^ Dtlb bread 
 of sorrow^ funeral meal, Hos. 9:4. 
 comp. Deut. 26:14. Hab. 3:7 nnn 
 I^N ill nfjiiction. As this word, when 
 joined with suffixes, i^ exactly like 
 "j**^ below, whose signification is es- 
 sentially and radically different, care 
 should be taken not to confound 
 them. 
 
 Ij'")^ prop. name. 1. a pleasant val- 
 ley in Syria of Damascus, now call- 
 ed Un and used proverbially for a 
 pleasant vale. Am. 1:5. 
 
 2. i. q. ]!}< Ileliopolis. Ezek. 30:17. 
 
 Ilii^ m. dec. I. a. 
 
 1. strength. Job 18:7, 12. 40:16. 
 Uos. 12:4. Particularly the power 
 of generation, "lii^tl D'^'^i^'^ firstling 
 of one^s strength, first-begotten, Gen. 
 49:3. Deut. 21 : 17. Ps. 105:36. 
 Piur. D-'i'fi*}, Is. 40:26, 29. Ps. 78:51. 
 
 2. wealth, riches. Hos. 12:9. Job 
 20:10. Comp. h'^n. According to 
 others, i. q. p'n, by interchanging 
 iJ< and rt. 
 
 Ti^'lN' Jer. 10:9. Dan. 10:5. Uphaz, a 
 
 country rich in gold, the situation 
 of which is nowhere pointed out. 
 
 n'^i^'l^N also l^i^, Ophir, a celebrat- 
 ed country ,famous for its gold, which 
 Solomon's ships visited in company 
 with the Phenician. They brought 
 back from thence gold, precious 
 stones, and sandal-wood, (1 K. 9:28. 
 
 10:11. 2Chr. 8:18. 9:10. also (accor- 
 ding to 1 K.IO: 22, where Ophir in- 
 deed is not mentioned, but is intend- 
 ed)silver, ivory, apes,and peacocks, 
 (QiflSn according to others pheas- 
 ants.^ " The bible speaks frequent- 
 ly of the gold of Ophir, Job 28:16. 
 Ps. 45:10. 1 Chr. 29:4. In Job 22: 
 24, ^"iDi'^ stands alone for Ophiritic 
 gold. Were we obliged to suppose 
 all these articles the actual produc- 
 tions of Ophir, then this country 
 must, as Bochart, Reland and oth- 
 ers have thought, be looked for on- 
 ly in India ; and the LXX. appear to 
 have had this opinion in rendering 
 it ^ojqiQ, 2^ov(fiQ, ^^ojqiga, which 
 is the Egyptian name for India. 
 (Josephi Antiq. Jud. viii. 6. 4. 
 comp. Jablonskii Opusc. ed. Te 
 Water. T. I. p. 337.) But in Gen. 
 10:29, Ophir stands in the midst of 
 other Arabian countries, and the ar- 
 guments preponderate for placing 
 it in Arabia; yet possibly it is 
 mentioned in that connexion, only 
 on account of its being an Ara- 
 bian colony planted abroad. If 
 it was in Arabia, the articles men- 
 tioned above, except apes, pre- 
 cious stones, and perhaps pheasants, 
 must have come to Ophir in the 
 way of commerce, and it is proba- 
 ble that they were brought from 
 the East coast of Africa. (^"SIN 
 is thought to mean Africa itself by 
 the Chaldee interpreter and by 
 some others in Origen on Job 22: 
 24.) Antiquity has constantly as- 
 cribed a great abundance of gold 
 to the nations of Arabia, (comp. 
 art. ajiip ; concerning the Midi- 
 aniles, "Num. 21 : 22, 50. Judges 
 8: 24, 26 ; and concerning the pas- 
 sages in the classics, Bochart;) 
 although it is probable that gold 
 was never produced there. See 
 Mannert's Geographie derGriechen 
 und Romer. Th. vi. H. 1. p. 8. 
 The very name El Ophir has late- 
 ly been pointed out as a city in 
 Oman, in former times the centre of 
 a very active Arabian commerce. 
 Comp. Bochart-s Phaleg. ii. c. 27. 
 
^^ 
 
 19 
 
 ni! 
 
 Reland's Disi*ert. Bliscell. i. 4. J. D. 
 Michaelis Spicileg. T. II. p. 184 ff. 
 Bredow's histor. Untersuchungen. 
 Th. ii. p. 253 ff. Seetzen in Zach's 
 monatl. Correspondenz. B. XIX. p. 
 331 ff. 
 
 'fSl*^ m. dec. VIII. a. wheel. Ex.l4:25. 
 Prov. 20:26 ICIN Dri"'^y iUJ^T and 
 brings over ihein the wheel of the 
 threshing waggon or sledge. Comp. 
 
 Y^^ \. to be narrow. Josh. 17:15. 
 
 2. trans, to press. Ex. 5:13. 
 
 3. to press one^s self^ to hasten. Josh. 
 10:13. Prov. 19:2. 28:20. When 
 construed with '^73, to take one's self 
 away., to withdraw^ Jer. 17: 16 
 'rj-nnN n^nig ""riirfi^-Nb for r\VriJ2 
 TlSf^ I have not withdrawn myself 
 
 from following thee as a shepherd, 
 i. e. as a prophet. 
 
 Hiph. to press on any one, constru- 
 ed with a, Gen. 19: 15. Is. 22:4. 
 
 *)!S1X m. verbal from 'n25<, dec. II. 
 Plur. mn:''i<. 
 
 1. stored stores ; e.g. of provis- 
 ions, 2 Chr. 11:11. 1 Chr. 27:27. 
 Job 38: 22 stores of the snow^ of the 
 liail. Especially of costly articles; 
 hence a treasure, Prov. 21:20. often 
 the treasure of the temple, 1 K. 7:51. 
 of the royal house, 14: 26. n"<5 
 ^IS'lNn treasure-house, Neh. 10:39. 
 
 2. i. q. ^ifc'iJ^Jl rr^a storehouse, 
 Joel 1:17. treasure-house, 2 Chr. 32: 
 27. 
 
 jli^ 1. to be or become light; applied 
 to the morning, Gen. 44:3. to the 
 sun, Prov. 4:18. to the eyes, 1 Sam. 
 14:27, 29. Used impers. ^n^ it is 
 light, it is day, 1 Sam. 29:10. 
 
 2. used figuratively. Is. 60:1 up, 
 to the light, for thy light is come. 
 
 Niph. ^iiX3, fut. nifi^v to become 
 light, 2 Sam. 2: 32. to be enlightened. 
 Job 33:30. Part. '^iN^S shining, il- 
 lustrious, glorious, Ps. 76:5. 
 
 Hiph. *^"'^^lrI l. toillumiuey enlight- 
 en. Ps. 77:19. 97:4. 105:39. Partic- 
 ularly (1.) with a-^ry, to enlighten 
 
 the eyes of any one, Ps. 13:4 enlight- 
 en mine eyes, (antith. sleeping the 
 sleep of death ;) elsewhere to glad- 
 den, make joyful, Prov. 29:13. Ps. 
 19:9. (Parall. rejoicing the heart.) 
 Ezra 9:8. (2.) with !ZD"'2S, to en- 
 lighten the countenance of any one, 
 to make it serene, Ecc. Gl. a man''s 
 wisdom shall make his face serene^ but 
 his haughty countenance shall he disf.g- 
 ured. Ps. 80: 4, 8. When construed 
 with "^J*, ^y, 3, to make one'^s face to 
 shine on aiy one, to be propitious to 
 him, Ps. 31: 17. 119: 135. Dan. 9: 
 17. Also without tD''3S in the same 
 sense, Ps. 118:27. (3.) to instruct. 
 Ps. 119: 130. 
 
 2. to shine, strictly to make it light. 
 Gen. 1:15. Ex. 13:21. 
 
 3. to kindle, set on fire. Mai. 1: 
 10. Is. 27: 11. Comp. -inwN/f^e. 
 
 Deriv. out of course, 'n^^^s. 
 
 11^^ m. (fern, perhaps Job 36: 32.) 
 verbal from ^nj{, dec. I. a. light. 
 Gen. 1: 3 5. Particularly (1.) day- 
 light, daybreak. 1 Sam. 14:3b*. ^-k'h. 
 
 8 : 3 tDvrr rT'iin^-iy ^'^k^rr-'j^ 
 
 from daybreak to mid-day. Job. 24: 14. 
 (2.) the sun. Job 31: 26. 37: 21. Hab. 
 3: 4. (3.) light of life. life. Job 3: 16, 
 20. in full, tZl-'Hri "lIN Ps. h6: 14. 
 {4.)light, as an emblem of happiness; 
 the figure sometimes being preserv- 
 ed, Job 22: 28. Is. 9: 1. 30: 26. and 
 sometimes not, Ps. 97: 11. Parall. 
 ?in73'23. (5.) light as an emblem of w- 
 struction. Is. 49: 6 IZi^i:^ lli^ light of 
 the gentiles, i. e. their teacher. 51:4. 
 2: 5 let us walk in the light of Jeho- 
 vah, see verse 3. Comp. Prov. 6: 
 23 the commandment is a lamp., and 
 the law is light. Probably also in 
 this sense Jehovah is called the 
 light of Israel, Is. 10: 17. (60:3. ?) 
 (6.) &: ^15? light ov serenity of 
 countenance. Job 29: 24. When ap- 
 plied to God, to a king, a propitious 
 countenance, Prov. 16: 15 in the se- 
 rene, i. e. propitious, countenance of 
 the king. Ps. 4: 7. 44: 4. 
 
 ! "nii^ m. verbal from "lij}, dec. I. a. 
 fire. Ezek. 5:2. Is. 44: 16. 47: 14. 
 
niK 
 
 20 
 
 niii 
 
 60: 11. See verb 'nlN Hiph. no. 3. 
 Plur. t3''^ni>i or D^")Nl, some- 
 times alone \'um. 27:21. but gene- 
 rally with tiD'^?2ni. Luth. Lichtund 
 Recht ; Sept. more correctly driho- 
 aig nccl {xX)i{}eict ; perhaps plurales 
 excelieniiae, light^ i. e. revelation, 
 a7td tratf'^ the sacred lot of the He- 
 brews which the high-priest bore 
 in or on his breastplate (']ipn) and 
 consulted in difficult cases. Ex. 28: 
 30. Lev. 8:8. Ezra 2: 63. Neh. 7: 
 65. Of what it consisted is^a mat- 
 ter of dispute. Josephus (Antiq. iii. 
 8. 9.) and the Rabbins say, that it 
 consisted of the gems in the breast- 
 plate, but a more probable opinion 
 is derived from Ex. 28:30, (comp. 
 Philo de vita Mosis, 0pp. T. il. p. 
 152. ed. Mangey.) that the Urim 
 and Thummim were two small o- 
 racular images, similar to the Ter- 
 aphim, and personifying Revela- 
 tion and Truth., which were placed 
 in the cavity of the breastplate. 
 There appears to have been a very 
 similar custom among the Egyp- 
 tians, see Diod. Sic. i. 48', 75. j^Eli- 
 ani Var. Hist. xiv. 34. 
 
 II. n'^N' Gen. 11:2S. Neh. 9:7. prop- 
 er name of a city in Mesopotamia, 
 which is also mentioned by ihe 
 same name in Ammian. Marc. xxv. 8. 
 
 D^n\^ or t:^>N| found only Is. 24: 
 15. probably the north country. 
 
 Comp. j>^l sepientrio. This expla- 
 nation does not form an exact anti- 
 thesis to C^r; "'^.N the islands of the 
 zeestern sea in the parallel clause ; 
 but such exactness ought not to be 
 required, see Am. 8: 12. Fs. 107: 3. 
 Deut. 33: 23. 
 
 fn^^ fern, of ^1N% dec. X. light. Ps. 
 139: 12. Fig. happiness^ Est. 8: 16. 
 
 Plur. m"li^5 Aerfe.9, vegetables. 2 
 K. 4:39. (In the Shemitish lan- 
 guages, the ideas of sprouting.^ being 
 green ^flourishing., are connected in 
 many words with that of shining. 
 See 71x2. In the Samar. version 
 
 ^ii'' is used for fi^'ii'^. an herb., Gen. 
 1: 11. 12.) So perhaps Is. 26: 
 19 'r^Vo ni-ilN h'O ^"2^ for a dew of 
 plants is thy dezv^ i. e. refreshing, 
 healing, as the dew of plants. Oth-r 
 r8 : morning derm. Others : tht 
 dew of life. 
 
 ^^'^^.l^. by metath. for niT^N stalh 
 
 or cribs. 2 Chr. 32: 28. 
 r"]^fi^ {light of Jehovah) proper 
 
 name. 1. a Hittite, husband of 
 Bathsheba, caused to be murdered 
 by David. 2 Sam. 11:3. 
 
 2. a high-priest under Ahaz, con- 
 temporary with Isaiah. Is. 8: 2. 2, 
 K. 16:10. 
 
 m^t com. dec. I. Plur. ninj?. sign. 
 Particularly (1 .) sign., flag., standard. 
 Num. 2: 2 fF. namely, such as each 
 tribe carried, and different from 
 b^i a common standard for three 
 tribes. (2.) sign., memorial^ pledge., 
 e. g. of a covenant. Thus circum- 
 cision, Gen. 17: 11, and the sabbath, 
 Ex. 31 : 13, 17. Ezek. 20: 12, 20, 
 are called signs of the covenant be- 
 tween Jehovah and the Jews. 
 Hence, in a more general sense, 
 sacred rites., religious institutions., of- 
 ferings and the like., Ps. 74 : 9 
 ^'J'^NT^i^ ^:'^m"riN our sacred rites 
 we see not. So verse 4. (3.) sign^ 
 memorial., remembrance.^ e.g. ofsome- 
 thing to be done, Ex. 13:9, 16. 
 Deut. 6:8. or avoided. Ezek 14:8. 
 Num. 17: 25. [lO.J Deut. 28: 46. (4.) 
 sign^ token., pledge^ omen., of a prom- 
 ise to be performed, or of a predic- 
 tion to be fulfilled. The deity, or the 
 prophet as his interpreter, predicts 
 a special event, the fulfilment of 
 which is a pledge for the accom- 
 plishment of the whole prophecy. 
 Ex. 3: 12. 1 Sam. 2:34. 10: 7, 9. 2 
 K. 19:29. 20:8, 9. Is. 7: 11,14. 38: 
 7, 22. Jer. 44: 29. Comp. nei'XS 
 no. 1. with which it is sometimes 
 joined, Deut. J3: 2. In a more 
 general sense, sign or proof of a di- 
 vine mission, Judg. 6: 17. (5.) em- 
 blem^ type., symbol.^ of a future event, 
 
Tfi* 
 
 21 
 
 5Ti^ 
 
 synonymous with n^l'tt. no. 2. 
 Ezek. 4: 3 'uj"* n^sb i<"^il DIN let 
 this be a type to the house of Israel. 
 Is. 8: 18. 20:3. (6.) sign in heaven^ 
 a prodigy. Jer. 10: 2, Particularly a 
 miracle wrought by God or by his 
 messengers, and then synonymous 
 with n^J72 no. 1. with which it is 
 very frequently connected. Deut. 
 4: 34. 6: 22. 7: 19. Ex. 4: 8, 9, 17 ff. 
 Also in classical Greek and Latin 
 authors, the same words which de- 
 note a mark^ sign^ likewise denote 
 a miracle. Comp. aiijfAa^ or/fAeTov^ 
 Tt^ccg-f monstrum, portentum, osten- 
 tum, prodigium. 
 
 nifi< or rTli^ only in Niph. rn'N3, 1 
 pers. pi. fut. n'^'iii^ 3 pers. :)m'7.. 
 to consent. 2 K. 12:9. Construed 
 with a dative of the person, Gen. 
 34: 15, 22, 23. 
 
 rilfi^ or nfi<, with suffixes a sign of 
 the accusative case. See ni no. 
 II. 
 
 TfiJ adv. prim. 1. then, at that time, 
 Germ, damals. Gen. 12: 6. Josh. 14: 
 11. In this sense it refers back to 
 past time, but has a verb after it in 
 the future tense, which must be 
 rendered as if in the preterite, 
 Josh. 10: 12. Ex. 15: 1. Deut. 4: 41. 
 
 2. then, at some future time. Germ, 
 dann. Ps. 96: 12 :):S"n": ^^ then shall 
 they rejoice. Zeph. 3: 9. Job 3: 13. 
 Often at the beginning of the latter 
 member of a sentence, Job 13:20. 
 Prov. 2: 5. 
 
 3. therefore, on that account. Jer. 
 22: 15. Ps. 40: 8 therefore I said, be- 
 hold, I come. 
 
 4. TM^ and Ti^-p formed like the 
 French depuis, des lors. {1.) from 
 that time on, after, since ; construed 
 with a verb finite and infiu. Ex. 5: 
 23 HSJ^S Vn ""nj^a TN?3 since I came 
 to Pharaoh. Gen." -^9: 5. Ex. 4: 10 
 ''^'^^'3 '^^. since thou hast spoken. 
 Josh. 14: 10. also ftith substantives, 
 Ruth 2: 7 ^p2n 1iV2^from the morn- 
 ing on. Ps. 76: 8 ^5N 1i^J2^ from the 
 
 time oftMne anger omsoard, i.e. when 
 thine anger has once broken out. 
 (2.) used absolutely, formerly, in 
 times past, long ago, 2 Sam. 15: 34. 
 Is. 44:8. 45:21. 48:3, 5, 7. also 
 from ancient times, Prov. 8: 22. 
 
 l^|iSl and ilTfi< Chald. to kindle, heat. 
 Part. pass. JiTN, Dan. 3: 22. infin. 
 t^,, with suflf. nn^., 3: 19. 
 
 1l^ Chald. found only Dan. 2:5,8 
 NnV^a ^IJ2 fi<lT^ the word from me 
 is fixed., i. e. my command is un- 
 changeable. So Aben Ezra com- 
 pares the Talmudic N':jti< robiir, fir- 
 mitas. Perhaps the command has 
 goneforthfrom me, making '11N=^TH 
 
 to depart, go out ; comp. Dan. 9: 23. 
 Is. 45: 23. 
 
 "^y^^, m. (Syr. for II'TN) hyssop^ a 
 bunch of which was used in the sa- 
 cred sprinklings. Ex. 12: 22. Lev. 
 14:4,6,49,51. This word, like 
 the names of many other oriental 
 plants, passed from the eastern na- 
 tions to the Greeks. Comp. Greek 
 vaao}nog. 
 
 lITi;^ m. (Syr. for 117N) verbal irom 
 ^Tij, dec. III. g. 
 
 r. girdle. Ps. 5: 27. Jer. 13: 1 ff 
 2. fetter. Job 12: 18. Vulg. funis. 
 
 '^TISS adv. i. q. tfij then. Ps. 124: 35. 
 The Chald. 'j'^'iN is nearly related 
 to this word. 
 
 rnSTi^^ f verbal from Hiph. of ^r)T 
 dec. X. praise- offering or remem^ 
 brance-effering, i. e. in the ritual 
 language, that part of the meat-of- 
 fering which was burnt. Sept. 
 f-ivtifioGwov. Vulg. memoriale. Lev. 
 2: 2, 9, 16. 5: 12. 6: 8. [15.] Num. 5: 
 26. The priest took from the meat- 
 offering a handful of the flour, some 
 of the oil, and the whole incense, 
 and burnt them on the altar to Je- 
 hovah. The rest fell to the priest ; 
 see Lev. 2: 2, 3, 9,10. In Lev. 24:7, 
 the incense scattered on the shew- 
 bread is also called ln^3tM. This 
 
m 
 
 n 
 
 ^m 
 
 word is a verbal, (or strictly speak- 
 ing-, Chald.infin.Aphel.) from '^"STrt. 
 Comp. ns'lb "T^^iri ^^ hwrn incense^ 
 Is. QQ: 3. a technical expression of 
 the ritual service. 
 
 I. 7T^, fut. '''::Tn for "^^.ti^n, Jer. 2:36. 
 also "ib bt^^ Prov.20: 14. 
 
 1. To go away. Prov. 20: 14 
 bViiri^ ti^ "ib btk goi7ig his way^ then 
 he boast eth Jer. 2: 36 why goest thou 
 away so much ? 
 
 2. to go away^ disappear ; applied 
 to the drying up of water, Job 14: 
 11. to the consumption of the arti- 
 cles of living, 1 Sam. 9: 7. to the dis- 
 appearing of succour, Deut. 32: 36. 
 
 ^T^. Chald. 1. to go. Ezra4:23. 5:8,15. 
 2. to go away. Dan. 2: 17. 6: 19. 
 
 II. "JTS^ to spin^ weave. (Comp. Tal- 
 mud. i^^5bT^5 a weaver; and Syr. and 
 Arab. bT^ to spin ; and see letter ^, 
 p. 1.) Part. Pu. bt15<73 something 
 spun or woven. Ezelt. 21: 19. 
 
 / / / 
 "jT^J i. q. Arab (oAa to weigh, whence 
 
 tD']:TJ^'73 scales. In Heb. found only 
 in Pi. "jTN to weigh, examine. Ecc. 
 12:9. In Rabbin. "jTiS: to be weigh- 
 ed, proved. 
 
 *J)'.'^ m. dec. V. b. found only Deut.23: 
 14. implement, utensil. In Chald. 
 TV.^. denotes arms, weapons, a very 
 
 kindred idea, from Aram, "j^t, ^' 
 to arm. 
 
 JT^ f. dec. VI. p. Dual D'^itN. ear ; 
 freq. s "^P.T^S 'ns'l to speak in the 
 ears, i. e. in the presence, of any 
 one. Gen. 20:8. 23: 16>. 44:18. 
 Ex. 10: 2. Hence 
 
 Hiph. pTJin denom. from "JT^ to 
 hear., give ear., to perceive by the ear ; 
 construed with an ace. Gen. 4: 23. 
 .Job 33:1. with \, Job 34:2. with bi^., 
 Ps. 77: 2. with b?, Prov. 17: 4. with 
 "^^ Num. 23: 18. of the person or 
 thing heard. 
 
 2. applied to God anthropopathi- 
 
 cally, to hear. Ps. 5: 2. 17: 1. 39: 13. 
 54:4. In both these significations 
 it is used almost solely in the more 
 elevated poetic style. 
 
 3. to hearken to, obey. Neh. 9: 30. 
 Ex. 15:26. 
 
 Note. The i^ quiesces and falls 
 away in y\i^ for l^fNi*, Job 32: 11. 
 I^TTD part, fo'r ptiJJ^, Prov. 17: 4. 
 
 ^"^i^!^. with prosth. N, i. q. d'^pT 
 chains, fetters. Jer. 40: 1, 4. In 
 verse 1, the i< is wanting in several 
 
 MSS. 
 
 "ITiJ, fut. STiS:.; . 
 
 1 . to gird, to gird up or about ; 
 spoken of a garment, with an accu- 
 sative of the person, Job 30: 18. 
 with an ace. of the part girded, 
 Job 38: 3 '^'^:ibn iJ^2"^ k\ gird up 
 thy loins, i. e. make thyself ready. 
 40:7. Jer. 1: 17. 
 
 2. to gird on, to gird one'^s self, 
 construed with an ace. of the thing, 
 1 Sam. 2 : 4 b'^H niTiJ they gird 
 themselves with strength. 2 K. 1:8 
 niTi^ ^iTi^ girded with a girdle. 
 
 Niph. to be girded about. Ps. 65: 7. 
 
 Pi. to gird, construed with a dou- 
 ble accusative of the person and 
 thing. Ps. 18:33, 40 b-.n "'S'-l.TN^ 
 thou hast girded me with strength. 
 Comp. 30:12. Is. 50:1 1 nip''T "'^.ti^^ 
 girded, i. e. armed, with fiery darts. 
 Comp. other verbs of clothing ; e.g. 
 
 Hithpa. to gird, arm one's self. 
 Is. 8: 9. with an ace. Ps. 93: 1. 
 
 ^T*1T5^ i.q.S^'i'iT the arm(with prosth. ^, 
 see letter is,' p. 2.) Jer. 32: 21. Job 
 
 31:22. 
 
 ri1T^5 m. verbal from H'nT to rise, 
 sprout up. 
 
 1 . a tree still standing in its origin- 
 al soil and not transplanted. Ps.37:35. 
 
 2. a native, one born in a place, not 
 a foreigner, indigena. Lev. 16: 29. 
 18:26. 
 
 '^^11T^^ a patronymic noun (from 
 
 tr^TN!,.) an Ezrahite, descendant of 
 
n 
 
 ^ 
 
 irtH 
 
 JElzrah ; applied to Ethan, 1 K. 5: 
 
 11. [4:31.] Fs. 89: 1. and to Heraan, 
 Ps. 88: 1. Both of these persons 
 were descendants of Zerah (iTiT) 
 the soo of Judah, 1 Chr. 2:6; 
 whence Until, is probahly only 
 another form of the name rf^T.i 
 which became the usual one in the 
 patronymic. 
 
 1. Hfi^ m. prim. irrc^. const, and be- 
 fore grave suff. "^rji?., with light suff. 
 
 ''n:^, '^^HN, i"'ti>^, ^D^m ; Plur. 
 &"'n^, (for D^nN) const, and before 
 grave suff. '^r'Jl, with light snff. 
 
 "ri^, "^^tiN, yr\ii^ iTiJ^., (for vni^) 
 
 1. brother ; freq. When it is not 
 important to fix the exact degree 
 of kindred, it denotes also a half 
 brother^ Gen. 42:15. 43:3. but the 
 more accurate expression for the 
 latter is nJJ 12, fiJJ I?.. Sometimes 
 with emphasis an own brother^ Gen. 
 44: 20. 
 
 2. cousin, kinsman of any degree. 
 Gen. 14: 16 Lot^ his brother^ i. e. his 
 nephew. 13:8. 29: 12, 15. 
 
 3. one belonging to the same tribe, 
 contribulis. 2 Sam. 19: 13. The Le- 
 vites are so called in respect to 
 each other, Num. 8: 26. 16: 10. 
 Neh. 3: 1. 
 
 4. fellow countryman. Judg. 14: 3. 
 Ex. 2: 11. 14: 18. Also kindred na- 
 tions are called 0*^0^ ; e. g. Edo- 
 mites and Hebrews, Gen. 9: 25. 16: 
 
 12. 25:18. Num. 20:14. 
 
 5. confederated, bound together by 
 a league; e. g. Tyriaus and He- 
 brews, Am. 1: 9. 
 
 6. friend, companion. Job's friends 
 are so called. Job 6: 15. (19: 13. ?) 
 Hiram gives this name to Solomon, 
 1 K.9: 13. Comp. Neh. 5: 10, 14. 
 
 7. neighbour, fellowman, i. q. yi. 
 Lev. 19: 17. Hence following after 
 ii*^??, one, another ; alter, alter. Gen. 
 13: 'll rnij V?^ ':;^fi< the one from 
 the other, from one another. 26: 31. 
 Ex. 16:15. This mode of expression 
 is applied also to inanimate objects 
 
 of the masc. gender, Ex. 25: 20 and 
 
 the faces of the cherubim were ui'"i^ 
 T'ni< bi< towards one another. 37: 9. 
 8. It is applied metaphorically to 
 persons and things which have re- 
 semblance. Job 30: 29 lam a broth- 
 er of the jackal, i. e. I moan like him. 
 ProV. 18:9. Ezek. 18:10. 
 
 II. n&5 interj. of lament. Ah! alas! 
 construed with the dative, Ezek. 6: 
 11. 21:20. [15.] 
 
 ill. n^ f. (comp. Arab. ^? ardeo) a 
 
 firepan, such as is employed in the 
 east for warming chambers. This 
 pan,called in Pers. and Turk, tennor, 
 or tendur., is placed in a small cavi- 
 ty in the midst of a winter apartment; 
 when the fire is burnt down, a cov- 
 er, like a dish, is placed upon it, 
 and round the whole a carpet is 
 spread to retain the heat. Jer. 36: 
 22, 23. 
 
 ^I^? Chald. brother, as in Heb. Plur. 
 with suff. ^""nkN, Ezra 7: 18. 
 
 -i^nfi^ m. {fatherh brother) proper 
 name of a king of Israel about the 
 year 900 before Christ, character- 
 ized as a weak prince and an idol- 
 ater. 1 K. 16: 28. 22: 40. He was 
 followed on the throne by his two 
 sons Ahaziah and Jehoram in suc- 
 cession, but his family was after- 
 wards utterly rooted out by Jehu. 
 
 QTlfi^ plur. found only Is. 13:21. a 
 species of howling animals, perhaps 
 owls, or uhus, comp. tlt^ interj. of la- 
 ment. According to others : howl- 
 ings, lafnentations. So the Sept. 
 
 J^^i not found in Kal, but instead 
 of it lU to unite. 
 
 Hithpa' Ezek. 21:21 [16]"'imni^ 
 unite thyself, i. e. rage with united 
 strength, (addressed to the triple 
 sword.) 
 
 infi^, ra. cont. im ; and riH^ (for 
 rririN) f. in pause nnj^.. 
 
 1. one ; freq. 
 
 2. first Only in numbering the 
 days of the month, (the use of the 
 
\m 
 
 24 
 
 irts 
 
 cardinals for the ordinals is gener- 
 ally limited to notices of time ;) e.g. 
 Ezra 10: 16, 17 UJ^hi? nPN ni*' the 
 Jirst day of the month^ i.q, 'CJnn^ "^HJita 
 on the first day of the mouthy Gen. 8: 
 5, 13. In other passages, e. g. Gen. 
 1:5. 2 11, the usual signification is 
 retained, as in Lat. unus, alter^ ter- 
 tiusj e.g. Suet. Oct. 101. 
 
 3. any one^ some one. Di^il '^^^f 
 one of the people, ^m b, ^HN ]\\ 
 710 one. Hence 
 
 4. it is used in later Hebrew for 
 the indefinite article a, an. 1 K. 20: 
 13 nnc^. ^^''1: a prophet, n^oifrjTrjg 
 Tig. Dan. 8: 3 "ini< p-'^S a ram. 1 K. 
 
 ' 19:4. 
 
 5. When doubled, one^ the other. 
 Ex. 17: 12. 18:3,4. sometimes re- 
 peated thrice, 1 Sam. 10: 3. Also 
 when repeated, used distributively, 
 one apiec., one by one., one each. Num. 
 
 13: 2. nts^r nnjt u:\n "in^ ^^t^^ one 
 
 man from each tribe. 34: 18. 
 
 6 "jni<3 as one, together, in com- 
 pany. "Ezra 2:64. im3 !:rj;?lri-b3 
 the whole congregation together. 3: 9. 
 6:20. Ecc. 11:6 nHNS D^^r^p both 
 alike. Is. 65: 25. The same sig- 
 nification has ^m J:;\N3 Judg. 20: 8. 
 
 1 Sam. 11: 7. In Chald.j^nns idem. 
 
 7. nln^ (d^'S being omstteVl) once. 
 
 2 K. 6: 10. Ps~.'62: 12. nm^ idem, 
 also i. q. inwNf3 together, Jer.' 10:8. 
 also at once, 'suddenly, Prov. 28 : 
 18. 
 
 Plur. d''^nN 1. the same. Gen. 
 11:1. 
 
 2. joined in one. Ezek. 37: 17 
 the two sticks D'^inNb VH shall be- 
 come one. 
 
 3. some, several ; hence a few^ 
 Gen. 27: 44. 29: 20. 
 
 ^.n^ m. Gen. 41:2, 18. Job 8.11. 
 Grass, reeds, growing in marshy 
 grounds, and forming pasture for 
 cattle. The word is of Egyptian 
 origin, and is also preserved in the 
 Greek of the Sept. (Is. 19: 7.) and 
 ofSirach (Ecclus. 40:16.) in the 
 form * A%hi, \Axi" Jerome on Is. 
 19: 7, says: Quum ab eruditis 
 
 quaBrerem, quid "A%fi' significaret, 
 audivi, ab iEgyptiis hoc nomine lin- 
 gua eorum omne quod in palude vi- 
 rens nascitur significari. See Ja- 
 blonskii Opusc. ed. Te Water. T. I. 
 p. 45. T. 11. p. 160. 
 
 nirifi^ f. dec. X. information, argu- 
 ment, defence. Job 13: 17. It is a 
 verbal from the Hiph. of 5Tiln to in^ 
 form, of which in Heb. only the 
 Piel, but in Chald. the Hiph. or 
 Aphel occurs. 
 
 niri&^ f denom. from tlN no. \. broth- 
 
 erhood. Zech. 11: 14. 
 n'^'ini^ Chald. explanation Dan. 5: 
 
 12. Strictly infin. Aph. from !nin 
 
 to shew, explain. 
 
 'n'^Hi^^ dec. III. 1. hinder side, back part. 
 Only in plur. d'^nirtN Ezek. 8- 16. 
 1 K. 7: 25. In the singular it is us- 
 ed adverbially and signifies (1.) be- 
 hind. Ezek. 2: 10. 1 Chr J 9: 10. 
 Antith. D"'3S before. (2.) back, back- 
 wards. Gt'n. 49: 17. Hence r|r?l, 
 aTD3, "lin^^, to decline, fall away, 
 particularly from the service of 
 God. So ^inijb, Jer. 7: 24. Hence 
 
 2. the west side, antith. Q'lp,. Is. 
 9:11. Also adverbially, westward. 
 Job 23: 8. 
 
 Note. The Shemite in speaking 
 of the quarters of the heavens, sup- 
 poses his fi\ce turned toward the 
 east ; so that the east is before him, 
 the west behind, the south on the 
 risfht hand, etc. Comp. ])3''n, fi'ij?., 
 
 3. the future, time to come ; hence 
 "^irnhfor the future, Is.41:23. 42:23. 
 
 mrii^ f (for n^ni< from masc. nnJ< 
 Chald. and Arab, for "^inN!.) irreg. 
 const, and before suff. n'ltli^ (once 
 nrfnj^ Num. 6:7); Plur. with suffixes, 
 rf^ni'riwN:, Dp.''ninN\ etc. (as from a 
 sing, mm) ; also ^ni^HN, T^r1^"'r^^?t 
 drr''nn'*n55, etc. (as from a sing. 
 
 r. sister; freq.* 
 
 2. one more distantlrj related, 
 
tnx 
 
 25 
 
 im 
 
 kinswoman. Job 42:11. In Gen. 
 24: 60, the mother and brother of 
 Rebekah say to her, rii< ^inTHN 
 thou art our sister, 
 
 3. It is applied figuratively to 
 kindred states, Ezek. 16: 46. 23: 31. 
 and kingdoms, Jer. 3: 7, 8. 
 
 4. It is used as a word of* endear- 
 ment to an object beloved. Cant. 
 4: 9 ff. 
 
 6. female companion, i. q. ri'15'*^ ; 
 freq. Hence 
 
 6. with Tl^S^ preceding, one^ 
 another ; altera, altera. Applied 
 also to inanimate objects of the fem. 
 gender, Ex. 26: 3 five curtains shall 
 be joined rTnnM"bfi< tlTZJN one to an- 
 Other, verses 5, 6, 17. Ezek. 1:9. 
 3:13. 
 
 7. It is used figuratively in such 
 phrases as Pro v. 7: 4 say to wisdom, 
 thou art my sister. Job 17: 14. Comp. 
 the other names of kindred, espe- 
 cially SN no. 7. riij no. 8. 
 
 THfiJ, fut. fm"" (rarely Th*?.1 1 K. 6: 
 10. Ecc. 7:18.) 
 
 1. to seize, lay hold of ; constru- 
 ed with an accusative, Judg. 12: 6. 
 with 2, Ex. 4:4. 15:14 THfiJ !:"'n 
 ntbbB "^i'dJ"^ terrour seizes the inhabit' 
 ants of Philistia. v. 15. Ps. 48: 7. 
 Also inverted, Job 18:20 d"':'iJD'7j? 
 ^?i? ^^t!^ the forefathers lay hold of 
 
 fear, i. e. fear lays hold of them. 
 21: 6. So the Arabians say : cepit 
 metum alicujus rei. 
 
 2. to take^ catch, in hunting, fish- 
 ing. Cant. 2: 15. Ecc. 9: 12. 
 
 3. to hold; construed with an ace. 
 1 Chr. 13: 9. 2 Chr. 25: 5. with 2, 
 Gen. 25: 26. ^'1'7 tllN to pursue one'^s 
 course. Job 17: 9. Part. pass, with 
 act. signification. Cant. 3: 8 "^mJl 
 ^in holding the sword. 
 
 4. to bind^ join, fasten. (The 
 ideas, to take, to hold on, to adhere, 
 are combined in many verbs ; comp. 
 nsb and pj^b in Hithpa. and iu 
 Greek, ij(Ofic((, zivog to adhere to 
 any thing, ixofievog connected. (Ezek. 
 
 41:6 n-aJTf ^yz D''t^n^^ n'^rr'-N'-T 
 ' '- 4 
 
 but so that they were not fastened in the 
 wall of the temple. 1 K. 6:6. Hence 
 
 5. to close, fasten, bar, as in Syri- 
 ac, Neh. 7:3. 
 
 6. i. q. Lat. contigno, to bind beams 
 together, to cover a house. 1 K. 6: 10 
 he covered the house with cedar-wood, 
 Comp. uJSn Hab. 2: 19. 
 
 7. to take out, (from a great num- 
 ber,) particularly passively to be 
 drawn out by lot. (The same sig- 
 nification has the synon. 15b in 
 Niph. and also Tlli* in Ethiop.) 
 Num. 31: 30 of the children of Isra- 
 
 eVs half u^)iiJ2nrj-'\72 T^inij 'itiN, njpn 
 
 take one out of fifty, verse 46. 1 Chr. 
 
 24: 6 "iJi^bJ^b i^m ^nj$ n^J-n'2 one 
 
 family was drawn from Eleazar. 
 
 Niph. 1 . pass, of Kal no. 2. Ecc. 
 9: 12. 
 
 2. pass, of Kal no. 3. Gen. 22: 13. 
 
 3. to take possession. Gen. 34: 10. 
 47:27. Josh. 22:9, 19. Comp.de- 
 riv. JlTHN, and also Syr. inij to pos- 
 sess. 
 
 Pi. i. q. Kal no. 5. to close. Job 
 26: 9 he closes, i. e. covers, the face 
 of his throne, 
 
 Hoph. pass.of Kal no. 4. to be fas- 
 tened. 2 Chr. 9: 18. 
 
 THi^ m. proper name of a king of Ju- 
 ^ah, contemporary with Isainh, Ho- 
 sea, and Micah, a weak prince and 
 an idolater. 2 K. 16: 1 ff. 2 Chr. 
 28:16 ff. Is. 7: 1 ff. 38:8. Sept. 
 
 linX f, verbal from im, dec. X. 
 possession. Gen. 17: 8. 23: 4. See 
 7m Niph. no. 3. 
 
 "^^yPA and 'in^JTni^ (Jehovah has 
 seized) prop. name. 1. son of A hab, 
 king of Israel. 1 K. 22:40. 2 K. 
 1: 2. 2 Chr. 20: 35. Sept. 'Oyo^iag. 
 2. sonof Jehoram, kingof Judah. 
 2 K. 8: 24. 9: 16. 2 Chr. 22: 1. He 
 is called in 2 Chr. 22: 6, niT'^^TS? an 
 evident corruption ; for 12 MSS. 
 Sept. Syr. Vulg. and Arab, retain 
 the usual name. The same p( Ton 
 is also called TrtJ^iS-J"" i. q. n!TtnJ< 
 
mm 
 
 26 
 
 inK 
 
 by metathesis, 2 Chr. 21 : 17. ^n^, f^^ n^^j, ^^jth DagesJ. 
 Here too the Sept. Syr. Chald - - - ^ 
 
 Arab, and cod. Kennicott. 332 are 
 in favour of ^n;^ttli<, but the com- 
 mon Heb. text may be retained, as 
 the two names are synonymous. 
 
 n^l^Tli?^ Chald. with prosth t^, i. q. 
 Heb. 'nn"n nrft^/e. Dan. 5:12. 
 
 forte implied;) Plur-d'^^ri^t, ni^im, 
 (as if from ^HJ^.) other. ^riJ< bfij an- 
 other or strange God^ i.e. an idol. Is. 
 42; 8. Deut. 6:14. 7:4. 8:19. Ps. 
 16: 4 n*lJl^ ^nj? they hasten to an- 
 other^ i. e. they decline from Jeho- 
 vah to idols. 
 
 ^r.^.^'H^^^ m. {brother of the king) nn>^ i. originally a subst. ^/le /ii'nf/er 
 
 prop. name. I. a priest at Nob 
 and friend of David, 1 Sam. 21:2. 
 22: 9. Ps. 52: 2. and afterwards a 
 chief priest under him, 2 Sam. 8: 
 17. He is probably the same per- 
 son with n^HN, as each of them is 
 called a son of Ahitub. Comp. 1 
 Sam. 14:3, with 22:9. 
 
 2, a Hittite, companion of David. 
 1 Sara. 26: 6. 
 
 '^b^^? Ps. 119: 5. and '^'^.H^ 2 K. 5: 
 3. adv. of wishing". O that! would 
 God ! Probably derived from libn 
 
 ri^VriN* f. Ex. 28: 18, 39: 12. name 
 of a precious stone, which the Sept. 
 Vulg. have translated ccfiUduGTog, 
 amethystus. In its form, it is a ver- 
 bal from the Hiph. of D^n to dream; 
 hence the story of the Rabbins that 
 this gem has the property of caus- 
 ing dreams. 
 
 i^rj^n^ Ezra 6: 2. Ecbatana^ capital 
 of Media, and summer residence of 
 the Persian monarchs,probably near 
 the modern Hamadan. 
 
 in^ to stay., tarry. Hence 1 pers. fut. 
 '^PN, Gen. 32: 5. 
 
 i*i. ^riij. fut. 'nrii^r to tarry^ de- 
 lay^ as in Kal. Judg. 5: 28. Ps. 40: 
 IB. construed with ^ before the 
 infin. Deut. 23: 22. with an ace. 
 Ex. 22: 28 the abundance of thy grain 
 thou shah not delay^ i. e. hold back. 
 
 2. to abide long., tarry late. Pro v. 
 23:30 ']";*ln-^:^ n->-jni<:q who tarry 
 
 part. Plur. 2 Sam. 2: 23 "'ini^a 
 n'^3tTn rsoith the hinder end of the 
 spear. 
 
 2. adv. (1.) behind. Once Gen. 
 22: 13, (where, however, the Sa- 
 mar. text, 42 Heb. MSS. Sept. and 
 Syr.favour the easier reading 'ini^.,) 
 Vulg. post tergum. (2.) more fre- 
 quently, afterwards. Gen. 18: 5. Ex. 
 5:1. Num. 19:7. Also adverbially 
 in this sense ""nri.Ji, Prov. 28:23. 
 
 3. prep. Plur.'''''^m, with suff. 
 
 "''^tl'^n '''^"^f.^1 ^^c* (^O o.fter.f behind. 
 Thus"^rifi5 "^^^n to go aftery to fol- 
 low. Hence, in a geographical 
 sense, to the west of (comp. lirfii 
 no. 2.) Ex. 3: 1 west of the desert. 
 (2.) after ^ since^ construed with an 
 infin. Gen. 5: 4. with 1'^tt and a 
 finite verb. Josh. 9:16. Judg. 11: 
 36. (3.) )D '^m (literally after it 
 was 5,) upon 'that, afterwards. 2 
 Sam. 2: 1. Hence ^u;^{ -j^ "^.tliJl 
 (liter, after it was so that^) after., as in 
 Lat. posteaquam for postquam., Gen. 
 6: 4. Also ^\pN beins omitted, 2 
 Sam 21: 10. coniip. 'JS-^^for]^-^^ 
 'I'^JN! under art. ',3. 
 
 Combined with other prepositions 
 (1 ) "'nlriNTq/roAW after., away from. 
 2 Sam.'20"2. 2 K. 17:21. Also, 
 the force of ]^ being lost, simply 
 behind., after, Ex. 14: 19. Josh. 8: 2. 
 Ecc. 10: 14. Jer. 9: 21. hence 
 15 "'Itl^^? afterwards, 2 Sam. 3: 28. 
 (2.) "^Vn^ bi< behind, construed with 
 an ace. 2 K. 9: 18. (3.) "^^P,^ ^^ 
 
 behind, construed with a dative, 
 Ezek. 41: 15 
 
 late at the wine. Is. 5: 11. Comp. 
 
 Ps. 127:2. ^ 
 
 3. caus. io retard^ hinder. Gen. IIIH^, fem. H ,denom. from'iPky, 
 24: 16. with adj. termination "ji, dec. I. b. 
 
tSHw^^ 
 
 27 
 
 r:i^ 
 
 \. hinder. Gen. 33:2. Hence twes^ 
 crn, (see *iinN no.2.) liiriNri D^n 
 the western sea, i. e. the Mediterra- 
 nean, in opposition to the eastern 
 or Dead sea, Dent. 11:24. 34:2. 
 Joel 2: 20. 
 
 2. following, future. Ps. 43: 1 4. 
 78:4, 8 linnN '^i'^ the future gene- 
 ration. linti^ DT* </ie following 
 day, or ime io come, Prov. 31: 25. 
 Is. 30. 8. Plur. d"':hnfi$ posterity, 
 Job 18:20. Ecc. 4: 16.* 
 
 3. last. Is, 44:6 I am the first, arid 
 I am the last. 2 Sam. 19: 12, 13. 
 
 The fern, stands adverbially for 
 a second time, Dan. 1 1: 29. with pre- 
 fix h and s, afterwards, Deut. 13: 
 IO.'Ecc. 1: 11. 
 
 ^'I.rj.^ prep. ChaW. after, as in Heb. 
 
 ban. 2: 29. 
 "^"IHiJ adj. Chald. another. Dan. 2: 
 
 '39."7: 5, 6. 
 I'^'in&J adv. Chald. Dan. 4:5 [8] 
 
 J^nniJ n>' a i/<e last, finally. 
 D'^'ini^ f. denom. from ^HN, dec.I.b. 
 
 1. last, hindermost, or remotest 
 part. Ps. 139:9. 
 
 2. more frequently of time, end, 
 latter end. Deut. 11:12. Job 8: 7. 
 42: 12. Prov. 5:11. (Antith. n"'-i;j<>) 
 Prov. 5: 4 T\^12 nrT^iriN /ter encf, 
 i. e. the end which the adulteress 
 leads to, is hitter; comp. 23: 21. Es- 
 pecially a happy end or conclusion, 
 23: 18. 24: 14. 
 
 3. futurity. Frequently in the 
 phrase D'^^^il rT^^^HNn m process 
 of time. Is. 2:2. Gen. 49:" 1. Mic. 4:1. 
 
 4. as a concrete, posterity, remains. 
 Dan. 11:4. Ps. 109: 13. Am. 4:2. 
 9:1. Ezek. 23:25. 
 
 n'^'infi^ Chald. end, as in Heb. Dan. 
 
 2:28. 
 pHi^ Chald. another. Dan. 2: 11. 
 
 I T i; X 
 
 J^'^?1*^^. adv. from 'JT^tlN. backwards. 
 
 Gen. 9^23. 1 Sam. 4:18. 
 Q'^jEn/MpHN masc.plur. Est. 3:12. 
 
 8:9. 9:3, etc hi^h satraps, chief 
 
 governors, Persian officers nearly 
 analogous to the present Turkish 
 pachas. These satraps or high sa- 
 traps had the civil and military ju- 
 risdiction over several smaller pro- 
 vinces, each of which had its own 
 tirs governour. The word is of 
 PeVsian origin, and probably com- 
 pounded. The first part u:rNi is 
 
 the Pers. (^jJ^a^-i excellence, worth. 
 (See the following articles.) But 
 the latter part is perhaps more 
 uncertain. The letters agree very 
 well with 'i^{i'^'^ </ doorkeeper. porter, 
 or a courtier generally ; but the ex- 
 planation is to be preferred, which 
 
 makes 'jB^'i^a = ;i"',^U3 or Pers. 
 c c 
 
 y^J^KMi a satrap, with the termina- 
 tion 1-, as in n^3'np,^n^t. 
 
 "pjSn/lpniS;, masc. plur. Chald. i. q. 
 Heb. Dan. 3: 2, 3, tl. 6: 2, 3. 
 
 tDTIIIpnN}, a name or title which is 
 given to several different Persian 
 kings. Dan. 9: I. Ezra 4: 6. Est. 1:1. 
 The signification of the first part of 
 this name has just been given in 
 the preceding article. The latter 
 part is either UJTia, Pers. (jf'-^ r^ 
 or (jVjji* -^ prince, (in and ) be- 
 ing commuted, see letter 2,) or 
 Pehlvi, Zwaresch [a hero.) 
 
 Q'^DiriiDnN plur. masc. mules of a 
 superior breed. A Persian word com- 
 
 pounded ofQAXr^j excellence, price, 
 and j\V.AA*/f imde. Est. 0: 10. It ap- 
 pears from what follows that they 
 were bred between an ass and a 
 mare. 
 
 nn>^_ see "HN. 
 
 l^^ subst. from obs. t:t:t<. agoing soft- 
 ly or slowly. Hence tjj^. m^b, t:^^b, 
 for the most part used adverbially, 
 (1.) slowly, softly, applied to walk- 
 ing, 1 K. 21:27. to the running of 
 water, Is. 8: 6. Gen. 33: 14 '^t:&<^ in 
 my slow pace, i. e. gradually as Tarn 
 accustomed to go. (2.) mildly, gent- 
 
^ifc^ 
 
 28 
 
 ^M 
 
 hj. 2 Sam. 18: 5 -nysb "b-DN^ deal 
 gently for my sake with the lad'. Job 
 15: 11 Tiis^ DJib ^m and our Ian- 
 guage so full of mildness to you. 
 
 U^tiDi^ masc. i^\ur. conjurers, magicians. 
 Once Is. 19:3. The root t:t:N sig*- 
 nifies in Arab, to make a geniIe\oise, 
 to mutter, and in this derivative has 
 reference to the muttering over of 
 magical spells. Comp. '^n!:. 
 
 JUK m. name of a prickly shrub, the 
 southern buckthorn, Christ^s thorn, 
 rhamnus, {rhamnus paliurus, Linn.) 
 Judg. 9: 14, 15. Psalm 58: 10. In the 
 
 Arab. ^Ai^f , but more frequently 
 
 5 > o ^ 
 
 I^Di^^^ m. (Syr. for "j^DNi.) dec. III. g. 
 found only Prov. 7: 16 d';'ii^ )'^'^^. 
 Egyptian tapestry. In Chald. I^U^, 
 sigmiles a cord,rope,instita,somewh-dt 
 kindred to the sense given above. 
 Sept. 'a^qiizana rd 'an AlyvnTOV. 
 Others think it an Egyptian word: 
 athi-ouniaii, {stamen lini ;) whence 
 also the Greek od^ovr], 'ox^ovwv, 
 linen, is said to be derived. 
 
 Dl3X to shut, close, stop, e. g". the 
 mouth, ears. Prov. 17:28. 21:13. 
 n^;^t3^{, D'^aibln dosed windows, i. e. 
 prob. lattices inserted into the wall 
 in such a manner, as not to be raised 
 or opened, Ezek. 40: 16.41: 16,26. 
 The same is somewhat differently 
 expressed 1 K. 6: 4. 
 Hiph. idem. Ps. 58: 5. 
 
 It^iJ, fut. ^t:J^^ to shut, close. Once 
 PsT69:16. In Arabic this verb has the 
 kindred signif. to surround, to enclose. 
 
 Ilpi^ verbal adj. from 'nl^i^. bound,im' 
 peded, followed by I's'^^J'^ 'l^, bound in 
 his right hand, i. e. only left-hand- 
 ed. Judg. 3: 15. 20: 16. The verb 
 in Arabic, Conj. v. signifies to be 
 bound, hindered. 
 
 ^^^ 1. adv. of interr. prim, where? 
 
 with suff. InS^.i^ where art thou ? Gen. 
 
 3: 9. i*N where is he ? D'^J^ where are 
 
 ihey ? !n*.!^ is synonymous with '^i<{. 
 
 ,^.Connected with other adverbs or 
 
 with pronouns, it simply gives them 
 an interrogative signification, just 
 as 'n'ipN: gives them the force of re- 
 latives.* Comp. in English, wherein 
 for in which. Hence (1.) Jit "^i^ 
 who? what? Job 38: 19,**' 24.' 
 2 K. 3: 8. also where ? (from tit 
 here.) Est. 7: 5. 1 Sam. 9: 18. 1 Ki* 
 22: 24. In the indirect inquiry, 
 Ecc. 11:6. Also as one word tir^. 
 see below. (2.) }1T73-'^J< whence? 
 from what? Gen. 16:8. Job 2:2. 
 Jon. 1:8 Q5J "n^iz;;"^^ from what peo-^ 
 pie ? 2 Sam. 15: 2 ^"'S? nt^. ''i^from 
 what cityl (3.) niS'tb "'N on what ac- 
 count ? (from nJSitb on this account.) 
 Jer. 5: 7. Several other adverbs 
 are joined with "^iNt ; but always 
 in one word. See riD''i<, niD'^N, 
 riD'^iJ. (3.) In Prov. 31: 4** the ICe- 
 ri ^ijt is usually explained as i. q. 
 I^ii^ not. But we may retain the 
 usual sense of this word and trans- 
 late the clause thus : and it is not 
 becoming for princes to %diy, Where is 
 strong drink ? 
 
 ! '^i^?? more frequently in plur. D'^'^it, 
 (once y\i!\ Ezek. 26: 18.) m. (feni. 
 perhaps Is. 23: 2, unless we consid- 
 er it as an instance of the constructio 
 ad sensum, as is the case with K^ 
 in the preceding verse,) by contr. 
 for '^)M verbal from friN = Arab. 
 
 (^y to take for an habitation, to in- 
 habit, (comp. "^3 for ^"33, "^y, ''^.) 
 
 1. habitable, dry land, in opposi- 
 tion to water. Is. 42: 13 "^n^quj 
 C'^i^b inline / will make the rivers 
 dry 'land ; comp. 43: 19, 20. 47: 2. 
 50:2. 
 
 2. coast, shore, sea-coast of Ash- 
 dod. Is. 20: 6. of Tyre, 23: 2, 6. of 
 Chittim and Elishah, Ezek. 27: 6, 7. 
 
 3. island. Jer. 47: 4 'linSS **< 
 isle of Caphtor, i.e. prob. Cyprus. 
 d'flJl "^^^N the islands of the sea, Est. 10: 
 l.^Antith.^'iJ^ main land; comp. Ps. 
 97: 1. Particularly did the Hebrews 
 employ d^^'^.i^, also D'^n^ln ''*^. (Gen. 
 10: 5.) and b'iri ''^N to denote the is- 
 lands and remote coasts of the west, of 
 which they had acquired an obscure 
 knowledge through the navigation 
 
tr^m 29 V^N 
 
 oftbePhenicians. Gen. 10: 5 Ps. -sjj ^^^ ^^^ ^f ^^^^ bj^j j. 
 
 'u'u'? i'" f."".","'.'!; rj cof''' prey, perhaps a falcon, hawk, or 
 
 ^'t^i'.i'ip'-Jt'f. ^n''- -" Lev. Ilfl4. 'job2^:7. 
 
 Ezek^ 26:15, 18. 27:3 15. Dan. Sept. ,W,V, and ^6^,. Vulg. vultur. 
 
 11:18. The idea IS made clear by .^/^ ' ^ 
 
 a paraphrase, Jer. 25: 22 'nm "^i^ ^ I ? m. /o6, the hero of the book 
 
 D^n -^3^3 Often perhaps** in a ^^'^^ bears his name occurring 
 
 mVre general sense, remote coasts, ?^^ ^f ^- V^-'J/%^^:,. ^he name 
 
 distant lands, lands beyond sea ; the *^ P^'^ probably fictitious, having 
 
 Hebrews having in mind the vast reference to the description which 
 
 extent of country to the west. Is. *' ^'l^"" ^^ ^'^ ^'^^ f,^ ioAxme, and 
 
 40: 15. 41: 5. 42: 15. 49: 1 etc signify ingpcmcu<ed,(namely, by ad- 
 
 nk^ ^^^ ' verse fortune,) from i'^i^. Comp. 
 
 . ^ (for ^IX verbal from tm= ^i^^ born from 1^^ io be'a?. Anoth- 
 
 ^P '^ er explanation,viz. senore^zpiVce/i^is 
 
 Arab. (JP^I i. q. cJ^C to howl.) 1. given by the Koran, (Sur. 58: 40, 
 
 subst./ioTO/ing. Hence as a concrete, 44.) The eastern people, at the 
 
 the howler, or a jackal, so called present day, consider him as a real 
 
 from his doleful howling, especially person and a descendant of Esau ; 
 
 at night. Found only in the plur. but their opinion is not couclu- 
 
 tD"flN Is. 13: 22. 34: 14. Jer. 50: 39. sive evidence. 
 
 In Arab, he is called cJjff (j>i\ son P^}^^^ f. proper name of the wife of 
 
 of howling i. e. the howler. Ahab, king of Israel, notorious for 
 
 2. adv. or interj. alas ! Ecc. 4: her cruelty, her persecution of the 
 
 10. 10: 16. prophets, and her introduction of 
 
 ni.'^fi^ adv. not. found only Job 22- ^^^ worship of the Phenician Baal. 
 30, ind in the proper name 'is:D-"'fi 1 K. 16: 31. 18: 4, 13. 21: 5 if. 2 K. 
 
 {inglorious) 1 Sam. 4:21. In Ethi: ^'^ ^', ^'"''/^/ """?" ^^"^Z/^ 
 op.\nd Rabbin, idem. ^^^^/^* P*^"^''^^^ derivations of this 
 
 ^^ ' word have been proposed, but none 
 
 J_ to hate, be an enemy to. found on- of them is certain. 
 
 ly Ex. 23:22. Part. 3''iN enemw, >-n>i.s , o j u 10 m a, n 
 Adversary, Gen. 22: 17. 49: 8. somfl ^V^- "f^ > i^^^S: 19, 24. Com- 
 times as a participle governing the P,<><''' f 'h^ mterrogat.ve par- 
 case of its verb, 1 Sam. 18: 29 ar.i8, *"=''' ''? (* ' "- ^O ="<* ''I *' 
 *TlTnN an enemy of David. Fem. ^^^how ? by contr. for llin'^ij. Gen. 
 nil'}Mfemaleadversary,Mic.l:S,lO. 26:9. Sometimes as an Vterj. of 
 nii^'ij f. verbal from n-'i^, dec. X. lament. Ah how, Ps. 73: 19. Is. 14: 
 enmity, hostility. Gen. 3:''l5. Num. ^- ? ^^c- 2:16 Ah how dies 
 35:21. Contracted from ns'^fi^, as the wise man with the fool! Usedin- 
 n^"ifi< from rI^:.^^.. ""' definitely, Ruth 3: 18. 2 K. 17: 28, 
 
 I'^fijJ. m. dec. I. a. distress, ruin, destruc- *^T^. compounded of "^ij no. 2. and 
 
 tion. Job 18:12. 21:17. 30:12. Tl^ I q. Ti^ here, thus, {.where? 
 
 Frov. 1: 26, 27. 6: 15. The root 2. how .^ Deut. 1: 12. often as an 
 
 1^J in Arab, signifies to press, bend interj. Ah how. Is. 1: 21. Lam. 1: 1. 
 
 down; and its derivatives oppres- Used indefinitely, Deut. 12:30. 
 
 o, misfortune. nb\N(. 2 K. 6: 13 Keth. or ^=^^E Keri. 
 
 n" i. q. "^ji where? (with In para- idem. 
 
 lT,'r^L^PlV'^t''fi%'l- ^^^'^ ^^ Cant. 5: 3. Est. 8: 16. 
 3. 9. 18: 9. Used indefinitely, Nah.3: ?^ , . 
 
 17. Job 15: 23 he wanders about for , ^'"^^^ '^. ^"^ ^?^=i^? ^^ -^ <^^w^- 
 
 bread n*^ where it may be found. 7^}^ m. dec. VI. f. 
 
!?^^^ 
 
 30 52\>< 
 
 1. ram. Gen. 15:9. Plur. D'^l:^i< the tribe of Dan. Josh. 10: 12. 19: 
 Ex. 25:6. See root biN. * " 42. 21:24. Judg. 1. 35. 
 
 2. a technical expression in arch- 2. a city in the tribe of Zebulun- 
 itecture, the exact meaning of which Judg. 12:12. 
 
 has not yet been discovered. 1 K. nn^^iNi en** H^'^Jii 
 6: 31. Ezek. 40: y If. 41: 3 ff. Cotnp. ^ ^^^ * '^ "Vt 
 inChald.N^SDD^bfiit forO^SDrrni/itN ^^<^^. f. dec. I. a. i. q. "b"^^ force, 
 Is. 6: 4. These\")assages will have strtngih.- Once Ps. 22: 20. bee b^i*. 
 the clearest sense, if we render this D^^J.^ an j i^^X m. Plur. D'73>'^fiS and 
 word /Ji7/ar5 or z/asfer5, with which l.-"-.,.^ ^ "..^.-v.. i. // '"/* 
 the doors and walls ot the temple ~v \ j ' 
 
 were ornamented. The name bVN . ^"'^* ^"^'^- ^' 
 {ram) may refer perhaps to the 'j'^^^i^ m. Chald. tree. Dan. 4: 7, 8 ff. 
 twisted form of the ca{)ilal, as e. g. "j^ corresponds to the Heb. pKN fur- 
 in Corinlhian pillars. Vulg. fronles, pentine-tree, but has this wider" sig- 
 Luth. Erker; neither of which suits nification. 
 
 the connexion. More plausible is .1,^.. ., ' ., 
 
 the explanation of Corceius, pro-^''-^. ^eut. 2: 8. also n-lb*^N, n"l^ii 
 
 jcctnraparietis in imo prominentis. 1 K. 9: 2G. 2 K. 16: 6. Elatfi^ci well 
 
 u^M, , , r I ^ . . ./ known port in Idumea, in Greek 
 
 .^^^m. verbal horn obs.h^ii. strength. ^,i^^^%^^ Mlah. It lies on a 
 
 Once Ps. 88: 5. bay of the ArUbian gulf, to which it 
 
 'P*2?. m. vorbal from b^i, dec. I. ^i^'^ name. 
 
 plur. n"^r^N}. X.the mighty, noble. Ex. flp^i^ fem. of }:''i^. female deer, hind. 
 
 15:15. Ezek. 17:13. 2 K.24:15 Keri. ''j^^ ^^^ Orie'ntals it is used as a 
 
 2. turpentine^tree terebmthus, for ^^^^ of endearment to a wife. So 
 
 which the fem. t-:b^N: is more com- p^,^^ ^. jg ^.^^ ^j^l^ ^^ p^ ^^--^ 
 
 mon. So in the prop, name b\\ nn^^ri n^JJ ^^ is of difficult inter- 
 
 j-j.NC, Sept. TQi^tvi)og z^g (l)aQav. pretation. Perhaps after the hind of 
 
 Gen. 14:6. Plur. D'^^'^N Is. 61: 3. </ie f/n*y?i, i.e. to be sung aftera song 
 
 -^^hv* r. j' ^ \ or tune called the hind of the morn. 
 
 i-A ffs (tiirnentine-trees) proper name ^ t> l- 7 /-.i j 
 
 - r "C J i r ^u Comp. n"15p. by A2na of the dawn. 
 
 of the second encampment of the * ' *^ -^ ' 
 
 Israelites, after they left Egypt, perhaps the sun is meant, which 
 
 with 12 wells of water, and 70 palm the Arabian poets sometimes call 
 
 trees. Ex. 15:27. 16: 1. Num.33: gazelle. Were it a note of time, 
 
 9. Now called Girondel, a valley then the best explanation consists 
 
 well watered, and abounding in palm ^^ the Rabbin, i^yy^^^^ i^n^r^^N break 
 
 trees. ^ofday. 
 
 Tj!^ com. (fem. e. g. Ps. 42: 2.) prim. ^^^' fem.H^'^^?., adj. terrible, dread- 
 
 ^stag.hart. Deut. 12: 15. 14: 5. Is. >^- Hab. 1:7. Cant. 6: 4, 10. In 
 
 35: 6. Plur. d*^_ Cant. 2: 9, 17. Chald. Pa. D^N to te/rify. 
 
 fhj'^_ fem. of b>N. hind. Gen. 49: 21. !^^/^^. {^ot ^^12^^) f. verbal from obs. 
 
 (here as an epicene joined with a ^1^i cJec. X. 
 
 masc. participle.) Plur. m'b^NNconst. E terrour. Deut. 32:26. The 
 
 n'^b''^^ 2 Sam. 22: 34. Cant. 2: 7. genitive following is often to be un- 
 
 ^Chv* ~ / *. -r V derstoodpassively, Prov. 20:2 n^s^JJ 
 
 pP\\ {turpeniine-tree, see "jlh^J ^):J2 the terrourivhich a king causes. 
 
 prop, name of a city in the tribe of job 33: 7 in73''N/ear of me. With 
 
 Dan. Josh. 19: 43. 1 K. 4: 49. ^ p^^^^ ^^^,^^ ^^ I5. ^q^ pi^r. 
 
 'j'l::^^^. (from b^N, as if deer pasture) ni Ps. 55:Y. and d^Ps. 88: 16. 
 proper name! 1. a Levitical city in 2. Plur. 'D'^72p i^jdols. Jer. 50: 38. 
 
3\Nt 
 
 31 
 
 &\NI 
 
 Literally objects of fear or terrour ; 
 comp. e. g. n^i^DID. 
 S'^'Q*^!^^ and ^^^^. W^ur. masc. Ernims, 
 an ancient people, the original in- 
 habitants of Moab. Gen. 14:5. 
 Dent. 2: 11. As an appell. the ter- 
 rible ones, the strong ones, Cliald. 
 fortes. 
 
 I. 'j']N, const. ]^^;f properly a subst. 
 nothingness^ defect, non-existence, 
 (comp. Y^J^i) hut more frequently 
 used as an adv. of negation. 
 
 1. nof, but constantly including the 
 subst. verb to he in its various per- 
 sons and tenses , of course i. q. ikb 
 ij\ Gen. 37:29 ^122 ^Dr-]"'2i 
 Joseph was not in the pit. Num. 14: 
 42. It deserves particular remark 
 (I.) that if a personal pronoun is 
 the subject of the proposition, it is 
 suffixed to this word; whence the fol- 
 lowing forms arise ''i:''J< f am, or was 
 not, ^2\n:, ']rc5, ^:?.\s, nsrN, Dsrij, 
 02"*^^, i^?.''i?.- These sutiixes here 
 express the subject or nominative. 
 (2.) Since yi^ includes the subst. 
 verb, it is very often joined with 
 the participle. Ex. 5: 1 6 In: "j^N pn 
 straw is not given. Josh. 6: 1 1"*J< 
 &?21''J<"i i^:!!"^ there was not any one gO' 
 ing out and coming in, i. e. no one 
 went out or came in. Lev. 26: 6. 
 JVb one is often expressed in this 
 manner ; see Gen. 4 : 8, 15, 24, 39. 
 Deut. 22: 27. (3.) ^'b 'J''N mihi non est 
 is the usual exj ression tor I have not. 
 Construed with ^ and an infin. it of- 
 ten signifies it is not permitted ; 
 e. g. Est. 4: 2 H^i'Dh ]^i< it is not 
 permitted to enter. Ruth 4: 4. Ecc. 
 3: 1 4. {4.) 'd^i^ I'^iJ 710 man, "j'^^{ 
 M72iJ73, ^IT ]\Nt nothing, ^3 yii^ 
 nothing at all. Num. 11:6. Ecc. 1:9. 
 2. If there is no other predicate 
 of the proposition, 'j']i$ includes the 
 predicate itself, and signifies not to 
 be, not to exist, net to be extant. 1 
 Sam. 9: 4 and they passed through 
 the land of Shalim ]";n"I and they 
 were not there. 10: M. 1 K. 18: 10. 
 
 Frequently with suff. which express 
 the subject ; e.g. ^I^'^i^t he was 
 no more tor he lived no longer. Gen. 
 5:24. 42: 13,3^, 36. 
 
 3. nothing, often, as above, in- 
 cluding the verb. 1 K. 8: 9. Ps. 19: 
 7. ri<^ to nothing, Is. 40: 23. 
 
 4. without, for the more full 'j'JNZ, 
 Ex. 21:11. Joel 1:6 "nEpT^ "pij 
 without number, 
 
 5. Combined with prepositions 
 are (1.) T'^i^a literally in the non- 
 existence of, hence before that, with- 
 out. Frov*. 8: 24 n'i':ann-]''N2 6c- 
 
 fore the floods were. Ezek. 38: 11 
 n^nn j''N2 without walls. Prov. II: 
 14^. 15: 22." 26: 20. (2.) "j^wNS liter.a- 
 brnit nothing, hence nothing was want- 
 ing, almost. Ps. 73:2. Parall. t3^733^ 
 about a little, little was wanting, al- 
 most. (3.) j'^kNtb to him who .... not 
 for j-'ij nUJNb, ls.40: 29. Neh. 8: 10. 
 2 Chr. 1 i: 10. so that not. Ez- 
 ra 9: 14. 2 Chr. 20: 2b. (4.) ^-^i^fz 
 because .... not. Is. 50: 2. so that .... 
 not. Is. 5: 9. barely not, Jer. 10: 6, 
 7. 30: 7. (Concerning the double 
 negation, see -j^ ) 
 
 Note. If we consider "^^i^ as a 
 subst. in the absolute state, and j"'^? 
 as a subst. in the const, state, the 
 reason will he seen why the former 
 stands only at the close of a propo- 
 sition, but the latter only in con- 
 nexion with something following ; 
 e. g. Num. 20: 5 'J'^N U\J2 ivater was 
 not there, which inverted would be- 
 come D".^ "i^fij, as in Ex. 17: 1. 
 
 11. 'J'^ii^ adv. of interr. where ? i.q. "^Jt, 
 "^i*, with paragogic [, (comp. "^Ti*, 
 lll^.i) found only with prefix 12, 
 ]';^173 whence ? Gen. 29: 4, etc. 
 
 'J'^fi^ found only 1 Sam. 21: 9. i. q. 'j\N{ 
 nof, but here used interrogatively 
 for ip^n is there not ? 
 
 nS'^fi^? more rarely MSijJj dec.X. f. a 
 corn measure, containing 3 seahs or 
 10 cmers. Ex. 16: 36, Its definite 
 capacity is not known. Joisephus 
 (Antiq. xv.l 2.) compares it with the 
 
tr)\N^ 
 
 32 
 
 n'^i^ 
 
 Attic medimnus^ which is about a 
 Berlin bushel. That it was a con- 
 siderable measure appears from 
 Zech. 5:6 ff. lnQ"^N1 ns""^ two kinds 
 of measure^ Pro v. 20: 10. 
 
 iTlS'^fi^^ (compounded of ""ij and K 
 here^ thus^) where ? Ruth 2: 19. how ? 
 Judg. 8:18. used indefinitely, tsj/iere, 
 Jer. 36: 19. 
 
 ii^lS'^iSt i. q. JS^1Di5< now, then. Judg. 
 9: 38. 
 
 tD'^i^ m. prim, irreg. Plur. very rare- 
 Iy*D''t''i^ (Ps. 141:4. Prov. 8: 4.) but 
 instead of it is commonly used Q'''jJDi< 
 const."' jpDN (from an obs. sing. lb2i<= 
 c:i:N; maw.) 
 
 1. ma/i, i. q. Lat. mr. Some- 
 times used collectively and constru- 
 ed for the most part with the plu- 
 ral ; e. g. Judg. 8: 22 \Ij'^^^ n^l^JS^'-^l 
 'uJ*] then spake the Israelites. Often 
 in apposition before other substan- 
 tives, as D^^D l3"i< an eunuch, Jer. 
 38: 7. Used as an appropriate de- 
 signation of sex, even in animals, 
 Gen. 7 : 2. hence a husband, Gen. 
 3:16. Hos. 2:18. [16.] 
 
 2. joined with many substantives, 
 especially those which designate 
 quality, it denotes a possessor of 
 that quality, or some connexion 
 with the thing expressed by the 
 noun ; as pi^ ^::'^^^ a wicked wretch, 
 a"'3T^?3 '^"^i^ a contentious man, UJ'^i^ 
 T\l2rbl2 a warrior. 
 
 o" followed by inN or ^^^, the one 
 
 the other. See HM and 5*^. So 
 
 Ui"'i< repeated, Is. 3: 5.' 
 
 4. any one, some one. Ex. 16: 29. 
 Cant. 8: 7. See Gr. 205. 
 
 5. every one. Ex. 16:29. Gen. 
 40: 5. In this signification the signs 
 of cases are often omitted, Num. 
 26: 54 'jn';" :3"'N to every one shall be 
 given. Instead of this stands also "ii'^iX 
 '^^t<, Ex. 36: 4. UJ'^i^T '25^^, Est. 1: 8*. 
 See Gr. 204. The repetition of 
 "li^i^ also expresses distribution, 
 Num. 1:4. See Gr. 179. 
 
 6. used impersonally like the 
 French on or Germ, man, 1 Sam, 9: 
 
 9 formerly in Israel "a3''J^lrj i;^N*!n'3 
 man said thus, i. e. it was thus said. 
 See Gr. 219. 
 
 7. -ij^N '32 in oppos. to D'^^^ "^ss, 
 see d'lij no. 1. (2.) 
 
 'jltD^'i^m. (according to others, com. 
 comp. Ps. 17: 8.) dimin. from **23''N, 
 dec. I. b. 
 
 1 . homulus, mannikin, little man ; 
 joined with^^^, Deut. 32: 10. Prov. 
 7: 2 the little man in the eye, i. e. 
 the apple of the eye, so called from 
 the little image of himself, which 
 the beholder sees therein. This 
 beautiful figure is found in many 
 languages of the ancient world. 
 
 Arab. Qkj^X)] (jUuJ) [man of the 
 
 eye.) Greek koqti, yiogaaiov ; Lat. 
 pupa, pupilla, pupula; {little dam- 
 sel, puppet.) The more full expres- 
 sion is 'J'J^-n? "\Viii^^ the little man, 
 daughter of the eye, Ps. 17:8. see 
 n?. 
 
 2. figuratively middle (So in Ar- 
 
 5 c 
 
 abic,^^^ apple of the eye, stands 
 for middle, head, summit.) Thus 
 Prov. 7: 9 middle of the night. 20: 
 20 midst of darkness. In the last 
 passage the Keri reads p^N time, 
 a gloss which gives a very unsatis- 
 factory explanation. 
 
 lirT^i^ m. found only Ezek. 40: 15 
 Keri. entrance, verbal from inn^ i. q. 
 
 ' X X * 
 
 Ni2 to come, to enter. In the Kethib 
 1^nN^ Yod is transposed. 
 
 '^ri'^>5 Chald.i.q.Heb.uJ;; ; from which it 
 is formed by changing 'i3 into n, pre- 
 fixing prosthetic N, and annexing 
 the termination '^ , (comp. tn, 
 
 i. It has the force of the subst. 
 verb to be, in all its persons, particu- 
 larly the third. Dan. 5:11 "'n'^fi^ 
 ^n^Db'52 'niij there is a man in thy 
 kingdmn. 3: 12, 25. With the par- 
 ticiple it forms a periphrasis for the 
 finite verb, Dan. 3: 17. If the sub- 
 ject of the proposition is a pronoun, 
 
r\^^ 
 
 33 
 
 TDM 
 
 it is suffixed to "^n'^N in the follow- 
 ing manner ; ^^n^^ thou art^ '^nin\^ 
 he is, t<jrpi< we are, ]i3"'n\N ye are, 
 Dan. 2': 26. 3:14, 15, 18. The 
 suffix pronoun of the third person 
 is often pleonastic, Dan. 2: 11. 
 
 2. there exists^ is found, is ex- 
 tant. Dan. 2:10, 11. 3:29. 4:32. 
 [86.] 
 
 3. with 'b, / have^ mihi est. Ez- 
 ra 4: 16. 
 
 P5;^\"l''&^ m. (for Vn ^m God is with 
 me, or for Vi< '^n''^ there is a God,) 
 prop, name, found only Prov. 30: 1. 
 Ithie! and Ucal were prohablyAgur's 
 scholars or children, to whom he 
 
 ' directed his instructions. 
 
 "H^ri*^!^ m. {island of the palm-tree) 
 proper name of a son of Aaron. 
 Ex. 6:23. 28: 1. 
 
 ]n*^i^ adj. and subst. dec. I. prob. ver- 
 
 bal from obs. )Ti'l= Arab.(j*!) per- 
 ennis et indesinens fnit aqua. 
 
 1. constant, lasting, never failing, 
 perennis, applied especially to wa- 
 ter. Deut. 21 : 4. Am. 5: 2 irHD 
 'jn''i< a never failing brook. Also 
 without bn: idem, IK. 8:2 n*}!: 
 D'^^nNSl the month of flowing brooks, 
 (otherwise called Tisri,) which cor- 
 responds to part of Sept. and part 
 of October. In a neuter or ab- 
 stract sense, it is used substantively 
 and placed after another noun as a 
 genitive, Ps. 74: 15 -jn^Nt ni-)Jl3 i/ie 
 never failing streams. Hence the 
 stream, channel itself, Ex. 14: 27. 
 
 2. firm, strong, mighty. (This sig- 
 nification is kindred to the preced- 
 ing.) Jer. 5:15 ]n''ij "^TH a strong 
 nation. Job 12: 19 d'^3n''M the tnish- 
 ty. Vulg. optimates. (33: 19?) As a 
 subst. firmness, strength. Gen. 49: 24 
 in'ijp "jn^w^S ndn his boxv abides 
 strong. 
 
 3. prob. hard, inflexible ; hence, 
 (by a common association of ideas 
 in the Shemitish languages,) harsh, 
 severe, pernicious. Prov. 13:15 the 
 
 5 
 
 tvay of transgressors is pernicio^is. 
 So Luther: bringtwehe. Job 33: 19 
 'jn\Nf T"'?^^?'. ^'^'^ <^e contest in his 
 bones is severe. 
 
 4. rock, (perhaps only poetical- 
 ly,) literally something fast, firm, 
 solid. Mic. 6: 2 V"^i< "^10173 D'^DDi^n 
 ye rocks, foundations of the earth. 
 Jer. 49: 19. 50:44 :n"'N Tl'^l dwells 
 ing of the rocks^ (comp. 49:16 
 
 5. proper name of nn Ezrahite, 
 (see T)"'iTi,) celebrated for his 
 wisdom, 1 K. 5:11, [4:31,] and 
 supposed author of Ps. Ixxxix. 
 
 '^Nt conj. prim. 1. only. Gen. 7: 23. 
 Ex. 10: 17 D^Brj y^ only this once. 
 Deut. 16: 15 n^i!) ^is only joyful^ 
 i. e. entirely joyful. 
 
 2. but, yet, nevertheless. Gen. 20: 
 12. 26:9. Lev. 11:4. Often in 
 strong antitheses, but on the contra- 
 ry, nay rather^ imo vera, quin, Is. 
 14:15.43:24. 
 
 3. scarcely, only just now. Gen. 
 27:30. Judg. 7: 19. 
 
 4. also. Gen. 9: 4. 
 
 5. indeed, certaifily, surely, in the 
 beginning of a proposition, i. q. "S. 
 Is. 19: 11. Job 16:7. 19:13. Ps. 
 139:11. 
 
 1!2fi^ name of a city built by Nimrod. 
 Once Gen. 10:10. Sept. ' AqiolB. 
 According to ihe Targums, Jerome, 
 and Ephrem Syrus, Nisibis in Me- 
 sopotamia. Ephrem Syrus, howev- 
 er, reads 'iDJ^ . 
 
 Dpl^ verbal adj. from atS. deceitful ; 
 hence particularly a deceitful brook, 
 (opposite of '}n''N,) which, drying 
 up suddenly, disappoints the travel- 
 ler who visits it Jer. 15: 18. Mic. 
 1:14. We may suppose bt^3 brook 
 to be understood. 
 
 D'^TDi^ [deceived, deception.) prop, 
 name. 
 
 1. a maritime city in the tribe of 
 Asher, between Acco and Tyre, 
 Ecdippa, now Zib. Josh, 19; 29. 
 Judg. 1:^1. 
 
^3J 
 
 34 
 
 !:5 
 
 2. a city in the tribe of Judah. 
 Josli. 15:44. Mic. 1:14. Comp. 
 
 n'^fs , and jinrb 
 "^TJ^5 m. adj. Comp. Syr. ]f*'\.D vir 
 
 strenuus, 
 
 1. darings bold. Job 41: 2. 
 
 2. hostile; substantively an enemy. 
 Job 30: 21. 
 
 3. cruel., unmerciful. Lam. 4: 3. 
 
 4. destructive., pernicious, applied 
 to poison. Deut. 32: 33. 
 
 ^*]TD^5 denom. from 'nt:D^{, with adj. 
 termination >__ . 
 
 1. cruel., uiimerciful. Prov. 6:9. 
 11: 17. Jer. 6: 23. 
 
 ^. destructive., pernicious. Prov. 
 1 7: 1 1 messenger of destruction., i.e. 
 one who brings awful tidings, e. g. 
 the sentence of death, or the like. 
 Is. 13:9. Jer. 30: 14. 
 
 ri^^"iT!j^5 f. denom. from "^TiDN, see 
 
 Gr. 130.2. cruelty., fierceness^ ap- 
 plied to anger. Prov. 27: 4. 
 
 !^P*^^^|I^ f. verbal from '^'ya^. food, what 
 
 is eaten. { K. 19: 8. 
 'D'^lDi^ m. proper name of a king of 
 
 the'Philisline city Galh. 1 Sam. 21: 
 
 11. 27:2. 1 K. 2:39. 
 
 75^? fut. ^5i<-> and b:Di<"' ; see art. 
 inw\ note 1. 
 
 1. to eat ; applied to men and 
 animals, and construed with an ac- 
 cusative. When construed with 2, 
 it signifies to eat of partake of Ex. 
 12:4345. 48. Judg. 13: 16. Zech. 
 11:1. Applied figuratively to the 
 sword, (comp. ns ,) 2 Sam. 2:26. 
 to fire, Num. lb: 35. 26: 10. to hun- 
 ger, pestilence, and sicknesses, Job 
 18.- 13. Ezek. 7:lp. The follow- 
 ing phrases ought also to be notic- 
 ed (1.) Dn^. b^ij to eat bread, i. e. 
 to take a meal. Gen. 43: 16, 25, 32. 
 Jer. 41: 1. 52:33. Comp. Mai. 15: 
 2. (2.) lira ^55$ to eat the flesh of 
 any one, i. e. to seek for one's 
 life, spoken of blood-thirsty ene- 
 mies, Fs. 27:2. comp. Job 19: 22. 
 
 (3.) to eat oneh own fleshy i. e. to 
 waste away, Ecc. 4: 5. (4.) Jer. 15: 
 1 6 thy words came to me, and I did 
 eat or devour them, i. e. I received 
 them eagerly. Hence the figure 
 of eating a book, Ezek. 3: 1 ff. 
 
 2. to consume, destroy; e. g. a peo- 
 ple, spoken of an enemy, Deut. 7: 
 16 t]^3^'ii-l:3"T)i< nbSNl and thou 
 shalt destroy all the nations. Jer. 10: 
 25. 30: 16. 50:7, 17. 51:34. Hos. 
 7: 7 ari^ulQUJ-nN ib^i^ they have de- 
 stroyed or killed their magistrates. 
 Hence also d'^*:?' ^5^^ to consume 
 the poor or unfortunate, to prey upon 
 their property, or, as we by a simi- 
 lar figure say, to drain their bloody 
 Prov. 30:14. Hab. 3:14. 
 
 3. to enjoy; e. g. sexual pleasure, 
 Prov. 30:20. Construed with 2, 
 Job 21: 25 iinitan b5J< i<bl and does 
 
 T T ; 
 
 not enjoy good. 
 
 Niph. b^iJ^.?. passive of Kal ; also 
 to be permitted to be eaten, Lev.l 1:47. 
 
 Pu. pass, of Kal. Neh. 2: 3. 
 
 Hiph. b^^DNiJi, fut. b'^^N!^, once 
 1 pers. sing. i^D^ii (Hos. 11:4.) in- 
 fin. b^^Nltl, once b'^rjn (Ezek. 21: 
 33. [28.] ) Concerning :it-|bifi<n, see 
 Gr. 60. 5. 
 
 1. cans, of Kal, to give to any one 
 to eat, to feed, construed with two 
 accusatives, Ex. 16:32. Num. 11: 
 18. Prov. 25: 21. io give to enjoy, 
 Is. 58: 14. 
 
 2. i. q. Kal, to consume ; spoken 
 of the sword, Ezek. 21:33. [28.] 
 of fire, Job 20: 26. 
 
 Hoph. found only Ezek. 42: 5 
 ^b^i'' for nb^i<;^ they were made 
 shorter, they came short, literally they 
 were cut off. Comp. ija to cut off^ 
 to eat, and intransitively to come 
 short, to fail. 
 Deriv. out of course biN)3, nb.^i^'s 
 
 ^!DNl , fut. b^N^. Chald. to eat, as in 
 Heb. Concerning the phrase b^fi*. 
 1"'}*1p to accuse, calumniate^see V^p," 
 
 ^P&5 m. verbal from bSiJ , dec. VI. m. 
 
b^ 
 
 35 
 
 b^ 
 
 food, particularly grain, produce of^^ ^^^^ .^ j^ 
 the field, Gen. 41: 35. 42: 7, 10. r ' ' 
 
 ^^iinrnn n^rnP. spp V>*..v . ^^ ^^^. ". Verbal (with participial 
 
 l prop, name, see Vi^.'^n^N . 
 
 n^^ij fem. of l:Si^./oocZ. Gen. 1:29, 
 
 30*.' 
 1?,^ i.q. "j^. thus^ with 2< prostb* 
 
 1. trull/, certainly. Gen. 23: 16. 
 Ex. 2: 14. Jer. 8:8" 
 
 2. 6m<, yer. Ps. 31: 23. Is. 53: 4. 
 
 Vfl_^ (Comp. Syr. *.ai)] solicitavit) 
 
 to urge on to labour. Once Pro v. 16: 
 26. Vul^. compulit. 
 
 f]p5< or Cl!3fi*?, with suff. "'s^fi?, prob. 
 i. q. P\S hand. Once Job 33: 7 my 
 hand cannot lie heavy upon thee. 
 Sept. 'tj yfSiQ fiov. Comp. 13:21. 
 In the form P]^^^, the ^^ would be 
 prosthetic, as in Chald. ]5N=')a gar- 
 den. The form S]DJj may be illustrat- 
 ed by comparing u:nfiJ=UJn. Oth- 
 ers : my burden^ the weight of my 
 character ; comparing Chald. P]3^J< 
 ephippium, sella equi; and Arab. 
 
 <~X3 T clitellas imposuit. 
 n3&5 m. dec. I. ploughman, farmer, hus- 
 bandman, h. 61: 5. Jer. 14:4.31: 
 24. The root nDN signifies in Arab- 
 ic, conj. V. fov earn fodit, and is cog- 
 nate with nns. 
 
 T T 
 
 Pf^^.^ a city in the tribe of Asher. 
 Josh. 12:20. 19:25. 
 
 7i^ from obs. bb^t, strictly a subst. 
 nothingness, but by usage only a par- 
 ticle of negation. 
 
 1. lest, that .... not, especially 
 before a future, to express a prohi- 
 bition, dehortation. Gen. 43: 23 
 !lJ5*'n''n-bi< fear ye not. 15: 1. Ps. 
 40: 'l 8 nnj^n-^M delay not. Gen. 
 19:7,8. '" 
 
 2. i. q. Nb not, but more rarely. 
 Am. 5: 14. 
 
 3. nay, no. Rath. 1:13 "'nba bii 
 no, my daughters. 
 
 4. nothing. Job 24: 25. 
 
 5. interrogatively for bin. 1 
 Sam. 27: 10. 
 
 an. 2: 24. 
 
 form) from obs. b'lN, and synony- 
 mous with b'^N, dec. I. a. 
 
 1. strong, mighty. Ezek. 31:11 
 D'^i5 bij the mighty one, \. e. the 
 prince, of the nations. Plur. &''bi<J, 
 Job41:17.[25.] Ez.32:2ld^-5i2^ ^^N 
 the strongest of the heroes. The 
 reading b'^ij is also found in all these 
 passages. * (Is. 9: 5 ^n^s.! bN the 
 mighty hero ; see Gesenius' Jesaia, 
 p. 25.?) 
 
 2. as an abstract noun, strength, 
 power. Only in the phrase -u;^. 
 "''1'^ bj^b it is in the power of my 
 hand, or in my power. Gen. 31: 29. 
 Prov. 3:27. Mic. 2:1. and nega- 
 tively Tjn; bNb I'^fi^. it is not in thy 
 poxoer, thou camt not help thyself, 
 Deut. 28: 32. Neh. 5: 5. 
 
 3. most frequently God. The 
 name is general, and applied both 
 to Jehovah and to the heathen gods. 
 Is. 44: 10, 15. 45: 20. Frequently 
 with epithets subjoined ; as 'ji'^by bN 
 the most high God, '^'Tij b^ almighty 
 God, ^n bi< the living God, ^T bi<, 
 ^ri>y bi< a strange god, ^iaij bN the 
 mighty God, Is. 10:21. So Is. 9:5, 
 see Rosenraiiller in loc. d''bN ''32 
 Ps. 89: 7. 29: 1 sons of the gods, i. e. 
 angels, subordinate gods, who are 
 also called D^ribN ^zz, Job 1: 6. 
 Whatever was great, excellent, or 
 sacred, the Hebrews were accus- 
 tomed to call divine or frojn God, 
 Thus cedars of God, Ps. 80: 11. 
 mountains of God., Ps. 36: 7. Comp. 
 in Homer, ditog ^Odvaoevg, ^A^iX-' 
 Ifvg. 
 
 Note. Together with the usual 
 form bJ< (from biM,) the Hebrews 
 had also another, after the analogy 
 of verbs fib, which is seen in the 
 proper names, ^b.^'^^Jt, ^T5>"'bN, 
 d'^P^bi^, a^'IJ^bfi^. Concerning such 
 double forms, see Gesen. Lehrgeb. 
 p. 48L 
 
 II.7if, ^fijtln pron. plur. i. q. Sril^ 
 
b^ 
 
 36 
 
 nK^ 
 
 these. Only in the pentateuch and 
 1 Chr. 20: . 
 
 b^, Chald. idem. Ezra 5: 15 Keri. 
 
 111. D^r'^5^_ turpentine-trees^ see Hr^ 
 
 ^ ^'^. prep. prim, with Makkeph 
 
 -i^N.V Plur. ^b.N:. (only poet.) with 
 suff! '^j^, 'rj^^.N, Dll'^bN, etc. 
 
 1. io, a sign of the dative case 
 from which is formed by contrac- 
 tion the prefix i^. 
 
 2. towards, even to^ up to ; e. g. 
 'na'l/a^l-bJit towards the desert^ Num. 
 24: ''\. "t3-;?3'j:^n h^5 w/? ?o heaven 
 
 tit 
 
 38: 22. Comp. Arab, (jam^ co?i- 
 crevit, congelavit, and Heb. iij'^na 
 prob. ice, crystal Job. 28: 1&. bi< is 
 prob. the Arabic article, which ap- 
 pears to have been retained in sev- 
 eral words derived from the Ara- 
 bic ; e.g. D^p^J*. The same is the 
 case with many words in Syriac. 
 This is better than to derive ^N: 
 from ^i;l no 1. 2. strength, powcr\ 
 rendering ::'>^^}:i^ power of hail, i.e. 
 powerful hail.^ 
 
 3. at, on, near ; e. g. DlpTJ VN at ^'? 
 a place. fnb.U; i^i^. at the table, 1 K. ^''"^^^ 1- ^^ 
 
 13:20. DS'^b^f '^DJl behold, I am up- 
 on you, to wit,' for punishment, 
 Ezek. 13:8. 21:8. 34:10. Jer. 50: 
 31. 51:25. also in a good sense, 
 Ezek. 36: 9. 
 
 4. about, concerning, de. Gen. 20: 
 2. Ps. 2: 7. 69: 27. Hence -^^i, 
 ^N ^^'^ to say, hear concerning any 
 one. 
 
 swear. 1 K. 8:31. Hos. 
 4:2." 
 
 2. to curse. Judg. 17:2. 
 
 Hiph. to cause to swear, to require 
 an oath of any one. 1 K. 8: 31. 2 
 Chr. 6: 22. 1 Sam. 14: 24 irjS^n fut, 
 apoc. from iilrfii"^ for Tlb^^- ' 
 
 Deriv. out of course ti^rJ^n. 
 
 11. n'Pi^ as in Syriac, to lament. Once 
 Joef f: 8 "^^tt lament. 
 
 5. in, into ; e. g. ^in^T-bN info -;^^j^J f verbaffrom n^i^^ no. I. dec. X. 
 
 ^ 'l. oa^/i. ilbt<i NTS lo enfer into an 
 oath, to swear, Neh. 10: 29. Hence 
 In^MS i^'^^^( ^0 administer an oath, 
 to take an oath of an}' one, Ezek, 
 17:13. Comp. Virg. Mn. iv. 339. 
 hcec in fosdera veni. ''rVN the oath 
 made to mc. Gen. 24: 41.^ ^ 
 
 2. particularly a covenant con- 
 firmed by an oath. Gen. 26 : 28. 
 Deut. 29: 12, 14. Ezek. 16:59. 
 
 3. imprecation, curse. Num. 5: 
 21. Is. 24: 6. nbfi^rt m-ntj oath of 
 imprecation, Num. 5.21. tl^^b Ti'^'n 
 to become a curse, Num. 5: 27. Jer. 
 44:12. 
 
 the ark, Gen, 8 : 9. 12^-i^i in his 
 heart, 6: 6. 
 
 6. among. iSam. 10:22. Ezek. 2:6. 
 
 7. through. Ezek. 44: 7 through 
 all your abominations. 
 
 8. for, on account of. 1 K. 14: 5. 
 (Gen. 37: 33. ?) 
 
 9. In combination with other 
 prepositions it implies direction to 
 or towards a place ; e. g. ''inj^ sim- 
 ply behind me, "'^ni^ b^it azvay behind 
 me ; "^V'Z bi^. to between me ; b. y^HlO 
 xvithout, on the outside of, with bi;? 
 to the outside of. The exceptions are 
 rare; as 1 Sam. 21: 5"i'i"'-nr|n-b^> 
 in my hand, where bJ< is redundant. 
 
 -.1.. 
 
 So Job 5: 5 1^2 bi< out of; unless T\^j!^^, Plur. d'^bfi^., f. verbal from obs. 
 
 b^N, dec. X. turpentine-tree, pistacia 
 terebinthus, Linn, a common tree in 
 Palestine, which grows to a consid- 
 erable height, and has evergreen 
 leaves with clustering fruit. It at- 
 tains to a very great age, and the 
 earliest history, on that account, of- 
 ten employed single trees of this 
 kind, under special names, to desig- 
 nate particular places. Gen. 35: 4. 
 
 perhaps it signifies even out of 
 
 Note. What verbs are construed 
 with this preposition, is mentioned 
 under the several articles. In these 
 construction?, the preposition may 
 require very diverse interpretations 
 in our modern languages, although 
 the real force of the original word 
 continues the same. 
 
 hail. E^ek. 13:11, 13. 
 
 'O^D^TN^ m. 
 
u 
 
 37 
 
 Ju%. 6: 11, 19. 1 Sam. 17: 2^ 19. 
 2 Sam. 18:9,14. Ezek. 31: 14. It 
 is synonymous with p'^ij . 
 
 In ^fij^ pron. plur. com. gen. these, em- 
 ployed as the plural of Jit and DM T. 
 
 nVjji Chald. idem. Jer. 10: 11. 
 
 Jl'pi^ f. oak. Once Josh. 24: 26. More 
 frequent is y^^. 
 
 npi< m. emph. NJlVil.. Chald. i. q. 
 Heb. i-i-ibN Go(i. Plur. 'j"'ln^Nl. ^^^ 
 ^oc?s, DanV 2: 11. 6: 4, 11, 14,' 23. 
 JTlb^ '^a son of the gods^ 3: 25. 
 
 ^^^. Chald. i. q. ^'iN: (b and "n being 
 interchanged, see letter b-) see, be- 
 hold. Dun. 2: 31 . 
 
 ^^^ (prob. compounded of dJ< and 5ib, 
 comp. Syr. al^l.) if, only in later 
 Hebrew, Ecc. 6: 6. Est. 7: 4. 
 
 niPX na, prim. dec. I. (Comp. Arab. 
 
 ^1 (^k^) to fear, reverence; which 
 is probably derived from the noun.) 
 God, spoken by way of eminence 
 of Jehovah, but also of other gods. 
 Dan. 1 1 : 3739. In the singu- 
 lar, only in the later books and in 
 poetry, Neh. 9: 17. 2 Chr. 32: 15. 
 Deut. 32: 15, 17. very frequently in 
 Job, chap. 3:4. 4:9. 5:17, etc. 
 The later Hebrew in this respect 
 agrees with the Chaldaic and Syri- 
 ac usage. Job 12: 6 Jt^ail '^^N 
 'fT'a nibi^ "who bears the divinity in 
 his hand, i. e. whose fist is his God. 
 Comp. Hab. 1: 11. 
 
 Plur. d''ln'bM. 1. g^ds, in the plu- 
 ral number*. "Ex. 20: 3, 20. Deut. 
 4: 23. Hence godlike forms or ap- 
 pearances, 1 Sam. 28: 13 d"'JibN: 
 
 ascending from the earth, i. e. god- 
 like or spirit-like forms. Also i. q. 
 iD'^JlbN: ^33 sons of God, or kings, 
 Ps. 82: 1, 6. (It has been supposed 
 to designate also magistrates and 
 judges; e.g. Ex. 21:6. 22:7, 8. 
 But Deut. 19: 17 shows that C^tib^. 
 in these passages is God himself. 
 
 whom the priests in their judicial 
 capacity represented.) 
 
 2. as a pluralis excellentiae God 
 in the singular,(comp. D'^2iN,i2''b;^3.) 
 Spoken of a false god, 2 K. 1: 2,3. 
 l^K. 11:33. Ex. 32:4, 23. Judg. 
 16: 23. but preeminently of Jeho- 
 vah. It is sometimes construed, 
 (contrary to the general rule con- 
 cerning the pluralis excellentiaj,) 
 with plural adjectives; e.g. 1 Sam. 
 4: 8. 17: 26. but the verb is almost 
 constantly in the singular, as in Gen. 
 1:1. The exceptions are Gen. 20: 
 13.31:53. 2 Sam. 7:23. Ps. 58:12. 
 The following i)hrases, formed with 
 C^JlbN, are yet to be noticed, 
 
 3. t3''nbNl-]3 son of God; (l.)ap- 
 plied to kings, Ps. 2: 7. 82: 6. comp. 
 2 Sam. 7: 14. also Ps. 89: 27, where 
 David is called the first-born, i. e. 
 the most beloved, son of Jehovah. 
 The ancient nations generall}' sup- 
 posed the kingly power to be de- 
 rived from God ; hence the fre- 
 quent expression in Homer, dcoye- 
 V7]g ^aadfvg ; comp. 11. i. 279. ii. 
 196, 197. To this it may be added 
 that almost divine reverence was 
 paid to eastern monarchs, which 
 led to their being called Gods (comp. 
 Ps. 82: 6. 45: 7, 8.) (2.) In the plu- 
 ral DTlbNl. "^22, applied to subordi- 
 nate gods, angels. Gen. 6: 2. (so 
 Gesenius, but see below.) Job 1: 6. 
 2: 1. 38: 7. (3.) applied to servants 
 or worshippers of God, Deut. 14:1. 
 Ps. 73: 15. Prov. 14:26. Geu. 6:2, 
 (comp. 4: 26.) 
 
 4. d'ilbwN "i;^^ man of God ; ap- 
 plied to* angels,* Judg. 13:6, 8. to 
 prophets, 1 Sam. 2: 27. 9: 6. 1 K. 
 13: 1. and to other servants of God, 
 as to Moses, Deut. 33: 1. to David, 
 Neh. 12: 24, 36. So D'^tlbvX f^-'b: 
 prince of God, spoken of Abraham 
 with reference to his princelv dig- 
 nity, Gen. 23: 6. 
 
 5. great before God, i. e. great in 
 the judgment of God, for very great. 
 Jon. 3: 3 a city great before God, 
 i. e. a very great city. Comp. Acts 
 7: 20. Gen. 10: 9. 
 
ba 
 
 38 
 
 ^^N 
 
 h-hl 
 
 ^^^ m. the sixth month of the He- 
 brew ecclesiastical year, corres- 
 ponding" to part of August, and part 
 of September. Neh. 6: 15. The et- 
 ymology is obscure. 
 
 I^^i^^ m. dec. X. i. q. Sib^ (urpeniine- 
 tree. Gen. 12: 6. Judg. 9: 6, 37. 
 Plur. n'^:iVfi5., Gen. 13: 18. 14: 13. 
 
 *|*l'pii^ m. dec. X. i. q. tit^ oak. Gen. 
 35: 8. Ezek. 27: 6. 
 
 I. Cl'^ >ii verbal from Pi^N, dec. I. b. ^^U^ ^^^^al from 
 
 1. as an adj. tame^ brought up to 
 hand. Jer. 11: 19 P]q>^ t:ns a /a/n6 
 brought up to hand. 
 
 2. as a subst. friend^ confidant. 
 Ps. 55. 14. Prov. 16: 28. 17: 9. Mic. 
 ^: 5. Comp. p|bw\* no. 1. 
 
 3. i. q. Plb.N no. I. ox. Ps. 144: 14. 
 It is an epicene noun of the masc. 
 
 a celebrated prophet, in the time 
 of Ahab king of Judah. 1 K. xvii. 
 2 K. ii. Equally common is ^iT-bJ^ 
 Concerning his reappearance as the 
 forerunner of the Messiah, see Mai. 
 3 : 23, 24. Besides the prophet, 
 there are in the scriptures several 
 other persons of the same name. 
 
 ^^^'^^.^.' *^^'^'^<^. proper name of a 
 friend and disputant of Job. Only 
 Job xxxii. XXXV. 
 
 obs. ^Vn, dec. 1. 
 
 1. as an adj. vain., n//, nothing" 
 worth. 1 Chr. 16: 26. Ps. 96: 5. Lev. 
 19: 4 the nothing-worthy i. e. idols. 
 26: 1. Comp.!:nn. 
 
 2. as a subst. nothingness^ vanity^ 
 weakness. Job 13: 4 b!:2^*"''i^Dh vaiii 
 comforters; comp. Zech. 11: 17. 
 
 gender, even when applied to fe- 'j'^Vis* and ]hi^ Chald. pron. plur. 
 male animals. ^.^^^ ^^^ {'^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^j^^^^^ ^/^^^^ 
 
 II. fi^'^^^ (denom. from ^\!^^ no. II. 2. Dan. 2: 44. 6: 7. 
 
 family.) dec. I. b. head^ of a family D'^p V,i^. {God raises up) prop. name. 
 
 1. a praefectus palatii underHez- 
 
 or tribe.) qukcxg/og, xdlaQXog.^ Zech 
 9: 7. 12: 5, 6. Applied particularly 
 to the heads of the Edomitish tribes. 
 Gen. 36: 15 ff. Ex. 15: 15. 1 Chr. 
 1:51 ff.. 
 
 ^"lyfi^ (in Talmudic, turma hominum) 
 proper name of an encampment of 
 the Israelites. Num. 33: 13. 
 
 ekiah. 2 K. 18: 18. 19: 2. Is. 22: 20. 
 36:3. 
 
 2. akingof Judah, son of Josiah, 
 whose name was afterwards chang- 
 ed by Nechoh king of Egypt into 
 D'^p^i'^ {Jehovah raises up.) 2 K. 23: 
 34. '24: I. Jer. 1: 3. 1 Chr. 3: 15. 
 
 rirj^ found only in Niph. to be cor- t]'ip'^7^^ a Grecian province from 
 rupted, in a moral sense. Ps. 14:3. 
 53:4. Job 15:16. This verb in 
 
 Arabic, conj. Vlll. signifies to be- 
 come sour^ spoken of milk. 
 
 1'^^5^ f. the fat tail of a certain spe- 
 cies of eastern sheep, (ovis laticau- 
 dia, Linn.) which is said to weigh 
 from 12 to 20 pounds. It is placed 
 on a two-wheeled truckle cart, 
 
 which purple was brought to Tyre. 
 This circumstance suits the Pelo- 
 ponnesus, and the name most prob- 
 ably is kindred to Elis, (the Samar. 
 text has u;''i'iM,) which in a wider 
 sense is used for the whole Pelo- 
 ponnessns. Gen. 10: 4. Ezek. 27: 7. 
 According to others : Hellas, See 
 Bocharti Phaleg. iii. 4. Michaelis 
 Spicileg. Geogr. Hebr. T. I. p. 80. 
 
 which the sheep draws after him. 
 
 Lev. 3:9. 7:3. 8:25. 9: 19. ^ See ^'^^^^iS^ m. (perhaps for ?^r^;^^^^ Goti 
 
 Herod, m. 113. Comp. Arab. O '^sees)Elisha, a prophet who wrought 
 
 Cauda ovis adiposa^ (^-'f carnosos 
 dunes habuit vir. 
 
 ir^*^ 
 
 miracles in the kingdom of Israel, 
 successor of Elijah. 2 K. ii. xiii. 
 Sept. Eliaa, 'EXiGoaie, JEhoGa7og. 
 In Luke 4: 27, 'EhaaoTioQ. 
 
 i l\^^^ m. {Jehovah is my God) Elijah^ :) >;^^ Chald. pron. plur. masc. gen. 
 
tibt^ 39 tb^ 
 
 i. q. Heb. M^.fiJ these^ those. Dan. 3: the East Indies. Most probably, a 
 12.13. many Rabbins explain it, refi 5anda/- 
 
 I. bbm an obsolete root, to be nothing, '"'""'' "'''.''='' '" '"<''* ""<' ''*=''*'' ' 
 or"o> no -worth. T>erW. V-Vf, / ^l wrought into various costly vessels. 
 
 "It .,..^ Lk ^ ./. " Others render it corat5, and in Rab- 
 
 7 ^ ' - ' binic the word has this signification, 
 
 II. ^^5J to lament^ see the following but this is to be regarded as a more 
 
 article. extended use of the word, than that 
 
 hU^vi . J -.1- ^i . which it orisrinally possessed. Comp. 
 
 V_.ii mterj. joined with % -wo to me! (.^,^j. ^^^^l^ p-^-*' ^^^ ^ 
 
 Job 10:15. Mic. 7:1. The root ^^ul,., ^ . -t. 
 
 cs 5 1 i^7N Gen. 10: 26. a people or tribe 
 
 VbN, (comp. Arab. Ji,) is synony- in Yemen, sprung from Joktan. A- 
 mous with the more frequent forms rabian authours speak of a Modar^, 
 T(^^^ 1:^'' to lament. (^'T'^) who was descended from 
 
 '^^ J ' . V 1 rr I . . , -r Kachtau or Joktan. if this name 
 L-^S not found in Kal, but its signifi- ^^ ^^e same, then !:t^ may be re- 
 cations appear to have been ,^j ^^ ^^e Arabic article, and 
 
 1. to bind; see Piel.-Deriv. the change of ^ into T as an ancient 
 ^^A , error of the copyist. 
 
 2. passively to be bound., silent^ ^,^Us> r , , /. , . , 
 dumb; see NiphilDeriv. d^.Jj, * ^^C"; ^' ^^^-b^^ ^^^"^ C^. *^o- 1- ^e^- 
 qVj5. ' X. Plur. Q^^- and m'. sheaf ov bun* 
 
 "S. to be solitary., forsaken., widow- ^j^ of corn. Gen. 37:7. Ps. 126:6. 
 ed, (a meaning which is often con- ych^_ m. verbal from D>& no. 3. dc- 
 nected with the preceding ; e. g. in -'rtedjorsaken, widow'ed. Jer. 51: 6. 
 the Arab. |%^^ to be dumb, unmar- '[^''.^ m. verbal from ubH no. ^.wid- 
 
 Tied.) DerivT ^v^, plrN. ^^^^I'^' ^"^ *^- ^^^ ^' ' 
 
 Niph. to be, or leconie dumb, Ps. I- SHD^^fi^ fem. of -jTa^N, dec. XI. a. 
 
 31: 19. 3S: 3, 10. Is. 53: 7. to be si- widowed, a widow. Gen. 38: 11. Ex. 
 
 lent, Ezek. 33:22. 22:21. Lev. 21: 14. 
 
 Pi. to bind. Gen. 37: 7. JJ. p^'^^^t^^^^ ^^^ p^^^ j^ ,3^ 22.paZ. 
 
 n.fij m. prob. verbal from dVn no. 2. ^ces, \. q. m*31.V, as some MSS. 
 
 (im6new. Ps. 58: 2 pn^r d!:N n:72^<rI read (n and b being interchanged.) 
 
 is justice indeed silent ? Ps. 56: 1 See j'lTa'^i^. Perhaps also Ezek. 
 
 fi'^jPn'^ fibij nsi'' the dumb dove a- ]9:7. 
 
 mong 'strangers This appears to n-^DtJ^vV f denom. from ttlbj^, decIU. 
 be the name ot a song or tune, alter 7,' ~ . i ~ 7 ^ 
 
 which Ps. Ivi. was to be sung. c.?\\ir.ti^m^J2^fi. widowhood. Gen. 
 Comp. n>.^.i^. Others : upon the op- 38: 14, 19. Is. 54: 4. 
 pression of distant princes, reading '^D'Q7^ m. some one, a certain one. Al- 
 ^ Db.JJ with other points. '^^^3 joined ^ith .jij^ q. v. It is 
 
 t- >,^5 m. verbal adj. from cbfij no. 2. probably a verbal from dVn no. 2. 
 dec. VII. c. c?mnfe. Ex. 4: 11. signifying literally not named, or 
 
 CVi^ see C^'IK. passed over in silence. 
 
 t^ych^ 1 K. 10: 11, 12. and by me- ^>| ''' V\^' '^'''^ '^'''^ 
 
 tath." n-^TS^abii 2 Chr. 2: 7. 9: 10, 1 1. I^^"^. found only Gen. 14: 1. proper 
 a costly wood, which Solomon ob- name of an unknowu country. Viilg. 
 tained by the way of Ophir from Pontus. A more plausible conjee- 
 
!^^ 
 
 w^< 
 
 40 
 
 m 
 
 ture is Assyria^ although the name 
 'iniZ^i;? occurs in Genesis. 
 
 *)T2Jr;fi^ m. (^God helps) proper name 
 of a son of Aaron and head of a 
 Levitical family. Ex. 6: 23 ff. 
 
 of Bethlehem, chap. 5: 1 'n'^i>2r irrnN 
 
 irri^n^ "^si^i^a *t^*"^^^ ^^o" ^^^ ^^^ 
 
 small to be ranked among the chief 
 
 places in Judah. Comp. P\^^N no. 11. 
 
 Hiph. P|^!:.Nri denom. from pj^^N no. 
 
 1-.I...L..* KwL.-L.... , \\. to produce thousands, Ps. 144: 13. 
 
 tV^i^ and ^IV^^ a village in the ^^L^ JL., ^, , , . , ^ 
 
 t'nbb'of ReubenV'one mile from h?>?.' ^^.^ChM. thousand. Dan. 5-. 
 
 Heshbon. Num. 32: 3, 37. Is. 15: 4. 1. 7: 10. 
 
 16: 9, Jer 48: 34. y^^^, Pi. Y^"^. to press, urge any one. 
 
 !:i%^,fut. fl^n;^.. 1. probably as in Once Judg! 16:16. (In Syr. .S 
 
 Arabic, to accustom one'^s self, to he- ^^^^ ^ ^"^ 
 
 come familiar with any thing ; also ^^^^^^ 
 
 spoken of animals, to become tame, ^i''^.2? found only Prov. 30: 31. per- 
 
 DeriF. P\iVi< no. 1. ?]!: no. I. * 5 c./c$ 
 
 2. to learn. Prov. H: 25. Comp. haps i. q. Arab. f^-^^ the people, 
 
 1J2b. which is here retained with the ar- 
 
 Pi. to teach. Construed with one 
 accusitive, Job 15:5. 35: 11. with a 
 double ace. of the person and thing, 
 
 Job 33:33. :):5l??3 Aram.for 512C>N73 
 part. Job 35: Hi ~ 
 Hiph. see V\bi^, no. II. 
 
 I. 517*^^. masc. epicene, dec. VI. b. ox, 
 
 tide. (See '^i-n.^h^..) "172^ D^pViJ^^.T;' 
 the king whose people are with him. 
 Sept. d7jf.i7iyo^a)p it/ I'x^vu. Accord- 
 ing to others it is compounded of 
 ):i^ not and D^p to rise up ; (comp. 
 ^i^"'^ Prov. 12:28;) namely the 
 king, against whom no one rises up 
 or resists, i. e. the victorious king. 
 
 animal of the ox kind. Dent. 7:13. k.i-ii-s^^ ^., ,, ,.^ 
 
 28:4. Ps. 8:8. Comp. P]^V,v^ ^^^ j/pj^ -^fij a gentile noun, an Elkoshite 
 Perhaps prim, but more prob- Spoken only of Nahum, chap. 1: 1 
 
 3 
 
 ably verbal from j:|2i< no. 
 
 ing literally tame cattle. 
 
 denot- 
 
 II. Jl'^i^ m. prim. dec. VI. b. 
 
 1. thousand. Dual ^Oil^ibi^ two thou- 
 sand. Plur. d'^cVN thousands, nu;"JJ 
 D-^cbwN 6000; but j^i^.^l i^^''? 100,000. 
 
 The cities which may have given 
 birth to this prophpt are chiefly 
 
 (1.) Alkush ((^l^-^-^U in Assyria, 
 not far from Mosul, where Nahum 
 may have been born of Israelitish 
 colonists ; and (2.) Elcese, accordmg 
 to Jerom, a small village in Galilee. 
 
 D^^-i<. 'CKS thousands of rams, Mic. |q^^^ ^ ^^.^^ ^^^ yjU ^ p,,^^^ ^.^^^ | 
 
 6: 7. inii") 'Cbfi* a thousand times 
 ten thousand, Gen. 24: 60. 
 
 2. family, subdivision of a tribe, 
 consisting originally of a thousand, 
 but afterwards without any refer- 
 ence to that number, i. q. nrjB'iiW. 
 Judg. 6: 15. 1 Sam. 10: 19. 23: 23. 
 Num. 1: 16. 10:4. Jos. 22: 21, 30. 
 In the division of Palestine, there 
 appears to have been assigned to 
 each family (p]!:i^.,) a portion of the 
 
 1. mother. Gen. 2: 24. Also grand- 
 mother, 1 K. 15:10. 'TJJ^i^ ^:2 thy 
 mother'^s sons poetically for thy breth- 
 ren. Gen. 27: 29. Figuratively Job 
 17: 14. 
 
 2. protectress, instructress. Judg. 
 5:7. Comp. nN nos. 4. 5. 
 
 3. mother city, chief city, metropo- 
 lis. 2 Sam. 20: 19. See ii73J<no.2. 
 
 4. with T|*)T:, mother of the way 
 for a cross road. Ezek. 21: 26. [21.] 
 
 territory belonging to the tribe 
 
 (^12^2 ;) and each of these districts, G&? a primitive particle. 
 
 likeThe whole tribe, had its cap- 1. adv. of time, when ; refernng 
 
 ital village, or place of concourse either to time past, like the Germ. 
 
 for the family. Hence Micah says da, als, Am. 7:2 when they had en- 
 
QN' 
 
 41 
 
 n^x 
 
 tirely eaten off, or to time present 
 or future, like the Germ, wenn. Is. 
 24: 13 T'S^ n^3-dJ< whejL the vin- 
 tage is over^ Gen. 38: 9. Ps. 63: 7. 
 So in the phrases DN ^5, ON ^t^ 1^ 
 till that, Gen. 24: 19. 28: 15. ' '' 
 
 2. cooj. condit. if, supposing that; 
 very frequently. 
 
 3. conj. concess, afi^ow^/i. Judg. 
 13: 16. Am. 5:22. Job 9: 20. 
 
 4. adv. of wishing, O that, uiinam. 
 Gen. 30:27. Ps. 81: 9. 139: 19. 
 Joined with :ib pleonastically, Gen. 
 23: 13. 
 
 5. QN DN whether or. Ex. 19: 
 
 13 si:ni Jib ui^Jt-DN ti7:ria-Di< 
 whether it be beast or man, it shall 
 not live. 
 
 6. in swearing, the form of im- 
 precation being omitted by an el- 
 lipsis, not, that not. 2 Sam. 11: 11 
 as sure as thy soul liveth, Jit^^'fi^.-DM 
 nm 'l^'jn-ni^ / will not do this. 
 1 Sam. U: 46. 2 Sam. 20: 20. 2 K. 
 3: 14. Cant. 2:7. Ps. 95: 11. The 
 literal meaning in these cases is if, 
 (as in no. 2.) which is evident when 
 the ellipsis is supplied, as in 2 Sam. 
 3: 35 let God deal with me thus and 
 thus, if etc. 1 Sam. 24 :7 Jehovah for- 
 bid it,if eic.{Comp. Jtb Di^.)The sig- 
 nification not occurs also, though 
 more rarely, where there is no oath, 
 Is. 22: 14. Judg. 5: 8. Prov. 27: 24. 
 
 7. perhaps that, quod. Gen. 31: 
 52. Ex. 1:16. 
 
 8. adv. interrog. i. q. 11, Lat. an. 
 Jer. 3: 5. Hence in a double ques- 
 tion, dJ( J^, an ?. .. . utrum ? In Job 
 21:4, d^ merely strengthens the 
 interrogative force of ^^^73 which 
 follows. 
 
 9. in the indirect inquiry, wheth- 
 er. Cant. 7: 13. When preceded 
 by 51, whether or. Num. 13: 20. 
 
 10. 7tonne ? (ti sometimes has 
 this meaning.) Hos. 12: 12 ll:27-|-t2iJ? 
 J^.J? is not Gilead mere iniquity ? Job 
 39:13 has not the stork wings and 
 
 feathers ? 17: 13, 16. 19: 5. Jer. 31: 
 .30. Prov. 3: 34. The ancient trans- 
 lators have often in these instances 
 6 
 
 omitted the interrogation, and cor- 
 rectly rendered the word, behold, 
 yea, surely. Comp. fi^^Ji and Di<n. 
 
 11. whether... .not. Est. 4: 14. 
 
 12. DNn i. q. i(?rj nonne ? ecce ! 
 Num. 17:28. Job6:'l3. 
 
 13. i^b-D^l {\-)if not. (2.) but. 
 Gen. 24: 58. (3.) in swearing, the 
 form of imprecation being omitted, 
 (comp. DN no. 6.) yea, surely. Job I: 
 11. Is. 6: 9. When the ellipsis is 
 supplied, if not, 2 Sam. 19: 14. (4.) 
 nonne ? Job 22: 20. 30: 25. Sev- 
 eral examples usually placed un- 
 der no. (3.) may with as much pro- 
 priety be placed here. 
 
 in'^lij f. prim, irreg. with suff. "^nttwNt, 
 iT\-m^ Plur. mh^vNt (with epenthe- 
 tic in, as in Chald. '^JllN fathers,) 
 const, and before suflf. m'n72N. hand- 
 maid, maidservant, female slave. 
 'rjn^Jjt thy handmaid is frequently 
 used for the pronoun /, in address- 
 ing a superior, 1 Sam. 1:11, 16. 
 25:24 ff. 2 Sam. 14:15. (comp. 
 p**1i*.) nTDJ*"]^ son of a handmaid^ 
 a slave, Exod. 23: 12. Ps. 1 16: 16. 
 
 niavV f. dec. X. 
 
 T ~ 
 
 1. lower part of the arm from the 
 elbow to the wrist, cubitus. Deut. 3: 
 1 1 Uj''iX-n73^^2 after the cubit of a 
 man. 
 
 2. cubit, a measure. Dual D'^n73J< 
 two cubits. With larger numbers^it 
 is often joined thus ; rJ73N2 ;^^i72 an 
 hundred on the cubit, or a hundred 
 cubits. Ex. 26:8, 16. 36: 15. Jer. 
 51:13 rjyits n73N ^^p^ N2 thine 
 end is come, the measure of thine ea> 
 tortion {is full.) A kind of zeugma. 
 
 3. fem. of JiDwN:, mother city, me- 
 tropolis. 2 Sam. 8 : 1 David took 
 
 &^m:J':^D n^^TD riTas^r: 5n72"nf the 
 .... . ^ ^ ...._. 
 
 bridle of the chief city out of the hand 
 of the Philistines, i. e. he brought it 
 , into subjection. The Arabians have 
 very similar phrases ; e. g. I do not 
 deliver up my bridle, i. e. I do not 
 subject myself 
 
 4. Is. 6: 4 d-'DDJi nV3N probably 
 
I^i^ 
 
 42 
 
 in^ 
 
 the mothers, i. e. the foundations, of Ps. 40 : 1 1. Prov. 12 : 22. Ps. 37: 
 ^1 3 ceA: <o be faithful. 
 
 the thresholds. The Arab. # mother ^^h^^a i i j- r .>. j 
 
 , . _ . , i . . Y^Sffv m. verbal adi. from V735, dec. 
 
 and the Talmud. JiTSiJ^ are used m a ' ~ ''. , , v ^^^ io 
 
 . ., ^" 1- 1 I. 0, stroufr. powerful. Job 9:4,19. 
 
 similar manner. Accordmg to oth- ^^ ^ g^^^^f ^WtA, Is. 40: 26. 
 
 ers : posts^ the angle which they ^v^.^ 
 
 make with the threshold being like ' H^ m, foliage of a tree. Is. 17: 6 
 
 an e/6oty. ^''^^ tjw^hs af o/? in the foliage, ver. 
 
 5. proper name of a hill on the 9. The root ^lyni, in Hithpa. sig- 
 
 way of the desert of Gibeon. Once nifies to boast one''s self comp. Arab. 
 
 2 Sam. 2: 24. 
 T\l^^_ f. Plur. '{"<72iN. Chald. cubit., as 
 
 in Heb. Dan. 3: 1. Ezra 6: 3. 
 nS^ {.family., tribe,people. (In Arab. 
 
 Ji-^O) 
 
 a prince^ emir ; hence, as 
 
 some suppose, in our derivative, 
 height^ summit., top. This deriva- 
 tion, however, is unsatisfactory. It 
 5^^ ^p A. is better to compare the Syr. and 
 
 ^^/0^, Syr. l^iOolt'fZem.) In Hebrew Arab. -^^):y (n and 3? being com- 
 fonnd only in the plural m72^5,Num. muted, see'i^) grass., hay., (perhaps 
 25: 15. and zi^/3N, Ps. 117: l'. literally what is woolly., see n^l^^ri ;) 
 
 ^l^^5, Plur. V73^, Chald. pcop/e, as in ^vhich is at least a kindred mean- 
 
 "' _ " cation. 
 
 Heb. Dan. 3:4, 29. ^^^ . , , . ^ , t^ , 
 
 , .. Pun to wither, languish. In Kal, 
 
 I. O'QvS com.gen. verbal from )m^ no. ^ .^ ^^^ participle, Ezek. 16: 30 
 
 3.c/ii/(;,/o^<crc/ii/t/, spoken of wisdom, ^ 
 
 Prov. 8:30. Others: artist.^ artificer.^ 
 
 i. q. )J2i^. Bat the want of a femi- 
 nine termination is a greatfer diffi- 
 culty in the wny of the latter than 
 of the former explanation; and the 
 rest of the verse agrees best with 
 the idea of child. 
 
 II. 11521^ i. q. '^^^J2^ multitude of peo- 
 phy (m and ^ being interchanged,) 
 Jer. 52: 15. 
 
 unnb ;iV/2iS{ Ttl^ how did thine heart 
 languish through lust ! 
 
 Pul. bb^N 1. to wither., be with- 
 ered, to languish ; spoken of plants, 
 Is. 24: 7. Joel 1: 12. of delds, Is. 16: 
 8. Nah. 1: 4. of a sick person, Ps. 
 6: 3, where bbl'awX is a participle for 
 
 2. to mourn., lament. Is. 19: 8. 33: 
 
 9. Jer. 14:2. Lam. 2:8. 
 7^^5^. m. verbal adj. from bbttN, dec, 
 III. 1'l^i^ Amon, an Egyptian idol, i''^' ^eak, feeble. Neh. 3: 3"4! [4: 2.] 
 worshipped with peculiar honour .^j^ ^ to be firm, secure. In Kal, not 
 at Thebes, which hence received ' - -r j ^ 
 
 the name ii7:.N-N:; see i^3. Jer. 46: sed in this sense. 
 
 25. (but comp. Ezek. 30: 15.) 
 pA^i^^ m. (Syr. ft)r l^^^iSl.) verbal from 
 1)25^, dec. 111. g. truth., faithfulness. 
 Deut. 32: 20. tZl'^2:i?3i t''^ a faith- 
 ful man, Prov. 20:6. comp. 13: 17. 
 14: 5. 
 
 T\T\^^^ fem. of "ji^aNi., dec. X. 
 
 ' 1. steadiness. Ex. 17: 12in:'l5<(2) 
 with steadiness., i.e. steady. 
 
 2. truth, faithfulness, honesty, up- 
 rightness, beat. 32: 4. Ps. 89: 25. 
 
 2. in a moral sense, to be true, 
 faithful. Part. pass, li^^ij, plur. 
 
 \:3'^2riJ2t<thefaithful,Fs. 12:2. 31:24. 
 
 3. to nurse., take care of, bring up 
 a child. (So in Arabic, the kindred 
 
 form (jW idem.) Hence "jTaN a nurs- 
 ing father, one who brings up or ed- 
 ucates children. Num. 11: 12. Est. 2: 
 7. 2 K. 10:1,5. Fem. nrpfi^ a 
 nurse, Ruth 4: 16. 2 Sam. 4: 4! The 
 idea of bearing is often conveyed by 
 this word, Lam. 4: 5 ^b.? u3^2>Nn 
 
]12^ 43 3ni 
 
 yMn those who are borne on crimson. H p^^^ j^jpj^^ .^^^^^ ^^j. ^^^.^ ^^ ^^ 
 
 Comp. Num. 11: 12. Is 60: 4. ^^ tle\ight. Is. Soi 21. 
 
 Niph. \, to be firm^ secure, tZIpn h^.. ^ 
 
 -.nJafinn place, Is. 22: 23, 25. )>^: ^hald. only in Aph. ^a-rt (form- 
 
 T (o be drable, lasting, of long f^ '!'>> rt, as m Hebrew,) ,o c<mfije 
 
 continuance ; e. g. laSJ n-a a dum- ' construed .th 2. Dan. 0: 24. 
 
 ,, , .' = '.' - ., , Part. pass. j^aTlO certtM/i, (ruCj/oiiA- 
 
 6ie AoKe, 1. e. a laslMig posterity, 1 , , t< o .-"i c 
 
 Sam. 2: 35. 25: 28. 2 Sam. 7: 1 6. 1 /'' ^an. 2: 4o. b: 5. 
 
 K. 11:38. Applied lo lingering sick- l^t^ m. verbal from '^12^ . workman^ 
 
 nesses, Deut. 28: 59. to constant- literally one approved ov found skiU 
 
 \y flowing water, Is. 33: 16. Jer. 16: j^^i \^ his art, (see p5< Niph. no. 3. 
 
 18. Comp. 'jn'^ijf. especially Job 12:2V) Cant. 7: 2. 
 
 3. in a moral sense, to be true, Hn Child. -j^riN, in the Mishnah al- 
 faithfuL Jer. 42:5. Is. 1: 21. Ap- go -^jzi^ idem.) 
 
 plied to God and his law, Deut. 7: ^,^.. ^ ^, , _ .y..^ 
 
 9. Ps. 19: 8. 93, 5. to a servant, 1 \^h ^^'"^^^ ^^^"^ i^^V 
 
 Sam. 3:20. 22: 14. Pa. 78: 8 -Nb") 1- subst. truth, faithfuhiess. ''n^N 
 
 irpT^ !:6l"-ni< !n3^N3 and whose spir- 'J^.iJ the true God, Is. 65: 16. 
 
 it was not JhUhfuUy devoted to God. ^ '^' f^''' /;"^2/, ''^f^'h^ '^ ^' *\' 
 
 (Comp. bN t:/m Dlr'iJ.) Neh. 9: >^- ^.^l' 1); '\- ^8: b. It was used 
 
 ^ ., " .' ^ " ' , /. , especially (1.) when an individual 
 
 8. Also to be tried, proved found ^^ the whole congregation, 
 
 skilful, m an art or science. Job 12: confirmed the oath, or covenant, 
 
 20 he takes away speech from the ^^^-^^ ^^^ been recited before 
 
 most skilful m their art, i. e. from jhem. Num. 5: 22. Deut. 27: 15 ff. 
 
 the eloquent. Neh. 5: 13. : 6. (2.) at the close 
 
 4. to be true, prove true, be veriji- ^f ^ doxolouy in a song or prayer, 
 ed. Gen 42: 20. Hence to be Jul^ being sometimes repeated. Ps.'41: 
 filled, 1 K. 8: 26 1 Chr. 17: 23. ,4, f^: 19. b9: 53. comp. Matth. 6: 
 
 5. pass, ot Kal no. 3. to be borne, j^ 
 
 spoken of a child. Is. 60: 4. ^.' ^ 
 
 Hiph. ]^J2^;n 1. to lean or rest on ).^ m. verbal from ijUS<. truth, faith- 
 any thing. Is! 28: 16. julness. Is 25: 1. 
 
 2. to trust, to confide in ; constru- HD^Nl^ f. verbal from 'JfliJ 
 ed with an ace. Judg. 11: 20. with ^ " * ^^l'"^ 
 
 a, Job 4:18. 1 5: 1 5. 1 Sam. 27: 12. 1 firm covenant. (In Arab. 2UU>[.) 
 
 especially rjirT"'2 j-'73Nn to confide Neh. 10: 1. 
 
 in God, Gen. 15: 6? *Ex. 14:31. p. ^Z ^^'^.^'''^ or stated allowance, 
 l^-^nn h to confide in one's life, or Neh. 11:^3. , ^ , 
 
 fediecure of life, Deut. 28: 66. Job ^ . f- proper name of a part of mt. 
 94. Q9 J J ^ Libanus. Cant. 4: 8. From it flows 
 
 '{."'to believe, regard as true. Ex. to'^^'''^ ^'j^^^."^^^"^";^'! ^ ^'' 
 4:5. Construed with an infin. Jobl5: ^f ^^^'^ ^^'^^^ ' Greek CAri/.or- 
 22. with b of the person. Gen. 45: ''^^*' "'^^^ Barrady. 
 26. Ex. 4:'"1, 8, 9. I^jU)^ 2 K. 18: 16. a pillar, door-post, 
 
 4. intrans. i. q. Niph. no. 1. to probably verbal from ]73NMo ^/e/rm, 
 stand firm^ to stand still. Job 39: 24 ^^ ^^^^^^ ^^ ^^ .up;,or^ J, here trans. 
 he (the horse) s^ancZ. r^o^ still, when ^^ ,^ the Chald. fi^SipD a 
 
 ^^e <nmi;,e< Aaf/t 5oWe^; comp. f^^am, threshold, lintel. '' ' 
 
 Virg. Georg. iii. 81. stare loco ne- ^^. ' ^. ^^ 
 
 scit *^m^^ f. verbal from ]^_w^. 
 
 Deriv. out of course \r/2i^ no. I. 'l. truth. Only as an adv. in truth, 
 
 )^m, n>V. " Gen. 20: 12. Josh. 7: 20. 
 
':^m 
 
 44 
 
 1l2i^ 
 
 2. education^ bringing up. Est. 
 '2: 20. Comp. ]^i^ no. ^. 
 
 fij^N' and U^12^ adv. (from '\T2i^ with 
 the adverbial termination D--) cer- 
 tainly^ truiy^ indeed. Job 9: 2. 12: 2. 
 1 K. 8: 27. Ps. 58: 2. 
 
 Y^iJ, fut. y^wN;:. l. ^o 6e strong. 
 Geo. 25: 23. 
 
 2. to be Jirm^ courageous. Gene- 
 rally in this connexion, V?9^?^ pIT 
 be strong and courageous., Josh. 1: 6, 
 7, 9,18, etc. 
 
 Pi. 1. to strengthen. Job 4: 4. 
 
 2. <o strengthen or repair a house, 
 i.q. ptn no.' 2. 2Chr. 24: 13. ^o 
 establish., Prov. 8 : 28 D^pnu; i273N3 
 
 1:^^73^ zy/iCM he established the clouds 
 above. 
 
 3. to inspire courage. Deut. 3: 28. 
 Job 16:5. 
 
 4. with nh., to harden the heart. 
 Deut. 2:30. 15:7. 2Chr. 36:13. 
 
 5. to establish ov confirm ; e.g". as 
 kin^, 2 Chr. 11:17. Ps. 80: 18 -]a 
 m!: nj73M Cli^ the son of man. whoiii 
 thou hast established for thyself. So 
 verse 16. 
 
 6. with 2 , to lay hold nf to take. 
 Is. 44:14 "^^J"^ ^:.i>n ib~p2N*"'T and 
 he took., i. e. chose for himself, a- 
 mong the trees of the wood. 
 
 Hiph. intrans. to be strong, cour- 
 ageous, i. q. Kal no. 2. Ps. 27: 14 
 ^2b "f ^.5<.^ liit thine heart be courag- 
 eous. 31:25. 
 
 Hithpa. 1. to strengthen one^s self 
 to collect one''s strength. 2 Chr. 13: 
 7. 1 K. 12: 18 niV^ VTSNnil he 
 hastened with all his might to ascend. 
 
 2. to firmly resolve. Ruth 1:18. 
 Deriv. out of course Y72wN:73, y^l2i^- 
 
 Y^.^ m. verbal from ^735^. strength. 
 
 Once Job 17: 9. 
 Y^^ ? plur. D'^^^iJ^. Zech. 6: 3, as an 
 
 attribute of horses, strong, stout. 
 
 Sept. Chald. ash-coloured, gray ; but 
 
 without support from etymology. 
 
 nStJ^ f. verbal from yT^fi^. strength, 
 power. Zech 12: 5. 
 
 Sl'^lS'Q^? m. {strength of Jehovah) prop- 
 er name of a son of Joash, king of 
 Judah. 2K. 12:22. 13:12. Equal- 
 ly common is :!!n:;ir72^f, 14: 1, 9, IL 
 Sept. '^f^eaoiag. Vulg. Amasias. 
 
 1^&^, fut. 'sTzii'-^ and "^izi^'-^, (see 
 arr. ^nfi< note 1.) with T conversive 
 ^l^.wN^n r infin. ^73^J., ^73i<b. 
 
 1. to say, dico. It differs from 
 'iri'l to speak, loquor, especially in 
 this, that '-)72i< is almost uniformly 
 followed directly or indirectly by 
 the words spoken ; while ^:2y[ is 
 not : hence the two verbs are often 
 connected thus, b^;^^'^ "'pn-bN ^si 
 &lrt'bN n'lTSJil speak to the children 
 of Israel and say to them. Lev. 1: 2. 
 More frequently, however, the lat- 
 ter verb stands in the infinitive thus, 
 ^72Nb saying, after which the direct 
 words follow. The accusative of 
 the thing said is more rare; e.g. 
 J-rt.li ^i'^n-nJ^. Dn.'^bi^ n^^N") and 
 say to them this, Jer. 14: 17. "^173 
 173NS what shall we say ? Gen, 44: 
 16. ' ^1^^ '^*^^tS as Joseph had 
 said, 41: 54. Rarely also is this verb 
 followed by ^3 that. Job 36: 10. It 
 is used absolutely, like ^:?,-, only in 
 a fe.\\ cases, principally in the later 
 writers, who also use 'izn for l^ij, 
 2 Chr. 2: 10 inp2 nn^lH '^725<*^ 
 and Huram spake, i. e. gave an an- 
 swer, by writing. 32: 24 ib 'n^N'^l 
 and God spake to him. Ps. 139:20 
 '^IITS'i they speak concerning thee. 
 (Comp. Dan. 7: 16.) Also Gen. 4: 
 8. belongs here, if there is no omis- 
 sion in the text. The person to 
 whom any one speaks, is preceded 
 by bfi^. and ';:. The person concern- 
 ing whom any thing is said, by ^ , 
 Gen. 20: 13 ^i: '*i7:^i say concerning 
 me. Ps. 3:3. 71: 10. Judg. 9: 54. or 
 is put in the accusative. Gen. 43: 27 
 Tjour old father Dn'^72^^. 'n'?^N of whom 
 ye said, quem dixistis. ver. 29. Num. 
 14:31. Ps. 139:20. Lam. 4:20. 
 
 2. to tkink. (^Speaking and think- 
 
n^i^ 
 
 45 
 
 n^l 
 
 ing, to a man of lively imagination, 
 especially when he is alone, are 
 the same thing", and they are there- 
 fore frequently expressed by one 
 word. Comp. qrji^l in Homer. For- 
 ster informs us of savages in the 
 
 Deriv. out of course, 'iSSNitt. 
 ^i^^_ Chald. idern^ especially no. 3. to 
 command. Pret. fem. n^.^.ii for 
 n^^i<, Dan. 5: 10. fut. l^wS;;, infin. 
 ^^.\t3 also ^^., Ezra 5: 11. 
 
 south sea, who use the phrase to -N>nv , , r ^^, 
 
 speak in the belly for to think. In ^^-^ '^'^^^ ^'^"^ ^^^ 
 
 Heb. see n^Tp.) 2 Sam. 21:16 ^^N'^T 
 
 nisnb he thought to slay. Ex. 2: 14 
 
 n^N nn^ '^^."lili^r; thinkest thou to 
 
 kill me ? Gen. 44:'28 P)ht2 ^J< I^NT 
 
 >]"lb and I think^ he is surely torn in 
 
 J . word^ speech, (only in poetry.) 
 Ps. 19:3. 
 
 2. a matter, thing, i. q. lil. Job 
 22: 28. (in Arabic, more frequent.) 
 
 3. triumphal song. Ps. 68: 12. So 
 prob. also Hab. 3: 9. 
 
 pieces. iSam. 20:4 'TjtcD ^^fiin-n/3 v2i<^ m. verbal from ^^i\, dec. Vl.g. 
 
 what does thy soul think or desire ? 
 Used absolutely, Ps. 4: 3 think, i. e. 
 meditate,in your hearts upon yourded. 
 3. to command. (This is the pre- 
 vailing signification in Arabic, but 
 in Hebrew it is found chiefly in the 
 later books.) Construed frequently 
 with an infin. Est. 1:17 ^^'nt^b ^I2ii< 
 he commanded to bring. 4: 13. 9: 14. 
 1 Chr. 21: 17. or with T following, 
 Neh. 13: 9 !|'nnt:"'1 rf-^')3N1 and 1 
 commanded, and they cleansed, 2 
 Chr. 24: 8 ^ti^_ll "i^.^/l ^'>^^'^1 the 
 king commanded, and they made. Ps. 
 105: 31, 34. (In Chaldaic, as ex- 
 amples of the former construction, 
 comp. Dan. 2: 46. 3: 13, 19, 20. as 
 an example of the latter, 5: 29.) 2 
 Chr. 29: 24 n^i$ bij"^t;';-b^b "'S 
 nbi3?il ^b73ln because for all Israel had 
 
 1. Tsoord, speech, (only poet.) i. q. 
 'li'l. Prov. 22: 21 ^N-''-^?2N ora- 
 cles of God, Num. 24: 16; comp. 
 Job 6: 10. Ps. 107: 11. 
 
 2. promise. Job 20:29 il^&l n^m 
 bN!^. ^^*^ inheritance of his promise, 
 i. e. his promised inheritance, /ro7/t 
 God. 
 
 3. Gen. 49: 21 JVaphtali is a slender 
 ^^nrf*l^ij-*^^^^ "jnin perhaps which 
 brings forth beautiful young, "^^.ttJi 
 here denoting perhaps the young 
 stag, as in Chaldaic, '^tsN a youns 
 sheep. Bochart, (Hieroz. i. p. 895.) 
 and most critics since his day read 
 thisvere with a change of the vow- 
 el points lnb''N and "^^.^Nt ; and ren- 
 der it thus : Naphtali is a tall tur- 
 pentine-tree, which puts forth goodly 
 branches. 
 
 Chald. lamb.. 
 
 the king commanded this burnt offer- "^53^ plur. 'I"^*173J<. 
 
 ing. 1 K. 1 1: 18 ib ^'m On^. he com- ^^^.'^ g. g j^' ^. '^'^ 
 
 manded food for him, i. e. assigned ^-.^k-wk ^ 
 
 to him a supply of food. ' 0^^^ ^^^' o^ ^m^ <3ec. XII. b. 
 
 4. to praise. Ps. 40: II. 145: 6, word, speech, (only poet.) Deut. 
 
 11. Is. 3: 10. 32:2. Gen. 4:23. Ps. 12:7, etc. 
 
 m^h. to be said, construed with ni^vV fern, of-im, dee. Xll.b.iVem. 
 
 ]:. Is. 4: 3 lb 'l^.JJ?. '^iiliP holy shall J^ ^ 
 
 be said to him, or he shall be called w^u^ 
 
 holy, i. e. in the language of Isaiah, 1'^?. ^' gentile noun, Amorite, or 
 
 he shall be holy. 61: 6. 62: 4. collect, .^//lome^, a Canaanitish peo- 
 
 Hiph. i. q. Kal, but intensitively, pie, inhabiting at first the mountain- 
 to declare solemnly, to promise, con- 
 strued with an accus. of the person. 
 Deut. 26: 17, 18. 
 
 Hithpa. to boast one\ self. Ps. 94: 
 4. Or, to exercise dominion, (as in 
 Arab. Conj. I. V.) 
 
 ous parts of Judea, Gen. 14:7, 13. 
 48: 22. 2 Sam. 21: 2. but, when the 
 country was invaded by the Israel- 
 ites, found principally be}'ond Jor- 
 dan between the rivers Jabbok and 
 
Arnon, Num. 21:13, 2426,32. ^>^k^s^ , , i r 
 Used by way of eminence for a Ca-"-^:'^- ^- (^^^^^* ^'"^^ ^^C!'? to 
 naaniifc generally, Gen. 15: 16. Am. stretch out,) dec. XIII. a. sack. Gen. 
 2: 9, 10. Deut. 1: 20. Comp. Re- '^2: 27 ff. 
 ^ landi Palaestina. p. 138. '^MwNl m. (from n^.N with the adjec- 
 
 P?."^^.^ m. proper name of a king- of tive termination '^ , true,) proper 
 Shinar, (Babylonia,) contemporary name of the father of the prophet 
 with Abraham. Gen, 14: 1, 9. The Jonah. 2 K. 14: 25. Jon. 1: 1. 0th- 
 probable Assyrian etymology of this ^^^ without sufficient reason regard 
 word is obscure. *t as the name of his mother. 
 
 Zjl2i^^ subst. and adv. the preceding "^^.^l-.^. f- (^or n"^) Chald. strong, 
 night, the last night, Gen. 19: 34. 31: powerful. Dan. 7: 7. The root "jnTa 
 29, 42. yesterday, 2 K. 9: 26. Prob- signities in Arabic, to be firm, stable, 
 ably used for night generally, Job strong. 
 
 30: 3 rr^JiUJ^^ Hi^x^ tl^i^ the night ^^^ adv. interrog. contraction of -j-J^ 
 of wasting and desolation. Comp. ^o. 11. where ? ^Uo whither? 1 Sara. 
 Jer. 2: 6, 31. So the Chald. Dru- iq: h. Hence li^^j whence ? 2 K. 5: 
 ius, and others. -^.i$ signihes yes- ^5 Keth. ^^-4 how far? how long? 
 
 [TtV-^^T^ "^^'' ^'"'''*; J-^ ^'' 2- VVith r. local, ^:i; whhh^ 
 Jy, as 'npa tomorrow morning., and . . ' x ^ 
 
 - 11 /^ 4 1 er.^ also without interrogation, Josh. 
 
 eaW^^mom generally. Comp. Arub. 2: 5. Neh. 2: 16. ^he% ? Ruth 2: 
 
 (Vw^f /tm. ^^- ^^^"""^^ till when? how long? 
 
 Ex. 16 I 28. Ps. 13: 2. ln2Ni Jl5N 
 
 ^^.. ^- for n:t5&l fem. of 'j^ij , with hither and thither, 1 K. 2: 36,42. 
 
 8uff. in^i^^. ' fi^2,S|^ and riJ^?. Chald. /, also / am. 
 
 1. duration, continuance. Is. 39: kj.J^* 
 
 8 n^Ni aVr^ prosperity and con- ^tn W^^^^] 'oterj. of entreating,(com- 
 tinuatice, i.e. lasting pro.sperity. pounded of nij or n^N and :.) ./?/?, 
 Jer. 33: 6. comp. n73>\ DlpUJ Jer. I pray you! ah, quceso. Gen, 50:17. 
 14:13. " ' Dan. 9: 4. Sometimes written JiiJ^, 
 
 2. certainty. Josh. 2:12 nJ2,^^ ni:< Jon. 1: 14. 4:2. 
 
 a certain sign. " 1 '^ixji w.v. . / . i 
 
 3. truth, faithfulness; applied to ^- ' '-^l ' ^- 1-5^. ^ '"'^^'" ''^*^"^- ^^' 
 Jehovah, Ps. 54: 7. 57: 11. 108: 5. 3: 26. 19: 8. 
 
 to men, denoting uprightness gener- Deriv. out of course, ln^:N, H^D.^n. 
 ally, Ex. 18: 21. faithful attachment ^j ^ "^ 
 
 to religion, 1 Sam. 12: 24. 1 K. 2. 11- *5^ i. q. Arab. q->I to be or hap- 
 4. 2 Chr. 31:20. 32: 1. ^DH pen at a proper time'. 
 . n73NT grace and truth, (often thus Pi. to bring or cause to come at 
 
 connected,) spoken of God, Ps. 25: (^ Proper time. Ex. 21: 13. 
 10. 40: 11. Gen. 32: 10. of a king, P"' ^ %^Pf" ^ oi" ^^M ny 
 
 Prov. 20: 28. of men, signifying ^^ spoken of a misfortune. Prov. 
 kindness and truth, or true kindness, 7. ' ' ^^' ^* 
 
 Gen. 24: 49. 47 : 29. dirUJ "'^i'l Hithpa. construed with ^, to seek 
 
 n^^NiT words of peace and truth, Est. g i-{^>jr, ' ^ 
 
 9: 30. "^IV """fy 
 
 4. truth, something true. Gen. 42: "^''; see \ss* 
 16. 24:48. especially religious truth, J-j^jj,^ ggg ^j.}^^ . 
 irwe religion, Dan. 8: 12. 9 : 13. "' "= "^ " 
 comp. Ps 25: 5. 26: 3. HSi^ see iSD>^ . 
 
 * T It -r It 
 
33wNl. pron. com. gen, we. Once Jer. ^^^^'^" *^ ^"^^^^ "? ' "--' '^^^ 
 42: 6 Keth. which is the true read- *^^.^. m- ^^^P- and collect, ships^ ajleet. 
 ing, for the Keri ^:n3N is only a l' K. 9:26, 27. 10: 11. (The paral- 
 gloss which has substituted the usu- ^el passage in Chronicles has the 
 al for the unusual form. An abbre- plural.) Also used collectively in 
 viation of this pronoun is seen in the fern, gen. 1 K. 10: 22.1s. 33:21^ 
 ,,b^2 d in the suffixes ,,, n:-, n^^D>5 fem. of ^:jj. , dec. X.riem.Gen. 
 
 m^'^'s^'' *^^^ ^ 49:13. Judg.sT 17. 2Chr. 8:18 Ke- 
 
 1^^^ m. I jN f. Chald. pron. plur. ri. The Ketbib in the last passage 
 
 these (In Syr. ^<Ji idem.) is nT3i&<, which is to be attributed 
 
 -^u-o, to the later incorrect mode of writ- 
 
 U IJwN m. prim, man, also collect, men. [^ ([je vowels fully. 
 In the singular, except 2 Chr. 14: t^^v r u i r ^.. 
 ll.it is found only poetically, in ^M^' ^'f^^^i ^^^ r^^i^. mourmng, 
 Job, Isaiah, and the Psalms. The ^ *^"'-^^- ^'- ^^'- ^' 
 prose expression is dIN. Some- '^2^. m. prim, lead; hence a plumb, 
 times it denotes (1.) common men, plummet, perpendicle. Am. 7: 7 n^iri 
 ordinary men ; hence Is. 8: 1 tS'^H- ^^^. ^ perpendicular wall, murus 
 ^i2J< with the pen of the common perpendiculi, verse 8. (In Arabic, 
 man,' i. e. in the common legible ^^^^ and tin.) 
 
 character; comp. Rev. 13:18. 21:'^:D]Ji, in pause "^bN (penacute,) 
 17. {2.) wicked men. Ps. 56 : 2. ppon. com. gen. /." Otherwise ^:5.. 
 Comp. Di}< no. 1. ^ *' ^ 
 
 Plur. D-i::5<, const. ViJ2N.(formed >^. ^^ ^^^"'*' murmur, complain, 
 from an obsVsing. tDN)' employed ^"^ ^"^^ ^" Hithpoel, ^:^4nrt 
 as the plur. o( t->i< mLn, (q. v.) de- i^'^^^^^' ^^'' -Lam. 3: 39. 
 noting men generally. Gen. 32: 29. 02i^ (more frequent in Aram. DSN , 
 
 n3i{ found only in Niph. to sigh, ^mjf ) to press, constrain, compel 
 groan. Ex. 2: 23. Joel 1: 18, etc. any one. Once Est. 1:8. 
 (In Aram. Ethpa. ic^cm.) Constru- ^.^ ^, ,, ., ^ ^ . ^ ^/^^ 
 ed with b?, Ezek. 21 : 12. [7.J or ^^ -: ^^^^^- *^^^*- ^"^ ^^"' ^'^ PJ 
 173 , Ex. 2:~23. The following verbs no secret presses you, i. e. gives you 
 appear to be kindred to each other, trouble. 
 n3N, n2N, p2N, 13^^, pi<l . ^2^^, fut. ?|;ni;i, ro 6rcaf/te, to snort, . 
 
 nri3Nl f. verbal from n:N, dec. XI. d. especially from anger ; hence to be 
 aVgh, sighing. Ps. 3lVll. Lam. 1: **^^2/' construed with 2 of the per- 
 22. son, 1 K. 8:46. Ps. 2 :' 12. 60:3. 
 
 79: 5. 
 
 ^yn}^,^ and nSn^w^^ Chald. i. q. Heb. ' Hithpa. idem; also construed 
 ^3n3N. * with 2, Deut. 1:37. 4:21. 
 
 ^in^ pron. plur. com. gen. we. ^ ^ Deriv. out of course ;]fi5. 
 
 ^ ^^. ')'^'B'j^C]m\d. face, countenance. Only 
 Comp. ,5W. (In Arab. y.sru ' 5;,. g: 46. 3: 19. See Heb. D'en . 
 
 fc,^ i:jJ^^ f. Lev. 11: 19. Deut. 14: 18. an 
 
 3wV, in pause ^2J^, pron. prim. com. -J^^^ bird of several species. 
 
 gen./. Also written -^DSN. The (rrr^sb. .) Sept. ;^,oa^^fO?. C V. ^ic- 
 
 form '3N also occurs in the phrase rou, Comp. Bocharti Hieroz. ii. p. 
 
 ^3^ 'n, (see "n.) Hence by abbre- 335 ff. 
 
17. 
 
 ft^Di^ 48 0&w^^ 
 
 P3vV, fut. pbi<% to groan, cry out from "?^"^ f "^ ^^"^ of Judah, the third 
 *--'. *' .^ ' /, -^ after Solomon. 1 K. 15: 8 ff. 
 
 pttin, spoken ot a wounded person. . 
 
 Once Ezek. 26: 15. V ^^ - ^^^^^^ ^^'^m ^10. ointment- 
 
 Niph. pass. Only Ezek, 9: 4. 24: 6oif/e, oil-cup. 2 K. 4: 2. 
 
 "jlOfi^ m. hurt, injury, mischief, which 
 
 Mj^Dw^, f. verbal from p3J< , ^nst. befalls any one. Gen. 42: 4, 38. Ex. 
 
 nj^^ii . 21: 22, 23. Probably a verbal from 
 
 1. sroanins:.. cry of anguish. Ps. . , . , ' .. .^ 
 
 12:6 79:11. ^^- ^?^ *' ^- !nJ2$ = Arab. cJol 
 
 2'. a species of lizard. Once i(esus fuit, noxam percepit. See the 
 
 Lijv. 11:30. letters? and D. 
 
 iD^^ to be sick, especially <o be dan- I^DN (Syr. for ^^OSi) m. verbal from 
 
 gerously sick. (In Syr. caJ which 'nDS^ , dec. III. g. 6anc/,ye/ier. Ecc. 
 
 form is also found in Hebrew, Ps. "7- 26 -iiDwN?! n"'? Jer. 37: 15, D^z 
 
 69: 21.)Parl. pass. U:n5j^, iTi;i:N (1.) &'^"1^DwN{- and by contract. fi'in^Drt 
 
 malignant, dangerous, incurable', Kcc. 4: 14. prisonhouse. 
 
 spoken of a wound Jer. 15: 18. ^^^,y ChM. idem. Dan. 4: 12. [15.] 
 
 Mic. 1:9. Job 34: 6. of pain. Is. 17: " _ - -' 
 
 11 (i.q. ^\^n, n!:n:.) (2.) %ura- ^ Ezra 7:26. 
 
 lively, u;^:N* n^^ a sorrowful day, ?|''^^ m. verbal from ):]DN . harvest- 
 Jer. 17: 16;' comp. Jfbna di-^ Jer. time. Ex. 23: 16. 34: 22. 
 
 ^^'^^- . , , , *^ r u u . I^'^N' m. verbal from -iD5, dec. III. 
 
 3. zmcked. spoken oi the heart. * ^ . . ,rr.,y- r 
 
 J j^. g a, prisoner, captive. It diiiers trom 
 
 Niph. /o 6e very sick. 2 Sam. 12:15. ^he part. pass. ^^Di$ in being used 
 ta,n..:-.. substantively : comp. Gen. 39: 20. 
 
 y^ Jj^, men, see u;"^*? . ^^^VJ, 
 
 . "^ * j^0 an. verbal from IDN. idem. Is. 
 
 23DJ^ Chald. i. q. Heb. u;i3Nl man. jq: 4. 24: 22. 42: 7. " ^ 
 
 Dan. 2: 10. 3: 10. 5: 5, 7, etc,- Qj^^s^ m. decAV. c. storehouse, granary, 
 U:3^i "^n son of man, a man, (see "^ ^ , . / 
 
 ^ - ^ ^ , 7 17 T perhaps a subterranean one. (comp. 
 
 D>N ^,) Dan. 7: 13 behold, m the ^^^^ ^ ^^s^ j^^^^ 28:8. Prov. 3: 
 
 clouds of heaven came one -^3^ ^13 10, The root is either &nO = D^t) 
 like a son of man, i. e. in a human signifying to heap up, to lay up, like 
 
 ^^^'^: T^ , 1 . t*e Syr. >oaD and Arab. \j^ . 
 
 Plur. C!'^\i;:i\ Dan. 4: 14. ^ f*^^ or 
 
 i-.^-v)i /^, 1 1 .1. tDDi = Chald. IDN and Syr. ,^ cd| 
 
 iDjN Chnld. pron. masc. gen. f/ioM. '~-t )--; -^ ^ 
 
 J' . , . ,.,,., ^, ,, having the same signification. Comp. 
 
 Found only m biblical Chaldee. ^j^^ letter 72 . 
 
 The author undoubtedly intended ^ ^ 
 
 that it should be pronounced after l^^^.^J m. Chald. proper name of an 
 
 the Hebrew manner, tinit? but the Assyrian king, or general. Ezra 4: 
 
 Masoretes sought to amend it in con- 1^- He is thought to be the same 
 
 formity with the Chaldee nDN (com. person with Esar-haddon ; see 
 
 gen.) by placing under it the vow- verse 2. 
 
 el points which belong to this form^ JIDD^^ f proper name of the wife of 
 
 'I'lriji^ Chald. pron. plur. ye. Once Joseph in Egypt, daughter of the 
 
 priest Poti-pherah. Gen. 41: 45. 46: 
 
 ^^"- ^- ^* 20. The etymology is undoubted- 
 
 ^^Di< m. {curing, physician) proper Ij Egyptian, but obscure. 
 
SlDfii 
 
 49 
 
 icbi^ 
 
 JjOi^, fut. V\b^;\, plur. !lDp^?:;; also 
 p)D^5'', but always written defect- 
 ively ^Dt (1 Sam. 15: 6. 2 Sam. 6: 
 1. Ps. 104:29.) 
 
 1 . to gather, collect, assemble ; e. g-. 
 fruits, Ex.23: 10. the people, Num. 
 21:16. gold, 2K.22:4. Construed 
 with ';"i^, to gather into any place. 
 Gen. 42: 17 ^^'4;^-^ Dnj? Pibw:.?.} 
 he brought them together into ward. 
 Ezek. 24: 4. Gen. 6: 21. Jos. 2: 13. 
 From this it signifies 
 
 2. to take to one^s self, to receive even 
 an individual person or thing. Deut. 
 22:2. Jos. 20:4 !nn^5il ini? :i5pi$T 
 fi?7""^i|Jf they shall take him to themselves 
 into the city. 2 Sam.l 2:28. Ps.27:10.- 
 2^i'^^'3 ?]5&5 2K. 5:3, 6, 7, 11. to 
 receive one again from his leprosy, 
 i. e. to cure him and thereby re- 
 store him to society. 
 
 3. to withdraw, draw hack, take 
 back. Gen. 49:33 i>i$ V^IJ^ k^^^-l 
 
 cease. Is. 16: 10. 57: 1. Jer. 48: 33. 
 Spoken of the moon, to withdraw it- 
 self, or become dark. Is. 60: 20. 
 
 4. to perish. Hos. 4: 30. 
 
 5. VTay-'^i^ P1&N3 Gen. 25:8. 49c 
 29,33. and Vnini\-pJ< Judg. 2: 10. 
 also without addition Num. 20: 26. 
 (Is. 57:1.?) to be gathered to one''s peo- 
 ple, to one'' s fathers, i. e. to die, to go 
 to the regions of the dead where the 
 
 fathers are ; something more, as the 
 connexion of these passages clearly 
 shows, than being buried in a tomb 
 with one''s forefathers ; although 
 Gen. 15: 15. 2 K. 22:20, appear^ 
 favour the latter supposition. 
 
 Pi. 1. i. q. Kal nos. 1,2. to gather, 
 receive. Judg. 19: 13. 
 
 2. to bring up the rear of an army. 
 Num. 10: 25. Jos. 6:9, 13. Is. 52: 12. 
 See Kal no. 5. 
 
 Pu.pass. of Kal no. 1. Is. 24: 22. 
 33:4. 
 
 Hithpa. reflex. Deut. 33: 5. 
 
 Deriv. out of course Pj'^pN . 
 
 lrjt372l-l and he drew back his feet up- VjD^ m. {collector) proper name of a 
 
 Levite, who was one of David's 
 chief musicians, and a poet, and had 
 the title of ntn {a seer.) 1 Chr. 6: 
 24. [39.] 15: H. 16:5.2 Chr. 29: 
 30. To hiti) are ascribed many of 
 the Psalms ; e. g. l. lxxiii. Lxxxiir. 
 
 on the bed. 1 Sam. 14: 20 "rp"^ ^tii 
 draw back thine hand. Ps. 104:29 
 )^^2^"l dni^ p]ph thou takest back or 
 away their life, they die. 26: S. Job 
 34:14 Joel 2: 10 the stars tlH^I 12DJ< 
 
 T : T : T 
 
 take back or withdraw their shining. 
 
 Gen. 30: 23 -nB-|n-ni< D^nbi* RD>: ^^'^ ^. ^^rbal from RD^J, dec, VI. m. 
 
 Godhastuken away my reproach. Is. " ,^ a gathering in, a harvest. Is. 32: 
 
 4:l.Ps.8o:4. iu:p: P]pNfofaA:eatyai/ 10. Mic 7- 1 
 
 one''s own life, i.e. to be the occasion 2. an eating up, consuming. Is. 
 
 of one's own death, Judg. 18: 25. 33:4. 
 
 4. to take out of the way, to kill, ^^t^^^ ^^ ^.^^^^^ ^^.^^ ^^^ ^ ^J^^^,_ 
 
 destroy. 1 Sam. 15: 6 ^TSi? '^CD^ 'IC "*'?, o t o".' 00 u 
 
 J . . 1 .. . J -.. tng together. Once Is. 24: 22, where 
 
 lest 1 kill thee with him. Ezek. 34: jj ^i^^g intensity to the finite verb. 
 fj.to bring up the rear, be a rereward, ^^?^^. f*. verbal from r\t:ii , dec. X. an 
 
 agmen claudere. Is. 58: 8 ; since the 
 rear completes the whole army. 
 Comp. Pi. no. 2. 
 
 Niph. 1. pass, and reflex, of Kal 
 no. 1. 
 
 2. pass, of Kal no. 2. to he receiv- 
 ed, spoken of a leper, Num. 12: 14. ^j,^^ 
 reflex, of the same, to withdraw it- ^ ^.?^. "^^sc. plur. verbal* from ^jDN, 
 .^tj//", spoken of the sword, Jer.47: 6. dec. T. b. 5/ore5. 1 Chr. 26: 15 rrz 
 
 3. to be taken awav, disappear^ d^SDNfl, and verse 17. without n'2r 
 
 7 " """' " 
 
 assembly, especially of wise men, 
 Ecc. 12: 11 niECJ< ^bP-Z masters, 
 i. e. members, of the assemblies of 
 wise men, i. q. parall. lD"'?2:::ln . The 
 Rabbins use this word with the same 
 signification. 
 
nbii 
 
 50 
 
 q 
 
 storehouse,^n apartment of the out- ^^|j^ ^^^ >^^^ ^ ^^^.^,^1 ^^^^ ^^^ 
 er temple towards the south. -^ v; -^ " ' 
 
 Neh. 12: 25 a"''13?*j;Jn '^b'O^ the store- dec. I. TOtw of abstinence. Num. 30: 
 rooms o/f/ie gates,' 3 ff. See ^Di< no. 6. 
 
 flpSpiSfm. verbal from ^Dij. coWeo- "1<5^. m- Chald. prohibition, Dan. 6: 
 r'iow of people^ a rabble. With the 8 ff. 
 
 article, 5]DCDNrT(Syr.for;iDSD^n.) .-^^j-j-.^^^, m. Esar-haddon. son of 
 Once Num. 11:4. ^ , "., ,. , . r^ tz 
 
 ...-^^ , X r.u ij ^ Sennacherib, king of Assyria. 2 K. 
 
 ffsJ liiDN (penacute) Chald. adv.carc- jg. 3^^ jg^ 37. 33^ Ez^a 4: 2. In Tob. 
 
 fully ^' diligently., speedily. Ezra 5: 8. l: 21, this name is written J^axtQ- 
 6:8,12, 13. 7: 17, 21, 26. The dovog ; in Ptolemy, .^^aracZin. 
 word is most probably not of Shem-jjj^ Ezra 5: 8, etc. i. q. 
 
 itish, but of Assyrian or Persian or- t ' 
 
 Heb. y^;, 5? being changed into fi?, 
 and V into y; see the letters i^,^, 
 and f. 
 I^PJ^, f. proper name of a Jewess, 
 the heroine of the book which 
 bears her name, who, accord- 
 ing to chap. 2: 7, was at first 
 called "ntyyn^ Hadassah. If, with 
 Hiller, we regard the name "nnCJ* 
 as a Persian translation of the He- 
 brew flOnrt. {myrtle^) then the for- 
 mer may be explained by com- 
 
 paring the Pers. /i (j-^t green 
 
 myrtle. The Jewish commenta- 
 tors, however, derive the name 
 
 from the Pers. rvXA*^l a star. 
 
 L SrjJ^ conj. prim. 1. also. 
 
 2. and. Cant. 1: 16. Job 14: 3 and 
 upon such an one direUest thou thine 
 eyes ? 
 
 3. yea rather^ imo.^ i.q. da no. 2. 
 Prov. 22:19 nnN-p]i "m'^Jlln / teach 
 
 thee., yea thee. Comp. Gr. 184. 2. 
 
 4 but, yet. Ps. 44: 10. 58: 3. Ecc. 
 2:9. 
 
 5. i. q. "'jJ 5)N how much less. Job 
 4: 19. 
 
 G.'^'D P|N literally also when. It also 
 signities (1.) how much more., after 
 an affirmation, 1 Sam. 14:30. 2 Sam. 
 4: 11. how much less^ after a nega- 
 tion, 1 K. 8: 27. (2.) i. q. ^'S yea. 
 Hab. 2: 5. (3.) Gen. 3: l, for "'S m'T}, 
 
 igm, (comp. the proper name 
 -iB^pN.) Its meaning is evident 
 from' ihe connexion in which it is 
 used. 
 
 IpiJ^, fut. ^bt;!.'?. and ^DN^:, part. act. 
 '"ipi^ poet, for -nONCGen. 49: 1 1.) 
 
 l". to bind.Geu. 49: 11. Ps. 118: 
 27. 
 
 2. to bind with fetters. Gen. 42: 
 24. Judg. 16: 5 if. Hence 
 
 3. to imprison, even without 
 binding. 2 K. 17:4. 23:33. (comp. 
 Gen. 42: 16.) T]^^)!^ imprisoned, Gen. 
 
 40: 3, 5. (In Arab. ^) idem.) 
 
 4. to yoke. 1 Sam. 6h 7, 10. 1 K. 
 18:44. iias^73 'iDN to harness a 
 
 T T . V - T 
 
 chariot, Gen. 4b: 29. Ex. 14: 6. 
 
 5. with n?3lnb)3 , to join battle, for 
 to make an attack. 1 K. 20: 14. 2 Chr. 
 13:3. 
 
 6. ittz ?^ ^D^^ ^pij to take 
 on one^s self a vow of abstinence, dif- 
 ferent from '^*^2 to vow that one will 
 
 -X 
 
 do something. Num. 30: 3 ff. e.g. 
 verse 10 nXCD ^5> n^Dfi^ 'Ti'i^ bb 
 every thing whereto she has bound 
 herself, i. e. to restrain herself from 
 the same. In Chaldaic, "iDN sig- 
 nifies to bind and to forbid; in Ara- 
 bic, D"in has the same significations, 
 bbn signifies to loose and to permit. 
 
 Niph. pass, of Kal nos. 1, 2. Gen. 
 42: 16. 
 
 Pu. to be taken prisoner. Is. 22:3. 
 
 Deriv. o\it of course I^DiJ, ^"'DN, 
 
It^ 
 
 51 
 
 ISi^ 
 
 is it indeed so that ? Luther correct- 
 ly : 2/ea, should God have said ? 
 
 V^_ Chald. idem. Dan. 6: 23. 
 II. Cji^ m. contraction of V^M verbal 
 from p]:ij to breathe^ (in Arabic 
 
 5c : 
 
 OlJf, ) dec. VIII. h. 
 
 1. 7iose, ;:)N n^A pride of nose, 
 i. e. of countenance, Ps. 10:4. ri5in 
 pjj^ the breathing of the nose, i. e. 
 anger, Job. 4:9. Hence 
 
 2. anger. p]N ^^2 an angry man, 
 Prov. 22: 24. Of very frequent oc- 
 currence is the phrase, 5]^l In'^H 
 anger is enkindled. See this and oth- 
 er phrases under the particular 
 verbs. 
 
 Dual D'JCN. ! nostrils, nose. Gen. 
 
 2: 7. Ex. 15: 8. 
 
 2. anger; especially in the phra- 
 ses, D'^SN 'l^P passionate, irascible ; 
 t3!?fi? ^1^. longsuffering. See these 
 words. 
 
 3. face, countenance. (Syr. f.a|) 
 
 Gen. 3: 19. Frequently occurs the 
 expression, he fell downl^'Z^^H Q^Si* 
 with his face towards the ground, Gen. 
 19: 1. 42: 6, etc. TIT "'BNb before the 
 face of David, 1 Sam. 25: 23, for 
 the usual "'asb. 
 
 4. <a>o persons. (So Syr. -S| 
 signifiesyhce, and per5on,like tt^jo'ctco- 
 710V, D''3B.) 1 Sam. 1: 5 nnfi< n2 
 D^CN a portion for two persons, i. e. 
 a double portion. 
 
 IDi^ ro pii on, to clothe, gird. Only 
 
 Ex. 29: 4. Lev. 8 : 7. where it is 
 applied to the girding on of the 
 ephod. 
 
 ^'^^^^ f. verbal from ncit, dec. X. 
 
 1 . i. q. intin. of 1Bi<, the girding 
 on of the ephod. o'nly Ex. 28:8 
 
 for girding it on, i. e. the girdle with 
 which one girds on the ephod, 
 which is upon it, etc. 39: 5. 
 
 2. the overlaying or plating of a 
 
 statue with gold or silver. Once 
 Is. 30: 22. Parall. "^tis^. Comp. Bar. 
 6: 8, 57. 
 
 I'jSfii , dec. VI. a. i. q. Syr. Ul^] 
 palace. Once Dan. 11: 45 '^!:.t^^^ 
 iU'lBJJ his palace tents or royal pa- 
 vilions. (Comp. Jer. 43: 10 Targ.) 
 
 nSDiJ , fut. nDN** . to bake. Gen. 19: 3. 
 Part. masc. rtBfc^, fern. InBfc^a fca/:er, 
 Gen. 40: 1. 1 Sam. 8: 13. A peculiar 
 construction occurs Lev. 24: 5, 
 thou shalt take meal, r;ni< D^ttil 
 niVn in'nip? d^nu: and 6a^e f/terc- 
 of twelve cakes. See Gr. 222. 3. 
 Niph. pass. Lev. 6: 10. [17.] 
 Deriv. out of course ilCN^. 
 
 iSij^^ and fi^iSfijt^ (to be carefully dis- 
 tinguished from tlb'^N 'a>/tere?)a prim- 
 itive particle, now, then, used as an 
 expletive and intensitive ; (l.)after 
 an interrogative word, NiBiJ H^ii 
 where now ? where then ? Job 17: 5. 
 Judg. 9: 38. Is. 19: 12. Hos. 13: 10. 
 fi^TDN "^^a "who then ? NiDfiJ n73 what 
 then"? Gen. 27: 37. Ex. 33: 16. 
 (2.) i^iCN fi'SI know then, know 
 now, 2 K. 10:' 10. Job 19: 6. rjDl: 
 i<TCi< come on then ! Gen. 27: 37. 
 ^32 NiCN n&<T !l\U? do this then, my 
 son, Prov. 6: 3. Gen. 43: 11 ]3 a^l 
 i^lDN if it is so then. Job 19: 23 
 ncij "jn^""^^ O that now. 
 
 llSfijt. m. (Syr. for nis^f.) verbal from 
 
 I. the ephod, a covering for the 
 breast or shoulders, in the dress of 
 the high-priest. It was a short 
 coat, one cubit long, consisting of 
 two parts, one of which went be- 
 fore and the other behind. These 
 were connected over the shoulders 
 by buckles. Ex. 28:612. The 
 garment under it is called ^"^a 
 n'iBNn, 28: 31. 29:5. Besides the 
 high-priest, it was also worn by Da- 
 vid, while engaged in a religious 
 service, 2 Sam. 6: 14 ; by Samuel, 
 while a youth ministering before 
 
l^wV 
 
 52 
 
 
 theLord lSarn.2:18;andbymany^h3S,N^ Q.353^s,. -j ^ 
 
 priests ot the lower order. r -r - ; -r 
 
 2. idol., (comp. rr^p^l no. 2.) ''"'25)t\ . suitable time, convenient 
 
 Judg. 8:27. probably Ju'dg. 17:5. titne. Once Prov.23: 11. (In Arab. 
 18: 17 20. perhaps also Hos. 3: 4. 5 ^ 
 
 ^^2>^ verbal adj. from obs. ^S.N, dec. ^^j ^'^^^'0 
 
 lilfa. literally dark, (see ^.?.i<;b?>^;) ^J^j^ ^; ca.e,/ai/, Acre an end. Gen., 
 hence /aie, backward as to growth, ^ r> t 
 
 from want of the fertilizing influ- '^^- ^^' 1^' ^^- ^''^ ^- ^^' ^^'' 4- 
 ence of the^sun. (Comp. Jer. 2: 6, D5>5 rn. verbal from DCi< , dec. VI. a. 
 
 1. end, extreme boundary. ''D5J< 
 y^Jl iAe entZs o/" f/ie earth, hyperbol- 
 ically for very remote countries, Ps. 
 2: 8. 22: 28, etc. Dual d^DSwV 
 Ezek. 47 : 3. according to the 
 Chald. Syr. Vulg. ankles. Others: 
 soles of the feet. (Comp. Chald D2 
 i. q. t\lDvola,planta; so p]p,i^, =>|3.) 
 
 2. adv. not. DSJ^n ?> there not? 
 2 Sam. 9: 3. D^.?2 i. q. fi<i^2 without, 
 Job 7:G. Prov. 14:28. 26: 2o! Dan. 8: 
 25. Also i. q. "^^{^^ iAere i* not, noii 
 est, Deut. 32: 36. Is. 5: 8. 
 
 3. nothing, Is. 34: 12. no one, 
 46:9. 
 
 4. ou(v. Num.22:35. 23:13. Is. 47. 
 8, 10 ii:^ ""SSNI ""rj^ / and only I 
 
 further, i. e. no one besides me. 
 Zeph 2: 15. 
 
 5. 'ID D?.5< only that, but, yet, never- 
 theless. Num. 13: 28. Deut, 15:4. 
 Am. 9: 8. 
 
 31.) Once Ex. 9:32. 
 
 I. p^Ss^^ m. verbal adj. from pi^, dec. 
 in. a. strong. Job 12:21. (parall. 
 n1'^:.) 41:7 Wp^l^ ''p^^Z^jhe strong 
 of his shields, for his strofig shields, 
 spoken of the scales of the croco- 
 dile. 
 
 II. p"'^^^ perhaps prim. dec. III. a. 
 
 1. valley, dale, (parall. JJ?";.^.) 
 Ezek. 6:3. 34:13. 35:8. 36:4,6. 
 especially one wherein brooks col- 
 lect, i. q. ^112. 
 
 2. brook. Ps. 126. 4. tj";^ ''p.''^^. 
 water-brooks, 42:2. Joel 1:20. Cant. 
 5: 12. D'^briD p^DwN5 brook of the val- 
 leys, Job 6: 15. 
 
 3. bed or channel of a river. Is. 8: 
 7. Ezek. 32: 6. d;; ''l^?-.^. bottom 
 o///iesea,2 Sam. 22:"l6. 
 
 4. perhaps canal, pipe. J oh 40: 18 
 ^"iJIti: ^J^^p^^ii brazen pipes. Others, 
 according to no. I. robora ceris, ^ ^^ 
 strong {bars) of brass. ^'^''^.'i ^?.^. proper name of a place 
 
 p^D5^ Qce P^^ ^" ^'^^ ^'^'^^^ cf Judah. Once 1 Sam. 
 
 [ '" ^ ' "" ^,5 17: 1. In iChr. 11:13, D^72:i-D?. 
 
 t:^5 an obs. root, i. q. Arab, jif J?^^} found only Is. 41: 24 
 
 to set, spoken of the sun ; to become 
 dark. Deriv. out of course ^""Sfi^, 
 
 'r'^p^ verbal adj. from obs. bCN. dark. 
 
 Am. 5:20. 
 ^? J5 m. ar>d rfe>^, plur. ni'-5JSt., f. 
 
 according to some, your work {is 
 worse) than {that of) the adder, mak- 
 ing i'DiV == rt^l-Di^. . But the close 
 
 resemblance of this passage with 
 verses 1 2,29, renders it highly prob- 
 able that the true reading is DDN. 
 It is so rendered by the Chald. Vulg. 
 Saad. 
 
 verbal from obs. bsi^ . 
 
 1. darkness. Ps. 11^2. Ex. 10: 22. ^^^^^ ^. ^j^ ^^ poisonous 
 
 2. no'uratively misfortune. J oh 23: '-' ' ' 
 
 dy misfortune 
 17. comp. ^-iJr no. 2. (1.) 
 
 'jSDLS^see'iiJW" 
 
 pent. (In Arab, (j-^^l id7n, from 
 the root ^^-^ tumido orefiavit^ also 
 
perhaps sibilavit.) Job 20: 16. Is. 30: 5 c ^ 
 
 (5^ 5y. 5^ Amb. ^ ^ pjfWifs avis.) Deut. 
 
 fjS^ to compass, surround; constru- 22:6. Ps. 84: 4. It is a verbal from 
 
 ed\vith an ace. 2 Sara. 22: 5. Ps. 18: ^1^^^ Hebrew signifying to sprout, 
 
 5. 116: 3. Jon. 2: 6. with r^, Ps. 40: spoken of plants ; but in Arabic al- 
 
 13. It retains in its inflect'ion the so to /mre ^/owno-, spoi^en of animals, 
 
 double e; thus ^ddJJ, '^:nD5.N. P"'")-.'^ found only Cant. 3: 9. sedan, 
 
 j^ii^iJ^, in Kal unused, but probably litter, portable couch. Sept. q.o^e7ov. 
 
 signifying to be strong. See deriv. Vulg.ferculum. In Syr. '^ja^ sig- 
 
 p'^Si'l no. I. (In Arab. Oti) to ex- nifies solium, sella, lectulus. Con- 
 
 cel, be distinguished, kindred with cerning the N,see p. 2. In Talmu- 
 
 , \ L \ f^ic, this word signifies a nuptial 
 
 \~?^^ to be superior.) i i ^ 
 
 Hithpa. literally to make one''s ' 
 self strong, to take to one^s self '^ ,]^,^. proper name. 
 
 strength. 1 Sam. 13: 12 psi<ni<l then l'. Joseph's second son, who in- 
 
 / strengthened myself, i'e.'Ttook Merited equally with the sons of Ja- 
 
 courage to transgress the command. ^^^'^ h^xicQ the tribe descended 
 
 Especially to restrain one's self, to from him, ov their territory, ih^Xim- 
 
 refrain, not to give vent to one's ^^^ ^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^ ^'ven, Jos. 16: 5 
 
 feelings, Gen. 45: 1 Joseph could not ^^* 
 
 restrain himself. 43: 31. Is. 42: 14. 2. also, the tribe of Ephraim be- 
 
 Est. 5: 10. Is. 63: 15 -^^j^ "riTsn-l '" ^^ "^^* powerful of the ten 
 
 " " ' ' ' " tribes, the whole kingdom of Israel. 
 
 !)peNr]ln thy love to-wards me restrains Hos. 1 2: 1 etc. 
 
 itself, or is become inactive. 64: 12. Note. As the name of a country, 
 
 pDiSl. proper name. ^^ '^ ^^ ^^^ ^"- S^^' ^^<^^- ^= ^ 
 
 " 1. a city in the tribe of Asher. ^'^l^>'^i ^^^^^- "^^'^- P^"^' "'^^"^ ^^ 
 
 Jos. 13: 4. 19: 30. also called p'^CN a people out of which a colony was 
 
 Judg. 1:31. The same city is prob- brought to Samaria. Ezra 4: 9. 
 
 ably intended 1 K. 20: 26 34. Some make them the Parrhadi, in 
 
 2. another city, probably in the ^^^ f^^^ ^ Media ; others, the 
 
 tribe of Issachar. 1 Sam. 4: 1. 29: Persians. 
 
 l.comp.28.4 Which of the two fi<^:DDl?*5l, Ezra5:6.and J^^^inDnSJ^ 
 
 places is meant Jos. 12: 18, is "^ ' ' , r^ /-u 1 1 "^ i' '\,'' 
 
 uncertain. Different from thes^ is Ezra4:9 Chald. masc plur. the 
 
 ^ names,m like manner, oi two nations 
 
 * ^E?.^. 5i city in the mountainous dis- which were in subjection to the As- 
 
 trict'ofJudah. Once Jos. 15: 53. ^3^^^^"^* T^^e Jatter name has beea 
 
 ^^ compared with Parasitaceni, Pa- 
 
 -i;:^ m. ashes. Gen. 18: 27. etc. rcetaceni, a people of Media. 
 
 "It^i^ m. found only 1 K. 20: 38,42. ti^^i^ Gen. 48: 7. and MHII:^ 
 
 f lead- band, turban, a covering for the (penacute) Gen. 35: 16, 19. Ruth 4: 
 
 head. By metath. for 'nNS (q,v.)or 11. 
 
 elsei.q. ^s:? (n being put for i?j 1. proper name of a city; also 
 
 coo V. N Tn^r!! '.-.^..-r. c I?.* u c/ciWed Beth-lehem of Juduh.-dnd Beth' 
 
 see N.) from ^D:.m Syr. Eltaph. m- ^^^^^^ Ephratah. Mic. 5: 1. 
 
 dutus est cum cidari. 2. probably i. q. D^:i2w\, Ps. 
 
 nnSfiJ m. (with prosth. ^*) dec. I. b. 132:6. 
 
 a young bird. (Comp. nn")D, and '^ri'lSiJ. a gentile noun, from ri^iDN. 
 
^2i 
 
 54 
 
 IpN 
 
 1 fl;pAroiAi(e.Ruthl:2.1Sam. l.tj^N l .,<* Jaci, construed 
 17: 12. - ' 
 
 2. an Ephraimite. 1 K. 11:26. 
 iSam. 1:1. 
 
 QhSi^ Chald. found only Ezra 4: 13 
 pninn d''D^^ QhSJ^*) usually ren- 
 dered, and It shall endamage the 
 royal treasury ; comp. verses 15,22, 
 in which DlnsN is omitted. This 
 explanation is destitute of etymo- 
 logical proof. The ancient trans- 
 lators only give the sense. 
 
 5^!2!2fi;5 f (with prosth. i^ perhaps 
 
 with 
 173 of the thing. Num. 11:17 / 
 will take hack of the spirit, 
 
 2. to refuse^ keep back^ constru- 
 ed with "JTJ. Ecc. 2: 10 / refused it 
 not to them. 
 
 3. to reserve, construed with h of 
 the person. Gen. 27: 36. ( Comp. 
 b^'^liT: and Dtl^ with b.) 
 
 Niph. to be drawn back, to be con- 
 tracted. Ezek. 42: 6. 
 
 Hiph. fut. bi?N^l, i. q. Kal. Num. 
 11:25. 
 
 pHm.dec.II.c.(In Chald. ir^rn Arab. H l^n^jj ^^^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^ ^ech. 14 
 
 ftj^.^), hut in modern Arabic 
 without the prosth. i<.) 
 
 1. finger. Ex.31: 18. especially 
 forefinger, Lev. 4: 6 if. 14: 16. Ex. 8. 
 
 15 i^^il D'^np^?. ^^'^^. this is the fin- 
 ger of God^ i. e. God's power is 
 here displayed. In plur. nis^'a^i^. 
 fingers, hand. Ps. 8:4. 144: 1. 
 
 2. with ^<^'^^,toes. 2Sam.21:20. 
 
 5 in pause, (probably for b^.^:*,) ap- 
 pears to be the proper name of a 
 place. As the proper name of a per- 
 son it stands also in pause 1 Chr. 8: 
 38. 9: 44, for biifij 8: 37. 9: 43. If 
 it denoted yboi of a mountain, i. q. 
 
 5 cc 
 
 Arab. \^U it would be pointed 
 i^2:t$ , in pause ^m 
 
 b"^^}^^ dec. Ill.a.l. noble^ chief Ex. 24: h^^, adv. by theside of, by, near. (De- 
 rived from b2&t i. q- bs^"^ = Arab. 
 
 11. (In Arab. jW-^' sprung from 
 
 an ancient and noble stock; iV^' 
 roof, stock, nobility.) 
 
 2. Vl^" "'V."'^^; ^^- ^^ = ^' ^"' 
 tant countries of the earth, joined 
 '.vith yiNll ^"^^j? ^"^* ^f ^^^ earth. 
 
 VjOft to join, unite. Comp. b^Sti^.) 
 With suff. -^^lij^. etc. i^iTNQ i. q. ni;?3 
 from beside, d'e chez, 1 K. 3:20. iSam. 
 20:41 a^^.Stl bi;Nr)/ro7rt the south. 
 also, the force of "j^ being lost, i. q. 
 biSN, Ezek. 40:7. 
 
 Probably i. q b^Iii^ ^AouWer appli- ^^^-^^^ ^ .^trictly i. q. ^^^^, with 
 ed figuratively to the earth, like -r -r ; v ^ -^ ^ ^^ ' 
 
 nis::s, D^-^3'n^ Others explain this t< prosth.) clasp, bracelet. 2 Sam. 1: 
 passage from no. 1. ! ^um. 31: 50. 
 
 b"^^^_ (verbal from biiN i. q. !:ir- = '^'4^' ^o heap up, lay up. 2 K. 20: 17. 
 ^^^ " ~" Am. 3: 10. Deriv. 'nitiN. 
 
 Arab. A-^ to join,) dec. I. b. a 
 
 joining, juncture. Hence t3']'n|^ b'^SSJJ 
 juncture of the hands, or of the arms, 
 for the arm-pit, or shoulder, Jer. 38: 
 12. Ezek. 13: 18. 41:8. The pas- 
 
 Niph. pass, of Kal. Is. 23: 18. 
 
 Hiph. denom. from ^iiN,l pers. 
 fut. n^^^iiS Chald. for ri'i^irtti^. to 
 appoint for a treasurer^ construed 
 
 with!:?, Neh. 13:13. 
 sage in Jer. particularly favours j-j^t^p^ m. verbal from nnp . name of 
 
 a precious stone, perhaps a carbun- 
 cle. Once Is. 51: 12. The deriva- 
 tion shows it to be o[ a fiery spark- 
 
 this interpretation. The other 
 passages seem to require wrist, or, 
 according to some, the juncture of 
 the fingers zrith the hand. It is difii- 
 rult to decide. 
 
 ling nature. 
 
n'-l^^ 
 
 5^ 
 
 :2-)w>5 
 
 Ipi^ m. prob. wild-goat. Once Deut. 
 
 14: 5. So the Targums, 2 Arab. Syr. 
 
 and many Rabbins. We may compare 
 
 5. la- 
 this name with the Arab. OV-\C a 
 
 goat (a Samar. M.S. has 'ips?) and 
 with Nj?^ a he-goat in the Talmud. 
 Ifi^ see "IIN light, and l^*] river. 
 
 ^^^."^^. found only Is. 33: 7. prob. 
 the heroes, formed from ^N1i< i. q. 
 b{"''ni< a hero^ by adding the tei-min- 
 ation D^r? which gives the noun 
 the force of a collective, as in D2S. 
 Otheri : their heroes, making till 
 a suffix, and i'N^iN a collective. 
 
 ;3>^, fut. :2n<\ 
 
 1. strictly to tie, nectere, as in 
 Arabic. Only in deriy. nanfi* , 
 
 2. figuratively to lay snares, suert 
 dolos, xuKcc Qamav; and particular- 
 ly, to lay wait, to lie in ambush for 
 any one, construed with ^, Deut. 19. 
 11. Prov. 1: 11, 18. 24: I'S. with Vy, 
 Judg. 9: 34. Part. i'^iNone laying 
 wait, collect, a party lying in a7n- 
 bush, an ambush, Jos. 8: 14, 19, 21. 
 Judg. 20: 33, 36, 37, 38. sometimes 
 with a plur. verb, verse 37 i^i^n 
 TiJ'^nn the ambush hastened. Comp. 
 Jos. s': 12. 
 
 Pi. idem. Judg. 9: 25. 
 Hiph. fut nn'i fornitt^l, 1 Sam. 
 15: 5. to place an ambush, 
 Deriv. out of course i^Mtt. 
 
 T "J ~ 
 
 ^'^^. proper name of a city in the 
 hilly country of Judah. Josh. 1 5: 52. 
 Hence the gentile noun ''ani^, 2 
 Sam. 23: 35. 
 
 ^"IJ^. m. verbal from i'njj. 
 
 1. a laying wait. Job 38: 40. 
 
 2. detis or lurkingplaces, for wild 
 beasts. Job 37: 8. 
 
 D12^ verbal from i'nN, dec. VI. m. 
 
 ambush, snares, fraud. Jer. 9: 7. 
 7^^S15< Hos. 10: 14. see i^J^a^fi^ n"*?.. 
 nSI^^ m. (verbal from nnn to multi- 
 
 ply,) the locust. Ex. 10. 4ff. Lev. 11: 
 22. Joel 1:4. Ps. 78: 46. It is of- 
 ten mentioned in connexion with 
 the various species of locusts, in 
 which the east is so abundant, (Bo- 
 charti Hieroz. T. II. p. 447.) and 
 then denotes a particular species, 
 perhaps the common migratory 
 locust, {gryllus gregarius, Linn.) 
 Some suppose that the different 
 names in Lev. xi. and Joel i. do not 
 denote different species of locusts, 
 but different states or conditions of 
 the same species. But this idea 
 is incorrect, for in Lev. 11: 22, it is 
 added after each of these names, 
 i3''23i? after his kind. 
 
 n2l"li^, plur. niiaiN , const. nin'nN . 
 Is. 25: 11 Ae {Jehovah) humbles his 
 pride T^n^ nin^N fi^ and punish- 
 es the craft of his hands, (by a natu- 
 ral zeugma.) Others explain na'^J^ 
 
 ^?']t ^'*^ ^y^^St closing, or clinching 
 of the hand i.e. the fist, as an emblem 
 of violence. 
 
 nSlJ^ f verbal from S'nN no. l.dec.X, 
 strictly a grate, lattice. Hence 
 
 1. window. Ecc. 12:3. 
 
 2. with D^^vljli, windows or slui- 
 ces of heaven, 'by the opening of 
 which showers of rain descend. Gen. 
 7: 1 1. 8:2. i K .7:19. Is. 24: 18. Mai. 
 3:10. 
 
 3. dove-hole, dove-window. Is. 
 60:8. 
 
 4. chimney, opening threugh which 
 the smoke rises. Hos. 13: 3. 
 
 ini2l")Nl^ proper name of a place^ 
 probably in the tribe of Judah. 
 Once 1 K. 4: 10. 
 
 ^T]^ f. and n2?^"]i^, const, n^anfij 
 m. (see Gr.App. A.) a prim, numer- 
 al, four. It stands for yan , the j 
 being prosthetic, and wanting in all 
 the derivatives ; e. g. ^'2"), '3>'^l3'nj 
 ynh, etc. With suff. Dn^?"!^ they 
 four, Ezek. 1:8, 10. Dual DWa^i^ 
 fourfold, 2 Sdm. 12: 6. 
 
 Plur. D"*^a")^ forty. Gen. 8: 6. 
 Like seven and seventy, it is also used 
 
bytbeShemiteforaroundnumber.-^^S^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^, , ^.^^ ^^ 
 
 Comp. Gen. 7: 17. Jon. 3: 4. Lzek. -- * 
 
 4: 6. Matt. 4: 2. So in Persian ; accus. of the plant, to strip ; e. g. 
 
 e.g. Chilminar, {forty pillars,) a the vine. Ps. 80: 13. (In Ethiopic 
 
 long colonnade, applied to the ru- ''^N and ^-i^ idem.) 
 
 ins of Persepolis. '^'H^? Chald. seel behold! Dan. 7:5,6. 
 
 5?Ii1>^ and fiP^I^J Chald. idem. /' ,.,,,,.. t ^^t 
 
 ^' ' ~ ^ : :- It IS like the Arabic imper. i vn? see. 
 
 5?!ll1iJ5(/ow^)propernameofon8of the Conip. ribN. ^ 
 
 Enakite giants. Josh. 14: 15. 13: ^"T-iJ^ proper name. .Bradus, a Pheni- 
 
 13.21:11. See rs'lN-iTT'np. " .' . . , ., , 
 
 - " ' cian city, situated on a small island 
 
 ^"1^, fut. 5hiN:\ 1. to twist. Judg. 16 : near the main land. Ezek. 27: 8, 1 1. 
 
 13. The gentile noun is ""^ini^, Gen. 
 
 2. to weave. Is. 69: 6. Part. masc. 10:18. The island is now called 
 
 ^^^?, fern. ^^"}i5 a weaver^ Ex, 28: Ruad. 
 
 ^ 32. 2 K. 23: 7." ^^-) j< adj.denom. from T^.i^., dec III. c. 
 
 5"J>^. m. verbal from :;^ij. ^.^^^ o/ce(?ar.Ezek.27:24.According 
 
 1. web. Judg. 16: 14. 5^5 
 
 2. zwearer's shuttle, radius. Job to others, i.q. Arab, /^pl ^^''^i ^fa- 
 7: 6. ble. 
 
 Urnj^ proper name of a country held nlD^INl and tUD^li^ f. dec. X. 
 
 by Og king of Bashan, having sixty (Probably a verbal from obsolete 
 
 cities. Deut 3:4, 13. 1 K.4: 13. ^$ 
 
 JI^-IN: Chald. i. q. Heb. )12J^-]i^_ pur^ 1^^. = A^^^' ^fj ^^ ^' ^'^^'^ > 
 
 ^ple. Dan. 5:7, 16,29. (In' Arab. - C^ 1 
 
 -> ^ ^ ^ c^ ^ / " .^a 7 N . , which has a deriv. ^>.Jrl a bind- 
 
 (oti^:>/.f) Syr. Ma^l idem.) Also -J, 
 
 ^ ' J ing up^ a healing, 
 
 in Hebrew, 2 Chr. 2: 6. 1, bandage of a wound. ti'::J11, 
 
 T-^'n^^ m. box, chest, coffer, fixed to the ^ tlS'li;? to put a plaster or bandage 
 
 side of a wagon. 1 Sam. 6: 8, 11, 15. o?i any one, Jer. 30: 17. 33:6. (for 
 
 Probably from t^^ to shake, tremble; the most part figuratively.) Hence 
 
 , J.1\^ , ^ passively, Jer. 8: 22 fi31Ji Sinbs? 
 
 whence m Arab, o/^v.:^/^ a bag of , , , , 7 ^"'' ^'^ 
 
 ^ "^ o ^ ^/jg bandage is laid on. 
 
 s/ofies, which was wont to be placed 2. figuratively healing, cure, 
 
 on the camel's side to preserve the health; the figure being generally 
 
 balance. The Jt is prosthetic. preserved, Neh. 4: 1 [7] S-tn!:y 
 
 ))2^'^i^m.reddishpurple or any thingcol- ^^^2^r\b J^5tl^^J the walls were 
 
 7ured therewith.EK.xxv.-xxvn.li was ^^ade whole or repaired. 2 Chr. 24: 
 
 obtained from a shell-fish, common 13. but sometimes not. Is. 58: 8 
 
 on the Syrian coast, called in Greek ^^p.^n ^^yi!^^. 1^?>V: % ^'^"'* 
 
 jiOQcpvQa purpura ; and is to be dis- shall spring forth speedily. 
 
 tinfifuished from the violet or bluish bv^t.^wk r -^ * 
 
 * , .^, / X ni, . , i/j" iN proper name oi a city not 
 
 purple, n^Sn (q.v.) The etymology -r -: * r J 
 
 is uncertain.' Bochart (Hieroz. II, p. fiir from Shechem. Once Judg. 9: 
 
 740 if.) and others consider j1{0^^ ^l- ^ome compare HJy^^ 2 K. 23: 
 
 as the original word, and as equiva- 36. 
 
 lent to j^.n^^nN: Syrian colour, from ^'21")^?, 2 K. 16 : 6 Kethib, for 
 
 12^^, Syria, andpQ^ colour. D"^72^Nt Syrians. But the reading 
 
n-iwx 
 
 57 
 
 '^Ifi* 
 
 of the Keri Q'^^i'ii^ Edomites, is to 
 be preferred. 
 jillij com. (m. 1 Sam. 6: 8. f. 2 Chr. 
 8: 11.) dec. III. a. Whether the ] is 
 radical or servile, is uncertain. If it 
 is servile, this noun may be deriv- 
 ed from iT^.N to gather. 
 
 1. chest.^box. 2 K. 12: 10, 11. 
 d'^Jlb^, X^^i<. chest of God, 1 Sam. 
 3: 3. n^nzil "JT^lN chest of the cove- 
 nant, Josh. 3: 6. and niiyrj 'fi< chest 
 of the law, Ex. 25 : 22. which are 
 different names for the holy chest 
 or ark, containing the tables of the 
 law, and placed in the taberna- 
 cle, and afterwards in the temple. 
 
 2.cqffin, mummy- chest. Gen. 50:26. 
 
 riil*J5C plur. fem.const. n^!'l^?, 2 Chr. 
 32:' 28. 1 K. 5: 6. [4: 26.J and"ni'^-).\, 
 const, ni'^'n&i, 2 Chr. 9: 25. separate 
 stalls in a stable for large cattle, or 
 
 the stable itself (Arab. (jJ^T* and 
 
 S ^ 
 
 (JTpl, Aram. fi^^'iN, HJ'^N and 
 
 f.j^o| stall, crib.) To such a stall 
 
 always belonged a certain number 
 of horses or oxen, so that this word 
 was also used for the animals them- 
 selves. (Comp. the word team in 
 English.) See 1 K. 5: 6. also 2 Chr. 
 9: 25. Comp. 1 K. 10:26. 
 
 "Ifi^ no. dec. VI. a. cedar-tree. Lev. 1 4: 
 4,6, 49. In Chaldaic and Syriac, oc- 
 curs the same word ; and the in- 
 habitants of Lebanon at the present 
 day call this tree ars. In Aram, 
 this name is applied to several sim- 
 ilar trees ; e.g. to the pine tree ; on 
 which account the ancient versions 
 differ in rendering this word. 
 Hence cedar wainscoting, 1 K, 6: 1 8. 
 Deriv. Tl"lN. 
 
 >T"lfi^ fern, of T'lJ^, used collectively. 
 cedar-work, cedar "ssainscoting. Zeph. 
 2: 14. Comp. rXV fem.collect. from 
 
 n- 
 
 H")^ to go, to travel Job 34: 8. Part. 
 ~^ 8 
 
 tl'l^fi^ travelling, a traveller. Judg. 19; 
 17. 2 Sam. 12:4. Jer 9i 1. 
 
 n"l^, plur. n^^'^^J1 com. gen. verbal 
 from rr^i^, dec. Vl.n. 
 
 1. way., path, i. q. T^'^'i. (In He- 
 brew it is used only in poetry. In 
 Aram, it is the usual word.) Gen. 
 49: 17. Judg. 5: 6. and often in Job, 
 Isaiah, Psalms, and Proverbs. 
 
 2. traveller, i. q. n^lfi^ 'ij'^^l. Jo^ 
 31:32. comp. Gr. ICl. note. Al- 
 so collectively,acararan, i.q. IrtfT^i^, 
 Job 6:19 iiJ2^r\ t)^n^ii the caravans 
 of Tema. 
 
 3. figuratively manner of con- 
 ducting, conduct, comp. ^'IT no. 2. 
 Ps. 17:4. 25: 10. 
 
 4. lot, fate, destiny. Job 8: 13 
 such is the fate of all z^ho forget God. 
 Prov. 1: 19. 
 
 5. way, manner. Job 22: 15. Al- 
 so in prose, Gen. 18: 11 n^'^ilb b^l^} 
 D''*piS tTlN S^'nilib it had ceased to 
 be with Sarah after the manner of 
 women. Comp. 31: 35 *^\ D^'^3 ^'n?, 
 it is with me after the manner of wo- 
 men. 
 
 ni^, plur. 'jn^M,Chald. ic/em.Dan.4: 
 34. [37.] b:W 
 
 nnifi^ f. verbal from n^N, dec. X. 
 step, course, going. Is. 3: 12 ^'^," 
 ^^nTfTli^^/ic way in which thou goest. 
 Prov. 3:6. 9: 15. 
 
 2. company of travellers, a cara- 
 van. Gen. 37:25. Is. 21:13. 
 
 rilTliS}^ f. dec. X. stated portion, espe- 
 cially of food which is regularly 
 furnished to any one, 2 K. 25: 30. 
 Jer. 52 : 34. a portion generally, 
 Prov. 15: 17 p^^ nri"ni<a portion of 
 herbs. Jer. 40 : 5. Derived from obs. 
 trnij = Arab. ptT? to fix the time, 
 to'date, ^ 
 
 *^"1^, and n^"]^ (with ;-?_- parag. 
 comp. miJN, ntrr) m. lion. Is. 21:8 
 ^?.1^ N1p*1 then he cried as a lion. 
 comp. Rev. 10: 3. Plur. d'^';'lkN{ 1. K. 
 ]0:20.and ni"n>{. Judg. 14:5.* The 
 
v^ 
 
 58 
 
 aiN* 
 
 latter is also of the raasc. gen. 1 K. 
 7:36. 10: lU. 
 
 ^!!"!^ Chald. plur. "Ji^^JN, m. idem. 
 
 Dan. 6: 0. 7:4. 
 /iO*li< m. (compounded of inJ and 
 
 1. lion of Gods a name which the 
 Arabians also give to a bold hero. Bo- 
 charti Hieroz. 1. p. 716,757. 2 Sam, 
 23: 20. 
 
 2. altar of God., (compounded of 
 
 "1^. '^- ^' ^"^ ^.-^vT' fire-hearth.) 
 
 from c^f io 6i<rrt, and bwN.) So the 
 altar of burnt-offering is called, 
 Kzek. 43: 15, 16. and Jerusalem. Is. 
 2i): 1, 2. b-cause the altar of God 
 was there. 
 
 ) ' 1^ an Assyrio-chaldcan proper 
 nafoe. 
 
 1 a king of Eliasnr. Gen. 14: 1, 9. 
 
 2. a captain of the bod\'-guard 
 
 in the Chaldean court. Dan. 2: 14. 
 
 nin.Ni see nin.s*. 
 
 )T1^ io be or grow long. Ezek. 31: 5. 
 Gen. 26: 8 Dp ib-TD^5^ ^3 ^-"^n 
 D-XJ"^^ when he had been there a 
 longtime. Comp. Ezek. 12: 22. 
 
 Hiph. 1. trans, to make long., ^^^^ 
 lengthen, prolong. Here pertain the '-^l.^ f. Chald. lengthening 
 phrases; (1.) iu:C2 ^'nj^^r Job 6: 1 1. gaiion. Dan. 4: 24. [27.] 7: 12. 
 andiE^ls.48:97FroV:i9:il.^o6e p^-^.s^ see flinj^. 
 patient., long-suffering. (2.) *T''nN?l ^. "i -^ ": 
 
 ^.^121 to prolong his days., to live long. H^^SlJ^ f, Chald. knee. Dan 5: 6. In 
 Dent. 4: 26, 40. 5: 30. [33.] 17: 20, tlie Tarrruras, without prosthetic 5<, 
 etc. Also without ID^^;^, Fro v. 28:2. ^^^^ ^^^^^ ^ ^^etath. i. q. Heb. 
 Ecc. 7: 15 '5n^""i2: rr-^-iN'?: ^^'\ .^ " ' " 
 wicked man living lona^ in his wicked- i -y,* '' 
 
 7,.css. 8: 12. (3.) with "ji^b , to stick ^Jv. i^.^ramea, Sijria, and (as masc.) 
 out the tongue in derision. ^ is, 57: 4. the Syrians., 1 K. 20: 26. This name, 
 
 which in its widest sense includes 
 Mesopotamia, was known also to 
 the Greeks, at least as the name of 
 a people, ^^ql^ol., ^^Qufiaiot. See 
 Strabo, xxii. p. 627.xvi. p. 785. Ac- 
 cording to Gen. 10: 22, Aram was 
 a son of Shera ; and in chap. 22:21, 
 the same name is given to one 
 of his remote descendants, the son 
 of Nahor. The different parts of 
 Arumea are distinguished thus, (1.) 
 
 '^^lii^ verbal adj. from "^^Sj, dec. V. c. 
 found only in the const, state 
 ^")>\. long. Ezek. 17:3 'n^Nil ^"l^f 
 with long feathers. Ecc. 7: 8 ^^N. 
 tl^^l long-suffering. Besides these,on- 
 ly in the common phrase d^EN ^^.fi* 
 /on^'-*5M^erin^ ,Ex. 34:6, etc. Jer. 15:15 
 ^wnivn 'r^Si^ ^li<b b{< take me not 
 away by being long-suffering., i. e. 
 through thy long-suffering (towards 
 my enemies.) ^ni^.b stands here for 
 
 )*^.^, pi'oper name. Found only Gen. 
 10: 10. According to the Targums, 
 Jerome,and EphremSyrus, Erfe^^a, in 
 Mesopotamia,now called Ourfa. See 
 Michaelis Spicileg. Geogr. T. I. p. 
 220 ff. The gentile noun ""S^S* 2 
 Sam. 15: 32. 16: 16. may refer to 
 this place ; as also, with more cer- 
 tainty, the Chald. N^l^l^ Ezra 4:9. 
 
 :i"*;^ m. verbal from ^"^.N, dec. Vl.m. 
 
 ; V t " -r' 
 
 length. Gen. 6; 15. with t3"^^^, 
 length of life, Fs. 21: 5. 0^72^ ^"^.fi?^ 
 one''s life long^ 23: 6. 
 .jlij, fem. mS'-iN verbal adj. from 
 
 ^IN. long., lasting. 2 Sam. 3: 1. 
 JoVll:9. 
 
 pi'olon- 
 
 2. intrans. to be long. 1 K. 8: 8. 
 Applied to time, to be prolonged., 
 T^IO^ ^D'^"]Nrt his days are prolonged^ 
 he lives long., Ex.20: 12. Deut. 5: 
 16.6:2. 25: 15. 
 
 3. to tarry., delay., strictly to make 
 it long. Num.9: 19, 22. 
 
 i'n^?^ Chci\(\.idem. But part. ^"^^J? meet^ 
 suitable. (So in Talmud 'Ijii^ i. q. 
 "r^yj to ft, adjust.) Ezra 4: 14.' 
 
pX 59 ^ S-ii 
 
 '^^'^v/S ^^^. Syria of the two rivers, however, have sometimes different 
 the land between the Tigris and Eu- significations in the different dia- 
 phrates, Mesopotamia^ Gen. 24: 10. lects. 
 also called t)^5 "I-S the plain o/,^^^.. , ^ ^^-^^t . ^ 
 
 %na, Gen. 25: io. 28:2,5,6,7. 31: ^?-?->^ 0" ^'^^- ^-^J^' ) ^- epicene. 
 18. (2.) ns^i: D^wNt Syria of Zobah, prim. hare. Only Lev. 11:6. Beuti 
 a kingdom, northeast of Damascus, ^^' ^ 
 
 frequently engaged in war with ^mi^ a brook and valley of the same 
 Israel. See nni:^. (3.) ip^m q-jj^ ^arne, forming the northern bounda- 
 Syria of Damascus. (4.) Q-^J^ ry of the country of Moab. Num.21: 
 m'n'l-n''2 Syria of Beth-rehob, 2 13. Deut. 3: 8, 12, 16. 4:48. Ac- 
 Sam." 10:6, its capital -irjiri ninin-] cording to Seetzen, its present 
 on an arm of the Euphrates. name is Mujeb. 
 
 *'^."1^., fem. n' a gentile noun from 5?")>?., 1^5>'"l&^ , Chald. 
 
 a>X, an Jiramean, Syrian. Plur. ~ \ i{, l^'^^h^ i,. Heb. V^.V. Dan. 
 
 d^;.nN 2K.8:29. 2^35 j^^ j^^ j, Concerning the 
 
 ^^^^^?. idem\ but found only in the interchange ofyandy, see the let* 
 
 fem. n''7J"nN an adv. in ^ramean, in ter i'. 
 
 the .iramlan, i.e. the Syrian or 2- adv icte ; with 1(0,, lower 
 
 Chaldaic,/5age. Dan.S-t. Ezra l^'""' 'f/^="'"" '".. ^'"'- '^ ^ ^^^^ 
 .. o o Hence the grammatical expression 
 
 *H-.^w% ^'ibT: for :.*\Nb?3 {accented) belo-jt;, 
 
 P12-lw>i m. Plur. m-:^^-|N, const. i.;! on the laU syllable, o'ri^ro.o v. 
 
 rr^S^'lJ^ (from an obs. sing, form Hence 
 
 I^I.N.) Probably derived from D^iN '^i^lJ^ Chald. adj. from 2>^wN. low. 
 
 i. q. Arab, f^r, and Heb. D^^ to be t^""' ^^ ""^'"^ " ^'^' ^^^' ^'^^^'^^'' 
 ly?-^ Dan. 6: 25. 
 
 . t I K T ^^ .^ 'l'n&^ a city and country in Syria, 
 
 1. palace. Is. 26: 2. Jer. 30: 18. - : " _. \, .. ,.\ .^ f / 
 
 \ro 1-4 7 10 12 etc near Hamath, with which it is of- 
 
 * 2*. in 'ik. 16:18. SK. 15:25, it * joined, and which for a time 
 
 must be a part of the royal citadel ^ad its own king.. 2 K. 18: 34 19: 
 
 or palace; hence 'i^uri n-z 1-i^-iN ^^'' , ^''}^: 9- Jer.49 : 23. Some 
 
 \ ,. , 'V*, "', -r contound it with ni^N (q. v.) 
 
 perhaps the harem of the royal pal- -^ x :- \i ^ 
 
 ace. (So we use seraglio sometimes 1p-^^1^ Gen. lO: 22, 24. 11: 12, 13. 
 
 for the whole royal residence, and ^ame' of a son of Shem. The 
 
 sometimes for the harem.) ^^^^^ of his brethren are most of 
 
 *j"lJ^ m. name of a tree. Once Is. 44: them also names of countries. If 
 
 H. Usually rendered (on account this is the case with Arphaxad, the^ 
 
 of the similarity of the names, "^ost probable supposition is that ot 
 
 which in plants is of considerable Josephus, that it denotes Chaldea. 
 
 weight,)ornu5,an ash. But according It may be compounded of P)-^N,Arab. 
 
 to Celsms jHierobot.P.i.p.l92.) i.q. i^jf, limits, territory, and ni:;;.S the 
 
 Arab. (!)(/! a prickly tree of Ara- 'f^^ ^^"?, ^'^'^'^ comes ^"^ipsCAa/- 
 
 .. ^ 1 , . . dean. The name oi Chesed was 
 
 bia Petrea, producing berries m preserved in the family of Arphax^ 
 
 clusters, which at first are green ^^ ggg q^^^ 22: 22. 
 
 and bitter, but afterwards of a dark .^ J " 
 
 red colour, and which are used as Y J^. com. gen. (masc. rarely. Gen. 
 
 a medicine. The same names, 13:6. Is. 9: 18.) prim. dec. VI. b. 
 
nnx 
 
 60 
 
 nni^ 
 
 1 . earth ; also inhabitants of the 
 earth, Gen. 6: 11. 11: 1. 
 
 2. land; e.g. C'^'lSi^ Vl^. ^^^ 
 ZancZ of Egypt. Sometimes, by way 
 of eminence, Palestine^ Joel 1: 2. 
 ^i2'ni< m?/ land, says the Hebrew, 
 for ' my native country.^ Jon. 1: 8. 
 Gen. 30: 25. 
 
 3. jurisdiction of a city. Josh. 8: 1. 
 Plur. ITiii^i^. lands. Gen 10: 5, 
 
 20, 31. In the' later Hebrew style, 
 JniiZ'niN: denotes other lands., heathe^i 
 lands, in opposition to Palestine, (as 
 D^i 5 other nations, gentile nations ;) 
 e. g. m'^i'lNTT "'"a^ the people of 
 (other) lands, Ychr. 13: 9. 32:13,17. 
 2 K. 18:35. Ezra 9: 1,2, 11. Neh. 
 9: 30. 10: 29. m':i^i?^ii niiD^'^^a the 
 kingdoms of {other) lands, 1 Chr. 29: 
 30. 2 Chr. 12: 8. 17: 10. comp. Ez- 
 ra 9 : 7. In Ezekiel and several 
 passages of Jeremiah we see this 
 usage in its oiigln, comp. Ezek. 5: 
 6.11:17. 12:15. 20: 23. 22: 15. es- 
 pecially 20 : 32. 22: 1. With n lo- 
 cal, tl^n;^ to the earth, freq. In 
 some places the He is only para- 
 gogic, and n'.^N i.q. Y'n^f, Job 34: 
 13. 37: 12. h. 8: 23. The accent 
 on the penult shows that it is not 
 a feminine form. 
 
 p"l^. Chald. i. q. ^'iJ?, (the ^, which 
 the ancients sometimes pronounced 
 like g hard, being commuled into p.) 
 earth. Once Jer. 10: 11. Id the 
 Targums frequent. 
 
 ij^ to curse, execrate, construed with 
 an ace. Gen. 12:3. "zl: 29. Job 3: 
 8 Di"* "'^^'l^? those who curse the day, 
 i, e. magicians, to whose execra- 
 tions a certain etlicac}^ was attribu- 
 ted. Imper. ^*^N Num. 22 : 6. 
 23: 7. 
 
 Niph. part. ni<3 Mai. 3: 9, af- 
 ter the form bn^ ^ 
 
 Pi. ^^vNJ }. i."q. Kal. Gen. 5: 29. 
 
 2. to bring a curse. Num. 5: 22 if 
 D''^n>5!'3 U']mll the waters bringing a 
 curse'. 
 
 Hoph. pass. Num. 22:6. 
 
 Deriv. T^^i^jn. 
 
 i^l^^^ a province of Armenia, (be- 
 tween the Araxes and the lakes 
 Van and Ormias,) still having this 
 name among the Armenians. Is. 37: 
 38. Jer. 51: 27. t^'J'^J^. "*li^ moun- 
 tains of Ararat or Armenia, Gen. 8:4. 
 
 ili'^iJ^ found only in Pi. iU^N, in full 
 !TJ;''J^ ib ^"?.5?. to purchase for one's 
 self, or betroth a wife. Dent. 20: 
 7. 28: 30. Hos. 2: 21, 22. [2: 19,20.] 
 The price of purchase is preceded 
 by 2, 2 Sam. 3]: 14. (in Chald. 
 t>'\i^ idem.) 
 
 Pu. U)'ni to be betrothed, spoken 
 of a maiden. Ex. 22: 1 5. 
 
 n cJ'l.iNl. f. found only Ps. 21: 3. request, 
 
 desire. Sept. du]GLq. Vulg. voluntas. 
 
 ^ ^ -^ 
 
 Derived from "iJ-^N i.q. Arab, ij^jy 
 to desire. 
 
 N'rppnn'li^ Ezra 4: 8, 11,23, 
 i<nDdKn*)N 7, 7, and N^n-^'^nn^Ji 
 4, "7, Artaxerxes, a king of the Per- 
 sians. This name is derived from 
 the ancient Persian Artahshetr 
 (^n'lJnn'nJ^,) which is found upon 
 the inscriptions of Nakschi-Rous- 
 tam. The latter part of this word 
 is the Zendish khshethro, also sher- 
 ao, {king.) But the^ syllable art, 
 (which is found in several Persian 
 names, e.g. Artabanus, Artaphernes, 
 Artabaztis,) appears to have signi- 
 tied to be great, or mighty. At least 
 the Greeks gave it (his interpreta- 
 tion. ThusHesychins : '^/^Ta7oL,ot 
 i'iQO)tg, TiuQu Uhooacg. Comp. Ai- 
 berti on this passage. P.I. p. 552. 
 Steph. Byzant. de Urbib. p. 173. 
 Reland de Veteri Lingua Pers. 
 23. In accordance with this, He- 
 rodotus(vi.98.)expiains*^^T|*^|7/5 
 by f.uyag a^i'fi'og. This significa- 
 tion is now lost in the Persian.-Out 
 of that original Artashetr, the mod- 
 ern Persians formed Ardeshir, 
 ^j^MjOf), also --i.MXAorf, (a name 
 
 borne by three kings of the 
 dynasty of the Sassanides ;) the Ar- 
 
ntSN* 
 
 61 
 
 ntsfi^ 
 
 menians, Ariashir ; the Greeks, 
 Jirtaxerxes ; the Hebrews, Artach- 
 shashia. See Silv. de Sacy Me- 
 moires sur diverses Antiquites de la 
 Perse. (Paris, 1793.) p. 32, 100, 
 111. 
 
 i!3i^ com. gen. (ma.c. rarely,e. g. Job 
 20: 26. Ps. 1.04: 4.) prim, with suff. 
 
 1. Jire D^JlVwVn "0:^^ fire of God, 
 lightening^ Job 1: 16. Figuratively 
 the scorching heat of the sun^ Joel 1: 
 19,20. 
 
 2. shining^ glittering ; e. g. of 
 steel, Nah. 2:4. 
 
 ^5^, emph. i^ujx, Chald. idem. Dan. 
 7*. 11. 
 
 ti?^ 2 Sam. 14: 19. Mic. 6: 10. for 
 Ui'ifi^ (with prosth. 5<) i.q. *^;j there is. 
 Concerning the prosth. it, comp. 
 Chald. "n''i<, and see p. 2. 
 
 t3^5, plnr. r-^JM, Chald. foundation. 
 Only Ezra 4: i'2. 5: 16. 6; 3. 
 
 *u3w m. the pouring out, running 
 dorian. (Comp. Aram. ^\fndit, effu- 
 rfi^)Num. 21: 15 irbnsn T^TN the 
 running down of the brooks, perhaps 
 the lower countries amidst brooks. See 
 the following article. 
 
 mountain. Josh. 10: 40. 12: 8. 
 
 rraosn rrinipj^ the foot of Pisgah, 
 
 Deut. 3:17'. 4: 49. Strictly the 
 place where torrents rim down and 
 collect. See nuJ^V. 
 
 i*! u>^ Ashdod, one of the five prin- 
 cipal cities of the Philistines, in 
 Greek "^^Wo?. Josh. 11: 22. 15: 
 4G. 1 Sam. 5: 1. There is now at 
 this place a village called Esdud or 
 Mzud. The gentile noun is "^'lii-iiN, 
 fern, n""^-; the latter being also used 
 adverbially, in Ashdoditish, in the 
 dialect of Ashdod, Neh. 13:24. 
 
 n aD>5 m. const, ^rui^ ; Plur. const, 
 ^'^w^. (strictly i.q. u;N^re,with parag. 
 ti, comp. ^wn:, n.'i^J^, Jil'^:?;:,) a 
 word peculiar to the ritual service, 
 
 fringe something on fire, an offering. 
 It is a generic word and incluJeseve- 
 ry species of offering. In Lev. 24:7, it 
 is applied to the incense scattered on 
 the shew-bread, though not burnt; 
 and in verse 9, the shew-bread it- 
 self is reckoned among the ''ip>< 
 ^;iJl\ It occurs most frequentl}^ 
 at the close of a ritual precept in 
 this phrase nin''b rr^N nn''3 tn*^! 
 N^n a sweet savour, an offering {ac- 
 ceptable^ to Jehovah is this. Ex 29: 
 
 18,25,41. or i-f^f n"^^ nh^: ri'^itTjZJN 
 
 an offering of a sweet savour icnto Je- 
 hovah, Lev. 1:9, 13, 17. 2: 2. 3: 5. 
 Num. 15:10,13,14, etc. Besides very 
 frequently in tlie plural iniVT] ''jPN 
 Lev. 2:3, 10.6: 10, 1 1. [6:17, 'l8.] 
 nt2i^ (for Jtc;:n fem. of ':;:j) irreg. 
 const. npN (for rrr'^N fem. of u;\v) 
 with suff. 'n*tpN. "^n'iJN ; Plur. once 
 ni;:^N (Ezek. 23: 44.) usually D'^o:^ 
 by aphxr. for D"^uj:^^.) 
 
 1 . woman. Applied as a designa- 
 tion of sex, even in animals, Gen. 7: 
 2. Frequently for wife, hence n'JJii^ 
 '2i<father''s wife, i. e. a stepmother, 
 Lev. 18:8. comp. 1 Cor. 5:1. 
 
 2. It often stands with genitives 
 denoting quality, as "jn riUiN a lovely 
 woman^ Prov. 11: 16. b'^lTT ri'liift a 
 woman of firmness or integi'ity, Ruth 
 3: 11. D":/'!^ ^''fr'^. " conteniioua 
 woman, Zankerin, Prov. 27:15. Al- 
 so in apposition, as ln:i7 rTyj< a 
 harlot, Josh. 2: 1. fltN^ia H'^ii a 
 prophetess, Judg. 4: 4. Ji:^!:iJ TOfi< 
 a widow, 1 K 7: 14. 
 
 3. with rrinN {sister,) and n^l^*) 
 {female cowpanion) for the one. . . *. 
 the other. See these articles. 
 
 4. some one. 
 
 5. every one. Ex. 3: 22. 
 
 Note. The form rriJN occurs some- 
 times for the absolute state, Ps. 58: 
 9. Deut. 21:11. 1 Sam.28: 7. 
 
 MpN f, i. q. Zi^fire. This is the best 
 explanation of the Kethib in Jer. 
 
 6: 29 ITliJ":^ dri'i^^i{73 by their fire the 
 lead {is consumed.) The Keri bus 
 
*^t)fi< 
 
 62 
 
 ^1^^ 
 
 the more easy reading 3? Dn 'iJfi;{?3 by 
 the jive is consumed the lead. 
 
 m'ia.^. see ri'JpwS. 
 
 "jVil^sS} m. Prov. 20 : 20 Keri, accord- 
 ing to Chaldee usage, a'me, or per- 
 haps obscurity. It is an explana- 
 tion of the more difficult, but more 
 poetical reading 'ji'^I^^N (q. v.) 
 
 "]^di^. f. verbal from -,\pwS;, dec. I. 
 
 l.step, tra//;, course. Prov. 14: 15. 
 Job 23: 11. See Tpi^ no. 1. 
 
 2. Ezek. 27:6, according to the 
 explanation most generally adopt- 
 ed, i. q. 'iT^Nn which is usually in- 
 terpreted box-tree ; hence in our 
 passage D'^^'iJi^'ria ]p ivory^ 
 daughtzr of the box-wood^ i. e. ivory 
 set in box-wood. So in Virgil, eb- 
 iir inclusum buxo. In. x. 137. Si- 
 monis, in his Lesicou^compares the 
 
 ^ tic ^ ^\ 
 
 Arab, y^i incidit striatim. f^*^' 
 
 sirice ; and translates thus, ebur^ fi- 
 Via siriarum^ i. e. ivory in stripes or 
 streaks. 
 
 *lVji< 1. f. verbal from ^*iJ, dec. I. 
 b. step^ 'Walk, course. Job. 31: 7. See 
 
 ^piS no. 1. 
 
 2.^ proper name. Assyria and As- 
 syrians., (in the former sense, fem. 
 in the latter, masc. e. g. Is. 19: 23.) 
 Gen. 10: 10,22. 2K.xv xx. etc. In 
 a wider sense, the name Assyria 
 embraces Babylonia, (comp. Herod. 
 I. 106.) on account of the close 
 connexion, which often existed be- 
 tween these two countries. The 
 kingdom of Persia is also so called ; 
 comp. Ezra 6: 22, where Darius is 
 called king of Assyria. Comp. also 
 Num. 24 : 22, 24. That the clas- 
 sics often confound the names Sijr- 
 ia and Assyria., does not apply here, 
 since the eastern nations kept 
 these names distinct. See Bochar- 
 ti Phaleg. lib. ii. cap. 3. 
 
 3. D'^^TL^i:^ plur. name of an 
 Arabian tribe. Once Gen. 25: 3. 
 
 H^^ip^f. dec. X. support. Once Jer- 
 
 5 / "^ 
 50: 15 Keri. (Comp. Arab. 'S^j<.m\ 
 
 pillar.^ support.) In the Chald. Syr. 
 Vulg. foundations. In Kethib 
 Jl^I'lJN, a form similar to that of 
 
 many Arabic words. 
 
 N'/2'^Li>5 2.K. 17: 30, an idol of the 
 
 people of Hamath. According to 
 an uncertain tradition of the Jews, 
 it was in the form of a bald he^ 
 goat. 
 
 nym see HTdvV. 
 
 HD'^p^l m. found only Is. 16 : 7 ^'^^ti<^ 
 n^IJ'ntj-'n'^p in C. V. the foundations 
 of Kir-hareseth. Comp. Chald. UiJ^, 
 
 y^^^i and Arab, (^j^j^jm) foundation 
 
 from (j-^/'A*') to found. But in the par- 
 allel passage of a subsequent wri- 
 ter, Jer. 48: 31, instead of this 
 word stands ''">;i:N. This may be re- 
 garded as an explanation of the 
 original word in Isaiah, as is often 
 the case in such changes, then is 
 v^-^-^^iS: = '^t"^^; or ''i::^;. Comp. 
 !l\l;'dj^rin show yourselves men^ Is. 
 46: 8. under art. ttii. 
 
 T 
 
 np'^pfi^^f. Plur. DV and ni. a cake, 
 libum; in full Hos. 3:1 l:^n:3? "^ui-^'liN 
 
 a cake or hardened sirup made of 
 grapes, here in reference to the 
 worship of idols, but in other pla- 
 ces as a refreshment, Cant. 2: 5.par- 
 ticularly on a journey, 2 Sam. 6: 19. 
 1 Chr. 16: 3. (according to the Sept. 
 in Samuel, a p/j-cfl/:(?, and in 1 Chr. 
 a honey-cake. ) In the Chaldee 
 version by Pseudo-Jonathan,'j^*i;*>ii;iJ< 
 is used Ex. 16:31, for the Hebrew 
 n"'n^Di2 cakes ; and in the Mishnah 
 (apud Surenhus.T. III. p. 125.) the 
 same word denotes a kind of lentile- 
 cake. Some derive rjU;V^'N from 
 'i;N fire, namely, a fire-cake; but 
 the signification is more certain, 
 than the etymology. 
 
b^iA 
 
 es 
 
 dttSi^ 
 
 '^tpfi^. m. testicle. Lev. 21: 20. (In Syr. 
 
 jinj^l idem.) 
 
 ^3piS ( with prosth. N ) Plur. 
 mpS'^iN and ni^S'ipN (as if from an 
 obs. sing. bS'iJ:*, comp. 'jiT:'^^.) 
 
 1. strictly the stem or stalk on 
 n'hich berries or Jiowers grow in clus- 
 ters^ racemus^ spoken of the vine 
 and other similar plants ; e. g. of 
 the plant called by Arabians alhen- 
 na, Cant. 1: 14 ^DbJl V'^'pii a clus- 
 ter of alhenna> of the palm, or date- 
 tree, 7:8 clusters {of dates.) of a vine- 
 stem with flowers and unripe 
 grapes, Gen. 40 : 10 ^b"'-2Jirj 
 D'^:232? n''nib3U:N literally the un- 
 ripe clusters ripened into ripe grapes. 
 So the Latin racemus stands for un- 
 ripe grapes. Virg. Georg. lib. ii. 1. 
 60. On account of this extended use 
 of the word, in order to restrict 
 its meaning to clusters of the vine., it 
 is followed sometimes by IC-^rr, 
 Cant. 7:9. or d"'n3y, Num. 13: 23." 
 
 2. without addition, grapes. Is. 
 65:8. Mic. 7: I. 
 
 3. proper name of a valley in the 
 land of Canaan. Num. 13: 23, 24. 32; 
 9. Deut. 1:24. 
 
 TSSpfi^ Gen. 10: 3.Jer. 51: 27. a peo- 
 ple of northern Asia, as appears 
 from their being joined with Co- 
 rner (the Cimmerians) in the first 
 passage, and with Ararat a province 
 of Armenia in the second ; other- 
 wise unknown.The modernJews un- 
 derstand Germany (i) and use the 
 word with this signification. 
 
 "llD'ipij^^ m. (with prosth. it) gift, pre- 
 Vent'. Only Ezek.27: 15. Ps. 72: 10. 
 
 Derived from ^IDIIJ = Arab. /.X^aX- 
 
 to give thanks,4o reward^ to make a 
 present to any one. 
 
 !Ptp!5^ i.q. Arab. Vil a species of tam- 
 arisk, which grows to the height of 
 a middling-sized tree, is prickly, 
 and on the knots of the. branches 
 
 bears small yellowish brown ber- 
 ries of the size of a pea, tamarigs 
 orientalis, Linn. Only Gen. 21: 33. 
 1 Sam,22:6.-41: 13. In the paral-^ 
 lei fTassnge 1 Chr. 10: 12, instead of 
 "^UJi< stands nlrij a turpentine-tree. 
 How the two passages are to be re- 
 conciled does not appear. 
 
 L t:"dv\ and GdwS^ fut. &tJN\ (In 
 
 Arab. *^1.) 
 
 i, to be in fault, to he guilty. Lev. 
 4: 13, 22, 27. 5: 2, 3. Construed 
 with b of the person, whom one has 
 injured, Num. 5:7 SS d'i;N '^'^Nb to 
 him whom he has injured. So with 
 rTi?T^, Lev. 5: 19. 2 Chr. 19: 10. 
 The thing wherein one has sinned is 
 preceded by ^, Lev. 5:5. by a, Hos. 
 13:1. Ezek.25: 12. 
 
 2. to feel one'^s self guilty. Hos. 5: 
 15. Zech. 11:5. 
 
 3. to suffer or be punished Jor sin. 
 
 (In Arab. *31.) Ps. 34: 22, 23. Is,- 
 24:6. Prov.30: 10. Hos. 14: 1. 
 
 Niph. i. q. Kal no. 3. Joel 1:18. 
 
 Hiph. to cause to suffer, to punish. 
 Ps. 5: 11. 
 
 II. QtDfi^ i. q. D^"^ and Qtt*:3 to he laid 
 waste or destroyed. Ezek. 6: 6. 
 
 n tDi^ verbal adj. from DipN, dec. V, b. 
 " "l. guilty. Gen. 42: 2L 2 Sam. 14: 
 13. 
 
 2. one voho presents a trespass-of. 
 fering. Ezra 10. 19. (Comp. ^^12/).) 
 
 QpfiJ m. verbal from Dpi<, dec. IV.c. 
 
 1. guilt, guiltiness. Gen. 26: 10. 
 Jer. 51:5. Ps. 68: 22. 
 
 2. damage or injury done to 
 another. Num. 5: 7, 8. 
 
 3. trespass-offering. Lev. 5:6,7,15, 
 25. [6: 6.j 1 Sam. 6: 3. 2 K. 12: 17.' 
 Is. 53: 10. The Hebrew ritual 
 made a distinction between ns^tsn 
 a sin offering, and DjpSt a trespass- 
 offering. The cereino^iies accom- 
 panying them were somewhat dif- 
 ferent. See concerning the for- 
 mer. Lev. 6: 1823. [2530.] 
 concerning the latter, 7 : I 10. 
 
^tr)i< 
 
 64 
 
 StSJ^ 
 
 The law specified the particular 
 cases in which a sin-offering", and 
 those in which a trespass-offering" 
 should be brought ; though no gen- 
 eric distinction has yet been dis- 
 covered between the two classes of 
 sins. In one case a Iamb of a year 
 old was brought for a trespass-of- 
 fering and another larnb for a sin-of- 
 fering at the same time, Lev. 14:10 
 19. The opinion, that the tres- 
 pass-offering was for sins of omis- 
 sion, and the sin-offering for sins of 
 commission, cannot be supported ; 
 comp. Lev. 5: 17 19. Other dis- 
 tinctions, which have been thought 
 of, are not more satisfactory. Comp. 
 Warnekros hebr.Alterthumer,p.l51 
 -155.Bauer's gottesdienstliche Ver- 
 fassung der Hebr'aer. Th. I. p. 146. 
 
 n'Ql!3ii^ f. verbal from t*:;^, dec. 
 Xil.a. 
 
 1. i. q. infin. of Q'JN, (comp. 
 innriuy, i-!i$"}>) Lev. 5: 26 [6: 7] 
 n h.'^Uii^V t<^ b^ g^^^^ty therein. 
 Comp. 4: 3 n'JT, r)72':ii<h so that the 
 people is guilty. 
 
 2. guilty guiltiness. 1 Chr. 21: 3. 
 2 Chr. 24: 18. 28: 10. Ezra 9: 7. 10: 
 10. Am. 8: 14 )^'\12':: ^'y^^ t^^e 
 sin of Samaria, i. e. his idols.* 2 Chr. 
 28: i3 n:'i):y niil^ flJ^'^P^^b to bring 
 upon us guilt against Jehovah. 
 
 3. trespass-offerings or rather the 
 presenting of a trespass-offering., (al- 
 so i. q. infin.) Lev. 6:5 ^^r\12'^^ DT'^2 
 on the day in uhich he brings a tres- 
 pass-offerings Comp. adj. D'iJM no. 
 2. also JilSN no. 1. 
 
 Q*^3t]p^|l plur. masc. deep night., dark- 
 ness. Once Is. 59 : 10. (In Syr. 
 {.AjJiOZoi idem.) So Gesenius in his 
 
 Lexicon ; but in his Commentary on 
 Isaiah (Leip. 1820.) he has adopted 
 a different interpretation, namely 
 fat fields., fertile field s.^ from compar- 
 ing "oyvjyp and D-^iJau;^ (q. V.) 
 
 rn'ppJ^ f. (verbal from ^:qu3 to 
 watch) const. n^.bipiS ; Plur. 
 n'll^'ipN. a watch of the night, vigi- 
 
 Ha, qivXamj. It appears from Judg. 
 7: 19, where the middle watch is 
 spoken of, that the Hebrews, in 
 more ancient times, counted only 3 
 watches. The first is ni^^au:]^ :j^^h 
 Lam. 2: 19. the last, 'nj^.ati n-?.72^;^? 
 Ex. 14: 24. Sam. 11: 11. lo the 
 N. T. four night-watches are men- 
 tioned, which may have been a Ro- 
 man custom. 
 
 lIlDp>5 m. with prosth. N, (verbal 
 
 from obs. sat: = Arab. \^^^^ to be 
 
 cool, spoken of the air.) dec. Vlll. 
 lattice-window, for the admission of 
 cool air. Judg. 5: 28. Prov. 7: 6. 
 
 fjuJ^ m.dec. I. b. magician, astrologer. 
 
 Dan. 1:20. 2:2. In Syr. I.^Q.m\ 
 idem. 
 ?jpfi5 m. Chald. Plur. 'j''3"23n, emph. 
 N^2':JN. idem. Dan.2: 10, 27.'4:4. [7.] 
 
 I. riiip^ f dec. X. quiver. Job 39: 
 23. Is. 22:6. 49:2. T\^X^ '^ZZsons 
 of the quiver, arrows, Lam. 3: 13. 
 
 II. lpi< found only in the plur* 
 
 nisUJN dung, dunghill. Ps. 113:7. 
 lSarnr2: 8. Hence nismri l^p 
 Neh. 2: 13. 3:14. 12: 31. and^the j; 
 being suppressed, comp. Ecc. 4:13.) 
 niDprj ^^UJ Neh. 3r 13 the dung- 
 gate. The singular occurs in the 
 Mishnah, (T. III. p. 80. IV. p. 133, 
 178. ed. Surenhus.) and from T. IV. 
 p. 133. it appears that its proper 
 signification was fimeium. Comp. 
 
 *lp)S; found on,ly 2 Sam. 6:19. 1 Chr. 
 
 16: 3. From the connexion, proba- 
 bly a certain kind of food. Vulg. a 
 roasting of beef, deriving it perhaps 
 from '2:5? fire, and ^d bull. Syr. 
 and Chald. a piece of flesh. The 
 etymology is very obscure. From 
 the root ^cuj to be beautiful, it 
 could denote a small ornament, or 
 the like. 
 
ntriiS 
 
 65 
 
 I^H 
 
 DS I3fi|^ f.i.q. ii5\i:^ no.II. found only in 
 the plur. ninc'ipij dung, mire. Lam. 
 4: 5 they embrace dunghills, i. e. they 
 lie in the dast. Comp. Job 24:8. Con- 
 cerning: the termination n , see 
 Gr. 132. 3.C. The plural is^ form- 
 ed without losing the n, as in ^ 
 n^-l door, plur. nin^" ; comp. ' 
 
 'jVp.pfiJ! Askelon, one of the five 
 princely cities of the Philistines, 
 situated on the Mediterranean sea. 
 1 Sam. 6: 17. The gentile noun is 
 ^2iVpUJt|:, Josh. 13:3. There is now 
 in its place a village called Ascalan. 
 
 "11D5J strictly i.q. ^p^ to be straight. 
 Hence 
 
 1. to go straight, (comp. Pi.) to go, 
 to proceed. Prov. 9: 6. Comp. the 
 deriv. ^^'ij^^ and ^^i2Ji<. 
 
 2. to be right, suitable ; hence to 
 he successful, prosperous. Comp. 
 ^j; Hab. 2: 4. and ^t^. 
 
 Pi. 1. to lead or guide straight, 
 Prov. 23: 19. Is. 1: 17. io^mV/e gen- 
 erally, Is. 3 : 12 D'^^n^ ^"^ni^NTa 
 thy guides are seducers. 9: 15. 
 
 2. intrans. i. q. Kal, to go. Prov. 
 4:14. 
 
 3. to pronounce happy, to bless. 
 Gen. 30: 13. Job 29: 1 1. Mai. 3: 12, 
 15. 
 
 Pu. "^-m and ^yj:iM. 
 
 1. to be guided. Is. 9:15. 
 
 2. to be pronounced happy, hence 
 to be happy. Ps. 41:3. Prov. 3: 18. 
 
 np^ m. proper name. 
 
 1. a son of Jacob, progenitor of 
 one of the tribes of Israel. The 
 territory of this tribe !i^s along the 
 8ea-coast in the north of Palestine. 
 See Josh. 19: 2431. The gentile 
 noun is "^"^pfij, Judg. 1: 32. 
 
 2. a city not far from Shechem. 
 Josh. 17: 7. 
 
 ni35< happiness, prosperity; found on- 
 ly in the plur. const, '^l/rfi^ the hap- 
 pinesses of, i.e. prosperity to (any 
 one,) Ps. 1: 1. 2: 12. 32: 1,2. 33:12. 
 Prov. 3: 1 3. 8: 34. With suff. ':;*'mr2< 
 9 
 
 prosperity to f/iee,Deut.33:29. ^'^'^';J6| 
 for ^"l^-^pN, Ecc. 10: 17. ry;:i$ 
 prosperity to him, Prov. 14: 21. The 
 punctuation of ^^"lUiN, l^'n'liN is ir- 
 regular, for ':]'''i;^Ni, T^'J'ii^t, like 
 fi'^'fib'^s from '-;:;kb"2. 
 
 1P&? 1. pron. relat. indecl. of both 
 genders and numbers, who, qui, quce, 
 quod] qui, qu(E, quce. When preced- 
 ed by prepositions, it includes its 
 antecedent ; as T!;iNb to him, her^ 
 or them who ; "^^^72^ from him, etc. 
 who. See Gr. 1*97. The idea of 
 place or time is also sometimes in- 
 volved in this antecedent; as ^fij 
 ^L'N to the place where. See Gr. 
 198.' 
 
 2. This pronoun is often merely 
 a sign of relation, which gives to 
 other pronouns and to adverbs the 
 force of relatives,(as ''i* no. 2. gives 
 them the force of interrogatives.) 
 Thus du5*"TpN: where, (from t2'p 
 there ;) d*|^^ I'iJN whence, (from 
 dU573 thence ;) Ji72\2i llZii^ whither, 
 (from n720 thither.) Most generally 
 these words are separated by 
 the intervention of one or more 
 words, as in Gen. 13:3 to the place 
 JlbJ^N D'd n^rr ivpi< where hif 
 tent had been. 'Cen. 20: 13. but 
 sometimes immediately connected, 
 as in 2Chr. 6: 11. When joined 
 with the oblique cases of the pro- 
 nouns, it forms oblique cases of the 
 relative, as iV i^N to whom, (from 
 i): fo him /) DDiN ^V^ whom, quos ; 
 12 ^IpNI wherein; r\tm72 *Tvp^^ from 
 whom, whence ; DiZ'nNa '^piNI w* 
 quorum terra; T^D!:3Trri~TiJX 
 under whose wings^ Rulh 2: 12. See 
 further in Gr. 196 ff. The Swiss 
 dialect has something similar, us- 
 ing the particle wo (wheve) as a 
 sign of relation; e. g. the stranger 
 where thon hast eaten with him, for 
 the stranger with whom thou hast 
 eaten. Comp. whence and thence in. 
 English. 
 
15^ 
 
 m 
 
 rw^ 
 
 Ex. 32: 19. Deut. 2: 16. Gen. 12:11, 
 27:40. Ex. 17:11. Josh. 4: 1. 
 
 3. "b ^V^. {which belongs to) some- 
 times serves for a periphrasis of 
 the sign of the genitive case, es- iTlJpiSl f. rarely n'n'^'iJN (Mic. 5: 13. 
 pecially where two genitives fol- Deut 7:5.) Plur.D"^VijN' and ni^m. 
 
 Jow in succession, the latter of 
 which is then expressed by ): ^"^Nt.; 
 
 as 1 Sam. 21: 8 -|dwN: D^ipin "^''2ii 
 ^lN'i2;b the overseer of the shepherds of 
 Saul 2 Sam. 2: 8 -^'iJN nr-^"iP 
 b^>5'^- the general of Saul^s armies. 
 Cant. ' 1 : 1 nui^Nf d-'")'^'p^l ^^U3 
 rtT^ViJb a song of the songs of Sol- 
 omon. Comp. 1 Sam. 17 : 40 'IrS 
 i'b "ICN d"^5/n!l his shepherds pouch, 
 iK. 15:20 ib-"i'^N D-^b^nn "^^^ 
 
 the captains of his forces. In these 
 last cases suffixes might otherwise 
 stand. In the later writings, in 
 which -ui (q. v.) took the place of 
 I'ipN, "bv became the usual sign 
 of the genitive case, as in Aram. 
 
 ^Tj, "tr, ? , and before suff. V'^n ^5. 
 
 4. 'nu;?;; is also used as an adv. or 
 conjunction, like the Greek art and 
 
 name of a Syrian goddess often wor- 
 shipped by the Hebrews, and of her 
 images, probably i. q. n^nlJ5? Astar- 
 te. See especially 1 K. 15:' 13. 2 K. 
 21:7. 23:7,15. Judg. 6: 25, 28, 30. 
 Like n'ln'ii? it stands as a female 
 divinity, joined with the male one 
 Baal, 1 K. 18: 19. 2 K. 23: 4. Judg. 
 3:7. (Comp. 2:13.) The plural de- 
 notes 5?<Mes or imag-es ofAstarte^ i.q. 
 ninnUJ^. The usual explanation of 
 this word is, that it denotes (1.) as 
 rendered in the Sept. aXaog, a 
 grove ; and (2.) by a metonymy, an 
 idol worshipped in a grove^ a sylvan 
 goddess ; but the incorrectness of 
 this interpretation has been shown 
 very satisfactorily by Gesenius, in his 
 larger lexicon under this article. 
 Comp. Castelli Lex. Heptaglott. 
 col. 2937. Some make M^Jipi^ to 
 be the goddess of fortune from S35< 
 no. 2. 
 
 L-dt. quod \ and si^flifies (1.) r/m/, io ii,.;u i i r j \ti 
 
 the end that, ut ; tonstruedSvith a ^?^ '" ^^'^^^^ ^^om ^'^ij, dec. VI. 
 future. Gen. 11:7. Deut. 4:40. (2.) m. pro^/^m^y. Gen. 30: 13. 
 thai, how that, quod. Ex.\ 1:1. Comp. J^^-)"^^]^ m. Chald. wall. Ezra 5:3. 
 the more full expressions, such as ^^* *' . _ rr. i i 
 
 rrin- u;^airt-,-N n =i:yrB we Vulg. n. Comp. m Talmud. 
 
 ^^^ to make strong. 
 
 113 lUi^ found only in Hithpo. to shew 
 
 one''s self firm, or strong, i.q. Tal- 
 
 i;u:iJ?J:i:. Is. 46:8. Comp. 
 
 have heard how that Jehovah has 
 dried up, Jos. 2: 10. 1 Sam 24: 19. 
 2 Sam. 11:20. 2 K. 8: 12. Deut. 29. 
 15. (3.) because. Gen. 34: 27. 1 K. 
 8:33. esj)ecialiy when compound- 
 ed thus, n'^^5. 'jr, ^*i;ijt b?. (4.) if 
 
 Lev. 4: 22. Deut. 1 1: 27. (5.) for. 
 Deut. 3:24. Gen. 31: 49. Zech. 1: 
 15. {6,) when. 2 Chr. 35:20. (7.) 
 as. 1 K. 8: 39. Jer. 33; 22. (3.) 
 tihere. Num. 20: 13. 
 
 5. ^'i^NS (1.) in the place where, 
 where, (see above no. 1.) Ruth 1: jnrji^ ..g ;-;*^2J^{. 
 17. whither, 1 Sam. 23: 13. (2.) be- ' 'rV. '^^ * ^^' 
 
 cause. Gen. 39: 9, 23. '7b5Fl'v23>^ proper name of a city of the 
 
 6. ^t^;2 (1.) according to what, panites, situated in the low coun- 
 
 mud. 
 
 Arab. (v^a*I to found, establish ; 
 Chald. I^'^N ; and Heb. -ii^'aJN. An* 
 other opinion adopted by Gesenius 
 in his commentary on Isaiah, makes 
 "iljjpij^ntl a denom. from \i;''N in 
 conj. Hithpalel, to show one''s self a 
 man. 
 
 as. Gen. 7: 9. 34: 12. (2.) as if Job 
 10:19. {3.) because. Num. 27: 14. 
 Mic. 3:4. (4.) T/ten, (after ''tit}-) 
 
 try of the tribe of Judah. Jos. 15: 
 33. 19: 41. Judg. 13: 25. 16: 31. 
 This word resembles, as to its form, 
 
n4< 
 
 67 
 
 T\t^ 
 
 the Arab, infio. conj. VIll. of Vi^ui.) 
 The gentile noun occurs lChr.^:53. 
 
 n'^ripJ^ Chald. insiirrection, sedition. 
 Ezra 4: 15, 19. It is a verbal from 
 the Ithpa. of ^yp for b'^u: Ithpa. 
 moliriy conari. 
 
 nbniD>5 Jos. 15:50. and ^i'Qnpfij^ 
 
 Josh. 21: 14. 1 Sam. 30:28. 1 Chr. 
 6: 42. [57.] a Levitical city in the 
 mountainous country of the tribe of 
 Judah. According to Eusebius, it was 
 a great village in the southern part 
 ofJudea. The form of this noun 
 is like the Arab, infin. Conj. Vlil. of 
 !l*ij and y^DU;. 
 
 rifij com. gen. Chald. i. q. Heb. nii* 
 sigji) miracle, synonymous with tl'OD. 
 Dan. 3: 32, 33. 6: 28. 
 
 ri&< i. q. j-jnfij thou (masc.) q. v. 
 rifi^, in pause ri&, more rarely "ni* 
 ' Judg. 17: 2. V k. 14: 2. thou (fern'.) 
 The Yod in '^nij stands in otio, as 
 
 in the Syr. ^i^j] ; but becomes vo- 
 cal, when another syllable is an- 
 nexed; e.g. in the verb with suffix 
 iin'^ri^Qp thou (fem.) hast killed him. 
 Others regard the punctuation as 
 incorrect, and read "'nN. It stands 
 sometimes as a masc. Num. II: 
 15. Ezek. 28: 14. a mere in- 
 correctness introduced from the 
 language of common life. See hn^. 
 
 1. riN m. subst. ploughshare. It is in- 
 flected in two ways ; nnN , d'^ni* 
 1 Sam. 13:20,21. and a^nNtls. 2:4." 
 Joel 4: 10. [3:10.] The first mode 
 is favoured by several MSS. which 
 read d'^n"'i<, irT^wX. The signification 
 above is supported by the authority 
 of most of the old versions, (see 
 the different interpretations collect- 
 ed inlMichaelis* Supplem.) but in 
 1 Sam. 13: 20, 21, the word is used 
 in conjunction with np^r!^, which 
 from its etymology undoubtedly has 
 that meaning, and cannot be suppos- 
 ed synonymous with ni^.. This dif- 
 ficulty may be removed by render- 
 ing it, with the Jewish commenta- 
 
 tors, hoe,, mattock. So the Vulg. li- 
 go, and Luther in Samuel, haue. Or, 
 by rendering it coulter, as in C. V. 
 Nothing can be determined from 
 etymology or the kindred dialects. 
 
 II. nSj^, with Makk.-nN; with suff. 
 nN; ^ni<, in pause and fem. ^ni<; 
 inN, nni<,* nsni?; DsriN, also dshn; 
 nnN, "jni^, also Dr^nwN: , "jMnN, rare- 
 ly dJinN (the forms with Holem 
 are also written in full ;) a primi- 
 tive particle. 
 
 1. a sign of the accusative case, 
 
 (in Aram.^j' n^)But this accusative 
 case of the Hebrews, which is denot- 
 ed by riN, is often used in circum- 
 stances, in which other languages 
 employ the nominative ; namely, 
 (1.) with a passive verb, Gen. 17:5, 
 tD-in>{ ':T73ui-n^^ ^iy i<^^;'^-^<> no 
 
 more shall thy name be called Abra- 
 ham. Josh. 7: 15 he xmho is taken 
 with the accursed thing, shall be burn- 
 ed with fire, Vr-*\^pN-b3"ri5<1 infc< 
 he and all that he hath. Ex. 10: 
 8. Lev. 10: 18. Num. 26:55. Jer. 
 35:14. 36: 22. 38:4. (2.) with a 
 neuter verb, 2 Sam. 11: 25 ^N 
 riTrt "^n^J^-^l^^ "ri^^'^-jz S'l'' let no't 
 
 ... - T T - 1 : - 
 
 this thing displease thee. (3.) with 
 the subst. verb to be, even when 
 only implied, Ezek. 35:10. Jos. 22: 
 17 'T^ys liUpDN ^2b-t3^^rT is the 
 iniquity of Peor not sujfficient for us? 
 (4.) sometimes before a nominative 
 of the subject; e.g. 1 Sam. 17:34 
 there came a lion m''^^l-nfT and a 
 bear. 2 K.6:5. Neh.9:19. This singu- 
 lar use of the Hebrew accusative 
 might be explained bysupposing riN 
 to be a kind of article which is plac- 
 ed usually before the accusative, but 
 also more rarely before the nomin- 
 ative. The Arabians, however, ac- 
 tually employ the accusative in most 
 of the cases mentioned ; e. g. exibit 
 album, evasit fades ejus nigram, 
 (comp. C. B. Michaelis de Solcecis- 
 mo Casuum. 6. 20.) and we may 
 infer that the Hebrew idiom here 
 agrees with the Arabic, especially 
 
ptriN 
 
 68 
 
 aii 
 
 as the Shemltish languages gener- 
 ally are somewhat irregular in the 
 use of cases. 
 
 III. in5<, with Makk. -nx ; with 
 suff. '^^l^^^, "i^riN, inJ, Disns^; also 
 
 with suff. like no. 11. (though more 
 rarel}',) especially in Kings and in 
 the prophets ; prep. prim. 
 
 1. tcii/t, together with. Gen. 4: I 
 In'in'^-nJ^. with God, i. e. with his 
 md/Deo juvante. I Chr. 20: 5 there 
 was zaar with (rii<) the Philistines. 
 a^ti"i:J,n-nw\ "J V.^i^n ^ ^^''^^ ^^^^ 
 God, i. e. in a manner well pleasing 
 to him, Gen. 5: 22. 
 
 2. withy near by. Here belongs 
 Gen. 3'J: 6 !lTN73 ini 5'"'];-k\"b he 
 took no concern about any thing with 
 
 and rtn^^l^., Nn:.l Deut. 33: 21. and 
 apoc. n5<:;2 Is. 41: 25. plur. n^nN^. 
 Ps. 69:32. Imp. ^--ni* Is. 21: 12. 
 Syr. for Ji-iniSl. Part. plur. ni^niN/u- 
 ture thingsV'h. 41:23. 44:7. 
 
 Hiph. nnri contraction of innNJl, 
 plur. imper. ri'^nn bring! Is. 21: 14. 
 Jer. 12:9. 
 
 Deriv. yn'^ii , 
 
 nniSl^ Chald. to come. Dan. 7:22. In- 
 fin. Nr,?^, Dan. 3: 2. 
 
 Aph. "Tl^ri, infin. Jl^n";^, to bring. 
 Dan. 3: 13. 5: 2, 13. Pass. \-]"'n to 
 be brought. 3 pers. sing. fem. n';n''Jl 
 Dan. 8: 18. plur. ^"^n'^tl Dan. 3: 13. 
 (In the Targums, Ithpe. is used in- 
 stead of this passive.) 
 
 hvn, {Joseph,) i. e. under Joseph's nSHfi^ pron. pers. thou (masc.) The 
 care. So verse 8. and 30: 29 ihou i^)agesh forte stands for an assimilat- 
 
 knozioest how thy cattle has been with 
 vie, i. e. under my care. Like the 
 Lat. penes and the synon. "DV (see D:s? 
 no.2.) it signifies with in a figurative 
 or intellectual sense, Job. 12:3 
 {l':?wNt V2'D 1"^N-'^73-nN with whom 
 were not such things as these 1 i.e. ivho 
 knew not such things? Is. 59: 12. 
 Job. 14: 4 if the number of his months 
 is with thee, i. e. is determined by 
 thee 
 
 ed Nun, which in Aram, and Arab, is 
 
 j,Ajf,v^'->t,although 
 
 in Syr. it is omitted in the pronun- 
 ciation. In pause it becomes pena- 
 cute, and is sounded nn^< It occurs 
 without ii, (nwN,) five limes, Ecc. 7: 
 22. Job l:10.'Neh.9:6 Keth. iSam. 
 24: 19. Ps. 6: 4. Comp. fern. nj<, 
 and plur. DnN, j|Pi^. 
 . in or on a place. 1 Sam. 7: 16 "jinfi^ f. she-ass. Num. 22: 23, 33. 2 K. 
 he judged Israel nn^ip73ri"b3 riN 4:24. (In Syr. and Arab, it^em.) 
 nVfi<n in all these places. 1 K. 9: 25 ^sp^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ Chald. oven, furnace, 
 
 ^ = . , ': ., i.q. Syr. ijoZl. Dan. 3:6, ll,lotl. 
 
 burnt incense on this {altar,) which 
 
 was before Jehovah. p'^ili^ Ezek. 41: 15 Keth. for the fol- 
 
 4. 6endes, (a modification of wi/t, lowing pTliJ. 
 
 together with.) I K- H/f ^^js^ ihou (fern.) i. q. nN (q. v.) 
 
 5. fonytirti^, ero-a. Rulh2:20. 2Sam. ;- ^ y n ..x^i 
 
 16: 17. 
 Tir\^ to come ; in Arab, and Aram, 
 the usual word to express this idea, 
 in Hebrew more rare and only in 
 poetry, Deut. 33: 2. The forms 
 which occur are almost all inflect- 
 ed after the Aramean analogy, or 
 otherwise irregularly. Pret. Nni^ Is. 
 
 'Tl^ dec. 1. b. an obscure expres- 
 sion in architecture, found only E- 
 zek. 41 : 15, 16. 42: 5. Probably 
 pillars, or some decorations of the 
 same. The Targums, Ezek. 41 : 
 16, have pW; which may denote 
 an ornament, decoration ; comp. 
 pn2>, p-^ny beautiful, shining. 
 
 21: 12. but in some copies rrni$, ^^^-. pron. pers. ye (masc.) It is 
 piur. :i:ni$ Jer. 3: 22. Fut. iinij; used for the fern. Ezek. 13:20. pro- 
 
69 
 
 bably an incorrectness of the lan- 
 guas:e of common life here admit- 
 ted into that of writing. 
 
 t2n&^ a place on the border of the 
 desert of Shur in Arabia. Ex. 13: 
 20. Num. 33: 6. From it the ad- 
 joining part of the desert is named, 
 Num. .33: 8. Sept. '0&o)^i. It is 
 thought to be the Egyptian word 
 atiom (^border of the sea.) 
 
 b'V2r\^^ and ^"^^nwV adv. with prosth. 
 
 N, i". q. b^^n yesterday. 1 Sam. 4: 7. 
 
 14:21. 19:7. Ps. 90: 4. 
 "iniS^ in some editions and MSS. for 
 
 'jn'^jj (q. V.) especially Mic.6:2. Job 
 
 33:19. 
 
 1^.*^ pron, pers. ye (fern.) Ezek. 34: 
 31. where, however, some copies 
 have lnw\, like Dn^. Also InsriN 
 Gen. 31: 6. Ezek. 13: 1 1, 20. 34-17. 
 In Ezek. 13:20, it is written in some 
 editions nsni< (after the analogy of 
 
 HDnS*^ f. verbal from nsn. gift^ re- 
 
 ward; especially of an harlot. Ho. 
 2: 14. [12.] 
 JDnij^ m. (with N prosth.) verbal from 
 
 ?!(Dn, dec. VIII. a. 
 
 'f. wages or hire of an harlot E- 
 zek. IG: 31, 34. hence with rtji", 
 Deut. 23: 19. 
 
 2. applied figuratively to riches, 
 fruits of the earth, etc. which were 
 regarded by idolaters as presents 
 from their gods, (paramours,) Hos. 
 9: 1. to the riches of Samaria, con- 
 sidered as a present from their idols, 
 Mic. t: 7. comp. Is. 23: 17, 18. als6 
 Hos. 2:7,14. [2:5, 12.] 
 
 irjfij m. dec. IV. c. probably, as in 
 Ai-amean, place^ region, country. 
 Num. 21:1 d^^nNil ^*T^ the 'way 
 to {his) regions. Others : the way ta 
 or the way from Atharim. 
 
 inJ^ Chald. place. Ezra 5: 15. 6:5, 
 7. 6: 3 ^~ ^DN the place wAcrc, 
 where. So in Syr. 7 9/I, in Jater 
 Ueb. ^:3n dip^s. 
 
 The name n^2 i. q. n"*? signifies 
 a house and refers probably to the 
 common square form of this letter. 
 
 Beth is sometimes interchanged 
 with the harder sound p] ; e.g. ^T/iz 
 Aram. bT'^s iron; ^t2 and ^Ts to 
 scatter; (more frequently in the 
 kindred dialects.) 
 
 Also with 73; (these two sounds 
 are more nearly alike in the lips of 
 an Orientalist than with us, so that 
 Mecca sounds almost as Becca.) E. 
 g. 'J'il'"! and 'jS)3'"i the name of a 
 city ; ^'^2 and ^^^J2fat; )jyi Syr. 
 ^1 time. So in Greek /?A/rTW to 
 cut the honey-comb for (.leVirrio from 
 fitXi honey ; and in modern langua- 
 ges, French marbre from Latin mar- 
 mor ; cable from Greek xft<Ao$. 
 
 !I1 a prefix preposition, occurring in 
 * various connexions and significa- 
 tions, which in other languages 
 must be expressed by many differ- 
 ent particles. The principal of 
 these are 
 
 1. in or into a place or subject. 
 Also of time, as C^^iriN D'^73'*2 in some 
 days; f\'^T^1l 'n-'^Z in the second year. 
 
 2. with, noting an instrument, con- 
 comitance, or aid ; as i'nn^ with 
 the sword. ^iS D^a with much peo' 
 pie, Num. 20': 20.' 'i:j?733 with my 
 staff, Gen. 32:11. Ps."l8:30 with 
 thee {'^z) I assailed troops. Hence 
 verbs of coming, construed with 2, 
 denote bringing; see fitia, "i^^, nj^S. 
 
 3. on, at, near; as 'j'^^a at the 
 fountain, ^"^jv? on the wall. TlnN, 
 
70 
 
 n&<3 
 
 a p''7tllrj, to lay hold of ov on. Jl*^j? 
 3 to call on. 
 
 4. by. Also in swearing, Gen. 22: 
 16. Cant. 2:7. 
 
 6. through. Num. 12: 2. 
 
 6. v/?o?i; as blTtNa itpon <Ae <a6er- 
 nflc/c, Num. 14: 10. 
 
 7. ^0 a place or thing ; as T*j3iN2 
 to Jsher^ *^udg. 6:35. 2 n^ui 2^0 return 
 to, Hos. 12:7. Gen. 9:10. P^irz 
 'l^") n^!l22 to fowl., to cattle, etc. 
 
 8. against; as bbs Tl^ /tw A-anc? a- 
 gainst every one, Gen. 16:12. 2 Sam. 
 24: 17. a anb: to contend against. 
 In ^51^, 1^2, i"^"?3 ^0 c/erti treache- 
 rously against any- one. i Jlii? to tes- 
 tify against any one. 
 
 9. concerning, de ; as 3 '121 <o 
 spea-fe concerning any thing.' 
 
 10. oM< of from ; as ITStiZ from 
 the wool ; Jl^ii'ipa from negligence ; 
 riNjipz /rom hatred ; a y'iJD, Tn^ 
 to revolt from any one. a IniTiJ fo 
 cZriwA: oi/< of a vessel, GeD. 44: 5,- 
 comp. the French boire dans la tasse. 
 
 1 1 . among ; as D"'725''2 among the 
 nations. 'Q'^'^l'2 tlC the fair, i. e. the 
 fairest, among women^ a periphrasis 
 for the superlative degree, Cant. 
 
 l-.s. 
 
 12. bfore, as 's "'2''i^2 before the 
 eyes of any one Gen. 23: 18 before 
 (2) all who entered through the gate 
 of his city. 
 
 13. for; as U:d?2 ':;53 life for life, 
 Deut. 19: 21. Dni':;232 with danger 
 of their lives, 2 Sam." 23: 17. 'Jjnnn 
 
 /or i/zi/ daughter, Gen. 29: 18. 
 
 14. on account of. Gen. 18: 28 
 tTi2;JX2n2 on account of the five. 2 K. 
 14^: 6. Jon. 1: 14. 
 
 15. after, according to. Gen. 1:26 
 ^^^obl^Z after our likeness. Lev. 5: 
 16. -naiz according to the word or 
 command of any one. Hence 
 
 16. as. .Job 31: 36. Hos. 10:15. 
 
 17. Verbs of sense and some oth- 
 ers, construed with z, imply that 
 the action is performed with pleas- 
 
 ure, more rarely that it is connected 
 with pain. Comp. ^N'n, t'^'^, ^^N. 
 
 IS. The following construction 
 is common in Arabic, in Hebrew 
 more rare. Ps. 118 : 7 "^^Ti^a Jlin'' 
 Jehovah is among my helpers, i.e. is 
 my helper. Ps. 54:6. Judg. 11:35. 
 Ps. 99: 6. Also in the sing. Ex. 32: 
 22 thou knojoest the people, yil "^3 
 i^^n that they are wicked. Hos. 13: 9 
 '^'I'T:;?^ ^^ ^"Dfor with me is thy help. 
 This 2 is called Beth essentice. 
 
 19. before an infin. when, while, 
 Gen. 2: 4. after, Gen. 33: 18. since, 
 because, Ex. 16: 7. 
 
 With suff. "^2 ; "TjZ, in pause and 
 fern. ^2 ; i2, n2 ; si;2 ; 0:52 ; 01^2 
 and D2, irii. In poetry for 2 occurs 
 i?32, "^^a ; see ij2, ^^^ . 
 
 tD*^i^B Chald. adj. bad, wicked. Once 
 Ezri4:12. 
 
 li^S in Kal not used, to dig. Comp. 
 deriv. 1i<2, *iN2. 
 
 Pi. 'lii2 1. to engrave on stones or 
 tablets, beut. 27: 8. Hab. 2: 2. 
 
 2. to explain, eruere sensum. Deut. 
 1: 5. 
 
 ^&ill f. verbal from ^ti2 ; Plur. 
 ni^i<2, const. m'*^tt2.. 
 
 1. dwell. Gen. 21:25,30. 26: 15, 
 20, 21. 
 
 2. pit generally. Ps. 55: 24. 
 69:16. 
 
 3. proper name of an encamp- 
 ment of the Israelites in the wil- 
 derness. Num. 21: 16 18. 
 
 4. also of a place in the tribe of 
 Judah, on the way from Jerusalem 
 to Shechem. Judg. 9:21. 
 
 '^"^<'?. '^^.'^. ('^'^^^ </ ^^^ turpentine- 
 trees) a place in Moab. Once Is. 
 15:8. 
 
 '^'^P ^^h. ^^r', {well of life, of vision, 
 i.e. where one sees God and yet 
 lives, )name of a well in the desert 
 between Palestine and Egypt. Gen. 
 24: 62. 25: 11. The etymolog- 
 ical signification is given by Moses, 
 G^n. 16:24. 
 
MD 71 *wa 
 
 ni-lSta (.;&) properoame of a city ^'''- '3- 5 "l-Bn;! tti^NS; -j rt 
 . ^, ., ^ T^ . . - wicked man acts baseiy and shame" 
 
 in the tribe of Benjamin, between f^n q ^^^ o.3, 
 
 Jerusalem and Shechem. 2 Sam. 4: ,^\.^ 
 
 2. The gentile noun is "'nhNa, 2 ^^A Chald. fo 6c ei^ii, wicked; con- 
 Sam. 4: 2, 3, 23, 37. * " ' striied with b5>, ^o be displeasing ; 
 
 ]pr -^DS nnj^3 (,cW5 0/ <Ae 5on5 j- ^- ^^^ ^'^^'' ^^-:- ^^"- ^V^- ^"i 
 
 "'',?. ^ -^ ^ , the eastern languages a pleasant 
 
 of Jaakan) an encampment of the savour is often attributed to pleas- 
 
 Israelites in the wilderness; also ant objects generally, and an un- 
 
 written without m^ija. Deut. 10:6. ^^^^^^^^ ,J^^, t^ '^i,^^^^, ^.^i^h 
 
 Num. 33:31. are not pleasant. 
 
 1&<S(Syr. for ^fc^a verbal from -^Na) tifi^Il m. stink, stench. Am. 4:10. with 
 
 i. q. the more common "nia cistern. suff. iuiNa Joel 2 : 20. DUii^a Is. 
 
 Only once Jer. 2: 13; for in the Ke- 34. 3 * * ^ '^ 
 
 thib of 2 Sam. 23: 15, 16, 20, ^f<a ^.^'.J , ^.,Jk.^ 
 
 MOisprobablythetruepunctua:^.^^'?^. ^-Jo^Sl^ 40. and Q'^p.VS 
 
 tion. The Keri and the parallel Is. 5:2,4. monA^VAooti, a well known 
 
 passage in Chronicles have ^ia. poisonous herb,which produces ber- 
 
 Mt.^.i: -v>'i / , / '''^^ ^'^^6 ffi'tipes, aconitum napellus, 
 
 ^-tip i^A (. q. tiy^n-iJ -iwNta wdl of Linn. ^ *^ ' '^ ' 
 
 the outk/'d3 explained Gen. 21: 31. *^ro-^ /-.. u 
 
 26: 33.) a place on the southern ""'^^. ^^^^^' P^'^P' '' ^- "^^^ /^'-- 
 boundary of Palestine ; hence the Dan. 7:6. 
 
 phrase, all Israel ya-^D nNa-'l^-j l^ JlM f. dec. X. in the phrase ys n^a 
 from Dan to Beersheba, 2 Sam. 17: apple of the eye. Once Zech. 2: 12* 
 11. Now called, according to Seet- r -. , ^ j* a p ., . ^. . , 
 
 zen, Bir-Szdbea. [8.] In Syr. ijo^ir:) ;>;>t/ ; in Chald. 
 
 I rt^>-> ^5<aaa imaee, shadow. It appears 
 
 I. efi<3 fut. -^jMaV to have an offen- '. , ' *; ^ 
 
 " II "V- I T^ .0^. from this that l-i^' naa properly de- 
 rive *me//, to stmk. Ex.7: 18, 21. ... ''" 7", . , 
 jg. 2Q notes the image or mf/c man zn the 
 
 Niph.reflex.of Hiph. to make one's , '^^ ^'^^ T*^'^ (^- ^0 
 self loathsome or odious to any one, /^?.3 f. i5a6c/, Babylon, on the Eu- 
 construed with aandriNoftheper- 'phrates, the celebrated metropo- 
 son. 1 Sam. 13:4. 2 Sam. 10:6. 16: Hg of Babylonia; freq. With J^ lo- 
 21. Comp. the French etre en cal, ^^aa fo 5a67//on. According to 
 bonne, en mauvaise odeur. Gen. ff: 9, it signities confusion (of 
 
 Hiph. 1. to cause to stink, to cor- ^p ' 
 
 rM/j<.Ecc. 10:1. Figuratively fo ren- Icmgnages ;) comp. Syr. PliO hesi- 
 der odious to any one, construed tancy of speech, stammering, stutter^ 
 with a of the person, Gen. 34: 30. ing. It stands by syncope for ^aba 
 also, the figure being drawn out, from i^ba ; comp. nbii!:.^ Chald 
 Ex.5: 21 nsn;*:! nfi< onmian ye ^^.^^^^'sclll. 
 
 have made our savour to sti7ik, i. e. b^ / '" , . t-. 1 ^^ rr xl ir 
 ye have made us odious. ^^ ^^""^ "'>^ ^zek. 25: 7 Keth. if 
 
 2. i.q. Kal, to 5UnA;, Ex. 16: 24. this reading is correct, i. q. Arab, 
 figuratively to be loathsome or odious, ^^^ f^od. (comp. aan?,) but all the 
 1 Sam. 27: 12 ancient versions favour the reading 
 
 Hithpa. to make one'^s self odious, of the Keri ta spoil. 
 
 construed with d:?. 1 Chr. 19:6. ^\^, r . ^r~ . . ^ r ,-,j , 
 _. . ''A-^j "t. 'liia') 1. to act faithlessly, 
 
 II. tDi;?^ i. q. tiz to be ashamed. perfidiously. ' 1 Sam. 14: 33. Job 6: 
 
 Hiph. to act shamefully or basely. 15. Construed with a, to deal treach- 
 
ID 
 
 72 
 
 tin 
 
 e/ously against any one, Judg. 9: 23. 
 with Tl^Tl'^'2, faithlessly to forsake Je- 
 hovah, Jer. 5:1 1. Hos. 5: 7. 6:7. with 
 tlU5J<3, to forsake one^s wife, Mai. 2: 
 h', 15, 16. Ex. 21: 8. Construed 
 more rarely with -j^, Jer. 3: 20 
 T::f^12 'n-m m:i3 a *t;i/e forsakes 
 her husband. But y^^. may be con- 
 sidered as a noun, Ibr this verb 
 sometimes governs the accus. di- 
 rectly, as Ps. 73:15 '^''ZZ ^1T lllll 
 n^:Ji behold^ I should deal faithless- 
 ly against the generation of thy child- 
 ren, 
 
 2. to he arrogant^ wicked. Hab. 
 2: 5 n.nja l*^?! the wine^ i. e. the 
 drunken man, is wicked. Plur. 
 D'^'l^a the arrogant.^ wicked. Prov. 2: 
 22* 11: 3, 6. 13:2. 22: 12. 
 
 3. to rob, destroy. Is. 21:2. 24: 16. 
 33: 1. According to some, to strip 
 of one''s garment., as if a denom. 
 (with a privative sense) from 153. 
 Others place these examples under 
 no. 2. 
 
 I. I^^ m. verbal from -j^s. faithless- 
 ness., perfidy. Jer. 12: 1. Is. 24: 16. 
 
 II. 133 com. (generally masc.) 
 
 1. cloth^ covering. Num.4: 6 13. 
 especially of a bed, 1 Sam. 19: 13. 
 1 K. 1: 1. 
 
 2. garment.) especially the outer gar- 
 ment of the Orientalist. Gen. 24: 53. 
 
 With suft'. ""^^s ; Plur. n"''l^3, 
 const. '^'i:j3 ; with the termination 
 ni only Ps. 45: 9. 
 ni i^m plur. fem. verbal from "153. 
 treachery. Zeph.3:4. Concerning the 
 form, see art. "lit?, note. 
 
 113S verbal adj. from 1^3, found on- 
 ly in the fem. !nTi:\3 faithless., per- 
 fidious. Jer. 3:7, 10. 
 
 ^7Mil on account of., see bVa. 
 
 I. IS dec. VIII. h. 
 
 1. vain speaking., boastings ^yi^^g' 
 Job 11:3. Is. 16:6. Jer. 48:30. 
 
 2. liar^ boaster. Is. 44: 25. Jer. 50 
 
 .36. 
 
 Root ^^3 i. q. m3 in Syr. and 
 Arab, to lie., boast; kindred with 
 {<13 to imagine^ invent, 
 
 II. 12 strictly a verbal from TlS, 
 denoting the being single or separate, 
 separation. Hence "13^ adv. (1.) 
 in separation^ separately'., apart., se- 
 orsim. Ex. 26 : 9 five cunatus by 
 themselves {"l^b) and six curtains by 
 themselves (l^V.) ^^" ^^- J"^?- '^ 
 5. (2.) only, (done. Ecc. 7:29. ls.26: 
 13. (3.) ]^ ni^ and lz):'D besides., 
 except,, Ex. 12: 37 p]t272 ^ib besides 
 children. Gen. 26 : 1 iS^nh llnlDXJ 
 
 T T T ~ : 
 
 lirN'l^ln besides the first famine, 
 b:^ lib besides that which; once 
 Ezra l": 6. (4.) Very frequently 
 joined with suffixes in the follow- 
 ing manner, ''^nb "^^N / alone or by 
 myself (also without the first pro- 
 noun, if it IS implied in the verb,) 
 Num. 11: 14. r^inb lnnfi< thou alone, 
 Ex. 18: 14.'i':Ti^ riuj)3, 3j?i>: Jacob, 
 Moses alone, -i-ib "j'b for him alone. 
 Gen. 43: 32. Ps. Yl: 16 ^"in^ ^n|P^2 
 thy righteousness, even thine only, 
 (strictly justitia tui, tui solius,) 
 ^32 13 in equal parts, Ex. 30: 34. 
 
 Plur. n"'~3 strictly separations, 
 things which are separate ; hence 
 (I.) boughs, branches. Ezek. 17: 6. 
 19:14. (2.) poles, staves. Ex.25-:13ff. 
 Num. 4: 6 ff. (3.) bars. Job 17: 16. 
 Figuratively perhaps, princes, lead- 
 ers, (as if the bars, shields of the 
 people,) Hos. 11 : 6. Others take 
 it literally. (4.) ^^:fTt "''73 and sim- 
 ply 0"^13 Job 18: 13. 41, 4. [12] 
 poetically members or litnhs of the 
 body. 
 
 111. 13 m. white, fine linen, i. q. 'ij'jj. 
 Ex. 28:42. 39: 28. Lev. 6: 10. Plur. 
 t]il2 linen garments. Ezek. 9: 2, 3. 
 Dan' 10: 5. 
 
 N llH to imagine, invent, devise. 1 K. 
 12:33. Neh. 6:8 C^niSyr. for 
 fiMni. Comp. *13 no. I.^ 
 
 : 112 to separate one^s self (In Arab. 
 idem.) Part. T^iz solitary, separate. 
 
^^n 73 5?nn 
 
 alone. Ps. 102: 8. Hos. 8: 9. Deriv. piece, part; with )1it, pieoe or tip of 
 
 js no. II. and n'ls. ^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^j^- 3. j^. 
 
 17:2 verbal from 'itia. ;A. being sep. nV^B m. Gen. 2: 12. Num. 11:7. 
 
 araie ov alone.. Hence -Tinb and according to Aquila, Symm. Theod. 
 
 T12 adv. a/onc. Jer. 49: 31 ^"12 in Num., the Vulg. in both passa- 
 
 tiabyj^ they drvell alone. Is. 27: 10 g^s and Josephus, bdellium, pdoX- 
 
 ^^Z 'n^122 ^^-^isr i^e defenced city Jfoi', a transparent gum, of a sweet 
 
 {Stands) alone. Lam. 1: I The idea ff?' ""^ resembhng wax, obtain- 
 
 V 7 4 ,. , 1- , . ed from a tree which erows m Ar- 
 
 ot desolation is also implied m i i j- j T/r j- l ^u 
 
 the two last passaffes ""'*' ^""^'^ *"^ ^^''"'' perhaps the 
 
 r 5 wine-palm (borassus flabelliformis, 
 
 7. . * q- 2 ; see ^'.i. Linn.) According to the Sept. a*/- 
 
 m. verbal from H2, dec. I. a. pfarls. 
 
 L, J^ . , r . , , ^pa^. Others : beryl. The Arab. 
 
 /^ -ii m. verbal from bl2. dec. L a. -.r^J. ^ 
 
 1 the .^annum of the ancients, i.e. p^^ 1 . to <6ar in mcce,. (In Arab, pn^ 
 lead intermixed with the silver ore, -7 \ i^ 
 and 56;7amfec/ from it by fusion. '''''") ^^"^- P^-^v 
 Comp. bna fo separate. See Plin. 2. denom. from pna to repair a 
 
 H. N. xxxiv. 16. and Schneider's breach, or a decayed building. 2 
 griech. Worterbuch, art. KOKjaire- ^^^- ^^'- ^^ 
 Qog. Is. 1:25 ^^b-^ia-b^ nyDij / p75m. verbal from pna, dec. VL h. 
 will take awayallthy tin, i e. the im- i,;,^,^ ,^.^^ 2 K. 12: 5-12. Ezek. 
 pure metal mixed with thee. ^i- 9 
 
 2. tin, plumbum album of the an- ^^i^ 
 cients. Num. 31: 22. ' l-^ Chald. i. q. Heb. ^Ta to scatter. 
 
 >1^ in Kal not used. Pa- imper. Dan. 4: 11. [14.] 
 
 H'lph. 1. to divide^ separate. It is ^^IS m. subst. emptiness, desolation^ 
 
 construed with f'^ni T?'^** ^^- " ^aste, for in:: (after the form 
 
 33. with ^ .... ^'a. Gen. I: 6. with .^j-ip) from the root Mtin in Ara- 
 r^.^ .... Ys., Is. 59: 2.with 1^, Lev. bic to 6e empty, waste, spoken of a 
 20:24. It is also used absolutely, house. Always joined with sirtrj. 
 Lev. 1: 11 he shall tear the bird on Gen. 1: 2. Jer. 4:23. Is 34 : 11 
 its wings, ^^"1^2. ^'^1 ^wt not make a ^Sll "^i^N ; see liiJ^. 
 separation. '^^^ m. Est. 1: 6. probably a species 
 
 2. to separate, single out, or ap- oTmarble. Sept. o^iagaydtjTjg, by 
 point to any thing ; construed with ^^-^^^ j^ haps meani the ^reen an- 
 ^, Deut.29:20. Nura.l6:y. also with- ^.^^, porphyritic marble of Egypt. 
 
 out this dat. Deut. 4:41 ^'''71'^ t^^ >^U^^,^ c nu \a 1 . n r 
 
 ., . , ,*"' ^^ *^ . Chald. haste. Once Ezra 
 
 D'^5y llj^':^ rTU:72 t/icn JWose* a- ^ : : 
 X T . '4: 23 
 
 pointed three cities. 10: 8. 19: 7. .fc,tal*-, * 
 
 Ezek. 39: 14. ' !^ a<^j- ^r^^ght, shining. Once 
 
 Niph. 1. to be separated,! Chr. Job 37:21. (The root -inl in Chald. 
 
 23: 13. Ezra 10: 8. to separate one''s and Arab, signilies to be bright, shin* 
 
 self, construed with p. Num. IG: ing,) 
 
 21 Ezra 9:1. 10: 11. 'to separate l^^^ in Kal not used. 
 
 one s self [and go) to any one, con- " V 1 . 1 7 7 
 
 strued with^ti, 1 Chr. 12- 8 ^'^^' 1- ^^ ^ vioZenr^y moved or 
 
 2. to 66 appointed. Ezra 10: 16. ^^,^^^ (^^ ^^^^ ^^, anxiety ) to fee 
 rnT.;7 ^1^-. ,,L^H^* alarmed or confounded. Lx. 15: 16, 
 
 Leriv. .^l.,ni^^^i^. 1 Sam, 28: 21. 2 Sam. 4:1. Ps. 6: 3 
 
 m. verbal from bl2, dec. IV. a. ^JSI^ r\'^'n^2my bones tremble. 
 
 !jn3 
 
 10 
 
 ^ 
 
WD 
 
 74 
 
 i<in 
 
 2. to^efi in amazement. Judg. 20: 
 41. 
 
 3. to be disordered, destroyed. Ps. 
 104: 29 thou hidest thy face l^lbna"; 
 the y[crei\iurei^) are destroyed. Hence 
 Part. fem. used substantively, de- 
 struction. Zeph. 1:18. 
 
 4. to hasten after any thing, con- 
 strued with b. Prov. 28:22. 
 
 Pi. brtzi, fut. bni\ 
 
 1. to terrify, perfjlex., confound. 
 Ezra 4: 4. 1 Chr. 32: 18. Job 22: 
 10. 
 
 2. <o be in haste., Ecc. 5: 1. 7: 9. 
 
 3. to hasten. Est. 2: 9. 
 
 Pu. ^0 hurry., he in haste. Est. 8:1 4. 
 Prov. 20: 21 Keri nbnaa tlbn^ 
 hastened substance, i.e. substance too 
 hastily and avariciously acquired. 
 
 Hiph. 1. i.q. Pi.no. 1. Job 23:16. 
 
 2. i.q. Pi. no. 2. Est. 6: 14. 
 
 3. to drive out in haste. 2 Chr. 
 26: 20. 
 
 Plur. nilDlns animals. Also as a 
 pluralis excellentiae denoting only 
 one, Ps. 73:22. So the Bbhemoth^ 
 Job 40 : 15. From the description, 
 especially verse 18, it is pretty ev- 
 ident that the hippopotamus was in- 
 tended by the poet, (comp. Bochar- 
 ti Hieroz. II. p. 753. Ludolfi Hist, 
 ^th. I.e. 11;) and not the ele- 
 phant, as Grotius, SchuUens, and 
 Michaelis have supposed. Al- 
 though a Hebrew would regard 
 this word as an example of the plu- 
 ralis excellentiae, yet it may have 
 originated from the Egyptian word 
 Pehemout, (river ox.) Comp. 
 
 "jtlS fj^ith '^^, the thumb ; with b^.*^., 
 'the great toe! Lev. 8: 23, 24. 14: 17, 
 18. Plur. ni2n2 Judg. 1:6, 7.from 
 a sing, lina, which the Samar. text 
 always substitutes for liia. 
 
 ^r,' 
 
 Chald. Pa. to terrify, <,i;,. p^S . found only Lev. 13: 39.name 
 *^, of a harmless eruption on the skm, 
 
 Dan. 4:2,16. [4: 5, 19.] 7: 15, 
 Ithpa. pass. 5: 9. 
 
 Ilhpe.infin. M^nznln, substantive- 
 ly, haste. Dan. 2: 25.' 3: 24. 6: 20. 
 n^nil f. verbal from rnz, dec. X. 
 
 r -r .' T 
 
 1. terror.) consternation. Lev. 26: 16. 
 
 2. destruction. Is. 65: 23.^ 
 
 n'DriB f. prim, irreg. const. ri'Jlni;. 
 with" suff. ^n72ns ; Plur. m^nV, 
 const, n'l^jri.z. 
 
 1 . beast.) quadruped. Ecc. 3:19,21. 
 Lev. 11:2. 
 
 2. tame cattle, in opposition to 
 n^n wild beast. Gen. 1: 2426. 3: 
 14. 7:21. Lev. 25:7. InLev.l:2, it 
 includes ^i^'-Z and 'nj^s small and 
 large cattle. 
 
 3. large cattle, in opposition to 
 n;p^ small cattle. Gen. 34: 23. 
 
 v. 'wild beast of the field. Deut. 
 32: 24. Hab. 2: 17. generally 
 with the addition of f^Nrj, Deut. 
 28: 26. Is. 18: 6. of rT^/f'rt, -i^'f, 1 
 Sam. 17: 44. Joel 1: 20. 2: 22. or of 
 13f^lri Mich. 5: 7. The discourse is 
 here", for the most part, of ravenous 
 animals. 
 
 ption 
 
 of a dull whitish colour, still called 
 bohak by the Arabians. The root 
 prj2 in Syr. conj. Aphel signifies 
 toYe white, spoken of the leprosy. 
 
 rrinS f. the white scab of a person 
 affected with the leprosy, Xevnti of 
 Hippocrates, morphea or vitiligo alba 
 of the Latins. Lev. 13:239. Plur. 
 mnn?. verses 38,39. Comp. I""?!^* 
 
 li^lS 1. to go or come in, to enter. Gen. 
 6: 18. 7:9, 13. 39:14,17. Frequent- 
 ly opposed to t<:il ; see under no. 
 (4.) It is construed with a, Vn, or 
 an accus. (like ingredt urban.) Ps. 
 100: 4 V^n^''^^ JiNin enter into his 
 <rates. Ps. 105: 18. Hence with a 
 genitive ^rij 'NZ those who enter at 
 the gate, Gen. 23: 10, 18. Particu- 
 larly(l.) spoken of the sun, to ^o in 
 (below the horizon,) to set, go down. 
 Gen. 15:17. 23:11. (Antith. J(i:^ 
 to rise.) (2.) Ti-^Hi, bJ< MTS to lie with 
 a woman, inire feminam. Gen. 16: 
 2. 30: 3. 33: 8. Deut. 22: 13. 
 2 Sam. 16: 21. also with b?, Gen. 
 19: 31. Deut. 25: 5. (3.) spoken of 
 
a maiden, to enter the house of her 22. Jiidg. 6: 4. 11:33. and simply 
 
 husband. Josh. 15:18. Judgr. 1:14. T^Nia, Gen. 20 : 19,30. 13: 10. 
 
 (4.)it2^1 N2 to go in and out^ a ny . . . . j^iV^ /t"/?! <o, 1 K. 8: 
 
 common" periphrasis for <o conduct., 65. 2 K. 14:25. Am. 7: 14. 
 
 act., (like ^brr) 1 K. 3:7 5?'^N Nb 3. more rarely to go. (So tQiOfim^ 
 
 Ni2l DNit / fcnow noi how to go in to come and to go.) Jon. 1: 3 he found 
 
 and! out., i. e. how to live, or to act. a ship 'np'^'p^p nN2 which went to 
 
 1 Sam. 29: 6. 2 K. 19: 27 (with the Tarshish^ Hence wiUi Dy and n^t, 
 addition S'jP" to^iV.) Comp. Deut. 28: <p fcg concerned loith any one, (like 
 6. Ps. 12"lT 8. With the addition j^y **Vj^.^ Ps. 26: 4. Prov. 22: 24. 
 22;^ ^?5b 6e/ore the people, i. q. to -^j'^^ j^,^,^ 1. cans, of Kal no. 1. 
 lead or direct the people. Num- to bring in., to carry in ; e, g". the 
 27: 16. 1 Sam. 18: 16. 2 Chr. 1: 10. produce from the field, 2 Sam. 9: 
 also Deut. 31: 2. Jos. 14:11. with- lo. H-Ag. \:Q. to lead Israel in and 
 out that addition. (5.) to come in., out, i. e. to direct or govern them, 
 as profit or revenue. 1 K. 10: 14. Num. 27: 16. 1 Chr. 11:2. (Comp. 
 
 2 Chr. 9: 13. (Antith. fi<2^ to be ex- Kal. no. 1. (4.) 
 
 pendcd.) (6.) n'^^Sl tT3 to enter 2. to cause to come, to lead, to 
 
 into a covenant. See n-'^s. ^'*^- ^^^"- ^=/^^^^;/-"'?^'^''!,'3^ 
 
 I ' '\u v.. V. <o '< happen. Is. 37: 26. 46: 1 1. Pe. 
 
 2. to come, construed with ^N, Vy, q. 29 
 
 ny, or an accu?. Lam. 1:10. Jer. 32: Hoph. pass. Lev. 10: 18. 
 
 24 -i-^yrj 51J<2 niy^iO the mounds Deriv. nN-^z, Nil, rtftinn. 
 
 reach to the city. Lam.1 : 4 ^r^-^J^.3 :^^^ , j^'^i ^Jt ^^^^ J ^,, ^^^^^^ ^^ 
 
 t/to5C TMrto come to the feast, rarticu- . 
 
 1 1 /-, \ . .. empty. 
 
 larly (1.) to come wpon any one, to |^f j^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^ 2^^ 
 
 ^a^jocn io or befall h.m ; construed g ^^^'^^ }^^ ^g. j ^ ^ Figuratively 
 
 with an ace. Lzek. 32: 11 i/ic ,z.ord emp^y./^em^ed, .mpid, Job 1 1: 12. 
 
 * "^Nnn shall come upon thee. ^^ ' i ' 
 
 Job 22:* 21 ^llD TrnNl'sn ^^^if"t.t^i% <o rfc*pi>c, construed with 
 
 good shall befall the]. Ps. 35: s! an accus/Prov. 1: 7. more frequent- 
 
 44: 18 ^2n.Va nwNT-V3 all this ly with ^, Prov. 1 1: 12. 13:13. 14: 
 
 has befallen'Vs. 109: W. 119:41, ^1. Cant. 8: 7. Prov. 6:30 ^T^S-fi^b 
 
 77. Prov. 10: 24. Also with b?, Job ^Sab //let/ do not over-look a thief, \.e. 
 
 2: 11. 3: 25. 4: 25. and b, Is. 47: 9. they do not let him go unpunished. 
 
 (2.) to come to pass, to be fulfilled ; 0" Zech. 4: 10, t2 stands for t3, as 
 
 spoken of a wish, Prov. 13: 12. iffromTtz.) 
 
 of a request, Job 6:8. of a predict- 1. T'lH m. verbal from tIS. contempt. 
 
 ed sign, 1 Sam. 10: 7. especially of Ps. 123: 4. Job 31:34. 
 
 a prophecy, 1 Sam. 9:6. Deut. 13: tt .t.^. .. 
 
 2. 18:22. (3.) with 2, to come with ^^' J^3 proper name of the second son 
 any thing, to bring- it. Ps. 66: 13. ^J Nahor the brother of Abraham 
 See 3 no 2. (4.) to come at any ^^en. 22: 21. Hence a people and 
 thing; to obtain it; construed with ^,^""^7 J" j, o^u'^'^ "^ ^'^^'^ 
 
 3. Ps. 69: 28. (5.) to fall to any one, J^^' ^^J f ' f ' The gentile noun is 
 construed with bfi<. Num.32: 19. "'^''-' *^^ '^'^'^* 
 
 M'nb and i^nb *1? <*/^ one come, i. e. nT^i fern, of T^2. contempt, object of 
 
 unto. 'Num. 34: 8 n73n Nhb even <o "contempt. Once Neh. 3:36. [4:4.] 
 
 Hamath. Num. 13: 21 i^nb nh'l "I? "^Tll^ see T'^12 no. IL 
 
 n72n to Rehob and Hamath. Instead ^rj-^;?! fo^nd only in Niph. ^"iiD <o 6e 
 of this occurs also 'rjJts *ir i// thou entangled, confounded, or in conster' 
 come^r, i. e. till one comes, Gen. 19: nation. Est. 3: 15 ]^^^ '^"^^'MT 
 
yia 
 
 76 
 
 fflia 
 
 JlS'ias and the city Shushan was in 
 consternation. Ex. 14: 3 D!l D"*^?? 
 V*?.^2 they are entangled in the land, 
 i. e. they wander about in confu- 
 sion. Joel 1: 18 (spoken of iierds 
 of cattle.) In Arab. idem. Deriv. 
 
 I. x'^!3 (for V^l"^ verbal from ^n^ no. 
 
 I. i. q. J^is.) 'dec. I. a. 
 
 1. produce, proventus. Once Job 
 40: 15. 
 
 2. yy b'la after the Chaldaic us- 
 age, stick or log of wood. Once Is. 
 44: 19. 
 
 II. P'^^ (for l:!i:a^ verbal from ^n; no. 
 
 II. to rain violently.) the rain month, 
 the eighth month of the Hebrews, 
 answering to part of October and 
 part of November. Once 1 K. 6:38. 
 
 t3'^3 see n^S. 
 
 T T 
 
 'j'^S see ']'^1I1 to perceive, understand. 
 
 tD'^S, fut. D'li'', part. d"'Di2. to tread 
 or trample^ upon. Prov. 27: 7. For 
 the most part figuratively, to tread 
 down or to the ground, namely, the 
 enemy. Ps. 44: 6. 60: 14. Is.63:6. 
 
 Pil. DDia to tread a place U7ider 
 Joot. Jer."l2:10. Is. 63: 18. Here of 
 the treading of the sanctuary by 
 profane persons, or of its being pro- 
 faned by them ; comp. yiaranaTto- 
 fiav za ayia, to ayiaafiu, 1 Mac. 3: 
 45, 51. and D?3-}73, Dan. 8; 13. 
 
 Hoph. to be 'trodden under foot. 
 Is. 14: 19. 
 
 Hithpal. DDisnlri Ezek. 16: 6, 
 22. to be exposed 'to be trodden un- 
 derfoot, concidcandum se prcebere. 
 
 Deriv. JiD^i^ , n&nnn. 
 
 Y^"^ in. byssus, the finest white cotton 
 of the Egyptians, obtained from 
 several species of the gossypium, 
 also from the more costly bombax 
 gossypinum in Egypt. Also cloth 
 made of this cotton. It is synonymous 
 with "ij^, but y^z occurs only in 
 the later books. 1 Chr. 15: 27. 
 2 Chr. 2: 12, 13. 3: 14. 5: 12. Est. 
 1:6. 8:15. Ezek. 27: 16. Roofj^tis 
 
 or yz = Arab. (JOw to be white 
 
 or shining, (comp. Rev. 19: 8, 
 14.) From the same root is Y"2, an 
 egg. Comp. J. R. Forster de bysso 
 antiquorum liber singularis. Lond. 
 1776. 8vo. Celsii Hierobotan. II. p. 
 167 ff. 
 
 iljP'lS f. emptiness, desolation. Once 
 Nah. 2: 11. Root p^a= pjPa to be 
 empty. 
 
 IJ^IS m. (denom. from 'npa herd of 
 oxen, but in Syriac a herd simply.) 
 herdsman. Am. 7: 14. That the word 
 is not restricted to a feeder of ox- 
 en is evident from chap. 1:1. 
 
 I. *n!D, plur. ni^2, m. dec. I. a. 
 (strictly for ^^'n, ^i^n verbal from 
 ^vHS to dig.) 
 
 y. pit. 1 Sam. 13:6. 1 Chr. 11: 
 22. 
 
 2. especially a cistern. Gen. 37: 
 20 ff. D'^a^ltl m^iz hewn out cis- 
 terns. Beut 6: 1\. Since the emp- 
 ty cisterns were used as places of 
 confinement, (see Zech. 9: 11. Jer. 
 38: 6 ff.) hence 
 
 3. a prison. Is. 24: 22. particularly 
 ^izri n^2 , Jer. 37: 16. Ex. 12: 29. 
 
 4.' groove. Of frequent occur- 
 rence in the phrase ^^l-^'^^'i"'w/lo 
 go down to the grave, the dying, Ps. 
 28:1. 143:7. Prov. 1:12. Is. 14: 
 19 ^ni 'Di^-^i^. "^I'l^"' those who 
 are or should be laid in tombs 
 built of stone, ^^z 1^ io the grave, 
 Prov. 28: 17. Hence 
 
 5. the regions of the dead. Is. 14: 15 
 'n'13 ''riS'-j^ the depths of the lower 
 regions. 
 
 II. n^S i. q. nS (q. V.) 
 
 11!21 i. q. 1'^s no, 3. to examine. Once 
 Ecc. 9: 1.'" 
 
 I. tbi2, pret.-ijison'ija; fut. uj^n\ 
 to be ashamed. Job 6: 20. 19:3. Ez- 
 ra 8: 22. 9: 6. construed with -jTa 
 of the thing, Ezek. 36: 32. (comp*. 
 43: 10,11.) 
 
 2. to be made ashamed, especially 
 to be deceived in one's expectation, 
 or in the issue of one's undertak- 
 ing, with which shame is usually 
 
Tn 
 
 77 
 
 Tt5 
 
 connected. Ps. 22: 6 j^'b'; ^Wpa "^3 
 Jl'iJis /4ei/ trusted in thee' and' were 
 not made ashamed. 25:2, 3,20. 31: 
 2, 18. 71: 13 ''ijs: "'p.pii; r:Ji3;j may 
 Mey wj/jo lie in wait for my life be 
 brought to shame. The object of dis- 
 appointed hope is preceded byjTq, 
 Jer. 2 : 56 ^'<pinn n^^n:i72^ Da 
 ^^^i<^ r)p2, "i'^^i thou shah also 
 be disappointed in Egypt, as thou wast 
 disappointed in Assyria. 12: 13. 48: 
 13. Hos. 4: 19. 10: 6. Ps. 69: 7 ^N 
 '^''ip 'I V:;i3;i /ef no r/<05C 7a)ho wait 
 on thee be disappointed in or through 
 me. Here belongs the phrase ^5y 
 ttJTS, e. g. Judg. 3: 25 r/ie?/ waited 
 UJis iy till they were ashamed., i. e. 
 very long. 2K.2:17. 8:11. In the last 
 passage perhaps till he was embar- 
 rassed, 
 
 3. figuratively of inanimate na- 
 ture, Hos. 13: 15 T'm'p^ T2;i3:. his 
 spring shall be ashamed^ i.e.' dried up. 
 Comp. 'iiTa no. II. According to oth- 
 ers, uJia here is i. q. t^l to dry up. 
 
 Hiph. t^:iri_. 1 .caus. oTKal nos. 1 . 
 2. to shame ^ make ashamed., disappoint 
 anyone. Ps. 14: 6. 44: 8. 119:31, 
 116 ""^3^^ '^?''?P''^r! -^"^ '^^ " not be 
 disappointed in my hope. 
 
 2. to bring disgrace on any one. 
 Prov. 29: 15. 
 
 3. intrans. to act basely^ shameful- 
 ly. (Prov. 13:5.) Hance part. 'a:'^3^. 
 fcase, contemptible, foolish; often in 
 opposition to^suj^ wise. Prov. 10: 
 5. 12:5. 14: 35.* 17: 2. 19:26. 
 
 Another Hiph. see under u;3'' 
 no. II. 
 
 Hithpal. u;*::2nn to be ashamed. 
 Gen. 2: 25. " '' * 
 
 Deriv. out of course, lri3\IJ2, n^a 
 and u:^373. ^ ' ^ 
 
 II. ^I2l found only in Pil. "Xtiz to de- 
 lay. Ex. 32: 1. Judg. 5:28." It may 
 also be formed from u3'2J3. 
 
 51^'^^ f. verbal from m^. shame^ 
 disgrace. Ps. 89: 46. Mic. 7: 10. 
 
 T\^'2 Chald. to pass the night, Dan. 6: 
 19. Hence the Heb. n^2, plur. fiTis, 
 house. 
 
 T^ m. verbal from tt2, dec. VIII. f. 
 
 booty, whether of men, (i. q. ^3UJ,) 
 of animals, (i. q. inip)?)?,) or "of 
 other possessions. Num.' 14:3 I2'"i233 
 t3b 'I'^n') ^23D') thai our wives and 
 our children should become a prey. 
 Jer.l5:13'jn^ T3b ':]'^ni*^i:"i') Tj^'^n 
 thy substance and thy treasures will I 
 give for a prey. Very frequent is 
 the phrase t3b ?T^ln to become a prey, 
 Num. 14: 3l"' Deut. 1: 39. Is. 42: 
 22. Jer. 2: 14. and T3b "jna to give 
 for a prey. Ezek. 25: 7. 
 
 i^T2l Arab. A3 to subject to one'^s self. 
 
 Only Is. 18: 2, 7 whose land the riv- 
 ers overflow. According to the Chald. 
 Vulg. and some Rabbins, i. q. TT3 to 
 lay waste. So also the reading in3 
 in 4 MSS. 
 
 JlTS^ fem. of Ta booty, prey. 2 Chr. 14: 
 l4. Est. 9: 10, 15, 16. Often joined 
 with -^SUJ and bb^, 2 Chr. 28: 14. 
 Ezra 9:7. Dan. Vl: 24, 33. 
 
 iT^ i. q. T^a to despise, esteem lightly; 
 construed with an accus. Num. 15: 
 21. more frequently withb, 2Sam.6: 
 16. 2K.19: 21. once with ^y, Neh.2: 
 19. Est. 3:6 n'r*?^ ^T^s 1^\')it 
 appeared to him contemptible to lay 
 hands, etc. Prov. 19: 16 T^r)^T iiTi 
 he who despises his ways, i. e. is in- 
 different about them. Is. 49: 7 nt3b 
 UJD3 to the despising of men^ i. e. to 
 him whom men despise. 
 
 Niph. Part. rtT33 despised. Ps.l5: 
 4. Is. 53: 3. 
 
 Hiph. i. q. Kal. Est. 1:17. 
 
 Deriv. out of course prob. Jit3^2. 
 
 11*^?!!! m. verbal from Jita. contempt. 
 O'nce Est. 1: 18. 
 
 TT^, plur. :)tTa, 13tt^i ^^^^ ^-'i'f?' 
 fut. T'3\ 
 
 1 . to spoil, plunder ; ( 1 .) used ab- 
 solutely, Num. 31 : 53. 1 Sam. 14: 
 36 dria lnT'33 let us make spoil among 
 them. (2.) construed with an ac- 
 cus. to take as booty, to make spoil 
 o/any thing, Gen. 34: 29. Deut. 2: 
 35 :i3^ ilDTTa ill^^aJl p^ 07ily the 
 cattle we took as a prey to ourselves. 
 3:7. 20:14. Josh. 8: 17. Ps. 109: 
 
inn 
 
 78 
 
 inn 
 
 11. Ezek. 26:12. (3.) construed 
 with an accus. of the place, Gen. 
 34: 27 1^i;n ITl^l and they plunder- 
 ed the city. 2 K. 7: 16. Ezek. 39: 10. 
 2 Chr. 14: 14. 
 
 Niph. Tti3, plur. ^T'3J; infin. tisn; 
 fut. ^^z\ to be made a prey of^ to be 
 plundered. Am. 3: 11. Is. 24:3. 
 
 Pu. idem. Jer. 50: 37. 
 
 Deriv. fz, JiTS. 
 
 pTS m. found only Ezek. 1: 14. Ac- 
 
 ^cording to the versions, lightning. 
 
 Root pT2, in Syr. and Arab, to scat- 
 
 <er, to break in pieces ; in Arab, also 
 
 to beam, to emit rays. 
 
 pT n proper name of a city lying south 
 of Bethshan or Scylhopolis. Only 
 Judg. 1:4. 1 Sam. 11:8. 
 
 *1T3, fut. ^Tfi*;, i. q. ^T5 to scatter. 
 Once Dan. 11: 24. 
 
 Pi. idem. Once Ps. 68: 31. In A- 
 rab. idem. In Aram. 'I'la (q. v.) 
 
 "Jinn m. verbal from )T}Z. one who ex- 
 amines metals, a metallurgist. Once 
 Jer. 6: 27. This form often has an 
 active signification ; comp. pT::5J= 
 pUJ5> oppressor. 
 
 jinUl m. dec. 1. found only Is. 23: 13 
 Keri, prob. a tower, raised by a be- 
 sieging enemy ; comp. "jriz. Chald. 
 specula. The root is either 1^1= 
 Arab. z'. A^T^ conj.ix.xi. to be rais- 
 ed up ; or the Heb. "jria in the sense 
 of exploring, spying, as if i. q. Iit:^. 
 
 *1^n3, plur. Cl'^'l^ns 'i^ns (with 
 D;igesh forte implied, to distinguish 
 it from d'^'intis.) m. a youth, young 
 man. Deut. 32: 25. Prob. verbal 
 from "nna to choose, and literally sig- 
 nifying chosen, particularly as a 
 young man for military service. 
 Otherwise (n and id being inter- 
 changed) it may be compared with 
 
 ^'zz =Arab. r^^ a young man. 
 
 tl^1riT\ti, masc. plur. Num. 11:28. 
 and Til'l'inn fem. plur. denom. 
 
 from 'Ulns. youth, period of youth* 
 Ecc. 11: 9^ 12: 1. 
 
 I'^nn Is. 23: 13 Keth. see )^nz. 
 
 ^I'^nm verbal adj. and subst. from 
 ina, dec. III. a. one chosen or elect- 
 ed' o{ God. Is 42: 1. 43:20. 45:4. 
 Ps. 106:23. 
 
 /^nn 1. to loathe, abhor, construed 
 vfith 2. Zech. 11: 8. So in Aram. 
 
 2. as in Arab, to be covetous, part. 
 Pu. fem. Prov.20: 21 Kethib nl:ni^ 
 penuriously acquired. 
 
 "jrin, fut. Ilnl"), to examine, try, prove, 
 spoken properly of a metallurgist, 
 who examines and purities his me- 
 tals in the fire. Jer. 9:6. Zech. 13:9. 
 Ps. 66: 10. hence metaphorically 
 Job 23: 10 he tries me, I come forth 
 as gold. Also without this figure, 
 Ps. 7: 10 thou triest the hearts and 
 reins. 17: 3. Jer. 11: 20. 17: 10. 
 Spoken of men who try or tempt 
 God, Mai. 3:10, 15. 
 
 Deriv. out of course pVia. 
 
 "in-? n prob. tower. Once Is. 32*: 14. 
 Comp. )^nz. 
 
 "jnS m. verbal from jHa. examination, 
 trial. Is. 28: 16. 
 
 nn3, fut. ^ni,*], to choose, select, elect; 
 construed with an ace. Josh. 24: 15. 
 2 Sam. 24:12. IK. 18:25. more 
 frequently with 2, Num. 16: 5. 17: 
 20. [5.] Deut. 7: 6. with }>, only 
 1 Sam. 20: 30 (where many MSS. 
 have 2.) with >?, Job 36:21. When 
 followed by "^72, to choose, to prefer 
 rather, Ps. 84: 11. 
 
 2. to take pleasure in any thing or 
 any body, to like, be pleased,[comi>.di' 
 ligere and delectari,) construed with 
 an ace. or with 2. Gen. 6 : 2 "bbTZ 
 ^^t12 'llp^f o/* all whom they liked. 
 Is. 1:^29. 2 Sam. 15: 15 I'^J^. !:b3 
 ^ilJJt IJll*^ according to all which 
 m.y lord shall please. 2 Sam. 19:38 
 '^'bs> ^nzn 'npfi< bb all which thou 
 desirest of me. ' Pro v. 1: 29. 3: 31. 
 Is. 14: 1. Zech. 1:17. 2: 12. 3:2. 
 
 3. as in Aram, to prove, examine. U. 
 
non 
 
 79 
 
 pn 
 
 48:10. '>33> lirDS'^l^n^na I have tried 
 thee in the furnace of affliction. 1 MS. 
 has in this place '^'^nDns anexplaa- 
 atory gloss, Comp. Job 34: 4. 
 
 Part, '^ina, plur. const, "''^^ina 
 (whereby it is distinguished from 
 &"'^/in3 young men.) chosen., selected. 
 
 Judg. 20: 15 ^^nz 'li-'ii ni?3 yn-ij 
 
 jezjn hundred chosen men. 16: 34. 
 
 1 Sam. 24: 3. 2 Sam. 6: 1 "bs-ni* 
 bN'n'D"'2 "i^inz all the chosen mln in 
 Israel. 
 
 Niph. part. ^iniD. 
 
 1. worthy to be chosen, choice, ex- 
 cellent , eligendus. Prov. 16:16 m':p 
 P]DS)3 ^n;33^l2'^2 to possess wisdom 
 is more excellent than silver. 22:1. 
 Jer. 8: 3. Prov. 10: 20. 8: 10, 19. 
 
 2. pleasant, acceptable. Prov. 21: 
 3 riT^ ilJJT'lb ^n^3 more acceptable 
 to Jehovah than sacrifice. 
 
 Deny. 1"'na, ntin^^, 'nins?:. 
 
 N0!!1 and ki^^ <o 5;?caA: inconsider- 
 ately or rashly. Part.iit3i2, Prov. 12: 
 18. 
 
 Pi. NB^, Lev. 5; 4 y^jZJn ''S tt;B3 
 Id "^riDiyi Ktaib /* any one szarear*, *o 
 a to speak inconsiderately with his 
 lips. The addition of the word 
 D'^nSiZ), which occurs also Ps. 106: 
 34. Num. 30: 7, 9. gives intensity 
 to the idea of rash talking. Comp. 
 D'TiCiz) i5'^M Deriv. fc^niT:. 
 
 n03 1. fo trust OT confide in; con- 
 strued most commonly with 2, Ps. 
 13:6. 28: 7. also with i^5>, 2 K'. 18: 
 20, 21,24. and ?N, Ps.'4: 6. 31:7. 
 Judg. 20: 36. A dative of personal 
 advantage is sometimes added, Jer. 
 
 trust ye not in lying words, ver. 8. 
 
 2 K. 18:21 (comp. Is. 36: 6, where 
 ^\ is omitted.) Is. 36: 9. 
 
 2. used absolutely, to be quiet, se- 
 cure, without fear. Is. 12: 2 behold, 
 God is my help, inzii i^b") ritJii^ 
 therefore am I secure and fear no- 
 thing. Prov. 11: 15 U^ypp N3iiy 
 tiuiz he who hateth suretiship is sure 
 
 or secure. (Antith. ^il^ y^.) Some- 
 times, in a bad sense, to be careless^ 
 thoughtless, especially in the part. 
 'n'^i:: careless, thoughtless. Judg. 18: 
 7 nt?.31 Cpiz; secure and thoughtless. 
 verses 10,27. Is. 32: 9 m>t:3 ms, 
 ye careless daughters, ver. 10, 11. 
 Jer. 12:5. Prov. 14:16. (Comp. 
 the articles p5<u;, JibuJ, mbuj.) 
 
 Part. pass. n^t22 confident, trust- 
 ing, with an active signification, 
 (comp. Lat. confisus.) Is. 26: 3, Ps. 
 112:7. 
 
 Hiph. to cause to trust, to inspire 
 confidence. Jer. 28:15. 29:31. 2 K. 
 18:30. Ps. 22: 10. 
 
 Deriv. out of course HD^^a. 
 
 nlOlp Di. verbal from tins, confidence, 
 security. Is. 32 : 17. Hence HDSb 
 and nuzi used adverbially, confi- 
 dently, securely, without fear and 
 without danger, secure et tute. Gen. 
 34: 25. hence frequently, tlCa ^S^y, 
 ip" to dwell quietly, securely, 1 Sam. 
 12:'ll. J K. 4:25. Jer 23: 6. also 
 carelessly, thoughtlessly, Jer. 49: 31. 
 Judg. 8: 11. 
 
 nOS proper name of a city in the 
 country of Aram Zobah, 2 Sam. 8: 
 8. which in the parallel passage 
 1 Chr. 18: 8. is called nrjiq. 
 
 SlHDil f. Is. 30: 15. and 
 
 T J 
 
 lini^S m. Is. 36:4. Ecc. 9:4. ver- 
 bals from nt22. confidence. 
 
 nin^5. fem. plur. verbal from Jicsu 
 
 ir?em. Job 12:6. 
 ^Oj to cease or /cazje off from labour. 
 
 Once Ecc. 12: 3. In Arab, and Syr. 
 
 idem. 
 
 ^CpS Chald. idem. Ezra 4: 24. 
 
 'Pa. bt25, plur. sibiaa, infin. i^btDS. 
 <o caw^e to cease, to hinder. Ezra 4: 
 21,23. 5:5. 6:8. 
 
 jlJlii f. prim. dec. VI. g. 1. body, bel- 
 ly. Judg. 3:21. particularly womb. 
 Gen. 25: 23, 24. Job 3: 10 Np ^^, 
 
 ^:d:3 'nb']! ^SO because it shut not 
 up the doors of my mother"^ s womb. 
 
r^ 
 
 80 
 
 "^J^ llQij^ from the womb of my mo- 
 ther, Judg. 16:17. Ps. 22 : 10, 1 1. 
 jp.l "^"ID fruit of the body or womb^ 
 children ; used also in reference to 
 the male, Deut. 7: 13. 28: 4, 11. 30: 
 9. Mich. 6:7. Job 19: 17 '^zpli -:a 
 my children^ (spoken by Job.) 
 
 2. metaphorically, as the seat of 
 thought and feeling, i.q. the breast, 
 heart. Job 15: 2, 35. 32: 18. 
 Jpa, "^tlld ^^^ inmost part of the 
 breast^ Prov. 18: 8. 20: 27. 26: 22. 
 
 3. used in architecture, for a bel- 
 ly-like protuberance in pillars. IK. 
 7: 10. 
 
 tD'^DuO^ masc. plur. found only Gen. 
 43: 11. pistich nuts, the fruit of the 
 Pistacia vera, Linn, a species of ob- 
 long nuts, like hazel nuts, but with 
 a double shell, and flat on one side. 
 They are native in Palestine. Comp. 
 Celsii Hierob. T. I. p. 24 27. 
 
 2 particle of entreaty, found only in 
 the phrase iqnJt ^ov "^iwH^'z pray 
 or hear^ my lord, or Lord ! Gen.43: 
 20. 44:18. Ex.4: 10,13. Num.12: 
 11. Sept. dtofxac^ dfOfud^a. Vulg. 
 obsecro. This, like many similar 
 particles, is perhaps primitive and 
 underived. The most probable 
 derivations, however, which have 
 been proposed, are (1.) ^z per mz 
 (sell, obsecro.) The Arabians use 
 oaths in this way ; and the expres- 
 sions for swearing and for supplica- 
 tion often coincide. Others com- 
 pare the expression used by 
 the Germans on the Rhine, mein! 
 (2.) 12 for '^'Jz entreaty (q. v.) by 
 contraction ; comp. ^2 = -i'S* A 
 noun in the accusative is often used 
 as a particle. The Aramean trans- 
 lators render it by this word, rii^ia 
 cum obsecratione^ quceso. 
 
 li>^'^3 f. verbal from Nl'a. entrance. 
 Once Ezek. 8: 5. 
 
 ]^^i pret. -ja, nnsa and -^nis^a, fut. 
 y^l, strictly, as in Arab, to be separ- 
 ated, (hence )>: between,) to be dis- 
 tinct, clear. 
 
 1. to see, perceive, observe. (Comp. 
 Germ, merken to observe with Mar- 
 ke boundary; Lat. videre to see, 
 with videre (whence dividere, vid- 
 ua) to divide ; intelligere, literally 
 to discern ; cernere, decernere, to 
 divide and to see.) Construed with an 
 accusative, Prov. 7:7. Dan. 10: 1. 
 with 2, Neh. 13:7. Ezra 8: 15. and 
 ^, Job" 23: 8. 
 
 2. to see into, to understand. Is. 6: 
 0. Dan. 12:8. 
 
 3. to know. Ps. 139: 2 "JJ^b nn32 
 
 .... T : - 
 
 pin^l^, tkou krtowest my thougnts 
 afar off. 19: 13. Here belongs y:s, 
 nS;T to know or possess knowledge, 
 Prov. 29: 7. and t2S'p 'j'^a to know 
 what is rights Job 32: 9. Prov. 
 28:5. 
 
 4. used absolutely, <o Aavct/nc/er- 
 standing, to be wise or intelligent. 
 Ps. 49: 21. Part. D"'22 the intelligent, 
 prudent. 
 
 Niph. -jiriD i. q. Kal no. 4. Is. 10: 
 13. Part. ]i3 intelligent. Gen. 41: 
 33, 39. Deut." 1: 13.- -1^^ "jis^ in- 
 telligent of speech, eloquent, 1 Sam. 
 16: 18. comp. Is. 3:3. 
 
 Pil. );i'2 found only Deut. 32: 10. 
 to observe, take care of. 
 
 Hiph. I^^rt. 1. cans, of Kal, to 
 make to understand, to explain. Dan. 
 8: 16. 
 
 2 to teach, instruct. Neh. 8 : 9 
 Di^n ni< t3"*3'^l^ who taught the peo- 
 pled Ps." 119: 34, 73, 130. Construed 
 with two accusatives, Ps. 119 : 27 
 '^3:'^^ri '^"I^JPS ^^14 the way of thy 
 commandments teach thou me. More 
 rarely with b of the person, Job 6: 
 24 wherein I' have erred, "^b ^-"^liSl 
 teach ye me. Dan. 1 1: 33. or of the 
 thing, Neh. 8:7. 
 
 3. to make wise. Job 32: 8. 
 
 4. intrans, as in Kal, to observe, 
 perceive, attend. Dan. 8:5, 17 "^llrt 
 D^^{-';a attend mortal! 9: 23. lo" 
 
 ir;i2: 
 
 5. to know. Job 28 : 23 &''!rTb*( 
 nS'T^ l"*^*! ^0^ knows the way 
 thereto. Construed with bNf, Ps. 33: 
 15. with 2, Dan. 1:17. Part, fit) 
 
ra 
 
 81 
 
 T3 
 
 skilled^ especially in writing, learned, 
 1 Chr. 27:32. Ezra 8:16. 
 
 6. to be wise^ intelligent. Part. 
 Y:272, Prov.8: 9. 17: 10; 24. 
 
 iiithpal. 'J3''3nn. 
 
 1. to observeMttend^ regard. Used 
 absolutely, Jer. 2: 10. with an ace. 
 Job 37: 14. Ps. 119:95. with ^J<, 
 IK. 3: 21. 1=?. 14: 16. with ^2?, Job 
 31: 1. Ps.37: 10. with i:?, Job 32: 
 12. 38: 18. with 2, Job 20: 20. 
 
 2. to understand'. Job 26 : 14 the 
 thunder of his power, ISian"" ''12 who 
 hath understood it. 
 
 3. to be skilful, intelligent. Ps.119: 
 100. 
 
 Deriv. out of course ]lSr!, M:^:3ri. 
 
 ^''Sl, const. 'J''3, strictly asubst. inter- 
 mediate space, interval, midst ; hence 
 dual D^:2, 1 Sam. 17:4, 23 u;'^N^ 
 d')32lrT a middle-man, umpire.,champi' 
 on.Hence ^^iz Is.44:4.and j'^z (with 
 suff. 'rz, ^rz, also *^^2''z^ ciD'^rz, 
 and ^rni:''z,Dni:''2,)used as a prep- 
 osition between. For between this and 
 that, stands 'j'^n^ .... I-'Z Ex. 11:7. 
 !:.... I^z Gen. 26 : 28. 'j*lb....]''z Is. 
 59: 2. n*^^^ ^1^?. V?. ti^ithin ten 
 days, Neh. 5: f8.--Prov. 26: 13 'j'^z 
 niah'^tl in the streets. Many verbs 
 of seeing, knowing, and teaching, are 
 construed with "jiz, and signify to 
 see, know, or teach a difference be- 
 tween, etc. Thus Mai. 3: 18 Dn'^N") 
 SJp^b p"*-!^ I^Z ye shall see the dif- 
 ference between the righteous and the 
 wicked. So with vy^ 2 Sam. 19: 36. 
 Jon. 4: 1 1. with pin 1 K. 3: 9. with 
 rfnin^o teach, Ezek. 44 : 23. comp. 
 Lev. 27: 12. 
 
 In combination with other prepo- 
 sitions,(l.) Y'Z \i^^ between, ad medi- 
 um, governing an* ace. Ezek. 10: 2. 
 31:10. (2.) yzJ2from between, out of, 
 e medio. Ps. 104:12 frofn, between 
 the branches. Num. 17:2. [16:37.] 
 Deut. 2S:o7the after-birth n"J;'>^ 
 rj"*?.^"! ']'^^J2 which Cometh out from 
 between her feet. (Comp. Il.xix. 1 10.) 
 Gen. 49: 10 there shall not deport 
 ''''^'*1 Vr!^. P)?.n^ the sceptre from 
 11 
 
 his feet, i. e. from its proper place 
 between the feet of the king. More 
 rarely ^V^. '^ n^^^^Lv i. q. Vr.^ ^ ^^* 
 16: 14. (3.) b rn:''2/!2 between, in- 
 tra, (comp. b ivi2, b nnn53.) Ezek. 
 10:2. .-" 
 
 "i*^?. prep. Chald. between, as in 
 Hebrew. 
 
 HD'^S f verbal from 'j'^z, dec. X. 
 
 1 . the act of understanding. Is. 33: 1 9. 
 
 2. understanding,wisdom,knowlcdge. 
 Prov. 2: 3. Job 28: 12, 20. Is. 1 1:2. 
 fl-"^:: i'"!'^ to have or acquire knowl- 
 edge, job 38: 4. Prov. 4: 1. Is. 29: 
 24. !i3'^2 i"l/ intelligent, prudent^ 
 2 Chr.2:12.1 Chr.l2:32 nra "'r^'^ 
 d'^ri5'*b understanding the times, i. q. 
 D^rin "^i-n^^ Est. 1: 10. 
 
 T : 
 
 3. explanation, interpretation, of 
 a vision. Dan. 8: 15. comp. 9: 22. 
 
 p3 f. dec. J. a. egg. Deut. 22: 6. 
 Root ynz or y*z, signifying in 
 Arab, to be white. Comp. y^z. 
 
 I']^ i. q. '1N3 a spring or well. Found 
 only Jer. 6:7 Keri. comp. Arab. 
 
 ni^2 f. dec. X. 1. castle, fortress, cit- 
 adel, palace. !n"T'2?l ]U;n"J the for- 
 tress Susa, Neh. 1: 1. Est. 1: 2. 2:3, 
 8.3:15. Dan. 8:2. All these pas- 
 sages can be understood of a prop- 
 er citadel. Mention is also made, 
 in the same connexion, of '"i^'i'tl 
 1'riu: the city of Susa, Est. 3: jo. 8: 
 15. in other places it is used for the 
 whole city. Est. 9:6,1 1,12. Compare 
 the notice of Herodotus,that Susa at 
 first was the name only of a citadel, 
 and afterwards was transferred to 
 the whole city. In speaking of Je- 
 rusalem, it is applied to ihe fortress 
 of the temple. Neb. 2: 8. 7: 2, 
 which in Josephus (J. A. xv. 14. 
 xviii. 6. B. J. I. 16. vj. 15.) is cal- 
 led ^o.^)ig. 
 
 2. temple, as if palace of God. 
 
 1 Chr. 29: 1, 19. (In Syr. [Zjli:; 
 palaiiiim, arx.) 
 
n*'^ 
 
 82 
 
 n'^n 
 
 MTS Chald. idem. Ezra 6: 2. 
 
 2^''3"1'^3 f. ilenom. from in^'^a, found 
 oniy in the plur. nrD'i^a^ c'astle^cit- 
 adel. 2 Chr. 17: 12. 27: 4.* 
 
 ri']!D m. (concerning Prov. 2: 18, see 
 n^iZJ,) verbal from n^2; const, n'^z, 
 j)lur. DTia {boUim) for tD'^nnz or 
 D'nnz from an obs. sing, nna 
 
 P y X p 
 
 (comp. in Syr. K^o, phir. ^jZ.\ii.) 
 1. hovsCj duelling. n"^??! "ja 
 50W o/ i/je house.^ a slave born in the 
 house., zicr/ia, Gen. 15:3. Ecc. 2: 7. 
 C'pTi-'' r\'^z the eternal house., the grave^ 
 Ecc. 12: 5. rr^an Xi^ ^t;N one who 
 is placed over the house., a steward., 
 Gen. 44: 1. The cGcusative D^z 
 frequently stands for n'^^iz in the 
 house., Gen. 24 : 23. Num. 30 : 11. 
 With He local, inrT^Z into the house., 
 Gen. 19:10. const. nn^2, e.g. JiD'^a 
 y\'D^^ into the house of Joseph., 43: 17. 
 "2. tent. Gen. 33: 17. 2 K. 23:7. 
 Ps. 5: 8. (In Arab. \^J^^ idem.) 
 
 3. palace^ temple, ni>"}C rr^a 
 palace of Pharaoh., Gen. 12: 15. D^Z 
 =7i.'?.\ royal palace. D^Zll b^' ^H^iNl. 
 overseer of the palace., prcefectvs pal- 
 atii., one of the great officers of the 
 crown, I K. 4: 6. 2 K. 15: 5. 19: 2. 
 h>. 3G: 3. comp. Dan. 2 : 49. n":: 
 "p'r-" temple of Dagon., 1 Sam. 5: 2. 
 n^n^ n"'Zl temple of Jehovah., appli- 
 ed also to the tabernacle of the 
 congregation, Ex.23: 19. Spoken 
 of a mngnificent sepulchre, or 
 mausoleum, Is. 14: 18. 
 
 4. applied to part of a hoiise or 
 palace ; e. g. )']l^ tin'C;?3 n*2 han- 
 quctting-hail, Est. 7: 8. (comp. Dan. 
 5: 10.) t]"-^5ri rr^Z harem. Est. 
 2:3. 
 
 5. in an extended sense, a re- 
 pository., place.) or container of any 
 thing. i::?.i^i ""nz smelling bottles., Is. 
 
 t 3 : 20. d'^-Z^i D"n''")=:c D'^^ ^'^^ 
 places for the staves., Ex. 26: 29. 36: 
 34. 37:14. 38:5. t^Z'D^ n^Z the 
 spider's web., Job 8: 14.--1 K. lb* 32 
 
 a trench &';ni<D n'^iiD about the ca- 
 pacity of two seahs. D'^^lSiNt n"^3 a 
 vein of stones., (in the earth,) Job 
 8:17. Neh. 2:3 ^\^^^p^ n^a ^i^^'rt 
 "^niiJl. the city where my fathers are 
 buried. Ezek. 41 : 9 my^St n^Z 
 n'^zb "I'iii^. the place for the side- 
 chambers of the house. Prov. 8: 2 
 mi^n: n'^z the place where several 
 roads meet. 
 
 G.the inner part., u-i</<tn,(antith. y^H 
 without.) lnn'^2 within., ad intus^ Ex. 
 28; 26. 39: 19. ri\z)2from within, 
 ab intus.. Gen. 6: 1 i. b n^Z Ezek. 1: 
 27. \ DIZ^ 1 K. 6: 16. and ^ n^ZTab 
 Num. 18 : 6. within. ^ n"*?,^ b*f. 
 within., ad intus., 2 K. 11:' 15. 
 
 7. figuratively, family., kindred, 
 
 tribe, people. (Comp. in Arab. A^ 
 
 tent., family, tribe, people.) Ex. 12: 
 4. Gen. 7:1. 50 : 4 MbJ^S n^z the 
 people, i.e. the sew ants, of Pharaoh. 
 Ex.2:l )":: n^z the tribe of Levi. n'^Z 
 bN'l'i/';) i^'^^?^'! the people of Judah, 
 of Israel. nVrT^ irT^Z the family or 
 people of Jehovah, i. e. Israel, Hos.8: 
 1. 9: 8, 15. Jer. 12: 7. comp. iTim. 
 3: 15. Heb. 3: 6. 
 
 8. particularly posterity. Gen. 
 18: 19. Hence Ruth 4: 11 'ni:;. :):z 
 bi^.'^tJ'^ they have built the house of 
 Israel, i, e. have given posterity to 
 Israel, b rT^Z ^T2z to raise up poster- 
 ity to any one., i. q. ^ Quj ^'^p.'H. ^^ 
 raise vp a name to any one, spok- 
 en of him who marries a brother's 
 widow, Deut. 26: 9. When spoken 
 of God_, io give posterity, 2 Sam. 7: 
 27. 1 K. 11:38. In the same sense 
 occurs b n^z n'li^" 2 Sam. 7: U. IK. 
 2:21. ' '* "^ 
 
 9. ZiS n^z strictly one'^s father''s 
 house. Gen. 24: 23. hence one's fa- 
 thers family, kindred. Gen. 46: 31 
 Joseph spake to his brethren, and to 
 his father''s house. 47: 13. and /ami- 
 %, a subdivision of a tribe, smaller 
 than J^nrr^a (q. v.) Num. 1 : 2 
 number the children of Israel 
 
T\^2 
 
 83 
 
 n^n 
 
 fin-iiN n*^ib Dnn2'i;72':: according 
 to their generations and families, ver. 
 18 fif. Snil5 rT'n "'iJN-^ heads of 
 
 their families^ Ex. 6^14. or D'^wJN'l 
 finiiwV n"':?b t Chr. 5: 24. also el- 
 lipticallj ni:iN ^UpNn 1 Chr. 8-6. 
 
 26: 32. Num. 31: 26. Josh. 14: 
 1. likewise ni:ni|J "^n/r 1 Chr. 29: 
 6. m'nijrj "JJ^t}: '2 Chr. 5: 2. (Sjr. 
 
 .p d p r I 
 
 n"^? is used before many proper 
 names of places. The most re- 
 markable of these combinations are 
 the following, 
 
 1. rr;? a cily of Moab, Is. 15: 2. 
 elsewhere written more in fnll n'^3 
 
 2. p.J< n'^2 {house of idols) a city 
 in the tribe of Benjamin. Josh. 7:2. 
 18:12. I Sam. 13:5. 14:23. This 
 name, by way of reproach, is also 
 given by the prophets to VN'ri"^!: 
 the city which follows. See iiN 
 no. 1. 
 
 3. bfij ry^z {house of God) a city 
 between Shechem and Jerusalem, 
 at first called "r^b, after the time of 
 Jeroboam the seat of the worship 
 of the g-olden calf, hence called by 
 the prophets "^li^ n^2 {house of 
 idols.) Concerning the origin of the 
 name, see Gen. 28: 19. 35: 1 15. 
 The gentile noun is ^P^rr rT'z IK. 
 16: 34. 
 
 4. _b^Ntin n""?. a place not far 
 from Samaria. Mic. 1: 11. 
 
 5. "pyTa b'^z n^z Josh. 13 : 17, a 
 place in the tribe of Reuben, after- 
 wards taken possession of by the 
 Moabites, called also siinply b>2 
 
 6. n^Z rT'Z found only Judg. 7: 
 24, a place on the Jordan, prob. 
 for iTTl^i'TT^Z {domus transitus.^) 
 perhaps Biqdapu^u^ John 1 : 28. 
 
 7. 'I'l.^i IT'Z {house of iuclosure) 
 a place in the tribe of Judah, iChr. 
 
 2: 51, otherwise called In^X^ Josh. 
 15:36, and ^'lij. 12: 13. 
 
 8. "jiaT D'^Z {temple of Da gon) a 
 city in the tribe of Judah, Josh. 15: 
 41. Also another of the same name 
 in the tribe of Asher, 19: 27.Comp. 
 iMac. 10:83. 
 
 9. ]'fnn rT*z a Levitical city in 
 the tribe of Ephraim, 2 Chr. 25:13. 
 Josh. 21: 22. otherwise called the 
 upper Bethhoron^ to distinguish it 
 from the lower^ on the borders of 
 the tribes Ephraim and Benjamin, 
 Josh. 16:3,5. 18: 13. 
 
 10. Dn^ n^Z {home of bread) a 
 village in the tribe of Judah, the 
 birth-place of David, and of our 
 blessed Saviour. Mic. 5: 1. Ruth 1: 
 
 2. Comp. nrr^ci^. Also a city in the 
 tribe of ZebulVn^ Josh. 19: 15. The 
 gentile noun is "T:!!??! n^z 1 Sam. 
 16: 1, 18. 
 
 11. i<lV^ IT^Z a citadel not far 
 from Shechem, Jiidg. 9:6,20. prob- 
 ably also 2 K. 12: 20. where, how- 
 ever, some understand NiV^ on 
 mount Zion. 
 
 12. ri'iTa: rT'z Num. 32: 36. 
 Josh. 13: 27. also sithply n^723 
 Num. 32: 3. a city in the tribe of 
 Gad, in Eusebins called Brjd^va^Qi'g. 
 
 13. py rT'Z Am. 1: 5. a village 
 on the west of Damascus, with a 
 valley of the same name, which is 
 also retained at the present day. 
 
 14. 'liys rfz a city of Moab, 
 not far from Jordan, celebrated 
 for the worship of Baal-Peor. Deut. 
 3: 29. 34: 6. 
 
 15 "i^iii: n-Z {house of the rock.) 
 a strong city in the mountainous 
 country of the tribe of Judah, be- 
 tween Jerusalem and Hebron. Josh. 
 15: 58. Neh. 3: 16. 1 Chr. 2: 45. 2 
 Chr. 11:7. comp. Joseph. A. J. viii. 
 
 3. XII. 1. 14. XIII. 9. 1 Mac. 4: 29. 6: 
 7,26. 
 
 16. in^ rr^z a city or province 
 in Syria, once at war with David. 
 Judg. 18:28. 2 Sam. 10:6. 
 
 17. "jJ^Jp n'^z {house of rest) Josh, 
 
n::n 
 
 84 
 
 i::n 
 
 17:11, 
 
 16. also y.p n\ 
 
 and IP n'^ 2 Sam. 21; 
 
 iSam. 31: 
 
 10,12. and IP n'^s 2 Sam. 21: 12. a 
 city in the tribe of Manasseh, on 
 the west of Jordan, afterwards cal- 
 led ZY.v&6nohQ, and in the Talmud 
 Baisan- 
 
 18. 'kii^p/r n"^:: {house of the sun) 
 (1.) a Levttical city in the tribe of 
 Judah, near the bounds of the Phi- 
 listines. Josh. 21: 16. 1 Sam. 6: 12. 
 1 K. 4: 9. 2 K. 14: 1 1. 1 Chr. 6: 59. 
 2Chr 28: 18. The gentile noun is 
 ""jTi'^n-n^s I Sam. 6: 14, 18. (2.) 
 n place in the tribe of Naphtali. 
 Josh. 19: 3B. Judg. 1: 33. (3.) a 
 place in the tribe of Issachar or 
 Zebulun. Josh. 19: 22. (4.) i. q. 
 0)1, or Heliopolis, in Egypt* Jer. 
 43: 13. 
 
 19. bNi:^5< n"'z a village in the 
 neighbourhood of Sephoris, after- "11^^ m. verbal from ^n^^, dec. I 
 
 an ace. Gen. 23: 2. 37: 35. 50: 3. 
 Lev. 10:6. withby,Judg. 11:37,38. 
 Lam. 1: 16. also with ^N, 2 Sam. 
 1: 24. with ^ , Jer. 22: 10. Job 30: 
 25. The coiistruction with V^ has 
 also other significations ; e.g. Num. 
 11:13 ^7:i^b "^by ^Si"; they wept unto 
 7c, i. e. they implored me, and said. 
 Gen. 45: 15 he kissed all his brethren, 
 ^n."*'.^. '^)^V "'^^ ^^/^^ ^^'^'^ them^ i. e. 
 in their embraces. Gen. 45: 15. 50: 
 1. Judg. 14: 16. 
 
 Pi. to bewail ; construed with an 
 ace. Ezek. 8: 14. with ^y, Jer. 31: 
 15. 
 
 Beriv. out of course, n^iSa, ^^2, 
 n'^lDZ, perhaps N^s- 
 
 t'imi'H m. verbal from iilDZ. a weep' 
 iny. Once Ezra 10: 1. 
 
 wards fortified by Josephus, called 
 in 1 Mac. 9:2, "^^^^A. Hos.l0:14. 
 
 ri'^il Chald. emph. NrT'z, inn^z. i.q. 
 Heb. n^z. 
 
 1. house, temple, palace. Ezra 5: 
 3 if . 
 
 2. a place in which any thing is 
 contained. t\zb)3 ^'t Nn;.^ IT'Z 
 royal treasure chamber, Lzra 5: 17. 
 7:20. i^'^-l^D n^z archivts, Ezra 
 6:1. '' 
 
 "jn^B m. const. In^z, denom. from 
 rT'z, dec. II. b. palace. Est. 1 : 5. 
 7:7", 8. 
 
 I. i^lD!D m. dec. IV. a. prob. the baca 
 
 plant or tree, (Arab. \.C.i,) vvhich 
 grows in Arabia about Mecca, and 
 resembles the baUam plant. 2 Sam. 
 5:23,24. 1 Chr. 14:15. Accord- 
 ing to the Rabbins, mulberry-tree. 
 
 IL fi^ jH i. q. J-;::;^, "^DZ a wetmmr. F.s. 
 
 1. first-born, spoken of men and 
 cattle. Ex. 11:5. 12:29, etc. Plur. 
 fern. nililDZ used as a neuter, first- 
 lings, primogenita, Gea.4:4. Deut. 
 12: 17. 
 
 2. figuratively, Is. 14: 30 "^.iDZ 
 D'^Vl the first-born of the poor, i. e*. 
 the very poor, the poorest of all. 
 Job 18: 13 n^.^ nilSZ death?s first- 
 born, i. e, a most awful oeath, a 
 most terrible sickness. For the 
 feminine occurs the form ?1"^^S2 
 (from an obs. masc. 1''::z ) 
 
 n'lllDS, fern, of -in::z, dec. X. 
 
 1. earlier birth, seniority, primoge- 
 niture. Gen. 43:33. In^ilszri 'C^-^12 
 the right of primogeniture, Deut. 21: 
 17. 
 
 2. the right of primogeniture, birth- 
 Si. 27:32,36. 
 
 right. 
 
 Gen. 25:31 
 (Comp. tl?N.V) 
 u"'"]TS^^ and D'^'nS!!! plur. masc. ver- 
 bal from "^"DZ, first fruit s,s\\oken of 
 
 OA-n v.^^-, ^^ // ^ . ,...;..,, I'iuit and gniin. Lev. 2: 14. 23: 17. 
 o4: 7 NDZn T^12V valley of weeping, ^^ t. _ v ./ l ;i r ./. 
 
 ,^^- * ^y ^ ^' d^^^nszrr dn:' the bread of the 
 
 1. e. vale ot tears. Others : valley ^ / * " "^ n ^ u j r 
 
 of the plant baca, i. e. a dry valley firsifruUs, ,. e. the first bread from 
 
 Others render it as a proper name. the new corn, Lev. 23: 20 2 K. 4: 
 
 ^^ ^ ^ 42. ni"^13zn n^"^ Jestival of first- 
 
 IJ2, fut. n^n-;, apoc. rjZ\ to weep, f-uits, otherwise called the feast of 
 
 to weep for, to bewail^ construed with weeks, or pentecost. 
 
V3 
 
 S5 
 
 n^JD 
 
 rni SS? f. plur. D"^nS2. early fig^ (in 
 Arab. Bokkore^ in Span. Albacora,) 
 which ripens in June, the common 
 lis: not beins: eatable till August. 
 Hos. 9: 10. iilic. 7: 1. Is. 28: 4. In 
 thesamesense occurs nil^Szn "^^Nri 
 Jer. 24: 2. '' 
 
 T\'\'2'2 f. verbal from ln!D2. a 'weeping. 
 
 Gen. 35: 8. 
 *^D2I, in pause ""iss ? with suff. "^"^^a j 
 
 verbal from r;DZ, dec. VI. 1. 
 
 1. a wteping. ^'i'l^ "^^la nS2 to 
 weep bitterly^ 2 Sam. 13: 36. Is. 38: 
 3. Comp. Jer. 31:15 D''nn:'2n '^OZ 
 tlSn^ "^nn with bitter weeping Ha- 
 
 chel wept^ etc. 
 
 2. oozing or trickling down of 
 water in mines. Job 28: 11. So in 
 Greek and Lat. duycovov, lacryma. 
 
 nl'^SlIl adj. (from an obs. masc. 
 ^"Ds,) used us the fem. of ^"iss, 
 okiest, first-born. Gen. 19:31 ff. 
 rr^^lS f. verbal from n^a, dec. I. a 
 weepings mourning. Once Gen. 50:4. 
 *1!DI3 in Kal not used in Hebrew, but 
 in Arab, signifying, to precede, be 
 forward^ to hasten^ (kindred with 
 np.3.) Hence in Hebrew, 
 
 Pi. 1. to bear early or new fruit. 
 Ezek. 47: 12. 
 
 2. denom. of ^i^s, to constitute 
 one first-born^ to give him the rights 
 of primogeniture, Deut. 21: 16. 
 
 Pu. to be a first-born or firstling. 
 Lev. 27: 26. 
 
 Hiph. to bear for the first time, 
 Jer. 4:31. 
 
 Deriv. '-I'^lsa, InVlsa, d-^^^tisa. 
 
 "^^li* m. and n"lj2 f young camel. 
 
 (Arab. ^>*.3 and ^A^y) Is. 60 : 6. 
 
 Jer. 2 : 23. Others : swift camel, 
 dromedary. 
 
 ^S properly a subst. i. q. "^pn (from 
 inba) consumption, destruction ; 
 hence, only in poetical usage, 
 
 1. adv. not, non. Is. 26 : 10, 14. 
 Prov. 10: 30. 24: 23. 
 
 2. conj. lest, that not, ne. Is. 14:21. 
 
 ^S Chald. m. heart. Once Dan. 6: 15. 
 (In Syr. and Arab, idem.) 
 
 ^S contraction of V?2 i. q. "b^z Bel^ 
 Belus, the god of the Babylonians. 
 Only Is. 46: I. Jer. 50:2. 51: 44. 
 See the History of Bel and the 
 Dragon ; and comp. Cicero de nat. 
 deorum, in, 16. 
 
 N'V:: Chald. i. q. Heb. nVs. 
 
 Pa. to wear out., afiiict, oppress. 
 Once Dan. 7: 25. See n>2 Pi. no.3. 
 
 ] )&^<2l m. Baladan, the father of 
 king Merodach-Baladan. 2 K. 20: 
 12. Is.39:l. Probably compounded 
 of ba Baal, and yv:^ i. q. "jini* lord. 
 
 ^/^S in Kal not used in Hebrew, but 
 Signifying in Arabic, to shine, to 
 shine forth, as the dawn. Conj. II. 
 to rejoice, or have a shining counte- 
 nance ; (see ^ij<.) Conj. V. to 
 smile, be serene. So in Hebrew, 
 
 Hiph. 1. to cause to rise, in a fig- 
 urative sense, Am. 5: 9 'it; ^i-b^/ati 
 t5? ir2? he causes destruction to ri^e, 
 i. e. to come, on the mighty, Comp. 
 the very similar metaphors, Is. 42: 
 9. 47:11. 58:8. 
 
 2. ininxns. to be serene, joyfuL Ps. 
 39:14 nrbliJI '^737: y^^n look away 
 from me and I shall again rejoice. 
 Job 9:27. 10:20. 
 
 Deriv. n"':j''ri^. 
 
 ri<!ll, fut. 5r!b^\ 1. to be old, worn, 
 to wear out, spoken of garments. 
 Josh. 9:13. Neh. 9:21. hence the 
 constructio praegnans, ^}:^^_J2 Inbz to 
 wear out and fall ojf from any one, 
 Deut. 8: 4. 29: 5. Applied figura- 
 tively to the heavens and earth. Is. 
 50:9- 51:6. Ps. 102:27, 
 
 2. to be old, faded, spoken of per- 
 sons. Gen. 18: 12. 
 
 3. to be consumed. (In Arab, ap- 
 plied e. g. to the consuming of bones 
 by rottenness, or by worms.) Ps. 
 32: 3 '')3iji' Jlba my bones are consum- 
 ed. Job 13: 28 nbi"; ij^^lS J^^^T] and 
 he is consumed, as a rotten thing. 
 
 Pi. 1. to cause to grow old or waste 
 away. Lam. 3: 4. 
 
t:h'2 
 
 86 
 
 ^^n 
 
 2. to consume^ spends ^'Voy. Job 
 21: 13 D^.^^."'. ii'tSi ^Vl") f/iey s/ye/ifi 
 their days in happiness, is. 65: 22 
 t/ie?/ s/w// e/r;6?/ the work of their own 
 hands. Ps. 49:15. 
 
 3. to wear out., afflict, oppress, at- 
 iero. iChr. 17:9. Corap. Chaid. 
 
 Deriv. out of course n'^blsn, 
 
 ri,*2 , fern, in^^z, dec. IX. b. old, worn 
 out ; spoken of garments, Josh. 9: 
 4, 5. of persons, Ezek. 23: 43 ^rbz 
 
 &'^Ci<3 adulteriis effceta. 
 
 (RrS found only in Pi. JiVs i. q. '^tl2 
 to terrify. Once Ezra 4: 4 Kethib. 
 Comp. :tjp and rcT? . (In Sj-r. 
 
 >_*ai_:^0 a quadriliteral, to terrify.) 
 
 tin >^ verbal from ^i^z, dec. XI. a. 
 generally in the plural, 1. terror. 
 Job 18: 11. 24: 17. 27:20. 30: 15. 
 18: 14 ninVz ^r)3 the king of ter- 
 rors^ i. e. of hades. 
 
 2. sudden destruction. Ps. 73: 19 
 rTirtVz-]72 V2n they perish by sudden 
 destrvction. Is. 17:14. Used as a 
 concrete, Ezek. 26:21 "Jinjjf n^nV:^ 
 
 '^\}^^.1 ^ '^^^^ make thee destruction., 
 i. e. a thing to be destroyed, and 
 thou shalt be no longer. 27 :3G. 28: 
 19. 
 
 l^-^i Chald. a tax on consumable arti- 
 cles., an excise ; or rather an oppres- 
 sive tax {dom^ . nVz no. 3.) a tribute 
 generally. Conip7 the etymology 
 of r;-^j. Ezra 4: 13, 20. 7:24. 
 
 C'^N^'l'p:^ masc. plur. Jer. 33: 12, and 
 L.^'JV ^ verse 11, old garments .^ 
 
 .ps> . 
 
 rags. (In Syr, f.A-:::>C> idem.) 
 
 *1!SN'vIju)<^ m. a Ciialdean name, 
 which was given to Daniel in the 
 Babylonian court, T3an. 1:7. 2:26. 
 4:5. It differs but little, perhnps, 
 in its signification from ^!ii<r':'- 
 (see below); and probably signi- 
 fies Bel (^csi) rex princeps., from pz 
 
 Bel., Tf^MJ king., and ^ chief or Be- 
 
 lis princeps., the syllable tsha., in 
 Belteshazzar., being the suffix in the 
 Zendish language, to denote the 
 genitive case. Concerning the ter- 
 mination ^:, see article ^:r;^i:iDni2. 
 
 ^^"2 verbal from J-r'^z. 1. as a subst. 
 destruction. Is. 38: 17. Hence 
 
 2. as an adv. not. 2 Sam. I: 21. 
 Job 41: 18. [26.] Whence (l.) ^^iz 
 without ; e. g. n^"'l~"'b^Z without 
 knowing it., unawares., L)eut. 4:42. 
 19:4. also simply ''pz in the same 
 sense, Job 8:11. 24:10.31:39. 33:9. 
 Sometimes closely connected with a 
 following noun, (see Gr. 235.7. )Job 
 30:8 Duj "^'^i "rz ignominious brood. 
 (2) ^\^\ idem.' Jo^h. 5:14. Job 41: 
 
 25. (3.) "'bzTa because not., so that 
 
 ....not., i.q. I'^i^.TS. Jer. 2:15 i;;;"' i^Z?3 
 so that there is no inhabitant. 
 Zeph. 3:6. Job 4 : 20. Lam. 1 : 4 
 '^>^7^ "^i^z ''bz?^ because none come to 
 the feast. It is usually followed 
 (like '^''iS'j) by the participle, once 
 Deut. 28:55 by the finite verb, and 
 9: 28 Min"; nVb"; "^b::;^ because Je- 
 hovah could not., by the infin. The 
 negative is sometmies repeated, 
 
 1''J< "'bz'ori is it because not., 2 K. 
 
 1: 16. Ex. *14:11. The word -"^z^J 
 also signifies without., Is. 5: 13. Job 
 
 6: 6. i^p ^Tpft ^bz^ except that 
 
 not., Ecc. 3: 1 1. (4.) ""bz bi" because 
 .^..not. Gen. 31:20. (5.) "^bs '^Z 
 till not. Ps. 72: 7. * ' ~ 
 
 "P"^/^ m. verbal from bbz, dec.!, mixt 
 provender, meslin., farrago. Job 6: 5. 
 24: 6. Is. 30: 24. The two latter 
 passages are rendered perfectly 
 clear, by adopting the meaning of 
 the Latin /arrcrgo, which consisted 
 of bar'ey or oats, mixed with vetch- 
 es and beans, which were both 
 sown and reapt together. See Plin. 
 H.N. xviii. 15. 41. 
 
 n''2''73 nothing. Job26:7. Compound- 
 ed of "^z not and InT: any thing. 
 
 r^/^TS compounded of '^^z not and 
 by"* prob. use., profit] comp. b^^ 
 Hiph. to be useful. 
 
bb:i 
 
 87 
 
 yVa 
 
 1. perniciousness^ worthlessness, Deri v. b^'?2, ^5.D? b^iri. 
 
 wickedness.'^S'^^':2.'2j'^iA a wicked man, ITT 1*1,^ ' \^' ' "'/i /. j 
 ! '111. ^ r_mi I, q. i:52 ^0 wither^ fade. 
 
 Sam 25 : 25. 30: 22. Frequently 
 in the plural "^T^^l ''pz, "^iplN, 
 CuiZfiit wicked people^ Deut. 13: is. 
 Judg.'20:43. 2Sam.2:12. IK.21: 
 10. ^i'^bz n2 a wicked woman., 1 
 Sam. 1:16. n 'is? an ungodly witness., 
 Prov. 19: 18. b^-;;;';:s "nni a mcA;efZ 
 OP 6a5e action., Ps. 41:9. 101.3. 
 comp. Deut. 15:9 lest there be a 
 wicked thought in thine heart. 
 
 2. something pernicious^ destruc- 
 tion. Nah. 1: 11 !:>^ba ^i'P one who 
 plani destruction. Ps. 18:5 "^bti: 
 V^'^ba streams of destruction^ as an 
 emblem of misfortune, or gfreat 
 dang"ers. Others incorrectly : 
 streams of hades., (a sisrnification, 
 which does not belong to r5'"^ba.) E- 
 qually incorrect is the rendering, 
 king of hades. 
 
 D^2 
 
 Hence fut. Hiph. biil we fade^ Is. 
 64:5. 
 
 io bind., confine., restrain, as a 
 horse or mule with a bridle. Once 
 Ps. 32: 9. (In Syr. >Q^ri io bind, 
 
 confine, the mouth. (.^I^lD a muz- 
 zle.) 
 ^^S (denom. from Arab, and Ethiop. 
 0^2 fio^y ^^s sycamore fruit.) to 
 gather, cultivate, . or live on figs, 
 (jvy.aC(o. Once Am. 7: 14 obia 
 d^Ajpui one who scrapes or rubs syca- 
 more fruit, i. e. one who ripens or 
 cultivates it by this necessary man- 
 agement. Sept. y.vt^o}v ovxccfiiva. 
 Comp. D'^^p'ii and Bocharti Hieroz. 
 I. p. 384. ' '' 
 
 3. as a concrete i. q. 'a "d^i^. j?'^:^ (In Arab. ^X) 1. to swallow, 
 (^cncernmg the ellipsis of u:*'J< ~ -^ ^ V^ 
 
 comp. Gr. 161. 6. note.) a wicked 
 man. Job 34: 18. 2 Sam. 23 : 6. a 
 destroyer, waster, Nah. 2: 1. 
 
 I. ^^S? fut. ba"^, to moisten, wet, 
 anoint. (In Arab, idem.) Hence 
 part. 'J!'3iJ2 b^ba anointed over 
 with oil. Num. 2: 4, 5. 7: 10, 12. 
 14:21, etc. Intransitively Ps. 92:11 
 l^i-"! I'P.i^a "^riiba / am anointed 
 with fresh oil. 
 
 II. ^P2 1. to mingle, confuse, con- 
 found. (In Syr. ^i:i_i^ to mix, con- 
 
 fuse. Arab. . W^-^ idem. II. to stam- 
 mer.) Gen. 11:9 Urn-] bba Dp "^3 
 n2"yp for there Jehovah confounded 
 the language of the whole earth. Con- 
 cerning the form nbl2 for tlVa3 
 verse 7. see Or. 116. IV. 5. 
 
 2, denom. fromb^ba, to give fod- 
 der. Judg. 19: 21 Cl"'^73nb ba^T he 
 gave to the asses fodder. 
 
 Hithpo. io mix one^s self, io be 
 mixed. Hos. 7 : 8 Ephraim is mixed 
 with the nations, i.e. he is familiar 
 with them. 
 
 swallow np, devour. Gen. 41 :7, 24. 
 Ex.7: 12. Jon. 2: 1. Num. 16: 30 
 the earth opens her mouth and swal- 
 lows them up. ver. 32. 26: 10. Ps. 
 106: 17. Used proverbially, Job 7: 
 19 'p'7 "^^ba ^5 till I can swallow 
 my spittle, i. e. only a moment. The 
 Arabs use a very similar expression: 
 let me swallow my spittle, i. e. give 
 me a moment''s time. Perhaps it 
 was used in this sense elliptically, 
 without ph; hence Num. 4: 20 
 ui'ipn-nj^. i^bss nb<"]b-n^<a^-itbi 
 
 and they sliall not for a moment seg 
 the sanctuary. Sept ihuniva. Others: 
 when it is covered. Others: to their 
 destruction. 
 
 2. figuratively to destroy, (see 
 Piel,) but without giving up the 
 figure. Prov. 1: 12 let us swallow 
 them up. as the grave the living. Jer. 
 51: 34 he swallows me up, like a sea 
 monster. 
 
 Pi. 3?^ 2 to swallow up. Figura- 
 tively pji^ yba to swallow up ini- 
 quity, i. e. to commit it abundantly, 
 Prov. 19:23. comp. Job 13: 16. 
 
^b:i 
 
 88 
 
 n^n 
 
 2. to destroy^ but without giving 
 up the figure, (see Ps. 124: 3.) 
 Comp. ir^DN no. 2. Job 2: 3 thou 
 hast excited me against him^ to destroy 
 him without cause. 10: 8. 37: 20. Ps. 
 21: 10 DS'lVln^ ns^S in his anger he 
 destroys them. Is.3:12 t^'^nin^^N ']yi 
 ijiJ^S they destroy thy path. 19: 3 
 ^':?i^{ inJi?.T and I will destroy., i. e. 
 frustrate, his purpose. 25 : 7 i-'Vi") 
 ton^lTi ^}p inTiTT 'nnz ami /le z;i/2 
 destroy., i. e. remove, in t^a< moun- 
 tain the veil., etc. verse 8 nialTT 5?^ 3 
 n^:b he will destroy death forever. 
 Applied to the laying waste of a 
 country, 2 Sam. 20: 19, 20. Lam. 2: 
 ii, 5, 8. The same metaphorical 
 application is found in the Chahl. 
 tSS'bO to swallozv and to destroy ; and 
 also in xazanlvco of the N. T. 2 
 Cor. 2: 7. 5:4. 1 Pet. 5: 8. 
 
 Pu. pass, of Pi. no. 2. Is. 9: 15. 
 Job 37: 20. 2 Sam. 17: 16 ^'Vi': -JQ 
 ^c.'^b so that the king be not de- 
 stroyed. 
 
 Niph. 1. pass, of Pi. no. 2. Hos. 
 8:8. Is. 28:7 )':!rt-'J?3 ^S?^^: they 
 are disordered by zvine. (comp. 28:1 
 '!'" "^Tpbr: smitten by wine.) Others 
 find in this passage a distinct root, 
 
 namely, the Arab. ^X^ to conquer^ 
 which in Arabic is applied also to 
 wine, which overcomes a man, and, 
 as it were, smites him to the ground. 
 Comp. 'il^ no. 5. and*jn"l. 
 
 Hithpa/ Once Ps. 107: 27 
 i'Vnnn Dn^sn"-b3 all their wisdom 
 is destroyed. 
 3?p2l, with suflf. *'5?b2, verbal from 
 2?V3. 
 
 1. something swallowed. Jer. 51: 
 44. 
 
 2. destruction. Ps, 52: 6. [4.] 
 
 3. proper name of a small city on 
 the southern extremity of the Dead 
 Sea, afterwards called 12?^. With 
 the four cities which were destroy- 
 ed, it forraod the Pentapolis, or dis- 
 
 trict of five cities. Gen. 14:2,8. 19: 
 2022. 
 
 ^7?,Vb and ''1?^VS, withsuff.-^ni^bs, 
 '^"^'iybs. Compounded of bs not, 
 and 'ly, '^'IS' to. 
 
 1. properly non ad., nihil ad. Gen. 
 
 41: 18 'i5i insi'-' d'^nb^ ^i^'bz it ii 
 
 '-:- :: ATT : 
 
 not in mc, God may answer Pharaoh 
 peaceably, 14 : 24 "^ti^bs nothing 
 for me. 
 
 2. besides. Job 34 : 32 ^'^^;^2 
 JltriiNf besides that which I see. Is. 
 45:'6. 
 
 3. without. Gen. 41: 44. But 
 more frequently 
 
 ">isrirz73 (I.) besides Ps. 18:32 
 JnilrT^ ''1J?b272 b^ "^73 '^ho is God, be- 
 sides J ehovahl Num. 6: 20. Josh. 
 22: 19. (2.) without. Is. 36: 10. (In 
 Syr. occurs the singular form, 
 
 i-li^I^o, which is construed with 
 
 ^>) 
 
 t-iPr^^^ m. (prob. for 125? ^^2 absorptio 
 populi., i. q. Greek JStKoluog.) 
 proper name of a prophet hired by 
 the Moabites against Israel. Num. 
 22: 5 ff. In Greek DaUa^. 
 
 p ^2 to pour out., to make empty or 
 desolate, fin Arab, is U^X^ to open, 
 
 but ^34.X3 a waste, desert.) Is.24: 1. 
 Parall. pjps. 
 
 Pu. passjNah.2:ll. 
 p/'lH m. (a waste, emptiness) prop- 
 er name of a king of the Moabites. 
 Num. 22:2. Josh. 24; 9. Judg. 11: 
 25. Mic. 6:5. 
 
 '^S^5?^?. Dan. 5: 1, 2. and n2pi<b3 
 7: 1. proper name of the last kmg 
 of the Chaldeans. From a compar- 
 ison of Dan. V. with Herod, i. 191- 
 and Xenoph. Cyrop. vii. 5. 15 ff. it 
 appears that he was the same who 
 is called by the Greeks Nabonned 
 and Labyneius. Comp. "n^t^'i^t^bri. 
 
 Tl^3 perhaps properly a subst. sep- 
 
ni22 
 
 89 
 
 n^B 
 
 aration, from nVa i. q. Arab, v^v 
 to separate^ intrans. to be separated ; 
 whence nba, with Yod paragogic, 
 
 i. adv. not. 1 Sam. 20: 26. 
 
 2. prep. 'Without^ besides^ except. 
 Oen. 21 :26. Ex. 22: 19. Vi< ^rjbz 
 even to, except, Num. 11 : 6. With 
 suff. "^nira 1 Sam. 2: 2. 
 
 3. D5< Ti^a except, unless, after 
 a preceding negation, Gen. 47: 18 
 Merc is nothing left ^2n'*15 fifi< Tibz 
 except our body. Judg. 7: 14. Am. 3: 
 3,4. 
 
 4. conj. unless, besides that. Gen. 
 43: 3 DDm fcp.''nNl. "nba wn/e 
 2/or brother is with you. Dan. 11:18. 
 
 The following combinations also 
 occur; 
 
 1. Ti^lb (1.) before an infin. not 
 to, (the negative before an infini- 
 tive with \, is always expressed in 
 this manner.) Gen. 3:11 bbN "nblb 
 not to eat. Ruth 2:9 ^i;^: ""nirnb not 
 lo /ouc/i thee. Gen. 38: 9? Ex.' 8: 18, 
 
 25. 50 t/ta< not, lest, Gen. 4: 15. 
 
 since....not, Jer. 42 : 13. }: ^nVi^ so 
 that not, 2 K. 23 : 10. (2.)* befor'e a 
 finite verb, that not, lest. Jer 23: 14 
 !)ld Tlirib that they do not return. 
 27.'l8. but in Ezek. 13:3 JiK'^ "nVnb 
 
 T : J 
 
 without that they see, i. e. without 
 having visions. 
 
 2. "^n^::^ since not, (the mode of 
 expressing the negation before 
 the infin. with ^73.) Num.14: 16. 
 Ezek. 16: 
 thou art not satisfied. 
 
 3. *nl:2 "1^ till not, construed 
 with thepret. Num. 21 : 35. Deut. 
 3:3. Josh. 8: 22. Job 14: 12 ^y 
 D')^UJ "nbz till the heavens are no 
 more, 
 
 n w2 f. with Kamets impure, as if 
 
 from a root ^3?, (comp. Pers. *0 
 above, a roof, arch,) dec. X. ' 
 
 1. height, high place. 1 Sam. 9: 
 12,13, 14 ff. 10:5,13. 1 Chr. 16: 
 39. 21 : 29. Ezek. 36 : 2 nias 
 12 
 
 ::ri5."SiD *^nba;a since 
 
 f T : T t 
 
 tib^y the ancient high places. Ps.l8: 
 31 "3.1^ ^5^.2 "'^i^S bi he sets me 
 upon my high places, i. e. in secure 
 places. On high places, the He- 
 brews frequently sacrificed to idols, 
 and also, before the idea arose or 
 became prevalent, that unity of 
 place was necessary in religious 
 worship, to Jehovah. Such wor- 
 ship is usually stigmatized by 
 the Jewish historians as illegal. 
 Hence ni2n "Dris priests of the 
 high places, 1 K. 12: 32. 2 K, 17: 32. 
 23: 9. ni^arj 'ns, n^a houses or 
 temples of the high places, ipr oh. smalt 
 chapels, sacella, (in honour of Jeho- 
 vah or of false gods,) 1 K. 13: 32. 
 2K. 17:29,32. 23:19. Hence 
 
 2. i.q. nJ2zr: n'^z a chapel or 
 sanctuary, devoted to this illegal 
 worship. IK. 11:7. 14:23. 2 K. 
 21:3. 23:8. These chapels were 
 found, e.g. in the cities of Judah, 2 
 K. 17:9. on the mountains of Ju- 
 dah, 2 Chr. 21: 1 1. in the valley of 
 Hinnom, Jer. 7:31. This word is 
 distinguished from PztTa altar, 2 K. 
 23: 15. 2Chr. 14:2. 32: 12. From 
 Ezek. 16: 16, according to which 
 niNbU nittsweremadeof garments, 
 we may mfer that these chapels 
 were tents, or moveable temples, 
 like the tabernacle of testimony, 
 (comp. 2 K. 23: 7. and Am. 5: 26.) 
 
 Plur. ni73S (with singular rnean^ 
 ing,) (1.) high place. Jer 26: 18. 
 Mic.3: 12- 
 
 2. grave, monument, mausoleum. Is. 
 53: 9. With suff. vniaa (the Ka- 
 mets in this case being pure and mu- 
 table.) 
 
 Plur. const, (with double plural 
 termination, comp. ''ri'iu:i<^?3 ISam. 
 26: 12.) 'ni?32, or according to the 
 Keri "^naa (read bdmbthe,) Ugh pla- 
 ces. According to the reading ''nTas, 
 the i is shortened as in 'lisiTt 
 D'l^s^. Thus in the phrase rj^-j 
 V*i.iJ "^n^a b^ to march upon the 
 heights of the earth, or of the land, 
 
p 
 
 90 
 
 a poetical description of a trium- 
 phant conqueror, or of the advanc- 
 ing Deity, Deut. 33: 29. Mic. 1: 
 3. Am. 4:13. also with SD^i, Deut. 
 32:13. Is. 58:14. In the same con- 
 nexion occurs D^-'^nias the high 
 waves of the sea, Job 9: 8. i:^ "^O.^?.^ 
 the heights of the clouds, Is. 14: 14. 
 1^)^ i. q. 3; see i?3. 
 
 Jil (for M33) m. prim, (compare, 
 however, the verb in-a to build, in 
 Arab. conj. I. 11. Vlll. to beget, 
 bear, have childre7i ; and see, con- 
 cerning this trope, under art. rT^z 
 no. 8.) irreg. const, "ja, more rarely 
 ja (Prov. 30 : \, and before the 
 proper name "j^a,) once "2a (like 
 ''n&^) Gen. 49 : 11, and "iDZ Num. 
 24:3, 15. with suff. -32, ira, '^3s ; 
 Plur. d^:a, "'Da (as if from "ja, 
 ma.) 
 
 1. son, in the plural sons or chil- 
 dren. Gen. 4:25. 43:29.3:16. Deut. 
 4 : 10. This word is used in He- 
 brew in a very extended sense, 
 and employed in many phrases, 
 unknown to our western lan- 
 guages, but parallel for the most 
 part vvith thoj^e found under the 
 articles SN, titj, etc. namely ; 
 
 2. grandson, descendant. Gen. 29: 
 5. 32: 1. The more exact expres- 
 sion, however, for grandchildren is 
 D'^aa "^jia children'^s children. Hence 
 (1.) ^wNf-^'I^"; '3a the children of Is- 
 rael, Israelites ; 'ii:?^^ ^'pa Ammon- 
 ites ; "^i^ "^pa Levites ; instead of 
 which occur also the patronymics, 
 a'^^NnUJ^, D^^.lb, etc. Nearly allied 
 to these phrases is (2.) the joining 
 of 'ja with the names of nations 
 and countries, to denote the mem- 
 bers and inhabitants of the same. 
 Ji^it "33 inhabitants of Zion, Ps. 
 149:2. the sons of the Greeks for 
 the Greeks, Joel 4: 6. [3:6.] the sons 
 of the Ethiopians for the Ethiopians, 
 Am. 9: 7. corap. vhg 'ylxaloiv in 
 Homer. To this is also allied (3.) 
 
 P 
 
 the periphrastic expression, such 
 as sons of strangers for strangers, 
 Ps. 1 8 : 45. sons of the poor for the 
 poor, Ps. 72: 4. sons of nobles., Fxc. 
 10:17.comp. dvGrrjvoji/ nuldeg, Iliad, 
 q), 151. See also CiJ^-]:: under the 
 art. Dnw\. 
 
 T T 
 
 3. pupil, disciple, follower, wor- 
 shipper of any one, (comp. iJi no.5.) 
 Thus n''i<"'a3 "jason^ of the proph- 
 ets, i. e. discTples' of the prophets, 
 (as in Persian,Ji/w moo^orum,)lK.20: 
 35. 2 K, 2: 3, 5, 7, 15, etc. (comp. 
 Am. 7: 14. Is. 19: 11. and in Greek, 
 TTaldfg f-iovuciiMv, (fiiXoaocfOJv, for 
 fuovoty.ot, q^vloQoqjQL.) D'*rV^. "^33 
 
 worshippers of God ; see art. d'TlpN 
 no. 3. The didactic poet addresses 
 the reader thus, my son\ Prov. 2: 1. 
 3:1, 21. 4: 10, 20. 5: 1. 6: 1. 7:1. 
 Comp. na Ps. 45: 11. So in Prov. 
 10: 5 :;''1, b"'Sip73 la. a wise son, a 
 foolish son, (so called in reference to 
 the poet,) for a wise person, a fool- 
 ish person generally. 
 
 4. a client, favourite. Thus the 
 Israelitish nation is called JehovaVs 
 son, Ps. 80: 16. Hos. 11:1. Ex.4: 
 22. Perhaps the phrase son of God, 
 when applied to kings, is to be un- 
 derstood in this way. See t3-r7"bi< 
 no. 3. (1.) ' " 
 
 5. In combination with substan- 
 tives which express age, quality, 
 or something similar, it denotes one 
 who has this age or this quality. 
 Gen. 5:32 a son of bOO years, i. e. 
 500 years old. Lev. 12: 6 a son of 
 years, i. e. aged. Jon. 4: 10 "jsu; 
 
 "^5^ ^\1z. P,1 ^;ri i^^^c which as 
 a son of a night, i. e. during a night, 
 arose, and during a night perished. 
 
 (In Syr. {.I^dqa ^i:i eodeni die.) "j^ 
 ''^1^2 a man of courage, Deut. 3: 18, 
 b^"*ira la a wicked man, a worthless 
 fellow, (see V^-^ira.) sons of surety, 
 i. e. hostages, 2 K. 14: 14. Is. 5 : 1 
 llp/OJ la ]'^.j:?. a hill, son offatness,\. e. 
 a fruitful hill. (Comp. u;''N, V?a.) 
 
 6. used figuratively in other 
 phrases ; e. g. son of death, i. e. one 
 
*3S 
 
 91 
 
 nan 
 
 ileserving of death, 1 Sam. 20:31. gentile 
 So son of stripes^ Deut. 25: 2. sons 1:1^1. 
 
 noun is ''s/?^'^!:^-')?., see 
 
 of ^AeoMiver, i.e. arrows, Lam. 3: 13. ^L-*ta."* ^^ 
 
 sons of the bow, i.e. arrows, ^^2"^. ^^#<^^^' ^^-- 
 
 Job 41 : 19. son of the dawn, i. e. HSS, fut. TlZ^L^, p'^l. 1. to build, erect^ 
 
 morning star. Is. 14: \2, sons of ' ^ * * ""' 
 
 the bear (a constellation in the 
 heavens,) i. e. the three stars in 
 his tail. Job 38: 32. 
 
 7. applied to animals of every 
 kind, young. Ji^^"' "^z a young dove, 
 Ex. 12: 6. I3^2> "^SS 2/oMng ravens, 
 Ps. 147: 2. ^p^2 "jz a calf, (see 
 ips.) Applied also to eggs, (comp. 
 in Syr. jZ^ili daughter, and c^^g,) 
 Job 39: 16 s/ic cruelly entreats her 
 young ones as if they were not hers, 
 speaking of the ostrich's treat- 
 ment of her eggs. 
 
 8. applied to plants, a sprout, 
 shoot, sucker, as if son of the tree. 
 (Comp. pp V and np.ai"'; and in Lat. 
 pultus and pulhdare.) Then, be- 
 cause it denotes an inanimate sub- 
 stance, joined with a feminine adj. 
 (as a substitute for the neuter,) 
 Gen. 49: 22 rrnb "jli prob. a fruit- 
 ful sprout or branch, (But see Lehr- 
 geb. p.474.) According to some, al- 
 so Ps. 80: 16. 
 
 13 Chald. idem. Found only in the 
 plural I'^DZ, *^D2 (12 being used in 
 the sing.) Nn^pa ''32 the exiles, 
 Dan. 2: 25. ^'^in \z bullocks, Ez- 
 ra 6 : 9. (So in Syr. f ^, Plur- 
 ^lo.) 
 
 "l^in^^il m. common name of sev- 
 eral kings of Syria of Damascus. 
 IK. 15: 18. 20:1. 2 K. 6: 24. 8:7. 
 13: 3. Jer. 49: 27. Am. 1: 4. Comp. 
 
 Tin and ^T^mn. 
 
 yU'^yil m. {son of prosperity ; see 
 
 Gen. 35: 18. and comp. 'j'' 72^ no. 4.) 
 
 Benjamin, the youngest son of Ja- 
 cob ; also the tribe which was nam- 
 ed from him, the boundaries of 
 which are given Josh 18: 11 ff. The 
 
 make, construed with an ace. Gen. 
 8:20. 10: 11. 12:7,8. rarely in an 
 improper sense, as Gen. 2 : 22 'jn'sl 
 
 n-mh 5?^^.^-ni< D^'n-VN Ti'iti'^^ and 
 
 the Lord God made the rib into a 
 woman, i. e. made a woman out of 
 it. The material, out of which any 
 thing is made, stands regularly in 
 the accusative, 1K.18:32 -ni$ "J^^.l 
 nsf^ l^''35^{!^ and he built the stones 
 into an altar, i. e. built an altar out 
 of the stones. 1 K. 15: 22. Ex. 20: 
 25. Deut. 27: 6. Is. 9 : 9. Ezek. 27: 
 5. comp. Niph. 1 K. 6: 7. (Concern- 
 ing this construction, see Gr. 222. 
 3.)Rarely with 3 prefixed to the ma- 
 terial of which any thing is made, 
 as 1 K. 15 : 22 at the close. The 
 following constructions are worthy 
 of notice, 1 K. 16:24 ^irjil-DS^ "jS^.l 
 he built the mountain, i.e. built upon 
 
 ir. 6: 15 n^srt ni'T^p-riN "js^,! 
 D'^T'iNt nnyVsza nn^a^ he built, i. e. 
 
 overlaid, the Te?a//s of the temple in- 
 wardly with cedar boards. Constru- 
 ed with 3, to work on any thing,<o la- 
 bour on a building, Zech. 6:15. Neh. 
 4:4, 11. 
 
 2. to rebuild, build up what has 
 been destroyed. Am. 9: 14 :i:2 
 Di72^!J D*'15'* they shall rebuild the 
 desolate cities. Ps. 122: 3. 147:2. 
 Josh. 6: 26. m'mn n:2 to culti' 
 
 T t: t t 
 
 vate desert places anew \ see Jila^H. 
 
 3. used figuratively of persons 
 and nations, to build them up, to give 
 them a permanent habitation, to 
 make them prosperous. Jer. 24: 6 
 
 tiinN / will build them up and not 
 pull them down, I will plant them and 
 not pluck them up. 31: 4. 33: 7. 42: 
 10. Ps. 28: 5. Comp- the other verbs 
 of the quoted passages. So Ex. 1: 22 
 he {God) built for them houses. (In 
 
1^2 
 
 92 
 
 ny:i 
 
 Arab, also metaphorically, to confer 
 favours or blessings on any one.) 
 
 4. b n"*5 n32 to raise np^ or give 
 posterity to any one. See n"'3 no. 8. 
 comp. Niph.no. 3. 
 
 Niph. I, to be built^ rebuilt. Deat. 
 13; 17. Job 12: 14. 
 
 2. figuratively to be built up^ to 
 be made prosperous^ to prosper again. 
 Jer. 12: 16 ^i^v ^inz [^3^3 then 
 shall they prosper among my people. 
 Mai. 3: 15. Job 22:23. 
 
 3. pa.s9. of Kal no. 4. Gen, 16: 2 
 ^TS/i!^ i^n^"^ "^k^N perhaps I shall ac- 
 quire posterity through her. 30: 3. 
 (Arab. U> conj. I. II and VIII. to 
 beget., bear, have children.) 
 
 Deriv. n^rz, "j^rz, n^ln, J7:a;3 ; 
 
 and, according to some, "jz and nz. 
 rijS, N:21 Chald. to build. Ezra 4: 12. 
 
 5:2. Part. pass. rt3Z, 5:11. Infin. 
 
 iisn:^ and t^^3n^, 5: 9. 
 
 Ithpe. puss, construed with an 
 
 ace. of the material. Ezra 5: 8 
 
 ^b5 f^.i^ i<:2nX3 i^tin"] ant/ i< i* 
 
 buiUled out of hewn stones. 
 M^3^ f. E^ek. 41: 13. and 
 
 yy2^ m. Ezek. 40: 5. verbals from 
 ii;z, a building, structure. Accord- 
 ing to Ezek. 41': 12, 15. a special 
 building within the circuit of the 
 teaiple, appears to be intended. In 
 Chald. Ezra 5 : 4. (Syr, j- Vyvr^ 
 
 Arab. U^a.^ idem.) 
 0D2 Chald. to be angry, Dan. 2: 12. 
 In the Targums more frequent. 
 
 Ct::2, see ^^3 Hithpa. 
 
 noil m. dec. VI. g. Job 15: 33. and 
 
 -iDz Is. 18:5. Jen 31: 2^. unripe 
 
 .P 7 .P i\ 
 
 grape. (Syr. |Z|.aiO idem, ^jjasi 
 ymeo'or.) 
 *1^3 and "l??! withsuff. '^'iyzon5?z, 
 
 DD*iyz; prep. 
 '*"* J o ^ 
 
 1. behind, i\ft<^r, (Arab. OsXb af- 
 
 ter.) Gen. 7: 16. Judg. 3: 22. 9: 51. 
 
 Am. 9: 10 :i3""l5?z D'^^pnT UJ-^^n-i^V 
 nS'lln <Ae cyi/ *fta// not overtake us. 
 
 r T X ' 
 
 nor come up with us. 2 Sam. 20: 21 
 In^inn 1^"Z over the wall^ perhaps 
 for "iV^JDfrom behind the wall. 
 
 2. for. I Sum. 1:9. 2 Sam. 10:12. 
 Jer. 21: 2. TJ>5 tl^H I q. V, D rT^rt 
 to be for, i.e. to become, Is. 32: 14. 
 Job 2: 4 ^12? n^z 'nis^ ^fcin /or 
 5fcm. (Ethiop. ni'-Zfo exchange, bar- 
 ter.) Hence frequently, ^j.'z '^sp, 
 ^^.snlTT to pray for any one, io ma/^c 
 atonement for -Auy person or thinsr. 
 
 3. through. Joel 2 : 8, 9 ^yz 
 t]''3^!?n?l through the lattices. Geni 
 26: 8. Josh. 2: 15. Judg. 5: 28. 
 Joined with "j^, n^z^ (the only 
 case in which the form l^z is used 
 before nouns,) //cow through or be- 
 tween,C'dnt. 4: 1,3. 6:7. 
 
 4. about,round about. Ps. 139:11 
 then is the night light about me. Job 
 3: 23. Lam. 3: 7 ^nyz nna /ie Aoj 
 hedged round about me. In this sig- 
 nification it follows many verbs of 
 closing, (i. e. closing about,)and may 
 be omitted in translating; e.g. af- 
 ter 'i^D 1 Sam. 1:6. after *|23> Gen. 
 20: 18. after Dnn to seal, Job 9: 7. 
 Comp. n^'z 'J^Jl to protect, defend, Ps. 
 3:4, Zech. 12: 8. 
 
 5. by. 1 Sam. 4: 18 Tl^'ipn T^ *i5ra 
 by the side of the gate. 
 
 ^' '^?^ '0 search, inquire, (as in Arab, 
 and Aram.) Is, 21: 12. 
 
 Niph. pass. Obad. 6 how are 
 his secret places searched ! 
 Deriv. "^yz. 
 
 11. Xl^yi^to swell; applied to water, 
 to boil, to boil up, (Comp. Arab. 
 (jS^ to swell; Chald ^Z5^Z to bub- 
 ble, to boil ; and the Heb. ni2?zySfi< 
 blains, blisters.) Is. 64 : 1 J-j^in irii 
 '2;N the fire makes the water to boil, 
 Niph. Is. 30: 13 ^ a breach ready 
 to fall, ^T^inz ri^ns svselling out in 
 the wall. 
 
b^n 
 
 93 
 
 b^n 
 
 n^S and i^5?S Chald. 1. to seek. 
 
 T J T J 
 
 Dan. 2: 13. 6: 5. 
 
 2. <o request^ pray ; construed 
 with 1^ and nnj? 1^. Dan. 2: 16, 
 18, 23. Hence 
 *1Z^2 f. Chald, request^ prayer. Dan. 6: 
 
 8; 14. 
 
 11^3 m. proper name of the father 
 of Balaam. Num. 22:5. 24:3. Josh. 
 24: 9. Mic. 6: 5. In the N. T. 2 Pet. 
 2: 15, this name is written BoaoQ^ 
 perhaps by a commutation of the 
 sounds of y and V. See the letter v. 
 
 T^2 proper name. 1. a kinsman of 
 Ruth, to whom she was afterwards 
 married. Ruth 2: 1. 
 
 2. a pillar in front of Solomon's 
 temple, so called, after the archi- 
 tect, or the benefactor at whose ex- 
 pense it was built. 1 K. 7:21. 2 Chr. 
 3: 17. 
 
 ^^2 m. verbal from Mi'a no. I. re- 
 
 J T T 
 
 quest, prayer. Once Job 30: 24 fcrb 
 "'^a prayer avails nothing. Others 
 regard it as a compound of a, and 
 '^ hill, grave. * 
 
 I <3 m. verbal from '^ya, (see 'nya 
 no. 1.1.) dec. 1. cattle. (In Syr. and 
 Arab, idem.) Gen: 45 : 17. Ex. 22: 
 6. Num. 20: 4, 8, 11. 
 
 D?S to kick behind. Deut. 32: 15. 
 hence figuratively to spurn at., de- 
 spise, be unmindful of benefits, con- 
 strued with a, 1 Sam. 2: 29 where- 
 fore despise ye my offering, and my 
 6blation, which I have appointed ? 
 Vulg. (^uare cake rejecistis ? {"^y^* 
 
 t.^^^ calcavii,recalcitravit.) 
 
 /'?2, fut. b^'2'] . 1. to possess, com- 
 mand, rule over. Is. 26 : 13 ^I^i^ra 
 ^n^nt t]"'3inN (other) lords besides 
 thee have ruled over us. Construed 
 withl:, 1 Chr. 4:22. 
 
 2. to take for a wife, to marry, 
 (the husband being considered the 
 lord of the wife.) Deut. 21: 13. 24: 
 1. Is. 62: 5. Part. ^b;ia. (as a 
 
 pluralis excellentise,) thy husband, 
 Is. 54 : 5. Part. pass. n^5l5?3 and 
 V?2"ri^3?3 a married woman, Gen. 
 
 20 : 3. Deut. 22: 22. (In Syr. 
 and Arab, idem.) 
 
 3. construed with a, to despise, 
 
 loathe. (In Arab. O ^V*^ idem. 
 comp. Pococke ad Port. Mosis.p. 2.) 
 Jer. 3: 14 return, rebellious children; 
 though I have loathed you, yet will I 
 etc. 31:32. 
 
 Niph. to be taken again for a 
 wife. Prov. 30: 23. Figuratively, 
 Is. 62. 4, 
 
 by^ verbal from V5?a,with sufr.rbi>2 
 JT'^rya (as a pluralis excellentise 
 with singular meaning, see Gr. 
 167.2.) Ex.21: 29, 34,36. Is. 1: 
 13. bnt 'jri."^^?;? Est. 1: 17, 20 (with 
 plural meaning.) 
 
 1 . lord, owner. ^T*a>r, D^alH b^S 
 the owner of the house, of the ox. Ex. 
 21:28. Judg. 19: 22. Also in the 
 following phrases, Prov. 3: 27 with- 
 hold not a favour I'^bs^lb from its 
 
 ^ XT : ' 
 
 /ord,i.e.from the poor man,to whom 
 it is due. 17: 8. 16: 22 D''^n '^^pn 
 vb2>a bp.u? tt well-spring of happi- 
 ness is wisdom to its possessor. 1:19. 
 Ecc. 8 : 8 wickedness delivers not 
 )"'ry3""nfi< him who practises it. 
 comp. 7: 12. 
 
 2. husband, (as the lord of the 
 wife.) 2 Sam. 1 1 : 2. Ex. 21 : 2^ 
 JTJJi^rt ^^3 the woman'^s husband j 
 but in verse 3 l^'fi^^ b??3 a married 
 man. Joel 1:8 D''"j5iy3 b^n the hus-- 
 band of one''s youth. 
 
 3. Joined with many substantives 
 of different significations, it denotes 
 one who possesses or is otherwise 
 connected with the thing denoted 
 by the noun, (comp. '^"^^ no. 2. -ja 
 no. 5.) e. g. n^'i:i'l bya one who has 
 a lawsuit, Ex.24 : 14. D''3^p ^573, 
 jq3 3 horned, winged, Prov. 1: 17. 
 Dan. 8: 6, 20. So master of points or 
 teeth, i. e. having teeth, Is. 41: 15. 
 master of dreams^ i. e. a dream^erj. 
 
!^n 
 
 94 
 
 b^::^ 
 
 of this word before geographical 
 names, denoting the place where 
 any thing is found^ i. q. n"'!!. The 
 principal proper names of this kind 
 are, 
 
 1. *15 V^za city in the valley 
 of Lebanon, on the border of Pal- 
 estine. Josh. 11: 17. 12:7. 13: 5. 
 
 2. 'i'lJjn pys Cant. 8:11. other- 
 wise unknown. One of these two 
 cities may, perhaps, be the cele- 
 brated Balbec or Heliopolis ofSyria^ 
 the rains of which are still admir- 
 ed by travellers. 
 
 3. li^^nrj b^^ a part of mount 
 Anlilibaniis. Judg. 3:3. 1 Chr. 5: 
 23. 
 
 4. ]im V^z Ezek. 25: 9. Josh. 
 
 Gen. 37: 19. masters of arrows^ i. e. 
 archers, Gen. 49: 23. masters of an 
 oath, a covenant^ i. e. confederate. 
 Gen. 14: 13. Neh. 6:18. etc. Joined 
 with the name of a city, it denotes, 
 an inhabitant, a citizen, Josh. 24: 1 1. 
 Judg. 9: 2 ff. 1 Sam. 23: 11, 12. 
 Here "^]:y2 is synonymous with "^'p^^ii, 
 
 ^32, (comp. 2 Sam. 21: 12. with 2: ' 
 4, 5.) and it is so regarded by all 
 the ancient versions, (fibers incor- 
 rectly ; rulers, proceres, relying 
 perhaps on Judg. 9:51 n""2;2NrT-b3 
 '^"'^^ ^^.?? '^1 ^"^'-psni, which 
 ought to be rendered : all the men 
 and women, all the inhabitants of the 
 city, 1 being explanatory or exeget- 
 ical, as in Josh. 6: 23. 
 
 4. name of the tutelary god of 
 the Phenicians andSyrians, to whose 
 worship the Hebrews also were 
 frequently inclined; constantly with 
 the article, ^^zrj, bi^zb, "b^zz, as 
 Judg. 6: 25 ff. 1 K. 18":'"l8 ffr 2 K. 
 10: 18 ff. He appears under the 
 same name on Phenician monu- 
 ments and medals,and in many Punic 
 prop, names, as Hannibal i-e.^^'^'^iH 
 grace of Baal ; Hasdrubal ; Adher- 
 bal, etc.) Upon some of those in- 
 scriptions, which have a Greek 
 translation accompanying them, 
 this name is rendered J^gaaXr^g ] . 
 and this is the usual name, which 7^^^ Chald. idem. Ezra 4 
 the Greeks, led by the similarity ^yj^, 
 of character between Baal and Her- >! " ' 
 cules, have civen to the national HPU^IIi fern, of b>z. dec. X. 
 
 I 
 
 13: 17. also "jir?: rT'Z Jer. 48: 23. a 
 place in the tribe of Reuben, after- 
 wards taken possession of b}' the 
 Moabites, acconling to Eusebius 
 near B;raru in Arabi;i. 
 
 5. t]'^:*(S b?2 {place of discom- 
 fiture) a place where David smote 
 'the Philistines. 2 Sam. 5: 20. 
 
 6. iTDit b^z a city in Egypt, Ex. 
 14: 2. Num. 33:7. usually called 
 Heroopolis, from the worship of 
 Typhon. 
 
 7. 'iTjn b^s {place ofpalms)3udg. 
 20: 33.'' 
 
 8. See 
 
 God of the Tyrians. Herod, ii. 44. 
 Anian. Exped. Alex.xi. IG. On 1 
 K. 19: 18, comp. Cic. in Verrem, 
 IV. 43. Plur. D'^byzr? the Baals or Ba- 
 alim, (like m"in'py the Astartes,) 
 either meaning statues of Baal, or 
 
 1. female owner or possessor. 1 Kr 
 17:17. D'^C'f^, n*N D'bjz sorceress, 
 See-these words. 
 
 2. a city in the tribe of Judah, 
 otherwise called Kirjath Jearim, 
 Josh. 15:9. 1 Chr. 13:6. 
 
 else referrmg to the different epi- HIPZ^S a city in the southern part of 
 thets, under which he was wor- ,''., <> t i i r . 
 shipped; as ( 1. ) n^nz b^z BaaU/ the tribe ol Judah. Josh. 15: 24. 
 
 the covenant, Judg. 8: 33. 9: 4, 46. 
 
 comp. Zfvg ogyiiog. (2.) i^nt V?? ^"^^^.^ m. proper name of a king of 
 the fly Baal ; comp. Zsvg 'ccno^wiog. the Ammonites. Jer.40:14.--16MSS. 
 See nrint. (3.) "liJE b?z see -i-fys. ^nd Josephus (A. J. ix. 3.) read 
 Connected with no. 3. is the use D'^bi'^z. 
 
13?n 95 
 
 n"P)?3 f. I, a city in mt. Lebanon, 1 
 K:9:18. 2 Chr. 8:6. 
 
 2. i. q. ^iV^a no. 2. Josh. 19: 44. 
 
 ^ x-i - 
 
 1?^, fut. ^i'n\ 1. prob. io feed, 
 graze, consume by grazing. Not used 
 in Kal in this sense, but see Pi.no. 1. 
 Hiph. no. 1. Hence "T^ys cattle, so 
 called from their grazing'. 
 
 2. to burn tip, consiune. (Comp. 
 ^5J< spoken of fire.) Ps G3: 15 Xii^'3 
 '^tl '^i^r} ^^ the Jire consumes the 
 
 forest. More frequently construed 
 with 2. Job 1: 16 the fire of God is 
 fallen 'from heaven, "jiXSIZ "nyim 
 
 fi'^'l^'i^'l flw^ 'i^* consumed the 
 sheep ' and the young men. Num. 
 11:3. Ps. 106: 18. Is. 42:25. Al- 
 so intrans. to burn up, to be consumed 
 by fire, Ex. 3:3. Is. 1: 31. Judg. 15: 
 14. and inchoat.io take fire, to kindle, 
 to burn ; spoken of fire, Jer. 20: 9. 
 Is. 62: 1. of the burning^ material, 
 Ex. 3: 2. Deut, 4: 1 1. or figuralive- 
 ly of ano^er, Ps. 2: 12 ^^^-^ "3 
 *iEi< 'oyn'2) for his anger shall b'c sud- 
 denly kindled. Ps. 79: 6. 89: 46. 
 Est. 1: 12. Ps. 18:9 n^j^a D^^m 
 ^IW2^ coals took fire from him, i. e. 
 glowing coals proceeded from him. 
 
 3. to be dumb, brutish, denom. 
 irom 'T'iJs cattle. Jer. 10:8. Part. 
 1in2,Ps.'94;8. Ezek. 21:36. [31.] 
 
 Niph. -ly^: to be dumb, brutish, 
 (see Kal no. 3.) Jer. 10: 14,21. 51: 
 
 17. Is. 19: 11. (Syr. ^t^:il\ferus 
 factus est, ferociit, stulte fecit.) 
 Pi. ^i>2, infin. ^ya, fut. ^^J'yy. 
 
 1. io let cattle feed. Ex. 22"r4*. 
 Construed with an accusative, to 
 
 feed upon. Is. 3: 14. 5: 5. 
 
 2. to kindle, set on fire, burn, Ex. 
 35: .3. Lev. 6:5. [12.] Is. 44: 15 
 ^y^y? D'^^lb Jl^n^ and it shall serve 
 
 for a man to burn. Is. 40: 1 6 Leba- 
 non loould not suffice 'l^p.'b to burn 
 for him a sacrifice. Neh. 10 : 35. 
 2 Chr. 4:20. 13: 11. 
 
 3. to remove, put away, lake, axvay. 
 Deut. 26: 13, 14. 2 Sam. 4:11. IK. 
 22 : 46 and the other sodomites ^^2 
 V"l^vJ 1^ h^ removed out of the land'. 
 Here belongs the expression in 
 
 ?i;p:s 
 
 in Deuteronomy, respecting the in- 
 fliction of capital punishment, 
 ^2'np;X3 57^n r!"}^'2 thou shalt re- 
 move the evil from the midst of thee, 
 Deut. 13:6. 17:7. 19: 19. 21:21. 
 22: 21, 24. 24:7. also with b^t^ilJ^a, 
 17: 12. 22: 22. (In the earlier laws 
 the correspondent expression is 
 dy^. ;:;!?.5 iin^^:, or some similar 
 phrase. But that y^?i is here to 
 be taken abstractly,' ' is evident 
 from 22 : 21, 24. where it other- 
 wise would be in the feminine or in 
 the plural.) Also construed with 
 
 ^^m, 1 K. 14: 10 n-'i "^ni< ''ni?2 
 
 b^'an"^ I will remove arvay the house 
 of Jeroboam, as a man removes 
 dung. 21:21. 
 
 Pu. to burn. Jer. 36: 22. 
 
 Hiph. \. to feed upon. Ex. 22: 4. 
 
 2. to kindle, set on fire, Ex. 22; 5. 
 io burn any thing, Nah. 2:14. 2 Chr. 
 28:3. 
 
 3. io remove, put away ; constru- 
 ed with ""^nJJ. 1 K. 16:3. 
 
 Deriv. out of course niy^n. 
 
 '^rl verbal adj. from ^^2, burning. 
 Is" 4:4. 
 
 1^13 m. denom. from 'n''::2, brutish, 
 stupid, like cattle. (See ^y2no. 3.) 
 P8.49:ll. 73:22. 92:7. 
 
 ni5?S tem. of '-ii?2, a lire, burnin<r. 
 Ex. 22: 5. 
 
 P*^ - proper name of a king of Is- 
 rael, son of Ahijah. 1 K. 15: 16. 2 
 Chr. 16: 1. Sept. Baaaa. Vulg. 
 Baasa. (Root uJyn in Chald. i. q. 
 *dN2 to be wicked.) 
 
 n?3 in Kal not used. (In Syr. to fear y^ 
 to be afraid.) 
 
 Pi.'n^-2, fut. nS'S\ 1. io friirht- 
 en, terrify. Ps. 18: 5. Job 9: 34. 13 : 
 11. 15: 24. 
 
 2. to come upon suddenly. 1 Sam. 
 16: 14 Ji^^ nn ^nm:iT an evil 
 spirit came upon him suddenly, ver, 
 
 15. (Arab. i^**3 to happen sudden- 
 
 ly; conj. Ill.?o come upon suddenly.) 
 
 Niph. to fear, be afraid. Pan. 8: 
 
17. construed with ''372, "'ps'^/D, 1 
 Chr. 21:30. Est. 7: 6* ' * 
 
 iin^3 f. verbal from n^a. (error, 
 Jer."8:15. M: 19. 
 
 O^^r]^^ masc. plur. verbal from n^'z, 
 dec! I. idem. Job 6: 4. Ps. 83: 17. 
 
 Y'3 m. Jer. 38 : 22. and t]'^^ f. Job 
 8: 1 1. 40: 21 . marsh, mire. (In Chald. 
 idem.) Plur. with suff. T"'nNJ2 
 Ezek. 47: 1 1, an incorrect orthogra- 
 phy for i^ni*^^. (Root y'isn i.q.Arab. 
 
 0<S3 to be moist, to moisten] O^^ 
 moisture, scanty water.) 
 
 n'^lSS m. verbal from ^iTa, dec. III. 
 
 a. 1. subst. vintage. Lev. 26: 5. 
 Judg. 8: 2. See 11^2 no. 1. 
 
 2. adj. i. q. ^'!\'^z fortified, stro7}g. 
 Zech. 11:2 Keri. 
 7!S;Il m. onion, Plur. d'^bi::^, Num.1 Ir 
 5. In Syr. and Arab. idem. Root 
 
 b^iii.q.Arab. JwNi:3 <o pec/ off; 
 comp. Heb. ^^d. 
 
 I. 5?J^S (Arab. JAi3 ^o cm< off, to cut 
 in pieces,) to break off, to break 
 doTson^ Am. 9: 1 dVs UJi^'^a tJ^^iil 
 and break them down on the head of 
 all, i. e. so that the pieces fall on 
 the head of all. The form n>':i2 
 is put for 0^222. Joel 2. 8 they rush 
 through drawn swords, ^i-iti"^ fi^b and 
 break not their course. 
 
 Pi. 1. to cutoff. Is. 38: 12. 
 
 2. to finish, make an end. h. 10:12. 
 Zech. 4:9. Job6:9ma2/ he loose his hand 
 *'Sy:li*1 and make an end of me. 27: 
 8 when {God) maketh an end (of 
 him,) i. e. taketh away his life. 
 Lam.2:17 ID^m 5?22 he has finish- 
 ed, i.e. fulfilled, his word. 
 
 II. :?iS^ (Arab. gAa3) to heap up, 
 collect ; particularly ill-gotten 
 wealth. Part. 2>^2 2?2i2 one who 
 seeks unrighteous gain, Prov. 1: 19. 
 15:27. Jer. 6:1 3. 8:10. Infin. Ezek. 
 22: 27. 
 
 nsi 
 
 Pi. to take advantage of anyone 
 construed with an accus. Ezek. 22: 
 12. 
 
 5^J^^ m. with suff. 'i^^'n, verbal from 
 5':i2, dec.VI. 
 
 1. gain. Gen. 37:26 :>:^-in^ what 
 is the gain ? Ps.30:lO. Job' 22: 3. Es- 
 pecially zmrig-^feous^'ain, 1 Sam. 8:3. 
 Ex.18: 21 yiin "^ijlUJ hating un- 
 righteous gain, enemies of extortion. 
 Prov. 28: 16. Jer. 51: 13. Hence 
 
 2. ill-gotten wealth. Ezek. 22: 13 
 n'^'ijy ^^&i ^5>}2 thy ill-gotten 
 wealth which thou hast procured, Mic. 
 4: 13. See :?22 5?:2, under art. 5>i2 
 no. II. 
 
 3. covetousness. Is. 57: 17. 
 
 p^.^ to swell. Only Deut. 8: 4. Neh. 
 9:21. (In Samar. p^ij^ idem.) 
 
 p!S3 m. verbal from p22, dec. V. a. 
 dough, (so called from its sxvelling.) 
 Ex. 12:34,39. 2 Sam. 13:8. 
 
 nj^lllll (yieus elatior, according to 
 
 5 . / O y 
 
 the Arab, S^XkD.^) a place in the 
 plain ofthe tribe of Judah. Josh. 15: 
 39. 2 K.22: 1. In Josephus (J. A. 
 X. 5.) B6o}id: 
 
 '^S'2, fut. "ibtS";. 1. to cut off, to gath- 
 er. (Comp. in Syr. h^^ Pa. to shor- 
 ten, to lessen.) Used almost exclu- 
 sively of the gathering of grapes in 
 vintage. Lev. 25 : 5, 11. Construed 
 with an accusative ofthe vineyard, 
 Deut. 24: 21. Judg. 9: 27. Part. 
 '^^iz a vintager, Jer. 6:9. and this 
 as an image of a formidable enemy, 
 Jer. 49 : 9. Obad. 5. (comp. Rev. 
 14: 18, 19.) Metaphorically, Ps. 76: 
 13 D'^-;'^^2 n^n ni^:?'^. he cuts off the 
 spirit of princes, 
 
 2. to make inaccessible, and 
 hence to fortify. Part. ^:)2:2 (l.) 
 inaccessible,high. ri'l^DiZ !n)2nn an 
 inaccessible wall, Deut. 28: 52. Is. 2: 
 15.Metaphorically nin^it^^ ni!:iia 
 magna et ardua {intellectu,) Jer. 33: 
 3. (2.) applied to cities, fortified. 
 Deut. 1:28. 3:5. 2 Sam. 20:6. 
 
:?pl 
 
 97 
 
 :ppn 
 
 Niph. to be cut off^ forbidden^ re- 
 strained, construed with 173. Gen. 
 11:6. Job 42:2 ^^7373 'n^CS'] Jtb") 
 UlSl'D no undertaking is forbidden^ 
 or too difficult for thee. 
 
 Pi. to fortify cities. Is. 22:10. 
 Jer. 51: 53. See ^:i'212, 
 
 I. nSIi Job 22: 24. and Plur. C^^Ca 
 verse 25. a precious metal or some- 
 thing costly, which can be de- 
 termined with certainty, neither 
 from etymology, nor from the an- 
 cient versions, nor from Jewish tra- 
 dition. According to David Kim- 
 chi : gold ; according to Aben Ezra 
 and others: silver. The parallel 
 clause ver. 24, has gold of Ophir ; 
 verse 25, treasures of silver. 
 
 IL 1!2!D proper name of a Levitical 
 city arid city of refuge, in the tribe 
 of Reuben. Deut. 4: 43. Josh. 20: 
 8. 21: 36. Vulg. Bosor. 
 
 123 i. q. -,:r^ no. I. Job 36: 19. 
 nn23 f. 1. a fold^pen. Mic. 2: 12. 
 (from 'n^z no. 2. comp. 1^)^272 from 
 
 tib3.) In Chald. iXn-jtiliz septum^ 
 conclave. 
 
 2. a city in Idumea, Gen. 36: 33. 
 Is. 34:6. 63:1. Jer. 49:13, 22. Am. 
 1: 12. another in Moab, Jer. 48: 24. 
 'Jl"l22l m. verbal from 'iliz, a forti- 
 fied place, a strong hold. Zech. 9:12. 
 
 nnSSS f. Jer. 17: 8. and Plur. ni^223 
 1*4 : 1. the holding back of rain, 
 drought, (comp. *^:y.) In Chald. 
 more frequent. Root ^:2 to cut 
 off., check, restrain. 
 
 p^lDpH m. dec. \. flask, bottle, flagon. 
 1 K. 14:3. Jer. 19:1, 10. Formed 
 from the sound, which a bottle 
 mnke when emptied (Comp. Arab. 
 V-X.AX3 soHum edidit amphora inter 
 evacuandum ; Syr. t^AQ^yj_p /a- 
 guncula ; and Greek ^oii^vhov.) 
 
 I?*'^^ m. verbal from 5?|:2, dec. I. a 
 cleft, breach., fissure. Am. 6: 11. es- 
 pecially a breach in a wall, Is. 22:9. 
 
 yj^S, fut. 2?j:n\ (In Syr. "isiSi.) 
 13 
 
 1. to divide, cleave ; e.g. the sea, 
 Ex. 14:16. Neh. 9: 11. to cleave 
 out, Ps. 74: 15. 
 
 2. to cleave and enter, to break in. 
 2 Sam. 23: 16 then the three mighty 
 men broke into the camp. Hence to 
 make an irruption into, ov to take a 
 hostile city. 2 Chr. 32: 1. 21: 17. 
 
 3. to break open, or hatch eggs. 
 
 Is. 34: 15 irtn:i"n n^psi t:Vm she 
 
 t:t: tI:x .. . 
 
 {the serpent) lays her eggs, and hatch- 
 es them, and broods {over her young.) 
 
 4. to rip up a woman with child. 
 Am. 1: 13. 
 
 5. to tear in pieces, spoken of 
 wild animals. Hos. 13:8. 
 
 Niph. 1. to divide itself, to open, 
 spoken of the earth. Num. 16: 31. 
 Zech. 14: 4. Hence to be rent with 
 noise, to shake, spoken of the earth, 
 1 K. 1 : 40. also to burst, spoken of 
 skin-bottles, Job 32: 19. 
 
 2. to be broken up, to be taken, 
 spoken of a city. 2 K. 25 : 4. Jer. 
 52:7. Ezek.30:17. 
 
 3. to break out, (see Pi. no. 2.) 
 spoken of water. Is. 35: 6. Prov. 3: 
 20. of light, Is. 58:8. 
 
 4. to be hatched, to come out of the 
 egg. Is. 59: 5. 
 
 5. to be rent. Job 26: 8. 
 
 6. to be dashed in pieces. 2 Chr. 
 25: 12. 
 
 Pi. yj;a 1. i. q. Kal no. 1. to 
 cleave, split ; e. g. wood, Gen. 22:3. 
 the rocks, Ps. 78: 15. 
 
 2. to cause to break out. Job 28: 
 12. Hab. 3:9. 
 
 3. i. q. Kal no. 3. to hatch eggs. 
 Is. 59: 5. 
 
 4. i. q. Kal no. 4. 2 K. 8: 12. 15: 
 16. 
 
 5. i. q. Kal no. 5. 2 K. 2: 24. 
 Pu. 1. to be rent. Josh. 9: 4. 
 
 2. pass, of Kal no. 2. Ezek. 26: 
 10. 
 
 3. pass, of Kal and Pi. no. 4. 
 Hos. 14: 1. [13: 16.] 
 
 Hiph. i. q. Kal no. 2. 2 K. 3: 26. 
 Is. 7:6. 
 
 Hoph. pass. Jer. 39: 2. 
 
 Hithpa. to divide itself, to be cleft. 
 Mic. 1:4. Is. 9: 13. 
 
 ^jl^. ni. verbal from ^'J^2, a half, es- 
 
npn 
 
 98 
 
 peciallj' a half shekel. Gen. 24 : 22. 
 Ex. 38 : 26. 
 
 in>'pS f. verbal from i>p2, dec. III. b. 
 
 valley^ low plain. (Syr. (Ai;ins>j 
 
 Arab. ^-!"^^, ^iX.^^ a plain.) Gen. 
 
 11:2. Ezek. 37:1, 2. ^irn^ri n^J^n 
 valley of Lebanon., i. e. fy^e r//e^ of 
 Bukka between Libanus and Anlili- 
 banus, Josh. 11: 17. 12:7. 
 
 n^p.lS f. Chald. valley.^ as in Heb. 
 ban. 3: 1. 
 
 j^j'^S properly to pour out^ to empty 
 out. (Arab. vXaX3, see p^aj^z.) 
 Hence 
 
 1. to make empty., to depopulate 
 a country. Is. 24:1. JNrah.2:3. Jer. 
 
 oxen.^ neat cattle^ a herd of oxen, 
 without distinction of age or sex. 
 Gen. 12: 16. l3:5. 18:7. 20:14. 
 21: 27. The nomen unitatis is litlJ ; 
 hence Ex. 21 : 37 [22 : I] if a man 
 shall steal an ox (I'll^) then he shall 
 restore ^p'2 JT^^n fve oxen. (In 
 
 Arab. ^ r^^ an ox, r^^ oxen. In 
 
 Heb. comp. f^t? and "^i^l-) 'ij^z 
 nirs? milch kinc, cows, Gen. 33 : 13. 
 
 I'.T I 
 
 z a son of the herch a calf 
 Gen. 18:7,8. '-ij^Z Iz ^D a young 
 bullock, Num. 29 : 2, 8. or ^Z bv.? 
 ^|:z a young calf Lev. 9: 2. Jer. 
 31.12 '^uZT "Ji^bl "^p.z young oxen and 
 sheep. More rarely the plur. Q'^npz, 
 Am. 6: 12. Neh. 10: 37. 2 Chr. 4':3. 
 
 19:7 STinri: n::y n^ "^nipz / Ip*::, plur. Q-'-jpz, m. dec. VI 
 
 I; 
 
 1. the dawn, the morning. Gen. 1: 
 5 F. '^p.ZZ "^pZZ every morning, 
 Ex. 30:7.' 34: 2. -^pjn^ idem^ Am. 4: 
 4. lChr.l6:40. D"-ipzb irfem, Ps.73. 
 14. 10:8. Is. 33:2.' "'" 
 
 2. i.q. ^n?J tomorrow, the morrow. 
 crrts. Ex. 16: 7. Num. 16: 5. hence 
 *^p.zb on the morrow, i. e. soon, sud- 
 denly, Ps. 49: 15. 90: 14. 143:8. 
 The ground of this signincation is 
 this, that when we think of the 
 morrow, the morning presents it- 
 self to the mind, (comp. avQvov ;) 
 but when we think of yesterday, 
 the evening, (see "d;?:N.) 
 
 strued with z, to behold with pleas- ^-v-^ r / i rr ' - v i 
 
 ure, to rejoice in the sight of Ps. 27: '^ iii"^ ^' (^'.^^ ^'^""^^s impure) dec. 
 
 4 iblD'^riZ ^pnb to rejoice in his ^- f^^ looking after, or taking care 
 
 sanctuary' ~' o/ flocks. Ezek. 34:12. Properly 
 
 2. to 'look after, to search for any Aram, infin. Pael. 
 
 thing; construed with^, Gen. 13: nipB f chastisement, punishment. 
 
 36. with i;z., Lev. 27: 33. l^^\ ig. go. Root ^pn in Chald. to 
 
 3. to think on, to reflect, meditate, punish, i. q. Heb. ^pc. 
 Prov. 20:25. 2 K. 16: 15. 'l^ ' ^ '-' 
 
 LJj^3 found only in Pi. 'Cpz. 
 
 1. to seek, qncero. Gen. 37: 15, 16. 
 
 empty the counsel of Judah, i. e. I 
 deprive him of counsel or wisdom. 
 2. intrans. to pour itself out, to 
 spread out zvide. Hos. 10: 1 ppz ]s:5 
 a wide-spread or luxuriant vine. 
 
 (Arab. V-.X3 to have many children.) 
 Niph. pi;, infm. pizri, fut. piz*;, 
 pass, of Kafno. 1. Is. 24: 3. 19:3 
 ^Tt!^^ nn-i Mps; the spirit of the 
 Egyptians shall fail, (rrpi: for Inpz:; 
 see Gr. 117. IV. 5.) ' '' 
 
 Poel i.q. Kalno. 1. Jer. 51:2. 
 
 ")ji2 found only in Pi. 'npz. 
 
 I. to see., behold, look ; when con- 
 
 4. to look after, to take care of any 
 ihiug, prospicere alicui rei, i.q. np2. 
 Ezek. 34: 11,12. 
 
 IpS Chald. found only in Pa. ^pz to 
 seek, search. Ezra 4 : 15, 19. 5:17. 
 and Ithpa. "^pzrifi* ic?em. Ezra 5:17. 
 
 "li''^ com. gen. dec. IV. a. collect. 
 
 1 Sam. 10: 14. When construed 
 with i^ , to seek after, inquire into, 
 Job Id: G. Construed with an inlin. 
 with and without ^ , Ex. 2:15. 4:24. 
 I Sam. 19:2. Jer.26:21. The fol- 
 lowing phrases are worthy of no- 
 
n:2 
 
 99 
 
 13 
 
 tice, (I.) b, ri:^^ U;p.3 to seek the 
 harm of any' one/ JNum. 35:23. 1 
 Sam. 24: 10. 25: 26. The contrary 
 phrase is ^ naiC2 ^j>s io see/: ^/je 
 welfare of iny one, Neh. 2: 10. (2.) 
 il^lrt'^ "iiJi?3 <o 5ee^ Jehovah^ i.e. to 
 turn one's self to him, to supplicate 
 him. Dent. 4 : 29. 2 Chr. 20: 4. 
 tlin"* "^^IJpl^ those who seek Jehovah^ 
 Ps. 40: 17. '69:7. 105:3. (3.) to 
 seek the face of the king^ for to desire 
 to see hiin^ 1 K. 10: 24. or to. solicit 
 hu favour^ Prov. 29 : 26. Hence 
 (4.) to seek the face of Jehovah, for 
 to worship him in his temple, Ps. 24: 
 6. 27: 8. 105: 4. to inquire of him^ 
 2 Sam. 21 : 1. or to supplicate him 
 generally, 2 Sam. 12: 16. 
 
 2. to strive after any thing, peto. 
 jVum. 16: 10. 's u;?.3 u;j:a to seek 
 the life of any one, Ex. 4:19. 1 Sam. 
 19: 16. also in a good sense, to be 
 zealous for another^ s life, Prov. 29: 10. 
 
 3. to require, demand. Neh. 5:18. 
 Construed with "j^ , Neh. 5: 12. Ps. 
 104: 21. or with n^^ , Gen. 31: 39. 
 43: 8. Is. 1:12 Wy^i^D riNT t'^Z ''73 
 "who hath required this from you ? 
 Especially 'e n^^ DT uijvS to require 
 a man''s blood from the hand of any 
 one, i. e. to take revenge from him 
 for bloodshed, 2 Sam. 4: 11. Ezek. 
 3:18,20. also in the same sense 
 without a*! , 1 Sam. 20: 16. Comp. 
 Josh. 22: 2S ^jpn": ^^1r^ ilin": then 
 let Jehovah himself revenge it. ' 
 
 4. to beg, entreat, pray^ construed 
 with p. Ezra 8:21. Dan. 1:8. 
 Est. 7:7*'tt iuis: b? ':;;>nb ^^y l^nn 
 
 and Haman stood up to entreat Es- 
 ther for his life. So Ezra 8: 23. and 
 Est. 4: 8, (with :bV^.) 
 
 "rj3p!? f. (with Kamets impure) ver- 
 bal from 'lJiJ2? tlec. I. request, peti- 
 tion, prayer. Est. 5: 1, 8. 7: 3. 
 
 ! "n^ m. with suff. >'n2, son, as in 
 Chald. but in Hebrew used only 
 poetically. Prov. 31:2. Ps.2:12 
 kiss the so7i,io vf\t, Jehovah"^ s son, i.e. 
 the king mentioned in verse 6. Oth- 
 ers derive '^z in this passage from 
 
 ^^3 no. 2. as if it signified, the ap- 
 pointed, the chosen one ; but even Ihe 
 more ancient poetical language of 
 the Hebrews frequently approxi- 
 mates to the Chaldaic. 
 
 11. nSj fern. iTnS verbal adj. from 
 
 'nna, dec. VIII. k. (Arab. ^3.) 
 
 1. pure, clear, unspotted. Cant. 6: 
 8, 9. especially in a moral sense, 
 Job 11: 4. snb "IS pure of hearty 
 Ps. 24:4. 73: iV 
 
 2. empty. Prov. 14: 4. 
 
 11*' iSr and "IS m. corn, grain. Gen. 
 41:35, 49. 42:^3, 26. rarely spoken 
 of standing corn, Ps. 65: 14. (Arab. 
 
 r^ wheat.) 
 
 "13 m. Chald. with suff. n'ns, plur. 
 'j"':2, (see "jz,) verbal from N'12 no. 
 !. (see Niph.) son, Dan. 6 : 1. 
 J^Jllrfi^ 'ns son of the gods, an angel, 
 Dan. 3: 25. 
 
 2. grandson. Ezra 5: 1. 
 
 *13 m. field. Job 39: 4. Seethe fol- 
 lowing article. 
 
 13 Chald. emph. N^2. Dan. 2: 38. 4: 
 18,20,22,29. [4: '21, 23,25,32.] 
 
 field., open country. (In ArAb. <-^, 
 &J-^, Syr. ]t^idem,pToper]ywhat 
 
 is without; comp. i/-> without, 
 abroad, and the Heb. niit^n.) 
 
 13 m. verbal from 'n'^2 , dec. I. 
 
 1. purity ; joined with D'^n^ and 
 fi'^ElT, purity of hands, as indicative 
 of innocence, Ps. 18: 21, 25. Job 
 22: 30. 
 
 2. a cleansing or purifying sub- 
 stance, i. q. n'^'liz alkali, lie ; per- 
 haps also borax, which was formerly 
 used in the fusing of metallic ores. 
 (The two things are denoted by 
 one word in Arabic ) Is. 1: 25 "nas 
 as with alkali, or rather borax. Job 
 9:30 'C3 ^125 ^nilrtl^^l and I wash- 
 ed my hands with lie. 
 
313 
 
 109 
 
 na 
 
 (See Piel ; and comp. Arab. \ f^ 
 
 I. &^*ll2 1. strictly to hew, to hew out. iHUl 1. as in Arana. to scatter, sprin- 
 
 ^" kie. See n'^s. 
 
 2. to haiC Is. 32: 19. In Arab. 
 idem. 
 ^ViA \^ /.^ to cut, to cut out., to plane.) ^^^ , , ^ ^ ., t^ 
 
 ^J ' . ^^^ ni- verbal from ^^2, /tai/. Ex.9: 
 
 2. <o form, make, produce. (Arab. i o fp " * 
 
 Y^. The order of the significations ^H^^ proper name of a place in the 
 is, as in the Arab. L-XXa., (1.) tobe /desert of Shur. Gen. 16: 14. 
 smooth. {'2..) to make smooth, to plane. 'l"^iS, plnr. C^Tnz , verbal adj. from 
 {p.) to form, make.) Gen. 1:1,21, 'I'^z ., spotted,' speckled, party-colour- 
 27.2:3,4. Is. 43:1, 7. Am. 4: 13. ct/". 'Gen. 31: 10, 12. Zech! 6: 3, 6. 
 (Syn. ntJ^, 'n^r) P<. 51: 12. Is. 45: 
 7. Jer. 31:22 ri':D^P D"'riVN N^2 
 
 (In Syr. Ij^ottiew; especially 
 
 Gofi will create something new. Is 
 
 spotted with red.) 
 
 65: 18 !n^\^ D"'':rU;^'T^ DiN "\3 ""SiH * ^"}'^ ^o caf. 2 Sam. 12: 17. 13:6, 
 
 10. In Chald. ii^2 idem. It is kin- 
 
 dred with Arab. (^J^5 <o 6e/af, full 
 
 of marrow ; f /^ to fatten, become fat; 
 and Chald. fi<n to feed, fatten; 
 whence i<'nD and N"^s/a<. 
 
 Pi. idem. Lam. 4: 10. 
 
 Hiph. to cause to eat, to give to 
 eat ; construed with a double accus. 
 2 Sam. 3:35. 13: 5. 
 
 Deriv, il^^a, n^^Z. 
 
 behold, I will make Jerusalem a re- 
 joicing. 
 
 Niph. t. pass, of Kal no. 2. Gen. 
 2: 4. 5: 2. 
 
 2. it) 6e 6orn. Ezek. 21 : 36 [30] 
 n.N"^n:-'-lU;N* "dipTsa in the place 
 where thou wast born. Ps. 102:19 
 rr; bVil? i<")^3 D5^ /e< /je peop/c, 
 who are born, praise Jehovah. (In 
 Chald. iil'2genuit; hence '^z son.) 
 
 Pi. N'na 1. to hew, cut down; 
 e.g. a wood, JoJh. 17: 15, 18. 
 
 2. to cut down (wih the sword,) ^^' "^"}? i' ^^ ^^.^. '^ ^^^*"- j^^""* 
 ^0 kilLEzek. 23: 47. ^^^ 3 ^^^ ^^^^^^^ (, ^^^b. f .3 for 
 
 3, tojorm, engrave, mark out. ^ ^ ^ ' ^ 
 (Parall. ^^ D^^^J.) Ezek.21:24. [19.] . Jw^iWif, se^arax^t/, i. q. -i^lS.) 
 
 Deriv. rtwX^nz. ^* 
 
 II. Nna <lenom.'fromN^^z,<omafc. '^^7^'/''?!^''\5^'"P;%T"!' Lfl' 
 
 ^ -^ ' ularly of the triend oi Jeremiari, to 
 
 fai^, to fatten. 1 Sam. 2: 29. ^j^^^ he dictated his prophecies, 
 
 n^.".5 'T)lN''"*i2l Berodach Baladan, and from whom the apocryphal 
 
 \'- ' r r> u 1* njr ncx i r. bookofBaruch derives its name, 
 
 kmg of Babylon. 2 K. 20 : 12. m- j^^ ^^^ ^^ ^g. ^ 
 
 stead of which Merodach Baladan .' "' 
 
 occurs Is. 39: l.See art. "jtin^. 1C*^^11^ masc. plur. Ezek. 27: 24. 
 
 damask, cloth interwoven with various 
 colours^ i q. Greek nokvpira. (In 
 
 la'^n^lBm. found only 1 K. 5: 3. [4: 
 
 23.] According to the Sept. (in 
 some MSS.) Syr. Chald. Vulg. birds, 
 folds. (In Samar. '^'nl^ii is the 
 name of a particular bird, by which 
 the Heb. ?11^j^ is rendered Lev.ll: 
 
 17. Comp. Syr. I^O^O avis diversico. 
 
 lor, according to others, cygnus.) 
 Others : game, venison, from "ns 
 field. 
 
 Arab. */.3 conj. II. IV. to turn the 
 
 spindle, to twist threads ; hence 
 5 ^ 
 M^ r^ a twisted, two-coloured thread, 
 
 and f*/"^'^ cloth made out of such 
 threads.) 
 
n-i3 101 '''-a 
 
 1. ojir or pme free. 1 K. 5: 22. - . .^ - . ; -;. 
 
 [8.] 6: 15,34. 9: 11. So the Vulg. H^ll^ see H'^'IS. 
 
 uniformly. (In Arab. CH^jjrr^, Syr. ^"IS adj. i. q. N^'^a /a^ Whence 
 1? ^ ., \ /^xu ^' T^ the 'feminine JT^is (which ought 
 
 \Zoi ::i idem,) Others : cypress, rer- . , T ' vt^ . 
 
 .... J J ,, . J , perhaps to be pomted JT'-lsOEzek. 
 
 haps it mcluded several kmdredspe- t. . ^^ o t^/too i ' ' . .. ^ 
 
 cies of trees, which the ancients did ^''^ ^O. Several MSS. have nN^-^a, 
 not minutely distinguish. See Celsii H. "^"IS m. clear weather, serene sky, 
 Hierobot. i. p. 74 ss. job 37: 11 . Root In^n = -^-<I2 <o 6 
 
 Na^h t7^ '*^'"' '''"" ''' '^''"** ^"^''* ^^"^P- Chald7n^^^^s . 
 %.' a musical instrument made of '^"^^- ^^^ers consider 2 as a 
 this wood. 2 Sam. 6: 5. preposition. See art. '^^. 
 
 T)''\'^2 m. with Syriac orthogra- ^"^"l^ m. <lec. III. a./af,/aec^,/>?Mmp; 
 phy, i. q. fi^Z fir., found only in spoken of animals, Gen. 41:2ff. of 
 plup. Cant. 1: l'7. men, Judg. 3: 17. Ps. 73: 4. Dan. 1: 
 
 b-j-i,-.^ T- 1 ^ ^^ 1 hnS-^'!^ lb. of food., Hab 1: 16. Root i"ia 
 njl1-l^. Ezek. 47: 16. and 'TU'lS _ ^^J^ J j^ ^^^^^ 
 
 2 Sam. 8:8. B6rv/M5, a maritime city ^...^^'I , , . 
 
 in Phenicia, with a harbour, eel- "^^y i*^ ^' ^^rbal from i^'iz, some- 
 
 ebrated in the middle ages, now thing effected by God, especially 
 
 called Barut or Bairut. something wonderful or extraordina- 
 
 <r\^>~^^ r 1- 1 r . . 'y- Num. 16: 30. 
 
 ilM JJ f. verbal from JTiano. I. meat^ ^ 
 
 food. Ps. 69: 22. ' ' ", 1-? ^' ^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^T - ' ^^'' 
 
 Urn^ -.u /r -L 1 /oW. 2 Sam. 13:6,7, 10. 
 
 /'J i-y m.prim. with suff. iVt^s ,dec. '^ ' 
 
 *' * 'p't" n^ )2 m. verbal adj. fromin^a. (Put 
 
 VIII. g. (Aram, bt^s, ]],.^.) -f^/n,^. . ^ence with Kamets im- 
 
 1. iron. Num. 35: 16. pure, see Is. 43: 14. but also with 
 
 2. an iron tool. 2 K. 6: 5. Ecc.lO: Kamets pure, see Is. 15: 5.) 
 
 10' ^' flying., fugitive, runaway. Is. 
 
 3. iron fetters. Ps. 106: 18. 107: 15:5. 43:14. 
 
 ^0. 2. as an epithet of the serpent, 
 
 rriS I. to flee. Gen. 31:22, 27. Con- Is. 27: 1. also of the serpent as a 
 
 sVuedwith-2C^,Gen.3S:7. 1K.2: constellation, Job 26: 13. Flying 
 
 7. with -SDV^VJon. 1: 3. and with ^'J'^'f ^^^/'^"^ ^f "'^ f ^f"'^ ^^^ 
 /' * /. 1 ^ latter passage, at least it would 
 
 J^, 8. 48: 20. tojlee before any one. ^e very bold ; perhaps better : ex- 
 In the imperative it is usually jom- ^,^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^ ^^^ o 2^ 
 
 ed with a dative of the pronoun, as i-,^^^ - t 
 
 'qi? n^iiflee thou, Gen.27: 43. Num. 4 j^ m. verbal from jn^z no. 2. 
 24:11"** Am. 7: 12. (comp. French dec! I. tar; and particularly (1.) 
 s'enfuir.)When construed with^'^n.N, cross-bar for the fastenmg of gates. 
 to flee after any one, 1 Sam. 22:'2b: ^^^^' ^J 5. Neh. 3: 3 used poeti- 
 
 2. to pass through to stretch across. fl^y.l^^^ ^"^ ^^ ^^^ T' l^' l^"" 
 Ex. 36: 33 Ae mac/e fAe mic/die 6ar f^' (-.) cro.s-p.c. for the binding 
 D-^^pn ^^t,- nhnb io ;>a5. together of the boards m the taber- 
 i ' i' 1 ' / ~ z'- ', , , nacle of the congregation. Lx. 26: 
 through, the midst oj the boards. 26 ff 36* 31 ff 
 Hence TT^^a a bar. i-fk^l 
 
 Hiph. n-^narr l. <o pM< ^0 ^i^A/, ^'V i^. proper name of a son of E* 
 to chase away.' i Chr. S: IX phrai'm, according to the etymolo- 
 
n::i 
 
 gy 1 Chr. 7: 23. i. q. in^^is tn mis- 
 fortune. 
 
 n*^"!!!! f. dec. I. 1. covenant^ league^ 
 compact. (Root nin i.q. Arab. cJy^ 
 prcBcidit, prcesecuit^ from the custom 
 of cutting in pieces the victims sac- 
 riticed on stich occasions, and of 
 passing through them; see nn3.) 
 The verbs employed to denote a 
 making or entering into a covenant ^ 
 are rrns, tJ"'pn., 2 "^5^, 2 i<n2; those ) 
 to denote its violation are ^5n, 
 ^Vn. The genitive often denotes 
 the person with whom the cove- 
 nant is made, Lev. 26: 45 n'^ns 
 ^''SiUJi^"! the covenant with their an- 
 cestors, heut. 4: 31 '^^niii^ n^^z 
 the covenant with thy fathers; hence 
 with a double genilive, Lev. 26: 42 
 ^P?.- "'n'^'^T tny covenant with Jacob. 
 
 2. Often the terms of the cov- 
 enant on one side only are intend- 
 ed ; hence, in speaking of the cov- 
 enant of God with the Israelites, it 
 is sometimes equivalent to law, as 
 n'^'^^sr: ]i'nN the law chest or ark of 
 the covenant^ J osh.3:6. rT'^srj riimb 
 tables of the law., Deut. 9: 9. 'iSD 
 n'^'nztl book of the /aw, a statute 
 book* out of which Moses read to 
 the people, Ex. 24:7. and the insti- 
 tution of the passover is cited, 2 K. 
 23:2L-d*''-\n'^rTnntjy n'^nsn ''nin- 
 
 the words of the covenant., the ten 
 words, i.e. the ten commandments, 
 Ex. 34: 28. 
 
 3. u?ed as a concrete, i. q. 'ii'^J^ 
 0*^12 one who makes a covenant. Is. 
 42 :b Di' n^^S one who establishes 
 a covenant with the nations. Is. 49:8. 
 
 ri'^'IS f. Jer. 2:22. Mal.3:2. alkali.lie, 
 lixivium., especially the vegetable 
 alkah, (the mineral was called 'in:,) 
 vrhich was procured frorfi the ashes 
 of several alkaline plants, (e. g. sal- 
 Spla kali, soda fruticosa, anabasis, 
 Linn.) The ancients made use of this 
 alkali, or of a solution of it, in con- 
 nexion with oil, for cleansing and 
 washing clothes, Jer. 2: 22. hence 
 
 J 02 ^nn 
 
 is- Mai. 3: 2 Q'^Da!:^ rT'^a the alkali of 
 the fullers. As to its form, it is proba- 
 bly a denora. from ^3 purification^ 
 cleansing ; hence with the adjective 
 termination, '^^jn, n''*l!3 what serves 
 for clea7ising or purifying. Comp.Bo- 
 charti Hieroz. ii. p. 45. Celsii Hie- 
 rob. I. 449. J. Th. Hartmann's He- 
 braerin. Th. L p. 163 ff. See art. 
 
 "IS, fut. ^'li^ . l.to bend the knee., to 
 kneel. 2Chr.'*6: 13 VD^a b? ^1^!l 
 he kneeled upon his knees. Ps. 95: 6, 
 (In Syr. and Arab, idem.) Probably 
 a denom. from ^na a knee. 
 
 2. to bless, as" in Piel. In Kal 
 found only in the intin. absol. Josh. 
 24:10.and part.pass.-^ri^a, Gen.9::<^6. 
 hence J-sin"^ '^n*iaGen.24:31. 26:29. 
 and nir;"'b ^=1*^2 Judg. 17: 2. bless- 
 ed of Jehovah. 
 
 Niph. pass, of Pi. to be blessed, 
 prospered. Only Gen. 12:3. 18: 18. 
 28: 14. 
 
 Pi. ^'^a 1. to bless, pronounce a 
 blessing." (Whether this significa- 
 tion is connected with that of A:nee/- 
 ing is doubtful. According to some, 
 strictly to cause one to kneel down, 
 as the posture for receiving a 
 bles<jing. According to others ; 
 to kneel down one'^s self, as the pos- 
 ture of salutation, or religious wor- 
 ship. But most probably the two 
 senses are independent of each oth- 
 er.) Applied e.g. to aged parents' 
 blessing their children. Gen. 27: 4, 
 7, 10, 19 ff. 48:9. to a priest's 
 benediction on the people, Lev. 9: 
 22,23. Num. 6:23. 2 Chr. 30: 27. 
 to a prophet. Num. 23:1 1. Deut. 33: 
 1. toGod,Gen. 1:22,28. 9: 1. In the 
 latter case, (by a metonymy of the 
 cause for the effect,) it signifies to 
 make happy ^ to prosper, Gen. 12: 3. 
 24:1,35. When construed with a 
 double accus, to bless any one with 
 any thing, Deut. 12: 7. 15: 14. 
 
 2. to greet, to salute any one, 
 which was connected with a bles- 
 sing, 2 K. 4 : 29. and this either at 
 first meeting, Gen. 47:7. 2 Sam. 6: 
 20. or on taking leave, Gen. 47:10. 
 
3-13 
 
 103 
 
 pnD 
 
 3. to bless God^ i. e. to praise, 
 laud, or thank him; (very frequent 
 in the Psalms.) Ps. 16:7. 26:12. 
 34: 2. 63:5. 66:8. Deut. 8: 10. al- 
 so n^lT) fcm ^"12, Deut. 10: 8. 21: 
 5. I Chr. 23: 13. to call on or invoke 
 God, spoken of the priests, in imi- 
 tation of the phrase Hin^ W^^ ^nj?. 
 Is. 66: 3 "TIN !7'li^ one who "wor- 
 ships an idol. 
 
 4. Closely connected with no. 2. 
 where it is spoken of one's taking 
 leave, is perhaps the signification, to 
 leave, to renounce any one. Hence 
 Jlin"; nN *]'n2 to renounce God, Job 
 1:5. 2: 5. also associated with the 
 idea of calumny and blasphemy, 1 
 K. 21 : 10 ^V^n n'^n^ti nana thou 
 hast reviled God and the king. Ps. 
 10: 3. (But perhaps this word was 
 originally taken in a neutral signifi- 
 cation, being applied equally in a 
 good and bad sense, to wishing good, 
 and wishing evil; like the Lat. sa- 
 cer. Comp. under the art. 153.) 
 
 Pu. rrna pass, of Pi. Ps. 37: 22. 
 113:2. 
 
 Hiph. caus. of Kal, to make to 
 kneel, or couch, as camels to rest. 
 Gen. 24: 11. Comp. ^nSJ^. 
 
 Hithpa. i.q. Niph. Gen.'22:18.26: 
 4. Ps. 72: 17. reflex, to bless one''s 
 self, Deut. 29: 18. 
 
 ^ Chald. to kneel. Dan. 6: 10, with 
 the addition "'iniDla b? upon his 
 knees. 
 
 Pa. to bless, praise, Dan. 2:19, 
 20. 3: 28. 
 
 so a blessing from God, Gen. 49: 25 
 
 C'^TgUJ niDna blessings of the heavens. 
 
 2. an object of blessing, one blessed. 
 
 Ps. 21:7 TJb n'i^'13 !inn"'u3n thou 
 
 T T : ; 
 
 makest him blessings forever, i. e. 
 thou blessest him forever. Zech.8: 
 13. Gen. 12:2. 
 
 3. a gift, present, primaril}'^ one 
 which is given on occasion of salut- 
 ing, welcoming, or bidding farewell 
 to another, (see ^12 no. 2.) Gen. 
 33: 11. 1 Sam. 25:" 27. and then 
 used also in a more general sense, 
 1 Sam. 30: 26. 2 K. 5: 15. Josh. 15: 
 19. Jl^^2 ':JD2 the beneficent or lib- 
 eral soul, Trov. 1 1 : 25. (In Syr. 
 |.::5aC) idem. See Michaelis' edi- 
 tion of CastelPs Lex. Syr. and also 
 Michaelis' Supplem.) 
 
 4. probably peace. (The ideas, 
 blessing, prosperity, peace, are close- 
 ly related to each other.) 2 K. 18: 
 31 H^^^ ^TjH 1t)i^ make peace with 
 mc. Is. ^36: 16. 
 
 n^n^ f (with Tseri impure) dec.X. 
 
 pond, pool, 2 Sam. 2: 13. Ecc. 2: 6. 
 
 5 ./ c 
 Cant. 7 : 4. Arab. ' 
 
 ^/^ idem, 
 
 properly a reservoir of water at 
 which the camels kneel to drink. See 
 
 f. dec. VI. h. knee. Is. 45: 23. 
 Dual D'^^'na knees, uaed also of more 
 than two, e. g. fi')3'i2"b3 all knees, 
 Ezek. 7 : 17. 21 :^12. [7.] Often, 
 like the Greek za yovvara in phra- 
 , ses ill which we use lap, bosom. 
 Gen. 30: 3. 50: 23. comp. Job 3:12. 
 Is. 66:12. 
 
 '^n^i or *^"13 Chald. idem, Dan.6:ll. 
 
 nD^lIl f, (once nD^2 Gen. 27 : 38.) 
 Terlial from ^"^a, dec. XI. c. 
 
 1. a blessing., benediction. Gen. 27: 
 12, 41. b^ ^^'IS ]n3 to bestow a 
 blessing on any one, Ex. 32: 29. Al- 
 
 t3^3 Chald. conj. but, yet. Dan. 4.12. 
 [15.] 5: 17. In Syr. idem. 
 
 j^")3 to lighten, send forth lightning, 
 Ps. 144:6. (Also in Syr. and Arab.) 
 
 ^"13 m. verbal from p'^a, dec. IV. a, 
 1 . lightning, a flash of lightning, 
 Ex. 19: 16. Spoken figuratively of 
 the sword, *'2")n p'n2 the glittering 
 of my sword,i.e. my glittering sword, 
 Deut. 32 : 41 ; comp. Nah. 3 : 3. 
 Hence without addition a glittering 
 sword. Job 20: 25. Ezek. 21:15, 20. 
 
 / / f 
 
 [21: 10, 15.] (Comp. Arab. ;^y-3 
 
 to shine, glitter, spoken of the 
 sword.) Plur. fi''p'n2 lightnings^ 
 Job 38: 35. 
 
 2. proper name of a patriot, who, 
 with the aid of Deborah, smote the 
 
n-)3 
 
 104 
 
 xaaia 
 
 Canaanites. Judg. 4:6, 8. 5 : 1. 
 Comp. the Punic Barcas. 
 
 ripIS f. Ex.28:17. and nplHl Ezek. 
 
 V V T '" : It 
 
 28:13. a precious stone, probably 
 so called frora its glittering bnght- 
 ness^ (see p'ns ,) according to Braun 
 (De Vestitii Sacerdotum Hebr. p. 
 518 ff.) the emerald. Some fancy 
 a connexion in its sound with 
 ficiQaydog, (Arab. Sbaragdj) an em- 
 erald. 
 
 C^JJPIS masc. phir. Judg. 8: 7, 16. 
 threshing wagon or sledge. Sept. in 
 some MSS. and Symm. tQi^oXoL lit- 
 erally briers. But the Sept. also 
 uses TQi^oXog for t^i(joX(x^ iribula or 
 tribulum, a threshing machine, a 
 board, armed beneath with pointed 
 stones, which was drawn over the 
 grain. Comp. Vti^n. (In Arab. 
 5./C / ' 
 
 ^^f^ stony ground. 
 
 *)'ni5 1. to separate. Ezek. 20:38 
 D^"'!^?!]!^ D372 \ni'-i2 / will separate 
 
 the rebellious from you. (Arab. .-J 
 
 conj. Vlll. to be separated. Comp. 
 Tf^'z no. II.) 
 
 2. hence to select for any object, 
 to appoint. Part, appointed^ chosen.^ 
 1 Chr. 9: 22 n'^^^i'UJi? iD'^n^i^Zil a?s 
 a/Z f^csc, taj/.'o riDcre chosen to be por- 
 ters. 16:41. (Comp. }: b"'"itl.) Neh. 
 5: 18 nil "^2 l^i choice sheep. 
 
 3. to separate what is unclean^ to 
 cleanse^ purify. Part. i:i*na pure^'in a 
 moral sense, Zeph.3:9 JT^iin^ JlDto 
 a pure lip. Used adverbially, purely^ 
 sincerely^ Job 33 : 3. See Niph. 
 Hiph. 
 
 4. to burnish or sharpen an ar- 
 row. Part. pass, sharpened^ Is. 49: 2. 
 See Hiph. 
 
 5. to search out^ examine.^ prove. 
 
 (InArab.^^i conj, X. and rO.)Ecc. 
 
 3: 18 D*^2b/or to prove them. This 
 form of the infin. is like ^iD. In 
 Ecc. 9:1. the infin. ^tijs occurs in 
 the same sense ; see 'nria. 
 
 Niph. *i:n3 to purify one^s self Is. 
 52: 11. PartT n33 morally pure^ Ps. 
 18:27. 
 
 Pi. to purify, refine, as metals. 
 Dan. 11:35. 
 
 Hiph. 1. to clear, cleanse, as corn 
 from the chaff. Jer. 4: 11. 
 
 2. to burnish or sharpen an arrow. 
 Jer. 51:11. 
 
 Hithpa. 1. to purify one^s self. 
 Dan. 12: 10. 
 
 2. to conduct one'^s self as pure, to 
 show one'^s self pure. Ps. 18: 27. In 
 the parallel passage 2 Sam. 22: 27 
 occurs ^inn Chald. for "Tnsnn. 
 
 Deriv. 12, *i2, rT'^ii ; comp.al- 
 
 SO "1*^2 00.11. 
 
 lltDS a brook, which flows into the 
 sea, on the north of Gaza. 1 Sam. 30: 
 9, 10,21. 
 
 u'u3 m. dec. IV. a. an aromatic plant; 
 here perhaps specially the balsam- 
 
 bush 
 
 . Cant. 5: 1. (Arab, ^^y) 
 
 Sip^ Ex. 30: 33. and Cu^^, plur. 
 d"'j2'r2. 
 
 1. sweet odour, spicy fragrance, 
 perfume. DUJ2"]'3ip sweet cinnamon^ 
 Ex. 30: 23. DT2i2-n2p sweet cane, 
 sweet calamus^ ibid. Plur. Cant. 4: 
 16 1*'^il52 ^^71 that its spicy odours 
 may flow out, \. e. be scattered. 
 
 2. spice, "spicery. Ex. 30: 23. 35: 
 28. 1 K. 10 : 10. Ezek. 27 : 32. 
 D'Jp2 1:3 123^12 with the most costly 
 spices. Plur. lk.l0:2. Cant.4:10,14. 
 
 3. perhaps the balsam-bush. Cant. 
 5: 13 d"132ri ri^^^^ an espalier, (ac- 
 cording to others a bed,) of balsam- 
 
 V 
 
 hushes. 6: 1. (Syr. >ami:> to be sweet; 
 A ph. to smell sweet, to be fragrant ; 
 j.iaiari sweet odour, spice.) 
 
 ripl25lD proper name. 1. the wife of 
 Esau, and daughter of Elon the Hit- 
 ite, Gen 26: 34. also called Adahf 
 36:2. 
 
 2. the wife of Esau and daughter 
 of Ishmael. Gen. 36:3 ff. 
 
-itr)n 
 
 105 
 
 3. the daughter of Solomon. 1 
 K. 4: 15. 
 
 *lu!il found only in Pi. 1. to bring 
 joyful news; construed with an ac- 
 cusative of the person, 2 Sam. 18: 
 19 ']!:;2n HwNf trj^^^J. t ^i^^ bear 
 the king the joyful news. 1 Sara. 31: 
 9. 1 Chr. 10: 9. Used absolutely, 2 
 Sam. 4: 10 T^a-^i'a '^u.'n^D n^n he 
 thought to bring joyful news. Also 
 with an accusative of the news an- 
 nounced, 1 Chr. 16:23 tl'vq ni'^^5 
 inyn'tlj'^ Di'^ b^{ declare from day to 
 day his salvation. Is. 60: 6 nibtin 
 ^Itin"^ Jlin'] they shall declare the 
 prai'^es of Jehovah. Ps. 40: 10. 
 
 2. more rarely to bring news gen- 
 erally, 2 Sam. 18: 20,20. sometimes 
 even of an unpleasant nature, 1 
 Sam. 4:17. Hence with an addition, 
 iiC2 1^2 fo bring good tidings^ 1 
 
 3. 'nUJS ^3 all flesh, for all living 
 creatures. Gen. 6: 13, 17. 7: 15. Ps. 
 136: 25. and, in a more restricted 
 sense, all men, Gen. 6: 12. Joel 3:1. 
 
 [2: 28.] (So in Arab. ^mX3 frequent- 
 ly, e. g. in opposition to angels.) 
 Hence ii2J2 often denotes, what is 
 human, fruil^ mortal, in opposition 
 to God, or what is divine, Gen. 6; 3. 
 Ps. 56:5. 78:39. Job 10:4. Is. 31: 
 3. ^i2J2 yi^T a fleshly arm, i.e. 
 human power. 2 Chr. 32: 8, 
 
 4. i-]*rin "'TSiLy my bone and my 
 flesh, i. e. my relative. Gen. 29: 14. 
 
 J uclg. 9:2. 2 Sam. 6: 1 . 1 9: 1 2, 1 3. 
 Also ^"iia alone m the same sense, 
 Gen. 37:^27 J^^n iiDi-dJi :i:"n.^ *^2 
 
 t ; T 
 
 for he is our brother, ourflesh. Is. 58: 
 7 *^y^^ thy fellow man. (Arab. 
 
 *-5-2S:u one kindred by blood, 
 5 ^ c 9 
 
 K. 1:42. Is. 52:7. (In Arab. ^3 S^3Zt5 blood relationship; from 
 I. II. to bring joyful news, also to c ^ 
 
 bring news of a contrary nature., ^^^SX) flesh.) In Heb. see 'INTp. 
 when specially noticed. In Syr. by 5. by a euphemism, pudenda viri, 
 
 transposition ^^ idem.) .L^^' 1^= 2, 3, 7, 19. Ezek. 16: 26. 
 
 Hithpa. to receive joyful news, 2 "^'^A m. Chald./csA, as in Heb. Dan. 
 Sam. 18:31. (In Arab. med. Kesr. ^ 2:11. 4:9. [12.] 
 and conj. IV. X.) Up^ j^ ^^ ^^-^^ ^^ ^^ ^ j^.^.^^^^ ^^^^ 
 
 nnilTB f. verbal from -\'i32. 1. joyful 24T 5^ 
 
 2. to be ripe, to ripen. Joel 4:13.[3: 
 13.] So in Aram, bipa, ^^Si ; comp* 
 ntuTO), Lat. coquitur vindemia^messis, 
 
 tidings. 2 Sam. 18: 22. also with the 
 epithet fll'it:, verse 27. 
 
 2, reward for bringing news. 2 
 Sam. 4: 10. 
 
 T*p2 m. dec. IV. a. 1. flesh. Ps. 102: 
 6 '"ITpib "^^a^? i^R^l "^y bones cleave 
 to my flesh, a description of great 
 leanness; comp, Ps. 22: 16. (Oth- 
 ers take ^tJa here, like the Arab. 
 
 also Chald. p^-;:. 
 
 Pi. to boil llesh. Ex. 23: 19. 16: 
 
 23. 
 
 Pu. pass, of Piel. Ex. 12: 9. 
 
 Hi ph. to ripen, as in Kal. Gen. 40: 
 
 26. 
 
 ^:^ 
 
 T^rfn 
 
 '^M, for skin.) ^.P^' ^^'^' '^';??'^' verbal adj. from 
 
 ^2. body. Num. 8:7. Prov. 14:30 ):X':i. boiled, sodden. Ex.l2:9. Num. 
 
 D"^^/i;S -^^n health of the body. Ps.l6: ^7 j'g 
 
 9. 84 : 3 "^n^^l^Sl "^zb mw soul and i,mh^ * 
 
 , , T?'^ tr,\* . \\J^ proper name of a country be- 
 
 mxi bodu. Ecc. 12: 12 ^'^z nS'*":;'' '"^ ^ 1 t j 1 . .l 
 
 '' . ^ 'rT * - -i.. yond Jordan, between the rivers 
 
 weariness of the body. Hence, like Jabbok and Arnon, celebrnlcd for 
 
 guqI m the N. T. the fleshly appe- its pastures, whence the mention 
 
 tites and passions, Ecc. 2:3. 5: 5. mar'e of the bulls and rams of Ba- 
 14 
 
nn 
 
 106 
 
 ins 
 
 shan. Num. 21: 33. 32: 33. Deut. 
 3: 1. Ps. 22: 13. Am. 4: 1. In Greek 
 Boixavuiu, now L7 Bottin. 
 
 )j"C32 f. verbal from u3i2. shame. 
 
 X ; T 
 
 Hos. 10: 6. The termination ^2, as 
 the aiformative of a verbal noun, 
 is otherwise unknown; but is anal- 
 ogous with i^;r- . 
 
 L/l3j found only in Po. DplZ^o tread 
 dowa^ to trample vpon. Once Am. 
 5:11, construed with ^^^ like its 
 synonyme DDi2. Ought it not per- 
 haps to be read D'^is? 
 
 iUpIl see uJia no. II. 
 
 ri'J^S f verbal fromd^3, dec. XIII. e. 
 
 1. shame; for the most part 
 joined with '^3S, shame or confusion 
 of face, Ps. 44:'ft3. Dan. 9 : 7, 8. 2 
 Chr. 3'2: 21. n^ps 'Z'2b figuratively 
 to be clothed with shame, Job 8: 22, 
 Ps. 35:26. n '15 3 Sit: i" idem^ Ps.l09. 
 29. 
 
 2. the secret parts. Mic. 1:11 
 nwJ3~f^"'nj'. 7iuda pudendis. 
 
 3. idol Hos. 9: 10. Jer.3:24. 
 11: 13. 
 
 12 f, (contraction of n:z fern, of 
 'jS,) with suff. "^n^; plur. n^^z, 
 const, nis:: (analog^ous with iD^jS.) 
 
 1. daughter; freq. Its other sig"- 
 nifications are parallel for the most 
 part with those under "72. 
 
 2. grandaughter, female descend- 
 ^ ant. ]y:3 niZS ;/ie daughters of Ca- 
 naan, Gen. 36: 2. also joined with 
 names of cities, to denote fe- 
 male inhabitants; as li'iii: ni;2 daugh- 
 ters, i.e. female inhabitants, of Zion, 
 Is. 3: 17. 
 
 3. In apposition with names of 
 cities and countries, it forms a po- 
 etical personification, known also 
 to other eastern writers, whereby 
 those cities or countries are re- 
 garded as young women or mothers; 
 e.g. applied to cities, ^i r\z the 
 daughter of Tyre, i.e. Tyre herself, 
 Ps. 45 : 13. bias n? daughter of Bab- 
 ylon, Ps. 137:8^ D^bt^^": n2, Is. 37: 
 22. p'::n2, Ig. 10:32. 'applied to 
 
 countries, )a^'l^l!'D na, Is. 47 : 1,5. 
 Q^^ir^n?, Jer. 46:11. ''725 nn the 
 daughter ofmypeople,\.e.tny people, 
 my native country, Is. 22:4. Jer.4:ll. 
 8: 22. etc. Sometimes the expres- 
 sion is more full, pT^^i n? rib^nz 
 virgin daughter of Zidon, Is. 23: 1 2. 
 ^735? n? n^^na, Jer. 14: 17. comp. 
 
 Jer. 46: 11. Lam. 1:15. 2:13. 
 
 4. ^*'2;n r)izii daughters of a city, 
 i.e. small villages under its juris- 
 diction. Num. 21: 25, 32. Judg. 11: 
 26. Josh. 15:45. 
 
 5. also other phrases; as Gen. 
 17:17 a daughter of ninety years, i.e. 
 ninety years old. b^^ba na a wick- 
 ed or vile woman, 1 Sam. 1 : 16. 
 ^"^^^7 21^22 daughters of song, i. e. 
 singing birds, Ecc. 12: 4. yj^ n2 
 daughter of the eye, i. e. the apple 
 of the eye. Lam. 2:18, (a similar 
 phrase is formed with 'jTii'^i^ q. v.) 
 D'"4J3 na a princess, Dan. 11: 17. 
 
 n^. m. dec. VIII. h. a hath, a meas- 
 ure for liquids, containing the tenth 
 part of a homer. 1 K. 7: 26, 38. 
 Ezek.45:10. 
 
 nS Chald. i. q. Heb. nn a hath. Ezra 
 
 7: 22. 
 
 D^nS houses, see n^s. 
 
 nn^ f Is. 5: 6. and plur. nina 7: 19. 
 
 according to the connexion and the 
 ancient versions, desolation. (Root 
 
 Ul 
 
 nni = Arab. [^^ to cut off,to break 
 
 off, to finish entirely ; OvA^ a jin- 
 
 ish-d business ; and ^X3 completely, 
 entirely. Comp. !nb3 destruction from 
 nbs to finish. ^ This derivation 
 would lead us to prefer the punctu- 
 ation j-rnz.) 
 
 I i /^mHS f. prim. dec. X. maid, virgin. 
 
 Gen. 24: 15 J^b r^^'l Jibinz ^'Jt'nl^ 
 n^T^ and the damsel zvas a virgin, 
 and no man had known her. 2 Sam. 
 13:2. inpqni T\^:!1 a damsel who 
 
^ 107 ni<:^ 
 
 is a virgin^ Deut. 22: 23,28. Judg. Niebuhr^s Description de I'Arabie, 
 
 21:12. Applied also to a new-married p. 31 ff. 
 
 wife, Joel 1:8. Souc//a,in Virff.jEn. ^^n^n t>- ., * *i. * 4-l l 
 .' , . ',, ,' ,Ti [''V\^ V\. to cut in pieces ^thrust throueh, 
 
 IV. 458. and Dirgo, Idyll VI. 47. Hor. -^ f ^ o 
 
 Od. II. 8. 23. Orten applied to cities Ezek. 16: 40. (Arab. ^A.5 to cut in 
 
 and countries, by means of a per- pieces, ^ and p being interchanged.) 
 
 sonification, (see nz no. 3.) also ..-.ta, ><i 1>-) ^ 
 
 .,, ^ V " 1 T lii^ and li^il <o cu< in pieces. Gen. 
 
 without n2, as ^i<-\i!J'^ nV^ns Jer. - - , " ' l- ^ 
 
 18: 13. 31:\ 21. * Am. 5:'2. ^ ^^Z^^^* ^" ^^'^^'^' ^^ ^"^ ^^^^ ""^P' 
 
 n^^^nq m. denom. from ^b^ina , J^:* < ^^^^^^ 
 
 dec. l! ' "ins Chald. a/icr. Dan. 2: 39. 7: 7. 
 
 1. the state or condition of a vir- ln\erse 6, it is written fully ^n^a. 
 g-in, virginity. Lev. 21: 13N^tT) ^ '^^ 
 
 nj?*) tl^!:!ina2 rrm and he shall ^^' 
 
 take a 7<cife as a virgi^n. Judg. 11:37. "^r].?. verbal from nns , dec. VI. h. 
 
 Applied figuratively to the people part cut off, piece ; spoken of the 
 
 of Israel, freedom from idolatry-, parts of the sacrificial victim. Gen. 
 
 Ezek.28:3,8. 15: 10. Jer. 34: 18, 19. 
 
 2. sign or token of virginity^ the 2. separation. Cant. 2:17 moun- 
 hridal sheet kept by the friends of the tains of separation, i. e. the solitary 
 bride. Comp. Deut. 22: 14 flf. with mountains. 
 
 The name of this letter, Gimel, Michaelis Arab. Grammatik. p. 91. 
 (1:??,1 or !:73-a i. q. -^^^ or hm cam- ^^ -^ ^ ^^^^ ^^^bal from riNfl. proud, 
 el,) IS most easily illustrated by its " ant,"pvffed up. Is. 16^6. 
 form m the Phenician alphabet 1 , o ' r a/ / 
 
 4 , in which we find a rude deline- Hii^^, fut. lnN5\ \. tobe lifted vp, to 
 ation of a cameVs neck. It is most ^i^^. Job 10:* 16 nt^^^l and should it 
 frequently interchangred with the , , ... ,./',"* r^,, 
 
 kindred palatals; (1.) with 5, as ("^J ^\^^^) ^' ^t . T - ' 
 
 p , ^ 5 c and It (my affliction) increases. 
 
 rr^^Ca Syr.] A^o::^ Ar UCv/.=d Spoken of water, Ezek. 47; 5. 
 
 . .'*' ^, , . r. ' ' 2. spoken of plants, to grow vp. 
 
 brifnstone ; Heb. and Syr. ytt^s Job 8- 11 
 
 Chald. n:^73:i3 and^ ij:^t,p a pit; 3 to be exalted, majestic, excellent. 
 
 n-^aniDT Syr. IAa'^^vJ crystal ;^^0 Ex. 15: I, 21. In Syr. applied to 
 
 and -iDO to close; '-\-\ and !r:Dn"(o t>eauty, pomp, splendour. In He- 
 
 ,"'... i'Vo\ ri^-. brew used only m the poetical por- 
 
 ruTT about, to travel. ^(2.) with p, ^.^^^ ^^^^^ ^^j^,^^ 
 
 . 1^ V-*^ w Deriv. out of course fi^a , m^a , 
 
 as 3?"'2H a cwp, Arab. *^a3 ^/le cwp , ^ t -. 
 
 of a flower, comp. m'2p ; ins^z^^a ^ ' " ' ' ''" 
 
 pmsf.ca;7,arr6n//5^3any^Sip ^'?.?.' Pl"^- =^'^^ ^^^^^^ ^J- ^^ 
 a ^e/mcf, Syr. \^::,an a hat, Arab. ' y' ^^^^^^^ ^^^^^ Job 40 : 1 1, 12 
 Ja3 to cover the head. Comp. Bo- !nN5-^3 nN^l 6e/io/i eT;cri/ thing 
 charti Hieroz. T. II. p. 888. J. D. prowc?. Is. 2: 1*2. 
 
1i^^ 
 
 108 
 
 !?i<^ 
 
 2. arrogant^ hold^ violent^ -wicked. 
 (So IT and many words denoting 
 pride^ include the idea of violence 
 and wickedness^ as, on the contrary, 
 hwmiliiy often denotes virtue and pi- 
 ety. Comp. in Greek dyrjvo}Q, vneQ- 
 I'jVMQ.) Plur. QWa , Ps. 94:^2. 140: 
 6. Prov. 15:25. 1(3: 19. 
 
 Ti^'y f. verbal from nJ<5. pride^ arro- 
 gancy. Prov. 8: 13. 
 
 illi?!^ f. verbal from nN^, dec. X. 
 
 1. exaltation^ majesty .^ greatness; 
 spoken of God. Deut. 33 : 26, 29. 
 Ps. 68: 35. 
 
 2. pride^ arrogance^ violence. Ps. 
 10:2. 31 : 19,24. 36: 12. 46:4 
 "''"'^^.^r tD^'in T^?:^'] the mountains 
 shake through its violence, i. e. 
 throug-h the raffing of the sea. Job 
 41:6 D^i.'}^ \i.^^^. !n>^i '"* strung 
 shields are his pride. (Others make 
 it in this passage i. q. S-n^i back^ 
 body.) 
 
 *\^^^^ m. verbal from lnN.n , dec. III. 
 
 1. exaltation, greamess, majesty^ 
 especially of God. Ex. 15:7. Mic. 
 6: 3. Job 37:4 Tzi^-j Hp his (God's) 
 majestic voice, i. c^ tJie thunder. Job 
 40: 10 J-Ti;.! ]-?5<^ N^^n^i? deck thy- 
 self with majesty and excellency. Is. 
 60:15. 
 
 2. pride,, haughtiness, arrogance. 
 Job 38 : 1 1 cV.n p'N.n pride of the 
 waves., i. e. proud waves. Ezek. 7: 
 24. 16:49, 56. Prov. 16: 18. Is. 14: 
 18. Am. 6:8. 
 
 3. that whereof any one is proud. 
 Ps. 47: 5 npi?^ pi^S the pride of Ja- 
 cob, i. e. the promised land. Am. 
 6:8. 
 
 4. 'jv.'^l^Jj 'jli*-^ the pride or glory 
 of Jordan, Jer. 12:5. 49:19. 50: 
 44. Zech. 11: 3. i. e. the banks and 
 shores of Jordan, which were over- 
 grown with reeds, willows, and 
 thickets, and formed a residence 
 for wild beasts. Comp. Jc,ome on 
 Zech. 11:3. Relandi Palaestina, p. 
 274. That the above is a correct 
 explanation of the phrase, is evi- 
 dent from the parall. n^'^.N Zech. 
 
 11:3. Others, thinking a poetical 
 expression here unsuitable, regard 
 this word as a contraction of 'jij?^ 
 = ITT^NS, N\n a valley ; but in this 
 case the IVeri would be impure. 
 
 n^i^5 f. verbal from MN.^. 
 
 1. rising up, as of smoke. Is. 9: 
 17. 
 
 2. exaltation, majesty., excellency. 
 Ps. 93 : 1. Is. 12 : 5 ^tJ^ n^lN?. ^3 
 
 for he has done excellently. 
 
 3. pride, arrogance,, raging, 
 Ps.l7:10. 89: 10 n^i<.n2 ^^3172 nni? 
 D'Sl thou rulest the raging of the sea. 
 
 ]^^^.'^. verbal adj. from MJ<a , proud. 
 Ps. 123:4 Kethih D'^p'^NA the proud. 
 The Keri has D'^:'i'^ 'i\5 the proud of 
 the oppressors, i. e. the proud op- 
 pressors. 
 
 nVK5 plur. fem. valleys. Ezek. 7:16. 
 3h 12. 32: 5. It forms the plural 
 of J?']^ , "^5 a valley ; and appears to 
 be transposed for nii<^5 which 
 would be the regular plural. 
 
 I. ^i^5 , fut. VNi"'. 1. to demand bock 
 one's property; hence (1.) to re- 
 purchase, buy again an estate which 
 has been sold. Lev. 25: 25. comp. 
 Ruth 4:4,6. (2.) to redeem what 
 has been vowed or is otherwise 
 due to the priests. Lev. 27: 13, 15, 
 19, 20. (3.) to require satisfaction 
 for bloodshed, to avenge the blood of 
 one slain, sanguinern repetere. Found 
 only in part. D"n ri^.a an avenger of 
 blood. Num. 35^: 19 ff. Deut. 19: 6, 
 12. 20:5,9. without D^n , Num. 
 35: 12. 
 
 2. to redeem, ransom. Lev. 25:49. 
 hence in general to deliver, setfree^ 
 Gen. 48: 16. Ex. 6: G. Frequently 
 spoken of God in the Psalms and 
 Prophets, Ps. 19: 15. 103:4. 106: 
 10. Is. 41: 22. 48: 20. 52: 9. 
 
 3. because the right of repur- 
 chase and of redemption, as well ai 
 of the avenging of blood, pertain- 
 ed, by the Jewish law, only to the 
 nearest of kin ; the part. "biAh comes 
 to signify one nearest of kin. Lev. 
 
bi<:y 
 
 109 
 
 n:^ 
 
 25: 25 V^iS!. ^ilp^vl "^-^.^ ^" nearest 
 kinsman. Ruth. 3:12 '^:72?3 ii'lfP ^i<A 
 <x nearer kinsman than I. 1 K. 1 6: 1 1 .- 
 *pi5_57^ </<e nearest of kin but one^ Ruth 
 2:20. (So "\NUi one nearest of kin ^ 
 
 and r'-^v^ an avenger of blood., in 
 
 which example the order of signifi- 
 cations is inverted.) 
 
 4. because the nearest of kin was 
 under oblig-aticn to marry the wid- 
 ow of his deceased relative, hence 
 the verb ''^^ is used to express this 
 idea. Ruth^3: 13 m*t: !]1:N^"; Di"? 
 
 '^rit if he will take thee to wife, well, 
 let him do so ; but if he will not take 
 thee to wife, then I will take thee. 
 Com p. Tob. 3: 17. 
 
 Niph. to be redeemed. Lev. 25 : 
 30. 27: 20 ff. reflex, to redeem one's 
 self 25:49. 
 
 II, ^i^^ to defile, 'pollute, disgrace, 
 like the Chald. ^^i) (comp. under 
 the letter j?.) Job 3:5 ']i;n JltlbiJ^^ 
 n^Xjbj:'] let darkness and death-shade 
 disgrace it. 
 
 Pi. "^i^lidem. Mai. 1: 7. 
 
 Pu. pari. '^i^j,l2 polluted, ceremo- 
 nially unclean. Mai. 1:7, 12. 
 
 Niph. pass. ^J<:i2 Zeph. 3: 1. In- 
 stead of this we find Is. 59: 3. Lam. 
 4: 14 rJi.': , a peculiar grammatical 
 form. Is it not perhaps a trace of 
 the passive of Niphal,like the Arab. 
 
 Hiph. with Syr. form, \nbw\^N / 
 have polluted or stained. Is. 63: 3. 
 
 Hithpa. to defile or pollute one^s 
 self Dan. 1:8. 
 
 III. ^i^y to reject, exclude. (In Syr. 
 ^ii-v^ph.fo re;eci,Ethp.to be rejected. 
 
 Verbs ^y and IS" are often commut- 
 ed, especially in Syriac.) 
 
 Pu. pass. Ezra 2:62. Neh. 7:64 
 ^NJ;') they were rejected, i. e. remov- 
 ed from the priesthood. 
 
 ^'^.'y m. plur. const. "^Vn , verbal from 
 ''ptiJi , pollution, defilement. Neh. 13: 
 29." 
 
 nVNl5 f. verba? from ^N5, dec. X. 
 
 1. repurchase, redemption. Ruth 
 4: 7. verse 6 ni< lnn.\ b^ii 
 TlVt^S redeem thou instead of me. 
 JlVJ^r/h t22^?3 the right of redemp- 
 tion, Jer. 32:7. comp. verse 8. 
 
 2. the right of repurchase or re- 
 demption. Lev. 25: 24, 29 tl'^Jz^ 
 inV^-'i n^.iin his right of redemption 
 shall last a year, verses 31, 48. Jer. 
 32:8. 
 
 3. price of redemption, ransom. 
 Lev. 25:51, 52. 
 
 4. relationship, kindred. (Comp. 
 bJ^a no. I. 3.) Ezek. 11:15 "^'uirij 
 ^irnlriii thy relatives or kindred. 
 
 D5 m. with suff. "^s.^ , plur. d^z.n and 
 nis5 , dec. V'lll. ii. something curv- 
 ed, arched, or vaulted. (Chald. i^irs 
 a bunch, hill.) Particularly 
 
 1. the back of men and animals. 
 (Comp. Germ. Bwc/:e/.) Ezek. 10:12. 
 Ps. 129:3 Q'^t'\h ^,^^n ""Zjr):^ 
 they furrowed my 'hack. 
 
 2. boss of a shield or buckler, um- 
 bo. Job 15 : 26 he ran against him 
 T'n?^ "^a^ ""iS^a with the thick bosses 
 of his bucklers. In Arabic the expres- 
 sion is almost proverbial, he turned 
 against him the boss of his buck- 
 ler, i. e. he became his unrelent- 
 
 ins: adversary. Further the Arab. 
 5c / 
 
 O^^ denotes the shield itself; 
 
 comp. the French bouclier from 
 
 boucle. 
 
 3. citadel, intrenchment ; applied 
 figuratively to conclusions, or ar- 
 guments, behind which men, as it 
 
 were, intrench tm^mselves. Job 13: 
 
 I 
 12. (So in Arab. ^Jb a back and 
 also a citadel.) ^ 
 
 4. arch, arched building, vault ; 
 probably, like the h-Ai. fornix for a 
 broihcL (Sept. and Vulg. a brothel : 
 Syr. an arched house.) Ezek. 16:24, 
 31, 39. As no traces of arches 
 are found in the Egyptian and 
 
s:\ 
 
 110 
 
 ns:\ 
 
 Persepolitan ruins, it has been de- 
 nied that the Hebrews were ac- 
 
 to dig a well. The Keri is a cor- 
 rect gloss. 
 
 ^uainted with (hem (Goguet's Or- jj^j ^ ^^^ y, ^ ,_ ^;^^^^ ,, 3^^ 
 
 Jgin of Laws, etc. Part in. 
 
 14. 
 
 Jahn's Archaol. I. 1. p. 208.) But 
 the Babylonians were acquainted 
 with the building of arches, accord- 
 ing to Strabo (xvi. p. 738, 739.) 
 and the etymology of n^ and iTT^ii^ 
 prove the same as to the Hebrews. 
 Applied to an arched part of the 
 altar, Ezek. 43: 13. 
 
 5. the circumference of a wheel, , 
 
 felloe, apsis. 1 K. 7:33. Ezek. 1:18. V.AD*. collected water. 
 
 2. pool, swamp, marsh. Ezek. 47: 
 11. Root Niii i. q. W^ and C5'^^ 
 
 (with which also ^-^^ conj. IV. 
 
 agrees,) to collect water ; hence 
 
 ^^^^^ a great reservoir of water ; 
 
 // / 
 
 6. bow of th^ eye, eye-brow. Lev. --._^^^ ^^^^ j.^^, ^ .^^^ ^^^^^^ ^2eph. 
 
 3:^11.) 
 
 1. to be high ; spoken of a tree, 
 Ezek. 31: 5, 10. of stature, 1 Sam. 
 
 14: 9. (Arab. ^-^^ the bone just be- 
 low the eyebrow.) 
 
 )25 Chald. side. (Syr. .iJ.,^v^ Arab. 
 
 5c/ 
 
 *^^AC^.) Hence n.n bv and ^n.'j^ b^ 
 on the side of, by, upon. (Syr. 
 t-!:iJ-,v^^^ \\i^ idem.) Dan. 7 : 6 Ke- 
 thib n'^n:; V^', (read n^z.^,) Keri 
 rT:5 bv on him. Sept. V7Tf:^ap(o (/.v- 
 rijg. Vulg. super se. Others, after 
 the Hebrew usage, on his back. 
 
 ^5 m. dec. 1. a. 
 
 1. board, plank. 1 K. 6: 9. (Root 
 / / 
 
 i^-; i. q. Arab. O^r** lo cut, cleave ; 
 hence in Syr. |oa^c a board.) 
 
 2. cistern,reservoir of water. Jer. 14: 
 3. 2K.3:16.(Chald. ia , i^za, Nlz:].^ , 
 
 Syr. f"^^^^, Arab, v*.^^ idem.) 
 
 3. plur. D'^ia, locusts. Is. 33: 4. 
 Comp. :m.*J, with which it is synon- 
 ymous. 
 
 4. plur. d"':ia proper name of an 
 unknown place. Is. 10 : 31. Sept. 
 
 <^^ m. emph. 5525, Chald. pit, cavern, 
 den. Dan. 6: 7 k 
 
 I2^^y 2 K. 25 : 12 Kethib, probably 
 to be pointed D'^i.n ploughmen, i. q. 
 d^n^i in Keri. Root ^i\^ i. q. n^i"* to 
 plough, to till; comp. the Arab. 
 O^^ to cut, to cleave ; conj. VIII. 
 
 10: 23 D^^n-bs:^ "r^"!} ^^ ^^ ^* 
 higher than any of the people. 
 
 2. to be lifted up, to be exalted. 
 Job 36: 7. Is. 5: 16. 52: 13. 
 
 3. ^zb n^S my heart is elated,\.e. 
 proud, arrogant, haughty. Fs. 131: 
 1 ^zb T>25,~iih my heart is not 
 haughty. Prov. 18:12. 2Chr. 26:16. 
 32: 25. Ezek. 28: 2, 16. In a good 
 sense 2 Chr. 17:6"':D'ini izb nz^^") 
 Tl\ni his heart was elated, i.e. coura- 
 geous, in (he ways of Jehovah. Hence 
 
 4. by it&elf, to be proud, arrogant, 
 haughty. (Comp. ni^5.) Is. 3: 16 "^D 
 "i'^^'Ji ni:! ^ili:^ became the dausrh- 
 ters of Zion are haughty. Jer. 13:15. 
 Ezek. 16:50. Zeph. 3: 11. 
 
 Hi ph. n'^Z^fl 1. to make high, ex- 
 alt. 2 Chr. 33 : 14. Ezek. 17 : 24. 
 Prov. 17: 19 inns 1T^.V2> ^^^^ exalt- 
 eth his gate, i. e. buildeth it too 
 high. Jer. 49: 16 t:3s3 n'^a^Jn ""S 
 T^^lp^ though, like the eagle, thou 
 bmldest thy nest on high. So Obad. 4. 
 with the omission of 'rr^p , which 
 may be supplied from the follow- 
 ing clause. 
 
 2. when joined with the infini- 
 tive of another verb, it may be ren- 
 dered as an adverb, and the infini- 
 tive as a finite verb. (See pwil, 
 b'^B'cJi-i.) Ps. 113:5 n^'^Jb ^rT'z:;^ 
 who sitteth or dwelleth on hi^h. Job 
 
*1D5 
 
 111 
 
 in:^ 
 
 5:7 51^i? '^'^^^^I^h^yfiy^igh' Hence 
 without ;)15>, probably in the same 
 signification, 39:27 TT^'s^l S^"E by Di< 
 ^p3 doth the eagle mount up at thy 
 command ? 
 nD5 verbal from ns.n, const, rina and 
 nss, fem. riJin^, plur. n-rrna. 
 
 1 . /i%/a j spoken of trees, moun- 
 tains, towers. Is. 2: 15. 30: 25. 40: 
 9. 57: 7. 1 Sam. 9: 2. 
 
 2. haughty^ proud. Is. 5:15 '^i''^ 
 D'^n'nS the eyes of the proud. iSam. 2: 
 3 Mrjhs nnh^ i^s^n tia-in bN 
 <ai/j no more exceeding proudly. Fur- 
 ther in the phrases a''2'>3;-n5.n with 
 haughty eyes, Ps. 101: 5. lib. M^i} o/ 
 o proud heart, Prov. 16:5. fj^i '5 
 o/'a proud spirit, Ecc. 7: 8. 
 
 3. as a subst. in^Tp n'na the 
 height of his stature, 1 Sam. 16:7. 
 comp. Ex. 15: 16. 
 
 r\2^ m. verbal from nia , dec. Vi. n. 
 
 1. height. Job 22:12". 
 
 2. exaltation, majesty. Job 40:10. 
 
 3. arrogance. Jer. 48: 29. also 
 with the addition of q^N, Ps. 10: 4. 
 of :i\, 2 Chr. 32:26. ot" nn^, Prov. 
 16:18. 
 
 n*n!2^ m. verbal from rrin. pride, 
 
 arrogance. Is. 2:11, 17. 
 ^^niJ and ^35 verbal from b^-'ijdec.I. 
 
 1. hound, limit, border. Num. 34: 
 3 ff. Deut.3: 16,17. Josh. 13:23, 
 27. 15:47. ^ 
 
 2. territory. Ex. 10: 14 b^n.n bs 
 JD^'^it^ the whole territory of Egypt. 
 
 3. edge, border, margin. Ezek. 
 43: 13, 17, 20. 
 
 Plur. d'^b.lla territory, like the 
 Lat. ^/inej. 1 Sam. 5: 6. 2 K. 15: 16. 
 18:8. 
 
 Jl7lD^ fem. of bns.'), dec. X. terriiO' 
 ry, place. Is. 28: 25. frequently in 
 the plural nib^i.^ idem. Deut. 
 32: 8. 
 
 112!) and ISij verbal from 'nin , 
 dec. I. 
 
 1. strong, mighty. Gen. 10:8N^!i1 
 
 r">5<2 'naa ni'^nb bnn aM(i Ac be- 
 gan to be mighty on the earth. 1 Chr. 
 1:10. Ps. 112: 2. Hence spoken 
 of God, Deut. 10: 17 bi^l^n b^^t^ 
 S^^nisri') *lT35ll a great God, mighty 
 and terrible. 
 
 2. brave, valiant, and substan- 
 tively a hero. 2 Sam. 17:8. Gen. 10: 
 9 T>x 'liz.^ a brave hunter. Used 
 ironically. Is. 5: 22 nimpb C^S.l 
 ']'^^ heroes to drink wine. Frequently 
 in the phrase b^H 'lia.n brave hero, 
 mighty man of valour, Judg". 6: 12. 
 11: 1. 1 Sam. 16: 18. 2K.5:l.and 
 sometimes merely ^warrior. Josh. 1: 
 14. 8:3. 10:7. Cant. 3:7. 4:4. In a 
 different sense, 
 
 3. b^^.n ^"iai; one great in nib- 
 stance, a man of wealth. \ Sam. 9: 1. 
 Ruth 2: 1. 2K. 15: 20. also an ac- 
 tive, enterprising man. IK. 11: 28. 
 Neh. 11: 14. (Comp. d'^^n 12.1 
 a righteous man, 2 Sam. 22: 26.) 
 
 4. particularly, leader of an army. 
 2 Sam. 23: 8. 1 K. 1:8. 1 Chr. 29: 
 24. 2 Chr. 32 : 3. also generally, a 
 leader, chief, 1 Chr. 9 : 26 ""^12.1 
 I3i*l5''iujjl the chief porters. So 
 b^n m*2.n the leader or general of 
 an'army,' 1 Chr. 11:26. 2 Chr. 32: 
 21. 
 
 5. in a bad sense, violent, tyranni- 
 
 <L I 
 cal, i. q. Arab, f va^ Ps. 52 : 3. 
 126:4. ^ 
 
 "H'^nU f, verbal from 'ni.H , dec. X. 
 
 1. strength, might, power. Ecc. 
 9: 16. Plur. Job 41:4. [12.] Ps.l47: 
 10. 
 
 2. valour, courage, spirit, fortiiu- 
 do. 2K.18:20. Judg.8:21. Job 
 39 : 19 ITl^lnil D^Sb innri canst 
 thou give to the horse spirit ? Mic. 3: 
 8. Used as a concrete in the phrase 
 rrip^ '^^^{ in'l^aa his valiant deeds 
 which he did, 1 K. 16: 27. 22: 46. 
 comp. 16:7. 2 K. 13: 12. etc. 
 
 3. power, omnipotence of God, Pg. 
 54: 3. 66 : 7. 99 : 14. etc. Plur. 
 ^iil") ni'n 1:3.1 God'^s mighty deeds 
 
^2:^ 112 
 
 or wonders, Deut. 3: 24. Ps. 106 
 2, 150:2. In Syr. Uor^s*v^ idem. 
 
 pa 
 
 4. victory. Ex.32: 18. corap. the 
 verb, chap. 17: 11. 
 
 Jl'n'^n^ Chald. ernph. i<n'l^a5 , idem, 
 Dan.' 2: 20. 
 
 nSr* m. Lev. 13: 41. having too high 
 a forehead, bald before, forehead 
 bald, recaivaster, diiferent train 
 )n^p. (Root nn:^ in Samar. i. q. nia^ 
 to be high. The Arabians use this 
 word specifically of the high fore- 
 
 5 / / / 
 head; hence ^4^^ high forehead, 
 
 5 / c / 
 and ^"^9^ having a high forehead.) 
 
 nnS^f. with suff. inri24., denorn. 
 from na:. . 
 
 1. 6o/V/ore/iead. Lev. 13:42,43. 
 
 2. metaphorically, baldnesi^ or 
 bareness of hair, on the outer, front, 
 or right side of cloth. Lev. 13: 55, 
 
 'O'^Hi^ m. found only Job 28: 18. The 
 connexion shows that it is something 
 costly, a precious stone or a pre- 
 cious metal. Most probably crys- 
 tal; comp. U;^n2^^5< Ezek. 13: 11 
 hail. So in Greek nQVoraUog de- 
 notes ice and crystal. Some of the 
 Rabbins render it pearls ; others of 
 them, a green precious stone. 
 
 r'ml'y J fut. bi:^'^ to bound, to set up a 
 boundary; spoken (1.) of the boun- 
 dary itself. Josh. 18: 20 the Jordan 
 ini< bz:^1 shall bound it. (2.) of one 
 who hxes the boundaries, Deut. 
 19: 14 thou shalt not remove thy 
 neighbour's land-mark^ ^iVia TP^^ 
 !2'^:Vi:t<n xn'hich the forefathers have 
 fixed. 
 
 Hiph. to set bounds to a person, or 
 about a thing-. Ex. 19: 12 set bounds 
 to the people, verse 23 set bounds 
 about the mount. 
 
 -!-i'*-in J, 1 -n L T u in Deriv.out of course V^:35,Jib25:c. 
 
 * \J miJ curdled milk, cheese. Job 10:^ ': 
 
 '^,'',r, i/ ' , /'--' proper name of a Phenician city, 
 
 10. (Syr. U\A^vv^ with omission t, ' , n ,, ./ 
 
 ^ ' ^^ called by the Greeks Byblus and by 
 
 ^ ^ ^ the modern Arabians Geble, Gebail, 
 
 of Nun, and Arab, (^a^ idem.The anj Esbtle. Ezek. 27:9. comp. Josh. 
 
 13:5. 1 K. 5: 32. The gentile noun 
 
 root in Syr. Ethpe. and in x\rab. 
 
 conj: V. signilies to curdle as milk, jg v^^^ , 1 K. 5: 3^. Josh. 13: 5. 
 * to form cheese.) "L^^ ' 
 
 wj*,^^ IT,,. -n ,. ^'-^-^ Ps. 83: 8. probably the Arab. 
 
 *?^-i3 m. dec. III. a. 1. cup. Gen. 44: - . r j 
 
 2 ff. Jer. 35: 5. In the latter pas- <J*"J^ Gebalene, a mountainous 
 sage, y'^ir. appears to denote a lar- country beyond Jordan. Reland's 
 ger drinki'ng vessel, a go6/e^ crater; Palaestina p. 8285. 
 and O^'D, a smaller one, wine glass, 7^^ se i^^D5. 
 cyathus, into which they drew from V 
 
 the other. m/25 f. verbal from VS-^ , prob. 
 
 2. the cup or calix of a flower. bordering, bounding. Ex. 28: 22 and 
 
 Ex. 25: 33. (So the Arab. ^*a5. 
 Comp. n^sj^ .) 
 
 '^"'i^S m. verbal from "li.". . master, 
 rider, lord. Found only Gen. 27: 
 
 29,37. 
 
 Tl'^n!j fern, of ^'^'2?,, mistress, female 
 ruler, reigning queen. 1 K. 11 : 19. 
 15: 13 n^'^S.nt: n^'^D*^*' he remov- 
 
 ed her from being qiiten. 2 Chr. 15: ^-^^ 
 
 IP) . 'l!2^ 
 
 39: 15 nnbl-l m'nip'lp bordering 
 chains, or cords, to separate the 
 different rows of precious stones on 
 the breastplate. Comp. Inb23?3 28: 
 14. Others: catenm cequaliter termin- 
 ates, chains of equal length ; but 
 the idea of equality is arbitrarily 
 introduced. Others : elegantly form- 
 ed chains, from ^ii in Syr.and Arab. 
 
 m. hump-backed, hunch-backed. 
 
:?n^ 
 
 113 
 
 nn:; 
 
 Lev. 21 : 20. So Sept. Vulg. Syr. 
 Arab. See the following article. 
 
 C^Spn^ masc. plur. protuberances^ 
 knobs, hills. Ps. 68: 16 n'^ipS:^ 'lil 
 a mountain having many summits, 
 OQog nokvdei^ccg. verse 17 D""");! 
 D'^iSiA ic/em, where the latter 
 word is used adjectively, or they 
 both stand in apposition. Comp. the 
 
 Syr. (.J-Aiii,^ summit, eyebrow ; 
 Talmud, n^n-n^ summit, crown of 
 the head; 1^22.^ puffed up, proud. 
 
 ^^}. {height., hill) proper name of a 
 Levitical city in the tribe of Ben- 
 jamin,the northernmost boundary of 
 Judea, Josh. 18:24. 2 Sam. 5: 25. 
 also called Geba of Benjamin, Judg. 
 20: 10. 1 K. 15:22. 
 
 ri:?X1 f. pUir. n^i?n5 , dec. XII. b. 
 
 *1. hill. Ex. 17:' 9. 2 Sam. 2: 25. 
 etc. 
 
 2. proper name of a city in the 
 '' tribe of Benjamin, also called 
 ^ni^-ij-nynij Gibeath-Saul, because 
 Saul was born there, and made it 
 his royal residence. 1 Sam. 11: 4. 
 26:1. 2Sam. 21:1 9. The gen- 
 tile noun is "^nysa Gibeath-Phine- 
 has, Josh.24:33.*is a different place. 
 P'^'^.-l (hii^) proper name of a city 
 in the tribe of Benjimin, somewhat 
 more to the north than Gibea, an- 
 ciently inhabited by the Hivites, 
 (Josh. 9: 1. 11: 19.) and famous for 
 the deception which the inhabi- 
 tants played on the Israelites. 
 
 />*^5 found only Ex. 9 : 31 innpBtl 
 ";:i?n:i(n) Vulg. cum Hnum jamfol- 
 liculos germinaret. Luther: the flax 
 had knotted. C. V. the flax was boi- 
 led. Sept. Arab, and Snmar. render 
 it: had seeds, or was impregnated. 
 Perhaps: was in blossom, so that 
 thisquadriliteral were compounded 
 of^^n.n calix of a flower, and rip 
 
 i. q. Syr. poax) bud, flower. In 
 fhe Talmud, bs?n^ occurs for siemf^ 
 1^) 
 
 stalk. Mishnah, P. vi.p. 307. ed. Su- 
 renhus. 
 
 "^?5 and 135 (2 Sam. 1: 23.) fut. 
 ^2^"], perhaps a denom. from "^25. 
 
 1. to be strong, powerful. Lam. 1: 
 16. Construed with rn, to be strong- 
 er than, to prevail over, 2 Sam. 1: 
 23. Ps.G5:4.Construed with b?i,in the 
 same sense, 2 Sam.l 1.23.Gen~49: 26. 
 
 2. to increase ; e. g. as water, 
 Gen. 7:18, 24. i^^r^ 125 to increase 
 in substance, Job 21: 7. 
 
 3. to conquer, get the upper hand. 
 Ex. 17: 11. 1 Sam. 2: 9. (Arab. 
 
 r-f^^ to hind fast, to fortify, conj. 
 
 V. to become strong, to acquire 
 strength.) 
 
 Pi.ro 7nake strong,to establish. Ecc. 
 10: 10. Zech. 10:6, 12. 
 
 Hiph. 1. to make strong, to con- 
 firm. Dan. 9:27 D'^zlV n^li 1^25^: 
 hemakesajWm covenant with many. 
 
 2. intrans. i. q. Kal. Ps. 12:5 
 1'^25: )2p^u;i^b through our tongue 
 are we strong. 
 
 Hithpa. 1. to prevail, be superi^ 
 or*, construed with i>y. Is. 42: 13. 
 
 2. to conduct one's self proudly or 
 arrogantly. Job 15: 25. 36:9. (Arab, 
 conj. V. to exalt one''s self against 
 God.) 
 
 Deriv. n*25, ni^S.^., VS-V 
 *1^.?. m. prob. prim. dec. VI. 
 
 1. man, vir, i. q. '^b^i^, almost ex- 
 clusively in poetry. n''"\2nb man by 
 man, Josh. 7: 1 4, 1 7, 1 8.-^Ps. 34 : 9 
 I5.n.r? 'nuiN happy is the man. 40: 
 5. 52:9. 94: 12. 
 
 2. as a distinguishing name of 
 sex, male, mas, i.q. 12T. Deut. 22:5. 
 
 * TT 
 
 spoken even of new born babes, 
 Job3:3 15^. nir: ir^N in^'^Vrj the 
 
 night which said : a man, i. e. a 
 man-child, is conceived. 
 
 3. in a general sense, for man^ 
 homo; especially in opposition to 
 God. Prov. 20:24 12;\ ^l.^.'-^P, ^p"^^. 
 a man^s goings are of the Lord. Job 
 4:17. 10:5. 14:10,14. Lam. 3: 35. 
 
 4. everji one,. \ ike z'^t^. Joel 2:8 
 
"15 114 i^: 
 
 ]!i:Db.;i "i^Vo^a -^l^ij. every one march- \y Gen.30:l 1 Kethib "^^z fortunately^ 
 
 s in his jjath. Lam. 3: 39. happily.Se\ii. Ivrvp^. \\x\^.feliciter. 
 
 nn^ m. (with Chaldaic form,) idem. ^^^^^ ^^x i^^^ good fortune comes. 0th- 
 
 Ps. 18: 16. ^"^^ make it i.q. I^^a a crowd^ troop^ 
 
 m.^^ , ^ //'/ . \ turma.. but unsuitably to the con- 
 
 J-ilj m. plur. 'J"'"^.:??. (as if from '-j^.n,) ^ext. 
 
 Chahi. i(/em. Dan. 2: 25. 5:1 1. 3: 3, 2. proper name of a son of Jacob 
 
 1~- and of the tribe named from him, 
 
 "1115 Chald. i.q. Heb. "lisn Aero. Dan. whose possessions lay beyond Jor- 
 
 ^.'20 ^^^"^ between Reuben and Manas- 
 
 '^^* seh. The limits are given more 
 
 niJ.T f.with suff. '^n";S5, fem. of ^-"ns, minutely, Josh. 13: 2428. The 
 
 dec! XUI. b. w/*5irc5s, in opposition gentile noun is ""la , Deut. 3: 12. 
 
 to handmaid. Gen. 16 : 4,8. Prov. Josh. 1: 12. 
 
 30:23. ^K.br6.-^mistrcssofking-\l, ^^ ^, J-j-j^ f^d ^, i jj^g 
 
 t/om5, Is. 47: 5, 7. , '^ ,''. , , t , .. 
 
 j_^ plur. const. riTIA feanA;^. Josh 3: 15. 
 
 ^^. "!^^ ^- 0"^'* "/ ^od) proper 4., is. 12:15. Is. 8: 8. 
 
 name^of one of the seven archan- ^^m,^^^ ^, 1 , -r^ ^ ^ ^ 
 
 gels in the writings of the laterJews.f ^i il ^^^^'^' ^^"- ^- ^^ ^- '' '^' 
 
 ban. 8: 16. 9 :21. Comp. Luc. 1 : Vy^W treasurers (q. v.) 
 
 19,26. '^I'M? fo"n<5 only Deut. 10: 7. 
 
 linS!!} proper name of a Philistine proper name of a place in the 
 
 city in the limits of the tribe of Arabian desert. In the parallel 
 
 Dan. Josh. 19: 44. 21: 23. 1 K. 1 5. p:i^sage Num. 33 : 32, T-^Xn^l ^n. 
 
 27. Eusebius calls it Fa^aOorv TOtv I. I'l^l to cut in, to cut off, (as in Syr. 
 
 dUoq^vloyv; Josephus, Fa^aOio. and" Arab.) Found only in Hithpo. 
 
 ^-^ m.prim. with suff. .n.a , plur. nir,.^. '^'^.^^P^^ ^0 cut one^s self'm the body; 
 
 1. j^af roo/ or iop of an oriental as a superstitious and idolatrous 
 house. Josh. 2:6,8. Prov. 21: 9. 1 rite, Deut. 14:1. 1 K. 18:28. and 
 Sam. 9: 25. as a sign of mourning, Jer. 16: 6. 
 
 2. surface or top of an altar. Ex. 41: 5. 47: 5. See ^n.^ 
 
 30: 3. 37: 26. JJ. ^'^5 j^ ^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^j ^^^^ 
 
 I. 1^ Is. 65: 11. name of a divinity, in He'brew,) construed with H\ Ps. 
 which was worshipped by the idol- 94 : 21 p-^x^ ^d:-^:' ^^'V^-*' they 
 
 trous Hebrews, perhaps the god or ^^; ;,j,-% "^^ righteous. 
 
 goddess of fortune, Comp. ^.^ Sept. ^^3 ^gs. ^f Kennicott have n'7a\) 
 
 Tvxt]. Vulg. Fortuna. According to Hithpo. to collect into one place, 
 
 some Jewish commentators, this from fear or terror, Mic. 4:14. [5:1.] 
 
 word denotes in Arabic the star to assemble any where, Jer. 5: 7. 
 
 Jupiter. Hence perhaps i.n bs-'iz ii-h /-hit 7 77 
 
 ,.,, ^ 1 ' "~ ' <'' Uhala. <o cu^ down, to hew down 
 
 Baal (jrad, the name 01 a place. " * ^^ ^ . . ^^ r . . . ^^ -, 
 
 jj ^ * a tree. Dan. 4: 11,20. [4: 14,23.] 
 
 II. l3 m. according to Sept. V^ulg. 7 i-.>>-n , . 
 
 Chald. Syr. Arab and the Jewidi ^^ ^^^1 "^- P^"^' ^^^^^^^ verbal 
 
 commentators, coriander^ a highly ^^^^"f^ '^"^"i."*^; !' 
 
 aromatic plant. The seeds are 1- ^'^ incision in the skin. Jer. 
 
 round, and of the size of pepper- 48: 37. 
 
 corns. In Ex. 16:31. Num. 11: 7, 2. an incision in the ground, a 
 
 the appearance of manna is compar- furrow. Fs. 65: W. . 
 
 ed to these seeds. II. -T^l^^ ^^ ^]^j. |nn^:,^, crowd, 
 
 Iks to . : ' -. 
 
 i^ m. I. fortune,prosperity. Found on- band of warriors, particularly of 
 
Ti^ 115 b'i:s 
 
 light armed troops for predatory ^^^-j^ ri^T^ts and 51^15 f. verba 
 
 excursions. Gen.49:19. 1 Sam. 30:8, ^ : i * v ''*'** 
 
 23. 2 Sam. 3: 22. 2 K. 6: 23. 13:20, '^^ -"^-l ' "*^^- ^- . ^ 
 
 21. 24:2. 2 K. 5: 2. See especial- ^ ^ g'''^tness, majesty ; eg oi 
 
 \y 2 K. 5: 2 d^^nn:; ti^r- a^N the ^''^ P^- 143 : 3. of a king Lst. 1 : 
 
 ;, . , , *'', V' . 4. ot a noble m a court, Lst. 10: 2. 
 oyrians had gone out in plundering n. o 
 
 parties. Also a band of robbers, Hos. ' g* ^^ ^ concrete, mighty deeds of 
 /: l.-nin-nrr -^Z men of the plunder- ^^^^ ^ g^^^^ ^ . 2j j ^^hr. 17:19. 
 ing party, predatory soldiers, 2 Chr. pg^ 145. g^ 
 
 25:12. nn: na daughter of plun- ^^^^ , ' /. 1 1 
 
 , . .-^ T.7- . ., ^i^'i-* verbal from P*ia , found only 
 
 derwg parties, mic. 4: 14. ' '-7 , 
 
 L^taw Lv_^ in plur. d'^D^tti and mc^ia reproach' 
 
 71/3, 71^, const, i^nij, iria, C5, rcm/i/jo-;,5co/5. Is. 43:28. 51:7. 
 (-^Ps 145:8. Nab. l:3Keri,) ^^^.^ ^ ^^^^^^, ^^^^ -^^.^^ 
 
 verbal adj. from ^n.^, dec. HI. a. ^^^l ^^^^^ 
 
 1. great. ^11 U^ ^^72 the great ^^^ m. dec. VI. 1. kid, hoedus. Ex. 23: 
 king, a title of the Assyrian mon- 19. generally with the addition 
 arch, equivalent to king of kings, 2 D'^ty, a kid of the goats. Gen. 38:17, 
 K. 18: 19, 28. ]:il^lri lilbri the high- 20* etc.plur. d'^':'ia, "^na, 1 Sara. 10: 
 priest. Hag. 1: 1, 12, 14. Zecb. 3:1, 3. Gen. 27: 9, 16.' 
 8. nb, np.n !:ina of great kindness, J. -j>i-j5 ^^^^^ ^f ,^^ /cma/e A:tc/, 
 ^ greae pother, Ps 145:8. Nab. 1: ^^^^ ^^^^^ Jl i the plur. 
 
 3kelh.-Gen. 29:7 binati Dl^rt ^VJ ^^.^^ ^ Cant. 1 : 8. (The singular 
 it is yet high day ; comp. the French ^^^u^rs in the Mishnah, P.iii.p, 111. 
 grand jour.ks a subst. Ex. 16: 16 ^^ Surenhus.) 
 ^nS'S; ^'1^ the greatness of thine arm, jy ;.^h-. ui-w 
 
 i!-e.-thy great arm. Plur. nivi^ "" ^^' i^ M- ^^^^ *"^- ' ^hr. 
 wonderful works ; of a prophet, i 12: 15 Kethib. 
 K. 8:4. and especially of God, Job t:*<^'^15 masc. plur. plaited work, 
 5: 9. 9: 10. Ps 106: 21.--Ps. 12: 4 ^^^r^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ,,,, V^, , 
 tne tongue, which speaketh great , . . . ^ 1 . , . .^ ^ 
 
 things, i. e. which is arrogant and ^^'ch m Syr. and Arab, sf "tfies <o 
 boastinff twist, to weave. Spoken (1.) of the 
 
 ' 2. elder in age, major natu. Gen. sacred tufts or tassels on the four 
 27:1. 1 Sam. 17:13. IK. 2:22. ^^^^^^''^ of the upper garment, 
 0Q. iQ Deut. 22: 12. (2.) of ornaments on 
 
 ^ 3. respectable, rich, mighty, distin- . ^^^ chapiter of a pillar, 1 K. 7 : 1 7. 
 guished. Ex. 11: 3 biia r\'XJl2 ^"'^T ^'''75 m. \. pile of sheaves in the field, 
 D^'liTX] V'l.i^a I'^'n the man Moses a stack, shock of corn. Ex. 22 : 5. 
 was much distinguished in the land Judg. 15:5. Job 5: 26. (Syr. and 
 of Egypt. Lev. 19: 15. 2 Sam. 19: Arab, idem.) 
 32. 2 K. 4 : 8 J^bia n^N a distin- ^ 2. gmve, tomb. Job 21: 32. 
 guished woman. 6: 1 "^Itih h^'^\ UJ\^ ^"l-i and ^^-^ 9 fut. ^'5^% 
 1*'21iSt a great man with his master. i. to be great. Gen. 38: 14. Job 
 
 Jol) 1:3. Plur. h^Vit^ the great, 2:13. etc. eo become great, to wax 
 mighty, noble, Prov. 18: 16. 25: 6. ^-^ ^Jen. 21 : 8. 25 : 27. 1 K. 12 : 
 ipl^^V^^ the nobles of the king, 8, 10. Job 31 : 18 n:<5 ^z^'l.a for 
 Jon. 3 : 7. S^i;-: '^Vl3 i/ie no6/c* 0/ ^'?732? 'b^J^ he has grown up with me 
 the city, 2 K. 10: 6^ 11. as with a father. Before the suffix 
 
 4. weighty, important, gravis. Ecc. ^2_, the preposition 'DV or b. is to 
 9:13. 
 
h^^ 
 
 116 
 
 y-ia 
 
 be supplied. Jerome : crevii mecnm. 
 
 2. metaphorically (o be or become 
 great^ rich^ distinguished. Gen. IG: 
 13 'iNJa p*!.^ ''D "ly till he btcamevery 
 grecu, 1. e. very rich. 24: 35. 41: 40 
 
 throne will I be greater than thou. 2 
 Sam. 5: 10. 1 K. 10: 23. Jer. 5: 27. 
 
 3. <o be exalted^ mag^iified., prais- 
 ed. Ps. 35 : 27 ninf l'l>^1 praised 
 be Jehovah. 40: 17. s'Sam'. 7: 26. 
 
 4.^0 be highly valued., precious.,dear. 
 1 Sam. 2o:24 as thy life was precious 
 in my eyes this day^ i, e. as I spared 
 thy life; comp. verse 21, where 
 ^J5^ stands in the same connexion. 
 
 Fi. b'na 5 b^.^. 1. to make great., 
 cause to grow ; e. gf. the hair, Num. 
 6:5. plants, Is. 44: 14. Ezek. 31: 4. 
 
 2. to bring up., to educate chil- 
 dren, is. 1:2. 49:21. 51: 18. 2 K. 
 10: 6. to nourish., or support, in gen- 
 eral, Dan. 1:5. Pu. pass. Ps. 144: 
 12. 
 
 3. to make great, mighty., or dis' 
 tinguished. Est. 3:1. 5: 11. 10:2. 
 Josh. 3:6. 4: 14. 
 
 4. to exalt., to praise God. Ps. 69: 
 31. construed with b, Ps. 34:4. 
 
 Note. The form' l:"-i occurs at 
 the end of a clause. Is. 49 : 21 . the 
 form V^-*^ in the beginning- or mid- 
 dle. Josh. 4: 14. Est. 3: 1. 
 
 Hiph. b''~i}lr|. 1. to make great. 
 Gen. 19: 19 '^hJ^V Tj-pn b'.^jnT thou 
 hast made great thy kindness tozeards 
 me, i. e. thou hast shown me great 
 favour, comp. Is. 9:2. 28 : 29. Ps. 
 18:29. Ecc. 1:9. 
 
 2. V^ r!>{ P"^'^^?^ to make great 
 one'^s mouth, to make arrogant speech- 
 es, to act proudly or insolently. Obad. 
 12. comp. Ezek. 35: 13 ^/::^-:ini 
 Cip'^S^ '^bS/' ye have boasted against 
 me with your mouth, also, with the 
 omission of lis or JiC2 , in the same 
 sense, Dan. 8:5, 8. 11: 25. and with 
 b^ of the person, Ps. 35: 26. 38:17. 
 55: 13. Job 19: 5. Jer. 48: 26, 42. 
 
 3. with the infinitives of other 
 verbs, used adverbially ; thus b"^"^?! 
 rrit^b to do great things, Ps. 126: 2, 
 
 3. Joel 2: 21. also to act proudly, 
 insolently , J oe\2:20. It has the former 
 signification sometimes when this 
 infinitive is omitted, 1 Sam. 12:24 
 
 D572y b'^'^i^Ti 1^^^. ^^"X "^'^^^ ^^^"^ 
 things he has done for you. 1 Sam. 
 20: 41 they both wept b'^'^^il TJ'^ "^^ 
 till David exceeded,or wept very loud. 
 
 4. to make high, to lijt up. Ps.41: 
 10. 
 
 Hithpa. 1. to magnify one^s self. 
 Ezek. 38: 23. 
 
 2. to conduct proudly or insolently. 
 Is. 10:15. Dan. 11:36,37. 
 
 i'7.5 m. verbal from b^-n , dec. V. a. 
 '^^reaf, Ezek. 16:26. 
 
 iP'lT^ m. with suff. ibl-\, once ib"[5 
 (Ps. 150: 2.) verbal Vrom btw dec'.' 
 VI. m. and o. 
 
 1. greatness; e. g". of a tree, 
 Ezek. 31: 7. T^S^hT h1i^ the great- 
 ness of thy might, Ps. 79:, 1 1. 
 
 2. greatness, honour, majesty, of 
 a king, i. q. "l^ns, Ezek. 31: 2, 18. 
 of God, (frequent in Deut.) Deut. 
 3:24. 5:21. 9:26. 11:2. 32:3 
 '^:''rI;b^{b b'^ii ^iii give honour to 
 our God. Ps. 150: 2. 
 
 3. with nnb , arrogance. Is. 9: 8. 
 10: 12. 
 
 /'I^ see r^ i5. 
 
 n^'l^see n^'^T!^^. 
 
 ^ i^ 1. to break in pieces ; e.g. a staff, 
 Zech. 11: 10. 1 Sam. 2: 3l I break 
 in pieces thine arm, and the arm of 
 thyfather^s house, i. e. I destroy your 
 strength. The same sense is at- 
 tached to the phrase, to break in 
 pieces the horn. Lam. 2 : 3. comp. in 
 Pi. Ps. 75:11. 
 
 2. toroot out ; e. g. trees, (see Pu- 
 al.) men, Judg. 21 : 6 Oi'tl ^"-jyi 
 inJ< t2!2*i3 we have this day rooted 
 out a tribe. 
 
 Pi. i.q. Kal, to break in pieces; e. 
 g. a bar. Is. 45 : 2. Ps. 107: 16. a 
 horn, Ps. 75: 1 1 . especially to break 
 down images of the gods, Deut. 12: 
 3. 2Chr.34:4,7. 
 
 Pu. pass, to be rooted out Is. 9: 9. 
 
ni:^ 
 
 117 
 
 ^^ 
 
 Niph. <o be broken in pieces, to be 
 broken down. Jer. 48: 25. Is. 14:12 
 
 rni<b DS'IS^^ thou art broken down 
 {and thrown) to the ground. 
 P^^*! proper name of a judge in Is- 
 rael. ^ Judg. 6: n. 7: 1 ff. Sept. 
 JTedeoiv. 
 
 t\'iy found only in Pi. iqia,. 
 
 1. to reproach^ revile. See the de- 
 riv. S|n-75 , nsrinis. 
 
 2. especiail)' 'to blaspheme or re- 
 proach God. 2K. 19 : 6, 22. This 
 nriay be done by actions as well as 
 words, Num. 15; 30 but he who does 
 it presumptuously, blaspheirus Jeho- 
 vah, i. e. expresses contempt to his 
 positive command. Ezek.20:27. (In 
 Syr. Pa. and Arab. conj. II. idem.) 
 
 n i^ to build a wall, to wall up. (Arab. 
 
 r^> I. II. idem.) Part. "Tiii a ma- 
 son, 2: K. 12: 13. Often figurative- 
 ly, Ezek. 13 : o ye have not built a 
 wall {for protection) about Israel. 
 (comp. 22: 30.) More frequently in 
 the following figure, Job 19: 8 
 ^*1^ ''tl'^J^ he has walled up my 
 path. Lam. 3: 7 "'"1^3 in.'* he has 
 walled about me. verse. 9. Hos. 2: 
 8. [6.] 
 
 n7.5 com. gen. (comp. Ps. 62 : 4. 
 Ezek. 42 : 7.) const, in:)., verbal 
 from 'nlS , dec. V. c. 
 
 1. waU.mc. 7: 11, Ezek. 13: 5. 
 especially about a vineyard. Num. 
 22: 24. Ecc. 10: 8. Is. 5: 5. 
 
 2. place walled in, place of pro- 
 
 5 c X 
 tection. Ezra 9 : 9. (Arab. T^v** 
 
 5 X 
 
 wall, r^J^^^ place walled in.) 
 
 ni^5 fem. of -1^.=;, dec. Xl.b. xi:all of 
 a city. Ps. 89:41. More frequently 
 a place surrounded with a wall, into 
 which the shepherds drove their 
 flocks by night for security against 
 wild animals. Hence rii^'ia, 
 jNiirn sheep-folds, Num. 32 :;16, 24, 
 
 36. 1 Sam. 24: 4. Zeph.2:6. Comp. 
 Odyss. IX. 185. But Nah. 3:17, ap- 
 pears to require a quick-hedge, yet 
 we may understand here the thorn- 
 bushes growing on a garden wall, 
 (Greek vtlpaaiu.) 
 
 n'1'7.5^ fem. of ITS . idem. Ezek. 42: 
 i2.* 
 
 51-5, Ezek. 47 : 13, undoubtedly a cor- 
 rupt reading for ^t this, as in verse 
 15. It is so read by the Sept. Vulg. 
 Chald. and in 14 MSS. The two 
 letters are very CAsily confounded. 
 
 nn^ according to the Jewish com- 
 mentators, to heal, cure. Once 
 Hos. 5: 13 '^iV2 dS^^ Jitir ilb he 
 will not heal your wounds. The mod- 
 ems, on account of the Syr. toiyv 
 to escape, render this passage, the 
 wouAd will not depart front you, 
 which does not suit the parallel 
 clause. Hence 
 
 iH*^?. f. verbal from Jliia. healing, 
 cure. Prov. 11:22 a joyful heart ^l^'^^, 
 "nT^^^ favours healing or health, i. e.is 
 salutary to the body. Sept. eveanTv 
 nou7. Comp. 16: 24. The mod- 
 
 5 > 
 
 erns, on account of the Arab. ^^^Q^ 
 
 i. q. iS^^^face, countenance, render 
 the passage, makes the countenance 
 serene, but not in accordance with 
 the parallel clause,c?ncs wp the bones. 
 
 iri-^ to bendone^s self down. 2 K. 4: 
 34, 35 V):^j liia-^.^ ""^ ^^ ^^^^ '"'^- 
 self over him to the ground. 1 
 K. 18: 42 M^^N ^^^^2 he bent 
 himself to the ground. So according 
 to the context and the ancient ver- 
 sions. In Arabic, according to 
 Schindler and Calasio, / Q7* '' *^- 
 
 cubuit, incurvaiusfuit^ p^^S^/C in- 
 curvatus. 
 
 1^ m. with suflf. >']n_, t)j5, dec. Vlll.h. 
 i. q. 15, ^5 the 6ac/c.~'^nN ^^buJJl 
 '"M to cast behind himself, to rfe- 
 spise. (See ^"^^plri.) 
 
II. In 15 contraction of T 
 from riN-n. 
 
 'm 
 
 verbal 
 
 1. exaltation. Job 22 
 
 : 29 
 
 ^72Nh1 
 
 In"!-^, then thou sayest^ an 
 
 2. pride^ arrogance. 
 Jer. 13:17. 
 
 eocaltation. 
 Job 33: 17. 
 
 m 118 *^i:i 
 
 15, const, na, with suff. rrtia, n^5, name of a coiz^^ry or narion, as it ap. 
 
 -'. ., , .7 ., */", o"" pears to be in Rev. 20: 8. 
 
 Chald. /ic middle, midst. (In Syr. ^^ Jj. 
 
 V , ,,,. , .,.,-, ^^-^ lo press., i.q. nin no. II. Gen. 49: 
 
 Qv^s^-) With 2, simply in, like jg Hab.3:16. "' 
 
 ^in2,Ezra5:7 m^Z n-nD n^S I. ^Yj, f ^^dy^ Job 20: 25. Kin- 
 
 thus was written therein. 4:15 rr^^a ^^Jf^j^^ n:; and ^,md synonymous 
 
 in t/ie same. 6 : 2 n^J^z ^"'^^ 1?. with n*ia. 
 nsi'^Sl thus was written in this re- 
 cord. (The pronoun n^- is here, 
 as frequently in AVamean, su/Tixed 
 to the preposition, and signities this., 
 the same; e.g. ISnrp nz in the 
 same hour, Dan. 3:6,^*5. 4:30. 5: 5.) 
 Dan. 3:25 N"112 Tia in the Jire. lAb. 
 
 Comp. J<i:,. j-j-j^j Chald. ^jncZe. Dan. 4: 34. [37.] 
 
 *15 m. with suff. ''".n , ^ij , dec. VII. f. ""' >' ^ 
 
 1. the back. Prov. iO: 13. 19: 29. t'^5 i.q. Arab.y^l^ = in:^ /o pasi 
 36:3. Is. 38: 17 'nPN n^D^Uirj ^"D over, to pass beyond. Ps. 90 : 10 
 ^i5t2n-^3, '^la for thou easiest all my 'Ji*')! t^ ""S /or u passes away siid- 
 sins behind thy back, i. e. thou dis- denly. Also caus. like Hiph. Num. 
 regardest them, forgivest them. 11 : 31 d^ti ']72 U^^^t) T^^T and 
 
 2. the middle, i. q. Chald. 13. Job brought quails over from the sea. Sept. 
 30:5 ti^'i;'; 15_ "jTa/rom the midst {of itfne()aGv. Usually derived from 
 men) they are driven. H-J ' *^ (^^e wind) cuts or hurries 
 
 5^15 Chald. i.q. la, i:. f/^e middle,midst. ^^'"^ away from the sea. 
 
 Dan. 3: 2G. 4:7. [10.] ^^^^ m. dec. II. b. a young bird. 
 
 :i\^,the locust, plur.^niA,Am.7:l. ^^^^^' ^2: H. especially a^young 
 
 Nab. 3: 17 "^lin m'r, /ocw^fa locusta- pigeon, Gen. 15:9. (Arab. v3i/y^ 
 
 rwm, a construction like D'^^^p Uinp, p y a 
 
 used here to express the vaVt mul- Syr. by metath. V^ol a young 
 
 titude. (Chald. 5<ni-i, Nsna, plur. pigeon.) 
 
 emph. "^i^Si-T Ps. 105: 34 Targ. as "^f"]^ ^ f.\^y q^ country in northern 
 
 if from a s^ng. "^ni-^.) Bochart (Hie- ''lVIesopotamia,2K. 17: 6. 18: 11. 19: 
 
 roz. 11. p. 443.) compares in Arab. 12. Is. 37 : 12. where it is joined 
 
 . ^ ^ \ ^ I ^^'*^^ Haran and the river Habor; in 
 OV.:i. for (j^\^ locusts, from V/.3. ptolemy Gauzaiiitis, now Kauschan. 
 
 to creep out from the ground, as the TV^^ see H"*-; to break forth. 
 
 young locusts do in the spnng ; ^^^ ^ with suff. ^l^ (Zeph. 2:9.) 
 
 comp. in Ethiop. DnSN locusts from p^^^^, ^^. const. '^-15. 
 
 t:l3 to creep out from the ground. ' . ** xu -i * 
 
 . r ./ a j^ people, nation, in the widest 
 
 !^15 proper name. Ezek. 38: 3,14 ff. sense, and of general application. 
 
 39: 11. prince of the people of Ma- Spoken of the Israelites, Deut. 32: 
 
 gog, which, according to Ezek. 43. Poetically of troops or swarms 
 
 xxxvm. XXXIX. was to invade Israel of certain animals ; e. g. of locusts, 
 
 from the north, and there suffer a Joel 1:6. comp. n:f Prov. 30:25,26. 
 
 defeat. See aiii?3. The eastern and Hom, Iliad, ii.l37. 
 
 writers have much to say concern- 2. especially /orei^nnaf ion*, na- 
 
 ing Gog, which with them is the tions not Hebrew^ i.q. ra td^vrj , gen- 
 
^15 
 
 119 
 
 ma 
 
 tes,m ecclesiastical usage. Gen. 10: 
 6, 32. Neh. 5: 8. often in the sense 
 of enemies^ barbarians^ Pg. 9: 6, 16, 
 20, 21. 10: 16. 59: 6, 9. b-^^a 
 l3']ia!rT Galilee of the gentiles, Is. 9: 1. 
 (In Rabbin, "^n , rt;^i.n denotes one 
 not a Jew, a heathen or Christian.) 
 3. Gen. 14:1. Josh. 12: 23. the 
 proper name of a people, of whose 
 residence nothing further is known. 
 
 in;p f. dec. X. 
 
 i. body, Dan. 10:6. Gen. 47: 18 
 
 there is nothing left, JlinM.'V Dt? Tlbz 
 ^Sna^^T except our body, i. e. our 
 person, and our land. Neh. 9 : 37 
 
 ^2n;jin:3nn W'ht'^ ^^n/'^n b? they 
 
 have dominion over our bodies and 
 over our cattle. 
 
 2. dead body^ carcass, corpse, of 
 men or animals. Judg. 14 : 8, 9. 1 
 Sam. 31 : 10, 12. Nah.3: 3. (Syr. 
 
 f e 7 
 
 iAQyv venter.) 
 r'n^ see b'^ij to rejoice. 
 nPl5, rarely Tlbj, strictly part. Kal 
 
 fem. from Sibi (o emicrrate. 
 
 T T <3 
 
 1. emigration, removal, cap- 
 tivity. Jibl-n^l iy till the captivi- 
 ty, 1 Chr.5:22. tibinrj ^):'2 furniture 
 
 for travelling,Ezek.\2:'7 . nbi^ln N2i*, 
 ^'^In to go into exile or captivity, 
 Jer!29:16. 48:7, 11. 49: 3. ^zz 
 iTtbi-IH exiles, also those returned 
 
 from exile, Ezra 4 : 1. 6: 19, 20. 
 10:7. 
 
 2. the emigrants themselves^ cap' 
 tives. Est. 2:6. Jer. 28: 6. Ezek. 1: 
 1. 3: 11, 15. 11 : 24, 25. also those 
 who have returned from captiv- 
 
 ity, Ezra 10,: 8 ^T^inJl blnp the 
 congregation of those that had been 
 carried away. 
 
 |"1^15 a city in Bashan or Batanea, 
 afterwards belonging to the tribe 
 of Manasseh. Deut. 4: 43. Josh. 20: 
 8. 21:27, (where the Kethib has 
 pb.n.) 1 Chr. 6: 56. Eusebius writes 
 it (according to the Syriac pronun- 
 ciation,) Favlajv, and calls it a 
 
 great place in Batanea. It gave 
 name to the province of Gaulonitis, 
 which, however, Josephus distin- 
 guishes from Batanea, and places to 
 the west of the same, immediately 
 on the Jordan. Its capital he calls 
 ravkdv7] , J. A. viii. 2. J. B. i. 4. ii. 
 25. III. 2. See Reland's Palaestina.p. 
 199, 318. 
 
 yiD'^!^ ra. pit. Once Ecc. 10 : 8. (la 
 Syr. idem. In Chald. also written 
 with 3 and p.) 
 
 5^*^ 5, fut. ^']i,^. to breathe out one^s 
 life, to expire, die, i. q. ni73. Gen. 
 6:17.7:21. Num. 17:27. 20:3. 
 Sometimes joined with n^^i Gen. 
 25: 8 DSinni< n?2^} 5?i:j^T and A- 
 braham expired and died, verse 17* 
 35: 29. 
 
 iTj'^^ found only in Hiph. to close. Neh. 
 7: 3. (Arab. conj. IV. idem, and in 
 Syr. Ethpa. pass.) 
 
 tlS'^ii f. dec. X. body, corpse. 1 Chr. 
 5 c^ 
 10: 12. (Arab. lJ%> belbj, 
 
 -f 
 
 ^SX^^ corpse.) 
 
 1. ^^'^ 1. to sojourn, to dwell any 
 where for a time, to live as not at- 
 home. Gen. 12:10. 19:9. 20:1. 
 Judg. 17:7. 19:1. Ruth 1:1. Is.ll: 
 6. The person with whom one re- 
 sides is preceded by D^, Gen. 32: 5, 
 byni<{, Ex. 12: 19. or'stands in the 
 accus" Ps. 120: 5 ^p^, ""ril^ ^3 that 
 
 1 dwell with Mesech, i. e. with the 
 
 Moschians. Job 19: 15 Ti^i "^^^i 
 f 
 
 those who dwell in my house, the in- 
 mates of my family., inquilini met. 
 Ex. 3: 22 rrn'^S D^a the lodger in 
 her house. The accusative also de- 
 notes the place, Is. 33: 14 ^r,^'^ "^^ 
 Jlb;3i5 'ij^< nsb ^ho can dwell with 
 the devouring fire ? niJl"; blTlfi^n l^^ii 
 to dwell in the tabernacle of Jehovah, 
 i. e. to visit it uninterruptedly, to be, 
 as it were, an inmate of God, and 
 enjoy his protection. Ps. 15: 1: (39. 
 13?) 61:5. The name of God is al- 
 so put in the accus. 5: 5 '^j*).^"; ^^b 
 
113 
 
 120 
 
 ta 
 
 V"^ the wicked shall not dwell with en of the young of a jackal. (Syr. 
 
 thee. {InArdb.A:^ conj. III. to live 'Ho^, '''*'^'^c:^, ^'^''W' ^^^^' 
 any where as a guest ; with an ac- 5 c 
 
 cus. to be on hospitable terms with (Jr^ ^ young lion^ or dog^ applied 
 any one. Hence ^XJ) j^\p^ to be ^Irfo to other animals, especially to 
 on intimate terms with (xod^to be ar- beasts of prey. Bocharti Hieroz. i. 
 dently devoted to him.) p. 714.) 
 
 Deriv. out of course -,?., I-?, ^,-,1,5 m. plur. nir-;ia,prim.dec.II.b. 
 
 lot. (The i>rmiary signification 
 
 2. to gather together, to assemble. 
 (So the Jewish commentators and 
 the Chaldaic version. The synony- 
 mous word in Arabic (,^Jy signifies 
 in conj. I. to reside, to dwell, in conj. 
 V. to assemble in one place.) Ps. 56: 
 7 r;72i7 ^S^d::^ ^"^^^l ihey assemble 
 and lie in wait. 59 : 4. ^"b^ ^'n^'' 
 D'^ty the mighty gather themselves to- 
 gether against me. Perhaps transi- 
 tively Ps. 140: 3 m'y^nbTS ri^r\^^ 
 they gather up contentions. Or 11 -i 
 in this last passage is i. q. ^n.'\ ; 
 hence they excite contentions. Is. 
 54: 15. 
 
 Deriv. rt^^i:;^. 
 
 Hithpo. I^ri.^nrr 1. to reside,\.q. 
 Kal. IK. 17:20. " ' 
 
 2. to assemble. Hos. 7:14. See 
 Kal no. 2. 
 
 n. "1^5 also V^ 1"^"^ (Job 19:29.) 
 1. to be afraid, i. q. ^^^ and' 
 
 Arab, rr*"^- ^t is construed with "j^a, 
 
 Job 41: 17. with ^z^12 , Num 22: 3. 
 
 a small stone, as is used for casting 
 
 lots, is found in the Arab. J/-^ <^ 
 
 stone.) The phrases formed with 
 this word are '^rni^n il'n'^, InT' to 
 cast lots., Josh. 18: 6. Joel 4: 3. So 
 with T^Vuiri, Josh. 18: 8 ff. with 
 ^*>Sl-r, Neli. 10:34. with b^DH. Prov. 
 16: 33. with in;, Lev. 16: s/On the 
 contrary ^^ b'^'iJJ nb^, Lev. 6:9. or 
 b. Nij; , Josh. 19: 1 fF. the lot falls to 
 any one, i.e. the lot of any one comes 
 out (of the shaken urn.) The thing, 
 about which lots are cast, is pre- 
 ceded by bi* , Ps. 22: 19. Joel 3: 8. 
 Obad. 11. 
 
 2. that which falls to any one by 
 lot ; e. g. his inheritance, Judg. 1: 3 
 come up with me into my lot. Ps. 16: 
 5. 125:3. Is. 57: 6. 
 
 3. /o^, cZcs/inw, in general. Jer.l3: 
 25. Is. 17: H.*" Dan. 12: 13 l72yni 
 M^li-lb and thou shalt stand up to re- 
 ceive thy lot, namely, in the Mes- 
 siah's kingdom. Comp. Acts. 26:18. 
 Col. 1: 12. Rev. 20:6. 
 
 Dout. 1:17. 9:19. 18:22. with an 
 
 ace. Deut. 32:27. Judg. 5:17 )y "d^S found only Job 7:5. a clod of 
 
 m'n:i< ^^:^1 Si'^b and Dan, where- earth, i. q. Chahl. {^UJn5. In Kethib 
 
 fore fears he the Qiosiile) ships ? 
 (Sept. Vulg. Lnth. according to no. 
 I. wherefore dwells Dan (^quietly) in 
 his ship si unaptly as this tribe is not 
 situated on the sea coast. 
 
 2. to fear, reverence, worship. 
 Ps. 22 : 24. 33 : 8. 
 Deriv. 17:^73 , Ji^^n?3. 
 
 1*15 m. plur. n"'n^:\ and nil^.T, a 
 young animal, a whelp, cub., catu- 
 
 wortne and clods of dust clothe my 
 body. The latter is here applied 
 figuratively to the dirty colour and 
 scabby appearance of the sick per- 
 son. 
 
 i^^ m. with suff. "'T-m, plur.C^ir,, verbal 
 from n3, dec. Vlll. b. 
 
 3. the shearing, wool shorn off. 
 
 his. Usually in the connexion, -iri.n ^^'^^6, vellus. Deut. 18:4 '^rX^Ta the 
 rt^'^nJ^ a young lion, Gen. 49:9. E- shearing of thy sheep. Job 31: 20. 
 '^ak'.'ld: 3 fl'. but in Lam. 4: 3, spok- See t-;t:i,. 
 
Tt^ 
 
 121 
 
 !U 
 
 2. the mowing of meadows. Ps.72. 
 6. Am. 7 : 1 rj^.72.rT "^n the king's 
 mowings. 
 
 *)!2T!j Heb. and Chald. treasurer. Ezra 
 1: 8. Plur. I'^'liTa , Ezra 7: 21. and 
 with the flat pronunciation, 1''^^n'ia, 
 
 Dan. 3:2,3. (In Syr. ]f :2>Ut^and 
 ^o\.A.^K. . In Pers. 
 
 ffOUv^, also 
 
 ^ 
 
 nlysriA^ i ganjwar idem.) It is 
 compounded of T5 contraction of T:.^. 
 treasure, royal income, and the Pers. 
 termination ^aor 'm; comp. ^^tri- 
 The first word is properly Shemit- 
 ish, but was adopted very early by 
 the Persians ; hence the ancient 
 writers quote it as Persian. See 
 for example Quint. Curt. lu. 13. 5. 
 
 I. nt^ prob. i. q. J A^ to recompense, 
 and also (like the synonymes *^^.^ , 
 
 (jfo) to bestow benefits. Ps. 71: 6 
 'Tia !nnJ< '/SN ^^1272 from the womb 
 of my mother thou hast been my ben- 
 efactor. Sept. (SKtnuQirig, Syr. fi- 
 dacia mea. It is usually derived 
 from T^a transiit, here taken tnins- 
 itirely, (as in Num. 11:31.) from 
 my mother'^s womb thou hast taken 
 me. So the Chald. 
 
 II. riT!^ to work on stone, wood, as in 
 Aram. See rT^TS. 
 
 Hl^ fern, of Ta , dec. X. the shearing, 
 wool shorn off, fleece, vellus, i. q. t5. 
 Judg.6:37flf. 
 
 TT3i, fut. Ti"^, intin. Tta. 
 
 1. <o shear sheep. Gen. 31: 19. 
 38:12,13. 1 Sam. 25:4, 7. 
 
 2. to shear or poll the hair of the 
 
 10.) which is not unsuitcd to the 
 context. 
 n'^T^ f. verbal from obs. nt.n no. II. 
 
 1. the hewing of stones ; hence 
 n'^]^ *iiN hewn stones, square stones. 
 lie 5: 17. 
 
 2. without ^:ij^, hewn stones. Ex. 
 20:25. Am. 5:1 1.' I K. 6: 36. 7:9, 
 11,12. 
 
 !?T5 , fut. IrtV.- (In Syr. by metath. 
 
 1. to tear away any thing, to take 
 away by violence. 2 Sam. 23 : 21 he 
 plucked the spear out of the hand of 
 the Egyptian. Gen. 31 : 31/or I fear- 
 ed, thou mightest take away thy daugh- 
 ters from me. Deut. 28: 31. Job 20: 
 19. 24: 19 '^IZVI ^"^tr tDh Di 51*^ 
 iV'iL' drought and heat carry off the 
 snow water. Mic. 2: 2. 
 
 2. to pull off^ to strip off., to flay. 
 Mic. 3: 2 bn"^;.?.^^ d^iy "^^u^who 
 strip off their skin from them, i. e. 
 oppress them. 
 
 3. to rob, take away, carry off\ 
 Lev. 5:23. [6:4.] Judg. 21: 23. Job 
 24 : 2. 's Uc'lJtJ bti; to take away 
 one's right, Is. 10: 2. comp. Ecc. 
 5:7. 
 
 4. with an accug. of the person, 
 to rob or plunder any one. Judg. 9: 
 25. 21:23. Ps. 35: 10. 
 
 5. to oppress, take advantage of 
 i. q. ptv. Lev. 19:13. Prov. 22: 22. 
 
 r]^ m. const. rT5, verbal from "bta , 
 dec. V. c. robbery, plunder, spoil. 
 Lev. 5: 21. [6: 2.] Ezek. 18:18. 22: 
 29. Ecc. 5: 7. 
 
 J~T!J fem. of Vya, dec. X. trfem. 
 Lev. 5:23. [6:4.] Is. 3 : 14 n^ts 
 
 "'lyil the spoil of the poor. 
 head, as a sig-n of mourning. Job 1: St^ a species of locust, Joel 1 : 4. 2: 
 20. Mic. 1: 16. y.^ ^^ ^.g ^j^^ ^j^,^j^ ^^j g 
 
 render it Nrftt, ^QAii) the young 
 unfledged locust, bruchus, which is 
 
 3. to mow corn, as in Arabic. See 
 ta no. 2. 
 
 Niph. to be cut off, or destroyed, 
 by enemies, (comp. the figure Is. 
 7: 20.) Nah. 1: 12 ?iTi:;D i/te^ are cut 
 off. The Chald. and some MSS. 
 read ^Ti;: from T^a (as in Ps. 90: 
 16 
 
 very suitable to the passage in Jo- 
 el, where the t3Ta begins its rava- 
 ges before the loVust. Sept. napni]. 
 Vulg. eruca. The root Dt5, in Arab. 
 
nT:\ 122 in:^ 
 
 and iQ the Talmud, to cut off, is kin- -j^^ ^ Levilical city, on the western 
 dred with CDS. V ^ ^ . , .^ rr. i. 
 
 border oi the tribe ol Lphnum, not 
 
 ^'I^. m. with suff. ii?Ta, stock, or stump f.^j. from Bethhoron, anciently the 
 of a tree that hatli been cut down. residence of a Canaanitish king. 
 Is. 11:1. 40:24. Job 14: 0. (In Syr. Josh. 10: 33. 12:12. 1G:3, 10. 21: 
 f^lQ^ idem; Arab. . .:^ Vlli. to ^1. Judg. 1: 29. 1 Chr. 14: 16. Sol- 
 ^^ CfJ* omon rebuilt Jt alter it was destroy- 
 
 er^^ wjood from a tree.) ed by the Egyptians, 1 K. 9: 16, 17. 
 
 115 ^"*- ^' ^"^ ^' Pr^per'y to cut, di- in ^ ^^'^c- 8= ^^i it is called rdCvQ<^. 
 vide. Particularly 2 1T3 plur. divided parts, pieces, 
 
 1. to cut asunder, to divide. IK. ;J,;^^ Gon. 15: 17. Ps. 136: 13 
 3:25,26. Ps.l36:13 ^,0 DZ ^Ti^ r,ko divided the sea of reeds into 
 who divided the sea of reeds. (two) parts. 
 
 2. to fell trees. 2 K. 6: 4. Hence h-.i.- ^ ,^ ,,^^ , ^ 
 ny;,72 L axe. ^1.^. ^' (26 MSS. n^^T^ ) Lev. 16: 
 
 3.' to eat, devour, vorare. Is. 9: 19. 22 JriTi; y^wN bi^. *w^o ^^ser< 
 
 with a fut. "it^\ In Arab, by me- land, i. q. "nzl^a , by which word it 
 
 tath. J^fT*'' appears to be afterwards explained. 
 
 4. tigurntively to decide, resolve, ^ept. y,? /Jro?. ^ Vulg. <err soli- 
 (the prevailing signification in Ar- iaria. ( Syr. nVv*^^ sterilis ; Arab. 
 amean.) Job 22: 28. with a fut. 5cv 
 
 "^J^^ by metath. /v^ unfruitful land. 
 
 5. intrans. fo decrease, to fail, c?e- 5 x x 
 ficere. Hab. 3: 17 "jN^ii lni-:D7::73 ^T.'i Others compare the Arab, ^rrtr^ 
 the cattle fails in the folds ^^ ^,/^^^ j^jso ^^ ,-^;^^^ ^^ ^^ J^.^^^ 
 
 Niph. 1. <o 6e separated, excluded. i,, ^ ^,^ of sand, an oasis.) 
 2Chr.26:21 ^iri-y n^zJ2 ^n: ''S ^-.^ ^ ^. . , , . . r^ . . 
 7 / J ;> * .7*'/ ~'*Vr* n- i.Chald. (ivith Tsen impure.) 
 
 /te t2;rts excluded from the house of Je- -r- : ^ r J 
 
 hovah. Ps. 88:6 !1^T:.: ^.T^^ ^-^^^''' ^' '^^^''^^' I^^"' 4' i'*' t^'^-l (S)'^'' 
 
 and they (the dead) are removed jZfJl-vv^O Comp. "iT^ no. 4. 
 from thy hand, i. e. from thy protec- 2. r/;e thing decreed or appointed. 
 
 tion. Is. 53 : 8 taken az<oay from the Dun. 4:21. 124.1 
 land of the living. .-.,__ __ 
 
 2. io 6e c? 0^, destroyed, to per- ^7V: ^- <^<^c. X. I. body, br east. ^Lnm. 
 ish. Lam. 3: 54 "^nn li: / am undone. ^.^ ^ 
 Ezek. 37: 1 1 ,z\ ^^I-l? ^^ cire de^ ^^ ^- (^" ^^^^^- ^3^ "letath.^^.) 
 5<roi/cd!, (n2b is here a pleonastic Others: appearance. Ifso, wemay 
 
 ji^f ^ r .1,^ \ compare mitp appearance, forrn. 
 
 dative ot the pronoun.) ^ l^- '^ 1 j t 
 
 3. pass, of Kal no. 4. Est. 2: I. ^^^^ ^^?Jo cut; and French taille. 
 
 nt^ ru \A nil. .7- 2. an expression in architecture* 
 
 li-^ Chald. as m Heb. 1. to cut, di- ,, ^ ^ . r i u ! 
 
 , , the exact meaning ot which is not 
 
 vide, separate See Ithpe. k^o^y^^^ Ezek. 41: 1215. 42: 1,10, 
 
 2. to decide, appoint, fix. Comp. jg^ 
 
 t^^'^tn /aie, also the influence of the w^.^.^ 
 
 st^ upon it; ^i^nr 0/ rfmna- i^:< "' P'^P^^ "^'"^ ^^ ^ P^P^ 
 
 n'on, astrology, {nuineri Babylonii, "P"" whom David made war, be- 
 
 Hor. Od. I. 11, 2.) Part. plur. tween Shur and Egypt. 1 Sam. 
 
 y^}\ Dan. 2, 27. 5: 11. diviners, 27:8. 
 
 astrologers. 1*^^^ ^' ^^^' ^^^' ^- ^e%?or under part 
 
 Ithpe. to he detached, separated. of the body, o{ re])ii\es. Gen. 3: 14. 
 Dan. 2: 34, 35. 
 
n'^a 
 
 123 
 
 b^i 
 
 Lev. 11: 42. In Chald. 'jlna to stoop, 
 to bow. So in German, bauch {belly) 
 and sich biicken {to stoop) are et- 
 ymologicaliy connected. 
 
 ri^n5 f. Plur. d-^^na, const. ^V.tl-i; 
 burning coals. Ps. 1 8 : 9. Pro v. 25 : 
 
 22 TCi<h :'j iinh -plN a'^:ri^. ^3 
 
 ybr f AoM shall heap coals of jire upon 
 his head, i. e. shame and repentance 
 shall burn him, like coals on his 
 head. (comp. Rom. 12: 20.) 
 
 ^^ const, ^i;, and i^']^ const. N"a ; 
 Plur. m^^5 (read*nii<;i\) 2K. 2:16 
 Kethib, but in Keri, and in other 
 places by metath. nn^^?.^ (q. v.) 
 before suff. ^pnivX^^ ; com. gen. 
 (generally masc.) valley. The He- 
 brews appear to have discriminated 
 betweenthi? and several otherwords 
 usually rendered valley; for to the 
 same place they uniformly apply the 
 same name. The distinction may 
 have been this ; "^^ a valley "without 
 a brook ; ^n3 valley with a brook ; 
 p^i? and il^jps n low plain. The 
 following places bear the name "^5 
 or i^-^a ; (1.) Din-]2, Dirr ^^-^.n vaf- 
 ley of Hinnom, of the son of Hinnoin, 
 on the southeastern side of Jerusa- 
 lem, consecrated to Moloch. Josh. 
 15: 8. 18: 16. 2 Chr. 28: 3. 33:6. 
 Jer. 7: 32. (2.) nb^. "5 the valley of 
 salt, in the neighbourhood of the 
 Dead Sea. 2 Sam. 8:13. 2 K. 14:7. 
 1 Chr. 19: 12. (3.) D^S?n^^ ^n {val- 
 ley of beasts of prey) once 1 Sam. 13: 
 
 5 5 c^ 5 5 
 
 18. (Arab. ^ ^2. and ^ ^2k^ low 
 
 ground where water collects, ^i^^ 
 
 broad valley, plain.) 
 
 Note. i>{i5 occurs once in the ab- 
 solute state, "Zech. 14: ]. and j^":; Is. 
 40:4. 
 
 i'^'\ m. dec. I. nerve, tendon. Gen. 32. 
 33. Job 10: 11. 40:17. (In Syr. and 
 Chald. idem.) 
 
 T\^^ and n'^^, fut. n'^:i\ 
 
 1. to break or burst forth ; e.g. as 
 
 a stream, Job 40: 23. In Syr. *--*ss. 
 idem. In Chald. Ini3 signities espe- 
 cially to rush forth to battle. So E- 
 zek. 32: 2 "T^^m^lrTra mni thou 
 rushtst forth {to battle) down thy 
 streams, per flumina cum impetuftr' 
 ebaris. Applied also to a child's 
 breaking forth from the womb, Job 
 38:8. 
 
 2. transit, to draw forth from the 
 womb, and, spoken of the mother, 
 to bring forth, to be in labour, Ps.22: 
 10 'js^ "Jp.?^ ''n.^ nni< thou drew- 
 est me from my inothtr''s womb. Mic. 
 4: 10. )^^z ni "TlAT "^'p^H tremble, 
 be in labour, O daughter of Zion. 
 
 Hi ph. intrans. to arise, or rush 
 forth, from an ambush. Judg. 20:33. 
 
 n'^5 or n^- Chald. Aph. to break 
 forth, spoken of the winds. Dan. 
 
 7: 2. 
 
 prr^Ij proper name ; (literally a 
 stream from rit.n no. 1. comp. 
 ^1.311.5.21. or (j^T^^.a term 
 applied to several Asiatic rivers, 
 as the Ganges, Araxes ; and used 
 by way of eminence for the latter. 
 See Michaelis Suppll. ad Lexx. 
 lieb. p. 297.) 
 
 1 . a water course near Jerusalem, 
 otherwise called nV*^ IK. 1:33. 
 2Chr. 32:30. 33: 14.' 
 
 2. one of the four rivers of par- 
 adise. Gen. 2:13. From what is 
 said above, it is usually supposed to 
 
 ,be the Oxus or Araxes ; but in that 
 case 'j;^^ must be taken in an unus- 
 ual acceptation. Josephus consid- 
 ers it the Mle, (J. A. i. 1. 3.) and 
 this river is said to be called Gityoa 
 by the Abyssinians. The writer of 
 Gen. II. would appear then to have 
 selected four large streams, (the 
 Nile, Tigris, Euphrates, and prob- 
 ably the Ganges.) as specimens of 
 the mighty rivers which God orig- 
 ina.iy formed. 
 
 I. ^"^^ and ^15 (Prov. 23: 24 Keth.) 
 to rejoice, exult, with a more intense 
 sij>'nificalion than r^'i". Job 3: 22 
 
h 
 
 124 
 
 ^7j 
 
 ^^5 '"bjt dTjl^.^pil who rejoice even 
 to exultation. The object of joy 
 sttmds with 2, Ps. 9: 15. 13: 6. 21: 
 2. 149 : 2. With b? , Zeph. 3: 17. 
 Hos. 10: 5. nin^S b^.'i, to rejoice 
 in God, Ps. 89: 17. 18.29:19. 41:16. 
 
 9:10 d^^r^b S^.buJi^"^ riwNr "^nn: / 
 
 will make Jerusalem ruins. 51: 37. 
 
 2. running spring. Ecc. 4: 12. Job 
 8: 17. In the plur. waves of the sea^ 
 Ps. 42:8. 89:10. 107:25,29. (Syr. 
 
 JJvt Jluctns, unda.) 
 
 til: 10. Spoken also of inanimate . 
 
 nature, 1 Chr. 16: 31. Ps. 96 : 11. a^ m. dec. Vlll. d. oU-cruise, oil-ves- 
 (The original idea probably wns to sel, i. q. j^Vfi no. 2. Zech. 4: 2. 
 jump round., to leap for joy^ comp. ^1,;. t-lL,^ 
 
 Arab. Jlq^ to move in a circle.) ^V^ ^^ ^^^ ^^ ^ ^^^^^^^ j,^^^ .^ j 
 H- ^\n fo/car, io reverence, (like the ^^g^^^^ ^^^^ ^ ^^^^^. ^^^,j^ ^,^^ 
 
 Arab. V.^^ to tremble.^ to fear.) Ps. idem.) 
 2:11 m>^n il:^\ fear with trem- <--^^.': P 
 
 hUng. Hos. 10:5. So the Heb.^:i5, 
 l;,"! corresponds to the Arab. 
 
 r'^^ m. verbal from b'^s, dec. I. a. 
 
 1. joy, exultation. Ps. 45: 16. 65: 
 13. 
 
 2. a'^e. o-aneration. Dan. 1 : 10 
 
 "6^1 c' 
 
 t!Db'^:*3 ^ij^{ 0^"]^";:] young peo- 
 
 5 o f 
 
 pie of your age. In Arab. jV'S-^ 
 generalio., in Samar. h'^'^ generatio, 
 leias. (This meaning is connect- 
 
 ed with that of the Arab. JV.!iw to 
 
 move in a circle ; comp. ^ii genera- 
 tion, which has a similar origin.) 
 
 1*?^:^ fern, of b"^-^., dec. X. exultation. 
 
 Is 35: 2 
 
 n"V^< 
 
 ^jP'^^see 
 
 '^^''\ m. Is. 27: 9. chalk, lime. Arab. 
 
 "l'^^_ Chald. ic?em. Dan. 5: 5. 
 
 "1^^^ i. q. ^!} a stranger. 2 Chr.2:16. 
 
 L^^^ see ^a^"^^ a clod of earth. 
 
 r^ m. plur. D"'b3, verbal from b^^ ^o 
 roll, dec. Vlll.'h. 
 
 1. a heap, especially a heap of 
 stones, with and without f:Si<. Gen. 
 3!: 46 ff. Josh. 7: 26. Is. 25: *2. In 
 the plur. heaps of stones, rmns, Jer. 
 
 proper name of a chain of 
 mountains in the tribe of Issachar, 
 upon which king Saul was slain 
 by the Philistines. 1 Sam. 28 : 
 4. 31 : 1. 2 Sam. 1 : 6, 21. At its 
 foot rises the fountain Tubania. In 
 Josephus, reX6ovi, IVSot. 
 
 "ITjiT^? plur. d'^'^i^ba, verbal frombb-^, 
 dec. VIII. f. "" 
 
 1. wheel. Is. 5:28. Ezek. 10:2, 
 6. 23:24. 26: 10. a wheel to draw 
 water with, F.cc. 12: 6. 
 
 2. whirltk}ind. Ps. 77: 19. Ezek. 
 
 10:13. (Syr. '(.\,;^!:x^.) Hence 
 
 3. things driven about by a whirl- 
 wiiid, chaff, stubble. Ps. 83: 14 TlbN 
 
 babas ''^0.'''4^ "*i/ ^^(^^ make them as 
 the whirlwind ; parall. as stubble be- 
 fore the wind. Is. 17: 18 *::':? b.^ba3 
 ITJC^O as dust before the whirlwind. 
 Parall. y7a. (Aram. P^i , Jtbii dust, 
 stubble driven about by the wind ; 
 
 Arab. \^ idem.) 
 b^hj Chald. wheel. Dan. 7: 9. 
 
 ^5r5 m. verbal from bba , dec. II. b. 
 ' * le wheel. Is. 28:28. ' 
 
 2. proper name of a place on 
 the cast of Jericho and on this side 
 of Jordan. Josh. 4: 19, 20. 9:6. 10: 
 6. 14:6. Its etymology from bba , 
 is given Josh. 5: 9. lu subsequent 
 times it was the seat of idolatry, 
 Hos. 4: 15. Am. 5: 5. It is called 
 
rh^ 
 
 125 
 
 rh^ 
 
 >5h.^ n"^2, Neh. 12:29. and TaA- 
 ylcXa, 1 Mac. 9: 2. 
 npi^.5 f. verbal from Ir^.n , dec. XIII. 
 e. the human scull, froai its spherical 
 shape. 2 K. 9: 35. It is used to de- 
 note an individual^ (as we use the 
 term poll^ head^) Ex. 16: 16 ^"ny 
 nb.nVfib an omer a head., or for an 
 individual. Num. 1 : 2 ^^T'-^S 
 
 TT T 
 
 Dn^ilbjl? every male according to 
 their' poib. verses 18, 20, 22. 3: 47. 
 In Rabbin. n!:rb5n P|D3 poll-tax. 
 
 In Syr. jA-^Ovj^j^ (b being omit- 
 ted) a scull. In Arab, still more 
 
 contracted ^JSnX:^ idem. In the 
 name Folyod^u^ Matt. 27: 33, there 
 is a similar omission of the second 
 
 lbr, with suff. *^-lrij , dec. VI. h. hide, 
 skin. (In Arab, and Aram, idem.) 
 Job 16: 15. 
 
 I. n"75, fut. InV.^";, apoc. V5\ <o un- 
 corej', open, disclose, reveal. (Arab. 
 ^^ idem.) In Kal, for the most 
 part in a fioryrative sense, particu- 
 larly, (1.) 'd "ilit? nbs to uncover or 
 open the ear of any one, i. e. to re- 
 veal something to him. 1 Sam. 9: 
 15. 20 : 2 my father does nothing 
 great or small, i:tN DN nbs"^ i^V") 
 which he has not revealed to me. ver- 
 ses 12, 13. 22: 8, 17. 2 Sam. 7 : 20. 
 Ruth 4 : 4. Also spoken of God in 
 a somewhat different sense, Job 3G: 
 10 ^0^72? djti^ b?."*.! he openeth their 
 ear to correction* verse 16. 33: 16. 
 (2.) ^TD tlb^ to reveal a secret. Am. 
 3: 7. Prov. 20: 19. Part. ""Vrs open, 
 spoken of a book. Jer. 32: 11, 14. 
 Pi. !-iVa , fut. ^\^-] , apoc. ^57- 
 1 . to uncover, make bare. Ruth 3: 
 4, 7 'J'^n'b-^*^?? b^ri^ she uncovered a 
 place at his feet. fi'^ii ^I'l^ i^'^^. ^^ 
 uncover the nakedness of a woman, 
 applied to sexual intercourse, 
 particularly that which is incestu- 
 ous, Lev. 18 : 6 ff. 20: 11 ff.~Hos. 
 2: 12. [10.] Mic. 1:6 tl't^H ^T"lb'1 
 
 a?id her foundations I will make harty 
 (through her destruction.) 
 
 2. when construed with an accu- 
 sative of the garment or covering, 
 to uncover, remove, take off. Deut.22: 
 30 vni ^'JD mV.5; i^bl and he shall 
 not remove the covering, i. e. the bed 
 covering, o/Zti^/af/'ier. 27:20. (both 
 in the sense explained under no. 1.} 
 Is. 22: 8. 47: 2 ^n722i ^\^ uncover or 
 remove thy veil. Nab. 3:5. Job 41:5. 
 
 3. 'd '2*'3> DNI. nV.\ to open the 
 eyes of any one, (spoken of God,) 
 i. e. to let one see what he other- 
 wise would not have seen, particu- 
 larly what is concealed from mor- 
 tal eyes. Num. 22: 31 then opened 
 Jehovah the eyes of Balaam, and he 
 saw the angel of Jthovah stand in the 
 way. 24:4, 16. Ps. 119: 18. See a 
 similar phrase under rj^s. 
 
 4. figuratively to discover, dis- 
 close, reveal. Job 20: 27. Ps. 98: 2 
 before the eyes of the nations he re- 
 veals his righteousness. Is. 16: 3 *Tl'3 
 'bip i^b the fugitive thou shalt not 
 discover, i.e. betray. 26 :21. Prov. 
 11:13. 25: 9. Construed with ^y , 
 Lam. 2:14. 
 
 5. to cause to appear, to bring up- 
 on any one Jer. 33 : 6 Dlrib "'n'^bs 
 aib*t2J ri'^.ny / bring upon them abun- 
 dance of prosperity. 
 
 Pu. pass. Nab. 2: 8. 
 
 Niph. tib^: , infin. absol. llV^?. 
 
 1. to be uncovered, made bare. Ex. 
 20:26. Ezek. 13: 14. Job 38: 17. 
 Re Hex. to make one's self bare. 2 
 Sam. 6: 20. 
 
 2. to be removed,taken off. J ev. IS: 
 21 !]''b^UJ "b^D thy trains or trails 
 are removed. 
 
 3. to reveal or shew one''$ self, to 
 appear. 1 Sam. 14: 8 behold^ we will 
 pass over to the men Wn^b^^ ^:'^1:5j'^, 
 and show ourselves to them, verse 11. 
 Gen. 35: 1 for there had God appear- 
 edtohim. 1 Sam. 2:27. 3:21. Ezek. 
 16:57. 
 
 4. to be revealed, 1 Sam. 3 : 7. 
 Dan. 10: I. Is. 53: 1. to be manifest 
 
n^:^ 
 
 126 
 
 ^b^ 
 
 or known^ Ezek. 21 : 29. [24.] Is. 
 22: 14. 
 
 Hithpa. 1. to uncover ons's self. 
 Gen. 9:21. 
 
 2. 10 reveal one'' s self. Prov. 18:2. 
 
 II. nP-* (in Arab. ^ and ^^X 
 
 fut. nb^*) , apoc. b;;"]. 
 
 1 . to remove^ emigrate^ go into ex- 
 ile or captivity. Ezek. 12:3. for the 
 most part spoken of whole nations, 
 2 K. 1 7 : 23 and Israel was carried 
 away out of his land into Assyria. 24: 
 14. 25:21. Is. 5:13. 
 
 2. figuratively to disappear.^ van- 
 ish^ cease. 1 Sam. 4:21, 22 
 
 D*^Pl V-\ p^ur. masc. a nick-name or 
 word of derision for idols, perhaps 
 logs., blocks^ (from hb^ to roll.) Lev. 
 26:30. Deut. 29: 17." Of frequent 
 occurrence, especially in Ezekiel, 
 chap. 6: 4, 5, 9, 13. 14:3. 20:17. 
 23 : 7. According to the Jewish 
 commentators : sordidi^ siercorei 
 (from rb5 stercus.) According to 
 others : tJiegreat^ mighty, (from ^V^, 
 which in Arab, signities to be great, 
 mighty.) 
 
 ulP5 m. verbal from Db-'s, dec. I. man- 
 tle^ robe., covering. Ezek 27 : 24. 
 
 (Chald. D^5 , N?3^i:5 , ^^72b^r. idem.) 
 
 glory is 
 
 departed or ceased from Israel. Is. n*^^n j nsn / -.u rr ' i 
 
 24: 11 r-^t^^^ ^^i^^53 llU the mirth ^^^l ^"^ ^-^ ^^'^^ ^^"^^^^ ''^' 
 
 of the land las ceased. 38: 12. f "l"^) ^^f^^' ^'^"^ ^vi "' "' ^'*^^ 
 
 Niph, pass, of Miph. of course ^' '* '^' ^^-'^^' 
 
 i. q. Kal. Is. 38: 12. 
 
 Hiph. M^^}-i and n'r^n , fut. apoc. 
 ^^.^.^ fo carr^ a [)eopIe into captivity. 
 2 K. 15:29. 17:6, 11,27. 18:11. 
 
 Hoph. i. q. Ka!. Est. 2: 6. etc. 
 
 Deriv. i-i'^-i-^, mh. 
 
 Hxi) and ^^^5^ Chald. to reveal. Dan. 
 
 2:"22, 28,29. Part. Pehil ^p5 and 
 'K^, verses 19,30. 
 
 Aph. "^P^il ?o carr?/ inio captivity. 
 Ezra 4: 10." 5: 12. 
 
 n i?^ proper name of a city in the 
 hilly country of the tribe of Judah. 
 Josh. 15: 51. 2 Sam. 15:12. The 
 gentile noiin is '^;"b''-V 
 
 1^-^ see nT;15 captivity. 
 
 1^5 f verbal from bh:^, dec. X. 
 
 1. i. q. b^ ti spring. Josh. 15: 19. 
 Judsr. 1: 15. 
 
 1. captivity., exile. Ezek. 33:21. 
 
 2. exiles^ or those who have been 
 exiles, Jer. 24: 5. 28: 4. 29: 22. 
 
 n^P5 Chald. idem. Dan. 2: 25. 5: 13. 
 
 Nn^b^i ':2 f/ifi e.ri/es, Ezra 6: 16. 
 
 n*P^ found only in Pi. lr\\j> to shave ; 
 e. g. the beard, 2 Sam. 10 : 4. the 
 hair of the head, 2 Sam. 14:26. 
 The following accusative is either 
 the head, Num. 6: 9. Deut. 21: 12. 
 or the hair, Lev. 14: 8. Once re- 
 flex, to shave one'^s self Gen. 41: 14. 
 and once cans, to cause to shave., 
 Judg. 16: 19. Figuratively, Is. 7 : 
 20 on that day the Lord will shave 
 with a hired razor, the head and the 
 hair of the feet, i. e. he will cut off 
 or lay waste the whole land. 
 
 Pu. to be shaven. Judg. IC : 17. 
 
 Ilithpa. to shave one's self Lev. 
 13: 33. 
 
 2. i.q.iJ;/.cporoaW (in pi^a verbal from rtV,o. 1. (comp. 
 
 the sacred chandelier.) Zech. 4: 3. 
 Ecc. 12: 6 before the silver chain 
 is severed, :2llTn nVil Y'\T^'] and the 
 golden oil-cup is broken in pieces. The 
 Greeks and Ptomans also were wont 
 to susperid their lamps by a chain. 
 
 3. in architecture, the name of 
 some part of the chapiter of a pil- 
 lar, the bozvl. 1 K. 7: 4 1 , 42. 2 Chr. 
 4:12,13. 
 
 ]V\'2 , )^y^: from ln'r3, J-iJ^:.) dec. 
 III. d. tablet of wood, metal, or 
 stone, for writing on. la. 8:1. 
 (comp. nilV, Is. 30 : 8. Hab. 2 : 2.) 
 In Chald. |i"^bA signifies the vacant 
 margin of a writing. 
 
 Plur. n-^rrbr. Is. 3 : 23. probably 
 mirrors, (here a3 a female orna- 
 ment, comp. Ex. 33 : 8.) literally 
 
bby 
 
 127 
 
 hh^ 
 
 metallic plates. So the Vulg. and 
 
 Chald. According to the Sept. thin 
 
 transparent garments ; comp. Arab, 
 p/c / p ^ 
 
 5^X:^ vestis spUndida ; Syr. Hv*s^ 
 
 tndumentufn. 
 
 ^r^ verbal from ^b.^ , dec. III. a. 
 
 1. as an adj. turnings that is easi- 
 ly turned^ xersatilis. 1 K. 6 : 34. 
 comp. Ezek. 41: 24. 
 
 2. as a subst. a ring. Est. 1 : 6. 
 Cant. 5:14 his arms as gold rings^ 
 set "with Tarshish stones. In these 
 similitudes, the ground of compar- 
 ison is not to be sought for in the 
 form or colour. 
 
 3. circuity border^ district, coun- 
 try ; hence as a proper name, Gal- 
 ilee, the northernmost district of 
 Palestine, between Sidon and Sa- 
 maria, with undefined bounds to- 
 wards the south. 1 K. 9 : 11. Josh. 
 20; 7. 21:32. With He paragogic, 
 2K. 15:29. More full d':iari b^ba 
 (^country of the heathen nations) 
 Galilee of the Gentiles, Is.8;23. [9:1.] 
 
 n^''/5 fem. of b^ba, dec. X. circ%dt. 
 country, i. q. b'^ba no. 3. Ezek. 47: 
 8. DTiTp'r^sr: nib*'';:;-; Josh. 13:2. 
 and rr^bs nib'^ba Joel. 4: 4. [3: 4.] 
 the borders of the Philistines. 'a 
 p.'l^n Josh. 22: 10, 11. the regions 
 of the Jordan. 
 
 ^-<'i proper name of a Philistine gi- 
 ant, well known for his combat 
 with David. 1 Sam. 17: 4. 21: 10. 
 22: 10. It would appear from 2 
 Sam. 21: 19, as the text now stands, 
 that Goliath was slain by Eihanan 
 the Bethlohemite; but the reading 
 in 1 Chr. 20: 5, removes this appar- 
 ent contradiction. 
 
 /*P|J, plur. ^bbs, but in the sing. 
 'nib n ; infin. and imper. ba , also b .^ 
 (Ps. 119:22.) 
 
 1. to roll; e.g. a stone, Gen. 29: 
 3,8. Josh 10: 18. 
 
 2. figuratively, to roll away re- 
 proach. Josh. 5: 9. Ps. 37: 5 b^' Vl^ 
 ^^^iT HVn^ roll or devolve on jQho- 
 
 vah thy i^ay, i. e. commit or com- 
 mend thy concerns to him. A simi- 
 lar phrase occurs with '^j'^iDiJg , 
 Prov. 16:3.' Also eUipticaliy,"ps. 
 22: 9 ftir^'l bi^. ba he commends to 
 Jehovah (his ways.) ba stands here 
 for b^^ "b^^, the infinitive for the fi- 
 nite verb. Others regard it as the 
 preterite of b^^i, b\ ; he rejoices in 
 Jehovah. 
 
 Niph. b.',:, fut. ba"' , to he rolled 
 together, as a book, Is. 34: 4. to roll 
 on, as a stream. Am. 5: 24. Comp. 
 
 Poal to he rolled about. Is. 9: 4. 
 
 Hithpo. to u'allow, rvelter, 2 
 Sam. 20: 12. Gen. 43 : 18 bban^b 
 ^Z^by that he roll himself i. e. rush, 
 upon tis. 
 
 Pilpel baba i.q. Knl. Is. 51:25. 
 
 Hithpalp. to rush upon, spoken of 
 an invading enemy. Job 30: 14. 
 
 Hiph. bart to roll.Gen. 29: 10. 
 
 Deriv. out of course ba, ba, Jiba, 
 baba, baba , n?.aba, i-jba:o, b'^ba, and 
 perhaps n'^b'lb.n. 
 
 ? ? V. ^^ 
 
 rr^ (Arab. M:>) m. dung, ordure. 
 1 K. 14: 10. Literally roTmt/i*^ dung, 
 as of camels, horses, etc. from the 
 root bba . 
 
 PP3 literally thing, business, (Arab. 
 
 V^^ ,) but in use only as an adv. 
 bbaa, with suff. '^V^as, asbbijz , on 
 account of. Gen. 12?13. 30: 27. 39: 
 5. Deut.l5:10. (Arab. ^Ua.f ^^ 
 on thy account.) 
 
 *P7^ m. Chald. Ezra. 5: 8. 6:4 "J^^f? 
 bba he^on stones. Sept. lldoo ixUz- 
 Tof. 1 Esd. 6: 9 Xld^oo '^vavol nolv- 
 TX{7g. It derives its signification 
 perhaps from ?iba i. q. Arab. (^aCv. 
 detersit, polivit, ^e'etv. Comp. 'jT'^ba. 
 In the Talmud ^}bbaby itself signi- 
 fies a stone, as ]'^bba ""bs vessels of 
 stone. 
 
 r /.^ m.plur. d'^bba, const, "^b^ba, verbal 
 frombh, dec. VI. j. dung. Zeph. 1: 
 
:^^^ 
 
 128 
 
 ^liy 
 
 17. Ezek. 4: 12, 17. Job 20: 7 
 
 l^i^"^ f1^?.b ibb^3 ^i^e his dung he 
 fetishes forever. Comp. the similar 
 figure 1 K. 14: 10. 
 
 i3^5, fut. nV^"^, to wrap together., fold 
 up. Once ^'K. 2: 8. Deri v. out of 
 course DiH. 
 
 t2^!\m. verbal trom D^5, dec. VF. p. 
 literally something wropt or folded 
 together^ a mass or lump ; hence ap- 
 plied to the unformed fetus or em- 
 iri/o tn f/ie womb, Fs. 139: 16. (in 
 the Talmud CbV) a/?^ unformed muss, 
 a fetus, also a/t uncultivated man.) 
 
 *l'^'Dr;5 a quadriliteral adj. barren, wrt- 
 /rturya/. Is. 49:21. Job 3: 7. 15:34. 
 
 30: 3. (In Arab. O^X:^ a rough un- 
 fruitful rock. The kindred simple 
 roots, of which this word appears 
 to be compounded, are 'ilz^ = Arab. 
 cA4.ak. to he hard, hardhearted, and 
 N?2b5 = Syr. l-^-^vc a stony soil 
 where nothing grows. In Rabbin. 
 T^;'^^.;^ a woman who keeps by herself 
 on account of some levitical unclean- 
 ness. 
 
 i^P3 in Kal not used. In Arab. conj. 
 HI. to contend with any one, espe- 
 cially in drinking- and gaming. So 
 in Hebrew, Hithpa. to groiv angry, 
 to be irritated, in a contention. Prov. 
 20: 3 it is an honour for a man to 
 cease from contention, b"'1Ji-b;rT 
 ^'V^n"] but every fool becomes angry, 
 18: 1 yV^n"^^ r;;^'i;nn-i":D3 he is angry 
 against every thing rational. Alijo 
 spoken of a roitention, to grow 
 warm, Prov. 17: 1 1. 
 
 ny^ 
 
 <'! proper name. 
 
 1. a son of Machir and grandson 
 of Manasseh. Num. 26: 29. 
 
 2. a mountain (Gen. 31.23.Cant. 
 4: 1.) and province beyond Jordan ; 
 in a more restricted sense, the coun- 
 try south of Bashan andJlrgob, Deut. 
 3:13. Josh. 17:1. 13:25, 31. 2 Sam. 
 24:6. Num. 32: 39. in a wider 
 sense, the whole country east of Jor- 
 
 dan, afterwards called Perea. Num. 
 32: 26, 29. Josh. 22: 9. Jer. 8: 22. 
 Zech. 10: 10. For the etymology of 
 the word, namely li^b-n heap ojf wit- 
 ness, see Gen. 31: 47. 
 
 3. a city in the abovementioned 
 province. Hos. 6: 8. 
 
 tS'PlJ^ prob. i.q. Arab. {jM\:^tosit, to 
 lie doimi ; conj. II. to move, especi- 
 ally uphill. Cant. 4: 1 as ajlock of 
 goats "is^'b-j "1^:73 fl\:;!:.vi3l which lie 
 
 down on mount Gilead. 6:5. "172 here 
 signifies on, or towards ; comp. Cant. 
 2: 9. 5: 4. 
 
 u^ a primitive particle. 
 
 1. conj. cop. also. In the poeti- 
 cal style, i.q. T and, Joel 1:12 ^73*1 
 niEm ^lon C^ the pomegranate- 
 
 XT - * O 
 
 tree, the palm-tree also, and the ap- 
 ple-tree, 
 
 2. at the beginning of a sentence, 
 i.q. "3 yea\ Job 18 : 6 '^iiX d.n 
 rj^-l'; D'^yu?^ yea, the light of the 
 wicked is put out. Prov. 14: 20. 17: 
 26. 18:9. 19:2. 20: 11. Used al- 
 so in the emphatic repetition of the 
 same word, 1 Sam. 24: 12 Tin riN/n 
 ITTN;'! see, yea, see. Gen. 20: 5 -Ji"*?! 
 iS'^n-t]^ she, yea, she. Gen. 27: 34. 
 4:26. 10:21. Ecc. 2:15. Ps. 9: 7. 
 IK. 21: 19 !inN Dn '^72'7-ni< thy 
 blood, yea, thine, sanguinem tui, imo 
 tui. Prov. 23: 15. Coijip. Gr. 184. 
 2. Sometimes the word is nearly 
 pleonastic, Prov. 17:1 5 niSl^ f^5?!'iri 
 Dlri'^r'ilj-fi.n they both are an abomina- 
 tion to Jehovah. 20: 10, 12. 
 
 3. conj. conccss.a/^/iov^/i. Ps.95:9. 
 Neh. 6: 1. Jer. 36:25. "^3 25 idem, 
 Is. 1:15. 
 
 4. conj. advers. yet. Ps. 129:2. 
 Ezek. 16:25. Ecc. 4:16. 8:12. 
 
 5. D5~D3 (1.) both. ...and, as well 
 ...as, et....et, tam....qvam. Gen. 24: 
 
 25. Ex. 12 : 31. (2.) as so. Jer. 
 
 51: 12. 
 
 i^/3^ in Kal not used, to swallow, sip, 
 drink. 
 
 Pi. idem. Job 39: 24 y^^i^ NTSA^ 
 
h^^ 
 
 129 
 
 n^:^ 
 
 ^e {the horse) swallows the ground, 
 i.e. sweeps it away with him in his 
 r.apid course. (The Arabians also 
 say : the horse swallows the ground, 
 i. e. runs swiftly over it. See Bo- 
 charti Hieroz. i. p. 142 148.) 
 Hiph. to let drink. Gen. 24:17. 
 
 Jj^'^.i^m.verbal from N7:a, the Egyptian 
 papyrus plant, so called from its im- 
 bibing water. (Comp. the phrase 
 
 sative of the person and thing, 
 (comp. in Greek fu or itaitoDg tiqcct- 
 161V Tivcc.) 1 Sam. 24 : 18 nni^ 
 
 JllTtaJl *^:pib;g4 thou hast shown me 
 good. Gen. 50: 15 all the evil "n's^ijf 
 inb? 5!2b?3a which we have shown 
 him. verse'l7. Prov. 3:30. 31:12. U. 
 63: 7. Also wiih ^ of the person, 
 Is. 3: 9 ln5>^ Dnb ^^725 they ^ show to 
 themselves evil, i. e. they bring evil 
 
 bibula papyrus, Lucan. iv. 136.) on themselves. Ps. 137 : 8 ^^.^^-^ 
 
 Job 8: 11. Is. 35: 7. Out of the skin 
 or fibres of this plant the ancients 
 made mats, cords, boats, (Plin. xiii. 
 21_26.) Hence Ex. 2 : 3 ii12^ nin 
 a small boat made of papyrus. Is. 
 18:2. 
 
 1^.5^ m. cubit. Once Judg.3:16. (In Syr. 
 I j-ii^Qvc elbow, cubit ; I ja.:i05a^^ 
 
 .Pa: -A 
 
 |fAi;!D3Qsv^ idem.) 
 
 C'^1/25 masc. plur. Ezek. 27:11. 
 proper name of a people, probably 
 of Phenicia, of whom nothing far- 
 ther is known. Others : bold or 
 
 stout people, from Arab. O^Ci*. 
 be hard, unmerciful 
 
 to 
 
 ^ib Pr:g5'*23 that which thou hast 
 brought upon us. 
 
 2. especially to show good, to 
 treat kindly, to favour. Prov. 11: 17 
 i'CD3 ^lqi\ that does good to his own 
 soul or to himself More frequently 
 withir^, Ps. 13:6. 116:7. 119: 17. 
 142:8. 
 
 3. to recompense, requite, {gooi] or 
 evil.) Construed with an ace. Ps, 
 18: 21 'i^nu^D rtin^ '^^.^r. J^^io- 
 vah recompenses me according to my 
 righteousness, with ^r?, 2 Chr. 20:1 1. 
 Ps. 103: 10. with ^, Deut. 32:6, (ac- 
 cording to another division of the 
 words, the noun is here in the ac- 
 cusative.) 
 
 Deriv. out of course ^^tta,b^:o:jn. 
 
 /^^^ m. verbal from >^a, dec. I. also If. ^12*S, fut. V73:)\ 1. to wean a chi 
 
 D^^l"^ b^m (Judg. 9:.16. Prov. 
 14ris. 3: n.) 
 
 1 . one''s actions or conduct in rela- 
 tion to another, one''s treatment of 
 another, merit, desert. Judg. 9: 16. 
 18.3:11. b ib'l^ij ^''^57. to render to 
 any one his desert, or to recompense 
 one''s actions upon him, Ps. 28: 4 
 Utib^b^'n!^ ^"'ii/Tl render to them their "L^^ . , , . 
 
 ,''^ 'r. ".X .. , -.1-1^ ^^-^ com. gen.prim.plur. D'^??3.n,dec 
 
 desert. Prov. 12:14. a so with ^^^ -- * * ^ - - 
 
 hild 
 from the breast of its mother. (In 
 Is. 28: 9, ^bri'D is subjoined.) 1 Sara. 
 1:23,24. rk. 11:20. 
 
 2. spoken of fruit, to ripen, to 
 bring to maturity. Num. 17: 23. [8.] 
 to grow ripe. Is. 18: 5. 
 
 Niph. to be weaned. Gen. 21:8. 
 1 Sam. 1:22. 
 
 Ps. 94:2. !: bn^>5 fiV-^ idem,?^. 
 137: 8. Prov. 19:' 17. Is. 59: 18. al- 
 so with bt, Joel 4: 4. [3:4.] 
 
 2. recompense. Is. 35: 4. 
 
 3. benefit. Ps. 103: 2. 
 
 JlpM^S fem. of ^!)7:a, dec. X. idem. 2 
 
 Sam.' 19: 37. Is. 59: 18. J er. 51:56. 
 
 T U 
 
 VIII. a. a camel, male or female. 
 Where the discrimination of sex is 
 unimportant;, the gender is usually 
 masc. as I K. 10:2. When used to 
 denote a female camel, it is fem. as 
 Gen. 32: 15. This word has passed 
 with a slight change from the east- 
 ern into our western lanffuagfes. 
 
 P^5 fut. ^i^ji"". "1*2^, fat. 'n72:5\ 1. to finish, accom- 
 
 l.^toshowov bring upon anyone pUsh, execute. Ps. 57 : 3 ^^.Oi$ 
 (good or evil,) with a double accn- ^'2^' God who executes for me, i. e. 
 
335 130 >ya 
 
 who manages my affairs for me. 335 ^al from a:?., dec. I. thief- 
 
 So w.lh nS3, Ps. 138. 8. -X. 22: 1, 6, 7. " 
 
 2. to CO we to an end., to cease, fail. ^^^^1 
 Ps. 7:10. 12: 2. 77: 9. (Id Aram. n3?.3 f. verbal from S25 , dec. X. 
 ide7n.) something stolen. Ex. 22: 3. 
 
 ^"^!J Chald, w//n. Part. pass. '-i'^73l\ ITIS^ fern, of 'ja, dec. X.gar^^en. Is. 1: 
 finished, skilful, learned, Ezra 7: 1*2! 30. Job 8: 16. Plur. ni25, Am. 4:9. 
 
 *l^J>tCimmerians,Cimbri,commonudime ^ " 
 
 of a little known and barbarous ' ^l^. ^^m. of ^n, dec. X. idem. More 
 northern nation. Only Gen. 10: 2, 3. [i-equent, as it appears, in the la er 
 Ezek. 38: G. If this name was known books. Est. 1: 5. 7: 7, 8. Cant. 6: 11. 
 to the people themselves, and was i2^Tj!j, const. ''t55 , dec. VI. ^. 
 derived from them to the southern ""^ treasur'es.'VjSt 3: 9. 4: 7. 
 nations, then we may compare it o* chests, in which to pack up 
 
 with Kymr, the ancient name of the ^^^^ preserve valuable articles, as 
 Welsh. the Greek dnoavQoL Ezek. 27: 24. 
 
 ]\, with suff. ^X5, com. gen. verbal {ChTiU.'^it^ to hide, lay up, preserve \ 
 from y.^^, dec. VIII. h. garden, Ardh. f.k'liL to cover, collect. Kin- 
 (literalfy a place hedged in.) Gen.2: ^^^^ ^.^j] . 
 
 8 if. p'n.T.li "]-! a garden of herbs, ^ -^'^ 
 
 Deut. 11:10. 1 K. 21: 2. tiili'' ts ^\^*?^. Chald. masc. plur. ireaswres. Ez- 
 garden of Jehovah, as if, planted ra 6 : 1. iX^]:A D"^?. treasure-house, 
 by him,''(comp. Gen. 2:8. Ps. 104: Ezra5:17. 7:20. 
 16.) Gen. 13 : 10. Is. 51: 3. Ezek. 'T[p5 ,. dec. VIII. h. treasure-cham- 
 ^31:8,9. Plur.Q.n, Cant. 4:15. 6:2. "^-^ in the temple. 1 Chr. 28 : 11. 
 
 ^35, fut. i;^'^. 1. to steal; construed The ^ is afformative as in ^", ^Vi<, 
 with an ace. of the thing, Gen. 31: and other Chaldaic words. 
 
 19. 30: 32. or of the person, 2 Sam. "^in , .. jr j r t- n . 
 
 in .n r^ * oi ^ T V ni io -. . >- - toprotect, defend, (strictly to cov- 
 
 19:42. Deut.24:7. Job 21:18 yV3S^ ' t r 7 ^ 7^\ j 
 
 rrs^D :^ni2.n a/icZa^ chaff which the ^r, like the Arab. (^>, which con- 
 whirlwind carries arvay. 27: 20. ^^ 
 
 2. io deceive, like the Greek strued with ^Xc signifies foproieci; 
 
 ;iXtuTiv. Gen. 31: 27 *^ni< nz^n^ and on this account p!;, like verbs 
 
 thou hast deceived me. verse '20 of covering, is construed with bi?.) 
 
 1^'^ ^^ ri.\ npi.;: nb^'.i anrf Jttco6 2 K. 20: 6 n.NTii ^^5?r; !:i> "'nis^T / 
 
 decefc;cfl^ Lahan. verse 26. Part. m/^ rfe/>nr^ fAi5"c%."(In"chap. 79: 
 
 pass, with paragogic Yod, ^tp}\, 34, with !:i<.) Is. 37: 35. 38:6. Pret. 
 
 ^^"31=39- ' 'ni^.n. Infin. absol. jiD.n ,Is. 31:5. 
 
 Niph. pass. Ex. 22: 1 1. *o~ i r * ^. -j ^ t oi - 
 
 p- T^ 1 i ^ . ;t oo o/a Hiph. fut. 15'', idem. Is. 31:o. 
 
 Pi. 1. q. Kal. 1. <o sec(/.Jer.23:30. , . , V r, , 
 
 2. fo c/eceixJ6, ^ctZwce. 2 Sam. 15: 6. construed with !:>, Zech. 9:15. with 
 
 Pu. pass. Job 4: 12 ns.^"] ^S^ "^hN ^^^^ ('^^ ^^-'^ "^- ^O 12:8. 
 
 an oracle was secretly brought to me. Ueriv. 'J3 , tlS-n, ^i5, 1^.73. 
 
 Infin absol. n25, Gen. 40: 15. -;^ ^ ^^ ^^^ j^^n ^, kj^g, i Sam.6: 
 
 Hithpa. 2 Sam. 19: 4 ^"-.s^t^^l 7"^ t u .. c /i a 
 ^ V . :- 12. Job 6: 5. (In Aram, more Ire- 
 
 -^^5)^ i<inb Nti^tl fin.2 d^^^l anci ^^^^^^ ^j i ^ ^^,^^^^^1 ^^^^^ ^^ ^.^^ >^ 
 
 t/ic people stole themselves that day L*,,*. , , //. ,. 
 
 T, y 7 "^ ^>JJ to reject, throw away (from dis- 
 mtolhe city. ( Syr. cia-ij -CiJ.^ gust and aversion,) to abhor; con- 
 to 5/ea/ one'^s self away.) strued with an ace. Lev. 26: 30 
 
i::?:^ 
 
 131 
 
 ns^ 
 
 BSnN 'UiCi r^bya my soul shall ab- 
 hor you. \erses 11,44. So of the 
 Israelites, verse 15 b,?^n "^UEipyj 
 D!D">2JD^ your soul shall abhor my laws. 
 verse 43. Ezek. 16: 45 rT'2:\\ nb2>i> 
 h"':!^ W/^o rejecteth her husband and 
 her children. Construed with a, Jer. 
 14: 19. 
 
 Niph. to be thrown away. 2 Sara. 
 1 :21 Q-^^l's^ 1^73 >nD a'ij ""^ /or 
 </ifire the shield of the mighty was 
 thrown away. Vulg. abjectus est cly- 
 peus. 
 
 Hiph. i. q. Kal. Job 21: 10 '']'^r2!) 
 '^.^1 i^'l "1?^ f^is cow becomes preg- 
 nant^ and casts not (her calf,) i. e. 
 suffers no abortion. 
 
 f^_^ m. verbal from H'a, abhorrence^ 
 loathing. Ezek. 16: b'/ 
 
 "1*^5 to assail with harsh words^to chide^ 
 reprove^rebuke ;constr[ied with an ac- 
 cus. or with 2.(In Syr.it/em.)Gen.37: 
 lO.Ruth 2: lt).Jer."29:27. Frequent- 
 ly spoken of God, who rebukes men 
 in order to restrain them. Is. 17: 13. 
 Zech. 3: 2 )'0^11 'rjn rt^n^ 'n?^'; the 
 Lord rebuke thee^ Satan, i.e. the 
 Lord check thee. Mai. 3: 11 
 7DN2 DDb Tl^y.'j / will rebuke the 
 devourer for your sakes, i. e. I will 
 drive away destructive insects from 
 you. 2 : 3 y^l/i njj d^b 1i?:t ""DSJi 
 behold, I rebuke the seed for your 
 sakes, i.e. I deny to you the seed. 
 Applied to Jehovah's rebuking his 
 enemies, Ps. 9: 6. 68:31. 119:21. 
 to his rebuking or controlling the 
 elements, Ps. 106 : 9 -0^2 I^^^.T 
 2'nn'?.} P]^D he rebuked the' sea 'of 
 reeds, and it dried up, Nah. 1:4. 
 Deriv. out of course n^nyi;^. ' 
 
 n*l5?5 f. verbal from ^i75, dec. XI. 
 
 T T ; t' 
 
 1. rebuke, reproof e.g. from one's 
 parents. Pro v. 13: 1 ^J2p R"b ybl 
 irT^ya and the scorner hearkens not 
 to^re'proof 17: 10. Ecc. 7: 5 niD 
 a^n n^iJ^ ^TZ'p'b it is better to hear 
 the reproof of a wise man, than etc. 
 
 2. threatening, menace. Is. 30: 17. 
 Especially applied to God's threat- 
 
 ening the elements, Ps. 104: 7. Is. 
 
 50: 2 D^ i^'nnN' "'^"l^^ir through my 
 threatening I dry up the seo, to God's 
 pronouncing destruction, Ps. 76: 7. 
 80: 17. 
 
 '^^_^ to be moved violently, to shake, to 
 tremble ; spoken of the earth. Ps. 
 18:8. 
 
 Pu. ZVi^ idem. Job 34 : 20 '^t?^'^^ 
 D5? the people shall be moved or troub- 
 led. 
 
 Hithpa. to be moved, to ro//, spok- 
 en of the earth, the floods. Ps. 18: 
 8. Jer. 5: 22. 46:7,8. 
 
 Hithpo. to stagger, spoken of a 
 drunken man. Jer. 25: 16. 
 
 '^?5 proper name of a mountain, 
 which forms a part of mt. Ephraim. 
 Josh. 24:30. Judg. 2:9. 
 
 Ti^ m. (kindred with nr* , ) dec. 
 VUI. h. 
 
 l.the body. Ex.2 1:3 iE>2 with his 
 body {only.,) i. e. without" wife or 
 family, verse 4. 
 
 2. back, height. Pro v. 9: 3 ''B5 b? 
 n^p "72^^12 literally on the back of 
 the heights of the city. 
 
 t\^ Chald. plur. I^sa, wing. Dan. 7:4, 
 6. Comp. >i:\N. 
 
 "jpil, with suff. ^:2.n,com.gen. (masc. 
 rarely, Hos. 10: 1. 2 K. 4: 39.) dec. 
 VI. a. 
 
 \. vine, grape-vine. More definite- 
 ly 'j'^^Jl ^D5 Num. G:4. But the word 
 is extended to other similar plants, 
 thus tT7.^ "JSi*. the wild cucumber' 
 vine, 2 K. 4 : 39. (see niy^pc.) 
 DnD "JS-^. the vine of Sodom, proba- 
 bly no particular plant, Deut.32:32. 
 2. the fruit of the vine. 2K.18:31. 
 Is. 36: 16. 
 
 "nSi m. found only Gen. 6:14 ^^^ 
 ^^^fir or pine wood. According to 
 the Chald. and the Jewish commen- 
 tators, cedar. It is without doubt a 
 species of resinous tree ; hence 
 rT'^nSA brimstone, perhaps also 
 pitch. 
 
nn: 
 
 132 
 
 in:i 
 
 n^*liJ^ f. denom.from 'iCa, hrimstone. 
 
 (Syr. I Ajj.::iii, Arab. O^J^Ai=), 
 
 Chald. n-i^S^D.) Is. 30:33. Gen. 
 19:24. 
 
 1^ , fern. ln^5 , participial noun from 
 1^5 , dec. I. a. inmate^ lodger^ so- 
 journer. Job 19: 15. Ex. 3: 22. 
 
 *1-^ perhaps the font of a mountain^ 
 
 (like the Arab. ^C^-) Job 28 : 4 
 
 l-^.-di'?: \tv Y")-^ one opens a pas- 
 sage from the foot of the mountain. 
 But it may be rendered, one opens a 
 passage from his dwelling., as if by 
 ellipsis for d'i; "i.n ^idN D"72 from 
 the place where he dwells. 
 
 "1^ m. participial noun from 1r\^ (q.v.) 
 a stranger. 
 
 "^-^ i. q. 'l^.n catulvs. Plur. D'^nia, Jer. 
 51:38. and DT^f,, Nah. 2: 13. 
 
 -''^^ m. scurvy., perhaps of a malig- 
 nant kind. Sept. x^iMQa ccygla. Vulg". 
 scabies jugis. Lev. 21:20. 22:22. 
 (In Syr. and Arab, leprosy, itch.) 
 
 1^1^ m. dec. Vil. i. hcrry^ e.g. of the 
 olive. Is. 17: 6. (So in Chald. and 
 Arab.) 
 
 riil!;"l5 plur. fern. neck. Prov. 1:9. 
 
 ^ X c y* 
 
 3:3, 22. G: 21. (In Arab. r^r=^ 
 
 a denom. to gargle, ^J^-^ craw* 
 crop.) 
 *^'^i^}. proper name of a Canaanitish 
 people. Gen. 10: 16. 15:21. Josh. 
 24: 11. The name Ifgyeativol oc- 
 curs Mat. 8: 23. but the reading is 
 supposed to be a mere conjecture 
 of Origen. 
 
 i nrj^ to scratch, scrape, rub. 
 
 Hithpa. to scrape one'^sself. Job 2: 
 8. (So in Arab, and Aram.) 
 
 il*^ in Kal not used. 
 
 Pi. JTn.|i to excite, stir up conten- 
 
 tion. Prov. 15: 18 n^.r Tl'nn t\\ 
 JT^I^ the passionate man stirs up con- 
 iention. 28:25. 29: 22. (In Arab. 
 
 I -C conj. II. IV. to excite hostility. 
 
 In Aram, "'^r^ , ^^t^^idem.) 
 
 Hithpa. 1. to he excited, to he an- 
 gry with any one, construed with 
 2. Prov. 28: 4 ^'^.^n'; n^in "^1^.'^. 
 d;2 the observers of the law are angry 
 xmth them. Dan. 11 : 10 at the be- 
 ginning. 
 
 2. to contend, to engage in war 
 with any one, construed with 2. 
 Deut.2:5,1.9 C2 'T^nn ^^? contend not 
 with them. With the addition HJzTihJZ, 
 to excite or wage war, verses 9, 24. 
 With nVn"*? to contend against Jeho- 
 vah, Jer. 50: 24.-2 K. 14 : 10 fil^b 
 
 T X 
 
 il"12 iTnunn wherefore wilt thou 
 contend with evil? Dan. 11 : 10 
 ilTj^ 1^ ^'l-in'^ ^^^ shall be excit- 
 ed anew, {and march) even to his 
 fortress, verse 25. ^;)3n^?i:b tT^.-'tn") 
 he shall be stirred up to battle. (Syr. 
 and Chald. Ethpa.ro be irritated, diiso 
 to wage war.) Deriv. Jl^^n . 
 
 I. t\^^ f. verbal from I'm no. 2. dec. 
 
 X T 
 
 X. the cud, the food which the ani- 
 mal brings up and chews again. 
 Found only in the phrases, tii^i?!!! 
 Sl^|\ io ruminate,ov chew the CMC?,Lev. 
 Ill3ff. Deut. 14: 6,7. and n^.^^ 
 rt^a idem, once Lev. 11: 7. 
 
 II. r"n!\ f. a gerah, the smallest 
 weight of the Hebrews, being the 
 twentieth part of the shekel, used 
 also as a coin; literally a bean, grain, 
 (comp. ^.l*^.^ a berry, in Chald. a 
 grain, kernel ; also Arab, r^^f^ 
 a bean.) The Hebrews without 
 doubt made use of a kernel or grain 
 for a weight, as the Greeks and 
 Romans did of the 'AtQurtov, and the 
 moderns of barley and pepper- 
 corns. 
 
 ^"15 m. const, pia , dec. IIL a. 
 The form of this word is from Int^ii, 
 
?-la 
 
 133 
 
 PJ 
 
 but the sisfnificatioti from ^^^ no. J, Q-^^ properly to cut ojf, as in 
 3. SeenH^n-l. _ ^ Syr/and Arab. Hence construed 
 
 1. necA:. Is. 3 : 16 p-i5 m^^DS ^^-^^^ i,^ ^^ mert)6;,Zeph.3:3 ;)^-ia Nb 
 with stretched out necks. Ezek.ie-A I. ^pr^'' they reserve nothing iiU the 
 
 2. throaty swallow. Ps. 149: 6 '" " ,^ , ,,,., v r,^^ \ 
 a:inA2 !:i?. n-i^)2i^ liter, exaltations rnormug. {Comp. ^ !:^^^, ^ b ^i. ..) 
 o/- God arc in their throat. Is. 58: 1 11- ^"1.^ Pi. denom. from D^.a , to 
 ']i'^^'2 ii'rp call from a [fidl) throat., gnaw or break in pieces a tjone. 
 
 i. e. cry aloud. Ps. 69 : 4. 115:7. 
 Ps. 5:10 Dii^a nnriD ^^.p. </ieir 
 throat is an open sepulchre. Jer. 2: 
 24. 
 
 ri^"l^ f. denom. from "la , habitation. 
 
 Jer. 41:17. 
 "1^ i. q. ^n, by a metathesis which 
 
 prevails in this word also in Arabic. 
 
 Found only in ISTiph. to be cut off or 
 
 taken away. Ps. 31: 23 ^;\S^ TiT^^^. 
 
 ^':''^^ / am taken away from thine 
 
 eyes. (comp. Ps. 88: 6.) But 8 MSS. 
 
 read "^nnT:;:. 
 
 "1^ name of a Canaanitish people, 
 
 found only 1 Sam. 27 : 8 Kethib, 
 (Vulg. Gerzi,) the Keri being "^^Tlj. 
 Perhaps synonymous with '^"2^3^'^:^ 
 Gen. 10:16. * " * 
 
 Num 24: 8 dnr_ an"'ni?32y he shall 
 break their bones. Hence metaphor- 
 ically, Ezek. 23: 34 thou shalt drink 
 it {the cup.,) and suck it out., n^JT 
 '^la'l^ri tr^TlJin and its sherds 
 thou shalt gnaw^ i. e. thou 
 shalt completely exhaust it. (In 
 Arab. r*r^ is i- q- &^^ to pick or 
 gnaw Jiesh from a oone^ a denom. 
 from A-^^Jiesh. In Chald. also it 
 signifies to pick a bone., Ps. 27: 2 
 Targ.) 
 
 u15 m. prim. dec. VI. a. 
 
 1. bone. Prov. 17:22. 25:15. 
 D'na li^n an ass of bone., \. e. a 
 strong-built ass, Gen. 49 : 14. The 
 Arabs say in like manner, {^j^ i-^t 
 r*r^ vT^^ ^ ^i^ong horse^ ass^ and 
 
 S^^n!) proper name, Gerizim, a peak |*:^^ strong-boned.) 
 
 2. self (like D:y bone and self,) 
 as is common in Chald. and Samari- 
 tan. 2 K.9: 13 nib5>72!n dn-n h'i on 
 
 of mt. Ephraim, over against mt. 
 Ebal. Between the two the city 
 Shechem was situated. Deut. 11: 
 29. 27: 12. This mountain became 
 in subsequent times the seat of the 
 religious worship of the Samari- 
 tans. The Samar. text, and the Sa- 
 maritans join in one word D'^r^i'nri 
 mount Gerizifn, as it is written in 
 
 the stairs themselves. Others : on one 
 of the stairs, (comp.Arab. r*/-^ part, 
 
 and the expression j^^^o.X^ one of 
 them, literally a part of them.) 
 
 Eupolemm ^^ya^iCt^v. See Reland iS'l.^m. Chald. bone, as in Hebrew, 
 
 de monte Ganzim, in his Dissert. p'^^ g. 25 
 
 Miscellan. P. 1. no. 3. ^^u 
 
 J**^n , , _ I 1^ f. plur. m*2^5 , const, rrij^a 
 
 |T |3 m. axe, hatchet. Deut. 19: 5. 20 ' ' ^ 
 
 19. IK. 6: 7. This quadriliteral 
 appears to be derived from n5 = 
 ^Vn to cut, to hew. 
 
 'P'n^ or "7"J^Prov. 19: 19 Kethib, 
 prob. a corrupt reading instead of 
 -i^'ia . Theodot. {AyaX6d^v(A,og. 
 
 ^'^^see^'lh!i/o^. 
 
 prim. dec. VI. p. 
 
 1. an open level place, area ; e. g. 
 before the gate, 1 K. 22:10. 2 Chr. 
 18:9. 
 
 2. especially a threshing-floor, a 
 circular level plat of ground hi the 
 open air, where corn was trodden 
 by oxen. Ruth 3: 2 ff. 'j'li'. n^!)dn 
 the produce of the threshing floor. 
 
>n5 
 
 134 
 
 tD-i::^ 
 
 Num. 18: 30. Is. 21 : 10 '^in.H ^a 
 son o/?n^ threshing-Jloor^i.e. (if spok- 
 en of the Israelites,) my bruised 
 broken people, or (if spoken of the 
 Babylonians,) tfiou who shall soon be 
 broken on my threshing-Jloor. Comp. 
 
 3. the grain itself . Job 39: 12. 
 w'^i^ to be bruised, crushed^ or broken 
 
 in pieces. (Syr. -iCfsv to break in 
 
 I I I 
 pieces; Arab, {^j^ ^^ to break into 
 
 large pieces. Ps. 119: 20 "^-.TD: ^53^5 
 tliNnb niy soul is broken^ or lan- 
 guisheth,yrom desire. 
 
 Hiph. Lam. 3: 16 yijna ^y^ll 
 "^I'^p he causes my teeth to bite gravel 
 stones. 
 
 ^'l-* 1. to take off {the beard,) to shave. 
 IsT 15: 2. Jcr. 48 : 37. (In Syriac, 
 idem.) 
 
 2. to take or drazv off or away^ 
 to withdraw from a person or thing. 
 Job 36:7 l^^^i; p'^^.V^. ^-n:^"] Nb he 
 withdraxvs not his eyes from the right- 
 eous. In this way the elHpsis is to be 
 supplied in Ezek.5:ll i'*^^??. ^:JS d.^ 
 I also will withdraw (mine eye;) 
 especially as ^;"|^; follows soon after. 
 Jer. 26:2 n^l 2'"n:inb^$ take nothing 
 away. Often absolutely, to take away., 
 without specifying what is taken 
 away, (comp. ;]D^ no. 1.) Deut. 1: 
 2nd ye shall not take away from it. 
 13:1. [12:32.] Ex.5:8,19. Ecc.3:14 
 
 there is nothing to be added to it., and 
 nothing to be taken from it. Hence 
 
 3. construed with an accus. of 
 the thing, to diminish^ lessen, shorten. 
 Ex. 21:10. Ezek. 16:27. Job 15: 
 4 ^iNf i;_5}b iirft) S'nlsni thou les- 
 senest prayer before God. 
 
 4. as in Arabic, to suck up or draw 
 in ('.vater,) to imbibe. Job 15:8 
 
 bibed wisdom to thyself 1 
 
 Pi. i. q. Kal no. 4. Job 36 : 27 
 
 tjvo ^ct:: i'"]^'] ^3 has he drawn up 
 {to himself) the drops of water ? 
 
 Niph. to be taken away. Num.36: 
 3, 4. 27 : 4. Often used in a some- 
 what impersonal manner, without 
 specifying the object taken away, 
 )J2 2^*1^3 something is taken away or 
 is wanting., Num. 36 : 3 at the end. 
 Ex. 5: 11. Lev. 27: 18. Hence to be 
 diminished., lessened^restrained., Num. 
 9: 7 "^nbi? S'-'n.^i tll^b wherefore 
 should we be restrained^ so as not^ 
 etc. 
 
 Deriv. nn'^:\?3. 
 
 Vjl.^ to carry or wash away. (!n Arab, 
 and Syr. idem.) Once Judg. 5 : 21 
 
 dD^4 )r^''p br}3 the brook Kishon 
 carries them away. Deriv. ;i)^^73 . 
 
 115, fut. '^i'>, ^'^:,^. 1. to draw. 
 especially to carry off., to sweep 
 away. (In Syr. and Arab, idem.) 
 Hab. 1: 15 i^nra ^JT^.it'? one draws 
 themin his net. Prov. 21: 7. 
 
 2. to draw (with the saw,) to saw, 
 saw in pieces. (The kindred form 
 ^^2 has this signification in Syr.and 
 Arab.) Deriv. H'^^J^ a saw. See 
 Poal. 
 
 Niph. to bring up again (the 
 food,) to ruminale. (In Arab. conj. 
 IV. Vlll. Syr. Ethpe. idem.) Fut. 
 -ir.Lev. 11:7. 
 
 Poal, to be sawn. 1 K. 7: 9. See 
 Kal no. 2. 
 
 Hithpo. i.q. Kal no. 1. Jer. 30: 
 23. 
 
 1*]5 proper name of a city of the 
 
 Philistines, and residence of a king. 
 Gen. 20: 1. 26: 1. "^*l.\ ^nz the 
 valley ofGerar., Gen. 26: 17. 
 tr'15, with suff. ^ip^s, verbal from 
 tJ^^a = D^a, dec. VL h. something 
 pounded or beaten fine. Lev. 2:14, 
 16. 
 
 ^"15 1. to drive out. Ex.34: 11. Lev. 
 21:7. More frequent in Piel. 
 
 2. to drive, or carry along 
 zmth itself to wash away. Is. 57:20 
 
 'P'^m ^::?.l T^?^''^. ^^1^.!1 <^nd his 
 waters carry along mire and dirt* 
 
 3. to empty, strip, pillage. Ezek. 
 
t:m 
 
 135 
 
 tDtr):\ 
 
 36: 5 i:i\ r^'py^^JZ 'i^^ab to pillage it 
 {the uninhabited land) for booty. 
 2;'na?3 is the Aramean infinitive. 
 
 Pi. 'klJ'lil to drive away, to drive 
 out. Gen. 3: 24. 4: 14. 21:10. etc. 
 
 Pu. *c;*i^ pass. Ex. 12: 39. 
 
 Niph. 1. to be driven out. Jon. 2:5. 
 
 2. to be carried or swept alona^. 
 Am. 8:8 a";^!^^^ "\ii<^3 "^T^P^.I ^lp"l^=. 
 i7 shall be carried along and overflow- 
 ed as [by) the river of Egypt. 
 
 3. to be agitated. Is. 57 : 20 Q"' 
 UJ'i;x: the agitated or troubled sea] 
 mare impulsum, 
 
 Deriv. out of course iji:\73 
 
 113 J^, m. verbal from 'ii'^a, produce, 
 proventus. Deut. 33: 14. (The root 
 which usually signifies to drive out, 
 has here the kindred meaning to 
 produce.) 
 
 nd")5 f. verbal from t^^, dec. X. 
 expulsion (from one's possessions,) 
 exactions. Ezek. 45: 9. 
 
 ^^1?. {expulsion, from ui'^j* ) proper 
 name of a son of Moses. Ex. 2: 22. 
 18:3. The patronymic noun ""iUJi:*. 
 Num.3: 21. 26:67. is made from 
 the form 'Jib'na . 
 
 ")VJ35 literally a bridge^ (comp. Arab. 
 
 r**^^, Syr. Ijjtx^. idem.) But in 
 
 Hebrew used only as a proper 
 name. 
 
 1. a country on the east of Jor- 
 dan, inhabited by Canaanites. Deut. 
 3: 14. Josh: 12: 5. 13: 13. 
 
 2. a country in the south of 
 Palestine, in the neighbourhood of 
 the Philistines. Josh. 13: 2. 1 Sam. 
 27:8. 
 
 3. a place in Syria, subject to a 
 king, whose daughter David mar- 
 ried. 2 Sam. 3: 3. 13: 37. 15: 8. 
 
 21235 in Kal not used. 
 
 Hiph. to cause to rain. Jer. 14:22. 
 
 Cp5 m. plur. D'^;:^:), const, "^^pii , 
 verbal from d'^^5 , dec.VI. h. a heavy 
 rain, shower, differing from ^12^ a 
 
 light rain. Comp. 1 K. 18: 45. Prov. 
 25:23. Ezek. 13: 11. 38:22. The 
 combination of the two synonymes, 
 as in Job 37: 6 ^,t2^ D"i:.% and Zech. 
 
 10: 1 dUJ-l "1^212, gives intensity to 
 the signification. 
 
 )3ip5, with suff. n^'^5, verbal from 
 DUJ'l, dec. VI. 0. idem. Ezek. 22:24. 
 
 Clp5, with suff. r?r^ij , liiii^-ija, 
 
 Chald. body. Dan. 4: 30. [33.] 5V2*1. 
 (Syr. >oaAv^ and f.::a*a^v ^ Arab. 
 
 -%M\r^ also (JWX9- idem.) 
 
 'jw^-^ I. Goshen, proper name of 
 
 a country in Egypt, in which the 
 Israelites dwelt from the time of 
 Jacob to that of Moses. Gen. 45: 
 10. 46:28,34. 47:27. 50:8. Ex.8: 
 22. 9:26. The Greek geographers, 
 living at a later period, have made 
 no mention of Goshen. Its situation 
 can only be limited in general to 
 the eastern side of lower and mid- 
 dle Egypt, towards Palestine and 
 Arabia. The most important data 
 for its situation are found in Gen. 
 46:29. Ex. 13:17. iChr. 7:21. To 
 this may be added the rendering 
 of the Sept. by Feata 'ylQa^la^,^ 
 Gen. 45: 10. and 'Hgomv nohg ev 
 yrj 'Fcc^maarj 46 : 28. The differ- 
 ent opinions may be found stated 
 and examined in Bellermann's 
 Handbuch der bibl. Literatur, Th. 
 IV. p. 191 220. comp. Jablonski's 
 8 dissertations De Terra Gosen, 
 reprinted also in his Opuscula T. II. 
 p. 77224. ed. Te Water, and as 
 advocating a different opinion, J.D. 
 Michaelis' Supplem. p. 371 
 381. The pronunciation of the Sept. 
 reat'^i corresponds to the Coptic 
 form of the word FECEM, NEE- 
 CEM, NOTECEM. 
 
 2. also of a city and country in 
 the mountain of Judah. Josh. 10:41. 
 11: 16. 15:51. 
 
 i23L35 found only in Pi. to grope after 
 any thing, construed with an accus. 
 
136 
 
 5.^1 
 
 Is: 59 : 10. (In Arab, and Aram. 
 idem.) 
 
 n^, plur. nim, f. (prob. for n2a or 
 ns^"' verbal from I:;"' = Arab. 
 {*)'^^ pressit.) dec. VII I. f. 
 
 1. wine pre55, or rather the trough 
 in which the grapes were trodden., and 
 out of nhich the juice ran into the 
 tub (np.?.) placed at the side. Joel 4: 
 13. [o7l3.] m r^'^l to tread the 
 wine-press, Neh. 13: 16. Lam. 1:15. 
 
 2 proper name of one of the live 
 princely cities of the Philistines, 
 the birth-place of Goliath. Josh. 13: 
 3. 1 Sam. 6: 17. 21: 10. 1 K. 2: 39, 
 40. 
 
 3. ^cri n;i (dug wine-press) a 
 place in the tribe of Zebulun, (with 
 He local ncn ^n-V) ^^^^ 19: 13. 
 
 4. I'^Ta'^ M-l {pomegranate pr^) a 
 place in the tribe of Dan. Josh. 19: 
 45. 
 
 ^Fl;\ a gentile noun from n|\, a Giitite. 
 2 Sam. 6:10, 11. 15:18. The fem. 
 n^nA appears in Ps. 8: 1. 81: 1.84: 
 1. to be the name of a musical in- 
 strument, perhaps invented at Gath, 
 or so called from n5 a wine-press, 
 because used at the joyful season 
 of vintage. 
 
 ^. . (^^0 wine-presses) proper name 
 of a city in the tribe of Benjamin. 
 Neh. 11:33. 
 
 "in 5 found only Gen. 10: 23. a son of 
 Aram, perhaps representing a peo- 
 ple of Syria. 
 
 The name n^.'^ i. q. fibi a door, 
 refers probably to the common 
 square form of this letter. 
 
 Daleth is most nearly related to t, 
 (especially where this letter corres- 
 ponds with the Arab. O, sounded 
 like ds, but in some Arabic dialects 
 like d simply .) Comp. 'T^"'^ and 
 ^yt to be extinguished \ :fl\ truncus 
 andi^T.i to cut down; 'n'13 Arab. 
 riA-J to vow ; and on the other 
 hand ^t: a crown as if from Arab. 
 pL\j to he distinguished; etc. It 
 corresponds very rarely with the 
 Arab. A j e. g. Dl"}J2 Arab. 
 
 5 ^o f 
 
 r*hi' ^ an axe. 
 
 It is sometimes commuted with 
 the harder consonants of the same 
 organ ; e. g. 'nz'i Aram. N2D slafi- 
 
 der ; (J^-^ and "jp^, (J-i2.3 body, 
 
 / / / 
 belly ; b'ls Arab. -V^^ to divide. 
 
 ^ i Chald.pron. demon, fem. i.q. Heb. 
 HTand niST^/i5,(otherwise ^l Jl2".) 
 Dan. 4: 27. [30.] 5 : 6 N^b Nl one 
 another. 
 
 jJ^*^ i. q. S^Ttj (q. v.) to languish, faint, 
 waste away. Jer. 31: 12 ^s^D'i"' J<?1 
 nis? nnN'lb and they shall not languish 
 any more. Spoken of the eye, Ps. 
 88: 10 7nine eye languisheth from af- 
 fliction. (Comp "kiiuiy) Spoken of 
 the soul, Jer. 31:25. 
 
 nn^^'^ f. verbal from SwN'^Jiterally a 
 wasting away, from anxiety, con- 
 sternation; hence anxiety., sorrow. 
 Job 41: 14. [22.] Comp. 0072. 
 
 ']1!25^'n m. const. 'J'iinN'i, verbal 
 from ^5$*^ , dec. III. a languishing, 
 faintness, joined with UJ23. Deut. 
 
 28:65. 
 
 J^'i.q. ^"ifish. Neh. 13:16. 
 Jli^'n 1. to be afflicted or troubled about 
 any thing ; construed with ^ , 1 
 
N31 
 
 137 
 
 na'i 
 
 Sam. 9: 6 13^ r^N'l'] ctnc? 6e troubled 
 about us. 10 '2. with -J^, Ps. 38 : 19 
 ^nftar;^. ai^nN / am afflicted on ac- 
 count of my sin, 
 
 2. to fear. Jer. 17:8. construed 
 with an ace. Jer. 38: 19. Is. 57 : 1 1. 
 with p, Jer. 42: 16. 
 
 or thine end,death. Vulg. senectus iua. 
 (Others : strength ; not suiting the 
 context.) The primary idea is eith* 
 
 er rest (comp. wij to rest^) or wast* 
 ing away., (as if from fi<n'n i. q. n^l, 
 i^'^ to languish.) 
 
 ^^^ (o/^^cfed) proper name of an Id- ^^n^l according to the Jewish com- 
 umean, in the retinue ot Saul, and 
 
 hostile to David. 1 Sam. 21 : 8. 22: 
 9. Ps. 52 : 2. The Kethib 1 Sam. 
 22: 18, 22, has ^^^^r;^ after the Syr- 
 iac pronunciation. 
 
 n^i^'l f. verbal from ^^1^ affliction, 
 sorrow. Pro v. 12: 25. 
 
 2. fear^ apprehension^ anxiety. 
 Ezek. 4: 16. 12: 18, 19. Jer. 49: 
 23. 
 
 Sin's, fut. rrNn"^ , apoc. t^'i;] (Ps. 18 : 
 11 ) to fly; spoken of the swift ea- j-^^ 
 gle, Deut. 28 : 49. Jer. 48 : 40. 49: 
 22. of the Deity, Ps. 18: 11 1M 
 t}^1 ^S)33 b^ and he flew on the 
 wings of the wind. For 2 K. 17: 21, 
 
 see ^^'^D. 
 
 Hi^'^ found only Lev. 11 : 14.C rrN^ 
 being in the parallel passage Deut. 
 14: 13, though perhaps merely a 
 corruption;) name of a swift bird of 
 prey. So much is evident from the 
 etymology and the context. Its spe- 
 cific meaning cannot be determined. 
 Sept. j/ui/;, vulture. Vulg. milvus. 
 Comp. Bocharti Hieroz. T. II. p. 
 191. 
 
 nX'l see 1^% 
 
 ^'^ and ^11 prim. masc. epicene, 
 
 dec.VllI. d. bear. 1 Sam. 17:34, 36, J-i-nn^nT; f 
 37. 2 Sam. 17:8. Prov. 17: 12. Hos. 
 
 13: 8 b^SUJ ii a she-bear robbed of 
 her whelps. Plur. Q'^n^ f. she-bears^ 
 
 2 K. 2: 24. (Arab. OvJ, S->0 a he- 
 bear, a she-bear.) 
 
 D" Chald. idem. Dan. 7: 5. 
 65 D/I m. dec. VI. p.found only Deut. 
 33: 25 '^^^n'^ 'T'^.^S as thy days, i.e. 
 
 mentators, strictly to speak,{whcnce, 
 ilzT,) hence causatively, spoken of 
 wine, Cant. 7: 10 D'*:*:;;' "'riBt; :aSl 
 which makes the lips of the sleeping to 
 speak, (as in dreaming.) But the 
 rootoflnsi is more probably the 
 
 Arab. OO to creep, also to flow 
 gently, whence our passage may be 
 rendered, which flows gently over the 
 lips of the carousers. 
 
 ^ I m. slander^ ill report. N'^^in 
 ns"! to spread an ill report, Num. 
 I4V36. Prov. 10: 18. The follow- 
 ing genitive may be taken actively, 
 as Ps. 31 : 14 n2T 'n3fu3 "'S 
 D'2'nybr / hear the slanders of many. 
 Jer. 20 : 10. or passively, as Num. 
 13:32. 14:37. Gen. 37: 2. Prov. 
 25: 10 m^UJn Hb 'insm and thine 
 ill report turn not away. (la Arab. 
 
 5 y ^ s yc ^ 
 
 ^.^Jy^O and i^^JyJ^O a secret slan- 
 
 ' 'i' '" 
 derer. In Syr. (.2^^ reputation^ re* 
 
 port; and .^.^| to spread a report^ 
 to slander. In Chald. 11213 ill re" 
 
 T 
 
 port, infamy. Concerning the root, 
 see 22'!.) 
 
 prim. dec. X, 
 \,'bee. Is. 7 : 18. Plur. b'^nh'^, 
 Judg. 14:8. Ps. 118:12. Deut. 1: 
 44. (Syr, | Iha^i bee, wasp ; Arab. 
 
 r^O, collect, bees, wasps.) 
 
 2. proper name of a celebrated 
 judge and prophetess in Israel. 
 Judg. 4:4. 5: 1. 
 
 the days of thy life, so thine old age, Tpr\ Chald. i.q. Ileb. niST to offer 
 
b2- 
 
 138 
 
 pan 
 
 sacrifice. Ezra. 6 : 3. Deriy. out of 
 
 course na'l^ altar. 
 ym^^ , "'" rii 1 1 -^ Deblatai 
 
 nJ'h plur. 'j^ni'7 , Chald. sacrifice. ^^^ 
 
 Ezra 6: 3. 
 
 est. s. V. Jaffa,) says ; et usque ho- 
 die ostenditur inter Medabam et 
 
 D'^D'l'^3/1 masc. plur. 2 K. 6 : 25 Keri. 
 
 ^doves' dung. The Masoretes have 
 .substituted this word, as appearing 
 ^ to them less offensive, for the 
 reading of the Kethib Q'^jI'' ^^n . 
 The first part of this compound, the 
 syllable i", appears to be derived* 
 from t-;nn'= Chald. S^l and Syr. 
 t.^O^Jluxit, and is probably an eu- 
 phemism for N"jn, (comp. Qfv^ia 
 yaOT^og., Sluqqolu., alvi profluvi- 
 um.) 
 I'^D'n ra. 1. a portion of the temple, 
 (otherwise called W'tip^^ 'ijnp the 
 holy of holies^) embracing- a third 
 part of its area towards the west, 
 and 20 cubits square, adytum. 1 K. 
 6:5,1922.8:6,8. 2Chr.3:16. 
 4:20. 5:7,9. Jerome renders the 
 word oraculum^ oraculi sedes., (from 
 ^zi to 5peaA:,)because the Deity re- 
 veals his oracles there ; but the 
 more probable root is 'im i. q. 
 
 Arab, r^'^io he behind ; hence the 
 
 hinder., i.e. the western, part of the 
 temple., (comp. 'nini^.) 
 
 2. proper name of a city in the 
 tribe of Judah, otherwise called 
 Kirjath-sepher. Judg. 1: 11. 
 
 -i1 <D/1 f const, n^ni, Plur. d-'bi'i, 
 dec." XI. f. a round cake of dried Jigs 
 pressed together, i.q. Greek nalux^rj. 
 1 Sam. 25: 18. 1 Chr. 12: 40. With 
 the addition d-'^Ntn {figs,) 2 K. 20:7. 
 (In Syr. idem. Root bn> which in 
 Arabic signifies to press together, to 
 make round.) See Celsii Hierobot. 
 T. II. p. 377379. 
 
 rhy^i Ezek. 6: 14. fi^nbn'n 
 
 Num. 33: 46. and lanj-i^^Q*:] T^^ 
 
 Jer. 48 : 22. proper name of a 
 city of Moab, Jerome (Gnom- 
 
 y^\ and pin"!, fut. paT' , infin. inpii. 
 (In Syr. -Ci.05 adhcesit ; Arab. 
 
 ^^-^O firmiter adhcesit.) 
 I 
 
 1. to cleave or stick to, to adhere; 
 construed with n, b,orVN. Ps.l02: 
 
 6. Lam. 4: 4 ^N 'p^'^ X^'^i^ p5'^ 
 isrt the tongue of the suckling cleaves 
 to his palate, (from thirst, dryness.) 
 Ps. 22: 16. The same phrase is al- 
 so used in another sense. Job 29:10 
 npni DSrjb D^rCi^n their tongue 
 clave to their palate, i. e. they were 
 silent, (from veneration, respect.) 
 Ps. 137: 6. (comp. Hiph. Ezek. 3: 
 26.) Deut. 13: 18 let nothing cleave 
 to thine hand, i. e. purloin nothing. 
 Job 31: 7. 
 
 2. to attach one's self to a person, 
 to keep by him. Ruth 2: 8, 21. con- 
 strued with 2, verse 23. Hence to 
 slick close to, or to love, e.g. the 
 king, God, one's wife, construed 
 with 3, or ^, Deut. 10: 20. 1 1: 22. 
 2 Sam\ 20 : 2. 1 K. 1 1 : 2. Josh. 23 : 
 12. Gen. 2:24. 34:3. with '^'nm , 
 Ps. 63: 9 '^I'^^inj^ "^"ijsja ^^Ji^'ii ^^y *<^"^ 
 cleaveth to thee. 
 
 3. to overtake any one, constru- 
 ed with an ace. with 2, or with 
 ^^nwN. Gen. 19 : 19. Deut. 28 : 60. 
 Jer.' 42: 16 cr^'^inN psn-; d'^ it 
 
 [hunger) shall overtake you there. 
 Synonymous with ^''tori . See Hiph. 
 no. 3. 
 
 Pu. pass, to cleave together. Job 
 38:38. 41:9. [17.] 
 
 Hiph. 1. caus. of Kal no. 1. to 
 cause to cleave or stick. Ezek. 3: 26. 
 29:4. Jer. 13: 11. 
 
 2. to pursue ; construed with an 
 ace. Judg 18: 22. 2 Sam. 1: 6. and 
 with '^*inN, Judg. 20: 45 ^p'^2'7^3 
 1"i1ln&$ and they pursued him. 1 Sam. 
 14:" 22. 31:2. 
 
na' 
 
 139 
 
 131 
 
 3. to overtake^ i. q. Kal no. 3. Gen. 
 31:23. Judg. 20: 42. also causat. 
 to make to overtake^ Deut. 28: 21. 
 
 Hoph. to cleave or adhere. Ps. 
 22: 16. 
 
 py^^ Chald. idem. Dan. 2: 43. 
 
 pD'n verbal from p^'^, dec. V. a. 
 cleaving, adhering. 2 K. 3: 3. Prov. 
 18:24. 
 
 pD'1 m. verbal from pntj, dec. VI. h. 
 
 1. the soldering or welding of 
 metals. Is. 41: 7. 
 
 2. plur. D'^pSl 1 K. 22 : 34. 2 
 Chr. 18 : 33. probably the joints of 
 the coat of mail. So the Chald. 
 Others: shoulders; comp. Chald. 
 r|V *'|72n^ Jer. 38: 12 Targ. 
 
 I-* '^ I. prob. as its primary significa- 
 tion, to lead, to drive, (as in the Syr. 
 
 r^?, and in Arab. conj. II.) Comp. 
 Hiph. Hence the deriv. ^ii, 
 
 2. to put in order, to arrange, 
 connect, (as in Arabic ;) and hence 
 to connect words, to speak, serere 
 verba, (whence sermo.) In Kal found 
 only in the part, isi and ^n"! 
 Prov. 25:11. and in the iniin. Tr-ill 
 Ps. 51 : 6. But much more com- 
 mon in 
 
 Pi. ^s"^, ^2-, fut. ^s'l'; . 
 
 1 . to speak, loquor, (difffirent from 
 *^J2i< to say, dico, which is followed 
 by t'he words spoken ; see ^l^N no. 
 1.) (1.) used absolutely. Job 11: 
 5-^2T nV:^N in'; "^73 O that God 
 would speak. Is. 1 : 2 ^an n^rr"; "^3 
 for Jehovah speaketh. (2.) constru- 
 ed with an ace. (in cases where 
 ^J2i\ is likewise used.) Ex. 6: 29 
 
 "^""^i^, ^31 speak thou to Pharaoh all 
 which I say to thee.24:l ^5- ^u:w\-i^3 
 J-jipy: n^n") all which Jehovah says, 
 we will do. Jer. 1: 17. Dan. 10: 11. 
 Jon. 3 : 2, Frequently in such 
 phrases as the following, ^21 
 pnir, S7S, NVij, ^pu: to speak de- 
 ceit, falsehood, lying, righteousness, 
 
 Ps. 101 : 7. Is. 45:19. 59:3. Dan. 
 U: 27. Hos. 10: 4 d'^ni'l ^"IS"! they 
 speak (vain) words, i. e. give words 
 for deeds, verba dant. (3.) very 
 rarely, followed by the words 
 spoken; like 'l^JN , or perhaps 
 ^)2i<b being undersTood. Gen. 41: 
 17. Ex. 32:7 rT4? K^. ilW '^'^"l'\l 
 -^]: and Jehovah said unto Moses, 
 ^o,etc. 1 K. 21 : 5. 2 K. 1: 7, 9. 
 Ezek. 40: 4. Dan. 2: 4. 
 
 The person spoken to or addres- 
 ed, is most commonly preceded by 
 b or bv\, also by D>% Gen. 31: 29. 
 Deut. 5:^4. by DN (nN,) Gen. 23: 
 8. 42: 30. and by a, especially in 
 the sense of a revelation from a 
 higher being, Zech. 1 : 9 ^i^jV^li 
 "^3 ^^^'^il the angel who spake with 
 me. verse 14. 2:7. [3.] 4: 1,4 
 if. Hab.2:l. Jer, 31:20. Num.12: 
 6, 8. In one instance the person 
 spoken to is put in the ace. Gen. 37: 
 4. (Comp. If'yicv nva to say to any 
 one., and of any one.) 
 
 The person or thing spoken of, 
 is put in the accus. Ruth 4 : 1 btihll 
 U'2 "^2^ ^'iJiNt *^^y the kinsman pass- 
 ed by, of whom Boaz had sppken,quem 
 dixerat Boaz. Gen. 19:21. 23: 16. or 
 is preceded by 2 , 1 Sam. 19:3 
 ^^5^ bN n2 ^2'lN *^:5<} and I will 
 speak to my father concerning thee. 
 or by b^, 1 K. 2 : 19. especially 
 where the promises or oracles of 
 God are spoken of, 1 K. 2: 4. Dan. 
 9: 12. Jer. 25: 13. 42: 19. 
 
 The person spoken against is 
 preceded by b^, Ps. 109 : 20. Jer. 
 6: 10. 29:32. Deut. 13:6. or by a, 
 Num.21 : 7 ^121 Jl'iiT^2 ^3^2'^ we 
 have spoken against Jehovah, and 
 against thee. Job 19: 18. Ps. 50: 
 20. 78:19. 2 "^3^1^ also signifies 
 to speak by or through any one, (i.q. 
 n:2 n?.-,) Num. 12:2. 2 Sam. 23: 
 2. "1 K. 22: 28. 
 
 The following applications and 
 combinations of this word ought to 
 be noticed; (l.) to promise, Deut. 
 19:8. Jon. 3: 10. Construed with 
 an ace. Deut. 6 : 3. (2.) b? ^5"^ 
 'b Sb to speak to any one in a friends 
 
nni 
 
 140 
 
 im 
 
 ly manner^ especiall}'-, to comfoH 
 him. (Comp. nccQUf^iv&eOficcc^ to ad- 
 dress, and also to comfort; so tlie 
 Lat. alloquor.) Gen. 34: 3. 50 : 21. 
 Ruth 2: 13. 2 Sam. 19:8. 2 Chr.30: 
 22. 32: 6. (3.) 12^ ):^J, bt< "^5." < 
 jpeaA: with one's self, or in one's heart, 
 to meditate. Gen. 24 : 45. 1 Sam. 1: 
 13 Mab b? n*12.'1'^ she spake in her 
 Aearf/ Also with nabs, 02^, Ecc. 1:1G. 
 2:15. Ps. 15:2. (4.)na'^t:, iiU ^21 
 bi* *o spertfc or promise good con- 
 cerning any one, spoken of God. 
 Num. 10 : 29. 1 Sam. 25: 30. Jer. 
 18:20. 'o bi' ^Ti^-i "nai <o wro- 
 nounce evil concerning any one, { K. 
 2^:23. Jer. 11: 17. 19: 15. 26: 19. 
 35: 14. 36: 31. This phrase is used 
 somewhat differently Est.7:9 '^:::'1'i73 
 
 ^V?-^I ''^^ ^^"^ '^T-1 ^'^^, Morde- 
 chai, who had spoken to the safety of 
 the king, (comp. 6 : 2.) (5.) ^ZT 
 b^.i ni< ninit: to speak kindly with 
 any one. 2 K. 25 : 28. Jer. 12: 6. 
 (6.) &lb'v23 "12^ to speak kindly or 
 peaceably; construed with &>', Ps. 
 28: 3. with n^{ , Jer. 9: 7. to wish 
 peace, or prosperity., construed with 
 bN, Ps. 85 : 9. with 2, Ps. 122: 8 
 ^2 n'^.b'D ^':-^^^2'^wN / wish thee 
 prosperity, with b , Est. 10: 3 ^21 
 ^"'li"'^"^ d^b'.^ wishing peace to 
 all his seed. Used ahsolutely, Ps. 35: 
 20 ^^IZI"; Dlbuj Nb they do not 
 speak peace. (7.) ni< X2BpJ2 12^ to 
 pass sentence against, also to contend 
 in law with any one. See t22U;73. 
 
 2. to destroy. 2 Chr. 22 : 10. 
 (comp. '^2^? in the parallel passage 
 2K. ll:"r.) Derived from the 
 primary signification, in this man- 
 ner ; first to drive away, then toper- 
 secute, to destroy. Hence ^2Tt pesti- 
 lence. (In xA.rab. con'^.U.to prepare for 
 death ; III. to be hostile.) 
 
 Pu. pass. Ps. 87: 3 ^2'173 n')l25: 
 ^2 glorious things are spoken, i. e. 
 de'^signed by God, concerning thee. 
 Cant. 8: 8 r72'i2'l''U: di^2 when one 
 
 shall speak for her, i. e. to have her 
 to wife. (Comp. 2 ^2" used in a 
 similar connexion 1 Sam, 25: 39.) 
 
 Niph. recip. of Pi. to speak to- 
 gether or among themselves, Mai. 3; 
 16. construed with 2, Ezek. 33: 30. 
 Ps. 1 19: 23. with b^ ,' Mai. 3: 13. 
 
 Hiph. prob. i. q. Kal no. 1. to 
 drive together., to subject, to subdue. 
 Ps. 18:48 "nnn 1DV2}2 'isn!i3 and 
 he subdued nations under me. 47: 4. 
 
 Ilithpa. i. q. Pi. no. 1. Found on- 
 ly in the part. ^2^7:3, 2 Sam. 14: 
 13. Ezek. 2: 2. 
 
 1-*^ m. verbal from ^2T, dec. IV.a. 
 
 T -r - T 
 
 1. word, Speech. '^"'bN "'b I^T / 
 have a word to say to thee. D*'^,!!'^ w"^if< 
 an eloquent man, Ex. 4 : 10. 
 'n2~ pa: skilful of speech, elo- 
 quent. 1 Sam. 16 : 18. Used particu- 
 larly to denote;, {].) command; as 
 r^Db/^""!-" royal command, Est. 
 1: ig'.l-Josh. 1: 13. 1 Sam. 17 : 29 
 
 i^^n 'i2'i ath'^ "^^^ ^^ '"'^^ ^ ^^*^" 
 
 mand 1 (2.) promise. 1 K. 2 : 4. 8: 
 20. 12: 16. Ps. 33:4. 56: 5. (3.) 
 sentiment, doctrine, instruction. Ecc. 
 1 : 1 nbrib '^'12' the words, or sen- 
 timents of Koheleth. Prov. 4 : 4, 20. 
 30: 1. 31 : 1. especially an oracle, 
 revelation, oVn"^ ^2'n "llll on ora- 
 cle from God was made known, con- 
 strued with bN , Jer. 1:4, 11. 2: 1. 
 13:8. Ezek 3:' 16. 6:1. 7: 1. 11:14. 
 withb?, lChr.22:8. Job4rl2 
 22^"' '^21 "'biSJ a divine oracle was 
 secretly revealed to me. (4.) Plur. 
 n'^'n2'l words, for narration, history. 
 Inbb'*^ ""7.^'^ '^^^ history of Solomon, 
 1 K. 11: 41*. nV2^'n ^'72'^ th history 
 of days, journal, chronicle, 1 Chr. 27: 
 24. Est. 6: 1. 
 
 2. matter, thing. (The same 
 change of signification is also found 
 
 in the Aram.nb?2, I A-ii.::D ; also in 
 
 D-;ns ; in the Arab. ^\ and 
 
 \^^ r i^; in the Greek t-no?, ^r/pcc.) 
 Ecc. 7 : 8. niT: ^^1'n this thing, 
 
nni 
 
 141 
 
 ttJril 
 
 this, Gen. 20 : 10. 21 : 11, 26. -p3 
 ri!?5<rT D^'^:3-vT all these things^ alt 
 this, Gen. 20 : 8. J-lTr: "1313 Gen. 
 18:25. 32:19. 44: 7. and^Q'^'^S'lS 
 nVxr: 24: 28. 39 : 17, 19. as this, 
 thus" .^^i^'Ti D'^n^Sirr "^Hi^ w/?07i 
 this, after this, 15: 1. 22: 1. 39: 7.~ 
 ai'' "i5'7 a f?ai/?/ rate or fasA: / hence 
 IJi'VZ nV 'nil rAe rfai'/^/ task in its 
 day, i.e. day by day, Ex. 5 : 13, 19. 
 lt>:4. Lev 23: 37. 1 K. 8 : 59. So 
 lDi'^2 DT"^ -15^3 2 Chr. 8 : 13. and 
 i?2r2 Di"" nnib verse 14.31: 16. 
 in the same sense. Often redun- 
 dant, like the Greek ygrifxa, 1 Sam. 
 10: 2 ni:inJ<rT '^-iS'^ riwN TpntJ wc:3 
 
 thy father has given up the asses. Ps. 
 65: 4 'S^ :ni5 n'i:ii'. "^nni iniqui- 
 ties prevail against me. Fs. 1 05: 27. 
 145:5. 
 
 3. something. Gen. 18: 14. 
 ^11 1''Nt, Nbwoi/iino-. 'nS'l""::^ every 
 thing, Num. 31 : 23. Deut. \1: 1. 
 NX513 *li" something unclean. Lev. 
 5: 2. ^ni nin? something shameful 
 or unbecoming, Deut. 23: 15. 24: 1. 
 comp. 2 K. 4:41. 1 Sam. 20 : 2. Also 
 in plur. D'^aiD Cni'^ something 
 good, 2 Chr. 'l 2: 12. '^'' 
 
 4. manner, state, conditioji. 1 K. 9: 
 15 01212 lil nj this is the manner 
 of the levy.' Deut. 15:1. 19:4. 
 
 (Comp. n-^n-:! ) 
 
 5. cause. Josh. 5: 4. Hence ^5 
 *^5'^ on. account of by reason of. 
 Gen. 12: 17. 20 : 11. 43: 18. ):^ 
 ^^31 idem, Deut. 4:21. Jar. 7: 22. 
 14:1. ^ipvN ^51 "b'J before verbs, 
 because, Deut. 22: 24. 23: 5. 2Sam. 
 13:22. (Comp. rrnai.) 
 
 6. a suit at law, causa. Ex. 18: 16 
 nni anb H^HI '^ if they have a 
 suit at law. verse 22. 22 : 8. -^3 b" 
 ^pB "in"! in every suit concerning a 
 breach of trust. 24: 14 D'^liT p^'? 
 one who has a law-suit. 
 
 'IH'^ m. plur. D^^ai, verbal from 
 ^5'=i -> <Jec. VI. a. pestilence. Ex. 9: 
 
 3. Lev. 26:25. Deut. 23: 21. Hos. 
 
 13: 14. (In Arab. f^O death; in 
 Heb. comp. "izi no. 2. The ideas 
 r?ca//i and pesii/ence are often expres- 
 sed by the same word, see niTa no. 
 
 "|3" i. q. "lata verbal from "iSI 
 no. 1. dec. VI. p . a fold, pasture. 
 Mic. 2: 12. Is. 5 : 17. (Comp. Syr. 
 
 .c 7 .P f 
 
 lr^5 and U^J o /eW; Arab- 
 
 ni1^" plur. fem. verbal from ^z^i , 
 floats or rafts, from their being im- 
 pelled or driven along. 1 K. 5: 23. 
 [9-2 
 
 ilin'l f. verbal from ^iT, 1. i, q. 
 ^ai'^ no. 4. state^ condition, manner. 
 Ps. 110: 4 thou art a priest forever 
 p'l:^ 'Sb^ Tinm b5> after the man- 
 ner 0/ Melchisedek. (The ''is 
 paragogic, see GeSenius' Lehrgeb. 
 p. 547.) 
 
 2. i q. ^il no. 5. Crtusc. Hence 
 rr^il'l rSJ on account of, Ecc. 3:18. 
 
 8: 2.* -r n^a'7 r^ so that, Ecc. 7: 
 14. 
 
 3. i. q. 'liT no. 6. suit at law, 
 matter in controversy. Job. 5: 8. 
 
 nnn'^ f. Chald. cause. Dan. 2: 30 
 
 "'l-nnn'l b? so </m^, to the end 
 that. "'' 
 
 JIIS'm f. verbal from ^i-r, plur. 
 n'il3'5 ivords, oracles. Found on- 
 ly Deut. 33: 3 'rj'^ni^s-l^J N^to^ he 
 {Israel) receives of thy oracles or 
 commands. So Sept. Vulg. Others 
 read, with a change of the vowel 
 points, '^^ri'ia'lT: N'r"; he (Jehovah) 
 undertakes the guidance of thee, as if 
 n^a'i^j were a verbal from ^"'i 
 noil : ' 
 
 l^yi m. prim, with suff. v^n- , dec. 
 
 VI. r. (Arab. (j>^0 .) 
 
 1. honey. Lev. 2:11. 1 Sam. 14: 
 
b^^ 
 
 142 
 
 n^i 
 
 26, 27, 30, 45. Prov. IG: 24. 24:13. 
 2. wine sirup^ new 7vine boiled 
 down to the conaistency of sirup^ 
 (Greek i'^iy^f^u ; Lat. sopa^ defru- 
 tum ; Ital. mosto cotlo ;) an article, 
 which at the present day is export- 
 
 rtnnN and his banner over me is love. 
 (The versions render it, on account 
 of the context, band^ a meaning 
 kindred to that already given; 
 comp. the old German Fahnlein, 
 a Jlag^ also a band of soldiers.) 
 
 ed from Palestine, especially from L*... . . , 
 
 the country about Hebron, to E- '^^i denom. from !:^T , to carry or 
 
 raise up standards, Ps. 20 : 6 DT2)2 
 bflTD ^D''?7ipN to the honour of pur 
 God we will raise up banners {of 
 victory.) (Sept. fjnyulvvB^jao^itdu^ 
 probably because they read bl.:J5.) 
 Part. pass. "^"^Tt probably distin- 
 guished, chief (like insignis from 
 signum^) Cant. 5:11 my beloved is 
 fair and ruddy^ illi'lT: ]:^^T distin- 
 guished before ten thousand. 
 
 Niph. to be provided with flags or 
 banners. Cant.6:4,10 rri^-^nr^ lr!73.';i<: 
 terrible as those provided with ban- 
 ners^ probably a poetical phrase for 
 
 gypt. Gen. 43:11. Ezek. 27:17. 
 See E. F. C. Rosenmiiller on Gen. 
 43: 11. 
 
 np?.M f. dec. Xlll. 
 
 i. according to the connexion, 
 the Vulg. Chald. Syr. a bunch or 
 protuberance on the back of a cam- 
 el. Once Is. 30 : 6. (The etymol- 
 ogy is unknown.) 
 
 2. name of a place. Once Josh, 
 19: 11. 
 
 y^\ m. prim. dec. II. a. once y^'^ q.v. 
 "Plur. a^^'i, ^r,"! ; afsh. Jon.2:f, 1 1. 
 Gen.9:2.Num."l 1:22. 1K.4:33. Hence 
 the verbs tlAT to increase like fish- 
 and 5^T to fish. 
 
 es 
 
 armies^ or warlike camps. Symm. ojg 
 Tayf^iuTU nocQff^i^oXMv. 
 
 T\y^\ fem. of 5"^ , dec. XI. a. idem. 'J^'n m. dec. IV. a. corn.^ grain. Gen. 
 Deut. 4:18. Jon. 2:2. in other Y7: 28, 37. Num. 18: 26. (In Arab, 
 places used collectively, like nO^D, 
 Ex. 7: 18, 21. Num. 11:5. 
 
 f^y^^ denom. from 
 
 (^2-jO idem ) 
 
 n j,"^ ^ to increase.^ -bL, 
 
 ishes. Once Gen: '-*i ^- ^^ ^"^^'"''^ ^'"P "/^' ''Pl^^'^^' 
 
 multiply .^ like iish 
 48: 16. Comp. 'ji3. 
 
 'jl^'n m. (denom. from ^i'n a fish.,) Da- 
 goH, an idol of the Philistines at 
 Ashdod. From 1 Sam. 5:4, it seems 
 to have resembled a fish in the low- 
 er part, with a human head and 
 hands. Such deities are very com- 
 mon on that coast, as the idols Der- 
 ceto and Atergatis prove. Comp. 
 De Wette's Hebr. jiid. Arch'aologie, 
 p. 282. 
 
 <^*>. m. with suff. ib^^, Plur. C'^^^'i , 
 const, '^'r.^'^i ; dec. VI. h. standard.^ 
 flog.) banner. In the march of the 
 
 particularly to a female bird''s gath- 
 ering her eggs or yourig ones, and 
 brooding over them. (In Chald. 
 idem.) Jer.l7:ll nb" Nbl "n^T N^p 
 asthe partridge broods over eggs^which 
 she has not laid^ so he that acquires 
 riches.^ but not by right., etc. Sept. 
 7Tt()diS Ohwrjyc('/fi>, a ovx tTfXfv. 
 Is. 34: 1 5 she lays her eggs, and hatch- 
 es Jhem^ and gathers {her young) un- 
 der her shadow. Vulg. in both pas- 
 sages correctly : fovere. 
 
 T^, whence dual D'^'nT, dec. VIII. h. 
 breasts., i.q. D";"!'^. Ezek. 23 : 3, 8, 
 
 -,..,..., 21. Prov. 5: 19.' 
 
 Israelites through the wilderness, ^^^^ 
 
 each of the twelve tribes had its ^7 'i < move slowly or solemnly, par- 
 
 m*!J< or lesser standard ; and every ticularly in a festival procession, 
 
 three tribes, its b?~ ov greater stan- (In Chald. and Talmud, ^"^r^ to lead 
 
 dard. Num. 1: 52. 2: 2, 3, 10, 18, slowly, e. g. a child.) Found only 
 
 25. 10: 14 tr. Cant. 2:4 -^b" *i!::'Tl in Hithpa.^Ps. 42: 5 n"^2-ny D"^-N 
 
^r:", 
 
 143 
 
 Trt 
 
 d'^Sn'bi^. fl* I moved in procession with 
 them to the house of God. The suf- 
 fix pronoun D-;^ is used here for 
 t3723^ , unless we prefer to point the 
 verb, as if in Piel ffl/lNl as I led 
 them. Is. 38: 15 "b^ "^nirij-^s n".'ii< 
 ^JJCS ^^ I will go in solemn procession 
 (to the temple) all my years, on ac- 
 cov,nt of the sufferings of my 507, 
 namely, those out of which God 
 had delivered him. 
 
 1 1*1' P'"^- ^'^".'T^ ) proper name of a 
 people and country m Arabia, fre- 
 quently mentioned in connexion 
 with places in Idumea. Jer. 25: 23. 
 49: 8. Ezek. 25: 13. 27: 15, 20. is. 
 21 : 13. There was a Dedan, the 
 grandson of Cush, Gen. 10 : 7. and 
 another, the grandson of Abraham 
 by Keturah, Gen. 25: 3. Hence it is 
 not impossible that there were dif- 
 ferent tribes known by this name. 
 
 ID'^ST^ masc. plur. Gen. 10: 4. pro- 
 per name of a people,situated to the 
 west of the Hebrews, perhaps of 
 Grecian origin. The proper name 
 of a people or place is frequently 
 so altered and corrupted in a for- 
 eign language, as greatly to ob- 
 scure the original appellation. This 
 appears to be the case here. Do- 
 danim is usually thought to have 
 some connexion with Dodona in Ep- 
 irus. But the Samar. text,and Sept. 
 inGen.and the Heb. in 1 Chr. 1: 7. 
 read D'^31h, which the Sept. ren- 
 ders 'Podtoi.) and Bochart refers to 
 the river Rhodanus or Rhone. 
 
 I3l'n m. Chald. emph. H^'ni , gold^ 
 i. q. Heb. nnt. Dan. 2:32. 3: 1, 5, 
 
 7. 
 
 "^.in*?. (' Kethib NlJ^n) masc. plur. 
 Chald. proper name of a people, 
 from which a colony was carried 
 by the Assyrians to Samaria. Ezra 
 4: 9. Comp. the Dace or Dahce, 
 above mt. Imaus and the Caspian 
 sea, in Quint. Curt. (iv. 12.) joined 
 with the Susiani, as is the case in 
 our passage. 
 
 ^Tpl found only in part. Niph. Jer. 
 14: 9 DtTl3 UJ'^iXS as one taken by 
 surprise, perplexed, or astonied. (In 
 Arab. *^0 to fall upon suddenly, 
 e. g. as misfortune, the night ; 
 jfj^i^\J fatuus.) Others : as one ac- 
 cidentally passing by, since *A(J al- 
 so signifies supervenit, accidit. 
 
 ")Jl.'i to pursue, chase, move quickly, 
 spoken of a horse or rider. Nah. 3: 
 2 'nili D^D the prancing horse. 
 Hence. 
 
 ri"ll/i f. verbal from nJi*^^ dec. X. 
 purs^iiit, rapid movement, haste. Judg. 
 5: 22 then the hoofs of the horses 
 struck the earth, ni^ni m'^^lri^T: 
 Vy^Z^from the haste, the haste of 
 their heroes, i. e. their riders. (See 
 Bocharti Hieroz. P.i. p.97. Michae- 
 lis Supplem. p. 401.) 
 
 ii^Tl i. q. ni a bear, (q. v.) 
 
 ivj i.q. ij*}":; to languish, faint. (Arab. 
 O'*-^ idem ; Syr. t.:DO? to melt, dis' 
 solve.) Hiph. cans. Lev. 26: 16. 
 
 ^^"u and ^^"n denom. from i'^ ; to 
 fish. Jer. 16: 16 n^5"'nT and they 
 shall fish them. Deri v. ji^-i and :\^'2 
 fisher. 
 
 5*^*^ m. verbal from :i:i", dec. I. b. 
 ^fisher. Ezek. 47: 10. and Jer. 16: 16 
 Kethib. 
 
 n^^" f. verbal from i^i'^, fishery. A- 
 mos4:2ii51'7 r\i'^^'D fishhooks. 
 
 11'^ m. with suff. also defectively 
 ill, "t;^!, dec. I. a. 
 
 1 . one beloved.a friend, lover. Cant. 
 1: 13, 14,16. 2:3,8,9, 10, 16, 17 
 ff. Plur. D^ll"^, 5: 1. (Root m i.q. 
 
 11^ = Arab. 0% to love.) 
 
 2. father^s brother, uncle by the fa- 
 
 ther''s side. {Syr. I > 2') Lev. 10: 4. 
 18: 24. 20:20. 1 Sam. 10: 14. 16: 
 15. Est. 2:15. Jer. 32: 7,8,9. In 
 verse 12, it appears to stand for 
 
nil 
 
 144 
 
 nil 
 
 '^il )Z, (Comp. in Chald. S'^an one 
 beloved ; f^l'^ian an uncle ; and 
 Nnia'^l^rt a mother-in-law.) 
 
 3. plur. 'D'^'y; love, amoves. Cant. 
 1:2,4. 4; 10. Ezek.l6:8 U^^i n^ sea- 
 son of love., mature age. 23: 17 S^U^Ta 
 D'^'Tl bed of love. Pro v. 7: 18 riDb 
 C^IT T\\^2 come on, let us drink 
 deeply of love. 
 il'jTI fem. of n'^T, dec. X. father^s 
 
 brother'' s wife .^ father'' s sister. Ex. 6: 
 20. Lev. 18:14. 20:20. 
 
 *TT^ 1. dec. VI. (i. pot., kettle. Job 41: 
 12.[20.] lSam.2:14, Plur. n"^-|;'^, 
 
 2Chr. 35: 13. (Syr. fjo/i a great 
 
 pot\ hpi a kettle-, Samar. ii^m 
 2)ots.) 
 
 2c dec. I. basket. Jer. 24: 2. a la- 
 bourer's basket, Ps. 81:7. Plur. D'^ln*:;, 
 2K.10:7. 
 
 '71/1 m. (prob. beloved., from '11':7= 
 ^ril io /ore,) Dazid. son of Jesse, 
 king of Israel. 1 Sara, xvi. ff. 2 Sam. 
 1 Chr. xii. XXX. Tj- I'^y f/i 01^2/ 
 of David, Zion, 1 k73: 1. 8: 1. 9: 
 24. TJ- n^zi iAe posterity of David, 
 the royal family of the kingdom of 
 Jiidah, Is. 7:2, 13. Jer. 21: 12. In 
 the later books, such as Chronicles, 
 Ezra, Nehemiah, Zechariah, it is 
 written T"]", in the earlier books 
 more rarely. 
 
 1. Q*'&^'11" masc. plur. a plant having 
 a (pleasant) smell. Cant. 7 : 14. and 
 supposed to render barren women 
 fruitful. Gen. 30: 14,15,16. Ac- 
 cording to the ancient ver- 
 sions, the mandrake, {atropa man- 
 dragoray Linn.) an herb with a 
 turnip-shaped root, white and red- 
 dish flowers, and reddish fruit of the 
 size of small apples. The fruit ri- 
 pens from May to July, and is 
 thought, in the east, at the present 
 day, to help conception. See 
 Schulze's Leitungen des Hiichsten, 
 Th. V. p. 197. Herbelot's Biblio- 
 
 theque orientale, p. 17. Also Celsii 
 Hierobot. T. I. p. 1 ff. Michaelis 
 Supplera. p. 410 ff. Oedmaun's 
 verm. Sammlungcn aus der Natur- 
 kunde no. 5. p. 94 ff. The form of 
 the singular was probably '^'l^'n am- 
 atoriusy from "1^"= "^^r^amator, by 
 adding the Aramean adjective ter- 
 mination -^^ ; hence the plural 
 D-'^i'ii'r;, as -^"n^:, plur. D"'^iSi. Comp. 
 
 II. D'^l^n^'7 plur. baskets. Jer. 24: 1. 
 
 see T!i-no. 2. 
 ill'^ 1. to be sick, out of health, infirm, 
 
 (In Arab. v^^O idem.) Hence the 
 
 derivatives >n , ''^n and n'i'173. 
 Particularly to be sick, as females 
 during their monthly courses, Lev. 
 12:2 nn'^'l n^3 separation for un- 
 cleanness on account of her courses. 
 (This phrase is nearly inverted 15: 
 33.) Comp. !n;j-i. 
 
 2. to be sad. See Ttl'n. 
 ril/i verbal adj. from !mi. 1. sick, as 
 females with their monthly courses. 
 Lev. 15: 33 nn'Si M1~n one who 
 
 T T : T T ~ 
 
 is sick with her monthly courses, also 
 without addition^ 20: 18. Is. 30: 22 
 Jl^*^ 13 D*\Tn thou shalt cast 
 them away as an unclean garment, i. 
 e. as a garment soiled by this dis- 
 ease. 
 
 2. faint, sad, spoken of the heart. 
 Lam. 5: 17. 
 
 3. unhappy. Lam. 1: 13. (In Syr. 
 
 |0?<o be sad, to be unhappy; Aph. 
 to afflict, make unhappy ; \*0J tm- 
 
 -P P A 
 
 happy ; poo? affliction, unhappi^ 
 ness.) 
 Hi's found only in Hiph. )i"''in. 
 
 1. to drive away, cast out, Jer.51: 
 34. Comp. the kindred forms tTi3 
 
 and TiTll' (In Arab, ^'o to he vile 
 
 and abject ; conj. VI. to cast away.) 
 
 2. to wash, to purify ; e. g. a 
 
12^^ 
 
 145 
 
 311 
 
 burnt offering, 2 Chr. 4 : 6. Ezek. 
 40: 38. to wash away blood-guilti- 
 ness, Is. 4: 4. 
 
 i*im. verbal from tiT" \. sickness. 
 Ps. 41: 4 "^T":! tJ^.:^ tie sick-bed. 
 
 2. impurity^ loathsomeness. Job 6: 
 6, 7 ca7i ^Aa^ which is unsavoury be 
 eaten without salt ? is thete taste in 
 the white of an eg^ ? 1 can not touch 
 it, ^J2tib ^n^D n"2Jl and this is as the 
 loathsomeness of my food^ i. e. as my 
 loathsome food.Others,less correct- 
 ly, make '^I'lS i. q. i-ip as. 
 
 ''^'^ m. verbal from 'n'll, sick, faint, 
 spoken of the heart/ Is. 1: 5. Jer. 
 8:18. Lam. 1:22. 
 
 ^M'l i. q. inlD'^ to pound or bruise in 
 
 pieces. Num. 11:8. (Arab. ^ \o 
 idem.) Hence n^'iT: a mortar. 
 
 V&^^y^if, Lev. 11: 19. Deut. 14:18. 
 name of an unclean bird ; according 
 to the Sept. Vulg. and Arab, the 
 hoopoe. The etymology presents no- 
 thing definite,although we may com- 
 pare theArab.^^O the cock. Simo- 
 nis derives the last syllable ris 
 
 from the Arab. \'\3 excrevit stercus ; 
 and adopts the interpretation, dung- 
 cock, i. e. the hoopoe. The Chal- 
 daic translator renders it mountain 
 cock, probably deriving it from 
 i<5'^3 ^n gallus rupis. Comp. Bo- 
 charti Hieroz. T. II. p. 346. 
 Q^'m an obsolete root, i.q. t2tt* no. T. 
 to be silent. Hence the three fol- 
 lowing derivatives. 
 
 > AJ*^ f. verbal from obs. S^*;; . 
 
 1. the land of silence, the regions 
 of the dead. Ps. 94: 17. 115: 17. 
 
 2. proper name of an Ishmaelit- 
 ish tribe in Arabia. Gen. 25 : 14. 
 Is. 21 : 11. Modern geographers 
 make mention of a place called Du- 
 mah and Dumathalgandel {the rocky 
 Dumah,) in a rocky valley on the 
 borders of Syria and Arabia. See 
 
 19 
 
 Michaelis Supplem. p. 419. Nie- 
 buhr's Arabien, p. 344. 
 
 iTi^^DI'l f. verbal from obs. d:ii. 
 
 *1. silence. Ps.39:3Jl*nn *n^^N!5 
 / was dumb (in) silence, i. e. 1 was 
 dumb and silent. 
 
 2. silent submission to God. Ps. 
 62: 2 I'iJDD ^l^^'l d''ii::N!"bfi< my 
 soul is {entire) subinission to God. 
 65: 2 SiViin n^TDin Tib io thee {is 
 due) submission {and) praise. 
 
 3. quietness, peace, Ps. 22: 3. 
 
 IS'DT^adv. from obs. ^i\'ri to be silent. 
 
 T 
 
 1. in silence. Is. 47 : 5 d?2^^ "^i'^J 
 sit thou in silence. Hab. 2: 19 "Jiifi* 
 d?3!Ti the silent motionless stone ; 
 (the adverb is here used as a noun 
 in the genitive ; comp tilt].) 
 
 2. submissively, with confidence 
 in God. Lam. 3: 26. 
 
 pl2352'^'^ a proper name, 2 K. 16:10. 
 i. q- p^TS.l or pi!)73'i2 Damascus; 
 but occurring more rarely. The 
 same form is found in Syriac. 
 
 I'l'l or "jTn prob. i. q. 'ji^ to judge, 
 also to rule, direct, govern. (Hence 
 ji^j^ lord.) Gen. 6: 3 ^n^l ]il^-R"b 
 Db'^i"!? DINl my spirit shall not al- 
 ways rule or act in man. The spir- 
 it of God appears here, as in Ps. 
 104:30, to be the animating princi- 
 ple in creatures ; hence this mean- 
 ing : / will take away from man the 
 breath of life, they shall live no long- 
 er. The Septv renders "jiT^ by 
 xuTu^eivri ; Vulg. permanebit ;^Syr. 
 Arab, ha'bitabit ; (perhaps because 
 they read DTT*, from Dll, which in 
 Arab, signifies to continue.) Others 
 
 make "ji" i.q. Arab. (*)]0{med.Fau) 
 to be vile, to be contemned ; hence 
 they render the passage : my spirit 
 shall not always be debased in man. 
 See on this text Michaelis Supplem. 
 p. 423. Vater's Comment, in locum. 
 Rosenmiiller de Vers. Pentat. Per- 
 sica, p. 19. 
 
 j'UX^i and531'M m. prim, wax, Ps.68:3. 
 "97:5. Mic. 1; 4. 
 
IV 
 
 146 
 
 "11-1 
 
 Y'l'^ i- ({' Syr- tO? to dance^ leap^ ex- 
 ult, i oh ^\ : 14 [22] yrinn T'as^l 
 riJ^~ and sorrow exults before him. 
 
 p'1'1 Chald. i.q. pj5'l, intrans. ^o he 
 broken in pieces. Plur. ^p", Dan. 2: 
 35. 
 
 "ihlandH" m. 1. age^ generation, 
 
 (Root "i:)- i. q. Arab. j>fo fo *^o a- 
 6o?</, <o more in a circle ; comp. Lat. 
 periodus. The Arabic word corres- 
 ^ 5 c ^ 
 
 ponding lo the Heb. ^T" is y^^a 
 
 m/ie, age., century^ eternity ; comp. 
 similar commutations under the let- 
 
 tern. Yet we also find (^1 rM the 
 two ages^ the present and future life.) 
 Deut, 23:2,3,9 '^n^'^Ji;, ^'^"'b^ 'ni~ 
 the third., the tenth generation. Job 
 42: 16. Judg. 2: 10 ^m "li" anof/i- 
 cr generation. Num. 32 : 13 dh~1^* 
 ni'^n-pS till the whole generation 
 was consumed. ^IT ^'-^ from gen- 
 gration to generation., for ever and 
 ever., a phrase employed to denote 
 a long time, Ps. 61:7. Joel 2: 2 n? 
 *'^'ll "IT "^I'P to the years of the re- 
 
 6. 73: 15. 112: 2. and sometimes in 
 a bad sense, Deut. 32: 5 W'pj^^ ^i^ 
 
 yr\'bT)'D'^ a perverse and crooked gen- 
 eraiion, verse 20. Jer. 7 : 29 'n'l 
 in^l35> i/ic generation with which he 
 is angry. 
 
 3. dwelling., i. q. Arab. J^lO.Is.38: 
 12. Ps. 49 : 20 l^ninN ^i"! the 
 dwelling of his father s.^\.Q. the grave. 
 (See the verb ^nm.) 
 
 Plur. h'^-r\'^ and ni^'l , (both 
 masc.) but used in different connex- 
 ions. The former occurs only in 
 the phrase &"''1T1 'ni'l generations 
 of generations., secula seculoriim., i. e. 
 eternity, Ps. 72: 5. 102:25. Is. 51:8. 
 Elsewhere the plural with termina- 
 tion m* uniformly occurs. This 
 plural denotesalso/uiure generations, 
 posterity, Lev. 23: 43 riir'i;; )^J2h, 
 Dp."^nhiT so that your posterity may 
 know." 22: 3. Num.9: 10 ii< ClDb 
 DS'^ni^lb to you or to your posterity. 
 15:14. Often in the legal phrase 
 dp."'riilb dhi^ npn aji eternal stat- 
 ute for your future generations fhev. 3: 
 17. 16:9. 23:14,31,41. and in asimi- 
 lar manner, Gen. 17:7, 9, 12. Ex. 
 12:14, 17. 16:32,33. 
 
 motest generations. Ps. 45: 18 -b:D2 -|!^-^ ^^ '^^^ j^gh. 17: 11. and 
 nini '111 in all future generations. ^^^-j j^^:, *ii- rTfD2 Josh. 1 1:2.12:23. 
 145: 13. Applied also to time past, 1 K. 4: 11. proper^ name of a city 
 Deut. 32: 7 l^l ni rii;"i3 the -years with a harbour, not far from mount 
 of past generations. Is. 58: 12. 60: Carmel. It occurs 1 Mac. 15: 11 ff. 
 15. For ever is also expressed by ""der the name Jcoga. 
 'I-T nV;:, Ex.3: 15. "iiT ^"i^, Ps. 10:6. ^^^'^ i. as in Arabic, to move in a cir- 
 33: 11.' 49: 14. Joel 4 : 20. [3:20.] cle. Deriv. ^i" no. 1. and '^^l. 
 ^11 ^1 1^, Ps. 109: 5. Is. 13: 20. 2. as in Chaldaic, to dwell. Ps. 
 
 ^I'ni^, Ex. 17: It). In the time 84:11. Deriv. *11T no. 2. 
 of the patriarchs,an age appears to -^-,':j ^^ald. to dwell. Dan. 4:9,18. [4: 
 have been reckoned at 100 years ; i2:21.] Part. riN^, in Keri r'n^^, 
 (so originally among the Romans, ' ' ' :- 
 
 as is shown bv the word secu/um ; -Dan. 2 . 3d. 3. 31 b. 2b. Ueriv. 
 
 see Censorin.de die natali, cap.l7.) ">1^ ' ^^'^^.^ ^^"^^^r 
 Hence Gen. 15:16 in t/je /owri/i "I'^'l m. verbal from *^ 511. 
 generation they shall return hither. 
 
 This is explained in verse 13, and 
 in Ex. 12: 40, to be 400 years. 
 
 2. a race or class of men ; some- 
 times in a good sense, Ps. 14: 5. 24: 
 
 3 
 
 5o / 
 
 1. circle. (Arab. jtn^O.) Is. 29 
 'ni'^lS as tn o circle., round about. 
 2' ball. Is. 22: 18. 
 3. round pile of wood or bones 
 
jn i 
 
 147 
 
 t\m 
 
 to push on, to drive on^ to press, is 
 found in many forms which appear 
 to be closely related. Comp. tj'l'^, 
 
 nrt'^ , mi , ^ni , pn^ , and n'l: ; 
 
 (in the dialects also \^^^Oy *^0^ 
 
 J 
 
 C^O, and orj':;, *-^?.) With these 
 
 for a fire. Ezek.24:5. (comp. n^^i'ilQ 
 verse 9.) 
 i^l'^'l Chald. proper name of a plain 
 in Babylonia. Dan. 3:1. According 
 to Polybius, (v. 48. comp. Isidor. 
 Characensis, p. 4.) it is in Mesopo- 
 tamia, at the mouth of the Cha- 
 boras. See Miscellan. Lips, nova, 
 T.V. p. 274. 
 
 ti'^'l and d*^'^ (Deut.25:4.) (In Arab. 
 
 ^]0, in Syr. .a5 .) 
 
 1. to tread do7i>n or under foot. rnlTM f. plur. "I-im, Chald.concu6inc 
 Job39:15. Hab. 3: 12. ' ' " *^ '^-^-' ,^f 
 
 2. to tread out corn, spoken of 
 the ox ; hence to thresh. (Comp. 
 the art. X^^Ti, 5^172.) Jer. 50:11 
 !r"ii:T Jlb^i! a threshing heifer. Hos. 
 10:11. Deut. 25:4. Spoken also of 
 the person leading the ox or heifer, 
 iChr. 21: 20 n'^t2n ^i:* p 
 
 the following roots may be compar- 
 ed, both as to sound and significa- 
 tion, ^:i-, ND"!, HD'^, ^DT, and 
 pn-, "^Ty^i to beat or bruise in pie- 
 ces. 
 
 |31N1 
 
 (Root Inrri i. q. Arab. V.:^0 and 
 / / 
 
 K^O subegitfeminam.) Dan. 6: 19 
 ^rri^nj^. !:5?wr|-ib 'i^n^'i and his 
 concubines he did not call in. Theo- 
 dot. and the Syr. food, 
 and pjj-j*Tj J j^^^ rj.^^ ^^j.^ ^^^^ jgj.^ 
 
 i'i i.q.nm. 
 
 Oman was threshing wheat. 23: 12, is properly derived from 
 
 3. spoken of a cruel mode ot ^j^j^ ^.^'^^ 
 capital punishment, sometimes in- 
 
 flicted by the Hebrews on their ^H -l, in pause ^H"., m. a falling, 
 prisoners, which consisted in draw- stumbling. Ps. 56: 14. 116:8. 
 
 ing over them a threshing ;vagon ^H'^ Chald. to be afraid, construed 
 armed with iron teeth. Am. 1:3. : 
 
 Niph. pass. ofKal no. I. Is. 25: with cnj^ 1^ of the person. Dan. 5: 
 
 19. Part. pass. bT^i terrible, Dan. 
 2:31. 7: 7. Comp. Heb. i^m no. 2. 
 
 Fa. Vm to terrify. Dan. 4: 2. [5.] 
 5 c J 
 
 ]tlri m. (Arab. ^2>-0.) Ezek. 4 : 9. 
 {holcus dochna, Linn.) a kind of 
 
 10. 
 
 Koph. pass. Is. 28:27. 
 Deriv. iL'^l, lim'^72. 
 
 'kD'I'n Chald. to tread underfoot. Dan. 
 7: 23. 
 
 nni to push down, to thrust away, 
 overthrow. Ps. 35 : 5. 118: ISJin"^ 
 VDSb "^^nTlT thou pushedst me down 
 so that 'ffeilUO : 5. Ps. 62: 4 -^na 
 tl''inill OL TSJa// thrown down. 
 
 'Niph. 1. pass, of Kal. Prov. 14 : 
 32. comp. Jer. 23 : 12, where sini'^ 
 borrows its form from urn. 
 
 gram, of which several species 
 were cultivated in Italy, Syria, and 
 Egypt. While green it served for 
 fodder, and the ripe grain was used 
 for making bread and starch. Comp. 
 Oedmann's verm. Sammlungen aus 
 der Naturkunde, Th.v.p. 92 of the 
 German translation. 
 
 2. to be cast out or driven away. ^*^t. / ^ t ^ -d i. ..y.- 
 
 ~>N^^'> W3 the outcasts o/ /.- ^H '* <a;,rm on, io Aa^ien. Part. }:i^m 
 rae/,"P8.'l4V*:'2. Is. 11: 12.56:8. hastened, concitatus, Est. 3: 15. 8: 
 
 Pu. pass, of Kal. Ps.36:13. 
 
 Deriv. -"n-, tinn^a. 
 
 Note. The same signification is 
 likewise found in Arab. Syr. and 
 Chald. The leading idea, to push, 
 
 14. 
 
 Niph. S|ll'7- to urge one'^s self on, 
 to make haste. 2 Chr. 26 : 20. Est. 
 6: 12. 
 
 Deriv. Piisn'ite. 
 
n 
 
 148 
 
 n 
 
 pn/l to push, press, oppress. Joel 2: 8. 
 Part, prri an oppressor (of a peo- 
 ple,) Judg. 2:18. (In Aram, more 
 frequent. In Arab. V^^0 to drive 
 hack or anaay.) 
 
 '^M, const, "^"i, with siiff. >'^i , dec. 
 
 "viii.j. ; 
 
 1. sufficient^ enough. Mai. 3: 10. 
 Est. 1 : 18 ri^ij-DT iVTi "^"l^T and 
 (there will be) contempt and alterca- 
 tion enough. The noun or pronoun, 
 which follows in the genitive, de- 
 notes regularly the person or thing, 
 to or for which there is a sufficien- 
 cy,Prov. 25:16 ^"^T what is sufficient 
 
 for thee. Ex. 36: 7 Q'^l sufficient for 
 them. Obad. 5. Jer.49:9. Lev. 5: 7 
 tit) *''l so much as is sufficient for a 
 sheep" 12:8. 25:26 iri^N^ ^'IS suf- 
 ficient for its redemption. Neb. 5: 8 
 5)22 "^'IS according to the sufficiency 
 in us, i. e. after our ability. The 
 genitive following denotes more 
 rarely that of which there is a suf- 
 ficiency, Prov. 27: 27 t:''T5> i^bll ''l 
 enough ofgoaCs milk. 
 
 2. The status constructus '^'i is 
 sometimes suffixed to the preposi- 
 tions 2,2. "j^j, without affecting their 
 signification ; as is likewise the 
 case with the syllable 173. Hence 
 (1.) ''12 i. q. 2. Job 39: 25 "^na 
 ^SVU for ^Diiia among the trumpets. 
 Jer. 51: 58.' Hab. 2 : 1.3. (2.) "'ns 
 i.q. S. Deut. 25 : 2 in^-u:"1 '^'13 ac- 
 cording to his fault. Judg. 6: 5 
 5n2.^N-'^'l3 as the locusts. (3.) 
 ^V^' Q- V^. 1 Sam. 7 : 16 ^r,j2 
 {ni'iii lnj^23yroOT?/ear /o year. Zech. 
 14:^6. l[s.66:23 r^innz Ui'lh "^173 
 /rom month to inonth. When used 
 before an infinitive, so often at, 1 
 Sam. 18:30 Dni^iZ ""Tj^a "^n^l a?i/ 
 it came to pass so often as they went 
 
 forth. Comp. 1 :*7. 1 K. 14 : 28 
 'r^l^^n tiin ''I'n '^l';} and it happen- 
 ed^ so often as the king came., etc. 
 Is 28 : 19. Jer. 20: 8 'n^'lwNt. '1J2 
 since I spake. 
 
 " Chald. i.q. Pleb. ^\?3wN{. (Syr. ?.) Et- 
 ymologically related to the Hebrew 
 demonst. "nl. 
 
 1. pron. relative, indec. who, 
 which., of both genders and num- 
 bers. The Aramean often inserts 
 ""1 in phrases, where the relative is 
 usually omitted in Hebrew; as be- 
 fore the prepositions 2, ^tJ ; e. g. 
 ljVii^^^2 -" i^^^"*?! '^/^e temple 
 zvhich is in Jerusalem^ Dan. 5: 2, 
 '^'1^2 "1 N'n^''2 the citadel which is 
 in Media^ Ezra 6: 2. Dan. 6: 1 4. es- 
 pecially 2 : 34. comp. Est. 1: 12, 
 with verse 15. This pronoun was 
 used especially before the genitive, 
 hence it became 
 
 2. a sign of the genitive case, 
 (comp. ^ ^'^?i^{.) The preceding 
 substantive stands then either in 
 the absolute state; as ^n- ''I 'iJia 
 a stream of fire] Dan. 7 : 10. or iii 
 the emphatic state ; as in Dan. 2: 
 15. or finally with a pleonastic suf- 
 fix pronoun; as NiirN;. '"n rj72UJ 
 God his name, or God'^s namt, Dan. 
 2: 20. Nl^'J^n': I"! ]irT^i:'^p_ accusa- 
 tions of the Jezvs^ 3: 8. comp. 4: 23. 
 [26.] 6: 25. The prefix i? is placed 
 before pronouns ; as Dan. 2: 20 
 
 for wisdom and might is his. The 
 following genitive sometimes de- 
 notes the material, out of which a 
 thing is made ; as Dan. 2:32 rTTTJt^, 
 2D 2^T1 ^1 his head of fine gold. Ez- 
 ra 6: 4.' 
 
 4. often (like ^T-^) merely a 
 sign of relation. ?i73n '^'i whe^'c, 
 Ezra 6:1. 'J'in^'lia ''^ whose dwell- 
 ing., Dan. 2: 11. "J^IN ":i who, Dan. 
 7: 17. 
 
 4. coni. that, to the end that, ut. 
 Dan. 2:16, 18. 
 
 5. that, quod. Dan. 2: 47. 
 
 6. for., since. Dan. 4: 15. [18.] 
 
 7. redundant, like "^3 or or*, in 
 the beginning of a speech. Dan. 2: 
 25 and he said thus unto him : '^'i 
 'n^.l nnSiJlTl a man has been found^ 
 etc." verse 37. 5:7. 6:0,14. 
 
ri 
 
 149 
 
 ^"i 
 
 8. compositions as (1.) "^nis i. q. 
 *1U;N3 when. Dan. 3: 7. 5: 20. 6: 
 1 1, i'5. (2.) ^'I""j73 /rom (Ae time 
 that^ ex quo. Dan. 4: 23. [26.] Ezra 
 5: 2. (3.) ^^i-rnj^-bs, see Irij^.. 
 
 3nT *! {possessor of gold .^ i.e. a place 
 rich in gold ; comp. Arab. ^O and 
 \^0 lord^ and V^z no. 5.) proper 
 name of a place in the desert, not 
 far from mt.Sinai^probably so called 
 from its abounding in gold. Deut. 
 1:1. 
 
 'jlll'^'^ name of a city in the country 
 of Moab, afterwards in the tribe of 
 Gad, but finally possessed again by 
 the Moabites. Num. 32: 3, 34. Josh. 
 13: 9, 17. Is. 15: 2. Jer. 48: 18, 22. 
 In Is. 15:9,it is written p*^''", by a 
 commutation of D and n. 
 
 5'^'n tojish^ see :;^i. 
 ^'^'^I m. verbal from 5"^" , dec. I. fish- 
 'er. Is. 19:8. and Jer. 16: 16 Keri. 
 Tl'^'^ f. dec. I. Deut. 14: 13. Is. 34: 15. 
 
 T ~ 
 
 name of some bird of prey which 
 inhabits ruins. Sept. 'iy.xivog. Vulg. 
 milvus. C. V. vulture. 
 
 1^^ m. (analogous in form to ^D , 
 '^i3^,)infc. Once Jer.36:18. (Aram. 
 
 ,p . 5 - . 
 
 Nn:)''':, , |iQj5 ink; Arab. oNo, 
 
 and Pers. i^J^O inkstand.) The 
 
 Hebrews made use of various col- 
 ours for writing, (Josephus J. A. 
 XII. 2. 11.) but black {^itXav) is ex- 
 pressly mentioned in the N. T. and 
 has the analogy of other ancient 
 nations in its favour. Comp. Lat. 
 atramentum, 
 
 p^'^'^ Is. 15: 9. i. q. 'J^n''- proper 
 name of a city of Moab, (q.* v.) 
 
 nSI'a"^'^ Josh. 15:22. i. q. pn^- Neh. 
 11 :25. proper name of a city in 
 the tribe of Judah. 
 
 Syr. .5 to judge; Arab, (jfo (medi 
 Je) to requite, also to judge.) 
 
 1. to judge. Gen. 49 : 16 yi^ ^^^ 
 
 "1732? Dan judges his people. Often 
 spoken of God, as judge of nations, 
 Ps. 7:9. 9:9.50:4.72:2. 96:10. 
 Is. 3:13. 
 
 2. to manage, plead, or defend the 
 cause of any one, as an advocate ; 
 to give one his right, to do him jus- 
 tice, as a judge. Prov. 31 : 9 -^as yi 
 'li''ifi<'l plead the cause of the afflicted 
 and distressed. Gen. 30:6 C^n^N ^Hl 
 God has done me justice. Ps. 54 : 3 
 "^^n^ ^17J^^<2 through thy pow- 
 er do me ju5tice,i.e.nveTige me. Some- 
 times the expression is more full, 
 Jer. 5:28. 22:16 -irsfi^l '^zi; V^ I'l 
 he pleaded the cause of the afflicted 
 and distressed. 30: 13. (Comp. t:3*ij 
 no. 2. and S"*^ no. 2.) 
 
 3. to pass sentence against any 
 one, to punish. Gen. 15: 14 the peo- 
 ple whom they shall serve, "^SiN "IT / 
 
 will punish. Job 36: 31. Construed 
 with a, Ps. 110:6. 
 
 4. construed with D5? , to contend 
 together, i. q. Niphal. Ecc. 6 : 10. 
 
 5. to rule, govern. 1 Sam. 2: 10. 
 Zech. 3: 7. Comp. )')!, and the de- 
 riv. p'lM. Judging and ruling are 
 closely connected in the languages, 
 as well as in the political consti- 
 tutions of the eastern nations. 
 
 Comp. t2B"ij; also Arab. ,%X2k. 
 
 and (JlO to rule, also to judge. 
 
 Niph. pn: recip. to contend to- 
 gether. Once 2 Sam. 19: 10. Comp. 
 thesynon. t:s-i33. (In Arab. j%X.3. 
 
 to judge; conj.lll. VI. to contend in 
 law.) 
 
 Deriv. mT2 , ^^^12, rtD^n:^, t:'':^^ . 
 
 'j'^'^and P'm Chald. idem. Part. Ezra 
 7: 25. 
 
 "J '^'^, 'rarely p'^ (q. v.) fut. 'j'^'i^ , 
 
 pret. 'j'^; for the most part in po- ^^''^ m. verbal from y^, dec. I. a. 
 etry, i. q, tSC'iJ. (Chald. 'j">':j , "jn, \. judgment, act of judging. Ps. 
 
p^l 
 
 150 
 
 V 
 
 to cast up. (Root p^i i.q. Arab. OTo 
 {med. Vau) conj. IV. to surround.) 
 
 79: 9. y\ N&3 throne of judg- 
 ment^?rov'.20:"8'. 
 
 2. cause, ri^ht^ matter in contro- ...k.!- , _ 
 
 versy. Deut. 17.: 8 ^^nb ^1 ^2 ^ ] '* ^* ^^"^ ^^^^'''''^'- I^eut. 25: 4. 
 between the rigli^of one and of the "O^/i m.\erhQ.\ from t^'ri^threshing-time. 
 other. Prov. 20 :**7. ^j-^n i^^?' *' ^' I^^"- ^6: 5. 
 
 I"^':; p^ to defend the cause of any one, p-^rj*^-] j j ^ species ofgazel or an- 
 Ps. 140: 13. Est. 1 : 13 m^ ^3:^=^ ^3 telope. Deut. 14: 5. Se^i. nvyagyog-, 
 'j'^nn all who know law and right. In C. V-pygarg; i, e. white buttocks, 
 
 Job 36: 17, 'j'^T is opposed to DSUJ^, 
 as guilt to punishment. 
 
 3. contention^ quarrel. Prov. 22: 
 10. 
 
 *]*^'s Chaltl. 1. judgment. As a con- 
 crete, those sitting at judgment, 
 
 judges, (i. q. Arab. (jUJO a divan 
 
 ov senate.) Dan. 7: 10 in"^ i:<Z'^'l the 
 judges were seated, verse 26. 
 
 2. righteousness^ justice. Dan. 4 : 
 34 [37] Yl nnnni^ his ways are 
 righteousness, 7 : 22 nri"; ^l3''^^ 
 'J'^3i"'^y "'Ui'^Tpb and (^till) justice was 
 done to the saints of the Most High. 
 
 3. punishment. Ezra 7 : 26 n3'^'^ 
 HiT: 1?.?;r]:^ i^?.^.^. ^^' punishment be 
 inflicted on him. 
 
 i^^^D'^'^ masc. plur. Chald. name of a 
 people removed to Samaria by the 
 Assyrians. Ezra. 4: 9. 
 
 1*^"^ m. verbal from '{^i, dec. II. b. 
 ' 1. judge. 1 Sam. 24: 16. 
 
 2. defender, advocate. Ps. 68: 6. 
 
 "I'^^n Chald. 2c?em. Ezra 7:25. 
 
 rS'^'l 1 Chr. 1: 6. instead of which 
 ns'^n (Stands in the parallel pas- 
 sageGen. 10 : 3. Also in the pas- 
 sage in Chroniclei*, several MSS.and 
 the Sept. and Vulg. read nc^"! 
 
 ^(q.v.) 
 
 Pr." ^- prob. a line ofcircumvallation, 
 a wall thrown up round about a place 
 besieged. 2 K. 25: 1. Jer. 52:4. E- 
 zek. 4: 2. 17: 17. 21 : 27. [22.] 26: 
 8. It is therefore always joined 
 with riDZ to build, while n^^lO a 
 mound, which often occurs in the 
 same connexion, is joined with ^C'^ 
 
 deriving the word perhaps from 
 "JUJI ashes. The Syr. and Chald. 
 S'^'^, in like manner a species ofga- 
 zel. The two Arabic translators 
 
 cJ^^f a species of wild goat. 
 The word is perhaps kindred with 
 the Aram. N^^"^, \if2 also denoting 
 a species of gazel, from yi"^ to 
 spring, to leap. Comp. Bocharli Hi- 
 eroz. edid. Rosenmiiller. T. II. p. 
 270. 
 
 2. proper name of a son of Seir, 
 and of a place in Idumea named 
 from him. Gen 36:21,30. 1 Chr. 
 1:38. 
 
 3. also of a grandson of Seir. 
 Gen. 36:25. 1 Chr. 1:41. 
 
 *! m. verbal adj. from ^3"^ = fi^D"! 
 or niD"^ , dec. VIII. h. oppressed, af- 
 flicted, cast down, attritus. Ps. 9: 10. 
 10: 18. 74:21. Prov. 26 : 28 )^^\ 
 V'2'1 ti:^*] Sp;iJ a false tongue hates 
 those whom it will injure. The 
 word ^1 here signifies atterendus, 
 and not attritus, which is its usual 
 signification ; the participles amatiis 
 and amandus, being expressed in 
 Hebrew by the same form. Others 
 make T^ST i. q. IS'J or ii'D'l the op- 
 pressed, (comp. "i::^, V::^.) Others 
 in an inverted order, those who are 
 injured by it, hate the false tongue ; 
 which does not accord with the 
 parallel clause. 
 
 1*^ m. Chald. pron. demon, this. Ez- 
 ra 5:16,17. 6:'7,8.Fem. ^^,Ezra4: 
 15, 16, 18. 5: 8. (In the Targums, 
 'll.t T?.' ''^''1' '^'^.^'1 ^^ used for the 
 Heb. nt. It corresponds to the Arab. 
 
nsT 
 
 151 
 
 br 
 
 ^^J<3, and is formed from the de- 
 monst. tiT, by adding the saffix of 
 second person ; as in Arabic, lO 
 this gives rise not only to ^ f<3, but 
 
 also to C^J(3, and if several persons 
 
 c > 
 
 are addressed, *^=ajf(3.) 
 ^51 q- IniD'i, ^:n, and Arab. 
 
 V^O, to he bruised. In Kal not used. 
 
 Pi. i^S"! 1. to bruise, break in 
 pieces. Ps. 72: 4 p'^5:? ^'Sl"^! and 
 he {God) breaks in pieces the op- 
 pressor. 8.9:11. 143:3. Job 6:9 
 '':3'1-'T nib^f ^^,"^1 and that God 
 would please to break me in pieces. 
 Figuratively Job 19 : 2 "Si^iJ^^nnn 
 d'^V^l and {how long) will ye break 
 me in pieces with words ? 
 
 2. to tread down, to trample under 
 foot. Lam. 3 : 34. Hence to oppress, 
 Is.3: 15. Fs.94.5.especially before a 
 court, Prov. 22: 22. 
 
 Niph. part, depressed, humble, 
 contrite. Is. 57: 15. 
 
 Pu. 1. to be broken in pieces. Job 
 22: 9. 
 
 2. to be bruised, smitten. Is. 53: 5. 
 
 3. to be afflicted, humbled, sorrow- 
 ful. J er. 44: 10. Is. 19:10. 
 
 Hithpa. i<2>rn pass, of Kal no. 2. 
 Job 5: 4. 34:25. 
 
 *^5U verbal adj. from :3*7, dec. Il.b. 
 
 1. broken in pieces. Ps. 90 : 3 
 NS-^-n^ ti2^^ Sipn thou lettest man 
 return, till {he is) broken in pieces, 
 namely, as the dust. 
 
 2. broken, contrite, humble. Is.57: 
 15. Ps. 34 : 19 rni-'^fiJS'l those of a 
 contrite spirit. 
 
 ilD 'U.q.NlSl to be bruised or crushed. In 
 Kal found only Ps. 10: 10 Kethib 
 nu;^ ^511 ""^ crushed he sinks to 
 the ground. (Others read InST] , 
 vyhich gives the same sense.) in 
 the Keri, riiJn'^. in the future tense. 
 
 Pi. t9 bruise, to break. Ps. 44: 20. 
 51 : 10 n'^n r)^J2)i.'S> ^^3bn that 
 {my) bones may rejoice, {which) 
 thou hast broken, namely, through a 
 consciousness of ffuilt. 
 
 Niph. pass. Fs. 38 : 9 -"m^lSS 
 'n'^S'li'l I am feeble and broken. 51: 
 19 In3'i5] ^2^3 n^^ a broken and 
 contrite heart. 
 
 Deriv, out of course '^'Di. 
 
 %13 '2 f. verbal from obs. I^Dl, bruis- 
 ing. Deut. 23:2 nyi V^:.D mutilated 
 by bruising, namely, of his testicles, 
 which was one of the modes of 
 castration. Vulg. eunuchus aitriiis 
 testiculis. The Greeks called one 
 castrated in this way 'dladiag, from 
 'dXuo) to crush, bruise, 
 
 '^i'n m. verbal from {131 , dec. VI. q. 
 the dashing or striking together of 
 waves. Hence raging, roaring, Ps. 
 93: 3 D^'^l m*^5l3 ^NiD"' the floods 
 increase their raging. (In Arab. O O 
 to strike, to smite ; conj. VI. to smite 
 
 together ; and ^ f<J conj. VI. to 
 urge each other in the tumult of battle; 
 
 b^oyj contention, tumult.) 
 
 "p^i Chald. i.q. ^ this. Dan. 2:31. 
 "7: 20. 
 
 ^y^i^-) plur. 'j"''n!3'l, Chald. ram. Ez- 
 ra 6:9, 17. 7:17. (Comp. Heb. ^5t 
 male, which in Chaldaic denotes by 
 way of eminence a ram ; also 
 Greek u^griv male, which is etymo- 
 logically connected with agviv, ugg, 
 aries, all signifying a ram.) 
 
 nD1")j'^ f. Chald. record, memoir, 
 vn6f.ivr]fA,a. Ezra 6: 2. Root '^'D'l i.q. 
 Heb. "nDT to remember. 
 
 '|")D'm m. Chald. idem. Ezra 4:15 
 ^""3131 120 the book of records, i.e. 
 annals or chronicles of the empire, 
 composed by the historiographer 
 ^Heb. ^^"2112.) 
 
 I. 'P'n m. prim. i.q. fem. n"):.! a door. 
 Ps. 141 : 3 ^r\ty^ "^V^k !^'!)5?2. 
 
npi 152 ^^^ 
 
 u'utch over the door of^ my lips. per. Piel, the radical Yod being re- 
 
 (comp. Mic.7:5.) Sept. 'O-v^ju. Vulg. tained, as in "'2:|'^72'^n Is. 40 : 25. 
 
 J^'^^"^' (comp.^ Ps.36:*9. 'is! 21 : 12, 14.) 
 
 ^1* ^'li? plur. D'^!?'!, verbal adj. from Sept. aq^eXov noQeluv Gxelwv. 
 
 bh'^ ^ dec. Vlll. h. Deriv. out ot course '^^'^j, "^hy. 
 
 1. learu meag;er. Gen. 41: 19. 2 ^L>- , ^t , ,* r 
 Sam. 13: 4 Vi nD3 ^^m ^ni^D ..% ' ^<'-i ^^c. Xl.a. j. q. n\^^a door. Is.26: 
 an ^/iOM so lean 9""^ '' 20 Keri. 
 
 2. weak, without strength. 2 Sam. JlV 1 f. verbal from b!:" , dec. X. 
 3: 1, David waxed stroncrer and ^ t Ji ,, j '"^ . i i ^i 
 
 . ^i ^, ^..^^v v,v*..; .^N.- * J^'*^ threads, p irticularly the 
 
 stronger, D^^TI D^^bn 7^i<w n^n^ w^.. -^ , , ? ' , i, ^t, 
 
 ^ ' -:.*!' thrums which untie the web to the 
 
 and the house oj iHauL waxed weaker ^^am. Is. 38: 12 ''Di-'^in"' 1-0112 from 
 
 and weaker. Judg. 6: 15 i^-rin "^Cpi^ ^, ., . ,i "' '": '" " 
 
 - the thrums of the web ne nas cut jie off. 
 
 Il'^2l2n my family is the weakest in (Chald. '^^\r, a thread, something 
 
 Manasseh. made, of threads) 
 
 3. low, poor, tenuis. Ex. 23:3. g. head of Iiair. Cant 1 : 6. Vulg. 
 Lev. 14: 21. 19: 15. 1 Sam. 2: 8. coma capitis. (Comp. ^b'^ no. 4.) 
 Ruth 3: 10. Ps. 41:2. 72:13. Prov. ^ , . "^ 
 
 in 1 c; 1 I "ai io /t '^' lOKDuess, povertv. As a con- 
 
 10: 15. 14:31. 19:4. , , r ^ ^ , ^ t^ ^ 
 
 ^ ^ Crete, tots; ot" poor people, 2. K. 24: 
 
 -^/*Uo /cap, spring. In Kal, once 14 y \jjrT-D^' nbl f/ie poorer pto- 
 
 Zeph. 1: 9. pie of the land. 25: 12. In the plur. 
 
 Pi. idem. Is, 35:6 b^N3. :i^,'1') T5$ D^fl ni]?^ Jer. 52: 15. and n'i^r'^ 
 
 n&D i^cTi s/ia7^ the lame man leap as Vl.^^J verse 16. idem. 
 
 an hart. Construed with b^, Cant, nb-, to]rouble or disturb water with 
 
 2:8. with an accus. Ps. 18 : 30 ^;Jy-^^^^ ^^^^^ 3^. ^^ ^^^ ,g 
 
 -|T:3 :^V.'^^? "'Sl'iriSa t;it/i (iAe aid oJ) V w \ 
 
 >i/ God / leaped over walls. (In * ^ 
 
 Chald. it/em.) ^^'^^ m. verbal from J^'p"^, a vessel or 
 
 n^'l ^0 Jraz.' water. (Arab. ^J and *^-" ^' ^""^ ^^'" ^^'*'^^' . ^'"^'^^ 
 ""/, ^ 6wcA;ei. Is. 40:15. (Arab.^3->.) 
 
 g,5w>, Syr. ]]? idm.) Ex. 2 : 16, 19. ^^^ m.verbal from ii^^'l,dec.Vl.q.ic/m. 
 Figuratively Prov. 20: 5 counsel in Num. 24 t 7 vb*lX3 D''^ pt"^ ;a^<'r 
 the heart of a man is {as) deep water, flows from his buckets. Vb^ 7s eith- 
 fltbl^ ln:iin "wWI weUx wise man '^ ^ i i -> '''^ r 
 
 '.;: " .; er from a dual D*'"*):'!, or from a 
 
 tviU draw it out. , . , i-, "' '' 
 
 Pi. 1. to draw up (out of a well,) V^^"^^^ formed like d^^ip:^:, 
 hence figuratively, to deliver, set ni^P/l plur. fern, (with Kamets im- 
 free. Ps. 30: 2 "'Sn^V^ "^^ ':|?2^i^J{ / pure) boughs, branches. Jer. 1 1: 16. 
 will exalt thee, for thou hast 'deliver- Ezek. 17:'6, 23. 31: 7, 9, 12. (Syr. 
 
 ^ ^*' idl^'j idem. Arab. nV-i conj. V. 
 
 2. prob. fo <aA;e away, tollere, an- j .*, 
 
 /. ,/-, T i f ^ / i3L\3 to hans dozvn, spoken of 
 
 ferre. (Lomp. m Lat. haurire pectus^ <J> a t tr 
 
 \tus,ventrem,mV[rg.iind Ov.) PrOv. ^the branches of a tree.) 
 26:7 'Cs b'2iJ2^ ^SS^ d^J^iUJ ^'^^'i Th'h/l f. {weak, languishing) proper 
 a-V.p:: <a/.e at^a^/ /eg./rom f/ie Za/i^e ^^^- ^^ ^ Philistine woman, be- 
 man, and a proverb wfiich is m the \oyef\ of Samson. Judg. 16:418. 
 mouth of fools ; implying that both LLh- , ^ j r:. 
 
 are equally useless to their posses- ^I'^i pret. tib-i , '^ni>-T, and ti^^-T. 
 ^sors. ri-i^T here stands for ^'>;':i im- 1. to be cx}iaustcd,empiied. Is. 19: 
 
pb-. 
 
 153 
 
 rb^ 
 
 6 ^iir^ ^^i^'^ ;in-im ^bi?i t^e 
 
 T ; : IT : : it 
 
 Streams of Egypt shall be exhausted 
 and dried up. 
 
 2. to be brought low^ to be afflicted^ 
 distressed. Ps. 79: 8. 116:6. 142:6. 
 
 3. spoken of the eyes, to long or 
 languish after any thing. Is. 38: 14 
 DilTab '^D'^S^ ^V'^ mine eyes languish- 
 ed for heaven. Comp. iTipS. 
 
 4. connected with signif. no. 1. 
 to hang down. (Chald. ^n^'n^S "Jpt 
 
 a beard hanging down ; Arab. (^^'^ 
 conj. V. deorsum pependit. In He- 
 brew, compare ^^T and rri"^!:*.) 
 Hence spoken of miners who let 
 themselves down into the shaft of 
 a mine, Job 28 : 4 n5?D \2:n3fita l"!?'^ 
 they descend, they remove from men. 
 
 Niph. pass, of Kai no. 1. Judg. 6: 
 6 ]^"i>2 1:5^ ^k^72 hiiypl b^"!!! ""'^ 
 Israel was exceedingly impoverished 
 before the Midianites. (comp. 2 Sam. 
 3: l.)Is. 17:4. 
 
 Deriv. ^i, nW- 
 
 t|^'M 5 fut. Pi'b'l'). l.io drip^to have drops 
 falling from it, spoken of a house. 
 Ecc. 10:18:1";?^ ^'^"^1 the house 
 drips., i.e. it lets in the rain through 
 the leaky roof. See p)l:i. 
 
 2. to flow in tears, to weep., spoken 
 of the eye. Job 16: 20 niirN bfi^. 
 '^D'^5/ lns):1 mine eye weeps unto God. 
 Ps. 119: 28 ^^t)2 ticb^ my soul 
 
 :- T :iT ^ 
 
 weeps. 
 
 In Aram, idem ; in Arab. (w^3l> 
 to move slowly^ to creep ; conj. VII. 
 to be poured out, to flow. Comp. 
 
 v] 7. ;l m. verbal from ^^"l , the drop- 
 ping of rain from a roof. Pro v. 19: 
 13. 27: 15. 
 
 P^'n , fut. pbn*; . I. to burn. (In Aram. 
 idem.) Obad. 18. Ps. 7 : 14 l^in 
 '?^'! i^'^p^^^ ^^^ makes his ai'rows 
 burning, i. e. he shoots burning ar- 
 rows. Prov. 26: 23 nyh,"^ t]']n5->p 
 burning lips, i. e. lips making warm 
 professions. 
 
 20 
 
 2. construed with '''^Jni^ , to burn 
 after, to pursue ardently or hotly. 
 Gen. 31 : 36 "^^ni^ npb" ''S that 
 thoupursuest hotly after me. 1 Sam. 
 17 : 63. Construed with an accusa- 
 tive in the same sense, Lam. 4: 19 
 n^Jip^T D*1ll!n !:5 they pursued us 
 upon the mountains. 
 
 3. figuratively, to be filled with 
 anguish, inasmuch as violent an- 
 guish is compared with heat, (comp. 
 Is. 13:8. Ps. 39 : 4.) Ps. 10: 2 
 '':y p^^^ 5?u;"i n:!Naa through the 
 arrogance of the wicked, the afflicted 
 man is filled with anguish. 
 
 Hiph. 1. to kindle. Ezek. 24: 10. 
 2. to heat, inflame. Is. 5: 11. 
 
 pb'l Chald. to burn. Dan. 7: 9. 
 
 ^l?.r.l ^' verbal from plb'n , burning 
 fever. Deut. 28: 22. 
 
 np'^ fem. of pi (q. v.) with suff. 
 inb"^, a door, gate. Cant. 8: 9 dN 
 N'^ri n):.! if she be a door, i.e. if she 
 be open to honourable proposals. 
 
 Dual D^nb'^, const, '^nb'ii , (as if 
 from the form J-ib" ;) double doors, 
 folding doors, fores, also doors gen- 
 erally. Deut. 3 : 5. Figuratively 
 Job 3:10 "^Spi ''rib'l the doors of my 
 mother'' s womb. 41:5 [13] VZS inb"! 
 the doors of his {the crocodiWs^face, 
 i. e. his ravenous jaws. 38: 8 he shut 
 up the sea with doors ; comp. verse 
 10. 
 
 Plur. nin!?T (the n being treat- 
 ed as if radical,) fem. (masc. Neh, 
 13: 19.) const, nin^l. 
 
 1. doors, gates. 'Judg. 3:23 25. 
 19:27. Ezek. 26:2 nin;'! rt^riJ: 
 UV^^Ti she is broken, the gates of the 
 nations, i. e. Jerusalem, where the 
 nations assembled. 
 
 2. leaves or folds of a door. 1 K. 
 
 6:31 rrin^n ti-f^ "T"^'?! nn?. ni^.i 
 
 'J)2^""'2r5'. and for the door of the 
 most holy place he made leaves of olive 
 wood. Ezek. 41: 24 ninb'^ '^I^V'^ 
 ninr"b and two leaves to the doors.^ 
 i. e. to each door. 
 
n^i 
 
 154 
 
 ni2^ 
 
 3. ZicZ of a chest. 2 K. 12:10. 
 
 4. leaf or column of a roll or 
 book. Jer. 36: 23. 
 
 I. u'n m. prim, const, dl , with suff. 
 -im, DI^.^O^ (Gen. 9: 5.) dec. II. a. 
 
 I. blood. Din Iri' ^55< <o etii 
 (/es/i) with the llood, 1 Sam.l4:32iT. 
 Lzek. 33: 25. (a violation of the 
 Mosaic law, Lev. 17: 11. Deut. 12: 
 23.) "tp: D-l innocent bloody 2K.21: 
 16. Ps. 106:38. also ^'ie innocent 
 person himself Fs. 94: 21 "'p: Dl*] 
 Jiy'ipl]] they condemn innocent blood. 
 Instead of this phrase we find fre- 
 quently ip: Dl blood of the inno- 
 cent, Deut.^9: 10, 13. 27: 25. Jer. 
 19: 4. 22: 17. d^n:^;, d:y dl blood 
 of grapes, poetically for [red) wine, 
 Gen.49:n. Deut. 32: 14. Plur. 
 idem. d^^l I;^l^5 a blood-thirsty 
 man, Ps. 5: 7. 26: 9. 
 
 2. bloodshed, murder, bloodguilti- 
 7iess. Gen. 37 : 26. Lev. 17: 4 dl 
 
 T 
 
 ii^tltl '^i^^b d'^rj;] a blood guilti- 
 ness it shall be imputed to that man. 
 19: 16 "Tji^in Dl b^" nT^yn btl thou 
 shalt not stand up against the blood, 
 i.e. the life, ofihy neighbour. Dent. 
 17: 8 D'lb dl 'j''2 between bloodguilt- 
 iness and bloodguiltiness. Num. 35: 
 27 dl lb pi>? he has no blood((uilti- 
 nes5. Plur. icZnrt. d*'!^l T^:?, IT'S 
 house, city, on which rests the f>;uilt of 
 bloodshed, 2 Sam. 21:1. Ezek. 22:2. 
 24: 6, 9. iz ^t:- his blood a-uHtiness 
 is upon him. Lev. 20: 9. Ezek. 18: 
 13. d2 drt^Tpl their bloodguiltiness 
 is upon them, Lev. 20: 1 1 ff . 
 
 II. u'm or iS*^ verbal from 'n'n- no. 
 I. similarity, likeness. Ezek. /9: 10 
 'r|7j"j2 after thy likeness. So among 
 the older translators the Chald. 
 and Jarchi. 
 
 I. I'^'l (Aram. J<7J- , X"^}) lo be like, 
 to resemble ; construed with i: or bN. 
 Ps. 102:7. 144:4. Ezek. 3i:2, 8, 
 18. Cant.2:9. 7; 8. To the impera- 
 
 tive a pleonastic dative of the pro- 
 noun is sometimes joined, Cant. 2: 
 
 17 "^dlZb ''liT 'lb TMy^ be thou 
 like, my beloved, to the gazelle. 8:14. 
 
 Niph. to be made like ; construed 
 with D, Ps."49: 13, 21. with an ace. 
 Ezek.'32: 2. 
 
 Pi. lr!731 1. to liken,compare. Cant. 
 1:9. ls.40: 18, 25. 46:5. Lam. 2: 
 1 3 ^b Jl7?nN In^ what shall I likeik to 
 thee 'I 
 
 2. to imagine, conceive, think^ 
 
 Ps. 50: 21 ^i7::D n?.n^?-n'i^n n^m-n 
 
 thou thovghtest, I was altogether as 
 thyself Est. 4: 13. Is. 10:7. 
 
 3. to think, intend, purpose. Num. 
 33:56. Judg. 20:5 lihrib ?I72- "^nN 
 they intended to kill me. Is. 14: 24. 
 
 4. to think of to make mention of. 
 Ps. 48: 10 '^-pn d"'r5bfi^. ^="'731 ^e 
 make mention, O God, of thy grace. 
 
 Hithpji. 1. pers. sing. fut. n'31N! 
 Is. 14: 14. to liken one'^s self 
 
 Denv. Dl no. 11. n^lttl, p'''^'^,. 
 
 II. tl^SI i. q. D?31 no. II. io destroy. 
 Hos. 4: 5 'Tj724i ^'^'^^1 I will destroy 
 thy mother, i. e. thy metropolis. Jer* 
 6: 2 O fair and delicate {damsel,^ 
 "i^'^'^ ns '^n'^TSl / destroy the daugh' 
 ter of Zion, i.e. I announce to thee 
 destruction. (The noun itself is 
 here repeated instead of the pro- 
 noun ; comp. Is. 5:1. Ps. 45:6.) 
 
 Niph. io be destroyed, to perish ; 
 spoken of persons, Hos. 10: 15 
 bN-it)'' ub^j n'n'iz ^72^2 ^nizjz in 
 
 the morning the king of Israel 
 shall utterly be destroyed. Is. 6: 5 
 '^n"'7qi5 "^D ""b """ii^ wo is me, for I 
 perish, of a people, Zeph. 1: 11. 
 Hos. 4:6. of cities, countries, Is. 15: 
 1. Jer. 47: 5. Hos. 10: 7. (All these 
 examples are in the preterite, 
 the fut. ^731";, ^7ain is form- 
 ed in Niphal from d73l no. II.) 
 
 Pi. mni to destroy. Hos. 12: 11 
 ln7^.'l.N: d'^Vdiil n^S by the hand of 
 the prophets I destroy, i.e. announce 
 destruction. Construed with b , 2 
 Sam. 21:5. 
 
^^12' 
 
 155 
 
 Ml 
 
 III. n'Q'^ 1. q. Wnyi no. I. to be quiet 
 or stilly to rest^ cease. Jer. 14: 17 
 
 of my life. Sept Iv ro) vijjsi rrov 
 rjueQMv ^lov. Vulg. in dimidio die- 
 rum meorum. 
 
 ,nine, yes shall run do^\^ '"" ^53^ . verbal from W:! no. III. rest, 
 niffht and day^ 1752 ^^.^n 7iil and -r: . . . :/ t, oo o 
 
 ^ X .-.. . quietness., inactivity^ Silence. Vs. 83:2 
 
 ^tlici, i.e. behold not our suiferings 
 quietly or without relieving them ; 
 
 shall not cease. Lam. 3: 49 ^^/^S? 
 rr^nn ftV; ^"^5: mine eye flows 
 in tears and ceases not. Deri v. ^I?3'J 
 rest, "^ai the standing still {of the 
 sun^) mid-day. (?7^X3^" re5< ?) 
 
 n'^M Chaia. to be like. Dan. 3: 25. 
 7:5. 
 
 (comp. U^nn, iTvL^n.) is- 62: 6, 7. 
 'jVtJ'l m. i.q. ni73'l verbal from iitt'l 
 no'. 1. dec. I. likeness^ resemblance. 
 Ps. 17: 12. 
 
 ni2^ f. verbal from D)21, found only I' ^^% P^et. ^)31, imper. and infin. 
 Ezek. 27:32. prob. dJstruction, but =2^' ^"*- ^^^ P^"^' ^^"^ ^^^'^^ ^^"^- 
 
 in this passage, the destroyed {city.) 
 
 rT^^"^ f. (Syr. t ZaliD? ) verbal from 
 5lT no. 1. dec. I. 
 
 T T 
 
 1. image., likeness. Gen. 1 : 26 
 ^IDrj^^'IS o/iler our likeness. 5:1,3 
 he begat a son i^b^S in^Xa'ia after 
 his image and likeness. 2 Chr. 4: 3 
 D'^lpz n^,J2'l images of oxen., i. e. 
 carved, molten oxen. Is. 40: 18 f\J2 
 ib 01?r) m731"" what likeness will 
 ye compare to him ? 
 
 2. 7nodel.f pattern^ copy. 2 K. 16: 
 10. 
 
 3. form. Ezek. 1:16 nnj* D^^T 
 "inya^Nb all four had one form. In 
 Ezekiel the indefinite language of 
 vision is often denoted by this word 
 in different combinations, 1 : 5 
 ni'^rj ys'nwNt n^m niDi'niqn and 
 
 therein was the form of four animals., 
 i. e. something, like four animals, 
 verse 26 i<S3 n^^'^ something like 
 a throne, verse 28. 'S: 2. 10: 1, 21. 
 Dan 10: 16. Sometimes Ilir\12 is 
 added besides. 
 
 4. as an adv. a*, like as. Is. 13: 
 4. n^^a'lS idem, Ps. 58: 5. 
 
 O^ m. rest or standing still of the 
 sun, (verbal from 'n'D'n no. III. i. q. 
 dig'l no. I. 4. and Dll Arab. riO 
 spoken of the apparent rest of the 
 sun at noon ;) hence noon or mid- 
 day. Is. 38 : 10 '1^; 1731 i/ic mid-day 
 
 daic inflection,) i.q. i^?3l no. III. 
 
 1 . to be silent., to hold one's peace. 
 Lev. 10: 3. Lam. 3 : 28. Ezek. 24: 
 17 Dl p?.^ii7. sigh in silence ; Vulg. 
 insemisce tacens. Job 29 : 21 ^HQT^l 
 ^ni^y "i^sb t/iej/ were silent to my 
 counsel., i. e. they listened to it in si- 
 lence. 
 
 2. to be struck dumb., from amaze- 
 ment or pain. Ex. 15: 16 bT^2 
 )^i<P V2'l^^ TjSJnT through the great- 
 ness of thy might they shall be struck 
 dumb as a stone, (comp. Hab. 2:19 
 d?311 liluX a motionless stone.) Is. 
 23: 2 "^i^ ^y'p^ VHI be dumb., (from 
 terror or amazement,) ye inhabi- 
 tants of the isle. Lam. 2 : 10 
 
 the elders of Zion sit upon the ground 
 in silent pain. 
 
 3. to rest., to be quiet, to keep still. 
 Ps. 4:5. 1 Sam. 14:9. Job. 31:34. 
 Lam. 2: 18 rf^i^, n? Din bfi? let 
 not the apple of thine eye rest., i.e. let 
 it not cense to weep. Job 30 : 27 
 ^731 ^b'' ^nnl ^yD my bowels were 
 in commotion and rested not. 
 
 4. to stand still. Josh. 10: 12 
 oil p'i^i^a t'D^p O sun., stand still 
 in Gibeon. verse 13 ^^;^tl fil"".! and 
 the sun stood still. 
 
 5. JlitT*^ D/Sl to submit quietly to 
 Jehovah., to hope patiently in him. 
 Ps, 37: 7. 62: 6. (comp. n^^S^T) 
 
^'121 
 
 156 
 
 Po. d?^ii io command silence, 
 to quiet^ compose. Ps. 131:2. 
 
 Deriv. Jl73^~, and (as if formed 
 from DT'^,) tl^n":!, D^^'l. 
 
 11. t2^;ii.q. 
 
 quent in Jeremiah, n^?:?'! "'S'^S; "^nn, 
 mine eyejlows down in lears^ will 
 be found explained under the art. 
 
 l?3^ no. IK ^0 destroy^ p 125 !12'm, Arab. V-^mX/^O, Syr-tiDOm^v, 
 
 Za?/ wa5ic. In Kal not used. 
 
 Niph. D'13, plur. ri^^tl^ (Jer. 25: 
 37.)fut. ^i^ll, also'^?3^n'(Jer.48:2.) 
 to he destroyed^ to perish., spoken of 
 persons, 1 Sam. 2: 9 ^^tin C^^^ 
 ^2^1 the wicked perish in darkness. 
 3er.'49:26. 50:30. bl:6. to be laid 
 waste., spoken of countries, Jer. 25: 
 37. 48: 2. Here we may place al- 
 so Jer. 8: 14 let us enter into the de- 
 fenced cities, DVJ ^ttl^") and there 
 perish, i. e. wait for destruction. 
 (il73T: stands here for M7313, see 
 Gr.'^"ll6. IV. 5.) 
 
 Hi ph. Dnri to destroy. Jer 8: 14. 
 
 Note. The sio^nitication of d73" 
 
 (comp. pipTp.'i'i, 1 Chr. 18 : 5, 6.) a 
 proper name. 
 
 1. Damascus, one of the princi- 
 pal cities in Syria, situated on the 
 river Chrysorrhoas, in an exteasive 
 and pleasant plain below mt. Anti- 
 libarius ; hence called by the Ori- 
 entalists the earthly paradise. It 
 is mentioned in the history of Abra- 
 ham, Gen. 14 : 15. 15: 2. was 
 conquered by David, 2 Sam. 8:6. but 
 made itself independent again un- 
 der king Solomon, 1 K. 11:24, 25. 
 
 2, an inhabitant of Damascus, a 
 Damascene, Gen. 15:2. Here is 
 an ellipsis of (li'^N; comp. )^'2'2 
 
 .a Canaanite, Hos. 12:7. 
 av, perhaps, be derived ^ .^^^^ 
 from that of D?:i no. I. For the r^^.'l ( other MSS. pvjl^yi and 
 idea of resting, Icing still, natural- p'Vi^l) Am. 3: 1 2. a kind of cloth, 
 
 silk tapestry; either derived with 
 some alteration from the proper 
 name pijp73'l Damascus, where the 
 cloth was perhaps first manufactur- 
 ed, as is the English word damask., 
 Ital. damasco ; or from the 
 
 Arab. 0*Im\\?0^ v^Xao-zoO, and 
 
 (j-^/0O silk, silk cloth. The last 
 
 / 
 word, however, appears to be of 
 
 Persian origin from r(J a thread, 
 
 ly leads to that of being uncultivated, 
 desolate, waste. Compare the articles 
 'Diyp , ni-ij, and rr^^'i:. In the 
 same way tll2l nos. II. and III. may 
 be connected. ^ See Gesen. Auszug, 
 Vorrede, s. VII. 
 
 0*0/--'^ f. verbal from |273~ no. I. a si- 
 lent or gentle breeze. 1 K. 19: 12. Ps. 
 107: 29. Job 4:6 ^7:U;.N bipT ni2m 
 
 a gentle breeze and a voice I heard. 
 5 o 
 
 'j^/I m. dung. (Arab. (j^/OO and 
 
 (^U'O.) 2 K.9:37.Jer.8:2. 16:4. 25: 
 33. 
 
 and a3 or 
 
 silk : and such 
 
 words are rare in the Hebrew wri- 
 ters before the exile. 
 
 3?52" to weep, shedtears.Jev.l3:\l. (In ^^ ^j^^^^^ ^ p^^p^^ ^^^^ 
 
 Aram, and Arab, idem.) Hence 
 "Piy^i m. verbal from ^721, dec. VI. i. 
 
 V - t' 
 
 a tear; hence figuratively, the juice 
 of pressed grapes and olives, wine 
 and oil. Ex. 22:28. 
 
 n^j2yl fem. of s^Ti'n, dec. XII. b. a 
 
 imr, and collect, imo. Ps. 6: 7. 39: 
 
 1. a son of Jacob, also the tribe 
 named from him, the boundaries 
 of which are given Josh. 19:40 
 48. 
 
 2. a city on the northern boun- 
 dary of Palestine, at first called 
 t'^b. Gen. 14: 14. Josh. 19:47. 
 Jiidg. 18:29. 
 
 13, 56: 9. 80: 6, The phrase fre- 'j'yi com. gen. emph. W'tj , Chald. 
 
v^ 
 
 157 
 
 pron. demon, i. q. Jit, nj<? this. 
 Dan. 2 : 18,28,30,36,43,47. 
 in:i3 as this^ thus^ such^ Ezra 5: 7 
 i'TlD !l"13 '"^ '''* written thus. 
 Jer. "lO^'lI. Dan. 2: 10 JiV?: 
 
 Niph. pass. Job 6: 17 172n2 
 D52ip73n ^^^''i: through the heat they 
 dry up from their place. 
 
 Pu. (0 be put out^ extinguished, 
 spoken of enemies. Ps. 118: 12. 
 
 ny]'D such a thing. HZ-n ^J on r\T^i f. infin. of yn^, (like ?-, and 
 this account^ Dan. 3:16. Ezra 4:14, 
 15. nn "^^tlN^ ^^i^2 upon this, 
 
 after this, Dan. 2: 29. 7: 6, 7. (In 
 the Targun)s,we Hnd the more usual 
 
 r 1' r'^.vl^ TV^. ^or JlT i/iw ; and 
 
 iI^mD'^ proper name of an Idumean 
 city'. Gen. 36: 32. 1 Chr. 1: 43. 
 
 (Kii'i^^D'^ m. {judge of God) proper 
 name of a Hebrew prophet and 
 wise man, who lived in the Chalde- 
 an court at Babylon. Dan. 1:6. 
 Also v/ritten ^tt2i Ezek. 14: 14, 
 20. 28:38. 
 
 y^[ m. dec. VII. f. strictly infin. of 
 y*!^, but in use only as a subst. 
 opinion. Job 32: 1 >:{< m ^3;1 ^^.H^. 
 1 also will show my opinion, verses 
 6, 17. 36:3. Plur. Q-^y^ 1=i'^12r\ per- 
 fect in wisdom, Job 37: 16. 
 
 * ^^'^.f'em.of^*'7,dec.X.A;noz(y/cc?gc; gov- 
 erning an ace. Is. 11:9 niST^-riwX JlS?" . . , . , 
 7 , J r T 1 ; ' li I * ^ * ^*on may be derived. 
 Knowledge of Jehovah. It also oc- ^ '' 
 
 curs 28:9. Ps. 73: 1 1. Job 36: 4. p^.*^ 1. to drive, here to drive too hard, 
 n5?" Frov. 24 : 14. imper. from 5>n;, ^"^ ''''S^ ^" ^^^ violently, as cattle, 
 with paragogic ^. Hence n^ ^i ^"g"* TkUck (at a door.)Cant. 5: 2. 
 ^dD:b Jl7JDn so {as honey) know., Hithpa. i. q. Kal no. 2. Judg.l9: 
 
 i.e.niayest itiou experience, wisdom 22. 
 
 to thy soul. '--^t^*^ r , , r 
 
 ^>rt,ta- "" Mi'^'i proper name ot a station ot 
 
 :\" {Syr. ^^^) i. to be extinguished, ' V " r , . . 
 
 }-^\ J 7- ' J a ^j^g Israelites m the desert. Num. 
 
 to go out. Is. 43 : n.-Q^r^-l -^D 33. j^^ g^.^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^ ^1^^^ 
 
 ri^l" </ie lamp of the wicked goeth out, called El Tobbacha. 
 Prov. 13:9 24: 20. Job 21 : 17. p^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^1 ^^j ^^^^ 
 
 comp. 18:5, 6. Prov. 20: 20. (Simi- * -' ^ V,'^. 1 ^ . ' x' 
 
 lar to this, the Arabians have a 1- *'^'//,>, spoken of dust. Is. 
 
 proverb: adverse fortune has extin- ^^- ^ P1 P5^^ M dust. Lev.l6:12. 
 
 1. knowledge, act of knowing; 
 sometimes governing an accus. Jer. 
 22:16inN n^lllthe knowledge of 
 me, or to know me. Cn'irM n^T 
 knowledge or reverence of God, Hos. 
 4: 1. 6:6. DV"} ''b^Z without know- 
 ing it, unawares, Deut. 4 : 42. 19:4. 
 Josh. 20: 5. 
 
 2. understanding, intelligence^ 
 wisdom, i. q. tl^aDn, li:^nn. Prov. 
 1:4. 2:6. 24: 5.* etc. n^ ^b^2 
 without knowledge, foolishly, Job 34: 
 35.35:12,16. 38:2. 42:3. n^T yn^ 
 to possess wisdom, Prov. 17: 27. 
 
 Sj^[, in pause "^Di, m. found only Ps. 
 50:20.i.q. T\^'^ rrs'^ slander, accord- 
 ing to the Jewish commentators,but 
 perhaps merely as a conjecture 
 from the parallel clause. The 
 root nD"! i. q. Arab. L50^ Cs^^^ 
 signifies to push, thrust, wound, also 
 
 guished my light, i.e. it has destroy- 
 ed my happiness and my hopes.) 
 
 2. to dry up, spoken of water ; 
 as in Latin, exstinguere aquam, Li v. v. 
 16. comp. Curt.vi. 4. 
 
 Hence something small or like dust, 
 dust itself, Ex. 16: 14 Is. 40: 15. 
 
 2. fine, thin, lean. Lev. 13: 30 
 pi ^^^ thin hair. Gen. 41:3 kine 
 lean in flesh, verses 4. 6 thin ears. 
 
-Lev. 21 .-20 thin. 
 
 158 
 
 vNII 
 
 verse 7. i^ev. zi : zu ttnn^ con- 
 sumptive^ or perhaps having a with- 
 ered limb. 
 
 3. light, gcnik. 1 K.19: 12 tlJ2J2'n 
 MJvT a gentle breeze. 
 
 p'^m. verbal from pjpi thinness, some- 
 thing thin ; hence a fine thin gar- 
 ment, Is. 40: 22. 
 
 n^p'^f. found only Gen. 10:27. prop- 
 er name of a country in Joktanitish 
 Arabia, of which nothing- farther is 
 known. Bochart compares the 
 
 Arab. A^O, Syr. jJr? a palm-tree, 
 and supposes it to denote a country 
 rich in palms, of which there are 
 many in Arabia. Equally uncertain 
 
 is the comparison of the Syr. AI^jd? 
 
 the Tigris., as if it meant a Country 
 on the Tigris. 
 
 FR'^, pret. "pi, fut. pn\ (In Arab. 
 
 1. to he broken m pieces, to be 
 small, fine. Ex. 32 : 20 ^>' ':ni:''i 
 p"! ^uJN and he ground {it) till it 
 was fine (as dust.) Deut. 9:21. 
 
 2. trans, to bruise in pieces, to 
 
 45. fut. p-np, pr,r\; part. p7.1nttj 
 fern. Inp'^a, Dan. 7:7,19. 
 ij':;.*! to thrust through, to pierce, stab, 
 as with a sword or spear. (In 
 Aram, idem.) Num. 25: 8. Judg. 9: 
 54. 1 Sam. 31: 4. 
 
 Niph. pass. Is. 13: 15. 
 
 Pu. idem. Jer. 37:10. 51:4. Lnm. 
 4: 9 the slain with the sword are bet- 
 ter than the slain with hunger ^ 
 
 who pined away, being slain, because 
 the fruits of the field failed. a">'np^7J 
 pierced through is here applied by 
 a bold metaphor to those who are 
 killed by hung-er, as in the first 
 member of the verse 'n^^ "^YtTi is 
 put in opposition to n~in '';;bn . 73 
 denotes defect. Vulg. contabuerunt 
 consumti a sterilitate terrai. Others 
 apply here the sigrufication of the 
 Arab. ^^O to be nourished, pamper- 
 ed ; and render the passage thus, 
 for those [the slain by the sword)bled, 
 being nourished by the fruits of the 
 earth ; but in accordance neither 
 with the parallel phrase ni?l "bbtl, 
 nor with the Hebrew use of this 
 participle. 
 
 heal small. Is. 41 : 15 d-i-jn tr\1r\ "1m m. found only Est. 1:6. i.q. Arab. 
 
 rO^ OTmJ a pearl, especially one of 
 of a large size. Bochart, (Hieroz. II. 
 708 ff.) trom the accounts of Asiatic 
 Iuxury,brings examples to show that 
 pearls, as here 'n'5, were actually in- 
 laid in pavements. But on account of 
 itsconnexion in this place with other 
 stones, it means perhaps only a 
 pearl-like stone, (Sept. nlvvivog ll- 
 '&og pearl stone.) as also in German 
 a species of alabaster goes by the 
 name of Perlenmutterstein, perhaps 
 of Perlenmutter. 
 
 I'n Chald. i. q. 'li'^ age, generation. 
 ban. 3:33. [4: 3.] 4: 31. [4:34.] 
 
 borrows its form from pi^. ' ** ^^^ ' ' *** 
 
 Aph. p'^ri to break in pieces. 3 'j'^*^^'^ ni. dec. III. d. detestation, dis- 
 pers. pret. fern, np.'^n Dan. 2: 34, grace, contempt. Bau. 12:2 these io 
 
 pin"] thou threshest the mountains 
 and beatest them small. 28: 28. 
 
 Hiph. p'ln to stamp or beat small. 
 2 K.23: 15 the altar 'iCS/'b p'1^1 he 
 stamped to dust, verse 6. 2Chr. 15: 
 16. 34:4,6. In5n. p^7\ used ad- 
 verbially, ^ne (as dust,) Ex.30: 36. 
 Figuratively Mic. 4:13 thou beatest 
 in pieces many nations. Infin. p'ltl , 
 2Chr. 34:7. Fut. with suif . npn.Nt, 
 2 Sam. 22:43. 
 
 Hoph. pass. Is 28: 28. 
 
 Deriv. p'l , pT,. 
 
 Y_'[ Chald. to be broken in pieces. In 
 Peal only iiprj Dan. 2: 35, which 
 
inn 
 
 159 
 
 V^ 
 
 shame D^iy 'J^N'^^.b to everlasting 
 disgrace. (Root. N'il i. q. Arab. 
 
 
 frO to repel^ drive away^ especially 
 an evil.) Theod. aiaj(yv7]. Syr. 
 
 pJ^'l'l m. Is. 66: 24. idem^ or rather 
 i/ie o6/6c{ of abhorrence or c?e- 
 testation. From the same root. 
 
 HDiSI'lf. dec. X.Ecc. 12: II. ^oac^, 
 
 sting. Root, n-^*:: i.q. Arab. OT^ 
 io be sharp^ pointed. 
 
 "jlni'n an ox goad^ stimulus^ ^ov'Atv 
 
 TQOv. 1 Sam. 13:21. 
 ^'ll*^ proper name of a wise man 
 
 contemporary with Solomon, 1 K. 
 
 5: 11. [4: 31.] called :j^r^ in the 
 
 parallel passage 1 Chr. 2:^6. 
 
 "I'^l'^ m. thorn., thistle, tribulus ; per- 
 haps a particular species of the 
 same. Gen. 3: 18. Hos. 10: 8. (Syr. 
 
 ]^2^2 ^^^^ for the Greek vQi^oXog 
 
 5 >* c > 
 
 in N. T. Arab. AOr^ idem. Root 
 
 perhaps r^ tojlo^'jo abundantly^ also 
 to grow exuberantly, spoken of herbs. 
 DTn*^ m. of uncertain derivation. 
 
 T 
 
 1. the southf or south country. E- 
 zek. 40: 24 ff. 42: 12 ff. Ecc. 1: 6. 
 
 2. the south wind. Job. 37: 17. 
 
 11"!'^ 1. freedom, deliverance, (found 
 only in Hebrew.)-? li^n 5<";i^ 
 to announce freedom or deliverance to 
 any one, Is. 61 : 1. Jer. 34: 8, 15, 
 17. Lev. 25: 10. ^n^llTI t)yp the 
 year of deliverance (to slaves,) i. e. 
 the year of jubilee, Ezek. 46: 17. 
 *^i*TT"l73 myrrh flowing spontane- 
 ously, Ex. 30:23. 
 
 2. Ps. 84: 4. Prov. 26: 2. name of 
 a bird, ('^isit the sparrow stands in 
 the parallel* clause of both pas- 
 sages,) probably according to the 
 Jewish commentators, the swallow, 
 (perhaps so called from its flying 
 
 freely.) According to the versions, 
 turtle dove, (probably from its simi- 
 larity with -|h,) but less suitably. 
 
 Ol*^")'^ Darius, the common name of 
 
 V-r tlT ^ 
 
 several Persian kings. In Persian we 
 
 find 1 rfo and ^'f^ (dara, da- 
 rab,) a king; (see the art. p'S'niNf.) 
 The ground of the Hebrew name 
 probably lies in the Pers. (j^3[r\(J 
 darawesh (with a sufix u;,) which 
 appears to have been known loStra- 
 bo, (L. XVI. p. 785. or 27. fin.) who 
 mentions as the original form Auq- 
 tocafjg, or, as Salmasius conjectures 
 it should be written, AuQia^rig, B 
 and K being easily mistaken in 
 writing. The O.T. mentions three 
 kings of this name, (1.) Darius, the 
 Mede, or Cyaxares II. Dan. 6: 1. 
 9: 1. (2.) Darius, the son of Hystas- 
 pes. Ezra 4: 5. 5 : 5. Hagg. 1:1. 
 Zech.l:l. (3.) Darius JYothus.Neh. 
 12: 22. 
 
 ^*^'^1 i probably a corrupt reading 
 for '^TTi to search, examine, Ezra 
 10: 16. 
 
 )"1^ fut. ^h*!*^, to tread, to tread on ; 
 construed with an accus. Job 22:15. 
 Judg.5:2lTi> "TpCD "'^")ir? Om.y soul, 
 thou hast trodden on the mighty.with 
 ^^, Ps. 91: 13. 1 Sam. 5: 5. with a, 
 Mic. 5:4 :i:''ni:?3^wN2 ^n"}-; "^3 when 
 he shall tread our palaces. Is. 59: 8. 
 Deut. 11: 24, 25. Josh. 1 : 3. 14: 9. 
 When construed with ]^, to step 
 forth, to arise, Num.24: 17. Espe- 
 cially (1.) np.;: ^n'l Job 24 : U. or 
 m, m2 Lam. 1:15. ls.63:2. to tread 
 the wine-press ; also Q"'^p']a p"^ Ti'^i 
 Is. 16: 10 and simply ^^i Judg. 9: 
 27. Jer. 25 : 30. it/em. 'nn ^^"^ 
 to tread olives, Mic. 6:15. Metaphor- 
 ically to tread down or destroy one's 
 enemies, Is. 63:3. (2.) n\;3p, ^^1 to 
 bend or stretch the bow, namely, by 
 resting it on the ground, and tread- 
 h)<r on it. Ps 7: 13. 11:3. 37:14. 
 1 Chr. 5: 18. 8: 40. 2 Chr. 14: 8. Is, 
 
^11 160 tiiini 
 
 "^Dibs? '^^'la, ^^^2 ^bii to walk 
 in the ways of any one^ to follow him^ 
 to imitate him, 1 K. 16:26. 22:43. 
 2K.22:2. 2Chr. 17:3. 21: J 2. 22: 
 3. Tke ways of God denote (1.) 
 his conduct towards men^ Ps. 18: 31. 
 (2.) his will or law, Ps. 27 : 11. 
 25: 4. 
 
 3. especially religious walk, de- 
 votion to God, religion. Am. 8: 14 
 i>5"i:-'nN2 ^'it the religion or wor- 
 ship at Beersheba, cultus Beersebce. Ps. 
 139: 24 l^i> T^^i the way, i. e. the 
 worship, of idols, in the same verse 
 Dbii> ^'l.l the way of antiquity, i. e. 
 the religion of our fathers, as 
 tD^iy "^b^ri'iJ Jer. 18: 15. (Comp. 
 odog the Christian religion, Acts 1 9 : 
 9, 23. 9: 2.) 
 
 4. way, manner, method. Gen. 
 31:35 'l: d"f2J3 r]-iT it happens to 
 be with me after the manner of wO' 
 men. 19: 31 y-^^j^il-'^S ^1.1^ after 
 the manner of all the world. Is, 10: 
 24,26 h^^'^-^JD ^^nS after the man- 
 ner of the Egyptians, comp. Am. 4: 
 10. 
 
 5. work. Job 40: 19 rT'^fi^^^ i^^lrj 
 bN"'^5'l'il he is the chief of the works 
 of God.' J oh 26:14. Prov. 8:22 Jiin^ 
 iS'l'l n'^'iJN^. "i::!? Jehovah created 
 me the first of his works, 
 
 l^/^ri :| .). thekinfs l'l^^."| " Ezra. 2: 69. Neh. 7:70, 71, 
 way, i.e. the high-way. Num. 20:17. 72. i.q. liSinN the Persian daric. 
 21:22.~-lK.2:l^-^.'i.:2 ^V- "^^^^^ (Also two MSS. in Ezra 8:27, read 
 
 5:28. Also in an improper sense, 
 
 )2'^^n '^^'1 Ps.58:8. 64:4. to stretch 
 the arrows. 
 
 Hiph. 1. to cause to tread or 
 walk. Is. 11: 15. construed with z, 
 Ps.l07:7 iTlU3"i ?T^12 dlD^^";^") and 
 Jie caused them to walk, i. e. he led 
 them, the right way. 119:35. Is. 42: 
 16. 48:17. Prov. 4:11. Ps. 25: 5 
 ^^l)2^tn '^DlD'^'^nri cause me to walk 
 in thy truth, verse 9. 
 
 2. intrans. as in Kal, construed 
 with an ace. Job 28:8 tin^'^^^rn^ Nb 
 VT'^li "^31 wild beasts have not trod- 
 den it. Also to bend (the bow,) in a 
 figurative sense, Jer. 9 : 2 ^ID^^^T 
 
 T .; : ' T : J- t : 
 
 they bend their toiigues, {as) their 
 bows, for lying, and not for truth. 
 
 I I c / 
 
 3, as in Arab. '^yAOl and in Syr. 
 Aph. 
 
 to overtake. Judg. 20: 43. 
 
 '^")/l com. gen. (m. 1 Sam. 21:6. f.Ez- 
 ra 8: 21.) dual Q'^^'ni (as if from 
 'r^yi,) plur. D"'D"^'l, const. ^^D^'l, 
 verbal from ^^"^^ dec. VI. a. 
 
 1. way. The place to which the 
 way leads is put in the genitive ; as 
 yy ^'I'l the way to the tree. Gen. 3: 
 24. comp. 16:7. 35:19. 38:14. Ex. 
 13: 17. ^S^,'^b "rfyri to go on one''s 
 TOO!/, Gen. 19: 2. 32" 2. Num. 24:25 
 Josh. 2: 16. ^bsrr n")'^ 
 
 V^.^vJ -S /go the way of all things 
 earthly, i. e. I die. Josh. 23: 14. As 
 an adv. on the way to any place, to- 
 wards, as di1';Ttl ^"n.T towards the 
 south, Ezek. 8: 5. comp. 1 K. 8 : 48. 
 2. walk, manner of life, conduct, 
 (So in Arabic almost allwordswhich 
 
 P'^^.ll 1 Chr. 18 : 5,6. the Syriac 
 orthography for p'^m Damascus, 
 
 Syr. ^am^5 7. In the usual or- 
 thography, the ^ is assimilated, as 
 
 denote way.) Prov. 12: 15>^'^1N: Tj'll 
 
 rr? 3 ^u;^ the co7iduct of the fool ^y] Chald. i. q. Heb. ^i^-it the arm. 
 
 is right in his own eyes. 1:31 ""ID Dan. 2: 32. 
 
 fiS^T the fruit, i. e. the conse- tD'l'l, fut. Ui'nn";. 
 
 quences,o/ their own conduct, 1 Sam. 1 . to seek, look for, search for. 
 
 18:14 and David behaved himself Lev. 10:16. Prov. 31: 13. Con- 
 
 wisely l^^^^b^bin hiswhole conduct. strued with b , Job 10 : 6 '^ni^tanb') 
 
tan"! 
 
 161 )W 
 
 (2;^ 'in and {that) thou sear chest after 
 my sin. with ^tlN, Job 39 : 3. Also 
 in the following phrases, (1.) uj'n'v 
 'b nmiD") dib'wi to seek the peace and 
 jyros ferity of any one^ Deut. 23: 7. 
 Ezra 9:12. also \ dip"*!?^ UJn'^ in 
 the same sense, Jer. 38 : 4. UJ^'^ 
 Jl2/"1 to seek one's /mr/, Ps. 38: 13, 
 
 T T 
 
 (2.) io 5eeA: Got/, i.e. to turn to him, 
 to supplicate him; usually constru- 
 ed with an accus. in the later 
 books withb, 2Chr. 15:13. 17:4. 
 31: 21. with bii, Job 5: 8. 
 
 2. to seek vnto^ to visit or frequent 
 a place, especially for religious 
 worship. 2 Chr. 1 : 5 ^i-iui'in^.} 
 '^npJTl '7^12bp and, Solomon and the 
 congregation frequented it {the altar.) 
 Am. 5: 5. Deut. 12:5 (with bN.) Is. 
 62: 12 ^""i? nd^'lT a frequented city. 
 
 3. to require,, demand. Deut. 22:2. 
 23: 22. Mic. 6: 8. Ps. 109: 10 ri:^l 
 Dr;^na'n173 they demand {bread,,) i.e. 
 heg^ far from their desolate houses. 
 Especially D2?73, 1^ dl t"^'^ to re- 
 quire blood of any one^ u e. to 
 punish him for bloodshed. Gen. 9: 5. 
 42:22. Ezek. 33: 6. Also without 
 dl, Deut. 18 : 19 a7id whosoever 
 hearkeneth not unto my words UJI'lN 
 'JTaS'ti / willrequire it of him, i. e. I fc<u!}'^ to wax green, to flourish, Joel 2: 
 will punish him for it. Ps. 10: 4. gg. 
 
 4. to ask about,, to inquire into., to Hiph. to cause toflourish,^ to bring 
 examine.Deut, 13:15. 17:4, 9. The fortJi. Gen. 1: 11. Hence 
 
 subject inquired about or examined, " -^ 
 
 is put in the ace. 2 Chr. 32 : 31 ffp M m. verbal from is^iJ'^T, ^owng <en- 
 
 r!Si73?l ^2i^^'b to inquire into the der herb, different from Siri? a plant 
 
 miracle. 1 Chr. '28:9 6^':; nnsnb"^^ already in the seed. Gen. 1:11,12. 
 
 rsiS-i': Jehovah examineth all hearts. peut.*32:2. Prov. 27: 25. 
 
 or construed with !: , 2 Sam. 11:3. 'j'ji'^ to wax fat. Deut. 31: 20.(Arab. 
 
 Construed with Iryofthe person of */ ^ 
 
 Is. 8:19. 19:3. Deut. 18: 11. with 
 b, Ezek. 14: 7. The person through 
 whom God is consulted stands with 
 y}2 , 2 K. 8 : 8. with \ , Ezek. 
 14:7. 
 
 5. to regard, care for, ob3rve. 
 
 Deut. 11: 12 nin^ uj^i ^'^^i: Y^H 
 rrni? a land which Jehovah careth 
 for. Job 3: 4. Ps. 9: 13. Ps. 142: 5 
 
 ""iljsab M^"}! caring for my life., or for 
 
 to observe God^s commands., Ps. 119: 
 45,1515. lChr.28:8. U2t73 Ui^^ 
 to observe righteousness. Is. 1 : 17. 
 16:5. 
 
 Niph. 1. to be sought for. 1 Chr. 
 26:31. 
 
 2. pass, of Kal no. 4. to be inquir- 
 ed of; hence to answer, to hear, 
 spoken of God, construed with a 
 dative, otherwise synonymous with 
 ti::^. Ezek. 14: 3 d^.b UJn^i< '^li^'lN;!! 
 sJwuld I hear them ?^ 20: 3, 31. 36: 
 
 37 T\^'cv\ V rr^sb :;";\'^n dnt liy 
 
 drib also in this I will hearken to 
 the house of Israel to do it for them, 
 18.65: 1 :ibJ<'^ Nbb '^P'^P'^I^ I heark- 
 en to those who supplicate me not. 
 The form UJI'IN is the infin. pie* 
 onastic. 
 
 whom, and of the thing a6ow< which 
 inquiry is made, 2 Chr. 31:9 Espe- 
 cially to inquire of or consult (an or- 
 acle, Jehovah, an idol, a magician ;) 
 construed with an ace. of the per- 
 son, Gen. 25: 22. Ex. 18: 15. 2 K. 
 22: 13 (here with bi> of the thing.) 
 with 2, 1 Sam. 28:7." 2 K. 1: 2flf. 1 
 Chr. 1*0: 14. 2 Chr. 16:12. with bN, 
 
 21 
 
 *A0 idem, d and ] being often com- 
 muted.) 
 
 Pi. 1. to make fat, or full of mar- 
 row. Prov. 15: 30 niiu inS^^ittUJ 
 dizyjui'in a good report maketh 
 the bones fat. Hence to anoint, Ps. 
 23:5. 
 
 2. to regard or pronounce fat. Ps. 
 
ni 162 )r\l 
 
 20 : 4 fl3ajn^ '^n^'^^ ^^^^^ offering law, i.e. fiery law. (Vulg. lexignda, 
 
 he regarde'th as fat, i. e. he accepts so the Syr. Chald. Arab.) But 50 
 
 of it. (n is paragogic,asm iSam. MSS. read muJ5<, (also 2 Samar. 
 
 28:!l5.) MSS. rrnu^N,)^-' either m*n'i^iN5 
 
 3. denom. from 'jlp'^ , to purify streams of water, (see "l^^.j) or 
 
 from ashes, to remove ashes. Ex. 27: ^ "^ 
 
 3. Num. 4: 13. rather t^e strong, (comp. <-Va1 the 
 
 Pu. figuratively to be abundantly l^on.) The form then were femin- 
 
 satisfied, Prov. 11: 25. 13 : 4 u;S21 ^ne, as in m":s?^D Judg. 5: 2. and it 
 
 jUJnn D'^it'in the desire of the dill- would correspond to the parallel 
 
 ieiit 'shall '^satisfied, 28: 25. ^'^"^e tTV^ nini-l holy myriads. 
 
 Hothpa. to be soiled with fat, fTl f. Chald. 1. law. Dan. 6:9,13,16- 
 
 spoken of the sword. Is. 34: 6. li,^ ^^ j^j^-j th^ Jaw of God, Ezra 
 
 "jD*^ verbal adj. from "jip"^, dec. V.a. 7: 12, 21. 
 
 ^1 . fat, fruitful, spoken of the 2. religion, religious rites. Dan. 6:6 
 
 earth. Is. 30: 23. ""l^^ ^"^^ '^^ his religion; comp. 
 
 2. full of sap, spoken of trees. 7:25. "'"(The Rabbins call the Chris- 
 
 Ps. 92: 15. tian andMahommedan religion m.) 
 
 " "^ 4^ meaning, purpose. Dan. 2 : 9 
 
 Itp*^. m. with suff. '^3UJ'l, verbal from 'jiin'^ N"*?! IrTin i/iw only is your 
 
 y^'^, dec. VI. h. purpose. 
 
 .24":^3^'^.'is'5r:2/^^^ 
 
 31: 14. fruiifulness, blessing, Ps. 65 : ^m 2/^""^ ^^"^^^^ ^^^^' ^^^^^ ^^ 12, 
 
 12. 20. [4: 15,23.] 
 
 2. a5/iC5, (perhaps because the '-)^n'^ m. Chald. (strictly Persian,) 
 
 ancients made useoi them for ma- W ' c. o c. 7 -/i j w 1 
 
 ^,. n\ f 1 Dan. 3: 2, 3. one skilled m the law. 
 
 nure, comp. Pun. xvii. 9.) Lev. 1: ., '_ a a e ^ 1 
 
 1Q o,Ju^g^i compounded ot ni law, 
 
 rrn f. plur. D"'m, dec. I. a. found on- and the termination 'la, rU(comp. 
 
 ly in later Hebrew. ^2T.n.) In Pehlvi, we find datouber, 
 
 1. law, a law. Est. 1:13, 15, 19. ^V '^^o directs, commands, a judge ; 
 2: 12. tn^n rriS according to the c^^c ^ ^ j o 
 edict this day, as this day, 9: 13. in Pers. (jfrUol<-> lawyers. I 
 
 2. an order made public, an edict. ,,u ,^ , 1 r ^ /-.i u 
 Est. 3: 14. 8:13. 9:14. (The word | "n'K^^^ ^'e^^^ <^al of n'l m Chald. 
 appears to be of Persian origin. well;) Gen. 37: 17. also -jni 2 IL 
 
 ''^^^ 6:13. proper name of a place situ- 
 
 For from (JOM io give, command, ated to the north of Samaria, in 
 
 . . , . , ^ ' . . . Greek Aoydatu Judith 4 : 6. 7: 3, 
 
 appoint, IS derived 0\0 justice, equi- yicoTaiu 3: 9 
 
 ty,law\ in Pehlvi dadha, dadestan; ^ ^ 
 
 in Zend, rfaefie, in Armen. dat,judi- IVj'i proper name of an associate with 
 
 cium.) Korah, in the conspiracy against 
 
 3. Deut. 33:2. according to the Moses. Num. 16:1. 26 : 9. Deut. 
 usual reading rr^ "iii^, fine of the 11:9. Ps. 106: 7. [ 
 
n 
 
 ^, the fifth letter of the alphabet, 
 called in Hebrew Nrt He. The 
 signification of the name is un- 
 known. 
 
 As a guttural it is intermediate 
 between the gentler breathing Nand 
 the stronger M. Examples of its com- 
 mutation with ^? may be found on 
 page 1. In the kindred dialects, 
 though not in the Hebrew itself, it 
 is sometimes interchanged with n; 
 
 e.g. Syr. ^oi^, Chald. 1n5 to stoop; 
 Chaid. ^'ll'lrrT, Syr. JA^Iatwl criin- 
 son, kindred with n^iT to shine; 
 nna Samar. nna to be high ; najj 
 having a high forehead^ comp! 
 
 i^A^w a high forehead ; etc. 
 
 More frequently the Ji, as a mid- 
 dle radical, is interchanged with 
 Vav quiescent (as in the case also 
 with N, see page 1, 2.) e. g. ujia 
 
 Aram. nSl2, Zoio to be ashamed ; 
 
 5 & > 
 
 nn Arab. ^w> generation; ti'^t^'n'b 
 magic arts, comp. UJib and D^V ; 
 i::)^ Chald. bllJ2 to circumcise, comp. 
 
 r 
 
 Is. 1:22; i^D Aram, '^ins, ?oij 
 
 7 
 
 to shine ; y;!'^ Aram, c^oi^ <o run. 
 
 n a prefix, (before the gutturals and 
 n pointed with Kamets,but before ^ 
 generally, and before tl often, with 
 Pattah, and before gutturals hav- 
 ing Kamets, regularly pointed Si ;) 
 the Hebrew article, a contraction 
 of the ancient complete form pJi i.q. 
 
 Ji (b^?.) The Lamed assimilates 
 itself in Arabic to the succeeding 
 consonant in sound, at least before 
 what are called the solar letters, 
 
 but is constantly retained in the 
 
 ^ ""^^ ft 
 writing, as ^j^-*.***-' I (ashshams. ) 
 
 The Hebrews, however,both speak 
 and write UJTp.y^ln, instead of the 
 original iiiTD/Jib^i. (Another exam- 
 ple of the assimilated Lamed is ia 
 nj"?*; for 1^^y\) The plural pro- 
 noun ^N, tl";?N, these, was proba- 
 bly originally related to the article 
 ^Jl. This article is used, 
 
 1. for the definite article, the, 
 (For the cases in which the defin- 
 ite article is used, see Gr. 163, 
 164.) 
 
 2. for the demon, pron. this ; as 
 ai^^J-I ihis day, Ex. 2: 18. 1 K. 20: 
 13. "D^Dtl this time, Ex. 9: 27. 
 
 3. for the indef. art. a ; as rjttVi'irt 
 a virgin, Is. 7: 14. fii^ll on a day, 
 once, formerly, 1 Sam. 1:4. 2 K. 4: 
 18. Job 1: 6. 
 
 4. before the vocative ; as '^bjs'n 
 O king, Est.7: 3. i?3>3n O Baal, iK. 
 18:26. Cant. 6: 1.'"" 
 
 5. for the relative who, which ; 
 as the Germ, der die das for welcher 
 welche welches; and as 6 in Ho- 
 mer for this and who ; (comp. JiT.) 
 Josh. 1 0: 24 he spake to the captains 
 of the soldiers Tnfi< N^lsbJllTf who 
 went with him. Judg. 13:8 what 
 we shall do to the child n^Ji^Jl which 
 shall be born. Ezra 8: 25. Dan. 8: 
 1. Ps. 34 : 13. So Gen. 27: 33 
 ^h, fi<5^l ^1'^ '^22J^ ii'^n *iiDiS, ^12 
 who then is he that hunted venison 
 and brought it to me ? In this in- 
 stance, therefore, there is no 
 change in the construction from the 
 participle to the finite verb. 
 
 Note. It is to be observed that 
 in the construction of a noun with a 
 following genitive, the article, if 
 
m 
 
 164 
 
 !?nn 
 
 used, is placed before the genitive; 
 as b^n "niaij a hero, Judg. 11 ; 1. 
 b']nn 12.n ^Ae heroes^ Josh. 1 : 14. 
 i^'^nrr. ni2ii O /iero, Judg. 6 : 12. 
 a"^^*ln U;''N thou bloodhound. 2 Sam. 
 16: 7. comp verse 8. 
 
 j a prefix, (before gutturals pointed 
 'with Pattah, but before gutturals 
 having Kamets, with Segol ; some- 
 times, like the article, followed by 
 Dagesh forte, especially before 
 letters with Sheva, as Gen. 17 : 17. 
 
 f 
 
 18:21. 37:32.) i.q. Arab. 1. 
 
 1. a sign of the direct inquiry, 
 i.q. Lat. an ? num ? Gen. 4:9 ^73ii;Jl 
 ''Id:?^ ''ln>5 am, I my brother'^s keeper'! 
 In such an inquiry a negation is 
 sometimes implied, (comp. N"bll 
 nonne ? for ecce !) 2 Sam. 7 : 5 
 
 for me a house? i.e. thou shalt not 
 build me a house ; hence in the 
 parallel passage 1 Chr. 1?: 4 t^";? 
 
 ilp.in nriN thou shalt not build, etc. 
 So Am. 5' 25. 
 
 2. in the indirect inquiry, whether. 
 Gen. 8: 8 to see &'^/2n ^iVjitl whether 
 the xvaters were abated. 24: 23. Cant. 
 6:11. Also where there is no inqui- 
 ry ; as Gen. 43: I to tell the man 
 ni<{ a:Db Tii-ll that ye had yet a broth' 
 er. It is sometimes Ibllovved byDJ^ or, 
 
 Gen. 18:21.27:21. (In Arab, pf f .) 
 
 3. nonne ? Gen. 30 : 2 ninnrr 
 ^^Dbi^ D*nV^5. stand I not under God'l 
 50: 19. Job.'20:4ri3;'i; r^\i^^'n_knoW' 
 est thou not this ? 40: 33. 1 Sam. 2 : 
 27. 2 Sam. 23: 17. Jer. 31:20. E- 
 zek. 20: 4. 
 
 4. sometimes i. q. n&5 if. Ex. 33: 
 16 whereby shall it be known 
 ^272^' '^ri^jba NpJl if not in this that 
 thou goest with us. 
 
 ^T\ Cbald. 568 .' behold ! .^an. 3 : 25. 
 (Syr. I Ol idem.) 
 
 ^Tl Jo! behold ! Gen. 47:23. Ezek. 16: 
 i3. 
 
 s^7. Chald. idetn. Dan. 2 : 43 ""^S ^?n 
 behold, as for a* simply. So in Syr. 
 1 01 is often redundant. 
 
 n^Jni interj. formed by an onomato- 
 pceia, aha ! expressive of exultation, 
 Is. 44: 16. Job 39: 25. Ps.35: 21,25. 
 of scorn, Ps. 40: 16. Ezek. 25:3. 
 
 n imper. of nin^. 
 
 D^JiTlDu masc. plur. verbal from 
 !ltT* to give ; presents, offerings. Hos. 
 8:73. 
 
 /3n, fut. bain'', to be vain, to cherish 
 vain thoughts. Job 27 : 12 "SlTsb 
 ^bann b!5i7 jit 78? /i?/ cZo ^om cherish 
 so vain a thought. Ps. 62: 1 1 bUi^ 
 ^balnn b^ be not vainin robbery,\.e. 
 ind\ilge not vain hopes from it.2K.17: 
 15 ^bz^T"?.T biiir: ^llni< ^"d^H they 
 went after vain idols ^and becamevain, 
 i. e. practised idolatry. Jer.2: 5. 
 
 Hiph. to make vain, to seduce to 
 idolatry. Jer. 23:16. 
 
 b'^T}^, ra. with suff. ^\^^^ ; Plur. D^bnJl, 
 const, ""bill ; verbal from b^^n, dec. 
 VI. a. and k. 
 
 1. breath, vapour, (Aqu. aifAig , 
 Symm. aTf.i6g , so Kimchi ;) for the 
 most part, as an image of transient- 
 ness. Job 7: 16 '73^ b^.n ''^ for my 
 days are a breath. Prov. 13 : II 
 tsy?^"^ 'byniz^ 'Jiit riches pass away 
 more rapidly than a vapour. 21: 6. 
 31:30. Ps.39:6. Ecc. 1:2, 14. 2: 
 11, 17,-23. 4:4,8. 5:9. 6:9. Ap- 
 plied in a peculiar manner to an un- 
 timely birth, Ecc. 6: 4 5<2 b^.lri5 ""^ 
 1\.1 T*Pl^^/'5'* *^ came in a breath, 
 and departed in darkness. 
 
 2. figuratively something vain, 
 foolish, or of no value. Lam. 4: 17 
 
 bain ^^D^ISf our vain help. Jer.lO: 
 3, 8. 
 
 3. especially idols, idolatry. la 
 the singular, 2 K. 17: 15. Jer. 2: 5. 
 in the plural, Jer. 8 : 19. 14: 22. 
 Deut. 32:21. Ps. 31:7 i^-iu; "^^ir: 
 vain idols. Jon. 2: 9. 
 
mn 
 
 165 
 
 i:^n 
 
 4. adv. in vain, to no purpose. 
 Job 9: 29. 21:34. 35: 16. Is. 30: 7. 
 Ps.39:7. 
 
 5. a proper name, Abel, (Sept. 
 "^|5fA,) Adam's second son. The 
 meaning of the name {transientness 
 or short continuance) has probably 
 a designed reference to his early 
 death. Gen. 4: 2. 
 
 PDn idem, (with Chaldaic form.) 
 d'^'^nirt b^tl vanity of vanities, Ecc^ 
 \.k] 12:8.* 
 
 D'^DIIljn masc. plur. found only Ezek. 
 27: 15. ebony, ebenum, t^ivog. So 
 among the ancients Symmachus and 
 Jerome, comp. Bocharti Hieroz. T. 
 II. p. 141. The similarity of the 
 names is also of great weight in a 
 production of the east, the name of 
 which usually passed, with the arti- 
 cle itself, into Greece. The names 
 of several other kinds of costly 
 wood, (as &'^73n^N, D-^riuJ,) are used 
 only in the plural ; probably be- 
 cause the wood was brought from 
 abroad divided into planks, {(fa- 
 layyig.) 
 
 Il^n found only Is.47:13 tT^lzt '^'nnn, 
 Sept. aoTQoloyoi TovovQa.vovNn\^. 
 augnres coeli. Probably those who 
 cut up the heavens, or divide them in- 
 to fields or houses, (as they are cal- 
 led,) for the purpose of taking au- 
 guries, i. e. astrologers ; from the 
 
 root f^^ to cut off. Others make 
 *nitl i.q. Arab. /^^ lo know. 
 I. n^l, fut. rt.nri';.. (In Syr. iy^ to 
 meditate, to read by syllables ; Pw. to 
 meditate, consider ] Ethpa. to read.) 
 1. to meditate on any thing ; con- 
 strued with 2, for Ihe^most part ap- 
 plied to religious reflection. Josh. 
 
 1:8 nyb"] n^i"" ii ^3'^^^'? ^^^^"^ *^^^^ 
 
 meditate thereon (^on the law) day and 
 night. Ps. 1 : 2. 63 : 7. 77 : 13 
 
 "Tibys-b^S n'':;^1 / will meditate 
 
 1 vt:it t : T : 
 
 on all thy works. 143: 5. (parall. 
 n^'^.) Used absolutely, Prov. 15:28 
 
 riiD^b Jl5ri^ p''"^S ab the heart of 
 
 the righteous meditates in order to 
 answer. Construed with an accus. 
 to think on any thing, to remember, 
 Is. 33: 18 !-r73-'N naiTi; "r^zh thy heart 
 shall remember the time of terror, 
 also in an evil sense, to imagine, in- 
 vent, devise, Ps. 2: 1 r\^r]^^ Q'^'^Nb 
 P'^'n {wherefore) do the nations im- 
 agine a vain thing ? i. e. vain sedi- 
 tion. Prov. 24: 2. Is. 59: 13. 
 
 2. to speak, utter. Job 27 : 4.' Ps. 
 35: 28 ^|?'^:i ti^.iin "^Sl'^b my 
 tongue shall speak, i.e. celebrate, thy 
 rigfUeousness. 37 :30. 71: 24. 116: 7. 
 Is. 59: 3. Prov.8:7. 
 
 3. to sigh, mourn, lament. Jer. 48: 
 31. Is. 16:7. 
 
 4. to mourn or coo, spoken of 
 doves. Is. 38: 14 M:is3 n.n^N / 
 mourned as a dove. 59: 11. 
 
 5. to roar, spoken of lions. Is. 
 31:4. 
 
 Po. infin. \^T\\. q. Kal no. 2. Is., 
 59:13. 
 
 Hiph. part. plur. D'^ijSi?:, to mut- 
 ter, (as sorcerers do their incanta- 
 tions,) or to cno or sigh (as necro- 
 mancers, in imitating the voice of 
 the manes.) Is. 8: 19. 
 
 II. n^ri i. q. Ji^"^ no. II. to he sepa- 
 rated, (comp. ^blTT and r[b^,) and 
 trans, to separate. Prov. 25 : 4 i:nn 
 
 P)D3^ D'^^"''^ separate the dross from 
 the silver. The infin. is here used 
 for the imper. Symm. ^ad^rnQS. 
 Vulg. aufer. verse 5. (Others read 
 i^ri, as if Hiph. from t^^^) Proba- 
 bly also Is. 27: 8 iniDj^n -im^i "nvn 
 D'^^p ai'^il he sweeps them away with 
 a violent zvind, in the day of the 
 east wind. 
 
 Tl^ri m. verbal from inill^. 
 
 1. a thought. Ps. 90: 9. 
 
 2. sighing, mourning. Ezek. 2:10. 
 
 3. roaring (of thunder.) Job 
 37: 2. 
 
 ni^^iH f. (with Kamets impure) ver- 
 bal from n:in, dec I. thovs-ht, medi- 
 tation. Ps. 49: 4 
 
^yn 
 
 166 
 
 iin 
 
 !^^^T\ m. verbal from obs. ^i^^ prob. 
 ). q, n^n, (comp. fil^l and C^jt;, 
 pj:n and ^pn, nn'-j and Jiri^ ,) 
 sighing. Ps. 5. 
 
 dec. III. f 
 
 a. mourmn^. 
 
 ,2 '':^'^5n ?72'^n mn"> Jehovah, hear 
 m?/ mourning, 39 : 4 ^5.*ln "^^''^Jl? 
 *ij{< literally tn mi/ mourning a fire 
 "Was kindled^ i. e. 1 became impa- 
 tient. According to the first sig^- 
 nification of Ji^rr, it may be trans- 
 lated in the laUer passag-e, musings 
 meditation ; and in the former, med- 
 itation^ prayer. So De Wette. 
 
 'jl'^^n m. prob. a pocm^ song. (The 
 Syriac translator gives this mean- 
 ing to the root i^^n Is. 8: 19. and it 
 is easily derived from the significa- 
 tion meditari., scil. carmen.) Ps. 92:4 
 ^fsSa "jv^rr ^b^:, Sept. ^n codrig 
 Iv nc^ccQcc., ivitk a song on the harp. 
 So Vulg. Jerome. Ps. 9 : 17 p'^^l"! 
 Jibs (a musical expression,) Sept. 
 codrj diailiaXfiazog^ an interlude^ cho- 
 rus. So Symm. Aqu. Vuig. Accord- 
 ing to others, 'ji'i.Tln in both cases 
 denotes a musical instrument. 
 
 1 M^n m. verbal from ln.3^, dec. I. 
 
 1. meditation. Ps. 19: 15. 
 
 2, intention.) purpose^ (comp. ITT^^I 
 Ps. 2:1.) Lam. 3: 62. 
 
 which the tribes beyond Jordan 
 were frequently at war. Steph. 
 Byzant. speaks of a people in that 
 country called * ^y^aiot ; Dionys. 
 Perieget. (v.956.) ot the ^^ygtut^ in 
 the neighbourhood of the Naba- 
 theans. The moderns compare 
 c 
 
 /snsb i.e. the province Baharein ; 
 
 5 c ^ 
 
 or pSn.^^ a city in Arabia Petrea. 
 The Jewish commentators make 
 them the posterity of Hagar. 
 
 U j. i. q. ^'V''n shout of joy^ rejoicing. 
 Ezek.7:7 tD'^^rT ^tl the rejoicing 
 upon the mountains., (comp. Is. 16: 
 9, 10.) 
 
 "j'^nDl^il plur. masc. Chald. state 
 counsellors.^ ministers., viziers. Dnn. 3- 
 24. 4:33. [36.] &: 8. also ^n'l'n^ 
 ii^b'D 3: 27, royal counsellors. The 
 Ottoman Porte, for example, has 
 six counsellors, besides the grand 
 vizier. The termination ^2, (see 
 ^ap, nin'^. ) shows that the word 
 is of Persian origin ; but the 
 meaning of the first syllable n^: 
 is not easily defined. 
 
 "^-1. proper name of a king of the 
 Idiimeans. Gen. 36: 35. 1 Chr. 1:46. 
 comp. verse 50. 
 
 "j^^iH m. adj. dec. 111. a. found only 1T3? [ly}^ a proper name, Hadadezer^ 
 Ezek. 42:12. convenient.^ fit., suita- king of Syria of Zobah. 2 Sam. 8: 3 
 ble. (In the Talmud "ji:;^ becom- ff. Other passages read 'iT.^'^tlij. 1 
 ing^ fit ^suit able.) " as 2 Sam. 10: 16, 19. 1 Chr. 19: 16, 
 
 -%'!'-? TT r< 19. but here also individual MSS. 
 
 Ut t a proper name, Haaar. an Eo^yp- , ", ^ , u iuiY uw 
 
 '.',' ., ^ '', have the first reading, 
 
 tian, hand-maul to Sarah, and moth- ,Li^^h-i-ta, 
 
 er of Ishmael, Gen. 16 : 1. 25: 12. V'^l \ AO. proper name of a place m 
 
 The root of this word signifies in the plain of Megiddo. Zech. 12: 11. 
 
 Arabic, tojiee.^ to leave oneh country., According to Jerome afterwards 
 
 (whence Hegira, the flight of Ma- called Maximianopolis. 
 
 hommed;) hence ^^rj signifies/r/ai- -'^j^ ^^ ^^^^^^j^ ^^^^ r^^^ j^^^^ v q^^^ 
 
 tive., a name which a^rees with her 7 \ 1 o t a u 1 o rr va. 
 
 history. See biii, U-U:^- In Arab, and Syr. ^Os^ 
 
 D'^'l^n masc. plur. Ps. 03 : 7. and 
 
 and -j5cn to lead^ direct. 
 
 DVH'^n^rilChr.S:!, 19,20. 11: '^'^'^ ^^^'^'^t") ^^^- V^' ^^'^^' 
 38. 27:31. proper name of a peo- t\I<k r j- r^i^ 1 1 
 pie, in the 'cast of Gilead, with ^*' '"* ^''^- '^ ' 
 
 8:9. 
 
finn 167 -iin 
 
 3. to thrust atsoay^ to keep back, 
 withhold. 2K. 4:27. Prov. 10: 3. 
 
 4. to drive away. Deut. 6: 19. 9: 
 4. Josh. 23: 5. 
 
 See Bo- ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^-^^^^ 
 
 broad^ (like the kindred n"!}*,) also 
 to be extended in height, tumidum 
 
 esse. (Arab. r<-XAI tumidus., comp. 
 jnLX:^ in<Mmwi.) Is. 45 : 2 tZi'^'l^nrt 
 ^UJ'^t?. /twii^ l&vel the high places^ lo- 
 ca tumida complanabo. Sept. dgr^ 
 0|uaA*w. 
 
 2. <o adorn^ decorate. Is. 63 : 1 
 adorned in his apparel. 
 
 3. <o honour^ respect, reverence ; 
 construed with an accus. or with 
 'd ''5C, Lev. 19:32. also to have 
 respect of persons^ to be partial in 
 judging^ i. q. CD^:D Nir;3, Ex. 23: 3. 
 Lev. 19:15. 
 
 Niph. pass.of Kal no. 3. Lam. 
 5:12. 
 
 Hithpa. to make one''s self broad^ 
 to make a display. Prov. 25: 6. 
 
 Dih'ln Gen. 10:27. name of an 
 Arabian tribe of the race of Joktan. 
 The Arabic genealogists also men- 
 tion a D^}'-nn, plf^-^ 
 
 charti Phaleg, Lib. II. p. 128. Mi- 
 chaelis Spicil. Geogr. P. il. p. 162. 
 
 '^j'ln to overthrow .)to tread to the ground. 
 
 Job 40: 12. In Arab. ^UA to 
 throw to the ground^ as a house. 
 
 D'sH Chald. a piece. "jittTn ^i?. 
 ban. 2: 5. 3:29. {fitkrj novHv 2 Mac* 
 1: 16.) to make one into pieces^ to 
 hew in pieces, a mode of capital pun- 
 ishment, in use among several an- 
 cient nations, otherwise in Syr. 
 
 y 
 
 .nms. (Chald. tZD'^ti to cut in 
 
 pieces ; Syr. >05cn a member. Ethpa. 
 
 >050i2| to be dismembered.) 
 
 Din m. joined with a';ba'n, a foot- 
 stool. (Root tDlJl, in Arabic to 
 
 spread upon the ground, to make level 
 with the ground.) Is. 66:1 the earth is *Tin Chald. Pa. "n^^ to honour, to re 
 the footstool of my feet. Ps. 110:1 'i. Dan. 4: 31, 34. [4: 34, 37.] 
 
 till I make thine enemies thy foot- ^^^^ 
 
 stool. Especially is the ark of the ' *! m. verbal from ^-i^i^, dec. IV. c. 
 
 1. ornament. Ezek. 16 : 14. Ps. 
 
 covenant called the footstool of 
 God, because Jehovah was consid- 
 ered as seated upon it, 1 Chr. 28: 2. 
 Ps.99:5. 132:7, Lam. 2: 1. 
 
 D^lfl m. plur. tZD^D'lJl dec. VIII. h. 
 myrtle. Neh. 8:15. Is. 41 : 19. 55: 
 13. Zech. 1:8,10,11. See Celsii Hi- 
 erobotanicon, P. ii. p. 17 ff. (Arab. 
 
 110. 3 i:'7.p '^'^.'lin sacred ornaments 
 or attire. ?ro\ .20: 29 t=l^3j?.T ^^n 
 ni'^iy gray hairs are the ornament of 
 old men. Lev. 28:40 '^'Tri f^^ beauti- 
 ful trees. 
 
 2. pomp, splendour, majesty. Ps. 
 104: 1 nujnb ^nim lirj thou put- 
 test 0:1 glory and majesty. Job 40: 5. 
 Ps. 29: 4 ^nnn Irji^T" bip the voice 
 of Jehovah is full of majesty, 
 
 3. honour. Ps. 149:9. 
 
 q^l\A in the dialect of Yemen,i.q. 
 
 (jJJi a myrtle.) 
 nOin {myrtle) the earlier name of ^^^ ^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ 
 
 the Jewish maiden Esther. Est. 2:7. 
 Plin fut. P|^i7\ 1 . to thrust, strike, 
 
 ferire. Num. 35: 20, 22. Ezek. 34: 
 
 21. Job 13 : 18 ^ ^il!?'^.!^: I'^i^^. 
 
 ^4Jn they shall thrust him out of 
 
 light into darkness. 
 
 2. to thrust down, to oiterihrow. 
 
 Jer. 46:15. 
 
 ornament, 
 honor, glory. Dan. 11 : 20 ^'^y?2 
 n^Sb.^ "inrr t;^*: one who shall send 
 an officer through the glory of his 
 kingdom, i. e. through Palestine. 
 The expression is parallel with 
 'i^i verse 16. comp. Zech. 9: 8 
 As a parallel in sense, see 2 Mac. 
 3:1 ff. 
 
^^in 
 
 168 
 
 -in 
 
 rnin f. const, n^^'iii, fem. of --inin, 
 dec.Xl.d. ornament^ honor. Prov. 
 14: 28. "*Dlp"ri'n'lil sacred orna- 
 ments or attire^ Ps. 29: 2. 96: 9. 
 
 (Rfl interj. of lament, formed by an 
 onomatopoeia, i. q. ninJ^t wo! alas f 
 Ezek. 3U: 2. 
 
 in i.q. 'Tin interj. alas! Am. 5:16. 
 
 tS^'^T] 1 . pron. prim, of the third per- 
 son sing. masc. he, and as a neuter 
 
 it. (Syr. ooi , Arab.^ib.) In the 
 
 Pentateuch this form is of the com- 
 mon gender, and stands for the 
 fem. N"^!!, which occurs only 11 
 times in the writings of Moses, 
 (comp. the Masora on Gen. 38: 25.) 
 The authors of the vowel points, to 
 whom this use of the word appeared 
 strange, sought to remedy it, at 
 least so far as the vowel points are 
 concerned,by writing it j^ISi, where 
 we must of course suppose a Keri 
 iS"'n. The same punctuation oc- 
 curs also IK. 17:15. Job 31: II. 
 Is. 30: 33. where N^ri is without 
 doubt the correct reading. 
 
 2. self, same, selfsame. Is. 7 : 14 
 
 m'iN lz:r)b ^^^r^ ^:'m \r\^ the Lord 
 
 himself will give you a sign. Ps. 44 : 
 6. iChr. 17: 26. especially with 
 the article i^^HH L^iT^'li^in the same 
 
 place. 
 
 3. It serves to express the sub- 
 stantive verb to be, i. e. the copula 
 in the loofical sense. Is. 43: 25 'Dbi< 
 
 X 
 
 nnb i<^rf / am he that blotteth out, 
 
 ego sum abstergcns. 
 
 Note. Under one of the three 
 preceding numbers, all those cas- 
 es probably belong, in which N^^ 
 has been supposed to designate Je- 
 hovah. (See Simonis Onomast. V.T. 
 p. 549.) E.g. under no. 1. Deut. 
 32: 39 -J^N!,-! i<:il-I '':it ^2i< "^ID ^wNn 
 '172y tZD'^n'^N sec that /, even I, artl 
 he, and besides me there is no God. 
 Is. 43 : 10, 13, 25. 40: 12. Jer. 14: 
 22. under no. 2. Ps. 102: 28 SttPwN 
 
 i^^Tt thou {art) the same, under no. 
 
 3. 2 Sam. 7: 28 tZl^rrp^l. i<nn nni< 
 thou art God. 
 
 N'V> Chald. idem. Dan. 2: 21. 
 
 ^in Chald. see niH. 
 
 )in dec. I. a. 
 
 1. ornament^ decoration. Zech.lO: 
 3. 6: 13. 
 
 2. splendour, glory, majesty ; (1.) 
 spoken of God, and joined with ^"ivj? 
 Ps.21:6. 96:6. 104:1. 111:3. Job 
 40: 10. (2.) of a king, 1 Chr. 29:25. 
 Dan. 11:21. (3.) of the voice, Is. 
 30: 30 "ibip Tin his majestic voice. 
 
 Job 39 : )iO ii72^i< iin: m'ri his 
 
 mighty snorting is terrible. 
 
 3. bloom of youth., blooming court- 
 tenance, comeliness. Dan. 10: 8 "^"liti 
 '^y ^?n?. ^^ comeliness was changed 
 upon me. Hos. 14:7 ilin n";T5 as the 
 olive tree is his comeliness. (Comp. 
 VT.) 
 
 nin Lq.n*'n to be. (the current word 
 
 XT T X ' ^ 
 
 in Aramean,but in Hebrew confined 
 to the poets and later writers.) 
 Part, nin, Neh. 6: b. Ecc. 2: 22. 
 Imper. "iiin, ">in, Gen. 27: 29. Is. 
 16:4. Job 37:6" 'niaj^'t 5^;^b ^3 
 y"7,5<""i<1?l for /le saith to the snow, 
 be thou on the earth. Sept. ylvov ini 
 yijg. Others : fall upon the earth ; 
 
 comparing the Arab. t_^^ io fall. 
 
 Vulg. ut descendat in terram. Put. 
 
 i<:)lri'; Ecc. II: 3, for the apoc. tiin^ 
 from tliJl?.. 
 
 nin and N*in Chald. to be, i.q. Heb. 
 Tt'^h. Fut. Tl'X'nZ , sometimes joined 
 with the prefix b signifying that, 
 the preformative of the future be- 
 ing omitted ; e. g. "jinb that they 
 may or might be, Dan. 2: 43. 6: 
 2, 3. I^IJl.^. 5: 17. The Chaldeans 
 use this word very frequently with 
 the participles of other verbs to 
 express the tense of narration ; 
 e.g. n*^^il nm / saw, Dan. 4: 7, 10. 
 [4: 10, 13.] 7^2,4. 
 
^in 
 
 169 
 
 iin 
 
 n^il f.(also Tl^jn in the Kethib of Job 
 6:2. 30: 13.) dec. X. 
 
 1. desire. Prov.l0:3 D*'^*^^ :^^'rl 
 p]'7?7'' he withholds the desire of the 
 wicked. Parall. p"*"^^ 2;S3. (In Arab, 
 
 C^A ic/em, from lS^^ to desire, 
 will, love.) 
 
 2. mischief, evil, wickedness. 5:10 
 ^)'i!lJ^ D2"^iP ^^^iV inward part is very 
 wickedness. 38 : 13 ni^Sl ^"^^l ^^^V 
 
 speak evil 52:4,9. 55: 12. Prov.U: 
 6. 17:4 ni^rt ']r::b, b? V!^. ^"^' 
 cnitig to a wicked tongue. Job 6:30. 
 
 3. ruin, destruction, calamity. Ps. 
 57: 2 nintl '^^i?^ 'I? <*^' ^^ calami- 
 ties are past. 91 : 3 m'llrt 'nil the 
 destructive pestilence. 94:20. Prov. 
 19: 13. Job 6:2 Keri. 30 : 13 Keri. 
 
 (Corop. c^^ib/a7/,rui,from \^^ 
 to fall.) ^ "-^ 
 
 riin i. q. Hlln no. 3. destruction, ca- 
 lamity. Is.'47:ll. Ezek. 7:26. 
 
 ^in 1. interj. of threatening, wo! 
 alas! construed with an ace. Is. 1: 
 4 Ntoh D5> "^"iil a/as / sinful nation. 
 5: 8," 11, "l8, 20, 21. with bN, Jer. 
 48: 1. with ^5?, 50: 27. Ezek. 13: 3. 
 with ^, 13: 18. 
 
 2. of grief, ah! alas! 1. K. 13: 30 
 "^HN "^"iln a^rts / m?/ brother. 
 
 3. of exhorting, come on! ho! Lat. 
 AcMs/ Zech. 2: 10. [6.] Is. 55:1. 
 
 "^^n Chald. <ogo. Fut. ^!n^ Ezra 5: 
 5. 6: 5. 7: 13. Infin. rjSl^', 7: 13. 
 
 inpipin f. plur. niVbilrt, verbal from 
 Foel of Vb!l, dec. X. foolishness, 
 madness. Ecc'l: 17.2: 12. 
 
 n'^^^hn f. verbal from Pocl of^^Ti, 
 idem. Ecc. 10: 13, 
 
 Q^iHrn. (Milel) verbal from D'rrr, a 
 stroke (with the hammer.) Is. 41:7. 
 The part. tDb.in (Milra) would ap- 
 pear to suit the connexion better. 
 But D^/in (Mile!) may itself be re- 
 garded as this participle, the 
 accent being drawn back, and the 
 22 
 
 last syllable shortened, on account 
 of the following penacuted dissyl- 
 lable, as Gesenius has shown in his 
 Lehrgeb.p. 308. and in his Isaiah, 
 note on chap. 41: ?. 
 
 ^^7\ to confound, throw into consterna' 
 tion. Deut. 7:23 flb^i:^ nmm^ U12T\ 
 he shall throw them into great con- 
 sternation. 
 
 Niph. fut. D'nD to be thrown into 
 commotion, (by an unexpected oc- 
 currence,) spoken of a city or 
 country. Ruth 1: 19. 1 Sam. 4:5. 
 IK. 1:45. For the forms r?2''^N, 
 ^li^.'^Jin, see under n^^. 
 
 Deriv. Hmt^'a. 
 
 "j^iH i. q. Arab. (^VA to be light, small; 
 conj. II. IV. X. to regard as a light 
 thing, to lightly esteem, to despise- 
 So Hiph. Deut. 1: 41 n^!:5?.b 'lI'^nPT 
 and ye regarded it as a light thing 
 to go up, i.e. ye were going up in a 
 thoughtless manner. Others : and 
 ye despised {the divine command)and 
 went up ; comp. Num. 14: 44. 
 
 "Jin m. dec. I. a. 1. riches, wealth, 
 substance. Prov. 1: 13. 6: 31. 8: 18. 
 Ps. 44: 13 lin Nba/or that which is 
 not wealih,\.e.{or nought. Plur.D"^:!??} 
 Ezek 27: 33. 
 
 2. adv. enough., sufficient. Prov. 
 30: 15, 16. Sept. dgnH. So also the 
 
 Chald. Syr. Arab. (Arab. U%A 
 
 . i^fUo 
 
 ease, convenience ; comp. {^ 
 
 live quietly, pleasantly \ (J*) quiet^ 
 convenience.) 
 
 "nin and "in 1. i.q. ^n a mountain, 
 being the more ancient and unusual 
 form. Gen. 49: 26 ly '^^rt the eter- 
 nal mountains. Parall. nVl's? n'i:'*i5 
 the everlasting hills. The Masoret- 
 ic punctuation of this phrase is 
 ny ""^"ir? , according to which "'niin 
 signifies parentes mei., (part, from 
 JTnrr,) as rendered by the Vulg. 
 andthald. and ly is to be joined to 
 the following clause. But the par- 
 allel passages Deut. 33: 15. Hab, 
 
i^n 
 
 170 
 
 n'^'n 
 
 3 : 6. as well as the parallel Hiphil of in'l"' to praise, celebrate : 
 clause D^iy nbna , decide against . '^ -.u i^ 
 
 this punctuation: The true punctu- '"^ '' synonymous with n^n^n ; but 
 ation is probably ^5 .h,,Sji. ^ '*'* analogous form is known. 
 
 2. proper name of a mountain on ^TH m. prim, formed by an onoma- 
 topoeia, joyful acclamation^ shout of 
 
 the borders of Edom. Num. 20: 22 
 33: 32. 
 3. of another in Lebanon. Num. 
 
 34: 7, 8. 
 
 ^IJin [save) a proper name, 
 
 1. the earlier name of Joshua, 
 servant and successor to Moses. 
 
 1 ff. 18: 1 flf. 
 3. a prophet. Hos. 1: 1,2. 
 
 nin or rinn found only in Pilel or 
 
 Poel, Ps. 62:" 4 ^5? ^nninn jidn ^5> 
 
 ! : T T 
 
 *J:i"'iJ< Aoia? long will ye rage against 
 a mani Sept. l-nni'diO'bf:, Vulg. 
 irniitis. Comp. OV.^ intulit ma- 
 lum^ grassatus est, Aquila and Je- 
 rome less suitably, Ini^ovkeveTe, in- 
 
 sidiamini; comp. Ov.^ conj. III. 
 So R. Jona. 
 
 iTn to dream,, to speak in one'*s sleep. 
 Is. 56 : 10. Sept. twuvta^of-uvoL, 
 Aqu. cf}UVTa^6f.ievoi. Symm. ogafiu- 
 
 iiaxuL (In Arab. C-^lXA and 
 
 jlXA to be 'delirious, especially 
 from sickness ; so mtl in the Tal- 
 mud.) 
 
 -'^t] for '?13, (as b:i2 for b^^%) verbal 
 
 from TlU'iAamentation. Ezek. 2: 10. 
 
 i^^n f. 1. pron. of the third person 
 
 sing, she., and as a neuter it. Syr. ^cn 
 
 / 
 
 Arab. (jA. Comp. the masc. fi^in. 
 / 
 
 2. with the article, 'ln!l this, 
 the same. 
 
 3. used for the subst. verb. Lev. 
 11:39. 
 
 N'^n Chald. idem, Dan. 2: 9. 
 
 ril r^n plur. fem. Neh. 12 : 8. songs 
 
 of praise, psalms ; comp. 11:17. It 
 is without doubt a verbal from the 
 
 joyt rejoicing,' spoken (1.) of the 
 vintager, and presser of grapes, 
 Jer. 25:30. 48:33. (2.) of the war- 
 rior, Jer. 51 : 14. la Is. 16:9, 10, 
 the two significations are put m an- 
 tithesis to each other. 
 
 in- 
 fin. Ji'iJi, nrn, once Ji^n Ezek. 
 21:15. flO.] 
 
 1. to be. ^b Si'^n / have, mihi 
 est, Ex. 20 : 3. Otherwise constru- 
 ed with a dative of the person and 
 thing, to serve for any thing, Ex. 4 : 
 16. Num. 10: 31. or to be any thing, 
 1 Sam. 4: 9 D'^UJZNb ^^1-\ be men, (or 
 become men.) Construed with ^ be- 
 fore an infinitive, it forms in many- 
 phrases a periphrasis for the future, 
 Gen. 15: 12 Nil^ ''l^T^'^tl ^11^2 and 
 
 the Sim was about to set. 2 Chr. 26 : 
 5 n^Tfb^^ '^^ik ""^^l "^ ^ sought 
 God. The verb in the infini- 
 tive must often be translated pas- 
 sively, Deut. 31 : 17 i^bi^b rfJl he 
 
 :: '' X X 
 
 shall be to consume.,!, e. he shall be 
 consumed. Josh. 2: 6 'n^'ipn "'n/^T 
 
 I^Db and the gate was to be shut. Is. 
 6: is. nuji Di> n'^n rem habere 
 
 X X X 
 
 cum femina., Gen. 39: 10. 2 Sam. 
 13: 20. 
 
 2. to become. ';: JT^ii to become 
 any thing, Ex. 4: 4, 9.'-J"'i<"b tl^vj to 
 be enjoyed by a man., rem hat ere cum 
 viro, Hos. 3:3. Jer. 3 : 1. Deut. 
 24:2. 
 
 3. to happen. ), Ip ''li'^T it hap' 
 pened that. Sometimes to succed.,to 
 joros/)er, Is.l9:15 O^^ir^^ J-i;;^;; Jt"!: 
 lrjT2)i'^ no work shall succeed to the 
 Egyptians. 
 
 Niph. rj^!ri3 i. q. Kal, but occur- 
 ring more rarely. 
 
 1. to 6c,(strictly pass, of an obso- 
 
h^n 
 
 171 
 
 bn 
 
 iete Hiphil, to be brought about.) 1 
 K. 1:27. 12:24. 
 
 2. to become, (literally to be made.) 
 Construed with h, , to become any 
 thing, Deut. 27: ij. to be made or re- 
 ceived by any one, Zech. 8: 10. 
 
 3. to be done or brought to pass. 
 Neh.6:8. Deut. 4:32. Judg. 19:30. 
 20:3,12. 
 
 4. to be done^ finished, wearied out, 
 like Lat. confici. Dan. 8 : 27 '^n\':lriD 
 "'n'^ibln?.') / was wearied out and sick. 
 Vulg."/ao-ui et oegrotavi. Dan. 2:1 
 )''^y nn^lria in:*iJn and his sleep 
 went from him ; (T'bs^ for T^^:^^..) 
 Theod. iytvsTO an avtov, Vulg. 
 
 fugit ab illo. 
 
 ri^Sl f. in the Kethib of Job 6 : 2. 30: 
 13. i. q. Keri in^il sufferings ca- 
 lamity. 
 
 *^'^n Chaldaic form for r|'>i* how ? 1 
 Chr. 13: 12. Dan. 10: 17." (In Chald. 
 more frequent.) 
 
 pS'^il m.plur. d'^-r-? once ni (Hos. 8: 
 "14.) dec. II. b. ' 
 
 1. a great or tnagnificent build' 
 ing, a palace. Prov. 30: 28. Is. 39:7. 
 Dan. 1:4. 
 
 2. a temple ; generally nitr; V5''^l 
 2 K. 24: 13. 2 Chr. 3 : 17. Also ap- 
 plied, before the building of the 
 temple, to the tabernacle of the 
 congregation, 1 Sam. 1:9. 3: 3. 
 
 3. in a more restricted sense, 
 the sanctuary, part of the temple, in 
 opposition to the holy of holies, 
 ('n^n'7.)lK. 6:5, 17. 7:50. 
 
 hy^T}^ m. Chald. idem. Dan.4:26. [29.] 
 
 Pip'^n m. prob. the morning star, and 
 so 'ntl'ij "ja may be regarded as an 
 epithet. Is. 14:12. Sept. io)Gq)6gog. 
 Vulg. Lucifer. Root bbtl to shine. 
 For the form, comp. i'D'^'n. But 
 Gesenius in his Isaiali, (Leips,, 
 1820.) makes it a verb in the im- 
 perative mode from i^bj to lament. 
 
 ^5Vn Prov. 31 : 27 Keth. i. q. the 
 
 Keri n^-'bil. The form is that of 
 
 a verbal from the Hiph. 'i^b'^'n (Ex. 
 2:9.) ' " 
 
 Q*^*! i. q. JD^llTT and !rj72ll . 
 
 1. to make a great noise. Mic. 2:12 
 DlNia iTiStt'^Sin they shall make a 
 
 T T T V : 
 
 great noise from the multitude of 
 men. 
 
 2.to rage4o be disquieted or uneasy. 
 Ps. 55: 3 n^S'^tlN / am disquieted. 
 Others make it the Hiphil of Din, 
 but it has not the transitive signifi- 
 cation. 
 
 ]^*^5l a proper name, (perhaps i, q- 
 172^7112 in Chald. and Syr. true, faith- 
 
 /')" ' 
 
 1. a Levitical chorister in the 
 time of David. 1 Chr. 6 : 18. [33.] 
 15: 17. 
 
 2. an Ezrahite, 1 Chr. 2: 6. cel- 
 ebrated for his wisdom, 1 K. 5 : 1 1. 
 [4: 31.] and called the author of Ps. 
 Lxxxviii. See ^JTiTN. 
 
 "J^n m. a measure fortiquids, con- 
 taining 12 logs (d*>a'ib,) or accord- 
 ing to Josephus (A. .1. iii. 9.) 2 
 Xoccg of the Athenians. Num. 15: 4 
 ff. 28: 5, 7, 14. Ezek. 4:11. Sept. 
 iiv, 11/, vv, 
 
 "HDJl i. q. Arab. ^*^i^ to be astonished, 
 
 motionless, obstupere. Hence in 
 Hiph. to amaze, stun, stupefacere, 
 obtundere. Job 19 : 3 "^^ Jl^srjn ye 
 amaze me, i.e. ye strike me dumb. 
 (^13!nn prob. for i^''5Jin; comp. 
 Jer. 9 : 2.) Sept. inlHela&f fiou 
 Vulg. opprimentes me. (The signifi- 
 cation to be hard, insensible, which 
 Schultens gives to the Arabic root, 
 is not sufficiently confirmed.) 
 
 JT^Sil f. verbal from Hiph. of ^52, 
 (comp. tlbs^Ji and see Gr. 129.IV.) 
 dec. X. respect, regard. Hence Is.3:9 
 t3lrt^?.D rinSJl their respect to per- 
 sons, i. e. their partiality or cor- 
 ruption in judgment. Vulg. agnitio 
 vultus ipsorum. 
 
 btl Deut.32:6,(according to the MSS. 
 of the Nehardensians which write 
 separately J^ilrj^ bJl,) an adverb of 
 interrogation, anF num? (Arab. 
 
1b^ 
 
 172 
 
 ^y^-) The verb )^m is then con- 
 strued with an accus. r 
 N vH to remove^put at a distance^m Kal 
 not used. Found only in Niph.part. 
 fem. inNbililn the far removed, used ! 
 collectively, Mic. 4: 7. (In Syriac 
 we find the kindred form '^1'\^'7\ , 
 
 >jJL ^Gl elongavit^ rejecit^ removit. 
 It can also be regarded as a deoom. 
 from the following noun. 
 
 ^^/n(a segolate form like n^^, y^.i^,) 
 subst. remoteness^ distance^ but found 
 only with He parag. tlNbn (Milel, 
 but without Metheg,) as an ad v. to a i- 
 distance^ farther^ beyond^ onward ; 
 (1.) spoken of space, Gen. 19: 9 
 tlNb^T"U3ri approach farther this way, 
 1 Sam. io : 3 tlJ^brr] D"^72 from 
 thence andfarther.20\22 JliJ^JlT "^72:2 
 from thee and 6e2/oMd,i.e.be3'ondthee. 
 verse 37. Num.32: 19.^ ni^'^H^. 
 beyond^ Am. 5: 27 ptJ??^^ tlfiji^^. 
 beyond Z)ama5CM5.(2.)spoken of time, 
 1 Sam. 18:9 iii^Viil ^nrtr^ di""^^ 
 from that day and forward. Lev. 22 : 
 26. (In Syr. ^cn, ^oi^, from a 
 
 verb W^ idem ; construed with ^1:d 
 beyond. In Chald. JilrMb, ^'^li^ and 
 
 d'^^/lTn plur. masc. a joyful feast., 
 jejffiua/, (at the gathering in of the 
 frnits of the year.) Judg. 9:27. Lev. 
 19:24. 
 
 Di^n see spn. 
 
 TTH com. gen. this. Used as a masc. 
 Judg. 6: 20. Zech. 2: 8. Dan. 8: 16. 
 as a fem. 2 K. 4 : 25. The more 
 complete form is 
 
 HT^ln m. this. Gen. 24: 65. 37: 19. It 
 
 '.' T ~ ^^ 
 
 corresponds to the Arab. ;^Jv.3t^ 
 
 which, however, in that dialect 
 is a relative. See the article -Tx 
 no. 6. 
 
 "^^ r.n a- ^i^yi ^^^h once Ezek. 36 : 
 
 35, but prob. fem. being construed 
 with Vli<. 
 
 p'Pil m. verbal from "^birj, dec.L Job 
 29: 6 "'5''b.5^ tmj steps, poetically for 
 my feet, 
 
 "j^Ptj f. verbal from ^fbln, dec. X. 
 found only in the plural. 
 
 1. zvays, goings. Nah. 2: 6. Espe- 
 cially mays or goings of God, Ps,68: 
 25. Hab. 3 : 6. Figuratively Prov. 
 31: 27 rrrr^a nilD'^bn the ways of her 
 house, i. e. how things go in her 
 house. 
 
 2. companies of travellers, cara' 
 
 xjfms. JobG: 19. Parall. n*ii<. 
 
 y 
 
 pTl, fut. ^b.:. , Iflli, (from ^^; ,) but 
 poetically 'T^b'Tll, imper. ^b, infin.ab- 
 sol. ^ibJl, infin.const. nD.b., with suff. 
 "^O^b, part. ^'^'H, (see Gr. 125. 2.) 
 1. to go, in whatever manner, 
 applied to things both animate and 
 inanimate ; e.g. to the ark floating. 
 Gen. 7:18. to a boundary extending 
 itself, Josh.l6:8.to a report circulat- 
 ing, 2Chr. 26:8. 2Sam.l5:20 "^rNJ 
 
 ^!bn ''r^l-^\p^{ bi? ^brr I go whith- 
 er I am going, i. e. whither my lot 
 leads me ; comp. 1 Sam. 23 : 13. 
 The place whither is most frequent- 
 ly preceded by b or bN, but some- 
 times stands in the aeciis. e.g. Judg. 
 19: 18. 2Chr.9 : 21 nir>'::n n-f'3i< 
 'ii"'"ij'^n the ships went io Tarshish. 
 The most remarkable construc- 
 tions of this word are the follow- 
 ing, (1.) with an accusative, /"o o^o 
 through^ place. Deut. 1 : 19 ^^IrST 
 ns^y^tl-bs ni< then we went through 
 the whole wilderness. 2: 7. Job 29:3. 
 (2.) with 3, Io go with any thing. 
 Ex. 10:9. Hence to bring or^carry, 
 Hos. 5 : 6. (Comp. 2 no. 2.) (3.) 
 with d5> or nN (ni,) to be conver- 
 sant with, to associate with. Job 34: 
 8. Prov.l3:20. Comp.Job,31:5.(4.) 
 with "'"n.tlij, io go after, to follow. 
 Gen. 24: *5, 8. 37 : 17. *-in5< ^bn 
 D^brz, D"'tibNi. to go after God, Baa- 
 lim. i,e.io serve or be devoted to 
 
ivn 
 
 173 
 
 l^n 
 
 them, Deut. 4:3. 1 K.14:8. Jer.2:8. 
 Also to pursue^ persecute^ Jer. 48: 
 2 nnn ^!:n ^"^'iri.tj the sword shall 
 pursue thee. (5.) with a pleonastic 
 dative, -ib ^Vn, like the French 5'en 
 aller ; ilal. andarsene, to be gone. 
 Cant. 4:6 "^b ^jb.J^, / will go^or get me. 
 Especially in ihe imper. '^h, "Tb. go, 
 or get thee, Gen. 12: 1. 22: ^. 
 
 2. to walk., figuratively for to live^ 
 (comp. ^1^3. no. 2.) Ps. 15 : 2 ^"rn 
 tD''72n walking uprightly. 1: 1. Con- 
 strued more rarely with an ac- 
 cus. (like ^-\T r;'-j-T,) Is. 33 : 15 
 nip"!^ *]bri walking in righteous- 
 ness. Wic. 2 : I i 'ipuil n^"^ ^bri 
 walking in wind and falsehood. Prov. 
 6: 12 Jhd nn"2JJPj; ^H?l walking in 
 perverseness oj 'mouth. 
 
 3. to depart, to die. Gen. 15:2. Ps. 
 39: 14. 
 
 4. to pass away., to perish. Ps. 78: 
 39 'jfhri ni*^ a breath zvhich passes 
 away". Jo"b 19 : 10. 14:20. (Arab. 
 i^XA idem.) 
 
 5. to run.flow., spoken of water. Is. 
 8: 8. It is common with the He- 
 brews to say, the hills run down with 
 milk^ water., for milk or water runs 
 downthe hillsy^oel 4:18.[3:18.|So al- 
 so Ezek. 7: 17. 21 : 12 D";3'l2-b3, 
 D'^73 lrj2Dbr|, Vulg. omnia genua Jiu- 
 entaquis., (a low representation of 
 strong fear.) Comp. the Latin 
 phrase, auro plurima Jluxit, Virg. 
 Georg. II. 166. 
 
 6. to go on, continue, last. The 
 Hebrews express the continuation 
 or continued increase of an action, 
 by means of this verb in various 
 constructions; (1.) with the pleon- 
 astic infin. ^ibn, and a participle or 
 adjective of the action continued or 
 continually increasing. Gen. 26: 13 
 b'l^l ^b?^ 'i'^.Zl ^"^ ^^ waxed greater 
 and greater. Judg.4:24 ^ra 1]] ^^.^11 
 rT'i^jP*] ^btl bJ^.^t)*; and the hand of 
 the children of Israel prevailed more 
 and more. 1 Sam. 14:19. 2 Sam. 5 : 
 10. 18:25. (2.) instead of the first 
 ^blTT we sometimes find a finite 
 verb of the continued action. Gen. 8: 
 
 and the waters ran off continually 
 from the surface of the earth. 12:9* 
 comp. Gen. 8 : 5. (3.) with the 
 participle ^bri, and a participle 
 or adjective of the continu- 
 ed action. 1 Sam. 17: 41 ^';.*} 
 13-^ pi ^bJl "nUJbsn and the Philis- 
 tine drew nearer and nearer. Also 
 the finite verb being omitted, iSam. 
 2: 26 aiDT bii") ']b.in bi?.^:^<p ^?i!l'? 
 and the child ISamuel waxed greater 
 and better. 2 Sam. 3:1. Est. 9: 
 4. Jon. 1:11. Prov. 4:18. 2 Chr. 
 17: 12. Comp. in French la maladie 
 va toujours en augmentant et en empi- 
 rant, the disease constantly increased 
 and waxed worse. 
 
 Niph. ^jbtip pas?, of Hiph. of 
 course i.q. Kal, to pass away, disap- 
 pear. Ff^.lOd: ^3. 
 
 Pi. ^^Sl 1. i.q. Kal, to go, walk, 
 onlv poetically, (except 1 K.21:27.) 
 Job 24: 10. 30: 28. Ps. 38: 7. (In 
 Chald. and Syr. this conjugation 
 is commonly used instead of Kal.) 
 
 2. perhaps grassari (an intensi- 
 tive from gradior,) hence ^bSl^ a 
 highwayman, robber,grassator, Prov. 
 6: 1 1 .(Paralh^i^^ U;\N. )Others:a 5<roi- 
 ler, vagabond. Comp.Hithpa. no. 3. 
 
 Hiph. '^'b.i^ ( from ^b;! ,) also 
 ^'b'^n Ex.2': 9, and part. D^Dbna 
 Zech. 3: 7, (from ^"bjn,) the latter 
 with Chaldaic inflection. 
 
 1. to make or cause to go, to 
 lead. Deut. 8: 2. 2 K. 24: 15. Is.42: 
 16. Zech. 3:7. 2 Sam. 13: 13 
 ^ns^n-nN ^^bi^i tlSN whither 
 shall I go with my shame ? Also to 
 bear or carry things, Zech. 5 : 10. 
 Ecc. 10:20. 
 
 2. causat. of Kal no. 4. to cause to 
 perish, to destroy. Ps. 125: 5. 
 
 3. causat. of Kal no. 5. to cause to 
 flow. Ezek. 32: 14. Also to cause to 
 
 runoff, Ex. 14:21. 
 
 Hithpa. ^btinii 1. as in Kal, but 
 implying a dative of personal ad- 
 vantage, for one'^s self, (see Gr. 
 80. 3.f ) Hence to walk, Ps. 35: 14'. 
 Ezek.28:14. to walk abroad, Ex.21: 
 19. to take a walk, Gen. 3: 8. 2 Sam. 
 1 1: 2. <o march up and down,io\i 1:7. 
 
bhr^ 
 
 T74 
 
 b'pn 
 
 Zech. 1:10, 11. 6: 7. Construed 
 (like Kal) with an accus. Job 22: 
 
 ^^ "l^^^l 2^^^ ^^^1 he walks up- 
 on the arch of heaven.' 
 
 2. figuratively, like Kal no. 2. to 
 live. Dins, t)mz ^'^rtnr: to walk 
 or live in truths innocence^ Ps. 26: 3. 
 101:2. Prov. 20: 7. 23: 31. ^^ti 
 ^jiJT^ 'DDb to walk before God^ i. cT 
 to live in a manner well-pleasing 
 to him, Gen, 17: 1. 24:40. 48: 15. 
 also construed with dN, 5: 22, 24. 
 6: 9. 
 
 '' 3. Part. 1]\tjr\J2 Prov. 24: 34. a 
 robber or vagrant; comp. Pi. no. 2. 
 
 Deriv. out of course ^'>bJ^ , 
 
 "^^n Chald. Pa. to go, walk. 4 : 26. 
 [29.] 
 
 Aph. idem. Part. I^^^^^J walk- 
 ing, Dan. 3: 25. 4: 34. [37. j 
 
 ^7 i^ m. verbal from *j^rr, dec. VI. 
 
 1. cowrie, journeys hence i. q. 
 ^V.i7. 'IJ''iJ^ fl^ traveller, stranger. 2 
 Sam. 12 : 4. (Comp. Gr. 161. 
 note.) 
 
 2. a stream. 1 Sam. 14:26 tJn'^ "^V.l?. 
 a stream of honey, 
 
 Tpy] m. Chald. tall. Ezra 4: 13,20. 
 
 7: 24. 
 
 P>^| 1. fo shine, give light, i.q. Arab. 
 
 J^. Job 29: 3 '\^z iVj-;:^ u'Aen if 
 shines, {namely,) his light. (Ia^, is 
 an infin. of the form ^p, or 'rri, ^*:: , 
 with a pleonastic pronoun, as in 
 Ezek. 10: 3. Job 33 : 20.) Comp. 
 Hiph. 
 
 2. to shine, to glider, Comp. Pi. 
 
 3. to be haughty, arrogant. Ps.73: 
 5. Part. D"'!:b')'n the arrogant, con- 
 nected with the idea of wicked- 
 ness, Ps.5:6. 73:3. 75: 5. Hence 
 
 4. to be mad, foolish. (In the 
 idiom of the Hebrews, a wicked or 
 irreligious man is called a fool, and 
 a good man is termed zidse ; comp. 
 V13.) See Poel. 
 
 Pi. V?^ to make to shine, to give 
 lustre ; hence to praise, commend^ 
 
 celebrate. (In Syr. and Arab, idem.) 
 
 Gen 12: 15 nb>^E-h^. nn ^bbn^T 
 and they commended her to Pharaoh. 
 Prov. 27: 2. 28: 4. Most frequently, 
 to praise (God,) construed with an 
 accus. as n'^""!)bb5l j)raise Jehovah. 
 
 T : r * 
 
 Ps. 116:19. 146:1. in later Hebrew 
 with >, 1 Chr. 16: 36. 25: 3. 2 Chr. 
 20: 21". 30: 21. Ezra 3: 11. with 2 , 
 Ps. 44: 9. Intrans. to glory, boast, 
 Ps.56:5 !:V.rrJl D^lnpi^S / will glory 
 in God. Comp. 10: 3. 
 
 Pu. y^lTT to be praised or celebrat- 
 ed, Ezek. 26 : 17. Part. b'^^J^ wor- 
 thy of praise, spoken of God, Ps. 
 48: 2. 96: 4. 145: 3. Ps. 78 : 63 
 ^y^J^T\ N5 rnib^nni, according to 
 the present punctuation, and their 
 maidens art not praised, namely, in 
 nuptial songs ; comp. Chald. i<b^V?l 
 a nuptial song. But this rendering 
 does not suit the parallel clause in 
 verse 64, which seems to require 
 that ibbin should be pointed 
 ^bbiri =~- ^bi^'^Sl they lamented. 
 
 Hithpa. 1. to be praised, to de- 
 serve praise. Prov. 31:30. 
 
 2. to glory, boast. 1 K. 20 : 11. 
 Prov 20: 14 bVlrrn'; tn ib ptn going 
 his way, then he boasteth, namely of 
 his bargain. Construed with 2,Prov. 
 25: 14. 27: 1. especially io^ibri/ (in 
 God,) Ps. 34:3. 64:11. 105:3. Once 
 with dy, Ps. 106: 5. 
 
 Po. b'V.irr, fut. bbiJi^, causat. of 
 Kal no.4. to make foolish, to deprive 
 of reason. Ecc. 7: 7. Hence to show 
 to be foolish, to shome^ disgrace. Job 
 12: 17. Is. 44:25 bblJl^ T^^'^^.^p he 
 shows the diviners to be fools. Poal 
 part. bbiln^J made foolish, mad, rav- 
 ing. Ps. 102: 9 "^b^in^J those who 
 rave against me ; (hke ""lOp.) Ecc. 
 2: 2. 
 
 Hithpo. 1. to be or become mad, 
 foolish. Jer. 25: 16. 51:7. Nah. 2: 
 5 iS^t^ ^bbiSin"^ the chariots are 
 tumultuous. Jer. 50 : 38 S'^a'^Jja 
 ^bb'^nJn'^ they madly trust in idols, 
 (constructio pra^gnans.) 
 
an 
 
 175 
 
 n^n 
 
 2. to feign ontU self mad. 1 Sam. ^^ ^^^ j^^y^ j p^^jn^ of tl^e third 
 
 21: 13. 
 
 Hiph. causat. of Kal no. 1. to 
 cause to shine. Job 41; 10. [18.] Is. 
 13: 10. also i.q. Kal, to shin e^ Job 
 31:26. On Job 25: 5, see ^riwN 
 
 Deriv. i::i>il, 1:^^72, !n\??in ; 
 
 D^n 1. to strike^ smite. Judg. 5: 26 
 n*lD"^0 Jl^bn she smote Sisera. Is.41: 
 7/F3.I41V5". 
 
 2. io 6ea^ dotwn, to break in pieces, 
 Ps. 74:6. Is. 16:8. 
 
 3. to be Scattered, dispersed^ spok- 
 
 pers. plur.' masc. they. Sometimes, 
 (probably an incorrectness drawn 
 from the language of common life,) 
 used in reference to women, Zech. 
 5:10. Cant. 6: 8. Ruth 1:22. 
 
 2. rt72tlln, Dinln these^ the same. 
 
 3. It IS used for the subst. verb 
 in the third pers. plur. 1 K.8: 40. 
 9:20. Gen. 25: 16. Also for the 
 sabst. verb in the second person, 
 Zeph. 2: 12 also ye Cushites ''^b^ 
 ?173rt ''a^n shall be slain by my 
 sword. 
 
 en of an army. 1 Sam. 14: 16 ^!:^.T ^^^ f^^ ^^^,^ 1^ ^^ ^^^, ^ ^. 
 
 ._> 1 1,1 -1 T nr' ' ..* 
 
 Db!lT and they were more and more 
 dispersed. 
 
 4. to stamp or strike the ground; 
 spoken of the hoofs of horses. Judg. 
 6: 22. ' 
 
 5. -J^^ "'^.^blTf Is. 28: 1. smitten by 
 wine, drunken, Greek olvonXt]!^, 
 Lat. vino saucius. Comp. vbz in 
 Niph. 
 
 Deriv. out of course rTizaJrn^. 
 
 GpH adv. of place. 1. here. Gen. 16: 
 13.* 
 
 2. hither. Ex. 3: 5. Judg. 18: 5. 
 1 Sam. 10: 22. Dptl "I? hither, 2 
 
 ^ di ^ 
 Sam. 7: 18. (In Arab. *Xib coine 
 
 hither, which is inflected like a verb 
 in the imper. mode; as fem. 
 
 D'^^G^Hf. verbal from fibil, Aamwer. 
 Judg. 5: 26. 
 
 an or an proper name of a place, 
 inhabited'by the Zuzims, otherwise 
 unknown. Gen. 14:5. 
 
 an or an prob. i.q. 'j"i73n7nwW<U(ie. 
 Plur. const. Ezek. 7 : 11 t]ri^.v7 
 prob. for dniXjriTa from their multi- 
 tude, or from their riches. It is here 
 connected, by way of paronomasia, 
 with ^TV/2, D372tn?3 ; which accounts 
 in some measure for the use of a 
 rare or obsolete form. 
 
 to bluster, to rage, to roar, to be in 
 commotion ; spoken particularly of 
 waves, Ps. 46: 4. Is. 51: 15. Jer. 5: 
 22. 31:35. 51:55. of a great mul- 
 titude of people, 1 K. 1:41. Ps. 46: 
 7 d^l'a ^JZ'rithe heathen raged. 69: 
 7. 83: 3. Is. 17 : 12. Prov. 1:21 
 m^TalJl the noisy or bustling, poeti- 
 cally for the bustling streets or the 
 bustling crowds. Prov. 20:1 VjilTiy^ 
 "nri'v!) nan wine is a mocker, and 
 Strong drink is raging. Comp. Zech. 
 9:15. 
 
 2. applied figuratively to emo- 
 tions m the soul, such as anguish, 
 sorrow, compassion. Ps. 42: 6, 12 
 "c^ "^^Mn-in^ (O my soul,) why art 
 thou disquieted in me ? Jer. 4: 19 
 my heart is disquieted in me, i. e. I 
 have no rest through anguish. 31: 
 20 therefore are my bowels moved for 
 him (^Ephraim,) I zvill have compas' 
 sion on him, saith Jehovah ; comp. 
 Cant. 5:4. As n^n denotes the va- 
 
 T T 
 
 rious tones of musical instruments, 
 (comp. Is. 14: 11.) so this commo- 
 tion of the inward parts is some- 
 times compared to musical sounds. 
 (So Forster says of the savages, 
 that they call compassion, a bark- 
 ing of the bowels.) Is. 16: 11 "^^12^ 
 ^i-i;i 'nisSS SJ<i73b my bowels sound 
 forMoab, like, an harp. Jer. 48: 36 
 1^12^.. D"'b>n3 ^i^V2h *iab my heart 
 sounds for Moab, like pipes. 
 
^^n 
 
 176 
 
 3^n 
 
 3. to sigh^ mourn^ lament. Ps. 55: 
 18. 77:4. Also where this mourn- 
 ing is compared with the moaning of 
 doves, Ezek. 7:16. with the growling 
 of bears, Is. 59: 1 1 we growl (?^^^D) 
 all like bears^ and moan (JI^Jid) sore 
 like doves. Applied to the howling 
 of dogs, Ps. 59:7,15. 
 
 4. to be noisy., clamorous. Prov. 7: 
 1 1.9:13.. Comp. the sornewhat syn- 
 onymous n^n. 
 
 Deriv. '\lJ2rt, "^^srr. 
 1/2ri see 'i'l'Sn* 
 
 Jl^n masc. (fern, only Job 31 : 34.) 
 verbal from 'n72*n, dec. 111. a. 
 
 T T 
 
 1. sound., noise ; e.g. of rain, I K. 
 18:41. of music, Ezek. 26: 13. Am. 
 5: 23. especially the bustle or tumult 
 of a crowd of people, 1 Sam. 4: 14. 
 14: 19. Job 39:7. Hence 
 
 2. a multitude or crowd of people. 
 ji'^itt bip noise of a multitude^ Is. 1 3: 
 4. 33:3. Dan. 10: 6. D'^'i.n ]iM 
 multitude of nations^ Gen. 17:4, 5. 
 n,''73? p^rtiiem, Is. 17:12. p'Tarr 
 "S^"^':^! multitude of wives ^ 2 Chr. 11: 
 23. especially a warlike host or army^ 
 Tudg.4:7. Dan. 11:11, 12, 13. 
 
 3. a midtitude generally ; e.g. of 
 waters, JerlO: 13. 51: 15. and 
 without addition, multitude of pos' 
 sessions., abundance., riches., Ps. 37: 
 16. Ecc.5:9. Is. 60: 5. 
 
 A. inward commotion. Is. 63:15 
 T^'^^12^ P^!!! ^^^e moving of thy bow- 
 els., i. e. thy compassion ; comp. 
 ^m no. 2. 
 
 "l^n and "jl^n Chald. pron. of the 
 third pers. plur. masc. i.q. Heb. dn 
 they. Dan. 2: 34. -Ezra 4: 10, 23. 
 
 ri*^^?! f. verbal from nn, dec. X. 
 5own/,nowe,(of musical instruments.) 
 Is. 14: 11. See tim no. 2. 
 
 in v^M and n>1'J2Jj f. probably 
 noise,bustle^ tumidi., i.q. plQil. Ezek. 
 
 1: 24 M:n?5 Hp^ n':?X2n bip dnr^bz 
 when they went, there was a noise, as 
 the noise of a camp. (Comp. ):'^,p 
 
 p'^ln Is. 13: 4. 33: 3. 1 K. 20: 13, 
 28. especially Dan. 10: 6.) Jer. 11: 
 16. The root b^n, which in Ara- 
 bic signifies tojiow, to rain., in He- 
 brew was probably synonymous 
 with niQtl. 
 
 T T 
 
 Dun, fut. Dn^ , i.q. the less frequent 
 
 1. to terrify., confound., discomfit. 
 Spoken especially ofGod,Ex.I4:24. 
 23: 27. Josh 10: I'o. Ps. 144 : 6 nr^J 
 fc72lrTni '!|'^2n send forth thine ar- 
 rows and confound them (^the enemy.") 
 Ps. 18:15. 2 Chr. 1 5:6 r^121^T}_ D"'rJb^^ 
 t-{n]i""!:DS God terrified them with 
 every distress. Hence 
 
 2. to consume entirely., to destroy. 
 Deut. 2: 15. Est. 9:24 (synon. 'iz>\.) 
 Jer. 51:34 (synon. blDwX) 
 
 3. to drive 07i. Is. 28:27 b5>i\ D^t^ 
 irb^? he drives on thewheel of his cart. 
 
 "Jtin. To this root is usually assigned 
 Ezek. 5: 7 D'linn rn C5:^ii yj^ ; as 
 if d^jiian were an infin. with suff. 
 But the explanation of R. Mena- 
 hem, (in Rashi,) is comparatively 
 the easiest; because ye rage., i.e. rebel 
 asfainst God, more than the heathen, 
 DDjTsn is then i. q. iDD:7:rT (from 
 jiTsn,) a verbal noun construed us 
 an intinitive. Compare S1551 Ps. 2: 
 1. {17351 Ps. 46 : 7. and other pas- 
 sages in which noise and blustering 
 occur as an expression of arroi!;ance. 
 The form Dp.:73ti is like lij^ip Ex. 
 21: 11. -^ild for inp, etc. 
 
 'j'Qn propername of a Persian noble- 
 man, famous as a persecutor of the 
 Jews. Est. 3:1 ff. (In Persian "ji^^n 
 signifies only, solely.) 
 
 :|^j^n , or according to the Kethib, 
 ^i:arT, Chald. Dan. 5: 7, 16,29. a 
 chain for the neck or arm. (In Syr. 
 (.riAjLiDai, (.ni-j-bDJi. It is the 
 Greek fxaptc(y.i]g, otherwise fioti/og , 
 f^avvog ; comp. Polyb. ii. 31. The 
 51 is prosthetic, hence we also find 
 Nr)"'273.) 
 
nDH 
 
 177 
 
 ^sn 
 
 a'^D^an masc. plur. found only Ts.64: ^''''' ^^"' ^^'- ^^' ^i^--^^!^. ^''' 
 1.' 'According to several Jewish ""^^'''^ Dan. 12: 5. tlltl.; n^n Aere 
 commentators, brushwood, small and there^ 1 K. 20: 40. 
 sticks. Comp. Arab. **^i>A (with J^pn, rarely n^n (Gen 19: 2.) interj. 
 letters transposed) io 6reafc (some- see! behold! Very frequent. With 
 
 suff. (which here are nominatives,) 
 "asn behold me, or see, {here am) /, 
 more rarely "^iVn ; T^\1i ; isti ; ^5sll, 
 siSitl ; dS^n ; dsri. '-iri /terc am 
 /, is often used as the answer to a 
 call. 
 
 thing- dry ;) whence *.^mXA dry 
 
 hrush-jcood, chips for burning, stub- 
 ble. 
 
 I. "Jin pron. of the third pers. plur. 
 fem. they. Used incorrectly in ref- 
 erence to men, Ruth 1 : 13. Comp. mPIDl!. f. verbal from Hiph. of mz, 
 
 iisn. 
 
 a permission to rest^ rest. Esth. 2:18. 
 The Sept. and Chald. make it a re- 
 lease from tribute. Josephu,(J. A. 
 XI. 6.) a general festival throughout 
 the empire. 
 eat in the seventh year, ^-ii: ^{b -jn p^tj^ proper name of a city in Meso- 
 ifwe shall not sow. Jer. 3: 1. Job potamia. Is. 37: 13. 2 K. 18: 34. 
 40: 23. Especially 2Chr. 7: 13, ^1^ 
 where it is interchanged with d{<. * ^^^ *^ ^^^ "^ "^^^ 
 
 II' ]fl, with Makkeph "irt. 
 
 1. see ! behold! but more fre- 
 quently Tlil-i. 
 
 2. if. iTev. 25:20 what shall we 
 
 3. whether, num, in the indirect 
 inquiry ; or i. q. Lat. art ? in the 
 direct inquiry. Jer.2:10. (In Chald. 
 
 idem. The Arabians use lof see ! 
 behold ! in a similar manner ; and 
 the Syr. I oi behold! is often synony- 
 mous with dS< and with the interro- 
 gative Si ; as | oi ]j nonne ?) 
 
 iri Chald. 1. if Dan. 2 : 5,6. 3: 15, 
 18. 
 
 2. whether. Ezra 5: 17. 
 
 3. "Jlri ISi whether, ...or, sive.... 
 sive. Ezra 7: 26. 
 
 4. for iK'b'n, nonne? as a strong 
 affirmation. Dan. 3: 17. 
 
 T\yr\ 1. i. q. -jj-j pron. of the third 
 pers. plur. fem. they, eoe, and as a 
 neuter ea. Hence 
 
 2. as an adv. of place, (1.) hither, 
 inhoec scil. loca. Gen. 45: 8. Josh. 
 3:9. Also of time, Gen. 15: 16.. 
 ~i\[] J^Jln f^ifher and thither, Josh, 
 8: 20. 'l Sam. 20 : 21 tiSJlT T^^^J2 
 from, thee and hither, i. e. on this 
 side of thee. (2.) here, in his scil. 
 
 Pi. to be silent. Found only in 
 the imper. Din be silent, be still, Hab. 
 2:20. Zepb.'l:7. Zech.2: 17. [13.] 
 and as an exclamation, hiish ! be still! 
 Judg. 3: 19. Am. 6:10. As an adv. 
 silently, Am. 8: 3. Sept. aicontjv. 
 Plur. tjDtl , Neh. 8: 11. 
 
 Hiph. to m,ake silent, to quiet, still. 
 Num. 13:30. 
 
 TOlDn f. verbal from Hiph. of a^B, 
 dec. X. intermission, cessation. Lam. 
 3:49. 
 
 *!]D1, fut. ^blrf\ 1. trans, to (urn, to 
 turn about. 2K. 21: 13. Hos. 7:8. 
 ^^^ ^sn turn thy hand, i. e. turn 
 about, i'K. 22 : 34. 2Chr. 18: 33. 
 comp. 2 K. 9: 23. Q-'^n^ rjDrr to 
 pervert words, Jer. 23 : 36. *]Brj 
 ^:B^ ?]1.i'io J^y before any one, ter- 
 ga vertere. Josh. 7: 8. 
 
 2. intrans. to turn one^s self, to 
 turn. 2 K. 5: 26. 2 Chr. 9:12 r|brtn3 
 ^IrnT she turned herself and went. 
 Hence to turn about, to flee (in bat- 
 tle,) <o rc/reaf. Judg. 20:39,41. Ps. 
 78:9. 
 
 3. to overturn, or destroy (a city,) 
 
b^t-i 
 
 lis 
 
 fi<nn 
 
 evertere. Gen. 19:21,25. Deut.29: 
 22. Construed with 2, Am. 4: 11. 
 
 4. to change. Ps. 105: 25. Lev. 
 13: 55. Construed with i:, to change 
 into any thing, Ps. 66 : 6. 105: 29. 
 114: 8.' Jer. 31 : 13. also with an 
 accus. Lev. 13: 3 ^cn :f^lz "^Vt) 
 
 J - T - V - T 
 
 l^r the hair in the plague has become 
 wliite. verses 4, 10, 13,20. 
 
 Niph. '72712 I. to turn one'' s self ^ 
 to turn about. Josh. 8: 20 (spoken of 
 an array.) Job 19 : 19 "i ^^Sil?. 
 they have turned themselves against 
 me. I Sam.4:19 n-^^ ""c.^ ^^SJlD 
 her pains came upon her; comp. Dan. 
 10:16. Prov. 17:20 i:ii:!:3 ^s^: 
 he is perverse with his tongue. 'Ih be 
 turned to, construed with b, Lam. 5: 
 2. witli by. Is. 60: 5. 
 
 2. to be destroyed. Jon. 3: 4. 
 
 3. to be changed. Ex. 7: 15. Lev. 
 13: 16, 17. 1 Sam. 10: 6 (wither.) 
 Construed with an accus. Lev. 13: 
 25. Especially to be changed for the 
 worse.^ to degenerate^ in pejus mutari^ 
 Jer. 2: 21 ; comp. Ps. 32 : 4. Dan. 
 10: 8. 
 
 Hoph. to be rolled. Job 30: 15. 
 
 Hithpa. 1. to turn one'^s self to 
 turn. Gen. 3 : 24 npS^n^ n^P. a 
 sword constantly turning itself, i. e. 
 a glittering brandished sword. Job 
 37:12. 
 
 2. to change itself. Job 38: 14. 
 
 3. to roll down. Judg. 7: 13. 
 comp. Hoph. 
 
 Deriv. out of course inlDSn^, 
 
 *^Sn and ^^\[ m. verbal from ^Cil, 
 the contrary^ the opposite. Ezek. 16: 
 34. 
 
 t J j>l f, verbal from ^Stl, destruc- 
 
 tion^ overthrow. Gen. 19:29. See 
 ^57! no. 3. 
 
 ^iiy^n m. verbal from ^Sln crooked, 
 
 perverse. Prov. 21:8. 
 n^2Sri f. verbal from Hiph. of p^3. 
 
 deliverance. Est. 4: 14. 
 
 yiT\ found only Ezek. 23: 24, (many 
 MSS.read]:in,)accordingtotheTarg. 
 and Kimchi,i4>ea/7os ; comp. Arab. 
 
 (j.Aca.3. to be firm, fortified; S^AAO^ 
 weapon.^ dart; Ethiop. y^Ltl iron^ 
 iron work. Perhaps also 1. q. "jO.h 
 strength, force ; here a xvarlike 
 force, army ; (ii bemg often inter- 
 changed with ti, see under the let- 
 ter n.) 
 ")tl m- with the article 'irrrr, with 
 In local, once iinn (Gen 14:10.) in 
 other places niiiri ; Plur. D'^'nn, 
 with the article D^^inrt; prim. dec. 
 Vlll.k. a mountain, often a chain of 
 mountains, mountainous country. Gen. 
 14: 10. ni^M*^ 'nln tfie mountain 
 of Judah.) A chain of mountains, in 
 the south of Palestine, in the tribes 
 ofJudah and Simeon, Josh 21: 11. 
 also called by way of eminence 
 -inn, Josh. iO:40. 11 : 16.~'irn 
 S^.l^i^. the mountain of Ephraim, ia 
 the tribes of Ephraim and Benja- 
 min, Josh 17 : 15,16,18. ^rt 
 D'^lnb^Nn the mount of God, i. e. Si- 
 nai, (comp. Olympus in the mythol- 
 ogy of the Greeks,) Ex. 3:1. 4: 27. 
 18:5. ^ijvil ^51 the holy mount, 
 namely, that on which the temple 
 was built, Ps. 2:6. 43:3. Comp. 
 ^nn and 'nin 
 
 T T 
 
 in see IT*!' 
 
 0*in in {mount of the sun) a city io 
 the tribe of Dan. Judg. 1: 35. 
 
 t^yj) in seel?!. 
 
 l^in 1 Chr. 5: 26. proper name of a 
 country to which the Israelites 
 were carried away by the Assyri- 
 ans. Bochart (Phaleg, Lib. Hi. p. 
 225 ff.) compares it with Aria, the 
 northern part of Media. 
 
 ^i^in [mount of God) name of the 
 
 altar of burnt-offerings. Ezek. 43 ; 
 15. instead of which bN'^'^.N occurs 
 in the context. See b^'^^N- 
 
nn 
 
 179 
 
 -iin 
 
 ^"in, fut.:^h!rf^ to kill^slay; construed 
 with an acciis. of the person^ rarely 
 wiih ^, 2 Sam.3:30. Job 5:2. with 2, 
 2Chr.28:9 ye have slain them. Ps.78: 
 31. Figuratively Ps. 78 : 47 :jnri;] 
 
 with hail. Corap. interjice messes^ 
 Virg. Georg. iv. 330. 
 
 Niph. pass. Ezek. 26: 6, 15. 
 
 Hoph.^'^riidem, Is. 27: 7. 
 
 5'nn m. verbal from S'nin , slaughter. 
 
 Est. 9:5. Provr. 24: 11." 
 n^^nn f. verbal from 5*^!^, slaughter, 
 
 """J^^Tin.^l l"^^ sheep for slaughter. 
 
 Zech.l i: 4, 7. mnnn ^<^|l. rA uaZ/e?/ 
 
 of slaughter^ Jer.Y! 32. J 9: 6. 
 
 n^lil 1. to conceive^ to he or become 
 pregnant. Geu. 4: 1, 17. 16:4. 21:2. 
 25:21. 29:32. Construed with !:, 
 to become pregnant by any one, Gen. 
 38: 18. Part, nni'n one that bears., a 
 mother, Cant. 3:^4. Ho3. 2: 7. [5.] 
 
 2. figuratively Ps. 7 : 15 nyi 
 ^^P'^i) li'p^l ^^5> he hath conceived 
 
 Iv IT -T : "^ XT 
 
 mischief, and brought forth falsehood. 
 Job 15:35. Is. 53:11. 59:4. 
 
 Pu. pass. Job 3: 3. 
 
 Po. rr'lM, infin. inn, i.q. Kal no. 
 2. Is. 59:^13. 
 
 Deriv. out of course 'ji'^ln , 
 
 iTin , fem. ln*in , verbal adj. from 
 ST^n, dec. X. pregnant. Gen. 16: 
 11. nbb il^ln pregnant to bring 
 forth, i. e. in the last stages of preg- 
 nancy, 1 Sam. 4 : 19. dbiy niri 
 eternally pregnant, Jer. 20 : 17. 
 Once in the plural Vnv'^n their 
 women with child, Hos.l4:l.[13:16.] 
 
 '^'^irL Chald. (from 'nil^ri to think,) 
 thoughts. Like the synonymous 
 ji-iy^ (Dan. 2: 29, 30. 4: 16. [19.J) 
 it is applied to thoughts in sleep, or 
 nocturnal spectres. Dan. 4: 2. [5.] 
 
 pnn m, (with Tseri impure) verbal 
 from ?lln, dec. i. pregnancy. Gen. 
 3: 16. 
 
 p'^lin m. verbal from innt^, concept 
 tion. Ruth 4: 13. Hos.9:^'l. 
 
 uD'^in f. verbal from 'o^r^ , dec. X. 
 something torn down.a ruin. Am. 9:1 1 . 
 
 nlD^'^in. f. verbal from D^rr, dec. I. 
 destruction. Is. 49: 19. 
 
 'j1'D"in m. found only Am. 4: 3. most 
 prdb. i. q. ]i?3^N no. 2. a seraglio, 
 harem. So Kimchi. Others make it 
 i. q. plC'in name of a mountain. 
 Others, the name of an (unknown) 
 distant place. 
 
 &"lt1, fut. ohn;; and Dhii:. 
 
 1. to tear down, to destroy (hous- 
 es, walls, cities,) Ezek. 16: 39. 26: 
 4, 12. Lam. 2: 2, 17. to beat in (the 
 teeth,) Ps. 58:7 f73''SUJ-D"jri Q'^rr^N; 
 iTS'^Dl O God, beat their teeth into 
 their mouth. Is. 22: \9 from thy sta- 
 tion he shall tear thee down. Comp. 
 irtrsno. 3. 
 
 2. intrans. to break through. Ex. 
 19:21 bij bwS ^D-nn^. "JS lest they 
 break through unto 'God. verse 24. 
 
 3. lolay''Wnvte' (a country,) Prov. 
 29: 4. to destroy (a people,) Ex. 
 15:7. 
 
 Niph. to be thrown down ; spok- 
 en also of mountains. Ezek. 38:20. 
 
 Pi. i.q. Kal no. 1. Ex: 23: 24. 
 
 Deriv. out of course JlD'^^^lrj , 
 
 O"!!! m. destruction, or what is pref- 
 erable, according to the Syriac us- 
 
 age (uiD^oi liberatio,) deliverance. 
 
 Is. 19:18 nnNb ^i2ii':, D-\.rirf ^^y> 
 
 one {of these cities) shall be called a 
 city of deliverance ; i.e. (in the style 
 of Isaiah,) it shall be a delivered 
 city. Comp. 47: 1,4, 5. 56:7. 60: 
 14. Others make it the proper 
 name of an Egyptian city. See 
 
 n^n found only with suff. ^'nlln Jer 
 17: 3. and "I'^H, with suff. ">'l'nrT 
 Ps. 30 : 8. Plur.* const, "^^."^n, with 
 suff. il^'^.^tl; i.q. nn mountain^hwi 
 only in poetry. 
 
180 
 
 "^ll?! 2 Sam. 23: 33. and "^"H*!?! 
 verse 11. a mountaineer of mouDt 
 Ephraim or Judah. 
 
 n*i;j?^pl f. verbal from Hiph. of 
 y^^ , a causing to hear, a making 
 knoxim, Ezek. 24: 26. 
 
 j^riJl m. verbal from Hiph. of ^n3 , 
 a melting. Ezek. 22: 22. 
 
 ^nn found only in Pi. bnrt (for bnrr, 
 thelong vowel making compensation 
 for the Dagesh omitted,)intin. i^nJl, ^ 
 fut. bn^T"; and bnjj^ * ' . 
 
 1. to mock, deride. 1 K. 18:27. 
 
 2. io deceive. Gen. 31: 7. Judg. 
 16: 10, 13, 16. Job 13: 9. Jer. 9: 4. 
 These two significations are also 
 united in (he Latin ludere^ and 
 Greek nm^eiv. For the form iVntin 
 Job 13: 9. comp. nVn"; for VrH"*. J>b 
 29: 21. (The Dagesh is euphonic.) 
 
 Pu. Vnin pass. Is. 44 : 20. 
 
 In Arab, compare (V^^ ^o de- 
 ceive^ (Jiand T\ being commuted.) 
 
 Deriv. &*':.rir-, ni^nn^. 
 "^^niTI masc. plur. verbal from bnn, 
 
 .": t' 
 
 mockings ; and as a concrete mock" 
 ers. Job 17: 2. 
 
 The name Fav it, (according to 
 others V],) signifies a nail, peg, 
 hook. Its form in the original al- 
 phabet must therefore have resem- 
 bled its present form. 
 
 As a consonant it answers to the 
 Latin r, or Germ, w ; perhaps m 
 the beginning of words to the Eng- 
 lish w in ware. As a vowel it was 
 pronounced like o or w, according 
 as it was written i or n. 
 
 As the first radical, it appears 
 very rarely in Hebrew, since in this 
 dialect all verbs TD exchange it for 
 % in all the forms which should 
 regularly begin with 1. Verbs 
 strictly ID stand, therefore, under 
 *; only a few derivatives occur 
 here. 
 
 1 a prefix, (before a simple Sheva or 
 * the letters i, 12, 5), written !i; be- 
 fore a composite Sheva with the 
 corresponding short vowel ; before 
 the tone-syllable 1;) conj. and; 
 (hence usually called Vav copulati- 
 vwa.) Used much more exten- 
 sively than the conjunction and in 
 English. It was a part of the sim- 
 plicity of ancient language to mark 
 merely the connexion of ideas, with- 
 
 out expressing those nice distinc- 
 tions of thought, which are desig- 
 nated by the use of causal, adver- 
 sative, disjunctive, and other con- 
 junctions. The prefix 1 retains 
 
 this variety of signification, though 
 other more definite conjunctions 
 are also in use. It may be observed 
 likewise, that plain men incline to 
 the use of some one particular con- 
 nective, and that there is nothing 
 in which those who are unaccustom- 
 ed to writing oftener fail,than in the 
 use of the conjunctions. The prin- 
 cipal uses of "I are, 
 
 1. as merely connective, and, al- 
 so ; freq. 
 
 2. as adversative, ^m^, 7jet. Gen. 
 17: 21 but with Isaac will I estah- 
 lish my covenant. 
 
 3. as illative, since, quandoqui- 
 dem. Gen. 26:27 wherefore have 
 ye come to me, "^nN DnN3^ OriNI 
 since ye hate me? 16: 2. Ruth 1: 21. 
 
 4. as causal, /or. Gen. 20 : 3 for 
 she is married. Is. 39: 1. 
 
 5. to express a result, conse- 
 quence, that, quod ; as T '^'Jl it kap- 
 pened that. Num. 23 :' 19 ' God is 
 not a man ^l'D'^\ that he should lie. 
 
1 
 
 181 
 
 ^^1 
 
 6. as final or perfective, that, 
 to theendthat^ut Judg.6:30. Ex. 8:8. 
 
 7. as concessive, though. Mal.2:14. 
 
 8. before the closing member of 
 a sentence, where in English no 
 particle is used, like the Germ. so. 
 Gen. 3 : 5. 44: 9. Frequently after 
 the nominative absolute, Ex. 12: 15 
 
 one who eateth leaven, that soul shall 
 be cut off. 1 Sam. 25: 27. Prov. 23: 
 24. Job 23:12. Obad. 8. Prov.24:27. 
 
 9. to express a comparison, so, 
 as. Job 5: 7. 12:11. 14:18,19. 
 Prov. 25:25. 1 Sam. 12: 15. 
 
 10. otherwise. Job 6: 14. Ps. 51: 
 18. 143:7. 
 
 11. as explanatory, namely, or 
 where apposition is employed in 
 other languages. 1 Sam. 28 : 3 
 1*-)''^^") !1^"13 in Ramah his city. 17: 
 40. Ps.68ri6.'Gen.30:32 to day I will 
 go through thy flocks, to separate all 
 the speckled and spotted small cattle, 
 namely, (li)a// the black among the 
 sheep,and all the speckled and spotted 
 among the ^oa/*.Num.34:6 dipb. tT^lT) 
 ^iaai bi^^n n^n and the great sea 
 shad be to you as a border. 2 Sam. 15: 
 34. Ps. 55 : 20. Job 4:6. Gen. 49:25 
 from the God of thy father '^'^p^l'] 
 he helped thee, and from the Almighty 
 ^D"51'*T he blessed thee. In this and 
 simi'iur connexions it may be trans- 
 lated who; though this word is 
 not to be regarded as the significa- 
 tion of '). The same is the case 
 with the 73 signitications, which 
 Noldius has enumerated under this 
 particle, all of which may be re- 
 ferred to the above and a iew kind- 
 red meanings. 
 
 12. 1 - ^ both.. .. and., et.^.et.'^wm. 
 9: 14, also whether.... or, sive....sive, 
 Ex.21: 16. Lev. 5:3. 
 
 13. Concerning Vav conversivum 
 pr(Eteriti, which throws the tone 
 forward on the last syllable, see 
 Gr. 94. 
 
 1 a prefix, as in bop^l he killed. Usu- 
 ally called Vav conversivum futuri. 
 It is most probably a contraction of 
 
 . the old form fiiJi or ^irt i. q. in'^n 
 
 it happened, which is placed before 
 
 the future, like the Arabic {^^ > 
 
 and VAESk., in order thereby to ex- 
 press the tense of narration. The 
 initial n, which in Syriac is often 
 dropped in pronunciation, falls away 
 entirely, (the Hebrews usually 
 omitting to write letters that are 
 not pronounced ;) and bbp") "") is 
 contracted into "bup^l. The only 
 objection to this comparison is, that 
 
 the Arabic (^V ^-- > and A*^ when 
 thus used are inflected, which 
 could not have been the case in 
 Hebrew. See. Gr. 93. 
 
 "I'll proper name of a place in Ara- 
 bia. Ezek.27:19. That the ) be- 
 longs to the word itself and is not a 
 prefix, has been rightly observed 
 by Michaelis(Spicileg. Geogr. Heb. 
 p. 274.) yet it is not necessary to 
 read 7m. 
 
 l^ni a doubtful reading, Num.21: 14. 
 it is generally regarded as the 
 proper name of an (unknown)place. 
 But Kinchi found some MSS. which 
 read Sninij in one word. It would 
 then be the Aram. Hithp. from 
 
 ^ ^ A 
 
 i;i">= v..^^JbA togixe; namely, Jeho- 
 vah dedit se in turbine. The pas- 
 sage, however, appears to be cor- 
 rupted. 
 
 1%plur. d""3i m. a nail, hook] found 
 only Ex. xxvi. xxvii. xxxvi. xxxviir. 
 where it is applied to the hooks on 
 which the curtains of the taberna- 
 cle were suspended. 
 
 ")T1 m. Prov. 21:8. guilty, laden with 
 Comp. the Arab. 
 
 transgression. 
 
 ^b 
 
 pj\^ to bear ; in the passive to be 
 laden with a crime. 
 
 T m. verbal from "ib^, (Arab. ^-^.) 
 son, child. Gen. 11: 30. 
 TP^ m. idem, 2 Sam. 6: 23. The Ke- 
 ri and the western MSS. read n>". 
 
The name "jn Zain probably y^^^ probably from cjof to injure. 
 
 signifies i. q. Syr. U..1 a weapon, I^JjJT m. prim. ( with Tseri impure) 
 
 sword. To this name the form of jje^. I. 
 
 the letter answers in all the more i, wolf. Gen. 49:27. Is. 11:6. 
 
 ancient alphabets. qk,. 25. Jer. 5 : 6. n-^5? ''iiNt wolves 
 
 In the Arabic alphabet wc find ^,^.^^ ^^^^^^ n^^Hab'.'l^S. Zeph. 
 
 two letters which correspond to o. 3 ^ * 
 
 the Hebrew Zain,namely O sound- 2! propername of a Midinnitish 
 
 ed like ds, and A sounded like z; prince. Judg. 7 : 25. 8:3. Ps. 83: 
 
 ^ y ^ 12. 
 
 e.g. niT Arab. ^^V"-^ to sacrifice \ ^^^S^ ,. - r ^ / \ 
 
 ' Q- I ^ ri*^' this., fem. of Jit (q.v.) 
 
 but SJ'iT Arab. CjjA seed. In the ID Wo present (with a gift.) Found 
 first case, it is changed in the Ara- only Gen. 30: 20. So Sept. Chald. 
 mean into ^i, in the latter it re- _. , _ , ,, . . //. .' 
 mains unchanged; thus Aram. Vulg. Saad. (In Arab. <A5^ ac- 
 
 '^ .* . cording to Geuhari, c?onum rfec^i^ fZe 
 
 tj^o^, tlln"} to sacrifice ; Aram. 5 o^ 
 
 VT^I, i^^t to sow. Comp. the letter ^. ^ ^Z'^^"' '"'"^ > ^^ ^''""''^' '"""^) 
 
 There are some roots, whose or- *?.!f. "^- verbal from 'iSt, gt/i;, present, 
 
 thography is the same in He- Gen 30: 20. From the same root 
 
 brew, but whose signification varies come many proper names^ as "nir , 
 
 according to the two Arabic roots ^^^it, n;int (Zsl^fdulog.) 
 
 with O and^, to which they corres- ^^^fm. prim^. dec. I. fly, gadfly. Is. 
 
 pond ; e.g. -^J to be despised, and ^.^^^ ^^^ j^,. , ^^^ .^^^^ .^^^_ 
 
 to snake: ^/'-^T fo soa;, and 5?TnT f/ie ^. ,* ^ " ;, , . 
 
 ann; q.v. "' ~ " ow^/tes. ni2t ^rys //y./^aa/, 1. e. 
 
 Sometimes,however, 6 and / are ^^^ ^^^ ^!;'; a^^^'** averruncus 
 
 X / ^ wiw^carwm, 2 K. 1: 2, 3, 16. an ora- 
 
 ^ur,.^;i. . b- Au ,v-o cular deity of the Ekronites, simi- 
 
 mterchangen ; e.g. ^-y Arab. r^C- . . .,'' > > , \ ^, ^ 
 
 ^ ' '^ -' Jw/ lar to the Ztvg anof^wiog of the 
 
 and Syr. ^r^ to help ; t^n a stock, Greeks, (Pausan.Eliac. c.l4.) or to 
 
 1 \'^ J ^ ^~' *h Deus Myiagros, (Solin. c. 1.) 
 
 Arab, gacs and g^=^. c^^p, j^^.t^er the epithets of Her. 
 
 Zain is commuted with y {is;) cules, ly^onzovog, KOQvonioiv, etc. It 
 
 e.g. pyt and p^-2 to cry ; T^^ and has been incorrectly regarded as a 
 
 y):^ to rejoice '; nilt s:old anYsni: "^ ^^ reproach ; see Carpzov 
 
 yellow like gold. " \ Apparat. Antiquit. Heb. p. 497. 
 
 Also with D, ir; ; e.g. -^;)t and 7^ and 7^ m. verbal from ^it, 
 
 *n^D fo 5-0 tacA; ; th% D'^^ to rejoice; dec I. dwelling, habitation, especi- 
 
HDT 
 
 183 
 
 nt 
 
 3 1 ^>?.| ^? ^X\ '^^ ^^ *^ "^ ^ST <o dts;6//, coAa6i^ Found only Gen. 
 
 moon stood stilt in their habita- ^q. ^q ^.v^t-^ he shall dwell with me. 
 
 tion^ i.e. in their place in the heav- ,. , y\''''\\- n 
 
 ri^u ^ u Verbs of dwelhnsr are usually con- 
 ens. The rt- 19 paragogic; hence . . . ^ J' 
 the word is Milei. strued with an ace. 
 > k JJenv. ^^ilsT 
 
 "i^^'int, p'inT, and Vb'^.I.Uxo^ell- .^^.^ ' ,^ , l > rian 
 
 ' : '.. ' .? \ iHT rSur. ^ot) to buy ^ to gam. Dan. 
 
 jjj^jjjg 2: 8 </ia<2/e woidd gain time. 
 
 1. the tenth son of Jacob by 3T m. Num 6:4. the external transpat' 
 
 ing^ see Gen. 30 : 20.) a proper 
 
 Leah. Hence 
 
 2. the tribe of Zebnlun, the 
 boundaries of which are giv- 
 en Josh. 19 : 1016. The gen- 
 tile noun is "'Db^iT from the form 
 p'b^liT, Num. 26:27. 
 n^T (kindred with nna) 
 
 ^ \. to slay^ kill. 1 Sam. 28 : 24. 1 
 K. 19:21. Ezek.39: 17. 
 
 e7it skin of the grape. Root A^T or 
 :;^T to be clear^ transparent ; comp. 
 the Samar. ;:\'r and Chald. :;;iT. 
 
 IT m. verbal adj. from I^T or 'lit, 
 dec. I. arrogant., proxid ; hence by a 
 common transition, (comp. bb^nos. 
 3,4.) bold^ wicked., profane. Is. 13:11. 
 Jer.43:2. Ps. 19: 14. 119:21,51, 
 69, 78, 85,122. 
 
 from iim 
 
 2. especially to slay for sacrifice, p'-j^ ^^ ^onst. )\^1 (as if 
 
 ^0 sacn^ce ; construed with ^, 1 K.8: . "^ .., n i^^ iii ^ 
 
 63. and -sb, 1 K. 8: 62. 2= Chr. 7: ' 1; ^'^) '^^^- '" =".-, 
 : ' 1. arrogance., pride. 
 
 4. of the person to whom the sacri- 
 fice is offered. 
 
 Pi. nsT, fut. naj";, idem. 1 K. 3 : 
 2. 8:5. 22:44. 
 
 Deriv. out of course nst^. 
 
 H-T m. with suff. 'nif, Plur. DTllT, 
 const. Tint, oncen'innt(Hos.4:19.) 
 verbal from tJ^T, dec. VI. i. 
 
 1. an animal killed, a repast on 
 animals killed. Gen. 31 : 54. Ezek. 
 39: 17. Prov. 17: 1 n"^-)-" 'nn"i/ea5f- 
 
 ings with strife. 
 
 2. a5cri^ce, partly in opposition 
 to the unbloody offering{T^r\2p^,) 1 Sam. 
 2:29. Ps. 40: 7. partly in opposi- 
 tion to the burnt-offering, (inVl^',) 
 and embracing those offerings 
 which were not entirely consumed, 
 such as the sin-offering, trespass-of- 
 fering, and thank-offering, Ex. 10 : 
 25. Lev. 17: 8. Num. 15:5. niT 
 D'^^b^ thank-offering, Lev. 3:1. 4: 
 10. Hence applied to great anni- 
 versary sacrifices and feasts gener- 
 ally, as D'^XS'sn in^T the yearly sacri- 
 fice, 1 Sam'l : 21. 20 : 6. tint 
 rtns;D73iri the family sacrifice, 20 : 
 29ycomp. 9: 12, 13. 16:3. 
 
 arrogance, pride. Pro v. 11: 2, 
 21: 24. Tisb -ji^T the pride of thine 
 heart, Jer. 49: 16.' Obad. 3. 
 
 2. wickedness,impiety. Deut.l 7:12. 
 
 3. as a concrete,jjrou(/. Jer.50:31. 
 
 n, fem. rii^T (prob. for nfi^J fem. 
 
 of NT, Arab. \o.) 
 
 1. pron. demon, this. When 
 doubled, one. ...the other, 1 K. 22:20. 
 Is. 6:3. Job 1: 16. Sometimes it im- 
 plies contempt, like theGreek ovrog, 
 or Lat. ille, Ex. 32: 1 "ntiz nt "'S 
 
 for as to this Moses, verse 23. 10: 7. 
 1 Sam. 10:27. Ezra 3: 12. Comp. 
 however Ps. 48:15. Used as a plu- 
 ral, Job 19: 19. 1 Sam. 29:3. 
 
 2. more rarely in poetry as a 
 relative, who^ like the Germ. der. 
 (Comp. the art. -rt.) Ps. 104 : 8 
 drib n^D; inT D'^'p^'bN io the place 
 which thou hast prepared for them. 
 Prov. 23: 22. Also merely as a sign 
 of relation, (comp. n'^JN no. 2.) Ps. 
 78:54. 74: 2 in ni^-Jb HT p'^iZ ^rt 
 mount Zion which thuu inhabitest. 
 
 3. here, for Injra in hoc scil. loco. 
 Gen. 28 : 17. iit^ hence, 37: 17- 
 (Coinp. tlt-^vNf and ^T^-^N.) Dan. 
 10: 17 rjT '31N5 my lord here. 
 
nnt 
 
 184 
 
 It 
 
 4. before numbers and dates, 
 now, already, to give emphasis. 
 Gen. 27: 36 D'^^J^G rt these two 
 times, i. e. now twice. 31: 38 Sit 
 iHDiiJ D"^*!^? ozu tweiiljj years, verse 
 4l/43: iV. 45:6. Zech. 7:3 r77?S ^T 
 fi'^ru; now so many years. 
 
 5^ after many particles, especi- 
 ally of interrogation and exclama- 
 tion, it is used &s an intensitive, 
 like the English now., then. Gen. 27: 
 
 21 e<-b-ni<' r^y "^rn jit sinjt^ 
 
 T : V T - 
 
 whether thou then art my son Esau, 
 or not. nT-!l73 how theni Gen. 27: 
 20. why then ? Judg. 18 : 24. 1 K. 
 21: 5. 5lT.~n73'^ why theni Gen. 18: 
 
 13. 25:22. ^Jlt-nStl behold now! 
 Cant. 2:9. JiT i-jn^ this very time, 
 now then, Ruth 2:^7 n^*] *np.S:5-{ Ti<72 
 t^t innyyVow i^c morning until this 
 very time, 1 K. 17: 24. 
 
 6. Compounded with prepositions, 
 (1.) nia here, Gen. 38: 21. Ex. 24 : 
 
 14. when, Est. 2: 13. (2.) JiTlDT lnt3 
 so and so, thus and thus, Judg. 18: 
 4. 1 K. 14: 5. also this as well as 
 thai, 2 Sam. 11:25. 
 
 tlT f. this, i.q. nfi^T. Found onlv Ecc- 
 2: 2, 5: 15, 13. 7: 23. 9: 13. Comp- 
 
 IT and :it. 
 
 mriT m. prim, const. iiriT, once ilni 
 (Gen. 2: 12.) dec. IV. a.* 
 
 1. go/(i. Gen. 24: 22, 53. 36: 39. 
 Ex. 3 : 22. When used after nu- 
 erals, shekel (bp.^) is to be suppli- 
 ed, as Gen. 24: 22 n^lj SrT^iZjy ten 
 (^shekels of) gold. 
 
 2. figuratively the golden splen- 
 dour (of the firmament,^ Job 37:22. 
 gold-coloured oil, Zech. 4: 12. 
 
 l-iTIT in Kal not used in Hebrew; but 
 in Arabic signifying to be fetid, ran- 
 cid, spoken of corrupted oil, and in 
 Chaldaic, to be dirty, loathsome. 
 Hence in Pi. to loathe., abhor. Job 
 33: 20 Dn^ in^r: 'iri^^ilt his life ab- 
 horreth it, {namely) bread. 
 
 *liT in Kal not used, to shine, (as in 
 Syr. and Arab.) comp. *ini light. 
 
 Hiph. 'I'^hTlrt. 1. intrans. to be 
 bright, to shine. Dan. 12:3. (In 
 Chald. '^"'irTTN idem.) 
 
 2. to enlighten ; but only figura- 
 tively, (l.) to teach, construed with 
 two accusatives. Ex. 18 : 20. With 
 an accusative of the person only, 
 2 Chr. 19: 10. (2.) to warn against 
 any thing. 2 K.6:10. Construed with 
 172 of the thing, Ezek.3. 18 '-\'^tlin!? 
 n^'p^il 'ID^'llQ Srui'n to warn the 
 wicked from his wicked way. Also 
 construed with "j^ in a somewhat 
 different sense, Ezek. 3: 17. 33:7 
 
 ^ 27? dnii ^")^I!n ^^^^ *'^"^' "^^^^ 
 
 them from me, i.e. on my account. 
 (In Syr. Pa. and Aph. in Chald. Aph. 
 idem.) 
 
 Niph. 1. to be instructed, Ps. 19: 
 1 2. to receive instruction or counsel, 
 Ecc. 4:13. 
 
 2. to take warning. Ezek. 33: 4,5, 
 6. Construed with ]73, Ecc. 12:12. 
 
 "lilT Chald.ic?em. Part. pass. ^'JiT ad- 
 monished, cautious, prudent. Ezra 4: 
 22. (In Syr. Ethpe. to take heed, at- 
 tend, watch.) 
 
 *1in7 m. verbal from 'itiT, dec. VI. 
 brightness (of the firmament.) Ezek. 
 8:2. Dan. 12:3. 
 
 IT f. i.q. rr^ and ni^T this. Hos. 7: 16. 
 Used as a relative, Ps. 132: 12. 
 
 '^T com. gen. for riT and ni<T. 
 
 1. as a prou. demon, this, Ps. 
 12:8. 
 
 2. more frequently as a relative, 
 who, which. Ex. 15: 13. Ps. 9: 16. 
 142:4. Is. 43:21. Hab. 1: 11 inb 5lT 
 'fn'bi^b his strength is his god. 
 
 "IT m. 1 K. 6: 1, 37. (in many MSS. 
 T^t,) the second month of the He- 
 brew year, answering to part of A- 
 pril and part of May. This word 
 signifies in Chaldaic, splendour, 
 brightness, (see T'T;) an idea which 
 in the eastern languages is closely 
 connected with that of flourishing, 
 blossoming; hence perhaps the 
 month of flowers, as in the Chaldee 
 version N^35r5 '!'1 n^"^, monfh of 
 
the flourishing of flowers. (In Arab. a comer. Zech. 9: 15 Haf^ ri^ltS as 
 
 VA^ to he bright., to flower; %^ th corners of the altar. Ps. 144: 12 
 
 r. ^. . /.^,v,r. KA * cA,-- rrintan^ n^lTS ^2Tn*33 literally 
 a flower ; comp, /**/> <o sfime^ '' . : -^ 
 
 5c/ J " our daughters as corner pillars ele- 
 
 whence ^AA a flower.) gantly hewn. Aqu. cJ? iniycovia, 
 
 ^^. Vulg. owasi anguli. 
 
 jIT 1. <o/Zot. Ps. 78: 20. 105:41. L^-.^ ^ , f , 
 
 Is. 48: 21. Also spoken of the per- ^'^ ^""^ ly ^s- ^6 : 6 nm C^Jrirt 
 son or place, in, on, or from which C'S)^ a^Ao pour out gold from the 
 any things flows.(Comp. rj^il no. 5.) ^^.-^ 
 
 Jer. 49:4 r|p3? it % valley flows P^^^^' ^^^P- ^^^ Arab. Jiyi(med. 
 (mf^ blood.)So -linin n^n n^r y^.i< V'av and Je) i. q. i^Tfij to go away, 
 a land flowing (with) milk and hon- intrans. to remove ; or ^^T no. 2. to 
 ey, Ex. 3: 8, 17. 13: 5. 33: 3. Lev. squander, to spend. 
 20: 24. Num. 13:27. 14:8. 16: 14. ^L^^ . ... , , ^ 
 
 2. applied especially to the ca- "^^^ ^' ^^^^ ^'^"^ ^^^' ^^- ^' ''- 
 tamenia or monthly courses of wo- mo^ja^, separation, defect, (comp. 
 men, Lev. 15: 25. and in the latter ^jjy^ to be removed, to fail ;) but 
 part of the verse to the women found only in the construct state 
 themselves, n^Tn she has her n^:it, and with suff. ^nb^T, *^nb^T, 
 courses. Part. JliT having her cours- as a preposition, besides, exception- 
 es, verse 19. ly^ 2 K. 24: 14. Is. 45: 5, 21. Some- 
 
 3. also to the gonorrhoea in men, times with Yod paragogic "^nb^T, 
 Lev. 15: 2. Hence nj a man having j)eut. 1: 36. 4: 12. 
 
 a gonorrhoea. Lev. 15: 4 if. 22:4. ^ 
 
 Num. 5:2. 2 Sam. 3: 29. y\^ to nourish. Deriv. pt^. 
 
 4. to pine away, to die. Lam. 4: 9. Hoph. Jer. 5: 8 Kethib ^*^t)''{'0 
 In Aram, .^o^ ^^^toflow, espe- ^'r^^J^ll-fed horses. The Keri 
 
 ' -^ ' *^ reads d^:^^^, which Schultens de- 
 
 cially m the significations nos. 2. 3. . . '^"' 
 
 also to melt down, to dissolve. In "^^^^ ^^* H: = Arab, (^y^^ to 
 
 ' ' weigh ; namely, ponderibus insiructi, 
 
 Arab. OlO <o pine away, from {pondera i. q. tesie*, as in Catull. 
 
 hunger, sickness. 62. 5. Stat. Sylv. iii. 4. 77.) 6cne va- 
 
 1S1T m. verbal from n^T, dec. I. a. ^^^' ^^P^- ''^^o* ^n^v^avag. 
 
 1. gonorrhoea, fluxus seminisviri- 11T Chald. itiem. 
 
 /w. Lev. 15: 115. Ithpe. pass. Dan. 4: 9. [12.] 
 
 2. </je monthly courses of females, ta..**... /. , , , ^ ^ 
 >a;, san^^umi. mw/ie6m. Lev. 15 : ^V^ ^' ^"'^^<' P^^^' ^^^- ^^^"^ ^JJi 
 
 16 ff. q- V. 
 
 *T^T see *T^T. "^"^^ ('J^ Aram, frequent.) 1. to move 
 
 * one'* self Est. 5: 9. 
 
 D^nTmasc.plur.found only Gen. 14:5. 2. to tremble, td be moved with 
 
 a people on the borders of Pales- alarm. Ecc. 12:3. 
 
 tine, otherwise entirely unknown. Pilp. part. y^^Ttt, to trouble, vex, 
 
 Sept. id-vfj iaxvQa, which is also agitare, divexar'e.' Hab. 2 : 7. (In 
 
 expressed by several ancient trans- Aram, and Arab, idem.) 
 
 lators. (Comp. Arab. IjaUa stout ^-'^^ ChM. to tremble, to I. afraid; 
 "^^t^ construed with yn. Part. "j-^'Nt, or 
 
 or thickset people.) as j^ .^g ^e^i l^j^-^'j, Dan. b: 19. 6: 
 
 M^lt (with Kamets impure) f. dec.X. 27. 
 
 24 
 
niT 
 
 )S6 
 
 T]TT\ f. verbal from 2>iT, with Vav 
 
 moveable, 
 
 1 . object of oppression or ill-treat- 
 ment,, objecluni agitalionis, divexa- 
 tionis. Jer. 15:4 bbb Ji:^]!^ D'^rjri: 
 y*lNJl m*Db,^^ / will give them to 
 be ill-treated by all the kingdoms of 
 the earth. 24: 9. 29: 18. 34: 17. 2 
 Chr. 29: 8. In the Keri of all these 
 passages, we find ni^Ji (q.v.)aform 
 of more easy pronunciation. 
 
 2. terror. Is. 28: 19. 
 
 ! 1^" or *nT 1. to press or squeeze 
 
 Q 7 
 
 together, to crush.[Syr. ^1, h O) to 
 take into the hand or fist ; Arab. 
 
 /""i/ ^'^ /?'^**, <o pinch.) Judg. 
 6: 38 rjn.n"nJ< *\T^1 and he pressed 
 together the fleece. Job 39:15 nsUJn} 
 n*\ntn V;i"\. 'd she {the ostrich) for- 
 gettelh that the foot may crush them 
 {the eggs.) Is. 59 : 5 STl^Til that 
 which is crushed,, part. pass. fern, 
 with Ji instead of rt-f-. 
 
 2. to be pressed together,, as the 
 lips of a wound. Is. 1:6 ^'nT it 7 
 
 28: 10. 30:12. Hos. 7:9. 8:7. Obad. 
 11. Here also we may place bi< 
 ^l a strange god, Ps. 44:21. 81:10. 
 and ti'^^l strange gods,^ Deut. 32:16. 
 Jer. 3: Ts. 5: 19. (2.) another,, in 
 opposition to one''$ self. Prov. 11:15. 
 14: 10. 20: 16. 27: 2, 13. 1 K. 3: 
 18. n^T 'iJN other, i.e. UQConsecra- 
 
 TT 
 
 ted, j^re, Lev. 10: 1. comp. Ex. 30: 
 9. (3.) n^T the wife of another, 
 (comp. 5n n**i?N Prov. 6: 24, 29.) 
 in opposition to one's own wife, es- 
 pecially in reference to criminal in- 
 tercourse with her; hence an adul- 
 teress. Prov. 2: 16. 5: 3, 20. 7:5. 
 22:14. 23:33. So Q^-iT other men, 
 i. e. adulterers, Jer. 2^25. Ezek. 
 16: 32. D''*^t W^jZ strange children, 
 i. e. children born out of wedlock, 
 Hos. 5: 7. 
 
 Niph. i.q. Kal no. 1. Is. 1: 4. 
 
 Hoph. part. 1T173 estranged, Ps. 
 69:9. 
 
 Deriv. ^iT^ no. II. 
 
 n'l'IT Is. 59; 5 nyDit i'jpan n'liTn'! 
 and as to that which is crushed, a vi' 
 per Cometh out. See "i^tno. I. 1. It 
 ought perhaps to be pointed 
 
 they are not pressed together, namely, 
 
 so as to cleanse them trom blood, pjp^ ^^^^^ oj^l -^^ jj| j,. to move one's 
 
 The form q^t (not ^inT ) is chosen ;^ - i ; r 
 
 \ r y self, to move from one^s place* Ex. 
 
 on account of the intransitive sig- ^ y 
 
 nification ; comp. Gr. ^ 76. 28:28. 39: 21. (In Arab. 7^ A and 
 
 Deriv. ^iT73 no. I. x ^c^ .^ 
 
 II. n^T to be 'estranged, alienated. ^y^/, in Aram. c>.Ol, ^T idem.) 
 Job 19: 13. Ps. 78: 30. Especially ^pjT ^ ^^ ^^.^^^^ Part. -^b^-^V, 
 to be alienated from God, to sin, Ps. 
 58:4. (In Arab.J^fyiconj. VI. VIII. 
 IX.Xl.declinavit.Comp.'in Heb.l^O.) 
 
 2. to be strange or a stranger. 
 Job 19: 17 ^Dtnh n^T ^m^ my 
 spirit, i.e. I, am become a stranger 
 to my wife. (Comp. verses 13,15. 
 Ps. 69: 9.) Part. ^T a stranger, an- 
 other, variously modified, {\.) a for- 
 eigner, one who is not an Israelite. 
 Ex. 30: 33. often in the sense of an 
 enemy, barbarian, (like ^e7vog,, hos- 
 tis,) Ps. 109: 11 let enemies plunder 
 hia substance. Is, 1: 7. Ezek. 11: 9. 
 
 creepers in the dust, serpents, Deut. 
 32:24. Mic. 7. 17. 
 
 2. to fear, to be afraid, (like the 
 
 Aram.lrm, ^v) Job32:6]3-V5 
 fit^''5<T ''nlrlnT wherefore I feared 
 and was afraid. 
 I. T\ in Kal and Hiph. 
 
 I. to act proudly, rashly ; of course 
 to be disobedient towards God, Deut. 
 17:13. Neh. 9: 16, 29. Deut. 1: 43 
 ST^vJil ^'^t.'^l ^^1^1 y^ ^^ted rashly 
 and went up into the mountain,, name- 
 ly, against the divine command. 
 
f[^1 
 
 187 
 
 t 
 
 2. construed with ^5, to deal tribe of Judah. Josh. 15: 55. 2 Chr. 
 wickedly with any one. Neh. 9: 10 11:8. In its neighbourhood was a 
 asi'^bi? ^T^Tlrt ':: n^n; ">s /or /Ao?* desert of the same name, 1 Sam.23: 
 knewest that they ^ (the Egyptians) 14,15. The gentile noun is iB-^T, 
 dealt wickedly against the rn {the He- 1 Sam. 23: 19. 26: 1. 
 brews.) Ek, \8 : 11. 21: 14 y, TTl'-]}^^} {em. p\iir. burning arrows, fiery 
 
 darts^ burning torches. Is. 50: 1 1. i.q, 
 26 : i8. (where also 
 
 if any one deals wickedly with his 
 neighbour^ to slay him with guile. 
 (In this passage its signification ap- 
 proaches to that of nniiZ, in^^l to lie 
 in Toait.) 
 
 Deriv. "JT, 'Ji^-'t, ji'iT. 
 11. pT to prepare pottage. Gen. 25: 
 29 in: '2p^^2 ^111 o.nd Jacob pre- 
 pared pottage. Sept. ijiiifjGf de '/- 
 xw/? tiprjficc {(fuxov.) Vulg. coxit 
 auteui Jacob pulmentum. Chald. b^m 
 i^b'^^Jln. Deriv, T' td pof^a^e, from 
 the synonymous root 1T3. (Comp. 
 
 Arab. oSkfood., especially/oof//or a 
 journey ; and Heb. j-jnx, n'l'^:.) 
 
 ^''T or TIT Chald. i.q. Heb.\n no. 
 1. Aph. infin. Dan, 5: 20. 
 
 P i*'T verbal adj. from T^T no. I. dec. 
 I. proud., swelling., spoken of the 
 
 D'HJ1)T Prov. 
 
 many MSS. read &''p,"^T.) lu Syr. 
 Xclj^ telum^fulmen. 
 
 i^ll m. dec. VI. f. 1. olive tree. Judg. 
 9: 9. also l^a'^j n\T idem., Deut. 8: 8. 
 Dll ^^;4? olive oil, Ex. 27: 20. 30: 
 24. Lev. 24: 2. D'^n'^Trt ^tl </jc mt. 
 of olives., near Jerusalem,Zech.l4:4. 
 
 2. the olive. 'D^rn ys; ?/{<? o/ire 
 tree.. Hag. 2 : 19. rT^T 'l^l to press 
 o/iDC*, Mic. 6: 15. '" '^ 
 
 3. an olive branch. Zech. 4: 11 ; 
 comp. verse 12. 
 
 '^T and "^T, fern. nST, verbal adj. from 
 ^5J, dec.V^IlI. ;)i/re,( 1 .)in a physical 
 sense ; spoken of oil, Ex. 27: 20. of 
 incense, 30:34. (2.) jn a moral sense, 
 Job 8: 6. 11:4.33:9. Prov. 16:2. 
 20: 11. 21:8. 
 
 waves. Ps. 124:5 
 '^^'T m. Chald. brightness, splendour. ^^Jl to be pure, only in amoral sense. 
 
 Job 15: 14. 25:4. Ps. 51: 6. Mic. 
 
 6:11. 
 
 Pi. to purify, cleanse. Ps. 73: 13 
 ''^ib "'^'^St ^ /icfye cleansed my heart. 
 Prov. 20:9. Ps. 119:9 'n^D hSp n^2 
 irflN-nN how can a young man keep 
 his conduct pure ? 
 
 m. 
 ban. 2:31. 4: 33. [36.] hence in 
 the plural, a bright, healthy counte- 
 nance, Dan. 5: 6, 9 "^ni^y ifr^y n'i"T 
 his countenance was changed upon him, 
 i.e. it became pale, verse 10. 7: 28. 
 
 Comp. in Heb. chap. 10:8. (Syr. jajl 
 
 brightness; Arab, sjjx and ijj\ Hithpa. See ^jSt Niph. 
 
 ornament, dress. Comp. *}y.) 
 
 T*'T literally, motion, life, activity. (In 
 Chald. 7^T to move, whence also 
 
 ri^^TW.) Hence iht' r r^. .1 . . 
 
 "1. S^D fT poetically for m/d ^''l ^- ^^'^^^- -P^^'2/> *iHocmc^. Dan. 
 *' 6:22. 
 
 In Aram. Jdj, ti^l to be pure; also 
 
 \d], i<5| ; the latter more in a mo- 
 ral sense. 
 
 beasts of the field, Ps. 50: 11. 80:14 
 
 2. perhaps abundance generally. rT^^^Dt f. verbal from TTSt, found 
 Is. 66: 11 JTlinarr the abundance only * Job 28:17. glass'])r orys- 
 of her glory. Others make it i. q. ^^;, (Arab. ^U/, Syr. ^^9,0 
 SyT.\\0\ pride. .^,^) C '^ ^^ 
 
 *1 ! proper name of a city in the I^^T m. i.q. ^^Dt male^ spoken of 
 
nST 
 
 188 
 
 n^T 
 
 men and animals. Ex. 2^:17. 34: 
 
 "^ST i.q. J-llDT to be pure ; in a physi- 
 cal sense, Lam. 4: 7. in a moral 
 sense, Job 15: 15. 25: 6. 
 
 Hiph. to make clean^ to wash. Job 
 9:30. 
 
 Niph. to make one^s self clean. Is. 
 1: 16. But this form may better be 
 regarded as the Hithpaelfrom in^T. 
 
 Deriv. ^t, rT^D^St. 
 
 "^ JT, fut. "nbt"^, <o remember^ to think 
 o/. Deut. 5.* 15. 15:15. 16: 12. Con- 
 strued with an accus. of the person 
 or thing, Gen. 8 : 1. 19: 29. 
 SlilrT/-nJ!5 ^iT to remtmber Jeho- 
 vah,' Tiexxi. 8: "l3. Ps. 98: 3 ^St 
 *in2n?3M"i ilOn he remembered his 
 grace and truth. Also with b of the 
 person, to remember any thing/or 
 any one, Neh. 5: 19 ^H'^ti ''^ Tl^'Dl 
 Tu3n."^3 Jl!lit2 P remember for me, 
 O my God, for good, all that etc. 13: 
 22. Jer. 2: 2. Ps. 79: 8. More rare- 
 ly with \ of the person or thing, 
 Ex. 32: 13. Deut. 9: 27. Ps. 25: 7. 
 136:23. with 2, Jer. 3: 16. 
 
 Niph. "iSp to he remembered, to 
 he thought of. ' Job 24 : 20 i<b nii> 
 ^^T"^. he shall no more be remembered. 
 Jen II: 19. Is. 23: 16. Zech. 13: 2. 
 
 Est.9:28 D^m;:i a-^^i^o fi^>N5 D"'?3*rt 
 
 these days should be remembered and 
 kept. Construed with b of the per- 
 son, (see Kal,) to be remembered 
 concerning ov for any one, Ezek.18: 
 22. 33: 16. Construed with ^N, to 
 he remembered hy any one, Ps. 109: 
 
 the iniquity of his fathers be re- 
 membered by Jehovah. Also with 
 ^psb in the same sense, Num.10: 9. 
 Hiph. ^"^IStil to bring to remem- 
 brance. Gen. '40: 14 bi^, '^^J^'I^Iil 
 !ni>nD bring me into remembrance 
 with Pharaoh. 1 K. 17: 18. Ezek. 
 21:29. [24.] 29: 16. Jer. 4: 16 
 t'jiab ^^"'Stil announce (it) to the 
 nations. Also in the superscrip- 
 
 tions of Psalms xxxviii. lxx. 'n^ST^ib 
 to bring [one'^s self) into remem- 
 brance [with God,) a meaning, which 
 suits the contents of those Psalms. 
 
 2. to make mention of (Arab, 
 conj. IV. to mention, to praise.) 1 
 Sam. 4: 18. Ps. 87 : 4. Especially to 
 mention with commendation, to praise, 
 Is 63:7. iChr. 16: 4. Cant. 1: 4 
 Y.m 'T{*'1T Jl^'^^T^ we praise thy 
 love more than wine. Ps. 45:18. 
 71: 16. 77: 12. also with InW U'^ , 
 Is. 26: 13. and i"^a, Josh. 23: 7. Ps. 
 20:8. Am. 6:10. (comp. D^ijz N'^I?.) 
 Is. 48:1. Once causat. to cause to 
 mention or praise, Ex. 20: 24. 
 
 3. as in Kal, to remember. Gen. 
 41:9. Is. 19:17. 49: I. 
 
 4. in the ritual language, ^''ST^ 
 Tll'lh one who burns incense, i. e. one 
 who brings a remembrance-offer- 
 ing, or praise-offering, of incense. 
 Is. 66:3. See ^^3Tt^. 
 
 5. to write down, memorice prode- 
 re. Part. 1^ST73 as a subst. 1 K.4: 
 3. 2 K. 18:18,37. 2 Chr. 34:8. Is. 
 36: 3, 22. the recorder or historiogra- 
 pher, a great officer of the crown 
 among the Hebrews, whose busi- 
 ness was to record the events of 
 the nation, especially what related 
 to the king. Among the Persians 
 this officer is called Vakia-JVuwis, 
 and under the later Roman empe- 
 rors masister memori(E. 
 
 IJ*? m. male, of the male kind, mas, 
 the appropriate word for the dis- 
 tinction of sex in men and ani- 
 mals. Its opposite is n^jPj Gen. 1: 
 27. 5: 2. 6': 19. Hence as a denom- 
 inative, in 
 
 Niph. ^2T3 to be bornamale. Ex. 
 
 34: 19. (In Arab. So conj. IV. to 
 bear a male child.) 
 
 "^DT and "n?.?. m. with suff. '^'ilDT, ver- 
 bal from ^^T , dec. VI. g. and h. 
 
 1. memory, remembrance. Ex. 17: 
 14 / will destroy the remembrance of 
 Amalek. Deut. 25: 19. 32:26. 
 
 2. name, appellation, i.q. DT23. Ex. 
 
tVt 
 
 189 
 
 153T 
 
 Vine, so called from their tremulous 
 motion. Is. 18:5. Root. bt^T to shake; 
 see b^T no. II. 
 
 SiiS'-iV^r ''irsT Jin ab-iyb ^J2'p rrj 
 
 *^^l Ais w my name forever., and this 
 
 is my appellation unto all generations. 
 
 " 30: 5 f^ljP 'ipj.^ rinin pmm I. ^^T 1. <o 6e low, vile, contemptible 
 
 his holy name. Hos. 14: 8 ]"';;5 I'^^t 
 
 lirib his name is as the wine of 
 
 Lebanon, comp. Cant. 1 : 3 "J^TD 
 
 ^^.UJ p'lnn as ointment poured out is 
 
 thy name, 
 
 3. praise^ celebration. Ps. 6 : 6. 
 
 102:13. (Arab. ^Sa/>ram.) 
 
 jlllDT m. const. 'j'i^:DT,plur. D*^ and 
 ni, verbal from ^DT, dec. 111. d. 
 
 J. memory^ remembrance. Josh. 4: 
 7. Ex. 12:14. Ecc.l: 11. 2:16. 
 pIlST '32N Stones of remembrance, 
 spoken of the two precious stones 
 on the shoulder pieces of the high- 
 priest's ephod, Ex.28: 12. 39: 7. 
 
 2. memorial. Ex. 13:9. 
 
 3. an event committed to writing, 
 a memoir. Ex. 17 : 14 ntit ihS 
 *^5D2 I'l'nST write this as a memoir 
 in a book. pIST "nDD a book of 
 remembrance, Mai. 3 : 16. 'npD 
 rriail^TJl the book of memoirs, i. e. 
 the chronicles of the kingdom, Est. 
 6: 1. 
 
 4. a sacred day, festival. (Comp. 
 the verb, Est. 9: 28. Ex.20:8.) Lev. 
 23: 24. 
 
 5. a memorable speech, maxim, 
 proverb, i. q. buiTS. Job 13: 12. 
 
 Mp,5! and "^SlIJl^T {Jehovah re- 
 members) a proper name, (in Greek 
 Zaxcc^lag.) 
 
 1. a king of Israel, son of Jero- 
 boam II. 2K. 14:29.-15: 11. 
 
 2. a prophet. Zech. 1: 1,7. Ez- 
 ra 5: 1. 6: 14. 
 
 ^' >} f. usually rendered vileness, 
 
 baseness, as if from r^t no. I. Ps. 
 
 12: 9. Better: terror, from '^^t 
 
 no. II. 
 /TPT dec. VIU. h. found only in the 
 
 plur. D'^^tbt twigs, branches of the 
 
 (Arab. J<3^Syr. ^1 idem.) Part. 
 Lam. 1: 11. Jer. 15: 19. 
 
 2. causat. to regard as vile, to 
 lightly esteem, to squander, spend. 
 Part. bbiT a spendthrift, glutton, 
 Prov. 23:21. 28:7. Deut. 21: 20. 
 Prov. 23 : 20 'n'DS ''c.^^'^ wasters of 
 their own body, namely, through de- 
 bauchery. 
 
 Hiph. b'^tn (with Chaldaic in- 
 flection) ^ lightly esteem, to despise. 
 Lam. 1:8. ' 
 
 ll' P^T found only in Niph. to be 
 shaken.to quake. Is, 63: 1 9[64: 1 J'^'^jQa 
 ^bt3 d"''lil at thy presence the tnoun- 
 
 tains quake. Judg. 5:5. (Arab. \^r\h 
 
 to shake the earth ; {^'f\h an earth- 
 quake.) Comp. D'^bTbj, nnV.T. 
 inD3?^T, riS3?^T f. dec. XI. heat, glow. 
 
 (In Arab. v^^aAjA conj. IV. ambusta 
 et ustulata fait cutis. The quadrilit- 
 eral is formed from p]:;; by the in- 
 sertion of b.) Ps.ll:6 niDi'bT nn^ 
 a hot wind, like the simoom. Lam. 
 5: 10 i:^"! f1^-?^^ th^ h^<^^s ^f ^"W- 
 ger\ comp. Ai^MoV i'i^oi/Mn Hesiod, 
 and ignea fames in Quintilian. Ap- 
 plied to hot anger, Ps. 119: 53. 
 
 il^ST f. verbal from d727, dec. X. 
 
 1. plan, purpose ; in a good sense, 
 Job 17: 11. in a bad sense, Prov. 
 24: 9, 21: 27. 
 
 2. wickedness, mischief, crime. 
 Ps. 26: 10. 119: 150. Especially wn- 
 chastity, Lev. 18 : 17 N*""?! IriTSt 
 it is wickedness. Job 31: II. Ezek. 
 16:27. 22:9,11. 
 
 JTni^T f plur. d^i^t , verbal from 
 Ti^aT no. I. dec. X. 
 
 1. a branch of the vine. Num.13- 
 23. 
 
 2. a branch generally. Is. 17: 10. 
 
i53T 
 
 190 
 
 ittT 
 
 Ecc. 3: 1 'jttT Vsb every thing has its 
 time. Neh/2:6. Est. 9:27,31. 
 
 Ezek. 15:2. 8: 17 and behold, they 
 
 hold the branch before their nose ; an 
 
 allusion to the religious custom of i,i^ ^ /-, u / 
 
 the Parsees, who while praying to 1^1 C^'^- ^o"^*^ ^^^J '^ P^. to ap- 
 
 the rising sun hold a bundle of point, prepare. 
 
 brush-wood (called bersam) in their 
 hands. 
 
 ;'^52T'DT masc. plur. proper name of 
 a race of giants in Palestine, ex- 
 tinct before the time of Moses. 
 Deut. 2: S;0. 
 
 Ithpa. 'JTS'^Tm to meet, to agree, to 
 concert, inter se convenire. Dan. 2: 9 
 Keri Tinl573'1TlrT ye have agreed. 
 Comp. Am'. 3: 3 Targum. The Ke- 
 thib is to be read 'j:in:^'r?l in Aphel, 
 in which conjugation this Terb is 
 found in Chaldaic and Samaritan. 
 
 1^'Q" m. verbal from ^73tno. I. (after 
 the form ^-^^s , ':;"^^n.) time of]^] "^ I^T m. emph. N:^t, plur. 
 pruning the vine. Cant. 2: 12. Ac- 
 cording to others, the time of the 
 singing of birds; but against the us- 
 age of 'l^T no. II. 
 
 H'^'QT, plur. m'l''^T, verbal from ^^J 
 
 no. II. a song. Is. 25 : 5. Ps. 119: 
 
 54. 2 Sam. 23:1. Especially a sovg 
 
 of praise., .Tob 35: 10 -who giveth 
 
 songs of praise, i.e. prosperity, in the 
 
 night {of adversity.) 
 12)21, pret. ^PQ^T and V.iTat, fut. Syr. ^1, and in Arab. O^^^rm/^u., 
 
 ^h, plur. nnr' fJr n73T; , (see Gr. P'"^' ^^'^^"O 
 
 116. IV. 5.) ' ^ * ")^J <o prime (the vine.) Lev. 25 : 
 
 1. to purpose, resolve. Jer. 51: 12. 3, 4. (Arab, r^f^ the letters 72 and 
 
 Lam.2:17. Gen.ll:6. comp. Job 42: ^ u.: Z,'..^a\ 
 
 2.Construed with an accus. Prov.31: 
 16 iilt? 'nl2'm she thinks on a fteld. 
 
 2. especially to purpose evil. 
 
 , :J21, Chald. 
 
 1'.' time, appointed time. Dan. 2:1 6. 
 i<3?2T ns at the same time. 3: 7, 8. 
 4: 33.' [36.] 'J^y'] "J^ST "I'J for a time 
 and season, 7:12. Also a sacred time, 
 or festival, Dan; 7: 25. Comp. ^i'iZ2 
 no. 1.(2.) 
 
 2. Plur. times, repetitions of any 
 thing, i. q. Lat. vices. Dan. 6: 11 
 Sinbn I^^^T three times. (So the 
 
 ?rov. 30: 32 ni^at DNn and if thou 
 purposest {evil.) comp. Deut. 19: 19. 
 Zech. 8: 14. and the noun J-PiT. 
 
 3. construed with a dative, to 
 plot, to lie in wait. Ps. 37: 12. 
 
 Dcriv. out of course ln72T, ?1T73. 
 
 n being commuted.) 
 Niph. pass. Is. 5: 6. 
 Deriv. ^'?2t, n^'Mzi , n'n^TlJ 
 
 II. 
 
 I^T found only in Pi. ^72t. 
 
 1 . to sing, to sing praises, to cel- 
 ebrate. (In Syr. and Arab. idem. 
 Some derive this signification from 
 the former to prune, on account of 
 the ccesura or break in singing, but 
 erroneously.) Construed with a da- 
 tive of the person sung or celebrat- 
 ed, Judg. 5:3. Ps. 9:12. 30: 5. 47:7, 
 or with an accus. Ps. 47: 7. 66:2. 68: 
 5, 33. 
 
 2. to play on an instrument, ipul- 
 
 Xhv. Ps. 33:2. 71: 22. 
 
 .^- , , . Deriv.out of course ^"^TDT, '^iatT:. 
 
 jUTm. plur. &'^:?3t, dec. VIII. a. time, 
 
 especially an appoinredamc. (Arab. ".! ' ^^^^^- '"""^' instrumental 
 5 ^ / 5 / X- ^ music. Dan. 3: 5, 7, 10, 1 5. 
 
 <:><!>, u4r ; Syr. ^=1 idea.) -iST ^ cbald. a m^.r. Ezra 7: 24. 
 
 tJ^T m. verbal from C73T, dec. IV. a. 
 plan, purpose. Ps. 140:9. 
 
 *j^T , Pi. iTST to appoint, as in Chalda- 
 ic. Found only in Pu. part. d"'n5J 
 D^373T73 Ezra 10: 14. Neh. 10: 35." 
 and ni:72.'r7D '^ 13: 31 the appointed 
 times. 
 
nsT 
 
 191 
 
 13T 
 
 *lp,T m. found only Deut. 14:5. an (un- 
 known) animal of the stag or ga- 
 zel kind. (In Arab. ^J\ saliit ca- 
 prea.) 
 
 n"1^T f, verbal from "^TST no. I. dec. 
 X. 
 
 1. song. Ps.81:3. 98:5, 
 
 2. sound of mudical instruments. 
 Am. 5: 23. 
 
 3. figuratively V'lNri n^73T f/ic 
 *ong of the land^ i.e. its most cele- 
 brated and valued productions. 
 Gen. 43: 11. 
 
 ^"j^T m. (mi/ song) proper name of 
 
 a king of Israel, the murderer and 
 successor of Elah. IK. 16:9, 10. 
 2 K. 9:31. In Sept. ZctfifigL 
 
 ri"1'DT f. i. q. n^73T Ex. 15 : 2 V:> 
 n"" n'n^n Jehovah is my glory and 
 song. Fs."ll8: 14. Is. 12:2. 
 
 "jT m. plur. n'*3t, dec. VII. i. manner^ 
 sort. Ps. 144: 13 ^T >Nt ]T^ of every 
 sort. 2Chr. 16: 14.' 
 
 jT m. Chald. idem. Dan. 3: 5, 7, 10. 
 
 -3T m.prim.plur. n^iST, const. nis:t, 
 dec. IV. f. tail (of an animal.) Judg. 
 15: 4. Job 40: 17. Figuratively 
 
 Cnii^n niiaT ^:u3 the two ends of 
 
 the fire -irands^ Is. 7 : 4. Used pro- 
 verbially for something small or con- 
 temptible, Deut. 28: 13 Jehovah shall 
 make thee the head and not the tail. 
 verse 44. Is. 9:13. 19:15. Hence 
 Pi. i5T denom. from iDT, to smite 
 in the rear, to smite the rear guard 
 (of an army.) Deut. 25: 18. Josh. 
 10: 19. Literally to wound the tail. 
 Comp. the Greek ovQUi ovQViyia the 
 rear of an army. 
 
 inST (Syr. I-Jl, Arab. (^C^ ?) to commit 
 
 fornication, to whore ; and figura- 
 tively to practise idolatry, since the 
 Hebrews regarded Jehovah as the 
 husband of his peopfe, to whom 
 they were under bonds of conjugal 
 fidelity i idolatry, therefore, was 
 
 unfaithfulness to him. (See for ex- 
 ample Ezek. 16 : 8, 22. Hos. 1: 2.) 
 The person with whom fornication 
 is committed either literally or fig- 
 uratively, is put in the accus. Jer. 
 3: 1. Ezek 16: 28 D^:TnT and thou, 
 committest fornication with them ; or 
 is preceded by ]:N, Num. 25: 1. E- 
 zek. 16: 26, 28. by 3, Ezek. 16:17. 
 but most frequently by *"nm to go 
 a whoring after any one, i. e. to 
 run after him for the purposes of 
 whoredom, Judg, 2 : 17 "^"^m 12T 
 tJ'^ini^. C^nbtt they went a whoring 
 after strangt gods. So Lev. 17: 7. 20: 
 5,6. Deut. 31 : 16. "^nn^J lrt3T 
 niSiitn to go a whoring after ne- 
 cromancers. Lev. 20: 6. The per- 
 son sinned against is preceded by 
 )J2 , Ps. 73: 27. by "^ini^n, Hos. 1: 
 2. by nnn73 , Hos. 4:12. by nnn, 
 Ezek. 23: 5. (comp. Num. 5:19,29.) 
 or by b?!'?, Hos. 9: 1. More rarely 
 to have intercourse with foreign na- 
 tions, Is. 23: 17 -^3-ni5 nn2t 
 
 V^^N^T niSr^^ thou {Tyre) hast 
 committed fornication with all the 
 kingdoms of the earth. (Comp. Nah. 
 3:4.) 
 
 Part. fem. fisiT, more frequently 
 njTT ST^N, a harlot, Lev. 21: 7, 14. 
 Deut. 23: 19. Josh. 2: 1. 
 
 Pu. ^2:11; Ezek. 16:34. 
 
 Hiph. tl3tri, fut. apoc. ^t**.. 
 
 1. to seduce to fornication, Ex. 34: 
 16. to cause to commit fornication^ 
 Lev. 19:29. 
 
 2. i. q.Kal. Hos. 4: 10, 18. 
 Deriv. out of course a''::!:T, n^:T,. 
 
 ni3T name of two places in the tribe 
 of Judah. Josh. 15:34,56. Neh. 3: 
 13. 11: 30. 1 Chr.4: 18. 
 
 S'^^'IDT masc. plur. verbal from n:T , 
 dec. I. 
 
 1. zwAoret/om. Gen. 38:24. Hos. 1: 
 
 2 D'^i!i:T -"nb-^i D-::i:t nt^ a wo- 
 man of whoredom, and children of 
 
niT 
 
 192 
 
 GPT 
 
 -^horedom. 2: 6. [4.] 4: 12 5: 4. 2:4 p^^ j ^^^ ,t ,^^^ 
 
 '7 * ' ," * . " ^' L u Pi- <o ""*'* o^ ^0 teao form, as a 
 
 remoz^e Aeri^Wom, I.e. her whor- ^^^^^ of prey. Deut. 33 : 22. Iq 
 ish looks /ro/n /ler face ; (comp. E- g ^^ ^^^;^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ 
 zek. 6: 9.) ^*' 
 
 2. idolatry. 2 K. 9: 22. HS^T f. dec. X. i. q. V^ sweat. Gen. 3: 
 
 . 3. intercourse with foreign nations^ 19. (Iq Talmud. fi<5>''T 5tea<, i?'^T^. io 
 
 (like the verb, Is. 23 : 17.) Nah. ^ f.^ ^^J " . 
 
 ^. ^ ' ^ 5iyeai; Syr. j A^o? sweai.) 
 
 ni3T f. plur. n-^n^at, dec I. n^]?.' f. by transposition for in^^t, (as 
 
 1. whoredom, idolatry. Jer. 3 : 2, \ r ^^^^ \ o6iec< of oppression 
 
 9. Ezek. 23:27. 43:7, 9. Hos. 4: 11. ^vf. ^ ' ''^^. , t,;,,. 90.9/ Ezek 
 2. .6e.n. ,0 Go. generally, ^ ! 'rCt t^rKe'ri-one^.l': 
 ira5-/'e5Si07to//m commancZ* ; ap- 99- 18 34' 17. 
 
 plied to murmuring against him, ...- 
 Num. 14: 33 ap.WiT-Dw^. :iNip:T 'H'^^T m. a /ifi/e, ^ux^oi/, (a Chaldaic 
 they shall bear your transgressions^ i.e. form.) Job 36: 2. Comp. ^^"[73. 
 the punishment for them. ^ ^ ^^^^-^ ^j^^^^,^ ^^^^^^^ j^ q Heb.' ^-^SJi;. 
 
 n3T 1. perhaps i. q. Arab. ^T->p fo *'* . \ , 
 
 -- ^ . /, r ^ -7 Dan. 7: 8. (Aram. ^5?T, ^^1 to be 
 
 have an ojjensive smelly to be rancid. ^ " 
 
 (See Hiph. no. 1.) *^^^-) 
 
 2. tranj?. to regard as offensive^ '^^T j. q, ^^-^j to be extinguished^ to be 
 
 hence to rcject.cast off. (Gomp.tDnT. cufs/iorf. Found only in Niphal, Job 
 
 The signification, however, is more 17. j, (3 mSS. read this word with 
 
 certain thnn this connexion.) Hos. <^^ which gives a correct gloss.) 
 
 8: 3 a.l't3 ^NntD"' n2T Israel rejects ^^., , , , ',1 . u r 
 
 V i:- ' r^ , , C^' 1. <o 6c angry with, to havemdig- 
 
 ^/ia< IS o-oot/. Most trequentiy appli- 
 
 ed to Jehovah, Ps. 43:2 ^:nr!:t riTsb 
 wherefore dost thou reject me ? 44: 
 10,24. 60:3, 12. 74: 1. 77:8. 89: 
 39. Construed with "j^j, Lam. 3: 17 
 ^Uic^ Dibili^tD n3TnT thou rejectest me 
 from prosperity.) i. e. thou robbest 
 me of prosperity. 
 
 Hiph. 1. i. q. Kal no. 1. Here 
 we may place Is. 19: 6 tirT^^Tw^rr 
 111^^3 the rivers begin to stink., i. e. 
 they'* become shallow, stagnant, 
 Sept. V u]g. deficient flumina. (The 
 form has either arisen from com- 
 pounding two different readings 
 
 nation against.^ hence to punish with 
 indignation. Construed with an ac- 
 cus. Mai. 1 : 4. Zech. 1 : 12 ''^^ 
 nn^^^'J ^^^t. rr^ltr; the cities ofJu- 
 dah against which thou hast had indig- 
 nation. Is.66:14.with V?, Dan. 11:30. 
 Part. m'UT' D12?T he with whom Je- 
 hovah is angry , Prov. 22: 14. 
 
 2. to curse., to execrate. Num. 23 : 
 7, 8. Prov. 24: 24. Mic.6: 10. 
 
 Niph. (as if pass, of Hiph.) to be 
 angry. Prov. 26: 23 D'^X::^:^ t:": an 
 angry or sullen countenance. Vulg* 
 fades tristis. (Comp. I^^T.) 
 
 rin-'ltn and the Chald. r^mm, and ^^ ^ ^^^^^j ^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^ y, ^ 
 is of course corrupted ; or else it 
 
 is a denom. from an adjective ln3tiS.) 
 The signification is more certain 
 than the etymologial derivation. 
 
 2. causat. t)f Kal no. 2. to make 
 contemptible, to profane. 2 Chr. 29: 
 19. 
 
 3. to reject^castoff. 1 Chr. 28: 9. 
 Construed with "JT:, 2 Chr. 11:14. 
 
 antyer., especially the punitive an- 
 ger of God. Is. 10: 5, 25. 26:20.- 
 D^T D'i''2 iw the day of {God^s) an- 
 ger, Ezek. 22: 24. Dan. 11: 36 'i^ 
 D^T n^S till {God'^s) anger is over; 
 comp." 'chap. 8: 19. Hos. 7 : 16 
 D3i^b Q^I^O. through the pride of 
 their {the princes'') tongue. 
 
pi 193 IpT 
 
 fji^T i. q. D^T, (comp. the letter n.) piJ^T m. verbal from p^T, dec. VI. c. a 
 
 1. to be angry; construed with cry. Is. 30: 19. 
 
 ^-h'r ofi7o ^Vi \ "'','' T- \ f "F"' f- ^e^bal f^"-" P^-'' 3<=<=- XI. d. 
 Chr. 26 : 19. (In Syr. to be hot. ''': ^ , ' ' ^ 
 
 comp. ^T5i:bT ; in Samar. to breathe] '^V' J^^'' ? ^ .^^' ^0: 16. 50: 
 
 (comp. GVrhi.,cAnaM6e,iO both of 46. The following genitive is 
 
 which may lead us to the pri- ^^''^ used passively, Gen. 18 : 20 
 
 mary physical signification of the ^^ID r\pjJ. the cry concerning Sod- 
 
 word.) ^ /" 
 
 2. to be or ZooA: sullen^ sad^ or inDHt^T a city in the north of Pales- 
 jyeevish. (For this connexion of tine. Once Num. 34: 9. 
 
 ideas, see e.g. niCS?.) Part. d^Di^t ^t^* / 
 
 5ai,5orrom/w/, Gen." 40: 6. (comp. *??./ P>cA. Ex. 2:3. Is. 34:9. (Arab. 
 
 U^S)^ verse 7.) Dan. 1 : 10 d-^rD .?;. e i'a ", 7 x 
 
 D^^t a sad or .^un^.e/i counfewance; "-^V)' Syr. |A>1 Zf^em.) 
 
 namely, from the want of nourish- ^h>^* , . , . 
 
 ment. Theod.correctly azv&gcoTtos; <'* "^^sc. plur. 1. i.q. nip^t hurmng 
 
 comp. Mat. 6: 16. arrows, fiery darts. Prov. 26: 18. 
 
 t^y.^ The forms with < and those with 
 
 ^i^^l m.verbal adj.from Pj^T, ann^ri/, dis- ^ followed by Dagesh, are often 
 
 pleased. 1 K. 20: 43. 21:4. commuted with each other; e.g. 
 
 !:i?i m. verbal from ^^i, dec. VI. --^^Vs and t^^.^5, izi-i^^p and u:i"^p., 
 
 c. anger., rage., 2 Chr. 16: 10. 28: 9. D''5^.i^ and d^r^.^ni^a. 
 
 ao-4'ifi'on, as of the sea, Jon. 1:15. 2. fetter, chain. Ps. 149: 8. 
 
 ^r . . . . Is. 45: 14. Nah. 3:10. Job 36:8. (In 
 
 r^-l^ fut.p^r, imper. p^T, infan. pbT; Chald. -jipt i(/m, in Talmud, also 
 
 i. q. pyi <o cry out, to call, especi- tj.p,^ . f^om the root ppT to bind.) 
 
 ally from pain, sorrow. The per- ^^^ " * , Txr 1 , 
 
 son io whom one cries is preceded WJr *;^"- ?^"- ^<^- ^^- ^' ^^ ^^arJ^^ 
 
 most commonly by 1:J^, Ps. 142: 6. ^hin of a man, hence beard, and chin 
 
 22:6. Hos. 7: 14. sometimes by r, 2 Sam. 20: 9. Lev. 13: 29, 30. 19: 
 
 1 Chr. 5: 20. or put in the accus. /* . ''.\ i- c / ^ 
 
 Judg. 12: 2. Neh 9: 28. Also con- ^^' (^'^"^- ^^^ ^'^^^ '' ^^"- ^"^^^ 
 
 strued with an accus. of the thing, beard, chin.) 
 
 besides a dative of the person, Hab. 'JpT , fut. "jPr , to be old. Gen. 18: 
 
 1:2 \Dl2n^^^\i^p:^^t^ {how long) shall W ^^ ' ' 
 
 / cry to thee because of violence ? Hiph. intrans. to wax old. Prov. 
 
 comp. Job 19: 7. In other passages 22: 6. Spoken also of inanimate na- 
 
 the thing concerning which one ture, Job 14: 8. 
 
 cries out is preceded by b5>, Jer. 30: t.^.^ 
 
 15. or by b, Is. 15: 5. Jer. 48:31. iRl' ^' *^"'*- "IP-l ' ^^"^ ^^^Tt.h const. 
 
 Niph. (pass, of Hiph. no. 1.) ^^.p.T ; verbal from 'jpT, dec. V. a. 
 
 1. to be called together. Judg. 18: an' old man. Gen. 24: 2. -"^DpT 
 22,23. Hence ^"'^n, d-^.^i:, biS'lip^ <Ac elders of 
 
 2. to gather together, to assemble Israel, of Egypt, of^ the city , often 
 ones self 1 Sam. 14:20. Judg. 6: for the 'chief men, the magistrates, 
 34, 35. proceres, without reference to their 
 
 Hiph. 1. to call together, to assem- age, Ex. 3: 16. 4: 29. Deut. 19: 12. 
 
 ble. 2 Sam. 20: 4, 5. 21 : 3, 4, 6. 22: 7, 16, 17, 18. The 
 
 2. as m Kal, to call. Jon. 3:7. Job 5 c^ 
 
 35: 9. Construed with an accus. same is true of the Arab. '^Iaw 
 
 Zech. 6: 8. i ^u j i c> * 
 
 .^ and the modern words Signore, 
 
 p^T Chald. to cry. Dan 6: 21. Seigneur, Scnor, (formed from the 
 
 25 
 
lit 
 
 194 
 
 nt 
 
 Lat. sejiior.) Plur. fem. ni3pt Zech. 
 
 8: 4. 
 fj?,T m. verbal from "JJPJ, o/cZ a^e. 
 
 Once Gen. 48: 10. 
 iTlDpT f. verbal from "jpT j dec. X. 
 
 'it/ew. Ps. 71:9,18. Is. 46:4. 
 Q'^^jJT mc. plur. denom. from "jjPT, 
 
 dec! I. idem. GeD.21:2,7. 37:3. 
 
 44: 20. 
 
 Pjj^T ^0 7'a?'Ae w/> (one who is bowed 
 down.) Ps. 145: 14. 146:8. (In Sjr. 
 
 7 
 
 u^^iDl idem.) 
 f|pT Chald. to raise iip^ io suspend ; ap- 
 plied to the suspending of a male- 
 factor on an upright stake. (Syr. 
 
 y 
 
 t,^D\ to crucify,) Ezra. 6: 11. 
 
 pj?.t 1. to pour out. Job 36: 27. 
 
 2. to filter., hence to refi,ne wine. 
 Comp. Pual. 
 
 3. to refine metals. Job 28: 1. 
 Pi. ppt to purify or refine gold. 
 
 Mai. 3: 3'* 
 
 Pu. to be refined., spoken of wine, 
 Is. 25: 6. spoken of metals, 1 Chr. 
 28: 18. 29:4. Ps. 12:7. 
 
 IT m. dec. I. crown., "wreath., border^ 
 e.g. of a table, chest. Ex.25: 11, 
 24,25. 37: 2, 11,26. (Syr. Ij-Il 
 
 a- 
 
 necklace ; Arab, fy^ border^ stripe.) 
 
 ^^^ found only Num. 11 : 20. loath- 
 someness. Vulg. nausea. (This sig- 
 nilication belongs in Arabic to the 
 root 'nnT, rio (med. Je;) which 
 
 shows the i^T" to be a feminine 
 termination for J^ rO 
 
 "IT i.q. Syr. -i:)^l to be straitened. 
 Hence in PuaI,(o be straitened, spob- 
 en of rivers. Once Job 6: 17 n:?2 
 ^il'^p ai the time when they are strait- 
 ened. 
 
 ""IT m. proper name of a valley r 
 brook (bn-.) Num. 21: 12. Deut. 
 2: 13, 14. ~ 
 
 1*]T 1. io scatter, disperse, cast away. 
 Num. 17: 2. [16:37.] Is. 30: 22. 
 
 2. especially to winnow, i. e. Io 
 throw grain against the wind for 
 the purpose of cleansing it, Jer, 4: 
 11. Kuth 3:2i^>-n^^n'^.T i<^ii niX] 
 behold^ he winnowcth upon the 
 threshing-floor. Figuratively to 
 winnow or scatter vanquished ene- 
 mies, Jer.l5:7. Is.41:16. Ezek.5:2. 
 
 Pi. n^l 1. to scatter, frequently 
 to scatter or disperse a people. Lev. 
 26:33. Ezek. 5:10. 6:3. 12:15. 
 30: 26. Prov. 20: 8 the king....by his 
 look scatters every thing evil. Prov. 
 15: 7 the lips of the wise spread abroad 
 knowledge. 
 
 2. to fan or winnow. Prov. 20:26. 
 Hence 
 
 3. to sift or search, eventilare ; 
 and of consequence to know, to un- 
 derstand. Ps. 139: 3 '^'i^l Tl^S* 
 
 : : t T 
 
 n"''^T thou knowest my path and my 
 lying down, ier ome,eventilasti. Oth- 
 ers compare the Arab. tJ^<-> to 
 know. 
 
 Pu. 1. io be scattered. Job 18:15. 
 to be spread, Prov. 1:17. 
 
 2. io be winnowed. Is. 30: 24. 
 
 Niph. to be scattered. Ezek, 6: 3. 
 36: 18. 
 
 Deriv. n'^.ta. 
 
 r'i^^i'^IT a proper name,Zeru66a6eZ, a 
 descendant of David, and leader of 
 the iirst Jewish colony which re- 
 turned from the Babylonish captiv- 
 ity. Ezra 2:2. 3: 2. Hag. 1 : 1. In 
 Greek Zogo^a^eh. 
 
 ^1")T com. gen. but more frequent- 
 ly Tern. Plur. tr TCI. and ni f. al- 
 so m. (Dan. 1 1 : 'l 5, 22.) dec. I. 
 
 1. the arm, in animals the shoulder 
 or fore-leg, (jgayjojv. Num.6: 19, 
 20. Deut. 18:3. (So the Latin ar- 
 mus denotes arm or shoulder of men 
 and animals. Compare our Eng- 
 lish word arm.) By way of emin- 
 ence the forepart of the arm, (see 
 Job 31 : 22. ) hence also in 
 
 Arabic cubitus. ^5!p5 ^"l^t 
 
 ^wbc 5'i'lt ^3*1, to break tHe arm of 
 any' one, 'i.e. to take away his 
 
nnT 
 
 195 
 
 nT 
 
 strength, 1 Sam. 2:31. Job 22 : 9. 
 38:15. Ps. 10:5. 37: 17. 
 
 2. figuratively strength, force. 2 
 Chr.32: 8 "ntoa S^i'i'r human strength. 
 
 T T - ; ^ O 
 
 Is. 17: 5. ^i'lr Ui^'i^ a mighty man, 
 Job 22; 8. m** ""i'ilt <^e siren^rth 
 q/Ziis hands, Gen. 49: 24. Especi- 
 ally a military force^ host, Dan. 1 1 : 
 15,22,31. 
 
 3. help, assistance. Ps. 83: 9. Is. 
 33: 2. 
 
 ^'"1T m. verbal from Piel of y^t , 
 (comp. the form p^isr) dec. I. a 
 sowing, what is sown. Lev. 1 1: 37. 
 Plur. D'^r^^it seed sown. Is. 61:11. 
 
 Pl^T'HT m. found only Ps. 72 : 6. a vio- 
 lent shower. (Root P|^T"i. q. Arab. 
 LJJrO to Jtow ; Syr. jAlSiJi?! rain, 
 
 shower ; Talmud, ^^"'^n '^C'^T'lT aJf- 
 spersio7ies aqum, guttce.) 
 
 "T^PT m. found only Prov. 30 : 31 
 D^Dn^ ^'^I'l! *^^^ girded on the loins, 
 an epithet of the war-horse ; 
 comp. Bocharti Hieroz. T.I. p. 102. 
 and Schultens in locum. ( Root 
 'nJlT i. ({-Nr to surround, to bind ; 
 
 or rA to buckle, to clasp. Comp. al- 
 so the Chald. T'lT to gird. Accord- 
 ing to others, the zebra, as if the 
 ringstreaked on the loins. Accord- 
 ing to some Jewish commentators, 
 the grey 'hound. 
 
 rriT I. to rise; spoken of the sun, 
 Gen. 32:31. Ps.l04: 22.ofthe light, 
 Ps. 112:4. of the majesty of Jeho- 
 vah, Is. 60. 1 : 2. 
 
 2. to break out ; spoken of the 
 leprosy, 2 Chr. 26 : 19. of a child 
 coming from its mother's womb, i.q. 
 n''5, compare the etymologv of 
 rl'^T Gen. 38: 30. 
 
 Deriv. out of course TTltXJ , 
 
 JTIT m. verbal from rTlT, dec. VI. d. 
 
 1 , a rising. Is. 60: 3. 
 
 2. proper name of a son of Judah 
 by his daughter-in-lawTamar.Num. 
 
 26: 20. The derivation of the name 
 is found in Gen. 38: 30. In Greek, 
 Zagci 
 
 D'nT toJlow,iopour out. Construed 
 with an accus. to overflow, to carry 
 
 away, Ps. 90: 5. (Syr. ^^1, Chald- 
 i'lT to flow ; by commuta^lioft with 
 S and ?] ; see i.) 
 
 Po. to pour out. Ps. 77: 1 8. 
 2'nT m. verbal from D'^T, a violent 
 
 rain, a sudden shower. Is. 4: 6.25: 
 2. 28: 4. n'n^ O^t a shower of hail, 
 Is. 28:2. "^^ " 
 iTi'Q")* f. verbal from D'lT, dec. X. 
 
 T . -T ' 
 
 the emission of seed, Ezek. 23: 20. 
 ^1T, fut. i'"ir. 
 
 1. to sow. Judg. 6 : 3. Construed 
 with an accus. of the place sown, 
 Gen. 47:23. Ex. 23: 1(>. with two 
 accusatives, Judg. 9:45 tibl2 ns^^n} 
 and he sowed it with salt. Lev. 19 : 
 19, Also tio'uratively Jer. 31:27. 
 Gen. 1:29 sr^T i?^t i'-ri^ herb yield- 
 ing seed. Figuratively to sow good, 
 evil, for to do good or evil. Job 4: 8, 
 Prov. 22: 8. comp. Ps. 97: 1 1. 
 
 2. to scatter, disperse. Zech. 10:9. 
 
 3. to set out or plant a branch or 
 slip, like the Lat. serere ; constru- 
 ed with two accusatives. Is. 17:10. 
 Hence to plant a nation, to fix it 
 firmly, Hos. 2: 25. [23.] 
 
 JNiph. 1. to be sown. Lev. 11: 
 37. Figuratively Nah. 1 : 14 of thy 
 name, i. e. thy reputation, shall no- 
 thing more be sown, i. e. spread 
 abroad. 
 
 2. to be made fruitful, to conceive, 
 spoken of a woman. Num. 5:28. 
 
 Pu. to be sown. Is. 40: 24. 
 
 Hiph. 1. i.q. Kal. Gen. 1:11. 
 
 2. i.q. Niphal no. 2. to conceive. 
 Lev. 12: 2. 
 
 Deriv. out of course y^i^T , 5?^t^. 
 
 3^'IT m. verbal from y^t, dec. VI. d. 
 
 ' 1. seecZ (of plants.) Gen. 1: 11,12, 
 29. corn, grain in general. Job 39 : 
 12. hQnzQ seed-time, winter. Gen. 8: 
 
196 
 
 i^nn 
 
 22.^LeT.2Q:5. fields of corn, 1 Sam. p^_.^^ ^^^ ^-^^.^ ^ ^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^^^ 
 
 ' 2. ';smm uiri/e. Lev. !5: 16, 18, ^^x. 9: 8. Job 2: 12. 
 32. 19:20. 
 
 3. hence children, posterity ; even 
 in the singular, Gen. 4 : 25. y^it 
 W^^2^ 7nale offspring, 1 Sam. 1:11. 
 
 4. race, tribe, people. ^b72il y^t, 
 n^bXJJ^n, the royal family, 2 K. 11: 
 
 2. to sprinkle^ as water, blood. 
 Ex. 24: 6. 29: 16, 20. Figuratively 
 Hos. 7: 9 il i^i^^I 5rin'^ir-C5 etian* 
 canities ei sparsa est ; Snp'lT must 
 here be taken intransitively. So 
 Propertius, iii. 4. 24. 
 
 Pu. p*nt pass. Num. 19: 13, 20. 
 1,14. D*'i''^72 ^'Tr a race of evil do- ^^^ 
 
 . -. \" ' "'' II' found only in Po. "nlTT to sneeze. 
 
 ^^*' 2\. 4: 35. So the Rabbins explain 
 
 5?"1T Chald. idem. Dan. 2:43. In He- it. In Chaldaic we find ^'''IT a 
 
 brew, Num. 11: 7. sneezing. \u\g. oscitavit. 
 
 fi^'^nt and n'^Di^'lT food from the ^^^ aspan.Ex.^Q: 16. 39:9. 1 Sam- 
 vegetable kingdom, vegetables. Dan. l"/: 4. (Aram. Z^l, U^l, iND^Ut^aw.) 
 1: 12, 16. (In Chald. and Talmud. Prob. from J-j'nT which signifies to 
 more frequent. Syr. f Ja:^^! idem. ) 'P'''^^ ^"^' ^"^^e nt (for Ji-).T,) fera. 
 
 The name Heth n'^ri probably sig- 
 nifies a hedge, wall, (from the Arab. 
 
 Ti ^ 
 
 dV.^, Syr. -.^a^ <o surround, to 
 hedge in;) and refers to its figure 
 in the Phenician alphabet &, which 
 is in some measure retained in the 
 Greek H. 
 
 In Arabic we find two letters 
 corresponding to the Hebrew Heth; 
 namely, ^ Hha, a strong aspirate 
 or double h, and ^ Kha, sounded 
 
 like the Swiss ch or Span. j. This 
 diversity of sound probably exist- 
 ed in the Hebrew, when it was a 
 living language ; at least, several 
 roots have different significations 
 according as their n corresponds to 
 an Arab. ^ or r^ ; comp. the ar- 
 ticles bi^ nos. 1. and III. -icn 
 nos. I. and II. But these two sounds 
 ^ and rr, on account of their gen- 
 
 eral resemblnnce, are sometimes 
 commuted for each other; e.g. 
 ni^ to kill ; comp. '^'L^Op and 
 ^TA3p to break or bruise in pieces. 
 
 !^n m. with suff. 'zJl, dec.VllI.d. bos- 
 om. Job 31: 33. '(In Chald. iSSin , 
 ixn^n, Nsn idem.) 
 
 fi^DJl in Kal not used. (Arab. Wa- to 
 
 / / 
 
 hide, conceal ; also va^ conj. X. to 
 hide one's self) 
 
 Niph. to be concealed, to conceal 
 one^s self; construed with 2 and bN 
 of the place. Josh. 10: 16. I'Sam.lO: 
 22. Job 29: 8 ^MsnS'l t]''^5?3 "^31^^ 
 the young men saw me and hid them" 
 selves, i. e. retired, verse 10 "h'^p 
 ilNanS tl'^T^ilD the voice of nobles hid 
 
 itself, i.e. it was restrained. Gen.31: 
 27 n'nib t^NSsm m^b wherefore 
 didst thouflee away secretly ? (comp. 
 lavd-avoD construed with a partici- 
 pie.) 
 
b^n 
 
 197 
 
 b^U 
 
 Pa. to creep away. Job 24: 4. 
 
 Hiph. i^'^zniTT to hide^conceaL Josh. 
 6:17,25. ' ' ' 
 
 Hoph. pass. Is. 42: 22. 
 
 Hithpa. to hide one^s self. 1 Sam. 
 14: 11. 
 
 Deri?, tiin^g, Niin^. 
 
 ^iin to love. Once Deut. 33: 3. (In 
 
 Arab, v..^^^, Aram. <r^>j , .*~^r>^, 
 
 and i2lr> idem.) 
 nnn i. q. Nin io Mc one's self. Im- 
 
 per. "^nn, Is. 26: 20. Infin. Niph. 
 
 nnnn," IK. 22:25. 2K. 7: 12. 
 Deriv. ]i*'nn. 
 HPllin f. Chald. /aw/r, mme. Dan. 
 
 6: 23. comp. the root Jrin Neh. 
 
 1:7. 
 
 "niiSn Ghaboras, the proper name of 
 a river in Mesopotamia, which ris- 
 es in mount Masius and empties in- 
 to the Euphrates at Circesium. 2 
 K. 17: 6. 18: 11. 1 Chr: 5:26. Arab. 
 jT^^v^. Otherwise written "ms 
 (q. V.) 
 
 STTianand riiiDn (is. 53: 5.) r. 
 
 dec. X. wound., bruise^ scar. Gen. 4: 
 23. Is. 1: 6. 53: 5. Especially ariin- 
 ning sore^ Ps. 38: 6. 
 
 I^^^n, fut. Dsn: 
 
 1. to beat off with a stick, as fruit 
 from a tree." Deut. 24: 20. Is. 27 : 
 12. 
 
 2. to beat out grain with a stick. 
 Judg. 6: 11. Ruth 2: 17. 
 
 Niph. pass. Is. 28:27. 
 
 Il'^^n m. verbal from n^in , dec. I. 
 
 covering. Hab. 3: 4. 
 I* r^n l.i.q.Arab. VaJ^ to corrupt^ 
 injure., destroy. See Fiel. 
 
 2. to be mad., foolish. Hence in 
 Hebrew, to act foolishly or wickedly., 
 Job 34: 31 biriN i^b / 'sdHI no more 
 act wickedly. Construed with ";:, 
 Neh. 1: 7. (with ^5, Job 24:9.?) ' 
 
 Niph. to be destroyed^ to perish. 
 Prov. 13: 13. 
 
 Pi. to destroy. Ecc. 5: 5. Used in 
 reference to persons, Is. 32: 7. or 
 to countries, namely, to lay them 
 waste, Is. 13: 5. 54: 16. Mic. 2: 10. 
 
 Pu. pass. Job 17: 1 tlV^t? "^n^*! 
 my breath, i. e. my life, is destroyed. 
 Is.^10: 27. 
 
 II. *^nn, fut. Van:, often bsnn. 
 
 i)b2n^ (Arab. jWi^ conj. IV. to 
 Ze?i(?; j_W^ interest, usury ; Syr. 
 
 P -A 
 
 poa>j, Chald. i<:jl:1SJl usury.) 
 
 1. ro take a pledge o/any one, ^0 
 bind him 6?/ a pledge; construed 
 with an accusative of the person. 
 Job 22: 6. Prov. 20: 16. 27: 13. 
 
 2. to take any thing as a pledge, 
 construed with an accus.of thething. 
 Deut. 24:6,17. Ex. 22: 24. Job 24: 
 3. Perhaps construed with b^% Job 
 24: 9. But others render bin in 
 this passage, to chain, (after no. 
 III.) Also see above no. I. Part. 
 b^^n taken as a pledge, Am. 2: 8. 
 
 Deriv. biiln. 
 III. ^nn i.q. Arab. JaC^. 
 
 1. to tie with a cord, to twist, to 
 bind. Deriv. b^.H. 
 
 2. to experience pain, torture, 
 (comp. the Lat. tormentum, tortor, 
 from torquere.) Zech. 1 1:7,14. De- 
 riv. bi.n. 
 
 Pi. to bring forth with pain, to be 
 in labour. Cant. 8: 5. Ps. 7: 15. 
 
 k 
 
 ^yri Chald. Pa. 1. ro injure, hurt. Dan.. 
 
 6:*23. 
 
 2. to destroy, to overturn. Dan. 4: 
 20. [23.] Ezra. 6:12. 
 
 Ithpa. to be destroyed, to perish ; 
 spoken of a kingdom. Dan. 2: 44. 
 6:27. 7: 14. 
 
 Deriv. nb^i^i. 
 
 ^Dn (Is. 66: 7.) usually in the plur. 
 d^b^n , const, 'bill, verbal from 
 bin no. III. 2. dec. VI. j. pains or 
 throes of a woman in childbirth, 
 Mveg. Is. 13:8. Jer. 13:21. 22: 
 23 d'^^in ^b~i^i2 when pangs come 
 
s:in 
 
 198 
 
 inn 
 
 iipon thee. Is. 66: 7. Hos. 13: 13. 
 Job 39: 3 SlDnVuJn dJl'^bnn {^hen) 
 they are delivered of their pains^ 
 i.e. of their young. Spoken of pain 
 generally, once Job 21: 16. 
 
 /Dn m. (once fem. Zeph. 2: 6.) with 
 suflf. "'^nrt, Plur. a^bsn, const, "^bsn 
 and ^'blsni verbal from ^^n no. III. 
 1. dec. VI. a. and k. 
 
 1. line, rope, cord. Josh. 2 : 15. 
 Ecc. 12:6 iq^.Sn ^:^ri the silver 
 
 cord. 
 
 2. especially a measuring-line. 
 Am. 7: 17. 2 Sam. 8: 2. Hence 
 
 3. a portion of land measured out 
 and assigned to any one by lot. Josh. 
 17:14. 19:9. Heuce an inheritance, 
 possession, Ps. 16 : 6. :il:D3 &i^ltn 
 "^^"^i'lS "^b fny inheritance has fal- 
 len to me in a pleasant country. Deut. 
 32: 9 in^nD b!3t^ ips?^ Jacob is his 
 possession. 
 
 4. a district of country, a region. 
 Deut. 3:4. 13: 14. 
 
 5. a snare, net. Ps. 140:6. Job 
 18: 10. bii^V, nyj "^bin the snares 
 of death, of hadcs^ Ps. 18 : 5,6. 
 1 16: 3. 
 
 6. a band or company of men. 1 
 Sam. 10: 5, 10. 
 
 ^-H m. verbal from ^nn no. II. a 
 pawn, pledge. Ezck. 18: 12, 16. 33: 
 15. 
 
 n^nn fem. of Vnn , idem. Ezek. 
 
 18: 7. 
 PDH m. Chald. hurt, injury. Dan. 3: 
 
 25*. 
 ^Dn m. Chald. injury. Ezra 4: 22. 
 
 r?n m. found only Prov. 23: 34. a 
 part of a ship, probably the mast, 
 so called from the ropes (!:nin,) by 
 which it is made fast. Others : the 
 
 rudder. 
 
 r ^,n m. (denom. from ':pyn a rope ;) 
 a shipman, seaman. Jon. 1: 6. Ezek. 
 
 27: 8,27.-29. Comp. ni!:znn. 
 
 n'plSnn f. Cant. 2:1. Is. 35: 1. name 
 
 of a flower, according to the ancient 
 versions a lily, or a narcissus. See 
 Celsii Hierobotan. T. I. p. 488. 
 
 .P P 7 7 
 
 The corresponding Syr. | Aa-^^^^-w 
 signifies i.q. the Greek Iq^Vi^itQov , 
 meadow-saffron, {colchicum autuni" 
 nale, Linn.) 
 
 pinn, more frequently in Pi. psn. 
 
 1. to embrace, twine round. Con- 
 strued with an accus. Ecc. 3: 5. 2K. 
 4: 16. with \ , Gen. 29: 13. \48: 10. 
 nin'i:N, S^2 !)p2r| </tei/ embrace 
 the rock, the dunghill, a proverbial 
 phrase for they lie on the rock, or 
 on the dunghill. Job 24:8. Lam. 4.5. 
 
 2. d';']^ pdtl to fold the hands, 
 spoken of the idler. Ecc. 4: 5. 
 
 p!pn m. verbal from Piel of pin, 
 dec. I. the folding of tlie hands, 
 spoken of the sluggard. Prov. 6:10. 
 24: 33. 
 
 p'lpDH m. {embracing, after the form 
 *lT1i?d,) Ha6a^/i;HA:, proper name of 
 a prophet. In the Sept. *^^ia~ 
 y.ov^i, as if derived from the punctu- 
 ation p^psn and a corruption of k 
 into ^(. 
 
 1 n 1. to be joined or hound togeth- 
 er. Ex. 26: 3. Also to be confederat- 
 ed, spoken of nations, Gen. 14:3 -^3 
 t!->Ti)ri p52.5? Vn ^"lin Sl!?.N all these 
 were confederated{and came)tothe val- 
 ley of Siddim. comp. Hos. 4:17 
 D"'2j2i'* ^^itl confederated with idols. 
 2." 'inn ^in to exercise magic, 
 namely, by means of certain magi- 
 cal knots to bind some (distant) ob- 
 ject. Perhaps more particularly 
 the charming of po'^sonous serpents. 
 Deut. 18: \\. Ps. 58: 6. (The ideas 
 of binding and magic arc united in 
 several languages : comp.the Greek 
 ^DcradeG^iog ; L^tfascinare, ligare li- 
 gulam ; and Germ. JVesteln kniipfen. 
 Others derive the idea to exercise 
 magic from the Arab, z^^" to ^c 
 
 wise; but it appears from Deut. 
 18: 11. that a particular species of 
 magic is intended.) 
 
nnn 
 
 199 nnrt 
 
 p'n^n proper name of an ancient 
 
 city in the tribe of Judah, also call- 
 ed i?2^.i-n:i")p.. Gen. 13: 18. 14: 
 13. 23 : 2. afterwards the royal 
 residence of David for seven years, 
 2 Sam. 2: 1. 5: 5. 
 
 Pi. isn to bind, join. Ex. 26 : 6 
 if. 2 Chf. *20: 36. 
 
 Pu. lan pass. Ex, 28: 7. Ps. 94: 
 20 r\')^'n ND5 ^l.rin^!! shall the 
 throne of wickedness be joined with 
 thee ? i.e. shall it have fellowship 
 with thee ? 
 
 Hithpa. to join one's self. 2 Chr. niDH fern, of -jraln, dec. XIII. c./e- 
 
 20:35,37. Dan. 11 : 6. In verse '' ""v m i o ii 
 
 oo ti c-^ fi r male cornvamon. Wife. M.m.2: 14. 
 
 23, the byriac mnnitive form . ' -^ 
 
 rn'iarin;! occurs as a noun, ^'^.?.^ ^- verbal from 'l^H , joining, 
 
 Hiph. to bind, join, perhaps in an place of joining. Ex.26: 4: 10. 
 
 artilicial manner. Job 16:4 n^T'sriN m;^}-, . ^ -^^ . ^ ^t k cc 
 
 ^ . , r ,, . . - ,:- u JM, fut. iD^n-t, once^an"' (Job 5: 
 
 & 5?3a Ul:)'^^S> I could join together " -' " '- ' 
 
 words against you, i. e. compose ar- 
 tificial speeches against you. (The 
 prefix a appears superfluous,) 
 
 Deriv. out of course n'nanx: , 
 niian?3. 
 
 l^n m. Job 40: '30. [41: 6.] verbal 
 from ^an, dec. I. usually rendered 
 a companion; perhaps a sorcerer, ma- 
 gician. Syr. Ii.ii>^. Comp. ln^3 
 no. III. 
 
 "y^yi m. verbal from ^^an, dec. V. b. 
 associate, companion. Cant. 1:7. 8: 
 13. Judg. 20:11 d'^^mn nriN t-'ti^ 
 all associated together. Ps. 119: 63. 
 
 "I^n m. Chald. idem. Dan. 2: 13, 17, 
 18.* 
 
 *ll?n m. verbal from ^an, dec.VI.k. 
 
 1 . company, society. Ho9. 6: 9. 
 Prov. 21:9 ^ati n^a a house of 
 company, i.e. a common house. 25: 
 24. 
 
 2. magic, enchantment. Is. 47: 9, 
 12. 
 
 ni'l^'I^D. fem. plur. dec. I. the va- 
 riegated spots (of the leopard.) 
 
 18.) 
 
 1 . to bind, to bind on, to bind about. 
 Ezek. 27: 24. particularly to bind 
 on a turban, Ex. 29: 9. Lev. 8: 13. 
 Jon. 2: 6 "^'25^^^ "-^^^n ^^"0 the sea- 
 reed is bound about my head, i. e. it 
 composes ray turban. Ezek. 16: 10 
 ^JJa ^"vZiatlfi^^.] / bound thee {thy head) 
 
 about with fine cotton. 
 
 2. to bind up (a wound.) Job 5: 
 18. Is. 3:7. 30:26. Construed with 
 ^, (comp. \ NS^,) Ezek. 34 : 4, 16. 
 Is. 61: 1. ' 
 
 3. to saddle, construed with an 
 accus. Gen. 22 : 3. Num. 22 : 21. 
 Judg. 19:11. 2 Sam. 17:23. 
 
 4. to bind up, to close, cover. Job 
 40: 13 l^^iaa 'iJian S!!''? cover 
 their face in darkness. See Pi. no. 2. 
 
 5. to exercise power, to rule, im- 
 perio coercere. Job 34:17 ^pitJ J^NH 
 ^ajl^ t22"vi;73 can also he that hatetk 
 righteousness exercise power ? (Comp> 
 'iSy to rule, 1 Sara. 9: 17.) 
 
 Pi. I. to bind up, construed with 
 ^. Ps. 147:3. 
 
 2. to bind, to stop, restrain ; spok- 
 en of the miner who stops the ooz- 
 ing of water in the shaft. Job 28: 
 11 '^ran mnn3 "'laaTa he stops the 
 
 streams from trickling down. 
 
 Pu. to be bound up. Is.l: 6. Ezek. 
 30:21. 
 
 Jer. 13: 23. (Arab, f^^^ mark, spot, 
 
 colour.) 
 JllDn fem. of "nan, Chald. a female 
 
 companion, hence, (like n^S''!,) the D'^riDH masc. plur. pan5. 1 Chr. 9: 
 
 other. Dan. 7:20. 31. Comp. nin. Root perhaps 
 
 jTl^n fem. of lan, company, society. ;^a&. to be low, spoken of a field ; 
 
 Joi) 34:8. 
 
^m 
 
 200 
 
 i:;n 
 
 hence shallow pans. According to -^'^^j-j j.,.erbal from ^:;n, dec. Ill.a. 
 
 others, pastry. -^ . ^ - '' 
 
 ^^ '^ ^ 1. a girdle. 1 Sam. 18:4. 
 
 -^n, const. 5n, with suff. \>\n, dec. 2. as an adj. i. q. --^yn gircZct/, 
 
 Vin. a. clothed. ^TTJl "i^r^n eirrfecZ u^</^ a 
 
 I. a feast, festival Ex AO: 9. 12: ,v^/e comn* 2 K 3- 21 > 
 
 at'fl/, Ley. 23:39^ Deut. 16: 10. In ^^ll^n fern, of ^i:in, dec. X. 
 the Talmudical writers it denotes 1. a girdle. 2 Sam. 18: 11. 
 
 by way of eminence, i^e/ea^f o/ra6- 2. an apron. Gen. 3: 7. 
 
 crnaoles; so 2 Chr.5:3.C0Dip. 1 K.8:2 iJH {festive, from W and the tern.in- 
 2 by a metonymy (Ac /.W -.;^^^^ ; ,_: ^ ^ ,f,g 
 
 5acn/c., cam. Ps. 1 18: 27 --,Di p,, ^J f "^ p^,p,,|f 'g^pj, 
 
 Cnn^'s 5h fcinc^ ^Ae victim with \Jyya7og. Hag. 1:1. 
 cords/~E%. 23: 18 "5n n^n the fat of ...^ ,, , . 
 
 .-. iiT , o' "^ " \., . t '^'^' *'^t. ^.nn:- 1. to gird, to gird up, 
 my sacrifice. Mai. 2: 3. comp. TJ'\72 ^ - i> ' & / ' 
 
 2 Chr. 30: 22. 
 i^!^n i. q. Ji-^ln (which is also found in 
 several MSS.) fear, trembling. Is. 
 ][9: 17. Root S^tl perhaps ^j 6eg2t/- 
 c/</ or <o tremble (^through fear,) to 
 he afraid) comp. ^siJl. 
 
 ^n m. dec. IV. c. the locust. Accord- 
 
 T X 
 
 ing to Lev. 11: 22. a winged and 
 eatable species of this insect. Num. 
 13:33. Is. 40:22. 
 
 rOn (kindred with yr\fO to move round 
 in a circle. Hence 
 
 1. to dance. 1 Sam. 30: 16. 
 
 2. to keep or celebrate a feast, 
 namely, by dancing. Ex 5: 1. Lev. 
 23:41. Num. 29: 12. Ps. 42:5 
 ^^in "^'11271 the multitude keeping a 
 
 hohjday. (Syr. i,^ 
 
 tyv^ idem; 
 
 Arab, pp-^ to make a pilgrimage or 
 
 to march in procession on a festival.) 
 3. to he giddy, to stagger, spoken 
 of a drunkard. Ps. 107: 27. 
 
 t^'^lOT, masc. plur. i'^D^t '2^n the 
 heights, cliffs of the rocks^ or the re- 
 fuges among the rocks. Cant. 2: 14. 
 'Obad. 3. Jer. 49: 16. (In Arab. 
 
 VrcTIih. Corfu git, refugit ; and 
 
 rl ^ *^ ^ 
 
 ^yjszicsz'l/c refugii locus, asylum ; 
 but on the contrary Syr. is^f^, 
 }yw>i a precipice, steep cliff.) 
 
 to gird on. It is construed (1.) with 
 an accus. of the part girded, Prov. 
 
 31: 17 !rT'in73 tiyi H^^n she gird' 
 eth her loins with strength. 2 K. 4:29. 
 9:l.(2.)withan accus. of the garment 
 or girdle, (comp. 11:3^,) as 'n^n 
 li^nlriTlfijf to gird on the sword ^ 
 1 Sam. 17- 39. 25: 13. Ps. 45 : 4. 
 pP '^^T} to gird on sackcloth, Is.] b: 
 3. Jer. 49: 3. Part. act. 2 K. 3:21 
 ^^^t^. '^?h"^573/rom all who gird- 
 ed on the girdle, i. e. who were ca- 
 pable of bearing arms. Ptirt. pass. 
 m'SiS: "^^^Tl girded or clothed with an 
 ephod, 1 Sam. 2:18. Also put in the 
 const, state, Joel 1:8 pipTi'l^:;^ 
 girded with sackcloth. Elliptically 
 Joel 1: 13 !i'i5n girci yourselves,'\.e. 
 gird on sackcloth. 2 Sam. 21 : 16 
 n^^n n^:in N^im and he was gird- 
 
 T X -; X : " 
 
 ed with a new [sword.) Met- 
 aphorically Ps. 65 : 13 ni^'SiJ "::^5 
 *-jD'ni(llP! the hills gird onjoy. (comp. 
 Ps.G5: 14.) Ps. 76: 11. (3.) with a 
 double accus. of the person and gir- 
 dle, Ex. 29 : 9. Lev. 8: 13. Also 
 with 2 of the girdle, Lev. 8 : 7. 
 
 16:4. 
 
 2. to gird one''s self Ezek. 44:18. 
 IK.20: 11. Here likewise we 
 may place, (if the reading is cor- 
 rect,) 2 Sam. 22 : 46 ^."l^^n^"] 
 Dm'^.\p72>3 and they gird themselves 
 {and go) out of their citadels ; or 
 according to Syriac usage, they hob- 
 
nin 
 
 201 
 
 Vin 
 
 We/or(A, comp. Mic.7: 17. H09. ah'7|':]n masc. plur. dec. I. Job 
 
 ' oVriv. -,150, n^ina. "'l: 22. [30.] pohus ; hence ^t"r 
 
 T . -.- 'iD'nti" s/id^p potsherds, spoken oi 
 
 in, fern. N'ln and !T^t^ , Chald. ^j^^' g^^j^g ^^ ^^^ crocodile ; comp. 
 
 1. one, i. q. Heb. infi$. (See wN.) ^lian. Hist. Anim. x. 24. 
 Sometimes used for ^the indefinite k-H^i-i ^ , , r i i v 
 article, a, an, Dan. 2: 31 nn Db^ an ' ^) i^- ^'^^^^^^^ ^^""^ -IH "-^-^^^- ^ 
 ma^.. 6: 18. Ezra 4: 8. " " ' W' ^^^^^^- ^ Chr.16 : 27. Neh. 8: 
 
 2. </ie jim. Dan. 7: 1. 1^- 
 
 3. when used before numerals, iTlin f. Chald. idem. Ezra 6: 16. 
 tinies, Lat. ijice*. Dan. 3:19 -in i-iJL'i-.* ^ . ,, , 
 "^ !:? ii:?n-;j ^ez^en ^ime* more than. >^ t^ P^oper name of a city of the 
 /o *u ' o ^ \ y-^*-,.^ ^4 *h. Benjamites, situated on a mounr 
 (So the Syr. ,^.)-11^rp, at the ^^j^^ Ezra 2:33. Neh. 7: 37. 11:34. 
 same time, together, i, q. Heb. ini$^, Jq i ^ac. 12: 38, it is called 'AdM, 
 Dan. 2:35. in one occurs once Comp. Josephus J. A. in. 11. 
 
 also in Hebrew,"Ezek. 33: 30. -^'^p plur. Chald. breast, i. q. Heb. 
 
 *in , fem. JT^n, verbal adj. from Tin, ^^n. Dan.2:32. (In the Targums we 
 dec. VIII. h. sharp, spoken of the fmd the singular inn.) 
 
 sword. Ezek. 
 6:4. 
 
 5: 1. Ps. 57: 5. Pro v. 
 
 b-n 
 
 lln 1. to he sharp, i. q. Arab. <-\3. 
 
 (f5t. I.) 
 
 2. to be swift, nimble. Hab. 1 : 8. 
 (Several words denoting sharpness 
 have this signification ; comp. in 
 Greek, 6'evg, '&o6g ; in Lat. acer ; 
 
 7 
 
 in Syr. t-Sj-w.) Others : to be sharp- 
 sighted. Comp. V"^n. 
 
 Hoph. pass. Ezi 21: 14, 15, 16. 
 [21:9, 10, 11.] 
 
 Deriv. nn. 
 
 I. ilin, fut. apoc. in'', to rejoice, 
 Ex.'l8:9. Job 3: 6 ^73^2 -tin^ i^N 
 rtj'O let it not rejoice among the days 
 of the year. 
 
 Pi. to make serene or joyful. Ps. 
 21:7. 
 
 Deriv. Jiinn. 
 
 II. nin i. q. "inn to be or become 
 sharp. 
 
 Hiph. to sharpen. Pro v. 27: 17 
 
 ins^n iro/i becomes sharp on iron, so 
 one man sharpens the countenance of 
 another, nn^ in the former part of 
 the verse is "the fut. apoc. of Kal; 
 in the latter part, the fut. apoc. of 
 Hiphil. 
 
 26 
 
 and r iH, fut. b'^rI^ 1. to 
 cease, desist, leave off, (from doing 
 any thing.) Am. 7 : 5. Construed 
 with an infin. is. 1 : 16. especially 
 with b and an infin. Gen. 11:8. 41: 
 49. iSam. 12: 23. With an accus. 
 of the noun, Job 3:17. Spoken al- 
 so of the thing desisted from, Ex. 9: 
 34 ^^072- bin the rain ceased, vers- 
 es 29,^33. Is. 24:8. 
 
 2. to omit, to forbear, not to do. 1 
 K.22:6, 15 b-H: QwX ^bsn sWZ 
 we go,... .or shall we omit it ? Ezek. 
 2: 5. Jer. 40: 4. Construed with ^ 
 and an infinitive, Num. 9:13. Deut. 
 23: 23. 
 
 3. to quit, let alone, desert, give 
 up, leave off; (1.) construed with 
 1X3 of the person, Ex. 14 : 2 btltl 
 ^imp let us alone. Job 7: 16. 19: 14 
 t^TIP ^b^T my kinsfolk desert me. 
 In a different sense 2 Chr. 35: 21 
 
 from God, who is with me, i. e. 
 be afraid of him. Is. 2 : 22. (2.) 
 with 1?3 of the thing, 1 Sam. 9: 5. 
 
 Prov. 23: 4. Ps. 49 : 9 he gives it 
 up forever. With an accus. of the 
 thing, Judg. 9 : 9 ff, (3.) with -ja 
 and an infin. of the action. 1 K. 15: 
 
mn 
 
 202 
 
 ttnn 
 
 21 he left off building. Hence to 
 avoid doing any thing, Ex. 23: 5. 
 
 4. to he idle^ to rest^ to keep holy- 
 day. 1 Sam. 2: 5. Job 14:6. Judg. 
 5 : 6 nin*JN;. nb^rj the highwmjs 
 were idle^ i.e. deserted; (comp. Is. 
 33: 8.) 
 
 5. to cease to fee, to fail^ to be 
 wanting. Deut. 15 : 11 h'jn'^. i<b 
 'li'^iiN the poor shall not fail. Jiidg.5: 
 7. Job 14:7. 
 
 Note. The imperative r'lri is 
 con'trned with a dative of the pro- 
 noun, ^b , DDb, ii Chr. 25: 16. 35: 
 21. Is. 2\22. " 
 
 ^'^.'^ verbal adj. from bt^ri, dec. V. b. 
 
 1. one who forbears. Ezek. 3:27. 
 
 2. frail., transitory. Ps. 39: 5. 
 
 3. D "'**!;'' i^^bltl forsaken by men. 
 Is:63:3.'comp."j'ob 19: 14. 
 
 /'l.n. en- verbal from b'lt], p^ace of 
 rest., regions of the dead^ hades. Is. 
 38: 1 1. See b^n no, 4. and comp. 
 
 p'ln Mic. 7: 4. and p^H Prov. 15: 
 1 9. a species of thorn or thorn-bush. 
 Arab. ^^CV^ a thorn-bush of Phe- 
 nicia, perhaps solanum insanum, 
 Linn. 
 
 <^P'^[^ the river Tigris. Gen. 2: 14. 
 Dan. 10:4. Aram, n^^^"^, A^c? . 
 
 Arab. 'i\c^O. 
 
 "I'ln found only Ezek. 21 : 19 n^n 
 aiib n'l'l'n" usually rendered (as 
 ifadenom. from 'I'ltl,) which pene- 
 trates into their inward parts. Better 
 according to the ancient versions, 
 which terrifies them, i. q. n'^n'^ by 
 transposition. According to the Syr- 
 idc usage, to surround in a hostile 
 manner, 
 
 *n7.n. ra. const, ^^n, with suff. i^'in; 
 Plur. C^nn, const, ""-iin ; dec. VI. 
 
 a. and k. (In Arab. jv<-X^ a curtain 
 
 which separates the inner part of a 
 tent from the outer.) 
 
 1. the inner apartment or cham^ 
 ber of a tent or house. Gen. 34 : 
 30. Judg. 16 : 9, 12. whether a 
 bed-chamber^ 2 Sam. 4:7. 13: 10. 
 womanh chamber.^ Cant: 3: 4. bride- 
 chamber^ Judg. 15: 1. Joel 2: 16. or 
 store-chamber., Prov. 24: 4. 
 
 2. figuratively 'j^an ^nnrt Job 9: 
 d.the remotest south., penetralia austri; 
 (comp. "jicis *n^^!!0 ^so without 
 iT^n in the same sense, 37: 9. But 
 perhaps in these two passages it 
 means the chambers or storehouses of j 
 the south ziyiHoi. jtDin-'^n^n the inner' | 
 most parts of the belly., Prov. 18: 8. 
 
 26: 22. n?;72-''n^ri the chambers of 
 hades, Prov. 7: 27. 
 
 ^"n itl Zech. 9: 1. anciently a great 
 city, east of Damascus, giving 
 name to the surrounding country. 
 See Michaelis Supplem. p. 676. and 
 Ugolini Thes. T.VIl. no. 20. 
 
 ffiin to be new. In Kal not used. 
 
 T 
 
 Pi. to renew., make new. Job 10: 
 17. Ps. 51: 12. especially to rebuild 
 or repair cities, buildings. Is. 61: 4. 
 2 Chr. 24:4. 
 
 Hithpa. to renew one''s self. Ps. 
 103:5. 
 
 ID'lT} verbal adj. from ui'in, dec. IV. 
 c. new, in all its various significa- 
 tions. Fresh, recens, (antith. "J^^ ,) 
 Lev. 26: 10. ncoy, unheard ofEcc. 
 1: 9, 10. inUJin somelhing new, Is. 
 43: 19. Plur. niuj'in new things. Is. 
 42:9. 
 
 t237.n m. verbal from *i:'in, dec. VLm. 
 
 1. the new-moon, the first day on 
 which the moon is visible, kept 
 by the Israelites as a festival. Num. 
 29: 6. 1 Sam. 20:5, 18, 24. Ex. 19: 
 1 '^i2i'^b'4i^!j 'ijl.n? on the first day of 
 the third month, tertiis calendis. 
 Hos. 5: 7 'iinh D?^^'> rrriy now shall 
 the new-moon consume you, i. e. ye 
 shall be consumed on the new 
 moon. 
 
 2. amonth, which the Hebrews 
 began with the new moon. Gen. 7: 
 11, etc. 0^72"* u;in a month long, 
 
iin 
 
 203 
 
 '^m 
 
 a whole month^ (see d*^^^,) Gen. 29: 
 14. Num. 11:20,21. 
 riin. adj. Chald. new. Ezra 6: 4. 
 
 ^^^n'see t\yi. 
 
 n'ln <o 6e ffMi%, to otwc, <o transgress^ TVlTi m. dec. I. a. And VI. a. 
 
 moveable tents, encampments o/'ooan- 
 dering shepherds. Num.32:41. Deut. 
 3: 14. Josh. 13: 30. Comp. n^n no. 
 
 4. (Root Arab. lS^^ to collect^ as- 
 semble.) 
 
 as in Aram, and Arab. 
 
 Pi. ^'f^n to make guilty, to cause to 
 
 owe. Dan. 1: 10. 
 
 Iliin m. verbal from n^n, debt. Ezek. 
 
 18:7. 
 flDin proper name of a place north 
 
 of Damascus. Once Gen. 14: 15. 
 
 comp. JCto/?a .Tudith 4:4. 15:4. 
 
 ^^n to draw a circle, to measure with a 
 compass. Job 26: 10. Deriv. out of 
 course Tl^^H'D. 
 
 ^in m. verbal from aw, circle, arch ; 
 
 1. a thorn, thorn-bush. Job 31:40. 
 Prov.26:9. 2 K. 14:9. Plur. D"'nTn 
 Cant. 2: 2. and D'Tiin I Sam. 13:6- 
 thorn-bushes. 
 
 2. i. q. nn a hook, or perhaps 
 ring, such as' was put through the 
 nose of great fishes, to let them 
 down again into the water. Job 40: 
 26. [41 : 2.] Comp. Oedmann's 
 verm. Sammlungen aus der Natur- 
 kunde, Th. v. p. 5. 
 
 3. a similar instrument used for 
 the contining of prisoners. 2Chr. 
 33: 11. comp. Am. 4: 2. 
 
 spoken of the arch of heaven, Prov. ...w^ , . , 
 
 8- 27. Job 22: 14.of the circle of the ^^H Chald. to sew together. Aph. to 
 earth, Is. 40: 22. ^ ''^P^**' (a wall.) Ezra 4: 12. 
 
 I^n denom. from nn-n, (like bt72 '^^Hm. (comp. Chald. t:^ to sew to- 
 from b-2),) always joined with ^'V a thread. Ecc.4:12. Used pro- 
 verbially Gen. 14 : 23 1^") DilH^ 
 b?5 ^Tl'45 from a thread even to a 
 shoe-latchet, i. e. not the least thing. 
 So the Latins, ne hilum (i.q. filum) 
 quidem, not even a thread ; whence 
 nihil. 
 
 2. a line, cord. Josh. 2: 18. 
 
 3. a band, fillet. Cant. 4 : 3. 
 
 1. to propose a riddle. Judg. 14: 
 12 ff. 
 
 2. to propose an allegory. Ezek. 
 17: 2. 
 
 mn found only in Piel njn, in poetry, 
 i.q. T'Sn, to show, declare. Job 32 : 
 10, 17. Construed with an accus. of 
 
 the person. Job 32:6. with suff. 15: ,^^ ^ ,^ ^^^ ^..^. ^ ^^^_ 
 
 17. 36: 2 but likewise with a da- ;^^ttish tribe at the foot of mount 
 tive, rs. Id. 3. Hermon, Josh. 11:3. also in mount 
 
 n'ln or ^in, Pa. N^in Chald. idem. Lebanon, Judg. 3: 3. 
 ban. 2: 11. Construed with ^ of the H^-^in a proper name. 1. two dis- 
 person, 2: 24. with an accus. 5: 7. tricts in Yemen, the one inhabited 
 
 Aph. idem. Construed with r, 
 Dan. 2: 16, 24, 27. with an accus. 
 2: 6, 9. (In Syr. idem. In Arab, by 
 transposition Cs^^') 
 
 n'^n f. proper name of the first wo- 
 man. Gen. 3: 20. 4:1. In the first 
 passage it is explained as if synon- 
 ymous with n*n life. Sept. Uva, 
 (comp. "^in I^vouog.) Vulg. Eva, 
 
 min plur. fem. dec. X. villages of 
 
 by Hamites, Gen. 10:7. and the 
 other by Shemites, verse 29. 
 comp. 25: 18. 1 Sam. 15: 7. (Prob- 
 ably the districts now called 
 
 ^^^' see Niebuhr's Description 
 de I'Arabie.) 
 
 2. Gen. 2: 11. Havilah, a gold 
 country, perhaps a general name 
 for Arabia(and lndia,)which accords 
 best with the supposition that the 
 
b^n 
 
 204 
 
 ^in 
 
 Pison is the Ganges. See art. '}Vi:"'S. 
 Others, with less probability, Chxva- 
 la on the Caspian sea ; whence ihe 
 Caspian sea is called in Russian 
 Ckwaiinskoje More. 
 
 I- V'^n and P'^n literally to turn., to 
 
 twist. (Arab. ,J^^ , whence ,J^^ 
 round about.) 
 
 1. to be pained, (as if torqueri, 
 comp. bin no. 111.) Jer. 5 : 3. es- 
 pecially to be in labour., to travail^ 
 Is. 13:8. 23:4. 26: 18. 66:7, 8. 
 Mic. 4: 18. Figuratively Mic, 1: 12 
 
 for she is pained for ihe good {which H. Vrjpj ^^^ ^*ipj i, q, Vy-^ ^o ^ait, 
 she has lost.) Hence 
 
 2. to tremble, (as a woman in la 
 bour.) Deut. 2 : 25. Joel 2: 6. Con- 
 
 3. i. q. Kal no. 4. to bring forth. 
 Job 39: 1. Prov.25: 23. to form, to 
 make generally, Deut. 32:18. Ps. 
 90: 2. Cau^at. Ps.29:9. 
 
 Pulal bk'in pass, to be born. Job 
 15:7. Prov. 8: 24,25. Ps. 51:7. 
 
 Hithpalel bbinnn 
 
 1. to be pained or tormented. Job 
 15:20. 
 
 2. to rush. Jer. 23: 19. 
 Hithpalp. bn^nnri to be pained 
 
 or grieved. Est. 4: 4. 
 
 Deriv.out of course ':~ir!^, ^iVinlO, 
 nbnVn. " ' " 
 
 strued with ]t:, 1 Sam. 31: 3. 1 Chr. 
 10:3. 
 
 3. to dance. Judg. 21:21. 
 
 4. to bring forth. Is. 54: 1. 
 
 5. io rush, fall upon. Jer. 30: 23 
 a sweeping whirlwind D''3?u:*l "iji^n b? 
 h'^U'^ shall fall on the head of the un- 
 godly. So 23: 19. 2 Sara. 3: 29 let it 
 {the blood of Jlbner) fall upon the head 
 of.Joab. Hos. 11: G inn r?!:n 
 *1'''U'*a the sword shall fall on his cit- 
 ies. Lam. 4 :6 D"]'!"' ^i ^b~ i^'p ^^ 
 hands fell on her. (This signitication 
 of b^n is found in the Targums.) 
 
 6. to be strong, lasting, permanent. 
 (On the connexion of this with the 
 primary signitication, see pTH, "luip. 
 
 In Arab. ^J ^ (med. Vav) idem. 
 In Aram. Pa. b"M ^o strengthen. De- 
 riv. b''n strength.) Ps. 10: 5 ^b'^n"' 
 l^n"! Aw t;rtz/s are strong, i. e. his 
 actions prosper. Job 20:21 b^rr i^b 
 ^S!!!t3 his prosperity shall not be last- 
 ing. (Others connect this significa- 
 tion with that of waiting; see b^" 
 DO. II.) 
 
 Hiph. causat.of Kal no. 2. to shake. 
 Ps. 29: 8. 
 
 Hoph. to be made to bring forth. 
 Is. 66: 8. 
 
 Pilel bbin 1. to dance in a circle. 
 Judg. 21:"23. 
 
 2. i.q. Kal no. 2. to tremble. Job 
 26:5. 
 
 ^in' 
 
 tarry. Gen. 8: 10. Jud. 3: 25. 
 Pilel b^.=in idem. Job 35: 14. 
 Hithpal. idem. Ps. 37: 7. 
 
 Mm. 1. sand. Ex. 2: 12, generally 
 in the phrase d^n bin , 0^72^ bin 
 sand of the sea, as mdicauve of 
 multitude, Gen. 32: 13. 41: 49. and 
 of weight, Job 6: 3. Prov. 27:3. 
 
 2. Job 29 : 18. acccordmg to the 
 Jewish commentators, the bird 
 phenix, but perhaps a mere conjec- 
 ture from the context. The Baby- 
 lonian MSS read b^in- 
 
 r^T\ proper name of an Aramean 
 country. Once Gen. 10:23. It is 
 supposed by some to be Ccelesyria^ 
 from the Chald. b^n a valley ; but 
 the etymological grounds are in- 
 sufficient. 
 
 t2in m. adj. black. Gen. 30: 32 if. 
 The root U^tl is kindred with D^H 
 to be hot, which in Arabic signities 
 also to be burnt by the sun, to be 
 black. 
 
 n'Qin f. dec. X. a wall Ex. 14:22,29. 
 Deut. 3: 5. 28:52. Root prob. !nn 
 
 i.q. Arab. V.4.2^ to surround, protect. 
 
 Plur. ni72Tn (with 5ingM/(2r mean- 
 ing, like m2,) a wall Jer. 1: 18. 
 comp. 15:20. Hence 
 
 Dual D^ni^in I'^a (see Gr. 
 134. 6.) between the two walls {of Je- 
 rusalem,) 2 K. 25: 4. Is. 22:1 1. Jer. 
 39: 4. 
 
yin 
 
 205 iin 
 
 Din, fut. Dim, Dn% also D^in"*. 
 
 1. ro /'?az>e coiifpassion^ to pity ; 
 construed with b? of the person. 
 Ps. 72:13. Also to be grieved or 
 troubled^ construed with ^y of the 
 thing, Jon. 4 : 10 b^ npn nnij 
 'JT'^p'^rpr; thou art grieved on account 
 of the ricinics. (comp. Gen. 45 : 
 20.) 
 
 2. to spare^ construed with b?. 
 Neh. 13:22. Jer. 13: 14. Ezek. 2 i: 
 
 14. Joel 2: 17. (In Aram. *.xaj^ 
 
 7 
 
 construed with Vkl^.) 
 
 3. Instead of the simple con- 
 struction given above, we iind more 
 commonly in the signitications nos. 
 Land 2. the following phraseology, 
 H* ''''^^ DTnn mine eye looks with 
 pity or indulgence on any one. Gen. 
 
 45: 20 dD'^'^s-b^ Dnn-^N d5.r5>T 
 
 and be not troubled about your uten- 
 sils. Deut. 7 : 16 ^j-'y Dinn N5 
 Cmby thou shalt not spare them. 13: 
 9. iy:"l3, 21. 25:12. Is. 13:18. E- 
 
 Ps. 41:7. and rT25inb idem, 2Chr. 
 32: 5. (3.) ytin^a/row without, out- 
 wardly, the opposite of n';z)3. Gen. 
 6: 14. 7nnn?3 idem, Ezek. 41: 25. 
 yrinr: ; u/em,2 K.4:3. (4.) 1: y^n73 
 as a prep, without. I'^^'b y^n^ 
 without the city, Gen. 19: 16. 24: 11. 
 p il^i^nri idem, Ezek. 40: 40, 44. 
 (5.) h yTil2 bfi* as a prep, to the 
 outside of. Num. 5-. 3, 4 yin?2 bN 
 In^nTab fo ^^e outside of the camp, 
 Deut. 23:1 1. Lev.4: 12. (6.) ^^ ynn 
 as a prep, figuratively besides, 
 Ecc. 2: 25. (So in Chald. "j^ ^2.) 
 
 2. as a subst. dec. I. (1.) a^/iai is 
 without the house, the street. Jer. 37: 
 21. Job 18: 17. Plur. m'ziin , Is. 5: 
 25. 10: 6. (2.) what is without the 
 city, fields, pastures, deserts. Job 5: 
 10. (Aram. ^2 idem.) Hence put in 
 opposition to yiN, Prov.8: 26 y-^iJ? 
 ni^'ini {cultivated) land and deserts. 
 Comp. 'Mark 1:45. 
 
 Deriv. jiZTTl . 
 
 zek.5:ll. 7:4,9. Once with the plH (i or :)) i.q. p"in<Ae 6o50?n. Ps.74: 
 
 omission of ]''y , 1 Sam. 24 : 1 1 11 Keth. 
 
 ^-^^ry Onni and {mine eye) looked -^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^, ^^ ^^^^^^ ^^.^^^ ^^ 
 
 m/i com/.amon on f/iee, i e. I spared ^ ^ .^^ g- j^^^ ^^ ^j^^ ^^^^^ j^ 
 
 thee trom compassion, bimilar ex- o * * ^ 
 
 amplos in which actions are attrib- 29: 22. (Aram. ^CLw, ^^n idem.) 
 
 iited to particnliir members of the t a^nn /? l-^ i- 
 
 v.^j,, ^Ir. ., ^rv.r.. /'^,^rr. ^* i^H Tfi. fine white linen ov cotton. 
 
 body, are very common ; Ccomp. ^ -^ - 
 
 !r55n joined with n^, pm with ^ 
 
 the same, Judg. 7:11. 2 Sam. 16: 
 21. nVs with '}';y ; etc.) 
 
 !r|in, vjn m. dec. I. coast, shore. Gen. 
 49: 13. Deut. 1:7. Josh 9: l.(Arab. 
 
 d^VJ^ margin, bank, shore.) 
 
 Y^n l.asan adv. without, abroad; 
 denoting the place where, as 
 
 : 6. 8: 15. Sept. ^vaaog. Arab. 
 -3 -^ white silk ; which may be 
 
 the meaning of the Hebrew word, 
 for Median garments were made of 
 silk. Elhiop. ^^^n (hherir) white 
 silk. 
 
 II. TiH and "in, dec. I. i. q. ^in 
 no. II. hole, cavity. Is. 11: 8. 42: 22. 
 (In Arab, with rr) 
 
 ynn-n'lV.*i)3 one born out of the I. "^^11 i.q. 'irir no. I. white linen, (or 
 
 house^ Lev. 18:9. also the place silk.) With an uncommon plural 
 
 whithpr, Deut. 23: 13. With r\ pa- termination ''^in, Is. 19:9. 
 
 rag. n]W in the same senses, 1 K. H ^--^^ rn.dec.L l.ahole. 2 K.12:10. 
 
 6:6. Ex. 12: 46. Joined with prep- Applied to the opening for a win- 
 
 ositions, (1.) y^'n^ without, in the dow, Cant. 5:4. to the cavity for the 
 
 street. Geo. 9: 22. (2.) y^n"^ idem, eye, Zech. 14: 12. 
 
^in 206 lITH 
 
 2. a cave.cavern. J oh 30:6. 1 Sam. j^trt i : ^w*^ ^ r 
 
 I A. 11 nvn 1. m poetry, i.q, riN'n to see, he- 
 
 n^rt *nu ij I.-, n ^n ^0^^- Job24:l. Ps. 46 : 9. 58:9. 
 
 nn m. Chald. wAirc Dan. 7: 9. r'^r.o*^,,^.! w,;tK ^ . j 
 
 T Lonstruecl with 2, to see or regard 
 
 'Qy\T\ Huram, 1. proper name of a with satisfaction/ ?s. 21 : 4. 63:3. 
 
 king of Tyre, contemporary with Cant. 7: 1. [6: 13.] Job 36: 25. In a 
 
 Solomon. 2 Chr. 2:2. Otherwise different sense Is. 47 : 13 D'^Th^l 
 
 called a^'^n , 2 Sam. 5: 1 1. IK. 5: D^3jDi32 the gazers on the stars. 
 
 15. [5: l.J 2. used especially in a religious 
 
 2. ofaTjrian artist, 2Chr. 4:11. sense; e.g. d-'nVfi^fl ! n.X Sltn <o 
 
 also called Din^n 1 K. 7: 40. ^^^ ^^^^ j,^^ 2^^ 1 j ; J^^ jg^ge.^nd 
 
 "jlin proper name of a district be- applied particularly to the super- 
 
 yond Jordan. Ezek. 47: 16, 18. In natural visions and internal revela- 
 
 Greek, Avgavixtg, 'Sioavirtg. t'oi^s given to the prophets, Num. 
 
 I :.>- , 1 L ^ ^ I 24:4. Hab. 1: 1 intn ^U35< N^TalTT 
 
 1. unn 1. to make haste, to hasten. Is. ^^ r "^ T i rf T T / 
 
 8: 1, 3. 1 Sam. 20: 38. Deut. 32:35. P^^T^ ^^' ^'"'^'^ ^^'"'^ Habakkuk 
 
 Ps. 70: 6 ""b nuj^n d^nbfi< O Got/, ^^'^1 e. which was revealed to 
 
 hasten tome. HI : 1. ' Part. pass. ^''"'' ^^^^- ^^''^ ^r? ^^^^ ^^^'^^Z ^ 
 
 d-tUJn hastening or in /lasfe, with an ^^^S i.e. ihey have lalse revelations. 
 
 active signification, (comp. ,,m ,) ^'ttoVk out, choose, select. Gen. 
 
 Num.32: 17. 18:21. comp. ib rrfi^n Gen. 22: 8. 
 
 2. to more violently, to ra^e, to be ^ ^ . , ^ ^ ^ . 
 
 J * \ u an. o ^w ^.;;.,_ -..J%w- 4. hsfuratively fo see tnto, to un- 
 
 ardenf. Job 20: 2" n ""U^n 1^::5>a on . !i i u i x io o-? i o 
 
 "- derstand. Job 15: 17. 27: 12. 
 
 account of my ardour within me. j^^^^^ ^^^ of course InTn, DiTH, 
 
 Hiph. 1. to urge on, to hasten. Is. ' - 
 
 5: 19. 60: 22. Ps. 55: 9. '^^^H' VlH^ ^L'^.^' ^1^1^-' 
 
 2. intrans. as in Kal, to make T^tl and f^TH Chald. <o see. Dan. 
 
 haste. Judg. 20:37. 
 
 5:5,23. 3:19 tim "^l V? ni'iUJ 
 
 3. ro be afraid, to flee. Is. 23: 16. ^ -- ..-; . -- 
 (These significations are also unit- -:.l^.^ *^^ ^^'"^^ ''**^ '^*^^ *^ ^^^ 
 d in Irnn, ten. In Arab. iA=i. ever been seen, i.e. known, fo 6e/iea^ 
 (med. Je) fo 6e /rau/ and loAas- ^^- " ^H'?- ' ^^^^ ^^1^' (^'^ 
 ten.) Syr. irfem.) 
 
 II. 'd^n as in Chaldaic, ^o perceive by iHTH m. dec. IX. b. the breast, spoken 
 
 the senses, to feel, for example, pain, only of animals. Ex. 29: 26, 27. 
 
 joy, pleasure. Ecc. 2: 25 -iitin^ ^"D Lev. 7:30, 31. Plur. nim, Lev. 9; 
 
 who has enjoyed pleasure ? 20, 21. 
 
 ri^n. For Hab. 2: 17, see nnn. ^^1P ra- verbal from Intn, dec. IX. a. 
 
 ^ :^ ^ 1. a seer, prophet, in later He- 
 
 DHin m. verbal from dnn, dec. I. a |,rew, i.q. tlfi^.h, N"^33. 1 Chr. 21: 9. 
 
 seal, a seal-ring. The inhabitants of 25- 5. 29: 29. 
 
 the east often carried a seal sus- g^ \ ^^ ^^>^^ no, 3, (q y,) ^ ^oi^e- 
 
 pended by a string round the neck, . ^ \ 
 
 t * iu f 1 wanf, agreement. 
 
 between their outer and inner gar- ' 
 
 ments, as the Persians do at this 'ITH m. Chald. 1. vision, Dan. 2: 28. 
 day. Gen. 38: 18. Cant. 8: 6. '4:2,7. [4: 5, 10.] 7: 7, 13. 
 
 Vfi^.TH.m. Hazael, proper name of a ^ 2. /onn, appearance. 7:20. (Sjr. 
 king of Syria. 1 K. 19: 15, 17. 2 K. ]'o\j^ .) 
 8:9, 12. 'n n^a the house of Ha- ^' ^ 
 zael, i.e. Damascus, Am. 1:4.. j ' *] m. verbal from njn dec. III. a. 
 
*^m 
 
 207 
 
 pm 
 
 1. sight, vision. Dan. 1: 17. 8: 1. 
 9:24. 
 
 2. a divine revelation. 1 Sam. 3: 
 1. iChron. 17:15. Prov.29:18. 
 
 3. especially an oracle, often col- 
 lectively. (Comp. OQafjia, Acts 11: 
 5. 16:9.) Is. 1: 1. Obad. 1. Nah.l:!. 
 
 nitn f. verbal from Jitn, dec. III. a. 
 vision., revelation. 2 Chf. 9:29. 
 
 niTH Chald. sight. Dan. 4: 8, 17. [4: 
 11,20.] 
 
 ri^TH f. (with Kamets impure) ver- 
 bal from {iTH, dec. I. 
 
 1. /urm,^ especially a great or 
 beautiful form.^ (comp. J^^^^.) Dan. 
 
 8: 5 niTn 1'lp. a great horn, cornu 
 conspicuum. verse 8 mtn M2'^!:?nl 
 ^'5*1^ and there rose up Jour great 
 {horns.) The latter verse might be 
 rendered, something like four^horns,) 
 comp. m7D~ no. 3. but the mean- 
 ing given above appears prefera- 
 ble on account of verse 5. 
 
 2. a prophetic vision. Is. 21: 2. 29: 
 11. 
 
 3. a revelation, law ; hence a cov- 
 enant, agreement. The Hebrews 
 connected these two ideas, inas- 
 much as they regarded their relig- 
 ion as a covenant with God. Is. 28: 
 18. comp. nth verse 14. 
 
 p^jn m. const, 'ji'^fn, plur. rriai'^tn , 
 verbal from ntln, dec. III. e. 
 
 1. sight, vision. Job 4: 13. 7: 14. 
 20:8. 
 
 2. a revelation. 2 Sam. 7 : 17. 
 livtri N'^a Is. 22:5. (whence the 
 superscription in verse 1 .) valley of 
 vision or revelation, i.e. Jerusalem, 
 or some part of it, allegorically re- 
 presented. According to some, it is 
 in this passage a translation of the 
 name n^^i73 supposed to signify 
 vision. 
 
 T'^Tn m. dec. I. lightning. Job 28:26. 
 38*: 25. Kindred with yn. (Arab. 
 ttn transjixit ielumfulminis.) 
 
 ^T^TH m. prim, a swine. Lev. 11:7- 
 (Syr. and Arab, idem.) 
 
 pTH , fut. pTn\ 1. to bind fast, to tie 
 strait. {Ar-db. <J^J-^ and ^JC^ idem; 
 
 Syr. .L^y.M to gird, comp. Piel.) 
 
 Intrans. to be bound fast, Is. 28:22. 
 
 2. to adhere or stick fast. 2 Sam. 
 18:9 nbiji riikHh pl^.ll <^nd his 
 head stuck fast to the turpentine-tree. 
 Hence tl^iinz 'n to adhere to the 
 law, 2 Chr. 31: 4. Construed with 
 )? and an infin. to adhere to doing any 
 thing. Deut. 12:23. Josh. 23:6. 
 
 3. to strengthen. (Strength is ac- 
 quired from bracing the muscles 
 and from girding one's self; hence 
 this transfer of signification is found 
 in several words. Comp. h^Tl no. 6. 
 Tiip ; and for examples in Arabic, 
 see Bocharti Hieroz. I. p. 514 ff.) 
 Ezek. 30:21. More frequently in- 
 trans. to be or become strong, Josh. 
 17: 13. Judg. 1:28. Gen, 41:56,67. 
 Construed with "^72, to be stronger 
 than, to conquer, 1 Sam. 17: 50. Con- 
 strued with by, idem, 2 Chr. 8 : 3. 
 27: 5. Also with an accus. in the 
 same sense, 1 K. 16:22. 2 Chr. 28 : 
 20. Spoken of a command, to pre- 
 vail, to get the upper hand, 2 Sam. 
 24:4. iChr. 21:4. 
 
 4'. to urge on, construed with "^y, 
 Ex. 12:33. Ezek. 3:14. with an 
 accus. Jer. 2U: 7. 
 
 5. to be recovered from a sickness. 
 Is. 39: 1. 
 
 6. figuratively, to be firm, strong, 
 undaunted. y^J^I ptn be strong 
 and courageous, Deut. 31 : 7, 23. 
 comp. Dan. 10: 19. "'''7.'; ^pln 
 the hands of any one are strong, \. e. 
 he himself is strong, undaunted, 
 Judg, 7:11. 2 Sam. 16:21. (comp. 
 Din joined with y^.) 
 
 7. to be hard, obstinate, inflexible, 
 i.q. ln;^p. Mai. 3: 13. Hence spok- 
 en of the heart, to be hardened or 
 rendered obdurate, Ex. 7: 13, 22. 
 
 8. to be confirmed, established, 
 2 K. 14: 5. 2 Chr. 25: 3 (with b?.) 
 
 Pi. ptn. 1. to gird, construed 
 
pm 
 
 208 
 
 jPtn 
 
 with two accusatives. Is. 22:21. 
 Nah. 2: 2. 
 
 2. ro fortify or intrench^ 2 Chr. 
 11: II, 12. 26:9. ^o repair what is 
 decayed, 2 K. 12 : 8, 9, 13, 15. con- 
 strued with }:, 1 Chr. 26: 27. fo6Mi/rf 
 ane^y, Neh. 3: 19. 
 
 3. to strengthen. Judg. 16: 28. 
 
 4. io /lea/. Ezek. 34:4, 16. 
 
 5. figuratively to strengthen the 
 hands of any one, i. e. to urge him 
 on, to inspire him with courage. 
 Judg. 9: 24. Jer. 23: 14. Job 4: 3. 
 1 Sara. 23: 16 i^^-ns^ ptn^"* 
 C^flb^^ he gave him courage with 
 God. T"!"^ p-Tln to strengthen one'^s 
 own hands., to take courage^ Neh. 2: 
 18. 
 
 6. to support, help^ assist. 2 Chr. 
 29:34. Ezra. 6: 22. 1:6 and all 
 their neighbours ""^^p-^ DlTI/^'l/'Z 'Ip'J.n 
 f|pp assisted, i. e. presented, them 
 xmith silver vessels, etc. 
 
 7. construed with ib. , to harden 
 the heart. Ex. 4:21. Ti'ds, ia^ pTH 
 to shew one''s self stiff-necked., 
 Josh 11 : 20. Jer. 5: 3. Ps. 64:6 
 S^ ^m I'Tsb iPTPi f/ifv are resolute 
 f/i a wicked deed. 
 
 Hiph. p'^tnil 1. to bind fast, es- 
 pecially to fasten the hand on any 
 thing ; hence to seize or take hold 
 of in Greek ifi(fvpat tlvI. The 
 original construction is found Gen. 
 21: 18 iz l^n; nuNf "'p.'^tnn fasten 
 thine hand on him, i. e. hold him 
 in thine hand. Hence the verb is 
 construed with 2, Ex. 4:4. Deut. 
 22: 25. 25:11. more rarely with an 
 accus. Is. 41: 9, 13. Jer. 6: 23, 24. 
 8:21. 50: 43. Mic. 4 : 9 b'^n ^pnnn 
 pangs take hold of thee. Also with 
 an inverted construction, Jer. 49:24 
 np^Trin tip."), she seizes hold of ter- 
 ror ; comp. triwN Job 18 : 20. 21: 6. 
 Construed with ^ , 2 Sam. 15 : 6. 
 with b?, Job 18: 9*. This verb often 
 signiiies (I.) to hold back, Ex. 9: 2. 
 or to oblige to stay, Judg. 19: 4. (2. 
 to contain, to hold, 2 Chr. 4: 5. (3, 
 to get possession of Dan. 11:21. 
 
 2. to hold fast, to adhere closely ; 
 e.g. to one's integrity, Job 2: 3, 9. 
 27:6. Construed with ^5 of the 
 person, ISeh. 10: 30. 
 
 3. to strengthen, fortify, hence to 
 buildup again. Neb. 5: 16. Ezek. 
 27:9,27. 
 
 4. to make strong, Ezek. 30: 23. 
 and intrans. to become strong, to con- 
 quer, 2 Chr. 26: 8. Dan. 1 1': 32. 
 
 5. to help, assist ; construed with 
 2, Lev. 25 : 3d. Comp. p^Tn?3 an 
 helper., Dan 11: 1. construed 'with 
 an accus. verse 6. 
 
 Hithpa. to be strengthened, estab- 
 lished., or confirmed] spoken of a 
 new king, 2 Chr. 1 : 1. 12: 13. 13: 
 21. to gather cne^s strength^ Gen. 
 48:2. 
 
 2. to feel one''s self strengthened, 
 1 Sam. 30 : 6. Ezra 7: 28. to take 
 courage, 2 Chr. 15: 8. 23: 1. 25: 11. 
 
 3. to act courageously, 2 Sam. 10: 
 12. Construed with "1:5): to oppose, 
 2Chr. 13:7, 8. 
 
 4. to assist any one, construed 
 with 2 and Qs^. 2 Sam. 3: 6. 1 Chr. 
 11: 10". Dan. 10:21. 
 
 ptri m.verbal adj.from pm, dec.IV.e. 
 
 1. strong, mighty, vehement. Ex.3: 
 19. 10:19. 
 
 2. firm, hard. Ezek. 3: 9. "'p.Trr 
 "2^, 'n'^12 stiff-necked, obdurate, , E- 
 zek. 2: 4. 3: 7. comp. verse 8. 
 
 ptn m. verbal adj. from pTH, idem. 
 
 Ex. 19: 19. 2 Sam. 3:1. 
 pTn , with suff. "^ptrt, verbal from 
 
 ptn, dec. VI. g. strength, help. Ps. 
 
 18:^2. 
 
 ptn m. verbal from ptti, dec. VI. m. 
 'idem. Ex. 13: 3, 14,16.' 
 
 npTn f. dec.X. strictly an infin. from 
 
 1. injPms 2 Chr. 12:1. 26: 16. 
 when he had gained strength. 
 
 2. 'l^lnTipTnz Is. 8:ll.'a^e the 
 hand {of God) urged me. Comp. the 
 verb Ezek. 3: 14. Jer. 20: 7. 
 
 3. Dan. 11:2 i^-ryi "ir.ptriS as 
 he supports himself on his riches. 
 
i^m 
 
 209 
 
 t^t:in 
 
 n^j^TH and '^5n^pin m. {the strength 
 of Jehovah) Hezekiah^ the proper 
 name of a king of Judah. 2K. 18: 
 1, 10. Also called n^JPTni, Hos. 1 : 
 1. Is. 1: 1. 
 
 iHj^Tn fem. of pTh. 1. force, violence, 
 TlplTlz by force or violence, 1 Sam. 
 2: 16. Ezek. 34: 4. vehemently, 
 mightily, vehementer, Judg. 4: 3. 8:1 . 
 2. the repairing (of a building.) 
 2 K. 12:13. comp. the verb Pi. 
 no. 2. 
 
 nn m. with sufT. inn, plar. d^nn, 
 (with Dagesh forte implied, as in 
 m, plur. DTiJ^O i. q. nin literally 
 a thorn ; hence 
 
 1. a ring, such as was put 
 through the nose of wild animals, 
 and to which the bridle was fas- 
 tened. 2 K. 19: 28. Is. 37: 29. Also 
 such an one as was passed through 
 the jaws of sea monsters, Ezek. 29: 
 4. comp. Job 40: 26, [41:2,] under 
 jnin no. 2. 
 
 2. Ex. 35: 22. nose-ring, a female 
 ornament ; or according to Kimchi 
 a buckle or clasp, to fasten together 
 one's garment ; (comp. French 
 epingle a pin, from Lat. spinula 
 a small thorn, and Tac. Germ. 17.) 
 
 l^t:n 1. to slip, to fall. Prov. 19:2. 
 
 2. to err, go astray, to miss the 
 goal. (Comp. Hiph. Jndg. 20: 16.) 
 Prov. 8: 36 r:;D3 D^.n >;t3n he who 
 misseth me wrongeth his own soul. An- 
 tith. ii<i7a verse 35. Job 5: 24 thou 
 visitest thy dwelling Nt^tin ^b") 
 and missest nothing, i. e. thy hope 
 is not frustrated, nothing is wanting. 
 (In Ethiop. ii::it\ frustrari spe poti- 
 undi, carere.) 
 
 3. to sin, since virtue is regard- 
 ed as a path from which the sinner 
 strays, or on which he slips. (Comp. 
 the Greek df.iaQzavM, and Eng. to 
 err.) The person against whom 
 one sins is preceded by b , is 
 !niln"'b MDn to sin against Jehovah, 
 Gen. 20: 6V9. 1 Sam. 2: 25. 7: 6. 
 The person or thing in respect to 
 
 27 
 
 which, or the action by which one 
 sins, is preceded by 2 , Gen. 42: 22. 
 Lev. 4: 23 nS Jt)n in which he 
 
 X T T 
 
 hath sinned. Neh.9:29. by ^y, Lev. 
 5:5. Num. 6: 11. Neh. 13r26. or 
 put in the accus. Lev. 5: 16 nJ^ 
 ^"Ifen 112 man *^W "what he hath 
 sinfully taken from the sanctuary. 
 
 4. to owe, to forfeit ; constraed 
 with an accus. Lev. 5: 7. comp. 
 verse 11. Prov. 20: 2 Vi;D2 Ntj'n he 
 forfeits his own life, or brings it in- 
 to danger ; comp. Hab. 2: 10. 
 
 Pi. Ntiin 1. to be punished, or to 
 suffer for any thing ; construed with 
 an accus. Gen. 31: 39. 
 
 2. to offer as a sin-offering. Lev. 
 6: 19 [26] ?rnN i<tan72n he that of- 
 fers it as a sin-offering. 9 : 15 
 
 ^tli^jan'^li and he offered it as a sin-of- 
 fering. 
 
 3. to purify, to cleanse, i. q. ^S3; 
 as persons, Num. 19: 19. Ps. 51:9. 
 as sacred utensils, the temple, etc. 
 Ex. 29:36. (construed with ^5.) 
 
 Hiph. ^<''t:nn 1. i. q. Kal no. 2. 
 to miss the m.ark, spoken of archers. 
 Judg. 20: 16. (In Arab. conj. IV. > 
 
 2.cau8at.of Kal no.3.fo cause to sin, 
 to seduce. Ex. 23:33. 1 K. 15: 26 
 
 and in his sin, wherewith he made Is- 
 rael to sin. 16: 26. 2 K. 3: 3. 10: 29. 
 
 Hithpa. 1. to purify one'^s self. 
 Num. 19: 12 ff. 31:20. 
 
 2. to be beside one^s self, (from an- 
 guish, terror.) Job 41 : 17. [25.] 
 Many verbs of erring (comp. Kal 
 no. 2. Hiph. no. 1.) have this 
 change of signification ; e. g. myn 
 
 WW 
 
 Is. 21: 4. also the Arab. Va3, l*i. 
 
 &^t^n m.with suff.iJtun , plur. Ci^prr, 
 const. tjSttDn, verbal from J^ran, sin, 
 transgression. Lev. 19 : 17. 22: 9. 
 NUrt '^2 M^n a sin rests upon thee^ 
 Deut. 15:9'" 
 
 ft^t^n m. (with Kamets impure) ver- 
 bal from j^t:n, dec. I. 
 
 T x' 
 
 1. a sinner. Gen. 13: 13. 
 
cian 
 
 210 
 
 'n 
 
 S. one liable to punishment^ an of- 
 fender. 1 K. 1:21. 
 
 Jlfi^L^n f. verbal from 5<lun, a sin.Gen- 
 
 20: 9. 
 nfi^Dn fern, of^tsn. 
 
 T T - T 
 
 1. a sin. Ex. 34: 7. 
 
 2. a sinful woman, peccatrix. Am. 
 9: 8. 
 
 I jii^ Jn f. Chald. a sin-offering. Ezra 
 6:1? KeH. 
 
 Pi^Li^n f. const. ni\t2rt, plur. n"iuSt:n, 
 
 fern, of ioan, dec. XIII. o. 
 
 1. a fall, stumbling, mi fortune. 
 Pro V. 10: 16. (autith. D^'^^n.) perhaps 
 also 21: 4. 
 
 2. a sin. Also that wherein one 
 sins, Dout. 9:21. 
 
 3. expiation, purification, "^nm. 8: 
 7 Di^t::!! "^72 water of purification, 
 i.q. ri'lD '72. 
 
 4. a sin-offering. Lev. 6: 25, 30. 
 (For its distinction from fi\rN, see 
 that article.) 
 
 5. punishment. Zech. 14: 19. 
 
 JUn to hew wood, to form by hewing. 
 
 Deut. 29: 11. Josh. 9 : 21,23. 
 
 (Comp. ni^n to hew stones.) 
 Pu. to be hewn out. Ps. 144: 12. 
 niDDH fern. plur. Prov. 7: 16. vari- 
 
 ' ' . ^ \ ^ 
 
 egaied coverings. (Arab. ^.^i2.3- to 
 
 be particoloured; Syr. \L::^^j^^ 
 a particoloured garmen t.) 
 flilOri f. wheat. Ex. 9: 32. Plur. Q-^ 
 Gen. 30: 14. and ';''__ Ezek. 4: 9. 
 The singular denotes the plant, the 
 plural the grain. 
 
 uun to make an animal tractable, by 
 putting a muzzle on his mouth, or 
 a ring through his nose. (Arab. 
 
 [ *I2.^.) Metaphorically Is. 48: 9 
 ^b""DUnN I tame {iny anger) or Ire- 
 strain (myself) towards you. For the 
 ellipsis, see ^12^, lu:. 
 
 v|On i.q. qnn to seize^ take. Judg. 
 
 21:21. Ps. 10:9. (In Aram, fre- 
 quent. In Arab. f^ Jn^ .) 
 
 *lpn m. 1. a branch, twig. Is. 11:1. 
 
 2. a rod. Prow. 1 4:3 in the mouth of 
 
 a fool arrogance is a rod. (Syr. 
 
 1 f.^a-M staff, rod.) 
 
 ^n, const, ''n, fem. n^ti, plur. D"*^,?], 
 const, '^n, verbal from Ji'^n, dec. 
 viii.j. "" '' 
 
 1. as an adj. living, lively. Josh. 
 8: 23. "^in"'::!!) every living person, 
 Gen. 3 : 20. t^^n u;5: a living 
 creature. Gen. 1 : 20. Db^^lT'^n he 
 that liveth forever, the Eternal, Dan. 
 12 : 7. iniJT^ "'H as true as God lives, 
 
 vivus {est) Jehova, Ruth 3: 13. a 
 form of swearing; also "'DSJ "^n, vivus 
 ego, when Jehovah himself swears. 
 Num. 14: 21, 28. Deut. 32:40. 
 
 2. fresh^ flowing, spoken of wa- 
 ter. Gen. 26: 19. Lev. 14: 5,50. 
 
 3. raw, fresh, spoken of flesh. 1 
 Sam. 2: 15. Lev. 13: 13 if. 
 
 4. reviving, living again ; in the 
 phrase rr^n ns'D Gen. 18: 10, 14. 
 
 2 K. 4: 16, 17. when the season re- 
 vives, i.e. in the coming year, ni- 
 QiTilop-tvov ivtavTOv. (Horn. Od. xi. 
 247.) 
 
 5. as a subst. life. In the singu- 
 lar only Lev. 25: 36. 1 Sam. 25: 6. 
 and in the formulas of swearing, 
 ^^"1? ""n {by) the life of Pharaoh, 
 Gen. 42: 15, 16. ^ODD "^rt {by) the 
 life of thy soul, 1 Sani. 1:26. 17:56. 
 Before the name of Jehovah, "^Ji is 
 used ; hence truiDD ^t^") Jiin"' "'h 
 as Jehovah liveth, and as thy soul liv- 
 eth, 1 Sam. 20: 3. 25: 26. But this 
 signification we find more com- 
 monly in the 
 
 Plur. n""^.!!, "J^^n (Job 24: 22.) 
 
 1. life. D'^'Tt nm breath of life. 
 Gen. 6: 17. d'^^^nn y^ tree of {im- 
 mortal) life. Gen. 2: 9. comp. 3: 22, 
 24. 
 
 2. means of living, sustenance. 
 Prov. 27: 27. 
 
 3. refreshment. Prov. 3: 22. Job 
 3:20. 
 
n'^n 
 
 ^11 
 
 ^^fi 
 
 4. happiness^ prosperity. Ps. 34 : 
 13. Prov. 4: 22, 23. 12: 28. 13: 14. 
 14: 27. D'^'^.n n"li5 the way to hap- 
 piness, 2: 19. 5: 6. 
 n pn f. dec. X. literally something in- 
 tricate or complicated, (from *T>n i.q. 
 Arab. OV^ to bend off; conj. II. to 
 tie knots.) Hence 
 
 1 . cunning, artifice. Dan. 8: 23. 
 
 2. a riddle, i. e. an intricate 
 speech; comp. nS'^b^ rri'Tl n^n 
 to give out a riddle, JTlTin n-'.^Jl 
 to solve a riddle, Judg. 14: 12. 19. 
 
 3. i.q. V^l'S, only implying great- 
 er intricacy ; hence a proverb, 
 Prov. 1:6. a parable, Ezek. 17: 2. 
 a song, Ps. 49: 5. 78: 2. comp. Hab. 
 2: 6. an oracle, vision, Num. 12: 8. 
 
 n^n, fut. InW, apoc. 'n';. 
 
 1. ^0 live, often io 6c in good 
 health. Deut. 8: 1. 30: 16. Neh. 9: 
 29. Qp.^5b '^n'' let your heart live, 
 i. e. be joyful, Ps. 22: 27. 69: 33. 
 
 2. to continue alive. Num. 14: 38. 
 "^UJDa iinTl my soul shall live, i.e. 
 I shall be preserved alive, Gen. 12: 
 13. 19:20. 
 
 3. to come to life again ^ Ezek. 
 37: 5 ff. 1 K. 17: 22. to revive, Judg. 
 15: 19. Gen. 45: 27. 
 
 4. to be restored to health. Gen. 
 20: 7. Josh. 5: 8. Construed with 
 1?3, 2K. 1:2. 8:8. 
 
 Pi. inin 1. to make alive, to re- 
 store to life. Ps. 30: 4. 1 Sam. 2: 7. 
 
 2. to permit to live, to preserve 
 alive. Gen. 12: 12. Ex. 1: 17. Con- 
 strued with -i^S?.?., IK. 20:31. - 
 5>'lT rr^n to preserve seed. Gen. 7: 3. 
 in a different sense, 19:32,34. 
 npn tr^n to raise cattle. Is. 7: 21. 
 
 It T T ' 
 
 Hos.l4 : 8 "JST ^'Jl*^ they raise corn, 
 namely, in a desolate land. 
 
 3. metaphorically to rebuild (a 
 city.) 1 Chr. 11:8. 'comp. Neh. 3: 
 34 [4:2] a^sasiji-n^ It^tT^n will 
 they revive the stones again ? i. e* 
 form them again into a building ? 
 
 Hiph. 1. to restore to life. 2 K. 
 8: 1, 5. 
 
 2. to save alive. Gen. 6 : 19, 20. 
 Construed with u;C3, Gen. 19: 19. 
 Also to save life, Gen. 47:25. 50: 20. 
 Once construed with ^, Gen. 45:7. 
 
 Deriv. out of course "^n, n^?ri, 
 
 In^jn and ^^n Chald. idem. Dan. 2: 
 
 4 "i^n "j^yfr^V'^^^^ ^ ^^"o' ^iT^^ for- 
 ever, the usual salutation to a king. 
 3:9. 5:10.6:6. 7:22. Comp. Neh. 
 2: 3 n'^n"' Dbi'i'b ^1:72^1 let the king 
 live forever. IK. 1:31. 
 
 Apb. part. i^TVq preserving alive^ 
 
 (Syr. fwlo,) Dan.5:19. 
 
 *'i'^}^i verbal adj. from n^n, dec IX. a* 
 Plur. fern, ni'^n lively, strong, vigo- 
 rous, Ex. 1: 19.' 
 
 ?1^n f. const, n^n , also poetically 
 in'^n, (see Gesenius' Lehrgeb.127. 
 
 3.) fern of '<ri, dec. X. 
 
 1. living, hence a livings soul, an 
 animal. Gen. 37: 20,33. Often col- 
 lectively, as lT^nin"!:3 every animalif 
 Gen. 7: 14. 8: 'l, 17,19. y^i^fl VtlH, 
 nnilJin the beasts of the field, often 
 opposed to tame animals (ni^ria,) 
 Gen. 1: 24, 25. but sometimes in- 
 cluding them. Lev. U: 2, 47. 
 
 2. as an abstract noun, life, but 
 only in poetry, (otherwise D*'^n.) 
 Job 33: 18, 22, 38. Ps. 143: 3. 
 
 3. i.q. *2;C3 desire, hunger, appeti- 
 <M5. Job 33: 20. 38:19. comp. Is. 
 57: 10. 
 
 4. i.q. Mlrt a band or company of 
 men. 2 Sam. 23: 11,13. 
 
 ^^V^ f. emph. iirTi-^n, Chald. an ani- 
 mai. Dan. 4: 13"ff. [4:16 ff.J 
 
 rWn f. verbal from In^n, life. 2 Sam. 
 20: 3. 
 
 ''^'n i.q. Tl'^n to live, but inflected as 
 a verb Ain doubled, like the Arab. 
 
 ^j^ . Hence the pret. "^n he 
 lived. Gen. 5: 5 -^1L"N Q^i^ ''73''-b3 
 n all the days of Adam which he 
 
^ b'^n 212 'p^n 
 
 lived. 3: 22 tib^^)> "^n^ b'Dii*} and he as a part of its defence, perhaps 
 shall eat and live forever. Num. 21: somewhat raised, like a small wall. 
 S '^n-^ -im r^i^^-\ and he shall see it 2 Sam. 20:15. Is. 26: I. Nah.3:8. 
 
 and'^e curedy" These examples ^r;i;;^*n''T \*^- ^ V^* !''^^' 
 ought not to be confounded with 14- 122 : 7 Perhaps figuratively 
 those in which ^n is an adj. as Gen. ",^^- ^ ' ^l' ^P^' ^QOTHXio^ia, tw- 
 
 43: 7 "n &5^::^^ =n>rj is your father gf f ^^^l X"^^'. ""^'^'f ^^; (I ^he 
 
 , ,. ~ " - ^ .; . lalmudical writers, ^"^n denotes a 
 
 yctahixe? an pater vester adhuc vi^ ^^^^,^ jO ^^^its broad*,' round the 
 
 vus 5C11. est . ^^^^^ ^y ^^^g .^^^^^^^^ . ggg Lightfooti 
 
 P^^n see P^in. ^ 0pp. T. II. p. 193.) 
 
 P'jn m. const, b-^n, plur. n^^;n, dec. ^"^H m. and Sn^'^H f (Job 6: 10.) See 
 
 VI. ^. (see ^^n no. 6.) ' * ^^n nos. 1, i. 
 
 1. power^ strength., courage. Ps. 1. pain, especially of childbirth. 
 
 18:33,40. 33:16. ^n H^^^toshow Ps.48:7. Jer. 6: 24. 22: 23. Mic, 
 
 courage, to do valiantly^ Num. 24: 4: 9. 
 
 18. Deut. 8:18. Ps.60:12. '108: . - trembling, fear. Ex. 15:14:, 
 
 14. TV'^'n Ps. 48:14. according to the 
 
 2.^ a military force, ahost Ex. 14: ^^suai punctuation, i. q. b^n no. 2. 
 
 28. -^nn ^^ a captain of the host, But the Sept. Vulg. Syr. Chald. Je- 
 
 2 Sam. !^4:2. ^n ^3 2, ^u;:i^ men rome and 18 MSS. read with Map- 
 
 of war, soldiers, Deut.3:18. 1 Sam, pik nbTl fromb'^n . 
 
 14:52. Ps.ll0:3^yrini-3in the ^'^^^ g gam. 10: 16. and DS^^H 
 day of thy power, i.e. at the time of ;^q;;^ j^^ a city not far from' the 
 
 drawing out thy forces. Euphrates, where David smote Ha- 
 
 3. substance, riches., wealth. Gen. dadezer 
 
 34:29. Job 20: 15. b^n ilW to ac- ^7 _^ ' . . , ., 
 
 ui r^ 4^ o '7rf \o o 4U I ^ " a sacerdotal city m the tribe of 
 quire wealth, Deut 8: 17, 18. Ruth ' v j u n. , r^u o 40 rro i 
 ^.jj ' ' Judah. Once 1 Chr. 6: 43. [58.] 
 
 4. figuratively integrity., virtue, 'j'^ri m. Job. 41 : 4. [12.] a Chaldaic 
 i. q. Lat. virtus, h^n ""'^^N men of form for in grace, beauty, gratia, 
 activity or integrity, Gen' 41: Q. Ex. (In Chald. in, also Ji2n , ^rn 
 18: 21, 25. b'^M n'iPJf: a virtuous wo- i.q. Heb. "jn.) 
 
 man Ruth SMl.Prov. 12:4 31: Y^n m. a a. Ezek. 13:10. (In 
 10. t^^TfiZ honest, virtuous, 1 Iv. 1: ' ~ ,. , * i , \ 
 
 52. hi^t^^^ to act virtuously, Prov. . ^^^'^- ^"^ ^^^^- '^^^"^0 
 
 31:29." '" "jiS^^n, fem. nsiit'^rj , denom. adj. 
 
 b. the strength of a tree, ipoetica]^ from' V^n, outer, external, Ezek. 
 
 ly for Its fruit. Joel 2: 22. comp. ns lO: 5. 40 : 17, 31. civil, in opposi- 
 
 Job 31: 39. fj^u ^o sacrecZ, 1 Chr. 26 : 29. in a 
 
 b'^n m. Chald. 1. strength. Dan. 3:4. somewhat different sense, Neh. 11: 
 
 ' "2. a host. Dan. 3: 20. 4: 32. [35.] 16. )^^T^ without, 1 K. 6: 29,30. 
 
 ^*^I7. *"^ ^n. " f'^c. I. a. P'^ri' rarely pn, m. dec, I. a. 
 
 1. a host. 2 K. 18:17. Once bn 1. the bosom. 1 K. 3: 20. Ex. 4: 6, 
 Obad. 20. also in the Keri of Ps.lO: 7. p'^na ^^'iJ <o ^"e on </ie bosom, 
 10 D'^N3-bn i/ie multitude of the de- i^ to have conjugal intercourse, 1 
 sponding; but the Kethib is pref- K. !:2. Mic. 7: 5. ^p-^n n^i3if( the 
 erable. See niDbn. wife that rests on thy bosom, Deut. 
 
 2. i.q. Lat. pomcerium, a space with- 13: 7. 28: 54. comp. verse 56. ^n'ii 
 nut the wall of a city, but considered pn2 a present in the bosom, i. e, a 
 
b^n 
 
 213 
 
 !Q5n 
 
 secret present. Pro v. 21: 14. comp. Arab. A^^ oculus ruhedine suffu- 
 
 17: 23. p-^n ';:i n-itjrj o render in- ^^^ ^^.^ ^ Gen. 49: 12. Hence 
 
 to the bosom of any one, i. e. to re- j^r^^h'^^n f denom. from -^b^bsn , red- 
 
 compense him, Ps. 79 : 12. Is. 6o: ' ' ~ r ,, r ' *j'Tr.i.;. 
 
 Q rj^ ' ne55, as of the eyes from drmkiog 
 
 ' 2* the bosom or lap of a garment. wine. Prov. 23: 29. 
 
 Prov. 16: 33. i2!Dn, fut. DSH^ ^'^ ^^ ^^ become wise^ 
 
 3, figuratively sinus currus^ the "^ - _ 
 
 hollow cavity of a chariot or t^ao-on, 
 1 K. 22: 35. </tc camty of an altar 
 where the fire burns, Ezek. 43: 13. 
 4. the inward part generally. Job 
 19: 27. 
 
 iD'^n i q. "ijrin to be in haste. Hence 
 nuj-'n P8. 71: 12 Kethib; and 
 
 ili'^n adv. in haste, soon. Ps. 90: 10. 
 
 *^tT m. with suff. n^n, dec. VIII. b. 
 
 to act wisely. Prov. 6*. 6. 23: 19. 
 Construed with an accus. Ecc. 2:19 
 "nasn-^:'] T}^^^'!? ''^.?^ *ny sub- 
 stance^ which I have earned by my 
 wisdom. 
 
 Pi. to make wise. Job 35: 11. 
 
 Hiph. idem. Ps. 19:8. 
 
 Hithpa. 1. to think onc\ self wise, 
 Ecc. 7: 16. 
 
 2. to act wisely^ construed with V. 
 Ex. 1: 10. 
 
 (Arab. <C>wA3., Aram. Iru-w.) the ajj] verbal adj. from D^n.dec. IV.c 
 
 1. skilful^ dexterous. Is. 3:3. (Sept. 
 Gog}6g.) Ex. 28: 3 sb-^?25n-?3 all 
 who are skilful workmen. 31:6. 35: 
 10. 36:1,2,8. Jer. 10: 9 11^^12 
 
 palate; (1.) as the organ of taste. 
 Job 12: 11. comp. 6: 30. Ps. 119: 
 103. (2.) as the organ of speech, 
 Prov. 8: 7 "^Sn HS?!^. nTp.N ''3 for 
 my palate speaks truth. Job 31 : 30/ 
 suffered not my palate to sin ; comp. 
 33: 2. Hos. 8:1 the trumpet to thy 
 palate ! i.e. to thy mouth ! 
 
 niDn to wait. Once Is. 30: 18. 
 
 Pi. J-isn idem. 2 K. 7: 9. Constru- 
 ed with an accus. or with b, to wait 
 for, Job 3: 21. 32:4. especially 
 tliJl'^b fisrj to wait {with confidence) 
 on Jehovah, Ps. 33:20. Is. 8: 17. In- 
 fin. with Chaldaic form "^sn, Hos. 
 6:9. 
 
 nSn f. an angle, hook. Job 40: 25. 
 ['4 1: 1.] Is. 19: 8. Hab. 1:15. Prob- 
 ably fem.of ^n the palate,asihe hook 
 catches in the palate or throat of the 
 
 D'^7jDJl a work of skilful men. Comp. 
 the Homeric expression eldvittv 
 nganldeg. 
 
 2. wise, intelligent J prudent. 
 Also artful, cunning, 2 Sam. 
 14: 2. Job. 5: 13. learned, abounding 
 in knowledge, compare what is said 
 of Solomon 1 K. 5:9. 14. [4:29. 
 34.] to be virtuous; freq. For the con- 
 nexion between wisdom and virtue 
 in the view of the ancient Hebrews, 
 see the maxim Job 28: 28. 
 
 3. plur. d'^^lsn the wise men in a 
 royal court, statesmen, philosophers, 
 Magians. Gen. 41 : 8. Ex. 7: 1 1. 
 Fern. ni"723ln Jer. 9 : 16. women 
 skilled {in lamentation.) Parall. 
 
 fish. (Also in Chald.) 
 nb'^Dn proper name of a hill in the ^^^.^ ^- verbal from dsn, dec. X. 
 desert of Ziph. 1 Sam. 23: 19. 26: 1. skill, dexterity. Ex. 28:3. 31:6. 
 
 1^ 3. Also joined with 'n\, 35: 26,35. 
 
 t2^3n Chald. wise. Dan. 2: 21. espe- ^ wisdom, intelligence. Prov. 1: 
 
 / ~ . . ^ 2. 7: 4. 
 
 cially a wise man, a Magian, Dan. t_u^i_>_ 
 
 2: 27. 5: 15. nUJH Chald. wisdom. Dan. 2: 30. 
 
 ^^^ rpt\ m. red, spoken of the eyes n*l/3Dn f. verbal from U'^n, wisdom. 
 inflamed with wine. (Root i)b)ni.q. Construed as a singular, (U^^ 
 
:^bn 
 
 214 
 
 nVn 
 
 ^^^y^^) Prov^9: 1. (comp. 14: 1.) celebrated for its wine, the commoo 
 
 as a plural, 24: 7. In other passa- drink of the Persian kings, 
 
 ges doubtful, 1:20 (where Jishn TiyihtlJ. galbanum, a powerful and 
 
 may also be plural.) Ps. 49: 4. yeVy fragrant gum procured from a 
 
 ni^i:ri f. wisdom; construed as a Syrian plant. Ex. 30 : 34. Comp. 
 
 singular. Prov. 14: 1. ,^*^^^" ^i^^^^^^' T- L P- 267. 
 
 ^n see b'^Ti * " ^ ' ^^^' ^^'^^' 1* i^ngth of life, 
 
 J . Ps. 39: 6. 89 : 48. (Root Arab. 
 
 Pn m. verbal from ^^n Pi. no. 4. " ^^/ 
 
 dec. I. profane^ common in opposi- ^AX^. to last, endure.) I 
 
 tion to holy or consecrated. Lev. 10: 2. life. Job 11: 17. 
 
 10. 1 Sam. 21: 5, 6. 3. world. {Comp.th^if.) Ps. 49:2. 
 
 *^^n 2Chr. 16: 12. i.q. T:bn to be sick, ^'^- ^^ ^\m t3^n72 men of the world, 
 
 ^L 
 
 i. q. yioa/,iog, John 15. 18, 19. 
 
 diseased. Deriv. fi^^nn. 
 
 D'^i^^n plural of -^n. "^^.^ "^- " "*^^- ^ev. 11 : 29. (Syr. 
 
 riwXbn f. dec. X. ru^f, for example, "^ Arab, idem. Root .^oa to dig,) 
 
 of "brazen pots. Ezek. 24:6 ff. (Root |. n^H l.tobe weak, feeble. Judg. 16: 
 
 perhaps i^bri i. q. Arab. ^:i>. /o rw6, '^ ' , . j v, oo ot 
 
 ^ '^ - ^ ' 2. fo 6e painec/. Prov. 23: 35. 
 
 j!o scrape ojf.) 
 Dr^n m. const, nbn (as if from iVn,) 
 with suff. "^sbn, dec. IV. c. milk, 
 sweet milk, different from J-5J<73n . 
 Gen. 18: 8. 49: 12. Prov. 27: 2^7! Is. 
 60: 16. 
 
 y^n and ^htl m. with suff. "isbn , 
 plur. d^lsbri, const, "^zrii, dec. VI. j. 
 and k. ^ * 
 
 1. fat. Gen. 4: 4. Lev. 3:3. figur- 
 atively the best or most eminent of 
 its kind, Num. 18: 12. ynj^tl ^\n, 
 the fat of the land, i.e. its best pro- 
 ductions, Gen. 45: 14. Q^csn i):n 
 Ps. 81: 17. 147: 14. and m'^irS nl^n 
 ntsn Deut. 32:14. (comp. Is.34:6 ) 
 the fat, the kidney fat of wheat, i. e. 
 the finest wheat, comp. Num. 18: 
 12. 
 
 2. figuratively a fat, i. e. an un- 
 feeling, heart. Ps. 17: 10. comp. 73: 
 
 5c 
 
 7. (Others comp. the Arab. v^^X:^ 
 
 pericardium.) 
 niil^n Judg. 1: 31. proper name of a 
 
 city in the tribe of Asher. 
 pln^n Ezek. 27: 18. in Greek Xa- 
 
 Ivpiav, now Aleppo, a city of Syria, 
 
 3. to be sick. Gen. 48: 1. 2 K.l^: 
 
 14.- T^^:j1 riN ilpn he was diseased 
 
 T . T T 
 
 in his feet, 1 K. 15 : 23. to suffer 
 from a wound, 2 K. 1: 2. 1 Sam. 31: 
 3. nbin ni^^l a sore evil, Ecc. 5: 12, 
 15. " 
 
 4. to be concerned about any one, 
 construed with ^y. 1 Sam. 22: 8. 
 
 Niph. ^bn?. ! ' ^^ exhausted, 
 ivearied, Jer. 12: 13. to be weak, 
 sick, Dan. 8:27. Part. fern. nbn3, 
 as 'Ti^nj JlS^J a 5ore wound, Jer. 14: 
 17. 30: 12." comp. 10: 19. Nab. 3: 
 19. 
 
 2. to be troubled about any thing, 
 construed with V?- Am. 6:6. Hence 
 Inbri^ di'^ a grievous or sorrowful 
 day. Is. 17: 11. (comp. Jer. 17: 16.) 
 
 Pi. inVn ^0 a^ic< with sickness, 
 Deut. 29: 21. Passively Ps. 77: 11 
 N^n TiiVn this is my infirmity. 
 
 Pu. pass, to become weak. Is. 14: 
 10. 
 
 Hiph. pret. ^^nrt Is. 53: 10. Mic. 
 6:1.3. 
 
 1. to cause a wound to be malig- 
 nant ; hence metaphorically to af- 
 flict, to grieve. Prov. 13: 12. 
 
 2. intrans. Hos. 7 : 5 on the [fes- 
 tival) day of our king^ D'^'^to ^1:nJ^ 
 
\^n 215 "^bn 
 
 r.!.rittr; the princes fell iU from n^*'^Vn f. verbal from i2Jl:n, over- 
 
 the heat of wine. , ,, ,^ ^, Ihrow' defeat. Ex. 32: 18. 
 
 Hoph. to be wounded. 1 K. 22:34. i ' -^ 
 
 Hithpa. 1. to become sick, from nPn Ca/ac/iee, proper name of a 
 
 grief. 2 Sam. 13: 2. province in the northern part of 
 
 2. to feign one's self sick. 2 Sam. Assyria. 2 K. 17:6. 18: 11. 
 
 ^^Lf'^- . ^ ^v^^ .> n^nbrif verbal from Pilpel of Ir^n. 
 
 . .. ., - 7 ^ .. _7 . T, J ^^^^^ ^g ^^ j^ woman m travail. 
 
 II. TlrJl found only in Piel, and in Is. 21: 3. 
 
 the phrase d "^ps nVn which sig- 2. pain, cZistms, terror. Nah. 2: 
 
 nifies (1.) io/a/rer or caress, name- ^ /^- ^^^^' ^^- ^' ^* 
 
 ly, a prince in order to obtain some tJpH found only 1 K. 20:33 ^I'^H^.'I 
 
 favour. Job U: 19. Prov. 19:6. Ps. !i3^72ri robn'"^ prob. they hastened 
 
 45:13 the rich among the people and ' sought' confirmation whether it 
 
 shall flatter thee. (2.) to supplicate herefrom him. In the Mishnah (T. 
 
 any one, to ask his favour. Ex. V. p.216 T. IV p. 42. 142. ed. 
 
 r 9^1' l^?T' ^n * Q \ f' If' Surenhus.) tD^'n signifies to confirm '; 
 b. 2 11.13: 14. IJan. 9 : 13. (^In hence perhaps'in our passage caus- 
 
 i_ , , . 1 \C ^ atively to seek confirmation. The 
 
 Kal probably i. q. Arab. ^;^, Syr. form may be regarded as the fut. 
 
 ^1^>^ to be sweet, pleasant, accepta- Hiph. (see ^'dH ;) or perhaps it 
 ble; hence literally in Piel to make , '^^"^^ ^^ P^"^^'^ ""^n- 
 the face of any one serene, to make him ^PH m. plur. D"'>ibn, dec. VI. an or* 
 friendly.) namentfor the neck, a necklace. Prov. 
 
 nVn f dec. X. a ca^e. 2 Sam. 6: 19. or ,o n . n o fK ^ ^V^ 
 . ,, , / 25:12. Cant. 7:2. (Arab. /^rA^ 
 
 especially one presented as an of- ^-^^^^ \ ^ S;* 
 
 fering, Lev. 8: 26. 24: 5. Root bi^n Ji^ '^ 
 
 to bore through ; probably because <V/ '" P^"^^ ''.^' P^"^* ^''>xO: ^^r- 
 
 the cakes were perforated, as '^al from n^H no. I. dec. VI. q. 
 
 among the Arabians and modern 1. sickness. Deut. 7: 15. 28: 61. 
 
 Jews. Is. 1:5 "^^nb Uifi^'T^S the whole head 
 
 tJ'lVn m. plur. niaiVn, verbal from " bfome dlkness i e. is very sick. 
 , - 2. a moral evil, f m the constitu- 
 
 D^n, dec. I. a dream. Gen 20 : 3, 6. tion of the world.) Ecc. 6: 2. 
 
 31: 10, 11, 24. 3. grief, afjliction. Ecc. 5: 16. 
 
 p >n com. gen. (m. Josh. 2: 18. f. t\^hU fem. of ^b.q, dec. X. a necklace. 
 
 Ezek. 41: 16.) Plurlai Joel 2: 9. Hos. 2: 15. [13.1 
 
 and ni Ezek. 40 : 16. a window. Lk,Lta,* 
 
 lisnn 153 through the -window, Ge. "^-^ "' ''"^''' *"'"'" -'-'3' <>'= "' " 
 
 26: 8." Jo'sh. 2: 15. Judg. 5: 28. ">''' ?'?' '* ^= '^^ ^0^ 29- 1 K. 
 
 . . 1 : 40. 
 
 "Jl^n Josh. 15:51. 21:15. Jer.48:21. ^VSn j^S^lT a r v -. 
 ' , , , n'^Pn and n77n adv. /ar 6c it, 
 
 a sacerdotal city in the tribe of Ju- ' * "^ ^ ' ^ 
 
 dah ; perhaps the same with \b'^n ^^^ forbid. (Liter, base, profane, 
 
 1 Chr. 6: 43. [6: 58.] " * see bbn Pi. and Hiph.) 1 Sam. 20: 
 
 tll^n r /./or/ ^ \ w J t> 2 n^^n i<b ilb">bn God forbid; 
 
 >\\ri}m. act oj leaving behind. Prov. x " ;^ ''. t -f ' 
 
 t/tow shall not die ; comp. 2: 30. 
 
 31: 8 ;)ibn"'32 children left behind, '^b nh^hn construed with p and 
 
 orpAan*. (Arab. LAX^ conj. II. <o an infinitive, /ar 6e i^/ro/n me 5o <o 
 
 leave children behind.) act^ Gen. 18: 25. 44: 7, 17. Josh.24; 
 
bhn 
 
 216 
 
 bbn 
 
 16. comp. Job 34: 10. or with dN 
 and a finite verb, in the same sense, 
 Job 27: 5. 1 Sam. 14: 45 (without 
 %) 2 Sam. 20: 20. In each of the 
 above constructions we sometimes 
 find tl??l^?3 before Jehovah inserted, 
 1 Sam^24:7. 26: 11. 1 K.21:3. 
 Hence Josh. 22 : 29 JiDb 'rib'^'^n 
 nirt"a "^h^b nS73?3 God forbid that 
 we shoidd rebel against him. We 
 find a different phraseology 1 Sam. 
 20: 9 far be it from thee (instead of 
 me) that I shoidd know.. ..and not tell 
 thee, 
 
 SnlD'^^n f. verbal from ^"^n, dec X. 
 change., alternation. 2 K.5 : 5 lip:;? 
 D'^*T!i2 n'is'^bn ten changes of raiment^ 
 i.e. ten complete suits, verses 22,23. 
 Judg. 14: 12, 13. Gen. 45: 22. also 
 without D^n^2, Judg. 14: 19. Job 
 10: 17 i<2^f 'm'cb.n changes and 
 armies^ i.e. armies constantly re- 
 cruiting. Job 14: 14 Tlf^bn my 
 change., i.e. the happy change of my 
 destiny. Plur. m*S)"^b.n as an adv. by 
 courses., alternately^ 1 K. 5: 28. [14.] 
 
 nS'^^n f. verbal from yh_r\, dec. X. 
 spoils stripped from an enemy., booty .^ 
 exuvicB. 2 Sam. 2:21. Judg. 14: 19. 
 
 niDVn (for N't^bn) adj. masc. Ps. 10: 
 8. in pause T'Ob'n verse 14. Plur, 
 D'^i^sbr', verse 10. poo?-, unfortunate, 
 
 ' Root Arab. ^^X:^ to be dark, to be 
 unfortunate. The word is quadriliter- 
 al, and the n-:;r or t?-^ (like Ji-_ in 
 in Sil'ni^,) originally a He paragog- 
 ic, but afterwards regarded and 
 treated as a radical. It is, however, 
 doubtful whether the vowel points 
 are correct; for the present points 
 belong to the Keri Jl^bt; thy host, 
 and plur. d''i<S bn the company of 
 the desponding. A short vowel in 
 the first syllable would be more 
 conformable to analogy. 
 
 !rpn 1. to bore or pierce through, 
 
 (Arab. A^;)and intrans. to be pierc- 
 ed through or 'njcounded. Ps. 109: 
 
 22. Deriv. ^''b.n, iibn, 'j'i>ir[, bbn. 
 
 Comp. Pi. and Pu. 
 
 2. 10 loose, to open, to break, (in 
 
 Arab. V^, but probably kindred 
 
 with A^ .) See Pi. and Hiph. 
 
 Pi.l. to wound, smite. Ezek.28:9. 
 
 2. to break, violate (a covenant.) 
 Ps.55:20. 89: 35. Mai. 2: 10. 
 
 3. to open, make common. 
 nan bip.lr to prostitute one^s daugh- 
 rer,"Lev.* 19: 29. comp. 21. 7, 14. 
 Hence, because what is permitted 
 or common, is opposed to what is 
 sacred, 
 
 4. to profane., pollute, dejile ; e.g. 
 the priest, the sanctuary. Lev. 19: 
 8. 21: 9fr. Mai. 2:11. the sabbath, 
 Ex.31: 14. the name of God, Lev. 
 18:21. 19:12. the bed of one's fa- 
 ther, (by incest,) Gen. 49: 4. Ps. 
 89:40 i^TD yM^b nbVn thou pro- 
 
 fanest {and easiest) to the ground his 
 diadem. Comp. 74:7. Ezek. 28 : 16. 
 ^'^!^yi -c.n *^ profane a vineyard^ 
 namely, by gathering its fruits, af- 
 ter it had been consecrated, (see 
 Lev. 19: 23.) hence in general t9 
 use or improve it, Deut. 20: 6. 28: 
 30. Jer.31:5. 
 
 5. denom.from b"'bft * to blow the 
 
 -r ' 
 
 flute or pipe. 1 K. 1 : 40. 
 
 Pu. pass, of Piel no 1. Ezek. 32: 
 26. pass, of Piel no.4. Ezek. 36: 
 
 23. Deriv. Vh profane. 
 
 Niph. bn: (for' bn3.) infin. Vlnrt 
 (like D73ln,) fut. bn^ l:nn ; pass, of 
 Pi.no 4. *Ezek. 7r24. 20:9,14,22. 
 Lev. 21:4. 
 
 Hiph. bnirt 1. to loose, set free. 
 Hos. 8: 10 (with ^72.) 
 
 2. to break or violate (a promise.) 
 Num. 30: 3. 
 
 3. i.q. Pi. no. 4. to profane. Ezek. 
 89: 7. 
 
 4. to open, to begin; construed 
 for the most part with an infin. 
 either with or without ^ , Gen. 10: 
 8. Deut. 2: 25, 31. rarely with a fi- 
 nite verb, Deut. 2: 24, 31. 1 Sam. 
 3: 12 inVlD"' blntl beginning and 
 ending, i, e. from beginning to end. 
 
^hn 
 
 217 
 
 Y^n 
 
 Gen. 9: 20 In^'i^i.ri t'^ii tib VH^I 
 a7id JVoah began to be an husband- 
 man. 
 
 Hoph. pass, to be begun. Gen. 4: 
 26. 
 
 Deriv. ^iVnn. 
 
 y/H m. verbal adj. from bbn, dec. 
 IV. c. 
 
 1. pierced through \ hence mor' 
 tally wounded^ Job 24: 12. Ps. 69: 
 27. Jer 51:22. and more frequent- 
 ly, slain (in battle,) Dent. 21: 1,2, 
 3, 6. i").n bbn slain with the 
 sword^ Num. 19:16. also, as an nnti- 
 thesis to this phrase, S5?*\ '^^n the 
 slain with hunger^ Lam. 4: 9. comp. 
 Is. 22: 2. 
 
 2. profane,, unholy. (See the verb 
 in Pi. no 4.) Ezek. 21:30. [25.] 
 Fem. nlrrn (joined with ti:iT,) a 
 defiled, i. e. defloured, i;irgiw, Lev. 
 21:-7, 14. 
 
 I. D^n, fut. Dbn\ <o dream. Gen.37: 
 
 - ^ ' ..-7 
 
 5 ff. Divine revelations were often 
 communicated through dreams ; 
 hence diirtl D^/n a dreamer of 
 
 dreams, i. q. il''n3 a prophet, Deut. 
 13:2. comp. /oel 3:1. [2:28.] 
 Num. 12:6. 
 
 Hiph. causat. of Kal, to cause to 
 dream. Jer. 29: 8. 
 
 II. u ^<n as in Syriac, to be strong, 
 healthy. Job 39: 4. 
 
 Hiph. causat. of Kat, to restore to 
 health, to recover. Is. 38: 16. 
 
 Q?n m. emph. Nttlrn, Chald. a 
 dream. Dan. 2: 4 if. "i: 2 ff. [4: 5 ff.] 
 
 n'l!2'^n f. found only Job 6: 6. prob. 
 according to the Targums and the 
 Jewish commentators, i. q. p^btl 
 and "jlzbri the yelk of an egg ; hence 
 ri^JaVn '^'^) the saliva of the yelk, 
 the white of an egg. 
 
 'C^^12 >n m. a quadriliteral, a hard 
 stone, flint. Job 28 : 9. Ps. 1 14: 8. 
 Jomed with 'iiliE, Deut.8:15. 32:13. 
 
 5l7n, fut. p]Vn% poetically for 'las?. 
 
 28 *' 
 
 1 . to pass, to go by, to go away. 
 Job 4: 15. 9:26. Cant. 2: 11. 
 
 2. to go on. 1 Sam. 10:3. 
 
 3. to perish, disappear. Is. 2: 18. 
 
 4. to transgress (the law.) Is. 
 24:5. 
 
 5. to go through ; but only causa- 
 lively to pierce through. Judg. 5: 26. 
 Job 20: 24. 
 
 6. to attack, to press in a hos' 
 tile manner. Job 9:1 1 . 11:10. Spok- 
 en of the wind, ls.21:l. of a stream, 
 8:8. 
 
 7. to put forth new shoots, to be- 
 come verdant, tn renew its youth. Ps. 
 90: 5,6 Hab. 1:11 T\W ^\n T 
 then his courage shall renew itself. 
 (Syr. in Aph. Arab. conj. IV. idem.) 
 
 Pi. to change (one's garments.) 
 Gen. 41:14. 2 Sam. 12: 20. (Syr. 
 Pa. idem.) 
 
 Hiph. 1. to change, exchange. 
 Gen. 35:2. Lev. 27: 10. Ps. 102:27. 
 
 2. to alter. Gen. 31: 7,41. 
 
 3. causat. of Kal no. 7. to cause to 
 grow, Is. 9: 9. and intrans. to sprout 
 or ^rorw. Job 14:7. Hence with rb, 
 to renew one''s strength,\s. 40: 31. 41: 
 1. also without nb, in the same 
 sense. Job 29: 20. 
 
 Deriv. out of course ;]"i^n , 
 
 Pji^n Chald. to pass, spoken of time. 
 Dan. 4: 13,20,29. [4: 16,23,32,] 
 
 p| iP.i7. strictly a subst. exchange, (from 
 p|^n ;) hence as a prep, for, in ex- 
 change for. Num. 18:21,31. 
 
 shoe.)" Deut. 26: 9, 10. Is. 20: 2. 
 
 2. to draw out (the breast.) Lam. 
 4:3. 
 
 3. to withdraw one^s self, constru- 
 ed with p. Hos. 5: 6. 
 
 Pi. 1. to pull out ; e. g. stones 
 from a wall. Lev. 14:40, 43. 
 
 2. to deliver. 2 Sam. 22: 20. Ps. 
 6:5. 50: 15. 81:8. 
 
 3. as in Syriac, to rob, plunder. 
 Ps. 7: 5 Dj^'^n ''^I'ii ?^^V^^^^ and 
 have robbed him who was my enemy 
 without cause. Comp. ?iii:'^bn;* '* *s 
 
phn 
 
 218 
 
 i?Vn 
 
 tetter, however, with the Chaldaic 
 version, to make ybn i. q. ynb to 
 oppress ; namely, I oppressed my en- 
 emy without cause. 
 
 N'lph. to be delivered.' Prov. 11:8. 
 Ps. 60:7. 108:7. i 
 
 Deriv. nillbna. 
 
 II. yTH in Kal not used. 
 
 !Nij)h. to prepare Jor action^ to arm 
 for battle. (Comp. Syr. | ^2:^.k* 
 
 accinctus ad opus.) Prob. a denom. 
 from Y^Ti the loins^ namely, to gird 
 up one's loins. Num. 32: 17, 20. 31: 
 3. Part, yribn and ^nsj y^bri pre- 
 pared for battle^ in battle- array .,Nuin, 
 32:21,27,29 ff. Deut. 3:18. Josh. 6: 
 7 ff. Is. 15: 4 n^lT: '^bn the war- 
 
 T -t 
 
 riors ofMoab; (in the parallel pas- 
 sage Jer. 48: 41 SNi^-^^iaa.) 
 
 Hiph. to strengthen^ alacrem^ expe- 
 ditum reddere. Is. 58: 11. 
 
 Q'jSpn dual, dec. IV. c. loins. Job 38: 
 
 3 gird up now thy loins like a man,i.e. 
 prepare forcontest.40:7. Gen. 35: 11 
 kings shall come out of thy loins, i. e, 
 shall be begotten of thee. 
 
 "pbT], fut. p'!:n^ 1. to be smooth,{ATj:.. 
 
 lAXcw idem.) Hos. 10 : 2. Meta- 
 phorically to be flattering, Ps. 55 : 
 22. 
 
 ^. "^ ^ 
 
 2. to divide. (Arab. L^X^tJem.) 
 Josh. 14:5. 18:2. 22:8. most fre- 
 quently to divide among them- 
 selves., to share, 2 Sam. 19: 29. 1 Sam. 
 30. 24 ^pbri^ T^H]! ^^^y *^^^' ^^^^^ 
 alike. Prov. 17:2 and shall share or 
 partake of the inheritance among the 
 brethren. (Num. 18:20.) comp. Job 
 27: 17. Construed with d:?, to share 
 with any one, Prov. 29:24. with b, 
 to divide to any one, Deut. 4:19. 
 29: 25. Neh. 13: 13. with b of the 
 person and 2 of the thing, to give 
 one a part in any thing, Job 39: 17 
 n3''22 nb pbn-^bl and hath not 
 given her {the ostrich) understand- 
 ing, 2 Chr. 28: 21 Ahaz divided the 
 
 house of God and the house of the 
 king and of the princes, i.e. he plun- 
 dered them of their treasures. Sept. 
 llal^&v TO. iv TM oixM. Comp. pb.Ii 
 booty Job 17:5. 
 
 Niph. 1. to divide one^s self Gen. 
 14: 15 do'^b?? pbn^.T he divided him- 
 self [and came) upon them. Job 38: 
 24. 
 
 2. to be divided out. Num. 26: 
 53, 55. 
 
 Pi. 1. as in Kal, to divide, e.g. 
 the booty. Gen. 49:27. Ps. 68: 13. 
 Construed with '^,to distribute among, 
 2 Sam: 6: IP. 'is. 34 : 17. 53:12 
 0*^3^5 nb pbnt? f ^iU assign to him 
 {his lot) among the mighty. 
 
 2. to scatter. Gen. 49: 7. Lam. 4: 
 16. 
 
 Pu. pass. Is. 33: 23. 
 
 Hithpa. to divide for themselves. 
 Josh. 18:5. 
 
 Hiph. 1. <o smoo^A, /a6our, spok- 
 en of an artificer. Is. 41:7. 
 
 2. joined with 'jvijb Ps.5:10. 
 Prov. 28: 23. or with d""'"i73M Prov. 
 
 T -J 
 
 2:16. 7:5. to make smooth one^s 
 tongue, one^s words, i. e. to flatter ; 
 also without these additions in the 
 same sense, Prov. 29: h p'"bn'Q ^'y% 
 IW'n b? a man who flatters or dis- 
 sembles to his neighbour. Ps.36: 3: 
 
 3. causat. of Kal no. 2. Jer. 37: 
 12 d"^^ pbnb to fetch his inheri- 
 tance fro7n thence. Others: to es- 
 cape from thence. (On the order of 
 the significations, see D^73.) 
 
 Deriv. out of course np;bln^ 5 
 npbn^. 
 
 p^n m. verbal adj. from p^n . 
 
 1. smooth, without hair. Gen. 27: 
 11. Spoken of a mountain, uncover- 
 ed. Josh. 11:17. 12:7. Figuratively, 
 Prov. 5: 3. 
 
 2. flattering. Prov. 26: 28. 
 
 3. false, deceifut. Ezek. 12: 24. 
 comp. 13: 7. 
 
 ^y^. Chald. part, lot, portion. Ezra 
 4: *16. Dan. 4. 12, 20. [4: 15, 23.] 
 Comp. pbn. 
 
f?n 219 an 
 
 nip^.n plur. fern, verbal from p^^, f^ ^^^^^^ ^"^^' ^ S^"^' l^* 3^' ^^^ 
 
 P^f<ene5. Dan. 11: 32. ta--Li- 
 
 Lj-, w. 1 1 1 r tip ^ n f. verbal from pbn, ilec.X.di- 
 
 7n m. with suff. ybn, verbal from ''. -: ' - '' 
 
 p^'n, dec. VI. j. "" ^Y"* ^^*''[;^^V* 
 
 <^c smooth^ i. e. un wooded, parfs Jehovah) Hilkiah^ 
 
 of the valley, (comp. pbn no. 1. i. a high-priest under king Josi- 
 
 The Dagesh in }; is' ' eupho- ah. 2 K. 22: 8, 12. 
 
 nic.) Hence figuratively flattery^ 2. the father of Jeremiah. Jer. 
 
 Prov.7:21. 1:1. 
 
 ^ part, portion Josh. 14 : 4 p^pl^pt^^ j^^. fem. verbal from 
 
 p^n3 pl:.ri i/i equal portions, Deut. ' -:--: '^ 
 
 18:8. Especially (1.) e porfion o/ P-^' , r or ^ t 
 
 </ic 6oo<2/. Gen. 14:24. hence the 1- ^^W^*-!/ r^^- P^' 2^- ^- ^^'' 
 
 booty itself. Job 17 : 5 Va"' plrnb 23:12. ^ ,. . , . 
 
 , / ' , . . .- ' " 2. flatteries, arts of dissimulation, 
 
 C^5?n (72?Ao) betrays his friends for Djjj,. H: 21 34. 
 
 ", ^T/ '^*" ; ' . ^<n 1. fut. :;VrT^,<o discomfit, de- 
 
 ^31pD DN, ai> / ^are or have not a ;. -^ ' ";; . 1 -^u v., 
 
 r' -n in Q /ear. Ex.17: 13. Construed with -2, 
 
 portion with anyone, Deut. 10: 9. -^^ ^^ y^ _.,;sVn 
 
 12:12. 14:27,29. or with a of the ^s. 14 1.. i;eriv. nJi.ri- 
 
 thing, Ecc. 9 : 6. Also figuratively, j^ ..' /c i?*k 
 
 <o Aare or not have some concern or P^ ^^- ^^^ 14:^10. (byr. bthpe. 
 
 something to do with any one, 2 Sam. debilitatus est ; ).a^^ debilis.) 
 
 20: 1. 1 K.12: 16. P.s.50.18. (3.) p^n j,^^;^ .^^_ 
 
 ip5?''</ic pora'on o/7aco&,i.e. Jehovah, __,v^ T . /. ^ r / 
 
 xu '"u- * r u- I- T i^MD^n m. verbal from '::bn,^ca^./- 
 
 the object ol his worship. Jer. 10: r~ ., , r . Tn' 
 
 16. 51: 19. comp. Deut. 4: 19. Ps. ^^'' J^el 4: 10. [3: 10.] 
 
 16:5. 142:6. I. DH m.with suff. r|-'?3n,n'^^n, prim. 
 
 2. a portion of land, afield. 2 K. j^.^.^" a//Aer-m-/atiy. Gen. 38: 13,25. 
 
 9: 10,36,37. Hence land, in oppo- (Comp. ni^n.) 
 
 sition to sea. Am. 7: 4. jy ^^.^ 
 
 4. Ki"0?^. Ecc. 2: 10. 3:22. ^^- CH a proper name. 
 
 5: 17. Job 20: 29. 31 : 2 nilrt^ pVn 1. Ham, son of Noah, from whom, 
 
 iot orrfained o/ Gorf. " ""' " " according to Gen. 10: 6. 20. most 
 
 v_ r _ of the southern nations were de- 
 
 pyn_ verbal adj. from p^n, dec I. gcended. The name literally de- 
 
 5moot/i.lSam.l7:40D''5nfi!{ "p'^nn'^Tsn notes perhaps warm or southern. 
 
 five smooth among the stones, i.e. five See DTDH, and comp. nD^ 
 
 smooth stones. Comp. similar phra- 2. a poetical name for Egypt, 
 
 ses Is. 29: 19. Hos. 13: 2. probably of Egyptian derivation, 
 
 nphn f. verbal from pbP, dec. XIl.c. t,ut to the Hebrew presenting the 
 
 ''/ , r^ n^ ic Di same literal signification as above. 
 
 1. smoothness. Gen. 27: 16. Plur. ^j^ ^gvpt. XW^^ ^W^^ ^^' ^'^^- 
 smooth ov slippery places, Vs. 13:\S. pg 73:51 105-23 27 106:22. 
 
 2. flattery. Prov. 6: 24. Plur. ^^^ ' " ' ' 
 
 nip^n icZm, 18.30:10. m'pbtl nsto HI. Cn verbal adj. from a^n, dec. 
 
 a flattering lip, Ps. 12:3,4. ' Vlll. a. /lof, ty arm. Josh. 9:12. Plur. 
 
 3. a part or portion; hence with tJ-^^n, Job 37: 17. 
 
 ln'lU5 a pece of land, Gen. 33: 19. QH m. verbal from D^m, /ica^ warmth, 
 
 Ruth 2: 3. also without addition in Gen. 8: 22. ^ ^ 
 
"iizn 220 ^ rm 
 
 8<^^n see nm. ni^^n and ni^^r:n fern. plur. 
 
 N/2n, fi<'^ n f. Cha]d./jert<, ano-er, i.q. verbal ir om "17211^ preciousness^ pre- 
 
 Heb. n72n.* Dan. 3: 13, 19. cious things. Dan. 1 1:38, 43. "^152, 
 
 riiJ^^^n f. 1. i/iicA: or curdled milk. (In rri^^.tl "?3 beautiful garments, cost- 
 Arab. U:^ spissum et velut durum % ^"^^^^^ '^'^"- .-^ /^> ^,?'k^K 
 >:i /ac.) Gen. 18: 8. R 7: 15, 22. ^o. min^^n Dh!:. rich food, (wh.ch 
 2 Sam. 17:29. In the poetic paral- those who fast must abstain from,) 
 lelisu), it acquires perhaps the same Dan. 10 : 3. m*1^7jn "^"'i*. Dan. 10: 
 meanini? as n'^n, Job 20:17. Judg. 11,19. and without ui^N 9:23. a man 
 6:25. Deul. 32:'l4. greatly beloved.^ a favourite {of 
 
 2. cheese. Prov. 30 : 33. (This heaven.) 
 
 word is often rendered 6wr/er,which, l/2n fern, of dn dec. X. 
 
 however, is hardly known to the ^ " ^^\^^^^ ^ ^.^^^^ ;^j ^^^ ;^^^ 
 
 ^ orientahst., except as a medicme.) ^;,^.,,^. {^^ ^,^^ poetically for 
 
 l^n , fut n/2n\ 1. to desire, covet, the sun. Job 30: 28. Cant. 6: 10. Is. 
 
 lus] after, strive for. Gen. 20: 17. 30:26. (In the Mishnah often in this 
 
 34: 24. Mic. 2: 2. sense.) 
 
 2. to take pleasure in, to delight in. 2. warmth, heat. Ps. 19: 7. 
 
 Ps.68:17. Is. 1:29. Prov. 12:12. I. iTi'Zn f. (for SiTsn^) const. nTSH, 
 
 With a pleonastic dative ib, Prov. ^erbal'from Dn^ dec. XI. b. heai, 
 
 1:22. i^iiri. '-inTzn what is most pleas- ^ "^ . . t n -n 
 
 ant or beaut fuO oh 20: 20. Ps. 39: "^^^''^ ^^"- ^^i '*4. Jer. 6 : 1 1.-- 
 
 12. Is.44:9 Dn^^^):n their pleas- ^'l^ V.^^l ^'^ Jer. 2o: 15. and 
 
 ant things, i. e. their 7dols ; (comp. ^^m' ^^=' ^^-^l^^^- the wme cup of 
 
 Dan. 1 1 : 37.) his wrath, which Jehovah causes the 
 
 Niph. part. -;72n: I. lovely, pleas- nations to drink. Comp. Apoc. 16 : 
 
 ant, desirable. G;n!'2: 9. 3: 6. ^^' ^"^ . ^^^ ^1: 20 of the wrath of 
 
 2. costly, precious. Ps. 19: 11. the Almighty he shall drink. 
 
 Prov 21- '^0 poison, irom its /jof burnmg^ 
 
 Pi.' ro J/.e fZe/%/i/ k, construed "^^"^^' ^^^"t. 32: 24. Ps. 58: 5. 
 
 wilh 2. Cant. 2:3. II. H'Qn i. q. lr:i<^n mi//:. Job 29:6. 
 
 ^^^ Deriv. out of course n^P^^. yi^H^m. verbal from y^gn no. II. a/i 
 
 i'^.n m. verbal from ^iJzn, pleasant- evildoer, i.q. yj2Y\. Is. 1: H. 
 
 ne.ss, beauty. Ezek. 23: 6. ""^^'^ r'^'^rr ..k i f ^.^ -^*-.-, A^n f 
 
 ' -^ : ^M/Jn m. verbal Irom pttH, dec. 1, 
 
 1J2n pleasant fields. Is. 32:12. comp. . ., r^,. fV-7o ^-^v( 
 
 ,. ^,. ' ' ^ circfuf, compass. Cant. /: 2 V^aH 
 
 Am. 5:11. , . . ^ , , , ' ^ 
 
 ta.bu^^. ^"D"^"* me circuit of thy thighs. 
 
 ^pHfem.of^^^n, decIII.c. T *^;^^ ^y.' ; f , 
 ^ . , . ; . . , . ^1. J^,/J< I J I/UM m. dec. 1. a he-ass, 
 
 1 . a wishing^ desiring, longing. 2 ": " 
 
 Chr. 21: 20 Tai2n iVb^ without be- Gen. 49: 14. Ex. 13: 13. So called 
 
 in^ lamented, neaiiaidesideratus. Perhaps from his reddish colour, 
 
 2. o6;6Cf f/c/mV6. 1 Sam. 9: 20. "'hence the ass is also called in 
 Dan. 11: 37 D^'^j^. ni?3n the desire Span, burro, burrico. 
 
 of women, perhaps the goddess of H- "I'l^n' I'^H m. dec. I. i.q. '^^.h 
 
 the Syrians. ^^^ Hj^ ;^ So on account of 
 
 3. Pitasantness, preciousness. X^i^, ^^^^ paronomasia, Judg 15: 16. 
 ln"':r; a pleasant land, Jer. 3: 19. D''n'n73n Ti73n 'littnn Tl^a w^ii^ 
 Ez<^k. 26: 12. JT^T^n ^b3 co5</^ ves- an ass^ jawbone, (/ smote) one heap, 
 e/5, 2Chr. 32:27. 36: 1'a two heaps. 
 
:)2n 
 
 221 
 
 ytJH 
 
 nht3n f. (for nin fern, of ^n i. q. 
 ''tjn or an ; comp. the form ninJ<;) 
 dec. 111. a. a mother-in-law. Ruth 1: 
 
 14. 2: II. 
 
 I2^_n m. found only Lev. 11:30. prob. 
 a species of lizard. Sept. auvija. 
 Vulg. lacerta. 
 
 y^^n m. adj. salted. Is. 30 : 24 ^"^'rs 
 y^n 5tt//et/ fodder., i. e. fodder 
 sprinkled with salt, or mixed with 
 salt hay. Comp. Bocharti Hie- 
 roz. T. I. p. 113. Faber zii Har- 
 mer'sBeobachtungen Uber d. Orient, 
 Th. I. p. 409. 
 
 ^P'^n and '^oim, fern, n"^^, 
 Ji/th.ri'^^L^'qn the fifth /5ar/,(ng>r! 
 beina^ omitted,) Gen. 47: 24. Flur. 
 )\T'uJn itsfjth parts^ Lev. 5: 24. 
 
 7^n, fut. b72n:, infin. fib'Dn (Ezek. 
 
 16^ 5.) ' 
 
 \.to have compassion^ to pity; con- 
 strued with ^2? of the person, Ex.2: 
 6. 1 Sam. 23:~21. 
 
 2. to spure^ to save. 1 Sam. 15: 3, 
 
 15. 2Chr. 36: 15,17. Construed 
 with^N, ls.9: 18. 
 
 3. in reference to things, to spare, 
 tscithhold. Jer. 50: 14. 2 Sam. 12:4. 
 
 il/^n f. verbal from ';:?3n , dec. X. 
 
 -r ; .' - T ' 
 
 pity., mercy, kindness. Gen. 19: 16, 
 Is. 63: 9. 
 
 Dion, fut. dn"^, to be or become warm. 
 Ex. 16:21.--Qrn Dn3 a^ mid-day. 
 Gen. 18:1. 1 Sam. 1 1 ': 9. Impers. 
 lb Dtl he had heat, 1 K. 1:2. Ecc. 
 4:11. 
 
 Niph. fut. riTiTT^ Hos. 7 : 7. part. 
 ai73n3 Is. 57: 5. to be hot with zeal 
 or passion. 
 
 Pi. to warm. Job 39: 14. 
 
 Hithpa. to warm one'' s self. Job 31: 
 20. 
 
 n^'^vjn maac. plur. dec. I. idols, ima- 
 ges. Lev. 26: 30. Is. 17: 8. 27: 9. E- 
 zek. 6 : 4, 6. comp. 2 Chr. 34 : 4. 
 Usually interpreted more definitely. 
 
 pillars consecrated to the sun, as if 
 from Timn the sun , but that word 
 in this sig-nification occurs only in 
 later poetic usage. Others, tutelary 
 deity, as if from ^?3n i.q. Arab. W^ 
 to protect. 
 
 'Ol2n, fut. D72ri^, to tear off, to pluck ; 
 e.g. fruit, Job 15:33. foliage, Lam. 
 2:6. 
 
 2. to treat with violence, to op- 
 press., to injure. Jer. 22 : 3. Prov. 8: 
 36 T*l;Dw Dl'S'n injuring himself. 
 Job 21:27 / know nD72nn "^b^ m'7at72 
 the opinions whereby ye injure me, i.e. 
 which ye injuriously attribute to 
 me. n'rn'n D'an to violate or trans- 
 gress the lazv, Ezek. 22 : 26. Zeph. 
 3: 4. 
 
 Niph. to be treated with violence; 
 hence in Jer. 13: 22, to be made bare 
 by force. (These two significations 
 are also united in bja and pTZiy.) 
 
 D53n m. verbal from D^n, dec. IV.c. 
 
 XT - t' 
 
 1. violence, wrong. Gen. 6: 1 1,13. 
 49: 5. D^n *:;''{< a violent man^ 
 Ps.l8:49. Prov.3:3l.Dttn *-\^^a false 
 witness, Ex. 23: 1. The following 
 genitive is often used passively, 
 ''DTzn the wrong done to me. Gen. 16: 
 5. comp. Joel 4: 19. [3: 19.] Obad. 
 10. also actively, Ps. 7: 17. 
 
 2. ill gotten wealth. Am. 3: 10. 
 Plur. n^6j2n Prov. 4: 17. 
 
 ^- V?.r[? ^"'- 'T'^Hvi *"fi"- ^^'^n, to 
 
 be sour or bitter ; hence spoken of 
 bread, to be leavened, Ex. 12: 39. 
 
 Hiph. part, intrans. n^^.HTa some- 
 thing leavened. Ex. 12: 19, 20. 
 
 Hithpa. to be imbittered, pained, 
 or grierec?. Ps. 73: 21. (Chald. Pa. 
 to occasion sorrow or pain.\ 
 
 IL Y^n i. q. 0J2n to do wrons^ to 
 commit an unlawful action. y73'n an 
 evildoer, Ps. 71:4. (Rabbm. ):zm 
 raptor, from ^12^ = Dign.) This 
 signification may, however, be con- 
 nected with no. I. comp. (ji^l:^ 
 
i^n 222 ^^n 
 
 vir corruptus ; literally vappa^ 6'l- Ezra 6:9. 7 : 22. Dan. 5 : 1, 2, 4, 
 vf^g.Comp. yi^an and yrjn. 23. 
 
 III. Y^n,part.Pau]yn^n ls.63:l.rcd ^- "^^.^ "^- 1- ^^^V^ loam^^s acement 
 
 So the Sept. and Syr. comp. verse building, Gen.l 1: 3. pofier'* clay, 
 
 2. (Svr. Ethpa. io blush, to be asham- J^^ 10^ 9. is. 45: 9 clay for receiv- 
 
 i\ "^ ing impressions, Job 38: 14. 
 
 J 2. mud, mire. Is. 10:6. Job 30:19. 
 
 yan m. verbal from fnt] no. I. Comp. ^73n. 
 
 1. .omei/^mo- leavened. Ex. 12: 15. jj^ ^^y^ m." verbal from ^^n no.ll. 
 
 2. 'perhaps z7/-^oen iyeaZ</i. Am. roarino:, raging. Hab. 3: 15. 
 
 4: 5. (See l^an no. 11.) But the us- III. "ItlH m. dec. VI. m. 1. a heap. 
 nal signification may be retained in ^^ g ;" jq j-j^ -, r^Q^^ ^.^^^ 
 
 this passa;Jre, burn leavened bread/or . , ^ t^^ , i; . \ 
 
 , r iT Arab. f4-^ coni. IV . to collect.) 
 a thank-offering, ^ ^ , , 
 
 2 ct homer a larsfer measure 
 
 Y^^n m. verbal from yri no. I. vin- containing tek baths in liquid, or 
 
 egar. Num. 6: 3. Ruth 2: 14. Ps.69: ten ephahs in dry measure. Lev. 
 
 22. Pfov. 10: 26. 27: 16. Num. 11: 32. Ezek. 45: U, 
 
 p^n 1. to go away, to depart. Cant. .*^i ^^* 
 
 5: 6. '^^.H' const. ':212r, f.and In'JJXjn, const. 
 
 2. to go about, to wander. So in n^^n, m.five, 
 
 Hithpa. Jer.31:22. pj^r. d"'-iJ73n^/fi/.-- d-i'^Tin ^to 
 
 eriv. p:i72 _. ^ captain of fifty, nsvzTjaovTa^^og, 
 
 I. I'pn (Arab. ^4.:^) 1. <o 6e red, a military officer, 2 K. 1: 0.-14. Is. 
 
 spoken of wine. Ps. 75: 9. . ^' ^' "^"^^ 
 
 2. denom.from ^an, to cover with tl^^H Pi. denom. from U;?3n, to cause 
 pifc^. Ex. 2: 3. to pay one fifth part as a tithe or tax, 
 
 Pualal 'n^gn^n to 6e made red, as Gen. 41: 34. 
 the countenance by weeping. Job D-^'Jjpn adj. plur. Ex. 13 : 18. Josh. 
 ^^' ^^- ^ 1: 14. 4: 12. Judg. 7: 1 1. armed, in 
 
 II. "I'/^n (Arab. /-+^) to be agitated, battle-array, S])oken of an army, (i.q. 
 to be'in a ferment. Ps: 46:4. ^^^^^^H -^f h. 4 : 12. comp. verse 
 
 Puala],to be in commotion, spoken 13.) Aqu. IvMnUGfitvoi^. Vulg. ar- 
 
 of the bowels, indicating violent mati. So Symm. Onk. Syr. Arab, 
 
 pain. Lam. 1: 20. 2: 11. (In the kindred dialects we find the 
 
 l^n m. asphaltos, Jewh pitch, a com- Arab. J^-4.2^ to assemble, also to ex. 
 
 bustible bitumen found in and near "'^^ '^ ^^^' ^^"J- ^^^^' ^' ^' '""'^ ^' 
 
 the Dead sea, and in the neigh- ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^:^ strong, courage- 
 bourhood oi Babylon, which the an- ^ 
 
 cient Babylonians used for mortar. ous ; but perhaps it is a denom.from 
 
 Gen. 11:3. 1 4: 10. Ex. 2: 2. (Arab. tiyn, no. II. like ^tibn from D";^bn.) 
 
 ^ "^ . '* ^^ , n J r Others : divided into companies of 
 
 pA'^ and /"^i prob.so called irom rr. 
 
 its reddish colour.) I. -^^n m. denom. from t72n, the 
 
 I'^n m. verbal from ^m no. II. fifth part, paid by the Egyptians as 
 
 wine, so called from its fermenting. a tribute. Gen. 47: 26. 
 
 Deut. 32: 14. Is. 27 : 2. JJ. -^^ ^ ^^^^^^ abdomen. 2 Sam. 2. 
 
 "''^n. m. Chald. emph. f^'n:?;*! , idem. 23. 3: 27. (Syr. idem.) 
 
r\:n 223 'sn 
 
 itfi'QP '^t23*^Trt ' Construed with b, to encamp about 
 
 ' ~' -: any one, for his protection, Zech.9: 
 
 nW Gen. 21 : 15, 19. const, nm 8. Ps. 34.8. 
 
 verse 14. a leather bag or bottle. 3. to dwell. Is. 29: 1. 
 
 vei e it. 6 Deny. r:3n, n^isn. 
 
 nan Hamath^ou the northern bound- ' " ; :i. 
 
 aVofCanaan,acolonyofthePheni-5^?n^. plur. ni^.n, verbal frona ^373, 
 
 cians, and residence of a king in dec. X. 
 
 friendship with David, by the 1. ^racc, compassion. Ps. 77: 10. 
 
 Greeks called 'UmqavHcc. Num. 2. Hannah, the mother of Sam- 
 
 13:21. 34: 8. Judg. 3: 3. 2 Sam. 8: uel. 1 Sam. l:2ff. In Greek ^v- 
 
 ^ ^ va. 
 
 9. (Arab. iJU:^ .) Called in Am. 6: --^3^ m. {initiated or initiating,) ^^ 
 
 2, nn^i n^n Hamath the great ; and ^^^^^ ^^^^ 
 
 in2Chr.8:3, n2ii2 n^n Hamath ^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^.^^, ^^^^ ^ ^jt^ 
 
 Zobah. The inhabitants are called named from him. Gen. 4: 17, 18. 
 
 ^n^n Gen. 10: 18. 2. the father of Methuselah, ta- 
 
 h^ iu /r M^*., ,.K,.i Tn/xm ken away on account of his piety, 
 
 ^n m. with suff. 'sn, verbal from ^^^ ^_ y^_^^^ According to the 
 
 15ln , dec. VIII. b. more modern Jews, and the Arabi- 
 
 1. grace, favour, kindness. ^*ir72 ans, (who call him Idris the learn- 
 "ibo "'?.''?2 in to find favour in the ed^) he was the inventor of letters, 
 eijes of "any one, i.e. to obtain his fa- arithmetic and astronomy ; proba- 
 vour, Gen. 6: 8. 19: 19. 32: 5. 33: bly an inference from the etymolo- 
 10 "Ti^z^^z in ^r)^:il2 nd-dn if I Sy of the name. 
 
 have obtained thy favour, 18:3. 30: 'T'r^^J-; ^ verbal adj. from isn, merci- 
 27. 47:29. 50:4. With i^^iTD in the ' yj^ ^,,^,i,, . ,poken of'dod. Ps. 
 same sense, only Est. 2:15, 17. 111:^4. 112:4. 
 Ex. 3:21 intn D5>M "jn-nit '^nnin ' 
 
 D^-^i2^ '^Z^:^^lnifwiUgivl to this ^"^^n f. Pl"^- ^V^^ J^^- 3^= 16- ^^- 
 people favour with the Egyptians, i.e. cording to the Syr. jZaJLw a shop, 
 will make the Egyptians favourable ceU, dwelling ; in the Rabbins also 
 to them. 11:3. 12: 36. Gen. 39:21. ^^e per name of a building or 
 
 2. grace, beauty loveliness. Prov. .J^ ^^ ^^^^^ Moriah, where in 
 31: 30. 5: 19 )t: n^?; the lovely roe. \^^^^ ^.^^^ ^^^ j^^^i^j, sanhedrim 
 
 3. an ornament. Prov. 3: 22. ^as held. So prob. in our passage, 
 jn I^N a precious stone, 17: 8. According to others, i. q. niDDriTS a 
 
 4. supplication. Zech. 12: 10. See .^^^ ^j^^ ^^^^j.^ . ^^^^ \j^ *^^ j;^^ 
 the verb m Hithpa. ^^^^^./^^ like ^vcfwv from xlttto). 
 
 n3n, fut. apoc.^ ^mi. 1. <o decline, .^y^^ ^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^.^^ . ^^^^^ 
 
 Judg. 19: 9 dl'^n m':n </ie fZecZiniwo- "j^ to embalm, condire cadaver, 
 
 or closing of the day, X^f^ 
 
 2. to station oneh self, to pitch Gen. 50: 2, 3, 26. (In Arab. hS.^ 
 
 one^s tent, Gen. 26 : 17. to encamp, conj. II. idem.) 
 
 Ex. 13: 20. 17: 1. 19 : 2. Num. 1: 2. to give aflavour, hence to ri- 
 
 51 iS'iJTari m*3n2 when the taberna- pen fruit. Cant. 2: 13. 
 
 c;ewpUcAed(l.) Construed with "jn-^^n masc. plur. Chald.i. q. Heb. 
 
 }:^, to encamp against any one, Ps. ' ' * t ^ r /- n 00 
 -' ^ -^ "^ d^ian tijAcaf. Ezra 6:9.7:22. 
 
 27: 3. 2 Sam. 12: 28. Is. 29 : 3. So ^ ' ' 
 
 >\'Jn for ^<-v n:n Ps. 53 : 6. (2.) ) "r* m. verbal from ^:n , dec. IILa* 
 
pn 
 
 224 ran 
 
 literally initiated ..hence experienced., 
 proved. Gen. 14: 14. 
 
 ^"^^n. ^' P^ur. D'^n^an and m ,dec. 
 I. a dart., jovelin., spear Jance. 1 Sam. 
 18:11. 19: 10. 20:33. 
 
 .)3n , fut. plur. 0:ri^, i. q. Arab. 
 
 1. to consecrate., e. g. a house, 
 Deut. 20: 6. a temple, 1 K. 8: 63. 2 
 
 ' Chr. 7: 6. 
 
 2. hence <o instruct., to initiate. 
 (So also in Ihe Mishnah.) Prov. 22: 
 6 ^'2'y^^ ""C ^^ ^^^'^ T^-lI instruct a 
 young man concerning his conduct. 
 
 Deriv. out of course Tr'^zn. 
 
 1.J pn f. verbal from ^:n , dec. X. a 
 consecration. Ps. 30: I. IN'iim. 7: II. 
 Also a consecration-offering., verse 
 10. 
 
 "T^^^fT]^ f. Chald. idem. Dan. 3: 2, 3. 
 
 Ezra 6: 16, 17. 
 i-2n adv^. (from '^n^ by adding the 
 
 termination li-^.) 
 
 1. 1 it e ral 1}'^ ybr mere favour, for 
 thanks'' sake., like Lat. gratis con- 
 traction of gratiis ; hence without 
 recompense or reward., for nothing., 
 Gen. 29: 15. Job 1:9. without cost., 
 
 , 2 Sam. 24: 24. 
 
 2. without cause or occasion., unde- 
 servedly. Job 2 : 3. 9: 17. 1 K. 2: 
 
 ^Ztri , (once ^:::n Ps. 9 :14.) have 
 compassion on me, on us., Ps. 4: 2. 6: 
 3. 31:10. 
 
 2. to give graciously., construed 
 with two accus. Gen. 33:5. Ps.ll9: 
 29. Judg:. 21:22. with one accus. 
 Prov. 19: 17. without cases, Ps. 37: 
 21, 2d. 
 
 3. perhaps as in Hithpael, to 
 
 supplicate., weep. (Comp. Arab. (^^ 
 to sigh, lament.) Job 19: 17 ^nisn 
 'ZDi ^r.'^\ ^'^y sighing {is strange) 
 to my own children. Others : jf am 
 
 loathsome etc. (comp. (^^^ conj. X. 
 f(torem e mi sit ) 
 
 Niph. inn (after the form l:n:, 
 nn:,) pass, of Po. no, 2. to he pitied., 
 to be deserving of pity. Jer. 22: 22. 
 
 Pi. to make friendly. Prov. 26 : 
 25. 
 
 Po. 1. i.q. Kal no. 1. Prov.l4:21. 
 
 2. to compassionate, lament. Ps. 
 102: 15. 
 
 Hoph. to be pitied., to receive pity. 
 Prov. 21: 10. 
 
 Hithj)a. to supplicate for pity., to 
 entreat ; construed with b,, Est. 4:8. 
 Job 19: 16. with!:t?, 1 K. 8: 33, 47. 
 cr with "';.Db, 2 Chr- 6:24. 
 
 Deriv. ]n, nsti , "j^rn , nsnn , 
 
 31 2iM~*^?3l innocent blood. Prov. *,n^ ^, , , 7 
 
 )Ji j Chald, to have compassion, con- 
 
 26: 2. 
 
 3. in vain, to no purpose., frustra. 
 Prov. 1: 17. !::n ^^f^ Ezek. 6: 10. 
 
 strned with an accus. Infin. "jritt] 
 
 Dan. 4: 24. [27.] 
 
 ,^ , ^ , .X > , TV- r^i 1th pa. to make supplication. Dan. 
 
 (So the Greek ^a)^6c<j/ m the IN.l. 0-12 
 
 the old Lilt. frustra., and the Germ. ^^ ^..y_ 
 
 wm507i5/, signify for nothing and al- ^^.J-H proper name of a tower in 
 
 ^ so in vain.) Jerusalem. Jer. 31:38. comp. Zech. 
 
 ^^?'l a quadriliteral,/i.m7. On'-.e Ps. 14: 10. Neh. 3: 1. 12: 39. 
 
 78: 47. ^pn found only Is. 30 : 4. proper 
 
 pn, fut. 'jn*' and l^rO. (Am. 5 15.) name of a city in Egypt, perhaps 
 
 with sufi". '^:n- fo '^:n':, infin. DS2:n "^^^(^^^ mentioned Herod. 11. 137. 
 
 (Is. 30: 18.) and rT::n \Ps. 102:14.) ^rl*!^ ^"^- Fli^v- ^' ^^ ^^ ^^ become 
 
 1. to be favourable or gracious to profaned, or polluted. Ps. 106: 38. 
 
 any one, to have compassion 071 him; Is. 24: 5. 
 
 construed with an accus. Ex.33: 19. 2. to be profane, ungodly. Jer. 
 
 Lam. 4: 16, Prov. 14 : 31. ririn, 23. 11. 
 
n&n 
 
 225 
 
 'on 
 
 3. causat. as in Hiph. to profane, 
 defile. Jer. 3: 9. 
 
 Hiph. 1. to profane or pollute {a. 
 land.) Num. 35: 33. Jer. 3:2. 
 
 2. to make profane or heathenish, 
 to lead to apostasy. Dan. 11:32. 
 
 P P 7 
 
 (Syr.i^x-w a heathen,aprofane man; 
 
 .^x>a| to apostatize from a relig- 
 ous sect.) 
 f|3n m. verbal from p):n, dec. V. b. 
 profane, ungodly, profligate. Job 8: 
 13. 13: 16. 15:34. 17: 8. 
 
 Slpn m. verbal from ;] at! , profligacy, 
 
 contempt of God. Is. 32: 6. 
 lDn f. verbal from pisn , idein. Jer. 
 
 23: 15. 
 p5n found only in Pi. to strangle^ 
 spoken of lions. Nah. 2: 13. 
 
 Niph. to strangle one''s self 2 Sara. 
 17: 23. (Arab, and Syr. idem.) 
 Deriv. p^niz. 
 
 iOn to be good^ kind, benevolent. See 
 TOn, and Hithpa. ' 
 
 Pi. as in Aramean, to reproach, to 
 put to shame. Prov. 25: 10. 
 
 Hithpa. to show one^s self kind. 
 Ps.l8:26. 
 
 Deriv. out of course T^DH, nT'DH. 
 
 "IpHi m. verbal from iDti, dec. VI. a. 
 1. love, kindness ; and spoken of 
 God, grace, mercy. d2^ Tpn intJS? to 
 show kindness to any one, Gen. 21: 
 23. 2 Sam. 3:8. 9:1,7. 2 Sam. 9: 3 
 t'^n 5N ^Dn "17337 iniyyfi^ / will exercise 
 towards him the kindness of God. 
 More rarely with DN, Zech. 7: 9. 
 (comp. Ruth 2: 20. 2'Sam. 16: 17.) 
 with rJ, I Sam. 20 : 8. and with b , 
 which latter is used more especial- 
 ly where God is spoken of, to show 
 mercy or grace to any one, Ex. ^'0: 
 C. Deut. 5: 10. also with Ci?, Gen. 
 24: 12, 14. Gen. 39: 21 r'^N!. t:?.: 
 Ipn he inclined favour to him, 
 i. e. let him gain favour. By 
 a metonymy, object of love or piety, 
 spoken of God, Ps. 144:2. Jon. 2:9. 
 
 29 
 
 2. beneficence, liberality. Prov. 
 19:22. 20:6. Plur. D^^Dn, Ps. 89: 
 2. 107:43. 
 
 3. as in Aramean, a reproach, 
 Prov. 14:34. Spoken of incest. Lev. 
 20: 17. See the verb in Piel. 
 
 nOn to seek protection, to trust ; con- 
 strued with 2 of the place. Is. 30 : 
 2. Ps. 57: 2. '61: 5. Especially with 
 iniln''? to seek protection in Jehovah, 
 to confide firmly in him, Ps. 2:12. 5: 
 
 12. 7:2. 25:20. 31:2. 37: 40. 
 Without cases, Ps.l7:7. Prov. 14:32 
 the righteous man hath confidence even 
 in his death. Deriv. n^Dtl, np.Ll'3' 
 
 pOn m. verbal adj. from ]Dn, strong. 
 Am. 2 : 9. Also collectively, the 
 strong, the mighty, Is. 1:31. 
 
 n'^Dn f. verbal from JlDM, trusty con- 
 
 fidence. Is. 30: 3. 
 ^"^pn verbal adj. from non, dec. 111. 
 
 a. 
 
 1. kind, benevolent, humane. Ps. 
 12:2. 18 : 26. 43: 1. Spoken of 
 God, gracious, merciful, Jer. 3: 12. 
 Ps. 145: 17. 
 
 2. pious, virtuous. nifl"* "^T^DH 
 the pious ones of Jehovah., his pious 
 worshippers, Ps. 30: 5. 31:24. 37: 
 28. also ib T^On Ps. 4: 4. 
 
 m^pn f. strictly {avis) pia, (as if 
 fem. of n'^Dn,) hence the stork, a 
 bird celebrated by the ancients for 
 its aifection towards its parents. 
 Lev. 11:19. Deut. 14: 18. Job 39: 
 
 13. Ps. 104:17. Jer. 8:7. Zech. 5: 
 9. See Bocharti Hieroz. ed. Rosen- 
 muUer. T. III. p. 85 if. Others : the 
 heron. 
 
 r^^T\ m. strictly the waster, devour' 
 er, (see botl , ) hence the name of 
 a species of locust. 1 K. 8: 37. Ps. 
 78:46. Is. 33:4. Joel 1: 4. Sept. 
 pQOV'iogt i.e. the unfledged locust. 
 
 I'^pn m. verbal adj. from "jDn, strong, 
 
 mighty. Ps. 89: 9. 
 1'j'Ofl adj. Chald. defective, i. q. ^D^. 
 
 Dan. 5: 27. 
 
n&n 226 Tsn 
 
 bOJltoeat off, consume; spoken of ^' ^to fail, be wanting. Ecc. 9: 5. 
 
 th; locust. Deut. 28:38. (In Chald. TtolLase. Gen. 8: 3, 5. 
 
 idem.) Deri\r. ^"'Dn. t>- . ^ . r 
 
 -^ ' -T ri. fo cause to want, to make in- 
 
 wpn to stop, obstruct. Deut. 25: 4 ferior. Ps. 8: 6. Construed with p^ 
 
 </iOM shah not stop or mw^r^/e the ox. ^f the thing, to deprive, Ecc. 4: 8. 
 
 Ezek.39:ll b^^ii^n-riN^i^'^Jl n??o;m ^'P^- l- "^^^ absolutely, to suf- 
 
 usually rendered aid it (the valley) fir want. Ex. 16: 18. 
 
 .Aa// sioy, (t/ie nose of) the passen- ^- ^f ^^^^ '^ ^f ^^^ A* ' ^^^^' 
 
 gers, namely, through the strong aza^oy. Is. 32: 6 (In Syr. iciem.) 
 
 stench. Better perhaps after the ^^^^^- out of course ^Dn. 
 
 Syriac translation, it shall obstruct ^^.H verbal adj. from ^(Dtl, dec. V. b. 
 
 the passengers, namely, through the wanting, lacking ; constVued with an 
 
 multitude of corpses. accus. 1 K. 11 : 22. with ^jq , Ecc. 6: 
 
 "jiDll 1. as in Syr. and Chald. to be ^ &n^. ^QU lacking bread, 2 S^m. 
 
 strong. Deriv. ^IDn, "J^Dn , "jDn. 3:29. ^ib-^^Tl lacking understand- 
 
 2. to keep, preserve, lay up. (Arab. igy P^^v. 6: 32. 7:7. 9: 4. also as 
 
 5 ^ c ^ a subst. want of understanding, Prov. 
 
 (jiCs^^ whence {^^ss:l/^ a maga- 10:21. 
 
 ^in^') n^n m. verbal from ^Drt, u'anLwou- 
 
 Niph. <o be laid up. Is. 23 : 18. " ' ^ _" ' 
 
 (See ^ph no. 2.) ^^-^^Z. P^ov. 28: 22. Job 30: 3. 
 
 I&n Chald. Aph. to possess, to have in "^^'^ ^- verbal from -)Dn, dec. VI. 
 
 possession. Dan. 7: 18, 22. . '^^^"^- A"^' ^- 6' 
 
 "j&n m. Chald. emph. NDDn, 7n%A^, V'^^P.- * verbal from 'nDrr, idem- 
 
 'power. Dan. 2: 37. 4:27. "'[30.] Ecc. 1: 15. 
 
 "Jpn m. verbal from ^Dn. flH. m. verbal adj. from obsolete 5|5n 
 
 1. strength, might. Is. 33: 6. no. II. pwre, in a moral sense. Joo 
 
 2. riches, property. Prov. 15:6. 33:9. 
 
 27:24. Jer. 20: 5. Ezek. 22: 25. v^-^rr u 
 
 /-nu n ^^-.,. , \ iSun perhaps i. q. tisn to cover. 
 
 (Chald. ^Dm^ to possess.) ^ t t- f ^ , , 
 
 inhn ^ r<u II ..1 / -L X Hence Pi. to do in secret. 2 K. 17: 
 
 V wn m. Chald. potters^ work, burnt ^ ^^, , . , , , . 
 
 ' "f": T^ c> ooff 9. Others by conjecture, <o demise. 
 
 clay. Dan. 2: 33 n. j j ? 
 
 DOn a quadriliteral, part. pas,. ^^^^ ' <:'''> the head, face. 2 Sam. 
 OEOntt Ex. 16:14. onK(A.o seal- I/: 30. Est 6 : 12. 7: 8. (Syr. and 
 
 7=X;-- ,. ,.. , , Arab, irfem.) 
 
 erf off, something like scales (Comp. pj^ ^^ ^^/ , ^j^j^ ^^^ silver, or 
 
 i;i'^_n^Jo peel off; and the Arab. wood ; construed with two accus. 2 
 
 LJ/s^ in the ^\ur. sherds, scales.) ^^i'.^L ^''^' ^'^'^ p. p o , i 
 
 V *^ ' ^ Wiph. pass, of Pi. Ps. 68: 14. 
 
 ion, fut. ^Dn*^, plur. ri^&n^. '-rrt-T r I- 1 r f J XT 
 
 -' - ' ^, , ' .:- iSn f. verbal from ?|2n no.I. dec.X. 
 
 1 . to ivant, lack, or be without any ^ '- -^ 
 thing,construed with an accus.Deut. 1- covering, protection. Is. 4: 5. 
 2:7. 8:9. Ps 34:1 1. Prov. 3S:1 1. Gen. ^- ^ bridebed, bridechamber ; per- 
 18: 28 D''lIJ/3n ITIDm'^ "^b^J^ haps strictly i/ic cawoyoy or cuWai/i of 
 i..H ^^-sl,lili t '" '~w .^^, a bed, and so the chamber itself. Ps. 
 'nfTZn tiy^^llZTl perhaps the ffty jg. g' Jq^I 2: 16. 
 
 righteous shall lack fve, i. e. five of g^. 
 
 the tifty righteous shall be lacking. "^^i ^"t- t2n\ 1. io 6e alarmed, dis- 
 
 2. used absolutely, iosi/^er t;anf. turbed, perplexed. Ps. 31:23. 116-. 
 P*. 23:1. Prov. 13: 25. 11. 
 
2. tojiee in perturbation. 2 K. 7 : 
 15 Keri. Job 40: 23. 
 
 3. to make haste, 2 Sam. 4: 4. 
 Niph. 1. io^ec. Ps. 48: 6. 104:7. 
 2. io make haste generally. 1 Sam. 
 
 23: 26. The Latin trepidus^fugere^ 
 and many similar words often de- 
 note only haste, 
 
 "jlTi^n m. verbal from tsn, hasty 
 flight. Ex. 12: 11. Deut. 16^3. 
 
 Q'^DSn dual, dec. I. the hollow hands. 
 Ezek. 10: 2, 7. Ex. 9: 8. (In Aram, 
 and Arab.) 
 
 I. vlSn i. q. in&ln to cover., construed 
 with ^5?, (comp. r7D3;) hence to 
 protect., defend. Deut. 33:12. (comp. 
 jan.) Deriv. iisn . 
 
 II. t\pT\ like the Aram. p]sn and 
 
 Arab. lA^ to rub., wash, scrape off. 
 Deriv. qri. 
 
 Y^jn, Alt. ysn: and Y'cn'^ 
 
 1. i. q. Arab. UiX:^ <o 6endf.in- 
 c/iMC, in a physical sense. Job 40: 17 
 'jn;T ytn^ /ie 6enc?5 /iw tail. 
 
 2. iatrans. and figuratively, to be 
 favourably inclined towards any one, 
 
 to take delight in him, to love him ; 
 construed with 2, Gen. 34: 19. 2 
 Sam. 20 : 11. also in reference to 
 things, 24: S.-Spoken of God, Num. 
 14:8. 2 Sam. 22 : 20. Construed 
 with an accus. Ps. 40: 7. Mic. 7:18. 
 Job 33: 32^pni& ''nSCCn '^^Jor I de- 
 sire thy justification. 
 
 3. to have a desire., be willing.^ or 
 he pleased to do any thing ; constru- 
 ed with i^ and an infin. Deut. 23: 8. 
 Ps. 40: 19. 1 Sam. 2: 25. without b, 
 Is. 53: 10. Job 13: 3. 9: 3. Used ab- 
 solutely, Cant. 2: 7. 3: 5. 
 
 Y?.'^ - (with Tseri impure) verbal 
 adj. from ysH, dec. V. f. willing., de- 
 siring., delighting. n2S>n W^2 a 
 willing mind., 1 Chr. 28: 9. Joined 
 with the personal pronouns it 
 forms a periphrasis for the verb ; 
 
 227 nsn 
 
 e. g. 1 K. 21 :6 innN yen m ij 
 
 thou wilt. Mai. 3: 1. 
 Y^.n m. with suff. "'iisn, verbal from 
 
 yen , dec. VI. j. 
 
 1. pleasure^ delight^ taken in any 
 thing. 1 Sam. 15: 22. Ps. 1: 2. 16: 
 3. 1 K. 10: 13 n^sn-b^ all where- 
 in she took delight. 
 
 2. wish^ desire. Job 31: 16. 
 
 3. precioiisness., costliness. (Comp. 
 'l?;n and Ip.n.) ysn-^p.iJ:? pre- 
 ciGus stones^ Is. 54: 12. Plur. D'^2Cn 
 costly things^ Prov. 3: 15. 8: 11. 
 
 4. business^ concern^ affair. (So 
 the Lat. studium is sometimes near- 
 ly equivalent to negotium., occupa- 
 tio.) Ecc. 3 : 1 yen-!:r)b mn and 
 every business has its proper time. 
 verse 17. 5: 7, 8. 8: 6. (So in Syr. 
 
 QO. matter^ business, from i^-t q* 
 yen.) The transition to this sig- 
 nification is found in such passages 
 
 as Is. 53: 10 nbi^"' f'T'i n^iT^ yt>n 
 
 t/ic business of Jehovah prospers in 
 his hand. Job 21: 21. 22:3. 
 
 I. ")^n,fut. "^sn.:, Arab. ^Acs.. 
 
 1. to dig., e. g. a well, a pit. Gen. 
 21:30. 26:15ff. Ecc. 10:8. Spok- 
 en of spirited horses. Job 39: 21 
 P?35ii ^'^sn2 ^f^^y P^"^ in the valley, 
 
 2. to lay snares., to dig a pit for 
 any one. Ps. 35: 7. 
 
 3. to espy^ discover. Job 39: 29 
 from thence he espies the prey. Con- 
 strued with an accus. to spy out., ex- 
 plore (a country.) Deut. 1: 22. Josh. 
 2: 2, 3. 
 
 II. nan. fut. 
 
 nan. 
 
 nsn: 
 
 and ^sn^ 
 
 Arab. 
 
 -X2h, to blush^ to be ashamed, i. q. 
 
 'i;n2; generally denoting <o be made 
 ashamed, to be frustrated in one'^s 
 expectation. Ps. 35:4, 26. 40:15. 
 70:3. 83:18. Applied to 0*^23, Ps. 
 34:6. Job 11: 18 nUib n^sm 
 S3ipn {though now) thou art disap- 
 pointed^ {yet then) thou shall rest in 
 
Bsn 
 
 228 
 
 yn 
 
 nit;- "^''! f^'"^ ""'Ti"- "*'' '^" '^Sf^ -" verbal from tocn, a device, 
 pectation is disappointed^ is preced- _, ^ -^r' ' 
 
 ed by ^72, Is. 1: 29. (comp. "^iis.) Pr/;o56. Ps. 64: 7. See Pu. no. 1. 
 
 Hiph. 1. to cause shcune^ to act ^^*3 ^' ^^ ^^ prostrate, weak, i. q. 
 shamefully. Prov. 13:5. 19:26. '' J ,{ 
 
 Arab. (jJJ-Acw, (comp. "^'IJcn no. 1. 
 
 and niu:sn.) 
 
 2. in Pu. <o 6e set free. Lev. 19:20. 
 (Perhaps strictly in Pual to he re- 
 garded as weak, infirm ; hence spok- 
 en of a slave, to be set free. The 
 signilication, however, is clear, 
 though this derivation of it is doubt- 
 ful.) 
 
 2. intrans. as in Kal. Is. 54: 4. 
 Spoken of inanimate nature, Is.33:9. 
 
 nSDn (a grave, pit,) proper name of 
 a Canaanitish royal city. Josh. 12: 
 17. (comp. 1 K. 4: 10.) 
 
 ni'lS'lSn fem. plur. probably the 
 
 correct reading: in Is. 2: 20. and sig- 
 nifying, according to Jerome, mice, 
 
 moles, socslled from -iDti to dig. 'klSSH m.verbal from u;?n,as/3reaiin^, 
 The context certainly requires that stratio. Once Ezek. 27 : 20 "^^^JS 
 it should denote some animal, ^^^^'.^ ^r^y, tapestry for riding^' L'^ 
 which can stand m the purallelisra ^ -. ^ ^-^ ^ 
 
 with the bat. Others : pits, holes, ^ Pf^'' '^''"^^ ^'^ vehendum. 
 
 :^ta In^SiTI fem. of::5h, liberty, freedom. 
 
 UsJn to seek : in Kal only in a fiarur- "^ * *' 
 
 . / r -^ s Lev.l9:20. See the verb in Pual. 
 ative sense, to search after (wisdom,) 
 
 Prov. 2:4. to search into {the heart,) "^pSn adj. (formed from uien i. q- 
 20: 27.-PS. 64: 7 mi:i^^ ^^BU> they ' ^^J^ freedom, and the adjective 
 
 search out or devise evil deeds. 
 
 Niph. pass, to be searched through, 
 Obad. 6. 
 
 Pi. to seek, to search. Gen. 31: 35. 
 44: 12. Construed with an accus. to 
 search for, I Sam. 23 : 23. to search 
 through, 1 K. 20: G. Zeph. 1 : 12. 
 Metaphorically once Ps. 77: 7 
 Till ^Sn'I'T my spirit makes 
 search. 
 
 Pu. 1. to be devised. Ps. 64: 7. 
 
 2. to be sought for, hence to be 
 concealed. Prov. 28 : 12. comp. 
 verse 28. and Hithpa. 
 
 Hithpa. literally to conceal one'^s 
 self, (see Pu.) Hence to disguise one's 
 self 1 Sam. 28 : 8. 1 K. 20 : 38 
 
 disguised himself by a turban over his 
 eyes. 22: 30. Job 30: 18 ni3-2"12 
 "'lysiib UJDnri'] literally through the 
 violence {of the disease) my garment, 
 i. e. my skin, is changed^ Others, 
 in accordance with the parallel 
 clause, it (pain) has become my gar- 
 ment, i. e. it encompasses me as a 
 garment. 
 
 termination "-;-,) plur. D'^ipcn. 
 
 1. prostrate, weak. Ps. 88: 6. 
 
 2. free, not a slave nor a prison- 
 er. Job 3: 19. ''iLCn nViJ to set 
 
 free, Deut. 15: 12, 13^ 18. also with 
 ^::onb, Ex.2 1:26, 27. '^:;Dn ^^:^', 
 ^^wDm^ to become free, (see fi<:i^) 
 also to be freed from the taxes and 
 burdens of a subject, 1 Sam. 17: 25. 
 
 nTiDSn and n'^lSDH f. denom. 
 from "^"(lien no. 1. sickness ; hence 
 n'^UJsnn rr^S a house for the sick, 
 2 k. 15:5. 2Chr.26: 21. (Arab. 
 
 V.mXA^ a house of mourning whither 
 zvidozvs were wont to retreat. See Ju- 
 dah Ben Karish in Eichh. Biblioth. 
 III. p. 970.) 
 
 yn m. with sufF. "^irn , plur. W^^n , 
 verbal from y^n, dec. Vlll.b. 
 
 1. an arrow.-^ B'^^H-'^V.^a the 
 archers, Gen. 49: 23. the arrows of 
 Goc/, i. e. the lightning, Hab. 3:11. 
 ^^c-^l T^n ^'^^^. '** ^^^ shining 
 of thine arrows they pass away. 
 
1211 229 ysn 
 
 erfuy"T4T"'"'' " """"'' ^'"' "l^^'^^^. ^^e nnS'Sn a trumpet. 
 
 3. nnnn Vn'l Sam. 17:7 Keth. ^^iSH f. verbal from nxn , midd/e, 
 
 the staj^ of tlie spear^ Wke the Lat. - /, i i ^ i or^ r 7.\ aa x^ 
 
 ;.^/,. A,o#,-/ T^u n midst. Job 34: 20. Ps. 119:62. Ex. 
 
 nosta^ tiastile. I he pHrallei passag^es 1 1 i 
 
 2 Sam 21: 19. 1 Chr. 20:5. and the ^'^'^ 
 
 Keri in 1 -am. 17:7. have the sim- "^^H and '^^H m. const. -^iCn , with 
 
 pier readi, g j^, g^^ ^^._^^^ verbal from inis'n, dec. 
 
 yin and nzin, m. 'iin\ vi. ' ' ' 
 
 "I" "" 1. mtrfri/e. mic?5^. Jndg. 16: 3. 
 
 1. io hew, to hew ouU especially q. half. (Comp. medium, dimic^i- 
 
 stones, (comp. rilQn.) Deut. 6: 11. ^,^.) e/ 24: 6. ti3^:in the halj of 
 
 Is. 5: 2. Prov. 9: 1. Part. 2^n a ,^ 2 Sam. 18: 3. '" " ' 
 
 stonecutter, 2 K. 12: 13. sometimes 3. i.q. yn an. arrow. 1 Sam. 20: 
 
 a hewer both of wood and stone ^ 1 K. 35 37 33 2K 9- 24 
 
 5:29. [15.] a Ae-^ero/ ti^'oot/, Is. 10: T '' ' ' ' / 
 
 15 ^ ' 1. ^^^n m. verbal from ols. ^itn 
 
 2. figuratively <o destroy, to kill. no. II. dec. 11 f. a. 
 
 Hos. 6: 5 D''fi^"'S25 "^nn^n I destroy 1. gra55. Job 8: 12. 40:15. Ps. 
 
 them througii the prophets., i. e. I an- ^^'^' ^'^' 
 
 nounce their destruction. 2. garlick. Num. 11:5. 
 
 3. Ps. 29: 7 the voice of Jehovah II. y^lTl i. q. ^'.ZT a dwelling. Is. 
 divides flames of fire, i.e. throws 34. 13 ^ ' 
 
 out divided flames of fire. 
 
 Niph. to be engraven. Job 19:24. V-^J^ <5ec. VI. m. Is. 49: 22. Neb. 5: 
 
 Pu. to be hewn out or formed. Is. 13. and "jiEn dec. VI. g. Ps. 129: 7. 
 
 ^^* V masc. the bosom, the folds of the dress 
 
 Hiph. 1. q. Kal no. 2. Is. 51: 9. covering the breast, sinus. 
 
 Deriv. n2n^. ,_.^^ , . , . 
 
 h-*tafc_ *' ' " H?n Chald. to be hard., strict., severe ; 
 
 nAil 1. to divide into two parts, to ; , . ,, r. j * u \ . 
 
 I. r i-. o^ r. 1VT . ^ ^ and (especially m Pa. and Apn.) to 
 
 Ps. 65: 24 nn'H. ,sn; N, ,A.j ,/m ^ A,.h. part. .triot,urge,U,hmty,V<ix>. 
 
 not halve their days, i.e. they shall 2:15. 3:22. 
 
 not live out half of them. V^H i.q. rtitn <o rfmc/. ; and intrans. 
 
 2. ro (/imc/e generally. Judg. 9: ~ r j . ..V/r^ ^,..- 
 
 43 Job 40- 30 [41-6 1 ^ ^^ (/imded(Comp.'y'r! an arrota), so 
 
 kiph. to divide itself, or be divid- J^*^^^ ^'"^"^ '^f rfit;*g or c/eamii^.) 
 
 e(^ 2 K '' 8 14 Dan 11-4 Prov. 30:27 the locusts have no king., 
 
 *Deriv7 n^^n;3, '-^^sn / ni2n, "^^'5. '^^^ ^r.! 2/^ <^2/ " "'^c^* 
 
 'lisn^ '" *"* "' out divided (into bands.) Comp. Gen, 
 .' ^ * 14: 15. 
 niSn (a cowrf ) proper name of Pi. part. D'^^,iin?3 usually render- 
 several places, ed the archers., (as if a denom. from 
 
 1. acity in the tribe of Naphtali, Y^,j) perhaps those rn'ho divide the 
 which Solomon caused to be forti- prey. Judg. 5: 11. 
 
 fied. Josh. 11:1. 12: 19. 19: 36. Pu. to beallotted or assigned. Job 
 
 Judg. 4:2. IK. 9:15. 2 K. 15: 29. 21:21. 
 
 2. another in the tribe of Benia- ^^,^wy_ , ,^^ , ,, , 
 min. Neh. 11:33. Y .^ "^- ^'^^- ^^- ^- ' ^'^^^ '^^"''' 
 
 3. a country in Arabia, mentioned gravel stones. Prov. 20: 17. Lam. 3: 
 
 in connexion with Kedar. Jer. 49 : , -i"^ , '^ 1 x 
 
 28. 16. (Syr. l^^-w, Arab. ^5^^-) 
 
yin 
 
 230 
 
 pn 
 
 Strictly small parts or pieces, from 
 
 2J i. q. ytl an arrow ; hence 
 lightning, Ps. 77: t 8. 
 
 ning of the palm)Gen. 14: 7. 2 Clir. 
 20: 2. proper name of a city in the 
 desert of the tribe of Judah, cele- 
 brated for its forests of palms, after- 
 wards called '''i.n 1'^5? (q.v.) 
 
 ?i"]j^':sn and rn::^i:sn f. dec. x. a 
 
 trumpet. Num. 10:" 2 ff. ' 31: 6. Hos. 
 
 5: 8. 2 K. 12: 14. See -i:^n no. III. 
 
 ! *)?n * ^.' Arab. ^^2.::^ ^o shut in, 
 
 to surround', whence r\\.A2.^ a 
 couri,villa.See ^"^p and '-^'^^rn no.IL 
 
 '! 1!?n i. q. Arab. ^a3S- lobegreen. 
 See Tir^n no. I. 
 
 III. "l^n i.q. ^Aca:^ literally <o he 
 
 present. Hence in Hebrew in Pf- 
 oel 'liSii^n literally to call together, 
 (Arab. conj. X.) which was done by 
 
 23,23. 15: 32 ff..Lev.23: 31. Spok- 
 en also of the moveable villages of 
 the Nomades, Gen. 25 : 16. Is. 42: 
 11. (comp. Cant. 1: 5.) 
 
 This word also forms a part of 
 many names of places; as 
 
 1. ^1^ ^^ri {court of Mdar) a 
 place on the borders of the tribe of 
 Judah, Num. 34: 4. which in Josh. 
 15:3. is called simply ^"IN. 
 
 2. rrD:)D l^n Josh. 19:5. and 
 C^D^D -i:in 1 Chr. 4 : 31. {court of 
 horses) in the tribe of Simeon. 
 
 3. 113^5/ ^Din Ezek. 47: 17. and 
 irSJ ^lin 48 : i. Num. 34: 9, 10. 
 {court of veells) on the northern 
 bouydary of Palestine. 
 
 4. i-:^VsD "ll^rt {court of foxes) 
 Josh. 15:28. 19:' 3. 1 Chr. 4 : 28. 
 Neh. 11: 27. in the tribe of Sim- 
 eon. 
 
 5. 'jh:D"'nrj 1in {the middle court) 
 Ezek. 47: 16. on the borders of 
 Hauran or Anranitis. 
 
 6. Plur. ni'lisri. a station of the 
 Israelites in Arabia. Num. 11:3S. 
 12:16. 33:17. Deut. 1: 1. 
 
 means of a trumpet; hence to blow n^^^^^H proper name of a district 
 the trumpet. Part. D"^i:::in72, (read -' j '-y ' ^^ ^ c ^ 
 
 &'^^irin;3,) in the Kethib of iChr, -^*-^ - -- --- ---^ -^ ^ 
 
 15:24. 2 Chr. 5: 13. 7:6. 13: 14. 
 29: 28. The Keri rejects one y , 
 forming the participle in Piel or 
 Hiphil ; but against the analogy of 
 the ve'rbal naun ^'n:bin. In 2 Chr. 
 5: 12, we find D^n'i::^!!?: , af- 
 ter the form of the conj. Pilel, un- 
 less the reading is corrupt. 
 
 *lSn com. gen. plur. D'^-^ and ni, ver- 
 bal from obs. ^iin no. I. dec. V. b. 
 
 1. court before a building. Neh. 8: 
 16. Est. 5: 2. especially of the ta- 
 bernacle and temple, Ex. 27: 9 ff. 
 n^72'^3Dn ^iiiin the inner or priests'' 
 court (of the temple,) 1K.6:36. 
 r!:i2'^nn 'liSnM the outer court or 
 court of the people, Ezek. 46: 21. 
 
 2. a small place, village, such as 
 were attached to larger towns, (oth- 
 erwise called ^^^-n ni22.') Josh. 13: 
 
 of Arabia, on the east of Yemen, 
 now retaining the same name 
 Cj^/C^::^ Hadramaut. Gen. 10: 
 
 26. See Niebuhr's Description de 
 I'Arabie, Tom. II.p.l26 ff It is the 
 same name with Hadrumetum on 
 the African coast. 
 
 pnsee p'TT; 
 
 pn m. before Makkeph -pn, with 
 sutr. ^p n, "^jPn , Plnr. nyu , const. 
 ^j^tin (Ezek! 20: 18.) verbal from 
 ppn, dec. VIIl. d. literally something 
 fixed or appointed, as "^ptl UTV::food 
 appointed or suitable for me, Prov. 
 30:8. comp Ezek. 16: 27. 45: 14. 
 Job'23: 14 yp what is appointed for 
 
 me. Especially 
 
 1 . an appointed labour, a task, 
 pensum. Ex.5: 14. Prov. 31:15. 
 
 2. a bound,goal. Job 26:10. Prov. 
 
231 "in 
 
 Pu. part. ppn?3 law, right. Pror. 
 31:5. 
 
 Hoph. to be engraven, to be writ- 
 ten down. Job 19: 23. 
 
 Po. i. q. Kal no. 4. Prov. 5 : 15. 
 
 Part. pphl2 (1.) a lawgiver, Deut. 
 
 33: 21. Is. 33: 22. a leader, Judg. 5: 
 
 14. (2.) a sceptre. Num. 21: 18. Pa. 
 
 60:9. Gen. 49: 10. 
 
 Deriv. out of course p'n- 
 4 :5, 8, 14. 6 : 24. 11: 32. 12: 1. * 
 
 Hence a declaration of Jehovah, PPTJ^ m. verbal from p)?n, dec. VI. g. 
 an oracle, Ps. 2: 7 ph ^ ri^2Gi( / fo^nd only in the plur. const, ^p^n, 
 .i/Z declare concerning the oracle i ^^n^^.^f decrees. Judg. 5: 15. 
 (comp. Is. 8: 16.) Comp. ^ijpn. I 10- 1 
 
 *^Eri -q- pil" ^0 cno-raiue, and so i. q. -^pn ^ ^^^ ^p^^^ ^o maA:e scarc/i, to 
 
 m 
 
 8 : 29. pn"'^i:^b without bounds, 
 boundless, Is. 5: 14. ph tlil?^ to set 
 a bound. Job 28: 26. 
 
 3. a definite time. Job 14:13. Mic. 
 7:11. 
 
 4. law, also custom, usage. Judg. 
 11:39. Applied to the laws of na- 
 ture, Job 28 : 26. Plur. D^pn most 
 frequently the laws (of God,) Deut. 
 
 Greek ygacpeiv., to mark out,portray, 
 paint. (So the French dessiner from 
 the Lat. designare.) 
 
 Pu. part. rrpHT: something por- 
 trayed or painted, Ezek.8:10. comp. 
 23: 14. something engraven, 1 K. 6: 
 35. 
 
 Hithpa. Job 13: 27 about my feet 
 thou drawest a mark, i.e. tliou mark- 
 est out for my feet how far they 
 should go. 
 
 Ij^ri fem. of ph , dec. X. a law of 
 
 heaven or of nature, Job 38: 33. 
 Jer.31 : 35. 33 : 25. of God, as 
 
 dnhlb Dbiy npn an eternal law for 
 
 search. Deut. 13 : 16. Ezek. 39 : 
 14. Construed with an accus. of 
 the person or thing, 1 Sam. 20: 12. 
 Judg. 18:2. Ps. 139:1. Job 5: 27. 
 13: 9. Prov. 28: 11 the rich man is 
 wise in his own eyes, ^i"^pll2 Y^"^. ''3'' 
 yet the poor man that hath under- 
 standing searcheth him out. Sept. 
 xctTayi^ojaerat,. Aqn. and Theod. 
 
 Pi. i.q. Kal. Ecc. 12:9. 
 Niph. pass, of Kal. Jer. 31 : 37. 
 1 K. 7: 47 D'iJnsn bp'i3^^ npm i<:? 
 
 for the weight of the brass riaas not to 
 be estimated. Comp. '^pn ]''{<. 
 
 their generations, Ex. 27 : 21. Lev. -)pn verbal from '^pn, dec. VI. g. 
 3. 17. d-^i^rj nipn2 ^bri to walk ''** 
 in, i.e. to live after, the lazvs of the 
 heathen, 2 K. 17: 8. Lev. 20: 23. 
 
 pl^n 1 . to engrave (a writing or pic- 
 ture.) Is. 30: 8. Ezek. 4: 1. Also to 
 dig out, Is. 22: 16. (comp. the par- 
 allel verb n^n.) 
 
 14. 
 
 2. i.q. ygaqecv, to paint. Ezek. 23: 
 
 1. examination. Job 34: 24. Judg. 
 5: 16 n::"'*7.pt1 d'^bl-') great deliber- 
 ations of heart. Ip.n pN unsearch- 
 able, Prov. 25 : 3. hence innumera- 
 ble. Job 5: 9. 9: 10. 36: 26. 
 
 2. what is examined, a secret., the 
 inner part. Job 11: 7. 38: 16 ^p.p 
 fiirin the innermost depths of the sea. 
 
 3. to establish, institute. Prov.8:27 ^^ m. found only in the plur. Q-'^h, 
 
 Dinn ^3S b? :i^n Ipn^ when he es- d'^^in the noble,freeborn.l K.^^'^ 
 tablished an arch over the face of the 
 deep, verse 29 y^^i^ ^^0'^^ ipnna 
 when he established the pillars of the 
 earth; (ipnns for iprina.) 
 
 4. to resolve, decree. Is. 10 : 1. ^ , v 
 Part, pph a ruler^ leader, prince, /^^^^^-; 
 Judg. 5:9. *in ahole. See "lIH no. II. 
 
 11. Neh. 2: 16. 4: 14. (Comp. the 
 Arab. /-^ for r^^ to befree,free- 
 
 born, of noble descent ; /-^ noble, 
 
n^n 
 
 232 
 
 i-in 
 
 ^k.vit.i-1 , J no ia J of mount Sinai, now generally cal- 
 
 u^A~n masc. plur. Is. 36: 12. dung. , . ^ . I , , ^ t^-;.., ,. 
 
 -r -; *^ led ^irtfit. Lx. 3:1. li:0. JDeut. 1: 
 
 AA u ^ I , N T-K. 2. Mai. 3: 22. 
 (Arab. O/-^ f*? ^^^^-^ nafure.) i he 
 
 " ^ 2 nn m. verbal from ^nn. 
 
 Mnsoretes, reg.rdmg it as a low v ^^ ^^^ j,dg. 6:37,39. Hence 
 
 word, have p..c.d uoder .t ne vo;v. ^ j^^ 3^. ^^^^^^^ 3^. .^ 
 
 el points 01 n.Ni::. v^^e. D^^' -nn.) g' ^,,,^,,,,..__.^^^ .^^^^ ie^o/ate 
 
 S'ln, fut. Snn;: aad l-in;. cif?ei, Is. 6I: 4. Ezek. 2y: JO. 
 
 "l. to be dry, 10 be dried up. Gen. j-j^-^p; ^ ^f ^-^- plur. D^nnH, 
 
 8: 13. Job 14: 11. ' - ' "^ 
 
 2. fo 6e desolated or /aici tua^fe, 
 spoken of a country or city. (The 
 transition to this signiticatiou from 
 no. 1. may be seen in Is. 42: 15. 48: 
 21.) ls.34: 10. Jer. 26 :y. Spoken 
 of sanctuaries, Am. 7: 9. of nations, 
 to be destroyed. Is. bO: 1 2. 
 
 3. actively to f/esfroi/. Jer. 50:21, TlZnTl f. (for ns^n>) verbal from 
 
 12"^". dry^ especially th^ dry land. 
 
 with the article rr^snnn, a dc^ala- 
 tion, waste. Lev. 26: 31 -DK. "P^^ 
 tia'^r Di.'^'^y I ^'i^^ make your cuies 
 a zcasie.D'^ZL'yn n:2 10 build up 
 -waste places, Lzek. 36: 10, 33. 38: 
 12. comp. Job 3: 14. 
 
 Gen. 7:22. Ex. l4:2i 
 
 4. to be astonished, confounded.Jer. 
 2: 12. Synonymous with WO'D and . ^^^ , . , ^ 
 
 nrj3. Comp. particularly C72^. ^-^H m. verbal from Snn, dec. I. 
 
 Niph. 1. to be laid zvaste. Lzek. drought, heat. Ps. 32: 4. 
 
 26:19. 30:7. , ,, , ^ ^^H found only Ps. 18: 46. prob. to 
 2. recipr. fo seek each others de- - -r _ ',^, ,, , . 
 
 struction, hence to contend, fight. 2 
 K. 3: 23. 
 
 Pu. to be dried. Judg. 16: 7, 8. 
 
 Hiph. 1. to dry up. Is. 50: 2. 
 
 2. to layrvaste., e.g. cities, coun- 
 tries, Ezek. 19:7. Judg. 16: 24. ro 
 destroy, e.g. nations, 2 K. 19: 17. 
 
 Hoph. pass, of no. 2. Ezek. 26: 2. 
 29: 12. 
 
 fear, tremble. (Chald. N.n'nn aorror^ 
 timor, trepidatio.) Hence ^iSnn^l 
 trt"riTnaD:2^ they tremble out of 
 their strong holds, i. e. fbey leave 
 ihem trembling. (Comp. Mic. 7: 17. 
 Hos. il : 11.) .\ccording to others, 
 i.q. Arab. ; r^ to go out; which 
 
 gives a sense, nearly the same, but 
 not so forcibly expressed a? the 
 parallel clause weald lead us to ex- 
 pect. 
 
 2'ljn verbal adj. from i-^n, dec. V.b. 
 
 "1. dry. Lev. "i: 10. Frov. 17: 1. 
 
 2. desolate, waste. Jer. 33 : 10, , .^^ ^ , , ^ , * 00 o .r. 
 
 12. Neh. 2: 3, 17. Plur. ni^y^, E- ^^1* i found only Lev. 11: 22. a spe- 
 
 zek 36-35. " ci'es of locust, eatable and wmged. 
 
 ) c y 
 
 n'^^n f. verbal from i'ln, dec. VI. a. ^j^ Arab. Vr^p^ a troop of horses, 
 ' '1. a ^tt-ord nin ^Z\ insn to ^..^.^^ of locusts.) 
 smite with the ed^e of the sword, to ^ 
 put to death, Deut. 13: 16. 20: 13. 
 
 Josh. 6:21. 8:24. 10:28. 
 
 2. also other instruments for cut- 
 ting; as a knife for circumcising. 
 Josh. 5: 2, 3. a razor, Ezek. 5: 1. a 
 pickaxe, Ex. 20: 25. a battering ram, 
 Ezek. 26: 9. 
 
 3. dryness, drought. Deut. 28: 22. 
 
 Sin and niin the western summit 
 
 nn, fut. 'T^^^ L to tremble, to 
 quake, to be terrified. Ex. 19 : 16. I 
 Sam. 28: 5. Is. 10:29. Construed 
 with b , to tremble because of any 
 thing,'Job 37: 1. Often in the con- 
 strurtio prapgran, as Gon. 42: -28 
 
 they addressed one anothtr in terror, 
 saying, Comp. 1 Sam. 13: 7. 
 
riin 
 
 233 
 
 nn 
 
 2. to have care or concern for any 
 one, construed with ^fi<. 2 K. 4: 13. 
 
 3. to hasten^ like the Lat. trepida- 
 re, trepide accurrere. (Comp. TCH 
 Niph.) Hos. 11:10, 11.' 1 Sam. 16: 
 4. 21:2. 
 
 Hiph. to put in consternation^ to 
 make afraid. Judg. 8: 12. 2 Sam. 17: 
 2. Lev. 26 : 6 T^TO 1''N no one 
 makes you afraid. Job 11: 19. Is. 
 17:2. 
 
 inn verbal adj. from ^^n. dec. V.b. 
 
 1. timid^ timorous. Judg. 7:3. 
 Construed with ^y , 1 Sam. 4: 13. 
 
 2. fearing^ reverencing^ in a relig- 
 ious sense. Ezra 10 : 3 D'^'l'irrn 
 5l2'^n"bfi<, n^i:732 who fear the com- 
 mandment of our God ; comp. 9 : 4. 
 Is. 66: 2 ^-yyi b? T"^n Ae that fears 
 my words. In verse 5, construed 
 with bN. 
 
 nl'^n f. const, r^'^n , verbal from 
 inn, dec. XI. e. 
 
 1. fear., terror., trembling. Gen. 
 
 27: 33 nbia inn^n pnii'^ ^'^in.vl 
 
 an(i /*f/ac trembled exceedingly. Prov. 
 29:25 D'1J< n'^'ltl /ear of men. 1 Sam. 
 14: 15 D''^^^l.'n^^^l /ea* o/ Goc/, 
 i.e. a panic terror sent from God. 
 Plur. Ezek. 26: 16. 
 
 2. care., concern. 2 K. 4: 13. See 
 the verb, signif. no. 2. 
 
 3. proper name of a station of 
 the Israelites. Num. 33: 24. 
 
 n"in, fat. rrnri^., apoc. nn*; ; (kin- 
 dred with nnrj.) 
 
 1. to burn., to be kindled ; spoken 
 only of anger. It is found in the fol- 
 lowing connexions ; (1.) "isN rt'nn 
 his anger burns., Ex. 22:23. Constru- 
 ed with 2 of the person offending. 
 Gen. 30:2 ^n^a ip:^*-> PN ^n^-) 
 and the anger of Jacob was kindled 
 against Rachel. 44: 18. Job 32: 2,3. 
 42: 7. rarely with ^ii, Num. 24: 10. 
 or with ?5, Zech. lo': 3. (2.) used 
 impersonally, ^^ being omitted, 
 hb nnn ( his anger ) tajo^ kin- 
 dled, i.e. be was angry, Gen.31: 36 
 
 30 
 
 ibi^b 'nn'^l and Jacob was angry. 
 34:7.* 1 Sam. 15: 11. 2 Sam. 19:43. 
 (3) construed in the ame way with 
 ^rys, Gen.31 :35 "^nN! "rs^s ^n* bN* 
 /e/ not my lord be angry. 45 : 5. In 
 several passages, these phrases ex- 
 press rnther griej than anger; hence 
 it is often rendered in the Sept. by 
 Xvnri&r^vcci' ; comp. 2 Sam. 6:8. Gen. 
 4:5.J on. 4:5,10. For this connexion of 
 ^ideas,comp fi^TNiph. i:^yHithpa. 
 
 2. to be angry^ used personally. 
 Hab. 3: 7 Min"^ n^n d'^^n:nr! is 
 Jehovah angry with the rivers ? 
 
 Niph. to be angry., construed with 
 2. Cant. 1: 6 "^S i^r: ^izti "^ra my 
 mother'' s children were angry with me'y 
 (the form is analogous to the fut- 
 Kal ^'n\) Is. 41: 11.45:25. 
 
 Hiph. 1. to be hot., ardent., zealous. 
 Neh.3:20 ^:)-i2 p-^THH nlHtl r '-IHN 
 after him Baruch zealously repaired. 
 
 2. to cause to burn^ to kindle ; e.g. 
 anger. Job 19: 11. 
 
 Hithpa. to become angry. Ps. 37: 
 1,7,8. Prov. 24:19. 
 
 Deriv.^nn, ''^n. Comp. ii'^.rin. 
 
 C T**in masc. plur. chains of pearls, 
 corals, or the like. Cant. 1:10. 
 (Syr. I 15qa j comp. the Arab. 
 
 J^r^ to bore through^ especially for 
 
 the purpose of stringing ; J^r^ a 
 
 necklace of precious stones, berries, 
 or the like.) 
 
 7l*)ri dec. VIII. Job 30: 7. Zeph. 2: 
 9. Plur. D'^b'irt, Prov. 24 : 31. a 
 ihorn^ a thorn-bush. Comp. Celaii Hi- 
 erobot. T. II. p. 166. 
 
 pin m. verbal from M^n, dcc.HI.a. 
 
 1. a hvrninor. Ps, 58: 10. 
 
 2. 51N )^. "in glow of anger, i.e. an- 
 ger itself. Num. 25:4. 32:14. 1 Sam. 
 28: 18 p]:l2?^ i25< p-^n TP^OV tib'J 
 and thou hnst not executed his anger 
 against Amalek; comp. Hns. 11: 9. 
 More rarely "jinn alone-, used espe 
 
r^inn 
 
 234 
 
 nn 
 
 ciaUy oC divine anger. Neh. 13:18. 
 Ps. 2:5. Plur. Ps.'88:17. 
 
 yrnn rn. ( with Kumets irrrpure, 
 but examples of the phjral occur 
 only utider no 2.) 
 
 1. strictly an adj. pointed.^ sharp, 
 (sec y^T:;) hence as a poetical ep- 
 ithet of :\n-i72, Is. 41:15 Y^^n ^^V2 
 the sharp ilireshing sledge or iwagon, 
 and also without ^^il2 in the same 
 sense, b. 28:27. Am. 1:3. Job41:22. 
 For a de-cription of this instrument, 
 see :,-\V2. 
 
 2. a trench^ perhaps including al- 
 so the mound. Dan. ij; 25. (Chald. 
 y'%'1. Comp. the root no. 2. in 
 this case si'^'nifying' to dig.) The 
 verl)nn:i: it is built is spoken of 
 y^lll by the figure called zeugma. 
 
 3. iudiutrious^ diligent- (See the 
 verb no.3.) Pfov. 10:4. 12;24. 13; 
 4. 21; 5. 
 
 4. judgment, sentence. (See the 
 verb no. 4.) Joel 4; 14 [3; 14] 
 Y^'nt^n p^?.>2 in the valley of judg- 
 ment, i. e. of punishment. Sept. fV 
 KolXixdv T-tjg dlxrjg. 
 
 5. a poetical word for gold. Ps. 
 68; 14. Prov. 3: 14. 8:10. 12; 27. 
 16: 16. Zecl), 9; 3. perhaps literal- 
 ly, desired, coveted, (as if from the 
 Arab. i^J^^Z:^ avide cnpiit, qucBsivit.) 
 
 A. Schullens supposes it a peculiar 
 species of massy gold, at<mm spon- 
 te ejfossum ex terras, gremio, but the 
 expression appears rather general 
 and poetic, than special and tech- 
 nical. 
 
 ^v1**- m. verbal from '^''yn,injlamma- 
 
 tion, fever, DeMi.2S: 22. Sept. ige- 
 {>iGfxus. Vulg. ardor, 
 
 t^'in m. Ex. 32; 4. Is. 8: 1. a pen or 
 style, for writing on a tablet. Comp. 
 
 t2V/ (^y^* *-l'f^ to cut in, to en- 
 grave.) 
 
 D'^/^tJ'in masc. plur. diviners, sooth- 
 sayers,, persons skilled in hieroglyph- 
 ics ; in the Egyptian court, Gen. 41; 
 
 8,24. Ex. 7; 11, 22. 8;3, 14, 15. 9: 
 11. perhaps the kind of Egyptian 
 priests called by the Greeks Itgo- 
 yQCin^iutelg ; m the Chaldean court, 
 Dan. 1; 20. 2: 2. a kind of Magians. 
 (If the word is Sheraitish, it may be 
 compounded of X2^T\ a style or pen, 
 and Dnn to be sacred ; hence i. q, 
 UQoyQu^ilAaTslg. Others derive it 
 from the Copt. Eqto)^ or E^(SMf,i, 
 a worker of miracles. Others, with 
 more probability, from the Pers. 
 
 c ^ / c / c ^ 
 
 Caa/oO^::^- a -ayi^e man, from O ^^ 
 J c^ J 
 
 knosidedge, and <-\a/0 endorsed. See 
 Michaelis Suppiem. p. [)20. Rosen- 
 miilieri not. in Bocharti Hieroz. 
 T. II. p. 468. Jablonskii Opusc. ed. 
 te Water. T. I. p. 401. 
 
 'j'^!2u3in Chald. plur. idem. Dan. 2: 
 10,'*27. 4; 4, 6. [l; 7, 9.J 5:11. 
 
 ! ^"in bread, white or wheaten bread, 
 (comp. ^ir no. 1.) Gen. 40: 16 i>D 
 '^'in baskets of white bread; Vulg. 
 canistra fariniB ; Sept 'Aava '^fov- 
 
 dQiTO}v. (In Arab, [^p]^^ white 
 bread ; and m the Mishnah (Edajoth 
 c. 3, 10.) ^^n a kind of pastry.) 
 
 11. ""nn {perhaps dwelling in caverns, 
 from '-nnno. U.and the adjective 
 termination "^-7-,) proper name of a 
 people dwelling in mount Seir, Gen. 
 14: 6. afterwards driven out by the 
 Edomites, Deut. 2 ; 12, 22. Their, 
 chiefs, however, are mentioned 
 in connexion with those of the Edo- 
 mites, Gen. 36; 20. 30. 
 
 1:^1 *<^n n^j^sc. pir. 2K.6;25 | 
 Kethib. doves'' dung, comp. tD'^i^lll. ' 
 It can be taken literally, (comp- 
 Celsii Hierobot. P. II. p. 30. Ros- 
 enmiilleri not. in Bocharti Hieroz. 
 T. II. p. 582.) but it may also stand 
 for any other despicable food. 
 That the name doves'^ dung is appli- 
 ed in the Shemitish languages to 
 certain vegetable substances is 
 shown in Bocharti Hieroz. T.ll. p. 
 
 us. i 
 
ain 
 
 235 
 
 ^nn 
 
 0^"]n m. dec. III. a. a moneyhag^ a 
 purse. 2K.5:23. Spoken of as a fe- 
 male ornament, Is. 3: 22. (Arab. 
 
 du^.Jf^^' a leathern purse.) 
 
 I. y^^in dec. III. a. i. q. y^^n no.l. 
 a threshing wagon^ threshing machine. 
 2 Sam. 12:31. 1 Chr. 20:3. 
 
 n. iVtl^. "^.^It! 1 Sam. 17: 18. chees- 
 es. So the Sept. xovr^aUg. Viilg. 
 formella casci. Chald. and Syr. idem. 
 
 (In Arab. 0*2. 3 - j; > caseus molli- 
 usculus^ by a commutation of h and 
 
 "k23''in m. verbal from Ui^tl, dec. III. 
 a. a ploughing^ time of ploughing: 
 1 Sam. 8:12. Gen. 45 : 6. Ex.34: 
 21. 
 
 ''P^'in adj. strictly stilU quiet, Jon. 4: 
 8 n^lli-^nri D^'lJ^ nil prob. a still 
 or sultry east wind. Chald. quietus. 
 
 j'^n to catch .f seize. Once Prov. 12:27 
 TT^iS ^1^?3^ 1^tI2 ^''? according to 
 the ancient versions, laziness seizes 
 not its prey. Comp. the following 
 article. 
 
 ^'^!D"in masc. plur. Cant. 2: 9. strict- 
 ly a net., here a lattice window. 
 Sept. diKTvu. 
 
 *^in. Chald. to singe^ to burn. 
 
 ithpa. pass. Dan. 3:27. (In Syr. 
 
 
 idem. Arab. O.-^.) 
 
 I. tDnn in Kal not used. (Arab. r/- 
 
 to prohibit ; in several derivatives 
 also to consecrate.) 
 
 Hiph. D'^iniTJ 1. to devote to Jeho- 
 vah.) and in uch a way as not to be 
 redeemed. Lev. 27: 28. Mic. 4: 13. 
 
 2. This was done frequently to 
 hostile cities, after the taking- of 
 which, the men and animals were 
 put to the sword, the city was burnt, 
 and a curse imposed on those who 
 should rebuild it. The devotion and 
 
 destruction are both expressed by 
 this word. Deut. 2: 34. 3:6. 7:2. 
 20: 17. Josh. 8:26. 10:28, 37. 11: 
 21. 1 Sam. 15:3 ff. Sometimes with 
 the addition i'ln ""D^ with the edge 
 of the sword, Josh. 11: 12. 1 Sam. 
 15:8. Construed with ""inN, Jer. 
 50:21. (comp. 1 K. 14:10. 21:21.) 
 
 Is. 11: 15 0;: Y'tb riNt-iljn^ C)'^nn~i 
 
 d^nifcT^- and Jehovah devotes to de- 
 struction the tongue of the Egyptian 
 sea. The effect of this curse we 
 may conceive to be the drying up 
 of the gulf spoken of. 
 
 Hoph. d^inr: pass, spoken of per- 
 sons, to be destroyed or killed, (as if 
 devoted to God,) Ex. 22 : 1 9. Lev. 
 27: 29. of things, <o be devoted to God., 
 Ezra 10: 8. 
 
 II. Cin i.q. Arab. r*r^ to tear ojf, 
 
 to cutoff., intrans.ro have one^s nose 
 broken; conj. 11. to break one^s 
 nose. Part. D^iH Lev. 21:18. flat 
 nosed., m,utilated in the nose. 
 
 I. Sin m. with suff. "^12^^, verbal 
 from nnn no. I. dec. VI. j. 
 
 1. something devoted to Jehovah 
 without the possibility of redemption., 
 differing in that respect from other 
 consecrated things. See Lev. 27 : 
 21.28:29. Num. 18:14. Deut 7: 
 26. 13: 18. Josh. 6: 17, 18. 7: 1 ff. 
 1 Sam. 15: 21. Ezek. 44: 29. 
 
 2. anathema.^ curse. 1 K. 20 : 42 
 '^JZ'I'n UJ'^N the man whom I anathe- 
 matize ; comp. Is. 34: 5. Mai. 3: 24. 
 Zech.l4: U. 
 
 II. lD*in m. dec. VI. j. net (of a fish- 
 er or' fowler.) Hab.l: 16, 17. Ezek. 
 26: 5, 14. Id Chald. idem. 
 
 n^nn [curse) proper name of a Ca- 
 naanitish royal city, which was af- 
 terwards allotted to the tribe of 
 Simeon. Num. 14:45. 21 : 3. Deut. 
 1:44, Josh. 12: 14. 19:4. Accord- 
 ing to Judg. 1: 14, originally called 
 
 "j I'D "in proper name of a mountain- 
 ous ridge of Antilibanus,. which ac^ 
 
Din 
 
 236 
 
 5^-in 
 
 cording to Deut. 3: 9, was called by Luther, potsherd gate, (from to^tl.) 
 the Amorites ^^;u3 , by the Sido- Others, *wn or ertsi^ate, (from Dnti;) 
 nians p'-^^t!. la 1 Chr. 5:22, how- comp. r^'^rj "^yp Neh. 3: 29. 
 ever, Herman is distinguished from [, '^'yri, fut. ^'^r^l to mock, reproach, 
 
 revile, const nied with an accus. Fs. 
 
 Senir. According to Deut. 4: 48, it 
 is the same as Ib^'^^D. See also 
 Josh. 11:3, 17. P^. 29:6. 89:13. 
 133: 3. Plur. D^:^")n Ps. 42: 7. 
 Now Jebel es Shech. (For its appel- 
 
 5 c ^ 
 
 lative signification, comp. fV^ 
 high mountain.) 
 HDlZyrj^m. a sickle. Deut. 16:9. 23: 
 26. (This word appears to be 
 compounded of a'ln no.li.and "oj^in.) 
 
 jin proper name of a city in Meso- 
 potamia, in Greek KaQQM. Gen.ll: 
 31. 12:5. 27:43. 2 K. 19: 12. In 
 
 119:42. Prov. 27:11. Job 27 : 6 
 
 '^12'^12 "'ilb ?inn"; i^'b my heart re., 
 proaches none of my days. More tre- 
 quenljy in 
 
 Pi. p^nn idem. 1 Sam. 17: 26, 36w 
 Construed with ^, 2 Chr. 32 : 17. 
 wilh S, 2 Sam. 23* 9. Judg. 5:18 
 ni72b Tiic: ?]";\n D^ ]=i';?i! Zebulun 
 
 is a people that lightly esteemed their 
 life., even unto death,\.e. they expos- 
 ed themselves to the greatest dan- 
 gers ; (comp. Schnurrer on this pas- 
 sage.) 
 
 later times famous for the over- H. vj") PI found only in Niph. Lev.l9: 
 
 throw of Crassus. The same city 
 is perhaps intended Ezek. 27: 23. 
 comp. 2 K. 19: 12. 
 
 Q^Dnn proper name of a Moabitish 
 city. Is. 15: 5. Jer. 48: 3, 5,34. The 
 gentile noun is 'i:nn , N eh. 2: 1 0, 1 9. 
 A diiferent place is intended by n^2 
 ph. 
 
 I. D"in m. the sun. Job 9: 7. Judg. 8: 
 13. Also r^S-^M wilh n paragogic, 
 14: 18. (comp. ^-^h and rib^jb.) 
 
 II. D"in. the itch. Deut. 28:27. (Root 
 
 Arab. (J^v^ to scratch, to he rough, 
 scabby.) 
 
 III. Din Is. 19: 18. in the majority 
 ^ of MSS'. editions, and versions, ^"^^^ 
 
 D'lnlTT, (iu the common text ^"^2? 
 D'lJin,) according to Symm. Vulg. 
 Saad. the city of the sun, i. e. Heli- 
 opolis; but perhaps both readings 
 have the same sense, and O'lt^, de- 
 notes i. q. D^.n deliverance, comp. 
 
 the Arab. 
 
 a-uard. 
 
 to preserve, 
 
 r^D"]nf. Jer.l9:2 Keth. (in the Ke- 
 
 ri n^D^t], ) proper name of a gate, 
 in the city of Jerusalem, which led 
 to the valley of Hinnom. Vulg. and 
 
 20 Jj'^i^b n?."?.!!?. tinsp a bondmaid 
 betrothed to a man. ;^In Talmud. 
 JlD!i*in a woman betrothed, i. q. 
 i?Din5< strictly a woman purchased. 
 Comp. the Arab. ^ ^ r^ io exchange, 
 bargain; since a Wife w-is obt;iin- 
 ed by purchase. See t:"}jN: and 
 
 III. Pj^in denom. from 5^"\"n, to win- 
 ter, to pass the winter. Once Is. 18: 
 
 and all the beasts of the field shall 
 winter upon them. Antith. yrtp to 
 pass the summer, denom. from yip_ 
 summer. So the Chald. Jerome, 
 and Luther; and the context great- 
 ly contirms it. Also in Arabic the 
 significations of the verb L-^^-i^are 
 
 for the most part derived from a 
 noun denoting autumn or winter. 
 Others, after no I. the beasts of the 
 field shall insult them. 
 
 VJ'in m. dec. VI. m. autumn, or rath- 
 er, since the Hebrews distinguished 
 only two seasons of the year, au- 
 tumn and winter tofirether. Hence 
 the antithesis p)^n] y*;!? summer 
 and winter, Gen. ;^" : 22 Ps. 74: 17. 
 Zech.14: 8. Jl'inn-n'^^ the winter 
 
ynn 
 
 237 
 
 nirr 
 
 |7<i7ace,Am.3:15.-Job29:4 'cn n '^:q''2 
 in my autumnal days^or.as we. should 
 say, in my vernal days^ since the 
 Hebrews and other eastern nations 
 began the year with autumn. Je- 
 rome : diebus adolescentice mece. 
 (Hence 7l'y\'^ the fain which falls in 
 our autumn is called by the He- 
 brews the early rain; and M;ipb/2 
 that which falls in spring, the latter 
 rain. So ]''Dnri in Chaldaic denotes 
 early fruity in opposition to '^!:"'C^? 
 late fruit.) 
 
 ril^'nn f. plur. ni'Din, verbal from 
 pjnn no. I. dec. XI. c. 
 
 1.^ scorn^ reproach^ contumely. Job 
 IG: 10. Ps. 39:9. 79: 12. Mic. 6:16 
 '^725""r)S'in the reproach which my 
 people cast on me. 
 
 2. reproach., sha me .,dis grace. Is. 25: 
 8. 54: 4 the reproach of widowhood. 
 Josh. 5: 9 the reproach of Ef^ypt^ i.e. 
 that which cleaves to you from 
 Egypt to this place. 
 
 3. object of scorn, derision. Neb. 
 2: 17. Ps. 22:7. Joel 2: 17, 19. 
 
 ynri, fut. y-in;. 
 
 1. to sharpen to a pointy to sharp- 
 en. Found only in the proverbial 
 phrase Ex. 11: 7 bN^^TU") ^ZZ bbb 
 
 isibb nr^-y^n;. j^b against all 
 
 the children of Israel shall no dog 
 point or draw out his tongue^ i. e. no 
 one shall injure them. Josh. 10: 21. 
 Comp. Judith 11: 19. Deriv. Y^^ri 
 no. 1. 
 
 2. to rend.) tear., lacerate. Part. 
 Paul y^^n Lev. 22 : 22. lacerated, 
 having a small wound. 
 
 3. to be quick, active, diligent, 
 
 ^ ^ ^ 
 
 acrem esse. (In Arab. [J^^ conj, 
 
 I. VIII. idem. Comp. I'ln .) 2 Sam. 
 5: 24 y^ltin 7i< then be quick or has- 
 ten. See ynnn no. 3. 
 
 4. to determine, decide., decree. 
 1 K. 20 : 40. Job 14:5 tZl'^^^lnn t^l 
 1*^12*^ if his days are determined. Is. 
 10r"22 yi^n 1"1^'^3 the destruction 
 is decreed. 
 
 Niph. Part. n:z^n3 and nli^n2 
 as a subst. something decreed, sen- 
 tence of punishment. Is. 10: 23 npS 
 SliS^nj'l destruction and the decree, 
 a hendiadys for the decreed destruc- 
 tidn. 28: 22.Dan. 9: 27. 11: 36. Dan. 
 9: 26 n-i7:^r^ ^^"l.n?. ^^^ decreed 
 desolations. 
 
 Y'ln Chald. loins, i. q. Heb. li:*^:ibn 
 Syr. I ^..M. Dan. 6: 6 MZ^'nn ''^pp, 
 'J')'nri"i;73 the joints of his loins were 
 loose -^ i.e. he could not stand up. 
 
 m!-^"in plur. 1. tight cords or bands. 
 
 Is. 58: 6. (In Arab, by transposition 
 ^ ^ c / 
 
 O >.Acfi::^ to bind a cord tight.) 
 
 ^. pains, torments. Ps. 73: 4. 
 comp. bin no. HI. and bin no. I. 
 
 ^'^^.^^n masc. plur. found only Num. 
 6: 4. unripe grapes, out of which a 
 kind of food was prepared. (Arab. 
 5 o 
 
 Cr*^^^ unripe grapes ; by a trans- 
 position of : and 1 ; and a commu- 
 tation of 73 and D.) 
 pin, fut. p'-yT}^, i. q. Arab. ^ r^ 
 to gnash. Job 16:9 T'SUJa "^bs? P'nn 
 he gnashes upon me with his teeth, la 
 other places construed with an 
 accus. Ps. 35: 16. 37: 12. 112: 10; 
 Lam. 2: 16. 
 
 1"in, Arab. A, to be hot, burnt, dri- 
 ed. Job 30: 30 i^h ^IJ2 Tl^Ti ^'d:1V 
 
 T IT : 
 
 my bones are dried with heat. Ezek. 
 24: 11. ls.24:6 V^i^ ^nuJ"' I^H the 
 
 J : IT 
 
 . inhabitants of the land shall be con- 
 sumed as it were withjire, quasi igne 
 absumentur incola; terrce. (Comp. Jo- 
 el 1: 1820.) 
 
 Niph. "^n: to be burnt, dried, Jer. 
 6: 29. EzekVlo: 4. Fut. '^n') , Ezek. 
 15: 5. 24 : 10. There is another 
 form of the pret. 'njia (like btlS 
 from bbn, nnD from nnn,) Ps. 69: 
 4 '^3'i"1i} .ins my throat is dried. 
 102:4.* 
 
ti5-)n 
 
 238 
 
 t!5-in 
 
 Pilp. infin. ^n^H to kindle (con- 
 tention.) Prov.26:"21. 
 
 (D^^^nn plur. verbal from ^nn , dry 
 or parched places. Jer. 17: 6. 
 
 t!D"in m. a sherd, potsherd, Job 2: 8. 
 
 4i: 22. [41:30.j Ps. 22:16. n carf/i- 
 ern vessel, Prov. 26: 23. for which 
 last v/e more frequently find ''V.^ 
 t.nn Lev. 6: 21. [28.] 11:33. 14: 
 5, 50. 15: 12. (Arab. (J^>^ fo have 
 a roiigh skin ; and i^J^ r^^ to scrape. 
 Comp. D^rt the itch.) 
 
 0*^^11, l.fut. 'IJ'iri^,'!o cut^to cut in, en- 
 grave. Jer. 17:1. Deriv. '^i^'in no. 1. 
 
 2. io tuor/r,, labour, especi.illy 
 metals. Gen. 4:22. 1 K. 7: 14. Used 
 metaphorically like the Lat. fabri- 
 cari, machinari, Prov. 3 : 29. 6: 14. 
 14: 22. 
 
 3. to plough, till. (Arab. <i!jA.) 
 Deut. 22:10. Job 1:14. 4:8. Ps. 
 129:3 dv:;-^-- ri-^j-^n -za i^^ they 
 
 ploughed upon mij back. Metaphor- 
 ically Hos. 10:13 ye have ploughed 
 in wickedness, and ye have reaped 
 imcpiily. Deriv. c:'^*\il, D'ui'inTg. 
 
 4. fut. '^nri;^., to be dnnib, silent. 
 (It appears to be an intrans. from 
 the preceding ; as the Lat. tusus, 
 ohtitsw!, (^blunted,) from tundere ; 
 Greek y,o)q6g, {dumb, deaf,) from 
 'AOTTTOj; German stunim kindred with 
 siurnpf, T h e Ara bs, h o w e ve r, have 
 here a different orthography, name- 
 ly (^J^:v.) Used especially of 
 
 God, to be quiet, inactive, (in regard 
 to the prnyer? of men.) Ps. 35: 22 
 
 ^:3^nn bt? Min"; f^^'^'^ thouseestit, 
 
 Jehovah, he not inactive. 39:13. 83: 
 2. 109:1. Construed with -j?:, Ps.28: 
 1 '^llzJZ ci^rin. bi]? '^.I-^ my rock, 
 turn not silently axvayfrom me J.e. be 
 not inactive to help me. (Comp. 
 ^iz'z and n-:in.) 
 
 5. to he deaf. Mic. 7: 16. Deriv. 
 
 Hiph. 1. i. q. Kal no. 2. 1 Sam. 
 23:9. 
 
 2. i.q. Kal no. 4. to he silent., 
 to keep silence. Gen. 34: 5. Ps. 32:3. 
 50:21. Construed with b, <o be si- 
 lent about any thing, Num. 30: 5, 8, 
 12, 15. with '7J2, to be silent before 
 any one, Job 13: 13. with Vn, in the 
 same sense, Is. 41 : 1. Construed 
 with an accus. to conceal. Job 41 : 
 4. [,12.] to be silent about any thing, 
 Job 1 1 : 3. Especially as is com- 
 mon in Kal, to keep stilly to be inac- 
 tive, 2 Sam. 19 : 11. Jer. 38 : 27 
 "^112)2 . '^'^^^Jj^l they went quietly 
 a-jvay from him, i. e. they let him 
 alone. Also spoken of God, Hab. 
 1:13. Also spoken of God in the 
 difficult passage Zeph.3: 17 'ii'^^n^ 
 iniijNS usually he is quiet or ap- 
 peased in his love, as the context 
 seems to require ; but the usage of 
 the verb in other places does not 
 support this interpretation. We 
 should rather expect a negation, /ic 
 is not inactive in his love. 
 
 3. i.q. Kal no. 5. to be deaf. iSam. 
 10:27. 
 
 Hithpa. to keep still. Judg. 16:2. 
 
 'kl^in m. const, ui'in, plur. d'^'v23ir!, 
 
 T X - x' * T T ' 
 
 const, ""pin, verbal from Ui^nti. 
 
 1. a stonecutter. Ex.28: 11. 
 
 2. a workman in stone, wood, or 
 metal, i. q. Lat. fiber. Ex.35: 35. 
 Dent. 27: 15. Sometimes more ac- 
 curately defined by what follows, 
 bt'na ^"^n a workman in iron, a 
 smith, Is. 44: 12. D^iT^:, )^i< "iJ^H a 
 workman in stone, a workman in 
 wood. Is. 44: 13. 2 Sam. 5: 11. Met- 
 aphorically Ezek. 21 :36[31] ^dnn 
 nTlti/J workmen of destruction. 
 
 iDnn m. plur. tli^p^n, verbal adj. 
 from ^li'in, dec. VH. a. deaf. Ex. 4: 
 11. Lev. 'l9:14. Ps. 38:14. See the 
 root no. 5. 
 
 LU'nn m. verbal from ^"iH, dec. 
 VI." k. 
 
 1 . meclianic work, business of a 
 il'^rt. ls.3: 3 uD^'IJ'^n'uDl^r; the cun- 
 
yan 
 
 239 
 
 aian 
 
 ning artificer^ peritus fabricaiionmn. 
 Hence :3"^u:-jn j<\n 1 Chr. 4: 14. 
 Neh. 11:35. the carpenters^ valley^ 
 near Jerusalem. 
 
 2. silence^ and as an adv. silently^ 
 secretly. .Jos. 2: 1 
 
 u3*in m. verbal from ^li'in, (with the 
 form of the common participle, 
 compare nnx, ^ni^ ;) dec. VII. a. 
 literally the cutter, worker ; hence 
 aa instrument. Gen. 4: 22 "linn-b!!) 
 D'^tlj every instrument of brass, 
 
 tlS'in m. dec. VI. m. a thick wood, an 
 intricate thicket. (In Chald. \lj'nr; to 
 be entangled, i<nlU;^^n a thicket, 
 i!<t^r\r^awood.) Ts. 17:9. Ezek. 31: 
 3. With Si paragogic, Jl^^^h into ^,.,j_^ 
 the wood, 1 Sam. 23: 16. Also with ^^^' ^^^' ^'^'^- 
 prepositions, !rfu:nn2 in the wood, 
 verses 15, 18. Flur. tZJ''*:;^n, 2 
 Chr. 27:4. 
 
 jnpin f. verbal from wj'nn. 
 
 ''J - T 
 
 1 . a labouring or working in wood, 
 stone. Ex. 31: 5 35: 33. 
 
 2. CD-ji-in n'^-in Judg. 4:2, 13, 
 16. a place on the river Kishon, in 
 the north of the country east of 
 Jordan. 
 
 riin found only Ex. 32: 16. i.q. "^^r 
 
 no.l. to engrave. (Aram, n'^ri idem.) 
 Pj''"i23n m. found only 1 K. 20: 27 "^q'lj 
 
 lID"'Ty "^"Ujn two small flocks cf goats. 
 
 Sept. dvo 7ioi[.ivia alyojv. Vuig-. ^ 
 
 duo parvi greges caprarum. So also 
 
 the Chaldaic interpreter, Kimchi, 
 
 and other Jewish commentators. 
 
 Others : a couple of kids or young 
 
 1 ^ 
 roes ; comp. the Arab. LAmX:^ a 
 
 I 
 young roe, perhaps the young of the 
 goat and stag generally. 
 
 T^ri' fut. ^ii^ri:, (Aram, ^on, ^^ai-w.) 
 
 I. to hold back, to restrain. Pro v. 
 
 10:19. Job 7: 11. 16:5. Is. 58: I 
 
 ery aloud, ^iDnn bj^ hold not back 
 
 the voice.) Construed with "i-q of 
 
 the thing, Gen. 20: 6. 1 Sam. 25:39. 
 2 Sam. 18: 16. 
 
 2. hence to deliver, construed 
 with 173 of the thing. Prov. 24: 11. 
 Ps. 78:*50. Job 33: 18. 
 
 3. to deny any thing to any one, 
 construed with an accus. of the 
 thing and 173 of the person. Gen. 39: 
 9. 22:12. VVithout 173, verse 16. 
 
 4. to spare, withhold. Prov. 11: 
 24. 13: 24 he who spareth the rod 
 hateth his son. 21:26. Construed 
 with b of the object for which. Job 
 38: 2'S. 
 
 5. to spare, in reference to per- 
 sons. Is. 14; 6. 2K.5: 20. 
 
 Niph. 1. to be assuaged, spoken 
 of pain. Job 16: 6. 
 
 2. to be spared, saved. Job 21:30. 
 
 1. to strip, make 
 bare, as trees of their bark or 
 leaves. Joel 1: 7. Ps. 29: 9. 
 
 2. to make bare, to uncover. Is. 
 52: 10 Jehovah hath made bare his 
 holy arm. Is. 20 : 4 np tSV^JH with 
 naked buttocks, nudati nates, {^__ is 
 the construct stale ufier the Syriac 
 form, or the state absolute followed 
 by an accus. or el^e it ought to be 
 pointed "^-rr.) Construed with an ac- 
 cus. of the person, Jer.49: 10. with 
 an accus. of the garment. Is. 47 : 2 
 b^.ilJ "^/^pn yemoue the trail. Jer. 13: 
 26. 
 
 3. to draw, to draw off. Is. 30: 
 14. Hag 2: 16. 
 
 Deriv. pj^'ntt. 
 
 ^tl, fut. Ziz5n2 . I. to think, intend, 
 purpose ; construed with b and an 
 infinitive. Ps. 140:5 Hi'^in 
 '73^"B rtin'i'b who thought 
 throw my steps. I Sam. 18; 25. 
 
 2.. to imagine, invent, devise. Gen- 
 erally in a bad sense, as ion 
 b? m*ni2;tj73 to devise plans against 
 any one, Jer. 11 : 19. 18:11,18. 
 with bi$. Jer. 49: 20. 50: 45. n-^pn 
 bi" i^^"\. to imagine evil against any 
 one, Gen. 50: 20 
 
 3. to think, reckon, or account to 
 be any thing; construed usually 
 
 to over- 
 
Stan 
 
 240 
 
 ntnn 
 
 with >, Gen. 38: 15. 1 Sam. 1: 13. ^...^rt ru^^^ , r , t^ 
 
 : ' miUi \ Onald. to reckon^ esteem. Dan. 
 
 Job 13:24. sometimes with 3, Job ~ '4o n^i 
 19:11. ^4:3^. [35. J 
 
 4. used absolutely, to esteem^ to -.^P^ m. verbal from i>2Jn, the girdle 
 regard highly. Is. 13: 17. 33:8. 53: 'of the high priest'' s ephod, so called 
 3. Construed with b, Ps. 40: 18. from the damask work of which it 
 
 5. to impute, construed with b of was made. (See ::u;n no. 6.) Ex. 
 the person and an accus. of the 28:8,27,28, 29:5. 39:5,20,21. 
 
 11^ un m. verbal from niJn. 
 
 1. wisdom, understanding. Ecc. 7: 
 25, 27. 9: 10. Vulg". ratio, (In 
 Chald. "js'vlj^n reckoning, account, 
 amount] which would suit Ecc. 7: 
 
 thing. 2 Sam. 19:20. Ps. 32: 2. Gen. 
 15:6. 
 
 6. to invent, devise, as a mechanic. 
 Au-. 6:5. Ex.31 : 3, 4. (Comp. 
 rrisSlU^n.) Part. SUJn an artificer, 
 2Chr. 26:15. espfciaily a weaver^ 
 a worker in damask, differeDt, how- 
 ever, from Dp^h, Ex. 26 : 1, 31. 28: 
 6. 35:35. 36r8. 39: 8. 
 
 Niph. 1. pass, of Pi. no. 4. to be 
 reckoned, counted. '2, K. 22: 7. 
 
 2. to be counted to any thing ; 
 construed with \, Josh. 13: 3. with 
 ^::?, 2 Sam. 4: 2. comp. Lev. 25 :31. 
 
 3. to be regarded or esteemed as 
 any thing. Construed with a nom- 
 in. Prov: 17 : 28 r;::n^ dl^n he is 
 
 25, 27.) 
 
 2. proper name of a city of the 
 Amorites, which, after the settle- 
 ment of the Israelites in Palestine, 
 lay on the borders of the tribes of 
 Gad and Reuben, and was reckon- 
 ed sometimes to one and sometimes 
 to the other of these tribes. It al- 
 so belonged for some time to Moab. 
 Now called Husban. Num. 21: 25. 
 32:3. Josh. 13:26. 21:37. Cant.7: 
 5. Is. 15:4. 
 
 csfcemet/ t;isf. Gen. 31:15. Neh. 13: ;^^-^.-,.;b- , ,. , , o 
 
 13. with 3, Job 18:3:i:n':jn: W73 ^'"^-^^n P^"^. ^em. verbal from 
 
 J"ilOr!2l5 wherefore are 7i:e accounted 
 as beasts.^ 41:21. with '7 , 1 K. 10: 
 
 21. Is. 29:17. 32:15. with 2, Is. 2: 
 
 22. with Dy, Ps. 88: 5. 
 
 4. to be imputed to anv one. Lev. 
 7: 18. 17:4. 
 
 Pi. n^an 1. i.q.Kal no.l. Prov. 24: 
 8. Jon. 1: 4 the ship thought to be 
 broken, i. e. it was near being 
 wrecked. 
 
 2. i.q, Kal no. 2. Prov. 16:9. in 
 a bad sense, Dan. 1 1: 24, 25. Con- 
 strued with ^N, Nah. 1:9. Hos. 7: 
 15. 
 
 3. i.q. Kal no. 4. to esteem. Ps. 
 144:3. 
 
 4. to reckon, to count. Lev. 25:27, 
 50,52. 27: 18,23. 2K. 12: 16. 
 
 5. to consider, reflect on. Ps. 77: 
 6 ti'Jp.'n U^J21 ^Jnlipr) / consider 
 the years of Jormer times. 119:59. 
 comp. 73: 16. 
 
 Hithpa.^o reckon one'* 5e(/*,constru- 
 ed with 2. Num. 23:9. 
 
 iprt , engines, especially engines of 
 war, to cast stones or darts, tormen- 
 ta. (Comp. nuin no. 6. So the 
 modern Lat. ingcnia, whence inge^ 
 7iienr.)2Chr.26:\b. 
 
 2. artifices, devices, artes. Ecc. 7: 
 29. 
 
 I. npn I. to be silent. Ecc. 3: 7. Ps. 
 107:29. 
 
 2. to keep still, not to act, spoken 
 of God. Is. 62: 1,6. 64: 11. 65:6. 
 Construed with ], Ps. 28: 1 IB 
 "'272;^ iHuinn lest thou turn away si- 
 lently from me. (Comp. ^ij^nn no. 4.) 
 
 Hiph. ?Tf nn, part, ntn^o . 
 
 - 1. i.q. Kal no. 1. to be silent. 2 K. 
 2 : 3, 5. 7:9. Ps. 39 : 3 "V^y^m 
 iitS^ I was silent concerning {their) 
 prosperity. 
 
 2. i.q. Kal no. 2. Is. 57 : 1 1. 1 K. 
 
 22: 3. Comp. ':;'"nn?i. 
 
 3. trans, to quiet, appease. Neh. 8: 
 11. 
 
Titan 
 
 241 
 
 Mn 
 
 II. iHtDn i. q. t^n to be in haste. ^^^{forfune is reserved for him. ^3:11. 
 
 TT ^.^ 1- . .u Am. 5: 18, 20. Ps. 18: 29. (2.')sttcf- 
 
 Here belongs, according to the pre- ' . V ; "*'* 
 
 sent punctuation, the fut.apoc.tnn "^*^- Ecc. 5: 16. {S.) tgnoronce, 
 TK Qi t: D u 1 T 7 ~~ Job 37: 19. comp. 12:25, with verse 
 
 Job 31: 5. Perhaps also Judg. 18- 24 r j 
 
 k-L,.:^ r^. ,j , darkness. Gen. 15:12. Is. 8: 23. Ps- 
 
 :pUnChald.rfarA:w6w. Dan. 2:22. 82:5. Also n^D^-jpn, Ps. 139: 12- 
 
 Q'^P/liSn see u'^ptlin. Plur. D^^-jpn, Is.^50: 10. 
 
 nipn Chald. 1. fo think necessary, "^'?PM. f- verbal from r;i;n, dec. X, 
 
 construed with ]: and an infin. Dan. ^^^^^' Ps. 18: 12. 
 
 '^^^- , * riSrin fem. of ^UJn, ic^em. Mic.3:6. 
 
 2. to be necessary. Ezra. 6: 9 ^^!) ? T ' "^ 
 
 jnipn ei quce opus sunt. (Syr. ''?*3 '* ^* "^^1 "^^^ ^* ^^ ^^ 'zc'eaA:. 
 
 o.^^ ro 6e useful, suitable.) ^^'P^' '='^''?':??- ^^^ f''^^'^ ^^^"^^- 
 
 rt^._..;i-, ^ , _ cd. Dent. 25: 18. 
 
 mnjn f. need. Ezra 7: 20. L.,:^ 
 
 ^^. ~ /an ChRld. to be thin. 
 
 ^ "On, fut. ^'^n;; , to be darkened, ob. Pa. to make thin or small, to bruise 
 
 scured, dim ; spoken of the light or in pieces, 
 
 of the sun, Job 18: 6. Is. 5: 30. 13: ^^'nffln 
 
 10. of the earth, Ex. 10: 15. of the ^ 
 
 eyes, Larn. 5: 17. Ps. 69 : 24.-Ecc. 
 
 12: Srria-^Na rrij^-in ^r)U;n they are 
 
 ; IT T : IT ' 
 
 dark that look through the windows. 
 Part. pass. C^SpH mean men, homi- 
 nes obscuri, Prov. 22: 29. (Chald. 
 
 q. p-irt. Dan. 2: 40. 
 
 NDIU^n, MD'^'iJn loxso.. mean, obscure.) 
 Hiph. 1. to make dark. Am. 5: 8. 
 Construed with 'r, 8: 9. Metaphori- 
 cally Job 38: 2 ni:^ ^^"pn'a nt 173 
 who is it that darkeneth, i. e. censur- 
 eth, {my) counsel ; comp. 'rr^r\ 37: 
 19. 
 
 2. intrans. to be dark. Ps. 189: 12. 
 Jer. 13: 16. 
 
 Deriv. out of course ^:3n72. 
 
 .)]pri m. verbal from ^ujn, dec. VI, 
 m. 
 
 1. darkness. Gen. 1: 2 fF. Ex. 10: 
 21, 22. hence hades, the regions of 
 the dead, Ps. 83: 13. comp. Job lU: 
 21. 
 
 2. used metaphoricnlly for (1.) 
 misfortune, destruction. (In opposi- 
 tion to 'I'iM light, prosperity.) Is. 9: 
 1. Job 15: 22 ^'^\J2^ iriJ r^^?;;-i<;? 
 
 'UC- 
 
 m. Ezek. 1: 4, 27. 8: 2. Sept, 
 
 fjX^KTQOv, Vulg. electrum ; meaning 
 prob. thereby a bright metal com- 
 pounded of gold and silver, much es- 
 teemed in ancient times, (see Plin. 
 xxxiii. 4. 23.) To a similar idea we 
 are led by the common derivation 
 from *^)n2.or Dwrii brass, (dropping 
 the initial D,comp. "^tl for "^nD,) and 
 fi<^b^ virgin gold ; namely, gold- 
 en brass, aurichalcum, which by 
 some writers is said to have been 
 dearer than gold. The ancients 
 were acquainted with several spe- 
 cies of copper, which by a nat- 
 ural or artificial mixture of gold, 
 acquired a remarkably brilliant lus- 
 tre. In Rev. 1:15, we find in a sim- 
 ilar connexion the Greek word 
 %(/liioUljavov, which is of equally 
 difficult exphination. Others ex- 
 plain the syllable \.12 by lustre, as if 
 from bb'a to rub, polish, hence pol- 
 ished brass, i. q. bbp rilLniJ verse 
 7. See Bocharti Hieroz. T. II. p. 
 
 870878. 
 ^UJn he expects not to escape destruc- tS^'j^pn masc. plur. found only P?. 
 ticn. verses 23, 30. 20: 26 every 68: 32. probably, according to th* 
 31 
 
n^^n ' 242 
 
 Rabbins, princes, viri magni et prin- 
 
 '^nn 
 
 (Comp. the Arab, ^ma^ to collect) 
 cipes. (In Arab, j^-j.^:^ magnus ^^^^ ^ gam. 22: 12. In the paral- 
 
 magnique famulitii vir.) 
 render it as 
 
 Others 
 
 moneans. 
 
 lei passage Ps. 18: 12, ns-^in. 
 it as a gentile noun, Chas- -^te....:h- 
 f, inhabitants of the Egyptian ^ i^H iasc. plur. dec. 1. naves of a 
 
 province Jlshmunein, (^j<.Jf^Mj], wheel, modioli, where the spokes 
 
 ^trJnm.infull D2972ri -,dnEx.20:l5,30. .""^- ' K. 7: 33. 
 
 the breastplate of the high-priest^aWnd '^''^Tlm, hay, dried grass. Is. 5: 24 
 
 of gorget, on the outside set with 12 ^^^v ^^^ f^^^,^ ji,,,,mcB, hay set 
 
 precious stones, and in the inside hoi- tt-.' --j-/ / -^ 
 
 low to receive the Urim and Thum- ^ /-^^ c,o. ti rK u , .v. .''^ 
 
 C T^ r,r, r, ^ re crx n C I On lire. 2>0'. 11. (Arab. r W,-J.M\^ 
 
 mim. See Lx. 28: 22 ff. 39: 8 ff. and "^ ^ '^ 
 
 comp. d''"l1>. Perhaps literally idem.) 
 
 ornament, as if from the^ Arab. nH m. with suff. fiinn , plur. D\-in , 
 
 t^M.2^ fa 6c heautifal, conj. II. V. Zo ^^^^^^ ^^^"^ ^^^ 
 
 ^^Q^jj 1. adj. broken, spoken of the 
 
 plpn 1. to cleave or be attached to any 
 one, (from afTection.) Construed 
 with z, Deut. 7: 7. 10: 15. 21: II. 
 Gen. 34:8. Employed in an ellip- 
 tical construction, Is. 38: 17 np'i;n 
 ^bs niji^:^ ''''p=?i ^'^^^ lovedst {and de- 
 liveredst me) from the pit of destruc- 
 tion. 
 
 2. to have a desire to do any 
 thing, construed with b and an in- 
 fia. 1 K. 9: 19. 2Chron*. 8: 6. 
 
 bow. 1 Sam. 2: 4. 
 
 2. terrified, dismayed. Jer. 46 : 5. 
 
 3. snhst. fear, dread. Gen. 9: 2. 
 
 4. as a proper name, nn ''32 
 children of Heth,Rnd "nH, plur.DT}n, 
 a Hittit.e or Hittites, a Canaanitish 
 tribe, dwelling in the neighbour- 
 hood of Hebron. Gen. 23: 7. 15: 
 20. Deut. 7: 1. Josh. 1: 4. "5^^ 
 dTin 2 K. 7 : 6. for Canaanitish 
 kings generally. 
 
 Pi. p-pn to bind, join, connect. Ex. ^^^Xl ^' ^ ^^^^ (^^^ ^''^ ^^^^^ ^'''"^ "^ 
 
 hearth.) Is. 30: 14 n^p^^^'vliN rrinnb 
 to take f re from the hearth. Prov. 6: 
 27. 25: 22 b? tinh sinN D^bm ""S 
 VC:j<n ybr <Aow takest {and luyest) 
 coals upon his head. 
 
 2. to seize, lay hold of. Ps. 52: 7 
 b^T^t^. '^nD^T '^nn^ ^e shall seize 
 thee and pluck thee from thy tent. 
 
 Deriv. nPHtt. 
 
 38: 28. 
 
 Pu. pass. Ex. 27: 17. 
 
 p'OTl ra. verbal from p;i:)n, dec. Vl.cf 
 desire, pleasure, 1 K. 9: 1, 19. Is. 21: 
 
 4 "^ppT"} hfZij the night of my desire. 
 
 C'^jPpn and Q"'jO^n masc. plur. 
 dec. 1. poles or rods, by means of 
 
 which the upright pillars or lathes 
 
 of the court were joined together at 
 
 the top, and on which the curtains ririJl f. verbal from nnn, dec. X.ter- 
 
 were hung. Ex. 27: 10, 11. 38: ^ ^ Once Gen. 35: 6.' 
 
 ^ ^,^- ' 'P'lnn m. verbal from brin, bandage 
 
 'K^>1 ">. verbal from ptr, dec. I. ^f a wound. Ezek. 30: 'zi 
 
 spokes of a wheel, radii, which lD"^mnnn masc. plur. verbal from 
 
 connected the nave and felloe. 1 K.7. ' " 
 
 33^ rinn, terrors, Ecc. 12: 5. 
 
 nilUn or iHllDn f. a co//ecfion. n'^nrif. verbal from nnn, dec. I.^cr- 
 
snn 
 
 243 
 
 tinn 
 
 vealed to them admonition. Other?, 
 after the usual ?ignifiCation, he im- 
 presses or inculcates on them admoni" 
 tion. 
 
 ror,/fiar.Ezek. 32:23. &n"^nrj the fear 
 
 of them^ 32: 2426. 
 
 '^rin to determine^ destine. Niph. pa'ss. 
 
 Dan. 9: 24 seventy weeks ^5? ^nH?. nn!-r ou n . i t^ ^ io 
 - . , - '-/ Cnn Chald. to seal. Dan: 6: 18- 
 
 ^725 are determined concerning thy 
 
 people. (In Chald. to cut, decide.) 
 /^inn to wrap in swaddling-clothes, 
 Hoph. pass. Ezek. 16: 4. 
 Pu. pass. Ezek. 16:4. 
 
 Jl'^nn f. verbal from bnn, dec. X. 
 swaddling-band. Job 38: 9. Comp. 
 
 ] ^i^^n proper name of a city in Syr- 
 ia of Damascus. Ezek. 47:15. 48:1. 
 
 I. Dnn, fut. Dhn:. 
 
 1. to seal, to seal up; construed 
 with an accus. Also with ii'2, Job 
 9 : 7. (ee 1^'z no. 4.) and with 2, 
 Job 37: 7 DnVj^ C'1iJ-i^3 T2 fie 
 sealeth up every mans hand, i. e. 
 hinders him from using it. (Comp. 
 
 2. as the roll or letter, when 
 completed, was sealed up, hence to 
 complete, finish, fulfil, (in Arab. 
 idem.) Dan. 9: 24 .X-'n:! litn DnHb 
 till the vision and the prophets, i. e. 
 their oracles, are fulfilled. Vu\^. et 
 impleatur visio et prophetia. Ezek. 
 28: 12 n'^aisn Dnin complete in beau- 
 ty, i. e. a model of beauty, i. q. 
 
 Nipii' to be sealed. Est. 3: 12. 8:8. 
 
 Pi. toshutup. Job 24:16 ^:ann DTsi"" 
 172"" inthe day time they shut themselves 
 up, literally obsignant sibi. (The an- 
 ciefits often sealed up what we are 
 wont only to close, Dan. 6 : 18. 
 Mat. 27: 66. Lipsius in Tac. Annal. 
 II. 2.) 
 
 Hiph. idem, intrans. to be closed 
 or stopped up. Lev. 15: 3. 
 
 Deriv. out of course Dm*n. 
 II. Snn prob. i. q. Arab. *J^ to re- ^in^ q- RS:n to lay hold of, to seize, 
 
 veal or suggest to any one, constru- '"^/''^^ (''^^^^ '"'''"*) "^^^ ^' ^^' 
 
 ed with a. Job. 33:16 Dnn:] 0^0722 f\T^}l. verbal from ?inn, prey, spoil, 
 
 he revealed their admonition^ i. e. re- probably for pjnn lU'^fi^ a robber^ 
 
 Qnn a sea/,, see Cfiin. 
 
 HA^nn fem. of Dnin, idem. Gen. 38: 
 25.' 
 
 *jrin found only in the part, inn a 
 father-in-law, namely, a wife'^s fa- 
 ther, {a husbaniTs father in Hebrew 
 is Dn.) Ex. 18: 1 r^j^lZ ]nn thefa- 
 ther-in-lazv of Moses. Judg. 19:4ff- 
 Fem. n?.n'n a wife^s mother, a moth- 
 er-in-law, Deut. 27: 23. 
 
 Hithpa. to contract affinily by mar- 
 riage, namely, by marrying the 
 daughter of any one, or by giv- 
 ing him his own daughter in 
 marriage. Construed with nN, 
 Gen. 34: 9. 1 K. 3: 1. with 2, Deut. 
 7: 3. Josh. 23: 12. 1 Sam' 18: 22, 
 23, 26, 27. Ezra 9: 14. with ):, 2 
 Chron. 18: 1. (Arab. (^J^ conj. 
 111. to contract affinity by marriage ; 
 5 ^ ^ 
 
 (j^AD- a son-in-law, a wife^s rela- 
 tion.) 
 
 "inn m. verbal from Inn, dec. IV. c 
 
 1. a so-iniaa>. Gen. 19: 12. Judg. 
 15: 5,6. 
 
 2. a bridegroom. Ps. 19: 6. Is. 62: 
 f). Ex.4:25 a"'?Jl '^nn a bloody bride- 
 groom, on account of the child just 
 circumcised. Perhaps expressive of 
 a symbolical union with Jehovah, 
 (comp. 'n'21 ;) and perhaps also 
 containing an allusion to the signifi- 
 cation of "jnn i. q. Arab. (^A^ to 
 circumcise. 
 
 3. a kinsman by marriage, in ref- 
 erence to the husband. 2 K. 8:27. 
 
 lDnn f. verbal from inn, dec. X. a 
 marriage, wedding. Cant. 3: 11. 
 
t: 
 
 244 
 
 t^wrj 
 
 (comp. ^^ri for '^\r\ "^J'-iiS Sam.l2: 
 4.) Prov.'23: 28. ' 
 *nnn 1. to break through, e. g. a wall; 
 construed with a. Ezek. 8: 8. 12:5, 
 7, 12. Am. 9: 2'bNp2 ^iinn: t35< 
 if they break through or into hades. 
 Construed with an accus. Job 24 : 
 16. 
 
 2. to rors.', i. e. to break through 
 the waves. (Only in Heb.) Jon. 1:13. 
 
 Deriv. n^nn?^. 
 
 rinn l. to break or be broken in pieces* 
 comp. Niph. Pi. Hiph. 
 
 2. to be terrified, confounded, 
 (Several verbs of breaking have 
 this change of signitication ; comp. 
 S^nlnUJ.) Especially to be thrown in- 
 to Consternation, to be made asham- 
 ed^ kindred with 'iiia, Job 32: 15 
 Tis^ ^5^ J^b ^nn thexj were thrown 
 into consternation, they answered no 
 more. Jer. 8:9. 14:4. 48:1,20,39. 
 50: 2. 
 
 Niph. nri3 (not to be confounded 
 with nr[5 from nn:,) fut. nnr., plur. 
 
 1. to be broken or shattered in 
 
 pieces. Is. 7: 
 
 51: 6 i<b Tp'lirT 
 
 nnn my goodness shall not be broken, 
 i. e. it shall not cease. 
 
 2. to be terrified, to despond. Fre- 
 quently joined with N"}."', Deut. I: 
 21. 31: 8. Josh. 1:9. 87l. 10: 25. 
 Construed with ipsa, to be afraid of 
 any one, Jer. 1: 17. Ezek. 2: 6. 3: 
 9. with 1!^ , in the same sense, Is. 
 30: 31. 31': 4. Jer. 10: 2.-]VIal. 2: 5 
 ^ilSl nn3 ^J2p ^33^ and he feared 
 my name. Also to be confounded, 
 Jer. 17: 18. 
 
 Pi. 1. intrans. to be broken in 
 pieces. Jer. 51: 56. 
 
 2. trans, to terrify. Job 7: 14. 
 
 Hiph. nri^i, ^nnntj (Jer. 49:37.) 
 
 1. to break in pieces. Is. 9: 3. 
 
 2. to terrify, to make afraid, Jer. 
 49: 37. to make ashamed, J oh 31:34. 
 So in Hab. 2: 17 'jn^n'] , for lnn\ 
 '^_- stands for Hirik with Dag- 
 esh forte following,(comp.D''pT;)and 
 j __ stands in pause for "j.^. Vulg. 
 deterrebit eos. 
 
 Deriv. out of course nh , Sinn , 
 
 nrin m. verbal from nnn, terror. 
 Job 6: 21. 
 
 D 
 
 This letter is called in Hebrew etc. For its interchange with 1, 
 
 t2^lJ, and as a numerical sign denotes see page 136. 
 9. In composition ID denotes 15, 'Ziiip Chald. to be joyful,' glad, 
 
 (9 4- 6.) In Arabic there are two 1' ^. o f^.L i i 
 
 ^ ^ I Dan. 6: 24. Syr. ^^\i to be glad. 
 
 corresponding letters, namely -b g^^ ^^^ ^^ ^ 
 
 and k The former is more com- ^s^*j^v^-j ^^ ^^^ ^^ (j ^al- 
 
 mon, as the latter approaches to - . ^ , ., 
 
 the:^. It is often commuted with mud. NO.Nt:, also ^^^0 ^^^em, t:,^.t3^ 
 
 n; as ;]nr! and ;]Dn to seize; ^op^ a sweeping out, kindred with t:''D 
 
 Arab. ,VC5 to kill^li^^ri and m^ai '^"^^ *^"^'-) ^'- ^'^^ f .^'.^/'^^.^^l 
 
 pU ' TT tt' nigipn NDi^ptti and 1 will sweep 
 
 Syr. iiu^ ro err ; comp. !:Dr no. U. her' {Babylon) aiway with the besom 
 
n'ci 245 P2a 
 
 of destruction; (so the Valg Chald.) pSU m. verbal from nSB, dec. I. lit- 
 indicative oi entire destruction; ^ " - t' 
 
 comp. 1 K. 14: 10. 21: 21. A sim- ^'"^^^y ^^^V^^^/^^ ; hence 
 
 ilar figure is found under nn. ^ "'^"^'^^ 1. ^''- ^' ^^'-4- ,. ' 
 
 ^ ^"^ 2. an executioner, one "jn ho inflicts 
 
 Others compare the Arab. iLVL <^fP*^^ punishment This ta^k m 
 
 pr./.m/m effecitfossam, hence in ^^^^ east belonged to the body 
 
 our passage, / zvill sink them into ^"^'^^ ^^ ^^^ '''"- ^ "^^ =^":i ^ ^^ 
 
 the pit of destruction ; which, how- 25:8 ff. Jer.39:9 ff. and a'r^T'^^3 "iiP 
 
 ever, is not sufficientiy confirmed. Gen. 37: 36. 39:1. 40:3,4. 41: 
 
 In a similar manner, the Sept. '^^- 10, 12. the captain of the body 
 
 OM avTrji/ nrjXov ^agadgov tig guard, who was also the king's 
 
 mio)Xetav, evidently deriving it chief executioner, like the Captain 
 
 from tj-^D mire, nrjkog. Pacha of the Ottoman Porte. 
 
 -(-2 Chald. good. Dan. 2:32. Ezra 5: n^lil^ Chald. an executioner, member of 
 17 iD fr!S^^ b? "n if {it seem) gold ^j^^ f,^jy ^^^^^^ p^n. 2: 14. 
 
 unto thekin<r, Comp. i^D Est. 1:19. ^r^f^T^ u ^ c <_^... j in 
 
 o. Q =' if >^ n^U m. verbal from n^t: , dec. VI.i, 
 
 ^kt.,t.k^i.>^ ! cattle for slaughter, also a feast 
 
 a ^^^Jmasc. plur. 6anc/cr^e5, /icac/- on i/zcm. Prov. 9:2 nnnD Jinnd 
 
 bands,' turbans Ezek. 23: 15. (Usu- ,/,g ^,7/,^^ ^^^ ^,g,;,^ or prepares^ her 
 
 ally derived from IriD to colour-, j,^,^^ Gen. 43:15. comp. HZTno.l. 
 
 but more probably from the Ethiop. 2. t/ie slaughtering-bench, the 
 
 irbnt: <o TB^inti round, to swathe with slaughter. Prov. 7: 22. Is. 53: 7. 
 
 bandages.) ^ ^ slaughter or destruction of 
 
 niSp m. a height, hill, mountain. frien. Is. 34: 2, 6. 
 
 Judg. 9: 37 r^i$a^^=^ t]5:ri. d'^l^^'^ nnDi: fern, of n^j , dec. X. 
 
 descending from the height of the ^ \; leasts slain, a feast on them. 1 
 
 land; (comp. D'^^j^n "^V^^ verse Sam. 25: 11. 
 
 36.) Ezek. 38: 12'^ti2t: b^ ^n/ij"' 2. </ie ^/aw^r/ifcr. Ps. 44: 23. 
 
 V^.5<^il cZu'//in^ upon the height ^^Y]TJ {em. of nz:2, dec. X. a female 
 
 of the land. (Comp. bN'lU;: ^^n ^^J^. i Sam. 8: lo". 
 
 mountains of Israel for </ie country .^^^j. 
 
 generally, 0: 2. 33: 28. 35: 12. 38: ^"-?.H 1 ^hr. 18: 8. proper name of 
 
 8.) In Samar. 'minu a mountain; a city in Syria ofZobah, which ia 
 
 in Talmud, inl"):: the navel, the parallel passage 2 Sam. 8: 8, is 
 
 thus too the Sept.' and Vulg. called nos. 
 
 translate ^n^a in both places. Vk*a r . ^ . ^^^ , ,- ..^ ,* ^ i 
 - '^ r ^^, mi. -pii^^, to dip m, construed 
 
 Most translators have followed ^ ^.u - r^ '** or. 01 t * 00 a a 
 
 ,, ^, . ,. r. with 2. Gen. 37: 31. Deut. 33:24. 
 
 them, though the ngure appears ^ . 
 
 very unnatural ^^"^^ ~- ^^* ^^^^^ without an accus. 
 
 ^^^. ' * Ex. 12:22. 2K. 5: 14 he went dozan 
 
 n^U kindred with niT. j^.^^^rj y^-oj l^-j^a bza^.;: and dip- 
 
 1. to slaughter, kill, as animals. pedm the' Jordan seven limes. 8: 15. 
 Ex. 21:37. [22: 1.] Especially to Niph. pass. Josh. 3: 15. 
 
 dress them for the table, 1 Sara. 25: 
 
 1 1 . Prov.9:2. (In Arabic we find on- ^4^ ^ to sink,e.. into the mud, into a 
 
 ly the latter idea, ^aL to cook, ?'* P; 9: 16. 69:3, 15. Lam. 2: 9 
 to roast.) <^ T^^V r>:5 ^^T^T ^''' S^^'' ^^ 
 
 2. to cut down, destroy. Ps. 37:14. sunk to the ground. 
 
 Lam. 2: 21. 2. to penetrate, infigi. 1 Sam. 17: 
 
nn"j 
 
 246 
 
 nit: 
 
 49 iniiXDa )^^^ ^%'R^l "^ i^e 
 
 stone penetrated into Jus forehead. 
 
 3. as in Arabic, to seal; literally 
 trans, of the preceding signification, 
 to make an impression on a soft sub- 
 stance. Deriv. n^'zL). 
 
 Pu. i.q. Kal no."l~ Ex. 15: 4. 
 
 Hoph. idem. Jer. 38: 22. to settle 
 down or subside., spoken of the 
 foundations of the earth, .Tob 38: 6. 
 of the mountains, Prov. 8: 25. 
 
 ni/Si: f. plur. nfetj, const, rriysu, 
 verbal from "5t3 ,'^dec. XIII. m. 
 
 1. a seal-ring., a sij^net. Gen. 41: 
 42. Est. 3: 10. See i'nU no. 3. 
 
 2. a ring generally,^ even with- 
 out a seal, or not intended for the 
 finger. Ex. 35: 22 ff 37: 3 if. 
 
 n^uD Judg. 7: 22. a place not far from 
 Abel-meholah in the tribe of E- 
 phraim. 
 
 nijtp name of the tenth month, cor- 
 responding partly to December and 
 partly to January of our calendar. 
 Est. 2: 16. " Decimus mensis, qui 
 Hebraeis appellatur Tebeth, et 
 
 1. <o pMn*/y ; e. g. a people, coun- 
 try. Ezek. 24: 13. 36: 33. 39: 12, 
 14. 
 
 2. to pronounce clean or pure., 
 spoken of the priest. Lev. 13: 13, 
 17 ff. 
 
 Pu. pass. Ezek. 22: 24. 
 
 Hithpa. 'iMtiJl and ^ilt2tl to pu- 
 rify or cleanse one's self. Gen, 35 : 
 2rLev. 14: 4 ff. 
 
 "ImI: m. verbal from int:, dec. VI. n. 
 
 1. purity., brightness, clearness, 
 spoken of the firmament. Ex. 24:10. 
 
 2. purification. Lev. 12: 4, 6. 
 
 nriD m. verbal from "inti , dec. I. 
 
 T r: T ' 
 
 lustre., majesty., g^ory. Ps. 89 : 45 
 S~\rtu!?2 f^5^il ^^^OM makest his glory 
 to cease. For the construction with 
 j^q, comp. 1 K. 18: 5. Mich. 4: 2. 
 
 irnrO fem. of ^l-ib, dec. X. 
 
 1 . purity, 2 Chr. 30: 1 9. 
 
 2. purif cation. Lev. 13:35. 14:2. 
 In^ntS "^721 blood of purification, 
 from which the lying-in-woman is 
 cleansed, Lev. 12: 4, 5. 
 
 apud ^.gyptios 71/?^ (in La Croze DID, pret. nit2, ^ib, (instead of the 
 rr...R, ; o vior^n.. ivm ^ii^R. A.oK future, i::-^-! is in use from nt3\) 
 
 Toj/ji., in a Vienna MS. T7j(h, Arab. 
 
 S.3iyib,) apud Romanos Januarius." 
 Jentme on Ezek. 39: 1. 
 
 ^lut:, const. ^riD, sometimes -^^p 
 (Job 17: 9.) verbal adj. from ^'r}Vi , 
 dec. HI. a. and h. pure; particular- 
 ly (1.) unmixed, as gold. Ex.'25:ll. 
 (2.) clean, not dirty. Zech. 3: 5. 
 \3.) clean^ in a ceremonial sense. 
 Lev. 13: 17. hence spoken of ani- 
 mals permitted to be eaten, Gen. 
 7: 2. 8: 8, 20. (4.) pure, in a moral 
 sense. Ps. 12:7. 19: 10. 51: 12 i^. 
 linD a pure heart. Job 14: 4. Used 
 abstractly as asubst. purity, Prov 
 22: 11. 
 
 1 j^u) to be or become pure ; in a phys- 
 ical sense, 2 K. 5: 12, 13. especially 
 in a ceremonial sense, opposite of 
 fi<:a;j, Lev. 7: 19. 10:10. 11: 36. al- 
 so in a moral sense, Job 4: 17. Prov. 
 20: 9. 
 
 Pi. ^nu, fut. "iti^:. 
 
 1. to be good; but only used im- 
 personally, (I.) 'b n'iD it goes well 
 with me, Deut. 5:' 30. 15: 16. 19: 
 13. Job 13: 9 ''S niD^r will it go 
 
 well {with you) that etc. Also 
 
 it helps one. Job 10:3. to be 
 well {in mind,) I Sam. 16: 16. (2.) 
 '2''y2 n^D it pleases me. Num. 24: 1. 
 In the later books we find b? in- 
 stead of "^rs^a, 1 Chr. 13: 2. Est. 1: 
 19 nnt: '!]b73ri b^ DN if it please the 
 king. 3: 9. 5: 4,' 8. 7: 3. Neh. 2: 5. 
 comp. Ezra 5: 17. 
 
 2. ta be fair, lovely. Num. 24: 5. 
 Cant. 4: 10. 
 
 3. to be serene, joy fulf (the prev- 
 alent meaning in Syriac,) spoken of 
 the heart. 1 Sam. 25: 36. 2 Sam. 13: 
 28. Est. 1: 10. 
 
 Hiph. n^tsri , (i'^D^in from nt:'^ 
 
 occurs more frequently.) 
 
 1. to do well. 1 K. 8:18. 2 K. 10: 
 30. 
 
31E: 
 
 247 
 
 ma 
 
 2. to do good. Ezek. 36: 11. 
 
 3. to make fair Qv beautiful, Hos. 
 10:1. 
 
 'la, fern. iI^IlO, verbal adj. from 
 :nD, dec. I. "^ 
 
 1. good. ""^ iitD M"*:! i^goesTwe// 
 with me. Ecc.8:12,13. Dnb, n:b laiob 
 that it might be well with us^ with 
 them, Deut. 6: 24. 10: 13. Jer. 32: 
 39. (strictly for ^ niD ni'^ri^, comp. 
 
 om /, Ps. ri9: 7*1. Lam. 3 : 27. 
 
 '*2''5';2 iitD <Aaf which pleases me, 
 (Num.24:l.?) Deut. 6:18. Gen. 16: 
 ^ ^!r?^ i'tsri nb ^tJS; c?o ro her 
 what pleases thee, 19:8. Judg. 10: 
 15. 19: 24. Also, in the same sense, 
 with ^3Di?, Ecc. 2 : 26. and ';:, (Job 
 10:3.?) Deut. 23: H.-m't: fi<b some- 
 times for evil, wicked, Prov. 18: 5. 
 20:23. Also as an adr. well! come 
 on! 2 Sam. 3:13. Ruth 3: 13. and 
 as a subst. something good, a good. 
 Job 7: 7. Ps. 16: 2. and placed as a 
 genii ive after another noun, e. g. 
 iiC2 n3^2 benediclio boni, i. e. bona. 
 '2^r2b for good, for the most part 
 in phrases otherwise ambiguous, 
 (see InniD,) Ps. 119:122. Deut. 
 30: 9. " 
 
 2. fair, beautiful^ spoken of per- 
 sons and things. Ex. 2: 2. Gen. 6:2. 
 Often with the addition nJ<n?2, Gen. 
 24: 16. Est. 1: 11. 2: 3, 7.' '* ~ 
 
 3. pleasant, lovely. Cant. 1:2. 4: 
 10. Especially of a pleasant smell, 
 
 fragrant, mtari ]^d the fragrant 
 ointment, Ps. 133: 2. Is. 39: 2. 
 
 4. happy, prosperous. Jer. 44:17. 
 Ps.l 12: 5 CJ''^-:ait: happy is the man. 
 Ecc. 5: 4, 17.' 7: 18. comp. Lam. 3: 
 36. Amos 6: 2. 
 
 6. great, Ps.69: 17 ^"riDri n'la ''D 
 /or iA?/ goodness is great. 109 : 21. 
 (Comp. Ruth 3:10.) Syr. t.:!.^ adv. 
 valde, 
 
 6. joyful. Est. 8: 8. 1 K. 8: 66. 
 iit: nba zyif/i a joi//u^ Aeari, Ecc. 
 J: 7 
 
 7. ^^i' iit3 having a compassion- 
 
 ate eye, merciful. (So the Sept. 
 Vulg.) Opposite of y:; 5?^ . Prov. 
 
 22: 9. 
 
 121l2 proper name of a country be- 
 yond Jordan. Jud. 11:3. 2 Sam. 
 10:6. Probably the same with 
 Toi^iog 1 Mac. 5: 13. 
 
 n'^iD m. verbal from iitD, dec. I. 
 
 1. goodness, good condition. Ps, 
 119:66 Di^D '2^X2 goodness of jud g' 
 ment, i. e good judgment. Often 
 spoken of God, Fs. 25 : 7. 27:13. 
 31: 2U. 145: 7. Jer. 31: 14. 
 
 2. what is good or 6e5r, the best 
 part. Gen. 45 : 18, 20. Especially 
 the best productions (of a country,) 
 Gen. 45: 23. Is. 1: 19. Ezra 9: 12. 
 
 3. goods, riches. Gen. 24 : 10. 
 Deut. 6: 11. 
 
 4. joyfulness, spoken of the heart. 
 Deut. 28: 47. Is. 65: 14. 
 
 5. prosperity, happiness. Job 20: 
 21. 21: 16. Prov. 11: 10. 
 
 6. beauty, glory. Hos. 10: 11. 
 Zech 9: 17. Ex. 33: 19 n''::^:^ ""^tV 
 '^3JltD~bs / will make all my glory 16 
 puss before thee. 
 
 n^lO fem. of 3iD, dec. X. 
 
 1. what is good, goodness. Jllsiub 
 for good, Neh. 5: 19 remember tt, 6 
 God, to me for good. 13 : 31. Also 
 in phrases otherwise ambiguous, 
 Ps. 86:17. Jer. 14:11. 24:6. Ezra 
 8:22. 
 
 2. goodness, blessinsr, (of God.\ 
 Ps. 65: 12. ^ 
 
 3. happiness, prosperity. Ps. 16: 
 2. 106:5. 
 
 nID to spin. Ex. 35 : 25, 26. (Arabv 
 sJy^ to fold up, to wind about,) 
 Deriv. H'l'q'n . 
 
 n^L^ (comp. Arab. j^Lb med. Je) to- 
 
 cover, overlay ; hence to close (the 
 eyes,) Is. 44: 18. to plaster over {a 
 wall,) Lev. 14:42. 1 Chron. 29: 4. 
 Construed with two accusatives, 
 Ezek. 13 : 1016. 22: 28. In Is. 
 44 : 18, the pret. is nt3 as if from 
 
 IViph. pass. Lev. 14: 43, 48. 
 Dei-iv. n^C3, ninp . 
 
IHD 
 
 248 
 
 mSDlt} plur. fern, bracelets^ front- 
 lets ; especially scrolls of parchment^ 
 with passages of the Mosaic law (such 
 as Ex. 13: 110. 11 16. Dcut. 6: 
 4 9. 11:13 21.) written upon 
 them^ commanded to be worn on 
 the forehead and left wrist, Ex. 13: 
 16. Deut. 6:8. 11:18. These were 
 afterwards regfarded as amulets. 
 They are called by the modern 
 Jews I'^Vcn, and in the JSf. Test. 
 (fv).a'ATriQia^ phylacteries, (Chald. 
 i<5t:iD, MnSCDir: a bracelet, turban.) 
 
 /"^^ in Kal not used. In Arab. 
 
 jjlJo to be long. 
 
 Hiph. b'^21ri to extend along,, to 
 throw, to cast^ 1 Sam. 18: 11. 20: 33. 
 Jon. 1:5, 12, 16. to cast out (of a 
 country,) Jer. 16:13. 22:26. Ap- 
 plied to the sending of a wind, Jon. ^j_^. ^ ^^ 
 1: 4. nni^ see H^O 
 
 inward parts ? So the Chald. Vulg-. 
 in visceribus hominis. (Parall. "'llDip 
 heart.) The explanation of the lat- 
 ter passage has this difficulty, that 
 it does not suit the context, verses 
 34, 35, 37, 38, which all speak of 
 appearances in the atmosphere. 
 Some, therefore, have attempted 
 to accommodate verse 36 to the 
 rest, by rendering nint: clouds, and 
 ^IDil) a meteor ; but it would he 
 better to suppose an abruptness in 
 the course of thought, or verse 
 36 to be transposed out of its plnce, 
 than to reject what appears the 
 obvious meaning of the verse. 
 
 nnD hence Pilel part, n'xip. ""^irt:^ 
 the archers.^ Gen. 21 : 16. (Comp. 
 
 \.s:li3 expandit.) The form i like 
 
 Jin:, inN: ; and nntj, JT^nn-iiin . 
 
 Hoph. to be cast, spoken of a lot, pHL} m. verbal from inD, a mill, 
 
 Prov. 16:33. to be cast down, Ps. 
 [41:9.] to be cast 
 
 handmill. Lam. 5: 13, 
 
 37:24. Job 41: .. ^ ^ 
 
 out, Jer. 22: 28. u'^linu) masc. plur. dec. \. a diffi- 
 
 Pilp. ^tpbt: to throw or cast away. cutty in going to stool, tumours on the 
 
 Is. 22: 17. Deriv. tlbtsbt: . 
 
 *l'^uJ m. dec. 1. 
 
 i. a row. Ex. 28: 17 C 39: 10 ff. 
 2. a wall, border, boundary. Ezek. 
 
 5 c/ 
 
 46:23. {\v^h.j^h> a boundary wall; 
 pU-ir) septum.) 
 
 1^^ Chald. a mountain, rock. Dan. 2: 
 35,45. 
 
 ilJ^LJ to fly. Job 9: 26. (Syr. ..m^.) 
 
 riliJ Chald. a fasting ; as an adv. 
 zviih fasting. Dan. 6:19. (After the 
 form n23, from Irjit: i. q. Arab. 
 ^^ir> to fast.) 
 
 Dinp plur. fern, according to the 
 Jewish commentators, the reins, 
 (from n^D to cover, because the 
 reins are covered with fat ; comp. 
 -?,n-) P^- ^1-8 behold thou lovest 
 truth in the reins or inward parts. 
 Job 38 : 36 who puts wisdom in the 
 
 fundament, hemorrhoids, piles; or the 
 fundament itself as the seat of dis- 
 ease ; for the most part only in the 
 Keri for D'^bc>', Deut. 28:27. 1 
 Sam. 5 : 6, 9. but sometimes in 
 the text itself, 6: 11, 17. The Ke- 
 ri probably contains the less pffen- 
 
 V 
 
 sive expression. (Syr. ;. j^^ to strain 
 
 hard in discharging thefosces; pQ-*-^ 
 diffi-cully in discharging the forces, 
 the fundament. The Aramean trans- 
 lators use this word for the Heb. 
 
 D^b52>.) 
 
 jnO to grinds to bruise in pieces. Ex. 
 32: 20. Num. 11 : 8 -"^y "^sd ]nD ^ 
 to grind the face of the poor, i. e. 
 to oppress him greatly. Is. 3: 15. 
 Job 31 : 10 "^n-^w^ ^'^.^\ )^'^P. ^y 
 wife may grind for a stranger, i. e. 
 become his mill-maid, or most ab- 
 ject slave; (comp. Ex. 11.5. Is. 47: 
 2.) The Sept. Vulg. Chald. on 
 account of the antithesis in verse 9, 
 
dVj 249 ^12"^ 
 
 and the parallel clause in verse 10, ^^j^ .^ ^,^^ ^^^ yi ^ ^,^^,^ 
 
 render it, she may have criminal m- ' : J' n-Ti 
 
 tercourse with another; comp. the ^'"^' ^^- ^^' ^^' 
 
 Greek (.ivXletv and Latin molere^ /*Pt2 found only in Pi. VV^ ^^ cover, 
 
 both used in this sense. But in this tJ cover with a roof, i" 'q. r:^p . 
 
 case we should expect the verb to j^^ejj, 3: 15. For^t:bt3, see bnt)' 
 
 have been in the passive voice. ' tc / '': 
 
 Deriv. out of course p'rit: . (Arab. \^ conj.ll. IV. to overshad- 
 
 ilDnp f. verbal from "jriD, the plaster ow, kindred with bb^ no. ill.) 
 
 of a wall. Ezek. 13: 12^ ^^D Chald. Aph. bbt:^$ to lie in the 
 
 '^^^ m. 1. clay, potters'' clay. Is. 41: shxtde, to rest. Dditi, 4:9. [12.] Comp. 
 
 25. Nah. 3: 14. the Heb. bb2J . 
 
 2. mud, mire. Ps. 18: 43. 69: 15. ^Vj jogh. 13^24. proper name of a 
 I t^ m. Chald. clay. Dan. 2 : 41, 43. city in the tribe of Judah, accordinfj 
 
 (In Syr. and Arab, idem.) to Kimchi and others the same with 
 
 tiyt: f dec. X. ^""^^H 1 Sam. 15: 4. 
 
 1. a fold, or enclosure for cattle, ^^.^? infin. rrN?3t:. I. to be or become 
 such as the Nomades used, also a unclean or impure, especially in a 
 cottage with conveniences for cattle, ceremonial sense, spoken of persons 
 and perhaps a village of moveable and things. Lev. 11: 24 ff. Constru- 
 tents. Gen. 25: 16. Num. 31 : 10. 1 ed with 2, to be rendered unclean by 
 Chr. 6:39. [54.] Ps. 69: 26. ^ny thin-; Lev. 15: 32. 18: 20, 23 
 
 2. 1. q. -no no. 2. a wall. Ezek. pj. j^^^U to render unclean, to pol- 
 ^^'^^' lute, defile'. Lev. 15:31. Ps. 79: 1. 
 
 3. a tower, palace. Cant. 8: 9. comp. 2 K. 23: 8, 10, 13. 
 
 !?t^ m. in pause ^t:, with suff "^^13, 2. io pronounce wwc/ean, spoken of 
 
 dec.VIlL h. a rfet^, which in the e'Ls't ^\ P"^^*' ^^\' \^'' ^' f ' ^} ^' , 
 
 sometimes resembles a gentle rain. _^- ^^ V'''''''^ ^^ ^' ^^""^'^- ^^^^ 
 5 ^ 20: 2b. 
 
 fi^n 97- <?Q ':iQ /' * ..K t U 4. ^0 deRour, defile, (a woman.) 
 
 ^e mL \ ' ^ ^ "* ^'''" Gen- 34: 5, 13, 27.' Ezek. 18: 6, 15. 
 
 ^u Chald. idem. Dan. 4: 12. [15.] Niph. a^jyq^ and Hithpa. fi^TSt^rr/o 
 
 fi^Vo <o pa^cA, fo mend. (Chald. 5^bt2 defe ovj^iue one^s self construed 
 
 TJ . ' , ^ . \ . - : With b (Num. 5: 2. 6: 7. 9: 6.) and 
 
 tdem.) Josh. 9:5 niN^t?;: mb^D 3 (Ezbk. 20: 7.) of the thing Jwe- 
 
 mended shoes. Part. iJ^;i):t2 spoffet/, Sy one is polluted ; also to defile 
 
 party-coloured, Gen. 30:32 ff. Ezek. one''s self by adultery, spoken of a 
 
 16: 16. (So the Germ, flecken sig- woman, Num. 5: 27, 29. 
 nifies both to patch and to spot.) Hotbpa. fi^T^r^n idem. Deut. 24:4. 
 
 r:\vVj see "hp^ and QVo N'^.uD, fern. iiisV^^ verbal adj. from 
 
 tlsi-A * J IV 1 .711 iJ{73(:2. dec. V. e. and dec. X. unclean. 
 
 U7u m. dec. IX. b. a tender lamb. -^ /r, \ ^ i 
 
 impure ; (I.) m a ceremonial sense, 
 
 <- h / 
 
 1 Sam. 7: 9. Is. 65: 25. (Arab. ^L 'P^^^^" ^^^^"' animais, and things, 
 
 the young of any animal, especially ^ev. 5: 2. Deut 14 : 19. (2.) .n a 
 
 "^ ^ .p r ^ ^ moral sense. Job 14: 4. Q'^Ji ni^ttta 
 
 0/ the gazelle ; Syr. ^.^i, a youth.) infamous of character, Ezek."22:"5. ' 
 
 ri/tpbp f. verbal from V^t:, a throw, T]^l2p f. verbal from J^ru, dec. X. 
 
 cast, projectio. Js. 22: 17. See the impurity, uncleannessj pollution. hev 
 verb in Pilp. 
 
 32 
 
arj 
 
 250 
 
 ]3?D 
 
 5:3. 7: 21. also something unclean^ 
 Judg. 13: 7, 14. 
 
 9 iniJl; nit: ''S ^i^.!| ^J2^X^ experi- 
 ence and see that Jehovah is good. 
 n53D i. q. is?5a, found only in Niph. ^ I^eriv. out ofAcourse tD^?a?t2^. 
 Lev. 1 1 : 13' Job 18:3 ^2"^7:t23 zaje D^tO Chald. ic/cm. 
 are unclean^ i. e. reputed vile, in Pa. io cause to eat^ to feed. Dan.4: 
 
 your sight. VuU^. sorduiinus. Others 22. [25.] 5:21. 
 without sufficient ground make IrtTQD ^y^_ ^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^ j^^j^^ dec. VI. c. 
 
 1. taste, as of food. ^Num. 11:8. 
 
 i. q. D!?2l2, tZ3il2i< to be stopped, closed; 
 hence to be dumb. 
 
 yOl^ 1. to hide, conceal, as in the 
 giM3und, to bury. Gen. 35* 4. Ex. 2: 
 12. Josh. 7:21, 22.^ riS I?:):: to 
 lay a snare privily, or to spread a 
 net for any one, Ps. 140: 6. 142: 4. 
 with nili'l. in the same sense, Ps. 9: 
 16. 31: 5.' comp. 64: 6. 
 
 2. to hide generally. Josh. 2 : 6. 
 Job 31 : 33. 3: IG "j^i^JD bc: an un- 
 noticed abortion. 20 : 26 ^"^in-^S 
 TiriDii^ 'JTD'D every trouble is reserv- 
 ed in his treasures. 
 
 2. to put in, to dip in. Pro v. 
 19: 24 the slothful man puts his hand 
 
 Jer. 43: 11. Especially p/easani taste, 
 savGuriness, Job 6: 6. 
 
 2. metaphorically, inidlectual 
 taste, discernment,xrisdoin.ComT^.ljfit. 
 sapere, {to be ansc ;) insipiens, (^un- 
 wise.) 1 Sam. 25:33. Ps. 119:66. 
 Job 1 2: 20. D?t2 n^D ri'^N a wo- 
 man without understanding, Prov. 11: 
 22. &yu ^i^U;^ those who answer 
 wisely, Prov. 26: 16. 
 
 3. after the Chaldaic usage, a 
 royal decree or edict. Jon. 3: 7. 
 
 C^lD m. Chald. will, command. Ezra 
 6: 14. 7: 13. More frequently to^tJ, 
 which see, especially signif. no. 3.* 
 
 into the dish. This word depicts C^t^ m. Chald. 1. taste, particularly 
 
 a pleasant taste. Dan. 5: 2 G^'tta 
 Julian when he had tasted or felt the 
 effects of the wine. 
 
 2. wisdom, understanding. Dan. 2: 
 14. 
 
 3. will, command, royal edict.Ddin. 
 3: 10, 29. aS'U Dnto to publish an 
 edict, Ezra. 4: 19, 21. 5:3,9, 13. 6r 
 1. Also a matter for royal decision. 
 
 the inactivity of the slothful man. 
 Niph. pass. Is. 2: 10. 
 Hiph. i. q. KnI. 2 K. 7: 8. 
 Deriv. p'TSuDTs . 
 
 ^}p, m. dec. VI. a. a basket. Deut. 
 
 *26: 2, 4. (Chald. N^^iJ idem.) 
 V|30 found only in Pi. to pollute, make 
 
 dirty. Cant. 5: 3. (Aram. -2iJ>^ to 
 
 he polluted.) 
 ni^O i. q. TiVin to err, deviate from 
 
 a way. Comp. the Aram. N^'ta 
 
 Hiph. to cause to err, to seduce. 
 Ezek. 13: 10. 
 
 y)?D (also in Arab, and Aram.) 
 
 1. to taste., to try the taste of any 
 thing. Job 12: 11. 
 
 2. to taste, to eat a little of any 
 thing. 1 Sam. 14:24,29,43. 
 
 3. to taste, to enjoy the taste of 
 any thinir. 2 Sara. 19:36. 
 
 Ezra 5: 5. tD^t: bV2 a 
 deputy, literally a master of the rolls, 
 dominus edictorum seu causarum^ an 
 officer under the Persian govern- 
 ment, at Samaria, Ezra 4: 8, 9,17. 
 
 4. reckoning, account, ratio. Dan. 
 6: 3. 
 
 5. regard, respect. V^ t3^!p tDliU 
 to have regard to any one, Dan. 3: 
 12. 
 
 ^;^D to load, especially beasts for a 
 journey. Gen. 45: 17. (Aram, "jyts , 
 ^i^ to be loaded.) 
 
 A r^of^r^k^w. IK, 4 I^. \V\^ to thrust throurrh. Pu. pass. 
 
 4. metaphorically, ^opercezrp, en- ' - -r ^ ^ 
 
 joy, experience 
 
 nii^uiiy, 10 perceive, eu' ' "^ 
 
 . Prov. 31: 18. Ps. 34: Is. 14: 19. (Arab. Ci>*-!^ ^'^^^O 
 
bt^i^i 
 
 251 
 
 HTJ 
 
 rfO m. with suff. "^st:, dec. VIII. h. a ^-^^^ ^y^^ Msely. (In Arab. , \xL 
 
 collective noun, little ones^ children. , , , , , n^ T j 
 
 Gen 34- 29 43- 8 45: 19. 46: 5. ^"^ ^^^"'' """^ ' d'^scourse ; in 1 aiwud. 
 
 ' T? 1* Q c ' u 4-* <, ..=,^ ^0 7oi/i on, io sew on.) 
 
 comp. Ezek. 9: 6, where it is used / ' -' 
 
 in opposition to young men and ^p^p^ m. Jer. 51: 27. Plur. fi^^DCU 
 
 young women; and Ex. 12:37, where j^^h. 3: 17. name of a military* of- 
 
 it is opposed to men capable of bear- 
 ing arms. Often in a wider sense, 
 one^s whole family^ Ex. 10: 10. Num. 
 32: 16, 24, 26. Comp. 2 Chr. 20: 13 
 &il''2n^ C^^l'^jp? !=3a tD-i their fam- 
 ily^ {jfiamely.^) their wives and chil- 
 dren. 2 Chr. 31: 18. Gen. 47: 12 
 f\U "^cb after the number of the fami- 
 ly, Derived from ;:|CC3, unless this 
 verb is rather a denom. from v\^. 
 
 ficer among the Assyrians and 
 Medes. In the Targum of Jona- 
 than Deut. 28: 12, it occurs as the 
 name of a chief angel. The word 
 is perhaps of Assyrian origin. The 
 second syllable is most probably i.q. 
 
 ^\y Pers. ^iMprinceps ; and the first 
 yllable DD may be compared with 
 
 the Pers, O^-* {tab) altiiiido^ poien- 
 tia. 
 
 out. Kindred with HDiT , whence 
 n'^n''C2.) Deriv. out of course 
 
 Pi. riDD 1 . to spread out, io ex- 
 tend. Is. 48: 13. 
 
 2. to bear upon the arms^ as small 
 children, a denom. from ncp, here 
 
 n^O literally to be broad, extended, 
 
 spreading. {Syv.^^ to spread j^j..^^ ^^^^ J_^ ^^^^ J j ^ ^^ ^^^ 
 
 many and shon steps, to trip, to mince, 
 spoken of alfected coquettes. Is. 3: 
 16 n:5bn P)'ist:T ^"ibn they mince 
 as they walk. Luth. sie treten einher 
 mid schwcinzen. Deriv. P]D children, 
 (q. V.) perhaps so called from their 
 manner of walking, 
 m the sense ofpalma. Lam. 2: 22. ^^^^ ^j^^ ^,^^^^ (.j^^,^^ ^ jjeb. 
 
 nStJ m. plur. m'nca, verbal from pss. 
 
 nQC3, dec. VI. * l.nai/ (of a human finger or toe.) 
 
 l' a palm, hand-breadth, a meas- Dan. 4: 30. [33.] 
 
 ure of length. 1 K. 7: 26. 2 Chr. 4: 1. claw (of an animal.) Dan.7:19. 
 
 5. (comp. Jer. 52:21.) Ps. 39: 6 ,M;t^^>^ . r. i ^ * u i 
 
 .,^^\-^r ^^-^^^^ i-w^ / I. ij , .1 OSu <o 6e /af, hence metaphoncal- 
 
 ^:^^ nnriD mfeta ti^Ti behold ! thou ,- t , -^ ' * ^ 
 
 -T '-' ^ ly to be stupid, insensible ; comp. 
 
 , makest my days as an hand-breadth. nocyvg, pinguis. Ps. 119: 70. 
 
 2. in architecture, prob. the cop- ^^m/' 
 
 ing, corbil, projecting sione on which Q^^ Arab, and Syr. to thrust away; 
 
 a timber is laid, mutulus, 1 K. 7: 9. conj. IV. to follow one another con- 
 
 Sept. yeioog, i. e. epistylium. tinually, namely, by pushing one 
 
 nSb m. verbal from nsu , a hand- '""'h" *''-'%^- ^"''Pf^^ J? 
 breadth. Ex. 25: 25. 37:' 12. Ezek. fl""""? water, Prov 19: 13. 27: 15 
 AQ. r 43 '^'7P ^bl a continual dropping jrom 
 
 "^J * " roof. 
 
 S^niitJ masc. plur. verbal from net: h->*> ^. ,, ^ ,, ^ r w . j 
 ,. . ^ -./ nu Chald. <o thrust forth, to drive 
 
 no. 2, me bearing or nwr^iwo- of chil' \ t^ ^ or. or^ or^ r>i r.E or. 
 
 drm. Lam. 2: 20* '^ ', ,^''- "^ ^2, 29, 30. [4: 25,32, 
 
 1^ 33. J 
 
 ,SE3,oine<,con(ne; joined with Q^^-j . ^ aiTO) i. . dIU set 
 ^p, Ps 119: 69. Job 13: 4. Used ^^ j^^^^.g^ ,, g^.^_ 
 elliptically, Job 14:17 -bs VfeCim __,, . . ^ I . , , 
 
 -5-19 tha invented {/aUehood) to'my """' ' ^'^''' ^/^ "=J- ^- '^; *" 
 transgression, i. e. thou churgest me casi /or^^ or away. Hence Hiph. 
 
nvy^ 252 '^j^'^ 
 
 Job 37: 11 i^ rj'^^t:^ ''12 5]^ a^^o properly of wild animals. Deut, 
 
 the clear sky drives away the clouds. 33:20. Ps. 22: 14. Nah. 2; 13. Us- 
 
 Others : with showers he loads the ^^ metaphorically of God, Ps. 50: 
 
 clouds, comp. n'nb ; but not so ac- ^2 ^-^^12 'j'^i^T Pint2!J^. ^S lest 1 tear you 
 
 cordant with the parallel clause. in pieces and there be none to deliver. 
 
 irniiD m. dec. VI. p. burden, trouble. iCv u * t? ro lo t r n 
 
 ri^.,f 1. io lo 1 1/1 rzl nu^n INiph. pass. Ex. 22: 12. Jer. 5: 6. 
 
 iJeut. 1: 12. Is. 1: 14. (in Chald. r> j o g oo ^^ no 
 
 ^^,, . ^ . ) 7/7 7 7 P"- *<^'"- Gen. 37: 33. 44: 28. 
 
 JTntJ io fatiffue one's self by labour, u- . . ^ u r j 
 
 ~ ' . j^. ^ ^ ' Hiph. to cause to eat, io feed, as 
 
 to weary one's self.) ^e^^ p^.^^^^ 3q. g^ 
 
 '^nt: adj. found only in the fem.^M^-^n JT^-J-J adj./mA, recem, spoken of a 
 fresh,^recens. (Arab. O^L and ^^^ ^.^^ g. ^^^ (Arab. (J 'L^o 
 (_5 .L to be fresh.) Spoken of a ^^ ^^^'^O 
 
 wound, Is. 1:6. of a jaw-bone, Judg. ^"^.^.in- verbal from p]^t:, dec. VI. a. 
 15: 15. 1. prey, (of a wild animal.) Job 
 
 Q^lD conj. ?/e noH ; construed with a '^' l^'/'^j' 17* ^^L?^*. r: tit 1 o m 
 > " ;^ ^ ' ^ , 2. /boti. Prov. 31: 15. Mai. 3: 10. 
 
 future Gen. 2:5. Ex. 10: 7. Josh.2: p^, iji.5^ Comp. the verb in Hiph. 
 
 8. with a preterite, I Sam. 3: 7. ^ 1 r t^ 1 , n /a 
 
 ^^^^ ,*.',/. T . _ 3. tt /eft/: Ezek. 17: 9. (Aram. 
 
 D^.ps tfij/ieAt not yet, before, Jer. 1:5 p V ^ 
 
 i<:n 'D1.t:z 6e/ore f/jow earnest out. i^^^t:, l^j..^ iJem, perhaps so call- 
 Ruth 3: 14 Keri. 2 K. 2:9. Also with- ed from its /res/ine^s; comp. ):|nt2.) 
 out 2 in the same sense, Josh. 3: 1. nSnt: f. verbal from ^^'o, something 
 rs. 119: 67. In Zeph. 2: 2, i<p is ^orn in pieces by wild animals. Gen. 
 also added, of course there is a 31:39. Ex.22: 12 30. Lev. 7:24. 
 double negation. ait:73 when not ^.^Ct^-^-A ^, , , t. ' 
 
 , u ^ , ^ ' i^^TsnO Chald. Ezra 4: 9. name of 
 
 yet, Hag. 2: 15. " ^ ~, , . , 
 
 i^^m^ - a people, which were brought into 
 
 qniJ,fut. ?]^t:\once P|^t3"'.(Gen.49: Palestine by the Assyrian kinga. 
 27.) io tear in pieces, to raven, spoken Sept. TaQq:aX(xioo. 
 
 The name Yod ^r^ probably sig- -|s^h ^^ j, y^- i,,oming, suitable, due, 
 nines 1. q. T* a hand, (comp. Dl% .^' ,' V . s 
 
 plur. d^tt^)'and has reference to its q- ^l^l i^'' ^3: L Prov. 17: 7.) 
 
 figure in' the Phenician alphabet ^^''' ^^- ^ ^^T^ "^ ;^> *^ *^ ^''' 
 m, which represents three fingers to thee. Sept. ao^ yag ngtnei. (Syr. 
 stretched out, or a rude drawing of ]l[^ r^- ^^^^^ frequently withl:^ 
 a hand. '^ . . , 
 
 3^^^ to desire earnestly, to long for ^uy . 51 "> ^' ^ ) 
 
 thing, construed with \. Ps. 119: '^'^^'l see "1^^ a river. 
 131. In Syr. u^lf^ a quadriliteral, "^"^^.Ij {he shines) a proper name, Jair, 
 Pa. and Ethpa. idetn. Kindred with t^e son of Manasseh. Num. 32: 41. 
 iniN and Ji^M no. I. In Greek Va^o? Mark 5: 22. 
 
taj^^ 
 
 253 
 
 I. 7i^^, for ^fi^l, to he foolish, i. q. 
 ^nij (whence b^li^-,) by transposi- 
 tion. 
 
 Niph. b^12 to be foolish, to act 
 foolishly. Num. 12: 11. Jer. 5: 4. 
 Hence to appear as fools, to be made 
 ashamed^ Is. 19 : 13. Jer. 50: 36 
 iji'fijiT D"*"?!! bi< i^.ri a sword is 
 upon the lying prophets, and they ap- 
 pear as fools. (Comp. bbi!n Job 
 12: 17. Is. 44: 25.) 
 
 II. 7N*|J, Hiph. b-'Nin. 1. to begin. 
 DeuJ 1 : 5. Josh. 17: 12 b^^l 
 
 f V X T / -.- T -;-;- 
 
 naaiiites began to dwell, i. e. to fix 
 themselves, in that land.JudgA:21, 
 35. Hence to undertake, to venture, 
 Gen. 18: 27,31. 
 
 2. fo m// or please to do a thing. 
 Hos. 5: 11. Judg. 17: 11. Ex. 2: 21. 
 Judg. 19:6]''^'l iNS-bNIlTT be pleas- 
 ed, I pray thee, and tarry all night; 
 comp. 2 Sam. 7: 29. 2 K. 5: 23. 
 
 Note. This verb is construed with 
 b, before an infinitive ; and with a fi- 
 nite verb with (Judg. 19; 6.) or 
 without (Deut. 5: 1. Hos. 5: 11.) a 
 copula. 
 
 ^^j^"; and nV^% once n%V (Am.8:8.) 
 m. dec. I, a river, a word of Egyp- 
 tian origin, namely, Jaro and Jero. 
 Hence used almost exclusively of 
 the Nile, Gen. 41: 1 ff. Ex. 1: 22. 
 2: 3. 7: 15ff. and only rarely of any 
 other stream, Dan. 12: 5, 6, 7. 
 
 Plur. Q'^'lN'^ brooks, streams, canals. 
 Job 28: 10.* Is. 33: 21. Applied es- 
 pecially to the canals and arms of 
 the Nile, Ezek. 29:3 flf. 30: 12. Ps. 
 78:44. Is. 7: 18. 19:6. 37:25. 
 
 ^i^\ Arab. (J^L> to despair or be out 
 of hope concerning any thing. In 
 Kal not used. 
 
 Niph. irfem, construed with ^TS. 1 
 Sam. 27:1. Part, -^ijj^i: one in despair, 
 Job 6: 26. Also used impersonally, 
 it is in vain, there is no hope, desper- 
 atum est, Is. 57: 10. Jer. 2: 25. 18: 
 12. 
 
 Pi. infin. 'iJN'' to cause to despair. 
 Ecc. 2: 20. 
 
 ^Jl^p*^'^ m.{Jehovah heals, from ii^fii'^ 
 fut.of rru3j( = VAwJ to heal, and ^n"";) 
 
 XT ' X ' 
 
 proper name of a king of Judah, 
 in whose reign the book of the 
 law,which had been lost, was found. 
 2 K. 23: 23. 2 Chr. 34:33. In Greek 
 *Joi)Oi(xg. 
 
 "2^^ found only in Pi. ^Z"] to call, to 
 cry aloud. Judg. 5: 28. (In Aram, to 
 cry aloud, to shout.) 
 
 pin*] m. verbal from bi; no.l . (comp. 
 ntj^in proventus, from i^ia,) dec. I. 
 produce of the earth. Lev. 26: 4, 20. 
 Deut. 11:17. Ps. 67: 7. 85: 13. Job 
 20:28 Tin'^z b^lS"] by] the produce, 
 i. e. the substance, of his house shall 
 disappear, 
 
 ^ID*] the ancient name of Jerusalem. 
 Juilg. 19:10, 11. 1 Chr. 11:4, 5. 
 The gentile noun is '^Dli''. Gen. 10: 
 16. 15: 21. Josh. 15: 63. *2 Sam. 5: 
 6. But this form appears also to 
 denote the city. Josh. 18: 28. Zech. 
 9: 7. 
 
 ti^n-^ see trin\ 
 ... 
 
 7^*^ l.togo. See Hiph. Deriv. b^2 
 no. I. b^i^ and perhaps bin* 
 
 2. to flow, run ; (comp. ^^ITT no. 
 5.) Arab. ^W^ vehementer pluit. De- 
 
 riv. b^2 DO. II. bi"*, b^a^"^, bin&, 
 b^3^. 
 
 Hiph. b'^lqirj (Syr. ^^o\ ) i. q. 
 
 i^'^nrr, used only in poetry. 
 
 1*. ' to bring., lead, as persons. Ps. 
 60:11. 108:11. 
 
 2. to brings present, as gifts, offer- 
 ings. Ps. 68:30. 76:12. Zeph. 3: 
 10. 
 
 Hoph. b5^n 1. to be brought, led, 
 spoken of persons. Ps. 46: 15, 16. 
 
 2. to be brought, spoken of things. 
 Is. 18:7. Hos. 10: 6. 12:2. Also 
 to be carried (to the grave,) Job 10:' 
 19. 21: 3032. 
 
3n^ 
 
 254 
 
 tisn*^ 
 
 ^y^^ Chald. found only in Aph. bli'^ri 
 
 to bring. Ezra 5: 14. 6: 5. 
 ^'2^ m. verbal from bi"^ no. 2. dec. 
 
 TT T 
 
 IV. a. 
 
 1. a stream. D'^^-^bl") streams 
 ofwater^ l3. 30: 25. 44: 4. 
 
 2. Jabal, proper name of a son of 
 Lamecb, the first who led a Noma- 
 dic life. Gen. 4:^0. 
 
 O^Pp"] (from n\:i'] and D^, the people 
 wastes a-way^) a city in the tribe of 
 Manasseh. Josh. 17:11. Judg 1: 27. 
 2 K. 9: 27. 
 
 PS|^, found only in the fern. n';?2^ hav- 
 ing excrescences^ blains^ or warts ; 
 spoken of cattle. Lev. 22: 22. Vulg. 
 papulas habens, (So in Chald. and 
 Rabbin. The Mishnah (Erubhin 10. 
 11.) treats of the cutting off of 
 
 such warts. la Arab. MjU de- 
 
 Jiuxus pilorum^ but the former ex- 
 planation is preferable.) 
 
 OD*^ m. dec. IV. a. a brother-in-law, 
 or husband'' s brother^ Lat. levir^ who 
 by the Mosaic law was bound to 
 marry the widow of his brother de- 
 ceased without issue. Deut. 25: 5 
 9. Hence 
 
 CS^^ Pi. denom. from iDi"^, to perform 
 the duty of a husband'' s brother or of a 
 levir. Deut. 25: 59. Gen. 38: 8. 
 
 flpD'; fem. of Dl-;, with suff. ^r]:Qn^ 
 ip^l"^, dec. Xlll.b. a sister-in-law or 
 brother's wife. Deut. 25: 7, 9. Also 
 a brother-in law''s wife^ Ruth 1:15. 
 
 bifpy}, {God builds.) 
 
 ' 1. proper name of a city in the 
 tribe of Judah. Josh. 15: 11. 
 
 2. also of a city in the tribe of 
 Naphtali. Josh. 19:33. 
 
 Tl)P'^_ a place in Philistia, on the Med- 
 iterranean sea, in later times the 
 seat of a celebrated Jewish school. 
 2 Chr. 26 : 6. In Greek '/a^ivla, 
 
 1 Mac. 4:15. and '/w^vem b : 68. 
 
 2 Mac. 12:8. 
 
 pS^ proper name of a stream or small 
 river(bliD) which flows into the Jor- 
 dan below the sea ofGalilee ; Arab. 
 Yarmuc^ also Jiryat Musa., Lat. Hie- 
 romiax. According to others, the Jir- 
 yatManadra. Seetzen in Zach's mon- 
 atl. Correspondenz, XVlll. p. 381. 
 Gen. 32: 23. Deut. 2:37. Josh. 12: 
 2. Judg. 11:13. 
 
 I. il3!5^ ^"*- "'^5''?i pl"^' ^^^li ii^^"^- 
 ".rin^ , const, iiil';, n^n"",, to be or 
 become dry; Josh. 9:5, 12. spoken 
 of rivers or of the sea, Job 14: 11. 
 of the earth, Gen. 8: 14. of plants, 
 to wither or dry up., Is. 15: 6. 19: 7. 
 40: 7, 9. Ps. 22: 16 ^nb t:"^n3 ti 
 
 > .V V - "T 
 
 my strength is dried up as a potsherd. 
 Applied particularly to a paralysis 
 or withering of the hand, 1 K. 13: 
 4. Zecb. 11: 17. comp. in the New 
 Testament, Mark 3: 1. etc. 
 
 Pi. ^2.1 to make dry., to dry up. 
 Job 15: 30. Prov. 17: 22. In Nah. 
 1: 4, we find nn'^ia^i for sinuia^*;]. 
 
 Hiph. U;"'iin to dry up., to make 
 dry. Josh. 2: 10. 4: 23. 
 I. ilJI^IJ, Hiph. uj''nin i. q. O-l^l from 
 
 1. to make ashamed, to shame. 2 
 Sam. 19: 5. 
 
 2. intrans. like '>yia in Kal, to be 
 brought to shame, to be disappointed 
 in one''s hope.,3oe\ 1:11. Jer. 10:14. 
 Zech. 9: 5. to be disgraced., Jer.2:26. 
 6:15.8:12. 
 
 3. to become a disgrace, to perish ; 
 spoken of the harvest, Joel 1: 10, 
 12, 17. of cities, Jer. 48: 1, 20. 50:2. 
 
 Joel 1: 12 an.\ ^:zi p puju) :;''iin 
 
 the joy of the children of men has per- 
 ished. 
 
 4. to conduct shamefully. Hos. 2:7. 
 [2:5.] 
 
 ID 3^, fem. ""iJl:;^") , verbal adj. from 
 i;:!'^ no. 1. dec. V. f and X. 
 
 r. drtj. Job 13: 25. Ezek. 17: 24. 
 20: 47. 
 
 2. proper name of a city in Gil- 
 ead, also called u;'^i^ 1 Sam. 11: 
 
'^:s^ 
 
 255 
 
 n:^^ 
 
 nt253^ f. verbal from "2;n; no. I. the 
 dry, the dry land. Gen. 1: 9. Ex, 4: 
 9. Jon. 1:9, 13. 2 : 11. tT:3a*3 on 
 dry ground J "with dryfeet^ Ex. 14:16, 
 22, 29. Josh. 4: 22. 
 
 ndS^ f. i^^e'^i. Ex. 4: 9. Ps. 95: 5. 
 
 np2|| f. Chald. emph. Nn^a;;, idem. 
 ban. 2: 10. 
 
 '^y^ to plough, Ii7/. Part, ^'^'li,^^ plough- 
 men, husbandmen, 2 K. 25 : 12 Keri. 
 Jer. 52: 16. This root is kindred 
 with l^a, see the art. a**!:;. 
 
 !2^^ m. verbal from i^^, dec. V. a. a 
 field. Jer. 39: 10. 
 
 In 5^*^, with ii paragogic STtlTJai^ {he is 
 lijted up, Hoph. of rrls.n,) a place in 
 the tribe of Gad. Num. 32: 35. Judg. 
 8: 11. 
 
 I. n^*^ to he afflicted, grieved. In Kal 
 not used. 
 
 Pi. Jia*; to afflict, grieve. Fut. 
 In5*1 fo/n.n2^:i Lam. 3: 33. 
 
 Hiph. Tl^^T^ to afflict, grieve, vex. 
 Job 19: 2. Lam. 1: 5, 12. 3: 32. Is. 
 51: 23. 
 
 Niph. nj^2(for {1513.) Part, rr^i: 
 (for ^^^i) afflicted, grieved, Zeph. 3: 
 18 15';'i73^ "^^.^2 the disconsolate for, 
 i. e. for want of, the solemn assembly. 
 Lam. 1: 4 m'55i3 nTlb^ina her vir- 
 gins are afflicted. 
 
 Deriv. pr, Jijtin. 
 
 II. n^*^ to he separated. 
 
 Hiph. JiAin to separate, to remove. 
 2 Sam. 20:'l3. (Arab. ^5=^ conj. 
 IV. to remove ; comp. in Heb. ^^H 
 .) 
 
 'jl^'^ ra. verbal from Tl^^ no. I. dec. 
 III. a. affliction, sorrow. Gen. 42: 
 38. 44:31. Ps. 13:3. 
 
 ?'^i^ m. verbal from 5?^^, dec. III. a. 
 
 1. adj. wearied. Job 3: 17. 
 
 2. subst. labour, particularly fa- 
 tiguing labour, strenuous exertion. 
 Gen. 31: 42 'ss ^-^a"; the labour of 
 
 my hands. Job 10:3 "^^''23 ^^^^ the la- 
 bour of thine hands, i. e. thy work. 
 
 3. what is produced or earned by 
 labour, possession, substance, wealth. 
 Is. 45: 14. 55: 2. Jer. 3: 24. 20: 5. 
 Ezek.23: 29. Ps. 109: 11. Neh. 6: 
 13. So tZi^t'D ^"'^^1 in the same 
 sense Hag. 1:11. 'iThat this word 
 denotes especially the labour and 
 produce of the field is evident from 
 Ps. 78:46. 128: 2. 
 
 n^^^^'l, fem. of ^"^ii^, dec. X. fatiguing 
 
 labour, weariness, Ecc. 12: 12. 
 2^lJ^, fut. iJi"!**, 1. to labour, to exert 
 one'>s self. Job 9: 29. Prov. 23: 4. Is. 
 49: 4. 65: 23. The thing about 
 which a man labours, is preceded 
 by 2,* Josh. 24: 13. Is. 62 : 8. 47: 
 12. or put in the accus. verse 15. 
 
 2. to be wearied. 2 Sam. 23:10. 
 Is. 40:31. Ps.6:7 THrfi^a ''ns?^^ / atn 
 wearied with my groaning. 69:4. Jer. 
 45: 3. In a somewhat different 
 sense Is. 43: 22 V^^t;'' "^n ns?:;'' ''S 
 for thou hast been weary ofme, O Is- 
 rael. 
 
 Pi. to fatigue, make weary. Josh. 
 7:3. Ecc. 10: 15. 
 
 Pliph. ?''5'i!i. 1. to load, burden. 
 Is. 43:23 ri sin!: n 'T;"'n^'5"in tib I have 
 not burdened thee with incense, i. e. in 
 requiring incense. 
 
 2. to weary, be troublesome. Is. 43:, 
 24. Mai. 2: 17. . 
 
 Deriv. out of course 5'^\ 
 
 yy^^ m. verbal from ^^^, what is- 
 produced or earned by labour. Job 20:. 
 18. 
 
 ^y verbal adj. from i'5*, dec. V. a. 
 wearisome, tiresome, Lcc, 1 : 8 pla 
 &"'yil'^ tl]''"iai!n| all words would be 
 tiresome. Also weary, fatigued, 
 Deut. 25: 18. 2 Sam. 17: 2. 
 
 ^ly] m. Chald. a hill, a heap of stones. 
 Gen. 31: 47. (Syr. j.^^ idem.) 
 
 ^y^, 2pers. n'ni;, i.q. n^^ no. IL ta 
 fear, to be afraid of, construed with 
 'an accus. Jo'o 3: 25. 9: 28. Ps. 119: 
 39. or with "^3372, Deut.9:19. 28:60. 
 
T 
 
 256 
 
 1^*^ verbal adj. or part, from ^i;^ , 
 fearing^ used with the pronouns to 
 form a periphrasis for the finite 
 verb. Jer. 22:1^5. 39: 17. 
 
 i*' com. gen. (more frequently fern.) 
 const, i;^, with suff. i^;, tD^.V., 
 prim. dec. II. a. 
 
 1. the hand. The following phra- 
 ses are worthy of notice; (1.) 
 
 ^Dps DN, Cd^' '''^'^ Wi^/ ^ct'^^ (*'^) "^^^^ 
 any one, i.e. 1 assist him. 1 Sam. 22: 
 17. 2 Sam. 3: 12. 2K. 15: 19. (2.) 
 S Inrr^n ''T^ m?/ hand is against any 
 one, (Gen 16:12.) I bring evil up- 
 on h'\m. Gen. 31: 21. 1 Sam. 18:17, 
 21. 24: 13, 14. 2 Sam. 24: 17. Josh. 
 2: 19. 2 nnrf 1"* the hand of Jeho- 
 vah is against or brings destruction 
 on any thing, Ex. 9: 3. Deut. 2: 15. 
 Judg.2: 15. Job23:2rinn3 -^n; the 
 hand {of Gad) upon me is heavy. Al- 
 so construed with ^i>j;. in the same 
 sense, Ezek. 13: 9. This phrase is 
 sometimes, though very rarely, ta- 
 ken in a good sense, to be for any 
 one, to be favourable to him, 2 Chr. 
 30: 12. Ezra 9: 2. Hence in Judg. 
 2: 15, the meaning is made more 
 definite by adding !n^"i^. (3.) Irfn";!! 
 -V5> 'n''yrV 12 ^^^ hand of Jehovah 
 came upon an}^ one, i. e. the deity 
 began to inspire him, (as a proph- 
 et.) Ezek. 1:3. 3: 14, 22. 37: 1. 2 
 K. 3: 15. Construed with ^N in the 
 same sense, 1 K. 18: 46. Ezek. 8: 1 
 "^a^N T^ tD"i3 ""by bsm and there 
 the hand of the Lord fell upon me, 
 (r^^l is used in the same sense E- 
 zek. 11: 5.) Jer. 15: 17 '^1^^ \:e?3 be- 
 
 cause of thy hand rvhich has inspired 
 me. (4.) 'sVs b? JlitT^ 1": the hand 
 of Jehovah rests (graciously) upon 
 an?/ one. Ezra 7:6,28. 8:18,31. The 
 more full expression is D''lrrN 12 
 !nn't:!ri the good handof God.,t.zrA 
 7: 9. Neh. 2: 8. comp. Ezra 8: 22. 
 Is. 1: 25. It is used in a bad sense 
 pnly Am. 1: 8. (5.) I^^rilto give 
 the hand to any one, i.e. to promise 
 
 or make sure by striking hands. 
 Ezra 10 : 19. 2 K. 10 : 15. Used 
 particularly of the party which in 
 making a covenant submits or de- 
 votes itself to the other, Ezek. 17: 
 18. Lam. 5:6. Jer. 50: 15 nn'^ Jl2n5 
 
 TT T 'IT 
 
 she {Babel) hath submitted. 2 Chr. 
 30: 8. So nnn l- "jriD to submit one's 
 self, 1 Chr. 29 ^. 24.' (6.) Il'n Nb 
 Job 34: 20. and 1'^ CSN2 Dan. 8: 
 25. without the hand [of man.,) i. e. 
 without human aid ; comp. Dan. 2: 
 34; 45. Lam. 4: 6. (7.) n^^ 11 
 from hand to hand., i. e. from gen- 
 eration to generation ; and joined 
 with a negative participle, never. 
 Prov. 11:21. 16: 5. 
 
 In the following combinations 
 with a preposition, the force ol V 
 is often lost, and the signification of 
 the preposition only remams. (1.) 
 1^2 (a.) in the hand of also sim- 
 ply, mU, by. 1 Sam. 14:34 "inViD u;\^ 
 iT^i each one his ox with him. 16: 2. 
 1 K.' 10: 29. Jer. 38 : 10 'r^'Yri ^i^ 
 ^Zl'^1lj:^{ D*'i23bp ^TTD take hence thir- j 
 ty men with thee. Deut.33:3. Comp. 
 in Chald. Ezra 7: 25. (b.) through 
 the hand oj., also simply through. 
 Num. 15: 23 all which Jehovah has 
 commanded 'n'^12 V2 through Mo- 
 ses. 2 Chr. 29: 25. Is. 20: 2. 1 K. 
 12: 15. Jer. 37: 2. (c.) into the hand, 
 under the power or charge of any 
 one ; after verbs of delivering up. 
 Gen. 9: 2. 14: 20. Ex. 4: 21. Hence 
 ^1l "jN':! the flock undtr his charge, 
 Ps'95:7. Comp. also 2 Sam. 18 : 2. 
 Num.31: 49. (d.) before, in con- 
 spectu, i. q. "^^.Gbi tv x^^oi. 1 Sam. 
 21: 14 he feigned himself mad t]V3, 
 before them. Job 15: 23 "jis: ^5 fl^ 
 ^i3n"DT"' IT'S /ic knows that a day 
 of darkness is prepared for, i. e. 
 threatens, him, (e.) because of. Job 
 8:4. Is.64:6. (2.) 1^72, ^yj2 from or 
 out of the hand ov hands of, also sim- 
 ply /rom, out of', after verbs of re- 
 quiring, freeing, receiving. Gen. 9: 
 5. 32: 12. 33: 19. Num. 5: 25. 24: , 
 
257 
 
 *\T 
 
 24. 35: 25. Job 5: 20. 1 Sam. 17:37. 
 (3.) 1^ ^5, "'n'; b^ (a.) into the hand 
 or hands of any one, after verbs of 
 delivering up, committing^. 1 K.14: 
 27. 2 K. 10:24. 12:12. 22:5,9. 
 Ezra 1:8. Hence under the over- 
 sight or direction^ 1 Chr. 25: 2, 3, 
 6 D^'^iN ^'1'] ^y U7ider the direction 
 ef their father, (b.) through. Jer. 18: 
 21. Ps. 63: 11. 
 
 Dual D'^^'i'^ hands (of the human 
 body.) 
 
 Plur. m*T' artificial hands., some- 
 thing resembling hands; as(l.)rx tenon 
 (in timber.) Ex. 26: 17, 19. 36: 22, 
 24. (2.) the axle-tree (of a wheel.) 
 IK. 7:32,33. / 
 
 2. prob. the arm., (as ^Aj also in 
 Arab.) See d''.'i; ^''22^ the shoul- 
 der, literally the juncture of the arms. 
 
 3. metaphorically, mighty po-wer^ 
 aid, succour. Ex. 14: 30. Deut.32: 
 36 Ti T)\\^ ''3 that succour disap- 
 pears, T'a with might or power., Is. 
 28:2. Ezek. 13:7. Ps. 76: 6 and 
 none of the men of might found their 
 hands., i.e. their strength was gone. 
 
 4. manner. *^JI^11, V3 after the 
 manner of a king., as it becomes a 
 king, Est. 1:7. 2: 18. 1 K. 10: 13. 
 T"]"! ''1^ V^ ex more a Davide in- 
 stituto., Ezra 3: 10. 2 Chr. 29:27. 
 
 5. side ; hence Vb at the side, 
 near, 1 Sara. 19: 3. Also 'i^ ni'2 1 
 Sam. 4:18. T^ b^ 2 Sam. 18:4. 
 ^T HS '^1 ^l Jot) 1:14. Neh.3:2ff. 
 in the same sense. Dual d"]'!'^ sides; 
 often in the phrase S'^T^ ann z<side 
 o?i a/^ 5i6?es or hands, spacious, Gen. 
 34:21. Ps. 104:25. Is. 33: 21. Plur. 
 rril"^ icf^gcs or borders, 1 K. 7: 35, 
 36. the side railings (of a throne,) 
 1 K. 10: 19. 
 
 6. place. Deut. 2S:13, Num.2:17 
 ^'-j^-V^ U.^'^i{ each one in his place. 
 Dual idem. Josh. 8: 20. 
 
 7. part. Dan. 12: 7. Plur. nil'' 
 1 K. 11: 7 d32 n-in^n "^n-i;:) one/ ^/<e 
 
 two {third) parts among you. Gen. 
 47: 24 nin^n ^S-lK the four (fifth) 
 33 
 
 j^arfs. Neb. 11:1. The same sense 
 is also expressed in other places by 
 ns. niT^ parts for times, Latin 
 Dices, Dan. I. 20. Gen. 43:33. 2 Sam- 
 19:44. 
 
 8. a monument, trophy, i.q. dlij. 
 1 Sam. 15: 12. 2 Sam. 18:18. 
 
 1^. Chald. emph. t^y^, with sufT. ^"i , 
 
 DrtV, dual l-jn^ i. q. Heb. V. 
 i^*!"] Chald. found only in Aph. part. 
 
 fi^hiilT: Dan. 2: 23. and S^yiJ2 6: 11. 
 
 praising, giving thanks, 
 ^i^^ i. q. hT' <o cast or throzv, as lots. 
 
 Pret. pluV. ^'t;'', Joel 4 : 3. [3: 3.] 
 
 Nab. 3: 10. Obad. 11. 
 
 I. n*!^ to throw, cast, i.q. 1i\ Imper. 
 til"; Jer. 50: 14. 
 
 Pi. fut. n"!*} for 5l'^2!!! Lam. 3:53. 
 Infin. rri'i: Zech. 2:4 [1: 21] /o 
 cast down the horns of the Gentiles, 
 
 II. Ti^i"^ found only in Hiph. JTTllrt 
 
 1. to own, acknowledge, confess. 
 (Arab. cJOj conj. X. Syr. Aph. 
 idem,) Prov. 28: 13. Construed with 
 b?, Ps. 32: 5 I will make confession 
 concerning my sins, 
 
 2. to praise. Gen. 49: 8. Especi- 
 ally to praise Jehovah, construed 
 with an accus. or with b > also with 
 Ut or ct'b, , 1 K. 8: 33.'* Ps. 54: 8. 
 106:46. 122:4. 
 
 Hithpa. ^linfT. 1. to confess, to 
 make confession. Lev. 5 : 5. Con- 
 strued most frequently with an ac- 
 cus. Lev. 16: 21. 26: 40. sometimes 
 withb^Neh. 1:6. 9:2. 
 
 2. to praise, construed with b. 2 
 Chr. 30: 22. 
 
 Deriv. finin, n'.Til, also the 
 proper name trmn";. 
 I'^n^'l'] and f^n'^'^'^. proper name of a 
 Levite, one of David^s choristers. 1 
 Chr. 9: 16. 16:38, 41, 42. 25:1. 
 Also his descendants, the Jeduthufi' 
 ites, likewise musicians, 2 Chr. 35: 
 15. Neh. 11: 17. In the latter sig- 
 nification it occurs also in the su* 
 pcrscriptions of Psalms xxxix. lxiu 
 
^^-^ 
 
 258 
 
 :pi^ 
 
 Lxxvii. But Aben Ezra supposes it 
 here to be the beginning of a song; 
 and Jarchi, the name of a niusical 
 instrument. 
 
 1^*1"' m. dec. III. a. (Syr. 1^*^^ one belov- 
 ed ; Arab. O5 to love. Kindred with 
 
 1. subst. one beloved, a frie.id. Is. 
 5: 1. nin"; ^^l"; the friend ov fa- 
 vourite of Jehovah', Ps. 127: 2. Deut. 
 33: 12. Spoken of the Israelites, 
 Ps. 60:7. 108: 7. 
 
 2. adj. lovely, pleasant. Ps. 84: 2. 
 
 3. subst. Piur. niT^'l^ loveliness, 
 
 Ps. 45: 1 nni^n"^ ^^ip alovehjsong] 
 a commendatory title, probably of 
 later date. Others : a song of love. 
 
 riMl^l*' f. denom. from "PT^, love, al- 
 so the object of love. Jer. 12: 7. 
 
 H'^l'^ P ra. (favourite of Jehovah) a 
 name given to Solomon at his birth 
 by the prophet Nathan. 2 Sam. 12: 
 25. 
 
 ^1% fut. 5r'^^ (once S-'tl?.>) intin. ab- 
 sol. ir'i;^, const, n?'^. 
 
 1.. to knozi), to understand, to know 
 how, Lat, scire. Usually construed 
 with an accus. or with an intin. 
 with (Ecc. 4: 13. 10: 15.) and With- 
 out (Jer. 1: 6. 1 Sam. 16: 18.) the 
 preposition b ; sometimes with a fi- 
 nite verb, Job 32:22 n^l^i* '^r,::;^ ^"p 
 I kmv not how to flatter. Td:^. 1 Sam. 
 16:16. Neh.lO:29,i>^1 niu) VT^ ikb 
 not to discern between good and evil, 
 as descriptive of childhood, Deut.l: 
 39. (comp. Is. 7: 15. Gen. 2: 17.) or 
 of childish old age, 2 Sam. 19: 36. 
 ^IP ^^ ^'^^^ knoweth ? construed 
 with a future, a mode of express- 
 ing a weak or doubtful hope, 2 Sam. 
 12:22. Joel 2: 14. Jon. 3: 9. Also 
 io' know about any thing, construed 
 with 2, i Sam. 22: 15. with bi^ Job 
 ,37:16. Sometimes it is construed 
 with a pleonastic pronoun or dative 
 of personal advantage. Cant. 1: 8 
 tjb ''^"tn thou knowest. Part. D'5'^i"' 
 
 i. q. C^^iDH the wise, skilful, Job 34: 
 2. Ecc. 9:11. 
 
 2. to know, to be acquainted with, 
 Lat. noscere. Gen. 29: 5. U^D^ S^n^ 
 to know by name, i.e. intimately, mi- 
 nutely, Ex.33: 12, 17. (comp. i<^p 
 DU3l3.) Also inchoatively <o /earn to 
 know, to become acquainted with, 
 Num. 14:31. Deut. 9: 24.--Part. 
 D''5;'1T acquaintances, friends, Job 19: 
 13. Part. pass. ^^11 known, respect- 
 ed, esteemed, Deut. 1: 13, 15. Is. 53: 
 3 ''!:"n ^^T]" distinguished through 
 grief. 
 
 3. to perceive, observe, discern, 
 Gon.l9:33,35. Judg. 13:21. Also 
 with the addition n^b 123>, Deut. 8: 
 5. Construed with 2, Gen. 15: 8. 
 24: 14. Ex. 7:17. Job 35: 15. 
 
 4. to learn, to be informed, to learn 
 by experience. Gen. 9: 24. Lev. 5: 3. 
 Neh. 13: 10. Especially in promises 
 and threatenings, Ex. 6: 7 ye shall 
 know that I am Jehovah your God. 
 Ezek. 6:7, 13. 7:4,9. 11:10. Job 
 21: 19 yi;;"] vKn D>;e"! ^^ (God) 
 should recompense him, so that he may 
 know ovfeelit. Hos.9:7 biSt^t:"', ^^"77. 
 Israel shall experience it. Is. 9: 8. Ps. 
 14: 4. Ecc. 8: 7. See Niph. no. 3. 
 
 5. to imagine, expect. Ps. 35: 8 
 let destruction come upon him, 2!"3|; Jib 
 before he expects it, i. e. unawares, 
 suddenly. .lob 9: 5 he removes the 
 mountaiyis^V"^'^ i^b suddenly. F vox. 0:6 . 
 
 6. to concern one'^s self about, to 
 take care of -any thing. Gen. 39: 6. 
 Prov. 27: 23 ^DwNX ^DD ^^n ^11 take 
 diligent care of thy jlock. Hence 
 spoken of God, to take an interest in 
 any one, to love him, Ps. 144:8. 
 Amos 3: 2. Nah. 1:7. spoken of men, 
 to know (God.) to esteem or reverence 
 him, Hos. 8:2. Ps. 36: 11. 9: 11 
 Tr^j'ij "'i-'lT those who reverence thy 
 name. Job 13:21 ):i<{ s^n; N'-^Dip^ ^l 
 this is the place of him who knows 
 not God. 
 
 7. as an euphemistic expression, 
 (comp. signif. no. 4.) to lie with one 
 of the other sex; spoken of the 
 man. Gen. 4:17, 25. 1 Sam. 1: 19. 
 
1P^^ 
 
 259 
 
 n^ 
 
 of the woman, Gen. 19: 8. Judg".!!: 
 39. expressed more fully, Num.31: 
 17. Used also of unnatural lust. 
 Gen. 19: 5. (Many verbs of knowing 
 in different languages suffer this 
 change of- signification ; as in Syr. 
 
 7 , * 
 
 >Qli>j to know ; in Arab. <^^ 
 
 idem ; in Greek y^i/cuaxoo, in Lat. 
 cognosco. See Pfochenius de Pu 
 rit. Styli N. T. p. 10.) 
 
 Niph. ^y\2 1. to be known. Ex. 2: 
 14.21:36. Lev. 4:14. Construed 
 veilh J: of the person, 1 Sam. 6: 3. 
 Ruth '3: 3. Est. 2: 22. Gen. 41:21 
 ri32np K^ ^J<3'^3 ym'3 JsV") andit 
 was not knozi}n that therj {the fat kine) 
 had passed into their belly. 
 
 2. to be known., pass, of Kal no.2. 
 Ps.9:17. 76:2. Prov. 31: 23. 
 
 3. i. q. Kal no. 4. (strictly pass, 
 of Hiph. no. 3.) Prov. 10: 9 ::pj:72 
 y'ln'i^ T^S'lT he who perverteth his 
 zvays shall be tnade to feel, i. e. shall 
 be punished. Jer. 31 : 19 "'^PN 
 ^y^^ri after I was made to feel. C. V. 
 after I was instructed. 
 
 Pi. to make to know. Once Job 
 38: 12. 
 
 Pu. part. ^"1^2 an acquaintance. 
 Ps. 31: 12. 55:Y4! 88: 9, 19. 
 
 Po. S'li'^ to appoint^ direct, (to a 
 place,) elsewhere T^i^'ln. I Sam. 
 21: 3. 
 
 Hiph. ^>"}^r{, imper. S^niin. 
 
 1. to cause to know, to inform, 
 shew any one ; construed (1.) with 
 two acccusatives. Gen. 41: 39. Ex. 
 33: 12,13. Ezek. 20:11. 22:2. 1 
 Sam. 14:12 'nil Dp.nJ< ?"'li2 we will 
 show you something. (2.) with an 
 accus. of the thing and dative of the 
 person, Ex. 18: 20. Deut. 4: 9. Ps. 
 145: 12. Neh. 9: 14. (3.) with only 
 an accus. of the person. Josh. 4: 22. 
 IK. 1:27. (4.) with an accus. of 
 the thing, Ps. 77:15. 98:2. Job 
 26:3. 
 
 2. to instruct any one; constru- 
 ed with an accus. of the person. 
 Job 38; 3. 40: 7. 42: 4. with a da- 
 tive, Prov. 9: 9. 
 
 3. to cause to feel, to punish, caus- 
 al, of Kal no. 4. Judg. 8: 16 {he 
 took) thorns of the wilderness and 
 threshing wagons, "U^^iJ? DriS ^"]^1 
 ni2p and punished with thetn the 
 men ofSuccoth. This explanation, 
 however, is not perfectly satisfacto- 
 ry. Perhaps the author wrote 
 5>n'''5 confrivit, which is the sense 
 given by the ancient versions. 
 
 Hoph. :>"iin to be known. Lev. 4: 
 23, 28. 
 
 Hithpa. iJ'linil to make one^s self 
 known. Gen. 45:1. to reveal one''s 
 se//, Num.1 2:6. Construed with ^N. 
 
 Deriv. out of course ^"7, ny'5, 
 
 ^T Chald. fut. ir-ia-; . 
 
 1. to know. 
 
 2. to be informed. Dan. 6: 11. 
 
 3. to understand. Dan. 4: 14, 22. 
 [4:17, 25.] Part. pass. NlJib: ^"1.': 
 NSb^"? be it known unto the king, 
 Ezra 4: 12, 13. 
 
 Aph. ^yiH, fut. Sniri'), to shew, 
 maki^ known. Construed with a da- 
 tive of the person, Dan. 2: 15, 17, 
 
 28. with suffix pronouns, Dan. 2:23, 
 
 29. 4: 15. [4: 18.] 5:15,16,17. 7: 
 16. 
 
 Deriv. 5>l3tt. 
 
 *'33?'l'] m. plur. d^Sb^T^, verbal from 
 
 1. a wise man, a soothsayer. Lev. 
 19: 31. 20: 6. Deut. 18: 11. 1 Sam. 
 
 28 : 3, 9. (Comp. the Arab. *iu: 
 
 knowing, hence a wise man, Magi' 
 an ; and also ^nn no. 2.) 
 
 2. a spirit of divination. Lev. 20: 
 27. Comp. iiN. 
 
 n*^ an abbreviation of nilTJ'^ or rather 
 
 T -r : 
 
 (as it was anciently pronounced) 
 i^l^?i^ I^ w^s first abridged by a- 
 pocope into ^In'^, (like ^iHnuJ^I for 
 JiitinUJI,) and this again into n;; . 
 These two contracted forms, (the 
 latter without Mappik,) are used 
 indiscriminately in many proper 
 
nn-' 
 
 260 
 
 m*^ 
 
 names ; as Tn^^N and Ji^^N, ^^^^"i^ 
 and Sl^^an"; . The name n^ is fre- 
 quently used, for the sake of con- 
 ciseness, in the burden or repeated 
 verses of the psalms ; as iT'-!irb?l 
 praise Jehovah^ Ps. 104: 36. 105:45. 
 106: 1, 48. Ill: 1. 112: 1. 113: 1. 
 Sometimes in other places, as Ps. 
 89: 9. 94: 7, 12. Is. 38: 11. Ex. 15: 
 2 n'^ ri'l^t'} ^1^ Jehovah is my glory 
 and my song. Ps. 118: 14. Is. 12: 2. 
 Ps. G8: 5 i*D ^7^2 Jehovah is his 
 name, a bein? here the Beth essen- 
 tiae ; (comp. Is. 47: 4. 48: % 54: 
 5.) Is. 26: 4 JlirT' Ti^Z Jehovah is 
 Jehovah, i.e. an unchangeable, eter- 
 nal God. 
 
 3n* to give, put, place, i. q. "jriD . In 
 the preterite found only Ps. 65: 23 
 ^nri'^, n^n^ bS? ^b^il cast upon Je- 
 hovah what he allots you, i. e. com- 
 mit to Jehovah your destiny ; (I'^pN 
 is to be supplied before 'r;nr|'^ .) 
 Others make iir; a substantive, 
 signifying feurcien.^' Elsewhere only 
 in the imper. irt (Pro v. 30:15.) 
 r^^Tl, fern, --n?! (Ruth 3: 15.) plur. 
 ^'D.Tl . (1.) give, give here. Gen. 29: 
 2l/Job 6 : 22. 2 Sam. 16 : 20 :inrT 
 niirs^ D^i^ give counsel, (c^b is pleo- 
 natic.) (2.) place, appoint. 2 Sum. 
 11: 15. Deut. 1: 13 D"'0:M D^Db ^nn 
 appoint for yourselves men. Josh. 18: 
 4. (3.) come on. Gen. 11: 3, 4, 7. 
 38: 16. Ex. 1: 9. ^nrs, if the read- 
 ing is correct, probably for ^nil^, 
 Hos. 4: 18 :)i^, ''^v?.^ amanf dant, 
 for amant dare. 
 
 ^t]) Chald. 1. <o o-ii;e, Dan. 2: 37, 
 38, 48. to give up, Dan. 3: 28. 
 
 2. to lay, place, as a foundation. 
 Ezra 5: 16. Only the preterite Sn^, 
 the imper. in, and the participles 
 Sr:"' and a'^lri'^ occur; the future 
 and infinitive are supplied from the 
 verb 'jnD, which again is defective 
 in the tenses first mentioned. (The 
 same is also the case in Syriac.) 
 
 Ithpe. iin'^rii^ to be given or given 
 up. Dan. 4: 13.*[16.] 7: 25. 
 
 1ri% Hithpa. in;:nn, denom. from 
 I^Im"], to profess Judaism. Esth. 8:17. 
 
 i^'^n'^^ m. (perhaps i. q. N^in"^ Ecc. 11: 
 3. he shall be.) 
 
 1. proper name of a king of Is- 
 rael, who destroyed the family of 
 Ahab. 2K. 9: 11. 
 
 2. also of an Israelitish prophet 
 in the time of king Baasha. 1 K. 16: 
 1. 2 Chr. 19:2. 20:34. 
 
 THiJin'] m. {Jehovah holds.) 
 
 1. proper name of a son of Jehu, 
 king of Israel. 2 K. 13. 19. 
 
 2. also of a sonof Josiah, king of 
 Judah. 2 K. 23 : 30. 2 Chr. 36: I. 
 Also written TnJji"' 2 Chr. 36 : 2. 
 Sept. 'jojocxaC' 
 
 Iji^in^ m. 1. proper name of a son 
 of Ahaziah, king of Judah. 2 K. 1 2: 
 
 1. 14: 13. Also written i;^^" 11: 
 
 2. 12: 20. 
 
 2. also of a son of Jehoahaz, 
 king of Israel. 2 K. 13: 1025. In 
 like manner written 'iiiXT'^ verse 9. 
 Sept. Vwtt?. Its appellative signi- 
 fication is probably Jehovah gives^ 
 
 from \:j^^^ i. q. Arab. (J^l donavit. 
 
 i'ln*^ Chald. a collective noun, the 
 5 y / 5 / 
 
 Jews. (Arab. ^Q^,j 0%.ib idem.) 
 Dan. 2: 25 ^^Tl] ^1 itn^b^ -^pz )72 
 of the captives from the Jews. 5 : 13. 
 6: 14. Ezra 6: 1, 8. 6: 14. 
 
 fl lliTT] a proper name. 
 
 1. the fourth son of Jacob; also 
 the tribe descended from him, the 
 boundaries of whose territory are 
 given Josh. xv. n'l'in'^ 'nfj the hill- 
 country in the tribe of Judah, Josh. 
 15: 48 if. 
 
 2. after the division of the king- 
 dom in the time of Rehoboam, the 
 kingdom and people of Judah, (of 
 the fem. gen. when denoting the 
 kingdom, and of the masc. gen. 
 when denoting the people, Is. 3: 8.) 
 consisting of the tribes of Judah and 
 Benjamin, and also of a part of the 
 tribes of Dan and Simeon. Comp. 
 De Wette hebr. judische Archaolo- 
 
in"' 
 
 261 
 
 in' 
 
 gie, p. 173. in'l^n^ n^D'lJ^ the coun- 
 try or kingdom uf Judah, Is. 19 : 17. 
 tmn"] n"'> ^/ic {chief) city of Judah^ 
 i. e. Jerusalem, 2 Chron. 25: 28. 
 It is worthy of remark, that this di- 
 vision of the king-dom is alluded to 
 in the time of David and even ear- 
 lier; as in Josh. 11: 16, 21. 2 Sam. 
 2: 10. 5: 5. 19: 40. 20: 2. 24: 9. 1 
 Chr. 21:5. Either, therefore, 
 there isan anachronism in these wri- 
 ters, or the division took place ear- 
 lier in common speech. 
 
 3. after the captivity, the whole 
 country of Israel, Hag. 1: 1, 14. 2:3. 
 
 '^'^'^n'^, plur. n'>"i^j-i% also l:*"^'^!|J^^ 
 fem. n^ll^:'' and n"^ . (see no.4.) 
 a gentile noun from rTl^n^ . 
 
 1. a Jew or Jewess, one belonging 
 to the tribe of Judah. 
 
 2. a citizen of the kingdom of Ju- 
 dah. 2 K. 16: 6. 25: 25. 
 
 3. after the captivity of the ten 
 tribes, an Israelite or Hebrew gene- 
 rally. Jer. 32: 12. 38: 19. 40: 11. 
 43: 9. especially 34 : 9, where it is 
 synonymous with "^"J^y. Neh. 1: 2. 
 3:33. 4: 6. Est. 2: 8.' 3: 4. 6: 13. 
 
 4. fem. n'^'Tltl'; used adverbially, 
 in Jewish or Hebrew, i. e. in the He- 
 brew language, (comp. signif. no. 
 3.) 2K. 18.26. Neh. 13:24. 
 
 '''I'^n'] Chald. a Jew. Found only in 
 the'piur. 'j'lj^'itiM'; , emph. n;^.'i?iJT^, 
 Dan. 3:8, 12." Ezra 4:12,23. 5:1,5. 
 
 I At P the proper name of the deity 
 among the ancient Hebrews. 
 
 It is worthy of remark, that this 
 word has not its own original punc- 
 tuation, but derives its vowels from 
 the word "^215^, (except that simple 
 Sheva is used under "^ instead of ._ .) 
 This name Adonai the Jews, in con- 
 formity with an ancient superstition, 
 are accustomed to read instead of 
 the ineffable name JTi^i"^, just as the 
 Septuagint has used Kvgcog for the 
 same word. Hence with the pre- 
 fixes it is written nitT'^, ^rilTT^a* 
 T^'l'nl'n, (the vowels being conform- 
 
 ed to the word "^s^jiii^ and where 
 ^I'^a nirr"' stands in the text, it is 
 pointed '^ikNimr!", and read C^lb^' 
 'ilN . ' 
 
 The inquiry then arises, What is 
 the correct pronunciation of niJT'? 
 Many critics make it JlTir:;^, relying 
 on the testimony of several ancient 
 writers that the Hebrews called 
 their God I^S^. See Diod. Sic. i. 
 Macrob. Saturn, i. 18. Iren. adv. 
 haer. ii. cap. ult. and others, partic- 
 ularly Theodoret. Qusest. ad Exod. 
 XV. xalovao Se ccvto Uu^iaQsnuc 
 lABE, lovdaiov di lA^. The ob- 
 jection to this is, that fli^2 ^^^ "^^ 
 the form of a Hebrew noun. The 
 same objection lies against JlTn|; , 
 a pronunciation which some derive 
 from the lET^ of Philo Byblius, 
 (Euseb. de Prxp. Evang. i. 9.) Its 
 true pronunciation, therefore, was 
 probably In^.tl^ (comp. the passage 
 quoted above from Theodoret,) 
 like the future of JiiM . From this 
 the abbreviations sirT" and rr"* (q. v.) 
 are most easily formed. Comp. Re- 
 landi Decas Dissert, de vera Pro- 
 nuntiatione Nominis Jehova. Traj. 
 1707. 8vo. The pronunciation of 
 the Masorelic points is defended by 
 Reland, Simonis, J. D. Michaelis 
 (Suppl. ad Lex. Hebr. p. 554.) 
 
 The pronunciation InlSl^ he shall 
 be is supported also by the etymo- 
 logical explanation given by Moses, 
 Ex. 3: 14. 6:3. comp. Rev. 1:4, 8. 
 namely, he who is as he shall be^ i. e. 
 the eternal, unchangeable, true. 
 To this interpretation, an allusion 
 is also made Hos. 12: 6 T*^St niSi- 
 he is called or is Jehovah, i. e. the 
 unchangeable. When used in the 
 beginning of proper names it is 
 written Tin'^ and by contraction i"* ; 
 when used in the end ^n", nV 
 "j^rjl* ^- {Jehovah is gracious) 
 proper name of a general under Je- 
 hoshaphat. Hence the Greek names 
 'loivvag and 'loiuvvi^g are formed. 
 
 ^1^1 "^l m. {Jehovah kno^jss) proper 
 
nn*^ 262 m*^ 
 
 name of a distinguished priest in ram, wife of the priest Jehoiada. 2 
 
 the court of the kings of Israel, K. 11:2. Also written ns^i'linii" 2 
 
 who destroyed the queen Athaliah, Chr. 22: 11. - - 
 
 and raised Jehoash to the ffov- ^j'^Ttn^'-ih j n5?*i^^'^ / / , , 
 
 ernment. 2K. 11 : 4 C Also the -''": ^"^ ^-^^'S " ^"" >"'? 
 
 name of several other persons. of Jehovah; comp. i"T2;''):5< , ^'Vii'^i^.) 
 
 J'^^'^in"' m. {Jehovah founds) proper ^- Proper name of a son of Nun, 
 
 name of a son of Jehoiakim, kiuL- ^^^^^^^^ and armourbearer of Mo- 
 
 of Judah, 2 K. 24: 8 17. under ^es fnd^ftejwards his successor, 
 
 whom the lirst transportation to ^1 leader of the Israelites. Lx 17: 
 
 Babyion took place. He is also ^..^^^^; ^^^ was called at first 
 
 called 'j^D^i-' Ezek. 1: 2. n^^::Dn Est. -"5"'![^' "* ^^' *^* ^^^ ^'^^ 
 
 2: 6. Jer.'i7: 20. 28: 4. ,^^ Jer. "^ also of a high-priest after the 
 
 24: 1 Keth. and t)r^3S Jer. 22: 24, exile. Zech. 3:1. Hag. 1:1,12. 
 
 28. 37:1. The latter names stand See in like manner ^^i^); . Sept. 
 
 for r^Til )-\^'] {Jehovah stands up.) *Ii]aovg. Vulg. Josua. 
 
 ^T.1^* ^ . "^' {Jehovah raises up) prop- ^^^^ 1 > ^ m. {Jehovah judges) proper 
 
 er name of a son of Josiah, kin^" of name of a son of Asa, king of .Tu- 
 
 Judah, at first called D^j^;'^5<, (q.v.) ^h. 2 K. 22: 4151. Also of a 
 
 2 K. 23: 34. 24:1. Jer. 1:^3. valley between Jerusalem and 
 
 ^^^^^^^ , ninVin riL L ^"''""^ Olivet, named after this 
 
 ^^ll'y i . and -1 M" m- (Jehovah king, Joel 4: 2, 12. [3: 2, 12.] 
 
 contends) proper name of a distin- 'n'^iril .a- i . t> m 
 
 , j^ ' ' . T I . r^V ' *^ 'AQ]. proud, arrosant. Pro v. 21: 
 
 guished pnest in Jerusalem. 1 Chr. ^.'^h 'u o ^ fx rv. ^x a rr x 
 9:10. 24:7. Ezra 8: 16. JSTeh. 11: ^4. Hab. 2:5. (In Chald. and Tal- 
 10. 12: 6, 19. Hence the Greek ^'^^' '^"H^'^. '^'P^'-^^^^ / ^^^il ^"/'er- 
 name *Jwu(Hi3 1 Mac. 2: 1. ^* / ^^'^'^^l'?? N^v?,^''* superbia.) 
 
 2"iy\n) and li'Tj'l^ m. {Jehovah urges ^^^D.- m. Ex. 28: 18. 39: 11. Ezek. 
 07^1, or is willing, liberal,) proper ^^'- ^^' ^'^"^^ ^^ ^ precious stone, 
 name of a Rechabite, from whom which cannot be defined with cer- 
 the vow of the Rechabites was de- tainty. Comp. Braun de Vestitu 
 rived. 2 K. 10: 15. Jer. 35: 6. See Sacerdotum. p. 542 if. 
 -^'?.- Y*^- ^"^^ "^'^'l- proper name of a 
 
 '\^y^'^, 7in^ ^\T\yV m. {Jehovah gives) Moabilish city, which was after- 
 Vonathan, the" son of Saul, celebra- wards reckoned to the tribe of Ren- 
 ted for his heroic friendship towards ben, but allotted to the priests. 
 David, 1 Sam. xui. xxxi. Also the ^uni. 21: 23. Deut. 2: 32. Josh. 13: 
 name of several other persons! 18. Is, 15: 4. Jer. 48: 21,34. (As 
 
 h^^^i.^ r^i 1 1 r r . T. an appellative, perhaps i. q. Arab. 
 
 JjUln" a Chaldaic form for J:]D^^ Ps. 5^0^ 
 
 81:6. here denoting Israel.See PiD/!*^ . ^^aA^ terra depressa et rotunda,) 
 
 i2"TiirP^ and 2'IV' m. {Jehovah is ex- ^JjJ^"^ m. {Jehovah is God) proper 
 
 O'f'led.) name of a prophet. Joel 1: 1. 
 
 1. proper name of a king of Ju- .\^^,^i, -o\^^k-.- 
 dah, son of Jehoshaphat. 2 K. 8: 16 ^^V ''- q- '^V' ^ : 'l' ^- 
 
 ;; ^ i- *. . , r -^"^ proper name of a son of Issa- 
 
 2. also of a son of Ahab, king of ^j^ ^^^ ^g. ,3^ -^^^^^^ ^^ ^^j^i^h 
 ^ Israe^. 2 K. iii. ^^^ ^^^ ^^.^, j^^^^ 26^ 24. 1 Chr. 
 'H'^lil'^f. (</icoai/to/Je/ioua//) prop- 7^1 Keri. Hence the first name 
 
 er name of a daughter of king Jo- may be merely a corruption. Some 
 
21'' 
 
 263 
 
 OV' 
 
 have identified this name with ^I'^iJi 
 the hero of the book of Job, but 
 without reason. 
 
 Dm^ proper name of an Arabian 
 tribe, of the family of Joktan. Gen. 
 10: 29. Bochart supposes it the 
 same with the 'l(t)uQiTuvg on the 
 Sahichian gulf ; the true spelling, 
 in his opinion, being ^Jco^u^iTCctg^ 
 since P is very easily corrupted in- 
 to B. Bocharti Geogr. T. 1. p. 190. 
 
 pllT^ com. gen. 1. name of a wind 
 instrument. Ex. 19:13. The full 
 name is ^si'sri p.J^. Josh. Q: 5. and 
 in the plural D'^irli"' ninsri: Josh. 
 6 : 6. D-^^iT-^Sl Di^^rd Josh. 6: 
 4, 8, 13. Jubei horns or trumpets' 
 Hence the phrase ^^.i'^rr I'lp.^ ^'^^^^ 
 Josh. 6:5. Ex. 19: 13. to blow with 
 this instrument ; corap. !]UJ?^. The 
 literal signification is doubtful. The 
 Chaldaic version and the Jewish 
 commentators render T'^.j'' a ram; 
 hence rams'* horns^ trumpets made of 
 rams'' horns. It is said by Rabbi 
 Levi and Akiba to have this signifi- 
 cation in Arabic, but it is not found 
 in our present Arabic Lexicons. 
 See Bocharti Hieroz. F. I. lib. ii. 
 cap. 43.. Others make it sonus 
 traclus (as if from ^51!,) which, how- 
 ever, does not suit tlie context. 
 
 2. b^Pn n:-^ Lev. 25: 13, 15, 
 18, 40. and simply ^i^^ verse 28. 
 30: 33. the year of jubilee, every 
 50th (others erroneously every 
 49th) year, which, according to 
 the Mosaic law, was a year of gen- 
 eral release, 25: 10 ff. Sept. Irog 
 T^g ucftaeoig, ucp^oig. Yn\g. annus 
 jubilei, annus jubileus. The ety- 
 mology is uncertain, but it is most 
 probably derived from sign if. no. 1. 
 this year being perhaps anuounced 
 with Jubel horns, as the new year 
 was with trumpets. Comp. further 
 Carpzov Apparat. ad Antiquit. Sac. 
 Cod. p. 447 if. 
 
 7!^^^ m. verbal from l:i' no. 2. 
 
 1. a river or txet ground. Jer. 
 17:8. 
 
 2. proper name of a son of Lam- 
 ech, the inventor of the harp and 
 cornet. Gen. 4:21. 
 
 DV m. prim. dec. L 
 
 1. day. Hence (1.) fii'^rr this 
 day ; hence to-day., ?i\so now^ 1 Sam. 
 12: 17. immediately^ 14: 33. and 
 once, formerly, i. e. on a certain 
 day; (see p. 163.) (2.) Sra with 
 an infinitive following, on the day 
 when any thing happens or happen- 
 ed ; also simply as soon as, when^ 
 Gen. 2: 17 sj-aTD '^^SuN; tIDVZ as soon 
 as thou eatest thereof 3: 5. Ex. 10: 
 28. Ruth 4: 5. Construed with a fi- 
 nite verb, Lev. 7: 35. (3.) CDl^a on 
 the day ; also immediately, yet on the 
 same, day, Prov. 12: 16. Neh. 3: 34. 
 [4:2.] (4.) t=]i'3 novo. Gen. 25: 
 31, 33. Hence in reference to 
 an action which is to take place 
 soon, immediately ^ presently, firsts 
 1 Sam. 2: 16 1 K. 22 : 5. (6.) 
 tDi"" tzji^ tz:r 2 tzii^ Neh.8: 1. 
 (comp. Ezra 3:4 uUi'^z Cai"" D\^th<i 
 daily burnt-offering.) tZDI'^S iZ3i"'3 1 
 Sam. 18: 10. daily (6.) tzii-?3 from 
 the day on, since, Ex. 10: 6. Deut. 
 9: 24. 
 
 The following special uses of the 
 word are worthy of notice ; (1.) 
 day of misfortu7ie, or calamity. Obad. 
 12 '^"'^^? Ci"' the calamitous day of 
 thy brother. Job 18: 20 at his day, 
 i. e. at his destruction, (i^i"' ,) pos- 
 terity are astonished. Ps. 37: 13. 
 137: 7. 1 Sam. 26: 10. Ezek.2l:29. 
 (2.) more rarely a day of prosperity 
 or rejoicing., a festival day. Hos. 7: 
 5 t:3V?3 Qi"* the festival day of our 
 king, perhaps his birth or coronation 
 day. 2:15 [2:1^] tZ3'^!:^'zri ""^.^ the 
 festivals of Baalim. 1: 11. [2: 2.] 
 one's birth day, Job 3: 1. (3.) day of 
 Jehovah^ for his day of judgment or 
 punishment. Joel 1: 15. Ezek. 13:5. 
 Is. 2: 12. 
 
 2. time generally, (like the Greek 
 ri^iga, and the Lat. dies.) tZsi^rS 
 l^'^T'x about this time, Gen. 39: 11. 
 
QT' 
 
 264 
 
 P' 
 
 n^l**^ fi^ba before its time^ Job 15: 
 
 32. t2i^n-^3 constantly^ Gftn. 6:5. 
 
 Dual tZD"]^'!'' two days. Hos. 6: 2 
 
 ^U;**):'*:? tDi'i^ tI3';^'^72 after two days, 
 
 on the third day ; comp. Luc. 13: 32, 
 33. 
 
 Plur. tZD'';^'^ (from an obsolete 
 sing, tzi^,) also y^'n^^ after the Chal- 
 daic form (Dan. 12: 13.) const. ^?3^ 
 rarely ni^'' (Deut. 32 : 7. Ps. 90': 
 15.) 
 
 1. days, especially days of one''s 
 life. Gen. 6: 3. D"'?2^rT-i^3 all one^s 
 days., all one''s life long, Gen. 43: 9. 
 44: 32. ^'72';^^ since thou livest, 1 
 Sam. 25: 28. Gen. 8: 22 "^^.rlrS 
 y^i^ln so long as the earth stands. 
 SD'^IO'^a iSa advanced in age, cetate 
 provectus, Gen. 24: 1. Josh. 13: 1. 
 VD"^ ^''IJ^ir to prolong one^s days, 
 to live long ; see ^^ii. 
 
 2. time generally. Gen. 47 : 8 
 'I'^vtJ "^.V^ "^.^ ^^''^ ^^"^^ ^f ^^^^ years 
 of thy life. "irn, tj^nai^ ^72"'Z in 
 the time of Abraham, of J)avid,Gen. 
 26: 1. 2 Sam. 21: 1. 1 K. 10 :21. 
 uDnri tD''7D^Z ^ri'^T and it came to 
 pq,ss in these days, Ex. 2:11. Judg. 
 18: 1. 19: 1. 1 Sam. 28 : 1. -^'2 
 LZ:"'72'^?^ constantly, forever, like the 
 
 tZD''?^;^ "TN two days or a month or a 
 longer time. 1 Sam. 29: 3 who has 
 been with me IZ^^V^D HI ii^ n'^73"' JlT 
 sometime or perhaps some years, 
 C^rij here denotes more than ti'^TS"'. 
 t:}^J2'^J2 after some time, Jutlg. 11: 4. 
 14: 8." 15: 1. D^)2; yjp,72 idem, Gen. 
 4:3. 1 K. 17:7. 
 
 4. a year. (This definite significa- 
 tion is found also in the Aram, ps?, 
 
 . ,.^ time. Some make it elliptical 
 
 for tD^)3^ ns^pn, but this phrase 
 never denotes a year.) Lev. 25: 29. 
 Judg. 17: 10. tZl'^?3^n nat the year- 
 ly sacrifice, 1 Sam. 2:19. i:"'73^73 
 T\12^12^ from year to year, Ex. 13:10. 
 Judg!'ll: 40. 21:19. iSam. 1:3. 2: 
 19 Also with numerals, 2 Chr.21:19 
 tD^:U5 ts'^a^b ypn ni^::^ ni^s about 
 
 the time of the expiration of the second 
 year. Less certain is Am.4:4 D's^buib 
 U''J2'^ every three years, but perhaps e- 
 very three clays, in irony. ^^C^ZD in like 
 manner has both a plural and sin- 
 gular signification.) 
 
 DT^ m. Ch aid. t/a?/, as in Heb. plur. 
 'j^T^i'', emph. fi^^^ii"^, const, fem. 
 nToi"* (Ezra 4: 15, 19.) const, masc. 
 after the Hebrew form '^Td'; (Ezra 
 
 Homeric phrase, 7][a(xtu navxa, i_bL^ 
 
 Deut. 4:40. 5:29. 6:24. 1 Sam. 2: ^^J ^^- (^^"^ ==^'' ^^^^ ^he adver- 
 
 32,35. 22 : 14. Job 1:6. It is ^iiil termmation D-.,) by day. W2V 
 
 sometimes added after the time how 
 long; as 0*^72;^ 0"*^;?^ rTJbb'^p three 
 weeks as to time, i. e. three weeks 
 long, ( others incorrectly, three 
 whole weeks,) Dan. 10: 2, 3. UJ^n 
 tZi^m a month long. Gen. 29: 14. 
 t=l^73^ n^;: idem, Deut. 21: 13. 2 
 K. 15: 13. tZl'^72-> tZl^.n-vi: two years 
 long, Gen. 41: L Jer. 28:3, 11. 
 
 3. some or several days. Neh. 1:4. 
 Dan. 8: 27. (like tD'^Dui some years, 
 Dan. 11: 6, 8.) Hence o/we or a con- 
 siderable tme,Gen.40:4 t3^'3;^ ^""^.tl 
 ^72UJ732 and they were some time in 
 custody. Num. 9: 22 'i^'^h iiJ< D"!'?!'^ 
 
 tb'^bl by day and by night. Lev. 8: 
 35.' Num.9: 21. fi'i"'Z by day, Neh. 
 
 9: 19. (comp. the Syr. I^a^j day, 
 
 fl^nliaA^ daily.) 
 
 133 proper name. 1. Gen. 10:2. Dan. 
 "S: 21. Is. QQ: 19. Ezek. 27: 13. 
 the people and country of the lonians, 
 the tribe of the Greeks which lay 
 the nearest to the Shemitish na- 
 tions and had the greatest inter- 
 course with them, and by which 
 the Flebrews, like the Syrians and 
 Arabians, appear to have under- 
 stood the Greeks generally. (Syr. 
 
&r 
 
 265 
 
 ni^ 
 
 f. JQ* , ^j ^ ^Qj Greece ; Arab. 
 
 ^U^J a Greek.) d'':j'^tl "^pa </ie 
 
 sons of the Greeks., i. e. the Greeks 
 themselves, Joel 4: 6. [3: 6.] 
 
 2, Ezek. 27: 19. perhaps a city 
 
 in Arabia Felix. (Arab. (J^:>9 uU;^ 
 oppidum Jemen.) 
 
 ))^^ m. const, in*;, mir. Ps.69: 3. 40:3 
 ]1-;n tS^D the ' miry clay^ two sy- 
 nonymes being used to express 
 intensity; comp. Dan.2: 41. 
 
 T]2V f. plur. &:/) , dec. X. 
 
 1. a dove. Gen. 8: 8 ff. Used as 
 a word of endearment, 'n:i'^ my 
 dove, Cant.2: 14. 6: 2. 6: 9. rj"]2-^ 
 fi'^si'' lAine eyes are doves {eyes.) 
 Cant. I: 15. 4: 1. nji"' "^za ?/ong- 
 doves, Lev. 5:7. 
 
 2. proper name of a celebrated 
 prophet.'jon. 1: 1. 2 K. 14:25. 
 
 Note. Another n:!"* may be 
 found under n3*'. 
 
 T T 
 
 p?,V m. Is. 53 : 2. and rijPDl'^ f. dec. 
 XIII. a. verbals from p3^ , a sprout 
 or shoot from the stock or roo^, as it 
 were, a sucker. Job 8: 16. 14: 7. 
 15: 30. Ezek. 17: 22. Hos. 14: 7. 
 For similar metaphors, comp. the 
 Greek ^oa^og ; the Lat. pullus, 
 pullulus, whence pullulare ; and the 
 Eng. sucker. 
 
 P|OT^ m. proper name of the young- 
 est son (except Benjamin) of Jacob, 
 who became prime minister to Pha- 
 raoh king of Egypt. Each of his 
 two sons Ephraim and Manasseh 
 inherited a portion with the sons 
 of Jacob. Hence p]D^'' and n''2 
 P|Dn*' denote (1.) the two tribes of 
 Ephraim and Manasseh. Josh. 17: 
 17. 18: 5. Judg. 1: 23, 35. So '^32 
 irjO^"^ in the same sense, Josh. 14:4. 
 (2.) after the division of the king- 
 dom under Rehoboam, the kingdom 
 of the ten tribes, the kingdom of Is- 
 rael, in opposition to the kingdom of 
 Judah ; (the tribe of Ephraim be- 
 34 
 
 ing the most powerful of the tea 
 tribes.) Ps. 78: 67. Ezek. 37: 16 
 19. Zech. 10:6. (3.) the Israelites 
 generally. Ps. 80: 2. 81:6. Am. 5: 
 6, 15. 6:6. 
 
 Note. In Gen. xxx. there ap- 
 pear to be two derivations of this 
 name given ; namely, one from 
 ?|DN'' he takes away, (comp. V\^^ 
 == vlOwS"* 2 Sam. 6: 1.) in verse 23; 
 and the other from V\'0^^ he adds^ 
 in verse 24. The form PlDirr; Ps. 
 81: 6. favours the latter. 
 ^"4^"^ 1. a potter. See '-|^\ 
 
 2. Zech. 11: 13. i.q. ^:i^i^ a treas- 
 ure, the treasury of the temple ; the 
 change in the orthography being 
 probably derived from the Arameaa 
 pronunciation ; (comp. iz;,'], U;N, 
 ^n'^fi^.) This explanation is support- 
 ed by the various readings ^iji n"^i, 
 ^it'' n^n >^?, and 'nii'ii} bfi^, the 
 authors of which must certainly 
 have given it this signification. 
 The true punctuation is probably 
 '^^^1. The Syriac version ren- 
 ders it treasury, 
 
 nil*' m. verbal from JTi"" no. I. the 
 
 TT 
 
 early rain, which in Palestine falls 
 from the latter part of October to 
 the first part of December. Deut. 
 11: 14. Jer. 5: 24. See the root 
 no. 3. to sprinkle, Hos. 6: 3. 
 
 DnV proper name of a son of Azari- 
 ah, king of Judah. 2 K.15: 3238. 
 
 ^inT*^ m. verbal from ^n-^, (with the 
 form of the participle.) 
 
 1. advantage, preeminence, liter- 
 ally something remaining over or 
 exceeding. Ecc. 6: 8. 
 
 2. more, further, ^cc. 2: 15. 7:11. 
 (Chald. and Rabbin, in/l'', with "jTa, 
 more than.) 
 
 3. too much, over much. Ecc. 7: 
 16. 
 
 4. besides, like ^D . Est. 6: 6 
 "^tl^n ^ni"* besides myself. Ecc. 12: 9 
 C^nnbnj? rTTJU: -ini^l besides, be- 
 cause Koheleth "jsas wise, 12: 12, 
 
in' 
 
 266 
 
 ^n^ 
 
 nnnr fem. of ^n^^ literally some- ^ I^"^- "^ ^^ ^"''^ "^^n;- 
 r'/u'n|: superfluous, projecting over, re- ^^'Hl m- verbal from nn; , dec. VI. c. 
 dundans ; used particularly in the 
 phrase -insr: b? nnni*Ji Ex.29:13. 
 Lev. 3: 4. or ^ni^n n-^m"^ Ex. 29: 
 22. and nnsrr p' n"^nV Lev. 9:10. 
 i/te great liver lobe^ major lobus hepa- 
 tis. Sept. Xo^og zov fjnarog. Saad, 
 
 SoL) A ic?ew. and with the same et- 
 
 ymology, for OJy\ denotes i.q. ^n*^. 
 
 See Bocharti Hieroz. T. I. p.498 ff. 
 Although this lobe makes a part of 
 the liver itself, yet we may sa}', 
 the lobe over the liver. This is bet- 
 ter than to understand it of the caul 
 over the liver^ omentum minus hepa- 
 ticogastricum, (\'u\g. retictdum hepa- 
 rw,) which i^ inconsiderable in size, 
 and has but little fat. 
 
 "OV Gen. 11:6. see Ul2t 
 
 see 
 
 r-t. 
 
 S^T*^ m. sweat 
 
 Once Ezek. 44 : 18. 
 (Comp. Wt sweat ; and the verb 
 
 union, 1 Chr. 12: 17. Hence as an 
 adv. I. together^ with one another^ 
 in the same place^ 1 Sam. 11: 11. 17: 
 10. at the same time, 2 Sam. 21:9. 
 
 2. with and without ^JD, all to- 
 gether. Job 34: 15 nn^ ^lUJS-'r-iD all 
 flesh together. Job 3: 1 8. ^24: 4. 38: 
 7 ^pn -"nDis in''-'I"\2 when all 
 the morning stars rejoiced. Deut.33: 
 5. Without a substantive, Job 16: 
 10. 17: 16. 19:12. With a nega- 
 tion, no one at a//,Hos. 11:7. 
 
 3. entirely. Job 10: 8 S^iD nn^ 
 all about. Ps. 141: 10. 
 
 With a suffix, 1'"nr."' and nn' 
 literally they together, like 1^3 J 
 hence 1. together, in the same 
 place. Gen. 13: 6. 36: 7. Dent. 25: 
 5. Gen. 22: 6, 8 I'ln^ ^^.""IV ^'=>kll 
 and they went both of them together. 
 
 2. mutually ; as THTl^ 51223 to con- 
 tend tog ether, Diiut 25: 11. comp. 1 
 Sam. 17: 10. 
 
 3. at the same time. Ps. 4: 9. 
 
 4. with and without ^b, // togeth- 
 
 C(3^ in Arabic tojiovo, and in Eth- er. Ps. 14:3. 1 Chr. 10:6. Job 24: 17. 
 
 iop. to sweat.) Pi^jPTn^ m.(for ^ij pttl"; God strength- 
 
 ^^^?V. and ^^^?.1t'] {God sows ; ens, like ^^^N Ex. 33:3. for "^^SNt,) 
 
 proper name of a well known pro- 
 phet, the son of Buzi. Ezek. 1: 3. 
 24 : 24. Sept. 'MfntV^y so Ecclus. 
 49>8. Vulg. Ezechiel; comp. n^jPTtl, 
 J-l^pjn'^, Vulg. Ezechias. 
 
 comp. Hos. 1:4. 2: 25.) 
 
 1. proper name of a city in the 
 tribe of Manasseh, at times the res- 
 idence of the kings of Israel. 1 K.18: 
 46.2K.9:15.Inits neighbourhood was 
 
 !^N?.ir. m "" """'i/ "/ ^'-"'. n'PTn-' m. Uehovah strengthens) i. q. 
 Josh. 17 : 16 jp 6: 33 In la- ' - - ; oUndah, q.v. 
 
 ter times called s(irefow, Asarc/on, 'M.:. j & ^ 
 
 Stradela. The gentile noun is 'T^n% fern. MVn**., verbal from nrj^, 
 ''^^?"5!': 1 K- 21:1. fern, n'^irti^^n, dec. III. a. iind X. 
 
 n^^^li: 1 Sam. 27:3. 30: 5. 
 
 2. also of a town in the hill-coun- 
 try of the tribe of Judah. Josh. 15: 
 56. 1 Sam. 29:1. 
 
 "n% fut. in^. , (kindred with 'inij, 
 *ltlN,) to be united, joined. Constru- 
 ed" with 2, Gen. 49:6. with riN (nN,) 
 Is. 14:20.' 
 
 Pi. nn"^ to unite. Ps. 86: 11. 
 
 1. alone, only ; used particularly 
 of an only child. Gen. 22: 2, 12, 16. 
 also without '\2 or na, in the masc. 
 Jer. 6: 26. Zech, 13: 10. Prov. 4: 3. 
 in the fem. Judg. 11:34. 
 
 2. solitary, forsaken, desolate. Ps. 
 25: 16. 68:7. 
 
 3. fem. STTT)"^ the only, the most 
 beloved, the darling ; a poetical ex- 
 pression for one'^s life, Ps. 22: 2 1 . 
 
^n^ 
 
 267 
 
 nt:*^ 
 
 35: 17. comp. nins. Others : the 
 forsaken (sow/.) 
 
 P^n*^ m, verbal adj. from ^n" , wait- 
 ing or hoping for. Lam. 3: 2G. 
 
 /^n*^ in Kal not used. 
 
 "Pi. bn'l 1. io TwaiV. Job6: 11. 
 The person or thing wailed ybr is 
 preceded by b , Job 29: 23. 30:26. 
 byiri^, Is. 51:' 5. Ps. 130:6. 131:3. 
 Frequently in the phrase !i^n"^b bn"j 
 to wait with confidence on Jehovah, 
 to hope inhim^ Ps. 31: 23. 33: 22. 
 
 2. trans, to cause to hope^ to in- 
 spire hope. Ezek. 13:6. Ps. 119: 49. 
 
 Hiph. ^rTlitl to wait, as in Pi. 1 
 Sam. 10: 8. * 13: 8. Construed with 
 b,Job 32: 11. Ps.42:6. 
 
 Niph. bn'12, fut. bn^^ (with %) 
 to wait, as in Piel and Hiph. Gen. 8: 
 12. Ezek. 19: 5. 
 
 Deriv. b^n% n^mn. 
 
 uXV^ found only in the fut. cn|) and 
 
 Cn^ (1 K.l:l.) i.q. D?2n which is us- 
 ed only in the preterite. 
 
 1. 10 6c or become warm. Ezek. 
 24: 11. Impers. ib Dr^.-* On"^ he is 
 warm, 1 K. 1 : I. EccT'i: if.' (The 
 preterite DH from D73n is also used 
 impersonally.) 
 
 2. to glow with anger, Deut. 19:6. 
 
 3. to rut or copulate, as animals. 
 Gen. 30: 38, 39. 
 
 Note. The future Dri|] is formed 
 differently in Gesenius' Lehrgeb. p. 
 366. 
 
 Pi. 1. i. q. Kal no. 3. to copulate, 
 spoken of animals. Gen. 30:41. 
 31: 10. 
 
 2. to conceive., spoken of a wo- 
 man. Ps. 51:7 '72J< '^sn^n;; ^^toni^ 
 and in sin my mother conceived me. 
 (The form "^sn^n?. is used for 
 'injan^, as :i*^nN for ^'^nJt or ^"nrffij 
 Judg.5:28.) 
 
 Deriv. In^rt. 
 
 'n^^ri^ Deut. 14: 5. 1 K. 5: 3. [4:23.] 
 
 Arab. /^^.fSZTj, an animal of the 
 
 deer kind, of a reddish colour, 
 with horns indented like a saw, 
 which it sheds every year; prob. the 
 
 fallow deer. See Bochart's Hieroz. 
 P. 1. p. 913. (T. 11. p. 284 of the 
 new edition.) 
 
 PlH^J m. barefoot. 2 Sam. 15: 30. Is. 
 20: 2, 3, 4. Jer. 2: 25. 
 
 "in*^ i. q. ^nN to delay. Found only 
 2 Sam. 20:5 Kethib in"'"'T (read 
 ^rp'nl) and he delayed. The Keri 
 'nrji^'l is the Hiph. (with Chaldaic 
 form) from 'ini^. 
 
 tDH^ m. in later Hebrew, a gener- 
 ation, family., tribe. Once Neh. 7: 
 5 \!;n^?l ^CC> a family register. 
 (Chald. Dri2 "sed for the Hebrew 
 iins^TS and in the plur.for niVlr^n.) 
 Hence 
 
 Hithpa. 'ton^^nn to be entered or en- 
 rolled in a family register, anoyQa- 
 (fSGxrcci, censeri. 1 Chr. 5: 1, 7, 17. 
 9:1. JSeh. 7:5. The infin. "bnrnrj 
 is used as a noun, a register, cata- 
 logue, 1 Chr.7:5,7,9,40. 2Chr.31:16, 
 17. 12:15 the deeds of Rehoboam are 
 written in the book of Shemaiah^ 
 totl^ntlb in the family register, 
 
 ^12"^ used only in the fut. iD'^'', ^'Oi 
 (once "^yq^Pi Nah. 3: 8.) i. q. nitJ. 
 
 1. to be good. Nah. 3: 8. Ecc.7:3. 
 Elsewhere useil impersonally, (I.) 
 "^b nO'^'' it shall be well with me. 
 Gen." 12: 13. 40: 14. Deut. 4: 40. 
 (2.) '^3''y2 laD'^'^T anc? it pleased me. 
 Gen. 41:37. 45:16. Lev. 10:19, 
 20. more rarely with *^3Sb , Est. 5: 
 14. Neh. 2:5,6. with V, Ps.' 69: 
 32. 
 
 2. to be joyful, spoken of the 
 heart. Judg. 19:6. Ruth 3: 7. 
 
 Hiph. i"'t2^in, fut. n''t3"<.''., more 
 rarely n'^tD2/(once m"^::;;^.) 
 
 1. to make good, to do well. Deut. 
 5: 25 [28] nia"! ^u:n -bs Jin"D'^lrT 
 they have done well all that they have 
 spoken, i. e. they have spoken well. 
 18: 17. Construed with an infin. 
 Jer. 1: 12 niM^b niti'^Sl thou hast 
 rightly seen. 1 Sam. 16: 17 'J.nai: a^t2''tt 
 one who can play well. Comp. Ezek. 
 33: 32. The infin. absol. nt?,'Jl doing 
 
268 
 
 n^^ 
 
 well, is used adverbially for well, ex- 
 actly, carefully, diligently. Deut. 9: 
 21. 13: 15. 17:4. 19: 18. 27:8. 
 
 2. *I"'5"l'^ ^^U'^lri to make good one'^s 
 ways, i e. (o conduct well. Jer. 2: 
 33. 7: 3, 5. with tl''\\^_J2, 35: 15. 
 Hence elliptically Jeremiah 4: 22 
 5yV J<b ^''tj-'ilbl but to do good, 
 they have no knowledge. 13: 23. 
 The infin. used as an adv. acting 
 well, rightly, Jon. 4: 4 9. 
 
 3. to do good to or benefit any one ; 
 construed with ^, Gen. 12: 16. Ex. 
 1:20. with an accus. Deut. 8: 16. 
 30: 5. with D^, Gen. 32: 10, 13. 
 Num. 10: 32. 
 
 4. to make joyful. Judg. 19: 22. 
 
 5. to adjust, prepare. (Syr..ix..^.) 
 Ex. 30: 7. S: K. 9: 30. -njif np.^m 
 n"ylJ&iT she adjusted her head {dress,) 
 composuit capillos. 
 
 6. intrans. to be good. Mic. 2: 7. 
 Hence construed with ^i^, to please, 
 as in Kal, 1 Sam. 20: 13. 
 
 Deriv. :2t2''t3. 
 ^PNfut. '2'Q^l, Chald. to be good. 
 Construed with bs?, to be pleasino-. 
 Ezra 7: 18. 
 
 ilin:2L:|J Num. 33: 33. Deut. 10: 7. 
 proper name of a station of the Is- 
 raelites in the desert, abounding in 
 brooks. Probably different from 
 Jlit:'^ 2 K.21: 19. 
 
 'D'^p'^^ m. proper name of a son of 
 Ishmael. Gen. 25: 15. iChron. 1:31. 
 Hence his posterity, the Itureans, who 
 were engaged in war with the 
 tribes beyond Jordan, 1 Chron. 5: 
 19, 20. This agrees with the situ- 
 ation of Iturea, (Luke 3:1.) a moun- 
 tainous district between Syria and 
 the desert of Arabia. See Reland's 
 Palasstina, p. 106. 
 
 )"]'! m. prim. dec. VI. f. 
 
 1. wine, 
 
 2. intoxication. Gen. 9: 24. iSam. 
 1:14.25:37. 
 
 *^1 1 Sam. 4: 13 Kethib, an evident 
 
 corruption for 'i^ on the side, which 
 stands in the Keri. 
 
 n.^^ in Kal not used, prob. i.q. Arab. 
 ln:;i, p^rlc^^ to be clear, evident, (is 
 and :^ being interchanged.) 
 Hiph. n'^Diil. ' 
 
 1. to show, prove. Job 13: 15 
 tV^^ii^ VZ^h *'5"^'^~':]ii surely I will 
 prove my ways [righteovs) before 
 him, i. e. I will justify my ways be- 
 fore him, 19: 5. 
 
 2. to correct, reprove, convince, re- 
 fute. Job 32: 12. Construed with ^, 
 
 Prov. 9: 7, 8. 15: 12. 19: 25. Used 
 absolutely, Ezek 3: 26. comp. Prov. 
 25: 12. Amos 5: 10. Is. 29: 21. Par- 
 ticularly with reproach or censure, 
 hence 
 
 3. to rebuke, reproach., censure. 
 Job 6: 25 DS^, tj^in n^Di"'-n73 what 
 does your reproaching prove ? 13: 10. 
 40 : 2 JlibN n"*!;^^ he that reproach- 
 eih God. Gen. 21: 25 Dtl^n&t n'^rjini 
 ^'^.:2"'ii<; ni< and Abraham reproached 
 Mimelech. Also to revile, 2 K. 19: 
 
 4. Is. 37: 4. 
 
 4. io ;;umf A, spoken particularly 
 of God. Job 5: 17. Prov. 3: 12. 
 Ps. 6:2. .38:2. 94: 10. 105: 14. 141: 
 
 5. (Often parall. with ^d;) 
 
 5. to judge, decide, spoken of a 
 judge, i.q. act. Is. 11:3. Hence 
 construed with \, to do justice to any 
 one, (like "j^-, tic'^D,) 11:4. constru- 
 ed with 'j'^2, to decide between parties, 
 Gen. 31:37. Job 9:33. 
 
 6. construed with b, to appoint or 
 destine for any one. Gen. 24: 14, 44. 
 
 7. to contend with any one, (comp. 
 t:S"^:, pID and Niph.) construed 
 with bi$. Job 13: 3. with \, 16: 21. 
 with an accus. 22: 4. Literally to 
 seek to confute any one. 
 
 Hoph. pass, of no. 4. Job 33: 19. 
 
 Niph. rt^i: 1. to be confuted. 
 Gen. 20: le'nnibT and she {Sarah) 
 was confuted, i. e. she could say no- 
 thing in her defence, 
 
 2. recipr. to contend with any one. 
 Job 23: 7. Is. 1: 18. 
 
1V 
 
 269 
 
 Hithpa. nsinri i. q. Niph. no. 2. 
 Mic. C: 2. 
 
 Deriv. nnsin, nn^in. 
 
 i^b*;, rarely bi^;; 2Chr. 7: 7. 32: 14. 
 fut. b^l^ (strictly fut. Hoph. but in 
 use the same a;^ fut. Kal,) inf. absol. 
 ^n'i^, const. D-b"'. 
 
 1. to be able. Construed general- 
 ly with b and an iniin. Gen. 13: 6, 
 16. 45 : 'l, 3. Ex. 7: 21, 24. some- 
 times without '::, Ex. 2: 3. 18: 23. 
 Num. 22: 6. also with a finite verb, 
 Est. 8: 6 'n"'N-j') b?^N ?l^^\N5 how 
 canlseeeic.1 with an accus. Job 
 42: 2. Also in a moral sense. Gen. 
 37: 4 they could not speak peaceably 
 unto him. Job 4: 2. Hos. b: 5 'ri'3-^y 
 jTpD ^^ID^"" Nb how long shall they be 
 unable^ i. e. indisposed, (to do)z<ohat 
 is innocent, supply nit:5?b. 
 
 2. to be permitted (by law.) Gen. 
 43: 32. Num. 9: 6. Deut. 12: 17. 
 
 3. to be able to endure, to suffer. 
 (We may supply njttjb from Jer. 
 44: 22. Prov. 30: 21. or h-^zri from 
 Amos 7: 10.) Ps. 101: 5. Is. T: 13. 
 
 4. to prevail, or obtain the mastery 
 over any one ; construed with b. of 
 of the person, Gen. 32: 26. with a 
 sufiix, Jer. 20: 10. Ps. 13: 5. Ap- 
 plied to the mind, Ps. 139: 6. Used 
 absolutely, to conquer, to get the 
 upper hand. Gen. 30: 8. 32: 28. Hos. 
 12: 4. Also in general, to go through 
 or execute any thing, Jer. 3:5. 20: 7. 
 1 K. 22: 22. 
 
 b^\ b'D^^ Chald. fut. bS": Dan. 3: 29. 
 5: 16. and with the Hebrew form 
 b^r 2: 10. 
 
 1. to be able^ construed with b and 
 an intin. Dan. 2:47.3: 17.4:34. 
 [4:37.] 
 
 2. to prevail over, construed with 
 b. Dan. 7:21. 
 
 "ibjl and lh^^, (Arab. U]^,) fut. V?..":, 
 infin. absol. Sb^ and il^b , const. 
 nnb;, once nb (T Sam. 4:19.) with 
 suff. rrn'iK 
 
 1. to bring forth, as a mother. 
 
 Gen. 4: 1, 22. 16: 1, 15. Part. fern. 
 n'll:!'^ one that brings forth, used po- 
 etically for a mother, Prov. 17: 25. 
 23: 25. Cant. 6: 8. Sometimes ellip- 
 ticaljy. Gen. 6: 4 tDtlb ^l^b^T and 
 they bare to them {children.) 16: 1 
 
 ^b iinb"' j^?b t=]"^iN nt.\ iiuji and 
 
 r :n T : - v . - T : 
 
 Sarai, Abram's wife, did not bear to 
 him (children.) 30: 1. (comp. Niph. 
 and Pual.) Frequently used meta- 
 phorically, as in Job 15: 35 they 
 conceive mischief and bring forth 
 wickedness. Ps. 7 : 15. comp. Is. 
 33: U. 
 
 2. to beget, as a father. Gen. 4: 
 18. 10: 8, 13. So metaphorically 
 Jehovah, addressing the Messiah or 
 king of Israel, says Ps. 2: 7 thou art 
 my son, this day have I begotten thee ; 
 without a figure, thou art a king, to 
 day do I appoint thee. Hence met- 
 aphorically, to make, produce, form, 
 create, Deut. 32: 18. Jer. 2 : 27. 
 (Comp. nj< no. 3.) 
 
 3. to lay (eggs,) parere (ova.) Jer. 
 17: II. 
 
 Niph. ^^^3 to be born ; often with 
 nN before the nominative of the 
 subject, Gen, 4: 18 ^^2nb ^b'l'"'' 
 'l^"'2?-ni5 '^"^ ""^^ Enoch was born 
 had. 21:15. 46:20. Num. 26:60. 
 Also used elliptically, likeKal no.l. 
 Gen. 17: 17 nbn'' M:'^-rJ73 pbin 
 shall (a son) be born to one an hun- 
 dred years old ? 
 
 Note. The form nl?:i5 I Chr. 3: 
 5. 20: 8. is the pret. 'Niph. with 
 Dagesh euphonic, for ^ibi-. 
 
 Pi. ib"^ to help to bring forth, to de- 
 liver, as a midwife. Ex. 1: 16. Part, 
 fern, nib;;:^ a midwife, Ex. 1: 17 ff. 
 
 Pu. lb.^ and Tbn"^ to be born, as 
 in Niph. Gen. 4: 26. also elliptically, 
 as in Kal and Niph. Gen. 10:21 
 Nlil ID5 ^\'^^_ D^b^ and to Shem, also 
 to him were (sons) born. Used met- 
 aphorically of inanimate nature, Ps. 
 90: 2. 
 
 Hiph. T^b.iil 1- to cause to bring- 
 forth (children.) Is. 66: 9. Used 
 metaphorically of the earth, to 
 cause to bring forth (fruit.) Is.65: 10. 
 
bb^ 
 
 270 
 
 D"^ 
 
 2. to heget^ as a father. Gen. 5: 4, to wail. Is. 13: 6. 15: 4. 23: 1,14. 
 
 7,10,13 ff. ll:llff. Fi^uPRtively Job I Jer. 25: 34. Am. 8: 3 rT^'-i""*:: ^^"^^^ 
 
 38: 28 !:D-^^.5N ^^]:in-^l2 who be- ' u^^n the songs of the palace shall 
 
 gat the drops of the dew ? ^ wail, i. e. be turned into wailings. 
 
 Hoph.only inthe infm.n'llr.lnGen. Is. 52: 5 :ib"'b^n'; rirU;?: their prin- 
 
 40:20 and rTl^.lrt Ezek.l6:4,5. a he- ces lament. For^i^ijir^ Ps. 78: 63, 
 
 ing6orn,as Gen. 40:20 '-n^tnVirrtn'l'^ see under b^ri. 
 
 nb^'^D the birth day of Pharaoh, '^'^^ ^^ ^^rbal from ^b% lamentation, 
 
 Hithpa. -iV^nn to be enrolled in "^^ailing, or perhaps Zwlin^ of wild 
 
 thu family registers, (rmirin "^-ICD,) animals. Once Deut. 32: 10. 
 
 Num. 1: 18. see u:n^nn. "n^^h i- . t^ i .^ ., 
 
 ^ . ./.'"* 1 n7~^ f. const. r)bh\ verbal from ^b^, 
 
 Deriv. out of course mbl?2, ;;^-* -^i i"' .. . .. " 
 
 ^^^Wj- ^v, ^\^ ^;V^ -i'^'^ '' ^^' ^^- ^- i^^nentation. Is. 15:8. 
 
 *7P:;. m. verbal from n^;, dec. VI. a. 5?^i probably i. q. j-ii,'b to speak in- 
 and h. n- ,t 
 
 1. 
 
 Ex.2; ^ <. ^ 
 
 ,-,- ,, see Cor. Sur. II. 225.) 
 
 .,- , , ^ ^. . con5ic/erare/i' or ra*%, (syn on. ^tl:22.) 
 
 ::3ir.-Is.2:6n^n:DD^nb-> .on, Prov 20: 25. (Arab c.*^ ^demi 
 
 of strangers, i. e. simply strangers, _.wV, 
 
 like the Greek i^r^c? A^ollmv. Is. ii-y. >._ f. Lev. 21: 20. 
 
 57:4 'S'^'^ "^t!-- children of trans- 
 
 25: 22. a kind of 
 itching scab or tetter. Sept. keiyrjv. 
 gression, i. e. transgressors. The Vulg. impetigo. Root perhaps S]b-'= 
 plur. D"^b'^ is sometimes used of Arab. L.A3 to adhere, stick. 
 both sexes, like D"':a, 1 Sam. 1: 2. pp*^ m. a species of locust, Ps. 105: 
 
 Ezra 10: 1. 
 
 2. the young of animals. Is. 1 1 : 7. 
 
 n^^v^ fern, of nb^. , dec. XII. a. a girl, 
 a young woman. Gen. 34: 4. Joel 
 4: 3. [3: 3.] 
 
 T\'^'^hi. f denom. from l!:^., dec. X. 
 
 1. boyhood, youth. Ecc. 11:9, 10. 
 
 2. youn^ men. Ps. 1 10: 3. 
 
 '*Th >''] m. verbal from ib^ , dec. I. a. 
 born, Ex. 1:22. Josh. 5:^5. 
 
 1^ see T^^. 
 
 '*! V^ m. verbal from ^b" , dec. III. a. 
 
 . ^ -T 
 
 born, a son, natus. Num. 13:22 
 p:yrT ^'T^'b'^ the sons of Anak. 2 Sam. 
 21:16 tlS"\n ^n^b'' the sons of Raph- 
 
 T T IT : "^ 
 
 ah,'i.q. CiNDn. More frequently T^b^ 
 n'^2 a slave born in one''s house, ver- 
 na~ Gen. 14: 14. 17: 12, 13. 
 
 ^\z.1 i. q. ^btl to go, which forms some 
 of its tenses from this verb. See 
 
 bzl found only in Hiph. b^'b^tl , fut. 
 '^'^'b^'^ (see Gr. 111. 7.) to lament, 
 
 34. Joel 1:4. 2:25. Nah.3: 15. It 
 was winged, Nah. 3: 16. and bristly 
 or hairy, Jer. 51 : 27. Root pb** 
 
 according to some i. q. Arab. V-^^ 
 to be white; but more prob. i. q. 
 ppb to lick, to eat off, comp. ^nb 
 Num. 22: 4. See Bocharti Hieroz. 
 P. II. p. 443. 
 
 tO'1p7^ m. verbal from DjPb, a sack, 
 pouch, bag. 1 Sam. 17: 40. 
 
 t-^ m. prim, (with Kamets impure, 
 "even before Makkepb, except in 
 the phrase ?]^D-D'',) plur. h'^iz'', dec. 
 Vlll. a. 
 
 1. a sea, an inland sea or lake. 
 niSS-D"^ the sea of Chinnereth, 
 
 :.' -IT "^ ' 
 
 Num. 34 : 1 1. afterwards called the 
 lake of Gennesaret, or sea oj Gali- 
 lee, rib??.^-^ the Salt sea. Gen. 14: 
 3. also called ^l^^n t3^ the sea of 
 the desert, Deut. 3:17. i. q. the Dead 
 sea. ;:]^D~Q]^ the sea of Reeds, the 
 Red sea, Ex. 15: 4 The Mediter- 
 ranean sea is called D^Jl by way of 
 eminence, biiaJl D^n the Great sea, 
 
 '-ITT ' 
 
^D^ 
 
 271 
 
 m"^ 
 
 Kum. 34: 6, 7. or li'nrfi^in tl'^'n the 
 
 ' I -! - IT T - 
 
 Western sea, Deut. 11 : 24. The 
 Galiieaa sea is also called O^^ Is. 
 8:23. [9:1.] 
 
 2. a large river ; spoken of the 
 Nile, Is. 19: 5. Nah. 3: 8. of the 
 Euphrates, Jer. 51: 36. Plur. tZl^r 
 spoken of the streams of the Nile, 
 
 Ezek.32:2. (So the Arab. *J is 
 sometimes used.) 
 
 3. the west, since the Mediterra- 
 nean sea lay to the west of Pales- 
 tine. Hence tD"' r]n~l a west wind, 
 Ex. 10: 19. &^-rl^tD the west side, 
 Ex.27: 12. 38: 12. ^173^^ towards the 
 west, Gen. 28: 14. Ex.'26 : 22. (also 
 towards the sea, Ex. 10: 19. but in 
 this sense more frequently nya^Jn.) 
 &*^ on the west, 12: 8. ^ QiXJ on 
 the west of. Josh. 8 : 9, 12, 13. In 
 two passages, Ps. 107: 3. Is. 49: 12. 
 tD'i'n stands opposed to ll'siiT: , but 
 ought still to be rendered the west; 
 comp. Am. 8: 12. Deut. 33: 23. 
 
 4. ntn^H t=)^ 2 K.25: 13. 1 Chr. 
 18: 8. the brazen sea, a great basin 
 in the priests' court of the temple. 
 
 U'^iyi plur. of t3^", q. V. 
 r'TQ*^ idem. 
 
 T 
 
 D*'t5|^ masc. plur. found only Gen. 36: 
 24. most prob. hot springs, (per- 
 haps those of Calirrhoe, which pre 
 found in the country spoken of) So 
 Vuig. aqucR calidce : and according 
 to Jerome, the word continued to 
 have this signification in Punic. 
 Syr. aquce. The Samar. text has 
 tIl'^!D"'J5n Emiins, giants ; so Onke- 
 los and Pseudo-Jonathan. In the 
 Arabic and Veneto-Greek versions, 
 mules. 
 
 T'U'^ subst. dec. III. a. 
 
 1. masc. gen. the right side. 
 )^72;i hs to the right, Gen. 24: 49. 
 30: 12. Also simply yq"^ (as an ac- 
 cus.used adverbially ,)to the right, to- 
 wards the right. Num.20: 17. 22:26. 
 Deut. 2: 26. 5: 32. Hence used as 
 
 a genitive after other substantives,, 
 TO"*?! piuj the right shoulder, liter- 
 ally the shoulder of the right side, Ex. 
 29: 22. I'^Z:^ 'j''3? the right eye, 1 Sam. 
 11:2. :^7D';' ^^ yy right hand, Ps. 
 73: 23. Jer. 22: 24. 
 
 2. without n;;, the right hand. In 
 this sense it is both masc. and fern. 
 (as if the name of a double mem- 
 ber,) e. g. masc. Lam. 2:4. Prov. 
 27: 16. elsewhere fern. Ps. 80: 18 
 ^3*i^" ^"Sj^ the man of thy right hand, 
 i. e. the man whom thy right hand 
 guideth. Ps. 16: 8 he is at my right 
 hand,\. e. he assists me. Ps. 119: 
 31. 121:5. 
 
 3. the south side, the south. (See 
 '^infij Note.) 1 Sam. 23: 19 y^12;-^12 
 '^^I'n'^^'^yi on the south of the desert, 
 verse 24. 2 Sam. 24: 5. Also in the 
 south, Job 23: 9. 
 
 5 cy 
 
 4. prosperity. (Arab. (j^;>.) So m 
 the proper name 'J'^a'^Da. Gen. 35: 
 18. Hence 
 
 Hiph. I""^"^?! and 1'rj (2 Sam. 14: 
 19.) denom. from p73\ 
 
 1. to turn to the right. Gen. 13:9. 
 Ezek. 21: 21. In this signification 
 we likewise find ^:''Nfn Is. 30: 21. 
 
 2. to use the right hand, to be right" 
 handed. 1 Chr. 12: 2 ti:'':''^^^ using 
 the right hand. 
 
 ^^j'^tl^ 1. i. q. '^ZJ2'] dexter, but found 
 
 only in the Kethib of 2Chr.3:17 
 Ezek. 4: 6. 
 
 2. '>:'^^^-'j2 a Beiijamite, a gen- 
 tile noun 'from p^'*3a Benjamin. I 
 Sam. 9: 21. Ps. 7: U With the ar- 
 ticle, '3''73^n"]3 the Benjamite,J ndg, 
 3: 18. 2 Sam. 16:11. Plur. -^ja 
 'r^"] Benjamites, Judg. 19:16. I 
 Sam. 22 : 7. So in the same sense 
 ''3/72': UJ-ii, 1 Sam. 9:1. 2Sam.20:l. 
 Est. 2: 5. '':}'^73^ y^.i^. the country of 
 Benjamin, 1. Sam. 9: 4. 
 
 "^D^*] , fern, rr^a^^ , denom. adj. from 
 y^'ti^, dexter, dextra,dextrum. Ex. 29: 
 20.Yev. 8: 23,24. 
 
w 
 
 272 
 
 P=^ 
 
 l^'J Hithpa. 'l^s^nJl io boast one's 
 self, or to exercise dominion. Is. 61: 
 6. comp. '^SNnrj Ps: 94: 4. (Also 
 in Arabic the verbs ^?3N, ^12^-) r^ 
 interchange their signification iu 
 several conjugations.) 
 
 i!5^*^ i. q. uiuiT^i but doubtful. Once 
 Judg. 16:26 Kethib -'^li'^a^n (read 
 ^ri^J^T:^?!) let me touch. The Yod, 
 however, may be merely a mater 
 lectionis. 
 
 IJ , fut. TO'^"'. 1. io exercise violence. 
 Part. Zeph. 3: 1 nri^rr ^^i'n the 
 oppressive city. Jisi-^n i*\n the op- 
 pressive 5r8;orc?, Jer. 46: 16. 50: 16. 
 
 without ^^n 25: 38 nDi^Ji linn 
 
 V If T - / -: 
 
 prob. the anger of the oppressive 
 sword. 
 
 2. to annihilate., destroy. Ps. 74:8 
 in;] tD2'^2 /e^ us destroy them all. 
 
 Hiph, n:in, fut. n2'f"< ,io oppress 
 any one, in civil matters, (synon. 
 p-i3y,) Ex. 22:20. Lev. 19:33. E- 
 zek. 18: 7 if. io overreach, in buy- 
 ing and selling, Lev. 25: 14, 17. to 
 oppress a people, Is. 49: 26. to dis- 
 possess, construed with l^q, Ezek. 
 46: 18. (Chald. Aph. i:ii< idem.) 
 
 ni^*^ {he rests) proper name of a place 
 on the borders of the tribes E- 
 phraim and Manasseh. 2 K. 15: 29. 
 with Ti local nni:^. Josh. 16:6, 7. 
 
 n?^ found only in Hiph. tl'^in (with 
 assimilated Yod,) kindred with n?3 
 
 4. to throw out or away^ as Rich- 
 es. Num 19:9. Figuratively Am. 
 
 5: 7 ^n^2Sl Y^-H^ '^Pr^^^ "^^ ^% 
 throw righteousness to the ground. 
 Intrans. to cast itself down., spoken 
 of a storm of hail. Is. 28: 2. 
 
 5. to let., leave., (kindred in sense 
 with MitOj, ip,) in many construc- 
 tions; as (1.) to leave behind. Gen. 
 42:33. Judg. 2: 23. 3: 1. (2.) to 
 leave undisturbed.^ to let alone, to suf- 
 fer. Est. 3: 8. Hence ^^ nn-'sn let 
 
 me fi/one,Ex.32:10. Hos.4:17. 2 iSam. 
 16:11 b:p.iP^1 "ib ^T\\n let him curse 
 mc. AUo Judg. 16:25 "^nj^ ^H^^.d 
 suffer me. (3.) "jTi i;^ 'n^'ilTj to with- 
 draw or withhold the hand from any 
 thing. Ecc. 7:18. 11:6. (4.) io/or- 
 sake.,Jer. 14:9, to give over to any 
 one, construed with 1:. Ps. 119:121. 
 (5.) to leave remaining., Ex. 16: 23, 
 24. Lev. 7:15. Construed with a 
 dative of the person/or whom, Ps. 
 17:14, Ecc. 2: 18. (6.) io suffer to 
 do any thing, construed with an ac- 
 cusative of the person, and ^ of 
 the action, (comp. the construction 
 with 'LXy: Gen. 31: 28, and with 
 in:.) Ps."l05: 14 tD'iJj n^vn Rp 
 
 lI2P"li:yb he suffered no one to oppress 
 them. In the parallel passage 1 Chr. 
 16:21, we findui^^K 
 
 6. i. q. ln''3n to pacify, prevent, 
 Ecc. 10:4." 
 
 Hoph. in'^Sln to be put down-Zech* 
 5: 11. (comp. ban. 7: 4.) Part. m 
 left remaining., spoken of the space 
 between two walls, Ezek. 41: 9,11. 
 
 to rest- 
 
 1. to lay or put dozvn. 1 K. 13:29, .w^^^^, 
 30. especially <o de/7osi7 betore Je- ' ^K"..J' verbal from p^, dec. X. 
 hovah, Ex. 16: 33, 34. Num. 17: 4. i. q. njp:!'', a sprout, snoot, sucker, 
 Ezek. 22: 20 ^nlDnn*} '^rinirT'l Ezek. 17:4. It is a passive form 
 tl25nj< so will I put you (in the fur- with an active signification. (Aram. 
 nacej and melt you. pi3'', p!iD^, }.)ajLj a suckling.) 
 
 2. to erect or setup an idol. 2 K. ^.^^ -^ ^ ^ 
 J 7. 29. p?\ fut. p:^";, to suck, (at the mother s 
 
 3. to remove or transfer (to anoth- breast.) Job 3:12. Construed with an 
 er place.) Ezek. 37: 14. Is. 14: 1. 
 
 2 Chr. 1:14. n?2'4i^2 Triy\ to im- 
 prison, to put under arrest. Lev. 24: 
 12. Num. 15:34. 
 
 accus. Cant.8:l. Joel 2:16. comp.Job 
 20:16. Metaphorically to enjoy. Beut. 
 
 33: 199:'^': a'^732 yC-^P "^3 for they 
 shall enjoy the abundance of the seas. 
 
1D^ 273 tjiD^ 
 
 Is. 60: 16. 66:11, 12. Part, pp'i"' a <o 5i< together and take counsel^ to 
 
 suckling or sucking child^ Deut. 32 : consult. Ps. 2: 2. 31: 14. See ^1D. 
 
 25. Ps. 8: 3. (For the signification Pi- 'l^'^ 1. to found (a building.) 
 
 a 57^ciker,see pp"* .) Josh. 6:'26. 1 K. 16:34. With an 
 
 Hiph. p-'z-'ri 1. to give suck, to accus, of the m^Merinl, I K. 5 : 31 
 
 suckle (a child.') Gen. 21: 7. Ex. 2:7, t^l n^l^ ^P.^?^- ^:?^ ^?.:^ ^ fi^-^ 
 
 9.1 Sam.l:23.Spokenals> of animals, the house li^ith hewed stones For a 
 
 Gen. 32:15. Part. np^r'?. o" ^'^"^ similar construction, corop. n:a. 
 
 suckles, a nurse; with 'suff. inpr??. ? metaphorically <o fl/)poin<, or- 
 
 2K. 11: 12. plur. Dlp-'D^a Is.'is: ^*"- P^. 8: 3. 
 
 '^ J*^ 3. to prepare, estahhsh. Lst. 1:8. 
 
 23. 1 Chr. 9::i2 n^Ti ^D^ tlTail them Da- 
 
 ' 2. metapKorically, to cau.e io en- ^id had established" '" 
 
 Deriv. p2i\ lnp"3r ^ . -; .,, *^ ^^, 
 
 b.^.;.^ ' Construed With an accus.ol the ma- 
 
 q^OJ] ra. and q^t}s: (Is. 34: 11.) a terial, 1 K. 7: 10. 
 
 species of bird, which is mentioned Uoiph. idem. Ezra 3:11. Infin. 
 
 Lev. 11:17. Deut. 14: 16. in con- ''l^^ll the foundation, 2 Chv. 3:3. 
 
 nexion with several waterfowls, Deriv. out of course nDi73,nD^73, 
 
 and in Is. 34: 11, is said to inhabit ^D?3, ^^D^, M'7^0> niO- 
 
 the desert with the raven. Sept. ^'^^ m. verbal from^t5^ a/ount/arion, 
 
 and Vulff. lots. According to Bo- ' . ^ l .i "'/ t^ 
 
 chart (Hieroz. P. 11. p. 231 if.) and metaphorically a 6.^inmn^r. Ez- 
 
 owl from ^m twilight. ra 7: 9. 
 
 1D^ to found or lay the foundation (of '^^^'! ^^^^^^ ^^"^ ^^5:' ^^^- ^- ^- 
 
 a'building.) Ezra. 3: 12. Is. 54 : 1 1. 1^*' f^^^daHon ; e. g of an altar, 
 
 This primary signification is more ^x. 29 :^12. Lev. 4 : 7 ff. Plur. 
 
 frequent in Piel, for in Kal the verb tJ^T^: ^iC 1: 6. and mno^ Lam. 
 
 is used commonly in a meta- 4:11. Ezek. 30: 4. 
 
 phorical sense, as of the founding HI'^D'^ f. verbal from ^D% dec. X. a 
 
 of the earth, Ps. 24: 2. 78: 69 Job f,,^^,,^^,^ p,. 87: 1. "' 
 
 38: 4. of the heavens, Am. 9: 6. - 
 
 2. metaphorically toestablisK ap- "^1^? m. verbal from *^D:j, (after the 
 point, ordain. Hab. 1 : 12 "^til^T form '^123 ,) a censurer, reproacher. 
 in'lD') n'^:3Ttlb O rock, for correc- Job 40: 2 niO"^. ""T^: tZir nhrt shall 
 tion hast thou appointed it {the people the reproacher {of God) contend with 
 of the Chaldees;) compare the ex- the Almighty, (in is the infin. ab- 
 actly parallel member 'oztj^b Jnii-.*^ sol. from n-'n , and is used for the fi- 
 nn?3^i? O Jehovah, for judgment thou ^^^^ ^erb ; comp. Judg. 11: 25.) 
 hast ordained it. Comp. Pi. no. 2. "^^^^ m. verbal from ^^t , (like n^-^^ 
 Ps. 104: 8/0 the place which thou hast from 1*^*),) one who departs. Jer.l7: 
 appointed for them. 13 Kethib "'IPD'^ they who depar^ 
 
 3. to throw up in a heap, to heap from me, for iv-lj C"'-i^lD'i, like *72p 
 p.2Chr. 31:7. (Soring and ft^Ta^) f^r "^^y d^^p.""ln the Keri -^Id" ' 
 
 Comp.'^hJ'/^'''' "^' '" *^'"'''''^* ^\^-l ^^"""^^ ^"^>^ E'^- 30=32 '^D-^: fi<Mr 
 
 T--. , ^ ",' , , , , , , s/m// not be poured. It h^s the pas- 
 
 Niph.-TDIJ l.?o6e>mic;ec/,spok- give signification from ^^r, ^nD, 
 
 en of a kingdom. Ex. 9: 18. Is. 44: ,,., J' ^ ^. ^ '"'' ' ' 
 
 23 (like D^i-^ from C^U3.) Perhaps it 
 
 2. denom. from i^.O (for liD*: ) should be written ^Dn\ 
 
 circle or body of counsellors ; hence C|P|J (in Kal and Hiphil,) fut. Pl"'Di'^? 
 35 
 
^^' 
 
 274 1D^ 
 
 PlDii , P|D>], infin. l.^'^Gin , part. 
 V\OV (Is. 29: 14. 38: 5.) and ^""tDlTZ 
 (Neh. 13:18.) 
 
 1. <o ac?i/, construed with an ac- 
 cus. and ^j^ Lev. 5: 16. 22 : 14. 27: 
 13 ff. Deu~t. 19: 9. or h^., 2 Sam. 24: 
 3. Often used absolutely, to add^ 
 without specifying what is added, 
 Deut. 12:32 5;:jin Npl rb^ RDh ^p 
 Tj1:;'2 thou shall add nothings and take 
 nothing away; comp. 4: 2. Frov. 30: 
 6. Ecc. 3: 14. Hence 
 
 2. to increase^ enlarge^ addere {al- 
 iquid) ad. Ps. 71: 14 }:> "^nODini 
 nn^rin^bs / "wUl increase all thy 
 praise. 115:14. Ezra 10:10. Also 
 construed with ^i^, Ezek. 23: 14. 
 with ^, Is. 26: 15. 'with an accus. 
 Lev. 1*9:25. Job 42: 10 n^Ti^ PlD'l 
 
 T : 1 V 
 
 r;:;*J?2b Si'^^b n^?!:~r3~nN and Je- 
 hovah increased all that Job hadtxsco- 
 fold. Ecc. 1: 18. To increase any 
 thing to a person, is sometimes i. q. 
 to 2;ive or bestow in abundance^ Ps. 
 
 text, Job 20:9. 34: 32. 38: 11. 40: 
 5,32. Ex. 11:6 there has been none 
 like this., qon fi^b ^^ITIDT , namely 
 niTlbj (ind there shall be none again 
 like it. Num. 11: 25 and when the 
 spirit rested upon them they prophesi- 
 ed^ r,5D^ i^b'), namely i^a^nnb, and 
 [afierzaards^ never again. 
 
 Note. The future of this verb is 
 sometimes written PjDJ^^, Ex. 5: 7. 
 1 Sam. 28: 29. On the other hand 
 Sl&i" Ps. 104: 29. 2 Sam. 6: 1. has 
 the signification of j:\Di<, being used 
 for !?]Di<'^. For the imper. Kal we 
 twice tind ;i2D , which, however, 
 with the intin. n^DD, may be deriv- 
 ed from a form inCD. 
 
 Niph. ?)5"f3 1. to be added., to add 
 or join one^s self. Ex. 1:10. Num. 
 36: 3, 4. 
 
 2. to be increased., to increase.^ au- 
 geri divitiis. Prov. 11: 24, 
 
 riP*; Chald. idem. 
 
 20:3 r;;: 
 
 PT^DT 
 
 ;ni 
 
 1': ) 
 
 n^-n?3 
 
 Hoph. p]D^n to he added. Dan. 4: 
 33. [4:36.j" 
 n^'^'n JTub what does a false tongue ,_ww . rr , ^ r . tt . 
 
 7 = ' - / ^ ^ iD^ m Kal only fut. ta^DJi Hos. 10: 
 
 ^ive or bestow upon thee ? comp. ^^^ ^^ 3. j j ^^ j ^^^^ -^-r p^^^^ ^, 
 
 stow upon thee f comp 
 Lev. 26: 21. Ezck. 5: 16. To en- 
 large any thing is sometimes i. q. to 
 exceed, 2Chr. 9:6. comp. 1 K. 10:7. 
 3. Construed with an intin. of 
 another verb, or with a iinite verb, 
 with and without a copula, (e. g. 
 Prov. 23: 35. Is. 52: I. Hos. 1: 6.) 
 it expresses the repetition or contin- 
 uance of an action, and may be ren- 
 dered in English by various adverbs; 
 as (1.) again, once more., a second 
 time. Gen. 4: 2 D'lbh P]P.ri2 ctnd she 
 brought forth again. 8:10, 12. 18: 29 
 Is'l!: 113? RP."^!! he spake yet again. 
 25:1. {2.) further., longer. Gen. 4: 
 12 "^b nnb-nn >it:;n-R"b it {the 
 
 ground) shall no longer yield to thee 
 its fruit. Num.32: 15. Josh. 7: 12. 
 1 Sam. 19:8. 27:4. Is. 47 : 1,5. 
 (3.) more .Gen. 37:5. ?^3\p ^ii> ^SDi'^T 
 inj^ awe? they hatedhimyet more. ver.8. 
 ISam. 18:29. 2Sam. 3:34. The action 
 itself,the repetitionorcontinuance of 
 which is intended, is often omitted, 
 and must be supplied from the con- 
 
 /. Ps. 94: 10. elsewhere in 
 
 Pi. ^S";, fut. ^021, infin. also 
 n^^D-^Lev. 26:18. and niD"^ Ps.118: 
 ISV"" 
 
 1. to instruct., admonish. Prov. 
 9: 7. Job 4: 3. (comp. Hos. 7: 15.) 
 
 Ps. 16: 7 \-ii"b=) ^zri^^^ n'ib'^b-?i?< 
 
 IT : . ; . .. I - 
 
 also by night my reins admonish me, 
 namely, to thankfulness. Used par- 
 ticularly of the admonitions of pa- 
 rents to children, Deut. 21: 18. and 
 of God to men, Deut. 4:36. 8:5. Ps. 
 94: 12. Construed with two accu- 
 satives, Prov. 31: 1. As this admo- 
 nition is often connected with, or 
 contained in correction^ punishment ; 
 hence 
 
 2. to correct, chastise. 1 K. 12: 11, 
 14. Used of the chastisement of 
 children, Prov. 19: 18. 29: 17. and 
 of men by the Almighty, Lev. 26: 
 18, 28. Ps. 6: 2. (The ideas to in- 
 struct and to chastise are, as in He- 
 brew, also united in the words tiw*- 
 deveiv, castigare.) 
 
 i 
 
nip*' 275 b:^^ 
 
 HIph. i. q. Pi. D^.''D"'N Hos.7: 12. Ethiop. "^^"t iotum absumsit.) See 
 
 Niph. 1012 to be warned^ to receive ^^ 
 warning. Lev. 26: 18. Ps. 2: 10. Jer. T2^|J prob. i.q. t]^', ^ound only in Nipb. 
 6: 8. Prov. 29: 19. The form 5115^2 fs. 33: 19 ^sri: q^ a strong or wicked 
 Ezek. 23: 48, is, according to the people. 
 
 present punctuation, an example of 21-^^5?l j^^sc. plur. Tuoods, i.q. a*'-^:?"^. 
 the (Rabbinical) conjugation. Nith- ., 
 
 pa. for n-iDinD. Perhaps it should be Ezek. .34: 25 Kethib. 
 pointed rnO^D. "^P.l and n'^Ti/l a city in the tribe 
 
 Deriv. *iHd% 1D173. of Gad, on the east of Jordan, on 
 
 >^^m.(forn3.-.) verbal from 51^-, dec. the borders of Amrnon Num. 21: 
 - ^ ., '-^ , , , ,"\ , 32. 32:1. Is. 16:8. In Greek Mv9 
 
 I. usually rendered shovel. Vulg. 1 j\iac 5-8 
 
 forceps. (In Arabic some deriva- ^ ,,^ * ' _ , ^, 
 
 ,. r <- T ; \ D5?^ i. q. fia2> io cZoi/ie. Once Is. 61: 
 
 tives from ^^ signify a vessel.) ^-r ^' H- "rJ< ''^ 
 
 Ex. 27: 3. 38: 3. Num. 4: 14. 1 K.7: ^^ '^="^?'!- 
 
 40, 45. lJ*?*; Chald. i. q. Heb. ^2?^ to counsel, 
 
 ^^^, fut '15>'^'. advise. Part, i:^'^ a co.nnseUor or min- 
 
 "' 1. io >;* a/,pozn^ (a time, or ^'^^f'' ^/ *^ ^^""^; , ^^f^ '^n.ln'fi^.n* 
 place.) Jer. 47:7. 2 Snm. 20: 5. ^^^P^' ^ ^^^^"^^ ^"-^^^^'^- ^^"^^* 
 
 2. to appoint (a punishment,) to Deriv. NDy. 
 
 threaten. Mic. 6: 9. 75"^ in Kal not used. Probably to be 
 
 3. to appoint for a wife or concw H^r^i . (.Qj^p. "bi'^ in the compound 
 tine, to betroth, desponsare. Ex.21: V^j^V^. 
 
 8,9. '"Hiph. b"3>iil, 1. to profit, to help. 
 
 Niph. -lyi^ 1. reflex, to come to ^^^^ absolutely, Prov. 10: 2. 11:4. 
 
 ihs place agreed upon with any one, j^^.^ 2: 8 ^Obi^ ^b^'i*^ i^ 5 ""^ni^ they 
 
 to meet with any one: construed virith _ ,,' - '3 J ' ' ,^ v,^^^/rAiMo. 
 
 V, Ex. .5: ...19:42,43. 30:6,36. {t^fe'r In^I^ X^Uh^a 
 
 With bN, Num. 10: 4. J^^-ye ^f ^^e person, Is. 30: 5. Jer. 
 
 2. recipr. to agree upon a place of 23: 32. or of the thing. Job 30: 13 
 meeting, to meet by appointment. :j^'^2?n "^rT^ln^ they help my fall. With 
 Neh. 6: 2, 10. Job 2: 1 1. Amos 3:3. g^jg.' <,y^'- jg, 57, ^g. 
 
 tience j* 
 
 3. to come together generally. ^^ ;*^^"'- f^ '''"'"' ^:'-l'!'[^^^ 
 Josh. 11:5. 1K^8:5. Construed ir^/lT'^Ll 7^ T/f ?;^^^^ 
 with V3^ a^ain.t any one, spoken of ^1 : 1 5 b^^^JJl^. t^/^at shall we gain^ 
 
 conspirators, Num. 14: 35. 16: 11. , ^^- "** ^^' '^^' ^^ 
 
 27: 3. 'P^IJ m.plur. d^b.?^, const, '^.i;^^ ^<^'^- 
 
 Hiph. n''5?rn to appoint for any '"' * '50^ 
 
 one, especially a day for trial. Job b. a wild he-goat, Arab. J^, 
 
 9: 19 '^Dn'":?!"' ""^ quis diem mihi di- comp. Bocharti Hieroz. P.I. p. 915 
 
 cet? Jer. 49:19. 50:44. ff. 1 Sam. 24: 3 Q-^bi;^?! "'ll^ {^ht 
 
 Hoph. 1. to be placed. rocks of the wild goats) proper name 
 
 2. to be directed^ spoken of the of certain rocks in the desert of 
 
 face. Ezek. 21:21. [16.1 Engedi. In Arabic and Hebrew, 
 
 Deriv. JTii?, l^itt, 1^SJ2, tT^^^, the word probably denoted also 
 
 rTISjTO. the chamois-goat. 
 
 TlV^ found only Is. 28 : 17. to clear TOj?'^ fem. ofb5J\ dec. X. awildshe- 
 away, to sweep away. (Arab. (jC^ goat, or chamois ; but used as a word 
 i. q. PlDN to collect, to sweep away; of endearment to a lovely female, 
 
51^ 
 
 276 
 
 ^T 
 
 as the word gazelle is used in Ara- 
 bic. Prov .5:19. The Arabians 
 have the phrase, more beautiful 
 
 than a wild goat ^ ( Vc^*) .) Bochart 
 1. 99. ^ 
 
 |"l!! (^or n:^^) subst. purpose^ airn^ 
 
 5:9. Hag. 1:9. Is. 37: 29. 
 
 2. as a conj. because. Num. 20 
 
 Luth. they "who seek her need not run 
 far. Is. 40: 30, 31. by hard labour, 
 Is. 40: 28. 44: 12. Hab: 2: 13. comp. 
 Jer. 51:58. 
 
 Hoph. Dan. 9: 21 jq^'^r ^^12 being 
 caused to run quickly. Sept. Tc;f6* 
 q:eQOfAvog. 
 
 from the verb JiD^ i.q.Arab.gfAC to ^ipl ^ ^^rbal from V\V^, wearied Ja^ 
 intend, mean, have in view. Hence ti^ued. Is. 40: 29. 30: 4. 
 1. as a prep, on account of . Ezek. tif 
 
 H>^^ m. verbal from ^T", rapid course. 
 
 Dan. 9: 21. 
 
 12. 2 K. 22: 19 often joined with YJ\ fut. V5>^^ imper.twice nisy (from 
 T2:^ because that, (construed with ' ""^ ^ t .~ . ^ ' 
 
 '\ \ T J o o\ I. f V^O Judg- 19: 30. Is. 8: 10. 
 
 a pret.) Judg. 2:20^ so that, (con- ^[ ^^ ^-^^^ to give advice. 2Sam. 
 
 strued with a fut.) Ezek. 20: 15. or 
 with "^D, Num. 11:20. 
 
 3. 
 
 ^'ni 
 
 Lev. 26: 43. Ezek. 
 
 13: 10. and without 1 , 36:3. because, 
 even because, as an intensitive. 
 
 '^^^.?.^. iwfisc epicene. Lam. 4: 3 Keri 
 the ostriches, i.q. nii''^ rii22 , here 
 spoken of the female. Sept. wg 
 GiQOvdiov. Vulg. sicut struthio. (For 
 a parallel in sense, comp.Job39:17.) 
 
 0^,^ fem. of the preceding, but 
 found only in the phrase ns 
 '^^?!\!^ plur nSi'^ ni-Z , the ostrich. 
 Comp. ^ir-i, fem. Tt':^''^. (In like man- 
 ner the ostrich is called in Arab. 
 
 pVX.3^ *i>cvx.3 and i<^lxJ ^^h 
 
 and the latter expression sometimes 
 includes the male.) See Bocharti 
 Hieroz. P. II. p. 230. Lev. 11: 16. 
 Deut.l4:15. This bird inhabits the 
 waste places, Is. 13: 21. 34: 13. and 
 is noted for its doleful cry, Mic. 
 1: 8. Job 30: 29. comp. Shaw's 
 Travels, p. 449, 455. According to 
 others, ihe owl, but in opposition to 
 the ancient versions, and by a false 
 derivation from ?i25?. The word is 
 probably primitive. 
 
 ?|?\ fut. ^^^1, Arab. L-icj. 
 
 1. to run swiftly. See Hoph. and 
 
 Deriv. p^^-i and n'iCirin. 
 
 2. to be weary, fatigued, e. g. by 
 running, Jer. 2: 24 ^t>r^^^ !^b {^*'i??p.573 
 
 17: 11, 15, alson^^; y^^ in the same 
 sense, 16:23. 17:7. Construed with 
 a dative of the person. Job 26: 3. 
 with a suff. Ex. 18: 19. 1 K. 1: 12. 
 
 12: 8, 13. 
 
 2. to take counsel, to purpose, re- 
 solve. Ps. 62: 5. 2 Chr. 25: 16. Con- 
 strued with ]:y, against any one, Is. 
 7:5. 19: 17. and with bfi, Jer. 49: 
 20. ni73t Y^'^ to form evil purposes, 
 Is. 32:7. * ^^ 
 
 3. to consult or provide for any 
 one, consulere alicui. With a suff. 
 Ps. 16: 7. 32: 8 ""r:? 'rr'^lri.' riiti'"'N an 
 elliptical construction for 'J^il^'^N 
 '^Z'^S> ^"^'-S? il?2''i!:ii1 / will consult for 
 thee and direct mine eye to thee, i.e. I 
 will be gracious to thee. (In Old 
 German and Swiss Rath (^counsel) 
 signifies also care, support.) 
 
 4. to predict, foretel. Num. 24:14., 
 
 (In Arab. i2^ to admonish, to in- 
 struct concerning the future.) 
 
 Part, ys^'^ an adviser, Prov. 11: 
 14. 24: 6. hence a counsellor or min- 
 ister of the king, 1 Chr. 27: 32, 33. 
 Ezra 7: 28. 8: 25. (comp. 7: 24, 25.) 
 spoken of the seven principal Per- 
 sian ministers. Hence d"':^^:^'' often 
 parallel with kings, princes. Job 3: 
 14. 12: 17. Is. 1: 26. 
 
 Niph. y^^^ 1. reflex, to receive 
 advice or counsel. Prov. 13: 10. 
 
 2. recipr. to consult together, to 
 advise mutually. Ps. 71: 10. 83: 6. 
 Construed with Dy,l Chr. 13:1. with 
 
riD*^ 277 ^^"^ 
 
 nN, Is. 40: 14. 1 K. 12: 6, 8. with Pu. a rare conjugation formed by 
 
 ^N, 2K. 6: 8. 2Chr. 20: 21. the reduplication of the two first 
 
 *3. to advise^ give counsel. 1 K. 12: radicals, !nS^5^ to be very beautifuL 
 
 6,9. Spoken also of individuals, ro Ps. 45: 3. 
 
 take counsel, 1 K. 12: 28. 2 Chr. 30: Hithpa. to adorn one'^s self. Jer. 
 
 23. 4: 30. 
 
 Hithpa. i. q. Niph. no. 2. Ps.83:4. Deriv. out of course s'^ ,'E^ 
 
 ^ Deriv. n:jr, r^^V'^> n^.!; m. const. iiS-), dee. IX.b. fern. 
 
 '2'p^^^m. [holding the heel., supplanting; Ji*' , const, ns", with suflf. TlS-' , 
 
 comp. Gen. 25: 26. 27: 36. Hos. 12: deV. XI. a. verbal adj. from r^t^\^ 
 
 4.) proper name of the second son j j^-^ gp^^^^ of persons. 2'Sam. 
 
 of Isaac and progenitor of the Isra- ,3. ^ ,4. 25. often with the addi- 
 
 elites. Gen. xxv. l. nps;: "^ri-N ^ion nN-i^a, 1 Sam. 17: 42. or "ni^h, 
 
 </ie Gofi of Jacob, Jehovah^ Is. 2: 3. Gen. 2&:' 17. Also spoken of a"ni- 
 
 Ps. 20 : 2. npS;: rr^s and simply mals, Gen. 41:2 if. of countries, Ps. 
 
 dpy'' the Israelitish people, the Israel- 48: 3. 
 
 ite'sl'i. q. }:fi5-jiI5: ; but used only in ^' proper, suitable, becoming. Ecc. 
 
 the poetical books and in the pro- ^ ' ^^^ 
 
 phets, where it is often parallel 1^^'"^S''] f. Jer. 46: 20. feeaua/w?, af- 
 
 wilh bi^^irJ*; ; comp. f^y. But in \er the form npnjPD, only n qui- 
 
 the historical books we always find escing in the middle of a word 
 
 -^5."^^"? used. Sometimes the peo- should be changed into '^. This 
 
 pie are considered as a single per- circumstance probably has occa- 
 
 son ; e. g. Is. xu. xliii. etc. It is sioned its being divided into two 
 
 comparatively seldom, that it is us- words. 
 
 ed tor the kmgdomof Israel in op- '^^^ j^^ ,^ 3 ^^^^ ^:^^, ^zra 3: 7. in 
 
 position to that of Judah, as Hos. 12: A 1 *r' ^ 1 mr i- 
 
 3. or like Israel in the later books ^"'^^^^ Jonnr,,^ city, on the Medi- 
 
 for the kingdom of Judah, as Obad. te^ranean with a celebrated har- 
 
 2g o ^ hour, in the limits of the tribe of 
 
 I ^ ' Dan ; now called Jaffa. Kelandi 
 
 * 1?" m. plur. &"- and nS dec. Palaestina, p. 864. 
 
 l.""* a wood, forest. Deut. 19: 5. ^^^^ " ^^^^^- ^^'- ^' ^"^ '^:' ^^ P^"^ 
 
 T^ou ir, ir .0 /c - l\^ .u- 1 '^O'^, with suff. T^D-^^ verbal from 
 
 Josh. 17: 15, 18. (Syr. \\h>. a thick- * ' ^ -'^ 
 
 , / r , ^ Titi^, beauty. Ps. 50:2. Ezek. 27: 3 
 
 et.) 'ny^ 'T'r. ^"^ house of the forest., ^'^h'' 
 
 Is. 22: 8." and more fully ^^2 ^^^. ^ '* ^' "^=^' ^?^ ^^ blow,to breathe. 
 
 jian'lrn ^/le Aowse of the forest ofLeb- Found only in Hithpa. to breathe with 
 
 arjo; 'l K. 7: 2. 10: 17. namely, the difficulty, to sigh. Jer. 4: 31. 
 
 arsenal of king Solomon, otherwise HS'' verbal adj. from ^D^ efflans. Ps. 
 
 called P*j:3 Neh. 3: 19. o^ . 10 ^^*^ i^*^^., "^ / 
 
 T ..I'J S^S*^ found only in Hiph. i^'^Diln. 
 
 :..^.,.^- t'vV^ ^if /.^ ^-r^^ '^ 1- '^ ^^^'"^' ^- S-^e ligk' Job 3: 4. 
 
 -5in-n^_^. f. 1 Sam. 14: 27. ahon- ^q. 3 ^sed particularly of Jeho- 
 
 ey-comb, favus melhs. ^ah, to appear in a bright light, to 
 
 jTiS'' , fut. JiD-^\ ;)'^'>i, fo 6e fairJbeauii- ^^ /''"^^ I^eut. 33: 2. Ps. 50: 2. 
 
 M Cant. V 10. 7:1,6. ^^'- ^' ^^'' ^' 
 
 Pi. <o mafee beautiful, to adorn. ^' ^ '""'' ^^ '^'"'- "^^^ ^'7' ^^ 
 
 Jer. IQi 4. HJ^'SD'^ f. verbal from 5?D\ dec. X. 
 
 \l 
 
vS2:^ 
 
 278 
 
 Tl"^ 
 
 brightness^ beauty^ (of a city.) Ezek. 
 28: 7, 17. 
 
 T\^^^ (for ns^ fut. Hiph. from nns io 
 be wide, extended.) proper name of 
 a son of Noah, Gen. 5: 32. 7: 13. 9: 
 18 if. who in Gen. iO: 26, is re- 
 presented as the progenitor of the 
 nations scattered on the North and 
 West of Palestine. Comp &n , and 
 De Wette Kritik der israelitischen 
 Geschichte. Th. I. p. 72. Sept. 
 'Jacfid: Vulg. Japhet. 
 
 ninD'] {he opens) proper name of an 
 Israelitish judge, who, in accord- 
 ance with his vow, sacrificed his 
 daughter to Jehovah. Jndg. 1 1:12. 
 1 Sam. 12: 11. In Greek Vfqp^, 
 'Iscpd^ae. Vulg. Jephtha. 
 
 t^1'^,fut Nii^, imper. &<: , infin. ab- 
 sol. Nbt;; , const. DNiS , to go out, to 
 go forth. Construed with ""^12 of the 
 place left ; also with an accus. like 
 the Lat. egredi urhern^ Gen. 44: 4 
 *^'^ytT"nijt ^Nit"' dirt they -went out of 
 the city. Amos 4: 3 InSMitn D':^S 
 they go out through the breaches. Part. 
 '^'^i'^"'^^$^^' they who go out of the 
 city, Gen. 34: 34. comp. 9: 10. In 
 Amos 5: 3, it is spoken of the ob- 
 ject, out of which something pro- 
 ceeds, (comp. rf^Ti no.5.) thus ^"^^n 
 3^bN DM^i'^n a city which goes out 
 by thousands. The following special 
 significations are worthy of notice ; 
 (1.) to arise, spoken of the sun and 
 stars. Gen. 19: 23. Ps. 19:6. Neh. 
 4: 15. (Antith. NTS.) (2.) to spring 
 up, spoken of plants. Job 5: 6. De- 
 riv. D\^{iNi. (3.) to spring from 
 any one, to be begotten or descended 
 /roTTi him. Gen. 17:6. More frequent- 
 ly with the addition 'rp;ij2 , 1^2)3 , 
 Job 1: 21. Gen. 46: 26. (4.) to ex- 
 pire, to be finished, spoken of time. 
 
 Ex. 23: 16 nrv^tl ^^'^^ at the close 
 of the year. Spoken also of a boun- 
 dary, to run out, to extend itself , Josh. 
 1 5: 3, 4, 9, 1 1 . (5.) lujsrn N2r^ Ex. 
 21: 5. and "'lisnb N^"^ Verse 2. to 
 
 become free. Also simply NiJ*Ex,21: 
 3,4,11. Likewise used of inani- 
 mate things, which in the year of 
 jubilee were restored without com- 
 pensation to their original owners, 
 Lev. 25: 28, 30. (6.) to be laid out 
 or expended, as mone}'. 2 K. 12: 13. 
 (7.) to escape, to be delivered, con- 
 strued with an accus. Ecc. 7: 18. So 
 1 Sam. 14: 41, to escape., in the draw- 
 ing of lots, (antith. ^sr^ to be taken.) 
 
 Hiph. N^'iriri. 1. to bring, lead, 
 or draw forth or out, persons or 
 things. Gen. 24 : 63. Ex. 4 : 6, 7. 
 Also to cause to spring wp, spoken of 
 the earth, Gen. 1: 12, 24. Especial- 
 ly (1.) Jna*! N'':4i!r5 to spread an evil 
 report. Num. 14: 37. comp. Deut. 
 22: 14, 19. (in both cases construed 
 with ir?.) and Neh. 6: 19. (2.) cau- 
 sat. of Kal no. (6.) to lay or charge 
 an expense on any one, construed 
 with ^y. 2K. 15: 20. 
 
 Hoph. to be brought out, Ezek. 25: 
 22. 38:8. 47:8. 
 
 Deriv. N2ii73, n'fiXiJ'fn, D'^NifNli, 
 SiN^r , nNTi:. 
 
 J^^SS:'] Chald. Only in Shaph. Ni:;-^ 
 
 and '^'Z*'^', in the Targums, to bring 
 a matter to an issue, to finish it. 
 Hence N'^^i'^lp Ezra 6:15. Jinw/iecJ. 
 
 12!?*^ i. q. i:3 to place. In Kal not 
 used. 
 
 Hithpa. nii^niri. 
 
 1. to place or present one'^s self. 
 Ex. 2:4. 1 Sam. 17: 16 nii^r^J 
 Di"^ Qiya'lN and he presented himself 
 [for combat) forty days. Job 33: 5. 
 Construed with b^, to riseup against 
 any one, Ps. 2:2. elsewhere iil^nJn 
 ilin"' b^ to present one^s self before 
 Jehovah, wailing for his commands, 
 Jobl: 6. 2: 1. Zech 6: 5. 
 
 2. with :5b and "':S)2, to stand 
 before any one ; either as a conquer- 
 or, Deut. 9: 2. 7: 24. 11:25. Josh. 
 1: 5. or as innocent in a judicial 
 sense. Job 41: 2. [10.] Ps. 5:6. with 
 Cy, 2 Chr. 20: 6. 
 
 '3. with b, to stand by, to assist. 
 Ps. 94:16. ' 
 
:^^^^ 
 
 279 
 
 -)2S^ 
 
 D!S^ Chald. to be certain^ true. 
 
 "*Pa. to tell the truth, Dan. 7: 19. 
 Comp. verse 16. 
 
 !^S*' in Kal not used. 
 
 Hiph. :j''22tl 1. to cause to stand^ 
 to establish. Am. 6: 1 5 ^^'^^ ^^"^22111 
 t32U:^ establish righteousness in the 
 gate. 
 
 2. to leave behind. Gen. 33: 15. 
 
 3. to place^ set ; e. g. persons, 
 Gen. 43: 9. things, 30: 38. 
 
 4. to lay^ spread^ sterner e. Judg. 
 6: 37. Sometimes we find p'^^'n in 
 the same signification, Josh. 7: 23. 
 2 3am. 15:24. 
 
 Hoph. fut. 521.';', to be left behind, 
 Ex. 10: 24. Comp. the verb kin- 
 dred in meaning n*^in. 
 
 "liTilS'' m. oi/. Deut. 7:13. Zech. 4: 
 14 ini2^;i-*':2 the anointed. (Root 
 ^n22 literally to shine ; comp. s^T 
 no. 2.) 
 
 pn^'] (^c /aMg^5 ; comp. Gen. 17: 17, 
 19.) proper name ol" the son of 
 Abraham and Sarah. Gen. xxi-xxviii. 
 More rarely written prjip"; (from 
 pnip to lavgh,) Ps. 105: 9. Jer. 33: 
 26.' Am. 7: 9. In the last passage it 
 is parallel and synonymous with 
 Israel. Sept. *lGauic. 
 
 ^'^Jlr m. proceeding, a passive parti- 
 ciple with an active signification. 2 
 Chr. 32:21. 
 
 ^""V- m. Chald. adj. 
 
 1. rrwe, certain. Dan. 2: 45. 3: 24. 
 ^"^522 1^ certainly, truly, 2: 8. 
 
 2. valid, established. Dan. 6:12 
 ^^^^ see the following article. 
 
 ^*Ji^ to spread for a bed, to lay under, 
 sternere. Part. y^i*^ (1.) a bed, 
 couch. Ps.63:7. Job 17: 13. Also 
 a marriage bed, Gen. 49: 4. (2.) a 
 story, floor. Vulg. tahulatum. 1 K.6: 
 5,6, 10. (in the Keri 5?-'2r\) Ezek. 
 41: 6 ff. The word denotes espe- 
 cially the three stories of side 
 chambers (nn5r^22 ,) which sur- 
 rounded the temple of Solomon. 
 
 Comp. Hirt's Tempel Salome's, p. 
 24,25. 
 
 Hiph. 5*^5451 to spread out, to make 
 for a bed'Ps. *139:8 bi^N'^J ^'^Ht^land 
 if I make hades my bed. Is, 68: 5. 
 
 Hoph. Is. 14: 11 riTa^ ^^:]^ ^rjn^ 
 
 underthee shall worms lie. Est. 4: 13. 
 comp. Is. 58: 5. 
 Deriv. 5?2?3. 
 
 I. pjS% fut. p2';, (once piT-; 1 K.22: 
 35 intrans. it poured itself out,) im- 
 per. p:z sjK. 4: 41. and pij^ Ezek. 
 24:3. infin.np,i. 
 
 1. to pour forth or out, as liquids. 
 Gen. 28: 18. 35: 14.- lutrans. to be 
 poured out. Job 38: 38 when the dust 
 is poured out into a solid mass; 
 i.e. when the dust cleaves together 
 on account of the rain. 
 
 2. to cast metallic vessels or in- 
 struments. Ex.25: 12. 26:37.36: 
 36. pi:i^ molten, cast, 1 K.7:24,30. 
 and so hard, firm, as metal, Job 41: 
 15, 16. [41:23,26.] 
 
 Hoph. plC^rr. 1. to be poured out. 
 Lev. 21: 10."Ps.45: 3. 
 
 2. to be molten or cast, spoken of 
 metal. 1 K. 7: 23, 33. Job 37: 18. 
 Metaphorically pst^ firm,fearless, 
 Job 11: 15. 
 
 Deriv.out of coursep:ti?3, Si|?2i"^ 
 
 II. ps*' found only in Hiph. i.q. ^'^'SJn 
 to place, spread. Josh. 7: 23. 2 Sam. 
 15:24. 
 
 Hips'] f. verbal from p^^ no.I. a pour^ 
 
 ing out or casting. 1 K. 7: 24. 
 I. 12% fut. liCi-;, '-^'jr, also ^\zi Is. 
 
 44: 12. Jer. 1:5 Keri. 
 
 1. to form, make, create, fingere, 
 Is.44: 10,12. Gen. 2:7, 8, 19. Ps. 
 94: 9 y^ ^ZIT*^ he who formed the 
 eye. Ps. 33: 15. 99:5. Hence to 
 make generally, Ps. 74:17. Is.44: 
 21 'b "inyb 'T'nn^i'^ 1 have made 
 thee my servant ; comp. 49: 5. 
 Part. I^ti"' a potter, Ps. 94: 9,20. 
 'ni^f"' 1^3 an earthen vessel , Ps. 2:9. 
 
 2. metaphorically to imagine, de- 
 vise, 2 K. 19:25. Jer. 16: 11. Ps', 
 94: 20. 
 
r\1'^ 280 Dp-- 
 
 Niph. pass. Is. 43: 10. 1i;N2 ^^'1 n-J^rr Josh. 8:19. Jer. 
 
 Pu. 12' to be appointed, destined. 32: li9. Vr wiihout :;N2, Jer. 51:50. 
 
 Ps. 139:16. ^i?.!^.m. dec. VI. a. 1. the wine-fat, 
 
 Hoph. i. q. Niph. Is.54:17. i'noXvpiov, lacus, into which the 
 
 II. '1^*' i. q, "-^ns, but used intrans. wine flowed from the press. Joel 'i: 
 
 to he straitened. Found only in the 24. 4: 13. [3: 13.] Prov 3: 10. It 
 
 fut. -12:% plur. :in2% Prov. 4:12. Is. was usually dug into the ground or 
 
 ^rt ,.^""t u ,n '"r-i u A hewed into the rock, Is. 5: 2. 
 
 49: 19. Job 18:7. Elsewhere used ^ . . .^ Lkoi.h 
 
 n -v ^. - /. . -4 2. the press Itself. Job. 24:11. 
 
 impersonally ib 12i*T he was strait- i ^^ ^ 
 
 ened, (in the preterite ib 12? from ^'^.'^T-F-'l ^^"'^ ^*^^ ^''''^*^^) ^^^' ^^ 
 in:2;) signifying (1.) he was in 25. i. q. b&j:.:i3p. Josh.l5: 21. 2 Sam. 
 trouble, it went ill with him. Judg. 23: 20. proper name of a city in 
 2: 15. 10: 9. Job 20: 22. (2.) he was the south purt of the tribe of Judah. 
 
 disir&ssec/. Gen. 32:8. Also in the fern- k-^* 
 
 r ., 1 . .X , ic h^ ' , fut. ^p" Is. 10:16. and ip*^"^ 
 
 inme form used as a neuter, 1 bam. ' r ' - '- 
 
 30:6. (3.) Ae took it ill. 2 Sam. 13:2. ^eut. 32: 22. to kindle, to burn. 
 
 ^*w . , ^ . , , /- * Hoph. Ip'^n fo 6urn, to be kin- 
 
 n^:. m. with suff. T12-:, verbal from ^^,^ ^ev. 6: 2, 5, 6. [6 : 9, 12, !3.1 
 
 i:^;^ no. I. dec. VI. g. Used metaphorically of anger, Jer. 
 
 iT something formed by an artifi- 15: |4. 17:4. 
 
 cer, a for my frame. Is.29:16. Hab. 2: Deri v. out of course ipi, lip". 
 
 _ *. -r : M^^ Chald. jJcm. Part. fern. ^{^^P"' 
 
 /or rte ffnoii?5 our/rame, I. e. how and *,, ^ , t^ o /-^ Vt' 
 
 u r - rr.^ andJiDT^p" burning. Dan. 3:6, 11, 
 
 whereof we are lormen. ^ x r.r o ' ' 
 
 2. metaphorically an imagination, ' " ' 
 
 thought, or device, (of the heart.) il ij;^^ f.Chald. verbal from np^iofturn- 
 
 Gen.8:21. 6:6- Deut.31:21. Is. ina! Dan. 7: 11. 
 
 26: 3 ri^720 Is;; -whose thoughts are -.-^i, r r iu n u c i u 
 
 ' ^ '" nMi"" f. (with Dagesh forte eupho- 
 
 ~ ^^" nic.) obedience. Gen. 49: 10. Prov. 
 
 y^n!^^ masc. plur. Job 17: 7. /orms >.,/ 
 
 or /on (of the body.) Vulg. mem- ^0: 17. (Root Arab. ^3j to obey.) 
 ^^^^' "^^Pl ' verbal from ip^, a burning. 
 
 T\Tl found only in the fut. r)ll\ ls-*10: 16. 
 
 1. to set o^re,conslrued with a. tZ'^P'] m. verbal from Sip, whatever ex- 
 Is. 9: \1. ists or is ^ a substance. Gen. 7: 4,23. 
 
 2. pass. <o 6e 6rng</, as in Niph. Deut 11*6 
 
 Is. 33: 12. Jer. 40: 2. 51:58. (The ,:l^. * * * ^ . ^, , 
 
 form ^22"^ has a Dagesh forte eu- ^\l ^os. 9 : 8. and u;:ip; Ps. 91:3. 
 
 phonic, like wn-^ Job 21: 13.) Prov. 6: 5. Jer. 5: 26. m. a fowler. 
 
 Niph. pret. niD. Ro^^t. uJfi:. The form -^np: '^ prop- 
 
 1. ro 6c burned^'or laid waste by erly an active participal form, the 
 fire Jer 2- 15. 9:9 11. other is a passive form with an ac- 
 
 2. io be kindled, spoken of anger; ^ive signification. 
 
 construed with z against any one, 2 "juDp*^ proper name of a son of Heber 
 
 K. 22: 13, 17. gjj^ descendant of Shem, Gen. 10: 
 
 Hiph. rr'HiTinonly 2 Sam. 14:30 2?, 26. from whom many Arabian 
 
 Keth. elsewhere rP:n to set on fire. tribes were derived. Gen 10:26-50. 
 
 These phrases are used indiscrim- ^y {^^ Arabian writers he is called 
 
 inately, 2 ti< n^2:n Jer. 17:27. 21: (jU2Jsn*3 Kachtan. See Bocharti 
 
 14. orwilhVs, Jer. 11:16. and Phaleg. iii. cap. 15. 
 
np^ 
 
 281 
 
 iJ-1'' 
 
 1*'p^'^ m. verbal adj. from '^.JP'' , dear^ 
 beloved. Jer. 31:20. 
 
 ^'fP_ adj. Chald. 1. hard. Dan. 2: 11. 
 2. mighty, honoured, noble. Ezra 
 4: 10. 
 
 3?jP^ ouly in the fut. i^p;-;, i. q. 5?p2. 
 
 1. <o 6e wrenched, dislocated, or 
 pwi OMi q/' joint, luxari, spoken of 
 members of the body. Gen. 32:26. 
 
 2. metaphorically to be alienated 
 or removed from any one, construed 
 with "JXJ and *^i?tt. Jer. 6: 8. Ezek. 
 23:17,* 
 
 1 K. 5: 31 . 7:9 ff. Ps. 45: 10 kings'^ 
 daughters T^^rn^p'^Z were among thy 
 beloved ; (the Dagesh is euphonic.) 
 Ps. 36 : 8 VT^n^k '^I'^.tJl "^^^-^^^ 
 how precious is thy grace, O God. 
 116:5. comp. 72: 14. 
 
 3. magnificent, majestic. Job 31: 
 26. 
 
 4. rare. 1 Sam. 3: 1. 
 
 5. Prov. 17:27 n^'n "^pj] Keri 
 perhaps quiet of spirit, after the 
 Arab. #.5* to be quiet. In the Ke- 
 thib n;i-| ^pj]. 
 
 Hiph. ?7.irs to suspend or nail "^j;'] m- ( with Kamets impure,) ver- 
 up on a stake, avaoY.oXonl^eiv, as a ^^* from np^, dec. I 
 
 punishment to crimmals, perhaps 
 literally to dislocate the limbs. Num. 
 25:4. 2 Sam. 21:6,9, 12. 
 
 Yj<^ only in the fut. Vj^""^, yjP"; , once 
 VlV^- Gen. 9 : 24. to awake. Gen. 
 28:16.41:4,7. For the preterite, 
 y'plri Hiph. of yrip is used. 
 
 nP\fut. 
 
 worth, costliness. Prov. 20: 15. 
 Used as a concrete, iJ^'^'-blD every 
 precious thing. Job 28:10. Jer. 20:5. 
 
 2. honour, respect. Ps. 49: 13, 21. 
 Est. 1:20. 
 
 3. magnificence, splendour. Est 1: 
 4. Ps. 37: 20 D'<-)S nj?*: i/c 5p/en- 
 (ioMr of the fields. 
 
 K iiui. np'^'', also '^p^"' Ps. 72:14. -\^h /-,. ,i . ^ ^i t^ 
 ' -^ . I- ' '- - Ip^ m. Chald. 1. costly thinss.Dan. 
 
 and ^p2 Ps.49: 9. '-* :^ a 
 
 \ to be heavy, difficult. Meta- 
 phorically to be incomprehensible Ps. 
 139: 17. Comp. Dan.2: 11. 
 
 2. to be dear, costly, precious. Ps. 
 49: 9. 1 Sam. 26: 21 rr'ip; T^JwN}. 
 ^"^r.^I^^i "'^SD: because my life was 
 dear to thee., i. e. because thou spar- 
 edst it. 2K. 1: 13, 14. Ps. 72 : 14. 
 Zech. 1 1 : 13 i^e price "Ti'np^ ^'XN 
 ^'I'^c.?^. ^^ "vohich I was valued by 
 them. 
 
 3. to be honoured, respected. 1 Sam. 
 18:30. 
 
 Hiph. ^"^pVn to make rare* (See 
 the adj.no.4.) Is.l3:12. Prov. 25:17. 
 Deriv. out of course 'T'p^ 
 
 ")p^> fem. 
 
 np^ 
 
 verbal adj. from 
 
 np' 
 
 1. heavy. See the verb. 
 
 2. dear, cosily, precious. liJ"? 
 tTlp*; used collectively cosily stones, 
 i. e. either precious stones, 1 K. 10: 
 2,10,11. or valuable stones for 
 
 2:6. comp. Is. 3: 17. 10:3 Targ. 
 2. honour, majesty. Dan. 2:37. 4: 
 27, 33. [4: 30, 36.] 
 
 vSp'J, 1 pers. "^nipp; , i. q. tp_l and 
 'C'^p , to lay snares, Ps. 141: 9. Jer. 
 50:24. For the fut. we find '\V^p'} 
 from ::^p. Is. 29: 21. Part. uJJ^i"' a 
 fowler, Ps 124:7. 
 
 Niph. uipis to be ens7iared, taken, 
 Is. 8: 15. to ensnare one^s self, Froy. 
 6:2. Ps.9: 17. Metaphorically to be 
 seduced, Deut. 7: 25. 
 
 Pu. part. C''UJ|Pn"' for a">"i:;?ra en- 
 snared. Ecc. 9:12. 
 
 Deriv. -rpitt, uiip"'. 
 
 PJ^np*^ 1. proper name of a city in 
 the tribe of Judah. Josh. 15: 38. 
 
 2. the name, which king Ama- 
 ziah gave to Selah, an Arabian 
 city which he took. 2 K.14:7. As 
 an appellative, perhaps prcemium 
 Dei, from ^^^ constituit ; Ethiop. 
 conj. IV. constituit prcemium. 
 
 building,2Chr.3:7. So n^^^?. D'lzSwN Nil ^ fat. t^n"*^ , imper. N">'^ , infin, 
 
 r. 
 
^^T 
 
 282 
 
 ST 
 
 nS^ Josh. 22 : 25. and with ^, JSh^. 
 for j^i"^}: 1 Sam. 18 : 29. elsewhere 
 uniformly fem. ns^J^.";. 
 
 1. to fear^ to be afraid. b^ 
 ayr) fear not^ Gen. 15:1. 21:17. 
 Construed with an accus. of the 
 person /caret/, Num. 14: 9. 21: 34. 
 with J7J, Deut.l: 29. and "psT: Josh. 
 11: 6. On the contrary with ^ of 
 the person or thing for which one 
 fears, Josh. 9: 24. Prov. 31:21. 
 Construed with b and "^12 before an 
 inficiitive,ro be afraid to do any thing, 
 Gen. 19:30. 46:3. 
 
 2. to honour^ fear, reverence^ reve- 
 reri; e. g. one's parents, Lev. 19:3. 
 the general, Josh 4:14. the sanctu- 
 ary, Lev. 19:30. an oath, 1 Sam. 14: 
 26. Hence t:^^7w\ n^C i^?-^' to fear 
 God^ whether in a more natural, 
 Ex. 14:31. I Sam. 12: 18. or in a 
 more spiritual sense, Ex. 1:17. 
 Prov. 3: Ifear God, and depart from 
 evil. Job 1:9. In this h\t<er sense 
 it is equivalent to being virtuous., pi- 
 ous. Sometimes without D'^.Tpi^.i 
 Jer. 44: 10. 
 
 Niph. iX^i2 to be /eamZ. Ps. 130:4. 
 Part. N^T5 {l.)fearful,terrible.Deut, 
 1:19. 8:'l5. Joel 2: 11. 3:4. [2:31.] 
 (2.) worthy of reverence., holy. Gen. 
 28:17, (3.) wonderful., great ^ noble. 
 Ps. 66 : 3,5. Ex. 15: 12. Plur. 
 niJ^'liS wonderful deeds, as of men, 
 Ps. 45: 5. but partlcularlv of God, 
 Deut. 10:21. 2 Sam. 7: 23. Used al- 
 so as an adv. in a wonderful manner, 
 Ps. 139:14. (comp. riTN^^S?:.) 
 
 Pi. iJ?'!'' to terrify^ to make afraid. 
 2 Sam. 14: 15. 
 
 Deriv. out of course Nni^. 
 
 i^T m. const, i^^"^, verbal adj. from 
 in;, dec. V. e. 
 
 1. fearing. Joined with personal 
 pronouns it forms a periphrasis for 
 the finite verb, as ^i:M i^n"" / fear, 
 Gen. 32: 12. d'^i^'l^ ^'^l^. ^^ fi^^^ 
 1 Sam. 23: 3. i^^-j :i2:\N} Ae/ear^no^, 
 Ecc. 8: 13. It is construed in a sim- 
 
 ilar manner with the verb, as N^^ 
 InTn*; inii, fearing Jehovah, 2 K. 4: 1. 
 2. more as an adj. fearfid. Deut. 
 20:8. D^^rrVi^:. i^^^" fearing God, Gen. 
 22:12. Jobl: 1,"8. 2:3. 
 li^"l'^ f. dec. X. 1. strictly an infin. 
 from j^^, asNeh.l:ll -ni< rTN^-b 
 "ri^;lj to fear thy name. 2 Sam. 3: 
 
 1 r in^ inij^^,^^ because he feared 
 him. 
 
 2. as a subst./ear. Ps. 55: 6. Jon. 
 l:l0nbinA nii^^i 'D^'pz^n ikX'^'^tl 
 
 and the men feared exceedingly, 
 AVith suff. '^^nj^-}^ the fear of thee, 
 Deut. 2: 25. and in an active signifi- 
 cation. Job 4: 6. 
 
 3. holy fear, reverence. Ps. 2:11. 
 5:8. r^^^J^ ^i^^l the fear of Jeho- 
 vah, virtue, religion, piety. Prov. 
 
 1: 7 nn rP'JiN^. n^rr: n&j'j'; the 
 
 fear of Jehovah is the beginning of 
 wisdom. Job 28 : 28. Also religion 
 objectively considered, truths of 
 religion, Ps. 19 : 10. Also without 
 Jliri"^, Job 4:5. 15: 4. 
 
 4. dreadfulness. Ezek. 1:18. 
 
 ST i. q. H""*!"^ an adversary, inn"^ ^1:)2 
 Hos. 5: 13. 10:9. the hostile king. 
 According to others: the revenger, 
 for ib i'^n'^ ^'4Pi^ one who contends, 
 Vulg. idtor. Chaid. idem. Others : 
 the great or mighty king, (comp. Syr. 
 
 t.::i{j to be great, mighty,) as a title 
 of the Assyrian kings ; comp. 2 K. 
 18:19. 
 
 "P^Hj"; m. (for b^n ii^; Baal con- 
 iends,see Judg. 6: 32.) the name, 
 which Gideon bears from Judg. 6: 
 32. onward; for which we also find 
 n^27l"' (the idol contends) 2 Sam. 
 11: 21, an interpretation of the 
 other name. Sept. 'kgofivcccl. Comp. 
 nv:2 2:\\ and b^^'vpfi^- 
 
 iD^!!!"!'^ m. (read Yarobeam, for nh; 
 
 C5!' the people are many.) 
 
 ^\. Jeroboam, the son of Nebat, 
 first king of the ten tribes, and au- 
 
T 
 
 283 
 
 HT 
 
 thorof the worship of the golden 
 calves. IK. 12: 14. 
 
 2. son of Joash, likewise king of 
 Israel. 2 K. 14:2429. 
 
 *7*)\ fut. n^.;*. and "i^^i 'Tl!.^ more 
 
 44: 11. Num. 1:51. 4:6. to cast 
 down, Hos. 7: 12. to bring dozvn a 
 citadel, Prov. 21: 22. to conquer a 
 people, Prov. 21: 22. 
 
 Hoph. n^in pnss. of Hiph. Gen. 
 
 . ,, 39: 1. Is. 14~ 11 ff. 
 
 rarely "in^l, imper. Ti, mn, mhn. ^..^^ 
 absol. nh'-^'CC^en. 43:20'*) otrce mn > It '!! proper name, Jo rt/aji, the larg- 
 
 I. n 
 
 Gen. 48: 52. infin. const, n^n, with' 
 sufi'. "^nn-). 
 
 1. <o o-o down, to descend. Fre- 
 quently io go from a higher to a low- 
 er country ; hence used constantly 
 of a journey into Egypt, Gen. 12: 
 10. 26: 2 ff. into Phifistia and the 
 country on the sea, 1 Sam. 13:20. 
 23: 4, 8,11. towards the south, 1 
 Sam. 25:1. 26:2. 30: 15. or from 
 a city, (considered as placed on an 
 eminence,) Ruth 3:3, 6. 1 Sam. 9: 
 27. The place to which one goes 
 slands with b,}:i<, {^_,or in the accus. 
 Ps. 55: 16 D'^^.n i^ifi^'Np n^'l."; let them 
 descend alive into hades. Job 7: 9. 
 17: 16. 33: 24. Hence Part, -"^tl")'' 
 *nii theij who go down into the pit, 
 Prov. 1:12. 
 
 2. spoken of inanimate objects ; 
 as of a road, to lead down, Prov. 7: 
 27. of a boundary, to extend down or 
 southwardly, Num 34: 11, 12. Josh. 
 1 8: 1 3 ff. of the day, to decline, Judg. 
 19. 11. of streams, to flow down, 
 Deut. 9:21. By a common idiom 
 of the Hebrew language, it is also 
 spoken of the object /ro/n which 
 any thing flows down, as Lam. 3: 
 48 "^r^ I'ln D*;^ "abs mine eye 
 
 jlows down in streams of water. 1:16. 
 
 Jer. 9:17. 13:17. 14: 17. Ps. 119: 
 
 136. Comp. Is. 15:3"^S^2 1^^ he 
 flows down in tears. 
 
 3. to fall ; spoken of a wall, 
 Deut. 28: 62. of a wood which is 
 felled, Is. 32: 19. Zech, 11:2. of a 
 besieged city, Deut. 20: 20. Meta- 
 phorically to fall, in wealth in out- ^ j^^n f^^^j ^^i i Hiph. Si^nrt. 
 ward circumstances, Deut. 28: 43. '^ _ -^ ^^ ' 
 
 Hiph. n-'nin 1 . to make to go down, 1- ^'^ *^^' ^*^^c^- ^n- 46- 28. 
 to bring down, either persons or Prov. 6: 13 rnb^anCNn .^^^b makmg 
 things. Gen. 37: 25. 43: 10, 21. to let signs with his fingers. Construed 
 down, (by a cord,) Josh. 2: 15, 18. with two accus. Ex. 15:25. 
 to lei or take dowuy Gen 24: 18, 46. 2. to instruct, teach,, x. 35:34. 
 
 est river of Palestine, commonly 
 with the article, in Gveekfogdav- 
 Tig. Root ^^'^ to flow down, comp. 
 
 Syr. J5J.J a sea. "y^^l yi^ the 
 country on the Jordan, Ps. 42: 7 . By 
 the Arabians it is now called El 
 Sharai, {the ford.) 
 
 fn^^, infin. inh^, ni'T^, and J^i'n'] 
 2 Chr.26: 15. imper. r^y^, fut. r^yy 
 
 1. to throw, cast, Ex.' 15:4. as a 
 lot, Josh. 18: 6. an arrw, 1 Sam. 
 20: 36, 37. Ps. 11: 2. 64: 5. Num. 
 21: 30. Part. n'll"> an archer, 1 
 Chr. 10: 3. 
 
 2. to found, fundamenta jacere. 
 Job 38: 6. to raise (a monument,) 
 
 Gen. 31: 51. (So Syr, \^^ to throw 
 
 and to found.) 
 
 3. to sprinkle, to wet.Uos. Q: 3. 
 (So many other words, e. g. p'lt to 
 throw and to sprinkle. )FaTt. ^\']'^the 
 early rain, (see art. tTiT"*.) 
 
 Niph. to be shot through with ar- 
 rovos. Fut. r^y] Ex. 19: 1.3. 
 
 Hiph. ."Tiin 1. as in Kal, to 
 throw, cast, i oh 2>0: 19. Especially 
 to shoot an arrow, 1 Sam. 20: 20, 36. 
 Fut. apoc. '-li^l 2 K. 13: 17. Part. 
 ITli^ an archer, 1 Sam. 31:3. It is 
 found with the Aramean orthogra- 
 phy, 2 Sam. 1 1 : 24 D'^i<'172^T ^H^^^l 
 and the archers shot ; comp. 2 Chr. 
 26: 15. 
 
 2. to sprinkle, t&het. Part. In'litt 
 i. q. nii"^ the early rain., Joel 2: 23. 
 Ps. 84: 7. 
 
11'^ 284 '-p^ 
 
 Mic. 3: 11. Construed with an ac-^t^.^^^^ ^^^ t^^td^^ Chald.ic/ct/,. 
 
 cus. of the person, Job b: 24. 8:10. ": : 
 
 12: 7,8. with an accus. of the thing, Dan. 5: 2. 6: 1 1. Ezra 4: 8. 
 
 Is.9: 14. Hab.2:lB. Hence with n^^ m. prim. dec. V. a. the moon, 
 
 two accus. Ps. 27: 11. 8t):ll. 119: ''-^ ,^^ ^ -p, . , m V no r:. 
 
 c *. r ,u n T u.>^ 11 Gen. 37: 9. Dent. 4:19. Ps. 72: 5 
 
 33. with a of the thinsr, Job 2^: 11. . .. i / r ^u 
 
 ' rt'li "^acb before the moon was. 
 
 Fs. 25:8, 12. 32:8. more rarelv -"' " ' "^ 
 
 with ^N, 2 Chr. 6: 27. or 173, Is. 2: 3. Hn;^. m. denom. from n^ ' ^^^- ^*-"- 
 Mic. 4: 2. With a dative of the 1. a month., a Hebrew lunar month. 
 
 per.son and an accus. of the thing, 1 K. 6:37, 38. 8:2. 
 Deut. 33: 10. Hos. 10: 12. 2. Gen.lO:26.a country of Arabia. 
 
 Note. These two significations See Bocharti Phaleg, Iib.3.cap.l9.p4 
 nos. 1 and 11. are probably connect- 124. J.D. Michaelis Spicileg.Geogr. 
 ed; see Gesenius' Auszug, V^orrede, Ilebr. exterae, T. 11. p. 160. 
 
 . P-^^'- HT. Chald.a month. Ezra 6: 15. 
 
 ^i^'^'l'^ proper name of a desert, ;,^^^ ^ , . ^ , ^ 
 
 " V . , nrn on IP T / in P Num. 22: l.also m"^^^ Josh.2: 
 
 mentioned only 2 Chr. 20: 16. Lit- -t 
 
 eraliy dwelling of God; see |' ^^ 3. and Jlh^n^~l K. IC^: 34. Jer- 
 
 iD'^^Ui^'^"'. icho^ a celebrated city of Palestine, 
 
 h^^-,*^ ' ' I 1 r -.^^ , ^ not far from Jordan and the Dead 
 
 yir m. verbal irom P'n^, (q. v.) ^u * i r r> a 
 
 T I J, ? ^ 1- sea, in the tribe of Benjamin, and 
 
 something green. Job 39: 8. the mostfruitful part of allPalestine. 
 
 i37"ip^1'; and D'^^dl")'; , a proper ^^y^ ^^^^y^ ^^ ^g corrupt, perverse. 
 name, Jerusalem., the chief city of ^ii^ 
 
 Palestine, situated on the borders (Arab. Idjs^ to throw down, to ruin.) 
 of the tribes Judah and Benjamin. -^^^^ 22: 32. The Samaritan 
 The latter form Dtb'^^n^ predom- text has, by way of gloss, 2^'in. 
 
 inates in the later writings of the *-|H-^^ , , .^ ^^^ , ,|r 
 
 TT 1 II- \ f r.. iUr. -I m. verbal from n""^, dec. 111. a. 
 
 Hebrews, and is derived from the -t ' 
 
 other form which should be point- an opponent^ adversary. Ps. 35:1. 
 
 ed DV^nn> (comp. the Chald.) So Jer. 18: 19. Is. 49: 24. 
 
 out of i^^^j^lj, j'n^"^, vvas formed n^?'^"!'^ f. dec. X. a covering, curtain. 
 
 "ll'yJzt; out of -jinsi!, 'J'^tl^??- '^^^ Especially (1.) the covering of a 
 
 Masoretes, being familiar only with t<^nt. Is. 54 : 2. Jer. 4 : 20. 49 : 29. 
 
 the latter form, have given an er- Spoken of the curtains of the tab- 
 
 roncous punctuation to the ancient. ernacle of the congregation, Ex, 
 
 On the Jewish medals both modes 26: 1 fi'. 36: 8 ff. (2.) carpet, tapes- 
 
 of spelling occur. The significa- ^^'Vi Cant. 1:5. 
 
 tion of this proper name is people ^n^ f, const, r]^.:, with suff. '^D^.';, 
 
 or dwelling of peace ; namely, n'n'', ^j^^ y ^ 
 
 5 c 
 
 .1 r.. _* . 7 V + 1- thivh flip loins. Gen. 24 : 2. 
 
 1. q. Arab. OO^ =t3^n72 rjeople.hMt x^ , ^ '. ' ' ^ ^ .. ? l 
 
 perhaps in Heb. a dwelling, (hence ^^.^^ ^^^ ^y 'g^ iJg of Jacob, I e. 
 
 i^i^n'*,^ divelling of God; comp. Arab. those descended from him. Gen. 46: 
 
 ^''i 26. Jud. 8: 30. 
 
 JA) people, literally a tent, dwell- 2. side, e. g. of the tent, Ex. 40: 
 
 ing,) and 'a\p peace. The abbre- 22, 24. of the altar. Lev. 1: 11. 2 
 
 viation Dr/li "(q. v.) may be the K. 16:14. (In the feminine form 
 
 more ancie'^nt appellation, and on ^^1^ or mS^], this is thepredom- 
 
 that account retained in poetry. In inant meaning; comp. the Greek 
 
 Greek' Je^ovaalrjfi and 'leQaaolv^a. ^inQog and the Pleb. S^bi:.) 
 
^T 
 
 285 
 
 3. that part of a candlestick 
 where the main shaft(r3p)receives 
 the feet. Ex. 25: 31. il: 17. 
 
 Dual d^iDn"; Ex. 28 : 42 Ci'::n?273 
 CS'l'^ '15''T from the loins even unto 
 the thighs. The word denotes here, 
 as elsewhere, the lower part of the 
 hip., or upper part of the thigh ; but 
 d'^:n)3 denotes the upper part of the 
 hip.^ including the small of the back, 
 : 2. 
 
 27: 1. Dan. 9 
 
 Off^f?, coxa. Cant. / 
 nlDI*^ or T'i'DI^ fern, of ^-i 
 
 used 
 
 only of inanimate objects, a side, as 
 of a country. Gen. 49; 13. 
 
 Dual D';ns^;], const, "'ns'i;] . 
 
 1. the side., (losing its dual signi- 
 fication, like d^Et? .) Ps. 48 : 3 
 jiDli 'nS^:: the north. Especially 
 the hinder, i. e. the western, side ; 
 e. g. of the tabernacle of the con- 
 gregation, Ex. 26 : 23, 27. (so 36: 
 27, 28, 32.) of the temple, 1 K. 6: 
 16. Ezek. 46: 23. 
 
 2. the hindmost^ innermost., deepest 
 part generally, recessus. 1 Sam. 24: 
 4 !n^^7i5il 'n^^;; the back part of the 
 cave. Is. 14: 15 and Ezek. 32:23 
 ^in '^03^2 ^^^ deepest parts of the 
 pit. Am. 6: 10 and Ps. 128: 3 "^ns^t 
 rr^SJl the innermost part of the house. 
 
 Jer. 1 : 1. 27: 1. Dan. 9: 2. Sept. 
 'JeQefAiag. 
 
 I. V'y^ i. q. ^!i^ . Found only in the 
 fut.^i/^'n;;, the preterite Kal 5?^ be- 
 ing supplied from y?l (which 
 wants the fut.) and the Hiph. ^j^rs 
 from the root 5?yn. 
 
 1. to be evil, wicked. The fol- 
 lowing constructions are worthy of 
 notice; (1.) "^b ^"^l it shall go ill 
 with me. Ps. 106.: 32. (2.) ^'^^.T 
 ^D^ija it appeared ill to me, it dis- 
 pleased me. Gen. 21: 11. 38:10. 48: 
 17. 1 Sam. 8: 6. Construed with V, 
 Neh. 13: 8. and with the intensitive 
 addition rbin:\ !n5>"l, Neh. 2 : 10. 
 
 T T t' 
 
 Jon. 4:1. In a different construction 
 1 Chr. 21 : 7 D^Ji'bNin "'?.''i:a ^"^H 
 
 ^T.n ^^l^l -^ "^ '^^^^ thing dis- 
 pleased God. (3.) to be envious, 
 spoken of the eye. Deut. 28: 54. 
 
 2. to he sad. (Opposite of ^D"', 
 ;ait3 to be joyful.) Spoken of the 
 countenance, Neh. 2:3. of the 
 heart, 1 Sam. 1:8. Deut. 15: 10 
 ib "^rini ^n:nj 5?^;; t<? let it not 
 
 grieve thy heart to give to him. In 
 verse 9, the same is expressed of 
 the eye. 
 
 3. to be pernicious^ hurtful^^ con- 
 strued with b. 2 Sam. 20 :^6. 
 
 Jon. 1: 5. Jud. 19: 1, 18 -^rt -^nS^^ ^^' ^'T ^' ^' ^^'^^' j^ ^"^ /^ 
 ti^-\'Zii [ivoh. the innermost regions of to be fearful., distressed. Is. 15:4 
 mo'uni Ephraim, as in 2 K. 19: 23. ''' ^^^X "^^^5 his heart is distressed. 
 3. the remotest countries. "'nS'n'' '^^^^ ^^^^ ^^ distinguished from no. 
 ^ic:j the remotest countries of ''the ^' ^^' ^^'"^ "'^^ ^" '^^ preterite. 
 
 north, Is. 14: 13. y^i< ^^.^^^ the j' 
 remotest countries of the earth., Jer. 
 6:22. 25:32. (Comp. y^i^TJ ni5:3.) 
 
 rO")^ f Chald. thigh. Dan. 2: 32. 
 
 riia")^ proper name of a city in the 
 
 plain of the tribe of Judah, ancient- 
 ly the seat of a Canaanitish king. 
 Josh. 10: 3. 12; 11. 15: 35. Neh. 
 11 :29. 
 
 ^!)'^.1'! and ^111^73^1 (for ijln^ Tiiy-^l 
 literally Jehovah throws., e. g. the I' 
 lightning,) proper name of a cel- 
 ebrated prophet, son of Hilkiah. 
 
 Pl*^ to SI 
 
 't. In the preterite Num. 
 2:14. Deut. 25 : 9. In the infin. 
 absol. Num. 12: 14. The future is 
 formed from pjD*i . 
 
 pn^ m. dec. IV. a. greenness. 2 K. 19: 
 26. Especially an herb., vegetable, 
 ,as p'^^" 1^^ a garden of vegetables, 
 Deut7ll:10. IK. 21:2. nn'lJ^ 
 P^"^ a portion or dish of herbs, Prov. 
 15:17. (Syr. |.)f j , |.JQ.Dp an 
 herb.) 
 
 ^\!. ^' greenness, verdure,foliage. Ex. 
 10:15. iipy p^.^-b3 every green 
 herb, Gen.*l:30. 9:3;' 
 
tDT 
 
 286 
 
 nta'i 
 
 llpn/, m. 1. paleness of countenance^ 
 perhaps literally the greenish yel- 
 low or whitish death colour, which 
 the Greeks call ^},coQ6g. Comp. 
 foxQog. Jer. 30:6. 
 
 2. jaundice, blasting or withering 
 of plants. Dent. 28: 22. 1 K. 8: 37. 
 
 Am. 4: 9. (Arab. U^-V-:> idem.) 
 p'np'l'] m. i. greenish, yellowish, /Aw- 
 QtCcov, spoken of clothes infected 
 with the leprosy. Lev. 13:49. 14: 
 37. 
 
 2. yellowness, yellow colour of gold. 
 Ps. 68 : 14. 
 
 tiT and tdT, fnt. d'1'^% imp. 'ii^ 
 and u3^, infin. n'^*i, with suff. '"iD'^y 
 
 1. to take into possession, constru- 
 ed with an accus. of the thing. 
 Deut. 1: 8, 21. 2: 24 UJn hm begin 
 to take into possession. 
 
 2. to possess. Lev. 25 : 46. 'liT' 
 ^"IN to possess the land [quietly,) i. eT 
 (in the mind of a Hebrew) to be 
 blessed, to be happy, Ps. 25: 13. 37: 
 9, 11, 22, 29. comp. Mat. 5: 5. 
 
 3. to inherit. Gen. 21: 10. Part. 
 
 Hiph. 'dj^-jiji 1. to give for a 
 possession, to make to possess, to be- 
 queath ; construed with two accus. 
 Judg. 11:24. 2Chr.20: 11. Job 13: 
 26 "-jw ni2i^. ^rii^nin^ and {that) 
 thou makest me to possess the sins of 
 my youth, i. e. thou imputest them 
 to me. Construed with b , Ezra 9: 
 12. 
 
 2. to take into possession, i.q. Kal 
 no.l. e. g. a country, Num. 14: 24. 
 a city, Josh. 8: 7. 1*7: 12. a moun- 
 tain, J udg. 1: 19. 
 
 3. to drive from a possession, and 
 simply to drive out. Ex.34:24. Num. 
 32:21. 33:52. Deut. 4: 38. Also ^o 
 cast out inanimate objects, Job 20: 
 1 5 God shall cast them out of his bel- 
 ly. Hence 
 
 4. to make any one poor. (See 
 Niph.) 1 Sam. 2: 7. 
 
 5. to destroy. (The verbs WDTl, 
 n^3 also embrace the two ideas 
 
 * -r 
 
 to drive out and to destroy.) Num. 
 14: 12. 
 
 Deriv. out of course "iJ^Ttt , and 
 perhaps D'^^.. 
 
 '^^\^ an heir, Jer. 49 : l.~ Con- n'kT)")^ f. (Num.24: 18.) and H'^T 
 strued with an accus. of the thing, l ,"' ^ . . r ^ ''' 
 
 i.dec.X. verbals from u;'!'', a poej- 
 
 Num. 27: 11. 36: 8. with an accus. 
 of the person, to inherit from any 
 one, to be his heir. Gen. 15:3, 4. 
 
 4. to drive from a possession, to 
 dispossess, disinherit. Deut. 2:12 
 
 and the children of Esau dispossessed 
 
 them, and destroyed them from before . 
 
 ihem.verses 21,22. 9:1. 11:23. 12: 7i^")"iD'^ (a wrestler with God, from 
 
 sion. Deut. 2: 5,9, 19. Josh. 12:6, 7. 
 Dir|J i.q. Qjitj, but used intransitively, 
 to be set, placed; (comp. 'n2'^ and 
 ^^i:.) Fut. Dil3''"^T Gen. 50: 26. 24: 
 33. Judg. 12:3 (in the two last pas- 
 sages only in Kethib.) 
 
 2,29. 18:14. 19: 1. 31: 3. Prov. 
 30: 23 and a handmaid that dispos- 
 sesses her mistress, i. e. that takes 
 her place. (This signification is de- 
 rived from no, 3. to succeed, as it 
 were, to the possessions of another.) 
 
 Niph. to be disinherited, to become 
 poor, pass, of Kal.no. 4. Gen 45:11. 
 Prov. 20: 13. Kindred with m^ to 
 be poor. 
 
 Pi. '2ii^2 ^* ^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ P^^' 
 session, i. q. Kal no. 1. Deut. 28: 42. 
 
 2. to deprive of a possession, to 
 make poor, i.q. Kal no. 4. Judg, 14: 15. 
 
 ITl'j: to wrestle and bi< ; see Gen. 
 32:29. and Hos. 12:4.) Israel, a 
 later name of Jacob, employed 
 more frequently as the name of the 
 people, while Jacob generally de- 
 notes the patriarch himself. Hence 
 ^^.'l^! "32 and bN^ip"] m. (1.) Is- 
 raelites generally. IrJj^^t;"^ y^.^. 
 land of Israel, Palestine, 1 Sani. 13: 
 19. 2 K. 6:23. Ezek. 27:17. also 
 simply b^^^*; as fem. Is. 19:24.(2.) 
 after the division of the kingdom un- 
 der Rehoboam,^Ae kingdom of the ten 
 
ir)i 
 
 287 
 
 nro'' 
 
 iribes^m opposition to the kingdom of 
 Judah. (3.) after the exile, especial- 
 ly in the tirae of the Maccabees, the 
 Jewish nation^ (1 Mac. 3: 35. 4: 11, 
 30, 31. and on the Jewish medals ;) 
 hence in the Chronicles, Israel is 
 used for the kingdom of Judah^ 2 
 Chr. 12: 1. 15: 17. 19:8. 21:2, 4. 
 23: 2. 24: 5. The Gentile noun is 
 ^!:i5.^'i3'; an Israelite, 2 Sam. 17: 
 25. and fern. n"^bN")^"^ an Israelitess^ 
 Lev. 24:10. 
 ^n^iS'S'] a proper name, Issachar, the 
 fifth son of Jacob; also the tribe 
 named from him, the boundaries 
 of which are given Josh. 19: 17 
 23. Its etymological signification 
 is given Gen. 30: 18. Simonis (Anal. 
 Lect. Masoreth. p. 5.) makes the 
 probable conjecture, that the conso- 
 nants of the Kethib should be point- 
 ed '^iT'IJto'^, and that a constant Keri 
 is to be understood for the present 
 Towel points, namely, 'iSiS*'. 
 
 iSJ*^, (Aram. Z\.| , 'n"i^ ; Arab. (J^^S ;) 
 with Makkeph following "U;^ with 
 
 1. there is, there are; (comp. the 
 negation 'J"'N i- q. X"^, i<^ .) Most 
 frequently placed before the noun, 
 as Gen. 28 : 16. rarely after it, 
 as 1 Sam. 21 : 5 DnV. fifi^-'is 
 "^1 ''^Ip ^^^ there is holy bread. Is. 
 43: 8. Joined with a participle it 
 forms a periphrasis for the finite 
 verb, Judg. 6 : 36 l'^t^T2 T0'\ nn^ if 
 
 thou savest. Gen. 24:42, 49. When 
 joined with plural nouns, there are, 
 there were, 2 K. 2: 16. Ezra 10: 44. 
 
 1!i[]T "^2. ^^ *^ certainly so, 2 K. 10: 
 15. -^b Ui;*. / have, (i. q. ^\ n^Jl ,) 
 Gen. 43: 7. Hence ^b t'^,, ^'43^-^3 
 every thing which he had, Gen. 39:5. 
 
 Prov. 8:21 ^ij;^ ^nrtj^ b'^nsnb est 
 
 {inihi,) quod dem diligentibus me ; 
 comp. 2 Chr. 25:9. 
 
 2. especially, there exists, there is 
 extant. Ruth 3: 12. Jer. 5: 1. Ecc. 
 
 1: 10 '^m'^'p ^iT UJ"' there exist 
 
 things of which one may say. 2: 21. 7: 
 15. 8:14. Prov. 13:7 "I'^'JnTZ t^ 
 there is that appeareth rich. 1 1 : 24. 
 18:24. ^X^^'C:'^^ fiierunt qui, for 
 quidam ; and when repeated, there 
 are some, there are others, Neh. 5: 2, 
 
 3, 4. (Comp. the Syr. 5 aI| Mat. 
 13:8.) 
 
 mp^, fut. n'4i:., infin. absol. ar:;; (1 
 Sam. 20: 5.) const, nn'43, with suff. 
 nn-ii, imper. n'ui, rd^ii. 
 
 1 . to seat one'^s self, to sit ; some- 
 times construed with a pleonastic 
 dative,Gen.2 1 : 1 6 nb i^m she seated 
 herself. 'Y\\Q place of sittingis preced- 
 ed by 2, by, or is put in the accus.Ps. 
 9:12 "jV^iS 'xt'^ sitting or enthroned on 
 Zion. 80*: 2 D'^n^srt i'^"^ sitting on 
 the cherubim. 99: i." Is. 37:16. The 
 more special constructions are (1.) 
 to sit as judge or regent. Ps. 9: 8. 55: 
 20. (2.) to sit in ambush, to lie in 
 waif. Ps. 10: 8.17:12. Job38:40. 
 Hence construed with b , insidiari^ 
 Jer. 3: 2. (3.) construed with U^ , 
 to have intercourse with any one. Ps. 
 26: 4, 5. comp. 1: 1. and D2? *^^irT , 
 D57i<^2. (4.) Ps. 122:5 rT72^U: ^3 
 t:E1257:b n^kN&3 ^n^lj"" for there the 
 thrones are set for judgment, ^il'ij"^ 
 is here used of inanimate objects, as 
 the verb to stand in English. 
 
 2. to continue. Gen. 24:55. 29:19. 
 Construed with an accus. 25 : 27 
 D'^bni^ y^^ continuing in tents, i. e. 
 at home. Hos. 3: 3 "'b. "^^UJn continue 
 to me, i. e. devote thyself to me 
 alone. Also of inanimate objects,. 
 Gen. 49: 24. 
 
 3. to dwell. Gen. 13: 6. Constru- 
 ed with an accus. to inhabit, Gen, 
 4: 20. Ps.22: 4 ypi^ ^^.'^Vl riibJlP 
 dwelling amidst the praises of Israel. 
 107: 10. 
 
 4. pass, to be inhabited or habita- 
 ble, spoken of a city or country. Is. 
 13:20. Jer. 17:6, 25. Ezek. 26: 20. 
 (Comp. vccio), vai6T(xo) in Homer.) 
 
 Niph. ym to be inhabited. Ex, 
 16: 35. 
 
'^tO'^ 288 T^"^ 
 
 Hiph. n^^jij^ 1. to cause to sit or t]t23> i.q. q^^ ^^ Be desolately in the 
 
 tmVV'" ^"'^''''' ''^'''' ' fut.Du3rGen.47:19.Ezekl2:19. 
 ""2!" causat.of Kal no.4.^o make to be ^^i 7. plur. n^^'^-^n Ezek. 6: 6. 
 
 inhabited. Ezek. 36 : 33. Is. 54: 3. Deriv. ]'l73*'9^ , n'l"'UJ'; . 
 
 3. to let dwell with^one's self, (as ^^^^J'Qtb'' (God Aear^) a proper name, 
 
 a wife,') lo marru. Ezra 10:2,10, i'] '^ ' J .1 r ak u 1 
 
 14, 17, 18. Neh. 13: 23, 27. (In [f "'''' *^^ ^"^ "{ A'''"'"'" "^y 
 '. ' . i\T ' 1 c Maffar, and pro2^enitor of raaoy A- 
 Ethiop. i'^iconi. IV . i/e/7t ; m bpan. ? \ . c /> or m to 
 
 F -*>"' J ' t' rabian tribe*. See Gen. 25: 12 18. 
 
 ^^f^^^^'J Hence D^i^^{^:)2*i3^ Mmaeliles, Ara- 
 
 T\^^"^, contraction of^'\pii-r^, and used fcian*, Gen'. 37: 25. 39: 1. Judg. 8: 
 
 chiefly after the Babylonish cap- 24. (comp. verse. 22. Ps. 83:7.) 
 tivity ir, later Hebrew. J, .^j, ^^ ^^ ^,^ ^^^^^ ^^ j^ j^^ ,^_ 
 
 1. Joshua, the successor of Mo- '.:'., , , ., / ^ 
 ses Neh 8-17 1^"'" ^^'''^^v ^^ ^^ made old] (1.) 
 
 2. a high-priest after the captiv- io'remain long {m a land.) Deut. 
 ity. Ezra 2: 2. 3: 2. Neh. 7: 2. In ^= -^- (-0 ^^ '^'^ "^^'P^V '''^'^^' ^'^ ^^- 
 Greek 'irjaovg. ^^"^^ inveterate, spoken ot the le- 
 
 . -^ ' prosy. Lev. 13:1 1. {"6.) to grow old, 
 
 %\yj\Qj\J. verbal from r^; , dec. spoken of grain. Lev.2G:10 -jd;) 
 
 - , , ,. , . 1':^'l^ grain of the precedins; year that 
 
 1. /ie/p, deliverance, salvation, 7 1 -^ 
 tliti: nyv^: help obtained from God, f^^' grown ojd,^ 
 
 Ex. 14: 13. As a concrete, Is. 26: ,j - ' ^^^' 
 
 18. ^A- 1??^ fut. 'j'2i-<^^, infin. 'jriJ:' ro 
 
 2. victory, (See :^'^t;'i;-5 no. I. a.) 5/eep, io /o// asleep. Gen. 2: 21. 41: 
 1 Sam. 14:45, 47. 2 Chr. 20 : 17. ^- Applied to the sleep of death, 
 Hab. 3: 8. Job 3: 13. Ps. 13 : 4 n^72r5 'J"vIJ\S; "JD 
 
 3. prosperity, happiness. Job 30: lest 1 sleep the sleep of death. 
 
 15. Pi. to cause to sleep, Judg. 16: 19. 
 
 H'd;;'. m. dec. VI. found only Mic. 6: . ^^"^- "5*^' )'^l'> ^l^' 
 
 14. empty stomach, emptiness of the V^\fem. nr^^-j, verbal adj. from ^t^, 
 belly. (In Arab.by transpos. (J^^) dec. IV. a. old, in opposition to new 
 
 conj. lV.ro be famished with hunger.) "^if'''!" ' T^'Z """ll ^^^^'"-!: ^.t 
 ^ -^ -^ ^^ ^ of gram. Lev. 25:22. Cant. 7: 14. 
 
 UO" found only in Hiph. tl^i-iji'n io of a gate, Nch. 3 : 6. 12 : 39. of a 
 
 stretch out. Est. 4: 1 1. 5:2. 8: 4. (In pool, Is. 22: 11. 
 
 ^ Syr. and Chald. idem,) ^^1 ^ ^^^ ^.^^^ pl^^. ^^^^^ ,3^, ^ 
 
 'jl^'^p'] m. verbal from D'ij;, auas^e, verbal adj." from "j^; , dec. V.f. 
 
 desert. Ps.68:8. 78:40. 106:14. 5?ce/j2ng-. Joined with pronouns and 
 
 nh^"^t:^plur.fem. verbal from nx^ , sahstantives it forms a periphra- 
 
 , . o .. ,^ Tz C-\ sis for the verb, 1 K. 3: 20 'trn^c.^* 
 
 destrnclion. Ps. o5 : 16 Keihib. . , , ., '-..t-j 
 
 Comp. the proper name -n'^2 ^='^: ^^""^ hand-maid was asleep. 
 
 r\\72-tyi {house of the desert) Num" ^^"t. 5: 2. 1 Sam. 26: 7, 12. 
 
 33:49.' Josh. 12:3. 13:20. Ezek. 5?d^ in Kal not used. In Arab. 
 25: 9. a place not far from the Dead ^T- ^ 
 
 sea. ^^ to be wide, enlarged; an idea, 
 
 U u m. dec. III. a. an old or affect which in the Shemitish languages 
 man.Joh 12: 12. 15: 10. 29: 8. S2: often indicates deliverance or happi- 
 6. Also 'iij\^'' (q. V.) ness. 
 
nta"^ 
 
 289 
 
 ItD'^ 
 
 Hiph. ^"^^in 1. to help^ succour; 
 construed with an accus. Ex. 2: 17. 
 Ps. 3: 8. 6: 5. with a dat. Josh. 10: 
 6. Ps. 72: 4. 86: 16. U6: 6. When 
 spoken of Jehovah, whose pow- 
 er is efficient, to give victory^ 
 (comp. -:^^u;";,) Deut. 20: 4. Josh. 
 22: 22. 2 Sam. 8: 6, 14.--'^!: n^"''i5ir' 
 '^'1'' mine own hand hath given me 
 the victory^ that is, withoiit the aid 
 of another, Judg. 7: 2. Job 40: 14. 
 Ps. 98: 1. A similar phrase is form- 
 ed with 5i-iT, Ps. 44: 4. Is. 59: 16. 
 63: 5. sometimes with the idea of 
 rashness, 1 Sam. 25 : 26, 33. comp. 
 verse 31. 
 
 2. to deliver, set free ; construed 
 with "j^ , Ps. 7: 2. 34: 7. 44 : 8. or 
 with ^iJ2^, Judg.2: 16, 18. 3:31. 
 
 Niph.l. to be aided^ assisted^io oh' 
 tain victory. Deut. 33: 29. Part. 
 Sr**:;T3 victorious. Zech. 9:9. Ps. 33: 
 16. 
 
 2. to he freed, delivered. Num. 10: 
 9. Ps. 33: 16. 
 
 5?^*; and T^"^^^ with suff.'^i;'^^ , 't^r^; 
 Ps. 85:8. 'verbal from 5^23*', dec. VI. 
 
 1. help, salvation, deliverance. Ps. 
 13: 6. 50: 23. Construed with an 
 accns. like its verb, Hab. 3: 13 
 ^n'^p^ DN S^UJ.lb/or the help of thine 
 anointed. 
 
 2. prosperity, happiness. Job 5: 4, 
 11. Ps. 132: 17. Is. 61:10. 
 
 N) ri^tp* {salvation of Jehovah") Isaiah, 
 a proper name. The most cele- 
 brated person of this name is the 
 prophet, Is. 1: 1. 2 K. 19; 20. Sept. 
 *H()utocg. Vulg. Isaias. 
 
 r\titl^ Ex. 28: 20. 39 : 13. and 
 
 .. . It 
 
 nD"ip^ Ezek. 28: \3. jasper, a pre- 
 cious stone of different colours. 
 ni!3'^, fut. n-:3^% (once ^'^^ 1 Sam. 6: 
 12.) 
 
 1 . to be straight, even. 1 Sam. 6: 
 12rj*n'72 ninsrr ti^'iu^'^T literally 
 and the kinc were straight on the 
 Tvay-, i. e. they went directly on. 
 
 (For the grammatical form, see Ge- 
 senius' Lehrgeb. 81.2.) 
 
 2. metaphorically to he right ; 
 found only in the phrase \3''5;2 '^23'' 
 to he right in the eyes o/any one, to 
 please him, Num. 23: 27. Judg. 14: 
 3,7. 1 Sara. 18: 20, 26. 2 Sam. 17: 
 4. 10:6. 1 K.9: 12. 
 
 3. perhaps to he happy. (Arab. 
 ^J idem. Comp. iTD no. 4.) Hab. 
 2: 4 in itzz r-iu;"^ i\b nbs5? nzTi 
 behold, ty/iose soul is incredulous, it 
 shall not be happy for it. Others : 
 behold, frnward, not modest is his 
 soul, literally tumidus, non planus est 
 animus in eo. 
 
 Pi. 1 . to make straight or even; e.g. 
 a path, Is. 40 : 3. Also to make 
 straight anothers paths, for to give 
 him prosperity, Is. 45: 13. Prov. 3:6, 
 to make straight one''s own paths, for 
 to walk in a straight path, Prov. 9: 
 15. 
 
 2. to lead, direct ; e. g. a water 
 course, 2 Chr. 32: 30. the thunder, 
 Job 37: 3. 
 
 3. to esteem right, or to observe 
 strictly. ?fi. 119: 128. 
 
 Pu. part. T^a.'^T: nJlJ gold beaten 
 out, thin gold. 1 K. 6: 35. 
 
 Hiph. fut. -i-'^ii: i.q. Pi. Ps. 5: 9 
 Keri. (In the Kethib 'n^lJi.) In- 
 trans. Prov. 4: 25. 
 
 Deriv. out of course di'n*^'^tt , 
 
 1lD^7 fem. !T^'tt:\ verbal from 'n'ii'^* 
 dec. IV. a. 
 
 1. straight, rectus. Ezek. 1:7, 23.Us- 
 ed especially of the way,Jer. 31:9. 
 Job 33:27 ^n*1"tl "T^li"^") the straight 
 1 have made crooked. 
 
 2. right, especially when constru- 
 ed with ""pSia. Judg. 17 :6 ^:;^1^ 
 1'^2''i?2 what seemed to him right, 
 Deut.* 12:25,28 niri'^. '^1;'^^ ^'^^1^ 
 what is pleasing to Jehovah. Con- 
 strued with i:cb,Prov.l4:l^.l6:-*5. 
 
 3. righteovs, upright, virtvons. 
 Job 1:1,8. Ps. 11:7. So S^.'-^.UJ^ 
 Ps. 7: 11 and ^^.'i[-^^'<p': 37: 14. Es- 
 
in'' 
 
 290 
 
 "ini 
 
 pecially do the Jews bear this 
 name, (comp. p''i^,) Dan. 11:17. 
 'n*iL';jn I5D tke book of the righteous, 
 a collection of Hebrew national 
 songs now lost, Josh. 10: 3. 2 Sam. 
 1: IS. As an abstract noun, right- 
 eoitsness, Ps. 37: 37. 
 
 4. true, faithful ; spoken of God. 
 Deut. 32:4. Ps. 119:137. 
 
 5. happy^ prosperous. Ezra. 8:21. 
 
 HvIJ'^ m. verbal from 'n'i:'' , dec. VI, p. 
 
 1. straightness. Frov\ 2:13. 4:11. 
 
 2. right.) duty., obligation. Job 6 : 
 25. 33:23. Prov. 11:24. 14:2. 17:2(i. 
 
 3. righteousness.) uprightness ; con- 
 strued for the most part with ib 
 orn:2b.. Deut. 9:5. Ps.25: 21. 119:' 
 7. Job 33: 3. 
 
 nyd"; or ^^'y^p^, ^- const, n^pl , 
 verbal from 'i'^;"' , iden^. 1 K. 3:6. 
 
 jT^p^ ra. Jeshurun^ a poetical name 
 for Israel., found only Deut. 32: 15. 
 33: 5, 2G. Is. 44: 2. It signiiies most 
 probably the upright., the virtuous., as 
 if from I'i;^, after the form "jn^^^T, 
 but at the same time with an allu- 
 sion to the name b^5^^^ ]^ appears 
 to be the termination of diminutives, 
 here used by way of endearment. 
 Others derive it as a dimin. di- 
 rectly from bN'H'i:"' ; in the Veneto- 
 Greek version JaQusXloxog. 
 
 'CllD'l m. i. q. "J^v^;^ , old. 2 Chr.36: 
 
 n^ Chald. i.q. Heb. dn , a sign of the 
 accusative case. Dan. 3: 12. 
 
 Dn'' Chald. i.q. Heb. i-^-*. 
 
 1. to seat one^s self to sit. Dan. 7: 
 9. 10:26. 
 
 2. to dwell. Ezra 4: 17. 
 
 Aph. srl^^ to cause to dzicell^ to 
 set. Ezra 4; 10. 
 
 iH*^ f. const, nn** , plur. n^^n^ dec. 
 V^a. 
 
 I. a peg or pin., to be driven into 
 the wall. Ezek. 15: 3. but especial- 
 ly a tent-pin, Ex. 27: 19. 35: 18. 38: 
 31. Judg. 4:21,22. The driving 
 of such a pin is with the Hebrews 
 
 indicative of a firm and permanent 
 situation, Is. 22: 23. Hence 
 
 2. metaphorically a firm., secure 
 dwelling place. Ezra 9: 8. In verse 
 9, the same idea is denoted by nna. 
 (Comp. the verbs yt23, uJnD.) 
 
 3. also metaphorically a superiour^ 
 chief princeps civitatis. Zech.lO : 4. 
 Comp. nSD. 
 
 4. a spade., shovel. Deut. 23:13. 
 Judg. 16: 14 :^'n^tn-^n^ spatha 
 text oris. 
 
 DlrT'm. dec. III. a. an orphan. Ex 
 22:^22, 24. Deut. 10: 18. 14: 29. 
 Also simply/ai/ier/e^*. Job 24 : 9. 
 (Arab. *aJ to become an orphan.) 
 
 ^^\r\1 m. verbal from ^^n no. 1. (af- 
 ter the form C^p"],) xahat one spies or 
 finds out. Job 39: 8. 
 
 "I'^r!*^ Chald. 1. adj. very great., emi- 
 nent., extraordinary. Dan. 2: 31. 5: 
 12,14. 
 
 2. adv. tTl^n^ 'uer^, exceeding. 
 Dan. 3:22. 7:7,10. 
 
 'n'^ri^ proper name of a city of the 
 priests in the hill-country of the tribe 
 ofJudah.Josh.l5:48. 21:14. 1 Sam. 
 30:27. 1 Chr.6:42. 
 
 Drr^. For the fut. an\N Ps.l9:14. see 
 
 -T X " 
 
 the verb Qttn. 
 in*' to remain., to be left. In Kal not 
 used, except in the part, 'nn/l"' the. 
 rest, 1 Sam. 15:15. (For several 
 other significations of this form, see 
 the articles '-ini'^ and D'nni'^.) 
 
 Hiph. Tiniil 1. to let remain, to 
 leave. Ex 10: 15. 12: 10. Ps. 79: 11 
 rtnn^n '32 'nnin presence (liter. 
 superstites fac) the sons of death, i. e, 
 those doomed to die. 
 
 2. to make to abound, construed 
 with an accus. of the person and 
 2 of the thing. Deut. 28: 11. 30:9. 
 
 3, intrans. to have the preference. 
 Gen. 49: 4 "\nin""bN thou shalt not 
 have the preference, i. e. the birth- 
 right. 
 
 Niph. ^ni: 1. to be left. Ex. 10: 
 
291 
 
 15. Part. 'nnia, fern. n^H:, the 
 rest, Gen. 3o': 36. Ex. 28:' 10. 29: 
 34. 
 
 2. to stay behind. Gen. 32: 25. 
 
 8. to acquire the superiority or 
 victory. (In Syr. Ethpa. pr(stans, 
 excellens fuit.) Dan. 10: 13 ''DN] 
 
 o^D-^5b^ !:i?>Nt D'^ "'n^nia and I 
 
 there acquired the superiority with 
 the kings of Persia. 
 Deriv. out of course ^ni'^jri'ini'i, 
 
 I. in*^. m. with suff. T^n*; , verbal 
 from ^rr* , dec. VI. h. 
 
 1. the rest, the remainder. irj;". 
 D2?ln the rest of the people, Jud^. 7:6. 
 Joel 1: 4 Ina^J^^T irT* what was 
 left by the locusts. 
 
 2. abundance^ superfluity. in^. V? 
 in abundance, Ps.31: 24. d^n^ their 
 abundance. Job 4: 21. 22: 20*. 
 
 3. excellence, dignity. *^r}^ nsto 
 excellent speech^ Prov 17: 7. Used 
 as a concrete, Gen. 49: 3 DNip ^n;^. 
 
 "^^ '^n?.') the first in dignity, the 
 first in strength. 
 
 4. adv. eminently., very much. Is. 
 56: 12. Dan. 8: 9. otherwise 'iW . 
 
 5. besides. Num. 31: 32. See ^nV 
 no. 4. 
 
 II. ^ri|^ m. dec. VI. h. a cord, Judg. 
 16: 7 ff string of a bow, Ps. 11: 2. 
 bridle, (parall. jo^.,) Job 30:1 1 Ke- 
 thib nne i'nn^ he lets his bridle loose^ 
 i. e. acts without restraint. Ac- 
 cording to the Keri, Ac (God) loosens 
 my nerve^ji.e. disarms me, not accord- 
 ant with the parallel clause. Comp. 
 
 nnn*^ fern, of ^nn*" , dec. X. remain- 
 der, abundance. Is. 15:7. Jer.48: 36. 
 
 1*iri^. proper name of the father-in- 
 law of Moses, also called 'nn;; and 
 iSlainEx. 3: 1. 4:18. 
 
 'j1"ir]^ m. verbal from ^n\ 
 
 i. advantage, profit. Ecc. 1: 3. 2: 
 11. 3:9. 5:8, 15. 10: 10. 
 2. excellence. Ecc. 2: 13. 
 
 The letter Caph (Heb. ;)S the 
 hollow hand,) is the eleventh in the 
 alphabet, and as a numerical sign 
 denotes 20. 
 
 It is a palatal of an intermediate 
 character, and therefore commuted 
 sometimes with the smoother pala- 
 tal ^, (see p. 107.) and sometimes 
 with the rougher p, (see p. 107. 
 no. 2.) Comp. further ^^^ and pj^":! 
 to be beaten in pieces ; ^D?3 and pj^^ 
 no. 2. to sink, to fall ; ^5^ and pj?^ 
 to be thin, tender. 
 
 Sometimes, though more rarely, 
 it is interchanged with the guttu- 
 
 5 cy 
 rals n and 5?; e. g. ^Vj-j ^rab. <-\Xw 
 
 5 o > 
 
 and <-\X=D a mole ; V'^'^n Arab. 
 
 5 ^ 'It 
 
 (JCLJJ 
 
 cheese ; "niS and *^liarj 
 
 i/ie river Chaboras ; '^'^3 Arab. 
 ^M^ and i-XC a young lion ; *n2n3 
 and ^03? <o surround, to crown. 
 
 S a prefix prep, and conj. (also writ- 
 * ten 1723 and "^ns in the same sense; 
 see "^T .) 
 
 1. as. Gen. 3: 4. Dan. 10: 18 
 t5*15< nt<173S something in a human 
 
 form. 3 3 as . . . . so, Lev. 7: 7. 
 
 24: 16. Gen. 44: 18 Sli^^BS Ti3 
 
!n.vb 
 
 292 
 
 ^ns 
 
 as thou, so Pharaoh, i. e. thou art as 
 Pharaoh. Sometimes the copula- 
 tive 1 intervenes, Dan. 11:29. Josh. 
 14: I'l. Ezek. 18:4. 
 
 2. nccording to, after, secundum. 
 2 K. 1: 17 nTfl')~^2'l3 according to 
 the word of Jehovah. 1 Sam. 13 : 14 
 ilaibs ti'^iJC a man after his oivn 
 heart. Ps. 7: 18 ipliZ^S according to 
 his righteousness. 
 
 3. about, nearly, almost, (before 
 words of number, measure, or 
 time.) Kuth 1:4 d'D\^ *liI5^:S about 
 ten years. 1 K. 22 : 6. Ruth 2:17 
 ^I5\\3 about an ephah. Gen. 39: 11 
 nt!-; Dl'^ijS about this time. Dan. 9 : 
 21 S^y-nn3^"ni;3 about the time 
 of the evening offering. Ex. 9:18 
 11n)3 riJ^S about the time of tomor- 
 roxv, i.e. tomorrow. Di'^S now. Gen. 
 26:31. t2y733 about a little^ i.e. 
 little is wanting, almost ; see ^2. 
 
 4. before an intin. -when, as. Gen. 
 39 : 18 -^b.^p '^:^"'1tj3 ^^hen I lifted 
 up my voice. Deut. 16:6 Nt^S 
 tJ^/vLiJl when the sun is gone down. 
 24: 13. More rarely before a par- 
 ticiple, Gen. 38: 29 11'' ::^t72:2 ^n"") 
 and when he drew back his hand. 40: 
 10. So before a verbal noun. Is. 
 23 : 5 'n'ii 5'*7J*J:3 wheii they hear con- 
 cerning Tyre, i. e. at the report 
 concerning Tyre. 
 
 5. 3 is sometimes redundant and 
 may be omitted in translating. In 
 these cases it is called by gramma- 
 rians Caph veritatis. Neh. 7: 2 i^riln 
 np.Jt >2;'^^!2 he was a faithful man ; 
 liter, as a faithful man is wont to be. 
 Job 24: 14 nS55 ""in^ J^"^?i? % "i^*^ 
 ^c ?'5 a i^ie/", i. e. he acts as a thief. 
 Hos. 4:4. 5: 10. Is. 1:7. 13:6. 
 
 Note. With suffixes only Dp.3, 
 D113, as ye, as they. The other suf- 
 fixes are annexed to the form i72S, 
 1733, q. V. 
 
 1. 12&^!j, fut. i^^*^, , to have pain ; ei- 
 ther in body, Gen. 34 : 25. or in 
 mind, Ps, 69:30. Pro v. 14: 13. Job 
 14:22. 
 
 Hiph. to occasion pain, to make 
 sad. Job 5: 18. Ezek. 28: 24. Con- 
 strued with an accus. of the person, 
 Ezek. 13:22. 
 
 Deriv. out of course i5<-73 . 
 
 II. DK5 prob. i. q. Syr. .^ij nocuit ; 
 
 or Arab. ^_^.==d perdidit, destrux- 
 it ; (comp. DN72 no. II. i. q. DC73 .) 
 Hence Hiph. to destroy. 2 K. 3: 19. 
 
 Dij!D m. verbal from n{<3 no. I. dec. I. 
 
 (with Tseri impure,) pain, grief. 
 
 Job 2: 13. 16:6. Is. 17: 11. 65: 14. 
 ^^^J to be sad, desponding. In Kal 
 
 not used. (Syr. j ^D to chide., hence 
 
 to grieve. Kindred with riJlS.) 
 Hiph. to make sad, as the heart. 
 
 Ezek. 13:22. 
 
 Niph. to be grieved, humbled. Dan. 
 
 11: 30. Ps. 109: 16. 
 
 15^3 m. verbal adj. from ^^JlD, de- 
 sponding, unhappy. Plur. lD'^J3 Ps. 
 10: 10 Keri. But the reading of 
 the Kethibis preferable. See InlDbn. 
 
 ^ jS and ^DS, fut. in'D^ , 
 
 T T : 
 
 1. to be heavy. Job 6: 3. Hence 
 spoken of sin, to be grievous, very 
 great. Gen. 18: 20. 
 
 2. to lie or fall heavily on any 
 one, to be chargeable or troublesome 
 to him ; construed with '^^. Is. 24: 
 20. Neh. 5: 18. 2 Sam. \&. 25 N-^T 
 'TT'^lry ^?!D3 that we be not chargeable 
 unto thee-, comp. 14 : 26. rTllSS 
 -? ^''^!""^2 ^^^ hand of God lies 
 heavily on any one, i. e. God brings 
 upon him troubles, afflictions. iSam. 
 5 : 11. Ps. 32 : 4. Construed with 
 bi?., 1 Sam. 6: 6. 
 
 3. to be dull, of hearing or of vi- 
 sion. Gen. 48: 10. Is. 59; 1. 
 
 4. to be hard, obdurate ; spoken 
 of the heart. Ex. 9: 7. 
 
 5. to be honoured, respected, migh- 
 ty, grav em esse. Job 14: 21. Ezek. 
 27: 25. Is. 66 : 25. 
 
 6. to be or become violent, vehe- 
 ment, gravem esse. Judg. 20: 34. 1 
 Sam. 31: 3. 
 
DD 
 
 293 
 
 inr) 
 
 Pi. ^23 1. causat, of Kal no. 4. 
 to harden. 1 Sam. 6: 6. 
 
 2. caiisat. of Kal no. 5. to honour. 
 3ndg. 13: 17. 2 Sam. 10; 3. In re- 
 ference to the deity, Is. 29:13. also 
 with}:, Ps. 86: 9. Dan. 11: 38. Is. 
 43: 23 "^Sn^s:: &?b '?^"'ri^T </tow Aa5< 
 7iot honoured me with thy sacrifices. 
 
 Hi{jh. 1. to make heavy or griev- 
 ous. 1 K. 12: 10. Is. 47:6. 
 
 2. to oppress a people, constru- 
 ed with "^y. Neh. 5: 15. 
 
 3. to make hard., heavy., or obdu- 
 rate; e. g. the ears, Is. 6: 10. Zech. 
 7: 11. the heart, Ex. 9:34. 
 
 4. to make to be honoured or dis- 
 tinguished. Is. 8:23. [9:1.] Intrans. 
 to acquire honour., 2 Chr. 25: 19. 
 
 Niph. 1. to be rich ov abundant in 
 any thinsr. Part. Prov. 8: 24 nizy^Tq 
 D"^^ ^'IZ^i fountains abounding in 
 water. 
 
 2. pass, of Pi. no. 2. to be honour- 
 ed. Gen. 34: 19- yiN-^lSD^. the 
 most honourable of the earth., Is. 23 : 
 8, 9. (The Dagfesh in "^ is euphon- 
 ic.) Plur. fem. nin2S3 glorious 
 things, Ps. 87: 3. 
 
 3. reflex, to shon^ one'^s self great 
 or glorious., to glorify one^s self Hag. 
 1: 8. With a in any one, Ex. 14: 
 4, 17, 18. Lev. 10:3. Ezek. 39: 13. 
 
 Hithpa. 1. to multiply one^s self 
 to be numerous. Nah. 3: 15. 
 
 2. to honour one''s self to be proud. 
 Prov. 12: 9. 
 
 Deriv. out of course ^^ns . 
 
 "DID, const, lis Ex. 4: 10. and ^iS 
 Is. 1: 4. verbal from 'ilns, dec. V. d. 
 
 1. as an adj. heavy ^ Prov. 27 : 3. 
 burdensome. sj)oken of an employ- 
 ment, Ex.18: 18. Num. 11:14. 
 laden., (with iniquity,) Is. 1 : 4. se- 
 vere., sore., spoken of a famine. Gen. 
 J2: 10. 41: 31. 
 
 2. slow, (of speech.) Ex. 4 : 10. 
 hence unintelligible, Ezek. 3:5. 
 
 3. great, numerous, 'liS Jr*"!! a 
 numerous host, 1 K. 10: 2. So in 
 Germ, eine schwere Menge. 
 
 4. rich, abounding. Gen. 13: 2. 
 &. as a subst. the liver. (Arab. 
 
 (-\a.=3^) perhaps literally the 
 
 most precious ; comp. '^^iS no. 4. 
 Ex. 29: 13, 22. Lev. 3 : 4, 10. Lam. 
 2:11 ">'7i3 Vl^^? ^S^2 my liv- 
 er is poured out upon the earth, as 
 indicative of violent grief. 
 
 i23 verbal adj. from 113, found on- 
 ly^in the fem. Irn^i3 glorious, mag- 
 nificent, Ezek. 23: 41. Ps. 45 : 14. 
 Also collectively, costly articles, 
 Judg. 18: 21. 
 
 IDS m. verbal from nss . 
 
 1. weight, heaviness.^ Frov. 21 : 3. 
 
 2. vehemence, heat, rage, (of bat- 
 tle.) Is. 21: 15. comp. 1 Sam. 31:3. 
 
 3. tnultitude. Nah. 3: 3. 
 
 ni'in^. f- denom. from lis, difficul- 
 ty. Ex. 14: 25. 
 
 ^'5'? ^^ S^ ^"^ ^0 ^^ extinguished ; 
 spoken of the fire, Lev. 6: 5, 6. [G: 
 12: 13.] of the light, 1 Sam. 3 : 3. 
 Spoken metaphorically of the an- 
 ger of God, 2 K. 22: 17. also in an- 
 other figure. Is. 43: 17 they are ex- 
 tinct, they go out like tow. 
 
 Pi. to extinguish, put out. Is. 1 : 
 31. 42: 3. Jer. 4:4. 21:12. 2 Sam. 
 
 21 : 17 ^M^t:'^ "i2-ni< n2sn i^'bT 
 
 that thou extinguish not the light of Is- 
 rael. 
 
 ilDiD m. (fem. only Gen. 49: 6.) ver- 
 bal from lis, dec. III. a. literally 
 weight, gravitas ; hence 
 
 1. honour, praise. Vs. 19 : 2. 79 : 
 9. 96: 8. bN'ntJ^-'liiS the honour- 
 able of Israel, comp. Mic. 1:15. Is. 
 5: 13. 8: 7. 17: 3,4. 
 
 2. majesty, glory, liiSn !]"?.75 
 the glorious or majestic king, Ps. 24: 
 7, 8, 9. "IliS^l N*D3 the glorious 
 throne, 1 Sam. 2:8. )^Z^\ liiS the 
 glory or ornament of Lebanon, Is. 35: 
 2. 60: 13. comp. 10:18. Especial- 
 ly '^)^\ "1^^^ (Sept. do'ici KvQiov,) 
 the glory of Jehovah, i. e. the shining 
 splendour which surrounds the dei- 
 ty, when he appears to men, called 
 bv the Rabbins the Shechinah, Ex. 
 2*4: 16. 40: 34. 1 K. 8 : 10, 11. 2 
 
'O^l'D 294 tOniD 
 
 Chr. 7: 1. Is. 6: 3, 4. Ezek. 1: 28. eration made use of lie, and trod 
 
 3:12,23. 8:4. 10:4,18. 11:22. the clothes with his feet in a trough, 
 
 comp. in N. T. Luke 2 : 9. It is Pi. 1. i. q. Kal. Gen. 49: 11. Ex. 
 
 represented as a bright fire, Ex. 19:IO.Part Ds^^ i.q. Dib, Mal.3:2. 
 
 24: 17. 33: 18. from which light- 2. metaphorically to purify the 
 
 nings proceed, Lev. 9 : 23. Num. heart. Ps. 51: 4, 9. Jer. 4: 14. the 
 
 16:35. Ps. 18: 13. and which is metaphor sometimes being contin- 
 
 usually covered with smoke, 1 K. ued, Jer. 2:22. Mai. 3: 2. 
 
 8: 10, 11. Pu. pass. Lev. 13: 58. 15 : 17. 
 
 3. abu7idance, riches. Ps. 49: 17. Hothpa. pass. DzSil Lev. 13:55, 
 Is. 10:3. 66: 12. 56. 
 
 4. poetically for i/ifi hearty soul ; 1-1-,^- . _^ , 
 
 prob. liter, i. q. Ii3 the liver. Gen. '-?? ^^^ "^^ "^ed, io he great or 
 
 49: 6 "^niiS nriFi-b'ji dbnpz with ^^^^^rons ; comp. -i^zS . 
 
 their assembly let not my heart be ^iph. to make many, to multiply. 
 
 united. Ps. 16: 9. 67: 9. 108: 2. ^^^ ^5 : 16. Part. -s-Z^p_ abund- 
 
 im.^^^^ h--^^ ance. Job 36: 31. (comp. n^n'i;?3 .) 
 
 n-n-lJ see m3. ' \ r ... j 
 
 VyL.^ ' ^ 1. IDS adv. 1. a/reacZ!/,/ormer/?/, /ong 
 
 P132 proper name of a district of ; '-^^^ j. ^^ ^, j^ ^. 2 q. q^ 
 
 Galilee, containins: 20 cities, which ,r. ^ /- 
 
 Solomon gave to king Hiram. 1 K. ^' now.Ecc.d:!. (Syr. -^D former- 
 
 9: 13. The following notice of Jo- Zj/, now.) 
 
 sephus (Antiq. viii. 5. 3.) applies H ^^"3 Chaboras, the proper name 
 here, although its correctness may ^ '^ ' im x ,u. 
 
 be doubted, as the word is not found ^[ ^ ^'^f ^*" Mesopotamia ther- 
 in the Shemitish languages. ^^Ikle- ^^^^ ^^^'^^ ^^=^^' ^^'^-^ ^^^^' ^' 
 ^ ^ V /P 5 - 3. 3: 15, 23. 10: 15,22. Syr. 
 
 itccToi 0ocvlxo)v yXojTTav vx f^^ 5 iai^ii^ 
 
 dQtGXMv OfjfAulvu.''' nilli) f. a sieve. Am. 9: 9. See ^"'is 
 
 I'^S? m. verbal adj. from -^^3, dec. I. ^^^^^ ^ ^^^ X. a long measure, the 
 
 J' great, mighty. Job 34: 17, 24. -^'^^ ^^^^^^ ^f ^,^-^^ j, ot k^^wn. 
 
 36: 5. D-^'n^zS d^?? mzg/iii/ waters, q^^ 35. jg ^g. ^^ ^ K. 5: 19. In 
 
 Is. 17: 12. 28: 2. D^72;! ^-^ZS gmn- the Chaldaic version N^-^i\-nn^3 
 
 dcevus., Job 15 : 10. (So in Arab.) aratio ierrce, (from d'nis aravit,) and 
 
 2. mant/, mi^cA.Job 31:25.Is.l6:l4. ^,^^ j q.y,,^erwm ; from which per- 
 
 *1'^D!3 m. something twisted or platted, haps the Hebrew word is formed 
 
 a'gk^ 1 Sam. 19: 13, 16. Comp. by transposition. The Sept. adds 
 
 the kindred words -12^73 a lattice- i" Gen. 48 : 7, Innodgo^og, a com- 
 
 , h b.-,^., . " - ^*^^ mon measure among the Arabians, 
 
 work; -^^^12 a net, covering; tiniS ^^^^^^^^^ ^^ ^1 ^^bout a French 
 
 a sieve ; and 1^:dX:, ^T?3D73 a nef. r;u 
 
 T : ' ; - mile. 
 
 7^5 m. dec. VI. a. a fetter. Ps. 105 : '^^^^ ^^ j^^,^ yi 3. a^d h. a /am6 0/ 
 18. 149: 8. (Arab, and Syr. idem.) ^^ ^^^^^ up'j^ards, agnus medi(B 
 
 Root !:::=:, m Syr. Chald. Arab, to ^^^^ -^ . h^nce the frequent addition, 
 bind, tojelter. ^I^.,..^ ^-, a ^ear old, Num.7:15,21,23, 
 
 ^53 <owfls;i,c/eanye, namely, clothes, 39.'4"5,5l,57,63, 69, 75. and in the 
 in'' Greek nKvveii^ ; (comp. VH^ to pli- "=;^ ^P.^^ idem,T.Jl, 23, 29, 
 a'fls/i the body, in Greek lovtiv.) 35 ^^ (Arab. C J^-J-^^ i^e.) 
 In Kal only part, oni^ Is. 7: 3. 36: ^;,, ' ^ ^ , ^^^-.^ 
 
 2. a z^^asW, /t.//er,"7rAuz/Tt;,o, xi.- >^^3. 2 Sam. ' 12 : 3. and Hu^a 
 ^fuV, >//o. The fuller in this op- LeV. 14 : 10. Num. 6 : 14. fern, ot 
 
^^a 
 
 295 
 
 nns 
 
 toii^.j dec, XII. an ewe-lamb about a 
 year old. We sometimes, though 
 more rarely, tind n'i:D and HSUJS, 
 by transposition. 
 
 tDD-S, fut. ^i2S^ . 
 
 1. to tread under foot. Metaphor- 
 ically Zech. 9: 15 i'bp'^SN ^u;:3Sl 
 they shall tread the sling-stones under 
 
 foot., i. e. they shall not be injured 
 by them. (Comp. Job 41 : 20, 21. 
 [41:28,29.] Mic. 7:19 r):^nbi?. mSz'D;] 
 he will suppress our iniquities, 
 
 2. to subdue^ subject^ subjugate. 
 Gen. 1 : 28. Jer. 34 : 16. vrith the 
 addition n^'l23?b, 2 Chr. 28:10. Jer. 
 34: 10. Nehid: 5. 
 
 3. Est. 7:8. prob. vim inferrefem- 
 ince, subigere feminam. (So in Arab. 
 
 ^ ^ 5 c -^ 
 
 (j-UA^=D^ and (j^a=5 coitus.) 
 
 Pi. to subdue, i. q. Kal no. 2. 2 
 Sam. 8: 11. 
 
 Niph. 1. pass, of Kal no.2. Num. 
 32:2t>, 29. Josh. 18:1. 
 
 2. pass, of Kal no. 3. Neh. 5: 5 
 at the close. 
 
 'd!2lD m. a footstool. 2 Chr. 9: 18. Syr. 
 
 f.^a^ idem. 
 
 1^ . . ^- 0, furnace^ a smelling oven., 
 different from ^^in a kind of ba- 
 ker's oven. Gen. 19: 28. Ex.9: 8,10. 
 19: 18. (Arab, {j^i to kindle.) 
 
 '^S f. plur. tD-i-S, dec. VIII. h. a pail 
 or bucket, nudog^ cadus., for carrying 
 water, Gen. 24: I4ff. Ecc. 12:6. 1 
 K. 18 : 34. also for - keeping 
 meal, 1 K. 17 : 12, 14, 16. It was 
 carried on the shoulder. 1 K. 18:24. 
 
 (Arab. ^ > to draw from a well.) 
 ^13, fern, na'is, Chald. adj. i.q.Heb. 
 nf3 lying, false, Dan. 2:9. 
 
 ^7.^^ see '^'1. 
 *^^3seen 
 
 ^l^^ll^ m. Ezek. 27 : 16. Is. 54: 12. 
 name of a precious stone, most 
 
 probably of a red colour ; comp. 
 Arab. BlX ^^ 0< ^ > rubedo maxi- 
 ma, and Heb. nin^S sparks. (In 
 Chald. ^^'IS'IS, l^liS-TS Ex. 39:11. 
 idem.) 
 
 n!D adv. prim. 1. thus. Gen. 32: 5. Ex. 
 3: 15. nin"; "n^ai* nb thus saith Je- 
 hovah, Jer. 2: 2. 7^: 20. 9: 16, 22. 
 
 iTibs .... Jlb2 in this manner . . . ,in 
 t 
 
 that manner, 1 K. 22: 20. 
 
 2. Acre, (more rarely.) Gen. 31: 
 37. When doubled, here .... there, 
 Num. 11: 31. nb-^y hither, or 
 rather thither, Gen. 22*5. Ex. 2: 12 
 Jlbl rrb Ai^^er and thither. 
 
 T 
 
 3. in reference to time, now. 
 !nb"'iy to the present time, hitherto, 
 Ex. 7:"l6. Josh. 17: 14. 1 K. 18: 45 
 ilb-^yi lin''^^ so and so long, i. e. 
 in the mean time. 
 
 nS Chald. i. q. Heb. nb no. 3. Once 
 
 Dan. 7: 18 ns-'lS hitherto. Comp. 
 
 the Heb. n^^iSf. 
 HmJ 1. to be extinguished, to go out, 
 
 to be dull, dim ; spoken of a light. 
 
 See the adj. Is. 42: 3. 
 
 2. to be weak, dull, dim ; as the 
 eyes from old age, Deut. 34 : 7 
 Zech. 11:17. Gen. 27:1. or fronv 
 sorrow. Job 17:7. 
 
 3. to despond, to intermit. I3.42:4 
 Pi. 5in3 and nslD for the most 
 
 part intrans. 
 
 1. to become paler, to disappear ^ 
 spoken of the spots of the leprosy^ 
 Lev. 13:6,21,26,28,56. 
 
 2. in a moral sense, to be low^ 
 spirited, desponding, to faint. Ezek. 
 21: 12. comp. Is. 61: 3. 
 
 3. trans, to dispirit, chide, rebuke^ 
 increpare. 1 Sam. 3: 13 Di nl^S 5<'::T 
 and he rebuked or restrained them not.. 
 Comp. 155. 
 
 JlJl^ found only in the lem. Jiii5,ver 
 bal adj. from nrrs , dec. X. 
 
 1. going out, expiring, spoken of 
 a lamp. is. 42: 3. 
 
 2. weak, spoken of the eyes. 1 
 Sam. 3: 2 nin^ ^!rnn V^i-T and 
 
]n:> 
 
 296 
 
 ms 
 
 hU eyes began {to wax) dim, Comp. 
 a similar construction Gen. 9: 20. 
 
 3. diminishing, disappearing. Lev. 
 13: 39. 
 
 4. desponding, HTl'D H^l'^ a de- 
 sponding heart, Is. 6 1 : 3. 
 
 M t3 f. verbal fronni tinlD , an extin- 
 guishing, healing, or alleviating, N?ih. 
 3: 19. Comp. Jnn.n. 
 
 prob. a^ the bridegroom adorns in 
 priestly style his turban, i. e. puts on 
 a turban of priestly magniticence. 
 Others : makes rich his turban, comp. 
 
 7 
 
 Syr. ^C3is Pe. and Ethpa. to be 
 
 V 
 
 or become rich, opulent, happy ; 
 I ZqJ-jCTl::) g^ory, magnificence. 
 
 'jn!D,emph. N3ri.3, plur. "j^qriS, Chald. 
 a priest. Ezra 7: 12, 16, 21. 
 
 Dan. 2: 26. 4: ilSiTiS f. denom. from linb, dec. X. 
 the priesthood, the office of a priest, 
 Ex.29:9, 40:15. Num. 16:10. 
 25: 13. 
 
 IS, piur. "J"^^!?, Chald. a window. Dan. 
 6: 11. (In Syr. and Arab, idem.) 
 20:6. the high-priest ; also I^IS^ D'l!D found only Ezek. 30: 5. a south- 
 rPl2372n Lev. 4 : 3, 5. the anointed em country mentioned in connexion 
 
 ^1!D Chald. to be able, construed 
 with h and an infin. 
 15. [4:18.] 5:8, 15. 
 
 | IJ m. dec. yil. b. a priest; very 
 frequcntly.-'liiN^n IItid 2Chp.l9:l 1 . 
 24:11. 26:20. and ri"I5Jl )1lblj 
 Lev. 21: 10. Num. 35: 25, 28. Josh. 
 
 priest. The Chaldaic version some- 
 times renders it princeps, as in Gen. 
 41: 45. Ps. 110: 4. So it is general- 
 ly supposed to mean 2 3am. 8: 18, 
 where the sons of David are called 
 D"'3lrib, instead of which we tind in 
 the parallel passage 1 Chr. 13: 17 
 
 and the sons of David were the first 
 on the side of the king ; comp. 1 K. 
 4:5. 2 K. 10: 11. But this meanina" 
 
 with Egypt and Ethiopia. We may 
 compare it with Cobe^ a harbour of 
 Ethiopia; or with Cobium, a place 
 in Mareotis. Another reading i^ii 
 jYubia is supported by the Arabic 
 version, and suits the context. 
 
 ^y]jl m. plur. n^:s?nT3, dec. U. c. a 
 helmet, usually of metal among 
 the Hebrews. 1 Sam. 17:5. Ezek. 
 27: 10. 38 : 5. Elsewhere written 
 
 of the word is not at all proved by a ta-^^ . , , . tvt- i . l l j 
 reference to these parallelpassages; ^H ^""^' ^"^^ " ^'^^'' ^" ^' ^"^"'^ 
 for the sons of David 2 Sam. 8: 18, Pi'O^- 6: 28. Is. 43: 2. 
 were probably pn>5?ti or ecclesiastical Deriv. Jll^'iS, ""S, Ti^^l^ , 
 
 counsellors, though they were not tl\ti (Dan. 11:6.) more commonly 
 Levitical priests. The writer of "^^ dec. I. a. 
 
 1. power, strength. Ezra 10: 13 
 but the people are many, and the 
 weather is rainy, "^12^2 TO V^-l 
 y:iria and we are not able to stand 
 without. (Comp. nb ^Vi under 
 ^!i5>.) Job 26:2 nb Rpb to the weak. 
 Used also of God, Num. 14: 17. 
 Job 23:6. 30: 18. 
 
 2. ability, aptness, fitness. Dan. 1:4. 
 
 3. ability, means, goods, faculta- 
 ies. Job 6: 22. 36: 19. Pro v. 5: 10. 
 comp. Ezra 2: 69. 
 
 4. the strength of the earth, poet' 
 ically for its fruits, produce. Gen. 4: 
 12. Job 31:39. 
 
 Chronicles, however, chose not to 
 give the name "jrib to any but Le- 
 vitical priests. See De VVette's 
 Bf^ytriige zur Einleit. ins A. T. 
 Bandchen i.p.81, 82.also Gesenius' 
 Geschichte der hebraischen Spra- 
 che und Schrift. p. 41. Hence the 
 verb 
 
 "jiTllD Piel, denom. from 'jlnb. 
 
 1. to serve as priest, to administer 
 the priesCs office. Ex. 31: 10. usually 
 construed with ^ , Ex. 28:41. 40: 
 13, 15. Hos. 4:6."" 
 
 2. to become a priest. Deut.lO: 6. 
 
 3. Is. 61 : 10 ^ND is-tiD*^ inns 
 
 ... ; .. . J ^ ^ ... 
 
v^ 
 
 297 
 
 1 
 
 n**]!D f. verbal from ii13 , a mark 
 
 burnt in, a burnt spot. Ex. 21: 25. 
 
 ^^13 m. prim. dec. II. b. a star. Gen. 
 
 37:9. Ps. 8:5. (Arab, and Syr. 
 idem.) 
 
 ?^!3 io measure, (as in Syr. Chald. and 
 Arab.) in Kal only Is. 40: 12. 
 
 Pilp. bsbs 1. to hold in itself, 
 to comprehend, contain. 1 K. 8: 27. 
 2Chr.6: 18. 
 
 2. to support or sustain, to prO' 
 vide with the means of living. Gen. 
 45:11. 50:21. 1 K. 4: 7. 17:4. 
 Construed with two accus. Gen. 47: 
 
 12. 1 K. 18:4, 13. 
 
 3. to hold out, to endure. Mai. 3: 
 2. Prav. 18: 14. Jer. 20:9. 
 
 4. to hold up, to defend, sustain. 
 Ps. 112: 5 Ac defends his conduct be- 
 fore the court. Ps. 55 : 23 }<:im 
 
 ^bsblD" and he will sustain thee. 
 
 Pass, bsps to be nourished or 
 supported. 1 K. 20: 27. 
 
 Hiph. ^''^ri 1. i.q. Pilp. no. 1. 1 
 K. 7: 2t), 38.' " Ezek. 23 : 32 n2") 
 i'^'lDinb containing much. 
 
 2." i". q. Pilp. no. 3. Jer. G: 1 1. 10: 
 10. Joel 2: 11. 
 
 Note. The significations given 
 above are mostly embraced in the 
 Lat. tenere and its componnds,as also 
 in the English word to hold follow- 
 ed by various prepositions. 
 
 Wis m. Ex. 35:22. Num. 31: 50. a 
 
 T 
 
 golden ornament worn by the Israel- 
 ites in the desert, perhaps a brace- 
 let or necklace of gold balls, such as 
 are found native in Arabia ; comp. 
 Arab. i^^:zzs conglobavit, and Diod. 
 Sic. III.45. 
 p2 in Kal not used; literally to stand 
 
 up. Hence 'J3, In Arab. 0V^=> to 
 be ; comp Lat. existere (to be.) 
 
 Pile I ]p^3 1. to raise up., erect ; 
 e. g. a throne, Ps. 9: 8. 2 Sara. 7. 
 
 13. particularly to raise up what is 
 failing, to establish, confirm, Ps. 7: 
 10. 40:3. 68: 10. 
 
 2. to found; e. g. a city, P3. 
 38 
 
 107: 36. the earth, Ps. 24: 2. 119: 
 90. the heavens, Prov. 3: 19. 
 
 3. to direct ; e. g. an arrow to the 
 mark, Ps. 7: 13. 11:2. the heart, 
 (see Hiph. no. 4.) and so, nb. be- 
 ing understood, to direct one''s heart, 
 to attend, purpose. Job 8: 8. Is. 51: 
 13. 
 
 4. to prepare, form, make. Deut. 
 32: 6. Ps. 8: 4. 
 
 Pulal pis 1. to be prepared. E- 
 zek.28: 13. 
 
 2. to be established. Ps. 37: 23. 
 
 Hithpalel p.'-isnS-J (Prov. 24 : 3.) 
 elsewhere l^isn. 
 
 1. to be founded, established. Prov. 
 24:3. Num. 21:27. 
 
 2. to make one^s self ready, to pre- 
 pare. Ps. 59: 5. 
 
 Hiph. 'j'^^r; i. q. Pilel. 
 
 1. to raise up, erect, place ; e. g. 
 a seat, Job 29: 7. Ps. 103: 19. to es- 
 tablish, Ps. 89:5. 2 Sam. 7 n. to 
 strengthen, Ps. 10: 17. 
 
 2. to appoint, to an office. 2 Sam. 
 5:12. Josh. 4:4. 
 
 3. to found. 1 K. 6:19. Ps. 65:7. 
 
 4. to direct ; e. g. an arrow, Ps. 
 7: 14. the countenance, Ezek. 4:3. 
 the way, 2 Chr. 27 : 6. Especially 
 b :i!b yyn to direct one^s heart or 
 attend to any thing, 2 Chr. 12:14. 
 30: 19. and elliptically without nb, 
 1 Sam. 23: 22. Judg 12: 6. 1 Chr.28: 
 2. Also Ti'rn'i bfi^. ib )^^1l to di- 
 rect the heart to Jehovah, 1 Sam. 7:3. 
 and without i^, Job 11: 13. 
 
 5. to prepare, in the broadest 
 sense ; e. g. food. Gen. 43: 15. 
 
 Hoph. pass, of Hiph. nos. 1. 2.5. 
 
 Niph. pass, of Pilel and Hiph. 
 but used more metaphorically. 
 
 h to be placed uprioht^ to stand. 
 Ps. 93: 2. Di'^ri II'd: literally 
 erectum diei,mid-day,\vheu the sim is 
 directly overhead, QxadiQOv ijfiaQ, 
 Prov. 4:18. Esjjecialiy to stai d firm, 
 to abide., Ps. 101: 7 he that speaketh 
 lies shall not stand before mine eyes. 
 Job 21: 8. MetHpboncally (l.) iobe 
 becoming., right, suitable. Ex. 8^: 22. 
 [26.] Job 42: 7, 8. Ps. 5: 10. (2.) to 
 
^w 
 
 298 
 
 m:i 
 
 be upright.Fs.l Q:31 1735? 'JlSD N? Dab 
 tAeir heart was not upright with him; 
 (cprap Db'iJ ) (3.) to be firm, right.- 
 jiDD ri^i-^a right spirit,?s.bl:l2.GeQ. 
 
 41: 3;^ D-inriin fiy?: ni'irt li^: the 
 
 thing was established by God. (4.) 
 to be confident, fearless, construed 
 with ni;. Prf. 57: 8. 108: 2. 112: 7. 
 (5.) to be certain. "jlD: bN with 
 certainty, 1 Sam. 26:4. 23: 23. 
 
 2. to be prepared, ready. Prov. 
 19: 29. Neh. 8: 11. Job 15: 23. hn- 
 per. "ji^Si hold thyself ready, Ezek. 
 38: 7 Am. 4: 12. 
 
 Deriv. "jS, j^S, "j^^^, lilDia, njlD^, 
 
 : 
 
 "jlS 1 Chr. 18 :8. a Phenician city, 
 which in the parallel passage 2 
 Sam. 8: 9, is called ''nT"\2 Berytus. 
 
 y^ m. dec. I. a small cake or wafer, 
 offered to the Go(l:, libum, jconavov. 
 Jer. 7: 18. 44: 19. Sept. yavojvig, 
 ^a(3o)veg. Root ]^S, in Pi. "jiiD 
 (Chald. "inS) to prepare. Others de- 
 rive it incorrectly from m3. 
 
 .' T T 
 
 I. DiS f. plur. niDis (Jer. 35: 5.) 
 dec. \. a cup. (In Syr. and Arab. 
 idem.) Gen. 40: 1 1, 13, 21. Ps. 116: 
 13 i<t:fi< ni:'"^"::'^ Ci3 / tt"i// take the 
 cup of deliverance, i.e. I will conse- 
 crate to Jehovah a cup of gratitude 
 for deliverance. Jehovah is often 
 represented as holding a cup in his 
 hand, from which he lets the na- 
 tions drink and become intoxicated, 
 so as to fall and perish, Is. 51: 17, 
 22. Jer. 25: 15. 49: 12. 51:7. Lam. 
 4:21. Hab.2:l6. Ezek. 23: 31, 32, 
 33. So in the Arabian poets. Ps.16: 
 5 ''^^bl^ *pbn"n2^ ^"1^1 Jehovah is 
 my portion and my cup, i. e. my in- 
 heritance, possession ; comp. Deut. 
 4: 19. 
 
 II. D'13 Lev. 11: 17. Deut. 14:16. 
 Ps. 102: 7. according to the ancient 
 versions, an owl. According to Bo- 
 chart (Hieroz. P. ii. p. 267.) the pel- 
 ican, from Di3 a cup, which he re- 
 fers to the bag under the throat ; 
 comp. in Lat. true from trua. 
 
 'n'^3 m. dec. I. an oven, smelting fur- 
 nace. E^zek. 22: 18, 20,22. Prov. 
 17:3. 27: 21. Metaphorically Is. 
 48: 10 / have tried thee in the fur- 
 nace of affliction. Deut. 4: 20 and 
 he has brought you out of the iron 
 furnace, from Egypt. 1 K. 8: 51. 
 (Arab, and Syr. idem ; perhaps from 
 
 oV~=5 to be round.) 
 
 l^^^^niS {smoking furnace) proper 
 name of a city in the tribe of Sim- 
 eon. 1 Sam. 30: 30. Also simply 
 l^ijy Josh. 15:42. 19:7. 1 Chr. 4: 
 32.' 6: 44. 
 
 IIS i.q. nb q. V. 
 
 l3^3 f. Ethiopia, in the widest sense, 
 including the southern part of Ara- 
 bia, the original seat of all the E- 
 thiopians. TheArabianCush appears 
 principally intended in Gen. 10: 7, 
 8. Num. 12: 1. 2 Chr. 14: 8. 21:16. 
 Hah. 3: 7. But the African in Jer. 
 13:23. Is. 18: 1. Zeph. 3: 10. In 
 other passages the place intended 
 is less certain, as Job 28: 19. Am. 
 9: 7. Jer. 38: 7, 10, 12. 39: 16. In 
 Gen 2: 13, Ethiopia is probably 
 meant, but in the sense of a widely 
 extended southern country. Seethe 
 art. 'J^n'^a. It is to no purpose to 
 seek here for another ui^S , as 
 Michaelis has done in the name 
 Ov.~::3 in Chowarasmia. See Bo- 
 charti Phaleg,Lib. iv. cap. 2. but es- 
 pecially Michaelis Spicileg. Geogr. 
 Hebrseorum exterge, P.I. p. 143 ff. 
 The gentile noun is "^UJnS , fern. 
 n^'^J^S, plur. D"^*'vij:)2 , an Ethiopi- 
 an^ Jer. 38: 7, 10* 12. Num. 12: 1. 
 
 'jd'^3 f. Hab. 3: 7. i. q.'iJ^lS). 
 
 SlIvDlS f. dec. X. prosperity, afflu- 
 ence, abundance. Ps. 68: 7. Root 
 ^ilis no. 2. 
 
 T 
 
 n^S 2 K. 17: .30. and nn^3 verse 24. 
 
 T 
 
 the original residence of a peo- 
 ple, who, after the carrying away 
 of the ten tribes, were transplanted- 
 by the king of Assyria into their 
 
in^ 
 
 299 
 
 HD 
 
 place, and, by mixing with the in- 
 habitants that remained behind, for- 
 med the race of the Samaritanj*,who 
 in Chaldaic and Talmud, are hence 
 called D-Ti^S. The situation of Cu- 
 thah is uncertain. Josephus (Antiq. 
 IX 14. 2.) places it in Persia. An- 
 other opinion makes it a country 
 near Sidon, since the Samaritans 
 have professed to be of Sidoni- 
 an origin ; (Josephi Antiq. xi. 8. 
 G . xn. 5. 5.) See Michaelis Spi- 
 cileg. Geogr. Hebraeorum exterae. 
 P. I. p. 104 fif. 
 
 TnrrO see nnnb. 
 
 ^T!3 in Kal only in the part. iTS Ps. 
 116: 11. More frequently in Pi. nr3 
 to lie. Job 6: 28. 34 : 6. Construed 
 with ^, to lie to any one, to deceive 
 him, Ps. 78: 36. 89: 36 I'^l'l^ DN 
 iTDN shall I lie to David ^ i.e. shall 
 1 break my divine promise? (comp. 
 Num. 23: 19.) Ezek. 13: 19. with 2 
 in the same sense, 2 K. 4: 16. Used 
 metaphorically of water which 
 dries up and deceives the hope of 
 the traveller, Is. 58 : 11. Comp. 
 
 Hiph. to make or prove any one a 
 liar. Job 24: 25. 
 
 Niph. pass, of Hiph. to be proved 
 false. Job 41: 1. [41:9.] 
 
 -^Ti* m. verbal from its, dec. IV. a. 
 
 1. a lie^ deception. Ps. 4: 3. 5: 7. 
 Prov. 6: 19. 
 
 2. something false^ e. g. an idol, 
 Ps. 40: 6. Am. 2: 5. 
 
 i^^j'p 1 Chr. 4: 22. prob. i. q. ^''tS . 
 
 ^"^TlD Gen. 38: 5. i. q. a'^TSJJ a place 
 
 in the tribe of Judah, Josh 15: 44. 
 nS strength, see HIS* 
 <n3 in Kal not used ; perhaps to be 
 concealed^ invisible. 
 
 Pi. nriS 1.^0 conccaZ. Job 27:11. 
 
 Ps. 40:11. Construed with ^ of 
 
 the person /rom whom. Josh. 7:19. 
 
 1 Sam. 3: 1 7, 1 8. Jer. 3: 1 4, 25. 
 
 2. to deny. Is. 3: 9. Job 6: 10. (In 
 
 Ethiop. ins to renounce^ e. g. 
 Christ, Satrin.) 
 
 Hiph. "T^nsn 1. to hide. Job 20: 
 12. 
 
 2. to destroy, e. g. a people. Ex. 
 23:23. Zech. 11:8. (In both significa- 
 tions the idea is that of the Greek 
 
 JNiph. 1. pass, of Pi. no. 1. 2 
 Sam. 18:13. Ps.69:6. 13'J:15. Hos. 
 5:3. 
 
 2. pass, of Hiph. no. 2. Job 4: 7. 
 15:28. 22:20. With the addition 
 from the earth, Ex. 9: 15. 
 
 /^nS, Arab. V3ZT=s to paint the 
 eyes with alcohel, i. e. with stibium 
 or black oxid of antimony. Ezek. 
 23: 40. This eye paint of the He- 
 brew women, (also called ^nD, in 
 Greek iyriijfic,)\s a fine mineral pow- 
 der,with which, when moistened, the 
 women paint the inside of the eye- 
 lids, leaving a narrow black rim a- 
 round the edge. Comp. Hart- 
 mann's Hebraerin am Putzische, 
 Th. 2. p. 149 ff. Th.3. p. 198ff. 
 Bottiger's Sabina, p. 22. 48. 
 
 12^rO literally to lie^ (see Piel ;) but 
 in Kal used only metaphorically, 
 (like ;3T5 q.v.) to waste away, defi- 
 cere. Ps". 109: 24 ]iy^12 '2JnS "'^ipa 
 myjlesh wastes away from fatness,i.e. 
 from being fat, it becomes lean. 
 Comp. ujns. 
 
 Pi. Tljn.s'l. to lie. Lev. 19:11, 
 Hos. 4: * 1 K. 13: 18 ib '^ns he 
 lied to him. 
 
 2. to deny. Gen. 18: 15. Josh. 7: 
 11. Construed with a of the per- 
 son and thing, Lev. 5:* 21, 22. Job. 
 8: 18. Hence {liJT^a "dJinS to deny 
 Jehovah, Is. 59: 13. Jer. 5: 12. with 
 b. Job 31 : 28. Also without inin'' 
 in the same sense, Prov. 30 : 9 "Ji^ 
 ^nUinST 2?2^fc< lest I befall and deny 
 Go'dy'' 
 
 3. to dissembl,flatier,used of con- 
 quered enemies who feign submis- 
 sion. Ps. 18: 45. 66: 3. 81: 16. 
 
 4. to deceive (one's expectation,) 
 hence to waste away^ to fail. Hos. 
 
300 
 
 1*^:3 
 
 9: 2. Hab. 3:17. Comp. the Lat. 
 spein mentita seges^ fundus metidax. 
 
 Niph. Deiit. 33: 29. and Hithpa. 
 2 Sam. 22: 45. i. q. Kal no. 3. to 
 Jlatter or submit to a conqueror. 
 
 *23n!D m. verbal from tins, dec. VI. c. 
 
 1. a Zie, deception^ hypocrisy, Nah. 
 3: 1. Hos. 12: 1. [11: 12.] 
 
 2. leanness. Job 16 : 8. See the 
 verb in Kal. 
 
 i23ni3 m. (for U3n5,)verbal from tins, 
 dec. I. lying., a liar. Is, 30: 9. 
 
 ! *^3 m. (for "^IS,) subst.a marA; burnt 
 in., a brandy stigma. Is. 3: 24. (Root 
 ims to be burned, whence the Arab. 
 
 ^ =^ a mark burnt in.) 
 
 li. ^3 a primitive particle, probably 
 in its primary acceptation a relative 
 pronoun, i. q. n^^t, Gen. 4 : 25. 
 Beut. 14 : 29. Ps. 90 : 4. (These 
 passages, however, are all capable 
 of a different interpretation.) Hence 
 (like the Greek ore, and Latin quod^) 
 used as a conj. 
 
 1. that, quod. Gen. 1:4. "^S "^^I'^n 
 it came to pass that, Job 1: 5,-That, 
 so that, ut, ita ut, construed with a 
 future used as a subjunctive, Deut. 
 14: 24. Judg. 9 : 28. "^Drf literally 
 is it so that, (French est ce que,) 
 hence as an interrogative particle, 
 i.q. Lat. an ? Job G: 22. 2 Sam.9:l. 
 Also is it not so that, (French n\st - 
 ce pas que,) hence i, q. Lat. nonne ? 
 vere, 2 Sam. 23: 19. 
 
 2. for, because. Gen. 3: 14, 17. 
 Deut. 23: 8. Gen. 41 : 49. Comp. 
 ^3 1?^ "^3 b^ because. 
 
 3. if Ex. 3: 21. Lev. 21: 9. 1 
 Sam. 24: 20. 
 
 4. when, quum. Hos. 11:1. 
 
 5. yet, althouo^h. Ps. 116: 10. Ex. 
 5: 11. also "^s-O.n and t:^ ''S (Ecc. 
 4: 14.) * " " 
 
 6. i. q. I3i^^ -^3 but. Gen. 45 : 8. 
 Ex. 16: 8. 1 k. 21: 15. 
 
 7. yea rather, immo. Ps. 44: 23. 
 49: 11. 130: 4. 
 
 8. It is often used at the begin- 
 
 ning of a proposition, where it may 
 be omitted in translating, like the 
 Germ, ja! Zech. 3: 8. 2 Sam. 19: 
 23. So before the direct address, 
 like the Greek on, Ruth 1 : 10. 
 Josh. 2: 24. 1 Sam. 10: 19. and af- 
 ter oaths, 1 Sam. 26 : 16. 14 : 44. 
 25: 34. 2Chr. 18: 13. 
 
 9. at the beginning of the apodo- 
 sis or turn of the sentence, so, then. 
 Gen. 22: 17. 31: 42. Num. 22: 33. 
 Job 8: 6. 37: 20. 
 
 Ci^i ^D^ 1. i.q. D^5 if the force of ''3 
 being lost. 1 Sam. 20: 9. Ex. 22: 22. 
 
 2. that. Gen. 47: 18. 
 
 3. unless, (comp. D^{ no. 5.) Gen. 
 32: 27. Lev. 22: 6. Hence in swear- 
 ing i. q. ^b 35, 2 K. 5: 20. 2 Sam. 
 15: 21. Jer. 51: 14. Judg. 15: 7. 
 
 4. after a negation, except, other 
 than. Gen. 28: 17. Est. 2: 15. 
 
 5. but. Gen.32:29. 40:14. 1 Sam. 
 8:19. Ps. I: 2. 
 
 I 3 m. dec. I. destruction, misfortune, 
 5c ^ 
 Job 21: 20. (Arab. Osj^=> liter- 
 ally insidice, and hence destruction.) 
 
 '11'l^S m. dec. I. found only Job 41: 
 11. [41:19.] sparks. Arab. Tjs 
 5 c > 
 
 ^-^ > a striking of fire.) 
 
 "Jl 1^3 m. \. a dart, javelin, probably 
 different from rr^in a spear. Job 41: 
 21. [41 : 29.] 1 Sam. 17: 6, 45. 
 Josh. 8: 18, 26. The etymology is 
 unknown. Some connect it with T^d 
 destruction, (like n'ln from n^n ;)* 
 but it is more probably i. q. yr\p 
 Arab. (^j^X3 a spear, lance. 
 
 2. proper name of a country, 1 
 Chr. 13: 9 'ji"j"'3 'j'^.^, in the par- 
 allel passage 2 Sam.' 6: 6 p33 ]'l.n. 
 
 111^3 m. found only Job 15 : 24. 
 prob. the tumult of war. Vulg. pros- 
 Hum. Syr. Arab, bellum, (Root 'I'lS, 
 in Arab, turbari,) 
 
 I'^'^S found only Am. 5: 26 11^3 
 DS'^iab^ the frame or carriage of 
 your idols. V^ulg. imaginem idolo- 
 rum vestrorum. Root "j^s particu- 
 
&^D 
 
 301 
 
 b^ 
 
 larly the Piel 1*3. "|!i3 to put wjo, 
 prepare^ form ; (see "{13.) Others, 
 following the Syriac^ version and 
 some Jewish conr)menlators, make 
 
 1^*3 i. q. Arab. (jU.-i.==3 the star 
 Saturn ; namely, 5tt/rn, i/owr ido/, 
 the plur. D3"'7pi:: being used poeti- 
 cally. But this does not accord so 
 well with the parallel clause. 
 
 ll^lS and "^^S m. dec. I. 
 
 1. a basin^ particularly for wash- 
 ing. Ex. 30-. 18, 28. 31: 9. 35: 16. 
 39: 39. 1 K. 7: 38. u;fi< '-|^'^3 a pan 
 of fire, Zech. 12: 6. 
 
 2. a round stage or scaffold, on 
 which king Solomon stood, when 
 he consecrated the temple. 2 Chr. 
 6: 13. 
 
 Piur. a^^i-flS 2 Chr. 4:6. and 
 nnni^s 1 K. 7 :' 38, 40, 43. (Root 
 
 prob. '^:)3=Arab. j\^ ? to he 
 rnund,^ 
 
 V'^S Is. 32 : 5. and "h^ verse 7. a 
 deceiver, a fraudulent man. Vulg. 
 fraudulentus. Prob. for '^^'^313, from 
 ^32 "^ is the termination of ad- 
 
 ~T 
 
 jectives in Chaldaic, as . in He- 
 brew. 
 
 ni7*^!p pl"r. fern. Ps. 74: 6. 
 hammers or hatchets, for striking. 
 (Chald. MDirnp a cudgel, club.) 
 
 n^'^lD f. the Pleiades, the Seven Stars. 
 Am. 5: 8. Job 9:9. 38 : 31. Liter- 
 ally a heap, collection, from the root 
 d13=Arab. pV=3 conj. II. to heap 
 
 up ; bs^t=^ a heap. The Asiatic 
 poets often speak of the band of 
 the Pleiades ; hence we may ex- 
 plain Job 38:31 nii'iy^ '^?Ilf?v! 
 !n73"'3 canst thou fasten the bands of 
 the Pleiades ? 
 w 3 m. a hag, purse. (In Syr. and 
 Arab, idem.) (1.) for gold Prov. 
 1 : 14. Is. 46:6. (2.) for the 
 weights of the merchant, such as 
 is used at the present day in the 
 
 east. Deut. 25:13. Mic. 6:11. 
 Hence D"'3 "^pSN the weights of the 
 bag, Prov. 16: '11. 
 
 Q^")*^3 dual, found only Lev. 11 : 35. 
 Sept. yrvTQonodsg, i. e. prob. the 
 bricks or stones, on which the JVoma- 
 des place the pot over the fire, a kind 
 of hearth, oUcb sustentaculum. 
 
 ITlD'^3 found only Prov. 31 : 19. ac- 
 cording to the Jewish commenta- 
 tors, the distaff. 
 
 n^D adv. i. q. Jl3 or Jib thus. Ex. 12: 
 
 11. 29 : 35. Num. 8 : 26. Comp. 
 ln3r\Nt how ? 
 
 1133 f. dec. I I.b. literally a circle, prob. 
 for ^3^3, from the root ^13 in 
 Arab, to be round. Hence 
 
 1. circuit, surrounding country. 
 Neb. 1 2: 28 ll^lHtl 133 the coun- 
 try on the Jordan,' ij en. 13: 10, 11. 
 1 K. 7 : 47. in other places simply 
 nssrj. Gen, 13: 12. 19: 17. 
 
 "2. with Dnb, a round cake or loaf 
 (the usual fo'rin of bread in ancient 
 times,) placenta. Ex. 29:23. 1 Sam. 
 2: 36. Prov. 6: 26. Plur^ m. nn3 3 
 DH^. Judg. 8: 5. 1 Sam. 10: 3. '' ' 
 
 3. as a weight, a talent, Syr. 
 
 I fliD . It appears from Ex. 38: 25, 
 26, to have contained 3000 shekels 
 of the sanctuary. Zech. 5 : 7. '-i33 
 niir a talent of gold, 1 K. 9: 1 4. 1 0: 10,* 
 U'^Dual a-.'iSS two talents,?ind used 
 before a genitive, as p)D3 D'^';\33 2 
 K. 5 : 23. Plur. D"n33' f. T Chr. 
 22: 14. 29: 7. Ezra 8:V6. 
 
 n?!D, plur. 'j''133, Chald. idem. Ezra 
 
 7 : 22. * ' * 
 
 VS, bi!D (Jer. 33: 8 Kethib,) before 
 Makkeph -^^3, m. verbal from b^3, 
 dec. VIII.j(. a subst. all, the whole, 
 totality. But generally it is more 
 convenient to render it in English 
 as an adj. 
 
 1. all. Thus D1wNn-b3 all men, 
 literally the whole of men ; n'^nrj""'^3 
 all animals.-Wiih sufT. ;i;"^3 all of 
 us, 23^3 all of you, d';?3 all of them. 
 
 2. every one, omnis, D^Nll-b3 
 
mh^ 
 
 302 
 
 nb^ 
 
 every man. M:'ij~l::33 every year^ 
 Est. 9 : 21. bbb ^";;N5 bbn cucri/ 
 one is as the other^ i. e. all are alike, 
 Ecc. 9 : 2. 
 
 3. the whole. d^Tl'^S the whole 
 
 ~ T 
 
 day, Is. 28 : 24. "^12^")^^ my whole 
 people, Gen. 41 : 40. hl^r^''b:2 the 
 whole ram, Ex. 29 : 18. With'suff. 
 '^'b'D, ^\'2 the whole of thee, thou 
 wholly, is. 22: 1. Mic. 2: 12. tl^^273 
 n'^3 the whole of tlgypt, Ezek. 29:2. 
 
 4. some one, some thins". 'n^li bb 
 ani/ ^^irto-, Ruth 4: 7. bb N "i? nothing. 
 Num. 11: 6. 
 
 5. of all kinds or 5or/.9. Lev. 19 : 
 23 V5"-^ ^'<^<^^ o/^^ /anc/s. Neb. 
 13: 16. Tchr. 29: 2. 
 
 6. in connexion with certain par- 
 ticles, as ^iy-bs so long as, Job 27: 
 3. 'ip n72y~b3 }w^^ a*? exactly as, 
 Ecc. 5:15. 
 
 Note. In the three first signifi- 
 cations bb is fi>l!ovved by ihe arti- 
 cle. In significations nos. 5. 6. the 
 article is omitted. See Gr. 165. 5. 
 
 D Chald. idetn. With Makkeph "bS, 
 more frequently with Ji paraij, 
 i<bb, as in Dan. 2: 40. 4: 9, 18, 25. 
 [4^12,21,28.] 
 
 N^3 nearly synonymous with "^l^i?. 
 ^ ^\.'to hold back., to restrain., to re- 
 tain. Num. 11:28. Ecc. 8: 8. Ps. 
 40: 10. Construed with p of the 
 action, 1 Sam. 25: 33. Ps. 119: 101. 
 With "i^i of the person, to withhold 
 from any one. Gen. 23 : 6. Ps. 40 : 
 12. Comp. Hag. 1: 10. 
 
 2. to shut up, to confine. Jer. 32: 
 2, 3. Ps. 88 : 9. Intrans. to shut it- 
 self up ^ Hag. 1: 10. 
 
 Niph. 1. to be restrained, hence 
 to cease. Gen. 8: 2. Ex. 36: 6. 
 
 Note. This verb often borrows 
 it? form from nb!2. Hence ''Dnbs 
 1 Sam.'25: 33. Jb3 1 S;im. 6':Vo: 
 nlrlD-; Gen. 23: 6. an'd ^DNlrS Ps. 119: 
 101. On the contrary ti.\'2 infin. 
 Pi. has the signification of nbs or 
 
 Deriv. out of course N^bs, N'^^3) 
 r:bs?3, niNb:p;^. 
 
 Vs 
 
 ^ r-^^ m. with suff. iiibs, verbal from 
 i^bls, dec. VI. h. a prison. Jer. 52: 
 33V 2 K. 25 : 29. More commonly 
 Nb.3 n"^2, i<b.Stj fT"? 2 K. 17:4. 
 22: 27. Plur. ti'^ub'D^ \n2 Is. 42: 22. 
 
 D'^i<^!D dual, of two kinds, (Arab. 
 
 (^^l==) two, in Ethiop. of two 
 
 kinds.) Lev. 19: 19. Deut. 22: 9. 
 
 lnVlD. m. dec VI. a. 
 
 ' ' \, a dog. This animal in (he east 
 often runs wild without an owner, 
 and becomes fierce and dangerous. 
 Ps. 22: 17, 21. As an unclean ani- 
 mal it is used by the Hebrews as a 
 word of reproach, 2 K. 8: 13. espe- 
 cially a dead dog, 1 Sam, 24: 15. 2 
 Sam. 9: 8. 16: 9. or a dog^s head, 2 
 Sam. 3: 8. 
 
 2. puer mollis, scortmn virile, 
 (comp. y.vv6g Pie v. 22 : 15.) Deut. 
 23: 18. elsewhere u:np . 
 
 DrS Caleb, the proper name of a 
 contemporary of Joshua. Num. 
 13: 7. 14: 6 if. Josh. 15: 14. 
 
 n^3 1. to be completed, finished. Ex. 
 39: 32. 1 K. 6: 3B. 
 
 2. to be over, past. Gen. 41 : 53. 
 Is. 24 : 13 ^^i:n lnb3 a^? -^hen the 
 vintage is over. 32 : 10. Is. 10 : 25 
 d^T Inb^'^ and the anger {of God) 
 shall be over. 16: 4. 
 
 3. to be prepared or ready for any- 
 one, spoken particularly of some- 
 thing evil. Prov. 22: 8 in^ji:?. tli^T 
 InbD'' and the rod of correction for 
 him is prepared. Construed with 
 d:v;^., riii12 of the person by whom, 
 Est. 7: 7. 1 Sam. 20: 7, 9. 25: 17. 
 
 4. to be consumed, to be all gone. 
 Gen. 21: 15. 1 K. 17: 16. 
 
 5. to waste away, vanish, disap- 
 pear; spoken of a cloud. Job 7: 9. 
 of smoke, Ps. 37: 20. of time. Job 
 7:6. Ps. 31:11. Lam. 2: 1 1 mine 
 eyes waste away from weeping. In 
 Hebrew we often find the phrases 
 ^^25 nnr^ Ps. 84:3. "^rj:!^ ^'K^:il 
 Ps.l43:V.'and'^r5? nbs Ps.69Vi' 
 
T^hi 
 
 303 
 
 nVs 
 
 tny soul, my spirit^ my eyes faint or 
 languish for any thing, i. e. I 
 languish. These phrases are al- 
 so used of disappointed hope, Job 
 11:20. 17:5. Jer. 14: 6. Lam. 4: 
 17. Comp. the similar construc- 
 tion with D^n. 
 
 6. to be destroyed^ to perish^ spok- 
 en of men. Jer. 16: 4. Ezek. 5:13. 
 Ps. 39: 11. 
 
 7. to be fulfilled, spoken of a 
 prophecy. Ezra 1: 1. Dan. 12: 7. 
 
 Note. The fut. rrbipn after the 
 analosry of verbs ijp, occurs once 
 1 K. r7: 14. 
 
 Pi. InVs 1. to complete^ finish. Gen. 
 2:2. 6:16. Construed with ^ and 
 an innn. to finish or cease to do any 
 thing, Gen. 24 : 15 J-l^3 d^p. mn 
 '12'lb he had not yet finished speak- 
 ing. 43:1. Num. 7: 1. DeutSl: 24. 
 with 1^, Ex. 34: 33. Lev. 16: 20. 
 This signification may often be ex- 
 pressed in English by means of ad- 
 verbs, as to speak through., to eat up. 
 
 2. to prepare. Pro v. 16 : 30 n^3 
 Jli?1 he prepares^ i. e. devises, mw- 
 
 chief See Kal no. 3. 
 
 3. to consume, let pass away^ as 
 time. Ps. 78: 33 he lets their days pass 
 axst^uy like breath, 90: 9. Is. 49: 4 
 ''^"'c.^ Tjb b^n") qninb for nought 
 and in vain have I spent my strength. 
 "^fVc ^ipsi nlsS to cause the eyes of 
 any one to fail., i.e. to cause any one 
 to languish. Job 31: 16. 1 Sam. 2: 
 33 Lev. 26: 16. 
 
 4. to consume., destroy ; as men, 
 nations, through hunger, Gen. 41: 
 30. Jer. 14: 12. also generally 2 
 Sam. 2 1 : 5. In^S ^? 2 K. 1 3 : 1 7, 
 19. and nl?Db-13? 2Chr. 31: 1. even 
 to destruction. Dni'^3*"15 until they 
 are destroyed., 1 Sam. 15: 18. 
 
 5. to fulfil., (a prophecy.) 
 
 Pu. SnVs and n'^S to be finished^ 
 ended. Gen. 2: 1. Ps.'72: 20. 
 
 Deriv. out of course "^^3, ^"^^3, 
 rr-b^n. T\\i:r\, nn^Ta. 
 
 Note. Some forms of inbs borrow 
 
 X T 
 
 their signification from Nbs q. v. 
 
 n^3 , fern. nb3 , verbal from Jibs > 
 
 .' T ' T T ' XT 
 
 dec. X. languishing^ failing., spoken 
 of the eye; see the verb, Kal no. 
 5. and Pi. no. 3. Deut. 28: 32. 
 
 ri^S f. verbal from nbSi dec. XL a. 
 
 T -r T T 
 
 1. destruction. T\'z^T\^yto cause 
 
 T r T T 
 
 or make utter destruction., Jer. 4:27. 
 5:10. Neh. 9 :31. Nah. 1 : 8, 9. 
 This phrase is construed with 
 2, Jer. 30: 11. and with nij of the 
 person destroyed, Jer. 5:18. 46: 28. 
 Ezek. 11: 13. 20: 17. 
 
 2, as an 2i(\v. entirely., wholly., altO' 
 gether. Gen. 18: 2\. Ex. 11: 1. So 
 tibdb 2Chr. 12: 12. 
 
 nV? f. dec. X. 1. a bride. Cant. 4: 8 
 ff. Jer. 2: 32. (Root y-D , Syr. Pa. 
 ^St-^L> to crown^ to put on a marriage 
 garland.) 
 
 2. a daughter-in-law. Gen. 38: 1 1, 
 24. Corap. the different significa- 
 tions of inn. 
 
 <^^'^ /?!3 m. verbal from i<r3 , a prison^ 
 i. q. i<b.S. Found only in the Keri 
 ofJer.37:4. 52:31. In the Kethib 
 
 is i&<^'p3. 
 
 3^P3 m. a basket; (1.) for fruit. Am* 
 8: 1, 2. (2.) for a bird-cage, Jer. 5: 
 27. (Syr. idem. In Greek xXw^og, 
 nlovpog, xXo(36g a cage., the word 
 being derived from the east.) 
 
 ni'PVS fem. plur. denom.from lr'^3> 
 bridal state., condition of a bride. Set- 
 
 2:2. 
 
 i n /J m. soundness., strength., activi- 
 ty., i. q. Syr. c.^.^.::). Job 5: 2ft 
 
 n2p~'^^j5< rt'^^;^ fi^ilan thou shalt come 
 to the grave in full strength., i.e. as 
 an active old man. 30:2 "ilj^ ijz'^bsr 
 nbs whose activity is lost. Others 
 
 derive the signification oW ao"c from 
 chap. 5: 26 and apply it to 30; 2^ 
 thus, in whom old age languishes^ 
 not soiled to the connexion. 
 
 II. nVS found only Gen. 10: 11. a 
 city mentioned in connexion with 
 several Assyrian cities, perhaps i. q. 
 
^bo 
 
 304 
 
 0^3 
 
 >lctl qv. (comp. 'ins and ^^^n.) 
 See Michaelis Suppiera. p. 707. 
 *^/^3 m. iri pause '']:3, with suff. ^^}:3, 
 piur. Ci^S, const. "I'^s, irreg. (troiii 
 In): 3 io 6e completed, ready. '^ 
 
 1. a vessel, utensil. Gen. 31: 37. 
 45: 20. Ps. 2:9.~nnT "^b^, ;nDD ^!:3 
 
 FT : ' * : 
 
 vessels of gold, oj silver, Ex. o: 22. 
 11: 2. nnn:' n-^n "bs Jer. 27: 18. 
 and !Tin^ ^b.3 is. 52:11. iAe vessels 
 of the temple. In^TA ""'^.3 Jurnilure 
 for travelling, Ezek. 12: 7. 
 
 2. a c/of/i, garment, "^is '^i'ii a 
 man's garment, Deut. 22:5 
 
 3. an instrument, tool. 'n'^Ui'"'^^^ 
 
 .... 
 
 musical instruments, 2 Chr. 3-1 : 12. 
 Am. fci: 5 also without n'^U; in the 
 
 (comp. 'n\'2 no. 5.) Ps. 16:7 
 '^rii'^';?3 '^3/l'lO'^ my reins, i. e. my in- 
 ward" ^di is,' admonish me. 1:5: ^l, 
 Piov. 23: 16. (In Chald. and Arab. 
 idem. Kindred with D'^i^bs) 
 
 ^^r"^ m. verbal from b^3, dec. Ill.a. 
 
 1. as an adj. perfect, complete. E- 
 zek. 28: 12 'B^ ]:''^3 perfect in beau- 
 ty. 27: 3. Lam. 2: 15. Ezek. 16: 14. 
 
 2. as a subst. the whole. Judg. 20: 
 40 1*'^-n ^"i^D the whole of the city. 
 Ex. 28:31 nlri^ri b^"::3 all of bluish 
 purple. 39:22. Num. 4:6. 
 
 3. as an adv. wholly, utterly. Is. 2: 
 18. Lev. 6: 15. [22.J 
 
 4. i. q. mbl^ o. whole burnt offtr- 
 ing, holocaustum. Deut. 33: 10. Ps. 
 51:21. 
 
 same sense, Ps.71:22. Metaphori- V^^^ to complete, make per/ecf. Found 
 callv Smili D^t ^r3 instruments of ~-', ^ \ ^ 'L . 
 
 . V ' ^ ~" ,"\c r T na ./ only Ezek. 27:4, 11. Denv. ^3 , 
 the divine anger Is. 3: 5^ Jer.50:25. ^..'^ ^^^^ , ^^V^^, qV,^^^. 
 
 4. a vessel, boat. Is. 18:2. LL ' " * "" "' ~ 
 
 5. a weapon. Gen. 27: 3. Often P^S Chald. idem. Hence Shaph. 
 joiaedw.thn^rta, Ju<lg.l8:ll,16. li^^ ^,^^^^ . ,, g ^ ,4 p^^^_ 
 ma-^b,3o(m.%z.'ea;,o*, Ps.7:H. ^C3s,-.si, Ezra. 4 : 13, 16. In the 
 C^i^S Nt:D armo// -Nearer, 1 Sam. 14: "'"'* 
 
 Kethib of Ezra 4: 12. we find 
 
 lbb3a;N, with the omission of n. 
 *!D in Kal not used. In Arab, to 
 
 " T 
 
 wound. 
 
 1,6,7 If. 31:4,5,6. 
 
 ^'^5 see 'V-'S. 
 
 ^^''rS m. verbal from i^lrS, a prison. 
 Found only in the Kethib of Jer. 
 37:4 52: 31. 
 
 t3 m. const. 'ji'^rS , verbal from 
 Jibs, dec. III. d. 
 
 i. a languishing (of the eyes.) 
 Deut. 28: 65. See nbs no. 5. 
 
 T T 
 
 2. destruction. Is. lU: 22. 
 nVb!D plur. fern, const. D^'^bs, dec. 
 
 XL c. 
 
 1. the reins, kidneys. Ex.29:13,22. 
 Job 16: 13. D-'V^'?. ^'^"'^^ ^\^ ^^^^ 
 kidney fat of rams, Is. 34: 6. comp. 
 Deut. 32: 14. 
 
 2. by a metonymy .,the inward parts, 
 like 1i\ , with which it is frequent- 
 ly connected. Jer. 11: 20 nvblD "ina 
 Sbl trying the reins and the heart. 
 I7T1O. 20: 12. Ps. 7: 10. "^n^^b.^ :ib3 
 my 'reins languish, i. e. I languish, 
 I fail from languishing, Job 19 : 27. 
 
 Hiph. fi"'bp.ti and D'^bstl (1 Sam. 
 25: 7.) ' 
 
 1. to put to shame, to make asham- 
 ed.. Job 11:3. Prov. 25:8. Ps . 44: 
 10. Hence to bring shame or dis- 
 grace on any one, Prov. 28: 7. 
 
 2. to reproach. 1 Sam. 20: 34. 
 
 3. to hurt, injure. 1 Sam. 25: 
 7. Jutlg. 18:7. 
 
 Ho ph. 1. to be made ashamed, to 
 be frustrated in one^s hope. Jer. 14: 
 3. Comp. Niph. 
 
 2. to be hurt, injured. 1 Sam. 25: 
 15. 
 
 Niph. 1. to be ashamed, to feel 
 ashamed, synonymous with "wiz. 
 Num. 12: 14. Construed with ]T2 
 of the thing o/" which one is asham- 
 ed, Ezek. 16:27,54. 
 
 2. to be brought to shame, to be dis- 
 graced. Jer. 31:19. Ps. 35: 4. 
 
 3. to be insulted. 1 Chr. 19: 5. 
 
&a3 
 
 305 
 
 P 
 
 'TQT?3 name of a place or country, 
 
 probably in Arabia. Once Ezek. 
 27: 23. 
 
 il^a^S f. verbal from t3^3, dec. X. 
 shame, reproach. Ps. 69: 8. Jer. 51: 
 51. Ezek. 16:54. 
 
 npb? Gen. 10:10. Tizb^ Am. 6:2. 
 and i::5 Is. 10: 9. proper name of 
 an Ass)'rian city ; according to the 
 Tarsfums, Eusebius, Jerome and 
 others,Cim///iow,a great city on the 
 eastern bank of the Tigris, over 
 against Seleucia. See Bocharti Pha- 
 leg, Lib. IV. cap. 18. Michaelis Spi- 
 cileg. Geogr. Hebraeor. exter. T. I. 
 
 conceal; without doubt synonymous 
 with D53, which is substituted for 
 it in the Samar. text. See &^?3 . 
 *)M found only in Niph. "^^33. 
 
 1, to be burned^ to burn. Lam. 6: 
 lU our skin burns^ as an oven^ from 
 the heat of hunger. (Talmud 'ntt')^ 
 calefactio.) 
 
 2. metaphorically to be kindled^ 
 excited ; spoken of affection, con- 
 strued with by, 1 K. 3: 26. with bi^., 
 Gen. 43: 29. spoken of compassion, 
 Hos. 11:8. (Perhaps we may 
 likewise compare ^73n, Arab. /.+^ 
 
 to rise by fermenting^ in Talmud to 
 burn.) 
 
 Deriv. '^"*^3. 
 
 p. 228. 
 
 n^S to long or languish after any ^^'l^^ masc. plur. idolatrous priests. 
 thing, i.q. ilVs no. 5. Ps. 63 : 2. 2 K. 23: 5. Hos. 10: 5. Zeph. 1: 4. 
 
 (Arab. ^S^ > to be dim of sight, to 
 
 be weak.) 
 i1^3 see n^. 
 'V2^y 'M2'3 i. q. 3. 1. as. Before 
 
 substantives itis used only in poetry; 
 but before most of the sutlixes it is 
 the uual form for 3 ; as "^Z^TZID , 
 ^ittS, ^r5i?2S, ?3i3. ^21723; in the 
 other persons more frequently 
 D33, Dns, rarely D31723, Drji723. 
 2 when. Gen. 19: 15. ' 
 "dto m. 1 K. 11:7. 2 K.23:13. Jer. 
 48: 7. the national god of the Mo- 
 abites and Ammonites, (Judg. 11: 
 24.) which under Solomon was also 
 worshipped at Jerusalem. Hence 
 uii)33 Di!" the people of Chemosh., i.e. 
 Moab, Num. 21: 29. Sept. Xccf^Mg. ^ 
 Vulg. Chamos. The pagan Arabi- 
 ans are said by tradition to have 
 worshipped him under the form of 
 a black stone. 
 
 "j^S m. cumin, Arab, (^..^s, Greek 
 Tiv^ivov, cuminum. Is. 28 : 25, 27. 
 The cuminum of the ancients is 
 the cuminum sativum of Linnaeus. 
 
 tiyD found only Deut. 32: 34. to hide, 
 
 39 
 
 (Syr. I i.i;Q.o a priest generally ; 
 the idolatrous priests of Palestine 
 being, as might be expected, deriv- 
 ed from Syria.) 
 
 *)'^"5'Q^ m. prob. a deadly heat, sultri' 
 ness, hot breath, from ^izlD . of the 
 same form with ^I'^nD'iJ, (except 
 that it has Hirik under the first 
 syllable.) Job 3:5 ^T'l^^ ^i^O?-'^? 
 Ci"* the heats of the day terrify him; 
 comp. particularly Lam. 5: 10. (see 
 Bellermann Metrik der Hebriier, p. 
 178.) Others: the blackness or the 
 sadness of the day, from the Syr. 
 
 7 
 
 j.l^.'S to be sad. Others, following 
 
 the Caph veritatis, and '''n*''^^ bit- 
 terness, misfortune. 
 
 "3 1. strictly a participle from "J^is, 
 dec. I. a. rectus, hence metaphori- 
 cally, upright, honest, sincere. Gen. 
 42: n, 19,31. Is. 16:6 p-Nb in- 
 sincerity , falsehood, non rectum. As 
 an adv. right, rightly, rede. Num. 
 27:7. 36:5. 2 K. 7:9. Ecc. 8: 10. 
 
 2. the same. Ps. 127:2. 1 Sam.23: 
 17. and then as an adv. (1.) thus, so. 
 Gen. 29: 26. Josh. 2: 21 . 2 Sam. 5: 
 5. {2.) then, therefore. Ps. 48 : 6. 
 
^3^) 
 
 306 
 
 13D 
 
 see 153. (3.) before the latter clause 
 of a sentence nearly pleonastic, so, 
 then. 1 Sam. 9: 13. (4.) when :d or 
 *1*i:ND precedes, as . ... so. Ex. 1: 
 12. Hos. 4: 7. Also 3 being under- 
 stood, Hos. 11: 2. Jiidg. 6:15 {as) 
 issachar, so Barak. 
 
 In composition we find (1.) 
 15 "^HN, """iHi^ after{it was so)that^af- 
 
 ter that. ^2:)'"^:?^ then, on this account, j-^^' jn Kal not used. In Arab. conj. 
 as in Chaldaic. Ecc.8:10.Est.4: 16 
 
 97. ed. Mangey.) Odmann verm. 
 Samml. aus der Naturkunde, H. I. 
 cap. 6. The Jewish commentators 
 and Josephus(Antiq.ii.l4. 3.) with 
 less probability make these insects 
 lice. Hence in the Talmud Hl'3 a 
 
 T 
 
 louse. So Bochart (Hieroz. T.ll.p. 
 572 ff.) 
 
 Note. ^2 in Is. 51:6, is proba- 
 bly the singular of this noun. 
 
 (3.)"jdV therefore^on this account^J udg. 
 10:13! 1 Sam. 3: 14. yet, (Arab, 
 
 (J.5C5,) Hos. 2: ll.[2:9.1 Jer. 16: 
 
 M.'^SO: 16. Ezek. 39:25. (4.) 13-^? 
 therefore, on this account. Gen. 20:6. 
 Also for 'n^iJN 13"^^ because that. 
 
 I. II. IV. V. and in Chald. to call 
 by an honourable surname or title j 
 blande loqui. 
 
 Pi. 1. idem.ls. 44: 5 bi^^iU'^ D^in 
 il-,3^ he shall call upon the name 
 of Israel, i. e. address him in a 
 friendly manner. 45: 4 "^i^i* '^'^'^^. 
 I have called thee by thy name, i. e. 
 have called upon thee in a friendly 
 or flattering manner. 
 
 2. to flatter generally. Job 32:21, 
 22. 
 
 propterea quod, Gen 38: 26. Ps. 42: 
 7. 45:3. Num. 11:31. 14:43. (5.) 
 13-^5 till now, as yet. Neh. 2:16. 
 
 II. 13, with suflf. "^-S, 135, verbal 
 
 from*^:3 i. q 1^3, dec. VIll. c "?.5 found only Ezek. 27: 23. proper 
 
 1. a place. Gen. 40:13. 41:13. name of a city, prob. a contraction 
 Dan. 11:20, 21, 38 iss ^y in his of n:l:3 Ctesiphon, {q.v .) One MS. 
 stead, loco ejus. So in verse 7, of De' Rossi reads n?.^3. (Comp. 
 where is? stands for 133 b'J- (Sept. j^-., ^^^ npb^) 
 
 Vulg. a set or slip; hut in that case ^^ p^ 3^." ; ^^^ ..5. 
 what is the force of the suffix /) 7 - '- -^ 
 
 2. aframe, stand, basis. U. 33: 23 p^DlD plur. masc fellow-labourers^ 
 03")J^-j3 the support of their mast, colleaaues. It has the feminine ter- 
 in Greek p6a6dfArj, i. e. the cross 
 timber in a ship on which the roast 
 is raised. Spoken also of the wash- 
 stand in the court, Ex. 30:18, 28. 
 31:9. 35: 16. 38:28. Lev. 8: 11. 
 1 K. 7: 31 "JS-nU??;^ after the man- 
 ner of a base or pedestal, u^m^ ^. ., ., ,,r-.. rr ^ 
 
 jjT jL . l r 1^23 Chald. idem. With suff. rTni:3 
 
 III. 1?. is. 51: 6. prob. the smg. ^-^^^^^ ^^^,., E.^a 4: 9, 17, 
 U^t3, vq. v.) Others render it 23.5:3.6:6,13V" 
 ^2-112^ just so, in like manner. . 1 r. 1 
 
 ' ni23 m. plur t)"^- and m, in Greek 
 
 0*^33 masc. plur. Ex. 8: 17, 18. Ps. y.^^^i^^oc, a stringed instrument of the 
 105:31. Sept. (jxt'fVg; Vulg 5cmi- Hebrews and Greeks, celebrated 
 phes ; a species of very small sharp for its having expressed the pious 
 stino-ing ^nats, found in the swampy feelings of David. Gen. 4: 21. Ps. 
 tracls of Egypt, iCulex reptan$,Unn. 33: 2. 43: 4. 49: 5. 71: 22. 1 Sam. 
 ovculex molestus, Forsk.) Comp. 16:16,23. Josephus (Antiq.x.l2. 3.) 
 Philo (De VitaMosis Liber, P. 11. p. describes it as having ten strings, 
 
 minalion, like nr2. Ezra 4: 7. (Syr. 
 
 IAj^? plur. \lo.2^^ ovvdovlog. 
 The singular, which no longer oc- 
 curs, was prob. n33, like nz72, 
 plur. niwX:^, rii^:?2.) 
 
iJ'DlD 
 
 307 
 
 T:y 
 
 and played upon by a plectrnm ; 
 but this does not accord with 1 
 Sam. 16:23. 18: 10. 19:9. where 
 David is said to have plaved upon 
 
 it with his hand. (Arab. BaV.a~=> 
 a harp^ sound.) 
 33 i. q. a-ilS gnats. Ex. 8 : 13, 14. 
 (The termination d_, unless it 
 should be read D_., has probably a 
 collective signification.) 
 
 i^UjlD adv. Chald. thus, in this manner. 
 Ezra 4: 8. 6: 4, 9, 11. 6: 13. Prob. 
 i.q. 13 with the termination i<J2, ^^ 
 which also in Arabic is annexed to 
 many panicles without affecting 
 their signification. 
 
 ^y^ i. q. Arab. (^^=^ to cover., pro- 
 
 tect, (comp. 1:5, {J-^ ) Imper. 
 ."723 Ps. 80 : 16.^ Others make it a 
 subst. a set or slip., (comp. 13 Dan. 
 11: 7.) but with less evidence. 
 
 DD3 1. to collect^ heap up ; e. g. stones, 
 Ecc. 3 : 5. treasures, Ecc. 2 : 8, 26. 
 water, Ps. 33: 7. 
 
 2. to assemble.^ bring together., as 
 men. Est. 4: 16. 1 Chr. 22: 2. 
 
 Pi. to assemble., bring together, as 
 men. Ezek. 22:21. 39:28. Ps. 
 147 : 2. 
 
 Hithpa. to hide or cover one''s self. 
 
 Is. 28 : 20 D^3nr|3 rr^^i ~^S7^in'] 
 
 and the covering is too narrow to hide 
 one^s self therein (Aram. D33 to col- 
 led; Arab. AA... > to collect., heap 
 up, also to conceal ; else (^^AZZio.) 
 ^^ in Kal not used. 
 
 Hiph. 2?''r3ri to humble., bow down. 
 Job 40: 12. *Ps. 107: 12. Is. 25: 5. 
 Especially to subdue or conquer an 
 enemy, 2 Sam. 8: 1. 1 Chr. 17: 10. 
 18: 1. Ps. 81: 15. 
 
 Niph, ^333 \. to be humbled, to be 
 .subdued. Judg. 3: 30. 8: 28. 11: 33. 
 1 Sam. 7: 13. 
 
 2. to humble one^s self before any 
 one, especially before God or be- 
 
 fore a divine ombnssadour. constru- 
 ed with "ipcb, '^3S73 and "^jSV^. I K. 
 21:, 29 hast thou seen how Ahab has 
 humbled himself before me ? 2 K. 22: 
 19. 2 Chr. 12:7. 30: 11. 33:23. 36: 
 12. (Chald Ithp. idem. Arab. ^^^=> 
 conj, 1. iV. to be humble.) 
 n5^3!D f.dec.XI.c. found only in Jer.iO: 
 
 -rx J *' 
 
 17. according to the Sept. vTiooTa- 
 Gig, goods, substance. Usial!y ren- 
 dered incorrectly wares, as if from 
 ^zy^S a merchant. From the Arab. 
 
 ^ > concupivit it would denote, 
 valuables ; (comp. IriTI'^^t!.) 
 1??'^ m. a proper name. 
 
 1. Canaan, the son of Ham, and 
 progenitor of the Canaanites. Gen. 
 9: 18 ff. 10:6. 
 
 2. the country ov people of Canaan, 
 including what was afterwards call- 
 ed Palestine and Phenicia ; but in a 
 more restricted sense, (1.) the coun- 
 try west of Jordan, in opposition to 
 Gilead. Num. 33: 51. Josh. 22: 9. 
 (2.) Phenicia di\one. Is. 23:11. (3.) 
 Fhilistia. Zeph. 2 : 5. "J^'IS nBtJ 
 the language of Canaan, i. e. the He- 
 brew, which the Hebrews adopted 
 from the Canaanites. That Canaan 
 was the domestic name of the same 
 people which the Greeks called 
 Phenicians, is evident from the Phe- 
 nician medals, on which we find the 
 word "^SZ'D. The ancient Cartha- 
 ginians also gave themselves this 
 name. See Gesenius' Geschichte 
 der. hebr. Sprache und Schrift, p. 
 16, 227. 
 
 3. i-q-l^as ^"'N aCanaanite. Hos. 
 12: 8. and this for a merchant gene- 
 rally, Is. 23:8 J^"':"33 her merchants. 
 Comp. Ezek. 17: 4. 
 
 *^5?.3!D, fern. rfS^^s, plur. 0^5 y:3, a 
 gentile noun from 15:3 . 
 
 1. a Canaanite. Judg.l:l ff. For 
 the different tribes included under 
 this name, see Gen. 10: 15 19. 
 Sometimes it has a more special 
 signification, as in Gen. 13: 7. 15: 
 20. Num. 13: 30. Josh. 11: 3. 
 
5^3^ 
 
 308 U^b3 
 
 2. as the Canaanites were many 
 of them devoted to traflic, a mer- 
 chant^ a dealer. JoU 40:30. [41: 6] 
 Piov. 31: 24. So "^iprD a Chaldean 
 for an astrologer. 
 
 P1j5 in Syr. Chald. and Talmud, to 
 collect^ gather together ; hence prob. 
 in Hebrew, (like >\^i<, V^RO ^^ 
 take away. is. 30 : '20 n^y ^Z''^ ^b 
 ^'^ji?3 no longer shall thy teachers be 
 taken from thee. 
 
 ^yZ f. dec. IV. f. 
 
 1. a cuin^. 5r]iS b?2 Prov. 1: 16. 
 and C^CZS b^Z i'.cc. 10: 20. winged^ 
 a bird. p]:S""bs every fowU Gen. 7: 
 14. Often used metaphorically, as 
 rTl*! "^223 the wings of the ts^ind^ Ps. 
 
 temple. Dnn. 9: 27. Comp. nriQV' 
 yiou Tov hiJOv, Matt. 4: 5. 
 
 Dual D*s:3 f const. "'Cj^, occur- 
 ring in the !?ignitications nos. 1.2.3. 
 and often applied to more than two, 
 as D']5:3 tJUJ six witigs^ Is. 6 : 2. 
 d^5:3 3?2-]^/our wings, Ezek. 1: 6. 
 10:21. 
 
 Plur. niD;3 m. occurring in the 
 signification no. 2. Deut. 22 : 12. 
 and besides in signif. no. 4. 
 
 nnD!D Deut. 3: 17. nl")33 1 K. 15: 
 
 20. and ri1")32 Josh. 1 1 : 2. a city 
 in the tribe of i\'aphlali,on the sea 
 of Galilee, which was hence called 
 n-).|.3 D^ Num. 34: 11. (The la- 
 ter name was "iCp.5, rfvi^tjougtr.) 
 
 18: 2l.'l04: 3. ItW "'533 the wings '^?2. Chald. to collect, i. q. Heb. t:3 . 
 
 of the morn, 139: 9. In'the Psalms i"*^". I^^'n. 3:2. 
 
 1th {)a. to assemble, to meet. Dan. 
 
 3 : 3, 27. 
 
 often in phraes lik<^ the foilowin 
 Ps. 17: 8 '^D-^.^'nCn '^'^5.33 b:i2 hide 
 
 me under the shadow of thy wings. OS m. Ex. 17 : 16. most jrob. a cor- 
 36: 8. 57: 2. 
 
 2. the corner or skirt of a garment, 
 TiTtQv'^, nt^Qvyiov. 1 Sam. 24: 5, 1 1. 
 Num. 15: 38. Zach. 8: 13 U;\\ ?]:3 
 ''1^?1^ the skirt of a Jew. Also of a 
 
 rupt reading for D?. a banner, stan- 
 dard Comp. ver. 15. The commoa 
 readmg is usually explained as if 
 i. q. fi^DS a throne, which is the 
 reading of the Samar. text. 
 
 bed-covering, Deut. 23: 1 M*^.r Nb"] i^w!^. Prov. 7: 20. and riD3 Ps. 8: 
 
 ^^iJ^ }n-3 and he shall not re- 
 move the bed-covering of his father, 
 i. e. he shall not defile his father's 
 bed. 27: 20. comp. Ezek 16: 8. 
 Ruth 3: 9 spread thy covering over ^"L^ 
 thine handmaid, i. e. in tori societa- ^^^ 
 tern me recipias ; (comp. Theocr. 
 Idyll. XVI1I.19. and in to ntcc^eiv Luke 
 1: 35.) 
 
 3. the zving of an army, ala exer- 
 citus, (comp. D^E^N.) Is. 8: 8. 
 
 4. end, corner, boundary. Is. 24: 
 16 y^^J^n P]:^ the end of the earth. 
 Especially in the plur. Job 37: 3. 
 38: 13 Y"li<n n^D33 the ends of the 
 earth; and' Is 1 1 : 12. Ezek. 7 : 2 
 ynNn niC3? n??*)i^ the four ends of 
 the earth. The earth appears to 
 have been considered as four-cor- 
 nered like a mantle. 
 
 6. a battlement or pinnacle of the 
 
 4. the time of full moon. (Syr. lin:^ 
 the )4th day of the month, the full 
 moon, as it were the ides; also the 
 festival celebrated at that time.) 
 
 D3 m. prim, (twice nSS Job 26 : 9. 
 i k. 10: 19.) with suff.' *^NDS, plur. 
 nii<Or> dec. VII. 
 
 l.'a seat. 2 K. 4 : 10. Particu- 
 larly a raised seat, cathedra ; e. g. 
 of the high-priest, 1 Sam. 1:9. 4 : 
 13. of a judge, namely, a judgment 
 seat, Ps. 122: 5. Neb. 3: 7. 
 
 2. a throne. ndbl2i^ri i^OS 2 Sara. 
 7: 13. ornob73ri^'Chr, 2t: 10. a 
 
 royal throne, (Arab. ^_yw^p=3, A- 
 
 ram. (.AHiia:^, it&^tJ idem ; whence 
 it appears that the Dagesh forte in 
 D is an assimilated "n .) 
 
Jlbi) 
 
 300 
 
 ^DS 
 
 *^ l^.r Chald. a Chaldean, i. q. ^'Vip'D . 
 Ezra 5: 12. 
 
 nOS in Kal found only in the parti- 
 ciples rrpb Prov. 12: 16, 23. and 
 "'^C^ P**. 52: 1. elsewhere only in 
 Pi. nSiJ. 1. fa corcr. The per- 
 son or thing covered is usually put 
 in the accus. Ex. 10:5. Num. 9:15. 
 22 : 5, but is sometimes preceded 
 ^y '?^ {^^^- ^he kindred verbs of 
 covering- "^ro, ^5^,) Num. 16 : 33 
 
 1 V T T V "-s - :- 
 
 covered them. Job 21 : 26 m;21'1 
 Dln/'bS' In&^n ^'i^ worms cover them. 
 2 Chr*. 6: 8. by ^, Is. 11 : 9. When 
 followed by a double complement, 
 to cover a person or thing- with any 
 thin^, it is construed (1.) with an 
 accus. of the person and a of the 
 thing. Lev. 17: 13 ^D^n tirtbD") and 
 he covered it with earth. Num. 4 : 5, 
 8, 11. (2.) with a double accus. 
 of the person and thing. Ezek. 18: 
 7, 16. 16: 10. (3.) with Vi'ofthe 
 person and 2 of the thing. Ps. 44 : 
 20. (4.) with b? of the person and 
 an accus. of the Thing. Ezek. 24: 7. 
 comp. Job 36: 32. 
 
 2. to cover or clothe one^s self. 
 Gen. 38: 14. Deut. 22: 12. Jon. 3 : 
 6 ptj D5";'T and he covered himself 
 
 with a mourning garment. (In Arab. 
 > >* 
 
 v.^*^=3 to put on^ construed with an 
 accus.) 
 
 3. to conceal., to keep secret^ as in 
 Chaldaic. Prov. 10: 18. 12: 16, 23. 
 Job 31 : 33. In a somewhat differ- 
 ent sense, Job 23: 17 no^) ''35^^ 
 bSJ^i? and {sitice) he did [not) conceal 
 
 from me misfortune^ i. e. did not de- 
 liver me from it. 
 
 4. to cover or pardon (sin,) con- 
 strued with r3>. Prov. 10: 12. Neh. 
 3: 37. [4: 5.f Ps. 32:1 M.yjn -^^05 
 whose sin is forgiven. (Comp. 1&D.) 
 
 6. construed with bii, to discover 
 one''s self to any one, (comp. "l^D 
 and *l"*50t7 ;) or to commit one''s self 
 secretly^ Ps. 143: 9. 
 
 Pu TfOti and n05 pass, to he cov' 
 ered; construed with 3, I Chr. 21 : 
 16. Ecc. 6 : 4. with an accus. Ps. 
 80:11. Prov. 24:31. 
 
 Niph. pass. Jer. 51: 42. 
 
 H ill) pa. to clothe one''s self con- 
 strued with 2. 1 K. 11:29. with an 
 accus. Jon. '3 ; 8. 
 
 Deriv. "^^iDS, n^D3, Dps, InD.!:^, 
 rrDDn . 
 
 nD3 i.*q. w^^D^ q. V. 
 
 rin^SS Is. 5: 25. see tlHIlD. 
 
 ^"^03 m. verbal from nDS, dec. III. 
 
 c. a covering. Num. 4: 6, 14. 
 n^D3 verbal from nD3, dec. I. 
 
 1. a covering. Job 24: 7. 26:6. 
 D")2''? n^DS a covering for the eyes, 
 a veil, Gen. 20: 16. 
 
 2. a garment. Deut. 22: 12. 
 
 TlpZ to cut off (a plant.) Is. 33 : 12. 
 Ps". 80: 17. (In Syr. and Chald. 
 to prune the vine.) 
 
 r^D3 ra. verbal from ^53, dec. I. 
 
 i. a fool. Prov. 1: 32. 10: 1, 18. 
 13: 19, 20. 14: 8, 24, 33. 15: 2, 7. 
 elsewhere only in Ecc. and in some 
 of the Psalms. 
 
 2 Job 9:9. 38:31. Am. 5: 8. a 
 constellation in the heavens; ac- 
 cording to the ancient versions, O- 
 rion, which in Aram, and Arab, is 
 called the giant. According to an 
 eastern tradition this was Nimrod, 
 the founder of Babylon, afterwards 
 translated to the skies. Michaelis 
 and others suppose, that this story 
 may have been known to the an- 
 cient Hebrews, and that ^"'D^ the 
 foolish or impious one is a name 'giv- 
 en to the deified Nimrod. Plur. 
 tl''i:'^D3 Is. 13: 10. the giants (of 
 heaven,) meaning probably several 
 constellations similar to Orion. 
 The Rabbins interpret it Sirius^ 
 
 which is called in Arabic V-j-^jv** 
 stultulus. 
 
 n'^iP'^pD f. denom. from b'^C3, folly. 
 Prov.*9: 13. 
 
?i&3 
 
 310 
 
 tys 
 
 More 
 
 Pp!D to he foolish. Jer. 10: 8 
 usually written ^50, q. v. 
 
 I. 70!D (Job 15: 27.) plur. tD'^^DS, 
 the internal muscles of the loiiis^ in 
 the region of the kidneys, cover- 
 ed with fat, ipocct, ipoiav, xpvut^ 
 lumbi. Lev. 3: 4, 10, 15. 4: 9. 7: 4. 
 Job 15: 27 bp.3 ''\?. Hl^'^S ti^'^2 "^ 
 (^since) he put fat on the loins The Ci&S m. dec. IV. a 
 inward parts generally, Ps. 38: 8. 
 Comp. Bocharti Hieroz. T. I. p. 
 506 ff. 
 
 II. <p!D m. verbal from i^DS, dec. 
 VI. h.* 
 
 \. folly. Ecc. 7:25. 
 
 2. hopc^ confidence. (The origin 
 of this signification is unknown.) Fs. 
 78:7. Prov. 3: 26. 
 
 i1PD3 fem. of ]:&3 no. II. 
 " 'l. folly. Ps.85:9. 
 2. hope. Job 4:6. 
 
 1'Pp3 m. Zech. 7:1. Neh. 1 : 1. in 
 Greek XudiXeii 1 Mac. 1 : 54. the 
 ninth month of the Hebrews, an 
 
 long for any thing, construed with 
 
 i?. Ps. 17: 12. 
 
 2. to have compassion, bene cupere. 
 Job 14: 15. 
 
 Ni[)h. 1. i.q. Kal no. 1. to long 
 for. Gen. 31:30, Ps, 84:3. 
 
 2. as in Chaldaic, to blm\ to be 
 ashamed. Zeph, 2: 1. p|D5: i^b "^Til^T 
 O people, without shame. 
 
 1. silver. Gen. 23: 15 n^72 S'^z'^fiJ 
 P]D5.-bp.u3 400 shekels of silver. Tlie 
 word !:p;i3 is more frequently omit- 
 ted ; as p]p2. |:]^J^ 1000 {shekels of) 
 silver, Gen. 20: 16. ;]p5 D'^lt;?? 20 
 (shekels of) silver., 37: 28. 
 
 2. i. q. money generally, (like 
 doyv(jiov, argent.) Gen. 23 : 13. 
 Deut. 23: 20. Plur. pieces of money, 
 Gen. 42:25, 35. 
 
 ^|C3 Chald. idem. emph. fiiSCS Dan. 
 
 2:35. 5. 2,4, 23. 
 &5|^DD J found only Ezra 8: 17. name 
 
 of a country, perhaps Caspia, the 
 sivering"to "part of" November and country on the Caspian sea. 
 part of December. DD^ f plur. m*nD3, verbal from nD3, 
 
 tl'^nbO J masc. plur. Gen. 10: 14. 1 
 
 Chr. 1:12. a people, spoken of as a 
 colony of the Egyptians ; accord- 
 ing to Bochart (Phaleg. iv. 31.) 
 the Colchians,\\hom the Greek wri- 
 ters constantly represent as of E- 
 gyptian origin. The similarity of 
 the two names, however, is quite 
 remote. 
 
 dec. V^I. h. a cushion, pillow. Ezek. 
 13: 18, 20. Sept. nQOG-Keq aXaia. 
 Vulg. pulvilli. According to the 
 Rabbins pulvinar longim, a bolster. 
 The feminine termination n is, in 
 the formation of the plural, treated 
 as if radical; comp. ni"."?, , plur. 
 
 uw J to shear 
 
 I^S adv. Chald. now. Dan. 2: 23. 1^ 
 Once Ezek. 44: 20. -j^-d till now, Ezra 6: 16. 
 
 npwS f. Ex. 9: 32. Is. 28: 25. Plur. ri2:P3 and D^S, see Tl^^; 
 iD^?2D3 Ezek. 4: 9. spelt, triticum 0^ J , fut. D^"-" . 
 
 spelta Linn, the ^fa of the Greeks, 
 the far and adoreum of the Romans, 
 a species of grain resembling wheat 
 with shorn ears. 
 
 wp- to reckon, count. Once Ex. 12: 
 4."so the Sept. Chald. Syr. Deriv. 
 
 H -^j fut. JnOw*;. \. to he greedy or 
 
 1. to be grieved, out of humour, 
 displeased. Ecc. 5: 16. 7:9. Neh. 3: 
 33. [4:1.] 
 
 2. to be angry. Ezek. 16: 42. con- 
 strued with '^N ot the person, 2 Chr. 
 16: 10. 
 
 Pi. D^S Deut. 32:21. 1 Sam.l:6. 
 i.q. Hiph* 
 
 Hiph. D^i^'in 1. to cause ill-hu- 
 
vi:d 311 ^M 
 
 tnour^ tovex^ grieve^ trouble. 1 Sam. 9. Plur. DISS Josh. 3: 13. 4: 18. 
 
 1:7. Neh. 3:37. l4:5.J Ezek. 32:9. ig. 60:14. With D^S instead of 
 
 2. to make angry ^ to provoke to an- V;i-)^ 2 K. 19: 24. 
 
 ger; spoken particularly of men ''3 ^ pan, dish; found only in the 
 
 who offend Jehovah by their sins, .^j. ^-^^^^ ^^^ ^o: 29. Num. 7: 84, 
 
 especially by idolatry. Deut 31: , ^".^^ *i i n r. * r 
 
 29. 32: 16. 1 K. 14: 9, 15. 16: 2, 7, ^b. :^^^^>[2 the hollow or cavity of 
 
 13 ff. Also without an accus. 1 K. a shng, 1 bam. 25:29. ^n^n-Pl^ 
 
 21: 22 nO^Dn T4j^i D2''3n bN on the socket of the hip-bone^ acetabulum 
 
 account \fihe 'anger,' tJ which \hou fi^rwris, Gen. 32: 26, 33. 
 
 hast provoked (,nl)\\(.,2i:Q, 4. D->1^^n mE3 Lev. 23:40. 
 
 ^^1,-^ , , r 1 TTf wa/fn branches^ trom their crooked 
 
 VJ^m. rerbal from 055, dec VI. c. |_^_.^ g^^ ^^^ ^^^^ Lat. 
 
 1. srief. vexation., sorrow, bcc. 1: . . / '. , . , / 
 18. 2: 23 Pro v. 17: 25. 21:19 palma, which denotes both the hand 
 D?D3 a^r.i^ n-ffijaconfenriou/anti ^"^ P'^'* branch. 
 
 peevish or vexatious woman. Deut. ^jS m. dec. I. a rock. Plur. 0*^553 Jer. 
 
 32: 27 n;;ii< D2?5 vexation from an 4-29. Job 30:6. (In Syr.and Chald. 
 
 enemy. the usual word to express this idea; 
 
 2. anger. Deut. 32:19. Ezek. hence in the N. T. Ar]qjag i. ({, 
 20: 28. Plur. D^D^D provocations IltxQoq.) 
 
 to anger, 2 K. 23: 26. m^S to bend, incline, hence <o tame* 
 
 123^3 rn. dec. VI. c. idem. Only Job Chald. NCD inclinavit, subegit, coer- 
 
 5:2. 6:2. 10: 17. 17:7. cuif, perhaps to turn away. Prov. 
 
 P]? r. with suff. "22, dec.Vni.h.(Arab. 21: 14 f|N nD:D': "-insn ina a ecrci 
 
 present tameth anger. Others com- 
 
 ,) verbal from qC3, literal- pare nSD to extinguish, or the 
 
 ly somethins[ crooked or hollowed 
 
 Q,j^^^ "^ Arab. ^.^==> /o rwrn away 
 
 I. the hollow hand, the palm; and Sl3 f. dec. X. a palm branch. (Comp. 
 
 so the hand itself la animals ^^52.) ig. 9:1 3. 19: 15 'jimi^l ns3 
 
 (/ie paw. Lev. 11: 27. 5 Plt)73 ou< 0/ -, , . . "* u-'i 
 
 <AA. J i" /ii JV\. ^ palm branch and r*rt, a proverbial 
 
 l/ie /la/id 0/ ay one, (like ^""73,) P'^r- -^ / u- u * j 1 * 
 
 ', ^ '^ -.vr expression tor highest and lowest. 
 
 ticularly alter verbs of delivering, _j ^^^^^y. generally, Job 15: 32. 
 
 1 Sam. 4:3. 2 Sam. 14: 16.- Judg. . ^ "' 
 
 12:3 -^EDl "^'iJDD rT/3"'irJ<1 / iooA: II^J m.dec.I. l.acup,bowL lChr.28: 
 
 wi/ life in my hand, I e. I plit it at I?.* Ezra 1: 10. 8: 27. Perhaps a 
 
 hazard, or 1 exposed myself to covered cup, from 'nSS to cover. 
 
 great danger, 1 Sam. 19:5. 28: 21. 2. hoarfrost. Ex. 16: 14. Ps. 147:: 
 
 Job 13: 14. comp. Ps.ll9: 109. To 18. Job 38:29. According to Simo- 
 
 express the plural the dual D^E3 is nis so called from its covtrlng the 
 
 constantly used, except in the ground. 
 
 phrase D:n:nn^=?, which in 1 Sam. 5,23 f,,^j ^,y jj^^. 2: II. cro- 
 
 5:4. 2 K. 9: 35 denotes Aa* cut tea ,, fur. Root ODD i. q. Syr. 
 
 ojj-, and in Dan. 10: 10, the palms of ^ ^ -^ , 
 
 the hands. The plural form in oth- *-^2i::t connexuit. Sept. iiav^agog, 
 
 er places denotes handles^ as of a i. q. cantherius in Vitruv. iv. 2. Je* 
 
 bar, Cant. 5: 5. (Comp. n^'^^) roine : lignum, quod ad continendos^ 
 
 2 joined with ^:j'-\, the sole^of the parietes in medio structures ponitur, 
 
 /ooi. Deut. 28: 65 "^l^^^ P]d!: ni2 vulgo 7ia*/rQifffc?, (comp. Eccles.22: 
 
 rest for the sole of thy foot, i. e 
 
 16.) 
 
 peaceful residence ; comp. Gen. 8: "l^S^ m. dec. I. I. a young lion,n3Lm&^ 
 
ns:D 
 
 312 
 
 ISIS 
 
 ly, such an one as already goes 
 abroad for prey, different from ^r\^. 
 (Ezek. 19:2,3.) Ps 17:12. 104:21. 
 Judg. 14:5. Metaphorically (1.) 
 dangerous enemies. Ps. 34: 11. 35: 
 17. 58: 7. comp. Jer. 2: 15. Ezek. 
 32:2. (2.) young heroes or defenders 
 of a state. Ezek. 38: 13. comp.Nah. 
 
 2 : 14. (Arab. /.^ and /^ the 
 
 young of several animals, also a young 
 lion. Comp. 'nS'S'.) 
 
 iTl'^D'^ proper name of a city of the 
 
 Hivites, which was allotted to the 
 tribe of Benjamin. Josh.9:l7. 18:26. 
 Ezra 2: 25. Neh. 7: 29. (As an ap- 
 pellative, i. q. 'ica a village.) 
 
 7SD3 to double. Ex. 26: 9. Part. >;iD3 
 doubled, 28:16. 39:9. (In Aram. with p^ 
 
 c >0i:2LD ro be doubled ; pcj^ fo dou- 
 hie.) 
 
 Niph. pa^s. Ezek. 21: 19. [14.] 
 
 PSS m. verbal from bst), dec. VI. h. 
 a doubling. i:p*^ Vcs /iw c/ou6/e 
 jaw5, Job 41: 5. [41: 13.] Dual 
 t3')b52 double, twice as much, Job 
 11:6." Is. 40:2. 
 
 "jDS to long for, to desire. (In Aram. 
 to be hungry.) Once Ezek. 17: 7 this 
 vine stretched out its roots with desire 
 after him. 
 
 'JSDS m. verbal from "jCS, hunger. Job 
 y22. 30:3. 
 
 rjS J to bend, to bow down. Is. 58: 5. 
 Intrans. to bow one^s self down, Y 9. bl: 
 1. Part. tZ3^CnD3 the bowed down, 
 Ps. 145: 14. 146: 8. 
 
 Niph. to bow down or humble one''s 
 self before any one, construed with 
 \ . Mic.6:6. (In Aram, idem.) 
 
 ]^Z to cover; overlay. Gen. 6:14. De- 
 riv. n-\35 a cover. (Arab. ^X > 
 to cover; conj. II. to expiate ; comp. 
 /^^ 1. to cover; 2. to forgive.) 
 
 ^ Pi. ^C3, fut. "nc^:- 
 
 1. <o /?arrfon,/oro-iTje, (literally <o 
 
 cover an oflfence, comp. S^D2;) con- 
 strued with an accus. of the of- 
 fence, Ps.65: 4. 78: 38. with ^5 , 
 Jer. 18:23. Ps. 79: 9. or with]:, 
 Deut. 21 : 8. Sometimes with a 
 double i: of the person and thing, 
 Ezek. 16:63. (.The construction 
 with ^5 comes from the signitica- 
 tion ol covering; comp. !1&3.) 
 
 2. causat to effect or procure for- 
 giveness ; and that (1.) in respect 
 to the offence, to expiate, to make 
 an atonement; construed with ^y , 
 Lev. 4 : 35. with ^^z ifor^) Ex. 3~2: 
 30. with y}2, Num.6: 11 (2.) in re- 
 spect to the offender, to make an 
 atonement, to purify ; usually con- 
 strued with ^y, Ex.30: 15. Lev. 4: 
 20. with "J>"2 V"^>) Lev. 16: 6, 11, 
 24. Ezek. 45: 17. with s , Lev. 17: 
 11. Spoken also of the purification 
 of sacred things, construed with ^y. 
 Lev. 16: 18. with an accus. Lev. 16: 
 33. An example of the full con- 
 struction is found Lev. 5: 18 'IBDT 
 in^y^ \^ iribr: i^iry and the 
 
 priest shall purify him from his of- 
 fence. (3.) in respect to the person 
 oti'ended, to appease, to pacify. Gen. 
 32: 21. Prov. 16: 14. Also to expi- 
 ate a threatening calamity, i. e. to 
 avert it by a sin-ofi'ering. Is. 47:11. 
 The oflering whereby any offence 
 is expiated, or any person is puri- 
 fied, is preceded by a, 2 Sam. 21: 
 
 3. Num. 5:8. 
 
 Pu. 1. to be blotted out, oblitera- 
 ri; because a writing was covered 
 by drawing the style over it. Is. 28: 
 
 18 tZSpni^a ^DD"] abdebitur fos- 
 
 y 
 
 dus vestrum. (In Aram, r^^, ^3S 
 abstersity diluit, abolevit.) 
 
 2. to be expiated, spoken of an 
 offence. Is. 6: 7. 22: 14. 27:9. 
 
 3. to be purified, spoken of an of- 
 fender. Ex. 29: 33. Num. 35: 33. 
 
 Hithpa. fut. 'nD^ri') 1 Sam. 3:14. 
 and Nithpa, 'ISSD Eleut. 21: 8. to be 
 expiated, spoken of an offence, 
 
 Deriv. out of course "niDS. 
 
naiD 
 
 313 
 
 1!3 
 
 IM m. dec. IV. a. a village. Cant. 7: 
 
 12. 1 Chr. 27:25. Neh. 6: 2. 
 L 1S3 m. idem. 1 Sam. 6: 18. 
 
 II. 1SS m. verbal from ^S3, dec. 
 VI. p. 
 
 \. pitch. Gen. 6 : 14. (In Aram, 
 and Arab, idem.) So called from its 
 use for smearing or covering. (Comp. 
 'nss in Kal and Pu.) 
 ^ 2. a ransom. Ex. 21: 30. 30: 12 
 TtlJSS ICb a ransom for his soul. Is. 
 43: 3 '^)23 thy ransom. 
 
 III. "1;3 m. dec. VI. p. in Greek 
 avngog, the alhenna of the Arabians, 
 {Lawsonia mcrmM,Linn.) a plant re- 
 sembling privet,withclustering, whit- 
 ish, and fragrant flowers. Cant. 1:14 
 ^!3b?7 !:3"<p^{ a cluster ofalhenna.Flur. 
 CD-'^SS Cant. 4: 13. Comp. O. Cel- 
 sii Hierobot. T. I. p. 222. Od- 
 mann's yerra. Sammlungen aus der 
 Naturkunde, Heft I. cap. 7. 
 
 y*^^Sj plur. masc. verbal from ^BS, 
 atonement., expiation. Ex. 29:36. 30: 
 
 10, 16. Q''-)53Sl DT"^ the day of 
 atonement, Lev. 23: 27. 25: 9. 
 
 rrnSS f verbal from "^SS, the cover or 
 lid of the ark of the covenant. Ex. 
 25: 17 ff. 30: 6. 31: 7. D'^b^'n rT^a 
 the place of the ark of the covenant, 
 i. e. the most holy place, 1 Chr. 28: 
 
 11. Sept. incorrectly IXaGTtjQiov, 
 from the signif of the root to expi- 
 ate ; Vulg. propitiatorium ; Luth. 
 Gnadenstuhl ; C. V. mercy-seat. 
 
 123 3 prob. i. q. iris = Arab. 
 
 (j-A^Ai^s to cover, to cover over , 
 
 e. g. with earth; conj. IV. idem. 
 Lam. 3: 16 ^Sfi^S "'^ij-'EDn he hath 
 covered me with ashes. 
 
 nSD Chald. to bind, fetter. Fret. ?ei], 
 Dan. 3: 21. Pa. idein. 3: 20, 23, 
 24. 
 
 I. *)inS!D m. plur. Q'^'^nBS, dec. I. 
 1. an ornament on the golden 
 
 40 
 
 candlestick, a knob or protuber^ 
 ance. Ex. 25: 31, 33, 34 ff. 37: 17 ff. 
 Sept. a(f>oiiQWTfj(}g. Vulg. sphandas. 
 Josephus, (Antiq. iii. 6. 7.)powe- 
 
 granate. (Comp. in Syr. AaaD 6a- 
 
 7 
 
 laustium {malogranati ;) Aa^ folk* 
 
 culos aut globulos emisit ; and 
 
 JAajs capsula lini.) 
 
 2. the knob or the capital of a pil- 
 lar, perhaps in the form of a pome- 
 granate or its flower. Am.9:l. Zeph. 
 2: 14. 
 
 II. "linSlD Jer. 47:4. Am. 9: 7. and 
 plur. a-'SriBS Gen. 10:14. Deut. 
 2:23. name of a country and peo- 
 ple, whence the Philistines are said 
 to have originated. The Caphto- 
 rim, according to the passages 
 above referred to, came originally 
 from Egypt, and settled in Caph- 
 tor, whence again a colony went 
 to the southern parts of Canaan, 
 and called themselves Cn^Jlrs. 
 (For the explanation of Gen. 10:14, 
 see Vater in loc.) Most of the an- 
 cient versions have rendered the 
 word Cappadocia; but the appella- 
 tion "^N Jer. 47 : 4, shows that it 
 was an island or at least a maritime 
 country. More probably Cyprus, 
 though the evidence from ancient 
 writers in its favour is small, (see, 
 however, Theodoret on Jer.47:4. 
 and Is. 9: 12 ) or Crete, in support 
 of which we may refer to the 
 name "Ti'ns a Philistine, (q. v.) J. 
 D. Michaelis Spicileg. Geogr. 
 Hebr. exter. T.I.p.292 308. Sup- 
 plem.p. 1338. 
 
 I. l!3, m. plur. to'^^3, dec. II. d. 
 
 1. a pasture. Is.' .30: 23. Ps. 65: 
 14 )^^'r D-'l^ ^'ii:ib the pastures 
 are clothed with flocks. 
 
 2. a pasture lamb, a fat lamb ; of- 
 ten mentioned with rams and he- 
 goats, Deut. 32: 14. Is. 34:6. Ezek. 
 39: 18. which passages show that 
 the meaning a ram, which is adopt- 
 ed by some, is not correct. That 
 it means a/at lamb is evident from 
 
ms 
 
 314 
 
 ma 
 
 the context of the same passages, 
 and also from Am. 6: 4. 1 Sam. 15: 
 9. 2K. 3:4. Ps. 37:20. Jer. 61: 
 40. Vulg, agnus ; Syr. saginatus; 
 Chald. tZD'^Ci? pinguis. Is. 16 : I 
 V^nJitl ^^^iJ2 nD rinlr'iJ send ye the 
 {tribute) lambs to tlie prince of the 
 land. (Neither of these two signifi- 
 cations is found in the kindred dia- 
 lects. Among the lonians, howev- 
 er, the words ymq, zuQa, xu^jog, 
 viaQvog denote a sheep, a pasture. 
 See Bocharti Hieroz. T. 1. p. 429.) 
 3. D'^"13 Ezek. 4: 2. 21:27. [22.J 
 
 battering rams, arietes. (The Arab. 
 5 c ^ 
 
 Q>^^=> signilies 1. aries ; 2. a- 
 riesferreus^machinabellica.) It may 
 also he derived from n^.'D to bore 
 through^ (Ps. 40 : 7.) to penetrate 'f 
 as if from a singular n"^3. 
 
 II. 12, in the phrase ^73-;r7 "iS Gen. 
 31:34. a camePssaddle^a earner s tent^ 
 a small tent, which is fastened on 
 the back of a camel, and in which 
 the women usually sit. (Arab, 
 
 Jf^A.=a. and /.3.) See Jahn's bibi. 
 
 Archaol. Th. I. B. I.p.287. Hart- 
 mann's Hebriierin, Th. 2. p. 397. 
 
 IS m. dec. I. a measure for both li- 
 quid and dry things. 1 K. 5: 2, 25. 
 [4:22. 5: 11.] Ezek. 45: 14. i. q. 
 'nTp.hj consequently containing 10 
 ephahs or 10 baths. (In Aram. ^t3, 
 
 ; Hai) i. q. Heb "nl^.b) In Hellen- 
 istic Greek the name jiOQog has been 
 retained. 
 
 1^12 Chald. to be grieved. Ithpe. Dan. 
 7: 15 "^nn^^ n^'nSnN doluit animus 
 mens. 
 
 /SID a quadriliteral, to gird, to put 
 on, to clothe.^ [. q. Aram. b^S, with 
 epenthetic "n. Pass. ^3^?^ cloth- 
 ed, iChr. 15:27. Hence 
 
 ^V^^l - f. Chald. a mantle, cloaLDsLXi. 
 1. illD to dig, (as in Chald.and Arab.) 
 
 e. g. a well, Gen. 26: 25. a pit, Ps. 
 7: 16. 57:7. Hence metaphorically 
 of plotting, laying snares, Prov. 16: 
 
 27 rj^^j n*^b b^lhn ':i^i< the wick- 
 ed man plotteth evil. Ps. 40 : 7 
 ""^ nTiS tD'^3ti5 thou hast bored or 
 opened the ears for me, i. e. (thus) 
 hast thou revealed to me. Comp. 
 fibn. Deriv. Ti^p^'D. 
 
 II. Hl'D to buy. Deut.2:6. Hos.3:2. (In 
 
 Arab. ) ^^=> conj. I. III. IV. to rent, 
 
 to hire.) 
 
 III. nnS to ghe a feast, to prepare a 
 banquet. 2 K. 6: 23. Job 40: 30 [41: 
 6J tZi'^^izn Vby ^rnlD^ interrogative- 
 ly, shall the companions feast over 
 him? that is, after his capture. 
 The interpretation, however, which 
 admits of the most philological 
 proof, is the following, they hire 
 magicians against him ; compare 
 ^Xc 1 .>^~ > to hire against any 
 
 one, (see no. II.) and see "nzt]. 
 
 ilID f. 1. a feast, banquet. 2 K. 6:23. 
 See n'^S no. III. 
 
 2. Zeph. 2: 6 ti3'^5>h n^'is n^: 
 of difficult interpretation, usually 
 rendered pens which the shepherds 
 have dug, as if from >Tn3 no. I. or 
 else pastures, asif i. q. D'"n3. 
 
 lUTnD, plur. Cin^S, dec, I. the cherub, 
 a poetical being, in the writings 
 of the ancient Hebrews, whose 
 form was compounded of that of a 
 man, an ox, a lion, and an eagle, 
 the well known symbols of might 
 and power, Ezek. 1 : 10. comp. 
 Rev. 4: 6, 7. They first appear as 
 the keepers of paradise, after man 
 was driven out. Gen. 3: 24. then 
 usually as the supporters of the 
 throne of Jehovah, or rather as the 
 bearers of his moving throne, hence 
 Ps. 18: 11. 2 Sam. 22: 11 V? i^*!":! 
 ^li^"*! i!Tl3 he rode on the cherubim 
 and did fly. Ps. 8: 2 D"'n'l3tl i'^i*^ 
 thou who iittest or art enthroned on 
 
no 
 
 315 
 
 ana 
 
 the cherubim. 1 Sam. 4: 4. 2 Sam. 6: 
 2. In conformity with this idea, 
 two cherubim were made upon the 
 cover of the ark of the covenant in 
 the holy of holies, and between the 
 wings of these cherubim the deity 
 was considered as enthroned, Ex.^5: 
 18 ff. 1 K. 6:23. In as much as they 
 are frequently mentioned in con- 
 nexion with thunder and lightning, 
 they have been compared with the 
 equi fonan^e^ of.) upiter.but the simili- 
 tude in such comparisons must notbe 
 pressed too far. (The most probable 
 among the many derivations of this 
 word which have been proposed, 
 
 is that from the Syr. uHiCp potetis, 
 magnus^fortis.) 
 
 T1*l!3 m.Chald. a Aera/J.Emph. Nn'^S, 
 
 Dan. 3: 4. (Syr. no^L.-]^ From 
 
 jS to cry out publickly, to make pro- 
 clamation. Aph. idem. Dan. 5: 29. 
 
 "^"IID found only 2 K. 11: 4, 19 "^^S^t 
 d'^JZ^Jll, a designation of the body- 
 guard under the later kings, corres- 
 ponding to the "TiVci "ni^ under 
 king David ; comp.' 2 Sam'. 20: 23, 
 where "^nbeni ""nsl-j stands in the 
 Kethib, and '^n^.sri in the Keri. 
 The latter appears to be the more 
 easy reading, but of the same im- 
 port with the former. For ''^3 
 
 T 
 
 may be derived from JTn3 no. I. to 
 bore thrGugh.,Vin(\ denote a headsman, 
 executioner, i. q. '^r\'y2. Others in- 
 terpret the word, Carians, i. e. Ca- 
 rian soldiers in the service of the 
 Israelitish kings. Others, after the 
 Syriac version, runners, as if from 
 
 Arab. ) .^ > velox yi/ti jumentum, 
 
 vehementer cucurrit ; (see nil3^3.^ 
 
 71*^*]^ proper name of a brook by 
 
 which Elijah dwelt. Only 1 K. 17; 
 3,5. 
 
 n'in'^'13 and rin'^'13 f.verbal from 
 
 r'nls, dec.l. a divorce. nn'^'IlD "^5D 
 Deut. 24 : 1,3. Is. 50 :" 1*. * ^DD 
 DTjn'^nS Jer. 3: 8. a bill of di- 
 vorce. 
 2*513 m. with suff. i25")3, dec. VII f. 
 e. Ex. 27: 5. 38: 4. an enclosure, 
 border, ledge, about the middle of 
 the altar, and above the brazen 
 grate, perhaps to catch things fall- 
 ing from the altar. (In Syr. and 
 
 Chald. j^p to surround, enclose, in- 
 trench. The quadriliteral is form- 
 ed either by combining this root 
 with i^D i. q. Arab, ^ r > arcti- 
 
 us constrinxit, or thei is joined oq 
 without any special signification.) 
 
 U J jj m. curcuma, yellow root, Indian 
 saffron. Cant. 4: 14. Sept. KQoyiog. 
 (Chald. C35"^^S, N733-)^S saffron; 
 tD3"53 to colour with saffron. Arab. 
 
 *=3y-=3 idem.) 
 
 ^''!QD")5 Is. 10: 9. Jer. 46: 2. 2 Chr. 
 
 35: 20. a city on the Euphrates ; 
 most probably Circesium, Cercusium^ 
 
 Arab. \k*>^j^^ f^ , a celebrated and 
 
 strong city, situated on the east 
 side of the Euphrates, at the mouth 
 of the Chaboras. See J. D. Michae- 
 lis Supplem. p. 1352. 
 
 ri1lS"]3 f. according to the Jewish 
 
 commentators, camels, dromedaries. 
 Is. 66: 20. Root --iDnD saltavit 2 
 Sam. 6: 14. comp. in Arab, a,.,^" > 
 
 camelus strenuus^ ^ I ' vehemen- 
 ter cucurrit, saltavit, spoken partic- 
 ularly of camels. See Bocharti Hie- 
 roz. T. I. p. 90. 
 
 S^lS m. (fem. Is. 27:2, 3.) prim. dec. 
 
 VI. a. a vineyard, Ex. 22: 4. Deut. 
 20: 6* 28: 30. n^T tZl'^S. an olive- 
 yard, Judg. 15: 5. Job 24: 18 tl"^ 
 tD''72-j3 ^yi nasi they turn them- 
 selves not to the vineyards^ i. e. to 
 
5:nD 
 
 316 
 
 nD 
 
 cultivated regions where men dwell. 
 
 50/ 5 f 
 
 (Arab. r*^zz:s idem, *^=d a pleas- 
 ant, fruitful land generally. ) Hence 
 C'lJin. denom. from tD*^3, dec. VII. 
 a. a vine dresser. Joel 1: 11. Is. 
 61:5. 
 
 P^fllS m. in later Hebrew, i. q. 
 "^3125, n^^in, (q V.) the crimson col- 
 our, (taken from the kermes or tur- 
 tle-insect, coccus ilicis, Linn.) also 
 crimson cloth. 2 Chr. 2:6, 13. 3: 14. 
 Most probably of Perpian origin, 
 namely, from JLc -^=3 a red col- 
 our taken from insects, compound- 
 
 ed of r*i- ^~"> a worm, and Jl shi- 
 ning red ; comp. vermeil from ver- 
 miculus. 
 
 1. P'D'lS m. with suff. i^lQ^iD, dec. 
 
 viii.g. 
 
 1. a fruiful field, a finely cultiva- 
 ted country, a quadriliteral etymo- 
 logically connected with tS^S, of- 
 ten in opposition to ^2*1^. Is. 10:1 8. 
 16:10. 29:17. 32:15^16. Jer.2:7. 
 2 K. 19: 23 V^^-jD ^^^ the forest of 
 his fruitful fields i.e. his forest which 
 terminates in a fruitful field. 
 
 2. Lev. 23:14. 2 K. 4: 42. more 
 fully i^73-\3 *:J*ia Lev. 2: 14. ac- 
 cording to the ancient versions, 
 pounded or bruised kernels or ears. 
 The derivation of this sense, or its 
 connexion with the preceding, is 
 not certain. The Jewish lexico- 
 graphers render it green ears, which 
 does not suit the passages. 
 
 3. proper name of a fruitful 
 promontory on the Mediterranean 
 sea, on the southern boundary of 
 the tribe of Asher. Josh. 19: 26. 
 IK. 18: 19fr. Is. 33:9. Relandi 
 Palaestina, p. 327. Cant. 7 : 6 
 
 ^75^33 n*!^^ '^'^^'^ % ^^ (^"0 
 
 as Carmel, i. e. as thickly cov- 
 ered with hair, as Carmel with fo- 
 liage. (Hair and foliage are often 
 compared together by poets.) 
 
 Others makt b!^^3 here i. q. 
 b'^73-)3 crimson.) but without reason. 
 
 4.' a city on the west of the 
 Dead sea, situated on a height, 
 Josh. 15:55. 1 Sam. 25 : 5. now 
 called El Kirmel., a lime-stone 
 mountain. See Relandi Palaestina, 
 p. 695. Seetzen in Zach's monatl. 
 Correspondenz, B. 17. p. 134. 
 
 Note. The gentile noun is '^b^'TD 
 1 Sam. 30: 5. 2 Sam. 23: 35. fern" 
 n^- 1 Sam. 27 : 3. a Carmelite, a 
 Carmelitess. 
 
 ^V.15 Chald. a seat, throne, i.q. Heb. 
 ND3. Dan. 5:20. With suif. rr^O^S 
 7:9.* Plur. I^D^S 7:9. 
 
 T c ; T 
 
 CD/nS found only Ps.80:14. to lay 
 waste,, to root up ; spoken of a boar. 
 
 to eat up, to gna'W 
 
 (Arab.*A/-=^ 
 
 in pieces ; Chald. toD/^.j? to eat off. 
 It is derived from the simple ti:DS, 
 either by inserting "n, or by com- 
 bining it with the kindred Q'nS, in 
 Syr. prcEscidit.) 
 
 3?"13 to bend or let one^s self down, 
 usually with the addition tD''.3^2 b^ 
 on the knees. Judg. 7: 5, 6. 1 K. 8: 
 54. 2 K. 1: 13. Ezra 9:5. Also 
 tD'^S'll ^i'*)^ the knees bet\d or 
 60a;, Is. 46:23. Job 4:4. This verb 
 is used (1.) to express reverence to 
 a prince or to the deity,and thenfre- 
 quently joined with JTirtnUJrj Ps.95: 
 6. Construed with ^ of the person, 
 Is. 46: 23 ^jna-bs SJ'iSn 'b ""S for 
 to me every knee shall bow. Also with 
 \:5i:, Ps. 22:30. 72:9. It some- 
 times denotes entire prostration, 2 
 Chr. 7: 3 ^:^^? tZD":?^ ''^"nS'^l and 
 they bowed down with their faces to 
 the ground. (2.) to express a sink- 
 ing down on the knees from weak- 
 ness, previous to falling. Job 4: 4 
 D1i'"n3 tID''3l2 the sinking knees. 
 Ps. 20: 9 ^bS3T ^i?^3 they sink and 
 
 ITT : : IT ' 
 
 fall. 2 K. 9: 24 he sunk down in his 
 chariot. Judg. 5: 27. Also for re- 
 pose. Gen. 49: 9 yn^i 5J^3 he bends 
 and lies down. (3.) to express the 
 
mj 
 
 317 
 
 ma 
 
 posture of a woman in travail. 1 
 Sam. 4: 19. corap. Job 39: 4, where 
 the same is spoken of the wild-goats. 
 (In Ethiopia the women bring 
 forth in a kneehng posture.) (4.) 
 T:'<li^ ^5? SJ'nS to bend down on a 
 woman^ comprimere feminam. Job 
 31: 10. Corap. incurvare^ Martial, xi. 
 44. inclinare^ Juvenal, ix.26. x. 224. 
 
 Hiph. 1. to cast dor^n (an enem}'.) 
 Ps. 17:13. 18:40. 78: 31. 
 
 2. to bend down^ (with sorrow.) 
 Judg. 11:35. 
 
 D'^^HD dual fem. i/ie Zeo.0 Lev. 1:13. 
 
 Am. 3: 12. the legs of a locust, with 
 which he leaps, Lev. 11:21. 
 
 ^rl.[r. fi^^ white linen or cotton 
 cloth. Est.^ 1: 6. (In Arab, and 
 Pers [j*^j.^=i, and {j^\.^ ^^=^', 
 
 whence ^aQnuaog^ carbasus^ a spe- 
 cies of fine flax which the classics 
 speak of as brought from India 
 and the east. Celsii Hierobot. T. 
 11. p. 157. The word is said to ex- 
 ist also in the Sanscrit language.) 
 
 *T13 found only in Pilp. 'n3'^3 to 
 dance, 2 Sam. 6: 14, 16. i. q. ^J?^ in 
 the parallel passage 1 Chr. 15 : 29. 
 
 See under MT'isns . 
 * J 
 
 C3"l3 found only Jer. 51: 34. the belly, 
 
 < p V 
 
 (In Aram. .fl)p, \^tD^ ^D'llS i.q. 
 
 '0*13 a proper name, Cyrus, king of 
 Persia. Ezra 1:1,7, 8. Is. 44:28. 
 45:1. 2Chr. 3:22, 23. Dan. 1:21. 
 6. 29. 10;1. The Greeks uniformly 
 interpret it the sun, and correctly ; 
 c y 
 
 comp. the Pers. r^ {khor) and 
 
 *^%L^^ {khorshid) the sun. The 
 
 Hebrew form is either a contrac- 
 tion of khorshid, or else khor with 
 a servile 'j:; annexed, as perhaps in 
 *iJT^*^1 Darius. 
 
 Vt : rr 
 
 n"l!3,fut. nh:D^ 
 
 1. to cut, to cut off 'y e.g. apart 
 
 of a garment, 1 Sam. 24: 5, 12. a 
 branch of a tree. Num. 13: 23, 24. 
 the prepuce, Ex. 4 : 25. Hence 
 nn^3 Lev. 22: 24. and Jl35'^ n^l^S 
 Deut.23: 2. abscissus quoad veretrum'. 
 
 2. to chop off, to hew down ; e. g, 
 the head, 1 Sam. 5: 4. wood in a 
 forest, Deut. 19: 5. Q-'liSrti in^b 
 hewers of wood, 2 Chr. 2; 1 0. Appli- 
 ed to the cutting down of images, 
 Ex. 34: 13. Judg. 6: 25, 26, 30. 
 
 3. to root out, to destroy, (as men.) 
 Jer. 11: 19. See Niph. and Hiph. 
 
 4. n'^^a rriS to make an agree- 
 ment or covenant, to strike a league, 
 like oQ'Aia xt^vetv, icere foedus, a 
 phraseology derived from the cus- 
 tom of slaughtering and dividing 
 asunder the victims, on occasion of 
 making a covenant, (comp. Gen. 
 15: 10. Jer. 34: 18, 19. So anovdt 
 a libation, also a covenant, whence 
 spondere, spousio.) It is usually 
 construed with d2j and nJ?. (nJ<,) 
 with any one, Gen. 15: 18. Ex. 24: 
 8. but in cases where on one side 
 a condition is made or assented 
 to, it is construed with b. Josh. 
 9: 6 n'^^li ^ii?-:in'n3 tin's? now 
 make a covenant with us, i. e. give 
 us peace, lay upon us the conditions 
 of peace. Verse 7 ff. 1 Sam. 11: 1, 
 2. Ex. 23: 32. 34: 12, 15. Deut. 7: 
 2. Job31:n2''>;b ^n'lS rT'^^S I had 
 made a covenant with my eyes, i.e. 
 I had imposed a law upon them; 
 comp. 2 Sam. 5:3. 1 Chr. 11:3. 
 Hence spoken of Jehovah's mak- 
 ing a covenant with men, 2 Chr.21: 
 7. Is. 55: 3. 61:8. Jer. 32: 40. Ez- 
 ra 10: 3 ^rtibN^. n''^2-n'iS3 irrn^"? 
 C^dj-blD N^'ZCiSib and now let us vow 
 to our God to put away all our wives. 
 In all these constructions ri"''i2 is 
 sometimes omitted; as 1 Sam. 20: 
 16. 22:8. 2Chr.7:18. 4s. 57: 8 
 D?173 ^b"n'l!rni et fosdere conjunx- 
 isti tibi {quosdam) exiis. Viilg.fcs- 
 dus pepigisii cum eis. Instead of 
 n'^'na we find tlJ^J? a covenant, 
 Neh. 10: 1. and ^nV, Hag. 2: 5. 
 (comp. Ps. 105: 9.)" 
 
nni 
 
 318 
 
 nm 
 
 Niph. 1. pass. ofKal no. 2. Job 
 14:7. Is. 55: 13. 
 
 2. to he separated^ to separate it- 
 self. Josh. 3: 13 ]nn*n.3"; "j"?."!!!:! ^12 
 then the waters of Jordan separated 
 themselves. 4: 7. 
 
 3. to be banished. Zech. 1 4: 2. 
 Comp. nrr^n^ divorce. 
 
 4. to be consumed. Num. 11: 33 
 the flesh was yet between their teeth^ 
 21*7,5^ D'lP. (ttwfi) wof 1/ef consumed. 
 
 5. i^o 6e rooted out, to be destroyed- 
 Gen. 9:11. Ps. .37: 9. Prov. 2 : 22. 
 10: 31. So in the formula of the 
 Mosaic law i^''jii-i u;c|n nn'irDi 
 
 'n'*7ii^72i that soul shall be destroyed 
 from lis people^ Gen. 17: 14. Lev. 7: 
 20, 21. or ^i^.'y^'^p, from Israel, Ex. 
 12:15. Numli9:13. Vrjf;ri ^jin^ 
 from the midst of the cnnu^regaiion^ 
 Num. 19 : 20. bij'^^^ nnr^, from 
 the congregation of Israel^ Ex. 12:19. 
 also simply nnsij it shall he de- 
 stroyed, Lev. 17: 14. 20: 17. This 
 formula denotes capital punishment 
 generally, without defining the 
 mode; see Ex. 31:14. comp.35: 2. 
 and Num. 15: 32. 
 
 6. to perish generally, i. q. *ini<; 
 e. g. as a land, perire (fame,) Gen. 
 41: 36. as a hope, to he frustrated, 
 Prov. 24: 14 nisn i<b ^nipm and 
 thy hope shall not befrustrated;{comp. 
 ^nij Job 8: 13.) 1 k. 2: 4 n^S^ fi\*':: 
 bN^iD"; iXD3 b^"^^ ii'^^ "^b there shall 
 not perish or fail to thee a man on 
 the throne of Israel. 8: 25. 9: 5. Is. 
 48:19. Jer.33:17, 18. 35:19. 
 Josh. 9: 23 nS?; r^l^Jq n'73'^ J<"b there 
 shall not fail among you a servant^ 
 i. e. ye shall be bond-men forever. 
 
 Hiph. 1. i.q. Kal no. 3. to root 
 out., to destroy ; as individual per- 
 sons. Lev. 17: 10. nations. Josh. 23: 
 4. Zeph. 3:6. Ezek. 25:7. instru- 
 ments of idolatry. Lev. 26: 30. 
 
 2. to separate, withdraw. 1 Sam. 
 
 20: 15 Di?^. '^'^pn nijf rr^^sn i<b\ 
 
 abii* "1^ '^n'^a and thou shall not with- 
 drano thy kindness from my house for- 
 ever. 
 
 Hoph. rr^Siri pass. Joel 1: 9. M 
 mrriS fem. plur. verbal from nnisi 
 hewn' timber. 1 K. 6:36. 7: 12. 
 
 I. *^rj'n!D found only in the phrase 
 
 ^n'^^srsT ^rr\yr\ 2 Sam. 8:18. 15: 
 
 18. 20: 7, 23. headsmen and runners.^ 
 that is, the body guard of David. 
 The word Ti'lS is here prob. i. q. 
 nzD a headsmaa^an executioner,{from 
 rr^s no. 2.) i. e. a member of the 
 body guard, it being well known 
 that capital punishmenis in the east 
 are executed by the body guard, or 
 by their chief. (See DTjst:.) Comp. 
 1 K. 2: 25, 34, 46. with Dan. 2: 14. 
 Some interpret the word Philistine, 
 (after no. II.) but this meaning is 
 improbable, (l.) because David 
 would hardly have employed this 
 hated nation in so important a ser- 
 vice ; and (2.) because the analo- 
 gy of the word '^nbB requires that 
 it should be an appellative. 
 
 II. "^rrnS m. a gentile noun, i. q. 
 ^nUibs , Philistine, or perhaps aa 
 inhabitant of only the southern and 
 maritime parts of Philistia. I Sara. 
 30: 14. Ezek. 25: 16. Zeph. 2: 5. 
 The Sept. and the Syriac version 
 render it a Cretan ; and this has led, 
 not without reason, to the supposi- 
 tion that the Cherethites were de- 
 scendants of the Cretans, and that 
 "ihDS Caphtor is Crete itself. Ac- 
 cording to an account in Stepha- 
 nus Byzantinus,(under the art. Ga- 
 za,) the Cretans under Minos un- 
 dertook an expedition to Gaza, 
 where there exists a temple of Ju- 
 piter Cretensis, called Mamas. 
 This may be a historical vestige of 
 the emigration of the Philistines 
 from Caphtor or Crete. Others 
 derive the name from n*^3 to ban- 
 
 T T 
 
 ish Zech. 14:2. hence i. q. *aXX6- 
 (fvXot, 
 nteS m- and fi'IT^D f. by transposi- 
 tion, i. q. UJiS a lamb. Gen. 30: 32, 
 33,35. Lev. 3: 7. 5:6. 
 
nffl3 
 
 319 
 
 tl3 
 
 r^p3 proper name of the son of 
 Nahor and nephew of Abraham. 
 Gen. 22: 22. It is not improbable, 
 that he is here referred to as the 
 progenitor or founder of the nation 
 of the D''*tp3 Chaldeans. 
 
 D^'^lS^ plur. a gentile noun. 
 
 i. the Chaldeans, i. e. the inhabi- 
 tants of Babylon and Babylonia, be- 
 ing often parallel with ^^ip, ^^/i;"'. Is. 
 43:14. 48: 14,20. Jer. sT: 9. '32:4, 
 24,25,28,29. Ezek. 23: 14,23. 
 Hab. 1: 6 11. a-:ji253 y-lJt Chal- 
 rfea, Jer. 24: 5. 25:12. Ezek. 12: 
 
 13. Is. 23: 13. also simply D^'^p? f. 
 Jer. 50: 10. 51:24,35. n^'llp3 to 
 Chaldea, Ezek. 16: 29. 23^ 1*6. In 
 its widest sense it included Meso- 
 potamia, hence D'^^^rs y"lN Ezek. 
 1: 3, spoken of the country on the 
 Chaboras, and n^^'^U53 11: 24. So 
 B'^'^UJ^ in^{ Gen. 1 1": 28. Ur of the 
 Chaldees, i. e. Ur in Mesopotamia. 
 In their irruptions into Falestme, 
 they came from the north, (Jer. 1: 
 
 14. 4:6. 6:1.) by Hemath and 
 Riblah, the usual rout from Baby- 
 lon, Ezek. 26: 7. Jer 39: 5. 52: 9. 
 In opposition to the hypothesis of 
 Michaelis and Schliizer that the 
 Chaldeans were a northern people 
 of perhaps Sclavonic origin and 
 different from the Shemitish Baby- 
 lonians, see Adelung's Mithridat, 
 Th. I. p. 314 ff. Rosenmuller on 
 Hab. 1: 6. and Gesenius' greater 
 Lexicon, p. 480. 
 
 2. as Chaldea was the country 
 where astrology eminently flour- 
 ished, an astrologer, a Magian, as 
 the word Chaldceus is used in the 
 classic writers. Dan. 2: 2, 4. 
 
 "lDD, plur. N.I'i^S, Chald. 
 
 1. a Chaldean. Dan. 3: 8. 
 
 2. an astrologer. Dan. 2: 10. 4:4. 
 [4:7.] 
 
 It^D found only Deut. 32: 15. i. q. 
 
 tlD3, but, like the Arab. UmJ^zd 
 (which otherwise corresponds to 
 riDS) oonj.VlIl. specially to be cov- 
 
 ered with fat. So the Hebrew 
 commentators ; and 3 MSS. read 
 D^DD. Comp. Job 15: 27. 
 
 P^'JDij m. an axe, hatchet, from ^UJ3, 
 m?ie] to fell Ps. 74: 6. (In Chald. 
 idem, Jer. 46: 22 Targ.) 
 
 Vy2!D, fut. brlJD^ nee Pror. 4: 16 
 Kethib, (elsewhere the fut. of Ni- 
 phil is used.) 
 
 1 . to shake, totter, to be weak., fee* 
 ble. Ps. 109: 24 D1i?2 ^'tt'2 '^'2^3. 
 my knees totter from fasting ; comp. 
 Is. 35:3. Neh. 4:4. [lO.J V^^syee- 
 ble, tottering. Is. 5: 27. 
 
 2. to stumble, to trip in walking. 
 Ps. 27: 2 ^\^r] n^ip5 riTart they stum- 
 ble andfnlLYs.3i:3. 59: 14. Jer. 
 50: 32. Construed with 2 on any 
 thing, Lev. 26:37. Nah. 3:3. To fall, 
 sink, generally, Is. 3: 8. Hos. 4: 5. 
 
 Niph. 'b^'Dl , fut. ^t'Z'] (this 
 tense is wanting in Kal,) i. q. Kal. 
 
 1 . to totter. 1 Sam. 2 : 4 D'^^^ia 
 the tottering. 
 
 2. to stumble, to fall. Pro v. 4: 12. 
 Jer. 31:9. Figuratively <o be ren- 
 dered unhappy, Ezek. 33: 12. 
 
 Pi. Ezek. 36: 14 Kethib^ and 
 Hiph. 
 
 1. to cause to totter, to makefet' 
 ble. Lam. 1:14. 
 
 2. to cause to stumble or fall. 2 
 Chr. 25:8. 28:23. Jer. 18:19. In 
 a moral sense, to cause to err, to se- 
 duce, Mai. 2: 8. 
 
 Deriv. out of course b'^iIJS, 
 
 'jlP'^S m. verbal from bi^s, a fall 
 Pr^ov. 16: 18. 
 
 ff^pS in Kal not used. In Syr. Ethpa. 
 to pray^ to make a prayer^ to perform 
 divine worship ; as in Acts 4 : 32. 
 13: 1 (for the Greek XuTOvgyHv.) 
 Phil. 1:4 (for dtriGtv noitiv.) This, 
 like many other sacred words of 
 the Syrians, (see C'lIQS, b^?, 15D, 
 DDp^,) is restricted by the Hebrews 
 to idolatrous services. Hence 
 
 Pi. P]'.23 to practise magic, (lit- 
 er, to pronounce or mutter over mag- 
 ic spells.) 2 Chr. 33: 6. Part. ^'4^)1 
 
nn!D 
 
 320 
 
 ^niD 
 
 a magician, Ex. 7: II. Deut. 18: 10. 
 Dan. 2: 2. Mai. 3: 5. Fem. MBip^^ 
 a 5orcerc5s, Ex. 22 : 18. Sept. g)ag- 
 /waxoVjand the verb qxxof^axevsa^ai,; 
 Vulg. malejicus^ maleficis artibus in- 
 servire. 
 
 !]t!3!D m. verbal from ;|'^3 , dec. VI. 
 magic. Nah. 3: 4. 
 
 P]v^3 m. verbal from ;]'4J3 , dec. I. a 
 magician. Jer. 27: 9. 
 
 1iI)!D , fut. lUJ^*;. 1. to he right, pro- 
 per, suitable. Est. 8: 5 ^y^li 'y'D'Z>^ 
 ^V.?2ll "jDb anci t/ie i/iin^ sAa/^ seem 
 right before the king. (So in Chald.) 
 2. io be happy, to prosper. (In 
 Sjr. idem.) Ecc. 11: 6. 
 
 Hiph. to give success. Ecc. 10:10. 
 
 pIplD m. verbal from TiJS. 
 
 1 . success, prosperity, happy course. 
 Ecc. 2: 21. 4: 4. See n^^tiS . 
 
 2. ^ain, advantage. Ecc. 5: 10. 
 (Syr. Ijju:) in both senses.) 
 
 l2n!D, fut.nns''. 
 
 1. to write; construed with r^ 
 on any thin^^, Deut. 6: 9. 11 : 20" 
 with irN, Jer. 36: 2. Ezck. 2: 10. 
 with a, Neh. 7:5. 8: 14. 13: 1. 
 with an accus. Is. 44: 5 iT^ ahi"* 
 JlilrT'b he writes on his hand, I am 
 Jehovah'' s; comp. Ex. 32: 15. Ezek. 
 2:10. and Rev. 13:16. (But Gese- 
 nius in his Jesaia, Leip. 1821. ren- 
 ders Is. 44: 5 thus : he writes with 
 his hand, I am JehovaWs.) in 3 
 
 S bfi$ ^)0 to write a letter to any 
 one, 2 Sam. 11: 14. with b?, 2 Chr. 
 30: 1 . ^5 in 3 to prescribe to any 
 one, 2 K. 22: "l 3. Ps. 40 : 8. also 
 with hNf, Est: 9: 23. and with \ , 
 Prov. 22: 20: Hos. 8: 12. Ezra 4: 
 7 IT'^.^iNt nin3 written in the Ara- 
 mean character, as distinguished 
 from the language. 
 
 2. to describe, write down. Num. 
 33: 2. Judg. 8: 14. .Josh. 18: 4, 6, 8. 
 
 Ps. 87 : 6 Q-'a^ ninsa ^bo\ 'nrn^ 
 Jehovah reckons, in zvritins down the 
 
 people. Is. 4:3 fi'i^nb n!in3M->3 
 every one that is written among the 
 living; comp. Jer. 22: 30. Ps. 69: 
 29. 
 
 3. to write, ordain^ resolve. Is. 65: 
 6. Job 13:26. 
 
 Niph. pass. Est. 1:19. 2: 28. 
 
 Pi. i. q. Kal. Once Is. 10: 1. 
 
 Deriv. out of course nn3?3. 
 
 2ri!D m. (with Kamets impure,) ver- 
 bal from SJQS, dec. I. found only in 
 later Hebrew. 
 
 1. a writing. Est. 3:14. 8:8. 
 rr^iri'lnniD the writing of the edict, 
 Est. 4: 8.-2 Chr. 2:10 nriDn ^rJN^l 
 and he answered in writing. 
 
 2. a book. Dan. 10:21. Especially 
 a catalogue, Ezek. 13: 9. Ezra 2:62. 
 Neh. 7: 64. 
 
 ^nS m. Chald. 
 
 1. a writing. Dan. 5: 8,15,16,24. 
 
 2. a precept, prescription. Ezra 6: 
 18. 7: 22 nn3 i^h ""1 without pre- 
 scription, i.e. without limitation, as 
 much as was necessary. 
 
 -rS Chald. to write. Dan. 5: 5. 6: 
 
 26^ 7: 1. 
 niiriD f. verbal from 3n3, a writing, 
 
 marking. Lev. 19: 28. See S?pyp. 
 
 D'^niD and iD'^^nS plur. the ' Chit- 
 tim, the name of a western peo- 
 plei Gen. 10:4. Dan. 11:30. Ezek. 
 27: 6. which in a wider sense may 
 have been sometimes used for wes- 
 tern people or the west generally, 
 (synonymous with D'^'^^N,) as the Ro- 
 man poets used India, Syria for the 
 east generally. Num. 24: 24. Is. 23: 
 12. Jer. 2: 10. What particular 
 part of the west was primarily and 
 strictly designated by this word has 
 been disputed. According to the 
 Vulg. Italy ; according to Josephus, 
 (Antiq. i. 7. 1.) Cyprus ; according 
 to others, Macedonia or the north of 
 Greece. For the latter Xfrrui^i is 
 evidently taken 1 Mac. 1 : 1. and 
 KiTiOLLOv 8 : 5. and perhaps the 
 word is so used in Dan. 1 1 : 30. 
 Comp. Bocharti Phaleg. p. 137. 
 
3nD 
 
 321 
 
 nnD 
 
 J. D. Michaelis Spicileg. T. I. p. 
 103 tf. Supplem. p. 1377 ff. also 
 Gesenius on Is. 23: 1, where he 
 advocates the opinion of Jose- 
 ph us. 
 
 ri'^ilS m. verbal from nn3, beaten 
 oil. Ex. 27: 20. 29: 40. lJv. 24: 2. 
 which, as R. Salomo affirms, was 
 obtained not from the press, but 
 by bruising the olives with a pes- 
 tle in a mortar, by which means 
 only the purest and best oil was ex- 
 tracted, 
 
 ^ri.b m. dec. VI. p. a wall Cant.2: 9. 
 
 7n3 Chald. idem. Dan. 5: 5. Plur. 
 
 N^'bns, (like ^S2i, ^^-\na,) Ezra 
 
 5: 8. 
 uTlD in Kal not used ; to be soiled^ 
 
 Stained, spotted. (Syr. Pa. >oAa to 
 
 soil ; Ethpa. to be dirty, blacky spot- 
 ted.) 
 
 Niph. Jer. 2: 22. 
 
 DHD na. gold, i. q. nrjT , but used on- 
 ly* in poetry. Job' 28: 16, 19. 31: 
 24. Prov. 25: 12. Ps. 45: 10. Dan. 
 10:6. Cant. 5: 11. Michaelis (Sup- 
 plem. p.l381.) supposes, that Dns 
 denoted particularly to have dark 
 yellow spots, in support of which 
 
 X c 
 
 he refers to the Arab. f*V>jC=rf 
 
 cum quid vatdejlavum est; hence he 
 explams Dn3 yellow {gold.) Others 
 derive it from the Arab. *JC==> to 
 conceal, as if, aliquid abscondi- 
 
 linen, linen cloth ; Chald. ^n3, ^nS, 
 ]n''3, Syr. ijdD idem ; comp. Arab- 
 
 (^^J2.5^ Ci>^^ cotton^ cotton cloth. 
 Out of ihiS substance the garment 
 was made, and hence acquired its 
 name. From the east the Greeks 
 obtained their word x^^^^') Plur 
 nn:r3 Ex. 28:40. 29:8. 40:14. 
 conJunians Gen, 3: 21. Ex. 39:27. 
 
 : T 
 
 v|inS f. consl. pjns, dec. V. c. 
 
 1. the shouiaer. {A (\o\ib\e member, 
 and of fern. gen. different from cp.ip 
 masc.q.v.) ls.49:22. Neh.9:29 risrVT 
 n")/lb P|nD and they showed a re- 
 bellious shoulder i. e. they showed 
 themselves rebellious ; comp. Zech. 
 7: 11. 
 
 2. applied to things without 
 life, a side ; e. g. of a building, 1 K. 
 6:8. 7:39. of the sea, Num. 34:1 1. 
 of a city or country, (in a geo- 
 graphical sense,) Josh. 15:8, 10.11. 
 18: 12 ff. Is. 11:14 Clp-L^D nns 
 
 .... ' -r 
 
 the side or country of the Fhi'ltstmes, 
 Better under no. 1. see Gesen. on 
 Is. II: 14. 
 
 Plur. nisns f. const, nisns, 
 with suff. T^cns. 
 
 T 
 
 1. sides. nnsn rricns lalera 
 portcB, the space by the side of the 
 door, Ezek. 41:2,26. 
 
 2. the shoulder-pieces (of the 
 high-priest's ephod.) Ex. 28: 7, 12. 
 39:4,7, 18,20. 
 
 3. the shoulder of the axle-tree, I 
 K. 7:30,34. 
 
 turn, pretiosum. Perhaps, however, '* (ijS in Kal not used. 
 
 like the other names of metals, it is 
 a primitive. 
 
 riDhS f. and rijhS f. dec. XIII. c. 
 on under garment, close coat, ^trajv, 
 tunica. Gen. 37: 3 ff. Ex. 28: 4, 39. 
 This garment, which was used 
 also by women, (2 Sam. 13: 18. 
 Cant.5:3.)vvas worn next to the skin, 
 had sleeves, and usually reached 
 down to the knees. For the wo- 
 5 oS -^ 
 
 men it was longer. (Arab, ^j^/^^ > 
 
 41 
 
 Pi. to surround, especially in a 
 hostile manner. Judg. 20:43. Ps. 
 22: 13. 
 
 Hiph. idem. Hab. 1: 4. Also in 
 a good sense, with a, Ps. 142:8. 
 Intrans. to be surrounded or crowned^ 
 (see ^ns,";. Prov. 14:18 C^aniS* 
 n^"l ^i-^^nD^ tit^ prudent are crown' 
 ed with knowledge, 
 
 II. *1P3 Pi. o wait, construed with 
 ^. Job 36: 2. (as in Aram.) 
 
322 
 
 "iD!!) m. verbal from in3 no. I. a 
 cro'jim or diadem of the Persian 
 king, F^st. 6:8. or of the queen, 
 Est. 1:11. 2:17. By the Greeks it was 
 called TiiTuQig, xidoc^jig^ Curt. iii.3. 
 
 nn*13 f. plur. ni'nniD, verbal from 
 ^DID , dec. Xlll. k. the chapiter of a 
 pillar. 1 K. 7: 16 ff. 2 Chr. 4: 12. 
 
 'OnS to pound or bruise^ (in a mortar.) 
 Prov. 27: 22. In Aram, more fre- 
 quent. Deriv. urnlD^. 
 
 nri!D, fut. nb\ I. to hammer^ beat, 
 forge. Joel 4: 10. [3:10.] n^ns con- 
 tusus {testiculos^) a kind of castra- 
 tion, Lev. 22: 2 i. 
 
 2. to break in pieces^ e. g. a ves- 
 sel. Is. 30: 14. Figuratively to scat' 
 ter an enemy, Ps. 89: 24. (i.q. y^S.) 
 
 Pi. nnS i. q. Kal no. 1. is. 2: 4. 
 no. 2. 2 K. 18:4. 2 Chr. 34: 7. 
 
 Pu. to be destroyed. 2 Chr. 15:6 nU' 
 tion was destroyed of nation^ and city 
 of city ^ descriptive of a state of an- 
 archy. 
 
 Hiph. fut. iin^^l, to scatter or 
 beat down (an enemy.) Num. 14:45. 
 Deut. 1:44. 
 
 Hoph. fut. nS"; to be broken down^ 
 destroyed; spoken of images, Mic. 1: 
 7. of person*. Job 4: 20. Jer. 46:5. 
 
 Deriv. nTiS. HP^-J:}. 
 
 t' t 
 
 1p/? Lamed is the twelfth letter of 
 the alphabet, and as a numerical 
 sign denotes 30. The name signi- 
 fies perhaps iq. ^l^^b^ an ox-goad, 
 and has reference to its form. ,. 
 
 This letter is commuted, as in < 
 Greek, with the olher semi-vowels. 
 (I.) With:, as ynb and yn: to 
 press; npn: Chald. 'j'l^, i^z'lb a 
 sheath; lr,'D'p\ and T'Z'Z': a cell, 
 chamber ; 'iDSDS, t/'aAr?Jp, iliuhtjQ- 
 wv ; comp. the Doric r^f-Oov, tv- 
 Tiov, for TiXitov, tlTLOv. (2.) With 
 n, especially in Aramean,and in the 
 compari on of Hebrew with Ara- 
 mean, as ^!:^{ for ti'iNi behold; 
 nniJobJ? Is. 13:22. i. q. ni:72^J^ pal- 
 aces ; ' tD';^\n loins, Chald. 'yI^^. ' 
 nTnT?3 and nibT^3 the zodiac; 
 
 DTTii")!!; chains, Chald. and Arab. 
 * * "" 5 >* > c > 
 
 inbuib'^; , 2^XamXa*/^ Ethiop. and mod- 
 ern Arab, b^m-ci ; comp. ^Q^3ctvog 
 and ah'pavog an oven ; hl^jiov and 
 
 lilium. Hence there is a parono- 
 masia in the words ::'';Db and ui^n 
 
 Mich. 1: 13. (3.) Rarely with 73, 
 
 5 ^ J c y 
 as nl:>b.^ Ar b. '^^^szT^.^ a scmW. 
 
 a prefix preposition, i. q. ^J^t , of 
 which it is probably a contraction; 
 (in poetry also iab, q. v.) 
 
 1. most frequently a sign of the 
 dativ^ case. But more rarely 
 
 2. it serves to form a periphra- 
 sis for the genitive, as 1 Sam. 14:16 
 b^i^UJb D"'C22!n the watchmen of Saul, 
 liter, which belonged to Saul, (Comp. 
 b 1'<pJ{ p. 66.) Used thus in mark- 
 ing dates, Ezek. 1: 2 UJ^hb iTvaTsna 
 on the fifth (day) of the month. 40:1. 
 Dan. 2:1. in naming authours, (call- 
 ed Lamed auctoris, and found also 
 in Arabic,) Hab. 3: 1 p^jv^nb nbtn 
 the prayer of Habakkuk ; ^'I72]72 
 HTlb the psalm of David, before 
 the material. Lev. 13 : 48. Ezra 1: 
 11. Ps.l2:7. 
 
323 
 
 3. It is found in the later writ- 
 ings likewise before the nomina- 
 tive and accusative ; (1.) before 
 the nomin. 1 Chr. 3 : 2 '^iJV*^^ 
 di^UJiNb the third (^was) Absalom ; 
 in the parallel passage 2 Sam. 3: 3, 
 simply Qi^pSij ''*4^V*r'^3 * ^^^- '' ^' 
 2i: 20, 21/ 2' Chr. V: 2 1 . Ecc. 9: 4. 
 When thus used, it may sometimes 
 be rendered as, Ex.2 1:2 ^UJcnb t*^; 
 to go out as free. Gen. 9: 4 U^,J21 
 ClD'^nriiDjb your bloody as your lives. 
 (2.) before the accus. Lam. 4: 5 
 ^'^nl^.'^'k fi'^^^^rj who fed on dain- 
 ties. Job 5. 2." Ps. 135: 11. (Many 
 verbs, which are construed with 
 an accus. and ni* in the more an- 
 cient writings, aie joined with i: in 
 the more modern.) 
 
 4. unto. jTri'lS'i;): even to satiety., 
 Ezek.39: 19. '*' 
 
 5. concerning.^ de. Is. 5: 1 . Hence 
 3? I^M, '121 to speak., to say con- 
 cerning any thing, Gen. 20: 13. Ps. 
 22:31. 
 
 G.from., by. "i^*] . . . ."^ from .... 
 tOn Neh. 3:15. Especially after a 
 passive verb, to express the efficient 
 cause, (answering to the Greek da- 
 tive,) ?^^n'^^ ?^n^^ *]n"i3 blessed art 
 thou by or of Jehovah^ 1 Sam. 15:13. 
 Gen. 14: !9. comp. b ill!! to be- 
 come pregnant by any one. 
 
 7. in, at^ on., in specifications of 
 time and place, ^nny^ at evtninst 
 Gen. 49: 27. D'^npsb every morning, 
 Ps. 73: 14. n^^y. m;b at evening, 
 Gen. 8: 11. T'b. at the side, nnsb 
 '']bT^i< at the door of his tent, NumI 
 11: 10. ^"JZlTj m-n'iJb in seven 
 days, Gen 7: 10. Also before num- 
 bers, Q'^-JU::^"! nN>3b an hundred and 
 twenty, 2 Chr. 5: '12.* 
 
 8. as it respects, in reference to. 
 Gen. 17 :20. 1 K. 10 : 23 ^t'jh 
 tl73^nb^ in riches and wisdom. Job 
 32: 4 U^Jq^b in years. 
 
 9. for. Gen. 24:4. 47:24.-^: tin>.^ 
 to fight for any one. 
 
 10. on account of Lev. 19:28. 
 IDb therefore. 
 
 11. after, according to. ]Srnm.4:29 
 after their families. Gen. 1: 11 i:'^^b 
 after his kind. 
 
 12. before. "^Z^^b before the eyes of 
 any one, Gen. 23: 11. Gen. 45: 1 
 -j^C^; c-<::22^r7 bbb before all that 
 stood by him, 
 
 13. in, into. T)V2p^^\ in garments 
 of party-coloured needle-jcork, Ps. 
 45: 15. Lam. 5: \b our dance is turn" 
 ed into mourning. Joel 3: 4. [2: 
 31.] 
 
 14. with. Gen. 46:26. Ps. 56:10. 
 118: 6. 
 
 15. i. q. 3 as if, tanquam.. Job 39: 
 16 she treats her young ones Inb i<bb 
 as if they were not hers. 
 
 16. before other prepositions, it 
 issometimes pleonastic; as "j^Db i.q. 
 
 17. as a conj. that, before the fu- 
 ture, (as in Chald. and Arab.) 1 K. 
 6:19. 
 
 18. before an infin. it forms a 
 kind of gerund, and may be vari- 
 ously rendered ; as to, Gen. 
 24:25. till that, U. 7: 15.50 that, 
 Is. 10:2. when, Ex. 14; 27. that, 
 IK. 16:7. while, as. Gen. '^^ 3. 
 especially ^TO^tb while he spake. 
 (The opposite of these different 
 phrases is constantly expressed by 
 "^riblb.) This infin. with "i? serves 
 also for a periphrasis of the I'uture; 
 and likewi>e to express an obliga- 
 tion, ability, or necessity. See Gr. 
 214. Gesenius Lehrgeb. 211. 
 
 With suff. -^h, ; '^b (i-:3^ Gen. 27: 
 37.) in pause ^^ ;* *ib, rib ; ^:b ; 
 D3b, fern, n:^.^ ^Di^'r, )^^^. These 
 datives, strictly datives of personal 
 advantage, are used pleonastically 
 after many verbs, especially in the 
 imper. and fut. as e. g. 'rjb n^nflee 
 thou,Gen.21-AS.'^\ tim be thou like, 
 Cant. 2: 17. 8:14.^b*bnri: he shall 
 perish. Pro v. 13: 13. Tjb ^b get thee 
 away. Gen. 12: 1. 22: 2. ^b '*i''nn 
 thou knowestf Cant. 1:8. This i^iom 
 
iib 
 
 324 
 
 1.V 
 
 prevails more in the later writers 
 whose style approaches the Ara- 
 mean. 
 
 ^^9 more rarely Nib, (35 times, as 
 the Masora slates,) a primitive adv. 
 of negation. 
 
 1. not. 
 
 2. no. Gen. 19 : 2. 
 
 3. nothing. Job 6 : 21. com p. 
 Dan. 4: 3^2. [4:35.] 
 
 4. wilhovt. i. q. N^S. 1 Chr. 2 : 
 30 and Seled died D'2j. J<"b without 
 children Ps. 59 : 4. 2\^.un. 23 : 4. 
 ?t"7'l i<b without way^ Job 12: 24. 
 
 5. the interrosfiitive n being un- 
 derstood, i. q. N^n nonne ? Jon. 4 : 
 11. Job 14: 16. Lam. 3: 36. (In 
 Talmud, frequently.) So i<"i:T Ex. 
 8: 22. 1 Sam. 'ttO: 9. 
 
 6. lest, that not. Ex. 28: 32. 
 
 7. In combination with adjectives 
 it gives them a negative significa- 
 tion ; as Tj? N'p without strength^ 
 Prov. 30 : 25. 'T'DH Nb mercAless^ 
 Ps 43: 1. Also joined with sub- 
 stantives, "i'^i^ Mb ^i'houi inhabitant., 
 Job 58: 26. ^n"! k\b nothing, bb Jib 
 no one ; s^e Or 235. Gen. 3 : 1 
 j^ri fii V'2i:{ !lb5i<n i<b 2/e sAw// eat 
 of no tree of the garden. Josh. 11 : 
 ti. 1 Sam. 14:24. In a someivhat 
 different construction, bi<"i<b that 
 which is not God^ an idol., Deut. 32: 
 21. comp. y^; Nb that which is not 
 wood., a man., Is. 10: 15. 
 
 Combined with prepositions, (1.) 
 Jlba without. Ezek. 22 : 29. also 
 a Kbi as ^"'n'?^ ^"- without price., Is. 
 45: 13. (Syr. Zi W? sine.) (2.) i<bSl 
 7ionne ? Gen. 4 : 7. Often used af- 
 firmatively, as if i. q. ecce! Deut. 
 1 1 : 30. 1 Sam. 20 : 37 ^:inr: Jx^btl 
 Jli^bri'' "^72^ behold^ the arrozv is be- 
 yondVhee. 2 Sam. 15: 25. Ruth 2: 8. 
 In the books of Kings we often 
 meet with NbJj, where the writer of 
 Chronicles has substituted tiiil, 2 
 K. 15: 36. 20: 20. 21: 17. comp. 2 
 Chr. 27: 7. 32: 32. 33: 18. 35: 27. 
 See Gesenius Gesch. der Hebr. 
 Sprache, p. 39. In Samar. bti is 
 
 the common word for tiiH. So in 
 Rabbinic. (3.) Nbb without. 2 Chr. 
 15:3. 
 
 Note. The word Nb stands in 
 some places for ib to him^ (15 times, 
 as the Masora states,) e. g. Ex. 21: 
 8. Lev. 11:21. 1 Sam. 2: 3. 2 Snm. 
 IQ: 18. Probably merely an incor- 
 rect orthography. 
 
 i^h Chald. 1. not. 
 
 "^ 2. nothing. Dan. 4 : 32. [4:35.] 
 
 -)^^^ an obsol. root. See HS'liK^ri. 
 
 13 J (^7 (without pasture) a place in 
 Gi'lead, 2 Sam. 17: 27. which in 
 chap. 9 : 4, 5, is called ^n"! ib- 
 
 Mi^*7 kindred with tiJlb, in Kal (Gen. 
 iV: 11. Jib 4: 2, 5.)\nd Niph. 
 
 1. /o exeri or fatigue one^s selfj es- 
 pecial 1}' io labour to no purpose. Con- 
 strued with an infin. with and with- 
 out b, Gen. 19 : 1 1. Jer. 9: 5. 20: 
 
 2. to be wearied^ exhausted. Prov. 
 26: 15. Job 4: 5. Spoken of things 
 without life, Ps. 68 : 10 '^D^nD 
 iiNbs*! thine inheritance.^ when it was 
 exhausted. 
 
 3. to be tired or wearied of any 
 thing. Is. 1: 14. 16: 12. Jer. 6: 11. 
 15: 6. 
 
 4. to loathe or abhor generally, 
 cegreferre. Job 4 : 2. In a strong- 
 er sense, Ex. 7: 18. 
 
 Hiph. iliSbrt 1. to make weary., to 
 exhaust. Job 16: 7. Ezek. 21: 12. 
 
 2. to weary the patience of any 
 one. Is. 7: 13. Mic. 6: 3. 
 
 Deriv. Irrijbri . 
 
 t2^7 i. q. t2^b to cover. 2 Sam. 19:5. 
 Comp. p. 2. t:Kb Job 15: 11. see 
 under UJ^ . 
 
 ^^^^ adv. gently, see t2&? 
 
 I^J^'P i. q. tlb ; hence UNb? secretly, 
 privately, Judg. 4 : 21. otherwise 
 t2b2 1 Sam. 18: 22. 24: 5. 
 
 "^5^^ an obsol. root. In Arab, and 
 Ethiop. to send. 
 
 Deriv. r|i;b75 ? i^?^^'^:? f^^.^^.^- 
 
nn^ 325 t:^^ 
 
 \!s -xu ir . -L 1 .. w^-L So the Lithuanians express heart, 
 
 dec. V III. d. 2^ middle^ midst ; e. g. of the sea, 
 
 1. a people, nation. Gen. 25: 23. Ex. 15: 8. of heaven, Dfent. 4:11. 
 27: 29. Ps>. 2: 1. 7: 8. 9: 9. 2 Sam. 18: 14 nhsn nba on iAe tur- 
 
 2. proper name of an Arabian pentiae-tree. ' *' ' " ' 
 tribe. Gen. 25: 3. The name has ^L i T^ 
 
 been compared with 'AUovnam- "^C ^^^ald. idem. Dan. 7: 28. 
 Tttt in Ptolemy. Il^^h see C'^'lb. 
 
 -^, m. prim, before Makkeph (when Q"(ii*n'^ nh\'^^ '^"'^ 
 
 a tone-syllable follows) -a'^, with -r/;' "': "^:* 
 
 snfT. ^2):, dec. VIll. i. and * I. D3*P denom. from l\ . 
 
 ^^^ m. const, illb , plur. d'^lib , Niph. to become wise^ to acquire 
 
 rii:ai^ dec. IV. b. ' understanding. Job 11 : 12. (Syr. 
 
 1. the heart. ib.1 ibs 'O'ifA a rfoM- *.^:u:zi2i, cor datum fecit, animum addi- 
 
 ble ov deceitful heart., Ffi.\2:3. comp. dit; Fithp,\. cordatus^confortatus est.) 
 
 1 Chr. 12: 33 nb*) ib. ii'-^n with un- Others, without sufficient ground, 
 divided heart. i\Sam. 13: 14 i3\^. corde privari; for there is no exam- 
 =!nnb3 a man after his heart ; comp." P'e of the privative signification of 
 
 2 :'35. Jer. 3 : 15.-The Hebrews ^^t ^^'"^ transferred to Niph. 
 regard. the heart rather as the seat , ^[ ^?^ ^ *!^^ f/ie /le./r^ to wound 
 of mtellect than of feeling, Neh. 7: [?^ W^ spoken ot one beloved. 
 5 God put it into my mind. 1 K. 10 : ^^^^^it 4; g. 
 
 24 the wisdom which God had put ll^ ?.< denom. from m"^ib, to make 
 
 into his mind ; (comp. gp^V, cor., cakes. 2 Sam. 13: 6, 8. 
 
 cordatus.) Hence (l.) mind pur^ ^^U ^ ^^^^^ ^^^ ^h . 
 
 pose, intention. "^nib Dif il^ln / had -^ ** 
 
 irt mintZ, 1 K. 8: 17^, *18. 1 Chr. 22: ^^^ m.Chald. idem. With suff. ^^13^, 
 
 7. 28:^. 2 Chr. 1: 11. 29: 10. (2.) ns:^^, Dan. 2: 30. 5 : 22. 
 understanding., knowledge, insight, ym^ll ' ' km^ 
 
 Job 12:3aDitt3 Snb ""b 55 I also ^-P, alone ; see U- 
 
 have understanding as well as you. HSrJ fem. of ib., dec. X. the heart. 
 34: W:i^\^-^Z^ men of understand- g^^j^ 16:30." Plur. nisb Ps. 7: 
 in^. lb.-" nDn one without under- 10. Prov. 15: 11. 
 standing, a fon'l Prov 7:7. 9:4. See -3*^ ^ contraction of Jianb, a>me. 
 the denom. nnb3. (3.)coM.moe,s^n^ ;;" ^ /-. 1 ' 7- ' 1 
 
 -nnb^ ^l/a/n< W^ed, Deut. 20: ^ Ex. 3: 2. Comp. b-dj^: lor b-optir 
 
 8. Gen. 42: 28 Dab. N2r.l anti their "^-^^ ^ee ITIDD^ 
 
 courage failed them. 1 Sam. 17:32. i3^^<.9 *^?^ "i- verbal from Uiib , 
 
 2Sam.7:27. 17:10. (Syr.tlliil^ ^^^* *' , . , 
 
 ^ "^ 1. a garment, usual 1}'^ in poetry. 
 
 spirited, confident.) (4.) with suf- Job 24: 7, 10. 31: 19. 38: 14. Est. 
 
 fixes it forms a periphrasis of the g; 9 10 11. 
 
 personal pronouns. Ex. 9 : 14. 2.' a \pouse, consort. (After a 
 
 (Comp. cor, in Ennius apud Gelli- common figure in Arabic ; as in 
 
 um, vij 2.) In some phrases the Cor. Sur. 11. 183 '' women are your 
 
 Hebrews use heart for stomach, garment and you are theirs.") As 
 
 (comp. the Greek ^cagdialyla, a fem. Mai. 2 : 16. 
 
 cramp in the stomach ;) as ib li'D <. V' -^^ 
 
 to support or strengthen the stomach, ^^o Arab. JO^ to throw to the 
 
32V 
 
 326 
 
 32^ 
 
 ground. Nipb. to fall, to perish, 
 Prov. 10: 8, 10. Hos. 4 : 14. 
 
 ^^^^ dec. VI. plur, masc. D^ib Uons^ 
 Ps. 57: 5. plur. fem. nTNlnb lionesses, 
 Nah. 2:13. 
 
 fc^*^!!}^ a lion, perhaps a lioness ; comp. 
 Gen. 49 : 9. Num. 24 : 9. Job 4 : 
 11. Used only in poetry. Arab. 
 
 eV./.J^ ^-^A^^ ^^->^ fl lioness ; but 
 
 all these lorms have the feminine 
 termination.) Comp. Bocharti Hie- 
 roz. I. p. 719. 
 
 VC^lh f. (for iT-nb,) Ezek. 19: 2. a 
 lioness. 
 
 nin^!}^ fern. plur. a kind of cake or 
 pudding, which was cooked in a 
 pan, and was so soft as to be pour- 
 ed out. 2 Sam. 13: 68, 10. See 
 :22b. Sept. Y.ollvQibb<;. Vulg. sorhi- 
 
 tiuncuJiE. (Arab. O^,/.; zvheaten 
 
 Jlour, OW^ (1 crumb of bread. "^ 
 
 "jD^ 1. to be white. In Kal not used. 
 
 See ]!'::, n:^b. 
 
 2. denom. from n^lnb, to make 
 
 bricks. Gen. 11:3. Ex. 5:7, 14. 
 
 ^^{ . 
 (Arab. (^a3 idem.) 
 
 Hi ph. 1. trans, /o mnAx white, 
 metaphorically 10 pnrifij, cleanse. 
 Dan, 11: 35. 
 
 2. intrans. to be white. Ps. 51: 9. 
 Is. 1:18. Joel 1: 7. 
 
 Hithpa. to puriftj or cleanse one''s 
 self. Dan. 12: 10. 
 
 y^y^t fem. rij!2^, verbal adj. from 
 pb, dec IV." a. and XI. c. xdiite. 
 ExT 16:31. Lev. 13: 3 ff. 
 
 "jT-y, const. ~]!;b, verbal adj. from 
 inb, WiiVe. Gen. 49: 12. 
 
 ij'2'7^ fem. of "jib, alba scil. luna, the 
 moon, used oniv in poetry. Cant. 
 6: 10. Is. 24 : 23. 30: 26. (Comp. 
 
 in Arab. ^3 //ic moon, from r-f^ 
 <o 6e white.) 
 
 lD!liy^ f. plur. lD"^-, verbal from "jinbi 
 dec. XI. b. a brick, made of clay 
 dried in the sun and then burnt- 
 Gen. 11:3. Ezek. 4: 1. White clay, 
 like chalk, was used for this pur- 
 pose, (Vitruv. 11. 3.) hence the 
 
 name. (Arab. (J'AJ.) Comp. "j^b^. 
 
 n3Db m. Gen. 30 T 37. Hos. 4: 13. 
 according to the Sept. and the Ara- 
 bic version in Gen. styrax, the sto- 
 
 rax-tree. (Arab. (^-^^^ idem.) But 
 the Sept. in Hosea, and the Vulg. 
 in Gen. render it hva^], populus 
 [alba,) the white poplar. See Celsii 
 Hierobot. P. I. p. 202. comp. J. D. 
 Michaelis Supplem. p. 1404. 
 
 m3D<^ f verbal from l^bi dec. X. 
 
 1. whiteness, hence clearness, 
 transparency. Ex. 24: 10. 
 
 2. proper name of a city of re- 
 fuge in the plain of the tribe of 
 Judah, anciently the residence of a 
 kii^g. Josh. 10: 29. 12: 15. 15:42. 
 21: 13. 2 K. 8: 22. 19: 8, 23, 31. 
 
 3. also of a station of the Israel- 
 ites in the desert. Num. 33: 20. 
 
 njl^^^ and nJlDy^ f. verbal from 
 
 ]lib\ dec. X." 
 
 1. incense., in Greek Xl^avog. Lev. 
 2: 1, 15. The white incense was 
 most esteemed, see Plin. N. H. xii. 
 14. hence its name. It is mention- 
 ed as a production of Arabia, (fs. 
 60: 6. Jer. 6: 20.) and also of Pal- 
 estine, (Cant. 4 : 6, 14.) unless in 
 the latter passages it denotes bal- 
 samic plants in general. 
 
 2. name of a city near Shiloh. 
 Once Judg. 21:19. 
 
 n^nb see r\y2h lin^d. 
 
 "JIjD^^ Lebanon, proper name of a 
 
 great range of mountains between 
 Syria and Palestine, .consisting of 
 two principal chains, the proper 
 Lebanon ot Lihanus,^u(\ Jlntilibanus, 
 between which lay the valley of 
 Bukka, ("jii^bn n'spz Josh. 11: 17. 
 12: 7.) See jiD'nn, ' ^^3t;, li''")^. 
 
IDn^ 327 ytib 
 
 It derives its name {white mountain) Hiph. 1. to clothe any one ; con- 
 
 from the constant snow, (Jer. 18: strued with an accus. 2 Chr. 28:15. 
 
 14.) with which the eastern chain Usually with a double accus. ot'the 
 
 is covered ; hence in Chald. and person and thing. Gen. 41: 42. Ex. 
 
 Arab, s^^hr. ^^O and ;^Xa3( JUa^ 28: 4 1 . In a different construction, 
 snow mauntaia. Lomp. Mpes^ evi- tt '- * 'T ':' -* 
 
 dentiy connected with uXffog, albus, ^^^ P^ oi;er his hands. Metaphori- 
 
 white. It stands with and without ^'^^^y ^o c/or/.e one with salvation, 
 the article, like the names of Ps. 132: 16. Is. 61:10. 
 mountains generally. See Relandi 2. i.q. Kal, /opwf om. Jer. 4: 30. 
 
 Palaestina, p. 311. Odmann's verm. '6^, fut. \2;3b^ Chald. idem, con- 
 
 Sammlungen aus der JVaturkunde, "/^^^ ^-^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^ ^. ^^ 16^ 
 
 . T ^''T' t AP^' -^^2^53 (with the Hebrew 
 
 3^7 and 123^17 , fut. iDabv form) Dan. 5:"29. 
 
 1. to put on ; construed with an 'rj^S IZi'l'^b. 
 accus. of the garment. Lev. 6: 3, 4. ,'^. : ^^^ "" :' 
 16:23,24,32. with a , Est. 6: 8. ^^ m. a small measure for liquids, 
 (Comp. Arab, (j-^^3 med. Kesr. according to the Rabbins containing 
 construed with an accus. of the 6 egg shells or a 12th part of a 
 
 garment, or with O.) Part. Paul ^i"- H""' V ' ^^' ^^' ^^' ^^' ^^' 
 
 U;^3b construed with an accus. or , , *^,t -j a */ V i 
 
 . , ^ . (Arab, "^u idem : feyr. L w-ik a 6a- 
 
 genitive ; e. g. C3*''l2 u:ilb Ezek.lh O ,^ 
 
 2. a-^-isr: '^in^ ve'rie 1 1 ff. Comp. ^ ** ^**^0 
 
 "^l^n. J / Lydda, (now Loddo^) proper 
 
 2. metaphorically in very many name of a large village in the tribe 
 connexions. Ps. 104: 1 ^ini lin of Benjamin, in later times the seat 
 nUinb thou puttest on }rloru akd ma- o^' Rabbinical school. Neh. 7: 37. 
 /e%V Job 7: 5 n73-| ^nxi UJnb my ^ 1 ' 35- J Chr. 8: 1 2. Ezra 2 : 33. 
 
 . , , , ^' '.--/ See Relandi Palaistina, p. 877. 
 
 body has put on worms^ i. e. is * ^ 
 
 covered with worms. Ps. 65: 14 H^ Chald. nothing, i, q. iih. Dan. 4: 
 
 l^^iZn D"'-)D rvZia!? the pastures are 32 [35] Keth. 
 
 covered with sheep. So to put on ^rh m. dec. VI. c. H^n^ and 
 
 shame, frequently is, to be covered " ~ .i ^ '' '-' 
 
 with shame, Job 8 : 22. Ps. 35: 26. ^'?. v'^- ^- ^^^' ^^' 
 
 109:29. to put on righteousness, Job 1. ajlame. Joel 2: 5. Job 41: 13. 
 
 29: 14. to put on terrour, Ezek.26: [21.] Plur. niarr'!: Ps. 105:32. const. 
 
 16. to put on salvation, 2 Chr. 6: 41. n?Zinb 29:7. 
 
 etc. Comp. the Homeric phrases 2.'theJlamino or glittering part o( 
 
 dveiv aXar^v, II. xiii.742. ivvvaifat, a spear or sword, i. e. the point or 
 
 aX-Ar^v, XX. 381. iixitifvvGd^at, dXxf}i> blade. 1 Sam. 17:7. N^h. 3:3. Job 
 
 Od. IX. 2 14. Job 29: 14 \l9ab p'i: 39:23. Also without n->n, Judg.3:22. 
 
 y,V:^b^,:i I put on righteoumess, and ':2'\2r\h masc. plur. Gen. 10: 13. 
 
 it put me on, i. e. it tilled me. So * IVi . v r /. 
 
 the Spirit of God is said to put on, P/;"^"^^ '''^' '=?^^ ^f,^^"^' ^^P- 
 i. e. to fill any one, Judg. 6: 34. 1 ^ ^^ ^"^^"^^"^ "" P' ^^^ 
 Chr. 12: 18. 2 Chr. 24: 20. comp. ^H^ found only Ecc. 12: 12. (where 
 Luke 24: 49. the corresponding phrase in the 
 
 Pu. part. D^UJzb^ Ezra 3: 10. parallel clause is to make books.) 
 and d'^"i:i2 d'^Uiab^ 1 K. 22 : 10. 2 According to Kimchi, to learn or to 
 
 Chr. 18: 9. clothed, scil. in royal or ^.^^^ lo ,Vrab. ilg5 to be eager or 
 priestly garments. U > * 
 
p^ 
 
 328 
 
 r^^b 
 
 bent upon any thing. Hence Aben 3. but, Ezra 5: 12. 
 
 Ezra: anient study. Sept. ueXtTri. Mr-r^ p \ v r i i ^ 
 
 Vulg. WiW.o. Luth. Pre4e. "''''-=- ^^ ''*' ^- '^"""'' ""'^ * 
 k.taL . , ^am. 19: 20. prob. the congregation^ 
 
 n^^ i.q. n.H^ fo be wearied.exhamted. company, i.q. ii^np by a transposi- 
 
 (Comp, n^;3 and nns.) Gen. 47:13 tion. So the SeptiSyr. Arab. Chald. 
 
 ' ' ^ " '' , / r/ ' * '"'* ~ '") ' ' ^^^ ^^ '*''^* ^ ^'^- 2: lb. 20:2. Job 
 ana the tana of Lgypt was exliauattd 6* 21 
 
 by thefanune. (In Chal. nnb is the ^*, 
 common word for the Heb. rtiib.) 
 
 nn- ^^ see "in"i wH'V 
 
 nn'!? m Kal not used. Hithpal.l^rov. V, Arab. ^3 , a primitive particle, 'j 
 2b: 18 ri\ribqJ2 prob. an insane or 1. if. Judg. 8: 19. Ezek. 14:15. 
 
 mad man. Sept. ntt(j(a^u$fOV, teniali 
 iscil. a diabo to.) Veiieto-ur. i.taT(o^. 
 
 (Syr. oi^JT.!!^! obstupuit^ horruit; 
 but the ideas s/M/)Mti and amensfuit 
 are oAen embraced in the same 
 verb.) 
 
 u j7 to burn., to flame. (So in Syr. 
 and Chald.) Ps. 104:4. 57: 5 D-'Dilb 
 {men) fiaming or breathing Jiames, 
 
 Pi. S^!!^ ^' ^'^ 6MrAi, consume \ 
 spoken of a flame. Joel 1: 19. 2:3. 
 
 2. O that ! O si ! utinam. Con- ' 
 strued with a fut. Gen. 17: 18. Job | 
 6: ii. with an imper. Gen. 23: 13. 
 (comp. Di<.) with a part. Ps. 81:14. 
 Joined with the preterite, it gives 
 it the force of a pluperfect, Num. 
 14: 2 !):n^ :iV O that we, had died! 
 20: 3 :iD3na ?ib irfc/rt. Sometimes 
 it is barely concessive, Gen. 30: 34 
 '^r^'ni'ltD 'inl' ^b it maybe as ihousayest, 
 
 3. Othat not. Gen. 50: 15. Sept. 
 fifj Tioxe. Vulg. ne forte. 
 
 ^'^7 i.q. ^b. 1 Sam. 14: 30. Is. 63:19 
 
 Ps. 83: 15. 106: 18 
 
 2. to cause to burn, to kindle. Job ^*,,^L* 
 
 41: 13. uy^337 masc. plur. 2 Chr. 12:3. 16: 8 
 
 .*^L , ,r , Nah.3:9. and tn^nb Dan. 11:43. 
 
 ui^7m. verbal from "onb. ,l r -l i ' j u .u 
 
 I ^ -T the Libyans.^ always joined with the 
 
 o* 4U jj * 4 11 J f r Ea^vptians and Ethiopians. See 
 
 2. the flaming part or blade (ol a ^ \,Lv 
 
 sword.) Gen. 3: 24. See 2.r\\ =3^nn.. 
 
 tl^'CTi-^ dec. VI 
 
 cr'- 
 
 A^ a proper name. 
 
 1. Gen. 10: 22. a people ofShe- 
 mitish origin, according to Jose- 
 ph us the Lydians. 
 
 2. Ezek. 27: 10. 30:5. Is, 66:19. 
 
 and a^niib Gen. 10: 13. Jer. 46: 9. 
 
 a people of Africa or Egypt. See 
 
 J. D. Michaelis Spicileg. T. 1. p. 
 
 , , , , . 256260. 11 p. 114. 115. 
 
 Part. Hithpa Q''73ri^n72 what ts ^ ? 
 
 eagerly swallowed, dainty bits. Prov 
 
 c. magic arts, en- 
 chantments, i. q. D'^t:?. Ex. 7:11. 
 See the analogies on p'. 163. 
 
 '0 , Arab. j*-gJ to swallow eagerly ; 
 whence *-ft3 a glutton. 
 
 ^' 
 
 18: 8. 26: 22. 
 
 jH^ on this account, therefore. Ruth 
 'i:"l3. 
 
 1^^ Chald. 1. idem. Dan. 2: 6,9. 4: 
 24. [27.] Also "^ ]tlbK on this ac- 
 count, because. 
 
 2 besides, nisi, compounded of 
 i<b not, and TJi if Dan. 2: 11. 3:28. 
 6;'8. 
 
 1. to adhere to any one, to accom- 
 pany him. Ecc. 8: 15 ^s^.b"'. fi^iiTj 
 V^Ta^l and this accompanies him., ;.e. 
 continues to him, in his labour. 
 Hence 
 
 2. to borrow ofnny one, as it were, 
 to be dependent on him, nexwn es- 
 se. Deut. 28:12. Ps. 37:21. 
 
 Niph. i.q. Kal no. 1. to be joined 
 <o any one; construed with V^* 
 Num. 18:2,4. Dan. 11: 31. with 
 
t2^b 
 
 '329 
 
 r^ 
 
 V5<, Ex. 29:34. Is. 56: 3. Jer. 50: 5. 
 Zech. 2: 15. with tZJi;, Ps. 83: 9. 
 
 Hiph. causat. oFKal no.2. to lend^ 
 mutmim dare. Is. 24: 2 iliVS niv^^ 
 as the lender^ so the borrower. Prov\ 
 22: 7. Ps. 112: 5. Construed with 
 an accus. of the person, Dent. 28: 
 12,44. Prov. 19: 17. with two ac- 
 cusatives, Ex. 22: 24. 
 
 T M P 1 . to bend., to bend away. (Arab. 
 
 O^ to bend^ incline.) 
 
 2. to depart. Prov. 3:21. 
 
 Niph. to be bent,, to be perverted. 
 Part. Ti^3 a perverse or corrupt man, 
 a sinner, ProT^ 3 : 32. (For this 
 change of signification, comp. ST^i* 
 and -^i^^ .) Neut. tibi ^'hat is per- 
 verse or sinful, Is. 30: 12. More full 
 Prov. 14:2 VDIT iSh^ whose ways 
 are perverted -, and 2: 15 tZJ'^T/lb^ 
 Ji:nb.^"tta idem. 
 
 Plipli. fut. tiT'^V:, (^'^th Chaldaic 
 form, like ^j'^V]; from "jtib,) iq. Kal, 
 to depart. Prov. 4: 21. 
 
 Deriv. n;;ib. 
 
 T'ly ni. 1. the almond-tree. Gen. 30: 
 37. (In Arab, and Syr. idem.) 
 
 2. proper name of a city, which 
 was afterwards called bi<""n'^si.(See 
 p.83.).Josh.l 8:3.Prob. different from 
 the place mentioned Judg. 1: 26. 
 
 VVrp m.dec.I. a tablet. (In Syr. and A- 
 rab. idem.) (1.) of stone, to engrave 
 upon, n'^'ian nh^b Deut. 9:9. and 
 t^^n^'t: hnb" Ex.31:18. tablets of the 
 law.' I2.) of wood. 1 K. 7:36. Cant. 
 8 : 9 "nN nV? boards of cedar.- Dual 
 tZ3"]n*nb the boarding of ships, Ezek. 
 27: 5. (3.) in a metaphorical sense, 
 Prov. 3: .3 write it on the tablet of 
 thine heart] comp. Jer. 17: 1. 
 
 ri^n^P name of a Moabilish city. Is. 
 
 15:. 5. Jer. 48 : 5. 
 
 t 
 
 umP to cover, to wrap up. Part. pass. 
 1 Sam. 21 : 10. Fut. 1 K. 19: 13. 
 (See the kindred word tjj^b, and 
 the deriv. ab-) 
 
 w21r m. verbal from t:^b. 
 
 42 
 
 1. a covering, veil. Is. 25: 7 t^'lVtl 
 D'^73yin"'^2)~b>' iheveil over alUiaiions, 
 i. e. prob. a mourning veil over 
 their faces. 
 
 2. proper name of the nephew 
 of Abraham.Gen.l3:I fr.l9:lff.By an 
 incestuous intercourse with his own 
 daughters, he was the progenitor 
 of the Ammonites and Moabite?, 
 who are therefore called the chil- 
 dren of Lot, Deut. 2: 9. Ps. 83: 9. 
 
 ^y^^ m. 1. />c^i, proper name of a son 
 of Jacob by Leah. Gen. 29: 34. 
 
 2. a patronymic noun for '^\'^b^ 
 a Levite. Plur. D"^*"]): Levites, Josh. 
 21: 1 ff. the tribe of priests among 
 the Hebrews. 
 
 "^^^ m. plur. it'')b, Chald. Levites. Ez- 
 ra 6: 16. 
 
 n T^ f. dec. X. a crown, garland, 
 Prov. 1:9. 4: 9. Root t^^b , in 
 Arab, also to weave, twist. Hence 
 
 l^x*! . ^' (^^^^ ^^i^. ^"^ ^^^^ adjec- 
 tive termination 'J_;) Wier.the twist' 
 ed animal; hence any great sea mon- 
 ster, Ps. 74: 14. 104: 26. particular- 
 ly a great serpent. Is. 27: 1 . croco- 
 dile. Job 40: 25 ff. [41: 1 ff.] Comp. 
 Bocharti Hieroz. P. II. Lib. v. cap. 
 1618. 
 
 5 V , plur. b'^b^bi winding stairs. 1 K. 
 6 : 8. (In Chald. idem.) Comp. 
 
 niNbb. 
 
 N';.^!? Gen. 43: 10. Judg. 14: IG. 2 
 Sam. 2: 27. and "^h^b Gen. 31 : 42. 
 Deut. 32: 27. unless, (compounded 
 of ^b i/and i^b. 1. q. ^^b, U^b not.) 
 
 I. I'h and 'fy" 
 
 1. to pass the night, to remain 
 through the night. Gen. 19: 2. Spok- 
 en also of inanimate objects, Ex. 
 23: 18. Lev. 19: 13. 
 
 2. to lodge, dwell ; for the most 
 part metaphorically. Ps. 25:13 his 
 soul dwells in prosperity. Job 17:2. 
 29:19. 41:14. [41: 22 ] Aho to turn 
 in, in order to lodge. Ps. 30: 6. 
 
 3. to abide, continue, remain. Ps. 
 49:13 l^b"* bs *np-"2 SI.N*! but (such) 
 
r\i^ 330 cn^ 
 
 a man abideth not in prosperity. Job as a prep. with. Ezra 4: IS ^flj}^ ]!^ 
 
 ^^'*' from with thee, de chez loi, i. q, 
 
 Hiph. to cause to abide, Jer. 4:14. ^,^.,^ /q,,^ -j^^ \ 
 
 Hilhpai. 1. q. Kal. Ps.91:LJob ' ; -^ ' 
 
 39: 28. rr^Ty f. pertjersene55, /*rowar Jncw.Prov. 
 
 Deriv. I^b^, ^T:^bn. 4. '24. j^^ot nt^ i.q. T^lb- 
 
 IJ. p*P in Kal not used. HP, plur. dTib, dec. VIII.l. adj. moist, 
 
 Niph. fo mar/nur against any one, green, frcsh^recens ; spoken of wood, 
 
 construed with by. Fut. n:"!:^Ex.lb. Gen. 30: 3. of grapes, Num. C: 3. 
 
 24. Num. 14: 2. 17: 6. Also new, not used., spoken of cord<?, 
 
 Hiph. if/em. Num. 14:29. Fut. Judg. 16: 7, . (Root nnb, comp. 
 
 jb^T Ex. 17: 3. also ^2''Vri Ex. 16: in Eih'wp. r^tib io moisi en ; Rabbin. 
 
 7!'Fart. D^I-^V? Ex. 16*: 8. Num. ^n^b, mn-^V., n-ni!:nb /lumoo vi- 
 
 14: 27. instead of :)3-b.;, D"'-."'!:^. In .^"'"O 
 
 Rabbinic, this punctuation is more H'?. "i- vevbal from the same root, 
 
 frequent. Comp. ^^^\2 i'^ov. 4:21. dec. 1. freshness, activity, vigor. 
 Deriv. n2:)bn. " Deut. 34:7. 
 
 '^'^'^ to swallow, to sivaliorv down. Obad. DlHy or Gin^ m^ with suff. also 
 
 16. (Deriv. ^'"':: the throat. Syr. ^-^ ''/^nb, (like binn, pl'ir. a^^T^n.) 
 
 to lick. Comp. i'b^'.) 1 .' food. J ob 20: 23 ^121):^ 1L).''r 
 
 y^^ 1. prob. to speak in an unintelli' V^^nbs he causes it to rain upon them 
 
 gible {foreign) language, i. q. a^b. for their food, us i^ i.q. i?2'^'n]:b . 
 
 Comp. Hiph. ^ ' S.yZe^'/?, 60^/^. Zeph. 1:17. (Arab. 
 
 2. to mock, scoff, scorn, (strictly ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ \ 
 
 to stammer like any one, comp. *^sn3, plur. f*^vsL\\ flesh. ) 
 
 r^yb.) Part, vb a scoffer, scorner, ^_? ^ . , . . ... 
 
 PVov. 22: 10. "24 : 9. particularly !< ^- P''^"se -^n!:, with suff. rn?., 
 
 one ^^;/^o ridicules things sacred, dual D^^^b? const, "^.nb, dec. VI. 
 
 (comp. nr.) Ps. 1: 1. Prov. 9: 7,8. 1. a jaw-bone. Ju(lg.'l5: 1517. 
 
 13:1.14:6. 15:12. 19:25. Is. 29: Job 40: 26. Ps. 3: 8. 
 
 20. So the preterite 9: 12. 2. a cheek-To be smitten on the 
 
 Hiph. I. to interpret an unknown cheek is a sign of humiliation and 
 
 language. (Comp. Kal 'no. 1.) disgrace, Mic. 4 : 14. 1 K. 22: 24. 
 
 Hence Part. yb^. interpreter, Lam. 3: 30. 
 
 Gen. 42: 23. a mediator, messentrer 3. proper name of a country on 
 
 generally, 2 Chr. 32:31. Is. 43: 27. the borders of Philistia. .Judg. 15: 
 
 Job 33: 23 Y^bi2 ^i>^b^ a mediating 9. '4, 19. more full ^nb nTD"! verso 
 
 a7igel,i.e. prob. one's protecting 17. The etymology of the name 
 
 angel in heaven. is given Judg. lo: 17. 
 
 2. i.q. Kal no. 2. to mock, deride. 'Tjpb to lick. (In Syr.and Arab. idem. 
 
 Construed with an accus Ps.119: jj^j^ed with ppb.) In Kal only 
 
 51. Prov. 14:9. with u dat. Prov. Num. 22: 4. 
 
 ^' f}^, . ., , , Pi. nnb 1. to lick.-nti^J ^nb to lick 
 
 Hithpal. V2":bnn to show one^s , , ' ". ^ ,, ^' ',"* ,^ . 
 
 f ' " ' : ; ,^ ^^ <//e /67, 1. e. to throw one's self m 
 
 self arrogant or wicked. Is. 28: 22. ^^^^ j^^. p^^ ^2: 9. xMic. 7: 17. Is- 
 
 ., I>env. ]iU^, rT2J^!:^. 49^23. 
 
 t3'^'5 to knead. Gen. 18:6. 1 Sam.28: 2. to lick up, to eat off, carperc 
 
 24. Num. 22: 4. 
 
 ni^ Chald. strictly connexion; hence ^TO , fut. Ql^bt- 
 
1. to eat^ consume. Prov. 4: 17. a meal, see ':*5N no. 1. (I.) Per* 
 Construed with 2, Pror. 9 : 5. Ps. haps particularly wheat^ Is. 28: 28. 
 
 141: 4. Deut. 32: 24 V]t-^ ^72t}X ^flh ChM food, a mcaljeasu Dan. 
 consumed by disease. : -^ ' 
 
 2. to war, fight. (Corap. bDJ< no. ^'' } ' 
 
 2. and such passages as Num. H: 9 ^5^^.'^- ^' ^^^**^' ^* concubine. Dan.5:2, 
 Dn 'irTpn^ '3 /or they are our food, 3, 23. 
 
 i. e. we will eat them as food ; and yn^ , fut. VnV% ro ;?res.s s^r^cpzc. 
 the Homer c phrase, noXtuoio ui- ' t.^"' _,,^ i.~'-oT^ r> qo p^r.*;^., 
 ya iro>, Il.^xH.8.)Coostred with ?^""^- ^^ = 2d. 2 K. H: 32. Partjcu- 
 >1M, Psf 35: 1. with b, 56: 2, 3. ^'^>^ ^'^ oppm. n vveaker or nbu- 
 
 '. , , . . , ., tarv people, Ex. 23: 9. Jud^. 1: 34. 
 
 ISiph. Dnb^a, inhn. pleon. Dn73, j^jpj^^ ^j ;)rm one's 5^(/-. Num.22: 
 
 i.q. Kal no. 2. ro fi>ght, contend. 1 25, 
 
 , ^, ^"'- . , 1 117 m. verbal from Vrt-* dec. V i.e. 
 
 together. The person n^r^in^i whom 1 --^ oppression of a people. Ex.3:9. 
 
 ?"\ ^S^^o' /' P"^ '" the acciis. 2. oMiction, distress jrenerally. 
 
 Josh. 10 : 25. or is preceded by 2, j^^^ ggf ,5 j ^ 22 : 27 ynb dnb 
 
 f.^* h V^; ^/ ^f 10 ^-Jin \^' vl:'^ rnb UVZ.bread and neater of'affUc- 
 
 15. by biS, Jer.l:19. 15:20. by b? , /-,;; j ^ ,,,^h as are enjoyed in 
 
 Neh. 4: 8. The person for whom, (jj^es of affliction. 
 
 is preceded by b, Ex. 14: 14,25. ,^;^1^ . ^^ , , 
 
 T^ . i on u' \ T J n\^ iJn" m Kal not used. 
 
 Deut. 1:30. or by ^3?, Judff. 9: 17. " T.. - 
 
 ^ - , ... , . P>. 1. strictly <o r2,'/mer, mimi/a- 
 
 -Toy^g/i^ against^ city <o W^e . ^^ Hilhpa.) In Syr. andTal- 
 
 ti, IS construed with 2, Jadg. 9:45. ^wxi idem. 
 
 and with b^, Jer. 34: 22. 37: 8. 2. to conjure, from the wm</crtng 
 
 Deriv. out of course CS^inb , oi>er of magic spells. Ps. 58: 6. 
 
 rr ?3r::?3. Hithpa. fo whisper. 2 Sam. 12:19. 
 
 iDH^ m. a verbal from the Piel of ^^C 
 
 Dnb, war, a besieging. Judg. 5 : 8 ^'-^- "^- ^'^^^^^ ^^^ ^t!^.' ^^^'^I- ^' 
 tl-^^ydi DHb a femeo-ino- of the gates, , ^- ^^hispering, sighing, or ca/?- 
 *\u 'u ?n . fn^/or/ie^p. Is. 26: 16. 
 
 I.e. they besieged the gates. %/ ^ ,: 1. o .5 
 
 ".*''='=' 2. magic, conjuration. Is. 3: 3. 
 
 cn^p com. gen. verbal from DHb, dec. Particularly the charming of ser- 
 
 VI. a. "^ pen^ Jer. 8: 17. Ecc. 10: 11. 
 
 1. food. DTlbN Dnb the food of 3. a charm, amulet. Plur. D'^UJnb 
 God, i. e. the offerings. Lev. 21: 8, Is. 3. 20. (Corap. in Arab. (j3a to 
 
 17. Jer. 11 : 19 ittnb2 V^? ^^c tree ,. . j . / .-^ , 
 
 -:' , practise magic, and io fortify one^s 
 
 with Us food, 1. e. fruit, nnsin on?, self by amulets against magic.)These 
 
 the food of the governor, \. e. the n\' amulets were female ornaments, 
 
 lowance for his table, Neh. 5:18. prob. engraved precious stones or 
 
 comp. verse 15. the like, which the orientals 
 
 ^ ^ f make use of for amulets. Schroler 
 
 2. bread. (Arab. ^^1) specially and others : small serpents, worn 
 yZt;*/i.) a'':sJl Dnb the shew-bread, ^^^ ornaments ; but without equal 
 Ex.25:307"lf numerals immedi- ^ .^^^'"^^^S^^^^^ ^"PP^^'^' 
 
 ately precede, then nin^3 is to be ^37 verbal adj. from tj^b, dec. I. con- 
 supplied, 1 Sam. 10: 4 &nb~''r]"^ t^^o cealed, private. Hence ob? as an 
 {loaves) of bread ; comp. verse 3. adv. secretly, softly, Ruth 3: 7. 1 
 3^^. blTJt to eat breads i. e. to take Sam. 18: 22. 24: 5. Plur. ta^tDb- se- 
 
b-'b- 
 
 332 
 
 15^ 
 
 cret arts, mnrric arts^ Ex. 7:22. 8: 3, 
 
 14. Sep t3''t:nb 7: II. 
 
 ti^ m. Gen. .37: 25. 43: 11. common- 
 Jy^interprpled ladanum^ in Greek 
 Ifjdov^ h'ldavov^ in Lat. ledum,, la- 
 ddnum^ a iragrant g'um, which dis- 
 tils on the le-ives of (lie cistus ia- 
 danifera, or Croticus. The ancient 
 versions interpret variously. Sept. 
 Vulg. GTumrj Sjr. Chald. piata- 
 chio-nuis. Arab, cliesnuis. See Cel- 
 sii Hierob. T. I. p. 2Q0-iQ{i. Comp. 
 J. D. Michaelis Suppiem. p. 1424. 
 
 Hi^^lD^^ f. probal)ly a species of lizard. 
 Once Lev. 1 1 :30. Sept. xcdu^ojvtjg. 
 Vulg.stellio. Root either it::'r Chal.i. 
 i. q. 12^!: to conceal ; or the Arab. 
 
 m 
 
 Q'J? 
 
 and (_y^^ adhmsii terros. 
 
 I, fut. \i;l::.\ 
 
 1. to hatnitier^fo forge. Gen, 4:52. 
 
 2. to sharpen by hammering"; e.g. 
 a ploug-h^hare, 1 Sam. 13: 20. a 
 sword, Ps. 7: 13. Hence to shurpen 
 generally. Metaph. Job 16: 9 u:it3b'^ 
 "'b T^2''i; he sharpens his eyes upon me, 
 i. e. he casts upon me cutting or 
 penetrating looks. 
 
 Pu. pass. Ps. 52: 4. 
 
 *V/ for IT'Vp, nnd this a contraction 
 ^f rT'lb -^- n''lb crown, garland. 
 Plur. garlands, festoons, in architec- 
 ture, 1 K. 7:29, 30, 36. 
 
 P']b Is. IG : 3. const. )^\ Ex. 12 : 42. 
 Is. 15 : 1. 30 : 29. more commonly 
 nb'^b (with He paragogic,) plur. 
 nib'^b, m. nigh. Also hy night, Gen. 
 14: 15. Ex. 13: 22. So t\ib^\ Ps. 
 16: 7. flb^h'^ Otti"^ by day and hy 
 night, Ex. 13: 21. tlb^Vn this night, 
 Gen. 19:5, 34. Metaphorically 
 misfortune, adversity. Job 35 : 10. 
 Mic. 3: 6. Comp. ^tin. 
 
 Note. In Aramean the final Ji_. 
 is treated as if radical, and in the 
 emphatic state is changed into Yod. 
 Hence 
 
 ^"h^h m. Chald. idem. Dan. 2: 19. 
 V: 30. 7: 2, 7, 13, 
 
 n*^P'^7 f. Is. 34: 14. strictly nociurna^ 
 (I'rom b'^.b, with the adjective ter- 
 minatiori^_. , D*^-. ,) a nocturnal spec- 
 tre, an imaginary creature of Jew- 
 ish superstition. According to the 
 Rabbins, a spectre, in the form of a 
 beautifully adorned woman, which 
 lays wait by night for cliildren, and 
 kills them ; like to the Lamias. Stri- 
 ges, (Ovid. Fast. VI. 123.) and ".Zi/.i- 
 novoav of the Romans and Greeks. 
 See bocharti Hieroz. T. li. p. 831. 
 and Buxtorfii Lex. Chald. et TaU 
 mud. p. 1140. 
 
 'j'^"?. see "j*^^ no. I. 
 
 tu'^/ m. 1. a lion. Job 4:11. Prov. 
 
 30: 30. (Arab. ^>-t.3, Chald. IT^^ 
 idem.) 
 
 2. name of a place on the north- 
 ern boundary of Palestine, other- 
 wise called ]!. Judg. 18: 7, 29. 
 With Ji__ local. Is. 10: 30, where 
 others understand a diiferent place 
 near Jerusalem ; comp. 'jEkeaaa 1 
 Mac. 9: 5. Vulg. Laisa. 
 
 "^b, fut. '^2b^ 
 
 1. to take., catch] e. g. in a net, 
 Am. 3: 5. Ps. 35: 8. in a pit, Jer. 
 18:22. Metaphorically Job 5 : 1 3 
 he taketh the wise in their own craft- 
 iness. Prov. 5: 22. 
 
 2. to take prisoner, in war. Num. 
 
 21 : 32. Also to take away things, 
 
 1 Chr. 18:4. Judg. 7: 24 cnb ^izb^ 
 . . . " * * * ' 
 
 D"^^^!! DNt intercipite illis nquam. 
 
 3. to take or break into (a city.) 
 Josh. 8: 12. 
 
 4. to take out,io choose out ; spok- 
 en of Jehovah who selects any one 
 by the lot. Comp. fnij no. 7. Josh. 
 7:14 ^irr^ '^s'T'.sb'] ^^n C2n-^^ri the 
 
 tribe which Jehovah shall choose, i. e. 
 determine by lot. Verse 17. 
 
 T^^iph. pass, of Kal no. 1. Ps. 9: 
 16. no. 2. Jer. 51: 56. no. 3. 1 K. 
 16: 18. no. 4. 1 Sam. 10:20, 21. 
 
 Hithpa. to hold or hang together. 
 Job 41:9 [41:17] ^ISbn"; they (the 
 scales of the crocodile) hold to^ 
 aether. 38: 30 ^nsbn*' Dinn r:B the 
 
-th 
 
 333 
 
 5y> 
 
 surfaces of the deep hold together, that 
 is, through the frost. Comp. tHN 
 no. 4. 
 
 Deriv. out of course n'lb^^. 
 
 JJ^ m. verbal from 'ir^b, a beinff 
 
 ?A;ew. Prov. 3: 26. 
 n^^ 1. strictly the imper. of ^^; , 
 go (hail. Num. 10: 29. 
 
 2. as an interj. of exhortation, 
 /?, come ow. Gen. 31: 44. The ver- 
 bal signification is entirely lost, for 
 it is addressed to women as well as 
 men, Gen. 19 : 32. 
 
 *I3 r^ proper name of a city in the 
 plain of the tribe of Judah, ancient- 
 ly the residence of a Canaanitish 
 king. Josh. 10: 3. 12: 11. 15: 39. 
 Neh. 11:30. Jer. 34: 7. Mic. 1: 13. 
 Called by Josephus Aay/iq (Ant. 
 vin. 3.) and Aui^Ksa (Ant. ix. 10.) 
 
 P^ see p . 
 
 ri>{77, const. niNb!:, fem. plur. loops, 
 for the taches or hooks (a^i^np,) 
 by which the curtains of the taber- 
 nacle of the congregation were fas- 
 tened together. Ex. 26:4 ff. 36: 11 
 ff. Root b^b prob. to m-ind, hence 
 D'^b^b veinding-stairs. The form is 
 like that of D\\nTi, and the singu- 
 lar was perhaps "^b^lb- 
 
 ^)Xh, fut. ntb^ . 
 
 1, to accustom one''s self to any 
 thing, construed with bwN!, Jer. 10:2. 
 
 2. to learn, (comp. PlbiJ ;) con- 
 strued (1.) with an infin. with and 
 without ^, Is. 1:17. Deut. 14 : 23. 
 17: 19. 18: 9. (2.) with an accus. 
 Deut. 5:1. Is. 26: 10. Part. pass. 
 1 Chr. 5: 18 n^nb "^l^^^b skilful 
 m war. (The participle has here 
 the signification of Pual.) 
 
 Pi. n?2b to teach. 2 Chr. 1 7;7. Con- 
 strued (1.) with an accus. of the 
 person, Ps. 71: 17. Cant. 8:2. (2.) 
 with a double accus. of the person 
 and of the thing, Deut. 4: 1. Ps. 25: 
 4. Jer. 2: 33. Ecc. 12; 9. (3.) more 
 rarely with an accus. of the person 
 and a dative of the thing, Ps. 18: 
 
 35. 144: 1. Also with an accus. and 
 infin. Ps. 143: 10. (4.) with a da- 
 tive of the person, Job 21: 22. 
 
 Pu. 1. to be accustomed, inured. 
 Hos. 10: 11. 
 
 2. to be taught, to be skilful. Cant. 
 3: 8. See "iv^b, V?3bn , ijzb'q . 
 
 1^12? and ln52^, see T'i'O. 
 
 T T n- T 
 
 1^-^, poetically for \. Job 27: 14. 29: 
 21. So ?1723 for 5, 1732 for 2. 
 
 '1^^*P and ^^^< verbal adj. from the 
 Piel of 1J2b', dec. I. 
 
 1. accudomed, practised. Jer. 2: 
 24. 13: 23. Is. 50: 4 t=l-'n^73b ]r>Db 
 the tongue of the practised, i. e. the 
 practised tongue. 
 
 2. a scholar, disciple, follower. 
 n'm'] "'l^/sb the disciples of Jehovah, 
 i. e. those to whom Jehovah com- 
 municates his revelations, Is. 8: 16. 
 51: 13. 
 
 l?^-^. on account of, because. See "j?/^. 
 
 ?? m. verbal from i-'tib, dec. I. throat, 
 svoallow. Once Prov. 23: 2. (Chald. 
 a^vS^ idem.) 
 
 -*?P found only in Hiph. to mock, de- 
 ride, construed with 2. 2 Chr. 36: 
 16. (Chald. ii^bn.N, Arab. conj. 1. 
 II. IV. idem.) "' * 
 
 '^yp 1. to speak unintelligibly, espe- 
 cially to speak in a foreign language. 
 (Syr. .^^^J^ to stammer. Comp. 
 t^'b to speak in a foreign tongue, and 
 
 ^is.>^ to stammer. By transposition 
 
 5 c 
 5^.^,C^T.XC speaking in a foreign 
 
 tongue.) See Niph. 
 
 2. to laugh at, deride, mock ; (liter. 
 to imitate the stammering of another.) 
 Prov. 1: 26. Construed with a da- 
 tive of the person, Prov. 17:5. l*s. 
 2 : 4 V2'b ^^Jb'^ T^T:^ Jehovah will 
 laugh at them. 59 : 0. Job 22 : 19. 
 With a pleonastic dative of person- 
 al advantage, Ps. 80: 7. 
 
 Niph. to speak in a foreign or bar- 
 barous tongue. Is. 33: 19. 
 
ns^ 
 
 334 
 
 npV 
 
 Hiph. to deride^ mock. Job 21:3. 
 Construed with b, also with a, 2 
 Chr.30: 10. and w'lth H', Neh. 2:19. 
 
 ^?P m. verbal from :;>r, dec. VI. c. 
 
 1. scorn., derision^ I't*. 79:4. Ezek. 
 23: 32. 36: 4. cause of derision^ Hos. 
 7:16. 
 
 2. a ii.-i.cked^ blasphemous speech. 
 (Comp. yn>.) Job. 34: 7. 
 
 55?P verbal adj. fronn ^i;b, dec. V. b. 
 ^ 1. speaking in a foreign or 6ar- 
 harom tongue. Is. 28: 11. 
 
 2. ascorner. Ps. 35: 16 5iy?2 "t;!:^'? 
 literally cake-scorners., table wiis.^ 
 parasites.^ ipO)f.WA6}M'/.6g, x^<JOOxo- 
 AJt6?. See ^'vJJ^ . 
 
 15^^ Arab. V.*3 and ^5tJ f s/jetrfc any 
 thing" rashly or inconsiderately. Job 
 6: 3 ti5"b "^-(iT P'ry therefore my 
 words were rash or inconsiderate. 
 Connp. ^-^^ . 
 
 T?/ io 5pefi^ nninieUigibly or in a/or- 
 2^'-M language. Vs. 114: 1. (Syr. 
 |.ii.~i barbare., ])ecu\.JEgypiiace locu- 
 tus est.') 
 
 u55?P ^0 caf, particularly rvith greedi- 
 ness or daintiness. Found only in 
 Hipb. Gen. 25 : 30 ^^: 'ztp-^rbrr let 
 me cat, I pray thee. 
 
 tl^Vi {. worm-s-ood. Jcr.9:14. 23: 15. 
 Lam. 3:15, 19. Prov. 5: 4. Like 
 bitter herhs jrencrally, (see '^'^12 
 and its derivatives, also tt/jcoo? iiithe 
 N. T.) the Hebrews pro!)alily used 
 it to denote poison] coinp. Deut. 
 29: 17. Rev. 8: 10, 11. 
 
 I^^h m. doc. I. (Syr. Tj.I-i^^..) 
 
 1. a torch. Judg. 7: 10. Job 12: 
 
 5 THS l^sb lampas despecta., ohjecla^ 
 i. e. someFhing entirely worthless 
 or useless. 
 
 2. aflame. Gen. 15:17. Dan. 10: 
 
 6 his eyes -were asjiames of fire. 
 
 n^T*, Arab. O^-^-^, io bead. bozv. Judg. 
 
 is': 29. 
 
 Niph. 1. to bend one's self. Ruth 
 3:8. 
 
 2. to turn (on one's way.) Job 
 6 : 18. 
 
 "jl^iSP m. verbal from yqV, scorn^ de- 
 rision^ contempt of every thing great 
 and good. Prov. 1 : 22. Hence 
 pxb '^^ZwS i. q. tI3'>^b, Is, 28 : 14. 
 P^rov. 29: 8. 
 
 Y*^/ i. q. y^b to mock^ scorn. Part. 
 V:ib Hos. 7: 5. 
 
 rifix? fut. nj'i';, imper. rij^, more rare- 
 ly nj^b, iniin. absol. nipb, const. 
 
 I. fo take. Often pleonastically, 
 as Gen. 12: 5 and Abram took Suraif 
 and they ^vent out into the land of 
 Canaan. Deut.4:20. 15:17. Jer.23:31 
 DN3 ^'72i<2^l S;rdb D'^npbn that take 
 or use their tongues and speak oracles. 
 So 2Sam.l8: 18. Soraetinies ^b sibi 
 ig annexed pleonastically, Lev. 15: 
 14,29. Job 2: 8. ri'^.S^ 'rtj^b to take 
 a Mu/e, Gen. 4: 19. 6:''2' 1 Sam. 25: 
 43. Also spoken of the father, 
 irnb ir^^N nj:b he took a wife for 
 his son., Ex. 21 : 10. also elliptically, 
 
 Ex. 34: 16 ^"^iib rri:273 nnjpbj 
 
 and thou shalt (not) take of his daugh- 
 ters {wives) for thy sons. Comp. 
 
 ''i. to seize or lay hold of. Ezek. 8: 
 3. Ps. 18:17. 
 
 3. to take away., spoken e. g*. of 
 an enemy. Gen. 4: 12. 27: 35 nji.*! 
 't^nri'nz he has taken away thy bless- 
 ing^, ks. 31: 14 "^tlD: nr|7b to take 
 aztay my life. Jer. 15: 15 b? 
 "^rrpp take me not away. In a some- 
 what different sense, Gen. 5: 24 n,vb 
 trs'^ribJ? ini? God took him away. 2 
 K. 2!3r5. (Comp. Od. r)\ 561.) 
 
 4. to take., capture., occupare^ the 
 cities or possessions of an enemy. 
 Num. 21: 25. Spoken metaphori- 
 callv of captivating persons or 
 things, Prov. 6:25. 11: 30. 
 
 5. 10 receive, obtain., acquire.l^um. 
 23:20. 
 
 6. to admit, take vp^ receive ; e.g. 
 counsel, Prov. 2: 1. prayer, Ps. 6: 
 
opV 
 
 335 
 
 IfflV 
 
 10. Also io take a person under 
 one^s protection^ Ps. 49: 16. 73:24. 
 
 8. to fetch ^ to cause to be brought. 
 Gen. 20: 2 'n'T^^Dii, njv'^l he caus- 
 ed Sarah to be brought. 27:13,0)2*' ^b 
 "^h go and fetch to me. Verse 45. 
 42: 16. 
 
 9. to lead, bring. Gen. 48:9. Job 
 38:20. Frov. 24: 11. Gen. 18:5, 7. 
 8. Particularly to bring for an of- 
 fering. Gen. 15: 10. Ex. 25: 2. 35:5. 
 
 Niph. njib^ 1. pass, of Kal no. 
 3. 1 Sam.4:il ff. 2 K. 2:9. 
 
 2. pass, of Kal no. 6. Est. 2:8,16. 
 But the passive sig-nifications are 
 L.ore frequentl}' denoted by the 
 
 fret. Pu. n-p)> and fut. Hoph. 
 
 1. to be taken. Gen. 3: 23. 
 
 2. to be taken away. Judg.ll: 2. 
 
 3. io 6e6roM^/i^ Gen.l2:15. 18:4. 
 Hithpa. Part. nri?bnX5 U;i$ Ex. 
 
 9:24. Ezek 1:4. a continuous fire., 
 i. e. a mass of lire. See the sy- 
 non. ^3bnn. 
 
 Denv. out of course nj?^, 
 
 nj^? m. verbal from npb, dec. VI. i. 
 
 1. doctrine. Prov. 4: 2. Deut. 32: 
 2. (In Syr. ^::^Li to receive for to 
 
 learn. In Hebrew, comp. tipb Prov. 
 2:1.) 
 
 2. speech generally. Job 11:4. 
 
 3. knowledge. Prov. 1: 5. 9:9. Is. 
 29: 24. 
 
 4. fair speech^ flattery., by which 
 one captivates another. Prov. 7: 21. 
 Comp. the verb no. 4. 
 
 j'P'P in Kal and Pi. to collect., gather., 
 especially from the ground, as ears, 
 Ruth 2: 3, 7, 15. manna, Ex. \6: 4, 
 18. stones. Gen. 31:46. flowers,Cant. 
 6: 2. Also in Gen. 47: 14. 
 
 Pu. Is. 27 : 12. and Hithpa. 
 Judg. 11: 3. to assemble., come tO' 
 gether., as men. (Arab, and Aram. 
 idem.) 
 
 Deriv. out of course Cnpb''. 
 
 SJpr' m, verbal from apb, the trleanincr 
 of fields and vineyards. Lev, 19: 9. 
 23: 22. 
 
 pjP^, fut. pV^i formed by an onoma- 
 topoaia, to lick., spoken only of dogs. 
 1 K. 21:19. 2t: 30. Also to lap, as 
 a dog when drinking, Judg. 7:5. 
 Pi. idem. Judg. 7: 6, 7. 
 
 ^[5.^ in Syr. Pa. to be late, spoken of- 
 fruit. Hence U:ipb^ the latter rain. 
 In Hebrew to glean, to gather the last 
 fruits. Job 24:6. (In some MSS. Dpb, 
 a correct gloss.) 
 
 *v^jP/P m. verbal from Uip^b, later grassy 
 
 aftermath. Am. 7: 1. 
 "iph m. dec. Vin. h. 
 
 1. sap, life-blood, vital porver, 
 vigor. Ps. 32: 4 "i-^'- ^Sv5D 7ny mois- 
 ture is changed, i. e. dried up, 
 
 (Arab. <^\m\J suxit, whence succus.) 
 
 2. Num. 11.8 ]73 ii?i 1th an oil 
 cake. Sept. lyK^jlg i'^ IXuiov. Vulg. 
 panis oleatus. 
 
 ']Vl3'P com. gen. (more frequently 
 fem.) dec. III. a. 
 
 1. tt tongue. Ps. 10: 7. b2?2 
 "jr*:Vn a conjurer^ exorcist, Ecc. 10: 
 11. Especially a wicked, slander our 
 tongue, Ps. 140: 12 'p-:;b f'i^^aman 
 of an evil tongue, a slanderer. Job 5: 
 21. Jer. 18: 18. Prov. 10: 31 ^^-db 
 miDSlrin the perverted or false 
 tongue. 11 : 20. (In Chald. this is 
 called lingua tertia ; comp. Sir. 28: 
 15. Used by a metonymy for (1.) 
 speech, prayer. Job 15 : 5 TiU^b 
 tlj"^,m?. crafty speech. Prov.l6: l! 
 (2.) language. Dan. 1:4. Gen. 10:5 
 i:i::bb '2;"'i^ each after his language, 
 20:3 1 . Hence (3.) a people^ speaking 
 one language. Is.66: 18 i:D";T.nri-b3 
 n'T-'L'blTiT all nations and languages. 
 (See the Chald. y^!:.) 
 
 2. applied also to things without 
 life, as (1.) nm ]rJ:;b a bar of gold. 
 Josh. 7 : 21, 24. Vulg. regula au- 
 tea. (2.) '2jfi^^ ']iT;b a Jlame of fire. 
 Is. 5: 24, comp. Acts 2: 3. (3.) ]r:;b 
 tZD^rj a tongue of the sea, i. e. a bay 
 orgul^i Josh. 15: 5. 18: 19. Is. 11: 
 15. and simply |rijb Josh. 15: 2. S 
 
53 
 
 336 
 
 'i^l2 
 
 . we 6ay a tongue of land. (So also in 
 the Arabian geographers.) 
 
 uDa^ f. dec. XII. b. a chamber, cell, 
 particularly in the temple. 1 Chr. 
 9: 26. Ezek. 40: 17, 45. 42: 1 ff. 
 Neh. 10: 38 ff. Also a dining-room, 
 1 Sam. 9: 22. an office or chamber 
 for business, in the royal palace, Jer. 
 36: 12. Synonymous with nSli;:. 
 The etymology is unknown. 
 
 plp7 m. 1. a precious stone, men- 
 tioned only Ex. 28:19. 39:12. Sept. 
 hyvQtov, Vutg. ligurivs, an opal. 
 
 2. Josh. 19: 47. a city^ otherwise 
 called uj^b and 'j'l. 
 
 ]ip /^ Po. denom.from '^r^'^ , to slander. 
 Ps. 1 1 :5 Kethib ''S -pii^:J, in the Keri 
 '^2':!)}:J2^acalufnniator,slanderer.{ATixh, 
 
 I^AuJ to calumniate.) 
 
 Hiph. idem. Prov- 30: 10. 
 "juDP Chald. a tongue. Always in the 
 phrase i^:"tib (S;75N K^72y peoples, 
 nations, and tongues, i. e. nations of 
 different languages, Dan. 3: 4, 7, 
 31. 5: 19. 6:26. 7: 15. 
 
 ^??. ^ proper name found only Gen. 
 10: 19. according to Jerome, (in 
 Quaest.) Callirhoe^ a place on the 
 east of the Dead sea. 
 
 )*?.?. ^- found only Hos. 3: 2. name 
 of a certain measure; according to 
 the Jewish interpreters and the 
 Vulg corns dimidius, a halfh^^ner ; 
 which is rendered probable 'by its^ 
 connexion with ^I2r\. 
 
 Mem is the 13th letter of the 
 Hebrew alphabet, and as a numer- 
 ical sign denotes 40. The significa- 
 tion of the name is doubtful. The 
 Greek name ^w leads to the con- 
 jecture that tj^. was not the orig- 
 inal designation. 
 
 This letter is commuted (1.) 
 most frequently with the other la- 
 bials, especially n and p]. See i. 
 (2.) Also with -i ; e. g. t3N Syr. 
 -1 5CJ, 
 
 ^f if; IJlls Arab. *^ the thumb ; 
 LU'':t33 pistachio-nuts, comp. Syr. 
 
 l-i^a^vO pistazia terebinthus, Linn. 
 
 |uJT Arab. *^0 to be fat; 
 lia^ili^n, comp. the Samar. and 
 Arab. tDl^in unripe grapes ; tZ3C2\I3 
 and IDto to be hostile. (3.) rarely 
 with >." See the letter i. 
 
 52 i. q. n?:. See t]l2 Note. 
 
 /3 out of, from, SejB the full form "j^^. 
 
 ^l1 Chald. i. q. !n73 what^ something, 
 ^T i that which. Ezra 6: 8. 
 
 DlDfi^'Q m. Terbal from cni< no. 1. 
 -. _ ^ 
 
 dec. J. a barn, granary. Jer.50: 26. 
 
 Sept. ct7io{f^i]H7j. 
 
 "IJ^^^ 1. subst. dec. I. strength, force, 
 vehementia. Deut. 6 : 5 ^nj^^-^^^S 
 with all thy strength. 2 K. 23 : 25. 
 
 (Root TlN^ or nw = Arab. Oil 
 
 (med. \e) to be firm, strong; 0\ 
 strength, force.) 
 
 2. usually an adv. exceedingly, 
 very, especially, vehementer. Also 
 doubled. Gen. 7: 19, Num. 14: 7. 
 
 Ps. 46: 2 ^k<J2 N2J73D nH^:^ n-jt5? a 
 
 help in trouble has he been especially 
 found, i. e. a powerful help has 
 he been found; comp. 31:12. 1 
 Sam. 20: 19 nji^ 'T^n descende ve- 
 hementer for descende festinus, Vulg. 
 
1i^^ 337 ]M 
 
 The combinations with preposi- dlestick^ in the tabernacle, Num. 
 
 tions point to the original meaning" 4:9,16. 
 
 of the noun ; as (1.) ^j^T: 'li^^s ex- 2. a candlestick. Ex. 25: 6. 
 
 ceedingly^ vehementissime., liter, cum 3- Q?r? ^ifi<^ ^/' shining of the 
 
 vehementia^ vehementia. Gen. 17: 2, ci/es, i. e. a serene or friendly coun- 
 
 6,20. Ezek.9:9. (2) 1i?72i:-15 tenancc. Prov. 15: 30. 
 
 idem, 2Chr. 16: 14. (3.) ^i^'^-iy nn'^vVtl'f. dec. X. a hole, cavern. Is. 
 
 ic^em. Gen. 27 : 33. 1 K. 1: 4. Dan. H: 8.** (It is i.q. ii^l^'tt a carern, by 
 
 8: 8. The latter expression is , ,. ^ ' , ^ ^ 
 
 . , , r ^vi.. .-., a commutation of i< and J\) 
 
 sometimes equivalent to Q^i:? ^^ w 'h- 
 
 forever, Ps. 119 : 43. Is. 64: 8. (So i3'^2T^*U dual, dec.l. a balance, scales, 
 
 invertedly rt:2Db in ceternum some- liter, two scales, (It stands for 
 
 times denotes vehementer, prorsus.) l3'?5Ti73 from 'jT'^' = Arab. yA* to 
 
 tl^l2^ f. const. T\^J2, dec. XI. b. weigh.) Lev. 19: 36. Job 31:6. 
 
 1. a hundred. The Hebrews ''^3'^;^ Chald. idem. Dan. 5: 27. 
 say indiscriminately ^r^j 1'\^12 Gen. '^'^^ ' 
 
 17: 17. and nri: nN72VGenV25: 7. -^t^^^- "^- verbal from bSfiJ, dec.II. b. 
 a hundred years. Both forms also M^' ^^"- ^^ 9- V^N?3 ^5 a /ruit- 
 signify a hundred times, Prov. 17: tree. Lev. 19:23. ^SNig "^^^"2. sheep in- 
 10. Ecc. 8: 12. Dual Q';^^*;Q (with tended for food, Ps. 44: 12. 
 
 Syriac punctuation for t=i:ni<J2) nVlDlSf.lD m. verbal from !:^^ , idem, 
 two hundred Gen.l 1:23. Plur njj?^. \,^ 9* 4 ^^ nVb^t^^/ood for fire, fu^ 
 hundreds, dho simply a hundred, 2 * *' ""' '' -^ '-^ 
 
 Chr. 25:9 Kethib. Also mWT: (read ^' ^^^^ ^'^ 
 
 ni-'i^^) in the Kethib of 2 K. 1 1: 4, ^7lD.^!!.t] f.plur. niV^^;^, verbal from 
 9, 10, 15. Comp. the Arab. IsJSuc. S^N, dec. XIII. 1. an instrument for 
 
 2. prob. interest, usury, the rate eating, a knife. Gen. 22.Q^ 10. 3 udg. 
 
 per cent. Neh. 5: 11. Vulg. centes- 19: 29. Prov. 30: 14. 
 
 ima. It is uncertain whether the tn*)'iji''n,\>>'n 1 1 1 / 
 
 i. J. 1 1 t ^1 t^ \js/JCv/j masc. plur. verbal from 
 
 rate per cent was reckoned by the : - ^ vciuai uvin 
 
 month or by the year. V^^^ ^^c. VUl. forces, joined with 
 
 3. proper name of a tower in Je- tib. Job. 36: 19. comp. nb V^7afi< 
 rusalem. Neh. 3:1. 12:39. Job 9: 4. Is 40: 26. 
 
 n^J^, Chald. idem. Dual -j^ni^^ Ez- 'l'Qi<:^ m. verbal from ^Jsii, dec.II.b. 
 
 ra 6: 17. ^ -osord^ command', found only in 
 
 D'^^liS;^ masc.plur. verbal from JiJiJ , ^'^^^"^ Hebrew, Est. 1: 15. 2: 20. 9: 
 
 dec' Vlll. rfcstVe*. Ps. 140:9. ""32. 
 
 t:^^^^ the Aramean orthography for "^^-fj?- ^^^^^' ^'^"'- ^^"'^^ ^^^ t^'' 
 
 'a'^72 a spot^ blemish. Dan. 1: 4. Job '-' 
 
 31:7. The i^ stands in otio. 'j^^^ Chald. a vessel, i. q. Heb. 'IbS. 
 
 I /j mJi{Lj something. Always preced- Dan. o: 2, 3, 23. 
 
 ed by the negative ]^N , nothing. 1 ]^J^ in Kal not used. (Syr. ^io 
 
 K. 18: 43. Ecc. 5: 13. Jer. 39: 10. 'jnipers. twdet me.) 
 
 "li^i!!3 m. plur. &">_ and ni , verbal Pi. 1^^ to refuse, decline. 1 Sam. 
 
 from ^^j< dec III -i ^^ ' ^^" C!onstrued with an infin, 
 
 I. lightl Ps.'90:8. Spoken of ^vith and without ^, Ex.7:l 4. Num. 
 
 the sun and moon, Gen. 1: 14, 16. ^ ^'^' '^s. 77: 3. 
 
 Ps.74:16. *^i5<7i3tT-nnii?3 the can- "j^.^ verbal adj, from l^a, refusing, 
 '43 
 
nwXtD 338 ^M 
 
 Joined with the personal pronouns ^ 
 
 it forms a periphrasis of the finite the word from the ATah.jX^ recru- 
 
 verb, Ex. 7 : 27 r\m ^Nt;: t=li if ^'" vubius, 
 
 thou refusest. 9: 2. 10: 4. ^"J^.*^ m. verbal from i'n^^, dec. Il.b. 
 
 'ji^'D m. plur. u2'^2J<^ , verbal from 1. a lurkingplace, place of am- 
 
 'the Fiel of 1N?J, 'idem. Jer. 13: 10. &"*^- Josh. 8: 9. Ps. 10: 8. 
 T ^.^y^ ' ^ 2. a party in ambush. 2 Chr. 13: 
 
 I. DN^, fut. DN73":. 13. ^ ^ 
 
 1. .; rpec^. (Opposite of -^mjv ^^^^'^j f. ^,,bal from ^^.>., dec. X. 
 choose.) Is. 7:15, 16. 41:9. Job o4: -r : ~ ti* , 
 33. It is construed with an accus. (^^rse. Prov. 3: 33. 28: 27. Mai. 
 and with z, and is spoken most fre- ^- ^* 
 
 quently (l.) of God, who rejects DJ^tJ compounded of ]J2 or and 
 
 his people, Jer. 6: 30. 7:29. 14: ni^.. See "J/:. 
 
 19. or (2.) of men, who reject God ^^b-^H-^ .. , r t r- i.^. 
 
 , , . ^ ^ i . .-', . r- rii7 -Q^ fem. plur. verbal from 7^2, 
 
 and his couiRKindments, 1 .^am. 15: t.. "^-t' 
 
 23 2 K. 17: 15. separate places. Josh. 16: 9. 
 
 2. to despise, not to regard. Prov. ^^2)2 m. (perhaps fem. 2 K. 16: 18.) 
 15: 32. Job 19: 18. infin. DwSD p|,;. o^^ and ni , verbal from i^ia, 
 Lam. 3: 45, as a subst. conk/ny^i dec.lll.a.* an entrance. Judg.l:24, 25 
 
 Niph. pass. Ps. 15: 4. is. 54: 6. ^,^^ ^^-^^ ^^^ ^,^^^^^,^^^ ^^ ^j^^ ^-^^^ 
 
 II. Di^^ i. q. the kindred DOT: to Prov. 8: 3 D-^nnS J^iniQ a< the en- 
 melt away, to disappear. {^o in Cbald. trance of the gates, (like D"^ni''\p rti}^ 
 r|N?3 i. q. 1]D72 , and Ck\/3 i.q. 0072.) ^e/ore //?e ga^e*.)-u;T3lDr7 i^iTa the set- 
 
 Niph. Ps. 58: 8 Q-j^-iTao FONTS': awo- o/ r//e sun, the ^west., Deut. 11: 
 
 let them, melt arvay as water. Job 7: 30. Ps.50: 1. to the west, Josh. 1:4. 
 
 5 OJ<.72*T ^^^. ^'^iy my skin heals and Ezek. 27:3 Qi DlNhTJ the entran- 
 
 breaks out again, i.e. sanie diffluit. ces of the sea. 
 
 ^Vj^P-. '" verbal from r;5N, dec. IX. fljillt] f. verbal from r|^2, dec. X. 
 
 a. something baked. Lev. 2: 4. consternation, perplexity, is. 22: 5. 
 7DiS!/3 m. verbal from obsol. ^CiJ 
 
 darkness. Josh. 24:7. ^"^"2)2 m. verbal from bi^ no. 2. a 
 
 n^'^Siia f. verbal from obsol. iB.X, >';^' f?'"f'' /'";'"''"''"; yken 
 T : ; - - '' or Noah's flood, Gen. 6: 17. 7: 6, 7, 
 
 darkness, hence lateness, unseasona- 10,17. 9:11,28. 10:1.32. of the 
 
 bleness, backwardness (Comp. ^"'CiJ.) waters above, on which God is en- 
 
 Jer. 2:31 n^bSwNTD y^.w\ a iac/cWan/ throned, Ps. 29: 10. 
 
 land. Vulg. terra serotina. Comp. ^C'lD^D f. verbal from D!)2, a tread- 
 
 verse 6. (For the form of this noun, .'' ,* jr. r 
 
 >^, rM 1 1 .v*'L.^ \ '^ncr down or under Joot, e. g. oi a 
 
 comp. nb^>: Chald. .n;^- q. v.) eo,quered country. Il8:2,7. 22:5. 
 
 1^12 in Kal not used. y^2l2_ m. plur. C^_, verbal from 2>i3, 
 
 Hiph. ^^NT2tl perhaps i.q. ^""^.T:^, jec. I. a spring,' fountain. Is. 35: 7. 
 (comp. ON72 no. II.) fo ma/:e bitter, 49: 10. Ecc. 12: 6. 
 
 particularly ro cause 5et;ere pain. E- Hp^^^ f. emptiness, .Zeso/aiion. Once 
 
 zek. 28: 24 '^^iil272 p>D a painful, '^. , * , , \^ ^ ^_ ..^ , . 
 
 . .- > ^ . r J ^ Nab. 2: 11. Root p^z=pp2 to be 
 
 le.'d pnckimr, thorn.-r\-\i<J2'}2 ri'J'^'^ , -t 
 
 . /. , ,. V V : - - - -r emp^?/. 
 
 a painful or malignant Leprosy, Lev. _w.^-wy> 
 
 13:51,52. 14:44. Others derive i-^WI-ia plur. masc. verbal from 
 
5^ 
 
 339 
 
 Tj12 
 
 MilZi dec. III. c. the secret paris^ pu- 
 denda. Deut. 25:11. 
 
 in^'Q ra. verbal from -^na , dec. II. 
 
 h.'the choicest^ best. Is. 22: 7 ^nn73 
 
 ^"'II'^? ^% choicest valleys. 37: 24 
 
 I'lUiins 'ini^. f% choicest firs. Jer. 
 
 22": 7. ' 
 *^in^53 m. verbal from '^ns, ic?em. 2 
 
 K. 3: 19. 19:23. 
 tOS^ m. verbal from t:iD, dec. I. the 
 
 o6;6Cf to which one looks with hope or 
 
 expectation. Is. 20: 5, 6. 
 
 '^^T. '^' verbal from Ui:, dec. l.hope, 
 
 expectation. Zech. 9:5. 
 ^^iJHIy m. verbal from i<t32 , dec. I. 
 
 something rashly said. Joined with 
 
 d"n5'i;, Num. 30: 7, 9. 
 
 nt^in'D m. with suff. TlU^ia , plur. 
 C^nan^, verbal from riDs, dec. II. 
 a. and VIII. I. 
 
 1. confidence. Prov.22: 19. Hence 
 object of confidence, Ps. 40:15. 65: 
 6. 71:5. 
 
 2. safety, security. Job 18: 14. Is. 
 32:18. 
 
 JI'^^J'^Vd^ f. verbal from i^2, dec. I. 
 serenity, satisfaction, consolation. 
 Jer. 8:18. 
 
 13I312 m. verbal from Ji32, dec. IX. 
 a.' a building. Once Ezek. 40: 2. 
 
 "lISDu m. plur. &'_, (once ni Dan. 
 11:15.) verbal from "ir^a, dec. Il.b. 
 a fortified place, a fortress. Is. 17:3. 
 tn^ln^ "^^l^-, *T^:> a fenced city, fenced 
 cities, Num. 32:17,36. Josh. 10: 
 20. 19:35. Perhaps applied to for- 
 tified temples, Dan. 1 1: 39, 
 
 n^l^u m. verbal from n*ia , dec. II. 
 c. liter, flight ; hence, the abstract 
 being used for the concrete, a fugi- 
 tive. Ezek. 17: 21. 
 
 T\T?^yD^ plur.fem. strictly Piel part, 
 of '^i25z, places for boiling, fire pla- 
 ces. Ezek. 46: 23. 
 
 y^ m. a Magian, a Persian or Medi' 
 
 q y 
 
 an priest. (Pers. j^ a Magian, a 
 worshipper of fire , which is said to 
 be strictly i. q, meh or megh, de- 
 noting greats excellent.) Jer. 39 : 8 
 i7:-:in the chief Magian, who, as 
 Justin and Curtius state, was wont 
 to accompany the king in his wars. 
 
 VwSSt], see b^} under the word b^J^ 
 
 no. I. 
 ni^^53 plur. fem. Ex.28: 14. liter. 
 
 borderings, edges; see n^^HlS. 
 n^S^^'D f. dec. X. the cap or turban 
 
 of the common priests, different from 
 
 n:i;:i:;a the turban of the high-priest. 
 
 Ex.V8: 40. 29: 9. 39: 28. Comp. 
 
 Josephi Antiq. iii. 7. 7. [other- 
 
 wise cap. 8. 2.] (In Syr. i::*oa) 
 a hat, cap ; Ethiop. y^p a turban ; 
 compare the letter 5 , p. 107.) 
 
 "l^^ m. dec. VI. a. costly or precious 
 gifts, (particulnrly of nature. )Deut. 
 33: 13n";75-J *i;73 the precious gifts 
 of heaven. Verses 14, 15, 16. Spok- 
 en particularly of fruits, Cant. 
 4: 13 d^^:i^ "^"ID precious fruits. So 
 verse 16. 7: 14 "a'^^:i72-^S all kinds 
 of precious fruits. Vulg. constantly 
 
 poma. (Syr. f y.^*^^ /ruciMs aridus.) 
 The deriv. riT:'^^;^ presents the 
 same idea, but in a different rela- 
 tion. 
 
 '^yO^ .Judg. 1:27. 1 K.4:12. 9: 15. 
 
 2K.9:27. and 'I'T^^'^, Zech.l2:ll. 
 name of a fenced city' belonging to 
 the tribe of Manasseh, but within 
 the limits of the tribe of Issachar, 
 anciently the seat of a Canaanitish 
 king. Sept. Maytddo) ; Vulg. Ma- 
 geddo-.hl!}>m pTSi? the plain or valley 
 about Megi'ddo, 2 Chr. 35: 22. ''^ 
 i'^:jX3 the waters of Megiddo, i. e. 
 prob. the brook Kishon ; comp. 
 verse 21. 4: 13. 
 
 ^1 M^'Q and b'^^y^^ a city in Egypt, 
 not far from the Red sea. Ex.14: 2. 
 
']^12 
 
 Num. 33: 7. Jer. 44: 1. 46: 14 
 zek. 29: 10. 30: 6. 
 
 340 ptS 
 
 1. jn'T^^a f. verbal from "itia no. I. 
 
 n:\72, dec. X. 
 
 XI. b. an axe for felling wood. 2 
 Sam. 12: 31. 
 
 a storehouse. Hag. 2: 19. 
 
 -, plur. D^- and ni , verbal from TT ta--.^^H^ ^ 
 i , 11. n'J>u fern, of ^ 
 
 ^n.>\, dec. II. b. - : 
 
 'i; a tower. Gen. 11:4, 5. Partic- /er. Ps. 34: 5. comp. Prov. 10: 24. 
 ularly a tower for defence, Judg. 8: tl1sjl2_ {. verbal from 'nt*\ no. 2. dec. 
 9. 9:46ff. 2Cbr. 14:6. a watch- 
 tower^ in a vineyard, Is. 5: 2. or by 
 a herd, Gen. 35: 21. Mic. 4: 8. 
 
 2. a high scaffold^ a stage or pul- r^R. m. a szcA;/e. Jer.50:lG. Joel 4:13. 
 pit. Neh. 8: 4. comp. 9:4. ] ^^ ^ , v",*^ o -i^^ 
 
 3. an espalier. Cant. 5: 13. (Par- [3:13.](Arab. J=:lA^, Syr. 1],^ 
 
 all. ins^l'^e'.) irfgm. But the root is uncertain.) 
 
 n^TM plur. fern, denom. from ^^.7?., ;nV^^^ f. verbal from V^a, dec. X. a 
 costly or precious ^/lin^r^. Gen. 24:53. ro'u^' book, volumen. Jer. 36 : 14 ff. 
 32: 23. Ezra 1:6. This signihca- j^^^,^ g . g p^^ 40 . g ^tiO'nt^J2 
 
 tion is evident from 2Chr. 21:3. , 71 r^? l ; *u '"i i"*^*- 
 
 f/ie ro// 0/ the book, 1. e, the book 01 
 
 5i;\53 Gen. 10: 2. Ezek. 30:2. 39: 6. the law. 
 
 proper name of a northern peo- ^\-^)2 f. Chald. idem. Ezra. 6 : 2. 
 pie, obscurely known to the He- ^ ' : 
 
 brews, which the Arabian and oth- 1/33/3 f. dec. X. found only Hab. 1 : 
 er eastern writers speak of under 9 j^L;^,^ ^^^^j^ desideriuin vultus ip- 
 
 the names Yagug and Magug' They 
 place tills people in the unknown 
 northeastern parts of Asia, and have 
 many fabulous traditions concern- 
 ing them. The king of this peo- 
 ple is ^i^, q. v. See Cor. Sur xviii. 
 i>4 99. XXI. 96. Assemani Biblioth. 
 
 sorum. (The word is used to de- 
 note desideriam^ anhelitus, by Kim- 
 chi on Ps. 27: 8. Comp. Dtt5 Arab. 
 
 *!^ appetcbat, prope fuit, instititque 
 res.) The following word 11l2'^"]J> 
 may be rendered forwards. 
 Orient. T. 111. P. 11. 16. 17.20. ^^^i ^ ^ ^ . , 
 
 Klaproth's asiat. Magnzin, Th. I. p. \^H ^o"ii^ only m Pi. )^12 to give, de- 
 138. D'Herbelot's Orient. Biblio- /itjer. Prov. 4: 9. Gen. 14:20. 
 theque, AvUagiouge and Magiouge. -[^^^^^.(.^jthKamets impure,) with suff. 
 
 iS^, plur. d">i^73, const, "^pjj ; strict- 
 
 l'^^^ m. verbal from ^^.n no. I. dec. 
 111: c. 
 
 1. a dwelling. Ps. 55: 16. 
 
 2. plur. C'^Ji:*^ a sojourning, a 
 residence among strangers, a pilgrinu 
 age. Gen. 17:8 'r^'^^.^Jz yyii the 
 land wherein thou sojournest. 28: 4. 
 Often used figuratively of one's res- 
 idence on earth, Gen.47:9. Ps. 119: 
 54. 
 
 115^ m. plur. d'>^.^:ia (Lam. 2: 22.) 
 verbal from ^^3^ no. II. dec. III. f. 
 fear, terrour. Ps. 31: 14. Jer. 6: 25. 
 29: 3, 10. 
 
 n'lil^t; f. verbal from n^it no. II. 
 dec. X. idem, Prov. 10: 24. 
 
 ly part. Hiph. of 1:5 tc protect, dec. 
 Vlll.i. a shield. Judg.5:8. It appears 
 from 1 K. 10: 16,17. 2 Chr. 9: 16. 
 that "j^Ts denotes a smaller kind of 
 shield than Ttl^ ; of course i. q. 
 (xGnlg. clypeus, a light shield or buck- 
 ler. "i^p "J"^?^ an armed man, i. e. a 
 robber, Prov. 6: 11. 24: 34. Used 
 metaphorically (1.) of God, Gen. 
 15: 1. Ps. 3: 4. 18: 3, 31. 144: 2. 
 Ps. 7: 11 n">n :f<. >? 'S:}?3 my shield 
 or defence is with God ; comp. 89 : 
 19. (2.) 'y"^>N{ "S^^ the shields of the 
 land, i. e. its princes or protectors, 
 Ps. 47: 10. Hos. 4: 18. 
 
n:^^ 
 
 341 
 
 7^ 
 
 n3^!Q f. dec. X. found only Lam. 3 : 
 65 hb"n2^?3 either a covered or ob- 
 durate . hearty (from )2^ ;) or else 
 madness of heart, (from the Arab. 
 
 (j^^ pass, to rave, to he mad. Com p. 
 
 the parallel sentiment Deut. 28:28.) 
 n'ni^y^'D f. verbal from 'Ij^^, the rebuke 
 
 or 'curse (of God.) De'ut. 28 : 20. 
 nD5^ f (with Tseri impure,) verbal 
 
 from >]^3, dec. X. 
 
 1. an overthrow, discomfiture. 1 
 Sam. 4: 17. 
 
 2. a plague, (sent by God.) Ex. 
 9: H. Spoken of a pestilential dis- 
 ease, Num. 14:37. 17: 13. [16: 48.] 
 of the plague on the Philistines, 1 
 Sam. 6: 4. 
 
 "\yn Syr. j.^.^ to fall Part. pass, 
 (as if pass, of Piel ; comp. ^mz.) 
 Ezek. 21: 17 n^in bN ^^r^'q thrown 
 or given up to the sword. Others : 
 destroyed by the szaord. 
 
 Pi. "^^12 to throw down. Ps. 89:45. 
 
 *l^tj Chald. idem. Pa. ^.n^ to throw 
 down, destroy. Ezra 6: 12. 
 
 Q?.*^. f. (with Tseri impure,) ver- 
 bal from ^^a, dec.X. a saw. 2 Sam. 
 12: 31. 1 K."7: 9. 
 
 jln^ZJ proper name of a city in the 
 
 tribe of Benjamin. Only 1 Sam. 14: 
 2. Is. 10: 28. 
 
 ni3?'l5'n plur. fem. (verbal from ^^5> 
 to lessen, shorten, narrow ;) narrow- 
 ings, narrowed rests, rebatements. 1 
 K. 6: 6. 
 
 *^^1*!^. ^- (verbal from Vi'^^ to carry 
 away,) in Syriac and Arabic a 
 wooden shovel. So Joel 1:17 the 
 grain disappears under the shovels. 
 But it does not appear how this is 
 a consequence of drought. The 
 renderingof the Jewish commenta- 
 tors is better suited to the context, 
 namely,cWs, (as if from Vl"!^ in the 
 signification to shovel away.) 
 
 "J3'1^^ m. dec. II. b. Plur. d"*-, and 
 once ni Ezek. 27: 28. 
 
 1. the Aramean infin. of Jb'^.n no. 
 3. Ezek. 36: 3. 
 
 2. a pasture, Germ. Trift, (from 
 )li~\^ to drive, to drive out,) or a va- 
 cant, empty place, (comp. the Syr. 
 
 -5Qi^v. nudus, vacuus.) It is appli- 
 ed (1.) to the vacant space about 
 the tempie, Ezek. 45: 2. about Je- 
 rusalem, Ezek. 48: 17. about Tyre, 
 27 : 28. (2.) particularly to the 
 suburbs of the Levitical cities for 
 pasturing cattle. Num. 35 : 2 ff. 
 Josh. 21: n ff. 1 Chr. 6: 40 ff. [6: 
 55 it.] -1 Chr. 13: 2 D"'U;'ii?; "^^p 
 the cities with suburbs, i. e. Levitical 
 cities. 
 
 "1^? with suff. '^'riJ2 and ^'tj^, plur. C'^J^ 
 and "^^-jz (Judg. 5: 10.) verbal trom 
 T173, dec. VIll. f. and h. 
 
 1. measure. Job 11:9. Jer. 13: 
 25 ^^"l^D n:?3 the portion of thy meas- 
 ures, i. e. the portion measured out 
 to thee. 
 
 2. a garment. Ps. 109: 18, Lev. 
 6 : 3. [6: 10.] 
 
 nS"!^ Chald. an altar. Ezra 7:17. 
 Root 'n'2'l to offer. 
 
 I^*!^ m. verbal from ^n^l, dec. II. b. 
 ' *1. speech. Cant. 4 : 3."^ See lil 
 no. 2. 
 
 2. a wilderness, an uncultivated 
 and comparatively barren country, 
 into which cattle are driven to feed, 
 Germ. Trift. (In Syr. idem. See 
 'nm no.l. to drive.) Ps. 65:13 nD^"^-^ 
 12173 niM3 the pastures of the wil- 
 dernessdrop (fatness.) J er.9:d.23:\0. 
 
 3. an actual zvaste, a sandy 
 desert. Is. 32 : 15. 35 : 1. 50 : 2. 
 ln7J73UJ l?'}!^ a desolate wilderness, 
 Joel 2:3. 4:19. [3:19.] Joined with 
 the article, 'nzi'l72ln the desert, i. e. 
 the desert of Arabia, Gen. 14: 6. 
 16: 7. Ex. 3: 1. 13: 18. Deut. 11 : 
 24. Different portions of this des- 
 ert occur likewise under special 
 names ; see the proper names 'J^'D, 
 ^a-^cj, ir^;, iins etc. nniijr^ lan^ 
 
ac- 
 
 ni^ 342 11^ 
 
 the plain or desert of Jitdah. Josh. 'n'-T'n'n r r j i t ^ . . 
 
 15: 61. Jud-. I: 16. Ps. 63: 1. ' '"^"P- ^- ^"""'^ ""'? '= '* ^ ^^ 
 
 i-k.>y^ . cording to the Jewish commenta- 
 
 ^ i^J, pret. r\^y2, also "ni^J, mfin. ^73, tors.exactress of gold, {spoken ofBab- 
 
 fut. ^73^. ylonO as if a denom. from nn'ri = 
 
 - . A I ^"v^ ^ ^ V I. V ^i^"^ ^''^^i ^"^J formed in the part. 
 
 1. 1. q. Arab. <-\>c to stretch out, .,t & ' 1 
 
 tocxfenci. See Hithpa.and thede- Hiph. fern. Others : ex/omow, as 
 
 riv. fT^)3. i^ from the Arab. \_>^A^3 conj. I. 
 
 2. to I'neasure^ literally to stretch IV . abduxit, abstulit. Another read- 
 out the measuring line. Ezek. 40 : ing is found in an edition of the He- 
 5 tf. 41:1 ff. Apphed likewise to brew bible published at Thessalon- 
 measures of capacity, Ruth 3:15. icain 1600, namely, lnir!n?3 oppres- 
 Metaphorically Is.65: 7 / will meas- sion, from nn^, which is* also par- 
 ure their former conduct into their ^i,^! ^^^^ ^di^D^ Is. 3 : 5. This last 
 bosom, 1. e. I will recompense it. ,. "',, , , ,,. , 
 
 Niph. pass. Jer. 31 : 37. 33 : 22. l^^'^'''? '^ prelerred by Michaelis, 
 
 Pi. ^I'q i. q. Kal. 2 Sam.8: 2. ^^-esenius, and others. 
 
 Po. TliTS idem. Ucih.3:6-he meas- *^1P. P'ur. with suff. Drj'^l^^, dec. 
 
 vred the earth (with a glance.) VI. a. a garment. 2 Sam. 10:4. 1 
 
 Others, following the Sept. and Chr. 19: 4. Root mn = Tl?3 . 
 
 Chaldiic version, he made the earth ^nkfTi u i r ^ L j ' fv 
 
 . -r f ^ , i u ' ' '-^ oi- verbal from nT^J, dec. IX. 
 
 to quake, as li from ln73 in Arab. ' : - tt' 
 
 (med. Ye) to he moved. ^^cfcnm, disease, Deut. 7: 15. 28: 
 
 Hithpo. 'TlDnri to stretch one^s ^^' 
 
 self. 1 K. 17: 21.' ' D'^H'^'n^ masc. plur. verbal from 
 
 Deriv. ^J2J2, 'lya., ^^12, n^^l, seductions. Lam. 2: 14. 
 
 n% m. Job 7: 4. prob. an escaping, I. p'^^] m. plur. D-^:jl-.73, verbal from 
 peeing awai/, trom I'l:, (romp, the ' ' ''' 
 
 *fut. ^-rin Gen. 31:40.y The whole ^ \' .^ , ,. 
 
 ,. ^ ^, * ^ i^ . 1 I wu ! strife, contention, dissension. 
 
 passas^e may be rendered thus; ^ .^,0 ^^ 00 tr^ ,. 
 
 ^ I I I- , T I 1 11 T Prov. lo:18. 16: 28. 17: 14. 
 
 when I lie dozvn. I sau, xcktii snail 1 r^ 1 ^ r- ^ 
 
 ^^.. M.,H,1 1 f I \ 1 n 2. obiect of contention. Germ. 
 
 arise, Sir T^TS^ and (when) shall rr ; / f t/ orv 
 
 . , ; - ^ ^ Zankapfel. Ps. 80 : 7. 
 
 </ic mff/a 6e gone f |-|- .l^.^^ 
 
 i-,i-v^ . , , ^ J ^ 11. ]1 i/J m. verbal from ^'173=117:, 
 
 I -JU f. verbal from n^l?:, dec. X. ' r . , oc orcir^r/*- 
 
 '1 , '.",4 .:-^ extension, extent. 2 Sam. 2 1:20 Ken 
 
 1. extension, p-reat extent. i:^^( ^. . ' , , 
 
 _^, r ^ , . 1 ni \^^)2 'C^ii< vir lonyns, 1. q. rr"^ ^""i^ 
 
 T\^12 a man of vreat stature, 1 Chr. >t . <^' ^"t.*""^ 
 
 i/.'oo ^.,:i t".^ f , , 1 Chr. 20: 6. The Kethib is to be 
 
 11:23. IT^JTD ^ll:^^ men of stature, , ^^ . ^, 
 
 '^ . - -^ read 'i^":;73 m the same sense. 
 
 Is. 45 : 24. ni'^73 IT^Z a spacious *i,k ' * 
 /k>usc Jer. 22: 14.* " y^ -iiJ wherefore? on what account? 
 
 2. a measure, length measured out, ^o^ ^^^ K^ost part interrogatively^, 
 Ex.26:2,8. n"7?2bnn amfiamrmj^ Jh- ^^ : 14. 2 Sam. 19: 42. but 
 line, Zech. 2: 5." Metaphorically sometimes without an interrogation, 
 pg 3C|. ^ F J Ex. 3: 3. Job 21:4 -i<b ^^'^Ja-tlSfi^ 
 
 3. i.q. 173 no. 2. agarmcnt. Plur. "'H^"^ "'^RH "^f^erefore should I 7Wt 
 n*Ti73 Ps. 133: 2. fee angry. !z:i< only strengthens the 
 
 4. as in Chaid. tniwfe. Neh. 5:4. interrogation, or is pleonastic. (Per- 
 
 '-'r'n rv, r-k..! I y -A . ^ haps compounded of yTT-^l73 au 
 
 1 1%^ m. Lhnla. tribute, pars cuivis de- ' ' , -' : - * 
 
 ' ^ mente i on what account f 
 
 mensa. Ezra 4: 20. 6:8. By a resolu- .^wta-y- 
 
 tion of the Dagesh forte^into Nun, ^" <H Chald. verbal from ^r^-n, a 
 it is sometimes written !rn:73, Ezra dwelling place, residence. Dan. 4: 22, 
 4: 13. 7: 24. " ' 29. [4: 25, 32.] 6: 21. 
 
^1^ 343 n^ 
 
 ni'll^ f. denom. from 'ni'7 no. 3. 2- ^- (comp. Ezra 4: 13.) Ecc. 5:7. 
 
 dec. X. a pile of wood, literally the ^ ^^J ^^'^ following article. 
 
 place of a pile of -wood \ comp. "j^i?^. ^iD'^'ltt f. Chald. 1. a province. Dan. 
 Ezek. 24: 9. Is. 30: 33. 3: 2, '3. 
 
 tllD^I^ f. verbal from UJ^'i, dec.X.a ^- '"^^ country. D^n. 2: 43,49. 
 
 ^^^.aL^; hence, as a concrete, ^^-ijl ^^'' ^^- ^^'^^ ^' ^- 
 
 what threshes or is threshed. Is. 21 : '^5^^. f- verbal from ^1"^ , a mortar, 
 
 10. See under f^ii no. 2. Num. 11: 8. 
 
 UJ JU m. verbal from frtTl, rMin, c/c- "Jt."! - proper name of a city in the 
 struction. Prov. 26 : 28. ' territory of Moab. Jer. 48:2. As an 
 
 niSn'l/a plur.fem. verbal from ^rn, appellative i. q. n;^.^?^ 
 
 concitatio. Ps. 140: 12 n^Drt^/D''^ 1D^'1a3 f. 1. denom. from V^'Ti f* 
 
 concitate^ in haste, speedily^ urgently. dunghil., dung heap. Is. 25: 10. 
 
 ''^^ Jlf(^ia. Gen. 10: 2. Dan. 5: 28. , .?' P^/P^^.^^^^e f f^^^ty in the 
 y 7 tribe oti3enjamm. Is. 10:31. 
 
 Est. 1: 3. (Syr. ^.,J^ idem.) The ;-.*,. ^U . ^ , ^ 
 
 ^ -^ r > u^j tZJ I. q. n^: 1173 and CS^n^, ver- 
 
 ffentile noun is "^^^ a A/ec?e, Dan. / 7 r' ..... "V'-i- . T ' ' j- 
 
 ?. . -T bal from I'^'l, sin/e, contention^ dis- 
 
 ww,^* * cor/i. Prov.'c: 14, 19. 10: 12. 
 
 ^j-J a contraction of "^--n^ what is ,^y. _ ^*k_i^ 
 
 crtOM^/i. 2 Chr. 30: 3. " " ^ 'i'^ "^^ -^ *i^ f"- ve^^^^I fi'o -i:? 
 
 *''^52 s ^'^. ^^^' ^'* ^"'^y^ ^ later Hebrew, 
 
 r'^^'l found only in the plur. (^^ald. .-^^^^ ; Syr.\!:^, jl^.) 
 
 t=3^^rn^, verbal from r^,5^n/e, co/i- ^ ^ ' ^f^^^^^- ^ Chr I : 1 1, 12. 
 
 ee.^ror Prov. 18:18! i9: 13. and ^ ?^^ ^^,\ ^^- ^\t; ^L , , 
 more frequently in the Keri for ^-thought. Lcc. 10 : 20. Sept. 
 
 ^-^,1^72. SeepiT:. avp6L^n(^is^ 
 
 1^ I '-J I. Mtdian., proper name of an .-^ 
 
 "Arabian tribe, near mount Sinai, ^''"^El^ Plur.fem. verbal from ^^jP":!, 
 (Ex. 3:1. 18:5.) and on the east dec. XI. piercings. Prov. 12: 18. 
 side of Canaan, near the Moabites, !nn*\'^^ r 1 v i-jr 
 
 Amorites,andAmalekites,(Judg.6; ^'Q : " ^' '^""- ^' ^ '^'Jf^ P'^^'P''^' 
 7.-8 : 28.) In some passa-es the ^^"^- - ^'^' ^^ek. 38:20. Root :i'ii, 
 names Midianite and Ishmaelite ap- in Arab, and Chald. gradatim ascen- 
 pear to be almost synonymous, as d,^l- 
 
 ?*o/I; ^''- '"''- ^ ^ '^ ' """P- '^l'^^ "' verbal from ^^^.j, dec. II. 
 
 o : 22, 24. ' -^ : / - t' 
 
 i,kii-iMi. ' b- <^ place to tread upon., a footing. 
 
 ^iiH f- verbal from 1"^^, dec. X. Dent. 2: 5. 
 
 liter.- a>m^zc^ion ; hence -^2-^^^ ^ (^^^bal from ttJ-J'^I to exam- 
 
 1 . a province., e. g-. a district of ^ ' ' . . ~ ' . 
 
 ^Ac Persian empire. Est. 1:1, 22. 3: ie,)dec.Il.b. an exposition, interpre- 
 
 12, 14. n3"""(72^I "^53 Ezra 2: 1 tation. (In Rabbinic frequf^nt.) 
 
 Neb. 7: 6. the cfludren ''of the prov^ ^ ^^^; ^^^ 27 C^^D^^^ ^!?.D UJni): </i6 
 
 ince, i.e. the Israelites who returned exposition of the book of kings. 13: 
 
 from the provinces of Persia. 22. Others incorrectly, book gen- 
 
 2. aland., country. Dan. 11:24 5 o 
 iin; SlS"'"i72 ''2^*i;7:nn and into the erally, after the Arab. (j-^^A^ 
 
 /er/i/e land^ \. e"." Palestine, he shall ^^^^^' ^ ^ 
 
 e/ifer. Lam. 1: 1. Ezek. 19: 8. Ecc. ITI^J, "n'D,and Sn!^, (see the Note.) 
 
n53 
 
 344 
 
 in^ 
 
 1. xsihat? spoken of things, as 173 
 of persons. Judg. 11: 12 ^bl '^\ I112 
 what have zwe, / and thou^ to do with 
 each other? comp. 2 Sam 16:10. 
 19:23. Without a copula, Jer. 2: 
 18 D''^:^^ ^mi^ *7^-n^ what hast 
 thou to do with the way of Egypt ? 
 Hos. 14:9. 
 
 2. without an interrogation, Wiaf, 
 whatever^ somethings any thing. Prov. 
 9: 13 n;0""S^3''l'^"b2s/ie careth for no- 
 thing. 2 Sam. 18: 23 n?9 'ri")! 
 ^*2-^^i::^'n^{ whatever it may 6e, i. e. 
 howsoever, /ei me, I pray thee^ run. 
 Job 13: 13, 14. Joined with cj, fAai 
 tt'/iic/?, w/m, Ecc. 1:9. 3: 15, 22. 6: 
 10. (Aram. 2 i^ idem.) 
 
 3. before substantives, what^ of 
 what sort^qualis. Josh. 22:1 G -T\12 
 InTiri bVi^l^ what a transgression is 
 this! 1 Sam. 28: 14. 1 K. 9:13. 
 
 4. how? Gen. 44: 16 p^aiiS--?^ 
 how shall we justify ourselves? Ex. 
 10:26. Gen. 28: 17 ^^^i:-n73 how 
 dreadful ! 
 
 6. wherefore ? (So the Lat. quid ? 
 fov cur?) Judg. 8: 1. Ps. 42: 12. 
 
 6. not^ (as in Chald. and Arab.) 
 The negation arises from the re- 
 proachful inquiry. Cant. 8 : 4 -n/3 
 
 wake not^ disturb not the lovely one ; 
 liter, why wake ye, why disturb yc the 
 lovely one ? Comp. 2: 7. 3: 5. where 
 uD5^ is used to express the negation. 
 The transition to this sense is found 
 in such passages as Job 16: 6. 31: 
 1,20,24. where the ancient ver- 
 sions for the most part have ex- 
 pressed the negation. See particu- 
 larly n72b. 
 
 '^ TIT 
 
 The most frequent combinations 
 of this word with prepositions arc 
 the following ; 
 
 1. n7-]2 whereby? Judg. 16 : 5. 
 why? 2Chr. 7:21. 
 
 2. n72D (1.) how manyl Gen. 47: 
 8. 1 K. 22: 16 C"'72^^C n725-15 how 
 
 ' many times ? Without an interroga- 
 tion, so many^ Zech. 7: 3 ^735 HT 
 
 tD'^i*25 these so many years. (2.) how 
 
 longi Ps. 35: 17. Job 7: 19. (3.) 
 what., how great. Zech. 2 : 6. [2: 2.] 
 
 (4.) how often. Ps.78.40.'(Syr. j!'^::^ 
 
 idem.) 
 
 3. n72b {Milel) and n73b iMilra,) 
 the latter form usually before gut- 
 turals and the word 7"nni- (1.) 
 wherefore? Gen. 4:6. 12:18.*Ps.2:l. 
 Withoutan interrogation, Dan. 10:20. 
 With m.ore intensity Ti], tlTsb where- 
 fore then ? See fiT. (2.) lest^ that not. 
 
 Dan. 1: 10. Ir.Tj'lsUJ idem, Cant. 1: 
 
 7. (Aram, nicb , (:^li., i^h^ 
 idem.) 
 
 4. T1J2]: since, because. 1 Chr. 15: 
 13 in^UJi^nzTgb since at the begin- 
 ning.^ (Comp. 2 Chr. 30: 3.) 
 
 5. ^572-13? how long ? Ps. 74: 9. 
 79:5. JN'um."24:22. 
 
 6. n7:-b^ wherefore? Num. 22: 
 32. Jer'9: 11. 
 
 Note. This word is pointed (1.) 
 with Pathah before the letters tl, 
 n, y,or before Makkeph and Dagesh 
 euphonic. (2.) with Segol before 
 ri, n, and 5?, with Kamets. (3.) with 
 Kamets before Ji and 1 with and 
 without Makkeph. (4.) Sometimes 
 it is united both in pronunciation 
 and orthography with the follow- 
 ing word, as MT73 what is this ? Ex. 
 4: 2. S3:?';?a what have you ? Is. 3: 
 15. Mai.' 1: 13. 
 
 'tlu Chald. what, as in Heb. with and 
 
 -r ' 
 
 without an interrogation. ''7 1172 
 that which, Dan. 2: 28. Combined 
 with prepositions, (1.) TlTZ'z how^ 
 how very. Dan. 3: 33. (2.) 'n'nb Ez- 
 ra 4: 22. and tlJ^b n 7: 23. lest, that 
 not. 
 
 'Fitll2 found only in Hithpalp. 
 
 j^Tpllttnll to linger, tarry, delay. 
 
 Gen. 19: 16. 43: 10. 2 Sam. 15:28. 
 
 !n!2'^nL3 f. verbal from tDtin, dec. X. 
 
 1. tumult, commotion. 2 Chr. 15:5; 
 
 (antitb. tDTii:'*^ peace.) Prov. 15: 16. 
 
t)r\i2 
 
 345 
 
 -",^2 
 
 2. consternation^ confusion. Deut, 
 7: 23. 1 Sam. 5: 9, 1 1 "ni73 n72^'n72 
 a deadly consternation. 
 "n^tl/O m. verbal adj. from intt, dec. 
 II I. a. ijiiick ; hence, ready., apt., skil- 
 ful, at any art or business. Prov.22: 
 
 29. Is. 16: 5. Ps. 45:2. (Syr. j jIoiiD 
 
 idem ; Arab. ^^^ to be experienced, 
 to be skilful.y 
 
 rTjj2 i.q. ^:\J2 to circnmcise. (In Chald. 
 more frequent. Compare the anal- 
 ogies, p. 163) Hence, by a figure 
 common with the Arabians, to adul- 
 terate or dilute wine, Is. 1: 22. 
 
 *nTn^ m. verbal from *Tbri, dec. Il.b. 
 
 1. a ri}ay, journey. Neh. 2: 6. 
 Jon. 3:3, 4. 
 
 2. a walk, passage., ambulacrum. 
 Ezek. 42: 4. But D''Dbn73 Zech. 3: 
 7. denotes companions, and is the 
 plur. part, liiph. from ^^irr to go^ 
 to accompany. 
 
 P^njD m. verbal from y?n, dec. II. 
 b. praise, commendation. Prov. 27: 
 21 what the crucible is to gold, that 
 let a man be to the mouth that prais- 
 eih him, i. e. let him examine the 
 praise carefully. 
 
 r\M2^Tjl2_ piur.fem. verbal from D'^ti, 
 
 strokes, blows. Prov. 18: 6. 19: 29. 
 
 )ni"l53lt3 plur. fern, found only Ps. 
 
 140:11. according to the Hebrew 
 commentators, pits. (So in Talmud. 
 But the etymology is unknown.) 
 
 jn^^ri^D f verbal from ^SJi, dec. X. 
 overthrow, destruction. Deut. 29: 22. 
 In some places it is used as an infin. 
 (like nkNn*^.,) Is. 13: 19 n^Sn^S 
 Dip ni< D'^rr'^i^. as when God de- 
 stroyed iSodom. Jer. 50: 40. Amos 
 4: 11. 
 
 n J2n^ f.verbal from ^Dn, axi^ooden 
 frame, in which the feet, perhaps, 
 also the hands and head of prisoners 
 were, confined, shackles, stocks, pillo- 
 ry, nervus, cippus. Jer. 20: 2, 3. 29: 
 44 
 
 26. 2 Chr. 16: 10 n^^.J^^ar: n"'a a 
 house of slocks, a prison. 
 
 I. "IHQ to hasten, to be in haste, in Kal 
 only Ps. 16:4. 
 
 Pi. ^t^73 1. to hasten, to make 
 haste ; construed with a finite verb 
 with and without the copula, e. g. 
 1 Sam. 17 : 48. Gen. 19 : 22 ^X}}2 
 t2p72M hasten [and) deliver thyself. 
 With an infin. with and without ):, 
 e.g. Ex. 2: 18. 10: 16. This verb 
 ma}' be often expressed in English 
 by the adverbs, /tash/y, quickly^ sud- 
 denly, soon. Gen. 27 : 20 inT-n^ 
 ^5:^:73":; T\'^'7Vn how then hast thou 
 fowl d it so quickly ? Ex. 2: 18. The 
 infin. ^1^12 is likewise used as an 
 adv. in haste, quickly, Judg, 2: 17, 
 23. Ps. 79: 8. 
 
 2. trans, to hasten, to do in haste^ 
 to urge on. Is. 5. 19. Gen. 18:6 
 n^j^. D'^Jip t^^ '^^.'H)^ ^'''^^g q^iic^h 
 
 three seahs of flour. 1 K 22: 9. 
 
 Niph. 'ntliq to be too much hurri- 
 ed., to be over hasty, rash, inconsider- 
 ate. Job 5: 13 ny^Jzz D'^^^ns: ni?? 
 
 the counsel of the crafty is over hasty, 
 i.e. is carried headlong. Hence part. 
 'nn^^S inconsiderate, Is. 32: 4. timid, 
 fearful, 35 : 4. impetuous, violent^ 
 Hah. 1: 6. 
 
 II. 'nn'Q to buy, purchase, namely, a 
 wife, by a dowry or present to the 
 f;;ther. Ex. 22:15. See '-|^^.(Comp. 
 
 t::iJ$.) 
 
 ntlw verbal adj. from ^1l')2, hastening, 
 Zeph. 1: 14. 
 
 '^Ti'D m. verbal from 'nSi^, no. II. a 
 portion or dowry, paid by the bride- 
 groom for his bride. Gen. 34: 12. 
 Ex. 22 : 16. 1 Sam. 18 : 25. (Syr. 
 and Arab, idem.) 
 
 nnn^ f. verbal from ^51)3, haste, ce- 
 lerity, quickness, Ps. 147: 15. Hence 
 ^rnnwa Ecc. 4: 12. and nn^T73 as 
 
 X . ^ ^ T : 
 
 an adv. hastily, quickly. Num. J 7 
 11. [16:46.] 
 
:o^ 
 
 ni^nn^ pUir. fem. verbal from 
 ^nil, ieceifA-. Is. 30: 10. 
 
 1^ an enclitic syllable, annexed to 
 the prefixes 2, 2, b, to make them 
 independent vvoid?, as 1722, T>:3, 
 V2h^ the signification not bemg af- 
 fected thereby. These lengthened 
 forms are exclusively poetical. 
 
 3^J^u Aloah, in later times Moahhis^ 
 a people and country on the east 
 side of the Dead sea, extending to 
 the brook Anion. (As the name of 
 a people, of the mnsc. gen. Jer. 
 48: 11, 13. as the name of a coun- 
 try, fem. Jer. 48: 4.) n^NiT: nin-j^" 
 the plains of Moab^ mentioned Deut. 
 34: 1,8. Num. 22: 1. in which the 
 
 346 t:ia 
 
 2. to despond (from fear.) Ex.15: 
 15. Josh. 2: 9, 24. Ps. 75: 4. 
 
 Po. ^"^Siz 10 let dissolve^ to soften, 
 to melt, Fs. 65:11 ii:;\573n d''n''2'^2 
 thou softenest it{jihe thirsty earta) with 
 showers. Metaphorically Job oO: 22 
 ny:3n '':;t:j73n liter, thou meltest 
 away my prosperity. 
 
 Hithpo. 1. tojiow^ overjlorv. Am. 
 9: 13. 
 
 2 lo melt or despond, (from fear.) 
 Nah. 1:5. Ps. 107:26. 
 
 1*^^ see 1*7^ Po. 
 
 m. 
 
 Prov. 7 : 4. and 
 
 ^11^ Ruth 2: 1 Keri; verbal from 
 ^1^1 fiifff'^liurity, acquaintance ; and 
 as a concrete, a friend, an acquaitU- 
 
 Israelites encamped for a long ""^ ' 
 
 time, were beyond the Arnon, over Ti^ i]12 fem. of ^-^tq^ dec. XIII. m. 
 
 agamst Jericho, and are also culled idem, used as a concrete. Ruth.3:2. 
 
 S5<T^ 7ni, Deut. 28:69. [29: 1.1 -^wy* 
 ' .......;. L .ui ^^^ ^"t. '0^21, in Kal and Niph. to 
 
 move, quake, tremble ; spoken of 
 the mountains, Ps. 46: 3. 60: 4. of 
 
 3si: 49. but did not pertain to the 
 proper territory of Moab, which 
 the Isra 'lites are expressly said 
 not to have entered, Judo-, ll: 18. 
 2Chr. 20: 10. In Gen. 19:^3038. 
 the name is derived from 2^:?2 ex 
 patre. The gentile noun is "*2Ni?3, 
 fem. M^llJ^.i^ or n^iNn^S , Ruth 4:5. 
 2Chr. 24:*26. 
 
 b^'M2 
 
 e Aramean orthograph}'^ for 
 h^lZ over against, Neb. 12:38. Comp. 
 
 ^'2^i^ m. dec. II. b. i. q. {<=in73 en- 
 trance. Ezek. 43: 11. and 2 Sam. 3: 
 25 Keri. In both passages, this 
 form appears to have been adopted -aLh* 
 on account of its similarity with ^ 
 fi<ifcT?3, with which it is connected. 
 
 a country or kingdom, Ps. 46: 7. 
 60: 4. of persons, Prov. 10: 30. 12: 
 3. Ps. 10:6. In the same sense we 
 find 's b?.l tlDl'a the foot of any 
 one slides,' Beui. 32:35. Ps. 38:17. 
 comp. Lev. 25 : 35 if thy brother 
 become poor 'l-!2^'\'^'^ TiX2l2^ and his 
 hand tremble with thee, i. e. if he 
 loses his substance. 
 
 Hi ph. declinare fecit, to cause to 
 falU to let come down. Ps. 55 : 4. 
 140: 11 Kethib. 
 
 Hithpo. i.q. Kal and Niph. Is. 24: 
 19. 
 
 5*^/3 to flow, dissolve, melt. Metaphor- 
 ically to melt, faint, despond^ (from 
 fear.) Comp. DD^, Ezek. 21: 20. 
 [15.] Ps. 46: 7. Am'os 9: 5. Transi- 
 tively Is. 67: 6 :i:vi:)73n thou causest 
 us to despond. 
 
 m. verbal from t2^^ , dec. I. 
 1. a moving ^shaking, trembling. Ps. 
 66:9. 121: 3. 
 
 2. a bar, pole, vectis, for moving 
 things. Num. 13: 23. 
 
 3. a frame or carriage, consist- 
 ing of several bars or poles. Num. 
 4: 10, 12. 
 
 4. a yoke. Nab. 1: 12. See J-!t3i72. 
 
 Niph. 1. to melt away or disap- lu)1/2 fem. of OT?3, dec. X. 
 pear, spoken of people. 1 Sam. 14: ^ 1. a bar^ pole, vectis. I Chr. 15: 
 16. 15. See Dltt no. 2. 
 
b^'n 
 
 347 
 
 D1^ 
 
 2. V$'r,tll'072vectesjagi^Lev.2Q: of Simeon. Josh. 15: 26. 19:2. 1 
 13. Ezek. 34 : 27. a piece of wood Chr. 4: 28. Neh. 11: 26. 
 bent round the neck of the ox, so r\T7>'X0 f. verbal from ^,b^ , dec. 
 that its two ends might be fastened j^j"jj ^ 
 into the wooden joke. 
 
 3. the yoke itself. Is. 58: 6, 9. 
 Jer. 27: 2. 2S: 10, 12. Ezek. 30:18. 
 
 ;J MaJ i. q. *1'D?2 to be reduced in circum- 
 stances, to become poor. Lev. 25: 25, 
 35, 39, 47. 
 
 k 
 
 /"^U to circumcise (the foreskin.) Gen. 
 21:4. Ex. 12:44. Metaphorically 
 Deut. 10: 16 "D^'n^- DN Dn^^n 
 ClDii' ^^(^ circumcise the foreskin of 
 
 1. birth., origin, descent. Est. 2 : 
 10, 20. Flur. ni'lbi?: natales, ori- 
 gines, Ezek. 16: 3: 4. nnbi73 '{1^. 
 the country of one's birih.^ native land^ 
 Gen. 11: 28. 24:7. 
 
 2. i. q. nlb:i72 yni<. Gen. 12 : 1. 
 24:4. 
 
 3. kindred^ fellow-countrymen gen- 
 erally. Est. 8: 6. 
 
 4. children^ posterity, descendants., 
 proles. Gen. 48: 6. Lev. 18: 9, 11 
 
 your hearts, i. e. remove the impu- -^^^,^ ^ ^,^^j^^, ^^^^^ ^ ^^^^ X. cir- 
 rity of your hearts. 30: 6. 
 
 Niph. pass. Gen. 17: 10, 13. Me- 
 
 cumcision. Ex. 4: 26. 
 taphorically Jer. 4 : 4 nin^b ^Vl^'Tl l1v2 m. dec. I. a stain., blemish. (In 
 circumcise yourselves for Jehovah, i.e. Syr. idem.) 
 
 purify your hearts before him. 
 
 Hiph. to destroy (a people.) Ps. 
 118: 10, 11, 12. 
 
 Hithpal. bbi^nrj to be cut off, 
 blunted, spoken of arrows. Ps. 58: 8 
 il^biTsn"' i73D V^U his arrows are as 
 
 IT ; T 
 
 it were blunted. 
 
 71^ Deut. 1 : I. elsewliere *^^, a 
 preposition. 
 
 1. before, coram. Ex. 18:19 b^73 
 a'Trb^n before God. 
 
 2. over against, e. g. a city. Deut. 
 3: 29. 4: 46. il: 30. Josh. 19 :46. 
 1 K. 7:5 Jltr72-bN ntn73 bV2 
 
 T v; T v; 
 
 Vi)indow over against window. 
 
 It occurs equally often in combina- 
 tion, as (1.) b^^ Vi^. over against, io- 
 
 a bodily injury, blemish, de- 
 fect. Lev. 21: 17 t!; 22: 20, 21, 25. 
 It belongs to beauty to be 'without 
 blemish, 2 Sam. 14: 25. Cant. 4:7. 
 
 2. a stain, blemish, in a moral 
 sense. Deut. 32:5. Job 11:15. 31:7. 
 
 Dpl^ m. verbal from iiD, circuit (of 
 a house.) Ezek. 41: 7.^ 
 
 "iDltJ verbal from 1D^, dec.Il.b. found 
 only in the plur. nilDilO Jer. 51 : 
 26. const. 'IDi^, ni^OTTS, founda- 
 tions, e. g. of a building, Jer. 51: 26. 
 of the earth, Prov. 8 : 29. of the 
 heavens, 2 Sam. 22:8. Hence, be- 
 cause they remain after the des- 
 truction of the building, ruins. Is. 
 58: 12. 
 
 wards. Kx. 34:3. Josh.8:33. 9:1. (2.) '^^5^^ m. verbal from -jD% dec. IL b. 
 ^ZB b^T2 bN before, infronte. Ex. 26: T^^^^^^ j^_ ^g. j^^ 
 
 9 '^rii^r^ "DD b^'n bN in front of the ^y.^^^ ^' , . ^ , ,., 
 
 i /'"ou o"-,^, v.J\.. .L i , Jl^D^^f. verbal from nD% dec. XL a. 
 tent. 28: 2d 1^32 b^^ bfi< to the front. 
 
 28: 37. 34:3.^^(3.) bn7272 (a.) a co- 
 
 ram, 1. q. 0^72. 2 Sam. 5 : 22. Mic. 
 2; 8 Sl73b"iP b^7273/rom over the under 
 garment, (b.) i. q. b^73 over against. 
 1 K. 7: 38. Num. 22: 5. 
 
 1. idem. Ezek. 41: 8 Keri. In the 
 
 Kethib rTnD'73. 
 
 2. an institution or appointment 
 (of God.) Comp. the root ^D"' Kal 
 andPi.no. 2. Is. 30: 32 Ji^O^T: nt273 
 
 XT 
 
 the rod of correction appointed of God. 
 
 n'l^l'Q proper name of a city in the "TjD^^ m. verbal from ^50, dec. IL b. 
 southern part of the tribe of Judah, a covered walk. 2 K. 16: 18 Keri. In 
 which was transferred to the tribe the Kethib ^D"*??,. 
 
:pi53 
 
 348 
 
 5?1^ 
 
 iDh^ for 1DN72 Tcrbal from nSij, 
 found only in the plur. D"^ and ni-, 
 m. bonds^ fetters^ vincu'a. Fs. 2 : 3. 
 107:14. 116:16. As a proper 
 name ItnJZ and ni a station of the 
 Israelites in the desert. 
 
 '1'0M2 m. verbal from ^D^, dec. H. b. 
 
 1. warnings correction^ as of God 
 to men, of parents to children. Ps. 
 50: 17, Jer. 2: 30. Pro v. 1: 8. 4: I. 
 5: 12. 8 : 33. Hence also, a warn- 
 ing or instructive example, Ezek. 5 : 
 15. comp. the verb 23: 48. 
 
 2. instruction., knorvledge, wisdom, 
 parallel with ni''!, tl^DH. Prov. 1 : 
 2. 4: 13. 23: 23'." 6: 23! ' 
 
 3. chastisement, punishment. Job 
 5: 17 "^I'ij 10^73 the chastisement of 
 the Almighty' Prov. 22: 15 tJS'^: 
 *^^V2 the rod of chastisement. 23: 15 
 ^6v2 l^'i^: ^:7:n b^i withhold not 
 chastisement from a child. .Job 12: 
 18 nns d"'3^73 "lD^72 Ae /oosen* lAe 
 chastisement, i. e. the violence, o/ 
 kings. 
 
 I. ^3^1^ m. verbal from ^S^, dec. 
 VlT. a. 
 
 1. an appointed or definite time. 
 
 Gen. 17:21 n"^nw\ri n:iyn ntn n^i^ab 
 
 6ow^ this time in the coming year. 
 Jer. 8 : 7 the stork 'n'^^^\V2 Sl^l,^ 
 knows her times of passage. Gen. 1: 
 
 14 D'-ny/ia^i nin^b n^nn /% */'a^^ 
 
 he for signs and for timea.1 i. e. signs 
 of times. Hab. 2: 3 'Ti'i^ab IVsU ^i^ 
 f Ae visioti refers to a somewhat remote 
 time. Dan. 8: 19. 11: 27, 35. Es- 
 pecially (1.) a year, in the indefinite 
 languag-e of prophecy. Dan. 12: 7. 
 comp. 7: 25. (2.) a festival. ^'^\^^12 
 jnilTT'^ festivals of Jehovah, Lev. 23 : 
 2, 4,* 37, 41. 1V^12 Di"* ic?em, Hos. 
 9: 5. 12: 10. Hence, a festival sa- 
 crifice, victim, 2 Chr. 30: 22. (comp. 
 
 an no. 2.) 
 
 "2. a meeting, (comp. *iyi: no. 2.) 
 Job 30: 23. Is. 33: 20, Num. 16:2 
 lyix: \N{'i^|P those invited to the meet- 
 ing] otherwise Jl^^Sl '^''X'^IR' ^^ 
 14:13 'I^TTS"^^ the mount of meeting 
 
 (of the gods,) the mount of the gods, 
 prob. with reference to some fabu- 
 lous mountain in the remotest north. 
 (So Caucasus is called the abode of 
 the gods, Spanhem. ad Callim. Hymn, 
 in Del. v. 70.) ^'jh72 bnN the tent 
 of meeting, the tabernacle of the con- 
 gregation so called. According to 
 Ex. 25: 22. Num. 17:19. [17: 4.] it 
 was the tent where God met with 
 Mo-ies, hence a tabernacle of confer- 
 ence, place of an oracle; but perhnps 
 also the tent for meetings of the people 
 on festival occasions. Comp, no. 3. 
 The Germ. Stiftshuite is a transla- 
 tion of the Greek Gxi]in] ^uqtvqIov, 
 or the Lat. tabernaculum testimonii, 
 as if 1^^12 were derived tVora ^^y 
 testari; comp. rm>; I^'^P'j the tent of 
 the law. Num. 9: 15. 
 
 3. appointed place of meeting. 
 Josh. 8: 40. bN "I'JVZ place of meet- 
 ing with God, i. e. the temple, Lam. 
 2:G. Ps. 74: 4. So in the plur. Ps. 
 74: 8. of the halls of the temple, or 
 as a pluralis excellontia?, or, (if the 
 psalm pertains to the time of the 
 Maccabees,) of the Jewish syna- 
 gogues. 
 
 4. a concerted sign, signal. Jndg. 
 20: 38. 
 
 II. 1>?'l'a verbal from TJJ2, dec. Vil. 
 a. a slipping, liter, that which slips ; 
 (comp. ^ii< destruction.) Job 12: 5. 
 
 'l^^l'Q m. verbal from '^^^ dec. II. b. 
 prob. a collection., congregation, host. 
 Is. 14: 31 !'^n^^722 Tlizi 'j'^N no one 
 is by himself in their hosts, i. e. they 
 advance in close order; comp. 
 5: 27. 
 
 T]^i^M2 f plur. ni'i^'iT:, verbal from 
 '!::;', a festival. 2 Chr. 8: 13. 
 
 n^i^V2 f. verbal from i:*^, liter, a 
 place fixed upon for safety, a place of 
 refuge, asylum. Josh. 20 : 9 '^'n^ 
 Irn^nySM free cities, cities of refuge, 
 
 urbes asyli. (Syr. lj.^0 refuge, har- 
 bour ; 1r~^ ^^^ "J* asylum.) 
 
 r\1'J^)2 see "?^. 
 
^1^12 
 
 349 
 
 p1^ 
 
 pj^'I'D m. verbal from the Hoph. of 
 P,fl3? no. II. darkness. Is. 8: 23. [9:1.] 
 
 tl^J^I'D f. i. q. !r;:5. verbal from V'j''. 
 dec. XI. b. found only in the plur. 
 DTii^il^a counsels^ plans^ purposes^ de- 
 vices. Ps. 5: 11. 81 : 13. Prov. 1 : 
 31 :i3;2t:^ dn''ni:i:y;273 they shall be 
 filled with their own devices^ i. e. 
 with the consequences of them. 
 
 J1JP:P^!2 f. verbal from the Hoph. of 
 p ^i", an oppressive burden. Ps. 66:11. 
 
 nSl/D m. (perhaps forr!C>\73 ; comp. 
 
 sra. of Ni:i:a, dec. X. 
 
 loca in qnce. ejf'eriur stercus ; see 
 'ni<X, n.^niS. 2 K. lO: 2? Keri. 
 
 place where water rises^ a springs Is, 
 41:18. 'vL^JJ^n :ih:Q the place where 
 the sun rises., the east., Ps. 75: 7 . 65 : 
 9 j'^:-)in n-iri ^j?> ^N^^^ i/iow ''^/^- 
 esf f/ie goings forth of the morning and 
 of the evening to rejoice. (The word 
 !^'Z'i12 is here applied to the ev^en- 
 in^ by the figure called zeugma.) 
 Hence a door., gc-^^i passage out, E- 
 zek. 42: 11. 
 
 3. that which conies out.~^^^Sl2 
 d'^nC;'^) that which comes out oj ^thc 
 lips, Num. 30: 13. Deut. 23: 24. 
 
 4. origin, descent, race. 1 K. 10 : 
 
 the Arab. i^^S] a wonder.) dec. VII. 
 
 1. a wonder, a wonderful occur- "^ "'^ . . , ^t- ^ . 
 
 rence, portentum, prodigium; e.g. I' origin, descent. Mic. 5: 1. 
 
 in heaven, Joel 3: 3. [2:30.] Hence , ^' P'"^' ^""^^^^.^^^ P^*^'^^ ^^^. 
 a miracle wrouglit by God or his 
 messeng-ers, Ex. 4: 21. 7: 3, 9. 11: ^^ 
 9. Deut. 4: 34. 6: 22. Ps. 105: 27. p^^^ m. verbal from p^^, the pouring 
 Particularly a sign, token, pledge, lut or casting of metals. 1 K. 7: 37. 
 omeji, given by a prophet for the 2. something cast or solid. Job 37: 
 
 accomplishment of something fu- 10. 
 ture; comp. nii< no. (4.) 1 K. 13: k^,h^ . , .u tt u r 
 
 3 5. Deut. 13:2 3. 1^4 '^-J m. verbal from the Hoph. of 
 
 2. a symbol, emblem, type of a fa- T^] ^' straitness, oppression. Job36: 1 6. 
 fwre cvertf, contained in some action, iTlpIS^'D f verbal from 'p:ir, dec. X. 
 Lat portentum See niN no (5.) ^ Junnel, funnel, infundibulum. Zech. 
 Is. 8: 18 6e/io/c^ / owe? f/ie children 4.2. 
 U'/iic^ Jehovah has given me, n^n^b k^h- 
 
 ^^-.^.^V^ ^ ^v.^/ ^ z. ; * r^^ found only in Hiph. p'^^1 fo ?*m- 
 
 D^ns 0::^ are emblems and symbols, * . . ^ j -j r. ' - : "r. /* 
 
 . " ! , i) 1 ttate, to mock, deride. Ps. 73: 8. ( A- 
 
 1. e. on account ot our significant -, 7 ^ 
 
 names we are symbols of future ^^^' ^^' PT.^^ -.a^ idem.) 
 
 events. 20:3. Zech. 3:8 nB^7^ ""ibsi^ 'r^S'n i_ 1 r , ..., , 
 
 , . , , ,. , "o . m;- ':.''^ m. verbal from ^p^ dec. VII. b. 
 
 typical or symbolical men. bo m N. j. ;,,^^ ^^- 1^-33. ^^ 
 
 l.ruTio? Rom. 5:14. Sometimes 2. ma^maZ. /or 6rnmo-, brush, 
 
 the prophet performs an action, dry wood. Ps. 102: 4. 
 
 and asserts that it is ominous or ^^^-^^ 
 
 emblematic of something future, E- * ^ ilO'^ f- verbal from ^p^, the place 
 
 zek. 12: 6, 11. 24: 24, 27. on the altar where the victim was 
 
 p^ (kindred with r.:z72 and y^^^.) ^"^^^ P^^^haps ^Ae^27e o/;oocZ. Lev. 
 
 to oppress. Part, y^ ara oppressor, ,b;^Ll' 
 
 Is. 16:4. Deriv. y-i^j. ^^jC.'^ "i- verbal from "lip^ , dec. 
 
 n^ see Y^] c/mjf. 
 
 521/3 m. verbal from NiS"^, dec. I. 
 
 1 . o going out, coming forth, ris- 
 ing. Num. 33: 2. Aiso^Ae rising of 
 the sun, Ps. 19: 7. 
 
 2. /?/rtce 0/ rising. -^WlIZ i<2i73 a 
 
 VII. b. 
 
 1. a snare, a springe ; e. g. for 
 animals, birds. Job 40 : 24. Am. 
 3 : 5 (riD appears here to denote 
 snares lying on the ground.) -v^piJa 
 ni:a snares of death, Ps. 18: 6. " * 
 
 2. metaphorically an object by 
 
-1^12 
 
 350 
 
 -)1^ 
 
 which any one is seduced and caused \ irrnST^ ^ u i r _!_.. i 
 
 4 j~ 11 T^ ..^ ^ 1. I M |/J m. verbal from n^^ no. 1. 
 
 to fall. Lx. ]0:7nT ?i^n^ ''n?:-i5'- , ^ ",..., 
 
 - . , , , ," ', =;. ,""; " 1. au arc/ier. bee nn*^ no. l.Hiph. 
 
 w./p.T72^ 13? how long shall he be to j '^ ^ 
 
 us for a snare? i. e. bring us into 2. the early rain. See ^i^"^ no. I. 
 
 misfortune? S2J3: 33. 34: 12. Deut. jj- }j ^^ g 
 
 7: 16. Josh. ?j:13. Piur. D^_, once j^ Jluy^ 
 
 I-iT_Psj4i: 9. Aa- nn "D m. verbal fromn'^^ no. 11. 
 
 2. teacher. Is. 9: 14. Hence i. q^ 
 D^n ici'se, spoken of God, .Job 36: 
 22. Others adopt the rendering of 
 the Sept. dvvanii^g, co:np. the 
 
 Aram. Ifi;^), N"1.73 a /ore/ ; but would 
 not this be written in llehrevv 
 i^'lTJ 1 Others make it i.q. iS'li73 no. 
 2. the object of fear, the dreadful one. 
 (Comp. Ps. 9: 21.) 
 
 As a proper name T\'^^^12 "jVrii 
 Gen- 12: 6. and ri"\i^ "'P.T-^. I^eut. 
 1 1: 30. </ie turpentine trees ofMoreh^ 
 in the neighbourhood of Shechem ; 
 and n^.i'/inT^'ni; the hill ofMoreh^ 
 in the valiej of Jezreel, Judg,7: 1. 
 1. nil-O m. a razor. Jadg. 13:5. IG: 
 7. I Sam. 1:11. (Ptoot prob. n'^'n 
 Arab, i^ f-O libera strinxit^plagis p er- 
 st rinxif, whence novacula stringens. 
 According to others, i. q. i^niQ ti- 
 mor^ the razor being so cal.ed from 
 the danger in using it.) 
 3. somethino; astonishimr or won- tt ta..-uiy\^ ^ ^^ , ., . 
 hrfd, Deut.t'G:8. 31: it Jer. 32: ^'- ' 'T'^ P^' ^^ ^1 Kethib, i q. N^ia 
 
 /mr, terrour., which is the reading 
 
 *.i.v* , ,, \\ ^,, . ^ oftheKeri. 
 
 -T/-. m. Is. 41:15. Plur. 'D^^y.12 2 
 
 Sam.24:22. and D^r^S53 (after the ^^''^ ^^^ ^ '-* 
 Chaldaic form) 1 CLr.*21: 23. prim. n^")1t3 see tl'lb. 
 dec. VIII. f. a threshing sb-dgc or ."^ .* 
 
 dray^trahea.^ a plank armed with iron il^ll^ m. const, "i'^-^ir^, verbal from 
 ov sharp stones, which was drawn by ^^^^ (with Kamets impure,) a pos- 
 oxen, like a sledge, over the gran, ^JJ^^^ Obad. 17. Is. 14:23. .Job 
 to cut the straw m pieces, alter ^^. jj ,^^.^ ,..^;,^^ ^j^^ possessions, 
 which it was winnowed. In Span. . , * r '' \ ^ , , 
 
 c, ^c^ 1- e. the tondest hopes, of my heart. 
 
 trillo. (Ar;<b. r^jr^3 by a commut:i- M"4i3"11/3 f. verbal from -cin-;, idem. 
 
 tion of 72 andV.) Ex^6:8. Dent. 33: 4. 
 
 Tf\Cl m. verbal from 1^\ dec. H.b. IH^ TtL^'ni/^ Mic. 1: 14. a place in 
 
 nitl see n^. 
 
 *li^ in Kal not used. 
 
 Hiph. I'^Jain 1. to change, ex- 
 change. Lev. 27 : 33. Construed 
 with 2 of the thing for which the 
 exchange is made, Ps. 106: 20. Jer. 
 2: II. Hos. 4: 7. 
 
 2. used absolutely, to undergo 
 change, to suffer alteration. Ps. 15: 
 4 he swears ^J^"^ i^^') and. changes not, 
 i. e. breaks not Ins" oath. 46 : 3 ^"'b 
 y-i^ ^""^ili w\"l*^: we will not fear, 
 though the earth change ; (comp. 102: 
 27.) In .Ter, 2:11, we tind n^/^^n 
 
 for 'I'^y^ri. 
 
 Niph.'S/^:, (as if from 'Itl^O lo 
 be altered. .Jer. 48: 11. 
 Deriv. M'^l^n. 
 
 ^^'ll'^ m. verbal from i^'i^, dec. II. b. 
 
 1. fear. Gen. 9: 2 DlD^jSni^ the 
 fear of you. Deut. 11: 25. Mai. 1:6. 
 
 2. the object of fear or reverence. 
 Is. 8:12, 13. Ps. 76: 12. 
 
 3. 
 derfu 
 21. Plur. D^^i^iX) Dent. 4: 34. 
 
 1. n descent, declivily. Josh. 7: 5. 
 10: 11. 
 
 2. 1 K. 7:29 ^nV2 ^^'2 work 
 hanging doivn, festoons. 
 
 the neighbourhood of Eleuthero- 
 polis, the birth place of the proph- 
 et MiCfih. The gentile noun is 
 \7^ni72, Mic. 1: 1. Jer. 26: 18. 
 
ni^ 
 
 351 
 
 nw 
 
 I. 123^^ I. to depart. Num. 11: 44. 
 Josh. 1: 8. 
 
 2. causat. to put away^ to remove. 
 Zech. 3: 9. 
 
 Hi ph. 1. as in Kal no. 1. to de- 
 part, cease. Ex. 13:22. Jer. 17: 8 
 
 7io< cease from yielding fruit. 
 
 2. causat. as in Kai no. 2. to re- 
 move^ withdrazv. Mic. 2: 3, 4. 
 
 3. to let escape. Nah. 3: 1. 
 
 II. 'Cv2 i. q. uiuiTD to feel, touch. Gen. 
 
 27:21. 
 
 ^'0153 m. verbal from iuj"', dec. II. b. 
 
 1. rt 5<'ai, stool, 1 Sam.'^O: 18, 25. 
 
 2. a company or circ/e o/* persons 
 sifting together, consessus. Ps. 1 : 1. 
 107: 32. 
 
 3. a habitation. Gen. 27 : 39. 
 S'iii!^~n'^2 a dwelling house^ Lev. 
 2o: 29. Hence (1.) the lime of dwell- 
 ing. Ex. 12: 40. (2.) as a concrete, 
 people dwelling together. 2 ^'^'am. 9: 
 12 i<nii2 rr^Z nu3^72-^3 all that 
 dwell in. the house ofZiha. 
 
 4. the situation io[ -d c'lly.^ 2 K.2: 
 19. 
 
 nilDcDI/3 fem.plur. dec.VIl. a. bands, 
 fetters. Job 38: 31. (Arab. 2J.>^m\/<? 
 
 compes, from ^^a.m\/o fo Ao/cZ, to hold 
 fast.) 
 
 r!l^i23l/3 plur. fem. verbal from 2?T2i;i, 
 deliverance, salvation. Ps. 68:21. 
 
 D'T^ , pret. nt), -"n^. 
 
 1. ro die." 1 Sam. 25:37 n72*'l 
 iz'^p^n 12^ then died his heart -with- 
 iti hitn. Comp. ^t'^n. Gen. 45: 27. 
 Judg. 15: 19. Part. n^. a dead 
 man, a corpse, also, as au epicene, 
 for the corpse of a woman. Gen. 23: 
 4. (So in German, ein Kranker, ein 
 Todter.) Spoken of inanimate na- 
 ture. Job 14: 8. hence Gen. 47 : 19 
 'wherefore should we die, we and our 
 land? Comp. ^^n Ps. 78:47. and 
 Bocharti Hieroz. P. I. p. 1. 
 
 2. to perish, be destroyed, spoken 
 of a state, Am, 2:2. to become wretch- 
 
 ed or unfortunate, Prov. 15:10. Hos. 
 13:1. See n^;2. 
 
 Pil. nni/2 and Hiph. ti^Jqn to kill, 
 slay. (More frequently in Hiph.) 1 
 Sam. 14: 13. 2 Sam. 1:16. Judg.l6: 
 30. Part. d"'r)7373 the destroyers^ 
 prob. the angels of deaths Job 33:22. 
 
 Hoph. nionn to be killed. Deut. 
 21:22. 1 Sam. 19: 11. 
 
 Deriv. out of course ri^72 , 
 
 nl'D m. with Si paragogic Inni^^Sl Ps. 
 IIG: 15. const. ni72, plur. QT)T^ 
 Ezek. 28: 10. verbal from n^12, dec. 
 VI. e. 
 
 1. death. nl^ "^^3 deadly wea- 
 pons, Ps. 7: 14. ni?3 ]tl ^0 ^^^^P 
 the sleep of death,Vs. 13: 4. ni73"1^. 
 and r\y2 W'^ii one condemned to die, 
 1 K. 2:' 2G. 2 Sam. 19 : 28. Some- 
 times death is personified, as in Ps. 
 49:15. 
 
 2. the region of the dead, the sub- 
 terranean world, hades. Job 28: 22. 
 n^73~''n3?*^ the gates of hades, Ps. 9: 
 14. n?.;^-'^n'in the chambers of ha- 
 des, Prov. 7:27. 
 
 3. adversity, ruin, destruction. Id 
 opposition to G'^'^^n prosperity, hap- 
 piness. Protr. 11: 19. 12: 28. 
 
 4. pestilence. Jer. 15: 2. 18: 21. 
 43: 11. Job 27:15. Comp. r^i/aTOff, 
 Rev. 6:8. 18:8. Chald. i^r)hl2 pest- 
 ilence, and the Heb. ^i".. 
 
 r\'M2 Chald. idem. Ezra 7: 26. 
 
 "^n^a m. verbal from in*^, dec. Il.b. 
 
 1. preeminence. Ecc. 3: 19, 
 
 2. abundance. Prov. 14:23. 21:5. 
 
 niZlT^^ m. const, nst^, pl"r. ninz\J2, 
 verbal from n^t, dec. VII. d. an al- 
 tar. Jin2T72r]t upon the altar, Lev. 
 1:9, 13,V5i 2 Chr. 29: 22. nzl72 
 nbl^n the altar of burnt-offering, 
 Ex. 30: 28. also called n'sinsri n2T?3 
 the brazen altar, in front of the tem- 
 ple or tabernacle, in the open air, 
 Ex. 39: 39. nnbjvn HzfL the al- 
 tar of incense, also called the golden; 
 
bll2 352 nt^ 
 
 1 k'?- 48^^ sanctuary, Ex. 30: 27. ^^^^^^ ^ ^^^^^ ^^,^ -^ tj^^ pl,,^^ 
 
 ^ ^ ' . * . . . ni^M^ dec. XI. b. idem. Ex. 27: 
 
 -SJ/J m. mixed wine, spiced wine. Cant. o J/' \y 
 
 7:3. (Root. :^T73 , in Arab, and A- ^^^.y^ , , , v 
 
 ram. to mix.) Comp. ^D^. ' *^t", ^- verbal from n?Dt, dec. X. 
 
 -*in 1 1 IV I r 1 1 1- a ihoutrht. Pfi. \0: 4. Particu- 
 
 iImJ m. adi. dec. IX. b. louncl only i i ; j t^k 
 
 V T J "^ larly a juton, purpose, device, Job 
 
 Deut. 32: 24 n>'-> "^T?2 exhausted or 42: 2. Most frequently in a bad 
 
 consumed by hunger. Comp. the sense, Ps. 10: 2. 21:12. 37:7. Jer. 
 
 kindred roots 112^72, '{'-^72, Arab. 23: 20. 
 
 '^172 to suck. ^ ' ' 2. as a quality of mind, wisdom, 
 
 iTa m. plur. D^lTa, dec. VI. a. i. q. t'^'l'"": P^-/^ * ^^^l- ^- 2- 8: 
 
 * '/ ,^ , , 12. Also m a bad sense, crn/f, ma- 
 
 ^?ip^ a corner. Once Ps. 144:13. Udousness, Prov. 12:2 ni73Tt3 -^5^^ a 
 
 HT^T^^ f. dec. X. a door-post. Ex. 12: cnx//i/ man. 14: 17. niTSp. ^^2 
 
 7. 21:6. Deut. 6: 9. Root perhaps idem, 24: 8. 
 
 1^'; to move, because the door-post 3. wickedness. Job 21:27. Ps.l39: 
 
 is that on which the door turns or 20. 
 
 is moved, h^wiia*^ 1 1 r rt 
 
 . ^ n^/2Ta m. verbal from 173t no. II. 
 
 ]1)12 m. verbal from 'j:iT,/oo(/. Gen. ^^^ { ^ ^^^^^^ q^,^ j the super- 
 
 45: 23. scrij)tions of the Psalms, e. g. Ps. 
 
 VlT^ Chald. idem. Dan. 4: 9. [4: 12.] /" ^v- v. vi. viii. ix.etc 
 
 T *^^-iM^ , , r. ^,^ , , ni"l/3"^ plur. fem. verbal from ^?JT 
 
 J. 1 ly/J m. verbal from ^IT no. I. dec. .- : * 
 
 III. a. literally the bandage of a "o. I. knives or rather snuffers, as 
 wound, hence the wound itself. Hos. appertenances of the candlestick. 
 5: 13. Metaphorically Jer. 30: 13. 1 K- 7: 50. 2 K. 12: 14. Jer. 52: 18. 
 
 n. "IIT'O m. a snare, insidice. Obad. '^"l?.".^ ^- verbal from -i^T no. I. 
 7. So Sept. Vul<?. Chald. Syr. Root dec." XI. b. a pruning-knife. Is. 2: 4. 
 
 ./^ "^ t, 18:5. Joel 4: 10. [3: 10.1 
 
 IHT no H. see in Arab. rIA /o lie, _,w 
 
 , / A 1* iL !* ]>^T/U adv. a little, in small quantity 
 
 to deceive. Accordmsf to others, lit- ^ .. ** "* ' 'i y 
 
 er. a net, from ^T73 in Aram, to or number. Is. 10:25. 29: 17. 24: 
 
 stretch out. 6. (Root "n^'T Chald. to 6c small or 
 
 nT:2 Ps. 109: 19. Is. 23:10. and /^^^ ; comp. in Heb. -^-^S^.T.) 
 
 n^T^. m. Job 12:31. a girdle. The '^"""^.P. P^"^' J^b 37:9. in opposition 
 
 etymology is unknown. *^ '^^^ '^^ ^o"^^*' ^^^^e prob. the 
 
 north, or some northern star. Vulg. 
 
 riV'l^ fem. plur. 2 K. 23: 5. f/ie con- Arcturus. Sept. d'AQWirjOicc (perhaps 
 
 steilations of the zodiac. (In Chald. uq'atmu, ag-Axov^og.) Chald. yencs- 
 
 and Rabbin, idem, also a lucky star. tr(B %0)V Mesarim. According to 
 
 ^ t " Kimchi : {yenli) dispergentes, i. e. 
 
 In Arab. Jy:A/<? a house, dwelling. northwinds. According to others, 
 
 The Arabia^ns call the zodiac the i-q-^ninT^ 38: 32. 
 
 circle of palaces, i.e. the twelve pala- nTniQ plur. fem. Job 38 : 32. prob. 
 
 ces in which the sun dwells.) See i.q.'nilrT^ (seethe letter ':?) the con- 
 
 ^ 't-* steilations of the zodiac. Sept. ^u- 
 
 -^?.".^ m. a flesh-hook, a flesh-fork. 1 CovQO}{t. Chald. i<*M?3. Vulg. luci- 
 
 Sam. 2:13, 14. The etymology is fer. Others: northern crown; 
 
 uncertain. (comp. ^j.:.) 
 
ana 
 
 353 
 
 nm 
 
 n^lTlS m. verbal from tr^t, a win- 
 nowingfan or shovel. Is. 30: 24. 
 Jer. 15:7. 
 
 niT^ m. verbal from tT^.T, dec. II. 
 
 -r ; -t' 
 
 b. the sun-risings the east. Ps. 103: 
 12, Towards the east is expressed by 
 riyJ2, Neh. J 2:37. by Ui^.^n nnT??, 
 Deut. 4: 47. by rjn-jT72, Ex. 27: is. 
 and by ':3^u3 1l'n^]'n, Deut. 4: 41. 
 lln'^'^'; TTlTTa oai the east of Jericho, 
 Josh.'4: 19. 
 
 5?'1T/2 m. verbal from iJ'^t, a sown 
 Jield^ standing corn. Is. 19: 7. 
 
 p'lT'Q m. plur. |D"^_. and n*!-, verbal 
 from pnr, dec. II. b. liter, a vessel 
 used for sprinkling ; bence a large 
 dish, Num. 7: 13, 19 ff. a basin., Ex. 
 38: 3. Num. 4: 14. a drinking ves- 
 sel, Am. 6: 6. 
 
 riQ m. adj. (Root ntl^ in Arab. conj. 
 IV. to be full of marrow^ spoken of 
 bones ; to befat^ spoken of sheep.) 
 dec. I. 
 
 1 . fat, particularly a fat sheep. 
 Ps. 66: 15. 
 
 2. rich, opulent, like )t^i. Is.5:17. 
 
 TVO m. verbal from the same root, 
 marrow. Job 21 : 24. (Arab, and 
 Aram, idem.) 
 
 I^rlu i. q. Aram. iiTl2 to smite togeth- 
 er, to clap. Ps. 98: 8 -^JtHT:"; ninn3 
 p]D let the streams clap their hands, 
 i. e. rejoice. Is. 55: 12. 
 
 Pi. idem, with n\ Ezek. 25 : 6. 
 
 >^n'2 Chaid. to smite. Dan. 2:34, 35. 
 
 Part. a^rVD Dan. 5: 19, better 
 
 SiTjyz part. Aph. of N'^n to keep 
 
 alive. 
 
 mt Pa. i<TV2 idem. To smite on the 
 
 mf' hand, for to restrain, hinder, Dan. 4: 
 
 1 32. [4 : 35.] (So in Talmud, and 
 
 1 Arab.) 
 
 t Ithpe. to be fastened or nailed. 
 
 fc Ezra 6: 11. 
 
 ^^^?.D.^ m. verbal from i^itl, a hiding- 
 ^B place^ a lurking-place. Is. 32: 2, 
 
 0*^1^2 n*!!] masc. plur. verbal from 
 J^m, dec. I. idem, 1 Sam. 23: 23. 
 
 r'nSniQ f. verbal from ^i^n no. I. 
 dec. XIII. a. the place of joining, the 
 juncture ; e. g. of the parts of the 
 curtain, Ex. 26 : 4, 5. of the front 
 and hinder parts of the ephod, Ex. 
 28: 27. 39: 20. 
 
 mnSn^ fern. plur. verbal from 
 
 iT beams, so called from their 
 binding the parts of the house to- 
 gether. 2 Chr. 34: 11. 
 
 2. iron hooks. 1 Chr. 22: 3. 
 
 r\ynp_ {. (a contraction of nriariig, 
 as nnUJa of nnn\^73 ;) a frying or 
 baking pan. Lev. 2 : 6. Ezek. 4: 3. 
 
 See D'^nnn. 
 
 ITliin^ f. verbal from ^^n, a gir- 
 die. *Is. 3: 24. 
 
 1. T\T\u 1. to wipe off, to wash out, 
 Num. 5 : 23. E. g. to wipe away 
 tears, Is. 25 : 8. to wipe the mouth, 
 Prov. 30 : 20. to blot out or erase 
 from a book, Ex. 32: 32, 33. to blot 
 out sin, i. e. to pardon it, Ps. 51: 3, 
 11. Is. 43: 25. 44: 22. 
 
 2. to destroy, (a people, a state.) 
 The origin of this signification is 
 seen 2 K. 21 : 13 / will wipe, i. e. 
 destroy, Jerusalem, as one wipeth a 
 dish; he wipeth it and turneth it up- 
 side down. Gen. 6: 7. 7: 4. To de- 
 stroy the name or remembrance of 
 any one, Ex. 17: 14. Deut. 9: 14. 
 
 Niph. flit. apoc. n72^ for tT73*;, 
 pass, of Kal, especially of no. 2. to 
 be destroyed. Ezek. 6 : 6. Judg. 21 ; 
 17. Spoken ofQ'tli the name or mem- 
 ory of any one, Deut. 25: 6. 
 
 Hiph. i. q. Kal. fut. apoc. t^J2T^ 
 Neb. 13: 14. Jer. 18:23.-Prov. 31: 
 3]'i^b nin^b '^"'^'^ll usually ren- 
 dered : and {give not) thy ways to 
 destroy kings, as a caution against a 
 fondness for war. Better : to thi 
 destroyers of kings, i. e, to harlots; 
 as if nin^ were the fem. plur. of 
 an adj. tin.^. Others derive th.Q 
 
^nt) 354 hni2 
 
 same signification from a chant^e in 1. price. Prov. 17:16. 2*7 : 26. 
 
 the vowel points, )'^^h'D ninbb. "^'^H^^ for a price^ for money^ 2 
 
 II. nn^ i. q. i^n^ to strike, (as a Sam.' 24 : 24. ^^'H^n i<"b without 
 
 geographical fine,) to reach to, price, i. q. DSn, Is. 45: 13. 55: 1. 
 pertinere ad; construed with H'- 2. a reward. Mic. 3 : 11. Deut. 
 
 Deut. 34:11. Deriv. "^H^. " 23:28. 
 
 Sn^^^n^ f. verhnl from :^^n, a compass, Sl^H'^ m. verbal from nbn no. I. 
 an instrument for drawing circles, h. dec. IX. a. sickness^ disease. ProT. 
 44: 13. 18: 14. 2 Chron. 21 : 15. 
 
 Tin/3 m. dec. III. a. the seacoast. Once n'^H'D f. verbal from flbVi no. I. idem. 
 VsJlOl : 30. (In Chald.%VZem, also Ex.'l5 : 20. 
 
 A f aXa ^ ; riVn^ f. see uVin^ . 
 a country. Aicib.j\*,^ border, side., -^ t : 
 
 country. The ancient versions ren- ^fl ^ Fl^^ m. a gentile noun, a Mehol- 
 der it, haven.) athite, an inhabitant of nbh?2-bnN 
 
 /in^ m. verbal from b^H, dec. HI. Abel-meholah, q. v. 1 Sam. 18: 19. 
 a. u circular dance, a dance. Ps. 30: 2 Sam. 21:8. 
 12 149:, 3. 150:4 See the verb, ^1^^^ ^ verbal from bVn, dec. X. 
 Kal no. 3. and Piiel no. 1. - / : t ^ .^ ~ ' 
 
 n""j l/J or i-nu f. verbal from ^^hL^^-s , , , r i 
 
 r , xr"-,* ^ . ro ^ ^M^masc. plur. verbal from Inpn, 
 
 , b^n, dec. X. idem. Cant. 7: 1. [G : ',''-' r / - ' 
 
 13.J Plur. Ex. 15: 20. sicknesses. 2 Chr. 24: 2d. 
 
 ntn^ m. verbal from mn, dec. IX. ^1^.^,^- '^' ^^^- "' ^>- ^^'/^' ^'''f' 
 a.'a .%A^ -umon. Gen. iV: 1. Num. for/aying victims. Ezra 1: 9. (Syr. 
 24: 4, 16. V^^->J ^ Rabbin. 51^':?n ic^caw.) 
 
 "^!03 ^* ''^'^''^ ^''^'^ ^H' " ^**^o^- nii:Vn^_ plur. fem. dec. II. b. Judg. 
 
 1 K. 7: 4, 5. 16:^3, 19. braided locks or tufts of 
 
 "^n^ m. verbal from nn^ no. II. dec. hair, (The sense of braiding is al- 
 
 Vi. a smiting. Ezek. 26: 9 ^bnp "^n^: ^'^d to that of changing, which is 
 
 ^. , , . ''" ' found in the Piel and Hiphil of the 
 
 Chald. percussio tormentorum suo- ^ . 
 
 ruin^ which rendering makes b^p ^t , >> 
 
 orbnp the name for an engine used HI-SVPI/J plur. fem. costly garments, 
 in sieges. Others make the whole ^^ 3.-^2^ ^ech. 3: 4. Root Vbn i. 
 phrase, {percussio rex opposiloe,) to . . , l z'. \ 
 
 denote a battering-ram. "^ ' <i- Arab, sin J^ (by a commuta- 
 
 n-^na r. verbal from n^r, dec. X. "" ^ ^ -'" ^'^ ^" =>) j," ,'''*' 
 
 1. the preservation of life. Gen. a cos<Z</ manner; hence, 2^*a3- a co5i- 
 45: 5. 2 Chr. 14: 12. Ezra 9: 8, 9. ly garment, a kaftan. See N. G. 
 
 2. means of living, support. Judg. SchrcWer De Vestitu MuUerum 
 
 6 : 4. Heb. p. 206225. 
 
 3. 
 Lev, 
 
 . prob. a si<rn, mark, indication. ^Ip'^Utl f. with suff. inpbnTS, plur. 
 
 '. 13: 10 ^-^2 'n n^n^ an in- 'v^ " r -"- '^^ 
 
 ... ^ ^ "^ 'i "Vr ' oi rnpbn^, verbal irom p^n, dec. 
 
 dtcation of raw flesh. Verse 24 I -. . -' - ' 
 
 STir)73rr-n'^nX3 nn-^m and i^ere ^^J^- ^- , ,. . 
 
 /^j/V" ' '7 ri^'"'- 1- smoothness, hence a slipping 
 
 shall be a mark of burning. . o *u ;.^ 
 
 ^ away, an escaping. 00 m trie pro- 
 
 n'^riQ m. dec. I. (prob. kindred with per name nipbn72ln 5>bD Sela-ham- 
 
 15^ to sell, and "^TVD to buy.) maklekoth, 1 Sam. 23: 28. 
 
 \ 
 
mt' 355 yn^ 
 
 2. a division, class ; spoken par- army, or of a Nomadic tribe, cas- 
 
 ticularly of the division of the Le- tra. Gen. 32: 8. 33: 8. Ex. 16: 13. 
 
 vites and priests into 24 courses, 2. a ^o*<, orm?/, Ex. 14: 24. Judg". 
 
 {ig?7]liia'^iah hXi^qoi,.) 1 Chr. 27 : 1 4: 16. a multitude or company of 
 
 fi". 2 Chr. 8: 14. 31: 2. 35: 4. men generally, Gen. 50:9. an army 
 
 rhUl2 Ps. 53: 1. 88: 1. prob. i. q. or .t.rm (of locusts,) Joel 2: 11 
 
 --ir ,,, ^, ^ ^ . ^ Dual d-^Dn;: Cant. 7: 1. [6: 13.] 
 
 Ethiop. mahhlet, mOuou, Others: _,, '-/_ ^^ .^ to i 
 
 a pz>e, i. q. n'-^. P'"^' ^'^'^i'? ^""'^ ^^ ^ ^^^ '"^ 
 
 ^u^y^^iM* , 'r*'' / 1 1 T^ T\^':r^i2.r'^7\^ irnzr\i2 the courts m 
 
 niXUn/J plur. fem. found only Ps. ,.*;', T ^ -- ,,77 
 
 's'" . , ' . whick the priests of Jenovan loaeed. 
 
 55:ii;2 T^B niN^an^ ^pbr, accordmg 2 Chr. 31:2 
 
 to this punctuation, smooth are the i- .^--b-.i^ , , /. r. \ 1 
 
 milky words of his mouth, as if ^N^^HTi I i ' '?* A? (^^^' ^"^^Z' ^/^") ^ P''''^^ 
 
 were a denom. from n.N72n. But"it near Kirjath-jearim in the tribe of 
 
 would better suit the parallelism, ^J"^''^- Judg. 18: 12. 
 
 to read with Kimchi and others i2']3n'2 (^two hosts of angels ; see 
 
 nifi}n73, his mouth is smoother than 'qqI^ 32: 2.) proper name of a city 
 
 cream or butter. beyond Jordan, in the tribe of Gad, 
 
 ^^n^ m. plur. d^-^n^, verbal from "^'^^ the tnbe of Manasseh as- 
 
 ' ~ \Tiu '" Signed to the Levites. Josh. 13: 
 
 n^n, dec. VLl. a. ^ 2^^ 3^3^ 21: 36. 2 Sam. 2: 8, 12, 29. 
 
 1. desire, object of desire. 'llOH^a 17:24,27. 1 K. 2: 8. 4:14. 
 
 Tl-'^-jj what thine eyes desire. 1 K. p^p^ ^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^ _ 
 
 Of), fi ":!' - T -5 
 
 , ,, , ling, also ^eai/i generally, parallel 
 
 2. pleasantness, agreeableness, love- ^ith rT'T: Job 7- 15 
 liness. Cant. 5:16. Hos.9:lG '-)2n^ .--^-y^ "' '* 
 
 r:z^^ the beloved of their womb^l"e.'''-.^'^P-'^' ^'^^^ "^- '^^.^ ' ^^^- 
 
 their* most beloved offspring. ^f^ a\c^^^1> re7u e '^Is"** r'' 
 
 3* costliness, precious thinprs. ls.64: *^'*^ii i/?^"*n o 1 "^ i* t L* ^i 
 
 10. Joel 4:5. [3:5.] 2 Chr 36: 19. 4. Ps 104: 18 Spoken of Jehovah, 
 
 ^ '- Ps. 62: 9. 46: 2. 61:4. Joel 4: 16. 
 
 ^ 'Ipn/J m. verbal from n^n ,prc- [3; iQj Ps. 71: 7. 
 
 cious 'things. Lam. 1: 7, 10. ClDn^ m. verbal from DDn, a 6a*- 
 
 ^anp m. dec. II. b. Ezek. 24: 21 ket or muzzle for the rnouth! ?s.S9:2. 
 CD-iJSS ir^n73 f/iai t^/iic/i your soul ^^OTtU m. (plur. Prov. 24: 34.) ver- 
 desires or loves. The root i:?:n to bal 'from ^Dn, dec. I. want. -^3 
 pif2/i may here have the kindred ^^^crt^ every want of thine. 
 sense of love, affection, and be sy- , *'j \7. nn. tt j i, i ^ 1 
 
 iir_ o -MToo Judg. 19: 20. Used absolutely, pov- 
 
 nonymous with ^73n. Some MSS. . j- r> 00 orr d 
 
 -^ -,T erf V, ^na^^ence, Prov. 28: 27. Prov. 
 
 read ^?:n^. But -n is in Arab. ^U \1 -\'-)^r:J2 tJ-'N a man of pover- 
 i. q. .N^:. and joined with i:^; signi- ^^^ j ^^ ^ poor man. 
 
 fies desiderio ftrri ad aliauam rem : ^tpi-r'n ^ . ; . ^ ^l 
 
 , ., ij u '41 Yn3 1. to 5.7aA:c or flo-ifa^e : e. g. the 
 
 whece it would be exactly sy- -, ^ > o 
 
 nonymous with -^lic: i^'JSlQ in verse foot in blood. Ps. 68: 24. 
 
 25. " ^ ~ 2. fo 6rcaA; or smite in pieces, e.g. 
 
 ^^^y^_y, - , , . ^ the head of any one, Ps. 68 : 22. 
 
 I^S,U^Uf. verbal from yn, any jj^.g ^he loins, Deut. 33 : 11. 
 
 thing leavened. Ex. 12: 19, 20. Metaphorically Job 26 : 12 by his 
 
 T]2n)2 m. (fern. Gen. 32: 9.) verbal wisdom he smiteih the haughtiness {of 
 
 from ri3n, dec. IX.a. ^^' ''^) 
 
 1. an Incampment, either of an Y*^^ ' the place smitten, stroke. Is. 
 
 30726. 
 
nnn 
 
 356 
 
 .SD53 
 
 ^T.n ^' verbal from ::5)n, a hewing, 
 h:in^ -^2^^ hewn stones. 2K. 12: 
 13. 22:6. 
 
 ^^TO f. verbal from n2{n, dec. IX. 
 a.'i/ie half. Num. 31: 36, 43. 
 
 n'^Sn^ f. verbal from Ji2n, dec. I. 
 \'.\hehalf. Ex.30: 13^ 
 2. i^e middle. Neh. 8: 3. 
 
 pri53 <o 5mYe. Judg. 5: 26. In Arab. 
 
 >>> 
 
 L-X.2C1^ io destroy, 
 
 *lj<n^, m. verbal from 'nj^rt, dec. II. 
 b. wAai w searched into^ the inmost 
 part, i. q. ^j:ri no. 2. Ps. 95: 4. 
 
 *int3 siibst. and adv. 
 
 1. to-morrow., on the morrow. 
 ^ntjb idem., Num. 11 : 18. m'S 
 nniO to-morrow about this time., 1 K. 
 19: 2. or more fully, m;3 *^n:2 
 MNTri, Josh. 11: 6. ^n^ ny3 
 jn*U3''^'*DJl about this time to morrow 
 (^or) the day after to-morrow, 1 Sam. 
 20: 12. 
 
 2. in future, in time to come. Ex. 
 13:14. Josh. 4:6, 21. ^niz h'^^Z 
 idem, Gen. 30: 33. Comp. rrnri^. 
 
 ili^'in^ f. a sink, privy. 2 K. 10: 27 
 KethVb. See D'^i^nn. 
 
 nrJnn'a and nipnh^f l Sam.lS: 
 20. the names of two different cut- 
 ting instruments, one of which is 
 prob. a ploughshare, (from Z'^U no. 
 3.) but the other, some cutting 
 tool, (from uj^n no. I.) The 
 plur. nrzi'iniQ verle 21. appears to 
 embrace both the above mention- 
 ed instruments, at least it stands in 
 the place of both. 
 
 nin'Q f. const, n^n^. the morrow, 
 
 T t: f ^ - t: t' ' 
 
 the following day ; comp. *nri?3. 
 Joined with t:i"> Num. 11:32. but 
 elsewhere without it. D^^riTab on 
 the morrow, Jon. 4: 7. n'^r!73;o idem, 
 Gen. 19:34. Ex. 9 : 6. With a 
 genitive following, like the French 
 Jendemain^ Lev. 23:11. 15 : 16 
 
 sabbath. Num. 33: 3. 1 Sam. 20: 27. 
 --t:nnn?2 1 Sam. 30 : 17. perhaps 
 with an adverbial termination, like 
 
 T 
 
 f]iDri53 m. verbal from p]'>pn, a place 
 stripped or made bare, a streak. Gen. 
 30 : 37. 
 
 nn-vun^ and nnirin^ f. piur. 
 
 mn-^n53, const, nis^n^, verbal 
 fromn-d^n. 
 
 1. mew, design. 2 Sam. 14: 14. 
 
 2. project, plan, device. Job 5:12. 
 Prov. 12:5. Particularly an evil 
 device, with and without the addi- 
 tion of y^, Est. 8 : 3, 5. 9 : 25. E- 
 zek. 38:l0. 
 
 3. cunning or mechanical work. 
 Ex. 31: 4. 35: 33, 35. 
 
 '^^n^ m. verbal from r|u;n, dec. 
 Vlil. a. darkness. Is. 29: 15. Ps. 
 88: 19 *^U;nD '^^'^^^72 mine acquaint- 
 ance are (in) darkness, i. e. invisible 
 to me. Plur. a''3'i?n?3 dark places, 
 Ps. 88 : 7. 74 : 20 Y^^-'Sl^n^ the 
 lurking places of the country. Par- 
 ticularly hades, Ps. 143: 3. 
 
 nrn^ f verbal from Jinn, dec. X. 
 
 1. a coal-pan, a fire-pan. Ex. 27: 
 3. 38 : 3. Perhaps in the form of 
 a tire-shovel, comp. Num. 16 : 6 ff. 
 
 2. prob. small tongs or snuffers. 
 Ex. 25: 38. 37: 23. 
 
 iHrint] f. verbal from nnn, dec. X. 
 liter, a breaking in pieces ; hence 
 
 1. destruction^ Prov. 10: 14. 13: 
 3. 18: 7. Jer. 17: 17. something de- 
 stroyed, ruins, Ps. 89: 40. 
 
 2. discouragement, consternation. 
 Prov. 10: 15. See the root, signif. 
 no. 2. 
 
 3. terrour. Prov. 10: 29. 21: 15^ 
 Is.54:l4. (See nnr Niph. Pi. Hiph.) 
 
 nnriri^ f verbal from nnn, a break- 
 ing through or in, as of a thief. Ex. 
 22: 1. Jer. 2: 34. 
 
 iKD'a, hI:^ Chald.l. <ocomcamrr 
 Dan. 7: 22.' 
 
nr::a 357 -id^d 
 
 2. to come to any person or pjace. deeds, i. e. less than they deserve. 
 Dan. 6: 24, 25. 7: 13. . (2.) ntSttVlQ beneath, Ex. 26 : 24. 
 
 3. to reach. Dan. 4: 8, 17, 19. [4: 27: 6. " ' * 
 
 11, 20, 22.] ;-;jlj^ f- ^gj.|3^, from nt:2, as in Greek 
 
 4. to come upon or 6e/a/ any one, ', ; , , .^' v 
 construed with bi^. Dan. 4 : 21, 25. *^\*'^ ^^5^';" ^^^'^^ {^^^j;- ^ 
 f 4- 24 28 1 ^- ^^-Gen. 47: 31. 
 
 Note. This verb is etymolo-i- 2. a ca.Ajon, to sit upon at meals, 
 
 cally connected with the Heb. tiiiz, ^f ^'' ^' ^zek 23: 41 a couch, 
 
 , /,. ./. . ._ ^. "' 5o/a, generally, Am. 3: 12. b: 4. 
 
 but^differs from it in signification. -^3 ^ por<a6/e 6erf, /iner, sedan, 
 
 i^pNlU^ m. a besom, broom ; see Cant. 3: 7. 
 
 ^{"o^^'J. 
 
 4. a tier. 2 Sam. 3:31. 
 
 --*,..iy* ^ , , ntO'Q} Hi^/3, plur. n% verbal from 
 
 n Ju/J m. from n^t:, a slaughter, over- :'''- 7 \ ^^, 
 " : ~ , - ^ -^ ' the Pual ot fit::. 
 
 throw. Is. 14: 21. , , ."' too 
 
 1. a stretching out. Is. 8: 8. 
 
 ilii^a m. (fern. Mic. 6 : 9.) Plur. ni-, 2. a bending or perversion of jus- 
 
 once D"*- Hab. 3:15. verbal from tice. Ezek. 9: 9. 
 
 ritil to stretch out, InNiph. to extend ^y^)2 m.yerh^il from -nu, same- 
 zfse//; comp. n-*2;''t:3 from ^t:; ; dec. :. r ot ot 
 
 1^ -^Z * ^ -' </iig spin. Ex. 35: 25. 
 
 1. a bough, branch. Ezek. 19: 11 ff. ^^^'2. m. a forged or "wrought bar of 
 
 2. a naff, stick, rod. Ex. 4:2. iron. Once Job 40: 18. Root ^13)3 
 lDnb-nt3?3 nl'^ io break the staff of ^r^b. to work, to forge, particuiar- 
 bread, 1. e. to cause a famine, since ly iron. 
 
 bread is said by the Hebrews to -j'^lQ-j^Q plur. CD^:7:t:, verbal from 
 support the heart, (comp. *iyo,) ' * ~, . "a' 
 
 ^r-f if irM''V^'-/'r'i ' ' ^'^- Zi^e^^<^y tkingis buri- 
 16 5: 16. 14: 12.-.Part{cularly a ^^ Particularly a subterranean gran- 
 rod of correction. Is. 9:3 i^DiiJ rtBTa Jer. 41-8. 
 the rod for his back, 10:5,24. Nab. 2. a subterranean treasure, Prov. 
 1: 13. Ezek. 7: 10. Hence punish- 2: 4. Job 3. 21. a treasure general- 
 ment, Mic. 6: 9. \y^ Gen. 43: 23. 
 
 3. a tribe of the Israelites, (comp. ^^y^y^ . , r 
 
 *35.U3;) e. g. "^ib. T\^p the tribe of ^^^ - verbal from 5^135 dec. I. and 
 hlvi, Num. 1:*'49. "a'lso "32 rtI3?a "' P^^^^^H- Ezek. 17: 7. 34: 29. 
 ln'4^5^ f^e rri6e 0/ the children of ^'^ID^D^ masc. plur. Gen. 27: 4 ff. 
 Mannasseh, Josh. 13: 29. - "^N^i ^^^ Hi^ronfem. plur.Prov. 23:3, 
 ri-IB72ri tAe ^ea(f5 0/ <Ae tribes, 1 K. g ^^^^als fVom d^t:, rfazn^m, sa- 
 
 ' * , ... voury meats. 
 
 4. perhaps an arrow, javehn, ^^^^^ 
 
 (like Lat. hasta.) Hab. 3: 9, 14. nnEuIj f verbal from nst: , dec. 
 
 5. an inclining or sinking down- Xlll! m. Ruth 3: 15. Plur. ninCtD^ 
 wards, a low or c/eep place. Hence, is. 3:22. a wide garment for women. 
 with He local, nr273 an adv. rfotajn, m.m^^ i t^ 1 x j 
 rfoz;nzi;arris, te/icat^ Deut. 28: 43. ^-H ^^ '^^^^' ^ ^'^^ "* "^^' ' 
 Prov. 15:24. With prepositions, Hiph. n'^U^tl to cause to rain, 
 (1.) niS^b (a.) downwards. Ecc. 3: Gen. 7 : 4. Applied also to the 
 21. (h.jleneath, below. 2 K. 19:30. sending of hail, Ex. 9:23. lightning, 
 (c.) under, below. 1 Chr. 27:23. Ps. 11:6. manna, Ex. 16: 4. Ps. 78: 
 
 from twenty years old and under, (d.) 24. (In Syr. Chald. and Arab, idem.) 
 less than, Ezr3i 9: 13 below our mis- Niph. to be rained upon. Am. 4:7- 
 
s*^^ 
 
 358 
 
 Y^n 
 
 God. He was the particular pa- 
 tron of the Jewish people. Dan. 10: 
 13,21. 12: 1. 
 
 niD'^/2 Micah, proper name of a 
 prophet. U is a contraction of 
 ^ItT^lD'^n (who is as Jekovah,) Mic. 
 2. aitn^mark^ object^ SCOPUS, i^from 1: 1. 
 *^t2: Arab, to see, like oaonog from ^^n^ l.masc. 2 Sam.l7:20 DViil b^*^^ 
 oxemof^a^.) I 3an 20: 20. Job IG: ; ; ^^^^ ^^^^ ^ ' - '^^T j^; 
 
 12. Also with the Aramean orthog- ^^ ^^^^ ^.^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^;^j^^^ ^^. ^ 
 
 nt^/3 m. plur. const. nT"\t:tt, verbal 
 from ^t:tt, dec. IV. a. rain. Ex. 9: 
 33. Job 37: 6. 
 
 il"lt;^'D f. verbal from ^U:. 
 
 ' 1. a priwn. Neh. 3:25.' 12: 39. 
 
 ] 
 
 raphy K'^t:^, Lara. 3:12. 
 
 ^*D an interrogative pronoun. 
 
 1. who? Asa genitive, '^^"na 
 whose daughter? Gen. 24 : 23. 
 Judg. 21:8 irNl^r^ "^^^^ "1^^- ""^ 
 
 well. 
 
 2. fem. Alichal, proper name of 
 a daughter of Saul, and wife of Da- 
 vid. 1 Sam. 14:49. 19: lift. 2 Sam. 
 G: 16 ff. 
 
 'what one among the tribes of hra el ? ',^)2 masc. plur. prim. irre^. const, 
 comp. 2 Sam. 3: 23. Rarelj^ in ref- '..^^ .^^^^ ..^.^^ ^^tj^ suff_ ^--^S^Ta. 
 erence to thmgs, l.ke n73, Gen. 33: - , ^_^'' " ^_,_ ,^,. ^ V ^.,_ 
 
 1. Tcafer or waters. (The singu- 
 lar in Arabic is i{J2 i^ U'a/er.) 
 
 D'^^n D*?5 /ivi/jor tc-arer, i. e. fresh, 
 Gen. 26: 19. D'^'^.IJ? DV3 Ao/y wjaicr, 
 Num. 5 : 17. Sometimes construed 
 with a verb preceding in the sin- 
 gular; with a verb following^ only 
 in Num. 19: 13,20. With He local 
 Jl^^73rj to the water. Water in 
 
 T : 
 
 which one sinks or is overwhelm- 
 ed is used to represent adversity, 
 Ps. 18: 17. 32: 6. 69:2, 3, 16. Job 
 27: 20. 
 
 2. i. q. sr'nT seed. Is. 48: 1. (Arab. 
 
 i\^ semen.) Better waters or foun- 
 tain; see Gesenius on Is.48: I. 
 
 terwarcls to Moab otherwise wnl- ..q ^^^ I. srt, kind, species. Gev,. 
 
 ten MnSapvc, 1 Mac. 9: 36. and I j- ^^ ..,^^ .^b fruit a/er iU kind. 
 
 xiii. 1. 17.23. XIV. 2. ^ ' ^^ 
 
 ^4>y^ , , r ^^^^ .^^ 11 np^'^a a nur^c, see the Hiph.of l^J^ 
 
 -iU^/U m. verbal from SD^, dec. 11. Iv.- ^ r i -, 
 
 b. </ie 6e9^ of any thing. 1 Sam. 15:9, ^D'^lD 2 K. 16: 18 Kethib, i. q. ^D^ltt, 
 15 l^^^ln iti^;?. ihe best sheep. Ex. q. v. 
 
 22: 5 i?3-}5 rj"!??.^ ^n*lUJ SO'-a ^/i n^S*^^, Josh. 21: 37. Jer. 48: 21. and 
 bestofhisownfeld aadthebest of ^,j^r^ Josh. 13: 18. aLevitical 
 his own vineyard. Gen. 4/: b itO^^Z ^.^- .^"^^^^ ^^.^^ of Reuben beyond 
 y^wNrjin the best part of the land. Jordan, subsequently belonging to 
 Verse' 11. the. Moabites. In the Kethib of 
 
 b^p^^ {who is as God) Michael, ^ Jer. 48: 21. it is written m'BtlTa. 
 proper name of one of the seven 'p'^. - ^^c. I. a pressing, wringing, 
 archangels before the throne of churning. Pro v. 30: 33. See yr^TD. 
 
 3. Judg. 9: 28 1 I'lnys ""S DiUJ V2^ 
 and what is Sheciitm that we should 
 serve him ? 13: 17. Aho without 
 an interrogation, e. g. Gen. 43: 22. 
 hence whoever^ Judg. 7: 3 Nn^ "12 
 ^nlTj whoever is fearful and afraid. 
 Is. 54 : 15. With *^-^fi< following, 
 Ex. 32:33. 2 Sam. 20*: 11. 
 
 2. how? (like qui? for quomo- 
 dol) Am. 7:2,5. Ruth 3: 16. 18.51: 
 19. 
 i<D1^^ proper name of a city in the 
 tribe of Reuben, situated in a plain 
 of the same name. Num. 21:30. 
 Josh. 13: 9, 16. IChr. 19:7. Ac- 
 cording to is. 15:2, it belonged a f- 
 
r;35p 
 
 359 
 
 ca 
 
 "IVu'^'2 m. verbal from 'n'yl;'*. 
 
 1. a level country, a plain. Is.40:4. 
 42: 16. Ps. 143: 10. This name is 
 applied particularly to the plain in 
 the tribe of Reuben, near the city 
 ^*n^"'73; hence joined with the arti- 
 cle,' Dent. 3: 10. 4: 43. Josh. 13:9, 
 16, 17,21. 20:8. Jer. 48: 21. 
 
 2. rlcrht. ricrhteovsness. Ps. 45: 7. 
 
 threshed OHt, perhaps a corruption 
 ot nl:b52, as it is called in 1 K. 5:25. 
 [5:11.] Used particularly of the 
 plagues sent by God, Lev. 26: 21. 
 Deut. 28:59,61. 29: 21. 
 
 2. an overthrozv, slaushter ; in bat- 
 tle, Josh. 10: 10,20. Judg. 11:33. 
 15:8. or more immediately from 
 God, 1 Sam. 6: 19. 
 
 3. a wound. 1 K. 22: 35. Is. 1 : 6. 
 
 As an adv. righteously, Ps. 67: 5. j^^^^ ^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^ ^ dec.X.a. a 
 
 ^'^"l?"^?. plur.masc.verbal from ^UJ;, yi^^^e or spot burnt. LeVl 3:24,25,28. 
 
 ^^i' ^*. ., T o ^ ^^^^]^jl2 m.verhnl from-iri^ to standfdtc 
 
 1. straightness. Is. 26: 7. Hence ' .- ^ ' 
 
 with 2 and b , as an adv. aright, 111 a. 
 
 . a place. Ezra 2: 68. Particii 
 
 smootJtly, rectd^ Prov. 23 :31. Cant. 
 7: 10. 
 
 2. uprightness, sincerity ; and as 
 an adv. sincerely. Cant. 1: 4. 
 
 3. righteousness, as of a judge. 
 Ps. 99 : 4. D''*!\i;^722 Ps. 9 : 9. and 
 
 larly a dwelling place {of Jehovah.) 
 Ex. 15: 17. 1 K. 8 : 23, 39, 43. Ps. 
 33: 14. 
 
 2. foundation. Ps. 89: 15. 97 : 2. 
 101:5. 
 
 d'^")\::" Ps.58: 2. with righteousness, HDI^tj and Jl^^^. f. verbal from "J^S, 
 
 riglueoitsly. Right, justice, ganeraUy, dec. X. 
 
 Prov. 1:3. 8: 6. Ps. 17: 2. 1- Z^'^^*- Ezra. 3: 3. 
 
 4. uni/v, peace. 'D'^-\'::^72 tliTS- /o 2. a stand or 6ase. 1 K. 7:2736. 
 
 ; * T^ 1 1 c V ^\ J/n^. 3. proper name of a city in the 
 
 wafec peace, Dan. 11:6. comp. verse '^ ^rx ^ i at i n oo' 
 
 ^ ' ^ tribe of Judah. Neh. 11: 28. 
 
 17. andiMal. 2:6. 
 "nn'^tl m. found only in the plur. i. q. 
 ^n"^ no. II. dec. II. b. 
 
 V V 
 
 1 . string of a bow. Ps. 2 1 : 13. 
 
 2. a tent cord. Num. 3: 37. 4: 32. 
 Jer. 10:20. 
 
 j Dii^^S^^ and ^i^^p_ m. plur. d"^- and 
 ni , verbal from 'Zi^'D, dec. I. 
 
 1. pain. Job 33: 19. 
 
 2. metaphorically, sorrow, grief ^^^^^"^ t^l,^ f,om 
 Ex.3:7. Lam. 1:12, 18. comp. Is. 51: 1. 
 
 "I'^SM abundance, see "1^3. y,^)2 m. {sold) proper name of a soa 
 
 ^1*212 m. dec. II. b. a grate, a lattice- of Manasseh, father of Gilead. Gen. 
 
 work. Ex. 27:4. 38:4,5,30. See 50:25.. Hence used poetic^illy for 
 
 ^^^^^ Manasseh, Judg. 5: 13. The gen- 
 
 tile noun is tt^DTD. 
 'I2pp_ m. 2 K.?:\5.wmething woven, a ^s^ ^i,;^^,^^ ^ith^ ^:,^2,) to sink, to 
 
 maltress, here perhaps xcovmnetov, I e" overthrown. Ps. 106: 43. 
 
 a fly net. See '^-'iS. Niph. fut. ^72^, to sink oy settle 
 
 u^Q f plur.D"'- and ni-, verbal from down, spoken of a building. Ecc.lO: 
 
 V' v n . o- o o p. Hoph. plur. iisail for wan (% 
 
 1. m(,s.. Deut 2o: 3 2 Chr. ^.^^ /^^ ^ j^ 24': ^24- 
 2: 9 m373 d^ian usually rendered as ^- ^ 
 
 nS'^^'D f. verbal from -J^S, dec. X. a 
 ^place or foundation. Zech. 5: 11. 
 
 nnijt) f. Ezek. 16: 3. and tll'^M 
 21: 35. 29: 14. dec.X. birth, origin. 
 The etymology is obscure. The 
 Hebrew commentators explain it 
 by nn^:;^ o dwelling. Others de- 
 rive it from ^^3 i. q. ^")3 to dig, 
 hence effossiones for origines, by a 
 mining ; 
 
 L 
 
 ifi. q. nhj2 "^tin wheat beaten or "i^J^ m. verbal from Nr3 <o */iu^ w/?, 
 
3M 
 
 360 
 
 n^)^ 
 
 confine^ which often commutes its 
 tl for n; dec. II. a. a pen, fold^ 
 for sheep. Hab.3:17. Piur. nii<b573. 
 Ps. 50: 9. 78: 70. 
 
 /VM m. verbal from ^b3, pcr/ec- 
 tion^ perfect beauty, Ezek. ^3; jg. 
 38 : 4 biblDT: "'tJlb perfectly or gor- 
 geously apparelled, vestili perfecte. 
 
 ni/DD plur. fern, verbal from nb3, 
 fouQd only 2 Chr. 4:21 ifTT ni^lDa 
 
 c^e5 (of the priests.) Ex. 28 : 42. 
 39: 28. Lev. 6: 3. 16: 4. Ezek. 44: 
 18. Vulg.ferninalia, According to 
 Josephus (Antiq. iii. 8.) they reach- 
 ed only to the middle of the thigh. 
 
 D!Dt) m. (perhaps from DDS, like 
 ^i2:>2 from "1^73,) dec. VI. h. a trib- 
 ute. Num. 31: 28,3741. (Aram. 
 
 and Arab. {.ma^iD , (j^X./ census^ 
 
 vectigal.) Hence 
 
 perfectionesauri.l e.perftct or pure nDlD'Q f. denom. from Di)72, dec. X. 
 gold. Comp. nb^s adv. entirely. ^ ^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^ j^. ^ - - 
 
 7' rJj2 m. verbal from bbs, dec. II. b. 2. amount, price. Lev. 27: 23. 
 
 perfection. Ps. 50: 2. ' 5^^.^.^. m. verbal from nD3, dec. IX. 
 
 C^ri^ja masc. plur. verbal from a. 'a coi;eWng, of a tent, Ex. 26: 14. 
 
 36: 19. of a ship, Gen. 3: 13. 
 
 nO^^ liter, part. Pi. from JiD3, dec. 
 IX. a. 
 
 1. a covering, stragula. Is. 14: 1 1. 
 23: 18. Also of a ship, Ezek. 27: 7. 
 
 2. the fat caul over the inwards, 
 omentum. Lev. 9:19. Expressed 
 more fully n^^j^ti-ns^; ti&^iqn ibnrr 
 Ex. 29: 13, 2*2! 
 
 bbp, liter, ornaments, hence costly 
 garments. Ezek. 27: 24. comp. par- 
 ticularly bi^DQ. 
 
 nV!D^ f. food. Once 1 K. 5: 25. [5 : 
 1 1.] a contraction of n!:bi^!^i or else 
 of the Syriac form n^^i^^, from the 
 root blDN. * " * 
 
 - T 
 
 t3^3^!D^ masc. plur. dec.VIII.h. trea- 
 
 sures. Once Dan. 11:43. Root ^73D, ilt^SlD^ f. (a rfo6Hne-) a country near 
 in Syr and Chald. to conceal, to be fj^^;- ^j^^^^ g^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^.^^^ 
 
 'ZZ Gen. 23: 9, 17, 19. 25:9. 49:30. 
 
 0Z3Da Ezra 2: 27. '^y^i^ 1 Sara. 13: 50: 13. 
 
 2,*5. t'qz>l2 Neb. 11:^31. (as an ap- ^"2)2^ fnt. ^b73\ to sell. Gen. 37 : 27, 
 
 pellative, concealed, a treasure, see 
 D^i,) name of a place in the tribe 
 of Benjamin, according to 1 Sam. 
 13: 5. on the east of Beth-aven. In 
 1 Mac. 9 : 73, it is called Ma^^ag, 
 in Josephus Max^icc. Antiq. vi. 6. 
 XIII. 2. 
 
 ^lyDp^ m. Is. 51 : 20. and iblD'a Ps. 
 
 141 : 10. a net, snare. It is i. q. 
 'n'^SS, "lai?^, "naiDT: (q. v.) by a com- 
 mutation of 72 and i. 
 nnriM f. Hab. 1 : 15, 16. and 
 i riT/2^t; Is. 19: 8. a net, drag. 
 12il2^)2,ee '012^12. 
 
 D^^^ verbal from Di3, found only in 
 the dual or plur. const. ^OZpJD bree- 
 
 28. Construed with a of the price, 
 Ps. 44 : 13. To sell ohe''s daughter, 
 i. e. to give her in marriage, the 
 father on such occasions receiving 
 a price or portion ("^ll?:) from the 
 bridegroom. Gen. 31 : 15. Ex. 21 : 
 7. To sell a people, i. e. to deliver 
 them to their enemies, spoken of 
 Jehovah, Deut. 32: 30. Judg. 2: 14 
 d^l'^n'I'N 1^3 Q^3^2 and he sold them 
 into the hand of their enemies. 3: 8. 
 4 : 2, 9. 
 
 Niph. ^S73: 1. to be sold.Lev.2o: 
 34. Metaphorically Is. 50 : 1. 
 
 2. to sell one'^s self (for a slave.} 
 Lev. 25: 39, 42, 47. 
 
 Hithpa. 1. to be sold. Deut.28:68. 
 
 2. to sell one?s self, in the phrase 
 5?^Ji nr^yb '^STann to sell one^s self. 
 
mt^ 
 
 361 
 
 i^bi2 
 
 i. e. to give one's self up, to do in- 
 iquity, I K. 21: 20, 25. 2 K. 17: 17. 
 Derivatives out of course ^'21212 
 
 "npt) m. with suff. "^"iS;^, verbal from 
 -555:, dec. VI. h. 
 
 1. something presented for sale^ 
 merchandise, venum, venale. Nell. 
 13: 16. 
 
 2. price or worth of any thing. 
 Num. 20:19. 
 
 3. proh. property, substance. Deut. 
 18 : 8. 
 
 ^^^12 m. verbal from ^52, dec. 1. an 
 acquaintance^ friend. 2 K. 12: 6, 8. 
 
 niD'Q m. verbal from n^S, dec. IX. 
 a. a pit^ mine, Zeph. 2 : 9. 
 
 iTnlI)12 f. found onlj^ Gen. 49:5. prob. 
 a sword^ weapon. Hence D72n "^^S 
 DJT^rin^'^ instruments of cruelty {are) 
 their swords. Jerome : arma eorum. 
 The root in that case is supposed to 
 
 be ^nsi.q.Arab. rV.=3 conj.II. pro- 
 stravit ; comp. InnlS to dig, to bore 
 through. Others make it synony- 
 mous with ^I'nb^ (in Ezek.) a dwel- 
 ling. Hence weapons of violence 
 {are in) their dwellings. Others ex- 
 plain it plans., purposes, from the 
 Ethiop. '^'212 consilium cepit ; or 
 craft, deceit, from the Arabic verb 
 which signifies to deceive. 
 
 ^ViSM m. verbal from ^u;3, dec. I. 
 r. a stumbling block or stone. Lev. 
 19: 14. Is. 8: 14 blUJD^ ^^L a stone 
 of stumbling, 57: 14. Metaphori- 
 cally Ezek. 3:20 "''^25^ Vim:^72 '^nn:'} 
 ni^a" i^^Tl then I will throw a stum- 
 
 r 
 
 bling block before him, and he shall 
 die. ls.6:21. Metaphorically, (1.) a 
 ea2ise of falling or of misfortune. E- 
 zek. 18: 30. 44 : 1^. Fs. 119 : 165. 
 (2.) a seducement or cause (f sin. 
 (Comp. the verb Blal. 2 : 8.) Ezek. 
 7:19. 14:3 !::*iy !:Vj:i:q their se- 
 ducement to sin, i. e. their idols. (3.) 
 offence of heart, scruple of conscience. 
 1 Sam. 25: 31. 
 
 46 
 
 n^jilD^ f. verbal from ^^3, dec. X. 
 
 1. ruin (of a state.) Is. 3: 6. 
 
 2, a cause of stumbling, a seduce- 
 ment to sin. In the plur. spoken of 
 idols, Zeph. 1: 3. 
 
 DPDt) m. verbal from nn3, dec. I. 
 
 1. o writing. Ex. 32: 16. Deut. 
 10 . 4. 
 
 2. a letter, 2 Chr. 21 : 12. 
 
 3. a song. Is. 38: 9, where it oc- 
 curs as a title. Comp. Dn:?lq. 
 
 nriw^ f. verbal from nnS, dec. X. 
 a breaking in pieces. Is. 30: 14. 
 
 DPlD^ m. in the superscriptions of 
 Psalms XVI. lvi. lvii. lviii. lix. lx. 
 most prob. i. q. SnD^ Is. 38: 9. (by 
 a commutation of 73 and a, see p. 
 69.) a writing., by way of eminence 
 a song. Others derive it from utXD 
 gold, hence a golden piece, carmen 
 aureum, a commendatory title ; but 
 DnS) is barely a poetical name for 
 gold, and there appears no special 
 reason in these psalms for this de- 
 signation. 
 
 tDriSi2 m. verbal from uins. 
 
 1. a mortar. Pro v. 27: 22. 
 
 2. Judg. 16: 19 prob. the cavity 
 for the teeth, in Greek oXfAiOifog, Lat. 
 mortariolum. See Bocharti Hieroz. 
 T. 1. p. 202. 
 
 3. Zeph. 1 : II probably the 
 name of a place in or near Jerusa- 
 lem. 
 
 fi^^'2, fut. i^72^ . 1. intrans. to be or 
 become full. Josh. 3:15. Construed 
 with an accus of the Thing which 
 fills, Gen. 6: 13 D73n Y^J^T\ nN^?3 
 the earth is full of nickedness. Ii'.ilg. 
 
 16:27 D"'u33r|T D'^rs^jtrj ii\i2 n^an-) 
 and the house xvas full of men and 
 women. Job 32 : 18 d"^^^^ "nb^S "'S 
 for I am full of words. 2 K. 6: 17. 
 Ps. 10:7. 26: 10. 33:5. 48: 11. 65: 
 10. 104: 24. Is. 11:9. 14:21. 27: 
 6. Jer. 23: 10. 46: 12. 51: 5. E- 
 zek. 9:9. with}?, Hab. 2: 14. with 
 1X3 perhaps Is. 2: 5. Used also (I.) 
 oi time, to be fulfilled or completed. 
 
t^b'n 
 
 362 
 
 Gen. 26: 24 rTlbb rfTS"^ ^i^b72'^^ and 
 her time was fulfilled (hat she should 
 be delivered. 29:21 ^2"^ :i5JbtD ^3 for 
 my time is completed. 60 : 3 p^ "^3 
 D'^DSnri ^721 ^^<i^?2';/or 5o/ono <o<!a' the 
 time of embalming last ; (comp. Est. 
 2:12.) Lev. 8:33. 12:4,6. Lam. 4: 
 18. .Ier25:34. (2.) of a desire, to 
 be Julfilled or satisfied. Ex. 15:9 
 ""2:23 ^TSkSb^an mij desire respecting 
 them shall be satisfied.^ liter, my soul 
 shall be full of them. The suffix 
 ^^_. is the acciis. oi' the thing filUng', 
 which the verh requires after it. 
 
 2. trans, tofil^ to make full. (In 
 Arabic it is written in the preced- 
 ing signiticatiou with med. E; in 
 this with med. A.) (1.) Construed 
 with an accus. of the place filled. 
 Gen. 1: 22 Q-^ts^? D';73rj-nN ^i\b73 
 fill the nonters in the seas. Verse 28. 
 9:'l. Ex.40: 34 ^112 nin^ niiDH 
 'JS"J:73!n'"nJ< and the glory of Jeho- 
 vah filled the du'elling. Verse 35. 1 
 K.8: 10,11. Ezek. 10:3. Ex. 32:29. 
 So Est. 7 : 6 where is he., TiJNl 
 JS) Sirij^h inh, liibJl whom his 
 heart has filled.) i. e. vvho has dared, 
 to do thns. Comp. Ecc. 8: 11. (2.) 
 Spoken of the person filling, as in 
 Piel, and construed with a double 
 accus. of the place filled and of 
 the thing which fills, Ezek. 8: 17 
 D^n yni^n-nJ< ^H^JD "'S for they 
 fill the land zvith wickedness. 30: 11 
 bbn ynNn-ni< ^wN^tTJI and they fill 
 the land with the slain. 28:16. Jer.l6: 
 
 and they fill mine inheritance with 
 their abominations. Rarely with 
 173 before the thing filling, Ex. 16: 
 32 nS7373 "^T^.yrj fcNb^ fill an omer 
 with it. Comp. Lev. 9: 17. 
 
 Note. In Ezek. 28:16, tib'a stands 
 fbrili^';;^. In .Job 32: 18, -^n'r?: for 
 Tii^V.^*. The infin. is n^iJo" and 
 
 Niph. 1. to be filled, to be full; 
 construed with an accus. of the 
 thing, as in Kal. Gen. 6: 1 1 ^j^Tam 
 
 D?3n y^Nn and the earth was full 
 of rmckedness. Ex. 1 : 7 NbTani 
 Qn^ ynj^ri and </ie land was full of 
 
 them. 1 K. 7:14 l-I:aDn^-n^< nVts'^i 
 
 ii:5)iri!l-nfi'] and he was filled with 
 skill and understanding. 2 K. 3: 17. 
 Construed with "jyq, Ezek. 32: 6. It 
 has the signification of Kal no. 1. 
 (1.) Ex. 7: 25. of Kal no. 1. (2.) 
 Ecc. 6: 7. 
 
 2. to come to an end., to perish* 
 Job 15:32 i^bsn 1731"^ Nbs before 
 his time he (scil. iu;23 his soul) per- 
 ishes] i. q. T'^^ ^^^73 his days are 
 completed. 
 
 Note. Niphal is perfectly synon- 
 ymous with Kal no. 1. but the pre- 
 terite of Kal and the future of 
 Niphal are in more common use. 
 
 Pi. Nb73, rarely Nb'2(Jer.51: 34.) 
 infin. Nb'a and nii^V^, fut. nV^*;, 
 once nb^^ (Job 8: 21.) 
 
 1. to fill. Spoken of a person fil- 
 ling, and construed with a double 
 accus. of the thing filling and the 
 place filled, like Kal no.2. (2.) Ex. 
 28:3. 35:35 3^. nlZ'Dn DnN ^V.^ 
 he filled them with a 7vise heart. Job 
 3: 16 i:)DS) DH^ns n\\b^^ri who fill- 
 ed their houses with silver. 22: 18. 
 Ps. 107:9. 129:7. Is. 33: 5. Jer.41: 
 9. IK. 18:35. More rarely with 
 j>3 of the thing filling, Ps. 127 : 5 
 happy is the man "nj^ J<ir73 ^^Nf 
 dil^S ^nE''ij^i who fills his quiver 
 with them. Jer. 51: 34. Lev. 9: 17. 
 The following metaphorical signif- 
 ications and phrases are worthy of 
 notice ; 
 
 2. to fulfil, complete, or pass a 
 certain time. Gen. 29 : 27 itb73 
 ni<T ?i^ fulfil her week. Verse 28^ 
 Job 39: 2 n:N'?.)3n U'^n^'} 'niBpn 
 canst thou number the months which 
 they fulfil, i. e. go with young. Also 
 causat. to cause to pass or be complet- 
 ed, Dan. 9 : 2 nii'nnb niN^rtt^ 
 Ji:UJ Ca'^::^*aTp Cjb^n^^^'io'ma&c sev- 
 enty years to pass over the desolations 
 of Jerusalem. Comp. 2 Chr.36:21. 
 
wvVia 
 
 363 
 
 b6l2 
 
 S, to satisfy desire,hunger, or the 
 like. Job 38; .39. Prov. 6:30. 
 
 4. to fulfil a petition, Ps. 20: 6. a 
 promise, 1 K. 8 : 15 w/?o spake with 
 his mouth to David my father, and 
 with his hand hath fulfilled it. Verse 
 24 Jer. 44:25. a prophecy, 1 K. 2: 
 
 27 nin^ "i^lTiwH ^\iy2 to fulfil the 
 
 word of Jehovah. 
 
 5. to make complete in number. 
 Ex. 23: 26 / will complete the num- 
 ber of thy days^ i.e. I will cause thee 
 to reach the full term of life. Comp. 
 Is. 65: 20. 1 Sam. 18: 27 and Da- 
 vid brought their foreskins^ Qli^i^^'^T 
 ?jV73^ and they gave them in full num- 
 ber to the king. 1 K. 1: 14 and I 
 will come after thee -nfi< ^ni;^,^^ 
 ^^li"! and make thy words com- 
 plete^ i.e. add what is wanting, sup- 
 plebo verba tua. 
 
 6. ':V2-*i::-nfi V^ to fill the 
 hand of any one^ i. e. to transmit to 
 him the office of priest. Ex. 28:41. 
 29:9. Lev. 21: 10. Num. 3:3. Judg. 
 17:5. 
 
 7. Min'^biT^-nJ^ nVts tofilloneh 
 hand for Jehovah., i.e. to give to him 
 liberallv. 1 Chr.29: 5. 2Chr.29:31. 
 Comp. 'Ex. 32 : 29. 2 Chr. 13:9 
 every one who cometh to present a 
 bullock and seven rams^ becomes a 
 p riest. 
 
 8. CD'^DlaN ^'V^ to set or enchase 
 precious stones. Ex. 28: 17. 31:5. 
 35:33. Pual, Cant. 5: 14. 
 
 9. n'cij^S i^i; N^. to fill oneh 
 hand with the bow^ i. e. to take the 
 bow into his hand. 2 K. 9: 24. This 
 phrase differs from n^p.ll ^^^12 i. q. 
 n"43jp.tl TJ'll to bend the bow, Zech. 
 9:13. So in the Syriac version, 
 ^AajD ]\^ Ps. 11: 2. for the Heb. 
 rp^"! ; and in Arab. N> conj. IV. 
 valide traxit arcum. 
 
 10. When connected with anoth- 
 er verb, it serves sometimes for a 
 periphrasis of the adverb/w%. Jer. 
 4: 5 5}fi<VlO ')iS'^p clamate plena voce. 
 Sept. nexga^are fif'ya. Syr. clamate 
 altd voce. Vulg. clamate fortiter. 
 
 Comp. 12: 6. The same use of 
 the word is found in Arabic ; as 
 
 ^b^ '^D-bi^ &<b72n intense intuitus 
 est aliquem. Comp. Friihn on 
 Nab. 1: 10. Here belongs the el- 
 liptical construction ni""' ""inN&tb'^ 
 for njrj^ "^inN nD^.bN572 to follow 
 
 Jehovah fully, to yield him perfect 
 obedience, Num. 14: 24. 32: 1 1, 12. 
 Deut. 1:36. Josh. 14 : 8,9, 14. 1 
 K. 11:6. J. D. Michae lis incorrect- 
 ly resolves the phrase thus : implet 
 quce sunt post Jehovam, i. e. vestigia 
 JehovaB prennit. Vulg. simply sequi 
 Deum. Sept. for the most part aw- 
 (XTioyiolovd^i'iv. Chald. ^nz D'*V"^fi< 
 ""^T Nnbni implere post timorem 
 Dei. 
 
 Pu. see Piel no. 8. 
 
 Hithpa. to assemble or come togeth- 
 er in full number, construed with by, 
 against anyone. Job 16: 10. Arabic 
 i<bt3 conj. VI. concord drunt et unani- 
 mesfuerunt aliqua in re, construed 
 with iby. Comp. Nb^; and the Arab. 
 Mb^ turba, ccetus. 
 
 Kt^ti Chald. to fill. Dan. 2:35. 
 
 Ithpe. to be filled. Dan. 3: 19. 
 i^bl2 , fern, n^btt, verbal adj. from 
 t^]:12, dec. V. e. and X. 
 
 1. intrans. full. itb;^ PjCS full 
 price, Gen. 23 : 9. Generally con- 
 strued with an accus. Deut. 6: 11 
 niU-b3 D^wVb^ ^"^^^ houses full of 
 every good thing. 34: 9. More rare- 
 ly with a genitive, Jer. 6: 1 1 ^^12 
 tZ^^iy^ stricken in years, plenus die- 
 rum. Is. 1: 21. As a neuter adjec- 
 tive it stands (1.) for the suhst. ful- 
 ness. Ps. 73: 10 ti;]:12 '^72 waters of ful- 
 ness, i. e. full streams. (2.) for the 
 adv.plene; and hence plend voce, 
 Jer. 12: 6. pleno numero, Nah.l:10. 
 
 2. irRns. filling. Is. 6: 1. Jer. 23: 
 24. 
 
 ^^12, i<1^'a,onceib^.(Ezek.41:8.) 
 m. verbal from fct^lo, dec. I. 
 
 1. that wherewith any space is fill- 
 ed. (Generally to be express- 
 ed in English by the word or sylla* 
 
i6l2 
 
 364 
 
 nb)2 
 
 hlefull.) tD'D^yqn ^{p;^ your hands 
 full, Ex. 9 : 8.' 'judg.' 6: 38 i<ib^ 
 Ca^^ b^jyjl a bason-full of water. 
 Applied also to measures of length, 
 Ezek. 41:8 Tl^'pjn ib the length of 
 the measuring rod. 1 Sam. 28 : 20 
 and he fell inl^ip t^b'D his whole 
 length. 
 
 2. a multitude. Gen. 48 : 19 n'!:?2 
 
 ta"*i-l!l a multitude of nations. Is. 
 31-4." 
 
 ni^^.52 f. verbal from tn):,'^', dec. X. 
 fulness^ abundance^ plenty^ (of grain 
 and wine,) presented as tithes or 
 first fruits. Used particularly of 
 gram, Ex. 22: 28. Deut. 22: 9. of 
 wine, Num. 18: 27. 
 
 T\^'hl2 f. verbal from N*b^, dec. X. 
 a setting or enchasing of precious 
 stones. Ex. 28: 17, 20, 39: 13. See 
 the root, Piel no. 8. 
 
 tD'^X v/3 masc. plur. verbal from Mb^, 
 dec. [. 
 
 1. a consecration or iniliotion into 
 the priesi^s office. Lev. 8: 33. Ex. 
 29: 22,26,27,31. See the root, 
 Piel no. 6. 
 
 2. a consecration-offering, (comp. 
 e. g. ni<isn a sin, and a sin-offering.) 
 Lev. 7: 37. 8:28,31. 
 
 3. i.q. 1^iiibJ2 a setting of precious 
 stones. Ex. 25: 7. 35: 9. 
 
 *!Ji<^'D m. verbal from obsol. ^i:5^,dec. 
 
 ILb. 
 
 1. a messenger. Job 1: 14. 1 Sam. 
 11:3. 
 
 2. particularly a messenger of 
 God; and (1.) an a/io-eZ, usually ex- 
 pressed by tiirj"^ ^^^^^. Gen. 16:7. 
 21: 17. 22:11^,15. Comp. De Wette 
 bibl. Dogmatik des A. and N. T. p. 
 64. 143. (2.) a prophet, or a priest. 
 Hag. 1: 13. Mai. 2: 7- 3: 1. Ecc. 5: 
 5. (3.) spoken of the Israelitish peo- 
 ple. Is. 42: 19. 
 
 M5!>^bt) (a Syriasra for 'n^Dii^'D) f. 
 const. nrii^^T:, with suff. "nn^j^^T:, 
 plur. const. niSN^r^, verbal from 
 obsol. rjijV, dec. XI. h. 
 
 1. business. (The root^Nb to send 
 has here the kindred signification 
 to order, to execute.) Gen. 39 : 11. 
 Ex. 20: 9, 10. 
 
 2. work, labour, of an artificer, 
 mechanic. liy ri3J<c.?3 aity thing 
 made of skin. Lev. 13:48. nDN!:73 
 Ti^n'] n'^2 work on the house of Jc- 
 hovah, 1 Chr. 23 : 4. Ezra 3 : 8. 
 JlDJ^b7ail "^-kUS? the labourers, 2 K. 12: 
 12. r;D5<b73n b? I^^t <^t overseers 
 of the Wrk, 1 K. 5: 30'. [5: 16.] But 
 n^N'bTatl niiJ> in Neh. 2 : 16. de- 
 notes one concerned in public busi- 
 ness, and in Est. 3: 9. 9: 3. perhaps 
 particularly an overseer of the roy- 
 al treasury. Vulg. arcarius, Comp. 
 1 Chr. 29: 6. 
 
 3. good.s, substance, res alicujus. 
 Ex. 22 : 7, 10. Particularly cattle. 
 Gen. 33: 14. 1 Sam. 15:9. (comp. 
 
 *'lDi^<'D m. {angelical) Malachi, prop- 
 er name of a prophet. Mai. 1 : 1. 
 Sept. in the superscription MaXa- 
 pag; in the text ayyeXog. \u\g.Mal- 
 achias. 
 
 niS>jb^'Q f. const. n^SNbtt, denora. 
 
 from Tji^bTa, dec. IH. a. a message. 
 
 Hag. 1:V3. 
 n^^ >12 f. Cant, o : 12. fulness, per- 
 
 fe<t beauty. 
 'J3"^3^^^ m. verbal from -ijsb, dec. L 
 
 a garment, i. q. 12; :1:2b. 2 K. 10: 22. 
 "jll^ /3 m. (denom. from 112 ib a brick,) 
 
 a brick-kiln. Jer. 43:9.'Nah. 3: 14. 
 T]hl2 f. plur. C- and ';'_, verbal 
 
 from bb53, dec. X. 
 
 1. a word, speech, (synonymous 
 with ^i~,) in Aramean the com- 
 mon word, but in Hebrew used on- 
 ly in poetry. Pro v. 23: 9. Ps. 19:5. 
 139 : 4. 2 Sam. 23:2. Also a prov- 
 erb, byword. Job 30 : 9 DJlb ^tl^^} 
 Mb?3b and 1 am to them for a by- 
 word. 
 
 2. a thing, like r\^l. Job 32 : 11. 
 
rhti 
 
 365 
 
 D^r) 
 
 nTt3 f. Chald. emphat. Nn^^, plur. 
 
 1. a word^ speech. Dan. 4: 28, 30. 
 [4: 31, 33.J 5: 15. 
 
 2. a thing. Dan. 2: 8. 15, 17. 
 
 ^1 >/3 m. name of the fortress at Je- 
 rusalem, or ofsome [art of the for- 
 tifications. 2 Sam. 5: 9. 1 K. 9: 15, 
 24. 11:27. 1 Chron. II: 8. 2 Chr. 
 32 : 5. See Hamelsveld bibl. Ge- 
 ographic, Th. 2. p. 35 ff. Prob. the 
 same with i^'i^ij n'^a 2 K. 12 : 21. 
 But Millo Judg. 9 : 6, 20. is prob. 
 different. 
 
 m >/3 m. in Greek uXifiog^ atriphx 
 halimus^ Linn, a plant resembUng 
 lettuce, the green leaves of which, 
 either raw or boiled, furnished food 
 for poor people. Job 30: 4. 
 
 nDM/L) f. verbal from ^^73, a king- 
 dom. HD^^Tan ^"^y the royal city., 2 
 Sam. 12. 26."n55|):73n ^f^^l the royal 
 line, Jer. 41:1. Dan. 1, 3. ntjy 
 JllD^bO to exercise dominion, to rule, 
 1 k. 21: 7. 
 
 "jl/^ m. verbal from "jtib, dec.III.a. 
 a lodging'place.f an inn. Gen. 42:27. 
 43: 21. Ex. 4:24. 
 
 n^bl2 fem. of'!^b72. 
 
 1. a shed or lodge, for the watch- 
 man in a garden. Is. 1: 8. 
 
 2. particularly a hanging bed., 
 such as traveilers,or the keepers of 
 gardens and vinejard'*, in hot cli- 
 mates, suspend from high trees, for 
 safety by night from wild beasts. 
 Is. 24: 20. See Niebuhr's Descrip- 
 tion de I'Arabie. 
 
 I. XyplZ (in Arab. with 'T) to salt. Lev. 
 2: 13". 
 
 Pu. pass. Ex. 30: 35. 
 
 Hoph. nbrj , infin. absol. 'n^iz'n. 
 to he washed with salt water, spoken 
 of a new born child. Ezek. 16 : 4. 
 
 II. nP^ (in Arab, with -) to depart 
 
 quickly, to pass away. Only in Niph. 
 dispelli. Is. 61:6 "J'^^y^. Q'^Tgd"'^* 
 !)nb^3ybr the heavens pass azvay like 
 smoke. 
 
 I- n*7tl m. dec. VI.W^ ^b^3t^ ta"> 
 the salt sea, see tD"^. n^^. ^^"'5 the 
 valley of salt, see "^a. tlt^ ri''")3 
 Num. 18: 19. 2 Clir. 13:5. (comp! 
 Lev. 2:13.) a covenant of salt, fosdus 
 salitum,\. e. a solemn covenant, be- 
 cause salt is sacred, and the con- 
 tracting parties in a covenant par- 
 take of it.-r(b72 :3'^it3 a pillar of salt, 
 Gen. 19:26."' '' 
 
 II. n^53 or rhl2 found only in the 
 plur. tDTlb^ torn garments, rags, 
 panni. Jer.'sS: 11, 12. Root prli/tf 
 in Arab, and Ethiop. to pull, to tear. 
 
 nP^. Chald. denom. from n^^, to eat 
 salt. Ezra 4: 14. 
 
 nb'Q Chald. salt. Ezra 4: 14. 
 
 n >/3 m. (with Kamets impure,) de- 
 nom. from nb^. i. q. ci\g the salt sea, 
 dec. I. a mariner. Ezek. 27 : 9, 26, 
 29. Jon. 1: 5. 
 
 nn^'D f. verbal from nbtt, salted, of 
 course unfruitful land. Job 39 : 6. 
 Ps. 107: 34. Joined with y^N, Jer. 
 17:6. Comp. Virg. ^En. \i. 238. 
 Salsa tellus Frugibus infelix. 
 
 t])yrpp^ f. once nnb. (1 Sam. 13: 
 22.)* with suff. -^n^n^T:, plur. 
 ninb,verbal from tar!b,dec.XI.f. 
 
 1. iuar. n^nb^S Jlby to carry on 
 war, construed with ni< (ni^) and 
 with tsy, with any one. Gen. 14:2. 
 
 Deut. 20: 12, 20.-~n tiTanbtt nn-^in 
 
 there was war with any one, 2 Sam. 
 21 : 15, 20. rinb^ UJ-^fi^ a man of 
 war, a warrior, Num. 31 : 27. also, 
 an enemy in war, 1 Chr. 18: 10. 
 
 2. battle, slaughter. Ex. 13: 17. 
 Job 39: 25. 
 
 3. by a metonymy, a weapon, i.q. 
 JlTanba "^ibs. Ps. 76 : 4. comp. Hos. 
 
 1 ii! ' 
 
 Li/^ in Kal not used. Liter, to be 
 
i^'n 
 
 smooth^ slippery ; hence to slip away^ 
 to escape. 
 
 Pi. X:i\J2 and t:V:^ 1 . to let escape 
 (from daugfer,) to deliver. Job 6: 23. 
 29: 12. rD: XZ'^'D to save one^s life^ 
 1 Sam. 19: il. 2 Sam. 19:6. 
 
 2. ova parere. Is. 34 : 15. See 
 Hiph. no. 2. 
 
 Hiph. 1. to deliver. Once Is. 31:5. 
 
 2. to bear, bring forth. Is. 66: 7. 
 
 Niph, 1. to be delivered. Ps. 22: 
 6. More frequently reflex, to de- 
 liver one''s self, to escape. Gen. 19 : 
 19. 1 Sam. 30: 17. 
 
 2. to hasten, to go quickly, (with- 
 out the idea of flight.) 1 Sam. 20 : 
 29 NS nt2b73i^ let me, 1 pray thee^ 
 go quickly, 
 
 Hithpa. i. q. Niph. Job 19: 20 
 ^ri: ^i"n ntaV^riNT (scarcely) am 
 J escaped -with the skin of my teeth^ 
 a prover! ial phrase for, there is 
 scarcely a sound spot in my body. 
 Job 41 : 11 [41 : 19J sparks of fire 
 fly out. 
 
 '^^'P, m. mortar, cement. Jer. 43 : 9. 
 This word is found in some occi- 
 dental languages, as in Greek pal- 
 it a, soft wax, pitch, to spread over 
 the bottoms of vessels ; in Ital. 
 malta, mud, clay. Root '0^12 Syr. T: 
 
 .l_:iiO to spread over, 
 
 n*P*^^t3 f. dec. X. an ear of corn. *rt 
 Once" Deut. 23 : 26. Prob. from 
 
 b^?3=bn, biyi Job 24: 24. to cut 
 off ears of corn. 
 
 T\1'hl2 f. verbal from Vlb- 
 
 1. liter, an interpretation, hence, 
 what needs an interpretation, an enig- 
 ma, riddle, dark saying. Prov. 1: 6. 
 
 2. a satire. Hab. 2: 6. 
 
 ^^Q, fut. ^b^^ 1. to be king, to reign; 
 construed with 2 or 1:^. Josh. 13: 
 12, 21. Judg. 4: 2. 1 Sam. 12: 14. 
 
 2. to become king, 2 Sam. 15: 10. 
 
 Hiph. to cause to be king; construed 
 with an accus. 1 Sam. 15 : 35. 1 K. 
 1:43. with a dative, 1 Chr. 29:22. 
 
 Hoph. ^V^n to be made king.Bim. 
 9:1. 
 
 366 ^bl2 
 
 Niph. to considt, to take counsel 
 Neh. 5: 7. In Syr. the predominant 
 meaning. Compare the Latin con- 
 sulere and consul. 
 
 Deriv. out of course tilDi^bXD 
 
 ^.^. m.with suff". ^^^I'D, plur. D'^lDb^, 
 once ']'^^\J2 (Prov. 31 : 3.) and once 
 with Aleph as a mater lectionis 
 !Zl*:Dt<^73 (2 ^Sam.l 1:1.) verbal from 
 ^b^. dec. VI. a. a king.-^ rjb.T?. 
 tD^'D]:jn the king of kings, di title of 
 the king of Babylon, Ezek. 26: 7. 
 Spoken frequently of Jehovah, Ps. 
 5:3. 44:5. 48:3. 68: 25. Is. 8:21. 
 also of false gods, Am. 5: 26. comp. 
 Zeph. 1:5. Comp. ^uGiXfvg, Horii. 
 II. y. 351. n. 233. 
 
 ^P^ m. Chald. emph. S^ , tl^b?3 , 
 plur. ^2^72, also t=l"3::^ Ezra 4:13. 
 a king, as in Heb. N^^sbTS lf:^Ja the 
 king of kings, Dan. 2: 36, 37. Ezra 
 7:12. a title of the Persian and 
 other Asiatic monarchs ; in Pers. 
 Shahinshah. See Brissonius De re- 
 gio Persarum Principatu, 3. In 
 Dan. 7: 17, 'j'^sb^ stands for king- 
 doms. 
 
 ^t3 m. Chald. with sufi". ^3!:^, ad- 
 vice, counsel. Dan. 4: 24. [4:27.] 
 
 ^P 5 always joined with the article 
 !]l:72ln, {the king.) Molech, proper 
 name of an idol of the Ammonites, 
 to which also the Hebrews some- 
 times offered human sacrifices in 
 the valley of Hinnom. Lev. 18: 21. 
 20:2fl'. IK. 11:7. 2 K. 23:10. Aqu. 
 Symm. Theod. Vulg. MoXox-, Mo- 
 loch. His brazen image, the Rab- 
 bins say, resembled an ox as to (he 
 head, and a man as to the other 
 parts. It was hollow within, and 
 made hot beneath ; and the chil- 
 dren to be sacrificed were placed 
 in its arms. A similar description 
 is given of an image at Carthage, 
 by the name of Saturn ; see Carp- 
 zov Apparat. Antiqu. Sac. Cod. p. 
 87. 404. 
 
 I 
 
dV53 367 i?!5a 
 
 mS^a f. verbal from -,=V, dec.XlII. Ammonites. 1 K. 11: 5, 33. 2 K. 
 
 Job 18: To""' '' '""""^ '"'""" riSba f. foond only Jer. 7: 18. 44: 
 
 ^^"Uyy . c ^'L^ J VTT i?, i8,19, 25 z"'73"L^n nDbtt, anob- 
 )3^a fem. of rrb?2, dec. XII. a. a . ' ' /, '~^ ' , '"' '\, t 
 'J T^ ^ . .['rr , > r.1 ject of idolatrous worship to the Is- 
 9e6. Est. 1 : 9 ff 7 : 1 ff. Plur. '^^^y^^,^^ ^omen. According to 
 mD!:73 9"cens, sultanas of prince- ^^^ g^p^^ -^ j^^ ^^^^ ^j tj^^ y^,^^ 
 ly blood, different from ta'^UJa^'^s, in all the passages, i. q. n3}: 
 Cant. 6: 8, 9. ^^^.^^.^ ^/^g ^neen of heaven^ per- 
 nSTJ^ Chald. t(7cOT. Dan. 5: 12. haps'J^mWc, the moon. Another 
 ^^LU ^ ^, , , , explanation is followed by many 
 1372 f. Chald. const, n^sb^a, emph. j^gg ^^ich read in full nS&i]:73, 
 
 i^msbtt. ^ro>n which the punctuation of the 
 
 'l. reign, nde, dominion. Dan. 4: common reading appears to be de- 
 
 28 [4- 31 1 Ezra 4: 24. 6- 15. rived,namely, worshp of heaven,ue. 
 
 2. a kingdom. Dan. 2: 39, 41, 44. ^^e abstract being put for the con- 
 
 Plur. Nms!:^ Dan. 2: 44. 7: 23. ^^^^e, the god or goddess of heav- 
 
 ^j^j^? j^ 'Ts:- gn^ Chald. steila coelt. byr. cultus 
 
 n M J7/2 f. denom. from 'rf^72 . cceli. 
 
 1. royalty, royal dignity or author- *^^^ ^g , ^ram. to speak. In Kal on- 
 ity, reign, used almost exclusively ly^Prov. 6: 13. 
 
 in the later writers, and equivalent pi, {jem. Job 8:2. Ps. 106: 2 ^a 
 
 to ntDbTS^ in the more ancient. 1 j-,ij^^ niinii* bV.'?: t/io can jpeu^ 
 
 Chr. 12: 23 bli<;y nob^ /te royal the mighty deeds of Jehovah ? 
 
 authority of Saul. Dan. 1: 1 in the Deriv. JibTS. For the forms b^S^, 
 
 third year tZ^^p'^in'^ msb^b of the and bb.'"'^'?/*^ b^3 and bl. 
 
 reign of Jehoiakim. 2:1. 8:1. 1 Chr. '^^^ Chald. found only in Pa. bba to 
 
 26: 31 .-n:i3b;^ri n^2 A rot/a/ p/. ,-,^;^^^ jy^^ ^. g^ j j^ gO, 25. 
 
 ace, (otherwise called ^b73rT'"n''2 ,^ ^-i-Lmi . n i t i ^ 
 V ! \ n n .n r . ^ '' ^ . ," '^ " /JPA m. dec. II. b. Judg. 3: 3 l^Tsba 
 Est. 1: 9. 2: 16. 5 : 1 -^noi< u;rbm ' ' . r , . . 
 
 _ ^v J r. 7 " i*' " '", "Ipsn fiw ox-goad, for drivmg oxen. 
 
 t\^'y:>l2 and Esther put on the royal ''""v t- vt , ., 
 
 '^ ^ Root ^-A4.J 1. q, f*C\j /o strike, smite, 
 
 garments. j, ^ \ 
 
 2. a kingdom. n'^:\r:'^ n^3b)3 Y'^^ ^^ ^* smooth. Comp. the kin- 
 <^e kingdom of Judah, 2 Chr. 1 \.\1. dre 1 root t:b73. Used only metaphor- 
 tD"ii"Us ri:)Db?3 the kingdom of the ically, to be pleasant, Ps. 119: 103. 
 
 C/m/c/.n*, Dan. 9:1. Plur. ni'D^^a -)2b^, with the article -li^bTatl, 
 Dan. 8* 22. -:.' - : -^ 
 
 ^^ * ' /" Dan. 1:11, 16. a steward, ohovo- 
 
 j^ .'.^"' 37a m.{kingof righteousness) f4og, in the Babylonian court. It is 
 Melchisedek, proper name of a king ^^"^l^^ considered a proper name ; 
 of Salem, and priest of Jehovah. ^"^ ^^^ prefixmg of the artic e, and 
 Gen. 14: 18. Ps. 110:4. ^*^ etymo ogical meanmg, (comp. 
 
 jn'r^^r^ ^. v , _ . . , . ^ Pers. fMKj\^ prmfectus palatii sen 
 
 C37a i.q t33b?3 and "rbb, an idol of , JT, / / r u 
 
 7.- . . / , ' * ,., ^ me^awn,) are m favour ol its being 
 
 the Ammomtes and Moabites Jer. , appellative. 
 
 49: 1,3. Zeph. 1: 6. (In Am. 1: 15, j^^ ^^ 
 
 the word is an appellative and does f rJ^ to break, but without separating 
 
 not belong here.) As the proper entirely. Lev. 1: 15. 5: 8. Others: 
 
 name of a person, I Chr: 8: 9. to pinch off. Sept. dnonvlCo}. 
 
 QD7^ Milcom i. q. Molech, an idol of TV\^bl2 m. verbal from nj^b, dec. I. 
 
t^^ 368 tD^^ 
 
 1. prey, booty, spoil ; but strictly tard. The etymology is doubtful, 
 only of Iivinsf animals. Hence Num. Perhaps we may compare ^D73 
 
 , , . - * 1 - - : .: - V byr. j.miiO m Aph. to despise, m 
 
 rr'^Un-DMI captivos et prcedam et ex- . , . ^ 
 
 '.'"*= ^ .. r."- or. .. Arab, by transposition, t"i73 it/em. 
 
 uvtas. Inverses 11,27,32, it in- ^.^^ ^ ' 
 
 eludes the captives ("^^'^j .) Is. 49; ^^'^M ^' verbal from 'iDJs, dec. 
 
 24,25. ' 11. b. 
 
 ^2. t=l":nip!:^ the jaws, fauces. Ps. i. a^a/g. Lev. 25: 27, 29, 50. 
 
 .22: 16. 2. something sold. Lev. 25 : 25 
 
 tbip /? 53 m. verbal from U;pb, </ie Za/- "'^H^'^^'?^ that which his brother 
 
 lev 'rain, which in Palestine falls in ^^^^' '^^^* ^^^'^^^ ^^^ ^^- E^^*^' ^ 
 
 the months of March and April, be- ^^* ,. ^ 
 
 fore the harvest. Deut 11: 14. Jer. ^ ^' ^omfn^g for sale, venale. Lev. 
 
 3: 3. 5: 24. Comp. rrni"^ and n^i^tt ^^= ^^- ^^^' ^^^ ^^ 
 
 /Ae ear/i/ rain. j^*!}.'?^'^. ^em. of ^3^73, a sale or sell- 
 
 ti^n'pbl2^ masc. dual, verbal from ^ *1^^- '^ev. 25: 42. '' 
 
 n^i-' nlD'^^^.^'f. const, np.^.^^, with suff. 
 
 r. pincers, tongs. Is. 6: 6. "nDr^?3, plur. nisr^aT:", verbal from 
 
 2. snvjfers. 1 K. 7: 49. 2 Chr. 4: ^C^^ Jj^c. XI. f. ' "' " 
 21 1. a kingdom. 
 
 U^tl^blZ masc. dual, dec. L i. q. 2. ro^a/ authority or dominion, 
 
 to-^ripV^ no. 2. Ex. 25: 38. 37: 23. T'^^^- 1 K. 1 1 : 1 1 . 1 4: 8 - n^:? 
 ^ V'^ lr::Dt7372n f/ie roi/aZ city, Josh. 10: 2. 
 inrir^./jf. a chamber in which clothes i bam. 27:5. !l5b^7i:n IT'S i/tc 
 
 are ^'e/;, a wardrobe. 2 K. 10: 22. royal residence, Am.'?:']^ 
 
 (In Ethiop. nnnb Testis byssina.) -..^Lk-'n .> 
 ^L^^l,^ i r ^ V T . n^D^Mf. const. n^D-7:73, verbal 
 
 m^Tl'a plur. fem. dec. XI. eue-feci/i, r^I,-t,i. i m '* S r , 
 
 ,--:-'.. ^ ^ ^ , ' irom ^r^, dec. 111. c. 2(iem. Josh. 
 
 dentes camm. rs.58:7. bee mi'^n^^. j^; \2 ff' 
 
 nn;^M f (with Dagesh euphonic,) 'TJC^JQ m.verbal from ^D^,mmrimne, 
 dec. X. Joel 1 : 17. a storehouse, ' J^-,^^ ,^,^-g^ p^.^^^ c^^^ ^^ g^.j^ 
 granary, corn-loft. Derived either ^^i^k- 
 
 from ^^^J2 kcah.vendidit, or directly ''? v "^' ^^^^^rness, affliction, grief 
 from the'subst. !r5">n:i!^ a storehouse, Prov.l7:25. Root ^'^73 ; comp. 'o'Dri 
 by prefixing :a; like -)*:ii, rT"!^!^ a ^^^m DD^ , h^lT) from b^2. 
 pi/6o/t;ooc/;nr:;N")^, nib^^.^, etc. >5'lS.^Gen. 23: 17, 19. 35: 27. Mam- 
 
 tD'^'^M masc. plur' dec. VlU.'verbal ^^/^nd N^.72a \2lK\ 13: 18. 18: I. 
 from nn^, the measures or measuring ^^ turpentine trees ofMamre, a coun- 
 
 w' t7.k qo r try not far from Hebron, so called 
 
 rods. JODoo:o. r . i_ . * -^ i 
 
 . irom ^'^.l^lz an Amorite, and con- 
 
 T\Vyn found only in the plur. federate with Abraham. 14: 13, 24. 
 
 t:''n^7372, verbal from nTl^jdec.IIl. a. >c>^-^-l'n'n ^ ,^- ^i z' -^i r u 
 l.'deJ^Vmorto. Jer. 16: 4. - ^ "^'^- "f^- P'"^- (wuh Dagesh 
 
 zek. 28: 8. euphonic,) verbal from "I'na, bitter- 
 
 2.' 2 K. 1 1 : 2 Kethib, as a con- ^.^*' ^^^^^'^ ^<^^- J^^ 9: 18. " ' 
 
 Crete, t/'ie A;i7/ecZ. In the Keri Hp'^^ m. extension, measure. Ezek. 
 
 '='^^^^- 28:''l4 n-qiyt^ n^-|3 Vulg. C/ien/.6 
 
 ntM m. found only Deut.23:3. Zech. extentus, i. e. Cherub alis extentis. 
 
 9: 6. according to the Rabbins and Comp.Kx.25:20. Root n^J2 in Aram. 
 
 the ancient versions in Deut. a bus- to stretch out, extend. 
 
la 
 
 369 
 
 P 
 
 iPtSM m. verbal from ,^'^72 no. I. 
 dec.'li. b. 
 
 1. dominion. Dan. 1 1: 3, 5. 
 
 2, plur. U^bt^^JZ 1 Chr. 26: 6. as 
 a concrete, rulers, princes. 
 
 rSr-Quu f. verbal from ?"a:73 no.l. c?o- 
 minion. Mic. 4: 3. 
 
 n^^'jptJ^f. plur. n^b4j7:^., riib*^72, 
 verbal from b'Li^ no. I. dec. XIll a. 
 
 T 
 
 1. rw/e, dominion. Gen. 1: 16. Ps. 
 136:8,9. 
 
 2. a kingdom^ a dominion. 2 K.20: 
 13. 
 
 3. as a concrete, leaders., princes^ 
 chiefs, the general staff. 2 Chr.32:9. 
 See Vj^73 no. 2. 
 
 p^'Dtl tn. dec. II. b. found only Zeph. 
 
 2: 9 V^nn pu;!^^ place where net- 
 tles grow.) possessio urticce. Root Tr'^72 
 prob. to possess ; see p^*73. 
 C^'pjrit]^ masc. plur. frompn^, dec. 
 VIII. sweetness. Cant. 6: 16. 
 
 1^ m. with suff. ^>?3 (in some MSS. 
 without Dagesh) Neh. 9 : 20. dec. 
 VIII. the Arabian manna., a sweet 
 gum, which, in Arabia and oth- 
 er parts of the east, especially in 
 the months of July and August, be- 
 fore sunrise, and more frequently 
 after a heavy mist, oozes out of the 
 leaves of several trees, particular- 
 ly of the hedysarum alhagi, Linn, 
 and is gathered by the inhabitants 
 in small transparent kernels. Ex.16: 
 31 ff. Num. 11:6. Comp. Niebuhr's 
 Description de 1' Arabie. J.E. Fa- 
 ber Historia Mannae in Faber and 
 Reiske Opusc. med. Arab. p. 121. 
 (According to Ex. 16: 14, 31, it de- 
 rives its name from '\J2 what ? which 
 word, however, occurs only in 
 Chaldaic.) 
 
 p, before Makkeph -p, Chuld. 
 " \. who ? what? Ezra 5 : 3, 9. 
 Dan. 3: 15. Without an interroga- 
 tion, Ezra 5: 4. 
 
 2. '^'T"\12 whosoever^ quicunque. 
 Dan. 3: 6, fl. 4: 14. [4: 17.] 
 
 47 
 
 X^ m. plur. 13*^2^, astring. Ps.l50: 4. 
 Syr. ^ii:>. Here perhaps also Ps. 
 45: 9 '^I'n (as an uncommon plural 
 form for Wl'D^ although the exist- 
 ence of such a form is not fully de- 
 monstrated.) 
 
 ^12 and -^i before gutturals 73, more 
 rarely ?2, with suff. ^27372, (in poet- 
 ry -"it:, ,">:):;) ^73^, ^7372; ^S73.73, (in 
 poetry nn:73, ^TiZfl ;) :i27273 ; DS72 ; 
 t1V2', a prefix preposition. 
 
 1. from, (Most probably origin- 
 ally a noun from pT: in Arab, to di- 
 vide, allot., (comp. n:73,) and signi- 
 fying a part; whence perhaps in Ps. 
 68: 24 r\tll72 D"^n"'N7: T'lbs "ir^b 
 liter, the tongue of thy dogs., from the 
 enemies is its portion. Hence "27373 
 liter, d parte med-, i.e. a me.) 
 ']p.273 f'om the womb, from one's 
 birth, Judg. 16: 17. ntriT ^73^ on 
 this side of thee, 1 Sam. 20: 21*. ':^mi2 
 n^t^m on that side of thee, verse 22 
 
 : ITT / ' 
 
 n^ .... "{73, TTT .... "i^./ro/n ....<o, as 
 well.. ..as also., after a negation, nei- 
 ther. ...nor, Gea. 14:23 "IV") t3nn73 D5< 
 '?^ 'rrin">23 neither a thread nor a shoe- 
 latchet. 31:24. Ex. 22:3. Deut. 29: 
 10.^ Before "j^, we must often sup- 
 ply the word some. Lev. 5 : 9 Dl^ 
 some of the blood. Ex. 17: 5 ''apTlQ 
 ^^{"^"^3"^ some of the elders of Israel. 
 Dan. 1*1: 5. 
 
 2. of, out of Ps.45:14 ni:i:2ttJ7373 
 irrt of cloth wrought with gold. 
 
 3. at, in, on, by., in specifications 
 of time and place. 1^73 by the side 
 of, Deut. 31: 26. 71^.73 "oi the end of, 
 Deut. 15: 1. r^.'^n"n:"JJ73 in the year 
 of jubilee, Lev. 27:17. D'^'iJnn "db'^ijlZ 
 after three months, Gen. 33 : 24. 
 -5^^ a6oi3C, Deut. 5: 8. nnn73 be- 
 neath, 1 K. 8: 23. More frequently 
 followed by b; as bby7373 above,Dan. 
 12:6. b y^nJ2 without. Lev. 9:11. 
 
 4. on account of, concerning, de. 
 Lev. 6: 11 [6: 18J nin^ "^m^TS con- 
 
370 13^ 
 
 12. before a future, as a conj. 
 
 ihatnoU lest. Deut.33:ll "^^Ti^ip^ ]73 
 Sept. fi7] dvu(JTi]O0VTuc. Vulg. non 
 consurgaiit. 
 
 The following combinations are 
 worthy of notice ; (1.) 'nr^T?. and 
 '>'\'n^l2 from behind. 2 Sam. 7 : 8 
 *j&?2itl 'nniX'o/rom behind^ i. e. from 
 following, the sheep. (2.) V:ii<73//rom 
 the side of Buy one, from any one. 
 1 Sam. 17: 30. 1 K. 3: 20. (3.) DN^^ 
 i. q. iZj5?!p/ro/n the side of^ also sim- 
 ply from. Job 2: 10. Ex. 27: 21 
 let this be an eternal statute '^zz riN73 
 ^^'^^'^ on the part of the children of 
 Israel. {'^.)y^zl2from between^ out of; 
 see yz. (6.) 'I'JZ'q idem ; see ^1^2. 
 (6.) I^.i^^/rom ouer against. (7.) ^^73 
 //om ofcove, //-om upon ; see by- 
 (8.) a2;)3/rom tt'if/i; see tD5J. So ia 
 Chald. nib-;:q, tzi'ij^-jTs. 
 
 Note. The force of 173 is some- 
 times, though more rarely, entire- 
 ly lost ; as ^nnN73 after ; b:i>N72 with; 
 ^S12 beside, ier. 3G: 21 . As synony- 
 m'ous with -^12 we tind "jtsb, "'iXDb, 
 times the tertium compnrationis J udg. 19: 30. Ex. 9: 18. 
 is omitted, as Job 11: 17 tnptl^^^. ^ chald.ic/m.-^^-p became, since, 
 ^\n Ql p^ more {clear) than the noon- ' j^^^ ^. Qg. i^^-p", tliljp-p. cer- 
 day rises]hy life. ?s. e -iO. ^^., ^^^^ D*a"n. 2: 8, 47. With 
 
 9. 6^, f/iroug/., expressing the ef- ^^^^^ I -^^ ^ . ^,^. 
 ficient cause. Job 7:14. Cant. 3. 10. ..>,. 
 
 Ecc. 12: 11. i^jt: Chald. see rO/2. 
 
 10. without. Job 11:15 1-^727: j] J.y. --h- 
 tfi^Aout 5^0^ 21: 9 ^r272 wi/iof n%Sj^a,see ilJLJ . 
 
 ^Ti. before an infin. (1.) because, ^r'^f. f- verbal from 1,:, dec. X. a 
 
 t:5ni^. n'ln^ riin^TS because Jeho- satire, i. q. n5'*S:. Lam. 3:63. 
 vah ioved\jou, Deut. 7:8. (2.) since ;-i-3^ ^^ Chald. J.q! n-73 (by a reso- 
 that.^ZChr.2>\: 10. (3) usually 5o ,- ion of the Dagesh forte intoNun,) 
 ,/^t....no^ Gen 27:1 l^s eyes were ~ ,^^^^^^^^^^ 7:24. 
 
 c/m nN-573 o f/iai he could not see. '^^^^^ ^^^^ 
 
 Fv 14:5 :iD^n^"73 that they should ' 
 
 : ?U" 0.7 i/pA. 10 5'"='2 m. Chald. i.q. Heb. r, (by a 
 
 not serve us. 1 bam. b. 7. is. .^4. lu. -. - 
 
 cerning the offerings of Jehovah. 
 Deut. 7: 7 DlDS'lTS on account of your 
 multitude. 
 
 5. towards, to, versus. D'^|^.^ <o- 
 U'flrc?s (/ie ca9^ Gen. 13:11. comp. 
 Judg. 7: 1. p'lP'^'^. to a distance, 
 Prov. 7: 19. Is. 22: 3. 23: 6. 
 
 6. against. "(12 NCDtl to sin a- 
 gainst, I'D 112:1 to stand against, Dan. 
 11:8. Deut. 33: 7. 
 
 7. before, in presence of *j73 N^^ 
 to fear before any one. Often sy- 
 nonymous with "^psb , Nah. 1 : 5 
 S|i7273 JiUii'l D"''^!^ mountains trem- 
 ble' hefore\im. Num. 32 : 22 JD^jPO 
 bJ<nil3"^72'1 nin''73 innocent bfore Je- 
 hovah and before Israel. Gen. 3:14 be 
 accursed in presence of all cattle and 
 all the beasts of the field. 4: 1 1 be 
 accursed before the earth, i. e. let 
 the world regard thee as accursed. 
 
 8. more than, pri. Judg. 2:19 
 t:ninN!.73 ^irrriprj they sinned more 
 than their fathers. Jer. 5: 3. Hence 
 it is used in comparisons, to ex- 
 press the comparative degree, as 
 yr\V2 I2it3 better than gold. Some- 
 tertium compnrationis 
 
 The intin. ni''7 is sometimes to be 
 supplied, as 1 Sam. 15: 23 he has re- 
 jected thee ^]:^2J2from being king,le. 
 that thou he "no 'longer king. 1 K.15: 
 13. Jer. 2: 25. 48 :2 ^i.^73 riin'^'nlDa 
 let us cut it off from being a ^latioh. 
 
 resolution of the Dagesh forte into 
 Nun.) Root srn? lo know, ful. y^r . 
 
 1. knowledge, intelligence. Dan.2: 
 21. 5:12. 
 
 2. understanding, mental faculties. 
 Dan. 4: 31, 33. [4:34,36.] 
 
fM 371 13^ 
 
 TM 1. to number, to count ; e. g. a ^^l^P, m. verbal from !;ri:, dec. II. b. 
 
 people. 1 Chr. 21: 1, 17. 27:24. a' driving oi: a chariot "ZK. 9: 20. 
 
 2. fo /exji/, muster, an army. 1 K. fnn)2 f. dec. X. a hole, cavern. 
 
 20: 25. - - 
 
 3. fo ap/join<. Is. 65: 12. Judg. 6: 2. Root '^ns in Arab, to 
 
 Niph. 1. to he numbered, counted. dig. 
 
 Gen. 13: 16. Ecc. 1: 15. YlD^ m. ver,bal from l^i:, dec. III. a. 
 
 2. io be reckoned, accounted. Is.53: r> "^ .. . r v* _ ^ u i j? 
 
 J 9 ' Ps. 44: 15 -iJi^-l llDTi a shaking of 
 
 Pi. 1. ro appoint, assign ; con- <'< ^^? '-e- an object at which the 
 
 strued with ^. Dan. 1: 5. Job 7: 3. ^^^^ shaken. 
 
 Ps. 61:8 ^iri'nri:"; )12 appoint or HID^ m. plur. D^h^:^ Ps. 116:7. 
 
 grant that they may preserve him. verbal from HI 3, dec. III. f. 
 
 2. ^0 appoint, destine, order ; sp ok- i. rejfhW place. Gen. 8:9. Deut. 
 en of God. Jon. 2: 1. 4: 6, 7, 8. 28:65. 
 
 3. to set or appoint over any thing. 2. re^^ Lam. 1 : 3. Also rest or 
 Dan. 1:11. provision for a woman by marriage, 
 
 Pu. pass. 1 Chr. 9: 29. Ruth 3: 1. 
 
 T]yi2 or ^5"^, Chald. to count, num- fin^2)2^ fern. ofnr.Jz, dec. X. 
 
 6er. Dan. 5: 26. Part. pass. n:72 ^ 1. 'a resting place. Num. 10: ^3. 
 
 numbered., verses 25, 26. Mic. 2: 10. 
 
 Pa. "^172 to appoint to an office. 2. rest, state of quietness. Ruth 1: 
 
 Dan. 2: 24, 49. 3: 12. Ezra 7: 25. 9. (comp. 3:1.) Jer. 45: 3. "23 
 
 5 nimstt *rt7/ K;aier5, Ps. 23: 2. Par- 
 
 i13'Q m. dec. IX. b. (Arab. M-, Syr. ticularly the quiet possession of Ca- 
 
 'j" , y^ J ^ pg_ 95. , I j)gu( ]2. 9 
 
 \^^;)amaneh,;,Uehve^y,eight,p^ ^ ^^^^^^.^^ ^^ ^^^ j^^.^^ 
 
 Irin 9 rh"^"^,i' '/' ^A ^nn commentators, o'cAiW, ,o6o/e,, (see 
 
 shekels. Another statement is * j , , / , , 
 
 found in Ezek. 45: 12 twenty shekels, ^"^ delicately hringeth up his servant 
 
 fve and twenty shekels, fifteen shek- Z''^"* ^^'^^' P^^ "'"n" ^""^.^^1 
 
 els, shall be your maneh. We may <^*fi" *^fl^^ he afterwards become his 
 
 supply between these numbers ei- son. Luth. so will er darnach ein 
 
 ther and or or. In the first case Junker seyn. Others : ingratitude, 
 
 we have one maneh of 60 shekels; ^^om "^^72 in Arab, benefacta expro- 
 
 in the latter 3 different manehs of bravit. 
 
 ^ 20, 25, and 1 5 shekels. ^'^3^^ ^ith suff. ^t ^ 373 , verbal from 
 
 ni2 verbal from frJD, dec. X. and oi2, dec. III. f 
 
 Xi. a. ' ' 1. a^%/i^. Jer. 46:5, 
 
 1. apart, portion. Ex.29: 26. 2. a refuge. Ps. 142:5. Job 11: 
 
 Lev. 7:33. Particularly of food, 1 20. 
 
 Sam. 1: 4.-nj:^ nb,^ to send por- ^^^3^ ^^^^ of oizi2,Aec.X. aflight. 
 
 '"t i n'^iv'A'ri'V^'^f '^'|- Lev.-*26: 36. Is. 52: 12. 
 ^* i'^' p^yi lot, destmy, Jer. 13: 
 
 25. ^13^ m. dec. III. a.jugum. (Syr.and 
 
 nob foand only in the plur. D^^Ta ^^^^- "^""^ jugum aratoritun et ieo;- 
 
 imc., Lat. mm. Gen. 31:7, 41. Lit- toHum.)ti-^:^;^i< 'I'iDTa a weaver's 
 
 er. paH5, (from i^2a fo wwm6er;) 6cam, 1 Sam. 17: 7. 2 Sam. 21: 19. 
 
 comp. n; no. 7. THID^^ f. verbal from *^13, dec. X. 
 
'^:)2 
 
 372 
 
 a^ 
 
 a candlestick^ particwlarly the great 
 candlestick or chandelier in the tab- 
 ernacle of the congregation. Ex. 25: 
 31 ff. 30:27. 31:8. 37:17.39: 37. 
 
 .1? . masc. plur. (with Dagesh 
 euphonic,) dec.I. Nah. 3: 17. chiefs, 
 , princes, optimates, i.q. ^"'p Gen. 49: 
 26. Deut. 33:16. '^- " 
 
 iin^^ f. verbal from n:^ in Arab, to 
 1- 
 
 give, dec. XII. b. 
 
 1. a present, gift. Gen. 32: 14. 
 
 2. particularly a present or (iffer- 
 ing to the deity. Gen. 4: 3, 4, 5. In 
 the Mosaic ritual a meat or a drink 
 offering, such as was brought with 
 the animal sacrifice, Lev. 2: 1,4 5: 
 6. 6:7 ff. 7: 9. Hence t^Tr272^ n?t 
 sacrifice and offering, P. lO: 7. 
 
 3. a tribute, custom, to a ruling 
 nation. 2 Sam. 8: 2,6. 1 K. 5: 1. [4: 
 21.] 2K. 17: 4. Ps. 72: 10. 
 
 nn^t) Chald. idem. Dan. 2: 46. Ezra 
 7V17. 
 
 ^3/3 Is. 65: II. name of an idol, per- 
 haps the god of destiny, from 11:73, 
 
 (like n.n.) Comp. iAX/C Manah, one 
 of the three daughters of God in 
 the mythology of the Arabians be- 
 fore the time of Mohammed. 
 
 "^3^ Jer. 51: 27. (perhaps Ps. 45: 9.) 
 name of a country, according to 
 the Syriac and Chaldaic versions, 
 Armenia ; but most prob. onh'^ a 
 province of that country, as it is 
 
 was brought from this place to the 
 market of Tyre, Ezek. 27: 17. 
 
 >r2a dec. IX. a. prob. a possession, 
 prosperous condition. With suff. 
 tDh/O Job 15: 29. Root rT>2 Is. .33: 
 1. to finish, make an end, i.q. Arab. 
 
 JU (med Ye,) whence jU^ V.A.J 
 yoTsoer, substance, possession. 
 ^Da to hold back, stop, check. Ezek. 
 31: 15 ^:''nT^-: i>272^?T and I will 
 check its streams. Construed (1.) 
 with '^72, to restrain or preserve from 
 any thing. 1 Sam. 25:26, 34 *i"i^i< 
 ^n5< 5'"n5l73 '^j^'272 who has restrain- 
 ed me from doiuir evil to thee. Jer. 
 2: 25 P]n*7: '^b.;'! ^yj72 preserve thy 
 foot from being unshod., i. e. run not 
 so fast as to lose thy shoes. 31 : 16. 
 (2.) with an accus. of the thing and 
 173 of the person, to withhold from 
 any one, to deny or refuse him. Gen. 
 
 30:2 itDi -i^^s ^73 tj y:73 n'>p^f who 
 
 hath withheld from thee the fruit of 
 the womb. 2 Sam. 13 : 13. I K. 20:7. 
 Job 22:7. More rarely with b of the 
 person, Ps. 84:12. or with an ac- 
 cus. of the person and 173 of the 
 thing. Num. 24: 1 J. Ecc. 2: 10. 
 
 Niph. to be kept back, stopped, 
 Jer. 3:3. 
 
 2. reflex, to hold one^s self back, 
 to forbear. Num. 22: 16. 
 
 3. to he withheld or denied, con- 
 strued with ]73. Job 38: 15. 
 
 mentioned in connexion with t2"i^N /^^*^^^ m. verbal from b?:, dec. I. a 
 (q.v.) Bochart (Phaleg, lib. i. cap. bar. Cant. 5: 5. Neh. 3: 3. 
 
 3. p. 19, 20.) compares Mvvvag, a ^ijTn kit t.. j ir u 
 
 A- i- * c K T u- A V- r*^J/-J m. verbal from b>3, dec. II. b. 
 
 district of Armenia. Josephi Antiq. -r -'' 
 
 *^3^ i. q. 173 , a poetic form with par- ^^^?^^- masc. plur. dec. VIII. dain- 
 
 'agogic Yod. Judg. 5: 14. Is. 46: 3, ^*^^' delicacies. Ps.l41:4. Root tD^D, 
 
 Also written ^1J2 Is. 30: 11. ^ ^^''^- spoken also of rich food. 
 
 ^y^_j)2 masc. plur. 2 Sam. 6 : 5. 
 
 \^y 
 
 ni^3i3, seenDt:. 
 
 l^^'D m. Chald. number. Ezra 6: 17. 
 
 Root t?:73. 
 ri^^S^j a place in the territory of the 
 
 Ammonites. Judg. 11: 33. Wheat ri'^j^jt] found only in the plur. DVp.:?:, 
 
 name of a musical instrument, ac^ 
 cording to the Vulg. sii'fra ; liter, 
 part. Pi. from :^^jto be sliaken, agi- 
 tated. 
 
nb^ 
 
 373 
 
 JlDtl 
 
 dishes for receiving the hlood ofviC' 
 tims. Ex: 25:29. 37: 16. Num. 4:7. 
 
 (Syr. idem, from the root \Li 
 
 in Pa. to pour out^ libare.) 
 
 rippl^ f. a nurse. See the Hiph. of 
 
 2. as an adv. ro?mt/ aiour. 1 K. 6: 
 29. 
 
 3. plur. const, as a prep, round 
 about. 2 K. 23:5 tD';V^n"^'; ^npJ2 
 round about Jerusalem. nisDD idem, 
 Job 37:12. 
 
 'l^D^ m. verbal from ^^'0, strictly 
 
 Jer. 
 
 M up 3^2 m. (^causing to forget, see Gen. 
 42:51.) Manasseh, the son of Joseph, 
 who, being- adopted by his grand- 
 fatheP;, inherited equally with the 
 sons ot Jacob. Gen. 48: 1 ff. The 
 teritory of this tribe lay one half 
 on the east, and one half on the west 11*^5052 f. plur. nT'naD?3, verbal from 
 . of Jordan, Josh. 17 : 8 ff. The pa- j^^j^ dec. XIII. a. 
 
 part. Hiph. 
 
 1. a smith. 2 K. 24: 14, 16. 
 24: 1. 29:2. 
 
 2. a place of conjinement^ a prison, 
 liter, that which encloses. Ps. 142: 8. 
 Is. 24 : 22. 
 
 1. a prison. Ps. 18: 46. Mic.7: 17. 
 
 2. a border, ridge. Ex. 25:25 ff. 37: 
 14. 
 
 3. 1 K. 7:28,29, 31,32,35,36. 
 2 K. 16: 7. ornaments or decorations 
 of the brazen bases or stands for 
 the molten sea. It appears from 
 verses 28, 29, 31. that they were 
 four-cornered plates on the four 
 sides of each stand. Comp. Syr. 
 
 '\OjZ m./oundaaon of a building. IK. 
 7: 9. Root ID'' to found, whose Yod 
 assimilates itself in many forms of 
 the verb. 
 
 tronymic noun is "^wJ^O, Num. 4:43. 
 rijt] f for nN:72, (from tijTJ,) irreg. 
 plur. nii<:^ Neh. 12:44. and n^^Vq 
 12:47. 13:'l0. (with Kamets im- 
 pure,) a part., portion. Ps, 63:11 
 Jl'^n"' D'^}:2?^ ri:73 a portion or prey 
 for foxes shall they be., pars vulpium e- 
 runV Ps.l 1 :6 DDIS n:72 this shall bethe 
 portion of their cup. 16 : 5. Particu- 
 laily a portion of food, see the pas- 
 sages in Nehemiah. 
 
 Cu m. Job 6:14. unhappy, afflicted, 
 
 cast down. Root tO'n. 
 0^ m. dec. VIII. f. tribute, soccage-, 
 
 more fully lib D, 1 K. 9: 21. 2 ^^^^C'D m. a colonnade, porch, porti- 
 Chr. 8: 8. Dnb rT'n Deut. 20: 1 1 . ' * / 
 
 T I , cyr. .TT o/^i o. o 1 cus, denom. from 'TlO , ^^n\!3 a 
 Judg. 1 : 30,33,35. Is. 31: 8. and ' ^ t ^ ^ J ' ' 
 
 ^1> D^l: n;r. Gen. 49: 15. Josh. 16: '' ^^^ ^^^S' ^'' ^^' 
 10. to become tributary, to be obliged ^^'^ ^'^' OD^ to dissolve. (In Chald. 
 to serze. O'qb ]n3 Josh. 17: 13. 
 Db d^lty Judg. 1:28. and py D'a DlilJ 
 Est. 10: 1. to impose a tribute on any 
 one, to make him tributary. ^^J* 
 D;an b? an overseer over the trib- 
 ute, an important officer in the court 
 of Israel, 2 Sam. 20:24. 1 K. 4:6. 
 12:18. D'^DT: "^^i^ collectors of 
 tribute, taskmasters, Ex. 1: II. The 
 etymology is uncertain. 
 
 DDt3 m. verbal from 110, dec.VIII.f. 
 
 ^^012, Syr. j.ai^ to dissolve, rot, rfe- 
 
 cay.) 
 
 Hiph. 1. ta cause to dissolve or 
 run down. Ps. 6 : 7 ''UJ'ny ""n^^"]! 
 JlplDN / make my bed to run down 
 with tears. 147:18. Fut. apoc. Dttni 
 39: 12. 
 
 2. metaphorically with lb. , to 
 cause the heart to melt, to throw into 
 consternation. Plur. I'^D/DH for 
 :)DX3ri Josh. 14: 8. 
 
 1. suhst. a circle of persons sitting tlD^, const. nBa, dec. X. enough, 
 together, a divan, consessus. Cant. 1: * ^l . ,o 'if T /-.u n ^*-. \ 
 if. comp. the root aSD 1 Sam. 16: '^'"'"(Syr. Aaiio , Chald. noas.) 
 
 II. 
 
^D^ 374 ^DtS 
 
 Bent. 16 : 10 ^V-n5"[3 nD73 as JTl^ll^ "rjC^-ni^. b^'^l andheremov 
 much as thy hand can give. ed tlie covering of Judah^ i. e. he X- 
 
 U^r\_ f. verbal from HD: , dec. X. a ^ P^^^ ^^^"^ ^ *^^^^ reproach. 
 temptalion. * ^"ii? . ^- verbal from ^^D, dec. X. a 
 
 1. spoken of the miracles of Je- covering, Ezek. 28: 13. 
 
 hovah, by which he tried the pco- j ^^^^ r i i r -^ i 
 
 pleof l/rael. I)cut.4.-34. 7:19. ' "3?. f. verballrom ^?: no. I. 
 29: 2. dec. X. 
 
 2. a tempting of Jehovah, i. e. a 1- casiino- or pouring out of me- 
 murmuring against him. Ps. 95: 8. tal. nSSTS b^.5^ a molten calf Ex. 
 Hence the name of a place in the 32: 4, 8. irr^DT: "^nlri^ molten gods, 
 desertt-:&^, Ex. 17: 7. Deut. 6:16. Ex.34: 17.'"" *" * 
 
 9: 22. 33: 8. 2. particularly a molten image. 
 
 3. a suffering or trial from God, I^eut. 9: 12. Jiidg. 17:3,4. 
 
 i. q. nnguo^iog in N. T. Job 9: 23. 3. a covenant, a making of peace, 
 
 w-*,<i^^ . .. ^, GTJOi^dr]. Is.30: 1. 
 
 t iiUiJ m. a covering, veil. Ex. 34: 33, jj ^^^^^^ 
 
 34,"35. Rootn.D not used. Arab. ^'- "2^,3 f verbal from ^o: no. II. 
 
 5 >; ^ ' ^ a covering. Is. 2o: 7. 
 
 *^^**' a covering for a camel. 15^^. mpoor, unfortunate. Ecc. 4:13. 
 
 ta.ta..wh^ 9: 15, 16. It is a quadriliteral and 
 
 a^wS f. i. q. rs^rr^ a rWn /ifc?^e, ^1,^ j^ -^^ radical. (Found in all the 
 a quick hedge. Mic. 7 : 4. Root ^V^ cognate dialects. Likewise in sev- 
 to hedge, to hedge about, eral western languages; as in Ital. 
 
 nO'a m. verbal from no:, a keeping ^^^^^ino meschinello ; in Portug. 
 ^~ ' mesquinho, subst. mesquinhez ; in 
 
 ^' 1 1- D. French mesquin, subst. mesquinerie, 
 
 ^iTl'OlZ m. dec. II. b. traffic, commerce. poverty, indigence, for the most 
 1 K.'lO: 15. Root ^nD io ir.#c. P^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^"^^ of reproach.) 
 
 'riD^ to mix, i.q. ijra , fllayco, misceo. ^'^^'^PP. ^' d^""^- ^^^"^ 1=5^^, /'o;;- 
 Ps^ 102: 15. Is. '19: 14 ^C^ Jlin: '''Ji'' ''^"^- ^^"^* ^= ^^ ^^^ i'-^^ ' 
 t=i"^>:']< n^^ ~?")R2 ./c/ioraA Aui HIDSO^ plur. fem. stores, magazines, 
 poured out in the 'midst of them a by'transposition for n=!D::D?3, from 
 spirit of giddiness, i. e. has brought D:3 to heap up, comp. CD:. Ex. 1: 
 consternation among them. U^ed II. 1 K. 9: 19. 2 Chr. 8 : 4. 
 
 especially of the mixing of wine nhln'n r .t j / 
 
 Ki . *' . 1 * ilJUu i. threads of yarn, a web : oer- 
 
 with spices to make it more intox- v . - j n t^ "^^^^ > F^i 
 
 icating, Prov. 9: 2, 5. Is. 5: 22. haps more particularly the rcarp or 
 
 Deriv. ^D73. 'r^Z)12J2. ^"^"if- ^^^S- 16: 13, 14. Root ^jD:, 
 
 wKH^ , ir i* . J . in the Signification here of the A- 
 
 iwu m. verbal from ^D?2, mixed ziwine, , , ^^ \ , 
 
 ' ' V , . r, r^^- ^'^- /^^*^^ ^0 weave. 
 
 spiced wine. rs. 15: d. i_Li->^ v-^ 
 
 .-.^V^ , ^^ , , ^ ^ >^0/2 f. verbal from ):!:D, dec. X. 
 
 :\OU m. const. ^D72, verbal from ^5C, ' ^ , . , , , 
 
 '-- '-- . '-- 1. a wff?/, %/itiya2/. Judg. 20: 31, 
 
 dec. IV. a. a covering. 2 Sam. 17: 32. j g^^n,. g: 12. Is. 40: 3. Meta' 
 
 19. piirticularly the curtam before phorically a manner of life, Prov. 
 
 tiie doer of the tabernacle of the i6- 17 -/ ./ ' 
 
 congregation, Ex. 26: 36 ff. 39: 38. '^ ^j^- j^^ ^j astair-case, i.q. 
 
 40: 5. and before the gate of the ^1,5 2 Chr 9-11 
 
 court, 35: 17. 39: 40. More fully , , ^* 
 
 ^C'2^ riShs the veil of the covering, /V^^^ m. verbal from ^^D, a way, 
 
 3b:\2. 39 :'34. 40: 21. - Is. 22: 8 path. Is. 35: 8. 
 
:pds 
 
 375 
 
 1^12 
 
 ::'^yZpp_ masc. plur. Is. 41 : 7. 
 tD"'nX:D^ 1 Chr. 22: 3. and nin^p"^ 
 2 Chr. 3: 9. Jer. 10: 4. nails^ P^g^- 
 (Chaid. ^'2D to nail, to fasten with 
 
 5. ^ c 
 
 nails ; Arab, tv^am/o a nail.) 
 
 wOzJ to dissolve^ melt, faint.. In Kal 
 only Is. 10: 18. Kindred with JiD^. 
 
 Niph. ^122, in pause D^3, fut. 
 073";, infin. DTsrt. 
 
 1 .^0 melt^flow asunder or c7onyn.Ex. 
 10:21. Ps.68:3. Is. 34:3. Jud^.l5:14 
 and his bands melted^ i. e, loosed, 
 from off his hands. Spoken of scab- 
 by or mangy cattle, 1 Sam. 15:9. 
 of a sick person, Is. 10: 18. 
 
 2. used figuratively with i^, to 
 faint or fail, (from fear or alarm.) 
 Deut. 20. 8. Josh. 2: 1 1." 5: 1. The 
 figure is sometimes continued, as 
 Josh. 7 : 5 the heart of the people 
 melted Q'^ttb '^H'^T and became as 
 water. More rarely to faint or waste 
 azi^ay, (from sorrow or pain,) Ps. 
 22 : 15. Comp. Ovid. Ex Ponto, r. 
 2. 57. Also without n';? in both 
 these acceptations, 2 Sam. 17: 10 
 and also the valiant man 0/3"^ DTaJl 
 shall utterly faint or despond. Spok- 
 en of inanimate nature, Ps. 97 : 5. 
 Mic. 1:4 Ps. 112: 10 he melts 
 away., (for grief.) 
 
 Iliph. to cause to faint, to discour- 
 age. Deut. 1 : 28. 
 
 Deriv. o^ , D^.n. 
 
 Note. Several forms of the root 
 CM?3 borrow their signification from 
 DD'3. See Di<)3 no. II. 
 
 - T -r 
 
 ^D/3 m. a dart. Job 41: 18. [41: 26.] 
 (Arab. C yiA/^ sagitia, telum.) 
 
 *?D13 m. verbal from "D3, dec. II. c. 
 1. a removing, breaking up, march- 
 ing, departing, (of a Nomadic peo- 
 ple,) strictly the Aram, infin. Deut. 
 10: 1 1 tDl^ti '^:c^ yD^b to march be- 
 fore the people. Num. 10:2 i'DTsb 
 ni2h73r!-nJ^ for marching with the 
 eamps. Hence as a subst. a jour- 
 ney^ march Ex. 40:38. Deut. 10:6. 
 
 2. a station, encampment. Ex. 17: 
 1 &n'^3';!D:2b after their encampments. 
 Num". id: 6, 12. 
 
 3. a quarry. 1 K. 6: 7 i^73:UJ injj 
 j-073 unhewn stone from the quarry* 
 Sept. Uifoig uxooTOf-ioig uQyo7g. 
 
 '15^D'D m. verbal from lyo, a support^ 
 
 Idlustrade. 1 K. 10: 12." 
 ^D^^ m. const, nspn, vvith suff. 
 
 "^nsp^, verbal from nco, dec. VII. 
 
 d. a lamentation. Gen. 50 : 10. A- 
 
 mos 5: 16, 17. 
 
 i^lEDt!) m. fodder, provender, for cat- 
 tle.' Gen.''24: 25,32. 42: 47. 43: 24. 
 Root in Chaid. t^Dp Pe. and Aph. 
 cibavit. 
 
 r\'n^p)2 f. i. q. nrsp the scab. Lev. 
 13:6, 7, 8. 
 
 n'lriEDt]^ plur. fem. dec. XI. a. cusf^ 
 ions or coverings, to sleep upon. E- 
 zek. 13:18, 21. Symm. vixaviivia, 
 Vulg. cervicalia. Root TIZO to pour 
 out, perhaps to spread under. In 
 Ethiop. riDU; ledum expandit, stravit. 
 
 lSD/2 m, verbal from *i2D, dec. II. b. 
 
 1. number. As an accus. used ad- 
 verbially, in or by number, after the 
 number, Ex. 16: 16 LD^.'*n'>:;23 'nEpTa 
 after the number of your persons. Job 
 1:5. 2Sam. 21:20"'yzn^{^ tzi-^^'^;:^ 
 ^Bp?3 twenty four in number. 
 ^Ep?3 l^ij Gen. 41: 49. nsp72 y^'? 
 1 Chr. 22: 4. and -|2p73 "J^JJ-S^ Job 
 5: 9. 9: 10. without number^ innu- 
 merable. The opposite of these 
 phrases is n 3p'3 numerable, i. e. a 
 few; e. g. *i2p72 ""^^N, "^nTD few 
 people. Gen. 34: 30. Deut. 4: 27, al- 
 so preceded by a noun in the abso- 
 lute state, ^2073 ti:"'7q" a few days, 
 Num. 9: 20. ^ ' ' 
 
 2. a relation, narration. (Comp. 
 the verb in Pi.) Judg. 7: 15. 
 
 lOja in Kal only Num. 31 : 16 ^OTab 
 Slinks bt^ to attemptrebellion against 
 Jehovah. So it may be rendered, 
 
 7 7 
 
 in conformity with the Syr. jmiD 
 
^^)2 376 r\:^i2 
 
 opus aggressus seu ausus est. But the 2. a path generally. Ps. 140 : 6. 
 
 text is perhaps corrupted, and Often metaphorically, a manner of 
 should be written byJ^ h'^'^h as in life^ (like f|^,'7., ni^r]3.) Ps. 23: 3. 
 the parallel passages Num. 5: 6. 2 nb>"^ f. (denom. from n!::ty a t;a/- 
 
 Chr.36: 14. Ezek. 14: 12. ""\'"a; ; r .-j- "''= ^ 
 
 TVT , ^ , 1 , .J o/i,) a bulwark or fortificatiun forni- 
 
 JNipn. io oe numbered, reviewed. il^l r /o 
 
 / ./ ^ ^ ^_. c ca o me carria 0^65 0/ on army. 1 Sam. 
 
 (so the sept. comp. ^D^J in Samar. 17. gn 2r- 5 7 
 
 visitavit ;) or io 6e selected out or j__ * ' * 
 
 given up, (comp. the Talmud. *^^J2 >?^ ^^ totter^ slide., slip. Ps. 18:37. 
 
 trndidit.) Num. 31:5. Job 12: 5 b?.*) ^'l}'!]'^ those whose 
 
 rriD^ f. a contraction of D^bNTS , feet slip, Prov. 25 : 19 m2?^73 Irlil 
 
 verbal from *^Dfi<, dec. Xlll. abend, a tottering foot. The ancient gram- 
 
 fetter. Ezek. 20:^37. marians regarded it as an uncom- 
 
 nfn'n 1 Ti i_ mon form of the participle Kal, for 
 
 noa dec. n. b. i. q. ^0^,72 wammg, ^^^^^^^ ,t ,,y^y t,e the participle 
 
 instruction. Job 33:16. Root -|S- pj.;, f^^ y^^^^^ . ^p perhaps it 
 
 to admonish, instruct. u i, . ' j J^ i^ 
 
 ' should be read r^^-T^. 
 
 niriDa m. verbal from ^no, dec. I. Hiph. to cause to shake. F3.69:QU 
 a place of concealment., a covert, a re- I. C^S'^^'D, also tZ5''2^?.'3 and ni2l?^, 
 
 juge. s. 4: b. found only in the plur. verbals fi ora 
 
 irjip/3 m. verbal from *nnD, dec. II. li^. 
 
 h/a place of concealment, a lurking- 1- delight, joy. Prov. 29 : 17. As 
 
 place, a place for lying in wait.Fs.U): an adv. with delight, cheerfully,lSam. 
 
 9. 17: 12. Lam. 3: 10. 15:32. 
 
 ym^^>,k^ , TI 1 .71 7 2. delicate food, dainties. Gen. 
 
 i^i^U m.dec.U.b.an action,deed,work. 49.0)0 Lam 4-5 
 
 Job 34:24. x\lso in Chaldaic, Dan.4: rr _,u-ta.,,.h , , , 1 
 
 34. Root 125^. Chald. to do, to make. ^^' ^^^ "-<?- ^'''^- .P^"^' ^^*' ^3^ 
 
 h-k^..i^ ' ^ J ,^ transposition for nil-^'tt , from ^22> 
 
 n J> a m. verbal from ^ilsy, dec. IX. ,.,.,, "'" "' 
 
 "". , , jr ,r^ '"' , ^ to bind, fte. Job 38:31 n^*3 nn-l3"3 
 
 iM i/iicfc earth. ' ' ** ' "" ' '' ^^'^ ^^'"^' ^f ^^' ^^''^^'' ^ see n73-3. 
 
 "ID::?^ m. verbal from -|S:?, dec.ll.b, "^?.^!^ ^' verbal from ^"ISJ, a mattock, 
 '^'\. a ford, a shallow part of a riv ^eeding-hook, hoe, sarculum. Is. 7: 
 er. Gen. 32: 23. 25. 
 
 2. a narrow pass. 1 Sam. 13: 23. Jl^^ f. dec. XI. a. a small stone, a 
 
 3. /^/flce of passing. Is. 30: 32 Irb ^^^^^^ ^^^^^ y^^ ^g. jg ^.^^^y^^ ac- 
 
 ln"lD^^ 11X272 '^^^12 evcru place where .. ^ ^, *''* 
 
 ,^ui/j ..u,_ !_._ J/- cording to the ancient versions, 
 
 the destined scourge passes. ^^ ^^^.^;. ^^-^^ ^j^ (.,^3,^^^ ^^^ r^,^^;_ 
 
 rn^Z^'^ f.plur. ni^35>^, verbal from mud. 'J)2 obolus, nummulus, a kin- 
 ^sVidec. X. '" ^dredidea.) 
 
 \, a ford or passage of a river. ^?.'?. m. <3ec. IX. b. found only in the 
 ]'?.")!v5 n^^^y^ the fords of Jordan, phjr. CD'^y^.. (The singular is found 
 Jud'g. 3: 28. 'l'2: 5, 6. in Arabic.) 
 
 2. tnarrotiy/?a55. Is. 10:20. 1 Sam. 1. bowels. 'z; ^^,1^72 N^^ proiire 
 
 14: 4. e visceribus alicnjus, to be descended 
 
 b^^^,l2 m. plur. t=V and n^., verbal ^.^^sT^ S^Im ?'l" ' Ig'i /""'* 
 
 fromV^y <oro//, or denom. from 2. f/ic int;ar^ ar/, generally, 
 
 n^^S^^ a u'agon ; dec. II. b. ^^^ particularly Me womb. Gen. 25: 
 
 1. a track of a carriage. Ps.65:12. 23. Ruth 1:11 "'y^a 1=3^33 ''b-TOJl 
 
15'^ 
 
 377 
 
 D^^ 
 
 shall I yet bear children ? ''72N '^^^W^ 
 from my mother'' s womb^ Is. 49:1. Fs. 
 '71:6. 
 
 3. in a metaphorical sense, the 
 inward parts ^ the heart. Job 30: 
 27 ^.nrn ^yn^ my heart boiled. Lam. 
 1: 10. *Is.l6: 11. Ps. 40: 9 '^D'-iin 
 
 : IT 
 
 4. the belly ^ body. Cant. 5 : 14. 
 Comp. the Chald. 
 
 ^"^^'/D masc. plur. Chald. i. q. Heb. 
 t)'^^-?3 no. 4. Dan. 2: 32. 
 
 ^^^"^ m, i. q. nay a ca/ce. I K. 17: 
 12. comp. verse 13. Ps. 35: 16 
 5iy?3 "^ayb liter, sanniones placentce., 
 mockers at feasts., i. e. parasites v.-ho 
 support themselves by their wit. 
 In Talmud. n^l^S' l^**^'^ sermo placen- 
 t(B^the talk of a parasite.See wli'b no. 2. 
 
 T1*?^ m. more rarely Ti?tt, (with Ka- 
 mets impure,) with ^suiT. ""Ty^, 
 'n:?^ , plur. n^X2^72 , verbal from 
 T]y io 6c strong., fast ; dec. VIII. d. 
 a fortress,, fortification. Judg-. 6:26. 
 Dan. 11:7, 10. Ti:?^ ''nrP , Is. 17: 
 9. Metaphorically a defence., Ps. 60: 
 
 ' 9 "'sIJi<-\ Tiy73 i/ic defence of my head., 
 i.e. my helmet. Is. 23 : 4 D'^ ^i^-^ 
 the fortress of the sea^ i. e. Sidon ; 
 comp.ver.l4. P^zek.30:15.Spoken of 
 Jehovah, Ps.31: 5. 37:39. 43:2. 
 ^"^t?^ "TlbN the god of fortresses., 
 Dan. 11:38. a Syrian deity forced 
 upon the Jews by Antiochus Epi- 
 nhanes. rT':Tn3;'3 for n"iTni'73 with 
 Nun epenthetic, which is unusual 
 in the noun sulnxes, Is. 23: 1 1. 
 
 jiS?^ m. plur. D^r^i?^ I Chr. 4: 41. 
 verbal from l^y, dec. III. a. and f 
 
 1. a dwelling, (1.) of God. Ps.68: 
 6. Deut. 26: 15. (2.) of wild beasts. 
 Nah. 2: 12. Jer. 9: 10. 10:22. 51: 
 37. In 1 Sam. 2:29, 31. as an ac- 
 cus. used adverbially, to the dwell- 
 ing, like D'^z to the house. 
 
 2. a place of refuge. Ps. 90: 1. 
 
 3. proper name of a city in the 
 tribe of Judah, not far from Car- 
 
 mel. Josh. 15: 55 
 
 Sam. 25 : 2. 
 48 
 
 Hence 'y^.Vly-'^^'yq the wilderness 
 ofMaon, 1 Sam. 23: 24, 25. 
 
 4. name of a people mentioned 
 in connexion with the Amalekites, 
 Sidonians, Philistines, etc. Judg.lO: 
 12. Plur. n^^VJlq 1 Chr. 4: 41 Keri. 
 2 Chr. 26 : 7. In the last passage 
 they are joined with the Arabians. 
 The Sept. has rendered it 1 Chr. 4: 
 41. 3Iivmov, i. e. an Arabian peo- 
 ple on the Red sea, whose chief 
 city is KaQva. 
 
 TCjVJ^tl and Hji^'Qfem. of';i5r,dec. 
 
 X. a dwelling. Jer. 21: 13. Particu- 
 larly (1.) of God. Ps.76: 3. (2.) of 
 wild beasts. Ps. 104: 22. Am. 3: 4. 
 
 ]rjri^. see 'ii:?^] ^?s, -^v^ n^s, 
 
 tj^!?^ ra. verbal from p)^i> no. II. dec. 
 
 Ill c. darkness. Is. 8: 22. 
 11^^ m. dec. III. a. plur. d'^I'lS^Ja 
 
 pudenda. Hab. 2:15. Root ^n' 
 
 Arab. rVc i. q. r^^^ ^ f^ ^ ^^ 
 hare, naked. 
 T3?^ see Tir/3. 
 
 -r T 
 
 l^'^jO to be little, small, few in number. 
 Lev. 25: 16 Q^2"^n :2':>12 "cb accord- 
 ing as the years are few. Ex. 12: 4. 
 Neh. 9: 32. Also to become fezv, Ps. 
 107:39. 
 Pi. Uy;a intrans. as in Kal. Ecc. 
 
 12:3. 
 
 Hiph. t:'^^J2T] 1. to make small or 
 few, to diininish.Lev i25:\6. Nura.26: 
 54. 33: 54. (See no. 2.) Jer. 20: 24 
 '^:D''^"72n "jD lest thou make me [the 
 people) few in number. Ezek. 29: 15. 
 The action to which this verb 
 relates must often be supplied from 
 the context, as Num. 1 1 : 32 
 
 D'^n^nnn'ijy ;idn D^y^xairi he who 
 
 gathered little, gathered ten homers. 
 Ex. 16: 17, 18. 2 K. 4: 3 borrow for 
 thee empty vessels "^'Q^^'DV) Vfi? 1 scil. 
 Vi^U;'^, and not a few. 
 
 2. to s^ve little or less. Num. 35: 
 
^'J12 
 
 37a 
 
 3^12 
 
 S. Ex.30: 15 U-'i-^^ ^V ^Itl*! and 
 the poor man shall 7iot give less. 
 tO^^, less frequently t::^73, dec. 
 
 viii, h. 
 
 1. as an adj. a little^ a few^ pau- 
 ctis. Num. 26: 54 t:T72b to the few. 
 Plur. C^tiiTT: /eit', Fs. 109: 8. Ecc. 
 5:1. 
 
 2. more frequently as an adv. a 
 little^ paruin. Q^Jd l]^"73 a Utile water, 
 Gen. 18:4. 24: 1 7, 43. bD^^ t:^'73 a lit- 
 tle food. 43: 2. More rarely after 
 the noun, as t^'JlZ inX3 few people, 
 Deut. 2G : 5. t;:^-^: nt^; /ir^/c /ie//?, 
 Dan. 11:34. Also of time, u short 
 time, Ruth 2 : 7. Ps, 37 : 10. of 
 space, 2 Sam. 16:1. t:^:^ t:^^ hy 
 little and little, gradually, peu a peu^ 
 Ex. 23:30. Deut. 7: 22.--D3;j t::^-53rj 
 is it too little for you ? JYum. 16: 9. 
 Ezek. 16:20 l^-jnnnn^ t:5?7:ri -was 
 Ihcre too little of thy idolatry ? 
 
 which appears from 2 Sam. 13: 8. 
 and the description of the high- 
 priest's dress, to have been not a 
 mantle, but a second and larger tu- 
 nic without sleeves. (Comp. Hart- 
 mann's Hebraerin, Th. 3. p. 312.) 
 It was worn by women, 2 Sam. 13: 
 8. by magistrates. Job 1:20. 2:12. 
 especially by kings, I Sam. 15: 27. 
 18:4. 24:5, 12. and priests, 1 Sam. 
 28: 14. The high-priest wore it un- 
 der the ephod. Hence b'^:^''J2 
 nnCijJS^ Ex. 28: 31. 39; 22. (The et- 
 ymoIo;>'y is doubtful. If the J2 is ser- 
 vile, then we may collate the word 
 
 with b'^3> Arab. \^ ampla veslis, 
 
 from Jvi: tenuis, sublilisfuit. But 
 if 1:^73 is the root, its significa- 
 tions probably were I. to cover; 
 2. to act under cover., to deceive. 
 Comp. 1511 to deceiv,i^'2. a garment; 
 A'^'-^ to cover, deceive.) 
 
 In combination with a prefix, -^4:^1 ^i-i^n 
 
 :i:72S(l.) i. q. D??3 little, few, I ^ <'i. bowels, see Tl^U, 
 
 I'^P'O m. with suff. ^^'^^', plur. D-S^i'^, 
 const, ^zy^l^; and n^5^^'^, const. 
 
 2. a little, 2 
 
 Chr. 16: 19. Ps. 105: 12 
 Sam. 19:37. i'^n t2i'723 a little 
 moment, Is. 26: 20, Ezra 9: 8. (2.) 
 almost, liter, within a little, little 
 -was wanting. Gen. 26: 10. Ps.73: 2. 
 119:87. {6.) soon, shortly. Ps. 81: 
 15. 94: 17. (4.) scarcely. Cant. 3: 4. 
 (5.) suddenly. Ps. 2: 12. Job 32: 22. 
 (6.) as nothing, i. e. nothing worth. 
 Prov. 10:20. 
 
 w>'^, fem. nu:;?^, dec. VIII. d. found 
 only Ezek. 21:20. smooth, iini\ spok- ^ 
 
 t)l'Z']V72; i. q. 'J'^y a spring, foun- 
 tain. Gen. 7: 11.' 8: 2. Ps. 84: 7 and 
 they pass through a valley of 7eey>- 
 io-, ^mn^'9'; )1S!y2 they make it a 
 well. Ps. 87 :" 7 ?]2 ^zy_J2')::D all my 
 springs or fountains are in thee {Zi- 
 on,) i. e.all my joys or dai^y delights. 
 Others : all my views are directed to 
 thee ; comp. y:^. 
 
 en of a sword, glittering, sharp, sy- -l^^ ^o P''^^^^ squeeze, crush. Lev. 22 : 
 nonymous with XZ^TZ. (In Arab. 
 
 iOLXyc glaberfuit.) 
 
 nlj^^ m. verbal from Jit:^', dec. iX. 
 
 a. a garment, covering. Is. 61:3. 
 nl L^l^/2 f plur. verbal from >)D:? no. 
 
 I. mantles. Is. 3: 22. 
 
 ^^^2 m. a heap of rubbish, ruins, i. q. 
 
 ^i'. Is. 17: 1. 
 y^^^_ m. dec. I. ari upper garment, 
 
 24 ^^"73 with broken testicles, cas- 
 trated. 1 Sam. 26 : 7 Ti'D^'JJz in^:n 
 y*l5Jl his spear was pressed into the 
 ground. 
 
 Pu. to be pressed, in an immodest 
 manner, spoken of the breasts of 
 females. Ezek. 23:3. 
 
 T0:^12 2 Sam. 10: 6, 8. 1 Chr. 19:6, 
 7. and r\'DV12 Josh. 13: 13. a people 
 and country, east of Jordan, at the 
 foot of Antilibanus. More fully 
 TOV'q D-^wNt, I Chr. 19 : 6. The 
 
b^i2 
 
 ^79 
 
 s:pt) 
 
 gentile noun is '^n'DSJz Dent. 3: 14. 
 Josh. 12: 5. 13: ii. 2 K. 25 : 23. 
 
 Corap. nsy;^ n""?. ^nwV . 
 
 P?^, fut. rr^^ and bi>^\ 
 
 1. to sin^ transgress^ deal faithless- 
 ly. Prov. 16: 10. 2 Clir. 2G: 18. 29: 
 6, 19. IVeh. 1: 8. 
 
 2. joined with nin'2, to sin a- 
 gainst Jehov^ah^ especially to aposta- 
 tize from him. Beut. 32: 51. Most 
 frequently in the phrase yjJ2 h^'n 
 niln'^3 to transgress against Jehovah, 
 
 1 'Ch^. 5: 25. 10: 13. 2 Chr. 12:2. 
 
 3. joined with 2 of the thing-, to 
 offend in any thing. Josh. 7:1. 22: 
 20. 1 Chr. '2: 7. 
 
 I. f^J^ m. verbal from r^TS, a sin^ 
 transgression^ always in the phrase 
 
 2 ^^73 "^^12. See the verb. 
 
 II. /?/2 m. a contraction of T{b}"q 
 from n^^, liter, rehat is above; 
 hence as^an adv. above. Found on- 
 ly in the compositions, 
 
 1. b^^aa /roff-t above. Is. 45: 8. 
 Also simply above, Deut. 5 : 8. 
 5? ^^7373 above, upon, Gen. 22 : 9 
 tZ3''iEi';b ^^'7373 upon the rvood. Dan. 
 12:6 ^il^n '^TZ^lzb 7^'qJ2 upon the 
 -waters of the river. Also i. q. b^ by, 
 about, Is. 6: 2. 
 
 2. with rr local, lizVlz (1.) up- 
 zyarc/*. nH*^ nH'TS /i%^er and high- 
 er, Deut. 28: 43.' (2.) above 1 Sam. 
 9 : 2. especially of time. Num. 1 : 
 20. {?>.) forward, afterwards. ISam. 
 16: 13. 
 
 P?53 m. Neh. ^\Q. a lifting up, a 
 contraction of ribi^'^s from nVx 
 
 P^t!l Chald. plur. y\yn, setting of 
 the sun. Dan. 6:15. Root rbs? to 
 go in, 
 
 ^^?.?.'P. m. verbal from nb^, dec. IX. a. 
 
 1. a rising, place of rising. Neb. 
 12: 37. 
 
 2. a raised place, suggestus. Neh. 
 9: 4. 
 
 3. a hill, ascent. ^'^i?M nb^J2 
 the ascent to the city^ I Sam. 9:11. 
 2 Sam. 15: 30. 
 
 4. !:D'^2'n|:^" nbi?.^ {hill of scor- 
 pions) Nun^.. 34 : 4. Josh. 15 : 3. a 
 place on the southern boundary" of 
 Palestine. 
 
 nP^^ f. verbal from nby, dec. X. 
 
 1. an ascending or going up. Ez- 
 ra 7:9. Metaphorically niby72 
 uZDiHTl that which rises in your 
 heart's, Ezek. 11 : 5. com p. >5< l-h'J 
 
 2. height, a high degree. 1 Chr. 
 17: 17. 
 
 3. a step, stair. Ex. 20 : 23. 1 K. 
 10: 19. 
 
 4. a degree, on a sundial. 2 K. 20: 
 9, 10, 11. Is. 38: 8. 
 
 5. a lojt, story, i. q. fT^b?.. Am. 
 9:6. 
 
 0. nVr?;3n ^"'aJ the superscrip- 
 tion of Ps. cxx. and of those that 
 follow to the cxxxiv. liter, a *ono- o/" 
 degrees, prob. a designation having 
 reference to a certain versification 
 common to these fifteen Psalms. So 
 the Syrians call a certain class of 
 
 poems |.A9ri^5 |A-i*^D ^ca/ce oda- 
 
 rum. A conjecture concerning the 
 origin of these designations maybe 
 found in the A. L. Z. 1813. no. 205. 
 Others: trochaic songs, but it is not 
 probable that metre existed in He- 
 brew poetry. Others: pilgrim songf, 
 carmina ascensionum, sung by those 
 who went up to Jerusalem to wor- 
 ship, (comp. ribV Ps. 122 : 4.) but 
 this explanation is suited to only 
 a few of them, e. g. to Ps, cxxii. 
 
 P'^'P?.^ i. q. '^^^12 Zech. 1: 4 Kethib. 
 
 7x5^0 m. verbal from bby, dec. II. b. 
 a deed, work, action. Found only 
 in the plur. D''bb5?73 {I.) great deeds, 
 miracles, facinora Dei, Ps. 77: 12. 
 78: 7. (2.) actions (of men.) Zech. 
 1: 6. :'^!:b5?^ 5>nri, 2''t2^n to make 
 oner's actions good or bad, i, e. to act 
 well or ill, Jer. 35: 15. 
 
 'I'Dy^D m. verbal from *M2^, dec. II. 
 
 b. an establishment. 1 K. 10: 5. 
 1^5?'Q m. Ps. 69: 3. a place for stand. 
 
^5?^ 380 -15'^ 
 
 ing, a bottom. So Sept. CliaUl. 0th- root O^C to here. In Talmud, 
 ers make it the part, llopli. idem.) 
 
 ntnm i\ a burden. Zcch. 12:3. Root nn^^tD m. verbal from 'J-^:i , re 
 
 DttlP to load. strnint, hindrance. I Sam. Mi's. 
 
 ^^i^^?.'Q masc. plur. dec. VIII. ^lyp_ m. verbal from -i:^:^, restraint, 
 
 depths. Is. 51:10. Ps. G9: 3. Hoot Prov. 25: 28. 
 
 ri)2V to be deep. , ^ 
 
 ^J '' ^ ^ n^;^/J m. a battlement or balustrade. 
 
 kQ a contraction of ^iS^rj, from ' ' i 41 a . l- c .1 
 
 ' - - ^ ".-:-' round the flat root of an oriental 
 
 llD^ Arab, (j-^^ <o /lave tV view., to honse. Dent. 22: 8. Root Hp^ Arab. 
 
 purpose; liter, a subst. oyecf, pur- ^^^ retinuit, detinuit. 
 
 ;9oe. Onljr in the combination -j^^'::. GV^j;^^'^ ^^^^ pj^^^ verbal from 
 
 1. before verbs, that, so that; ^^z :;,'' crooked paths, h. 42: \G. 
 
 construed with a fut. Gen. 27: 25. -.^.JL"^ 
 
 Ex. 4: 5. with an iniin. Am. 2:7. E- '^" m, a contraction of nyj^ from 
 
 zek. 21:20. ^1^' 
 
 2li before substantives, (1.) on 1- nakedness^ I q. nins? . Nab. 
 
 account of. 1 K. 8:41. With sulT. 3: 5. 
 
 ''i?)^'^.i ^=^'2^ (-) according to., 2. vacant space. 1 K.7: 36 ^:^553 
 
 secundu?n, i. q. ^. T^TDd "^^l^b ac- ':^*i< according to the space of each 
 
 cording to thy name, Ps.' 10^:21. 25: ^"*' 
 
 11. 31:4. '^TCn l^'^b according to I. Hl!^^ m. verbal from S-iS^ no. I. 
 
 % grace, i. q. Tj'iDnsi Ps. 6: 5. 44: 2. dec. II. b. 
 
 27. 1. traffic^ commerce, exchange. E- 
 
 3. on this account, (for nfi<T "J^'^i? zek. 27: I), 27 ^^l'^?.^ ""^^^S? f^oje 
 1 K. 1 1: 30.) Ps. 30: 13. 51: 6. Hos! who carry on thy "traffic. 
 
 <^8:4. 2. merchandise. Kzek. 27: 13, 17, 
 
 4. ^^j&jt yj'qb that, ut^ Josh. 3:4. 19, 27 at the beginning, 33,31. 
 that, quod, Gen. 18: 19. 0/* this ac- [J. 2TJp_ m. verbal from nn^ no. 
 counf.Lev. 17:5. j,j ;j;;^"ii j, the place of 'sunset, 
 
 *^)j?P- m. verbal from ii:y, dec. IX.a. the "west. Ps. 75: 7. 103: 12. 107: 3. 
 
 *1. a7i a7WZ4)er. Prov. 15: 1, 23. ^s. 43: 5. 
 
 2. a AeanV/g. Prov. 16: 1. M-l^'tS f. verbal from n^3> no. 111. 
 
 3. a refutation., confutation. Job ^^^^Jj^ j^ ^^. ^^ 
 
 4. end., object. Prov. IG : 4. >Tl.?.^ '" ^n open plain without 
 (comp. Arab, ^r^ fo ,We in met..) ^,^^^ j^^^^^ 2^ . 33 ^^^^^ ^y' 
 
 T\^^j2_ f dec. X. afurro-o). Ps. 129: 3 vacant ground about a city.) *-' 
 
 keth. 1 Sam. 14 : 14. Usually de- 7111:?^] fem. plur. 1 Sam. 17 : 23 
 rived from Mj:^ subegit. j^^J-^' ^^^j^.^^^ ^ corruption of 
 
 ^^??.^- ^. ^c^crn. Ps. 129: 3 Keri. ri^3n^'9 the reading of the Keri. 
 
 riDi?^ f. a dwelling ; see n3i::?t3 . [^'the Kethib gives any meaning in 
 
 ^ r ^ T r Hebrew, we my collate it with the 
 
 nH^^'Cf. verbal from nitS^, sorro-jy. ^^ *^-> 
 
 \ sn- 11 "' Arab. S* -C caterva homintim. 
 
 1X?p_ m. a;i n.re, hatchet. Is. 44: 12. ""1?^. f- const, n^:^^^^, plur. ni'n:?;: , 
 5 ^ c dec. X. 
 
 Jer. 10: 3. (Arab. <-\AaJt^ tVe;/* ; 1- a hole^ cave, cavern. Gen. 19: 
 
W12 
 
 381 
 
 ^12 
 
 30. 1 Sam. 24:4,8. Root, ^^y 
 Arab. rvC to be deep, to be excavated; 
 
 jXD a hole, cavern. 
 
 2. Josh. 13: 4. according to some 
 a proper name of a place. Vulg. 
 jMaara. 
 
 y^Hiz/J m. dec. I. fear^ reverence, 
 or the object of fear or reverence. Is. 
 8: 13. Hoot yn^ to fear. 
 
 1J"l?u m. verbal from ^^2?, dec. II. b. 
 arrangement, purpose. Prov. 16 : 1 
 !3^."'^D'ni'^ the purposes of the heart. 
 
 nSl?n f. verbal from ^-\y, dec. 
 XI. a. 
 
 1. an arranging, a setting in or- 
 der. JlS"l?.72Jl nin: the lamps (of 
 the sacred candlestick) set in order, 
 Ex. 39: 37. Applied to the arrang- 
 ing of wood on an altar, Judg. 6: 
 26. comp. the verb Gen. 22: 9. 
 
 2. order of battle, battle-array. 1 
 Sam. 4: 16. 17:22, 48. 
 
 ^?.l?.^ f- verbal from '^^S> , dec. 
 Xill*. b. 
 
 1. order of battle, also an army 
 in battle-array. 1 Sam. 17: 8. 
 
 2. a row, e. g. of the shew-bread. 
 Lev. 24 : 6. Hence niD'nyTaJi Dnb 
 the shew-bread, for the more ancient 
 name D'^SBJi Dnb, Neh. 10: 34. Al- 
 so without cnl:, 2 Chr. 2: 3. So in 
 the same sense anb. n^ni;^ 2 Chr. 
 13: 11. nD-\r73n inbd the table 
 
 V v-i - ~ ":. 
 
 with the shew-bread, 2 Chr. 29:18. 
 a'^^n?^ masc. plur.dec. VIII. the na- 
 ked. 2 Chr.. 28: 15. Root Bn5> in 
 Arab, to make naked. 
 
 tlji^Vu f, sudden violence, terrour. Is. 
 10:33. Root y^:> to fear \ comp. 
 
 T^^.?.^ J^* verbal from M'i;5>, dec. 
 IX.* a. 
 
 1. a deed, action, concern, busi- 
 ness. Gen. 44 : 15. 47 : 3. Spoken 
 frequently of the mighty deeds of 
 -lehovab, Ps. 86: 6. Judg. 2: 10. K\- 
 
 so f acinus, as 1 Sam. 20: 19 tDT"'2 
 JlTpi?^ die f acinar is, namely, when 
 Saul attempted to kill David. 
 
 2. a work, labour., something done 
 or wrought. Tlin^ "^n"; ^1^?.^ a work 
 of Jehovah, Vs. 8:' 4, 7. 19:2 -rfiJy^ 
 CD1i< '^T' a work of men'^s hands, of- 
 ten a designation for idols, Deut. 
 4:28. Ps. 115:4. 135:15. Apphed 
 to ingenious mechanical labour, 
 i^n nt;?.^ damask-work, Ex. 26:1, 
 31. n\pn nvpi".^ /afnce-'tt;orA;, 27 :' 4. 
 Also a poetical work, noitifiu^ Ps. 
 45: 2. 
 
 3. property, res, like In5fi<b^ ; par- 
 ticularly the produce of the fieldy 
 Ex. 23: 16. cattle, 1 Sam. 25: 2. 
 
 'y^V'U m. const. nipy?3, with suff. 
 T"\UJy^, plur. nT"^\py53, denom.from 
 ^tDl', nUJy, dec.Vil.d. the tenth 
 ;)arf, rif/ie.?. Gen. 14: 20. Deut. 14: 
 23, 28. 26 : 12. ")tiy7atl-n2iy the 
 year of tithes, i. e. every third year, 
 in which the people made a feast 
 of the tithes in their own houses. 
 Deut. 26: 12. Comp. De Wette jud. 
 Archaologie, p. 247. Jahn's Bibl. 
 ArchaBol. p. 492. 
 
 niplp)/a fem. plur. o/7;}rC55ion5. Prov. 
 28: 16. Root p\ljy to oppress. 
 
 v|53 Memphis, proper name of an E- 
 
 gyptian city. Hos. 9; 6. Otherwise 
 
 called p]':, is. 19: 13. Jer. 2: 16. By 
 
 the Arabian geographers this city 
 
 c 
 
 is called ):)57a LAA/p,by the modern 
 
 Copts MENdi, MENOT0 and 
 NOT0, from which we may ex- 
 plain both the Hebrew forms, and 
 also the Greek name Me/LKpig. 
 Plutarch (De Iside et Osinde. p. 
 359. or p. 639 ed. Stephan.)^ inter- 
 prets the name OQfxov ayaifaiv 
 (from Copt, meh full and nouphi 
 good;) or racfop 'OaiQidig (from 
 Copt, mhau a grave, and onphi 
 tvegytTTjg, as Osiris is called.) See 
 Jabionskii Opusc. ed. te Water, T. 
 I. p. 137. ISO. 179. T, II. p. 131. 
 
b^'n 382 Y^ 
 
 ^"i^. . ^' " attack, or an oyec/ of r^S^^ m. dec. II. b. Prov. 8: 22. an<! 
 
 attack. Job 7: 20. Root 5>:;d . wU-.^w^ ^ , 
 
 Hrv. , , . "*, '^^-^^^ ^- ^ec. XI. a. Ps. 46:9. 
 
 ^Jii/J m. verbal from nSD, bellows. ca- r; ,^r.K^ia r,,^ v.^ 7 r 
 
 -t' bb. 5. verbals Irom p:?5, a u'orfc of 
 
 Jer. 6:29. God. 
 
 nS^ m. verbal from nCD, dec. II. b. 113?^^], see n^D"^^ . 
 
 Job 11: 20 tZ2 nBl2 the breathirii; \f^):\ ' r ^_ *' _ , ^ , . , 
 
 y^.'"" n^' aww^er. Jer. 51:20. stnct- 
 out or expirinor of the soul: comp. i., .^<. u- u r -._ 
 
 the phrase -iiD: n4: Jer. 15: 9. Job ^P^^' ^'P^' ^'''^ ^ ^ ^^"^ ^ 
 
 31:39. ' '^ ,,i^r 
 
 **w^H* I ..7 L Vii/U m. verbal from VSD, dec. 11. b- 
 
 ^^Sa m. a hammer, a battle-hammer, ''".. . . ' -t' ^^ *** " 
 
 ' a *maw^ Prov. 25: 18. Strictly part. ^^ ^^f^^tiiig m pieces. Ezek. 9: 2. 
 Hiph. from y^S to smite in pieces. "^j^S^/^ m. verbal from IDS, dec. II. b. 
 
 PEp m. verbal from ^DD, dec. II. b. ^- " nvmbering or cen^i/s of a 
 
 strictlv Ma^ t^^ncA to> down, or P^^P^^* 2 Sam. 24: 9 
 /a//s off. Job 41 : 51 [41: 231 ^!:S73 ^- " ^o"*^^'"^^- 2 Chr. 31: 13. 
 
 ^t;n ^/.e fleshy dewlaps. Am. 8*:'6" g,^* ^" ^^^^^^^"^^^^ ^^"^^- ^^^^^'- ^^' 
 ^? ^S?a f/ic re/M5c o/ the wheat. 4. -ij-;t:73^i -^^-^j name of one of 
 
 tll^^t?^^ f. verbal from N^'-B, dec. XL t^ie gates of Jerusalem. T^eh.3: 31, 
 
 a. a wonderful work, a miracle. Job y^^ "^* ^^^' ^^' ^' " ^^^"i harbour. 
 
 37: 16. ' * .?^.^-'. 
 
 .-.Lj.^ . ,,. , _ _. Judg. 5:17. (Arab. ^A::^a/wxjen, 
 
 ra7Sa f. verbal from 5^s , dec. X. ^lace of anchoring.) ^ 
 
 a c/ass, c/irmon. 2 Chr. 35: 12. np"lM f. dec. Xlll. a. the neck. 1 
 
 riy^'A f Is. 17: 1. and ^btp_ f. 23: Sara: 4: 18. (Chald. p^s, t(JP^C 
 
 13. 25: 2. verbals from bc: , build- ;''!^'^'^ 
 
 ings fallen down, ruins. ' "tS^'li^t] m. verbal from t^'^C, dec. 
 
 O^i^^ m. verbal from tsbe, an escap- ^*' 
 
 T *^ r. ^r"/^ ! ct stretchinfr out. a spreading:, 
 
 injr, flying away. V^. bo: 9. Job 36: 29. ^ ' ^ 
 
 nJl^i;/2 f dec. XIII. a. an image, 2. a flag, banner. Ezek. 27: 7. 
 
 idol. 1 K. 15: 13. Root Vb2 toierri' ni^liJS^ f verbal from ^'-jyc , (//c * 
 
 /y ; comp. Syr. ]Ali.>^2 i^o/j^m, from ^'^^'^i ^^* ^^*/^^ oro-anon |;-re5Vfws. I 
 
 Chr. 19: 4. 
 ^ ^? ^ofear, j^j^pp^ ^ ^,^^.^^^j ^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^ ^.^^^ 
 
 ir^Stl^ m. dec. II. b. a waving, bal- Judg. 3; 25. Is. 22: 22. 
 
 anano-, spoken of clouds. Job 37:16. Hri^Q m. verbal from nriS, dec. 11. 
 
 Root tibD = D^D in Pi. to weigh. b. 'an opening. Prov. 8: 6. ' 
 
 n.^ f. verbal from b?2, dec.XIlI.a- ^j^S^ m. dec. II. b. a sill, threshold. 
 
 1. fall, ruin. Prov. 29: 16. Spok- \ 'Sam. 5: 4, 5. Ezek. 9: 3, 4. 10: 4, 
 en ol the destruction of a kingdom, 18. The etymology is obscure. 
 jLzek. 26: 15, 18. 27:27. 31:16. ..u . ^ .. ^^ ^^^n 
 
 2. something fnllen, a fallen K ^ on^e m full -p73 (Zepb. 2: 2 ) 
 irun/:. Ezek. 31: 13. chaff. Is. 41: 15. Usually in phrases 
 
 3. a dead body, a corpse, hke ca- such as Ps. 35: 5 ^rsb Y'r^'D rn^ 
 daver from cadere, jixwpa from tl^'n /ei ^// 6e aj chaff before the 
 Wnrcy. Judg.M: e. ' wind. 1:4. Job 21: 18. Is. 17: 13. 
 
.ssa 
 
 383 
 
 nra 
 
 i^S!Q, fut. i73% imper. i<iS?3, infin. 
 
 1.* iofind.Geu.2:20. 1 Sam. 10: 
 7 <io what thine hand shall Jind, i. e. 
 what shall come to thine hand. 25: 
 8. Ecc. 9: 10. Spoken more rarely 
 of the understanding, to find out, 
 discover, comprehend, Ecc. ci:ll. 7: 
 27. 8: 17. comp. Judg. 14: 18, 
 where it is used of the solving of a 
 riddle. 
 
 2. to get, obtain, acquire, (as in 
 Lat. invenire cognomen, luudern ;) 
 e. g. wisdom, Prov. 3 : 13. favour 
 (see in;) a vision from Jehovah, 
 Lam. 2: 9. fenced cities by conquest, 
 2 Sam. 20: 6. a harvest, Gen. 26:12. 
 2 Sam. 18:22 ni<:iu M-iri:2 r^J 
 there is no tidings oj any import- 
 ance. Also to meet xvith affliction, 
 
 Ps. 116:3 ^i^^^M^:J^^ rj-i: I found 
 
 or met with affiiciion and sorrow. 
 Prov. 6:33. Hos. 12:9.(Comp. no.3. 
 where the same idea is somewhat 
 differently expressed.) Aly hand 
 acquires any thing, for / acquire it, 
 or attain to it. Lev. 12: 8. 25: 28. 
 
 3. to befall or happen to any one, 
 construed with an accus. Gen. 44 : 
 34. Ex. 18: 8 -^u:^{ nfi<bnr:-i:s 
 
 ^i"!"?.? tDnt^:^^ all the trouble which 
 
 had befallen them in the way. Num. 
 20: 14. 32:23. 'd nN:i?3 '^1"' my 
 hand comes upon any one Un punish- 
 ment,) 1 Sam. 23:17. with ^, Is.lO: 
 
 10. Ps. 21:9. (In Aram. a<t:, f.^:^ 
 
 idem. See no. 2.) 
 
 4. construed with a dative, to 
 suffice or be sufficient. Num. 1 1 : 22. 
 Judg 21: 14. (Comp. the German 
 hinlangen, hinreichen ; the Greek 
 ly-vovfASvog, rAavog, sufficient, from 
 
 VAVtO^UL.) 
 
 5. more rarely to seek, 1 Sam. 
 20: 21 tD'^srnn-n.N ii(rq ^b go, 
 seek the arrows. Verse 36. Comp. 
 Job 33: 10. 
 
 Niph. ^*:i?3: l. to be found. 
 2. to be found or be in any place. 
 Gon. 47 r 14 ii'JiJ^l.'n ;:]D3l^-?:3 
 
 to "J*! 5273 y'^.J?.^ all the money which 
 was found in the land of Egypt. 1 
 Chr. 4:41. 2Chr. 34:32. Hence 
 used absolutely, to exist, to be pre' 
 sent, Gen. 19: 15 '^^'^^3n 'rjU) 
 mN2^jlri thy two daughters whic/i 
 are present, in opposition to those 
 whicli were absent. Comp. verse 
 14. Ezra 8:25. 
 
 3. spoken of God, to let himself be 
 found {of men,) i. e. to hear or an- 
 swer them, (comp. '2;n^:.) 1 Chr. 
 28: 9 ':]b ^^.72-; r^fi'^tr) iz2i^ if 
 
 thou wilt seek him, he will be found 
 of thee, i, e. he will hear thee. 2 
 Chr. 15:2,4,15. Jer. 29: 13. 
 
 4. to be acquired or possessed by 
 any one, construed with ]:, (comp. 
 Kal no. 2.) Deut. 21: 17 -T^J.N V3 
 V;: >J5-^'i!'^ a^^ which shall be possessed 
 by him. Josh. 17 : 16. Jer. 15: 16 
 '!:]"nn'l ^J?::Q3 thy words were got- 
 ten [by me.) 
 
 Hiph N''i:72?7 to cause to find ot to 
 participate. Job 34: 11. 37:13. 
 
 2. to cause to comeXo deliver up. 2 
 Sam. 3: 8 Tii rn 'T^n^:272n Np / 
 have not delivered thee up into the 
 hand of David. Zech. 11:6. 
 
 5. to present, construed with ^J^- 
 Lev. 9:12, 13, 18. 
 
 D-S'D m. const. 1^73, verbal from:aK2, 
 doc. 11. b. "' 
 
 1. the place where any thing 
 stands. Josh. 4: 3, 9. Metaphorical- 
 ly stiite, condition. Is. 2i: 19, 
 
 2. a military post, a garrison, i 
 Sam. 13: 23. 14: 1, 4. 2 Sam. 23:14. 
 
 DlSip ni. strictly part. Hoph. from 
 
 i:^:, a post, garrison. Is. 29 : 3. 
 
 HD-i^ fem.of n2i:5,iJem.l Sam.l4:12. 
 
 ilD-i'32 f. const. n5i?2, verbal from 
 1^2, dec, XI, b. something raised up^ 
 a. pillar, monument, cippus. Gen. 28: 
 18,22. Ex. 24:4. Particularly the stat- 
 ue or image of a god, e. g. DiSi^ 
 ^J3ll the image of Baal, 2 K. 3: '', 
 10:'26. 18: 4. 23; 14. Mic. 5: 1?. 
 
n::s:53 
 
 384 
 
 12^ 
 
 ^r.?."^ ^. verbal from niD , dec. 
 Xlll. a. 
 
 1. i. q. niit/a a pillar. Gen. 35: 
 14,20, 
 
 2. a monument. 2 Sam. 18: 18. 
 
 3. a stocky trunk, root, (from il3 
 in the signif. to plant.) Is. 6: 13. 
 
 '^'^.') P^^^' ^T'^^^i (with Kamets im- 
 pure,) dec. I. a fortress, strong 
 hold, castle on a mountain. 1 Chr. 
 11:7^::X32 ^^"t:; nu;"^"? and David 
 
 a. a neighing, snorting. Jer. 8:16. 
 13:27. 
 
 I. 11^^ m. dec. III. a. Ecc. 9: 14. 
 Jl'^I^S^q dec. X. Is. 29 : 7. Ezek. 
 19: 9. and most frequently iTn'^m^ 
 dec.X.i.q. n:i?3 the height or top of a 
 mountain. Job 39: 28. 1 Sam. 22: 4. 
 Hence a castle on a mountain, a for- 
 tress, Ecc. 9: 14. 2 Sam. 5: 7. Used 
 metaphorically of God, Ps. 18: 3. 
 
 dwelt in the fortress, i. e. in Zion. xy^l^.^* ^^'^' ^^'^' 
 
 Jer. 48:41. 51:30. Probably used aA- ^1^^ m. verbal from n^i, dec. 
 
 frequently of places strong by na- HI. a, and f. 
 
 ture, as jiigh mountains or rocks, 1. a catching, hunting. ?rov.l2:l2. 
 
 ^\ ^ ^ 2 tt net Ecc 7" 27 
 
 {Arab, oyj^o.^ the top of a mountain,) j ^^u..^ * , V-V^ '-^-^'n 
 
 1 bam. 23: 14, 19, 29. 1 Chr. 12: 8, ** *^ i '-^M ^"^ * j^^^. i see H^U 
 16. Comp.Judg-. 6:2. Ezek. 33:27. no. I. " ' ' 
 
 See ^^:zi2, n-n^^. II. n-n^S^. Ecc. 9: 12. and ^^^^^ 
 
 in\12 1. io squeeze or wring out mois- dec.'^X. verbals from ni32. 
 ture. Judg. 6: 38. (Chaid. and Syr. 1. a prey, booty. Ezek. 13:21. 
 
 idem.) 2. a net. Ecc. 9: 12. Ezek. 12: 13. 
 
 2. to swallorc down, to drink with -r^v'>n r t. i /- ^ .. i 
 
 1 . , , I/ r ' * '"^^-^ I. verbal from r:^^, dec. X. a 
 
 eagerness. Is. o 1 : 17 the cup of in- -^ : ' - t' 
 
 toxication thou hast drunken and 
 swallowed down, i. e. thou hast 
 emptied it to the dregs. Ps. 75: 9. 
 Ezek. 23:34. {Syr. idetn. Seethe 
 Heb. yt)^, y^^ ; and comp. ntTS.) 
 
 Nipli. 1. pass, of Kal no. 1. to be 
 wrung out, spoken of blood. Lev. 1: 
 15. 5: 9. 
 
 2. pass, of Kal no. 2. Ps. 73:10. 
 
 command, 2 K. 18 : 36. Spoken of 
 the commands of God, Deut. 6: 1, 
 25.7:11. Lev. 4: 13-- 5^ nni^ 
 
 n:'^t35?n j^b ^ujm mn" hiia one'o? 
 
 the commands of Jehovah, which 
 should not be done, i. e. one of his 
 prohibitions. t3'"'i!?^t MIZ^XJ what 
 was ordered to be given to the Levites, 
 Neh 13: 5. comp. USTpTD. 
 
 n2^!2 f. dec. X. something unleavened. 1^1^^. Ex. 15: 5. Neh. 9: 11. and 
 
 (The etymology is obscure. Usual- rh^^l2 f. dec. X. i. q. nbn^ the 
 ly derived from V^?3 = flit72 fonrc.v J , "', ,. , , c :, ' t 
 ^ I -,T . X T ^ depth, particularly ot the sea, Jon. 
 
 2:4. Mic. 7 : 19. of a river, Zech. 
 10: 11. of mud, Ps.69:3. See rt^nS. 
 
 out or to press together ; hence /7r65*- 
 ed together, close, heavy, in opposi- 
 tion to what is leavened or light.) 
 ns^ n^n an unleavened cake, Lev. p*^-^^ ni- verbal from pi:, oppression, 
 8:26. Plur. ni272 Tri^n unleavened affliction, siraitness. Ps. 119: 143* 
 cakes. Num. 6:15. also simply Di^?2 ^^^- ^^- ^ 
 in the same sense, Ex. 12:15, 18. p'^S'D m. dec. III. a. 
 ni-?3n:^ri the feast of unleavened ,; ^ ^^^^^ mountain or hill. 1 
 
 bread, ihe passover, Ex. 23: 15. 34 
 18. 
 
 jTI-^a f. verbal from fili:, strife^ con- 
 tention. Prov. 13: 10. 11: 19. 
 fl^nS^ f. verbal from ^^22, dec.XL 
 
 Sam. 14:5. (Talmud. p^iZ mons al- 
 ius et proiceps. Arab. V AJ-^i f v3v.i;3 
 
 mons altus, rupes montium eminentes.) 
 
 2. foundation (of the earth.) 1 
 
 Sam. 2: 8. The earth appears to 
 
ni12 385 T112 
 
 have been regarded as resting on forehead, shinbone, greaves, on ac- 
 mountains. count of their resemblance to each' 
 
 'r0:i^ r. verbal from pi, dec. X. ^^^^^ ^" *^^^^ ^.^^"'"^^ '"^^"^^) 
 
 Itraitness, affliction, trouble. Job 15: ^^ i;^*^. f. plur. riV:?i::^ , verbal from 
 
 24. Plur. Ps. 25: 17. ^i^iS no. I. dec. X. a small metallic 
 
 l.'^T^lZm. with siiff. Sr^Tii:^ (E- p/afp, such as was suspended from 
 
 zek.4^8.) verbal from nii:,' dec. horses or camels in the east for the 
 
 III. a. and f. ^^^^ of ornament. Zech. 14:20. See 
 
 1. straitness, affliction. i)eut. 28: O'^nbii^. 
 
 ^^/- . , , . . nV::^^ f. verbal from y-ir no. II. a 
 
 2. ct 5ie^e. Ezek. 4:7. ^i:'25 NT2 ^ * 
 
 to be besieged, spoken of a city, 2 shady place. Zech. 1:8. 
 
 K. 24: 1 0. 25: 2. C^n V^tl dual, verbal from "pb^ no.l.a 
 
 3. a wall or bulwark against a ' * 
 
 city besieged. Deut. 20: 20. Ezek. cijmbal,^ musical instrument consist- 
 
 4: 2. Mic. 4: 14. ^"& of two plates which were struck 
 
 ' 4. a fortification, fortress. 2 Chr. together, cymbala. 1 Chr.l3:8 Ezra 
 
 32: 10. Hab. 2 : 1. More frequently 3: 10. Neh. 12: 27. See n^^^^r^, 
 
 -ir.^12 -^^5> a fortress, a fenced city, rit:':^l2 f. (verbal from fl35 to wind, 
 
 Ps. 31:22. '"' ' " ' 
 
 TT " mJ^^' ^^ wrap round;) the turban of the 
 
 11. "ll^w i. q. Q-^-jiiTa EgT/pt, the high-priest, Ex.28: 4,30. of the 
 
 proper name ofa country. (The He- king, Ezek. 21: 31. The bible says 
 
 brews may have conceived of this nothing of the difference between 
 
 name as derived from no. I. since this and the turban of the common 
 
 the ancients often speak of the nat- priest. For the suppositions of 
 
 ural strength of Egypt. Diod. i. 18. the Rabbins, see Braun, De Vestitu 
 
 Comp. Bocharti Phaleg, iv. 24.) Sacerd. Heb. p. 625 ff. 
 
 '-\l^J2 '^.j*-; the streams of Egypt, Is. 5?:^^ ^ ^^^.^^1 f^om ^^'^ , a bed. Is. 
 
 19: 6. 37: 25. 2 K. 19: 24. 28: 20. 
 
 nnU^, f. verbal from ^^i, dec. X. -j^-^^^ m. verbal from IS^'it , dec. II. 
 
 1. a wall or bulwark agamst a "^ - * " ^ 
 
 citv besieged. Is. 29: 3. ^- ^^^P-i going, course. Ps. 37: 23. 
 
 2. a fortress, citadel. 2 Chr.l 1:1 1. Prov. 20: 24. Viy2)22 at his steps, 
 More frequently STi^iiTS '"'^p fenced i. e. in his train, Dan. 11: 43. comp. 
 cities, 2 Chr. 14 : 5. t)h^^il2 ^^^ ^^\^y\ ^^^^' ^= ^^ 
 ic/ei,2Chr. 11:10. "' ^^^y^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^ subparvus, 
 
 niS^, f. verbal from ^Ti::, dec I i.q. '' ;aus, compounded of ^72 and 
 f12Z;: strfe, contention. Is. 41: 12. 'j.^,^^.^ (comp. !:Ji^73.) Dan. 8:' 9. 
 
 n:S_^ com gen. (Ezek.3: 8. Is 48:4.) ^;j;f ^' ^^ ^^^^al from -^^^^, dec. Il.b. 
 
 with sun. "^n^y^, dec. VI. i. the fore- -^ : * " ^ 
 
 head, brow, front. 1 Sara. 17: 49. ^ ^- '<>^''J^hing small or insignificant. 
 
 rrM JTr>< n:^J2 the {shameless) front G^"' ^^'- ^^' ^^^ 3: 7. r^^^^S^S^/or a 
 
 o/an /mrio^ Jer. 3: 3. Ezek. 3: 7 ^^^^^^ ^^^'^^ }f ' ^^^ J ^ 
 
 n:^^. yjn of a bold forehead. Vers- ^- ^^^^" nt.m6er.-t=^-i;:j?^ ^^'SS^. 
 
 es 8, 9. 'is. 48 : 4 n'^nn? tin::^: thy ^^"^^ nm6er o/ men, 2 Chr. 24: 
 
 forehead is of brass. ' '' '^'** . , _ 
 
 ,-.l.^*k^ 3. Ps 42:7.prob.the proper name ot 
 
 <M.^i2 f. dec. X. greaves. 1 Sara. 17: a pgai^ of mt. Libanus, not far from 
 
 6. See r::i?3. (The Hebrews em- Hermon. Others: a sniall moun- 
 
 ployed the same word to express tain. 
 
 49 
 
rra 
 
 386 
 
 pn 
 
 nS"Jl^ m. verbal from ns^ , dec. 
 IX. a. 
 
 1. a high place affording an ex- 
 tensive prospect^ a watch-tower. Is, 
 21:8. 2Chr. 20:24. 
 
 2. proper name (1.) of a city in 
 the plain of the tribe of Jndah. 
 Josh. 15:38. (2.) of a city in Moab. 
 iSam. 22: 3. (3.) of a valley in 
 the reg-ion of mount Libanus. Josh. 
 11:8. comp. 11:3. (4.) of a city in 
 the iribe of Gad, otherwise called 
 ri^^- Judg. 11:29. See riDiZt] no. 
 1. (5.) of a city in the tribe of Ben- 
 jamin, otherwise called In^li^. Josh. 
 18:26. See lns273 no. 2^. 
 
 (i^-^^ (a high place ^ ts^atch-tower.) 
 
 1. proper name of a place in 
 Gilead, beyond Jordan. Judg. lU: 
 17. 11 : 11, 34. In Judg. 11 : 29, 
 
 called n:^^^-nDi:73. 
 
 2. also of a place in the tribe of 
 Benjamin, where assemblies of 
 
 sent remains of the Coptic Isku- 
 
 g-uage, in which this country bears 
 
 the name of ;fif;^(*, see tDH. In A- 
 5 c 
 
 rab.and Chald. r^*^^, 1^^,38 an ap- 
 pellative, signifies limes. The A- 
 rabians preserve the word in the 
 singular (^/c.) The dual which 
 
 is used in Hebrew and Syriac, may 
 have respect to the division of the 
 country by the Nile, or to Upper 
 and Lower Egypt. The gentile noun 
 is "^^iTTS^plur. tZl'^n:r3, an Egyptian ; 
 
 fem. n'^"i:i73 an Egyptian woman. 
 
 H*!"^^^ "' verbal from ?l^ir, a cruci- 
 ble. Prov. 17: 3. 27: 21. 
 p^ m. (verbal from pji^, comp. Ps. 
 38: 6.) rottenness., corruption. Is. 3: 
 24 p73 ZIUJ2 nnn il^n'l and instead 
 of a 8-ufeet smell shall be rottenness, 
 i. e. a bad smell. 5 : 24 their root 
 shall be as rottenness, i. e. as rotten 
 
 the people were often held, (once wood. 
 
 called n?.:i^ Josh. 18 : 26.) Judg. ^^p^ ^ (^,^^^,^, ^^^^ ^^^ j^ab. 
 
 10:1. 21:1. lSam.7:5. 10:17. :\:^] ^ , r. . 
 
 King Asa strengthened it for a 3: 15.) dec. X. a Aammer. 1 K. 6: 7. 
 
 frontier forti(kation against the Is. 44: 12. Jer. 10: 4. 
 
 kingdom of Israel, t K.15:22. 2 Chr. HDp^ f verbal from ij^S. 
 
 1. i. q. JlijPTg a hammer. Judg. 4: 
 
 16: 6. Afterwards the governor 
 Gedaliah had his residence here, 
 Jer. 40: 6. comp. Neh. 3: 7, 19. 
 
 t-'^jS-^^ masc. plur. verbal from ISIJ, 
 dec. I. hidden places. Obad. 6. 
 
 y Ji.AJ to suck^ to sip "with pleasure. Is. 
 66: 11. See ln:i73 no. 2. (Arab, and 
 
 X T 
 
 Chald. idem.) 
 1-S'D m. verbal from l^it, (like as?3 
 from iiD,) dec. VIII. k. a strait, af- 
 fliction, distress. Ps. 118 : 5. Plur. 
 ti:^^:73, const, '^n:^^, Lam. 1:3. Ps. 
 116:3.' 
 
 2']")^u fem. dual, Egypt, the name 
 
 of a country. Construed with a verb 
 in the singular, Plos. 9: 6. Josephus 
 makes the name to be of Coptic or- 
 igin. (Antiq. i. 6. 2.) But nothing 
 resembling it is found in the pre- 
 
 21. 
 
 2. a hollow or clft of a rock. Is. 
 51:1. 
 
 n'Tp'Q proper name of a city in the 
 plain of the tribe of Judah, former- 
 ly the seat of a Canaanitish king. 
 Josh. 10:10. 12: 16. 15: 41. 
 
 i23 np^ m. verbal from 'ijlp, dec. II. b. 
 
 1 . a holy place, a sanctuary, spoken 
 ofthe tabernacle of thecongregation 
 and ofthe temple. Ex.25:8. Lev. 12: 
 4. 21: 12. Num. 10:21. 18:1. Plur. 
 'd''':^'^>p 72 sanctuaries, spoken of the 
 temple, Jer. 51: 51. and of high 
 places (ni?22,) Am. 7:9. ':J'Jp,J2 
 "b72 a place consecrated to the king. 
 Am'. 7:13. 
 
 2. something consecrated or to be 
 consecrated. Num. 18 : 29. Meta- 
 
1p^ 
 
 387 
 
 t:pti 
 
 phorically bN '>'^'^J?12 prob. the holy j-^-^p^ f. yerbal from Slip, a place of- 
 
 purposes of God, Ps. 73: 17 ;o^/;c^m^, a reservoir, h. 22: 1 1 . 
 
 3. an asylum, place of rejuge. Is. ' 
 
 8: 14. Ezek. 11:16. 
 
 Dipl3 com. gen. plur. nittip?:, (ver- 
 
 r-^U^ 
 
 Ki^P- V^^' inasc, Ps. 26: 12. and 
 
 niVfliv^ plur. fern. Ps.68:27. ver- 
 bals from bnp, places of meeting. 
 The latter occurs also as the proper 
 name of a station of the Israelites in 
 the desert, Num. 33: 25. 
 
 X^lp^^ see nip.t; no. II. 
 
 ! ^Ip.^ m. verbal from ^lj|5 no. I. 
 
 dec.'lX. a. 
 
 1. hope, confidence. 1 Chr. 29: 15. 
 
 Ezra 10:2. Also an object of hope 
 
 or confidence, Jer. 14:8. 17:13. 50: 7. 
 
 II. rilp^ m- verbal from ni[^ no. II. 
 
 dec. IX. a. 
 
 1. a collection or company of men. 
 Under this signification we may place 
 the difficult passage 1 K. 10: 28 
 '^^J^T1 '"?.nb nip7:i and the caravans 
 of the merchants of the king inp"^ 
 ^n^a mp^. According to the 
 common punctuation tin p 72, the lat- 
 ter part of this verse hardly gives 
 any meaning, for tl^'.p^ must be ren- 
 dered yarn, (comp.Arab. lS^t^ torsit 
 funem ; and Heb. lj^ , n^pn.) But it 
 is not probable that the historian has 
 used the word here in two different 
 acceptations, and in the following 
 verse horses are still the subject of 
 discourse. It is better, therefore, to 
 
 bal from D^p in the signif to stand,) 
 
 dec. III. a. 
 
 1. a place. Gen. 1: 9. 24:23,25. 
 
 28: 11, 17. Job 16: 18 U'-^p72 Tl* bN 
 '^np5;Tb let there be no place (of con- 
 cealment) /or my cry, I e. let it rise 
 incessantly before God. Before the 
 relative pronoun, the const, state is 
 always used, as -i^t<. DTpXS the place 
 where. Lev. 4: 33. 14- 13. Jer.22:12. 
 So also wh6n the relative is omit- 
 ted, as in Ps. 104:8. Job 18:21. 
 Dipp is sometimes used pleonastical- 
 ly, as "^UiJ^ uip'n loco, quo for ubif 
 Est. 4:3. 8: 17. Ecc, 11: 3. Ezek.6: 
 
 7 7 
 
 13. (So in Syr. ? '""A-) 
 
 2. particularly a dwelling place. 
 Gen. 30: 25. Ex. 3: 8. Num. 24 : 25. 
 
 3. a place, city, village. diD'i; Dlp^ 
 the village of Shechem, Gen. 12:6. 
 18:24. 
 
 4. instead of, loco. Is. 33: 21. 
 *)'ip'D m. verbal from IJip, dec. III.a_ 
 
 a well, fountain, d'^'jn "\^p72 the foun- 
 tain of happiness, Ps. 36: 10. l^plS 
 '0^721 the fountain of blood ; an eu- 
 phemistic expression for muliebria 
 pudenda. Lev. 12:7. 20: 18. also 20: 
 18. without 0^73";: in the same sense. 
 Ps. 68:27 b^nip"; "iip7372. ye of tht 
 fountain of Israel, i. e. ye descendants 
 of Israel. Comp. D^^ no. 2. 
 
 point the word 'ni'p72fro7n Coa, as in 
 
 the Vulgate, probably referring to Hp^^. m. verbal from npb, dec. II. b, a 
 
 Co, an island in the Nile. The Mas- taking, receiving. 2 Chr. 19: 7. 
 
 oretic punctuators could very easily j-|-^-f-r^ piur. fem. wares, articles for 
 
 make this mistake. Or the second '^ - 
 
 ^ip73 ought perhaps to be rejected sale, venalia. Neh. 10 : 32. The 
 
 from the text. It is wanting in Cod. root nj^b to take, has the signif to 
 
 172 Kennic. but is found in all the buy, Neh. 10: 31. comp. in Talmud 
 
 versions. The writer of Chronicles tip 73 antio. 
 
 has adopted the Chaldaic form i<ip73, -^^jp^^ m. verbal from -lOp, dec. U. b- 
 
 2. D^irt n^p73 a collection of wa- burning of incense. Ex. 30: 1. 
 ters. Gen 1: 10. Ex. 7:19. Lev. 11: rT^iuDp^ f verbal from *^Dj[r, dec. XIIL 
 36, 
 
"IPI^ 
 
 388 
 
 1p^ 
 
 a. a censer. 2 Chr. 26: 19. Ezek. 8: 
 11. 
 
 Root i^i^p prob. to 
 
 26:24. 36 
 
 ^|~^^, const. b,1.73 and ^rj^tt, plur. nibj^?? ^^:;rip)2 f. dec. X. prob. a plane or 
 
 prim. dec.VII. a. and h. a staff. Gen. some'similar instrument. Is. 44: 13. 
 
 30:37 ff.n;i b'^^12 a hand staff ^\md. Tar^:,^ ^atN a knife generally, also 
 
 of weapon,Ezek.39:9.(Chald. 1'' bp7: ^/ane iVo?i. Root y^J^ io 5craj9e 
 
 spicidum', Castell.) ^^ 
 
 '^^P,^ m. dec. II. b. an asylum, a place -^.^p^ ^ ^ ^^^^^^ p^^ j. g. ^eh. 7: 70- 
 
 of protection, for tbe mnnslayer from ^omp. the Chald. n^:p. Root rti: 
 the avenger ot blood. t:b^p?2 ny a^ j^ ^.j^.^jj ^^ ^-^-^^^ ^'^ 
 
 iesof refuge,-Num. 35: Q 16. Josh, pp^^ j.^Cal not used 
 20: 2. (Root Chald. D^p fo rcceire, '" 
 
 rtirp 
 
 particularly a fugitive.) 
 T]P^pl2 f. verbal from S'"^]? no. 2. dec. 
 
 XIII. m. a sculpture, carved work, 
 
 graving. 1 K. 6 : 18. Plur. ni:;bp?3, 
 
 const. ni5.-bp?D, 1 K. 6:29, 32. 7:31. 
 
 jlpp'D m. verbal from J^^j:^, dec.'lX.a. 
 
 1. something bought. Gen. 49: 32. 
 
 2. a possession, but used only 
 of cattle, which among Nomadic 
 tribes is the principal and almost the 
 only property. (For a similar rea 
 
 Niph. p753 1. to flow or rundown. 
 Ps. 38: 6 "^nh^zn 5)p)33 my sores run 
 down,!, e. suppurate. 
 
 2. to consume or waste away, tab- 
 escere; spoken of the eyes and 
 tongue, Zech. 14: 12. of persons, 
 Lev. 26: 39. Ezek. 24: 23. 33: 10. 
 
 Is. 34: 4 D'^To'c^n i\n:i-b:3 n;v2 all 
 
 -T- r: T >-T 
 
 the host of heaven shall waste away. 
 Hiph. p^;n causat. of Niph. Zech. 
 
 14: 12. 
 Deriv. pJa. 
 
 son,oa;eninHolstem are called goods. ^"}p.^ ^' verbal from tt'^p^, dec. I. 
 
 Comp. Greek yn^vog, cattle, liter.i.q. 
 'ATtifiix, a jX)ssessio7i.- lnp.p/3 "^'ip^N peo- 
 ple who raise cattle. Gen. 46 : 32, 
 34. n:.p?:: y*5N7:>rt5ti/ra^'-e/a;iZ, Num. 
 32:1,4. This word denotes both 
 oxen and sheep, but does not include 
 horses or asses. See e. g. Gen.26: 
 14. and particularly 47:17. 
 
 >*ijp'2 fem. of r;?.p?3,dec. X. 
 
 1. a buying, purchasing. 'HCD 
 t^lp.i^yi a bill of purchase, .Ter. 32 : 
 
 Ilk*" 
 
 1. a calling together, liter, the Ar- 
 amean intin. of N'^p. Num. 10:2 
 rTiySl M*lp72b to call together the as- 
 sembly. 
 
 2. an assembly called together, an 
 assembly, '^"ip ^5^p.?^ a sacred assem- 
 bly, such as was called together on 
 the sabbath, and on the hrst and 
 seventh days of the great festivals. 
 Lev. 23:2 ff. Num. 28:18, 25. With- 
 out 'ii'ip. Is. 1: 13. 
 
 3. something read, a writing. Neb. 
 8: 8. 
 
 2. something bought. ?]p3. n:p?2 a ^npt) m. verbal from il^p, dec. 
 slave bought with money. Gen. 17: 12, 
 
 13,23. 
 
 3. price of purchase. Lev. 25: 1 6, 
 51. 
 
 4. a possession. Gen. 23: 18. 
 
 SDp^ m. verbal from DDp, dec. II. b. 
 
 a divining, divination. Ezek. 12: 24. 
 13:7. 
 
 ^1-Sp'D m. plur. d"*-. and ni ,dec. I. 
 a corner. Neh. 3: 19, 20. 24, 25. Ex. 
 
 IX. a. 
 
 1. an accident, chance. 1 Sam. 6:9. 
 20: 26. Ruth 2: 3. 
 
 2. fate, destiny. Ecc. 2: 14 IT^.piq 
 D'?S""rj^. ^IPI *^'^^. 0^6 destiny hap- 
 peneth to them all. Verse 15. 3: 19. 
 9: 2, 3. 
 
 nlp^^ m. the beams of a house. Ecc. 
 
 10: 18. See Jl^p. to lay the beams of a 
 
 house. 
 
n^ 
 
 389 
 
 Nn^ 
 
 a bitter lamentation. As an adv. '^72 
 Is. 33: 7. and JTlTD Ezek. 27 : 30. izV 
 terly. 
 
 5. violent^ cruel.) acerbus^ acer. 
 (Comp. Arab. /-;> y--^ validus^fortis.) 
 Hab. 1: 6. '^5.: ^73 irfem, Judg. 18: 
 25. 2 Sam. 17: 8. This association 
 of ideas is seen in Judg. 1 4: 1 4, where 
 T^' strong is placed in opposition to 
 pTn?3 sweet. 
 
 nil imd "li'^, before Makkeph -^^ 
 (Ex. 30: 23.) m. dec. I. myrrh, a white 
 balsam, which distils from a small 
 thorny tree in Arabia like the aca- 
 cia. The ancients, however, differ in 
 their account of it. Ps. 45: 9. Prov. 
 7: 17. Cant. 3: 6. 4: 14. 5; 6, 13. 
 (Arab. idem. Root r^ to drop, distil) 
 See Celsii Hierobot. T. I. p. 520 ff. 
 
 )^1^ prob. i. q. Arab. lS r^ to ursc 
 
 a horse on rapidly with a whip. 
 
 Hiph. in trans, in reference to the 
 ostrich's clapping its wings in run- 
 
 I JUi^a m.^lor ^J'iJp7:,) denom. from , , r r . ,; ~ ^~ '' 
 
 ^ *: ' '^ when she {the ostrich) moves herself 
 
 Jl'^p, Is. 1 : 8. a cucumber or melon forward, namely by clapping her 
 
 garden. wings. The ancient versions ren- 
 
 I. na .^ dro,. Is. 40: 15. Root i "^^^^^^ 
 
 A 1 ""J^. ^ tn^^7J re6e//w; see m^. 
 
 Arab. /^ tojiow. ' ' 
 
 II. n^7 fem. ln^73, verbal adj. from 
 'in^, <o be bitter, dec. VIII. k. 
 
 \] bitter. Is. 5 : 20. Prov. 27 
 Spoken of water, briny ^ Ex. 15: 23. Babylonish king. Is. 39: 1. Also writ- 
 Used abstractly, bitterness, 1 Sam. . / .,vO^- tt ,. i 
 15.32^ ' ten z ^luNns q. V. He hved m the 
 
 2. afflictive, acerbus, Prov. 5 : 4. time of Hezekiah. See !7'in^. 
 Am. 8: 10. destructive, pernicious, J er. ^1^^*1*2 m. verbal from ^;^J'1, dec.IX.a. 
 2: 19. 2 Sam. 2:26. Ps. 64: 4. Used '';',. 
 substantively, Q^n'^n ^J Num. 5: 18, ^' ^ booking, seeing. Lev. 13: 12 
 
 nip's f. verbal from ^'np, a cooling, 
 
 coolness. Judg. 3: 20, 24. 
 ntlJp'D m. strictly turned wvrk^ from 
 
 tlwjp i. q. Arab. \ji|x*5 among other 
 signirications opere tornatili elabora- 
 vit lignum. (Comp. H'Cyjq.) Hence 
 Is. 3: 24 ntp,J2 ntJi;^ twisted or 
 plaited hair. 
 1. riup^ fem. of ll'^'p'D, turned OT 
 rounded work. Ex. 25 : 18 tTiJp/:3 
 DIlN Sr^'e'in opere tornatili facias eos 
 {cherubos.) It appears from compar- 
 ing 1 K. 6: 23. with verse 28, that 
 the cherubim were made of olive 
 wood covered with gold ; hence 
 this word is incorrectly rendered 
 massive or beaten, as if from 
 tlUJjP to be hard, solid. Used also of 
 the golden candlestick, Ex. 25: 31, 
 36. 37: 17, 22. Num. 8:4. of the 
 silver trumpets. Num. 10:2. of a pil- 
 lar, Jer. 10:5. 
 
 stands for 
 
 li'^^'S Chald. a lord. Dan. 2: 47. 4: 16 
 21. 5: 23. (In Syr. and Arab, idem.) 
 7^ I^Nl^P!!} "i^l'Q proper name of a 
 
 3. troubled, afflicted, construed for 
 the most part with 'd:^:. 1 Sam. 30: 
 6. Job 21:25. u;5: -|?9 used as an 
 adj. lSam.l:10. 22:2. also as a subst. 
 sorrow, Job 7: 41. 10: 1. 
 
 4. bitter, lamentable. tlb";'15 llp2?^ 
 t^'l?3^ a loud and bitter cry. Gen. 27: 
 ^4. Est. 4: 1. Ezek. 27:31 *^73 ^2D^ 
 
 , ..3n "'P.'^^] ni;?'!!^"*:^:: wheresoever 
 the priest looketh. Deut. 28:34 !li5.*n?3 
 '^'^Z'^Si what thine eyes see. Verse 67. 
 Is. 11: 3. Ezek. 23: 16. 
 
 2. sight, vision. Ex. 3: 3. Ezek. 8: 
 4. 11:24. 43:3. Dan. 8: 16. 
 
 3. appearance, form. Ex. 24 : 17. 
 Ezek. 1 : 16,28. Frequently after a 
 noun in regimen, as rTiN;^?2 nS'^ Gen. 
 12: 11. T\^r^l2 niVu 24: 16. 26: 7. 
 
^^12 390 :3-)^ 
 
 cf a beautiful form; also ^?^n: nrL:>{-]/3 plur. fern. denom.from ':;&t'n, 
 ni<")^b desirable in appearance^ Gen. , "" -j^ 13- ift 
 
 ^^^;^'"i''f-T''''''*%'N^^' " '' "" u-'Vr^a plur.'fem. verbal from nn-n, 
 ed, like n^?^'^ (see no. 3.) to express : - . -^ - -' 
 
 the indistinct "forms which appear in ^^^- ^III. cot)mn^5, ma^resse^. 
 
 Tision, Dan. 10: 18 nwNt^7::D ^2-^-5^2 Prov. 7: IG. 31:22. 
 
 tZl'li^ mtc^ i/iere JowcAe'rf 'wewmc- HS"!^ f- verbal from rrn^, greatness, 
 
 thing, like a human form. Ezek. largeness ; as a concrete, large, am- 
 
 8: 2. Connected with n^TJi, 1: 27. jyZe. Ezek. 23: 32. 
 
 Plur. S-^iNn^^ in the same connexion TiZI/O m. verbal from ^5*^, dec. IX. 
 
 as the singular, Dan.l: 13, 15.Ezek. a. greatnessAncrease. Is. 9: 6. 
 
 1:5, 13. 10: 22. Cant. 2: 14. .-.l^ r- \^p ^^^ n x 
 
 _ ' 11^2^/2 f. verbal from tinn, dec. I. 
 
 riwSn^ fern, of ntcn?2, dec. X. I - . . / ^' , 
 
 r : - . ..*'". . 1- greatness, multitude. 2Chr.9: 6, 
 
 1. a sight, vision, i. q. litn. Dan. 39. ig_ 
 
 10: 7, 8,16. ilb:/5v3 nN-n73 mo-Zii/y 2. the greatest part 1 Chr. 12:29. 
 
 visions, Gen. 46: 2. l2'^Slbw\ niNIT: 3. increase of a family, offspring, 
 
 visions sent from God,' Ezek. 8:'3" *^^?^'"- ^ ^^"'- ^^ ^^l. , . 
 
 4Q. 2 4. usury, interest, liter, increase oj 
 
 """ . _ /. , ^^^ capital. Lev. 25 : 37. (Comp. 
 
 ^^.^(? mirror. Ex. 38 : 8. (Arab. q^^^^^ ,^^o? usury, from t/xtcu fo 
 
 ^t .^ iJem.) Comp. ^^J'l. ^'f ' ^"^Lat./a'..a from/eo fo 6ear, 
 
 J ^ ^ ^ ' '. whence J (ius,foecundus,jcenu7n. See 
 
 lnJ^1/2 f dec. X. ^/ie crop of a bird. Gelllus xvi. 13. In Arab. comp. V.3j\ 
 Lev. 1:16. (Arab, l,^^ idem, from """J' ^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^" ^^^/l Wj^ ^^^ry; 
 f^^io(?%C5i w//, and spoken of Syr.^^O^ idem.) 
 food, to be digestible.) V?."!^ ' ^^^^^^ ^^^^ V^"^' /'^^'^^ 
 
 tllDuSn'O Josh. 15:44. and T:d')j2 to lie down in, a couching place. Zejph. 
 
 2Chr."ll:8. 14:8,9. Mic. T : 15. -^;^v^\i tt 1. ^^-^^ 1- 1 
 in Greek .l/,o.a 2 Mac. 12:35. \^.l^ ^^^' "' ^- ^- ^^ ni^- Ezek. 
 
 proper name of a fenced city in the ^^' ^ 
 
 plain of the tribe of Judah. See Jo- pi"1^2 m. a place of fattening, a stall 
 
 f P.^' tf^ ]T''A^' fx* ^^* ''''' ^' Am.'e: 4. psn^ b^^ a calf of the 
 8, 10, 27. Bella Jud. 1. 6.) . ^ " ; ' '",. .0^0 
 
 . ' . ' ^ stall, 1. e. a fatted calf, 1 Sam. 28: 
 
 DVc3N!"l^ plur. fem. denom. from 24. Jer. 46:21. Mai. 3:20. [4:2.] 
 iiwNtn', dec. X. place of or about the I^oot psn in Chald. to fatten. 
 head,{comp.r\y^^^.;^12 the place of the Tlj'^Xl, m. verhal from i-'^^, rest, a 
 
 feet.) The accusative is used adver- resting place. Jer. 6: 16. 
 bially, a^ i^e Aectt^, i. e. near or un- _.,,L..iyi, 1 r j r v*-. 
 
 der the head, 1 Sam. 19: 13 m^Jia plur. fem. denom. from. V?.l, 
 T^n^^Nn73 at his head. Verse 16. dec. X, place of or about the feet. 
 26:^7, ll", 16. IK: 19: 6. Gen. 28: Ruth 3 : 5 ff. Dan. 10:6. (Comp. 
 11,18. With a double plural ter- ^^'^^ri^-) Used adverbially m the 
 mination, (like ^rri'2::,) 1 Sam. 26: accus. a< ^/te/ecf, Ruth 3: 8. 
 12 *:::iw\-ij "n;^*N-}72/ro//i tl^ head of ^12^112 f. a heap of stones, (Root D^n 
 
 '.Saw/, for '1:^ ^^n/j^w^.n?::?:. to throw stones ; Arab. fi^J^ to hear 
 
ma 
 
 391 
 
 ma 
 
 ^V 
 
 {mar^ 
 
 up stones.) Thus Prov. 26: 8 ^hi23 
 
 r.m-^lD:: pj* as a bag of precious ^^" ^^igm ; comp. 
 
 stmes hi' a heap of stones, Luth. als oh ^^^^0 h^rmmculus. 
 
 man Edelsteine auf den i?a6erwmn vl""]^ m. Is. 14: 6. strictly part. Hoph 
 
 wurfe. The Sept. renders the word from ;nn-i, but here used substantive- 
 
 a sling, (in Uke manner from C-^l to persecution. 
 
 throw stones.) hence the whole pas- ^ o* / 
 
 sage.asif one binds a precious stone on I. rn^ to be refractory, perverse, re^ 
 
 beUious. Deut. 21: 18, 20. Ps. 78: 8. 
 Construed (l.) with an accus. of the 
 person or thing against which any 
 one is refractory, Jer.4: 17. Ps. 105: 
 28. Most frequently ^D-nN irin73 
 inin"^ to rebel against the command of 
 Jehovah, Num. 20:24. 27: 14- 1 Sam. 
 12: 15. (2.) with 2, Ps. 5:11. Hos. 
 14: 1. 
 Hiph. JTj^n, fut. apoc. "i^n.} (E- 
 
 zek. 5: 6.) ' * 
 
 1. to contend with any one. (In 
 Arab. conj. III. idem.) Job 17: 2 
 ':'^ "ibn CnTn73n2 my eye dwells on 
 their contention (against me,) i. e. I 
 must constantly behold their conten- 
 tion against me. (The Dagesh in 
 73 is euphonic.) 
 
 2. to be rebellious. Ps. 106: 7. It 
 is construed (l.) with an accus. Ps. 
 78: 17, 40,56. Hence ^Z'm. nnTirr 
 ^iin") to rebel against the command- 
 ment of the Lord, Deut. 1: 26, 45. 
 Josh. 1:18. Also in the same sense 
 with D';:"'?, Is. 3: 8. (2.) with 2, Ps. 
 106: 43. Ezek. 20: 8. (3.) with D>V 
 Deut. 9: 7, 24. 
 
 Deriv. i*i72. 
 
 precious . 
 
 a sling. The expression is proverbial 
 
 like Matt. 7: 6. 
 n;PrO^ f verbal from 5?^*!, rest, quiet 
 
 dwelling. Is. 28: 12. 
 Tn^, fut. ^173*;, to revolt or rebel, as 
 
 subjects or tributaries from their 
 masters. Gen. 14: 4. Construed with 
 2, 2 K. 18: 7, 20. 24 : 1, 20. more 
 rarely with ^y, Neh. 2:19. 2Chr. 
 13:6. r^rn^i'iy^to decline from 
 or rebel against Jehovah, (by the 
 practice of idolatry,) Josh. 22: 16 ff. 
 Ezek. 2: 3. Dan. 9: 9. niN-'''l-i;2 
 those who rebel against the light, i. e. 
 hate it or declare war against it. Job 
 24: 13. 
 
 *Tn^ Chald. to rebel, as in Heb. Ezra 
 4:'l9; 
 
 "TH/^ na- verbal from 'l^lTa, rebellion. 
 Josh. 22: 22. 
 
 -*,ti Chald. adj. rebellims. Fem. N'^^'^, 
 emph. fi<nl*:73, Ezra 4: 12, 15. 
 
 n^'^"!^ f- verbal from 'iy2, rebellion, 
 refractoriness. 1 Sam.20: 30. (in Arab. 
 idem.) 
 
 T'r\l2 m. proper name of an idol of {J^ --^^ i. q/ ^^jj to be bitter. 2 K.. 
 
 the Babylonians. Jer. 50:2. Like ^fi< 
 and b??, it is often compounded with 
 otherwords to form proper names 
 of persons. Comp. ^"^^^ -''^?;' 
 *I'^^{b2 '^'IM'n/a, Mesessimordacus, Si- 
 simardocus, etc. Assyrian and Baby- 
 lonian names. 
 ^'ID'^I'Q proper name of a Jew living in 
 
 Persia, who was the foster father of 
 . Esther, and 
 
 14: 26 n"1.73 ':y the bitter afflictioyi.. 
 So all the ancient versions. If pointed 
 tl"\73, the gender would be incorrect. 
 Comp. i-)72 Job 23: 2. So inverted- 
 
 ly a form from "1-173 Ex. 23: 21. de- 
 rives its signification from TZ'^12. 
 n"l^ f. dual D";C!1^ (strictly c^oK^Ze re- 
 bellion) a prophetical name of Baby- 
 lon. Jer. 50: 21. 
 
 , afterwards vizier or ^^ (Utterness) Ex. 15: 23. Num. 33 
 
 prime-mmister m the court ot Ahas- ' ' ^ 
 
 uerus. Est.ii. x. Sept. MuQdoyatog. 
 Like Esther, it is probably of Per'-- 
 
 8. proper name of a place in the 
 desert of Arabia, so called from the 
 
)ii2 392 rni2 
 
 bitterness of its waters. Comp. Po- Y^'^'Tl m. verbal from V^^.race, course. 
 
 cocke Beschreibung des Morgenlan- i ' 
 
 des, Th. I. p. 234. of the German Ecc. 9:11. 
 
 translation. I. n^*^")^ fem. of yi^:?., dec. X. 
 
 t'^y^ (read morra) f verbal from "1^72, idem. 2 Sam. 18: 27. Jer. 23: 10. 
 
 dec. X. grief, sorrow. Prov. 14: 10. H. ^IjI'I"!^^ f. verbal from y^l, op- 
 Tni2 f. verbal from I'lTi, dec. X. idem, pression. Jer. 22: 17. It borrows its 
 
 Gen. 26:35 n^^ n^72 bitterness of signification from q Hi -j. 
 
 'ie^^- G'^jP"")^^ masc. plur. dec. I. a purify- 
 
 ^*1")^ m. verbal from 1in, dec. III. c. ing^ d'eansing. Est. 2: 12. Root p^T:. 
 
 persecution. Lam.3:19. Plur. d"'ni'l?2 f|^-)^ (H^emc^^e^) proper name of a 
 
 Lam. 1:7. Used as a concrete Is. 68: . ^- t i u r\ iv/r* i io 
 ^-,*-,^^, ^ J c II +1 city m Judah. Once Mic. 1:12. 
 
 7 D^n^^;^ persecuted, bo all the an- -^ 
 
 cient* versions. Hp.P ^* ^"^^''2/' ^'en^^ion. Jer. 16: 
 
 t'11^ proper name of a city in the &. See the following article. 
 
 northern part of Palestine. Once HH^. m- 't oic^y, J>ici"^-- Am. 6: 
 Judg.5:23. Jerome, (in his Onomast.) ^ / ^ 
 
 Est autem nunc vicus, Merrus nom- 7. (Comp. Arab. '^J)J' raising of 
 ine, in duodecimo milliario urbis Se- ^j^^ ^^^^^ ^^,^^ joy or sorrow ; 
 baste, juxta Dothaim. 5 c 
 
 nil^ m- Lev. 21: 21 ^tw\ t^^-^^ ts;i//i S^:{^^ '* oufcry.) 
 broken testicles. Root nn73, in Arab. ..^^^y. ^. '' ^ 
 
 also among other signitications, to " i^ i- ^^ Arab. g^A? to r6 m, to 
 
 ^ , . . . "*. ^ overspread, e. g. the body with oil; 
 
 r6 or ir^me i/i /;tecc. ; comp. ^j^ ^^^^ jy ^^ ^^y^^^, ^ j^ ^,^j j^^ y^. 
 
 arbor, qme confrictxi ignemreddit. brew of the application of a soft sub- 
 
 Gin^ m. verbal from Dnn, dec. III. a. stance to a wound, (comp Is. 1: 6.) 
 
 Is. 38 : 21 let them take dried figs, 
 \. a height, high place. Hab. 2: 9. -^f^^- j.^. ^Pj-^^-t and lay them on 
 
 Ps. 7: 8, Kv-iilJ'' Din7J nn /Ac Aio-A ',''"" J '7 w .j 
 
 ^ - ^ the sore, or and rub them on the sore. 
 
 nmmtain of IsraelE'Aek. 17:23. 20: Sept. -/f Toiijjoi' vmI '^axanluoui. 
 40. 34: 14. Spoken often of heaven, Deriv. nin^:. 
 
 Ps. 18: 17. Jer. 25 : 30. Also, on ^^^^ " \ i r ^,, i tt 
 
 high, Is. 37: 23 '^^2^? Di-,^ fis-k'nT ^^.1^. "^- verbal from nn^,, dec. II. 
 and thou hast lifted up thiiueyes on ^- hroad place. Hab. 1:6. Often 
 high. 40:26. As a concrete the high- "^^d hguratively Ps. 18:20 '-ti^;::-!-^] 
 est, Ps. 92 : 9. and collectively, the ^T^y'il he brought me forth into a 
 high ones, i.e. the princes. Is. 24: 4. broad place, i. e. he gave me free- 
 
 2. pride ; as an adv. proudly, arro- dom, happhiess. (Comp. the oppo- 
 gantly. Ps. 56: 3. site phrase ^i: straitness.) Ps. 31: 9. 
 
 3, something remote or far off, na: 5. l^ a bad sense Hos. 4: 16 
 (comp. D^^ Is. 30: 18.) Ps 10 : 5 ^t.^)^i, ^::,^^ as a sheep going astray . 
 ?':7.';V:3 Tj^pS'^^o m-i^J thy judgments ' * '" ^* * 
 
 arefar from him. ^ F*ll^. '^' ^^^^^^ ^^'^^ j^"^' ^^^- ^^^^' 
 
 iZ^'n^ {height) a proper name. ""'7^. a. remoteness, a remote place. Is. 10:;'>. 
 
 ...iJi, V ^ TIT T u 11 r" 17: 13. pnn73 V""^^^ ^^*^-^^'i^' ^^ 
 
 ST'iyj waters of Merom, Josh. 11:5, I t . . .. 
 
 -, "1 , 11 J r^ 1 c 7 13:5. Plur. D'^pnn?: Zech. 10:9. 
 
 7. a lake, called in Greek Samocho- *' - 
 
 m>w, extending to the Jordan, 60 tJ^.H")^. T>1 Jer. 8 : 19. '^^.'^1'^ 
 stndia long, and 30 broad. yni5 Is. 8: 9. distant lands-. 
 
^^ 393 D-)!D 
 
 pmt' m. verbal from pr^1. dec.VIII. . nr^ -n . . 1 
 
 ' - ^: , ' ; -' & 22, Root n-jx: i. q. Arab, \ r^ 
 
 ii. idem. Plnv. nyn^,J2 h, S3: n^ . j- . u ^ ^ 
 
 ^.^-.^ ^ t.i7'"" ^0 rfi^e*^ t2?c//, hence ^0 ^o?fmL ^e. 
 
 n Jn ( -: i. verbal from Cnn, a rme/ comefaU Chald. Pa. to fatten. (Comp. 
 
 yor boiling or frying. Lev. 2: 7. 7: 9. " '"' '"^"^ 
 L:"):a kindred with DrTD q. v. '^?'^"!^. ^- ^'^^^^^ ^^^"^ ^"): ^^c. X. 
 
 1. ^0 7?iaA-^ ^mooiVt or to sharpen a ^ ^- strife, contention. Gen. 13: 8. 
 sword. Ezek. 21: 14. 33. ^^- ^^'' "' ^""l" 27: 14. 
 
 2. ^0 7/iaA;e .9moo?/i the head of 2. nn'^-)?3 ^ (tcrt^mo/con^cAjiion) 
 any oneUo pluck off the hair. Ezra 9: name of a spring in the desert of Sin, 
 o. Nell. 13: 25DD-\X:w^il I plucked off where the people contended against 
 f/<eir /mir. Is. 50:6 D-^int^ "'^n'^^n Jehovah. Num. 20:13, 24. Deut.33: 
 
 and .ny cheeks to thc.n \h2t ;i;l ^f se^ '^nS./l ^ '^ 
 edofftheludr. Ezek. 29 : 18 -^D 47 19 """i"' "'^^^ ^- ^^^^ 
 
 {i::q-i73 nns euery shoulder is bald. '-T*^-^^ nri ^^^^h'n r i- 
 /. ' . ' , , . , ' ri3 and , J ^n^ f. proper name of 
 
 trom constantly bearmg burdens. -" , ... . _ ^ 
 
 Niph. to become bald. Lev 13- 40 ^ "^'^ *" Jerusalem, on which Solo- 
 
 41. mon built the temple. 2 Chr. 3: 1. 
 
 Pu. I. to be smooth or polished. 1 ^^"- ^^^ ^ ^^^''^l 71.4? the country 
 
 K. 7:45. ofMoriah. It was separated from 
 
 2. to be sharpened, spoken of the mount Zion by a valley, afterwards 
 sword.Part.fem. naniforni2-|i7:73, connected by a bridge. See Jose- 
 Ezek. 21: 15, 16. ' ' ' ' ' P^^ ^"^i^- ^^- ^4. Bella Judaica, iv. 
 
 3. '0172 Di- Is. 18:2, 7. most prob- ^'*- ^^- P" '^- ^^^ ^^ ^he two pas- 
 
 ^'i;-;'-: ,"K:i S- "s;- t'-"'7.;ir V, 
 
 p. .M iiu. ^. nao. i.. ^^,oj.j I'j.Qjj^ j,^^ ^^ ^^^ The Sa- 
 
 "J'liq Chald. to pluck. See Heb. tana mar. text Gen.'22: 2. has J-iJ^nVj. 
 
 ,no. 2. Dan. 7: 4. fi^'l'D f. (liter, their rebellion) Miriam^ 
 
 I. njC m. in pause -"nic, with suff. "tlie sister of Moses, a musician and 
 ':\^-li2, a-'-ia, verbal from nn7J no prophetess. Ex. 15:20. Num.12: 1. 
 L'dec. VI. *1. obstinacy, rebdlion. M/c. 6: 4. In Greek Mugcd^^, Ma- 
 Prov. 17: 11. Ezek. 2: 5 ^-^73 rT'a 3 ^'"* 
 
 H^nfor they are an obstinate house. ^"^^"!'"'^. ^^ '^'"^"^ ^'"^ '^-^' '^^^^^' 
 
 i. e. generation. '1?;: ^ps ^Ae obsti- trouble. Ezek. 21: 11. 
 
 nate or refractory,' Num. 17-25 t3'^")'^1'2 see -^^-itlS. 
 
 Hence used elliptically for ^^^: , ,^,^^ ^. verbal adj'. from n^, Ht- 
 
 /or i% .c re6e//iW.. Vei^'e 8.' 44: 6.* ^^l^:?^^^;^^''^"^- ^^"t' ^2: 24. Comp. 
 
 II. ^-^^^ probably verbal from t-.y: ^^^^ ^; nt,r. softness, hence meta- 
 no^II. AzV^nzm. Job 23: 2. ' phorically/ear. Lev. 26 : 36. Sept. 
 
 N n.. m.Jat, Ti'c/Z/et/; particularly didla. (In Rabbin. ^-|72n3mo//e5ce- 
 
 as a sub^t. a fatted calf lioayug rj*- re, Syr J;i) ailenuavit. For the fig^ 
 
 /^j-roc. It IS gener.illy connected M'ith _ ,.^^ ^^1, ^. >, 
 
 -.r:;and-^p^z,2Sam.6:13. 1K.1:9,19 ' ^' - >^'^ 
 
 25. As an epithet, Ezek..39: 18 C"- ^s ^?*^.'9. "^* verbal from n^^, dec. II. b, 
 
 \::'2. ^N^l?3 67///0C/C5 /eJ iw Bashan. 1- ^/ino^, wa|-|-o?i. 1 K.5: 6. [4; 
 
 Omp.fnrther I*. 1;J1. 11: 6. Am. 26.J 
 
cna 
 
 394 
 
 Pit) 
 
 2. tkSaiofa dkarwi. Cant. 3:10. H, ^n*2 verbal from fcC-j =t^B-^, 
 Lev. 15: 9. j^^ l.'^VfHe^, calmness^ gentleness 
 
 rCSn'S fern, of 13-|?3, admiMyW^ Ytoy. 14: 30 N5-1T: 2b a quiet, gai- 
 ^.*2 Sam. 15: 1. 1 K. 7: 33. Const. tU spirit. 15: 4 "jV-'-, ^"^ = gentleness 
 n52-J^ Gen. 41: 43. With suflf. oftaague^le. mild langiiaofe. Ecc. 
 in^Sn^ Geo 46:29. 1 Sam. 8: 11. 10: 4 ^ei/ej.e/iaci^^rar o#rc. 
 Ph.: .;4..,. co^.. rn15, Joel t-12 . verUa fro^ ^.=. dec. 1. 
 o, 5 x 15: 4. Is. o. 7. a./onW or troubled water. Fzek. o4 
 
 -^V^-)"*^ f verbal fit)m r-"^, dec. XIII. ^^' , . j- * 
 
 . ^J l.r ' ^^"^^ ^ '- ,-r ^^ .^ ^.^^ ^^^ ^pj According to 
 
 imiTicf, /4ace oftrajic, Ezek. 1 
 
 Kimchi, Jo he v^eBtent, strong, jxm- 
 erfuL, a meaning which suits all the 
 passages where the word occiii^ 
 Niph. Job 6: 25 :xi7::-"*= 
 *^^"'"'*lr^ Aow p<yn:erful are th 
 vcords of truth ! 1 K.2:8 n'^n^: rb/r^ 
 a griecma cwne, Mic. 2 : 10 r-- 
 ynn: a sarede^rMCtiim^eorruptio-ce- 
 
 hementissitna. 
 
 Hiph. to make violent, to exctie. 
 Job 16: 3 '^:i:'")^!~n'r ^^ exciUs 
 or eniboldens thee ? 
 
 Note. As it is uncertain whether 
 the Rabbins in giving this interpre- 
 tation have folfowed their knowl- 
 edge of the usns loquendi, or have 
 been gnided, as they frequently 
 - . were, by conjecture, a different ex- 
 
 .^ -_ . . yyn, with pianation has been adopted by oth- 
 
 the signification of Tcr> no. 2. The ^^^ ^-^ considerable plausibility. In 
 
 27: 24. 
 
 n*!-"! - f- (verbal from r:53-> in Piel to 
 
 -r J 
 
 rfecrfr*,) dec.X. decep:ion. Gen. 27:35. 
 34 : 13. rrc-)Q "IIIX faUt weights, 
 Mk. 6:11. i^'S-lO ''^^fit^ afalsebal- 
 amee^ ProY. 11 : 1. ^Metaphorically 
 goods tmJMsify acqviredj Jer. 5: 27. 
 Plur. nis-^T: Ps. 10: 7. 35: 20. 
 
 Wl2 - verbal from 0^-^, vhat is 
 
 trodden wtderfoof. Is. 5: 5. 7: 23. 10: 
 6. Ezek. 34: 19. 
 3?"^^ m.(with two Tseris impure,) dec. 
 I i. q. y~> a friend, companion. With 
 suff. ^r^^.l, plur. S^-l^, Gen. 26 : 
 26. Ja<^. 14:20. 15: 6. Most probl 
 ably the part. Hiph. from y^n, with 
 
 first Tseri is impure, like the Ka 
 mets in ]i^, Tr^, "TCT:. 
 n^'l - m- verbal from rCT^, dec, IX. 
 a. fodder or pashre for cattle. Gen. 
 47:4. Joel 1:18. Job 39: 8. 
 
 Job 6: 25, it b supposed equivalent 
 to ybtZ to be sxreet, (as it is read ia 1 
 MS.) and in the other places tos^noi- 
 fy, agrum ewf, to be sick ; comp. the 
 Arab. KJ^r^ to be sick. 
 n'*J"'.'2 f- verbal fit)m Tisp^, dec. I. J^:")- m. verbal from yxn, an aw/. 
 \. a feeding, pastwrtng ; used of Ex. 21:6. Deut 15: 17. ^ 
 
 shepherd. T'^Q "f3C the sheep p^^Tl^ f verbal from 7\'^^, a pave- 
 
 ^hich [fl^^\^J'f\l ^'^'''l '' ineni. 2 K. 16: 17. 
 
 2. Me Ami it^"^ ^^^^ ^^ ^1. paiisk, furbish, as me- 
 I. X113 ni. and rE"]^ (Jer.8:15.) T ^^ ^^^ ,\TZ. 1 1 
 
 TCibal from fi2n to heal. 
 
 tab. 2 Chr. 4 : 16 p^-73 r^n: pal- 
 
 ,. i^^,^.2Chr.81:.8rV *** Jer- 46:4 rn^n .?ia 
 
 . . _^ oi^; furbish the spears. 
 
 KSnia , Am Ikere no cure . 3b. ^ ^^ . ^^ ^ j^^ g. gj ^g. ggj 
 
 16. Jer. 14: 19. (in Arabrand Svr. i<ie/.) 
 
 2. heabh^ rigour. Prov. 4:22. 16: Deriv.2'T:^na, Z7.^-inn. 
 
 24. 12: 13. 13: 17. . ^ .^ x p-J-^ m. dec. I'v. a. broth, soup Judg- 
 
 3. deHveranet (from adversity.) f 1%"^- \. . /. T 
 Prov. 6: 15. 29: 1. Mai. 3: 20. 6: 19, 20. Also Is. 65: 4 Ken. (Arab. 
 
 4. a remedy^ cmre, Jer. 33: 6. idem,) 
 
nn!D 
 
 3f5 
 
 MtD!Q 
 
 T^^'^j^ - verbal from riJ5-j, dec. II. 
 
 b. an aromatic herb. Cant. 5: 13. 
 nnPI^ f- verbal fromnPn, ointment, 
 
 Ezek. 24 : 10. perhaps a /h>< of oint- 
 ment^ Job 41:23. [41: 31.] 
 rnpn^ f. verbal from nj?"^. 
 
 1. an anointing. Ex. 30: 25. 2 Chr. 
 16: 14. 
 
 2. ointment. 1 Chr. 9: 30. 
 int2 1. to 6c titter. (So in all the 
 
 dialects.) In Kal impers. ^b na a;ri- 
 rum est mihi^ I am troubletl^ grievedj 
 Lam. 1 : 4. Construed with *(73 o6ou/ 
 any one, Ruth 1: 13. 
 
 2. to be grieved. 1 Sam. 30: 6. 
 
 Niph.fut. "1^2 (for "^^"^O ^^ 6co/nc 
 6icr. Is.24: 9. The preterite 1^3 
 Jer. 48: 11. comes from 1^72. 
 
 Pi. fut. '^y2\ 1. to makt hitter^ to 
 imbiiter. Ex, 1:14. Is. 22: 4 T'CN 
 'D.t:2 / u'i// tree/) bitterly. 
 
 2. /o irritate.) provoke, irritare, la- 
 cessere; comp. Hithpa. Gen. 49: 23. 
 
 Hiph. -^rn, infin. -|72n. 
 
 1. ro vmhitter. Job. 27: 2. 
 
 2. construed with b, <o a^tcr. Ruth 
 1: 20 'l*^ "? n^n tAc Almighty hath 
 afflicted me. Comp. b r'^n verse 21. 
 
 3. ''D2 being omitted, to -weep bit- 
 terly. Ze'ch. 12:10. 
 
 Note. In Ex. 23:21, n:!2n for n^n 
 derives its si^ification from n">^. 
 Hithpa. to 6c provoked., irritated. 
 
 y y 
 
 Dan. 8: 7. (Syr. '^^ to provoke, ex- 
 cite to anger.) 
 Deriv. out of course ^12, r:*io, 
 
 rn"^^ f- verbal from ^y^-, dec. X. 
 
 gaii'Joh 16: 13. 
 C")1i3 masc. plur. verbal from 1*^^, 
 
 dec. III. a. bitter herbs. Ex. 12: 8. 
 Num. 9: 11. Sept. Tilxoidfg. Vulg. 
 lactuciB agrestes. For the herbs so 
 named by the Jews, see Carpzov 
 Apparat. ad Antiquit. Sac. Cod. p. 
 402 S. In Lam. 3: 1 5, it corresponds 
 
 to TtZVb wormwood m the patallel 
 clause.* 
 
 nin^Q f- verbal from ^"^r:, dec. X. 
 l.plur. n^'s^yz biitemessts. Dent. 
 32: 32 ni-f-a nibr:rx bitter grapes. 
 Metaphoricaliy Job 13: 26 zrZT] "^^ 
 ni-i-|73 ^7 for thou write*t, L e. 
 decrees!, against me bitter tilings. 
 
 2. gall. Job 20: 25. 
 
 3. poison. Job. 20:14 D'*:nB nnh 
 the poison cf adders. Perhaps strict- 
 ly the gall of adders^ which, accord- 
 ing to Pliny, (N. H. xi. 37.) is the 
 seat of their poison. But bitterness 
 and poison are otherwise kindred 
 ideas in 1 lebre w. (See ^l/' 'yz pair 
 
 onous ; Syr. fi^and Zabian Nma 
 poison,) 
 
 Troii2 sec ndwVTs:. 
 
 !! uH f verbal from ^T^, wickedr 
 
 ness. Used as a concrete wicked, 
 (comp. Lat scehu for scelesta.) 2 
 Chr. 24: 7. 
 H'O^ m- verbal from tt^3 to bear, 
 dec. I. 
 
 1. a bearing, construed like an in- 
 fin. Num. 4: 24 N',r7:ri lirb to la- 
 boHr and to hear. 2 Chr. 20: 25 yi/O 
 M^ "2 'o '^ ^ ^^''^ '^^ ^ ^^ 6 >me * 
 comp. 35: 3. More as a substantive, 
 Num. 4: 19, 27, 31, 32, 47. 
 
 2. a burden. 2 K. 5: 17. Jer. 17: 
 21 ff. Num. 11:11. ?^b n^n to 
 become a burden, 2 SamT 15: 33' 'l9: 
 36. with b?. Job 7:20. 
 
 3. -IJd: te5a fAoi to tAicA tA heart 
 cleaves. Ezek. 24: 25. Comp. fitiD: no. 
 1.(3.) . ' 
 
 4. a proverb, saying, (from i<'j:3 
 efferre!) Prov. 30 : 1. 31 : 1 N^^ 
 ^72^5 in-^p*; n^X the sayings which 
 his mother taught him. Particularly 
 an oracle from God, 2 K. 9: 25. or 
 from a prophet, Is. 13: 1 tz^ ^g 
 an oracle concerning Babel. 15:1. 
 17:1. 19: 1. 
 
 5. a/?rc*cn^,^ii/j;,like Sin372, (comp. 
 fitto:inPi.) 2 Chr. 17: llV 
 
^m 396 -ita^a 
 
 6. perhaps a song^ see Ni!)2 no. 1. 19: 35. Ezek. 4:11, 16. Root *l'iiJ2 
 
 (5.) 1 Chr. 15: 27 Nt;72n '-^/^ the a- i. ^v. tt . 7- -7 
 \ ^. ----,,,* Arab. /-Mvc conj. II. ^0 (Zimrfe. 
 
 chorister. Sept. vcq/wv to)v uoojv. . . . -' 
 
 So also Kimchi. Others: i^/te overseer 'C^TCu m. verbal from "CV^, dec. III. 
 over the burden or bearing (of the a. joy, also j'/je ofeyeci o/* joy. Ps. 48: 
 ark.) 3. Is. 8: 6. 21:11. 
 
 ^U/j (read mosso) m. 2 Chr. 19 : 7 pHU^''^ m. verbal from p^l?? laughter^ 
 
 D'^:!5 ^;'i2i)7w partiality. See^jw: no. 3. also if/ic o6;eci o/* laughter or scorn, 
 {l.y '' Hab. 1: 10. 
 
 (Tli^u'D fern, of iCi!)^:, a burning., con- T'i)2l^'itj'^ f. 1. a snare., pit., i. q. Jl?. 
 fcagration. Is. 30 : 27. See nwN;^)5 Hos. 9 : 8. Root D1::D, Syr. >oAj:) 
 
 vinxit. compcdivit. Hence 
 T\^'Q)2 , const. n.N'^-^, plur. t\^f2. C2^ destruction, ruin. Hos. 9 : 7. 
 
 1. a lifting up. Ps. 141: 2. Oihevs: hatred, persecution., i^rom'ZX^Z. 
 
 2. a fewn/en. Zeph.3: 18. ^^^'uT'D a ^o-. See IrDiU. 
 
 3. a mounting up., particularly of , 
 
 smoke in a conflaoration. Jndg. 20: rT^SlIjiS f- 1- w'l image.^ fewj'c, picture 
 ^^yav-n^^r: the smoke rising up. (^^'^^p ^,^,^^ ^^5;i3_) E^^ek. B: 
 Ver. 40. Comp. I^^Z. jo j^.^.^.j^^nn cZ/amier.'? of i/j^rt^rf^ 
 
 4. a tanner, i.q. 5:, perhaps strict- . ^^ . ^; \.^^^^^^^^ ,^^,^^^ ,,.,a,, ,,.ere 
 ly, a signal by a ligUcd fire, a hw paliited with idolati-ous figures. 
 torn, as if from slf^nif no. 3. Jer.6: 1. Comp. verses 10, 11. n'^2"i;r:3 ]3J 
 
 }' ^-!''^;^ ^''''^' ^ ^^'''- '^'^'' ^' ^' ^' Lev. 26:1. and nvStJ70 Num. 33: 52. 
 
 zek. 20: 40. ^ . -7 , '" x n 
 
 6. a proverb. Lam. 2: 14. ^^'^"'^^ ^^"^''* idolatrous figures. Prov. 
 
 7. a i^rmn^ comp. wN-^': in Pi. Est. 25:11 P.PS m^5'IJr:z nnT "^msn 
 2:18. Jer. 40:5. Particularly 6'ie golden apples with silver figures. Oih- 
 mess or joorn'on ^y/^^c/^ ^Ac host sets be- ^rs : zn^.viW duhes or 6a*fce^j, from 
 
 yore his guest (/^(^t^?.) or 5e;if^5 to him. '^9 ~~5'"J:'' 
 
 Gen. 43: 34. 2 Sam. 11:8. 2. en imag-e, idea^ thought. Ps. 73: 
 
 Note. n^wN-^;^ Ezek. 17:9. is the 7. prov. 18: 11. 
 
 Aram. infm. from N^r:, like Nt:7:. n-)*3-J3^ f verbal from -!5tJ,dec.XIII. 
 
 Comp. n'-)iitl2 infin. Pi. for iii>2. ^ ^ ^.^^.ard. Gen. 29: 15. 31: 7, 41. 
 
 r'liS'w'Qplur. fern. Ps. 74: 3 accord- p-^-jV^'^^^ ^-^j^ pj^j.^ .^^oiV^. Ecc. 12: 
 
 ing to some editions. See riTNt;;'?. -j|^ ' g^^ q'i-i)::o:2. 
 
 ^yO'O m.with suff. "^zv^t:, verbal from HE^'^S m. a shedding of blood. Is. 5: 7. 
 
 i5^I3, dec. Vlll.a. Root, nc^ or rSD ?;o;?o?tr, in Arabic 
 
 1. a /^e?gL^ Is. 25: 12. particularly to shed blood. 
 
 2. ff /iit/, roc/^, as a place of seen- Ip;'^'';?}'^ f- dmninion, government. Is. 9: 
 i4ty ; hence a refuge. Ps. 9: 10. 18: ^ '^ ' j,^^^ ^^,^ ^ ^^,^ ^^^^ ^:,. 
 ^' 46:8,12. ^J ^^^^^_ 
 
 ri::"i2:t3 f. ^^erbal from ^ris dec. X. p-^^-^'^T^^^ plur. fem. verbal from i:^, 
 
 a thorn-hedge. Is. 5: 5. Prov. 15: 19. j^Jji^ },, 
 
 Also nS^D?: Mic. 7: 4. 1^ ^ burning ; e. g. of lime. Is. 33: 
 
 ^V^^ m. ft 5au\ Is. 10:15. Rot>t J2. (comp. Gen. 11: 3.) 
 
 '^;,., p. .^ ^^^fn,n^^ 2. ft Swrnm^; e. g. of corpses. 
 
 TTHV^I^'D f. a measure for liquids. Lev. 3^ ^.,^3 nic-^'^p^ {^fioivings of ua- 
 
t^'iOilZ 397 ima 
 
 ter, from the Chald. Pl^ip Ithpe. stil- flllSS^^ plur. fern, verbal from yn*i;. 
 /ax'27,) proper name of a city or coun- j; ^/^^;^ embroidered or interwoven 
 
 try near bidon. Josh. 11:8. 13: 6. ^Hh gold threads, .ioined Ivith nnT. 
 
 r'^L^t] m. a pan. 2 Sam. 13: 9. Ps. 45: 14. See y^'d no. 1. 
 
 (Cha'ld. n-^DtJ, Nn-'IDTS, ^rr^-lD/:] 2. ocAe. or ca^iJies in which 
 
 ., . T :-' T . : - precious stones are set. Lx. 28: 11, 
 
 ^^^') 13, 14,25. 39: 13, 16. See the root 
 
 1^)2 Gen. 10: 23. mount Masius, a part signif. no. 2. 
 
 of the Gordiean chain, north of Ne- *^3'^tl m.the entrance of ike womb^ma- 
 
 sibi?, called by the Arabians Ju- ". ; ^^ ^. . .-, 
 
 ^^ ' ^ trix. Is.37: 3. 2 K.19: 3. Strictly part. 
 
 M...;^ 1 1 r ..:, Hiph. from in^::, q. v. 
 
 fi<w^ m. verbal from i<\i;:. ^^,X^ . ~W \^ 
 
 T ; . ' " nS t!3u m. dec. II. b. 
 
 1. nsury. ii'22J2 N'iJ: to exact nsury. t- -. , tt 
 Neh 5-7 ' - " 1. 1. q. 'n^UJtt, womb^ matrix, Hos. 
 
 2. adebt.ohlisration.Neh. 10 :32. ^^- ^?:, , , , . r 
 K vJ*^^ found only Gen.lO: oO. a bound- ^^^ g gg.g jon. 2:4. D^-'n-UJ^ <^c 
 
 ary of Joktanite Arabia, which is ^.^^^^^ of the sea, Ps. 93:^4. * * * 
 very difficult to be defined. If the ^^.^ -^ , j ^rrrr j 
 
 eastern boundary is intended, we tZ-^n^Oq plur. masc. dec. VIII. tie- 
 may best compare the Mesene of the siruction, ruin. Lam. 1:7. comp. Dilj 
 ancients, Maishan and Moshan, two Hiph. no. 3. 
 
 cities in the country of the modern ^y^^ ^ ^^^^^y^ from ^Jid, an error, 
 Bassora. Whence the Syrians s^ive : ' ^ 
 
 the name Maishan to the whole oversight. Gen. 43: 12. 
 country on the Tiqfris and Euphra- H'C^ ^o draw, to draw out. Ex. 2: 10. 
 tes below Seleucia. Comp. ncD ^ ' .^^ 2 g^ 2^. j^ p^ jg^ 
 
 DN'pt) m. verbal from nN'^, dec.VlII. * | . 
 
 a. a water trough, (for cattle,) cana- y* 
 
 /w. Judg. 5: 11. MD^ n^- ^o5C5, the great leader and 
 
 riiJ^ U'^ f- verbal from N->^3, a de6<, o6- lawgiver of the Israelites. Sept. Moij- 
 li^ation, debiium. Deut.' 24:10. Prov. fl^' ^^ Ex.2:10, there is given a He- 
 22: 26. i. q. {<UJ73 no. 2. brew derivation of this wordvnamely, 
 
 kulk-;!^ \c j~j a' -n r.n rfmu'zW 01/?, as if a part, from tTuJ72,) 
 
 'jVS* J^ m. fraud, deception. Prov. 26: ^ut the education of Moses am'ong 
 26. Root N-^: to deceive. ^1^^ Egyptians would lead us to re- 
 
 ^l1^5u'Q Ps. 74: 3. see niN^VJi^. gard it as of Egyptian origin. So Jo- 
 
 .. -Jl c T -i- "i -x sephus interprets it, (An tiq. II. 9 6 6.) 
 
 ^fi^C/3 proper name ol a Leviticalcitv ^ ^ V w .. r 
 
 '^%'r'"! *^ *^ '^ drawn out oj the water, irom /MW 
 
 inthetribeof Asher. Josh.l9:26. 21: ^ater, and i^d?;? 5a e^ ; (comp. fio 
 
 30. In 1 Chr. 6:59. [74.] it is written ^aier and mshe to save ; see Jablon- 
 
 bt73 a contraction of ^\t;73. skj^ ed. te Water, T.I. p. 152-157.) 
 
 tlbs^^Dt) ^- verbal from b^{"i?, dec. XI. which is favoured by the Greek man- 
 
 "^ " ' '.... ^^ . p^ on. c Q-?. /I ner of writing the name. Accord- 
 a. a petition, request, rs. 20: b. 37: 4. . , , , , 
 
 ^ , . , 1 ing to this, the name was slightly al- 
 
 n'l.N'Oa knmdmg trough, or rather t^j.^^ by the Hebrews to give it a 
 a wooden dish to contain the dough, significancy in their own language, 
 such as is now in use in the east. Ex. J^ptj m. verbal from n^*:, dec. IX. a. 
 7:28 (joined with ^:i:r.) 12:34. a debt. I) eut 15:2. 
 Deut. 28:5, 17. The derivation is ,_..L-y. ^ . , ... r/ u i ici 
 doubtful. If written with ^ instead >!<1U53 f. 1. desolaHon. Zeph. 1: 15. 
 of ^, it might come from *:5<^i; sour 2. a desolate place. Job 30: 3. 38: 
 
 dough, leaven. '' 27. See tlijrij. 
 
ntS^D 398 v^23^ 
 
 ni>5Vai^ plr. fem. 1. Ps. 73: 18. XlLh. a7i anointing. --. Tit ti2'n )^:4 
 
 treacherous^ deceitful places^ from ri*^2 the anointing oil^ Ex. 25 :'6. 29 : 7, 
 
 to deceive. ' 21. 'Jb'^p rir"D73 ]73*y tAc /lo/y anoint- 
 
 2. Ps. 74:3 n:^?. nitt'^'^ fi^cniaZ i^ oi/, Ex. 30: 25, 31. 
 
 rwtW. Without Dagesh it might II. nn'ilj'32 f. dec. Xll. h. a part., por- 
 
 come from riUX. But with Dag- .. ''* j t .^ .^^ 
 
 , / "" 1 1 . 1 /- ^^^^1 portio^ demensio. Lev. 7 : 35. 
 
 esh it must either be aenved from y 
 
 N-IJ:inthe signification of n.VwJ ; or ^^^^ '^'^^^^ ^K. .-j^.Ai^ , Arab. 
 
 it must be read, as in some editions, ^tTa^a/^ mensus est. See n'::72?3, and 
 
 niM'XT: wilh Sin, from i^'dJZ to destroy. . ~ "' * 
 
 (Job 32: 22. Gen. 18: 24. 27: 21.) ^ = '. 
 
 nnVii::] f. verbal from nr:J, dec. I. I- "Hp^^ f- an infm. from niZJ^a to an- 
 
 ^ 1. apostacy, rebellion, falling army t/'w ^^^ above. 
 
 Prov. 1: 32. D-jnq nlnr:;?^ the falling a1- Hn'^py f. />r/, joortion. Num. 
 
 away of fools (from wisdom.) Par- 18: 8. See riH'iJTS no. II. 
 
 ticulariy rebellion ^gnmsi Jehovah p.pjtd^ strictly\he part. Hiph. from 
 
 Jer. 8: 6. Hos. 11: 5 \nsr^t3 rebel- * ' '^ - -^ ^ ^ 
 
 lion against me. Plur. DTlT^T'Tn Jer.2: ^ *-'*' "^^* ^ 
 
 19. 1. destruction^ desolation^ strictly 
 
 2. as a concrete ^^"^'JD^ '1^X5'D that which dcstwys., desolates. Ex. 12: 
 
 rebellious Israel, Jer' 3: i sl 1 l,l2. '' ^3. Ezek. 5:16. 21:36 n^ptJ2 -^nn 
 
 i_i,t..M;tM>> r J T T 1 J^ artifices pemiciei. 25:15. 
 
 n^^JD13 f. dec. I. an error. Job 19: 4. g. a trap, snare, which takes and 
 
 Root iri':: = r::;*:: and iV^r. destroys. Jer. 5: 26. 
 
 DVuit) m. verbal 'from lV^', an oar. 3. n^n-iJ;^?! nr: 2 K. 23 : 13. the 
 
 Ezek. 27- 29 mount of corrupiion, a name given to 
 
 kA;.-i<^^ "^1 T *.*.:- mount Olivet from the numerous 
 
 u lua m. dec. 1. i. q. u^\L/J, <tn oar. -j i i u u* j ^u 
 
 " "^' . ^ . ^' . idols which were worshipped there. 
 
 Ezek. 27: 6. Root t:'.:: i. q. !::Vu to g^ t^e kingdom of Babylon is called 
 
 ^ow. })y this name, Jer. 51: 25. 
 
 rr^l2, fut. n-^T::, inSn. also f^n^:^: -^-^-jj^ m. i. q. -ir:;, the dawn. Ps. 
 
 (Ex. 29: 29.) ^ j^. 3 
 
 1. to rub over with oil, to anoint. ' 
 
 Ex. 29: 2. y^^'n rttl2 to rub over a riH'JDu m. i. q. DT/wJ^, destruction, 
 
 shield with oil, to make the leather Ezek 9^ 1 
 
 Tub over with paint, Jer. 22: 1 4. a'on, scmeihing destroyed. Is. 52: 1 4. 
 
 2. to anoiw^, to consecrate by unc- pp'^^ m. verbal from nn:b , corn/jo- 
 tioTi; e.g. a priest, Ex. 28: 41. a -: - . "" 
 prophet, 1 K.19.16. a king, 1 Sam.lO: t^on, something corrupted. Lev. 22:25- 
 1.2Sam.2:7.1 K.l:34. Also elliptical- niuDlSt! m. Ezek.47:10. and ni^ptJ 
 ly 2 Sam. 19:11 Msalom whom wc "^j^ek. 26: 5, 14. verbal from ^, 
 anointed {kws;) over us. lience al- , \ 7- ''i 
 so to consecrate generally. Is. 61: 1. ^'^ P^^<^' f ^^^^^ ""2/ ^/""S" ^ ^/'^^"^ 
 That wherewith one anoints or is ^r stretched out. 
 
 anointed is put in the accus. Ps. 45: "lI^ci'D m. dec. II. b. <^ommow. Job 38: 
 
 pV^'^'-oi"' '''' construed with z, - .^'^^^^ .^^.^^ ^,^^^ ^^. ^^^^^ 
 
 ndn Chid. oil. Ezra 6: 9. 7: 22. thou fix its dominion over the earth ? 
 
 *'"* See-^t:;::. 
 
 I. nriui'D f. verbal from n'wJ'3, dec. S'^)2 m, Ezek. 16: 10, 13. according 
 
^t25^ 
 
 399 
 
 )^T2 
 
 to the Jewish commentators, silk. 
 By its derivation from rrciTa to draw^ 
 it may denote ravellings of silk^ ac- 
 cording to the notice of Pliny (H.N. 
 XI. cap. 22.) that silk came from east- 
 ern Asia, in cloth half silk, and 
 was unravelled in Greece, and again 
 rewoven into cloth of entire silk. 
 
 n^'cSl^ m. verbal from nu;r, dec.III.a. 
 
 1. strictly pass. part, anointed. 2 
 Sam. 1:21. n''lp72r? Inbtl the anoint- 
 ed priest^ i. e. the high priest, Lev. 4: 
 3, 5, 16. 
 
 2. as a subst. an anointed one^ a 
 prince. Dan. 9 : 25, 26. More fre- 
 quently nnn^ n^lp^ the anointed of 
 Jehovah^ the king., 1 Sam. 24: 7, 11 . 
 
 3. spoken also ofpriests,patriarchs. 
 Ps. 105:15. 
 
 ':j;p/2, fut. ^^2:12^^ . 
 
 1 . to seize^ take. (Arab, idem.) Ex. 
 12:21 JN:2 Crb nnj:^ ^wTDQ take for 
 yourselves sheep. 
 
 2. io /to/rf, io holdfast ; construed 
 with 2. Judg. 5: 14. 
 
 3. to draw. Judg. 4: 7. Cant. 1: 4. 
 Gen. 37: 28. Particularly (l.) ^[^7: 
 Xlni^n Ex. 19:13. and 'Ops ^^'72 
 rll^n Josh. 6: 5. to blow the jubilee 
 
 horn. It does not necessarily follow 
 from this word that the blast of this 
 instrument consisted in a protracted 
 sound,as in the trumpet. Comp. Arab. 
 s^-^-^ to draw ; in conj. I. II. also 
 i. q. ^'^I.tl to cry aloud., to blow with 
 a trumpet. (2.) ri'iJjv.Jl ^'4?!^ to bend 
 or stretch the bow. 1 K.22:34. Is.66:19. 
 (3.) y'jT.!^ ^*^^ to draw out seed., i.e. 
 sow it along the furrows. Am. 9: 
 13. comp. Ps. 126: 6. (4.) Hos. 7: 5 
 
 2,^^^s--,j^^ n^ l^-qiz he stretches out HilDtS/D see ri1^U3l52. 
 his hand with scorners., i. e. he be- 
 comes their companion. 
 
 4. to take or snatch away. Ps. 28: 
 3. Ezek. 32: 20. Job 24: 22. 
 
 5. to draw out., extend., prolong. 
 Neh. 9:30. Ps.-36:11 ^Ipn ^^^12 
 Ti''2^'l''^'b prolong thy grace to thy wor- 
 shippers. 85:6. 109:12. Jer.31:3 
 "!t?.n ^"^nD^!^ / have prolonged fa-. 
 
 vour to thee. (So in Syr. fs^ to 
 
 drawjwhence \ fv^ > long duration.) 
 
 Hence 
 
 6. to make durable., to strengthen. 
 Ecc. 2:3'^-)-r2-nJ ^-^^iz "^VyL^^b. to 
 strengthen my body with wine. (Syr. 
 j^aLO induruit.) Comp. Pu. 
 
 7. to spread out. Judg. 4: 6 P^"*?^ 
 ^S'2'n 'nijl thou shalt spread thyself 
 out on mount Tabor. 20: 37 ^tJ^'",^ 
 i2n^n and the ambush spread them- 
 selves out. See the Targum on these 
 two places. 
 
 Niph. to be put off^ prolonged. Is. 
 13:22. Ezek. 12: 25, 28. 
 
 Pu. 1. ^0 be drawn out., delayed. 
 Prov. 13: 12. 
 
 2. pass, of Kal no. 6. to be strong.^ 
 courageous., mighty. Is. 18: 2, 7 ''T5 
 
 ^'*a7:?j, comp.Arab. ^X*M^/9 ^tV for- 
 tif., validus^ strenuus. Others, with 
 the Sept. stretched out., longus. 
 
 m. 1. possession. Job 28 : 18. 
 From ^'iJT: to hold or possess. 
 
 2. Ps. 126: 6 ^"iT.n ']-^73 the draw- 
 ing out of seed., i. e. the scattering of 
 it along; (comp. Am. 9: 13.) 
 
 3. Moschians., the proper name of 
 a nation inhabiting the Moschian 
 mountains between Iberia, Armenia 
 and Colchis. Ps. 120: 5. ' In other 
 places always in connexion with 
 bin, i:2^n the Tibarenes., Gen. 10: 2. 
 Ezek. 27: 13. 32: 26. 38: 2, 3. 39:1, 
 These two neighbouring nations are 
 also joined together by Herod. (in.94- 
 VII. 78.) The Samaritan MSS. have 
 71^173 and Yw^lC, Sept. i^o(JO/,Vulg. 
 Mosoch., meaning probably as above. 
 
 Comp. the 
 root, signif. no. 2. 
 11j'Cil2 m. verbal from sr)ir, dec.II. b. 
 
 1. a lying down. 2 Sam.4:5 53*4:7J 
 Q!"!5%!f2fc^[ a lying down or taking rest 
 at noon. Ps. 41: 4. 
 
 2. a lying together., coition. Lev. 
 18: 22 and with men shalt thou not lie 
 ^^L*^l""''5^u;)^ as with a zvoman. 20: 
 
'^D^ 
 
 400 
 
 btiH 
 
 13. Num. 31:17 'nlDj '2'2'^IZ the ly- 
 ing with a man. Verses 18, 35. 
 
 3. a couch^ bed. Gen. 49:4. 2 Sam. 
 17:28. 
 
 4. a coffin. 2 Chr. 16:14. 
 nSpt: m. Chald. a bed, i. q. Heb. 
 
 Sb-ij?:? no. 3. Dan. 2: 28, 29. 
 "jlDlblD m. verbal from "j^^, plur. D""-. 
 
 and DT. 
 
 1. a dwelling. Ps. 26: 8. nT23UJ)J 
 I^iin'^ tAe dwellings of Jehovah, i. e. 
 the temple, a poetical use of the plu- 
 ral, Ps. 84:2. 132: 5. Used also of 
 our last dwelling, the grave,h.22: 16. 
 
 2. particularly a tent. Cant. 1: 8. 
 Very frequently used of the taberna- 
 cle of the congregation in the wilder- 
 ness, Ex. 25: 9. 26: 1 if. 40: 9 ff. 
 More full nn'-.^:^7 iriJT: the tahema- 
 cle of the law, Ex. 38 : 21. Num. 1: 
 50, 53. 10: 11. From Ex. 26 : 7. it 
 appears to have denoted particular- 
 ly the frame and boarding-, in oppo- 
 sition to irnN the covering. Hence 
 l^yz bn&? ]SU:73 Ex. 39: 32. 40: 2, 
 6, 29. ' 
 
 I. Vilit], fut. bM*], to rule, to be mas- 
 ter. Prov. 6: 7. Construed with 2, 
 Gen. 3: 16. 4: 7. Is. 3: 4. more rare- 
 ly with z^, Prov. 28: 1 5. Sometimes 
 it signifies to be placed over any thing, 
 Gen. 24: 2. Construed with b and an 
 infin. to have power to do any thing, 
 Ex. 21: 8. 
 
 Hiph. b'' wiqn to cause to rule, to ap- 
 point ruler. Ps. 8:7. Dan.ll:39. In- 
 lin. used substantively ,tyo/mwo?i, Job 
 25: 2. 
 
 Deriv. out of course 'bt7212, 
 
 II. ^'"012 in Kal, a denom. from }:W2. 
 
 1. to vtter a metaphor or cornpdr- 
 ison. Ezek. 24: 3. 
 
 2. to niter a jjroverb.'EjZ.ok. 12:23. 
 17: 2. 18:2,3. 
 
 3. to sing satires. Joel 2: I7. 
 Niph. to be or become similar, to be 
 
 Me ; construed with pt?, Is. 14: 10. 
 with 5^', Ps. 28: 1. 143: 7. with 3, 
 Ps. 49: 13, 21. 
 
 Pi. i. q. Kal, to speak in parables. 
 Ezek. 21:6. [20:49.] 
 
 Hiph. to compare. Is. 46: 5. 
 
 Kilhpa. as in Niph. to be like, sim- 
 ilar; construed with 3. Job 30: 19. 
 (Arab. J.aa? to be like. Syr. and 
 
 Chald. ^\'/^lD, rn?3 idem.) 
 
 I. /iD'Q m. verbal from bu:^ no. I. 
 
 '.* ~ ' 
 
 dec. VI. p. dominion. Zech. 9:10. 
 
 II. /l3/!j verbal from buJ72 no. II. dec. 
 
 VI. p. something like or similar. Job 
 41:25. 
 ^"3)2 m. prim, dec. IV. a. 
 
 T T 
 
 1. a comparison, similitude, para- 
 ble. Ezek. 17:2. 24:3. 
 
 2. a sentiment, maxim, expressed 
 for the most part by the orientalists 
 in a pithy comparison. (Comp. e. g. 
 Prov. 26 : 1, 2, 3, 6, 7. 8, 9, 11, 14, 
 17.) Prov 1: 1, 6. 10: 1. 25: 1. 26: 
 7, 9. Ecc. 12: 9. Job 13: 12. 1 K. 
 4:32. [5:12). And because such 
 maxims often become proverbial (l 
 Sam.24: 13.) hence 
 
 3. a proverb, naooif-iia ; e g. 1 
 Sam. 10: 12. Ezek. 18:2, 3. 12: 22, 
 23. Comp. naga^olri Luke 4: 13. 
 
 4. figurative discourse generally ; 
 hence a song, poem. Num. 23: 7, 18. 
 Job 27 : 1. 29: 1. Ps. 49: 5. 78:2. 
 Particularly a satiric song, or a song 
 of triumph, over the destruction of 
 one's enemies. Is. 14 : 4. Mic. 
 2:4. Hab. 2 : 6. 'twb TlTl 
 
 T T : T T 
 
 fl2'':\p^51 to be or become a satire and 
 reproach, Deut. 28 : 37. 1 K. 9 : 7. 
 
 (Arab. jV"*-^ a comparison, fable. 
 
 proverb ; in the plur. verses.) 
 *P lI3^ an infin. used as a noun, i. q. 
 
 ):tl2 no. 4. Job 17: 6. 
 n r U^ ni. verbal from nb'iJ, dec. Il.b. 
 1 . a place sent to. Is. 7:25 n'r'iJte 
 
 ^h'd a place whither oxen are driven. 
 2. joined with ^;^ and D*^"!^, thai 
 
 to which one puts his hand, business. 
 
 Deut. 15: 10. 23:21. 28: 8,. 20. 12: 
 
 7. 18. 
 
52tE)53 401 
 
 n'^IpzS, ni7'd^ m- verbal from 
 
 1. a sending. Est. 9: 19, 22. 
 
 2. joined with "l^, ^AaJJ on which 
 one lays his hand^ booty. Is. 11: 14. 
 
 rin*P'Jj'D fern, of the preceding. 
 
 1. a sending. V^.l^:^^. 
 
 2. a dismission.) from service or 
 captivity. Ecc. 8: 8. Comp. the verb 
 in Pi. no. 2. 
 
 I3xp^ m. three.) a triad., trias. Gen.38: 
 
 24. See liih^ three. 
 
 il1^'d)2 f. verbal from D^*^, dec. X. 
 
 1. a desolation. Ezek. 6: 14. 33: 
 28. Plur.Is. 15: G. 
 
 2. an astonishment. Ezek. 5: 15. 
 I^ilj^^ m. verbal from l^rij, dec. VIII. 
 
 a. fatness. Is. 17:4 Tn^IJS ^^^'ipXS 
 Aw /ai 6oc?y. Plur. D''27JU;7p, (i.) 
 the fat^ fertile parts of a coun- 
 try. Gen. 27 : 28, 39. Dan. 11: 24. 
 (2.) as a concrete, thefat^ i. e. the 
 fleshy, muscular, stout, (spoken of 
 warriors.) Ps. 78:31. Is. 10: 16. 
 
 i2'^j'pi235D masc. plur./ai ot dainty hits. 
 Neh. 8: 10. 
 
 ^'^QiiitJ m. verbal from ^'ttj, dec.II.b. 
 a hearings what is heard. Is.ll: 3. 
 
 n^^IDtS fem. of the preceding-. 
 
 4. what is ohsei^Lied. a custom.) mage. 
 Neh. 13: 14. 
 
 5. as a concrete, ohservantia for 
 quern observant., imperaior. Ezek. 
 38:7. 
 
 n*1tlL5tt, plur. nn50"i;?3, fern, of the 
 
 preceding, dec. XIII. a. 
 
 1. a watch OT watching. 2 K. 11:5,6. 
 
 2. the place where one keeps watch. 
 Is. 21: 8. Hab. 2; 1. also persons keep- 
 ing watch.) Neh. 7: 3. 12: 9. 13: 30. 
 
 3. a keeping or preserving. Ex. 1 2: 
 6. 16: 32, 33, 34. As a concrete, 
 what is kept or preserved.) 1 Sam. 
 22: 23. 
 
 4. ty/m^ is observed.) a law., com" 
 mand.) usage. Gen. 26: 5. Lev. 18: 30. 
 22:9. 
 
 5. the care or management of a busi- 
 ness. Num. 4 : 27, 31 n^.^J'^^J DN'T 
 ai^ilJ^i this is the management of their 
 burden.) i. e. this is what they have 
 to bear. Num. 3 : 31. Hence ^?auj 
 1^"f72r7 nW>pi3Num.l:53.or t'T^'k 
 3: 28. or niri": Lev. 8: 35. to do ser- 
 vice in the tent of the congregation, 
 more rarely, simply to keep watch. 
 
 6. the adherence to any one, sequi 
 partes alicujus. 1 Chr.l2: 29 Dn''2^^ 
 
 na pars eorum adhuc sequebatur dom- 
 urn Saul. 
 
 1. the more private audience of j^y^^ ^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^.^ ^^^ ^^ 
 mo?mrc^, to which only the higher - - "^ 
 
 officers were admitted. 1 Sam. 22:14 
 Tjn:s?75pX3 ^N 'nD'] and having access 
 to thy private audience. 2 Sam. 23:23- 
 1 Chr. 11:25. 
 
 2. obedience. As a concrete, obedi- 
 ent.) subject.) Is. 11: 14. 
 
 112X012 m. verbal from n^^, dec. Il.b. 
 ",' ^ 
 
 1 . ct post.) a place where one keeps 
 watch. Neh. 7: 3. Jer. 51: 12. Hence 
 the persons watching.) a watcK Neh. 4: 
 3, 16. [4: 9, 22.] Job 7: 12. ' 
 
 2. custody., confinement.) a prison. 
 Gen. 40:3 if. 42: 17. 
 
 3. that which one keeps or preserves. 
 Prov. 4: 23 'l72'4J?j-!:3^ before all 
 things which thou keepest. 
 
 51 
 
 1. the second place., in succession 
 or rank ; usually put after a noun 
 in regimen. n?.^7i?ri ISls the second 
 priest, the next to the high priest.) ("I rib 
 UJNnrj.) 2 K. 25 : 18. Jer. 62 : 24. 
 Plur. J^2'p73Sj ''Z^*^ sacerdotes secun- 
 darii.) 2 K. 23 : 4. HY^iin nnS)^^ 
 the second chariot.) Gen. 41:43. n SlTJi^ 
 nr^j^ his second brother, 2- Chr. 31 : 
 12.'^:tJa '-l^^'rT the second part of 
 the city, Neh. 11:9. also simply 
 n:;p73 2 K. 22: 14. Zeph. 1: 10. 
 
 2. as a concrete, the second. np;i3 
 ^^.72r: the second after the king, 2 
 Chr. 28 : 7. comp. 1 Sara. 23 : 17, 
 
^trj^ 
 
 402 
 
 ^xmiz 
 
 St. 10: 3. Tob. 1: 22. particularly Eihiop. to spread out^ in Arab. 7^ 
 le second brother^ 1 Chr. 5: 12. 1 idem. 
 
 Est 
 
 the 
 
 Sam. 8: 2. Plur. D'^^^^^^n DJl-'Hi* 
 
 ^feeir other brothers after the eldest^ 1 
 
 Chr. 15: 18. tzi"^:**::^ ^D^ "'Tss s*^- 
 
 ijcr CM/);? of a second qimlity^ Ezra 1 : 
 
 10. 1 Sam. 15:9 L3"':^7i5r: {cattle) of 
 
 less value^ in opposition to SU"*):. Per^ 
 
 haps autumn lambs^ secundo partu 
 
 editi. 
 
 3. a doubling, double. Ex. 16: 22. 
 Is. 61: 7. 
 
 4. a duplicate., copy. Deut. 17: 18. 
 Josh. 8: 32. 
 
 nDki}^ f. verbal from DD*^ , dec. X. 
 plunder, booty, prey. MD'iJTab J*1^tl 
 to become a prey, 2 K. 21:14. ^nD 
 
 IXaw 
 
 1. a kind, species, of animals. Gen. 
 8: 19. of inanimate things, Jer. 15:3. 
 
 2. a tribe. Gen. 10:18,20,31,32. 
 12:3. Used of a whole people, Ezek. 
 20: 32. Jer. 8: 3. 25: 9. Mic. 2: 3. 
 
 3. a subdivision of a tribe, a fami- 
 ly, among the Israelites. Ex. 6: 14 
 if. Num. 1:2 tzininj* n"'n^ Dnins\!;73b 
 
 after their families, after the house of 
 their fathers ; comp. verse 20 ff. 26 : 
 5 ff. Deut. 29: 17. Josh 7: 14 ff. 21: 
 5 ff. 1 Sam. 20: 29 T.b nns'cJT^ n^T 
 'we have a family sacrifice. More 
 rarely and inaccurately, i. q. t:S"^, 
 e. g.Josh. 7: 17 JTlin^ ^ns^iJ^ i. q. 
 in the preceding verse ^TllSl? ^^.^. 
 
 nD^ttb. to give for a prey. Is. 42: 24. .Jr^p^ m. verbal from DS'^, dec.II. b. 
 ''p^Ti^l2m. a narrow path, hollow way. ^ \^'judgnient,the act If judging. 
 Num. 22: 24 tz:'^:qnsti biri3?2 apath 
 
 betiveen the vineyards. Comp. b^tlj 
 the hollow hand. 
 '^TCJ'U only Ezek. 16: 4 '^ri:73^, ac- 
 cording to Jarchi: ad nitorem. It 
 stands \hen for n:?TlJ^,(iike "^^nti for 
 rTbnn,) from nr^ = ^'^^. Accord- 
 ing to others, from ^X-12 Arab. ^^^ 
 conj. II. to wash off, to cleanse, conj. 
 V. to wash one^s self; comp. Syr. 
 
 i^iM.'^ splendidus ; hence '^UJ^r/or 
 
 purifying, the infin. with Yod par- 
 agogic. 
 "iVplZm. verbal from )t:^, dec. II. b. 
 
 a stay, staff, ^ipport. Is. 3: 1 . Met- 
 aphorically Ps. 18: 19. 
 ]'^'\^12 m. verbal from "j^'^, idem. Is.3: 
 
 port. The combining of the mascu- 
 line and feminine forms expresses 
 universality. 
 nT6l2 fem. of the preceding, a staff. 
 
 Judg. 6:21. 2K. 4:31. 18:21. 
 InnSd^ f- const. nnsUJ): , with suif. 
 Tins'^pT:, Plur. nins'iit:, const. 
 nin2^72, dec. XI. g. Root ncuj in 
 
 Lev. 19:15. Ezek. 21:32 [21:27] 
 
 t3SUJ73Jl lb 1^^^ N;2 l^ until he come 
 who shall exercise judgment. fitT2 
 D2J tSB'i;735 to go or enter into judg- 
 m,ent with any one, Job 9: 32. 22: 4. 
 Ps. 143: 2. comp. Job 14: 3. Ecc.ll: 
 9. "^tDE'iJa b?2 one that contends in 
 judgment with me,i. e. my adversary, 
 Is. 50: 8. Particularly a sentencing to 
 punishment. Is. 53: 8. 
 
 2. a judgment, judicial decision. I 
 K. 3: 28. 20: 40. Ps. 17 : 2. Plur. 
 ^in^ ^t3S'2;73 the decisions or coun- 
 sels of Jehovah, Ps. 19: 10. 119: 75, 
 137. Particularly a scwie/ice of pun- 
 ishment, 'B-ni^.uD^aEU:73 -i^-l to pro- 
 nounce sentence against any one, Jer. 
 1: 16. 4:12. 39:5. 52: 9. 2 K. 25: 
 6. See the same phrase under no. 4. 
 
 3. guilt, liability to punishment. 
 tD"'72" tJElpTa blood guiltiness, Ezek. 
 7: 23.' Jer.' 51: 9. Deut. 21. 22 J^tDn 
 n),73~S32'p73 a sin which incurs death; 
 
 comp. 19: 6. 
 
 4. a cause, a suit at law. Num.27: 
 5. Job 13: 18. 23: 4 DS'^U, H^^ 
 "ribs acUJTa to conduct or manage 
 the cause of any one, to be his advo- 
 cate, Deut. 10: 18. Ps. 9 : 5. (Comp. 
 J-'-:! andn-'^..) DwN D"'!::2U;73 ^^"n to 
 
p^^ 403 . ntr):2 
 
 plead or contend with any one, Jer. cene. Another deriv. from the same 
 12: 1. root is p'iJ^?3. Onkelos, Pseudojon 
 
 5. a rights privilege ; e.g. t22*2;73 yu\g.Jilius'procurationi<i,dispensator 
 rr'^Ntan the right of redemption^ Jer. jPuy^ m. verbal from pp_'^ (with a 
 32: 7.^V?.il '^S'^^^a ^/le WgA^ or pre^ Chaldaic form.) dec. II. h. a running 
 rogative of the king^ 1 Sam. 8: 9, 11. abmit. Is. 33: 4. 
 
 Particularly z^Aa? 6e/ong5 to any one ^p-^^ m.verbal from ^p^, dec.IX.a. 
 
 Ti^/iai &e/o^o-5 to the priests^ I e. their i' f .^^I^JP^- P^^t a cupbearer. 
 
 due, 1 Sam. 2: 13. ^.l^^fT^'J^"';-.^^' ^^^- ^ ^^^ ^^^ 21 
 
 6. right, righteousness, justice, i. q. ^J^'?^^^ ^-^ c/n7iA:t^ r^.^eZ.. 
 
 p'liT. Deut. 32: 4 DriJX3 I^D^-^j-bS ^' " ^^^^ watered country. Gen. 13; 
 
 a// /m 'Ziyay^ are righteousness, i. e. y . , J^^ ' 
 
 righteous. !ljP^2?=1 ^^til2 justice and /1pp/2 m. verbal from V^^, ^e%/^^. 
 
 righteouness. Jer. 22 : 15. 23: 5. Ezek. 4: 10. 
 
 -JSUJ^ -:|i<73 >i balmices, Prov. 16: ^^p-^a^ m. the lintel, the timber over 
 
 11. US*i;72 fi^ra with unrighteousness, .i ' j , t-. .^ 
 
 -; : s ' i/ie door posts. Ex.12: 7, 22, 23. 
 
 Jer. 22: 13. Comp. >]p w, tZJ-^DP'iJ. 
 
 7. a law, i. q. ph. Ex. 21: 1. 24: L^,.,y, '- ' . , ;!- , . 
 
 3. particularly a di^^ine law. Lev. 18: ^JCV^H '"' ^^^bal from ^P'i;, weight. 
 
 4, 5, 26. 19: 37. 20: 22. Lev. 19: 35. 1 Chr. 22 : 3 hpp72 ri< 
 
 8. a custom, usage. 1 K.18:28. 2 K. so as not to be weighed. Verse M " 
 11: 14. 17: 33, 34, 40. Hence nS'^.^'n r f^u V. 
 
 9. a mode, manner. Ex. 26: 30. 2 ^?.R.f H ^^'- ^^ ^^e preceding, Is.28: 
 K. 1 : 7 t>i^ U2-iJ7: riT?. u'^a^ wa. 17. and rhp'012 2 K.21: 13. a per- 
 
 the manner of the man ? Judsr. 13:12 ^j- / j' ' / 
 
 ^-:,^,, ^i t,.vw J^-^ ^, pendicle, plummet. 
 
 z /*~7 71 ^A ~ ' * J j' . ^kU/J m. verbal from ypu:, dec. IL b 
 
 what shall the manner and conduct of >t .- *- -' "^ " 
 
 </ie c^i/t/ be ? i?oo/, /?07ic?, where water subsides- 
 
 t:^nS"^^ dual. Gen. 49: 14. Judg. 5: ^zek. 34: 18. 
 
 16. V: q.'a^nD'^ Ps. 68: 14. proba- ^0'^^ f- verbal from n^l":? todissolve, 
 \)\y folds for cattle, particularly the dec. X. a solution, liquor. Num. 6: 3 
 open summer stalls, in which cattle, C3'^i:s'~n'n*4:7J drink formed by dis' 
 in warmer climates, pass the whole solving or macerating grapes 
 
 :~i"vr^'G:ot";/m.tnd ''^;R"^ verba. fro.p.t,ChaId. 
 the note of Voss thereon,) from stare. PW^-^ reed, flute. Dan. 3: 5, 7, 10, 
 Usually rendered water-troughs for .2^- 
 
 cattle ; but the root ^>^* signifies v23i2353 i. q. UJ^?3 no. II. to touch, feel 
 not to drink generally, but to drink . Gen. 27: 12. comp. *^i\i2 verse 21. 
 without being satisfied or refreshed, so p|. l, idem. Gen. 31-34 37 
 
 as only to increase thirst. The rea- o. * to 'grope in darkness. Deut 28- 
 
 son of the dual form does not .ap- 09. Job 5: 14. Construed with an 
 pear. accus. Job 12: 15. 
 
 pc3/3 m. found only Gen. 15: 2. best Hiph. idem. Ex. 10: 21. 
 
 explained by Simonis, a possession, UrTip'D m. verbal from Hn^g, dec. 
 
 i. q. ^*^75, by a commutation of ^ ix. a. 
 
 and p,(see S.) Hence ptJ2-)z a 1. a drinking. Est. 5: 4. 7: 2. n"^2 
 
 5071 of possession, i.e. a possessor, and V.lTl '^^.^^ chamber for drinking 
 
 the whole clause thus, the possessor of wine. Est. 7: 8. 
 
 7/11/ Atme will be Eliezer that Damas- 2. drink. Dan. 1: 10. Ezra 3: 7. 
 
inn 
 
 404 
 
 Pr\i2 
 
 3. a banquet^ GVfinoaoov. Est. 1:3. 
 
 S: 18. 8: 17. 
 nT\ 1^12, emph. r7^nu;:q, Chald. idem. 
 
 i)an. 5: 10. 
 HyQ m. (active part, from n^tt io die^) 
 
 a dead person ., a corpse^ see f)^J2. 
 
 Plur. CD"'*"! 73 dead idols ^ in opposition 
 
 to Jehovah the living God, Ps. 106: 
 
 28. Is. 8: 19. 
 DTt) and defect. t2ri7J m. dec. VII. i. 
 
 found only in the plur. mcn^ (not 
 people generally.) Deut. 2: 34 &n73 
 JIDmI u2*23i!nl men and 'women and 
 children. 3: 6. Job 11: 3. Is. 3: 25. 
 'lEp73 "^DTS few people^ Gen.34:30, Ps. 
 26: 4. Job 11: 11. (Sing. n7J met, in 
 Ethiop. i'?T, pecul. maritus. It oc- 
 curs besides in proper names, in the 
 form ^n73, like iN, const. "^^IJ^, Chald. 
 
 ^liwNJ., C. g. nV^^^DD.) 
 
 ]'2r\l2 m. i. q. ]^n^ stra-w. Is. 25: 10. 
 r^r^ m. with suff. -i-in):, dec. VI. h. 
 
 a 'bridle. Ps. 32: 9. Prov. 26: 3. 
 p'in'D adj.fem. nj^inTJ, plur. tzi'^p^n?:, 
 
 verbal from priT^, dec. III. f ^tiiyeet 
 
 Judg. 14: 14, IB.'Ecc. 5: 11. Ps. 19: 
 
 1 1 . Used abstractly sweetness^ Ezek. 
 
 3: 4 pTn73r^/or sweetness. 
 nn/3 to stretch out. Is. 40: 22. (In 
 
 Syr. and Chald. idem.) Deriv. rinn72> 
 
 a sack. 
 ^ri^ prim, when ? (in Arab, idem.) 
 
 For the most part interrogatively. 
 Gen. 30: 30. Prov. 6: 9. more rarely 
 without an interrogation, Prov. 23: 
 
 35 "f^pi? ''^372 when I awake. '^n7f:: 
 Ex. 8: 5. and "^nT: "ii* how long ? 1 
 Sam. 16:1. Prov.6:9. \n73 '^nni* after 
 how long a time ? Jer. 13: 27. 
 riDi^n^ f. verbal from]5n, dec. Xlll.f 
 
 1. measure^ Ezek. 45:1 1 . daily task., 
 tale.) Ex. 5: 8. comp. "jlDn verse 18. 
 Ex. 30:32 in:'Dr\J2i) after its meas- 
 ure^ i. e. proportion of the ingredi- 
 ents. 2 Chr. 24: 13 and they set the 
 house of God In3l2in72 ":r^' afler its 
 \ former) measure. 
 
 Hi^^A^^ Mai. 1:13. a contraction of 
 !niKbn"Jl^ what a weariness. See 
 the note to the art. 1172. 
 
 n'l3?bnt) plur. fern. Job^29: 17. Prov. 
 
 30: 14. Joel 1: 6. and by transposi- 
 tion ni:^*rir72 Ps.58:7. the front cutting 
 teeth^ or the projecting eye teeth^ den- 
 ies canini. which in wild animals are 
 , ..t 
 
 very dangerous. Root^'n? Arab. J-O 
 
 to bite, or ^b*^ Arab. Ja.> to project, 
 be promineyit. The former deriva- 
 tion is for cutting teeth, the latter 
 for eye teeth. 
 t-in^ m- verbal from l=j73n, something 
 
 sound or uninjured. Ps. 38: 4, 8. Is. 
 1:6. In Judg. 20: 48, it is a corrupt 
 reading for u3n72 men, which is found 
 in several MSS." 
 
 in'Q m- verbal from ^jn:, dec. I. a gift, 
 present. Gen. 34: 12. ]n73 C;'';x one 
 who gives gifts, Prov. 19: 6. 
 
 ilDri/2 fem. of the preceding, dec.XI.a. 
 
 T T 
 
 1 . a gift, present. Gen. 25: 6. Par- 
 ticularly a bribe, Ecc. 7: 7. an of- 
 fering, Ex. 28: 38. 
 
 2. proper name of a place between 
 the desert and the territory of Moab. 
 Num. 21: 18, 19. 
 
 5^j]n53 Chald. i. q. Heb. n:n73 a pre- 
 sent. Dan. 2:6, 48.5: 17. 
 C'^Dn'Q dual masc. the loins, the upper 
 
 part of the hij^, including the small 
 of the back, oa(jri;?; on which the 
 girdle is worn, 2 K. 4: 29. 9: 1. Gen. 
 37: 34. or a burden is borne, Ps. 66: 
 11. the seat of pain in parturition. Is. 
 21: 3. Nah. 2: 11. For its distinction 
 from "rj^^ see that article. (Arab, and 
 Syr. idem. Root "jnT:, ^Aa? to be 
 firm, whence "^rnTDi^.) 
 pPi'D, fut. priTS";, to be or become sweet. 
 Ex. 15 : 25. Job 21 : 33 ib ^pr!73 
 bn3"'';35'l the clods of the valley rest 
 sweetly upon him, est ei terra levis. 24: 
 20 n7^n Tpn72 for ii73-) ^b J^jPnT: 
 the worm is sweet to him. Others 
 take pri^i in the Syriac signification, 
 
wV3 
 
 405 
 
 1^3 
 
 to suck; hence the worm feeds upon ppJQ m. verbal from pni2, idem, J ude:. 
 him. ' I - T^ o 
 
 Hiph. 1 . to sweeten. Ps, 56 : 1 5 9: 1 1 . 
 ^io p^r\l2Z l^W ^2:n tiye iooA; sweet Hpn^ proper name of a station of the 
 co?i5eZ together. Israelites in the desert of Arabia. 
 
 2. intrans. to be sweet. Job 20: 12. Once Num. 33: 28. 
 
 Bevlv. out of course tZl^pjn^i^. ^^^ f. a contraction of nDM fern, of 
 
 priul m. verbal from pn?:, 57a;ee^?ie*5. ^^^^ ^ ^{^^^ j^meji^. Prov. 25 : 14, 
 
 Prov. 27: 9. Metaphorically Zea5wre, Ecc. 3:13. ~ 
 16:21. 
 
 = (1) 
 
 JVi/ii, the 14th letter of the al- 
 phabet, and as a numerical sign de- 
 noting 50. The name ]T3 denotes 
 in Syr. Chald and Arab, ajish. This 
 does not suit the common square 
 character, 'and the final character 
 was probably of later origin. In the 
 Phenician alphabets it is more crook- 
 ed, but the character in the original 
 alphabet was perhaps still more con- 
 formed to its name. 
 
 The commutation of this letter 
 with Lamed and Mem, has already 
 been noticed under those letters. It 
 is also interchanged (l.)with ^, yet 
 very rarely, e.g. n"^T Chald. nn 
 to rise^ as the sun; a-.2UJ Aram! 
 ]^nn two. (2.) with " as the first radi- 
 cal ; e. g. nN;j and n^JD to hefair^ he- 
 coming ; :::j'and n2Ytojo/ace ; UijrS 
 and XD'p'^^ to lay snares. Comp. Gesen. 
 Lehrgebiiude, p. 453. 
 (. 2<0 a primitive particle, expressive 
 
 of respectful entreaty or exhortation, 
 I pray you^ Lat. qu(Eso^ Germ. doch. 
 It is joined (l.) with the imper. in 
 a request or admonition. Gen. 12: 13 
 ^5'"""l^-2^ say, / pray thee. 24: 2 
 fi<D-fa"tJ put^ I pray thee. 24: 45. 
 Judg. 12:6 N3-"^72N: say, I pray thee, 
 or say now. Also in negative senten- 
 ces, with bij and the future, Gen. 
 18: 3 niyn ^^-'bi^ pass not away., I 
 pray thee'. Verse 32 ^n^ N3-K^ 
 ^31Nb let not the Lord., I pray thee^ 
 
 he angry. (2.) with the future, to ex- 
 press the optative. Ps. 124:1 -1?afi<'' 
 ^Nnu)'^ ^^ may Israel now say. 129: 
 
 1. Cant. 7: 9. Particularly with the 
 first person, in requesting permission, 
 Ex. 3:3. 4: 18 t<S IT.S'^^: / will ^o, if 
 thou permittest, or let me go., I pray 
 thee. 1 K. 1 : 12 n:2y N: ^:i:5>''N let 
 me give thee counsel. Cant. 3= 2- Is. 5: 
 1. Num. 20:17 N^-n^a:^: let us 
 pass through, we pray thee. Comp. 
 Gen. 44 : 18. 18: 4. (3) with D5<, 
 if indeed, ii noxs, tav, si quidem.Gen. 
 18: 3 n>\:73 N3-lz:i< if indeed I have 
 found. 24: 42. 30: 27. 33 : 9. (4.) 
 with bj<, nay or no, I pray thee. Gen. 
 33: 10 i>{3-bN nay, I pray thee. 19: 
 18. (5.) N2-n:?l behold now. Gen. 
 12: 11. 16:^2. (6.) N3-'i^^ alas now. 
 Lam. 5: 16. Jer- 4:31. 45:3. 
 
 Note. The frequent use of this 
 particle appears to indicate courtesy 
 and respect ; see Gen. 18: 3. 19: 7, 
 8, 18, 19. 
 
 II. N*3 adj. raw, half-boiled, spoken of 
 flesh. Ex. 12 : 9. Root J^"^3 Arab. 
 
 V. J for UJ to be raw, half-boiled. 
 ^2 a proper name, Ezek.30:14,15,16. 
 Jer. 46: 25. in full ^ITSJJ-M*: Nah. 3: 
 8. Thebes, the ancient capital of Up- 
 per Egypt. Sept. in Ezek. Aioano- 
 ^cg, in Nah. fue'Qig y4u{mv. The 
 
'fifi^S 
 
 406 
 
 Y&^3 
 
 latter appears to be an etymologi- 
 cal explanation of the word after 
 the Coptic. In that language NOil 
 signifies a cord^ measuring line^ hence 
 a portion measured out, and '^V2i< f<3 
 portio^ possessio Amonis^ i. e. the seat 
 of the god Amon, or the place where 
 
 he was principally worshipped See ^^^ ^^^ p)ji3-',and Pi. ?|N:, part.RN272, 
 Jablonskii Opiiscula, ed. te Water 1 --' '-*' '"''^ "" 
 
 to the prophets themseIve8,Num. 24: 
 
 3tD5?b2 LZii^2 the oracle of Balaam. 
 Verse 15. Also to poets, 2 Sam. 23: 
 1. Prov.30: 1. Ps. 36: 1 5?^C CDN2 
 an oracle or song concerning "wicked- 
 ness. See De Wette in loc. Others : 
 an oracle of 'wickedness. 
 
 T.I. p. 163 168. 
 iJ^j m. plur. ni'lwN:, (once IM^z Judg. 
 
 4: 19 Keth.) dec. I. a leather bag or 
 bottle. Judg. 4: 19 ibnn ^n: a bottle 
 of milk. 1 Sam. 16:20. Josh. 9: 4, 
 13. Wine bottles were hung up 
 in the smoke, Ps. 119: 83. 
 
 ni<3 to be fair .^ beautiful ; kindred with 
 nN\ The doubling of the last rad- 
 ical, (comp. Jlinn^Jl from riHi^,) 
 gives rise to a quadriliteral Tll^l 
 and by contraction JllJ^^, plur. ^1N3, 
 to be beautiful. Cant. 1: 10. 2: 14. 4: 
 3. Is. 52: 7. 
 
 f\'\^^ t ifem- ^l^li verbal adj. from 
 Mfi^3, dec. IX. a. and X. 
 
 1. /air, beautiful. Cant. 1: 5. 6: 4. 
 
 2. fit.f becoming., suitable. Ps, 33: 1 
 Sl^lnr} Si IN* 3 tID'^~)'>23'^b praise becom- 
 eih the upright., i. e. it becometh them 
 to praise God. 93:5 ^"ip M^J^: '^H''^^ 
 holiness becometh thine house. 147: 1. 
 Prov. 17:7. 19: 10. 26: 1. 
 
 HND found only in the plural const. 
 
 nifii: , i. q. ill;, tij:. 
 
 1. a dwelling., habitation. Ps. 74: 
 ^0. 83: 13. Lam. 2: 2. 
 
 6. a grassy place., green., pasture. 
 
 'nzi/^ nT5<: the pastures of the desert., 
 
 Ps'65:13. 'Jer.9: 10. 23:9. DIND 
 
 ^iZ:i green pastures.^ Ps. 23: 2. 
 
 t25<3 io ntier., to utter an oitacle. As a 
 
 finite verb found only in Jer. 23: 31. 
 (In a single MS. Zech. 4: 2.) Part, 
 pass. QNS an oracle^ in the phrase 
 rrYrr; D5<: an oracle of Jehovah., i. e. 
 (thus) saith Jehovah, occurring fre- 
 quently in the prophets, who repeat 
 the oracles,asit were,from the mouth 
 of Jehovah. Applied more rarely 
 
 to commit adultery., spoken both of the 
 man and woman. Ex. 20:14. Lev .20: 
 10. Construed with an accus. Prov. 
 6: 32 rjl^i^ V\if) he who committeth 
 adultery with a woman. Lev. 20: 10. 
 Jer. 29: 23. Like the kindred word 
 n: J it is often applied figuratively to 
 the unfaithfulness of the Israelites 
 towards Jehovah, to their apostacy 
 and idolatry. Jer. 3: 8 ump^ ^'^ 
 biiltJ'^ rT^*i373 because rebellious Israel 
 committed adultery. 5: 7. 9: 1. 23: 14. 
 Construed in like manner with an 
 accus. Jer. 3 : 9 "j^.^.rj-nfi^. >lX3n:^ 
 y5',?T"rN') she committed adultery with 
 stones and stocks. Ezek. 23: 37. 
 
 D'^SJ^D masc. plur. verbal from P]^^^, 
 dec'.l.adultery. Jer. 13:27. Ezek.23:43. 
 
 D*^S1^53 masc. plur. verbal from 
 
 P]i<2, dec. I. idem. Hos. 2: 4 L2: 2] 
 in-iiu )^z^^ Sn^D^DN: non let her 
 put away adultery from her \open^ 
 breasts .,i\idX is,as in the parallel clause. 
 let her put away fornication from hei 
 countenance. The coquettish look 
 and exposed breasts are here the 
 signs of fornication and adultery. 
 Vfi^D, fut. yi^t*], to despise., to reject will 
 contempt., often to mock^ insult ; e. g 
 a people, Jer. 33: 24. doctrine, in- 
 struction, Prov. 1: 30. 5: 12. 15: 5 
 the counsel of God, 107: 11. Spok- 
 en of God, who rejects men, Deut 
 32: 19. Lam. 2: 6. Also absolutelj 
 Jer. 14: 21 cast not off for thy name\ 
 sake. (Comp. the kindred verbs n:' 
 and 0^72). 
 
 Pi. y-iV:, fut. Y^.i"./ 
 
 1. i. q. Kal, to despise., contemn 
 Is. 60: 14. Particularly God, Ps. 10 
 3, 13. 74: 18. Is. 1:4. 
 
 2. causat. to give occasion to de 
 spise or blaspheme. 2 Sam. 12: 14. 
 
i<:n3 
 
 407 
 
 1S3 
 
 Hiph. fut. V^?.^ intrans. to be de- 
 spised. Ecc. 12 : 5. The form is 
 Syriac for yfi<3^ 
 
 Hithpo. to be despised., blasphemed. 
 Is. 52: 5 ^^5273 for ywNf::r73. 
 
 "!Si^D f. verbal from yj$;, reproach.^ 
 blasphemy. Is. 37: 3. 
 
 "jI5<3 f. plur. ni^t<2, Neh. 9: 18, 26. 
 and ':]^ni:JJ2 Ezek. 35: 12. verbal 
 from yi<3, itiem. 
 
 Pi^D i- q. p2^ ^^ groan., lament. Ezek. 
 30:24. Job 24: 12. 
 
 npi^D f const. r)jPN2, verbal from p*{:, 
 
 dec. XI. d. a groaning., lamentation. 
 Ex. 2: 24. 6: 5. 
 "^jj^^ found only in Pi. 1N3 to abhor., re- 
 ject. Lam. 2: 7. Ps. 89 : 40. (Arab. 
 -^ 
 
 Tl3 rw med. Vav, abhorruit ah ali- 
 qua re, refugit.) 
 21 proper name of a sacerdotal city 
 in the tribe of Ben jamin, not far from 
 Jerusalem. 1 Sam. 22: 11, 19. Neh. 
 
 11:32. Is. 10:32. ri^i (nn:?) io 
 
 Ab6, 1 Sam. 21:2. 22:9." 
 ^5DD in Kal not used. In Arab, to bring 
 
 forth., particularly words ; hence to 
 show., ajinounce. Deriv. fi<"'^3, nfij:i:2:. 
 
 Ni. Jt22 1. to deliver an oracle from 
 God., to speak as God'^s ambassador., 
 whatever the object may be. Jer. 
 23 : 21. Joel 3:1. Num. 11: 25, 27. 
 Of importance is Am. 3: 8 the lion 
 roareth, who will not be afraid ? 
 the Lord Jehovah speaks., ^^.S"^ ^^"^ "^^ 
 who will not be his messenger ? 
 Since such oracles generally refer 
 to the future, hence 
 
 2. to prophesy., to predict future 
 events in the name of God. 1 K. 22: 
 8,10, 12, 13. Construed with '?, Jer. 
 20: 6. with bN% Jer. 26: 11. with 1:5?, 
 Jer. 25: 13. " 
 
 3. to sing songs or hymns^ (the 
 singer being inspired of God.) 1 Sam. 
 10: 11. 19:19,20. 1 Chr. 25:2, 3. 1 
 K.18: 29. Once n^22 for nJ23 Jer. 
 26:9. 
 
 Hithpa. ^23n^f, sometimes i^^fri 
 
 (Ezek. 37: 10. Jer. 23: 13.) infm. 
 ni3:nn 1 Sam. 10: 13 (like verbs 
 
 1. i. q. Niph. 1 Sam. 10: 5, 6. 19; 
 21, 23, 24. 
 
 2. to act like a madman., fialveaif^av. 
 1 Sam. 18: 10. Inspiration and madness 
 were both attended with singular mo- 
 tions of the body and even with vi- 
 olent convulsions and contortions. 
 Hence the Grk. fiavng the enraptured 
 sooothsayer., from fiaivof-iaoto rave., to 
 be mad ; and the hditfatuns (fromyiz- 
 ri) a soothsayer., a fool ; furor, mad- 
 ness and inspiration. For this reason 
 we find in Jer. 29 : 26, ^f^siiu 
 i<2jn73n connected; and in 2 K. 9: 
 11, Elisha's disciple is called in re- 
 proach i'ii'2J73 a fool. 
 
 i^22 Chald. Ethpa. "^Sinil to prophesy. 
 Ezra. 5: 1. 
 
 n^'j see 22, 
 
 *inj 1 proper name of a mountain be- 
 yond Jordan, over against Jericho. 
 Deut. 32: 48. 34: 1. 
 
 2. of a city in the tribe of Reuben, 
 near mount Nebo. Num. 32: 3, 38. 
 Is. 15: 2. 
 
 3. of a city in the tribe of Judah. 
 Ezra 2: 29. 10 : 43. By way of dis- 
 tinction called 'nnN in: Neh. 7: 33. 
 
 4. of an idol of the Chaldeans. Is. 
 46: 1. The planet Mercury has this 
 name among the Zabians. It is 
 found also in the composition of sev- 
 eral Chaldean names of persons. See,, 
 besides JVebuchadnezzar., other names 
 not found in the Bible, as JYabonassar., 
 Nabopolasser., JVabonebus, etc. 
 
 n5^1!23 f. verbal from- ^^2, dec. X.. a 
 
 prophecy. Neh. 6: 12. 2 Chr. 15: 8. 
 Hence a wanting of a prophet, 2 Chr. 
 9:29. 
 
 nfi<1D3 Chald. idem. Ezra 6:V. 
 
 n^wX3i3"inD and ^^^^^^^^^^(the 
 
 latter in some passages of Jere- 
 miah,) JVebuchadnezzar., king of Bab- 
 ylon, who destroyed Jerusalem, and 
 led the Jews into captivity. Sept. 
 
c:dd 
 
 408 
 
 ^^3 
 
 Na^ov^odovoooQ. Arab. Bochtonas- 
 sar. It occurs frequently in Jere- 
 miah, Daniel, and the books of Kings. 
 Like other Assyrian and Babyloni- 
 an names, this word is best explain- 
 ed from the Persian ; (see Gesenins' 
 Gesch. der hebr. Sprache and 
 Schrift, p. 63.) hence according^ to 
 Lorsbach, i. q. JVebu-godan-sar i. e. 
 Nebo (see 133) deorum princeps. 
 illDTDJ f Chald. a present.^ gift. Dan.2: 
 
 6. 5: 17. comp. Jer. 40: 5. Deut. 33: 
 24. Targ. Jonath. Root probably 
 Tats erogare^ expendere^ whence 
 lr;T3p3 and, by a not uncommon 
 syncope of T , M2T32 . It is common- 
 ly, but erroneously, regarded as the 
 Greek vofniGfuu a coin., (by a com- 
 mutation of 72 and 3,) for neither 
 coin nor money suits the context. 
 According to others, i. q. Pers. no- 
 wasish., blanda tractatio. 
 
 HDD to bark. Once Is. 56: 10. (In A- 
 rab. idem.^ 
 
 HDD proper name of a city in Gilead. 
 Once Judg. 8: 11. 
 
 THSD an idol of the Avites. 2 K. 17: 
 31. The Hebrew interpreters ren- 
 der it latrator^ (as if from n5-,0 <in(l 
 say that this idol had the form of a 
 dog. Traces of the ancient worship 
 of an idol in the form of this animal 
 havebeen discovered in Syria in mod- 
 ern times. Comp. Ikenii Dissert, de 
 Nibchas, in his Dissert. 1749. p. 
 143 ff. 
 
 ui!23 in Kal not used. 
 
 'Pi. Dz:, once Is. 5: 30. and 
 Hiph."u''2lrT. 
 
 1. to look., to direct tlie eye^ to be- 
 hold., regarder^ (different from tlJ$*l.) 
 Job 35: 5 MNini tZ^^,^'^ t:?!! look to 
 heaven and see. Ps. 142: 5. It is con- 
 strued (l.) with ""iri^?, to look after 
 any one, Ex. 33 : ' 8. and T^-}riN 
 to look behind one'^s self 1 Sam. 24:9. 
 Gen 19: 17 '^'^nnN S:''3n bJ< look not 
 behind thee. Verse 20 in'^JwX D^ni 
 )^-^ri^72^ and his {Lofs) wife looked 
 hack from after him. She ought 
 
 to have followed after her hu^' 
 band, but instead of it, showed a 
 disposition to return, hence it is cor- 
 rectly rendered as to the sense, but 
 not literally, in the Vulg. respiciens 
 uxor ejus post sc. (2.) with b^!^, to look 
 upon or nnto., to behold. Ex. 3 r 6. 
 Num. 21: 9. Particularly with hope, 
 Is. 51: 1, 2. Ps. 34: 6. Also to look oti, 
 respect., regard., 1 Sam. 16:7. Is. 66: 
 2. Ps. 119: 6. comp. verse 15, where 
 it is construed with an accus. Also 
 construed with b, instead of '?N, Ps. 
 74: 20. 104: 32. or with :?, Hab. 2: 
 1 5. (3.) with an accus. to regard ; 
 spoken particularly of God, to regard 
 withfavmir. Am. 5: 22. Ps. 84: 10. 
 Lam. 4: 16. Also used absolutely in 
 the same sense, Ps. 13:4. Is. 64:0. 
 
 2. to see., perceive with the eye., i. q. 
 r7w\n. Num. 12: 8. 1 Sam. 2: 32. Is. 
 38: 11. Ps. 10: 14. 
 
 3. construed with 2, to see with sat- 
 isfaction. Ps. 92: 12. 'Comp. !l nm, 
 
 3 rrwN-j. 
 
 4. trans.^^o let or cause to ^ee.Hab. 1 :3. 
 Deriv. t:272, ^272. 
 
 iX'^SD m. verbal from wNi:, dec. III. a. 
 
 1. interpres Dei., one employed by 
 God to make known his will to men. 
 Judg. 6: 8. 2 Sam. 7: 2. This signifi- 
 cation is illustrated by Ex.7:l '^p"^n3 
 
 ^111 T^'^ V^^[^l i^"^"^?'^ tDTirN 
 ':]i''n: thou shalt., in reference to Pha- 
 raoh., i. e. in conversation with him, 
 be the Oorf,!.e. the sovereign director, 
 and Aaron., thy brother., shall be thine 
 interpreter; comp. 4: 16 n^T^I i^^^] 
 ^Db ^b and he shall be thy movfJi.,i\ho 
 Jeri 15f 19. Deut. 18: 18. (In Greek 
 TrQO(fnTr,C!^ v;iocf7']T7]g., strictly an in- 
 ter prei'cr of the divine oracles.) Hence 
 
 2. a friend or confidant of God ; 
 spoken e. g. of Abraham, Gen. 20: 7. 
 of the patriarchs generally, Ps. 105: 
 15. of Moses, Deut. 34:10. 
 
 3. a prophet., one inspired of God 
 to instruct the people and forctel fu- 
 ture events. Deut. 13: 2. 1 Sam. 9: 9. 
 1 K. 22: 7 'ivj nin^^ N"'32 ns fi^n 
 is there not here a prophet of Jehovah 
 
 further? 2K. 3: 11. 2 Chr. 28 : 9. 
 
 'This name is also used in reference 
 
i:a3 
 
 409 
 
 b2i 
 
 to false gods, as by2t^-"^^^'53 pro- 
 phets of Baal, 1 K. 18: 19,40. 2 K. 10: 
 19. n-J-^:^?^ 'N'^:;: prophets ofAstar- 
 te, 1 K. 18:^19. Those to be educa- 
 ted as prophets whether younger or 
 older (2 K. 4 : 1.) were called ^m 
 !p''i<"^n3 sons of the prophets, i.e. their 
 disciples, 1 K. 20: 35. 2 K. 2: 3, 6, 7, 
 15. 4: 1,38. 5:22. 6:1. 9:1. Comp. 
 filii magorum, i. e. disciples of the 
 Magians, among the Persians. 
 
 4. a minstrel, poet, considered as 
 one inspired of God. See r7iN"n3 
 no. 3. ' ' 
 
 ^^yj Chald. idem. Ezra 5: 1, 2. 6: 14. 
 nX^DDfem. ofN'-n:. 
 
 1. a prophetess, a woman ihatfore- 
 tels future events. 2 K. 22: 14. 2 Chr. 
 34: 22, Neh. 6: 14. Judg. 4: 4. 
 
 2. the wife of a prophet. Is. 8: 3. 
 
 3. a poetess, a female musician. 
 Fx. 15:20. See N^^q: no. 4. 
 
 nVni) JVabatheans, the proper name 
 
 of an Arabian tribe, according to 
 Gen. 25: 13. 28: 9. of the race of 
 
 Ishmael. Is. 60: 7. (Arab. JoaJ and 
 
 i2.-5.AJ.) Comp. Diod. Sic. n. 48. 
 
 Reland's Palaestina, p. 90 ff. 
 ?l!!13 found only in the plur. Job 38: 
 16 t3'^-'Dn3 usually the heights of 
 
 the sea, comp. Arab. ^^^J collis ac- 
 uta vertice, from ^^aJ conj. VIII. 
 eminuit, altusfuit. A better sense is 
 given by the Sept. TiTjyi] {^akaaGtjg, 
 
 comp. Arab. ^1-J-> and Chald. 5^3 
 to spring up. ^ 
 
 ?lli3, fut. ^S.\ 1. to wither, to fall off; 
 
 spoken of leaves and flowers. Ps. 1: 
 3. 37:2. Is. 1:30. Hence in com- 
 parisons, as Is.34: 4 all their host {the 
 host of heaven) shall fall down, as the 
 leaves of the vine fall. Ps. 37: 2. 
 
 2. to sink down, to be exhausted. 
 Ex. 18: 18. Is. 24: 4. Job 14: 18 -nn 
 bia*^ be 13 a mountain falling con- 
 tinues to lie. (Kindred with nra and 
 be:.) Deriv. nb33 a corpse. ' ' 
 
 3. to act foolishly, wickedly. Prov. 
 30:32. See the noun bn:. (The ideas 
 of remissness and foolishness are in 
 like manner connected in several A- 
 rabic words.) 
 
 Pi. b23 1. to lightly esteem, to re- 
 ject. Deut. 32: 15. Mic. 7: 6. 
 
 2. to disgrace, dishonour. Nah. 3: 
 6. Jer. 14:21 ^^.in^ NS3 bain bwX 
 dishonour not the throne of thy glory. 
 (Comp. nibl3.) 
 ^33 m. verbal from b53, dec. IV. a. 
 
 T f 
 
 1. foolish, a fool. Pro v. 17: 7,21. 
 Jer. 17:11. Hence, by a common as- 
 sociation of ideas in the Shemltish 
 dialects, 
 
 2. a wicked, ungodly man. (Comp. 
 b'l^ii, DDn.) 1 Sam. 25: 25. 2 Sam^ 
 3: 33. J0V2: 10. This meaning is il- 
 lustrated by Ps. 14:1. 53:2 '^73 
 
 Q"'!'^. r^. ^2b.a b'21 the fool saith 
 in his heart, there is no God. (So 
 in Arabic the synonymous word 
 
 #-^V=5 denotes an atheist, unbelievt 
 
 ing, wicked.) 
 ^DD and 7DD m. plur. D''b:33, const. 
 '^.Ss, dec. VI. g. and h. 
 
 1 . a vessel, bottle ; particularly an 
 earthen wine bottle. Is. 30 : 14 b^?. 
 D''"1i2/' an earthen vessel. Lam. 4: 2 
 Ui'lt^ ^\'22 earthen vessels; comp. 
 Jer. 13: 12. 48: 12. Metaphorically 
 Job 38: 37 D'tt':;-"'bS3 the bottles of 
 heaven. 
 
 2. the name of a musical instru- 
 ment, a kind of harp or lyre, in 
 Greek vu\u (fitbls,) in Lat. nahli- 
 um, e. g. Ovid. A. A. iii. 327. Jose- 
 phus (Antiq. Jud. vii. 10.) repre- 
 sents it as having 1 2 strings, which 
 were played on by the hand. Jerome 
 gives it the form of an inverted Del- 
 ta (f.) The wine jugs (D"'::n3 cadi) 
 of the ancients were usually in the 
 form of a sugar loaf, and the resem- 
 blance to this may have given name 
 to the musical instrument, ^iuj^baa 
 Ps. 33: 2. 144: 9. perhaps a harp of 
 tm strings. Ps. 57: 9. 81:3. 92:4. 
 
;rn3 
 
 410 
 
 153 
 
 108: 3. Is. 5: 12. Am. 5: 23. 6: 5. In- 
 stead of this we meet also with ""'b^ 
 b?.5 Ps. 71: 22. and plur. D'^bln^-'^V.^ 
 ^1 Chr. 16:5. 18.22:24. 
 n'p!23 f. verbal from '^53. 
 
 l". folly, foolishness. Job 42 : 8 
 inV^- DD'ay niu^?' "r^Vlb that I may 
 T^ot deal with you after your folly, for 
 nDnbl23. Is. 32: 6. 
 
 2. -wickedness. 1 Sam. 25: 25. Is. 9: 
 16. 
 
 3. a wicked deed. Judg. 19: 23, 24. 
 2 Sam. 13: 12. The full phrase us- 
 ed of a person guilty of a gross 
 crime, especially of lewdness, is 
 bi^n^r^n nbs: nnt?:?, "n^v he, she 
 has committed a scandalous crime w 
 Israel, Deut. 22: 21. Judg. 20:10. 
 Jer. 29:23. comp. nb:::n n 3t ^^y 
 bi^^^J^n Judg. 20: 6. So Gen. 34: 7, 
 before Israel existed as a people. 
 
 rh^' f const, n^:;.:, with suff. ^nbiii 
 (Is.'26:19.) and "^n^ns, in^n;, a 
 corpse (of a man,) Is. 26: 19. a car- 
 case (of an animal,^ J-^ev. 5: 2. 7: 24. 
 Used by way of reproach of idols, 
 Jer. 16: 18. Comp. n^s Lev. 26: 30. 
 (Root bn: no. 2. comp. n^s^ from 
 
 n'^733 f. verbal from ri:, dec. I. pri- 
 vate parts, pudenda. Hos. 2: 12. [2: 
 10.] See bn: Pi. no. 2. and Chald. 
 b^I^2 fadiias, obsccenitas. 
 3?!}D to spring, to flow. Prov. 18:4 
 i*ib bn^ a Rowing brook. (Chald. 
 Syr. and Arab, idem.) 
 
 Hiph. ^^ji". 1. liter, to let flow out. 
 Prov. 1: 23 "^Hl^ DlDb ^-^SiJ / wt7/ 
 . pour out my spirit upon you. Especi- 
 ally to pour forth wor(\s, Prov. 15:2, 
 28 ni"n i'^a;^ cs;*,^'! "^d t/ie mow^/i 
 of the wicked poureth out evil things. 
 Hence it is used without any further 
 addition in an evil sense, Ps. 59: 8. 
 94:4. 
 
 2, to announce. (Comp. e.g. 51^:.) 
 
 Ps. 19:3. 78:2. 145:7. (Syr. V^i^J 
 Aph. vulgavit.) 
 
 &5n'k23"ll33 f. Chald. a candlestick. Dan^ 
 
 5: 5. (Arab, atid Syr. idem.) 
 D3j m. tlie south. (Root aa3 in Syr. 
 and Chald. to be dry.) n5:-b^:3n the 
 southern boundary, Josh. 1 5:4. "nND 
 ii5 071 the south side, Num. 35: 5. 
 nT"li3 1?.?. on- i/^e 50m^/i of lake Cin- 
 neroih. Josh. 11:2. Hence ni3 y"?.i<. 
 Josh. 15: 19. and simply ii?. Ps. 126: 
 4. owf/i land. Particularly (l.) 
 the southern part of Palestine, wheth- 
 er joined with 7n>^., Gen. 20 : 1. 24: 
 62. or without it. Gen. 13:3. Deut. 
 34: 3. Josh. 10: 40. (2.) Egypt. So 
 at least Dan. 11: 5 ffn^.:n "i^T? the 
 king of the south, in prophetic lan- 
 guage, for the king of Egypt. 
 
 With n- parag. nza: to the south, 
 Ex. 40 : 24. Josh. 17 ": 9, 10 tiz^?. 
 a-^nSkNtr to the south of Ephraim, or 
 as in 18: 3 ^r^ri ^2 n2^3 to the south 
 of the mount. Also tia:*:? Josh. 15: 
 
 21. and nsai.b 1 Chr. 26: 17. where 
 the M has no significancy. 
 
 1^3 in Kal not used. Probably literal- 
 
 ~ T 
 
 ly to be before, in conspectu esse, to 
 be evident. Arab, clara et manifesta 
 fuit res. 
 
 Hiph. T'an 1. to declare, show^ 
 make known ; usually construed with 
 a dative of the person, Gen. 3: 11.9: 
 
 22. 29: 12. 37: 5. rarely with an ac- 
 cus. Ezek. 43: 10. Job 26: 4. Also 
 without cases. Job 42: 3. 
 
 2. to announce, publish. Ps. 111:6. 
 Particularly to publish with ccnnmen- 
 dation, to praise, Ps. 9: 12. 71: 17. 
 92: 3. comp. 75:10 abbi: 1^5ii ':N2 
 but I will praise forever. 
 
 3. to betray. Job 17: 5 l^h^l p*?nb^ 
 tS'^^l {'^'ho) betrays his friends for a 
 prey, I. e. to the plunderer. 
 
 3. to solve a riddle. Judg 14: 19. 
 Comp. Chald. n^iHN. 
 
 Hoph. n.^rr, fut. ^r, infin. pleon- 
 ast. 'l.nn, pass, of Hiph. Josh. 9: 24. 
 Ruth2: ll.Is. 7: 2. 
 7:\] Chald. tofiow. Dan. 7: 10. 
 
m3 
 
 411 
 
 r^: 
 
 ^53 strictly a subst. dec. VI. k. what is 
 before OT in front. '^^P, a/acfe, Judg. 
 9: 11 he cast his life i:i,lpfro7fi him- 
 self^ i. e. away. Hence as an adv. 
 (l.) over against. 2 K. 2:7, 15. 3:22. 
 Deut. 28: 66 and thy life shall hang 
 orver against thee., i. e. thou shalt be 
 in constant danger of thy life. (2.) 
 against. 2 Sam. 18: 13. 
 
 ^asb and na: as a prep, (l.) be- 
 fore^ coram^ in conspectu. Job 4: 16 
 'i'y ^53 before my eyes. Ex. 34: 10 
 ^735"b3 ^52 before thy whole peojtle. 
 llJ^i^Jn ia: coram sole^ i. e. as long 
 as the sun exists; comp. Deut. 21: 
 22, 23. (2.) over against. Ex. 19: 2. 
 Josh. 3: 16. (3.) against^ contra. 1 
 K. 21: 10. Ecc. 4: 12. (4.) near., in 
 the neighbourhood of. 1 Chr. 8: 32. 
 Neh. 3: 10. 
 With other prepositions, (l.) ^^.f.'2 
 
 from before. Is. 1: 16 ^j'^i; ^yil2from 
 before mine eyes. Jon. 2: 6. Prov. 14: 
 7 b^DS '^IJ-fi^b na:^ '^b go away from 
 the foolish man. (2.) IxyD only Gen. 
 2 : 18, 20 i"^^3!S orer against him, 
 suited to him. Sept. verse 18 aaz 
 uvTOv ; verse 20 OfiOtog avrc^. 
 n^D to shine, to give light, to beam. Job 
 
 22: 28. 18: 5. (in Syr. idem.) 
 
 Hiph. 1. to cause to shine. Is. 13: 
 10. 
 
 2. to enlighten. Ps. 18: 29. 2 Sam. 
 22: 29. 
 
 ^53 f- verbal from ."75: , dec. VI. n. 
 brightness, shining; particularly of the 
 fire. Is. 4: 5. of the sun, 2 Sam. 23: 
 4. of the moon, Is. 60 : 19. of the 
 sword, Hab.3:l 1. of the sliechinah or 
 majestic presence of Jehovah, 
 {rAr[''^ ^S^in,,) Ezek. 10: 4. Hab. 3: 
 4. Ps.'l8:13; Prov. 4: 18, probably 
 referring to the rising sun. 
 
 n^D, emph. n?l^3, Chald. brightness, 
 shining, of the dawn. Dan. 6: 20. 
 
 T\T]bi'^ brightness. Plur. Is. 59: 9. 
 
 n^D, fut. na";, to push, spoken of horn- 
 ed animals. Ex. 21:28. 
 
 Pi. idem-. Ezek. 34: 21. Dan. 8:4. 
 Figuratively of a conqueror over- 
 throwing nations before him, Deut. 
 33: 17. 1 K. 22: 11. Ps. 44:6. 
 
 Hithpa. liter, to push one'^s self 
 hence to carry on war against any 
 one. Dan. 11: 40. (in Chald. idem.) 
 
 n!^D m. verbal from n^:, apt or wont 
 
 ]o push. Ex. 21: 29, 36. 
 
 ^'i^D m. dec. III. a. 
 
 1. a prince. (Root 1^1 Arab. 
 
 oVsTTJ to be high-spirited,courageous, 
 whence ^-X^STU high-spirited,noble, 
 
 a prince.) 1 Sam. 9: 16. 10:1. Piur. 
 chiefs, nobles, generally. Job 29: 10. 
 Used abstractly, nobilia, honesta, 
 Prov. 8: 6. 
 
 2. an overseer generally ; e.g. over 
 the temple, 1 Chr.9:ll. 2Chr.31:13. 
 over the palace, 2 Chr. 28: 7. over 
 an army, a captain, 1 Chr. 1 3: 1 . 2 
 Chr. 32: 21. 
 
 T]j'^^2 f. verbal from ]53, dec. X. 
 
 1. a stringed instrument of music. 
 So in the titles of Psalms iv. vi. liv. 
 
 LV. LXVII. LXXVI. 
 
 2. music on a stringed instrument. 
 Lam. 5: 14. Is. 38: 20. 
 
 3. a song for a stringed instrument. 
 Ps. 77: 7. Particularly a satiric song. 
 Lam. 3: 14. Job 30: 9. 
 
 jy in Kal found only in the part. 
 0*^:5!: Ps. 68: 26. otherwise Pi. 'ja^ 
 to play on a stringed instrument. 1 
 Sam. 16: 16, 17, 18,23. 2 K. 3:15. 
 Ps. 33: 3 ]5: JJl'^a'^.l touch skilfully 
 the strings. Is. 23:16. (In Chald. 
 idem.) Deriv. ^I^'^^i. 
 
 5?33, fut. y.r, infin Z'^Z,' with suff. iw:, 
 also n^a. 
 
 1 to touch, usually construed with 
 2, Gen. 3:3. Lev. 5:3. 6:11. [6: 18.] 
 more rarely with b?. Is. 6: 7. Dan. 
 16: 16. with b^., Num. 4: 15. Hag. 2: 
 12. But in this sense it is applied 
 to denote (l.) to injure. Gen. 26: 11 
 Tnujfi^:!^ htn uJ'^Na ^arn whosoever 
 timcheth this man or hi$ wife. Verse 
 
:j?33 
 
 412 
 
 S133 
 
 29. Josh. 9: 19. (2.) to lie with 2i wo- 
 man. Prov. 6: 29. Construed with bN, 
 Gen. 20: 6. (3.) joined with n^., to 
 
 touch or qfcct the heart. 1 Sam.' 10 : 
 
 26. (4.) to injure a plant, spoken of ^py^ m. 
 a pernicious wind. Ezek. 17: 10. 
 
 2. to reach unto any thing ; con- 
 strued with 3, Hos. 4: 2. with ^s?, 
 Mic. 1: 9. Is.'l6: 8. Jer. 4: 10. with 
 >i, Jer. 51. 9. with by, Judg. 20:34, 
 41.Comp. Job 4: 5. 5: 19. 
 
 3. to come to a person or thing", 
 construed with a, 2 Sam. 5: 8. with 
 bi?, Jon. 3: 6. Dan. 9: 21. Used ab- 
 solutely to come^ arrive^ Ezra 3: 1. 
 Neb. 7: 73. Comp. y"5^7. 
 
 4. to smite. Gen. 32:' 26,33. Spok- 
 en particularly of Jehovah, and con- 
 strued wth 2, 1 Sam. 6: 9. Job 19: 
 21. Parti ^'^1 smitten^ punished of 
 
 ground. Is. 25: 12. 26: 5. Lam. 2: 2. 
 In like manner Is. 5: 8 wo to them 
 who cause house to touch on house^ I e. 
 who acquire many houses. 
 
 with suflf. 1^:53, plur. D''2f53 
 const. "^iJ^S, verbal from i*a:, dec. 
 VI. i. 
 
 1. a stroke^ hlow^ wound., also col- 
 lect, blows. Prov. 6: 33. Deut. 17:8. 
 21 : 5. Used most frequently of 
 God's strokes or the plagues which he 
 sends on men. Gen. 12: 17. Ex. 11:1. 
 
 2. n2:"}zyr. Lev. 13: 3, 9, 20,25. 
 and without ny"i:sr verses 22, 29. the 
 plague of leprosy.) also this plague in 
 
 God, Ps. 73:14. Is. 53: 4. 
 
 Niph. to be beaten., spoken of an 
 army ; or rather to make as if one 
 were beaten. Josh. 8: 15. This last 
 turn of the signification is more com- 
 mon in Hithpael. 
 
 Pi. to.smite, i. q. Kal no. 4. used 
 particularly in reference to divine 
 judgments, (comp. Pji:, nD3.) Gen. 
 12: 17. 2K. 15:5. '" '' 
 
 Pu. pass. Ps. 73: 5. 
 
 Hiph. 1 . i. q. Kal no. 1 . to touch ; 
 construed with b, Ex. 4: 25. with b>{, 
 Ex. 12:22. withibr. Is. 6:7. 
 
 2. i. q. Kal no. 2. to reach unto 
 any thing ; construed with b. Gen. 
 28:12. with ^?, Is.8:8.- To befal, Imp- 
 pen.^ as an event, Ecc. 8: 14. Est. 9: 
 26 (with b^i.) My hand attains to 
 any thing., i. e. I obtain or possess it. 
 Lev. 5: 7. Comp. i\::?3 no. 2. 
 
 3. i. q. Kal no. 3. to come to ; con- 
 strued with TJ, Ps. 107:18. withbij, 
 1 Sam. 14 : 9. Also to come to any 
 thing, i.e. to attain it. Est. 4 : 14 
 n^D^^b n^'S^l thou hust attained to 
 royal dignity. Used absolutely, to 
 come; spoken of persons, Est. 6: 14. 
 especially of time, Ezek. 7: 12. Ecc. 
 12: 1 
 
 garments, 13: 14, and in walls, 14:39 
 ff. Hence 
 
 3. one infected with the leprosy or 
 so suspected. Lev. 13 : 4, 13, 17, 31 
 pnsrj S^Z one infected with the scally 
 for which we find barely pn:, verse 
 33. In verse 50, it denotes a gar- 
 ment infected with the leprosy. 
 5r|^3, fut. P]^^. 1. to smite. Spoken 
 
 particularly of Jehovah, who or- 
 dains human calamities or plagues, 
 2 Chr. 21:18. Ex. 7 : 27. [8: 2.] or 
 causes death, 1 Sam. 25: 38. Ps. 89: 
 24. Sometimes this language is us- 
 ed when Jehovah suifers his people 
 to be beaten before their enemies, 
 1 Sam. 4: 3 wherefore hath Jehovah 
 smitten us this day before the Philis- 
 tines? Judg. 20:35. 2 Chr. 13:15. 
 21: 14. Comp. Niph. 
 
 2. to push, thrust; spoken of a 
 man, Ex. 21: 22. of horned cattle, 21: 
 35. 
 
 3. to stumble, to knock against any 
 thing. Prov. 3: 23. Ps. 91: 12, 
 
 Niph. f)5: to be smitten, spoken 
 of an army. Judg. 20: 36. 1 Sam. 4: 
 10. Usually construed with ""asb 1 
 Sam. 4: 2 Israel was smitten before the 
 Philistines. Lev. 26:17. 
 
 Hithpa. to stumble, spoken of the 
 feet. Jer. 13: 16. Comp. Kal no. 3. 
 
 Deriv. out of course nD5^. 
 
 4. causat of Kal no. 1. to cause to ^^?, ^- verbal from 7\^2. 
 
 touch, particularly in the phrase 
 
 r\Dy "ly, ymh yiin to cause to touch 
 the earth, thedust,i.e. to throw to the 
 
 1. a vlague or destructive calami- 
 ty sent by God. Ex. 12:13. 30: 12. 
 
 2. stumbling, offence \^. 8:14. 
 
t5^3 
 
 413 
 
 S^3 
 
 ^y in Kal not used. Prob. tojlow. 
 (In Aram. "1^2 to draw and tojlow.) 
 
 Niph. 1 . to be poured out^ to Jiow 
 away. 2 Sam. 14: 14. Job 20: 28. 
 
 2. to he stretched out. Ps. 77: 3. 
 
 Hiph. ^'^n. 1. to pour out. Ps. 
 75: 9. 
 
 2. ^0 ^/iroTO f^otiiyM, as stones from a 
 mountain. Mic. 1:6. 
 
 3. to throw to., give up, yield, in 
 the phrase :i'^n ""i^ b? 'e ^"^-nrr io 
 g-ire jo any one to the power of the 
 sword, Ezek.35: 5. Jer. 18: 21. Ps. 
 63: 11. Incorrectly rendered ywnrfe- 
 re per rnanus gladii. 
 
 Hoph. to be poured out or thrown 
 down, spoken of water. Mic. 1: 4. 
 12-53, fut. ^15*;, once t)^52; (Is. 58: 3.) 
 
 1. to urge, press, drive on to la- 
 hmir. Is. 58: 3. Hence t35^: a task- 
 master, bailiff, Ex. 3: 7. Is. 9: 3. Job 
 3:18. Also a driver of cattle, Job 
 39: 7. 
 
 2. to press a debtor, Deut. 1 5:2,3. 
 to exact tribute, construed with two 
 accus. 2 K. 23: 35. Hence toaii Dan. 
 1 1 : 20. an exactor of tribute. 
 
 3. to oppress a subject people, al- 
 so to rule over generally. Part. iUIlTS 
 a rw/er, Is.3: 12. 14:2. 60: 17. Zech. 
 10: 4. (So in Ethiop. whence the 
 king of Ethiopia is called JVegush.) 
 
 Niph. 'ba: 1. to be hard pressed 
 (by an enemy.) 1 Sam. 13: 6. 
 
 2. to be oppressed, injured. Is. 53:7. 
 
 3. to be wearied out, spoken of an 
 army. 1 Sam. 14: 24. 
 
 tD3D, not used in the pret. Kal, but 
 
 instead of it the pret. Niph.*i;53, fut. 
 Kal UJ-n"], imper. "iJ-n, ?TvlJ.^, also '^5,^ 
 (Gen. 19: 6.) infin. ri'23a, to d/i^aw 
 near, to approach. Gen. 19: 9 ^IJ.n 
 rrNbn approach nearer. Construed 
 most frequently with bN of the ob- 
 ject, Gen. 27: 22. with ^, Judg. 20: 
 23. with ^5, Gen. 33: 3.' with b?, E- 
 zek. 44: 13. with an accus. Num. 4: 
 19 C'^i'lp^Jl "^ip-ni^. DnUJiZ when 
 they approach the most holy place. 1 
 Sam. 9: 18. with 2, Is. 65: 5. Am. 9: 
 13. Job 41 : 8 [4f: 16] ^Hfi^.a ^m 
 
 JnC^I one {of the scales) joins to anoth- 
 er. Particularly (l.) to approach 
 a woman, to have conjugal intercourse 
 with her. Ex. 19: 15. (2.) to draw 
 near to Jehovah, to turn to him. Is. 
 29: 13. 
 
 Hiph. 'iJ'^atl. 1. to lead or bring 
 Hear, as persons. Gen. 48: 10, 13. 
 
 2. to bring near, as things. Gen. 
 27: 25. 2 Sam. 13: 11. 17:29. Par- 
 ticularly offerings. Am. 5: 25. 
 
 3. to cause to penetrate. Job 40:19. 
 
 4. more rarely, i. q. Kal, to draw 
 near. Am. 9: 10. Is. 41: 22. 45: 21. 
 
 Hoph. oarr pass, of Hiph. no. 1. 
 2 Sam. 3:34. of no. 2. Mal.l: 11. 
 Hithpa. to draw near. Is. 45: 20. 
 
 *1D m. a heap (of fruit.) Is. 17: 11. 
 Elsewhere used figuratively of a 
 heap or pile of waters, Ps. 33: 7 
 ^l^ ''^. ^r.'^ ^.-.^ ^^ gathereth together 
 the waters of the sea as an heap. So 
 Josh. 3: 13, 16 then the waters which 
 came down from above stood IITTN *1 j 
 as an heap. In the same connexion, 
 Ex. 15 : 8. Ps. 78: 13. The same 
 idea is expressed Ex. 14 : 22, by 
 nTJin a wall. Comp. Virg. Georg.iv. 
 36'l. 
 
 i^^j found only 2 K. 17 : 21 Keth. an 
 Aramean form for JTlJ, hence in 
 Hiph. to drive away, to remove. 
 The Keri m*^ is a correct explan- 
 atory gloss. 
 
 D'13 to drive on, to excite to any thing, 
 
 (Arab, vocavit, invitavit ad aliquid.) 
 Only in the phrase Ex. 25: 2 "bs 
 ^2b ^i^v*! '^''tPi?. ''^"'^ everyone whom 
 his heart urges on, \. e^ who acts vol- 
 untarily. 35:21, 29. 
 
 Hithpa. 1. to excite one'^s self, to 
 show one'^s self willing, to act volunta- 
 rily. Neh. 11: 2. Particularly in ref- 
 erence to military service, Judg. 5: 
 2, 9. Comp. Ps. 110: 3. 
 
 2. to give freely, willingly, to bring 
 a voluntary gift. 1 Chr. 29: 9, 14, 17. 
 Ezra 1:6. 2:68. 3:5. 
 
 3. to serve voluntarily, construed 
 withi;. 2 Chr. 17: 16. 
 
 Deriv. out of course !3"'i3 . 
 
113 
 
 414 
 
 ni3 
 
 a'lS Chald. Ithpa. i. q.Heb. 
 
 1 . to be willing or disposed Jor any 
 thing, construed with b. Ezra 7:13. 
 
 2. io give voluntarily'. Ezra. 7: 1 5, 
 1 6. n iniSnn what is given freely^ an 
 Aramean infin. ibid. 
 
 riDID f. verbal from n^S, dec. XI. c. 
 
 1. voluntariness., freewill. Hence 
 ^liyz voluntarily^ freely^ Num. 15: 
 3."Ps. 54:8. and without 2, Deut. 23: 
 24. Hos. 14:5. Ps. 110: 3 T^12^ 
 niil'l^ thy people is willing^ the ab- 
 stract being used for the concrete. 
 
 2. a voluntary gift., a freewill of- 
 ferings in opposition to 'n'7.?. the per- 
 formance of a vow. Ex. 35: 29. Lev. 
 
 22: 23 Tni? riiryn nnn: as a freewill 
 offering thou mayest offer it. Also 
 a present for the temple, Ezra 1 : 4. 
 comp. verse 7. 
 
 3. copiousness^ plenty., largitas. Ps. 
 68:10 nin: D^a a copious rain^plu- 
 
 via larga. 
 
 Note. The ideas to give freely^ to 
 he liberal, to give abundantly., are 
 closely connected, and often in Ara- 
 bic occur under the same root. Comp. 
 Lat. largus^nd largiri. 
 1^1113 m. Chald. a wall or structure, 
 ' Ezra. 6: 4. (in Chald. and Talmud. 
 
 ^^3 (kindred with ^i:,) pret. ^^^l, 
 
 infin. m:, fut. "11^ and ni"] . 
 
 1. trans, to move., fe. g. the wing. 
 Is. 10:14. 
 
 2. to wander about ; spoken of a 
 bird, Prov. 27: 8. Is. 16: 2. of men, 
 Job 15: 23. Part, nil 3 a wandering 
 
 fugitive. Is. 16: 3. 21: 14. Jer. 49: 5. 
 
 3. most frequently, io^ee. Ps. 31: 
 15. 55: 8. 68: 13. Spoken of a bird, 
 txifiy away., Jer. 4: 25. 9: 9. 
 
 Poal nn^3 tojieeaway. Nab. 3:17. 
 Hiph. njtl to frighten., chase away. 
 
 . Job 18: 18. 
 
 Hoph. ^I'n to be thrust away.,2 Sam. 
 23:6.and with another form,fut. "IT , 
 to be frightened away., toflee, Job20:8. 
 Hithpo. to flee. Ps. 64: 9. 
 Ti: Chald. to flee. Dan. 6: 19. 
 
 a'^'1'13 masc. plur. verbal from T^t? 
 
 the tossings of a wakeful person on 
 his bed. Job 7: 4. 
 
 ni!] in Kal not used, i. q. 1!13 and Tn: 
 to flee., depart. (Syr. idem.) 
 
 Pi. tT^3 1. to remove., construed 
 with \. Am. 6: 3. 
 
 2. to cast out, exclude. Is. 66 : 5. 
 (In Rabbin, "^q": a casting out of the 
 synagogue.) 
 
 ni3 f. dec. X. impurity., uncleanness, 
 something unclean, hateful, abomina- 
 ble, in a physical and moral sense. 
 
 (Syr. r^ nauseavit.) Particularly (l.) 
 uncleanness of a woman arising from 
 her monthly courses, Lev. 12: 2. 
 15 : 19, 20. Hence the monthly 
 courses, Lev. 15 : 24, 25, 33. (2.) 
 n-^:?! - '^. Num. 19:9, 13, 20, 21. 
 the waters of impurity, i. e. the water 
 with which any thing unclean is pu- 
 rified, water of purification. Comp. 
 Zech. 13:1 fT^sbl DwNtsnb for sin 
 and uncleanness, i. e. as an expiation 
 and purification. (3.) something un- 
 clean, abominable, spoken of idolatry. 
 . 2 Chr. 29: 5. Ezra 9: 11. Lam. 1:17, 
 4. an abmninable deed, spoken of 
 incest. Lev. 20:21. 
 tV12 m. a liberal gift, present, as the 
 
 price of prostitution. Ezek. 16 : 33. 
 Root JT13 Arab. (lXJ uvidus, 2. libe- 
 
 ralis fuit. Comp. "JlS. 
 niD , fut. rii"; . 1. to piish, thrust, ex- 
 
 pd. 2 Sam. 14: 14. See Hiph. 
 
 2. immittere (securim.) Deut. 20: 
 19. See the kindred verbs n^l. 
 
 Hiph. ni"''^^ L (0 throw down, to 
 cast out. Pl 62: 5. Ps. 5: 11. 
 
 2. to cast out, eject, expel. 2 Chr. 
 13:9. Deut. 30: 1. Jer. 8: 3. Spok- 
 en of the scattering of a flock, Jer. 
 23: 2. 50: 17. 
 
 3. to urge on, seduce. Deut. 13:13. 
 Prov, 7: 21. Construed with ], to 
 turn or seduce away from any one, 
 Deut. 13: 5, 10. 
 
 4. to bring a calamity on any one, 
 construed with b^, 2 Sam. 15: 14. 
 
 Niph. n-ni 1. pass of Hiph. no. 2. 
 
n3 
 
 415 
 
 n3 
 
 to be driven oxU. Jer. 40 : 12. Part. 
 T\1Z one driven out^ a fugitive^ Is. 16: 
 3, 4. 27: 13. Also used collectively 
 Deut. 30: 4. Neh. 1:9. So the fern. 
 nm: Mic. 4: 6. Zeph. 3: 19. With 
 suff. i rn 3 one whom he hath banished^ 
 2 Sam. 14:13. Metaph. Job 6:13 
 '^17212 nrn3 Jr^'iJin hope is driven 
 atiyay yrom me. Spoken of cattle, to 
 wander about^ to go astray^ Deut. 22: 
 1. Ezek. 34: 4, 16. 
 
 2. pass, of Hiph. no.3. to be seduc- 
 ed or led astray. Deut. 4: 19. 30: 17. 
 
 3. immitti., impelli^ (see Kal no.2.) 
 
 nDl3 m. Chald. a */iaf^. (SoinChald. 
 "j-iD and nn:, also 'j'lb, N3^b, see 
 the letter V. The n_ is paragogic 
 as in Jl.l'lfi^.) By a particular met- 
 aphor this word is used to denote the 
 body., as the sheath or covering of the 
 soul. Dan.. 7: 15 my spirit wa^ griev- 
 ed n:*!: iia in the body. The same 
 metaphor is used in Plin. N. H. vii. 
 52 seu 53. donee cremato eo inimici 
 remeanti animoe velut vaginam ademe- 
 rint. So the Nazareans call the body 
 a garment. See Niebuhr's Reise- 
 
 Deut. 19: 5 he wlio goes into a wood ^ beschreibung, Th. 2. p. 439 ff. 
 with his neighbour to hew wood^ ^[13 , fut. IC)':;3^ (Ps. 68: 3.) and Sj'T^ . 
 
 yy?i nhsb ]p55 i"!^ ^n-^:"! and "* ' 
 
 his handfetches a stroke with the axe to 
 cut down the tree ; liter, impellitur or 
 impellit se manus ejus cum, securi. 
 
 Pu. to be pushed or driven. Is. 8 : 
 22 tr^S/D tllbCvNt pushed into darkness. 
 Comp. Jer. 23: 12. 
 
 Hoph. part, m^ chased^ driven. 
 Is. 13: 14. 
 
 Deriv. dTi^i'^^a . 
 I^"*^] m. verbal from i'13, dec. HI. a. 
 
 1. voluntary., giving voluntarily. 
 Generally in the phrase isb ^"''13 
 Ex. 35: 5, 22. 2 Chr. 29 : 31.* (See 
 nns Kal and Hithpa.) Ps. 51: 14 nn 
 !ni'''l3 a willing heart. 
 
 2. /26era/. Pro v. 19:6. 
 
 3. noble., noble minded^ from the 
 connexion of nobleness with liberal- 
 ity. Is. 32: 5, 8. Prov. 17: 7, 26. 
 
 4. subst. one noble in rank., a prince. 
 Job 34: 18. Ps. 107: 40. 113:8. Al- 
 so in the bad sense, a tyrant^ Job 21: 
 28. Is. 13: 2. 
 
 nS*'l3 f. denom. from i'^'13, nobility. 
 also prosperity generally. Job 30: 1 5. 
 
 I. "J ID m. dec. IV. a. a sheath. 1 Chr. 
 2lT 27. See nsn:. 
 
 II. I ID i. q. 113 m. dec. IV. a a libe- 
 
 ral gift., present., as the price of pros- 
 titution. Ezek. 16 : 33. Root nn3, 
 the final Nun being afformative. 
 Cod. 409 of De Rossi reads ^"'13 in-- 
 stead of^-ins . 
 
 1. to drive out., dispellere., e.g. stub- 
 ble, smoke. Ps. 1: 4, 68: 3. 
 
 2. to drive out., put to Jlight, over- 
 come. Job 32: 13. 
 
 Niph. Pi'is pass, of no.l. Is. 41: 2. 
 
 Ps.68>3. ^13 in^.^ a leaf blown about 
 
 by the wind., Lev. 26: 36. Job 13:25. 
 
 Infin. const. f\i3ri Ps. 68: 3. 
 
 '^'ID, fut. -)^^, 'ii^j, nin} (i Sam.h 
 
 11.) to vow^ to make a vow., for the 
 performance of any thing. Constru- 
 ed with a dative of the person. Gen. 
 31 : 13. Deut. 23: 24. Frequently 
 ^^J "Tlw vovere votum^ Judg. 11: 39. 
 2 Sam. 15: 8. Different from IDfiJ 
 to make a vorw of abstinence. 
 I'lD and "inD m. with suff. "'in:, 
 
 plur. d"^.'l2, const. "^^.^3, verbal from 
 ^13, dec. VI. g. 
 
 1. a vow. d"'"l'13 'n'l: vovere vota^ 
 see above. 'ST^yr: Dr^j Ps. 22 : 26. 
 and W^yr: ntJ^ Jiidg, 11: 39. to pay 
 or perform vows. 
 
 2. an offering promised by vow. 
 Lev. 7: 16. in opposition to Tl'yri a 
 
 freewill offering. 
 
 J^D m. found only in Ezek. 7 : 11. ac- 
 cording to the Jewish commentators, 
 a lamentation., for in3,(after the form 
 ::'ip,) from rtrjj. But not suitably 
 to the context. Better from rr^iS 
 
 Arab. w emimnt ; hence greatness^ 
 
irta 
 
 416 
 
 C!n3 
 
 excellences beauty. Sept. cod. Alex. 
 wQcc't'ofiog, 
 
 I. 513, fnt anr. l. to guide, lead; 
 
 e. gT a flock. Gen. 31 : 18. Ex. 3: 1. 
 Construed with 2, Is. 11:6. comp. Ps. 
 
 80: 2 VlOl"^ lii^^' S^Ti': who leadest Jo- 
 seph, like sheep. Cant. 8: 2. 
 
 2. to drive a beast of burden. 2 K. 
 4 : 24 ^!:.T :itl3 cZrit;e forward {the 
 ass.) 9 : 20 :Jtia7 T^'a^l ''S /or Ae 
 driveih {the horse) on furiously. Hence 
 nlr^y :n3 io c?nre a chariot or -oja^- 
 gon, 2 Sam. 6: 3. construed with a, 
 1 Chr. 13: 7. 
 
 3. to lead away, e. g. prisoners. 1 
 Sam. 30: 2. Is, 20: 4. 
 
 4. as in Chald. to be accustomed to 
 any thing. Ecc. 2:3 n^Dns :rf: 'ab'i 
 and my heart being accustomed to wvi- 
 dom, i. e. cleaving to wisdom. 0th- 
 ers,intrans. my heart walking in wis- 
 dom. Others compare a^ib, see the 
 letter ^. 
 
 Pi. 5rt:, fut. an^\ l. i. q. Kal no. 
 1. to lead, Deut. ^: 27. 28:37. to 
 bring, Ex. 10: 13 aTid Jehovah brought 
 an east wind on the land. Ps. 78 : 26. 
 
 2. trans, of Kal no. 2. Ex. 14 : 25 
 n^'lSli?^ ^J^ji-Tlit^ ^^^ caused them to 
 drive them heavily. 
 
 3. to take away, i. q. Kal no. 3. 
 Gen, 31 :26. 
 
 II. 5ri3 i. q. tiyi, p!n3 to sigh, pant, 
 gasp. In Arab, and Syr. idem. Only 
 in Pi. Nah. 2: 8. 
 
 Tm to lament. Ezek. 32: 18. Mic. 2: 
 
 T 
 
 4 n^ri: "^Jia sin: they lament with a 
 doleful lamentation. Deriv. "^!13, "^S. 
 Niph. to assemble, as in Chaild. 1 
 Sam. 7: 2 the whole house of Israel 
 assembled after Jehovah, i. e. they 
 united to follow Jehovah. The 
 phrase is analogous with ii\72 , ?jrn 
 Snitn"^ '^'iriJt. An etymological con- 
 nexion with the signification of Kal 
 is possible ; comp. p^T to cry ; Niph. 
 convocari, congregari. 
 linD Chald. light. Dan. 2: 22Keri, as 
 
 is common in Chald. The Kethib has 
 
 iS'n'^rsS as JnSvriac. See "nrTS no. 2. 
 
 *iJlD m. in pause 'S73, verbal from im, 
 a lamentation. Jer. 9: 17. Am. 5: 16 
 "rf? ""^.V ^^*^*^ ^'*<^ <^^e A;i//ed m /a- 
 mcn^aiion. 
 
 rjV[3 fern, of -"rtD, 1. a lamentation. 
 Mic. 2: 4. 
 
 2.fem.ofanadj.'^!r7:,/or6Tdden.Prov. 
 13:19 ':;B:b snyn n';nD niNn/or6id- 
 den desire is sweet to the soul. Root 
 
 V.g-> in Arab, to forbid, hinder. The 
 formation of the fem. ?l^n2 from the 
 masc. ''riS, is entirely analogous to 
 the forms '^112 m. and rf^5l5 f a la- 
 mentation, and to the declension of 
 the form "^n: generally. The an- 
 cient versions have all missed the 
 meaning. 
 
 ^^m see n'^.ni 
 
 I'l'^nD Chald. verbal from ^Hj no. II. 
 
 T "^ 
 
 illumination, wisdom. Dan. 5: 11,14. 
 Syr. idem. 
 7n3 in Kal not used. 
 
 "Pi. hriz, fut. brt:\ 
 -..7 ..- . 
 
 1. to lead, guide. Ex. 15:13. 2 Chr. 
 28: 15 tza^-)73n2 tZilbn:^} and they 
 led them upon asses. Ps. 23: 2 "53 ):V 
 ''^c.vJli') f^Tn^:73 ^e leads me by" still 
 waters. 31: 4. Is. 49: 10. 51: 18. It in- 
 cludes here the idea of care and pro- 
 tection. Hence 
 
 2. to protect. 2 Chr.32:22. (Comp. 
 1 Chr. 22: 18.) 
 
 3. to provide for. Gen. 47: 17. 
 Hithpa. to march, proceed. Gei>. 
 
 33: 14. 
 
 7^n3 ni. dec. I. 
 
 1 . prob. pastures, from !:!13 to drive 
 (cattle ;) comp. 'lalC. Is. 7^ 19. 
 
 2. proper name of a city in the 
 tribe of Zebulun. Judg. 1: 30. Also 
 written i^bin: Josh. 19: 1^. 
 
 CriO, fut. tnnr, (synon. with ^^XD.) 
 
 1. to roar, as a lion. Pro v. 28: 15. 
 Is. 5: 29. 
 
 2. to rage, foam, as the sea. Is. 5: 
 30. 
 
 3. to sigh, groan. Ezek. 24: 23: 
 
inD 
 
 417 
 
 ms 
 
 Prov. 5: 1 1 . Arab, and Syr. idem. 
 Kindred with Ji?3n q. v. 
 
 uHD ni. verbal from DS13, the roaring 
 of a lion. Prov. 19: 12.20:2. 
 
 7]12T\2 f. const, n^rt: , verbal from 
 an2, dec. XI. d. 
 
 1. the raging of the sea. Is. 5: 30. 
 
 2. a groaning. Ps. 38: 9. 
 
 priD, fut. p^l:*;, to cry as an ass^ to bray. 
 
 Job 6: 5. Also in a different con- 
 nexion, 30: 7. (In Chald. and Arab. 
 idem.^ 
 
 I. "in3 to run^ Jlow^ conjluere. (In 
 Arab, idem.) Whence ^Jl3. Used 
 only metaphorically of nations, Is. 2: 
 2 D^ian-bs T^bN* n-^nan and a// wa- 
 tions shall Jlow unto it. Jer. 31 : 12. 
 51:44. Construed with b?, Mic. 4:1. 
 
 II. in 3 as in Aramean, to shine^ to be 
 
 clear.) bright ; hence figuratively to 
 rejoice^ to have a bright countenance. 
 (Comp. I^l^ no. 2.) Ps. 34:6. Is. 60: 
 5. Deriv. n*in:, nina, i^^hd. It 
 Is kindred with *i!)3 to shine. See 
 the letter n . 
 "in 3 m. verbal from "iSis no. I. dec. 
 IV. a. a stream, river. DID 1113 the 
 ri'ije?- Euphrates.) Gen. 15: 18. This riv- 
 er is also called by way of eminence 
 1^3 and "insn, Gen. 31: 21. Ex.23: 
 31. Ps.72:k hence *^n3n 'nns? the 
 country beyond the Euphrates., Is. 7:20. 
 also on this side of the Euphrates^ Ez- 
 ra 8: 36. See "in?. It is likewise 
 used of the currents or streams of the 
 sea, Jon. 2: 3 '33Sb'' *^n3T and the 
 sea surrounded me. 
 
 Dual to "^ "111 3 (as if from a sing. 
 iJj:,) the two rivers.) used of the Ti- 
 gris and Euphrates, only in the 
 phrase D^ntl3 a-li? Syria of the two 
 rivers., i. e. Mesopotamia, Gen. 24: 10. 
 Deut. 23: 5. 
 
 Plur. D'^"5!i3, more frequently 
 nTnJ-T3, const, nil r|3. 
 
 ^nD m- Chald. a stream. Dan. 7: 10. 
 
 nnil3 '^'2^ the country on this side of 
 '"'" "' 53 
 
 the river {Euphrates^) Ezra 4: 10, 16, 
 17, 20. 
 
 ninD f- verbal from in3 no. II. lights 
 the light of the sun. Job 3: 4. 
 
 |J<13 or i^*^D in Kal not used; except 
 in Num. 32: 7 Keth. to remove, for- 
 sake. (Arab. NT 3 idem.) 
 Hiph. fi<"3n. 
 
 1. to hold back, forbid, make of no 
 effect. Ps. 33 : 10. Num. 30 : 6 Dfi< 
 rrnN n *^i$ '^"'^.i?. but if her father for- 
 bid her. Verses 9, 12. 
 
 2. to cause to turn away from any 
 one, construed with "Jtt. Num. 32: 
 7,9. 
 
 3. in trans, to refuse. Ps. 141 : 8. 
 The full reading ^''3^ is found in 36 
 MSS. 
 
 Deriv. iiN^Sn. 
 313 1- to sprout, shoot, germinate. Ps. 
 92: 15. 
 
 2. to grow, increase, spoken of 
 riches. Ps. 62:11. Comp. n"2ntt. 
 
 3. to utter, bring forth, spoken of 
 the mouth. Prov. 10: 31. 
 
 Pil. nni 3 to make to sprout, to cause 
 to flourish. Zech. 9: 17. 
 Deriv. n-'S, nn^3n. 
 313 or 313 Is. 57': 19 Keth. i. q. a"*! 
 q. V. 
 
 I. ^13 (comp. the kindred TliO 
 
 1. to shake, as a reed. 1 K. 14: 15. 
 (In Arab, idem.) 
 
 2. to wander about, as a fugitive. 
 Jer. 4:1. Gen. 4: 12, 14 n3T y3 a/w- 
 gitive and a vagabond. Ps. 56: 9. 
 
 3. to flee. Ps. 11:1. Jer. 49:30. 
 Hiph. -j^3n. 
 
 1 . to move, shake ; hence with 
 UJ^Jia to shake the head, Jer. 18: 16. 
 
 2. to cause to wander about, to 
 frighten or chase away. 2 K. 21:8. 
 
 Ps. 36: 12. 
 Hithpa. n'ii3nrj. 
 
 1 . to shake,to reel to andfro.\s.24:20. 
 
 2. to shake the head. Jer. 48: 27. 
 Deriv. ^13 73. 
 
 II. "llD construed with a dative, to 
 pity, lament any one. According to 
 some, liier. to shake the head, as a sign 
 of mourning, (comp. Job 16:4,5.) 
 
niD 
 
 418 
 
 013 
 
 and then to be referred to no. I. It 
 is used (l.) in reference to a person 
 living, to pity^ comfort^ and constru- 
 ed with ^ Job 2: 11. 42: 11. Is. 51: 
 19. Jer.l6:5. (2.) in reference to 
 a dead person, to lament, bewail. Jer. 
 22: 10. 
 
 Hithpa. to mourn, lament. Jer. 31: 
 18. 
 "T^^DChald. <o^ce. Dan.4: 11. 
 
 "liD m. j/^ig^i, banishment. (Ps. 56. 9.) 
 Hence the proper name of a coun- 
 try into which Cain removed after 
 his banishment. Gen. 4: 16. 
 
 I. Jl'O to dwell; (see Jlia, ni:.) Hab. 
 2: 5 rtl j"; N P") 1"'ii; ^^^. the arro- 
 gant man, he dwells not {quietly,) i. e. 
 he keeps not still, but makes war on 
 others. 
 
 II. n13 to be beautiful, i. q. ^Ti<:, n>>3. 
 
 Hiph. to exalt, to praise. Ex. 15: 
 2. Sept. So'aOM aviov. Vulg. glo- 
 rificabo eum. 
 tl 'IS, const. 1113, with suif. "t^Ij, ^H'},':, 
 
 DrT.13, plur. nik\2 q. V. verbal from 
 "nil no. 1. 
 
 1. a dwelling, habitation. Pro v. 3: 
 33. 21: 20. Is. 35: 7 D-^Sn m a hab- 
 itation oj" dragons. 
 
 2. a pasture for flocks. Hos. 9: 13. 
 Is. 65:10. Jer. 23:3. 
 
 I. niD fern, of rrj.s, dec. XI. a. 
 
 1. a dwelling. Job 8:6. 
 
 2. a pasture. Zeph. 2: 6. 
 
 3. adj. fem. from rii : an inhabitant. 
 Ps. 68: 13 n^2 n^^ a domestic wo- 
 
 ' 'man,domi habitans. 
 
 II. mS a contraction of niNjjtJtf/cAra. 
 Jer. 6: 2. 
 
 TV): , fut n^::- 
 
 1 . to rest, spoken of Noah's ark. 
 Gen. 8: 4. to encamp, spoken of an 
 army. Is. 7:2, 19. 2 Sam. 21: 10. to 
 descend on any one, spoken of the 
 spirit of God, Num. 11: 25, 26. comp. 
 Is. 11: 2. 
 
 2. to rest, to have repose. Ex."20:ll. 
 23:12. Deut. 5:14. Also to have 
 
 rest from trials, persecutions, constru- 
 ed with '\J2, Job 3: 26. Est. 9 : 22. 
 Impers. Job 3: 12 ""^ n^:^ TN then 
 should I have rested. Is. 23:^12. 'Neh. 
 9: 28. 2 K. 2: 15 the spirit of Elijah 
 rests upon FAisha. Is. 25: 10. Particu- 
 larly (l.) to abide, continue. Ecc. 7:9 
 anger restcth in the bosom of a fool. 
 Prov. 14: 33. Ps. 125: 3 the sceptre of 
 the wicked shall not rest on the lot of 
 the righteous; comp. Is. 20: 32. (2.) to 
 be still, silent. 1 Sam. 25: 9. (In Syr. 
 and Chald. idem. In Arab. comp. 
 
 rr^ in genua procubuit camela.) 
 ^Hiph. ni:n 1. to let or set down. E- 
 zek. 37: f. 40:2. Ex. 17: 11. 
 
 2. to make or cause to rest. 
 Ezek. 44 : 30. Is. 30 : 32. Usual- 
 ly construed with the dative, to 
 give rest, Is. 28: 12. 14: 3. Most fre- 
 quently applied to Jehovah, who 
 gives his people their desired rest 
 by the promised possession of Ca- 
 naan and the subjugation of the 
 neighbouring nations, Ex. 33 : 14 
 l^b 'riji^;^. I will give thee rest. Josh. 
 1:13,15. beut.3:20. 12:10 n^2m 
 n'^nDT: Dp'^n';^;-:^^ D^b and he will 
 give you rest from all your enemies 
 round about. 25 : 19. Josh. 21 : 44. 
 (Comp. in N. T. Tiavauuvoj, y.utol- 
 navGig.) 
 
 3. THTan n''2r! to cool or abate 
 one's anger. Ezek. 5: 13. 16:42. 21; 
 22. [21:^ 17.] 24: 13. Zech. 6: 8. 
 
 Hoph. nsnln there is rest given ^ 
 construed with a dat. Lam. 5: 5. 
 
 Deriv. out of course tin^n, ni3^, 
 nn^3^, nn:. 
 
 niD verbal from tj^:, rest. Est. 9: 16, 
 11, 18. With suff. "r.nr. 2Chr. 6: 
 41. 
 
 tO*^] i. q. t2T73 to slmke, to tremble, to be 
 moved. Once Ps. 99: 1. Sept. aaXev- 
 {t^tjTO) iq yt]. Vulg. moveatur terra. 
 
 ^^13 f Chald. Ezra 6: 11. and "^13 
 
 Dan. 2: 5. a dunghil. Root h^,": i. q. 
 rs: to dirty, soil. Hence Dan. 2: 5 
 and your houses shall be made a dung" 
 Ml, i. e. levelled with the earth. 
 D*^D to sleep, to slumber, i. q. '(U:\ 
 Particularly from indolence, sluggish- 
 
:?1D 
 
 419 
 
 C113 
 
 ness. Nah. 3: 18. Is. 56: 10. Ps. 121: 
 3. Is. 5: 27. (In Syr. and Arab, more 
 frequent.) Deriv. out of course 
 
 n'D^D f verbal from Q12, sleep^ slug- 
 gishness. Prov. 23: 21. 
 1 "^ 3 in Niph. (according to the Keri,) 
 or in Hiph. (according to the Kethib,) 
 sobolescere. Ps. 72: 17]iiT u;??,;^' "ipsb 
 i^\p as long as the sun exists^ shall his 
 name Jlcnirish. Deriv. pD soholes^ al- 
 so probably 1^273. Comp. further 
 the Syr. and Chald. "jn: ajish^ so cal- 
 led from its rapid propagation. 
 ^1j to flee before any person or thing; 
 construed with 'jtt, Is. 24:18. with 
 'p.Db, Deut. 28: 25. Josh. 7: 4. with 
 \:2>2, 2 Sam. 23 : 11. Lev. 26: 
 36 S^n. n0372 :iD:t they shall flee, as 
 before the sword. Spoken of inani- 
 mate objects, e. g. of waves, Ps.l04: 
 7. of a shadow, Cant, 2 : 17. 4: 6. 
 Once ib ::: il s^enfdt, Is.31:8. comp. 
 b, p. 323. " 
 
 Pil. DOia to chase., drive. Is. 59: 19 
 a compressed stream, Min^ Tm 
 is 'n'00'2 which the wind of Jehovah 
 has driven up. 
 
 Hiph. D^2n 1. to put to flight. 
 Deut. 32: 30.** 
 
 2. to save by flight, to remove se- 
 cretly. Ex. 9: 20. Judg.6: 11. 
 
 Hithpal. DO'iznn to flee. Ps. 60:6. 
 
 Deriv. Di:a, iiDi-Ta. 
 )J?'^3 1- to move, to be moved, spoken 
 of the lips. 1 Sam. 1: 13. 
 
 2. particularly to shake, tremble. Is. 
 6: 4. 7: 2. 19: 1. Ex: 20: 15. 
 
 3. to stagger, to be giddy. Is. 24: 
 19. 29: 9 they are giddy, but not from 
 strong drink. Ps. 107: 27. 
 
 4. to move with a waving motion. 
 Job 28: 4. ^y: *iJi-^.^. ^^"5 they{the mi- 
 ners)descend,they move away from men, 
 Judg. 9: 9 uZl''::yn ':^i? ^^d!: to move 
 over the trees, i. e. to rule over them. 
 11: 13. 
 
 5. to wander. Am. 4 : 8. 8: 12. 
 Lam. 4: 14, 15. Jer. 14 : 10. Comp. 
 the kindred verbs n^: and ln3. 
 
 Niph. pass, of Hipfi. to be shaken. 
 
 spoken of a fruit-tree, Nah. 3:12. 
 to be shaken,^s in a sieve, to be sift- 
 ed, Am. 9: 9. 
 
 Hiph. 1. to shake; e.g. corn in 
 a sieve, Am. 9: 9. the head, in deris- 
 ion, (according to others, to nod with 
 the head,) Ps^ 22:8. 109: 25. Lam. 
 2: 15. 2 K. 19:21. In a somewhat 
 different construction. Job 16 : 4 
 "I'JkVn 'V2Z CZD"'';;^? ri^^rN / cmdd 
 shake my head at you, i. e. make a 
 mock of you by gestures; comp. 
 Jer. 18: 16. Also to shake the hand, 
 in derision, Zeph. 2: 15. 
 
 2. to move, disturb. 2 K. 23: 18. 
 
 3. to cause to rove or wa7ider, to 
 drive about, nXa^o). Num. 32 : 13. 
 Ps. 59: 12. 2 Sam. 15:20. 
 
 4. to cause to stand, though in a 
 feeble manner. Dan. 10:10 and be- 
 hold, an hand touched me "h^ ''3y"':rn 
 "l^ nicDT ''3"52 and helped me to 
 stand on my tottering knees and hands. 
 
 Deriv. tzi ^3/3^:73. 
 
 D'lD L to swijig, wave, move to and 
 fro, (as the hands, etc.) See Hiph. 
 Hence 
 
 2. to sprinkle, which is done by 
 zmving the hand. Prov. 7: 17. 
 
 Hiph. JT^Srt. 1 . to move to andfro^ 
 to wave, shake ; particularly (l.) to 
 sift, winnow. Is. 30: 28. (2.) towave^ 
 e. g. the hand, for a sign. Is. 13: 2. 
 More frequently construed with ty, 
 to shake the hand against any one, 
 Is. 11: 15. 19: 16. Zech. 2: 13. [2: 9.] 
 Also with b^, to lay the hand on any 
 thing, Job 31: 21. or with bN, 2 K. 5: 
 1 1 . (3.) to move, lift up, brandish, (a 
 stick, or an instrument.) Is. 10: 15 
 10^373 b^" -iitJ73n b'An'] &.\ shall 
 the saw boast itself against him who 
 draws it? r72"n72-n^. DS'iJ ^"^sriS 
 a^ if the staff shook them that lifted it 
 up ? To move or put in a sickle, 
 Deut. 23: 25. Construed with b'S, Ex. 
 20: 25. Josh. 8: 31. (4.) very fre- 
 quently in the language of the ritu- 
 al law, to move this way and that 
 way (perhaps also m/> and down) an 
 offering before Jehovah, a peculiar 
 rite, which was observed in particu- 
 lar offerings, especially in the thank- 
 
si: 
 
 420 
 
 T3 
 
 ofleiiiigfe, partiy before and partly 39: 13. Root rr^z q. v. For r.'^: 
 1^ the flat^hter of the victim. Lev. 1: 16, see be'low. 
 Comp. the use of the word pomcere, *>,-, . ^.. ,, 
 M applied to Roman sacrifices; and 1^ ;^ ^^ ^ck.J.q. p, . Hence, accord- 
 the elevcUum of the host in tiie Ro- ing to the present punctuation, 
 man Catholic service. Lev. 7: 30. 8: '' ''^PJ't^l ^^ *^ mckhd him, Ex/2: 9. 
 27,29. 9:21. 10:16. 14:12,24. 23: But if pointed inp-':rn it might be 
 11,12,20. Nmn.5:25. 6:20. In formed from p:\ 
 
 adias,) Ex.35 : 22. Num. 8: 1121. comp. the kindred form 'ir:: no. II. 
 Comp. Carpzor. Apparat ad Anti- The derivatives in Hebrew from 
 qtdt. Sacri Cod. p. 709 ff. Bauer's the same root are n*^:, "i:, n">i:33. 
 go^.sdienstl. Alterthumer,Th.I.p. qiJ Syr. ^j i. q. the more lori 
 
 2. to scatter in $mall particle*^ to '"'^" ''^i^ ^'' ^'- '^^^' '^'^* metaphor- 
 fprinkU. Ps. 68 : 10 <A<m tendttt a ically of tho roijI, Ps. G9: 21. 
 pUntifui rain, O God. HTS, fut. apcK. t'l and T'l. 
 
 Hoph. 5|2^n pass, of no. 1. (4.) 
 
 Ex. 29: 27. 
 Pil. 5)D': i. q. Hiph. no. 1. ^ 
 
 jfhake the band agafawt any thing. In. 
 10:32. 
 Derir. out of course D^i, nci5n. 
 5)13 m. verbal from 5) 1 3, Aet^A/, e/e- 
 <rtto. Ps. 48: 3 p^-1J3 ^''S"^?^ 
 mount Zif/n raiit$ itself beautifully, 
 pukher elatione {est) mons Zion. Arab. 
 
 cJ^ idem. Root F)n : and H^J in A- 
 
 ' rab. imminuit rei, eminuit ffupra rem. 
 
 See also nc:. P^utirely a distinct 
 
 word fr^mi P): Memphis. 
 I. VIS tojiee, to wander ahf/ut injli^ht. 
 
 I>am. 4: 15. In Arnlt. fu^it., effvf^it, 
 aufugit ; als^i motuH, agitaiusfuit, like 
 
 1. i. q. Arab. Vr-* to sprint, tf, If rip, 
 c. g. for joy. See Hiph. 
 
 2. io spfrnt, spatter, to he sjjrmKled; 
 spoken of liquidj. Lev. 6: 20. [27.] 2 
 K.9:.3:3. Ih.0.3:3. 
 
 Hiph. ntn, fut. apoc. T^i- 
 
 1 . <o c</M*c to leap, for joy or ad- 
 miration. So p#ThapH l. 52:15';5 
 
 ij^^j, t3-.2-^ t3^i;| -IT*' *o */<a// he 
 - / 
 
 cause many nations to wonder at him. 
 
 Sept. ol)rot HavfAunovtut i'ifvri nok- 
 
 ku in uvttfi. 
 
 2. trans, to sprinkle. Ex. 29 : 2 1 
 Uv. 4:6, 17. 6:9. 14:7. 
 
 PT3 m. dec. III. a. pottage. Gen. 2 
 29,34. Root it; i. q. T| no. II. 
 Arxording to others, the part. Nlpfi 
 for -I'll:. 
 
 the kindred verl> 112 and ?5i: . ^_,_ , ,- ^_^ . ,,, 
 
 ^ "^^TD m. verbal from ^tD, dec. III. .i 
 
 II' y^^ to flourish. (In Arab. LA^U \ separated from others, dut 
 
 mcd. Vav. to glitter, to shine, a sense 
 
 often Interchanged with that oiftmr- 
 
 ishing; comp. tne art. IT.) 
 
 Hiph. y::^ i^lem. Cant. 6:11. 7: 
 
 IS. (In the Targums yztf^ idem.) 
 Note. The rerbals 7:, nsj:, 1X3 
 
 are derived from the kindred (orm 
 
 YUl q. V. 
 nX'lD f the feather rf tlu wing, aftaih- 
 
 tr grown, penna. Kzek. 1 7: 3, 7. Job 
 
 guinhed, bcjncc; a prince, (iv.u. 49: 
 ^Perhaps a denom. from nt;.) 
 2. one comecrated, a .N'azarile, 
 
 f articular kind ofaHcrtic amon^ the 
 lebrewH bound lo God by certain 
 vow>i. Num. 6 : 1:^ ff Am. 2: 1 1, 12. 
 
 Lam. 1:7. More full C=^nb 17: 
 
 ,'i 
 
 (me consecrated to God, Jiid^. lii: o, 7 
 16: 17. As it was one uage offli 
 Nazarits not to cut their huii 
 hence 
 
i?T3 421 nm 
 
 metnphorically, the vtM fwt -)<f 3 fo KM not wed. 
 ed^ which was so left, by divine 
 
 jjntn 
 
 command^ in the Sabbatical yar and 
 the year of Jubilee. Lev. 26:5,11. 
 Coinp. in Lat. herba virgo^ in Tal- 
 mud, ncpuj nV'Jna the sycamore in 
 its unprimedstate^ vtrginitas sycomori, 
 ^3, Alt. bi^. 1. to rw, tojivm. Num. 
 'il:7. Ps. 147:18. Part. plur. CD'^^rTIS 
 the ^fiowing^ a poetical epithet for 
 n^atersy Ex. 15:8. Is. 44: 3. Used 
 metaphorically of speech, Deut 32: 
 2 my speech drops as ^ dew. Also 
 of fragrant odours. Cant. 4: 16. 
 
 2. to rtm, spoken of the place from 
 which any thing runs ; (comp. I^^n 
 no. 5.) Jer.9:17 B^^Jlb^"*. 'J2'^?D1 
 and our eyelashes run dornn with wa- 
 ter. Is. 45: 8. Job 36: 28. 
 
 3. to dissolve^ mek, Judg. 5:5 C3^*nn 
 hirt^ "^SCJa nbta the momtaims meU 
 or dissohe htfore Jehonoah. Sept. are 
 shaken or trwubUy as if it were point- 
 ed nVn, as it Is Is. 64: 1, 3. in a con- 
 nexion exactly similar. The Maso- 
 rotes appear hero to have been in- 
 consistent with themselves ; unless 
 wo admit that ^bt^ may stand gram- 
 malicaHy Tor ^Vtt. This is probably 
 
 Niph. 1. to separate om's sdf. 
 Joined with njJr; "^nn^Kl to fall <yf 
 from the worship (f Jehoroah^ zek. 
 14: 7. 
 
 2. to abstain or r^mtii from any 
 tiling, construed with 1&. Lev. 22: 2. 
 Used absolutely, Zech.7:S. (Syr, 
 Ethpe. idem,) 
 
 3. construed with ^, to consecrate 
 one'* *ej^ to any thing. Hos. 9: 20. It 
 here becomes synonymous with the 
 kindred ^'32 to row, and the Arab. 
 
 J^-^J to tow, to consecrate, 
 
 Hiph. "^^trt 1. to cause to arooid. 
 Lev.i5:3i bi^nto: ^aa-'^fij taij-jjn^ 
 tan2$^tgi and cqmse that the cAOdren 
 <if Israel separate themselves fiom their 
 uneleanness. The old versions: worn, 
 
 after the Arab. J*^ corg. IV. to 
 wetm, 
 
 2. to consecrate^ construed with b. 
 Num.6: 12. * 
 
 3. intrnns. i. q. Niph. no. 2. to ab- 
 stain^ construed with ^0. Num. 6: 3. 
 
 4. to consecrate or, devote one'^s selj\ 
 joined with Si^n^i to Jehovah, Num. 
 6: 2, 5, 6^ 
 
 Deriv. out of course *)^T;. 
 
 the 
 
 sec art. bkj, and Gesen. "^J?. - ^^^bal from nta, dec. VI. g. 
 
 Lohi-jfoh. p. 372. 
 
 Hiph. b-^tn to CttiiM tojlow. Is. 48: 
 21. The same form occurs also un- 
 der bbT no. I. 
 
 an m. with suff. "^ttj:, plur. D^)qT3, 
 const. 'Jgn, dec. VI. h. a nose or ear 
 ring. In the former sense express- 
 ly. Gen. 24:47. Is. 3: 21. Prov. 11: 
 
 '.?. ill iho I;it(>r, (hm. ;>r>:4. In oth- 
 r }M<s.i^>s uiictMiiin, .1 ndg". 8 : 24, 
 '2j. .lol. I'J: 11. Coiui.. .'aim's bibl. 
 Arch;i*>loui(>, Th. 1. ^n U).k aiul A.Th. 
 Ilartmamrs I Icbrn riu, Th.ii. p.l66. 
 Th. 111. p. L'o:. W 
 
 pt3 Chald. to.vM/:^ Part, ptj 
 
 Dan. 6: 3. 
 
 Aph. pT3t3 to injure^ endainage, 
 Ezra 4: 13, 15, 22. 
 ptD m. tnjwry, drnnage. Est. 7: 4. 
 
 1. a diadem^ literally insig^nc^ a 
 tnark qf sepamtion or distinction. 
 Particularly ot' tlu^ kimr, '^ Sam. 1: 
 10. 2 K. 11: 'i:. oiiho hijh-priest, 
 Ex. 29: 6. Comp. ^''t;. 
 
 2. o cotiMcrcUton. Lev. 21 : 12. 
 Particularly the consecration of r 
 Naswrite, (V)},) Num.6: 4,6,9 
 'l^\2 \i;fitn the head tf his conseera* 
 tioti, i. e. his consecrated head. 
 Verse 12. 
 
 3. by a metonymy, the consecra- 
 ted head of the Nazarite. Num. 6: 
 19. Then without this reference, 
 on unshaven head ^AmV, Jer. 7: 29. 
 (Comp. n**!} no. 3.) 
 
 ilHD In Kal pret. andimper. and in 
 
 Hiph. tut. and infin. to lead^ gttide, 
 Ex. 32:34. Num. 23: 7. Most ire> 
 quently of God who leads men, Ps. 
 5:9. 27: 11. 31: 4. Job 12: 23 
 
bn: 
 
 422 
 
 5:03 
 
 3nS^2 tD^ia^ nt^izj he enlarges the 
 nations and leads them {back again^) 
 namely, to their narrower bounds. 
 To remove^ as troops and chariots, 1 
 K. 10: 26. 
 S'^^IHD masc. plur. verbal from 
 tZDn^, dec. I. 
 
 1. consolation. Is. 57: 18. Zech. 1: 
 13. (Several MSS. and editions have 
 t3i72nD with Dagesh forte.) 
 
 2. compassion. Hos. 11: 8. 
 "J^mH^ m. denom. adj. from n'vpn^, 
 
 made ofhrass.^ brazen. Job 6: 12. 
 n i!3'^n3 strictly fern, of the preceding, 
 
 used abstractly ceneum^ hence i. q. 
 DcJnS ws, brass. Lev. 26: 19. Job 41: 
 19. Is. 45:2 rT:3:in3 ninbl brazen 
 
 T s : 
 
 gates. Job 40:18 rr^p^in: "^jTCN:. brazen 
 pipes. 28 : 2 tlUJ^n: prJi^ "jiN a7id 
 ore they melt into brass. 
 Tp^'tl^ f- Ps- 5: 1- name of a musical 
 
 instrument, perhaps a Jiute^ for 
 TitTp, from "t^n to bore through.^ 
 (comp. J^iP"^!,) whence b'^bn a pipe. 
 The root bn3 may have taken its 
 signification from bbn. 
 
 C^I^HD masc. plur. nostrils. Job 41: 
 12. Syr. in sing, the nose. Root"\n2. 
 
 t?n3 1- to inherit., to acquire an inheri- 
 tance. Judg.ll:2. comp. Num. 18:20. 
 2. to acquire a possession.^ to pos- 
 sess ; e. g. reputation, goods. Prov. 
 
 ble accus. of the person and thing, 
 Josh 14: 1. Num. 34: 29. With ^ of 
 the person, Josh. 19: 51. 
 
 Hiph. bTlwH 1. to cause to inherit; :] 
 and that (l.) to leave behind as an in- 
 heritance., construed with a dative, 1 
 Chr. 28: 8. (2.) to divide out as an 
 inheritance^ construed with two ac- 
 cus. Deut 21: 16. 
 
 2. to give into possession. Is. 49: 8. 
 Very commonly with two accus. of 
 the person and thing, Prov. 8: 21. 
 13:22. Zech. 8: 12. Particularly to <] 
 divide out the land of Canaan, Deut. 
 1:38. 3:28. 12:10. 19:3. 31:7. Jer. 
 3:18. 12: 14. Also without an ac- 
 cus. of the thing, Deut.3:8 bTiana 
 tZl-'.i-; ]i^^i;;. when the Most High as--, 
 signed to the nations {their dwellings.) 
 
 Hoph. to acquire for a possession. 
 Job 7:3 ^jvwj-^nn^ ^\ '^r)bn;n ]d so 
 shall I acquire to myself months of van- 
 ity. ^ 
 
 Hithpa. 1. i.q. Kal no. 2. to acquire 
 for a possession.) to possess, construed ] 
 with an accus. Num. 32:18. Is. 14: 2. 
 
 2. trans, i. q. Kal no. 3. Piel, and 
 Hiph. Lev. 25: 46 tDHN tinbrfrnni 
 ^5"'^^'.^ Qp.'^::ab and ye shall leave 
 them for an inheritance to your chil- 
 dren after you. So all the ancient 
 versions. This signification may also 
 be applied to Num. 33: 54. 34: 13. 
 Ezek. 47: 13. although such a tran- 
 sitive signification is not often found 
 in Hithpael. 
 * 3:35. if: 29: 28 _: 10.^ Frequently Uj-j^ ^^ ^^^^^y ^^^j^ ^ ^^^^j, j ^^ 
 used of the acquisition and posses- 
 
 sion of the land of Canaan by the 
 Israelites, Ex. 23:30. 32: 13. Num. 
 18: 20. In other places it is said of 
 Jehovah, he takes Israel for a posses- 
 sion., i. e. he takes it to himself as his 
 own property, Ex. 34: 9. Zech. 2: 12. 
 
 3. as in Piel, to divide for a pos- 
 session., construed with b. Num. 34: 
 17 Vnw\--nN tDb" ^bn:'^ ^"bii who 
 shall divide to you the land. Verse 
 18. Josh. 19 : 49. Perhaps also Ex. 
 34: 9 'l-ribn^ put us iti possession^ 
 
 Pi. bn3 to divide for a possession. 
 Josh. 13: 32. Construed with a dou- 
 
 rab. o\y Gen. 26 : 19. bbm bns 
 
 the valley of Eshcol, Num. 13 : 23. 
 
 2= a brook., stream. Gen. 32 : 24. 
 Ps. 74 : 15. Is. 30 : 33 n'^^p,\ bn: 
 nl^Z a stream of burning sulphur. 
 Particularly a torrent., raised high 
 by showers, but dried up in summer. 
 Job 6 : 15 my brethren are faithless., 
 like a brook., which, drying up sud- 
 denly, disappoints the hopes of the 
 traveller who visits it. (Comp. 
 npN.) uD'^^ir^ bn: the brook of 
 Egypt^ a frequent description of the 
 
Dn3 
 
 423 
 
 12m 
 
 southern boundary of Palestine, 
 Num. 34:5. Josh. 15: 4, 47. 1 K. 8: 
 65. 2 K. 24 : 7. Is. 27: 12. Among 
 the ancient translators, Saadias, A- 
 busaid and Sept. (Is. 27 : 12.) give 
 the only suitable explanation, name- 
 ly, El-Arish^ otherwise 'Fh^oym- 
 ()oi!(ja^ the boundary between Syria 
 andEgypt,in a sandy soil,vvhere there 
 is a summer brook. This is to be dis- 
 tinguished from uD^i:iQ nr:3 the 
 river of Egypt, i. e. the Nile, Gen. 
 15: 18. Comp. Faber zu (Harmer's) 
 Beobachtungen liber den Orient, Th. 
 2. p. 209. 
 
 3. probably the perpendicular de- 
 scent or shaft of a mine. Job 28: 4 
 '-~d 71^ if^^y ^C'V open a shaft. 
 n^HD {J^^lel)i.q. bn: a brook. Ps. 
 
 124: 14, where it is construed as 
 a masc. of course the TT- is para- 
 ^gogic. 
 nVn3 f. verbal from }:r:, dec. XII. e. 
 
 1. an inheritance. Prov. 19: 14 
 niilM ribnu an inheritance from the 
 fathers. 
 
 2. a propeyiy.) possession. Num. 18: 
 21. Deut. 4:21. Josh. 13: 23 nrni 
 jl^i^") ''p.a the possession of the sd^ns 
 o/ilew6en. Num.26:62. nin^ d\P^ 
 the possession of Jehovah.^ i. e. the Is- 
 raelites whom Jehovah had taken 
 to himself, Deut. 4: 20. 9: 26,29. Ps. 
 28: 9. This phrase is taken in a 
 different sense, Ps. 127 : 3 nbn: 
 n'lT^^_ a possession of Jehovah, i. e. a 
 giftfromhim.-nrt^rnST p\n ^bui;. / 
 have a portion and possession in any 
 thing, see p?n. no. 2. 
 
 3. the lot or destiny of any one,i. q. 
 pirn no. 4. Job 20:29. 27: 13.31:2. 
 
 7J^''T'nD {valley of God) proper name 
 
 of a station of the Israelites in the 
 desert. Once Num. 21: 19. 
 
 nbn3 f- i- q- ~bn: with the uncom- 
 mon feminine termination n_. Ps. 
 16: 6. 
 
 52 fl- in Kal not used. 
 
 Niph. 1. to suffer pain, to be 
 gri^ed^ about any person or thing ; 
 
 hence ( 1 .) to have pity, compassion^ 
 sympathy. Jer. 15: 6 Cnsn '^n''fijl:D 
 / am weary of compassion. It is con- 
 strued with br, Ps. 90: 13. withbi*, 
 Judg.21:6. with b, verse 15. with "ja, 
 Judg. 2: 18. (2.) to feel regret, to re- 
 pent. (Comp.Germ. reuen with Eng.^o 
 rue.) Ex. 13: 17. Gen.6:6,7. Construed 
 most frequently with b^', Ex. 32: 12, 
 14. Jer. 8: 6. 18: 8, 10. with ;N, 2 
 Sam. 24:16. Jer. 26: 3. 
 
 2. pass, or reflex, of Pi. to console 
 or comfort one'^s self. Gen. 38 : 12. 
 Construed with bi' about any thing, 
 2 Sam. 13: 39. and with "nJl^^ /or the 
 loss of any one. Gen. 24: 67. 
 
 3. to take revenge, to avenge one^s 
 self, from the consolation and satis- 
 faction which the vindictive orien- 
 talist feels therein, construed with 
 p. Is. 1:24. (Comp. Ezek. 5:13. 31: 
 16. 32:31.) See Hithpa. 
 
 Pi. Dn2 to show sympathy, to com^ 
 fort, console. Construed with an ac- 
 cus. of the person. Gen. 50: 21. Job 
 2: 11. The thing about which conso- 
 lation is given, is preceded by ]73, 
 Gen. 5: 29. by b?. Is. 22: 4. 1 Chr. 
 19: 2. Sometimes it conveys the 
 idea of mercy or relief, as when 
 spoken of God, Is. 12: 1. 49: 13. 51: 
 3, 12. 52:9. 
 
 Pu. pass. Is. 54: 11. 
 
 Hithpa. tZDHinn, once uDrnTi (E- 
 zek. 5: 13.) i. q. Niph. but of more 
 rare occurrence. 
 
 1. to be grieved] and so (l.) to 
 have compassion, construed With b>. 
 Deut. 32:, 36. Ps. 135: 14. (2.) to r'e- 
 peni. Num. 23: 19. 
 
 2. to console one'^s self Gen. 27: 
 25. Ps. 119: 52. 
 
 3. to take revenge. Gen. 27 : 42 
 ^:i-\nb lb an:n7j Ti-ini^ liiri* r:n 
 
 behold Esau, thy brother, will take re- 
 venge on thee, by killing thee. 
 
 Deriv. out of course D^^^ini, 
 
 en 3 m. verbal fromtZinj, repentance^ 
 Hos. 13:14. 
 
 n /3np f. (with Kamets impure) verbal 
 from tI3n3, dec. X. con fort, consola- 
 tion. Job 6: 10. Ps. 119: 50. 
 
tDm 
 
 424 
 
 T\m 
 
 "ion? i- q- ^5n2Jl we. Only Gen. 42 : 
 
 11. Ex. 16 : 7, 8. Num. 32 : 32. 2 
 
 Sam. 17: 12. Lam. 3: 42. (Arab. 
 y c ^ 
 
 VnO i. q- ynb to press ^ urge^ urgere. 
 
 (Comp. under the letter ?.) Part, 
 pass, liter, pressed^ for pressings ur- 
 gent, 1 Sam. 21: 9. 
 -)n3 m. dec. VI. c. Job 39 : 20. and 
 
 fT^,n3 f. dec. X. Jer. 8: 16. the 
 
 T "J 
 
 snorting of a horse. Root in Syr. and 
 Arab, to snort, snore. Deriv. D"''^'^n3 . 
 43 n 3 found only in Pi. '^lin:. 
 
 1. strictly a denominative from 
 U5n2, to augur from the appearance of 
 serpents, a mode of divination, com- 
 mon among the ancients, to which 
 they gave the name of ocfjWfAavvfta. 
 See Bocharti Hieroz. T. I. p. 21. 
 Lev. 19: 26. Deut. 18: 10. 2 K. 17 : 
 17. 21:6. 
 
 2. to perceive, discover, find out, 
 generally, like oloivi'^oiiaL and augu- 
 ror, without farther respect to the 
 etymology. Gen. 30 : 27 Ti'i^n: 
 
 ^b^^la t^'rnl ':5'in"l I perceive, that 
 Jehovah has blessed me on your ac- 
 count. 44: 15 knew ye not xni "'^ 
 "^2172^ Td^l_ ':;''N Uin.i^ that a man 
 like me would certainly find \it) out. 
 Verse 5 is "J:n:^ "dn: Nnn and he 
 could certainly find it out. Others : 
 {the cup) by which he augurs, with ref- 
 erence to a divination by cups, m- 
 Xr/.Of^iavTfia. Comp. Burder's Orien- 
 tal Customs, p. 41. edit. Philad. 
 
 3. 1 K. 20: 33 TiJr:.:": D^UJ:Niil 
 Vulg. et acceperunt viri pro omine, i.e. 
 they took the words of Ahab (in verse 
 32) as a good omen. Others less 
 plausibly after no. 2. and when the 
 men perceived {what his meaning was,) 
 they hastened, etc. 
 
 "25113 m* verbal from 123 HD, dec. VI. c. 
 
 Ir divination, magic. Num. 23: 23. 
 
 2. omen, augurium, quod aliquis 
 
 coptat. Num. 24: 1. comp. 23: 3, 15. 
 
 12 HD ri\; prim. dec. IV. a. 
 
 1 . a serpent. Gen. 3 : 1 ff. Ex. 4 : 
 3. 7:15. 
 
 2. the serpent or dragon, a constel- 
 lation between the greater and les- 
 ser bear. Job 26: 13. 
 
 3. proper name of a city other- 
 wise unknown. 1 Chr. 4 : 12. 
 
 tlinD m. Chald. brass. Dan. 2: 32, 45. 
 
 4: 20. Syr. Ia-mJ. See the follow- 
 ing article. 
 ntl^n^ com. gen. (masc. Ezek. 1:7. 
 
 ban.' 10: 6. fern. 1 Chr. 18: 8.) with 
 suff. '^n'dnD, dec. XIV. e. and f 
 
 1. brass 'Gqu. 4 : 22. Ex. 26 : 11, '. 
 37. * 
 
 2. money, cbs. Ezek. 16 : 36 ]?2 
 ^nUJn: ^D^n Vulg. quia effumm est '\ 
 (es tuum. 
 
 3. a brazen fetter. Lam. 3: 7. Par- 
 ticularly in the dual D";n'iJn2 Judg. 
 16: 21. 2 Sam. 3:34, fetters for both 
 hands or feet. 
 
 "jn 423113 HI. a denom. from n'iiVl2 and 
 
 the adj. termination ]-_, brazen, ceneus^ ' 
 spoken particularly of the brazen 
 serpent, to which the Israelites burnt 
 incense till the time of Hezekiah. 2 
 K. 18: 4. 
 nn3, fut. nn:*] and rin]*., to descend, to 
 
 come down, in Aram, the prevalent 
 word for the Heb. ^n^. Jer. 21 : 13 
 ^2'^'^y nnil '^^ who shall come down to 
 us ? (here in a hostile sense.) Ps. 38: 
 3 'X}1 "'^i '^n?^- ^^^ ^^y {punitive) 
 hand has come down upon me ; (comp. 
 the deriv. nn: Is. 30 : 30.) Plur. 
 rinn)] Job 21 : 13. they descend, for 
 ^nn*;, with Dagesh euphonic, comp. 
 a"^nn3 2 K. 6 : 9. and U'^'^z'D^ for 
 D"'n2:r:, :i^n-; Job 29 : 21. for V^n^ . 
 Metaphorically Prov. 17: 10 nnn 
 'l'^:3?2:i iTny.n a reproof descends into a 
 wise man, i. e. it makes an impres- 
 sion upon him; (comp. 18:8. 26:22.) 
 ntin has the tone on the penult, ac- 
 cording to grammarians on account 
 of the moveable Sheva following, 
 and need not on that account to be 
 formed from TiDn, which would not 
 suit the passaged ' 
 
nt:: 
 
 425 
 
 nt:3 
 
 Niph. nns i. q. Kal. Ps. 38 : 3 ''S 
 ''i 'inn: '^"lin for ihine arrows haze 
 come down upon me, i. e. have hit me. 
 
 Pi. nn: to press down^ to stretchy 
 (a bow,) Ps. 18 : 35. to press dou-n^ 
 to level, (the furrows, by copious 
 rains,) Ps. 63: 11. 
 
 Hiph. to bring down. Imper. nn:n 
 Joel 4: 11. [3: 11.] 
 rrij Chald. to descend. Part. ntlD 
 
 Dan. 4: 10, 20. 
 
 Aph. fut. nn;;, imper. nriN, part. 
 
 1. to bring or carry down. Ezra 
 5: 15. 
 
 2. to deposit, to lay up. Ezra 6: 
 1,5. 
 
 Hoph. nn^ir? to be deposed or 
 
 thrown down. Dan. 5: 20. 
 
 I. nri3 m. verbal from nns. 
 
 1 . a descent, a coming down. Is. 30: 
 30 ii'i^T nrj: i/ie descent, i. e. the 
 blow, of his arm ; comp. Ps. 38 : 3. 
 
 2. a setting down, what is set down; 
 comp. nn: in Aph. Job 36 : 16 nn: 
 S^:ni:"*; that which is set on thy table. 
 
 II. mD f verbal from n^li, rest, qui- 
 etness. Is. 30: 15. Ecc. 4 : 6 iqD NV^ 
 nn: a hand full {with) quietness. 6: 5. 
 
 nriD verbal adjective from nn:, de- 
 scending. Found only in the plural 
 with Dagesh euphonic tZJ'^nn: 2 K. 
 6:9. 
 
 HuJ] , fut. Mt?.";, apoc. t:.";, t:*2, '^il 
 
 1. to stretch mit, e. g. the hand. 
 Spoken of Jehovah, to stretch out the 
 hand over any thing, as a sign of its 
 destruction. Jer. 51: 25. Ezek. 6: 14. 
 
 14: 9, 13. Is. 5 : 25 T:^rQ2 i^^ ^vj 
 his hand is still stretched out. J^U: 
 "^^ 1j^ to stretch out or apply the me'a- 
 suring line to any thing. Job 38 : 5. 
 Is. 44 : 13. Lam. 2 : 8. Ps. 102 : 12 
 "'^i:: biw a shadow stretched out and 
 gradually disappearing; comp. 109:23. 
 
 2. to spread out, e. g. a tent. Gen. 
 12: 8. 26: 25. Is. 40: 22 pi? JnDisn 
 3'!^'*^ who spreadeth out the heavens 
 as a garment. b^ tis-'n no: tendere 
 
 '' "54 
 
 insldias alicui, a metaphor taken from 
 the spreading of nets, Ps. 21 : 12. 
 I Chron. 21;10 X''^:j nt:: ':5< u;')^'^ 
 three things I spread before or offer 
 thee. In the parallel passage 2 Sam. 
 24: 12, we find bqi:. Intrans. to 
 spread itself out. Job 15: 29. 
 
 3. to incline. Gen. 49: 15. Ps. 119: 
 112. 62:4 !)D: 'T'p a wall inclined 
 or about to fall. Intrans. to incline 
 itself; spoken of the day, Judg. 19: 
 8. of the shadow on the sun-dial, 2 
 K. 20:10. Ps. 73:2 ^-"Dj t:2:?:5) 
 V;:!3'} his feet had almost slipped. 
 
 4. to turn, lead. Is. &Q : 12. Gen. 
 39:21. More frequently intrans. 
 to turn oneh- self, Num. 20:17. 22:23. 
 26: 33. construed with bfi^. to any one, 
 Gen. 38:16. with ]73 and' tZi'JJ2 from 
 any person or thing, Job 31: 7. 1 
 K. 11:9. with "nrtwN to turn to the 
 side or party of any one, Ex. 23 : 2. 
 Judg. 9: 3. 1 K. 2: 28. also to be de- 
 voted to any thing, 1 Sam. 8: 3, 
 
 6. to go away, depart. 1 Sam^ 14 : 
 1 '^]: ^11^2 go away. 
 
 Niph. pass, of no. 1 . to be stretched 
 out, spoken of the measuring line, 
 Zech. 1: 16. to stretch itself out, to ex- 
 tend, as a valley, Num. 24: 6. as a 
 shadow, Jer. 6: 4. 
 
 Hiph. nt2n , fut. Jia;; , apoc. u:, 
 
 'O^, t:^;;, imper. apoc. DH. 
 
 ^1. to stretch out, i.q. Kal no. l.but 
 of more rare occurrence. E. g. the 
 hand. Is. 31:3. Jer. 6: 12. 15:6. 
 Intrans. to stretch itself out. Am. 2: 8. 
 
 2. to spread out, i. q. Kal no. 2. Is, 
 54: 2. 2 Sam. 21:10, (withb..) Spok- 
 en of a tent, 2Sam. 16:22. * 
 
 3. to incline, bend down. Gen. 24: 
 14. Particularly (l.) the ear, Jer. 7: 
 24, 26. 11: 8. Construed with b., Ps. 
 17: 6. (2.) the heart, 2 Sam. 19: 15. 
 Construed with bN* of the person, 1 
 K. 8: 58. Prov.2:2"ri:^nnb ^sb rfr?n 
 incline thine heart to understanding. 
 IK. 11:2 they will incline your heart 
 after their gods. Hence in a bad 
 sense, to seduce, Prov. 7: 21. Is. 44: 
 20. (3.) 's b^" '^P.r^ ntsn to show fa- 
 vour to any one, Ezra 7: 28. 9 : 9. 
 comp. in Kal Gen. 39:21. 
 
br^: 
 
 426 
 
 5)1:3 
 
 4. trans, of Kal no. 4. {l.)tp turn ^-^^ Chald. to lift up. Dan, 4: 31. [4: 
 ^may. Jer. 5: 25. Num.22:23. {2.) to :,*-,, ^ 
 
 lead astray. Job 24: 4. comp. Am.2:7. , ^4.] Pret. pass. Dan. 7: 4. 
 (3.) to lead aside. 2 Sam. 3: 27. (4.) 7p.?. m- verbal from Vt:3, /icarwc55, 
 ^0 put away. Ps. 27: 9. Intrans. to de- ii^eit^ht Prov 27- 3 
 
 Job 23 : 11. Is. 30: U. Ps. y.^^^^^; ^^.,;.g;^ ^,^^ ^_^^ ^^^.^ 
 
 pari^ 
 125:5. 
 
 5. to fteyif/, pervert ; particularly 
 in the phrase ^^t,^ nian, 1 Sam.8: 
 3. and with a genitive following, 
 Ex. 23: 6. Deut. 27: 1 9. Lam. 3: 35. 
 to wrest or pervert the right of any 
 one in judgment. Without addi- 
 tion, Ex. 23: 2 D'^ZT ''ini^ niUwb 
 n'luJlb to follow the multitude to 
 zcrest {judgment.) Also with an ac- 
 cusative of the person, to turn any 
 one aside (in judgment,) Prov. 18: 5. 
 Is. 10: 2. 29:21. Am. 5: 12. 
 
 Hoph. part. r:^l2 Is. 8: 8. Ezek. 
 9: 9. used as a subst. see the art. 
 
 Deriv. n-i^^, rrt^.^. 
 
 D'^IJ^'^uD masc. plur. verbal from 5?t33, 
 
 plants. Ps. 144: 12. 
 
 niS'^DD fern. plur. (verbal from Vl^qi 
 
 to drop.,) ear-pendants., particularly 
 of pearls, so called from their form ; 
 liter, drops. Judg. 8:26. Is. 3:19. (A- 
 
 1 . to plant., also to set with plants. 
 Ezek. 36:36. Construed with two 
 accus. Is. 5: 2. 
 
 2. metaphorically to plant., settle, 
 establish., (a people.) Am. 9: 15. Jer. 
 24: 6 / will plant them and not pluck 
 them up. 32:41.42:10. 45:4. Ps. 
 44: 3. 80: 9. Ex. 15: 17. 2 Sam. 7:10. 
 Comp. the oppos. "dUD , likewise 
 ^t:73, and in; Ezra 9: 8." 
 
 3. to drive in (a nail.) Ecc. 12:11. 
 Also to set up (an image,) Deut. 16: 
 21. 
 
 4. to pitch or erect a tent, tentori- 
 um figere., from the driving in of the 
 tent pins. Dan. 1 1 : 45. Hence appli- 
 ed to the tent of heaven, Is. 51: 16. 
 
 Deriv. d^>'"'t3?, i^'Ci^. 
 >'DD m. with suff.*^3;t2:, plur. D'^sjt::, 
 
 const. ""i'D:, verbal from yt23, dec. 
 VI. i. "'" ' 
 
 1. a plant. Job 14: 9. 
 
 2. a planting. Is. 17: 11. 
 
 3. a place planted., a plantation. Is. 
 
 i^Jfl^C-^ n 1' 17:10. iChr. 4:23. 
 
 rab. <sy,j:j~J idem. Comp. (^ralay- , , /> j t^t 
 
 ^nov a pendant, from GruXu^io to ^^^^ ^- ^^^^^^1 ^^^"^ ^"^^ <^^^- ^^- ^ 
 
 t/rojo.) 
 iT Vu)'^u22 fenj.. plur. branches. Is. 18: 5. 
 
 a /j/awt Found only in the const, 
 state yt::, Is. 5: 7. 
 
 Jer. 5: 10. 48 : 32. Root '&qi in "fJ:, fut 7p:,to drop, tofallindropt 
 
 (Also in Aram, and Arab. In Ethioj 
 it::.) Job 29: 22. Usually spokei 
 of the object whence any thing] 
 drops, (comp. '^btl no. 5.) Joel 4: 19i 
 [3: 18] D'^Dy ^''in^. ^-^.? ^^^ mown- 
 tains drop down new wine. Cant. 5: 5, 
 13. Judg. 5:4. Also in the sam^ 
 way metaphorically of the lij 
 Cant. 4:11 ^"^ninDip Jrr^DDn npl 
 thy lips drop down or distil honej 
 Prov. 5: 3. 
 
 H'iph. 1. to lei or cause to dro} 
 Am. 9: 13. 
 
 2. metaphorically to let flow out, as 
 words, to speak, prophesy. Mic. 2 : 6, 
 
 Niph. to spread out. 
 *Pu}3, futbil^V 1. to ta^e up. Is. 4a 
 15 biti/^ pi? t/ie ciu^t Ky/iic/i {one?^ 
 or (t^e wind) takes up. 
 
 2. to /rty w^ow or before any one. 
 2 Sam. 24: 11 i^-i^^' btp.i: "^Di.N Uii^d 
 ^/iree t/ww"-* / q^er thee, (in the par- 
 allel passage 1 Chr. 21 : 10, np.i3.) 
 In Jer. 21 : 8, the same sense is 
 expressed by ^ztib )X}1. Lam. 3: 28 
 V}:y ]:t3: "^ because {God) has laid it 
 upon him. Part. pass, laden, Zeph. 1: 
 11. 
 
 Pi. to bear. Is. 63: 9.. 
 
t:)::3 
 
 427 
 
 T^ 
 
 U. Ezek.21:2,7. Am. 7: 16s Comp. 
 
 Deriv. out of course niC^S. 
 SD3 m. verbal from P]t::, dec, IV. a. 
 
 *^1, a drop. Job 36: 27. 
 
 2. a fragrant gum which distils 
 from some plant. Ex, 30 : 34. Sept. 
 GTocKT?]. According to the Jewish 
 commentators, opohalsamum ; ac- 
 cording to others, storax, 
 H- D3 proper name of a city not far 
 
 from Bethlehem in Judea. Ezra 2: 
 22. Neh. 7: 26. The gentile noun is 
 "^riDit:: 2 Sam. 23: 28, 29, 2 K. 25: 
 23. 
 *)t33 fut. ^b*;, once ^."iCD"; (Jer. 3: 
 5.) kindred with n!:3. 
 
 1. to watch^ guard. Cant. 1:6. 8: 
 11, 12. (In Aram, and Arab, idem.) 
 
 2. to keep., retain^ namely ^J< an- 
 ger, which must always be supplied. 
 Ps. 103: 9 ^la-i D^nj?b fi<b he will 
 not retain {anger) forever. Jer. 3 : 
 5,12. Construed with b of the person, 
 Nah. 1 : 2. with nfi<', Lev. 19: 18. 
 Comp, n?3'^ Jer. 3: 5. Job 10: 14. 
 
 Deriv. Ji"}t2^, 
 *lpD Chald. to lay up., with N2b2 in 
 
 the heart. Dan. 7: 28. comp. Luke 2: 
 19. 
 DISD, fut. 'vDita"], to leave., forsake, {kia- 
 
 dred as to sense with n'^itl, St^, and 
 tDTy::.) Particularly 
 
 1. to forsake., reject, i. q. iaT^ ; e. g. 
 spoken of Jehovah, in reference to 
 his people, Judg. 6:13. 1 Sam. 12: 
 22. 1 K. 8:57. 2 K. 21:14. Is. 1: 6. 
 of the people, in reference to Jeho- 
 vah, Deut. 32: 16. 
 
 2. to leave under the care or protec- 
 tion of any one, construed with "^y. 
 1 Sam. 17: 20, 22, 28, 
 
 3. to let go, to give up as lost. 1 
 Sam. 10: 2. 
 
 4. to let lie without using, e. g. the 
 land in the Sabbatical year. Ex. 23: 
 11. 
 
 5. to let go, to remit, (a debt.) 
 Neh. 10:32. 
 
 6. to leave off, e. g. contentioti. 
 Prov. 17:14. 
 
 7. to suffer, allow, permit ; con- 
 strued with an accus. of the person 
 and :: of the action. Gen. 31: 28. 
 
 8. to throw down, cast away. Ezek. 
 29: 5 n*^2n7an ':^\-^'i;a:^ and I will 
 cast thee into the desert. 32: 4, 
 
 9. to spread out, to scatter, comp, 
 t272',p:. 1 Sam. 30: 16 Q'^tJui: scatter- 
 ed. Intrans. to extend itself 1 Sam. 4: 
 2 n^rb73n '2312 n]. and the battle ex- 
 tended itself Comp, Niph. no. 3. 
 
 10. to draw out (a sword ;) liter. <o 
 set it free. Is. 21: 15, Comp. Syr, 
 l:^*^ to draw out the sword. 
 
 Niph. 1. to be loosed, relaxari, 
 spoken of cords. Is. 33: 23. 
 
 2. to be thrown down. Am. 5: 2. 
 Comp. Kal no. 8. 
 
 3. to spread itself out ; spoken of a 
 vine, Is. 16: 8. of a host, Judg. 15: 9. 
 2 Sam, 5: 18, 22. Comp, Kal no. 9. 
 
 Pu. to be forsaken. Is. 32: 14. 
 ^3 a contraction of "^771 a lamentation. 
 Ezek. 27: 32 Dn'^IS in lamento eorum. 
 So the Masora. But eleven MSS. sev- 
 eral ancient editions, the Sept. Arab, 
 Theod. and Syr. read t3n'':a- 
 
 2^3 ni. verbal from 2^5, dec I. 
 
 1. fruit, proventus. Mai. 1:12. 
 
 2, D'nD'i; n't: Is. 57: 19. proven- 
 tus labiorum, the fruit of the lips, i.e. 
 prob. offerings presented by the lips, 
 praises, thanksgivings ; comp. x^- 
 nog yeiXtojv, Heb. 13: 15. Hence / 
 create the fruit of the lips, i. e. give 
 occasion for thanksgivings. In the 
 Kethib 213, comp. Chald. 2T3 fruc- 
 tus. 
 
 'l^D m. verbal from 'inS, found only 
 Job 16:5 'nsip T^w the motion of 
 my lips, i. e. my words, or the con- 
 solation of my lips. In tZJ^rct; lies 
 in either case the idea of idle talk, 
 
 fn^j f Lam. 1: 8. prob. i. q. ITT^: an 
 
 abomination, verse 17. See several 
 analogies under the art. Q'^p.T. Oth- 
 ers : a fugitive, as if from "1^". 
 
s-^^ 428 n:D3 
 
 T\'n -, in the Kethib D^^l^^, {dwellings^) (Root ysa to sparkle, shine., whence 
 proper name of a place in or near V"'^'= i" Talmud, a spark, i. q. 'f?, 
 Ramah, wliere David resided when and Nil: in Chald.) 
 
 oo ^o^^"^ on'^^r^""^' ^ f^""' ^J^^^^^l^' -1^3 i. q. n: m. verbal from -^r-, dec.I. 
 22,23. 20: 1. Tarsr. t/o/m<s <^octmi/x', "j- ,. i r^o ^^ ^^ 
 
 intending ^Ae^.^^^. of the prophet^ , ^^^'^- ^^"^- ^^^^^ ^2: 29. 
 
 ical school at Ramah. i. "1*^3 m. verbal from "^J):, dec. I. i.q. 
 
 nrr^D ^- sweetness, pleasantness, found ^}^ a light, lamp \ used metaphorical- 
 only in the phrase nh^3 n^^. a ^I (or posterity. 1 K. 11 : 36 yjl2\ 
 pleasant smell. Applied exclusively ^""^^^vj""'-? ^Vt^ "^^Hr '^''-."*"i''^". 
 to offerings, Gen. 8: 21 ^lin"^ ^I'^l ^^ ^^^^ David my servant may have a 
 'nn^:rt n""^ n.y and Jehovah 'smelled %^*^ ^'^"y^ i- e. so that his posteri- i 
 a pleasant odour. Lev. 2:12. Very ^/ ^^'^ S?,"'^^"f 5 ^""^P- 1 5: 4. 2 K. 
 frequently after the precepts of the ^ ' *^- " ^^^- ^^- ^ 
 ritual law t-Jin*'^ r;n'':-n^n jo/ea*- AA. ")"*] m. land first broken up for til- 
 ant odour to Jehovah, Lev. 1:9 , 13, la ge, fallow ground, novale. Prov. 13: 
 17. Num. 15:7 If. Root n^: or n^:, 23. Jer. 4: 3. Hos. 10: 12. Root l-'S. 
 whence in Talmud, inrvi gratum,aC' l'^^ to dig up, to cultivate. Jer. 4 : 3. 
 ceptnin. " ' Hos. 10: 12. 
 nn*^3 Chald. a szveet odour, a pleas- i^^3 i. q. mD3 to smite. Hence accord- 
 ant smell, (without n"'n.) Plur. sweet ing to some the Niph. Job 30 : 8 
 odours, Dan. 2: 46. Ezra 6: 10, (The 71^"$^"]^ ^^^?- ^^^^^ ^^'^ driven out 
 significations in Hebrew and Chal- from the land. Perhaps better as 
 dale stand here in the inverted or- Niph. from inJJS (with Dagesh eu- 
 der; comp. the root tZDUJZ in He- phonic) increpantur e terra, i. e. in- 
 hrew to be fragrant, in Chald. to^,be crepando pelluntur e terra. 
 acceptable, where they stand in the ^^^^ verbal adj. from ND:, dec. V. e. 
 natural order. Comp. also the op- -- , , , '" . i^ 
 posite ,:;5^2 ") smitten, broken down, contrite, hem. 
 *Ni^ rTr . 1 T ^ Tiii^z n^"] a broken spirit, Prov. 15: 
 i^j m. veroal lrom^n:,dec.I. o#Apnrj2-, ^. - ,^ ,, r, ^ aa a 
 ' ' ' 13. 17:22. 18:14. Comp. Is. 66: 2 
 posterity, proles, soboles. Only in the p:,-^ j-^j- contrite in spirit. 
 phrase nrD:-) T^D, Gen. 21:23. Job 18: ^~ ^^ ' , i i r ^^, 
 19. Is. 14:22. ^^^P}. masc. plur. verbal from it!::, 
 
 m3^: jYineveh, the capital of the beaten down, in ruins, l^. \Q:1. 
 "'. (. . . ^, ,n ,1 io n^jD f. Gen. 37: 25. 43:11. *;?icery,: 
 
 kmgdom of Assyria. Gen. 10: 11, 12. * ""^'^ . ^ 
 
 Jon. 1: 2. 3:3. By the Greeks and Sept. dviuai^icx. Saad. siliqua.^ Aqu. 
 Romans called JVinus, in Ammian al- ^ ^f ^*^ x ^^\ 
 
 so Mncve. For its situation, see Bo- OTvgcc'S. (In Arab. s\.>> i. q. c<X.>^J 
 chart's Phaleg, lib. iv. cap. 20. Man- gummi, gutnmi tragacanihie.) 
 nert-sGeographie der Griechen and I. ^)23 m. dec. VI. offspring, proles. 
 
 ^ Romer, B. V. p. 440 ff. ^^ .^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^ ,,_ 
 
 D^D Jer. 48: 14 Keth. i. q. D=^ fleeing, ^,, ^j^^ derivation is uncertain. 
 
 liter. i^:x<s.fied. J[. ^^^^ Job 31: 3 in several MSS. and 
 
 -D;D m. A^i.a, the first month of the ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^1 ^^^ It cor- 
 
 Hebrew.^, (in the older writings ^ ^^ 
 
 n"':2Nr7 o'ln .) Neh. 2: 1. Est. 3:7. responds to the Arab. 06s^ vita 
 
 (In Aram, and Arab, idem.) misera. 
 
 "J'yl^^ m. a sjmrk. Once Is. 1 :31. niDD in Kal not used. 
 
 see 
 
n53 
 
 429 
 
 ns3 
 
 Hiph. JlS^T, imper. J12^J and -^n, 
 ftit. rr^^ -3.22 and ^:il. 
 
 1 . to smite. ^'D Tl'DT] to clap the 
 hands., in joy, 2 K. 11: 12. also in dis- 
 approbation, Ezek. 22:13, (comp. 
 5>pn.) 1 Sam.24:6in^ Tn-Sb 'T^'T 
 mifZ Davicfs heart smote him ; comp. 
 2 Sam. 24: 10. Spoken particularly 
 (l.) of Jehovah or his messengers, 
 to smite with a sickness or plague, 
 (comp. y^D, V\y:.) Gen. 19:11 and 
 the men tD'^-jlzon isn they {the an- 
 gels) smote with blindness. Num. 14: 
 12/ will smite them with pestilence. 1 
 Sam. 5: 6. Ex. 7: 25 after Jehovah 
 had smitten the river., i. e. changed it 
 into blood ; comp. verse 20. Zech. 
 10: 11. (2.) to smite (in battle.) Gen. 
 14: 15. Deut. 4: 46. (3.) to take (a 
 besieged city.) 1 Chr. 20: 1. 2 K. 3: 
 19. 
 
 2. to beat in pieces., to smite down^ 
 spoken e. g. of hail. Ex. 9: 25. Ps. 
 3: 8jor thou smitest all my enemies on 
 the jawbone., a metaphor taken from 
 wild beasts. Am. 3: 15. 
 
 S. to slay, kill. Gen. 4: 15. Ex. 2: 
 12. Sometimes the accus. 'i;D3 
 quoad vitam is added, Gen. 37: 21 fi<b 
 u;C3 n'2Z let us not kill him. Deut. 
 19:6, 11. Lev. 24 : 18. Construed 
 with 2, 2 Sam. 23: 10 D''n*2;i:Da '^l^ 
 he caused an overthrow among the 
 Philistines, liter, he slew (jnen) among 
 ilie Philistines. 2 Sam. 24: 17. Ezek. 
 9: 7. 2 Chr. 28 : 5, 17. See particu- 
 larly 1 Sam. 6: 19. In a different con- 
 struction 1 Sam. 18 :7 b^Np r:3Sl 
 VDbN2 Saul has slain his thousands. 
 "21:12. 29:5. -i^in "'Db ln:Dn to 
 s^mite with the edge of the srvord, 
 see ^"in. Also to kill or tear in 
 pieces, spoken of a beast of prey, 1 
 K. 20: 36. Jer. 5: 6. 
 
 4. to thrust, to thrust through, feri- 
 re. 1 Sam. 18: 11 'n^p.^l ^I'l:: rT2>\ 
 / will thrust through David and through 
 the wall. 19: 10. 26: 8. 2 Sam. 2: 23. 
 To push with horns, Dan. 8: 7. 
 
 5. to smite, ferire, with an arrow 
 or sling stone. 1 Sam. 17. 49. 1 K. 
 22: 34. 2 K. 9: 24. 
 
 6. to smite, in other connexions. 
 Spoken of the sun, Jon. 4:7, 8. Ps. 
 121: 6 the sun shall not smite thee by 
 day, nor the moon by night ; where it 
 is applied to the moon by a kind of 
 zeugma, although some travellers 
 speak of an injurious influence of 
 the moon light ; (comp. Hoph. Ps. 
 102:5.Hos. 9:16.) 
 
 7. joined with a^'iJ^'iJ, to take 
 root. Hos. 1 4: 6. 
 
 Hoph. nsn, once ^iS 1^1 (Ps. 102: 
 5.) pass, particularly of Hiph. nos. 1. 
 3. also of no. 6. 
 
 Niph. pass. 2 Sam. 11: 15. 
 Pu. pass. Ex. 9:31, 32. 
 1D3 verbal adj. from f.'D':, dec. IX* b. 
 
 smitten, wounded. uD'^b^^ ill?.^. ^^^^ 
 jured in the feet, lame, 2 Sam. 4: 4. 
 9: 3. n^^ MD: contrite or broken in 
 spirit. Is. 66: 2. Comp. N*t::. 
 Jl^D verbal from Si:d:, found only in 
 
 the plur. uD^p?. Ps. 35: 15. wound- 
 ing (with the tongue,) i. e. reviling, 
 slandering. Comp. Jer. 18: 18. 
 i^D and n^3 Necho, king of Egypt. 2 
 
 K. 23: 29, 33. 2 Chr. 35: 20. 36: 4. 
 Jer. 46: 2. Sept. Af/w. In Herod. 
 II. 158, 159. 4: 42. i\6xa>?, iVfxw. 
 "jiljD proper name of a threshing floor. 
 
 2 Sam. 6: 6. In the parallel passage 
 of Chronicles, pTS. 
 
 nijD adj. dec. III. a. right, upright^ 
 straight. Prov. 8 : 9. Is. 57 : 2 "^"-h 
 inbD he who walketh in his {Jeho- 
 vah'' s) uprightness, i. e. practises what 
 is righteous before God. (Comp. 
 33: 15.) Fern. Innb: right, righteous- 
 ness, Am. 3: 10. Is'59':24. Plur. DTHd: 
 idem, Is. 26: 10. 30:10. 
 
 HD] liter, a subst. what is straight and 
 forward. Hence H^-b adv. straight 
 foi-ward, Prov. 4: 25. " Further nDb 
 (as if in the accus.) a preposition (l.) 
 against, over against. Ex. 26: 35. 40: 
 24. TOZ b^?. directly against. Num. 
 19:4. riDb iy ad contra, Judg, 19: 
 10. 20 : 43." (2.) before. H'y: 
 ^3^"? before Jehovah, i.e. pleasing to 
 him. Judg. 18:6. t^Jn^ ":d TOi be- 
 
i:d3 
 
 430 
 
 -):d3 
 
 fore the face of Jehovah, Lam. 2: 19. 
 hence manifest to him, Jer. 17: 16. 
 comp. Prov. 5: 21. r 2D HSb tDI^ <o 
 />/ace any thing before one'' s face, i. e. 
 to regard it with favour, Ezek. 14: 
 7. and verse 3, with ]n3. n^bb. he- 
 fore, Gen- 30: 38. for. Gen. 25. 21. 
 
 n^^, with suff. inD3, dec. VI. i. over 
 against. Ex. 14: 2. Ezek. 46: 9. 
 
 ^^3 <o act deceitfully. Mah 1: 14. (So 
 
 in Syr. Chald. and Samar.) 
 
 Pi. to practise deceit against any 
 one, construed Avith b. Num. 25: 18. 
 Hithpa. idem ; construed with n^, 
 Gen. 37: 18. with 3, Ps. 105: 25. 
 Deriv. "^^""S . 
 7p3 m. plur. i=i''^^:, const. ''^S:, ver- 
 bal from ^52, dec. VI. g. cra/V, cun- 
 ning, deceit.^ Num. 25: 18. 
 &^J m. plur. S3''D:dd, dec. VI. riches, 
 
 treasures, an Aramean word adopt- 
 ed into the later Hebrew. 2 Chr. 1: 
 11, 12. Ecc. 5: 18. 6: 2. Josh. 22: 8. 
 5D53 Chald. plur. ^D^S, idem. Ezra 6: 
 8.* 7 : 26 ]''DD: - UJSr a mw/d, /ne, 
 confiscation of goods. Comp. after 
 two different transpositions D23 and 
 
 *n^3 in Kal not used. 
 
 Niph. ^52 1. to he known, pass, 
 of Hiph. Lam. 4:8. 
 
 2. pass, or reflex, of Pi. no. 3. to 
 let one'^s self he unknown, to dissemble, 
 like Hithpa. no. 2. Prov. 26: 24. 
 
 Pi. ^53 1. to regard. Job 34 : 19. 
 
 2. to understand, find out. Job21:29. 
 
 3. to mistake. (On the privative 
 signification, see the note.) Deut. 
 32 : 27. 
 
 4. to despise, reject. (Arab. conj. 
 I. and IV. contempsit, repudiavit, im- 
 prohavit.) Jer. 19:4 and they have 
 despised, this place, or, after the Sept. 
 and Vulg. they have estranged this 
 place {to me,) namely, by devoting 
 it to strange gods. 1 Sam. 23: 7 ^S2 
 "1^3 tZl\-lbiS:, iriN God has rejected 
 him (and given him) into my hand. 
 
 Hiph. ^^sn 1. to regard. Gen. 31: 
 32, Neh. 6:i2. tD'^iD n^sn to have 
 
 respect of persons, to he partial, 
 spoken of judges, i. q. tD'':D NUJ2 
 Deut. 1: 17. 10: 19. Prov. 24:23. 28^ 
 21. comp. Is. 3: 9. 
 
 2. to perceive, discern. Gen. 27: 23. 
 37: 33. 38: 25, 26. 
 
 3. to acknowledge. Deut 21-17 
 Is. 61: 9. 
 
 4. to know, Lat. noscere, only in 
 poetry. Job 24: 13, 17. 34: 25. h. 
 63: 16. 
 
 5. to know, Lat. scire, i. q. 5>n', 
 only in the later books. Neh. 13: 24 
 D-^^^^n-; -la-i^ C3''"3"'s:g tnrjj they 
 know not how to speak Jewish. 1''3^T 
 ^ i. q. 'J"'5 i"'!^ io discriminate between, 
 Ezra 3: 13. ' 
 
 6. to be concerned or to care for 
 any one. Ps. 142: 5. Ruth 2: 10, 19. ; 
 
 Hithpa. 1. to he known, distinguish- 
 ed, pass, of Hiph. no.2. Prov. 20:11. ^ 
 
 2. pass, of Pi. no. 3. to dissemble. 
 Gen. 42: 7. 1 K. 14: 5, 6. 
 
 Deriv. ^i^sn, ^373, i:d:, '^33 . 
 
 Note. The privative signification 
 not to know, (in Pi. no. 3. Niph. no. 
 2. Hithpa. no. 2. and in the de- 
 riv. "iS3, "'"i^^O ^^ ^" Arab.its only sig- 
 nification,where it often occurs. Thus 
 
 X.3 '^ot to know, to deny, to despise, 
 \J 
 
 reject ; intrans. to be unfortunate, (see 
 133, "13:;) conj. II. to disguise, also to 
 disguise one''s self, to dissemble. It is,* 
 however, by no means uncommon, 
 that the same root in different dia- 
 lects, or in the different conjugations 
 of the same dialect, should express 
 directly opposite ideas. Comp. nDK 
 in Heb. to be willing ; in Arab, to ^be 
 
 unwilling. *w^^ to love ; construed 
 with ^ not to love ; \.a^ to be ex- 
 tinguished, and to be kindled. NljiI 
 to sin, NDn to expiate sin. Ioa^V 
 
 fut. A and O, to be righteous, equitable, 
 to give just measure ; (comp. the Heb. 
 t3Tl3j^,) and fut. I, to be unjust, to take 
 advantage of, to deceive, which in 
 Ethiop. is the common and only 
 meaning. MJ'^.^ to root up; '^"ni^IJ 
 and 'vlJ^nUiJl to take root. Perhaps 
 ^*12 to bless and to curse. Comp. in 
 
n^3 431 303 . 
 
 German the inseparable prepositions reading is *jmbD5, but it appears 
 
 ent and ver, which in composition that all the versions read it with 3. 
 
 sometimes express a negation or an- ^-j'^^'Q] found only 1 Sam. 15: 9. mean, 
 
 tithesis, and sometimes not. Deno- "'/,'.*, , o 
 
 minatives in Hebrew, like those of little worth Sept. ^c^tofitvov 
 
 compounds in German, have often \"1?; ^*^- Evidently i. q nvi: ; but 
 
 the privative signification, as e. g. [^^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^ithout analogy. Per- 
 
 ...Mj.- ^.^ ^-,'.. rt^y haps It may have arisen irom two 
 
 ' '' ' "'' I - T- different readings JlTiS and rtTiT: . 
 
 n:]], const. ^5?. (Deut. 31:16.) verbal 1,533 i. q. Vl^ to circ^cise. ' Pret. 
 
 from IDS, dec. VI. i. t3^^^^3 Gen. 17: 11. To this root h 
 
 1. foreignness, a strange place. AU usually referred the Niph. ^1732 
 ways after a noun in regimen, -I? Gen. 17: 26, 27. Part. a-']:i723 34 ': 
 1^1 a stranger^ Gen. 17: 12, 27. Ex. 22. But these latter are properly 
 I2I43. Sometimes in the sense of Chaldaic forms from b^^, (for bi723^ 
 an enemy, Ps. 18:45, 46. -i::?. TlbN comp. y\2 for 'J"'b"^), as the Niph. 
 strange gods, Gen. 06: 2. ' " of ^7^3 would be ^733. 
 
 2. any thing strange or foreign, ^^^3. ^- Prov. 6: 6. Plur. tD''b^3 30: 
 particularly with reference to idol- ^ ^ ' .^. ^^ ^ 
 atry. Neh. 13: 30. 2 Chr. 14: 2. 25. an ant, pismire. Arab. ^^X^^j ^f^em. 
 
 "llDD m. Job 31 : 3. and Ij!) Obad. "l^j m. dec. V. a. a leopard. Is. 11: 6. 
 
 12. misfortune, destruction. (Arab. Jer. 5: 6. Hab. 1:8. Syr. and Arab. 
 
 5> -? ic?ew. Stw. ^J22 to be spotted. 
 
 j^J idem. See the note under the -^^^ Chahl. i(icm. Dan. 7: 6. 
 
 verb.) ~ * 
 
 ^-\p: , fem. 5i:-1^3, plur. tD-^^)^:, de- '^"^^,? ^^'^^^^^ *^ P^^P^^ "^"^6 of a 
 
 * ' J. re ^^ ^^^ ^^m ^',.,- son of Cush and founder of the kinfif- 
 nom. adj. (from ^^: =^^3 /om^n- ^^^ ^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^_ 
 
 nm, and the adjective termmation ^^^^ y^^ ^j^^ ^^^ ^. Kimrod, l e. 
 
 ''-.^ strange, a stranger. Ex. 2: 22. _. ' * ' ." ' ivyr. ^ r 
 
 Je^. 2: 21.-n^->D3 a .trance t.omn. Babylonia, Mic. 5 : 5. 
 in opposition to* one's own wife, an ^?. ^^^h suff. ^D3, verbal^from DD3 no. 
 
 adulteress, I q. !l^T, Prov. 5: 20. 6: H.dec.VIII.b. (Syr. I'mlj signum, me- 
 
 24. 7: 5. 23: 27. (in Samar. comp. ^^^ scopus.) 
 
 lnN"^n alienigena and meretnx, Cas- j^ ^ high pole. Num. 21 : 8,9. 
 
 telli Heptagl. p. 2310.) 2. i/te^a^ of a ship. Ezek. 27: 7., 
 
 rib] Is. 39: 2. 2K. 20: 13. nhb3 n-^a Is. 33: 33. 
 pA)b. /iw irco^ure-^oM^e, as it is' ren- 3. a flag, banner, raised on high 
 
 dered by the Syr. Chald. and Arab. mountains, sometimes to assemble 
 
 although no pWlological support can the people_ for war, and sometimes 
 
 be found for it. Aqu. Symm. Vulg. f^'J^^'f'' }'^ '>\^^'']: ^f f' 
 
 house ofspicery, (comp. nJ<D3,) but S^^^: 3. 62: 10. Jer. 4: 6, 21. Ps.. 
 
 tD''?3t)2n follows afterwards. *..,... 
 
 ' ~ , ti . ^- metaphoncally a warning. 
 
 In^D prob. i. q. Arab. b'^S ^U o com- Num. 26 : 10. 
 
 j9/c^e, (whence Sii.;7J q. v.) Plence n^wD f. strictly part. fem.Niph. from 
 Hiph. Is. 33: 1 ^nbss probably for ^2:26, a turn or change of things^ an 
 ^nibsns (as it isread in one MS.) ^^nt. 2 Chr, 10: 15. 
 when thou hast completed, i. e. ceas- ^'02 q. ^^0 to tnake way, depart. In 
 ed. The Dagesh forte is euphonic. Kal only in the infin. absol. liiOi Is. 
 , Cappellus conjectures that tl^ true 59. 13. and fut. riD"' Mic. 2: 6. " 
 
^DD 
 
 432 
 
 ti:: 
 
 Hiph. S'^Dm 1. to take back or 
 tiu^ay. Mic.6: 14 5 On iAow shalt take 
 atasay {thy goods.) 
 
 ^ 2. ^0 remove (boundaries.) Deut. 
 
 19: 14. 27: 17. Hos. 5: 10. and writ- 
 ten with U?, l^-'iL'^ Job 24: 2. 
 
 Hoph. r^D^l to be turned back., to be 
 perverted. Is. 59:14. 
 
 nOD in Kal not used. 
 
 ^"Pi. nD3 to try^ tempt, put to the 
 test; used (1.) absolutely, 1 Sam. 17: 
 39 'n"'D3 iib "^^^for I have not tried 
 {them.) Judg. 6: 39. or with an infin. 
 Deut. 4: 34. 28: 56. Job 4: 2 Jl02n 
 
 GTitvdtad^av anovdr]v, i. e. to make 
 a covenant ; (comp. in Lat. spondere^ 
 derived immediately from the Greek 
 Gnovdi]^ Gntvdo). "(2.) to melt, cast, 
 fmmd. Is. 40: 19. 44: 10. (3.) to an- 
 oint (a king.) Ps. 2: 6. (Comp. the 
 kindred verb ^ID.) 
 
 Niph. to be anointed. Prov. 8: 23. 
 
 Pi. i. q. Kal no. ( 1 .) to make a liba- 
 tion of any thing. 1 Chr. 11: 18. 
 
 Hiph. to pour out a drink-offering, 
 to make a libation of any thing. Gen. 
 55:14. Num. 28:7. Jer. 7: 18. Ps. 
 16:4. 
 
 Hoph. pass. Ex. 25: 29. 37: 16. 
 
 Deriv. HDO^, ^''O:, !]D2. 
 
 *Tr>h^ "^y^ shall a man try a word 'ii)ith tt i*i->i : ^u i* i i *--.-. ^ 
 
 ' " ^T ^ 11. TIuj 1. q. the kmdred ^DD to cov- 
 
 ihee ? ' T ' - ^ 
 
 2.* with an accus. of the person. ^- ! 2^= 7 niDtiDrn J^DS75 ^/le cor- 
 1 K. 10:1 she came nn^Pl inb:r io 
 <ry /wm xyi^/i riddles. Dan. 1: 12, 14. 
 Particularly ( 1 .) spoken of God, who 
 
 trie, men by afflictions Gen. 22: 1 ^^^^^ j^ p^^ j^^^ 2:46, where it is 
 
 Ex. 16: 4. Judg. 2 : 22. v2 ) and of y^^^ ^^.^ t^ meat-offerings by a 
 
 men, who tempt God by unbelief or j^j^^^ ^f zeugma, 
 
 despondency. Ex. 17:2, 7. Deut. 6: , ^. , ^ .,, 
 
 16. Ps. 78:18, 41,56. Is. 7:12 /m7/ ^^},^''^ )??. m. withsuff. '^3DD,plur. 
 
 7iotask{it) and will not tempt Jeho- tlD^SD^, const. "'^C^, verbal from 
 
 '"-' rj02,dec. VI. g. 
 
 ering which is covered. Comp. t^!3D/5 
 no. 3. 
 
 IP J to pour out, as a libation. Espe- 
 
 Deriv. ntDJ2. 
 
 T 
 
 n'O^-i ^ut. n&\ 1. to pluck or tear 
 away ; from one's dwelling, Ps. 52: 
 
 1. a drink-offering. Gen. 35 : 14. 
 Jer. 7: 18. ':]D3i nn:^ a meat and 
 drink offering. Joel 1: 9. 
 
 2. a molten imase. 
 
 , 1. q. 
 
 -:r.D?3. Is. 
 
 7. from one's country, Prov. 2: 22. 
 
 (comp. -vun:.) 41:29.48:5. 
 
 2. to tear down (a house.) Prov. k-ta^- , k.-.w^ r-i. n j ^ -r 
 
 ^f, gr- ^ ^ TiwJ, emph. fi<rp2, Chald. a drink-of- 
 
 Niph. ^o 6e torn away, or (^rrae/i f ering. Ezra 7: 17. 
 
 j/QDJ found only Is. 28: 25. according 
 
 to the Sept. Aqu. Theod. Vulg. mil- 
 let, though without confirmation from 
 the kindred dialects. Others make 
 it an epithet of JT^i''^, fat barley, 
 (as if from usj^ku to be fat,) but the 
 gender does not suit, and to be fat in 
 Hebrew is written with UJ. 
 
 out, from a country. Deut. 28: 63. 
 nD3 Chald. i, q. Heb. Ithpe. Ezra 6 
 
 11. 
 TI^'DD m. verbal from ^D3, dec. III. a. 
 
 1. a drink-offering. Deut. 32:38. 
 
 2. a rnolten image, i. q. JllDD^. 
 Dan. 11:8. 
 
 3. one anointed, a prince. Josh. 13: 
 21. Ps. 83:12. Ezek. 32 : 30. Mic. J 
 5:4. 
 
 I. ^(03 to pour, to pour out. Is. 29: 10. 
 
 Particularly (l.) in honour of a dei- 
 ty, to make a libation. cmti'deLv, liba- 
 re. Ex 30: 9. Hos. 9: 4. Hence Is. 
 
 .30: 1 513S/3 ^b: to pour out libation?, 
 
 ODD to waste away, to be sick. (Syr. 
 . m j Ethpa. idem ; ].iiiAmj ick.) Is. 
 10:1 8 DO 2 Db?33 as a sick man wastes 
 away. 0072 and DD2 are almost sy- 
 nonymous, and are brought together 
 for the sake of the paronomasia. 
 
n&D 
 
 433 
 
 t:?3 
 
 IL Op3 prob. to lift np^ (whence D5 ;) 
 
 comp. the Arab. {J*^^ to lift up. 
 
 Hithpo. Zech. 9 : 16 -^T: ^snj^ 
 inlQ'7N"*r^ niDpisn'^ consecrated 
 stones lift themselves up in his land. 
 So perhaps Ps. 60: 6, where, howev- 
 er, DDi-nnb can be derived from 
 
 ^DD 1. strictly i. q. Arab. ^'TD c -3 to 
 
 tear out., to pluck up ; e. g. the door- 
 posts, Judg. 16:3, 14. Particularly 
 to pluck up the tent-pins, in order to 
 remove, Is. 33:20. Hence 
 
 2. to break up., to remove., spoken of 
 a nomadic horde. Gen. 35:16. 37:17. 
 Num. 10 : 18. 33 : 3 ff. Also of an 
 army, Ex. 14 : 10. 2 K. 19 : 8. of a 
 tent. Num. 1 : 61. of the ark of the 
 covenant, 10:35. and metaphorical- 
 ly of a strong wind. Num. 11: 31. 
 
 3. to march., journey., spoken of no- 
 madic people. Gen. 12: 9. 33: 17. of 
 the ark of the covenant, Num. 10:33. 
 
 Niph. l.to be broken up or removed^ 
 spoken of a tent. Is. 38: 12. 
 
 2. to be torn away. Job 4: 21. 
 
 Hiph. t^^iD^T] 1. to tear up., as a 
 tree, Job 19:* 1*0. as a vine, Ps. 80: 9. 
 to dig out.) as stones, Ecc. 10:9. 1 K. 
 5:31. [5: 17.] 
 
 2. causat. of no. 2. to let or cause 
 to remove. Ex. 15: 22. Ps. 78: 26. 
 
 3. causat. of no. 3. to lead., guide. 
 Ps. 78 : 52. 
 
 4. to bear away., remove^ as things. 
 2 K. 4 : 4. 
 
 Deriv. ^D^. 
 ptDD in Artimean the common word 
 for the Hebrew n^^, to ascend.,m(mnt 
 up. Once Ps. 139^: 8. 
 pDD Chald. idem. Aph. p"&!n, infin. 
 !rr";?0:r|, to take up. Dan. 3: 22. 6:24. 
 Hoph. (with the Hebrew form,) 
 pass, of Aph. pDSl 6: 24. 
 
 an idol of the Ninevites. 2 K. 
 
 V^?. 
 
 19: 37. 
 nDD. For the forms n"'S:, n'pTa, 
 
 which appear to pertain here, see 
 the art. n^D. 
 
 55 
 
 i-'^'H^w masc. plur. denom. from ^n^:, 
 
 dec. I. 
 
 1. childhood, heyhood. Gen. 46: 34^ 
 
 2. youth., the state or condition of a 
 youjig man. Ps. 71 : 5, 17. ri'JiSt 
 '^'''n^^'3 the wife of thy youth., Prov. 
 5: 18.-^D'''11"!^I ^:2 the children of 
 youth, Ps. 127: 4. Used figuratively 
 of the infancy of a nation, Jer. 2 : 2. 
 3: 4. Ezek. 16: 22, 60. 
 
 ni 113^3 fern. plur. denom. from ^>:, 
 
 idem. Jer. 32: 30. 
 12 '^15/ 3 ni. adj. pleasant, lovely, agreeable. 
 
 Ps. 133: 1. Spoken e. a:, of a song, 
 Ps. 147:1. of the harp, >s. 81:3. of 
 one beloved, Cant. 1 : 16. Plur. 
 t"'?^"'^;^ pleasant places, Ps. 16:6. also 
 prosperity, pleasure, Job 36 : 11. 
 ni72'^>": jjleasant places, Ps. 16: 11. 
 
 ^^>': 1. to bolt, bar. 2 Sam. 13: 17, 18. 
 Judg. 3: 23, 24. Deriv. b^*:73, b^S'*:^. 
 2. to shoe, to furnish with shoes ; 
 construed with two accus. Ezek. 16: 
 10 UJnn ^b^':iJ. / have shod thee with 
 badgers'' skins. (The putting on and 
 cording of sandals has some similar- 
 ity with barring or bolting.) 
 Hiph. to shoe. 2 Chr. 28: 15. 
 
 73?3 f. verbal from b?:, dec. VI. c. a 
 shoe, sandal. Gen. 14: 23. Ps. 60: 10 
 upoji Edom cast I my shoe, i. e. it is 
 the place where I throw my cast off 
 shoes. (Parall. Moab is my wash-ba- 
 sin.) 108:10. b^"Sn "^inip a shoe-latch- 
 et. Gen. 14: 23. and !:4^;3 a pair of 
 shoes, (Am. 2: 6. 8: 6.) figuratively 
 for something small or trifling. 
 
 Dual t=i:bi;2 Am. 2: 6. 8: 6. and 
 plur. a^bi'S, once nib?3 Josh. 9: 5. 
 
 ul?], fut. tZ^:^, to be pleasant, lovely ; 
 
 spoken of a country, Gen. 49: 15. of 
 one beloved. Cant. 7: 6. of a friend, 
 2 Sam. 1: 26. Impers. Prov. 24: 25 
 
 tZ^^^I !:D''l^^p^7ab to those that punish 
 it shall be well Comp. "^b. np'^'^, ^^'D 
 it goes well with me. Deriv. tD''7253^. 
 D5?3 ni. verbal from 3^3. 1. pleasant- 
 ness. Prov.3:17.-C$3 '^'^^^ pleasant^ 
 
n>^3 
 
 434 
 
 -S2 
 
 i,e.enticing,:ii,'orc?5,Prov. 1 6:26. 1 6:24. 
 
 2. beauty^ majesty^ glory. Ps. 27: 4 
 tlin" ar'3 ^/ie g/ory o/* the Lord. 
 Comp. nVn" S^t3 verse 13. Ex. 33 : 
 19. ^ ' 
 
 3. grace.) mercy. Ps. 90: 17. (Comp. 
 X^Qi^?-, gratia^ and the Germ. i?W 
 from hold.) 
 
 ))2^2 m. verbal from tD^:, dec. II. b. 
 
 pleasantness. Is. 17: 10 Cw^n "'rc:: 
 
 pleasant plantations. 
 ^r\12^2 a gentile noun, Job 2: 11. 11: 
 
 1. This refers not to T^72^\l a city 
 in the tribe of Judah, (.Josh. 15: 41.) 
 but to some other place of the same 
 name. 
 
 Y'^-2'^3 ^' <56c. I.a kind of thorn-bush, 
 prob. tlie species called in Arab. 
 0^2A->, which denotes,accorcling to 
 Celsius (Hierob. ii.l91.) a wild thor- 
 ny species of the lotus. Plur. 
 tD"'2^:^i"5 thorn-bushes generally, Is. 
 7:19. Root Chald. y:^2jixit, injixit. 
 
 I. '^"^2 1- to shake out. keh. 5: 13. Is. 
 
 33: lb. 
 
 % to shake off. Is. 33: 9 1"^'= ^^ib 
 ^tt-^^^l Bashan and Carmel shake off 
 
 {their leaves.) 
 
 Niph. 1. to shake off from one's 
 self, as bonds. Judg. 16: 20. 
 
 2. pass, of Pi. to be driven out. Job 
 38: 13. Ps. 109:23. 
 
 Pi. to drive in., construed with 2. 
 
 Ex. 14: 27 tD^^j^^^j m ii]t:] ^^::":*T 
 
 CDiin uinz and Jehovah drove the E- 
 gyptians into the midst of the sea. Ps. 
 136:15. Comp. Neh. 5:13. (Arab. 
 {j<dXJ to shake^ conj. VIII. to be driv- 
 en.) 
 
 Hiihpa. to shake one''s self free from 
 any thing, construed with '^Jq. Is.52:2. 
 
 Deriv. 1^2 no. II. nnb?:.' 
 
 II. 'n?3 io roar., (spoken of young li- 
 ons, as in Syriac.) Jer. 51 : 58. It 
 may perhaps be derived from no. I. 
 from the terrour or shaking of the 
 lion's roar. 
 
 I. '^^D m. dec. VI. c. prim. 
 
 1. a child J even a suckling. Ex. 2: 
 
 6. Judg. 13: 5, 7. 1 Sam. 1: 24 
 "^^2 '^^in'J c^nd the boy was yet small. 
 
 2. a young mun^ spoken e. g. of 
 Joseph, Gen. 37: 2. of Solomon, 
 when he was already king, 1 K. 3 : 
 
 7. 1 Sam. 30: 17 i;^J^ nifi<73 i^^ni^ 
 1z four hundred young men. 
 
 3. a servant., like 7Tu7g, puer. 2 K. i 
 5: 20. 8 : 4. Also military servants, 
 1 K. 20: 15 nir^?i:r: "^^.t? ^nrD the 
 
 people of the princes of the provinces. 
 Verses 17, 19. 2 K. 19: 6. 
 
 Note. In the pentateuch, by a pe- 
 culiar idiom, it is used for both pnier 
 and puella., hence instead of tl"l?;i . 
 Gen. 24: 14, 28, 55. 34:3, 12. Deut. 
 22: 15 if. But the Keri in all these 
 places has Jini^:. (Comp. Nin.) Out 
 of the pentateuch, it is thus used 
 only in Ruth 2: 21 :=3"'n>2 tZi:? Sept. 
 ^lera tmi/ y.o(jaaiMV] comp. verses 
 
 8. 22, 23. 
 Deriv. ^5?:, lz:">"i!!i?:. 
 
 II. "n^J m- verbal from ^V\ no. I. the 
 wandering., straying.^?>^6ken of cattle. 
 Zech. 11: 16. 
 
 *y^2 m. denom. from '^^Z^youth.fthe state 
 or condition of a young man., i. q. 
 ta-'n^y:. Job 33:25. 36:14. Prov.29: 
 20. For Job 36: 14. Ps. 88: 16. some 
 have adopted the sense expulsion., 
 (as if from *i^'2,) but this significa- 
 tion is in neither passage necessary. 
 
 n"l>'3 fern, of ^?2, dec. XII. e. 
 
 1. a young female., a maiden. 
 Judg. 19: 3 ff. Est. 2: 9, 13. Some- 
 times applied to a young married 
 woman, Ruth 2: 6. Comp. nb^ns. 
 
 2. a hand-maid^ maid-servant, 
 Prov. 9:3. 31: 15. 
 
 3 proper name of a city on the bor- 
 ders of the tribe of Ephraim, Josh.l6: 
 7. which in 1 Chr.7:28, is called ]n??2. 
 nii'^ f verbal from ^1^3 no. I. tow^ 
 
 the coarse part of flax., so called be- 
 cause beaten or shaken out. Judg. 16: 
 
 9. Is. 1: 31. 
 fjD Memphis., a proper name, see fj53 
 
 I. JlSD f verbal from l^n:, dec. X. a 
 
 T T 
 
 sieve., winnowing-fan. Is. 30: 28. 
 
 II. nS3 f. dec. X. exaltation. Only in 
 
^3 
 
 435 
 
 the proper name 'nT'7"2n23 {height 
 of Dor,) see l^i. 
 nS3 i- q- n^S. ! to breathe, blow. Gen. 
 
 1. 
 
 2. to blow or breathe on^ construed 
 with 2. Ezek. 37:9. u;iN2 ns:, and 
 without 2, to blow or kindle \he fire, 
 Ezek. 22: 20, 21. Is. 54: 16. ^n":! 
 tll52 a boiling or /oi caldron, Job 41: 
 f2. [41:20.] Jer. 1: 13. 
 
 3. to blow away, construed with 2. 
 Hag. 1:9. 
 
 4. with U;D2, to breathe out life. 
 Jer. 15:9. 
 
 Pu. to be kindled, spoken of the 
 fire. Job 20: 26. 
 
 Hiph. 1. with *d53, to let or cause 
 to expire, (but in a hyperbolical 
 sense.) Job 31: 39. 
 
 2. metaphorically to blow away, 
 for to lightly esteem, to despise. Mai. 
 1:13. 
 
 Deriv. Ms^, rs^, nicn. 
 niCb found only Num. 21 : 30. a city 
 beyond Jordan, in the territory of 
 Moab, according to some the same 
 with n:3D , 32: 42. Juds:. 8: 1 1. 
 D'^P^SD plur. masc. giants. Gen. 6: 4. 
 Num.' 13: 33. (In Chald. i5<bD3, 'j'^i:!?: 
 spoken of Orion and other giant 
 forms in the heavens.) Root, ac- 
 cording to the Jewish commentators, 
 ^2 ; hence ^''S: in an active sense, 
 irruens, grassans. Perhaps better de- 
 rived from the Arab. ^^"'^3 V^J^J 
 
 ^\.^A.J magnus, corpore inagno. 
 ^i m. the name of a precious stone, 
 
 which cannot be defined with cer- 
 tainty. Ex. 28: 18. 39: 11. Ezek. 27: 
 
 16. 28:13. 
 
 ft 
 
 "TDj ^' io fo-l^: G. g. spoken of a 
 
 house, city, Judg. 7: 13. Ezek. 13: 
 12. also in war, 2 Sam. 1: 4. often 
 with the addition ^"ina, Ps. 78: 64. 
 iS'iJ'^b bSD to fall side, tomber ma- 
 lade,' Ex.' 2h\s.' Fart. b?.3 (with 
 a preterite signification,) that which 
 has fallen or lies along, Judg. 3: 25. 
 1 Sam. 5: 3. 31: 8. Deut. 21:1. lying 
 (tflccp, sleeping. Num. 24: k It is al^ 
 
 i5B3 
 
 SO used in the following phrases, (l.) 
 to descend, as a divine revelation. 
 Is. 9: 7. Comp. in Chald. Dan. 4: 28. 
 (2.) with by, to fall on any one, spok- 
 en of sleeper terrour. Gen. 15: 12. 
 Ex. 15: 16. Josh. 2: 9. Est.8:17. (3.) 
 to fall away (and pass over) to any 
 one, i. q. Greek diaiTimitv, also tlI- 
 nreiv. Construed with bi', 1 Chr.l2: 
 19, 20. Jer. 21 :9. Is. 54: 15. with 
 b^:, Jer. 37:13. without cases, 1 Sam. 
 29: 3. (4.) to fall, to be cast, as a lot. 
 Ezek. 24: 6. Jon. 1:7. (5.) to fall to 
 any one, in a division, construed with 
 \. Num. 34:2. Judg. 18: 1. Comp. 
 Ps. 16: 6. (6.) to fall before or in 
 comparison with any one, i. e. to 
 yield or be inferior to him ; constru- 
 ed with ]12, Job 12 : 3. 13: 2. with 
 '^Z^\, Est. 6: 13. Comp. Neh. 6: 16. 
 (7.) excidere consilio, construed with 
 jTS. Ps. 5:11. Comp. Ovid. Met. ii. 
 328. magnis tamen excidit ausis. (8.) 
 to be vain, fruitless, irritum cadere. 
 Num. 6: 12. Spoken particularly of 
 empty promises. Josh. 21:45. 23:14. 
 More full n2-)^ be3 to fall to the 
 ground, 2 K. 10: 10. Comp. in Greek 
 niuTScv I'gaC^, ^iS yy]v. (9.) to fall 
 or turn out, like accidere from cadere, 
 Ruth 3: 18 -^nin V^l rj^'JS how the 
 matter twms out. Comp. in Chald. 
 Ezra 7:20. (lO.) to fall, sink, be de- 
 spondent, spoken of the countenance. 
 Gen. 4: 5, 6. Oppos. tZ]^3C N'l)3 to 
 keep a joyful countenance. See Hiph. 
 no. 8. (ll.) to fall into ruin, spoken 
 of houses. Am. 9 : 11. to become lean, 
 spoken of the body. Num. 5: 22, 27. 
 2. In other places it expresses 
 more of a voluntary action, to be 
 rendered in English sometimes by to 
 fall and sometimes by other verbs ; 
 
 (comp. the Syr. ^i^siJ in N. T. for 
 
 (juXXeaxtai, and for ninreiv.) Thus 
 (l.) tofallonihe neck of any one,i.e. 
 to embrace him. Gen. 33: 4. 45: 14. 
 46:29. (2.) to fall down, to prostrate 
 one^s self. 2 Sam. 1 : 2. Job 1 : 20. 
 Gen. 17:3. (3.) to fall or rush on o, 
 sword. 1 Sam. 31: 4, 5. 1 Chr. 10: 4. 
 (4.) to fall upon, to attack, spoken of 
 an 5nemy. Job 1:15. Construed with 
 
;: 
 
 436 
 
 pe: 
 
 S, to mrprise. Josh. 11:7. (5.) to leap 
 down, alight. Gen. 24: 64. 2K. 5: 21. 
 (6.) to encamp, spoken of a host, 
 Judg. 7:, 12. to ilzi-ell, spoken of a 
 people. Gen. 25 : 18. Comp. 16: 12. 
 (7.) "^ici: "*n:nn nrSD iny prayer is 
 laid dozen before any one, i. e. I pray 
 to him in a humble manner, Jer. 36: 
 7. also to be accepted, 37: 20, 42. 
 
 Hiph. r'^s^ causat. of Kal in most 
 of its si^ifications ; hence 
 
 1. to let fall Num. 35: 23. Gen. 2: 
 21. (comp. Prov. 19: 15.) 
 
 2. to throw doTson, to throw to the 
 ground. Deut. 25: 2. Dan. 11: 12. 
 
 3. to fell, as trees. 2 K. 3: 19. 25. 
 6: 5. 
 
 1. to fall. Dan. 7: 20. 4: 28 Irp^ 
 '5t ^t'^'F 1"^ there fell a voice frotn 
 heaven. Comp. in Heb. Is. 9: 7. 
 
 2. to fall down, to prostrate one's 
 self Dan. 2:46. 3:6, 7, 10, 11. 
 
 3. to be cast. Dan. 3: 23. 
 
 4. to fall out, to happen, accidere. 
 Ezra 7: 20. 
 
 ^i!3 m. verbal from bs2, dec. VI. h. 
 
 an untimely birth, an abortion, abor- 
 tus. Job 3: 16. Fs. 58: 9. Ecc. 6: 3. 
 
 (So in Arab. J^-X^ abortus, from 
 
 llXiuw to fall. Also comp. the verb 
 in Hiph. no. 9.) 
 
 . , . *u w T> 00 in pV3 found only Ezek. 28 : 23. a 
 
 4. to cast, as the lot. Ps. 22:19. - : 
 
 FroY.l:14.Also without '^nia 1 Sam. quadriliteral, or conj. Pilel, i.q. '^c:, 
 
 14:42 "^rz r^i"' 'j^5^'^:'^5 ^t^BT'icast which stands in the parallel passa- 
 
 (hts) between me and Jonathan my &^s ^^^' "^^ ^^' ^^') 
 
 sofi. So perhaps Job 6: 27. V*23 i. q. synon. y^s, (whence a part 
 
 5. to let fall to any one, fo disfri^ ^f j^s tenses and conjugations are 
 
 hute to him, construed with ):. Josh. 
 13:6. 23:4. EzAik. 45: I. 47:22. 
 
 6. to leave, or caw^e to be unfulfilled, 
 causat. of no. 1. (8.) 1 Sam. 3 : 19. 
 Est. 6: 10. 
 
 7. "^jCb i^^^n ^"'si^ ^0 present a 
 prayer before any one. Jer. 38: 26. 
 42: 9. Dan 9: 18 '20. Comp. Kal no. 
 2. (7.) 
 
 8. tD'':5 ^'St^ ^o let the counte- 
 nance fall, to look gloomy. Comp. 
 Kal no. 1. (10.) Jer. 3: 12. Job 29: 
 24. 
 
 9. io bring forth.Comip.cadere in the 
 Latin poets, e. g. Stat. Theb. i. 60. 
 Val. Flacc. i. 355. and II. xix. 110. 
 Is. 26: 19 b^tr) :=\V5-) ynw^JT and 
 the earth sluill cast forth its dead ; 
 Schultens : abortiet, comp. "b^Z an un- 
 timely birth. 
 
 supplied ; comp. Gr. 125. 2.) 
 
 1 . to dash or break in pieces ; e. g. 
 a vessel. Judg. 7: 19. Jer. 22: 28. 
 
 2. to scatter, disperse ; e. g. an 
 army, a people. Is. 11: 12. 
 
 3. reflex, to spread abroad, to scat- 
 ter. 1 Sam. 13 : 11. Is. 33: 3. Gen. 9: 
 19 V^Nn-bD rrri:!:: ntiiTz from them 
 the whole earth, i. e. the people of 
 the whole earth, spread themselves 
 abroad. (Comp. 10:5.) 
 
 Fi. 1. i. q. Kal no. 1. to break or 
 dash in pieces ; e. g. an earthen ves- 
 sel, Fs. 2: 9. children against a rock, 
 Ps. 137: 9. 
 
 2. to disperse or scatter a people. 
 Jer. 13: 14. 51: 20, 23. Infin. yc: as 
 a subst. the dispeised of the Jews, dt- 
 aorroau, Dan. 12: 17. 
 
 Deriv. y-r??, ys^. 
 
 10. in trans, io leave off, to cease ^^0 m- a violent shower, a flood. Is, 
 from any thing. Judg. 2 : 19 Nb ' 
 
 ^'1*T.^?^'^ ^p'^sn they ceased not from 
 their doings. 
 
 TT-^i. - 1 ^ ^L 1 i^ 7 sprinkle, pour out. 
 
 Hithpa. 1. to ihrorao one^s self down. ^^ ' 
 
 30 : 30. Root yc: in Aram, to pmir 
 out; comp. e.g. pit to scatter, and <o 
 
 Deut. 9: 18,25. Ezra 10: 1. 
 
 2. with b?, to fall on any one. 
 Gen. 43: 18." 
 
 Deriv. b?:, b>2tt, tibc^, n'lrs^. 
 ^i: Chald. fut. bc-'i. q.^Heb. 
 
 '2 Chald. to go forth, jyroceed. Dan. 2: 
 
 14. 3:26. 5:5. Spoken of an edict. Dan. 
 2: 13 nps: ^n"!"!, comp. Luke 2: 1 
 i'i7]).{^ doyiiu. Imper.plur. ^ps Datt. 
 3: 26. 
 
tss: 
 
 437 
 
 '^ti: 
 
 Aph. p^'^'n^ p"'^r^ ^^ bring out. 
 Dan. 5:2,3! Ezra 5*: 14. 6:8. 
 J^PSD f. emph. NJipD:, Chald. expense^ 
 
 cost.; xahat is paid out or expended. 
 Ezra. 6:4, 8. Root ps: in Aph. to 
 pay aut^ to expend. Comp. Kli'' no. 
 (6.) 
 "J323 found only in Niph. to take breathy 
 
 to refresh one^s seJf., after fa ti,?ue. Ex. 
 23: 12. 31: 17. 2 Sam. 16: 14. 
 ^i J com. gen. but more frequently 
 fem. with suff. 'u:^: , plur. r)r::c:, 
 once I=l^*2:22 (Ezek. 13 : 20.) verbal 
 from 'I'Cj, dec. VI. a. 
 
 1. breath. Job 41: 13. [41:21.] 
 JT>n 'iJSD a living breath., Gen. 1: 30. 
 
 2. life., the vital principle in ani- 
 mal bodies., anima., which was sup- 
 posed to reside in the breath ; (comp. 
 n^l, and in Lat. animus from ccrf- 
 fiog.) Gen. 35: 18 nXC2 n.\:3 Tr^ 
 and -ochen her breath or Hfe departed 
 
 from her. 1 K. 17: 21 -iJC: t^l'^'-^^ 
 I3"^p^-b5 nrr: IZZ let the life of this 
 child., I prccy thee., return again within 
 him. Ex. 21:23 u:?:: nnri -^c: life 
 for life. Ps. 56: 7 "^^^2: l^p they wait 
 for my life^ i. e. they hope to take 
 away my life. The following phra- 
 ses deserve notice; (l.) vLDj ':iifor 
 one''s life., to save one'' s life. 1 K. 19:3. 
 2 K. 7: 7. (2.) -^J^ZZ at the hazard of 
 life. 2 Sam. 23: 17.* 18:13 Keri. 1 
 K. 2: 23 -nJ =in^n*N} ns": r:;c:2 
 rjTn "^2'7l:i at the ha: ^d of his life 
 has Adonijah said this thing. Lam. 5: 
 9. Comp. nz-t.N-ja 1 Chr. 12: 19. 
 (3.) '2;s:2 also for the life {taken 
 away.,) i.e. for the death of any one. 
 Jon. 1:14. 2 Sam. 14:7. (4.) n^n 
 'i:;22 to smite dead^ ccedere quoad vi- 
 tam ; see Ti'DZ. 
 
 3. a living being., that which has 
 life. Josh. 10: 28 u:s;n-r3 every liv- 
 ing thing. Verses 30, 32, 35, 37. 
 More full n^n u:D2 Gen. 1: 20, 24. 
 2: 7. Particularly spoken of men, 
 Ezek. 22 : 25 ^bDw\ U/53 they decmtr 
 
 men. Prov. 11:25 ?^3^2 tiic; a be- 
 nefcent man., a liberal soul. It is us- 
 ed especially (1.) in the Mosaic laws 
 to denote any one., any person. Lev. 
 4 : 2 NtDnn 'S 'i;??.: if a person sin. 
 5: 1,2, 4," 15, 17. 6:2. (2.) in enu- 
 merations, e. g. i:;?.5 D^'^nd seventy 
 souls or persons., Ex. 1:5. In oppo- 
 sition to animals, Num.31 : 46. comp. 
 Gen. 14:2 1.(3.) particularly of slaves. 
 Gen. 12:5 f-^na T'^^' i\i;n* -issrt 
 the souls which they had acquired in 
 Haran. Ezek. 27:13. Comp. Rev. 18: 
 13. 1 Mac. 10:33. (4.) n73 'ii?.: (the 
 latter is in the genitive,)^ deadbody^ 
 a corpse. Num. 6 : 6 i^b n:a u;2:"by 
 Ni^ he shall come at no dead body. 
 Lev. 21: 1 1. Then without na , a 
 as -i:?.:!: N7:*o Num. 5: 2. and fi^QD 
 ^i;?.: Lev. 22: 4. one rendered unclean 
 by a dead body. 
 
 4. the soul., spirit., as the seat of the 
 volitions and affections. Hence fre- 
 quently connected with ib, or con- 
 strued like the same. Deut. 26: 16 
 rjX5:-bDai t^nnb-b:Da with all thy 
 heart and with all thy soul. Cant. 
 1: 7 "'"^J^j ^^^!^J'>lj thou., whom my 
 soul loveth. 1 Sam. 1:15 and I pour^ 
 ed out my soul before Jehovah. Ex.23: 
 9 ^ari 'wC: nN rm'T:- ye know the 
 
 feelings of a stranger., and so Prov. 
 "12 : io. Particularly (l.) with suf- 
 fixes, it forms a periphrasis of the 
 personal pronouns ; as "^"^d: /, Ps. 
 3:3. 7:3. 11: 1. 35:3,7. ^is: thou^ 
 Is. 51 :23. Also/ myself Job 9: 21. 
 (2.) by a peculiar idiom, the Hebrew 
 says, my soul hungers., (Prov. 27 : 7.) 
 thirsts^ (Prov. 25:25.)/a5^, (Ps. 69: 
 1 5.) is cold.) (Job 24: 7 according to 
 the Sept.) 
 
 5. desire. Gen. 23 : 8. 2 K. 9: 15. 
 Also the object of desire., Prov. 13:4. 
 Particularly (l.) the desire of eatings 
 hunger. Prov. 6: 30. 'iJD: b^s a hmi- 
 gry mtn,?roY.23:2. Is. '5811 1. By 
 a metonymy, that which satisjies hun- 
 ger., Is. 58: 10. (2.) desire of revenge^ 
 murder. Fx. 15:9. Ps. 27: 12. 41:3. 
 
 6. scent .jfragrancy, odour., derived, 
 from signif*. no. 1. Is. 3: 20 ^^d: ''rz 
 smeUinsr bottles. 
 
s:23 
 
 438 
 
 Ti: 
 
 !nS^3 f. prob. i. q. P]i3 and hCD an ele- 
 vation^ height. Once Josh. 17: 11 
 
 n5?.n nUib'iJ. Chald. tres regiones. 
 
 jnSb f. verbal from qn: no. II. honey 
 
 as dropped from the comb^hence more 
 full D^C^Zi nc: desiillatio favorum^ 
 Ps. 19: 11. Cant. 4: 11. Prov. 5 : 3. 
 24:13 '^(Sn b^ p^*'^^^ nsb/ioney i* a 
 sweet thing to thy pala'e ; where it is 
 not necessary to consider D^.b as 
 masc. 
 I2''^'^n3 plur. masc. wrestlings. Once 
 
 Gen. 30: 8. Root Irns Niph. to wres- 
 tle., contend. 
 t^'^hnSD plur. masc. Gen. 10: 13. 1 
 
 Chr. 1: 11. an Egyptian people, con- 
 cerning whom nothing is known with 
 certainty. The word has been col- 
 lated with J\tqdvg^ according to 
 Plutarch (de Iside, p.96.ed. Squire,) 
 the remotest bounds of the country, 
 washed by the sea; (comp. Copt. 
 nephthos^ terminalis; which would 
 place this people to the east of Pe- 
 lusium on the sea of Sirbonis. See Mi- 
 chaelis Spicileg. Geogr. Hebr. Exte- 
 rae, T. 1. p. 269. Jablonskii Opusc. 
 ed. te Water, T. I. p. 161. 
 vFISj JS^iphiali^ the son of Jacob by 
 
 Billiah, and prog-enitor of the tribe 
 which bears his name. For the ety- 
 mology, see Gen. 30 : 8. The pos- 
 sessions of this tribe are marked out 
 Josh. 19:3239. In Greek Neqj<ru- 
 
 Y? m. verbal from yiij (q. v.) dec. 
 'Vlll.b. 
 
 1. a blossom^ Jlower., I q. I^^3 and 
 J^:. Gen. 40: 10. 
 
 'L a hazi)k. Lev. 11: 16. Deut. 14: 
 15. Job 39: 26 Sept. h'^a't. Vulg. 
 accipitcr. Samar. nxZiS. Comp. Bo- 
 charti Hieroz. T. II. p. 226. 
 
 i5^3 tojly, toJlyaway.Jer. 48:8 i^iTS 
 fi<izn avolando exibit. The words 
 ^""Hr, Nt:i: and N^iin make here a pa- 
 ronomasia. For the signification, see 
 y42 no. 3. 
 
 ^^w to place., i. q. the kindred l2!i^. 
 
 From ;3!^3 are formed the conjuga- 
 tions Niphal and Hiphil, from a:^^ 
 the conjugation Hithpael. 
 
 Niph. n:^: 1. to be set or placed 
 over any thing, construed with ):y. 
 
 1 Sam. 22 : 9. Ruth 2: 5, 6. Hence 
 part, i^: an overseer.^ ojfficer.^ 1 K. 4: 
 5. 5: 7. '[4: 27.] 
 
 2. to place or present one'^s self. 
 Ex. 34: 2 tZD^ "'h. ^^'^','] and thou 
 shalt present thyself to me there. 
 
 3. to stand. Gen 37: 7. Ex. 15: 8. 
 Ps. 45: 10. Particularly to stand firm, 
 Ps. 39:6. Zech. 11:16 &p S^^iC^rr 
 ^3^5"^ thejirm^ i. e. the sound, he 
 will not nourish. Sept. to okoah]- 
 
 QOV. 
 
 Hiph. is'^^lri 1, to make or cause to 
 stand. Ps. 78: 13. 
 
 2. to place., set ; e.g. a trap. Jer. 
 5: 26. a pillar, Gen. 35 : 20. an altar, 
 33: 20. a monument, 1 Sam. 15: 12. 
 comp. Jer, 31:21. aheap of stones, 
 
 2 Sam. 18: 17. 
 
 3. to straighten^ point, sharpen. 1 
 Sam. 13:21 ]^")'^n i^^rnl: to sharp- 
 
 en the goads. 
 
 4. to fix., establish., e.g. boundaries. 
 Ps.74:17. Deut. 32: 8. 
 
 Hoph. i^ri and n2n. 
 
 1. to be placed. Gen. 28: 12. 
 
 2. to be planted., the common sig- 
 nification in Aram. Judg. 9:6. 
 
 3. prob. to be fixed., to be determin- 
 ed. Nah. 2: 8 rinbrn nn^a n^^nT 
 and it is determined ; it {JVinevek) 
 shall be carried away captive. (Comp. 
 Chald. S"'i-\') firm^ established; and 
 Arab. ^^^a3 conj. I. med. Kesr. 
 conj. VIII. prceparatum fult.) Oth- 
 ers : they place themselves., (in mar- 
 tial array.) Perhaps the word per- 
 tained originally to the preceding 
 verse, and had other vowel points. 
 
 Deriv. out of course n-'zrs , nii^j 
 
 nS-SD Chald. emph. Nn2!Z:,^rmnmj 
 
 strength^ of iron. Dan. 2: 41. Theod. 
 clno iTJg ()iCv? '^V^ atdriQag. Vulg. 
 de jjlantario ferri., as if from the Syr. 
 22^2 to plant ; but root is prob. us^d 
 
ns3 
 
 439 
 
 ni: 
 
 here for natural state^ temperament^ 
 
 condition^ like the Arab. {V*^'* 
 !}-S3 m. (strictly part. Niph. from 
 
 ;:::,) the haft or handle of a dagger, 
 liter, something inserted. Judg. 3: 22. 
 Comp. the verb Josh. 6: 26. 1 K. 16: 
 
 34. (Arab. i^IaqJ the handle of a 
 
 sword, knife, etc.) 
 
 I. filSil in Kal not used. In Syr. and 
 
 T T 
 
 Chald. NJt: the usual word for the 
 
 T ; 
 
 Heb. i"^*! to contend. In Arab, strictly 
 to strike. 
 
 Hiph. Inittl to contend^ strive. Num. 
 26: 9 H'rni i^y 2ni2:n2 when they 
 contended against Jehovah. Also to 
 carry on war, Ps. 60: 2 ~ni< ini^nz 
 D'^*ltl5 l3'n>l. when he carried on war 
 with Mesopotamia. 
 
 Niph. TilZZ to contend with one 
 
 another. Ex.2: 13. 21:22. Deut. 25: 
 
 11 lin;; 3^^=^, ^^'C ''3 ^^ien men 
 contend together. Lev. 24: 10. 2 Sam. 
 14: 6. Deriv. niz72, n^^Jo. 
 
 II. nSD to be laid waste. Jer. 4 : 7 
 rt:'^i?n ^^"}:? % cities shall be laid 
 
 waste. Sept. ul noXetg 'Aa&avQsd^Tq- 
 aovrai. 
 
 Niph. idem. Is. 37 : 26 C-S: D^V.n 
 u'flf^ie Aeajo* of stones. 2 K. 19 : 25. 
 (In Arab. \j^j to draw out or o^, 
 e. g. a garment, a sword ; to make 
 bare ; hence perhaps to strip the 
 ground, to lay waste ; comp. IrrnX 
 Or it may be collated with the Sa- 
 mar. y^Z to be set on fre, to be burnt 
 up.) 
 
 rjj^D f. verbal from V^^" no. 2. dec. X. 
 
 a blossom., flower. Job 15:33. Is. 18:5. 
 
 nSi f. dec. X. Lev. 1: 16. the dirt or 
 
 yi/^/i in the crop of a bird. Prob. 
 strictly Part. Niph. from M^^, for 
 
 ^}2ii3, quod excernitur., excrementum; 
 comp. nij: and rrijilJ:. 
 n!2D in Kal not used. In Arab, to be 
 
 pure, upright, faithful ; in Syr. (l.) 
 to be shining ; (2.) to conquer. 
 
 Pi n^.!: \. to be placed over any 
 thing, to have the oversight of it, con- 
 strued with ^'J and \. 1 Chr. 23: 4. 
 Ezra 3: 8, 9. Part. naE^Ss an overseer^ 
 
 2 Chr. 2: 1,17. 34: 12. ' 
 
 2. used in reference to music, 
 prob. to preside over the singing, to 
 lead in the singing. 1 Chr. 15: 21 and 
 Mattithiah and others jD/aye(i on harps ^ 
 on the octave, T}%zb as precentors. 
 (Comp. verse 19 ^"^73Jtjb to sing 
 loud, with verse 21 nil^rj'' b^ with a 
 female voice ; q.v.) Here belongs the 
 expression H^r'^k in the superscrip- 
 tions of 53 psalms, and in Hab. 
 
 3 : 19. a precentor, chorister. So 
 Rashi, Aben Ezra, Kimchi, and most 
 of the moderns. Others make it the 
 Syr. Infin. Pa. (comp. in Chald. Dan 
 5:12.) to lead in singing. Targ. ad lau- 
 dandum. The former interpretation 
 is favoured by the frequent phrase 
 jnn^T] ^^* Hjjl^^b to the overseer over 
 the Jeduthunites, which is analogous 
 with the construction under no. 1. 
 
 Niph. found only Jer. 8: 5 il^'^^ 
 nni^3 an entire declension. See n;:^3, 
 no. 5. 
 
 n^3 Chald. Ithpe. to conquer, surpass. 
 Dan. 6: 4. (in Syr. idem.) 
 
 I. n^D and n?3, with suff. "^n^^, 
 
 dec. VI. i. 
 
 1. permanency, perpetuity, eternity. 
 (Kindred with the primary significa- 
 tion of the verb to be faithful.) Ps. 
 74: 3 n^3 r\l^'^12 perpetual desola- 
 tions. n22 IS to eternity, Ps. 49:20. 
 Job 34: 36. n::, ri:ijb as an adv. 
 
 forever. Is. 13 : 20. 34 : 10 nz^ib 
 Cni^- idem. 
 
 2. hope, confidence. Lam. 3 : 18 
 TIIZD ^5N my hope is perished. Per- 
 haps also 1 Sam. 15:29 bijt^t;'' n:2 
 the confidence of Israel. 
 
 3. truth, uprightness. Hab. 1 : 4 
 t2S"iJ73 n:2:b i2 ^'^ judgment doeit 
 
>23 
 
 440 
 
 ri: 
 
 not proceed according tofmih. (Cornp. 
 is. 4^: 3.) Perhaps Prov. 21: 28. 
 
 4. glory^ praise. 1 Chr. 29 : 11. 
 Perhaps also 1 Sam. 15: 29 n::?. 
 ^^Jt-iip ^ gloria Israelis^ spoken of Je- 
 hovah. 
 
 5. perfection., comphteness ; hence 
 ^t^D and n:^:b enlirely, Ps. 13: 
 2"*n^: "^^nsuin nirp rT:w\ iy 
 
 how long., O Lord^ tvili thou entirely 
 forget inc ? Luth. litrr.^ zvie langc 
 
 xcillst du mcin sogar vergcssen ? Ps. 
 
 79: 5. Joh 23: 7. 
 II. ni!^3 ni. dec. VI. i. the juice whic/i 
 
 spatters from the pressed grapes, is. 
 
 63: 3, 6. Root p=I>aJ and ^"^^-^ 
 
 to spatter^ sprinkle^ i. q. Heb. nin. 
 ^'^'^2 m. verbal from n^:, dec. I. 
 
 1. something raised up^ a pillar.^ 
 I. q. m!22w73, (comp. in Arab. r7^''itj, 
 S:i: idem.) Gen. 19: 26 rcj2 n"'i:: a 
 pillar of salt. 
 
 2. a military post or station. 1 Sam. 
 10: 5. 13:3,4. 
 
 3. a garrison. 2 Sam. 8:6, 14. 
 
 4. an overseer^ i. q. tl^Z, 1 K. 4: 
 7, 19. 
 
 *7!SD in Kal not used ; prob. to draw 
 or tear away. 
 
 Pi. 1. to take^ to takeazvay. 2 Chr. 
 20: 25. 
 
 2. to rob any one, construed with 
 an acciis. of the person. Ex. 3: 22. 
 12: 36. 
 
 3. to tear away from d-angcr., to 
 save. Ezek. 14: 14. See Iliph. 
 
 Hiph. b^i^ri 1. i. q. Pi. to take 
 r/tcav, construed with '^12. Gen. 31: 
 9, 16. Ps. 119 :43. 2 Sam. 20 :6 
 n:?.''^; '"''^n'? ^^^'^ escape from our 
 eyes. 
 
 2. to deliver^ free. For the most 
 part construed with "j/.?, Ps. 18:49. 
 34: 5, 18. Mic.5: 5. with '^^?2 out of 
 the hand or power of any one. Gen. 
 . 32: 12. 37: 21, 22. Ex. 3: 8. 18: 10. 
 also witli ?i3?2, Is. 38:6.-ri;23 ':^'^^ 
 to sa-ve one's life or soul., Ezek. 3:19, 
 21. b''^'!2 ]^i< there is no helper., Ps. 
 7: 3. 50: 22. Is. 5 : 29. Construed 
 with a dative of the person, only 
 .Ton. 4: 6. 
 
 Hoph, bsrti to be drawn out. Am. 
 4: 11. Zcch. 3:2. 
 
 Niph. 1. pass, of Hiph. no. 2. to 
 be delivered or saved. Is. 20 : 6. Jer. 
 7:10. 
 
 2. reflex, to deliver onc''s self. 
 Prov. 6 : 3, 5. Construed with rN, 
 Deut. 23:16 Tl-^^N b^S"] I^.n? who 
 shall have escaped to thee. 
 
 Hithpa. to take away from one'^s 
 self to put off. Ex. 33: 6 ^bi::n^T 
 2;^n^:-n.N bwNniy^ ^:n then the chil- 
 dren (f Israel put off their ornaments. 
 For this meaning of the conjugation 
 Hithpael, comp. the art. t3'li2, pnc. 
 
 Deriv. inbiiti. 
 V-?3 Ghald. Aph" 7^rj_ i. q. Heb. "^^^Ti 
 
 no. 2. Dan. 3:29. 6:15, 28. 
 y^*j m. dec. II. b. afl(mer. Cant.2:12. 
 
 Root V:i:. 
 >-:S3 see Tl\ 
 
 ' T T 
 
 VjllD 1. strictly to shine., sparkle. Once 
 
 Ezek. 1:7. Deriv. yi:''2. 
 
 2. to blossom.,{iis, in Chald.)whence 
 the deriv. Y": no. 1. n:^:, j:i:;comp. 
 y^:n to blossom. (Words of shining 
 are often made to signify verdure and 
 blossoming ; see IT, and comp. Simo- 
 nis Arcanum Formarum, p. 352.) 
 With blossoming or sprouting., the 
 Shemite also connects the plumage 
 of birds; hence 
 
 3. tofy ; (comp. Mbs in^ Chald. 
 to sprout., in Syr. tofy.) Deriv. V?. ^ 
 hawk. Comp. the kindred forms i^':Z2 
 to fly., and T't^^hz a wing. 
 
 "pz: see p:r\ ' 
 
 "1213, fut. n'21, more rarely ^iir, i.q. 
 na:. 
 
 1 . to watch^keep^guard ; e.g. a vine- 
 yard. Job27:18.-D-n:ib 71'^p, a watch- 
 tozmr., 2K.17:9. Often spoken of Jeho- 
 vah, to guards protect., defend^ Deut. 
 32: 10. Ps. 31 : 24. Construed with 
 "^12 of the thing, Ps. 32:7 ^2-}.:^n nsi^ 
 thou shall preserve me from trouble. 
 12: 8. 64: 2. 140: 2. Also taken in a 
 bad sense, Job 7_: 20 CS^^n ^.:2 
 
SP3 
 
 441 
 
 1:3 
 
 O thou that watchest for men. Is. 19:6 12: 31.) In Arab. v^^^jJtJ dtix^ tribib' 
 Vj^-I'IJ") ^"^V-^-, the preserved of Israel. 
 
 Is. 1: 8 m^:s:Z 'l^yS as a delivered 
 city. Only once with ^y, Ps. 141:3 
 
 rfoor of my lips., i. e. over my mouth. 
 (The Dagesh is euphonic.) 
 
 2. to keep., observe ; e. g. a cove- 
 nant, Dent. 33: 9. Ps. 25:10. the pre- 
 cepts of God, Ps. 105:45. Ex. 34: 7 
 SZi'^DbNr; ^Dn ~\'^Z keeping mercy to 
 
 the thousandth generation. 
 
 3. to keep^ hide., conceal. Is. 48: 6 
 CPiJ'l'^ ^j-^-j ni-i^::: hidden things 
 which thou didst not know. 65: 4 
 =13*^'^'^ D'^n^jCiZ they lodge in conceal- 
 ed places. Hence n!:.-n "2^22 subtle of 
 heart., Prov. 7: 10. 
 
 4. to watch or observe (a city,) i.e. 
 prob. to shut it in, to besiege it. 2 
 Sam. 11:16 "i^yn h"* SNi*' nfiJs 
 
 T V T ; 
 
 when Joab besieged the city. So Jer. 
 
 4:16 D'^'^i:: besiegers. Also, accord- 
 ing to some, Is. 1: 8 !Tnii3 *i^>;a 6e- 
 sieged city. 
 
 X-^2 m. a twig., branch., shoot. Is. 11:1. 
 i4: 19. 60:21. Dan. 11:7. (Root 
 r^^-y to be green.^ 
 
 ^,p Chald. pure. Dan. 7: 9. Roott^j^S 
 i. q. Heb. np^z q. v. 
 
 1*^3, fut. sp^ and np:*;. 
 
 1. to bore. 2 K. 12 : 10. Construed 
 with an accus. to bore through., pierce., 
 Job 40 : 24, 26. [41- 2.] 2 K. 18: 21. ^ 
 
 mis., pnnceps. 
 
 3. i. q. '2^Jl to curse., execrate, bias- 
 
 Mi 
 
 pheme. (So in Arab, v-'^**' to cut or 
 6ore through, metaphorically to re- 
 vile, curse.) Lev. 24: 11,16. Num. 
 23: 8, 25. Job 3: 8. 5: 3. Prov. 11 : 
 26. (The ambiguity of the word 
 ip 3 has caused the passage Lev. 24: 
 11. to be misunderstood, and to be 
 interpreted of a simple utterance 
 of the name of God, see ^iJ^"!.) 
 
 Niph. pass, of no. 2. Num. 1:17 
 these men rii72"*ri n3lp: 1'4r^5. who are. 
 specified by name. 1 Chr. 12: 31. 16- 
 41. 2Chr. 28:15. 31:19. (Comp. 
 
 the Arab, ipb v-^^3 to name, by a 
 
 commutation of b and :.) 
 
 DpD m. dec. VI. Ezek. 28: 13. prob. a 
 
 casket, pala gemmarMW (according to 
 Jerome,) literally an excavation, in- 
 cisio, from ^p3. Comp. P)ri. Others: 
 
 pipes ; from !lj^3 to bore through, like 
 
 b'^bti from bbn, which does not suit 
 the context. 
 nnpD f- verbal from i[3;, afemale,ia 
 
 opposition to 157 a male ; the appro- 
 priate designation of sex in men and 
 animals.-Jl^p:^ IDT a male and a fe- 
 male, a man and a woman. Gen. 1: 
 27. Lev. 3:1,6. 4:28,32. 5:6. 12:5. 
 Ip3 m. plur. CJ-^-p:, dec. VIII. d. 
 Ao/e5\Hab. 3: 14 ITlD ^iiisi'l nipD *j9ecA:/ef?, sjooiiet^, spoken of sheep and 
 thou didst pierce the held of theirhad- goats. Gen. 30: 32 ff. 31: 8 if. (Also 
 ers. (In Chald. Syr. and Arab, idem. 
 
 Hag. 1:6 l^p3 lin^Z a bag with 
 
 very common.) Deriv. n^p:, r'^jvTs, 
 
 ri^p;3. 
 
 2. io cwi, divide, separate, diMingu- 
 ere, and hence distincie dicere, to spe- 
 cify, to name. (Comp^ ^^1^ in Heb. 
 and Aram, to pierce, divide, distin- 
 guish.) Gen. 30: 28 '^y ^"If?'^ "^p^ 
 name <o we thy wages. Is. 62 : 2. 
 Part. pass. D'^ip.3 t/ie called by name, 
 the famous, Am. 6: 1. (comp. 1 Chr. 
 
 56 
 
 in Chald.) 
 p 3 m. a herdsman, an owner of cattle. 
 
 Am. 1:1. Applied to the king of 
 Moab, 2 K. 3: 4. Strictly a denom, 
 
 5 c ^*i.. 
 
 from ^p.3 Arab. ^-^^ and 0<^j a 
 
 species of sheep and goats with shdrt 
 feet, and of an ugly form ; whence 
 
 ^^^(like dib from 1:215, Ipiafrom 
 
 ips.) Arab, OV.^ one Tt7/o ftee;?^ 
 
^^3 
 
 442 
 
 fiPD 
 
 mich cattle. But in Hebrew the sig- 
 nrtication was probably more gener- 
 al, a henhniaii. See Bocharti Hie- 
 roz. T. I. p. 441. 
 H'^P 3 f- dec. X. a pointy dot., on a gold 
 or pearl chain. Cant. 1:11. See 
 
 1 . pure.^ innocent Ex. 23 : 7. Job 
 4: 7. 9: 25. "'pD tDT innocent blood, 
 Deut. 19 : 10, 13. i Sam. 3 : 28 ^2 
 'ipSfi^ rv.T2 'SiiN / am innocent of 
 the blood of Abner. 
 
 2. /rec, c/ear ; from responsibility 
 or obligation, construed with "j?3. Gen. 
 21: 41. Num. 32: 22. from military 
 service, Deut. 24: 5. 1 K. 15: 22. 
 
 bread, frusta; (comp. ^p2 a point, ^^^2 (with N in otio) i. q. '^p.S. Joel 4. 
 
 dot.) Josh. 9:5, 12. '"' r,, .^^ ,_ . . , t^.^' 
 
 J 1- 1 r * j; ; 19. [3: 19. Jon. 1: 14 Keth. 
 
 2. a kmd ol pastry, small cakes. . *- J 
 
 IK. 14:3. Sept. 'AoUv()ldu. Vulg. 'jVi;^ m. verbal from np^D, dec.III. d. 
 
 crustulam. 
 
 H^'^l'^j masc. plur. 1. crumbs of 
 
 purity, cleanness. Am. 4 : 6 p'^p^ 
 tZi'^lUJ cleanness of teeth, i.e. hunger- 
 "^55 ]^"'p-. ^^^^ cleanness of my hands, 
 i. e. my innocency. Gen . 20 : 5. 
 Hence moral purity, innocence, Ps. 
 26:6. 73:13. 
 wllh ] of the crime, Ps. 19 : 14. P^p3 or P^P^ found only in the const' 
 
 state, Jer. 13: 4 ^'rDJj p^p3 a cleft of 
 
 npD ^0 ie pure, innocent. In Kal only 
 Jer. 49: 12 !i'p2 a pleonastic infin. 
 used with the Niph. 
 
 Niph. flp: 1. to be pure, meta- 
 phorically to be innocent ; construed 
 
 Num. 5: 31. of the person, Judg. 15: 
 3 aT]'4;^_3?J ^n^^pp. I shall not be guil- 
 ty to the Philistines. 
 
 2. to be free fj'om punishment, to go 
 unpunished, without the idea of in- 
 nocence. Ex. 21:19,28. Num. 5: 19. 
 
 the rock; and in the plur. "'p.'^p^ 
 
 * ..,,.U)r^^ 
 
 Prov. 6 
 
 29 'j^irf^:^ nr 
 
 ^5 
 
 te'^^Ir&r! Is. 7: 19. Jer. 16: 16. The 
 
 root pp3 is found in none of the 
 
 Shemitish dialects. 
 
 t2p3 i. q. O^p and y^p to loathe or be 
 Ti'Z whosoever toucheth her shall not s'O *'" ^ ,. . i -xt. 
 
 nnp^mished. 11: 21. '^^^rV^ any thing, construed with 
 
 3. to be free, from an oath, from an \ Job 10: 1 . 1 he future and other 
 obligation. Gen. 24: 8, 41. forms are made from ts^ip. 
 
 4. to be emptied out, to be stripped, ^np], infin. bZiip3, ft. tDIp"'., to avenge, 
 
 laid waste, spoken of a city. (So in 
 Arab. conj. X.) Is. 3:26 71^^ "^F.^. 
 ;212Jn desolate she shall sit upon the 
 ground. Also spoken of persons, to 
 be destroyed, or rooted out, Zech. 5: 3. 
 
 Pi. np3 1. to pronounce innocent, 
 to acquit. Job 9 : 28. Construed with 
 172, Ps. 19:13. Job 10: 14. 
 
 2. to let go unpunished, to remit, 
 forgive. Ex. 20: 7. 1 K. 2: 9. Joel 4: 
 21 [3: 21] 'n'pi ^^^ D^T 'ri^p:'! and 
 I will remit their bloodguiltiness, which 
 I have not remitted. Comp. Ex. 34: 
 7 who forgives iniquity, transgression, 
 and sin, rrp.:"^ J^r J^p.il ^'^^ ^'^^^ "^^ 
 always forgive, etc. Num. 14 : 18. al- 
 so Jer. 30: 11. 46: 28. Nab. 1: 3. 
 ^pD, plur. tS^'.pD, verbal adj. from 
 -p:, dec. VIII. m. 
 
 revenge, to take revenge. Lev. 19:18. 
 Construed (l.) with an accus. of the 
 person or thing for which the re- 
 venge is taken, Deut. 32: 43. 1 Sam. 
 24: 23. Also in the following con- 
 struction, Lev. 26 : 25 n?3p3 l^rj 
 n'^ns u3p.3 the sword which avenges 
 the covenant ; comp. Jer. 51 : 36. 
 (2.) with "JTS of the person or thing 
 on which revenge is taken, 1 Sam. 
 24: 13. withnNTq, Num. 31: 2. with 
 ^172, 2 K. 9: 7." with b^ , Nah. 1: 2. 
 Ezek. 25: 12. with an accus. Josh. 
 10: 13. Some examples of the full 
 construction are 1 Sam. 24: lo^j'op^j 
 "r-^Wq ll'ini Jehovah avenge me of thee. 
 Num. 31: 2. Once with bi', Ps. 99:8. 
 Niph. 1. to revenge one'' s' self. E- 
 zek. 25: 15. The person on whom 
 
tip 
 
 revenge is taken, is construed with 
 2, Judg.l5:7. 1 Sam. 18:25. with ]7:, 
 Is. 1: 24. Jud?. 16: 28 "Qp: ni2plii 
 
 443 nps 
 
 circumeundo, used adverbially for ciy 
 
 cw, round about. 
 
 ?rtA:e one revenge of the Philistines on 
 account of my two eyes. 
 
 2. to suffer revenge^ to he punished. 
 Ex. 21: 20. Comp. Hoph. no. 2. 
 
 Pi. i. q. Kal. 2 K. 9:7. Jer. 51 : 
 36. 
 
 Hoph. fut. tn,"? \ 
 
 1. to he revenged. Gen. 4: 24. 
 
 2. to suffer revenge.^ to he punished. 
 Gen. 4:15. Ex. 21 : 22. See Niph. 
 no. 2. 
 
 Hithpa. 1 . to revenge one''s self as 
 in Niph. Jer. 5: 9, 29. 9: 8. 
 
 Part. uZDJp3n?2 revejigeful^vindictive. 
 Ps. 8: 3. 44: 1*7. 
 Dp3 m. dec. IV^ a. and H^PD f- with 
 suff. ''n:^!?:, plur. ni^p:, dec. XI. c 
 
 1. revenge. Deut. 32: 35. To take I[. In* 
 revenge is expressed by S*U;n, Deut. * " 
 32:41,43. by njPb, Is. 47:3. Jer. 
 20: 10. by rT'IJy, Ps. 149 : 7. Ezek. 
 25: 17. and construed with ir, ^72^ or 
 3 of the person. Also n7jp23 tl^y 
 to execute vengeance.^ Ezek. 25 : 15. 
 
 2. to surround., compass. Construed 
 with an accus. i K. 7:24. Ps. 22: 17. 
 with \V, 2 K. 6: 14. Ps. 17: 9. 88:18. 
 with an accus. of the thing and r? of 
 the person, to surround with any thing, 
 Job 19:6 ?)":?- 'ri' i^^i:':^ and he has 
 surrounded me with his net. Lam. 3:4. 
 
 3. to go round, to elapse., spoken 
 of time. Jobl : 5 "^^.^ =5S5"pn "^ 
 1iri'pi2n when the days of feasting 
 had ended. 
 
 4. used elliptically. Lev. 19 : 27 
 !Z2w;i;i<;n n^{t) -ispn N""b ye shall not 
 round the corners of your heads. 
 Symm. ov n^gi'^vgi^oft^ y.vyMo ti]v 
 uQoaoiptv.^ in reference to some re- 
 ligious custom, like that of the Ara- 
 bians, who cut off the hair all round 
 the head, but left it standing on the 
 crown; ^ee Herod, iii. 8. iv. 175. 
 
 3 to smite.) to hew, kindred with 
 r|^3. In Chald. and Arab. idem. In 
 Kal not used. 
 
 Pi. ?]jv: 1. to cut down, e.g. a thick- 
 et. Is. 10: 34. 
 
 2. Job 19: 26. prob. to destroy 
 (the body.) 
 
 the 
 
 ^ """^Rt 10= ^oexecMfe owe'* i;en^eance 5j- 3 m. verbal from ;)p2 no. II 
 
 r^^"y"""'E^^^^-2^'^4- N"^;31:3. L/in,^ of anolive-treeV Is. 17:6.24: 
 ^ n73i.3 ]n.. ioarew^eanyone, togtve ^^ (Chald. PI :ip^: an olive-tree.) 
 him satisfaction, Ps. 18:48. comp. *.^^- r i, i r *^^^ t j 
 
 Judg. 1 1:36. The genitive follow- ~Hl'^ ^- ^''*"' '^'" '^i^'- "'' ' ""'' 
 ing often expresses the thing for Is. 3: 24. 
 
 "1P3, fut. -ip"] , and Pi. hjv3 to hore, 
 
 pierce, hore out, dig out. (in Arab, and 
 
 which revenge is taken, Jer. 50: 28 
 
 ii'D'*?! ^'9p? Ihe vengeance for his tem- 
 ple, comp. 51: 36. 
 
 2. desire of revenge. Lam. 3: 60. 
 3?p3 i. q. :fp_'^ to move one^s self away, 
 
 metaphorically to he alienated. Ezek. 
 23: 18, 22, 28. Of this form occurs 
 only the preterite, of i?p; the fu- 
 ture. 
 
 1. Pjp3 to make a circle, to go round, re- 
 volve ; spoken of time. Is. 29 : 1 
 ^Cp:"^ tll'^-'in let the festivals go 
 round. 
 
 Hiph. 5)"'pJ^ I. to go round a place. 
 Hence Pj'^p.ri and P^p.rj Josh. 6: 3,11. 
 
 Aram, idem.) Used particularly of 
 the digging out of the eyes. Num. 
 16:14. Judg. 16:21. of the picking out 
 of the same by birds, Prov. 30: 17. 
 
 Niph. <o be pierced. Job 30 : 17 
 "^|> : '^72)^?. i^^?^ by night my bones are 
 pierced (with pain.) 
 
 Pu. to be dug out. Is. 51: 1. Here 
 
 metaphorically to be descended. 
 
 irnp3 or n"lP3? found only in the 
 
 phrase I^S^il-ri^pa Ex. 33 : 22. the 
 
 cleft or cavity of a rock. Plur. t^i'^ps 
 
 tai^arn Is. 2: 21. 
 
1^3 
 
 444 
 
 Nt;3 
 
 tDp!D i- q- "Oj?; and Uilp ^0 lay snares^ 
 to ensnare. Intrans. Ps. 9: 17 ^?'S2 
 
 J'TlJ'l ti^iP.T- "'"'25 </ie wicked is 
 
 ensnared by the work of his ow7i 
 
 hands. Or ^iip.^2 may be the part. 
 
 Niph. i. q. UJJ^i:, (after the form b;:: 
 
 i- q- -lir) 
 
 Niph. to he ensnared.^ seduced. Deut. 
 
 12: 30. 
 
 Pi. to lay snares. Ps. 38 : 18. 109: 
 11 Vr i^^-b^b tl'2i2 Uip:^ the cred- 
 itor takes every thing which is /m, lit- 
 er, laqucos injiciat omni^ cet. 
 
 Hithpa. to lay snares.^ to lie in waif^ 
 construed with s. 1 Sam. 28: 9. 
 c3p3 Chald. to smite^ strike. Dan. 5: 6 
 
 and his knees smote one against anoth- 
 er. In Syr. idem. 
 
 *^3 m. plur. ni"np. , verbal from ">^:, 
 dec. VII. e. Zeph. 1: 12. a light, 
 lamp. Spoken of the lamps in tJic 
 great candlestick, Ex. 29: 37. 35: 14. 
 Often used metaphorically (l.) the 
 light of Israel for a great man in Is- 
 rael. 2 Sam. 21:17. (2.) prosperity ; 
 comp. ^ii< no. (3.) the figure, how- 
 ever, being continued. Prov. 13: 9 
 ^j^n^ Qi^vij-^^ ^: the lightof the wick- 
 ed is extinguished. 20:20. 31:18. Ps. 
 18:29. Job 29: 3. 
 
 *13 Prov. 21: 4. idem. 
 
 t:^")] 2K. 17: 30. an idol of the Cu^ 
 
 thites. Hence the proper name 
 
 ^iivN-^/^: i^-Mn: Jer. 39:3, 13. and 
 Neriglissar. The best explanation 
 is from the Aram. 5"^")^: the planet 
 Mars, 
 \jr\'2 m. a slanderer., tale-bearer. Prov. 
 
 "l6:28. 18:8. 26:20,22. The final 
 Nun is afformative, the initial Nun 
 5 ^ o y 
 
 radical ; comp. the Arab, y,/"^ C' 
 
 5 > y C > 
 
 tale-bearer., sycophant ; ^^/~^-* syco- 
 phancy. ^ 
 ^"ID m. with suflf. >'^'12, plur. tD'^1'^2, 
 
 nard., a fragrant shrub, andropogon 
 nardus.^'Lmn. Cant. 1: 12. 4: 13, 14. 
 See Celsu Hierobot T. IT. p. 1 if. 
 
 )^5t33, fut. N'iT, infin. nNU5, with a pre- 
 fix n^^tJb, rarely N'Jj2 (Is. 1: 14.) in- 
 fin. absol. &?v2;2. 
 
 T 
 
 1. to lift or raise up. Gen. 7* 17. 
 29: 1. Is. 5: 26. Its principal uses 
 are the following (l.) to Ift up the 
 eyes, frequently in the phrase, he 
 lifted up his eyes and saw., Gen. 13: 
 10, 14. 18:2. 31:10. 33: 1,5. 43: 
 29. Construed with ^N, to look, e.g. 
 on an object of affection. Gen. 39: 7. 
 on idols, with reverence, Ezek.l8:6, 
 12, 15. 23 : 27. comp. Deut. 4: 19. 
 on Jehovah, Ps. 123: 1. Comp. be- 
 low under no. (3.) (2.) to lift up 
 the hand, construed with 3 against 
 any one. 2 Sam. 20:21. Very fre- 
 quently as the gesture of one taking 
 an oath, and hence the same as to 
 swear, Ex. 6: 8. Construed with by 
 Ps. 106:26. Ezek.20:6 ff. Neh. 9: 
 15. Comp. Gen. 14 : 22. and Virg. 
 Aen. XII. 196. More rarely to Uft up 
 the hand, as a supplicant, Ps. 28 : 2. 
 63:5. (3.) bi^ tiD: iiX': to raise one's 
 heart to any thing, i. e. to long for or 
 desire it. Deut. 24: 15. Hos. 4: 8. 
 Prov. 19: 18. Particularly with bw^ 
 i-iin":, Ps. 25: 1. 86: 4. 143: 8. (4.) 
 riJ^NI i\'l3: to lift up the head of any 
 one, to exalt him, caput extoUere 
 in civiiaie. Judg. 8 : 28. Ps. 83: 3. 
 Different from the phrase uiiMn MtJ3 
 iSbS rrir^ D to Uft up the head of any 
 one from the prison, to let him come 
 out, 2 K. 25: 27. and without the ad- 
 dition i '12, Gen. 40: 13,20. Anoth- 
 er meaning of the phrase may be 
 found under no. 3. (2.) (5.) N'j: 
 b^p to Ift up the voice ; spoken of a 
 person weeping. Gen. 27: 38. of one 
 calling aloud, Judg. 9 : 7. of one re- 
 joicing, Is. 24: U.b'm vN-bD to lift 
 or take up a song, Num. 23: 7 ff. Job 
 27: 1. Is. 14: 4. So with nn^;:, Ps. 
 81: 3. Hence (6.) to utter, speak, ef 
 ferre, proferre aliquid, e.g. the name 
 of God, Ex. 20: 7. a false report, Ex. 
 23: 1. a reproach, Ps. 15:2. (Comp, 
 ^'-^"q no. 4.) (7.) without addition, 
 to lift up (the voice,) to begin. Num. 
 
m^ 
 
 445 
 
 vViDD 
 
 14: 1 Jisn-".] M^i^n-bS ^^irni mici </ie 
 whole congregation began and wept. 
 Is. 3:7. Job 21: 12 n^lDT ;^h:2 ^N'^:^ 
 fAey 6e^m with the timbrel and harp. 
 Is. 42:2, 11. See ^*^I5^ no. 6. (8.) 
 one's heart raises him to any things 
 i.e. it makes him willing or excites 
 him to it. Comp. nn:. Ex. 35: 21 
 ^zb ^^J^:-^\2;5< \I5\\-1:3 every one 
 whose heart excited him. Verse 26. 36: 
 2. In a different sense 2 K. 14: 10 
 "^zb '^wNJip: thine heart has lifted thee 
 up, i. e. thou hast become arrogant. 
 (9.) with b?, to put or set on any 
 thing. Gen. 31:17. Lev. 22: 9. (lO.) 
 inlrans. to raise one'^s self to rise. Ps. 
 89: 10. Nah. 1: 5. To be placed in 
 the balance, i. e. to be weighed, 
 Job 6: 2. 
 
 2. to bear., e. g. fruit, as a tree. 
 Ezek. 17: 8. Particularly {l.)to bear 
 away. 1 Sam. 17: 34. comp. Hos. 5: 
 14. Judg. 16:31. (2.) to svffer., en- 
 dure^ bear. Is. 1:14. Mic. 7: 9. Con- 
 strued with z, Job 7: 13. (3.) i^t;: 
 'j^i'; to bear the guilt of any person or 
 thing. Is. 53: 12. Num. 14 : 33. Con- 
 strued with z, Ezek. 18 : 19, 20; 
 ij^tsri, TDi3? J^iL'D, to bear one's sin. 
 to suffer for it.. Lev. 5: 1,17. Num. 
 5: 31. 9: 13. 14: 34. Ezek. 23: 35 
 rf;nn2tn n^N*] rjn;3T ^i<t5 bear thou 
 thy lewdness and thy whoredoms. 
 Without farther addition, to suffer., to 
 be punished^ Job 34: 31. {4.) to bring; 
 spoken of a wind, Ex. 10: 13. of a 
 ship, IK. 10:11. 
 
 3. to take. Gen. 27: 3. 45: 19. 
 ln'*^N ti^l to take a wife., in later 
 Hebrew for ^t's^N* nj^b, 2 Chr. 11: 
 21. 13:21. Ezra 10: 44^ Then ellip- 
 tically Ezra 9: 2 for they have taken 
 of their daughters {wives) for them- 
 sehes and for their sons. Verse 12. 
 Neh. 13: 25. 2 Chr. 24: 3. Partic- 
 ularly (l.) to accept ; with 'uD'^ZB to 
 accept the person of any one, to be 
 gracious to him. Gen. 32: 21. Mai. 1: 
 8, 9. Hence (a.)in a good sense, to 
 accept the person of any one, to do 
 any thing from respect or regard to 
 him. Gen. 19: 21. Job 42: 8, Lam. 4: 
 
 16. Prov. 6 : 35 -biD "^le i<'i5^-^b' 
 ^D'3 he regards no ransom. Part; 
 D"": i<lt)D esteemed., honoured., hon- 
 ourable, 2*K. 5: 1. Is. 9 : 14. (b.) in a 
 bad sense, to be partial., spoken of a 
 judge. Lev. 19: 15. Deut. 10:17. 
 Mai. 2:9 minz t=j^:s Q\\t:2 being 
 partial in the law ; comp. D''2D "T^Stl, 
 in N. T. nQoaomov la^i^aviw. (2.) 
 to take away. Dan. 1; 16. Gen. 40: 
 19 within three days^Dii Jl':>'l5 i<'23'; 
 n'^b^'^ nwiN"! Pharaoh shall take thine 
 
 head from off thee. (In this passage 
 there is a play on the meaning of 
 the phrase 'd^in Ju;2, verses 13, 30. 
 See above under no. 1. (4.) Also to 
 carry away by force or violence., Job 
 27:21. 32:22. Particularly N*^f*3 
 D l^y to take away the guilt of any 
 one.. Lev. 10: 17. Hence to forgive 
 (sins,) Ps. 32: 5. 85:3. Gen.'sO: 17. 
 Construed with a dative of the per- 
 son. Gen. 18:24,26. Hos. 1:6. Is.2:9. 
 Part. pass. "JIJ^ Nip: whose sin is for- 
 given., Is. 33r24. and S'd^ '^V'liZ idem, 
 Ps. 32: 1. (3.) to take the number of 
 any thing. For the most part with 
 U;^"^ the sum, Ex. 30:12. Num. 1: 2, 
 49. or with *',2p7q the number, Num. 
 3: 40. (4.) to receive, to bear. Ps. 24: 
 5. Ecc. 5: 18. 
 
 Niph. i^iL*: 1. to rise, to be raised 
 up, to be elevated. Ezek. 1 : 19 21, 
 Ps. 94 : 2. Is. 40: 4. 52: 13. Part, 
 ftit;: lifted, up, exalted, synon. witli 
 D^, Is. 2: 2. 
 
 2. to be borne, Ex. 25: 28. Is. 49: 
 22. to be carried army, 2 K. 20: 1 7. 
 
 Pi. wN^j;: and N*^i;3. 
 
 ... T 
 
 1. to lift up, exalt. 2 Sam. 5: 12- 
 AVith "i??:, to long for, to desire, Jer. 
 22: 27. 44: 14. 
 
 2. to assist, help, sublevare. Est. 9: 
 3. Ps. 28: 9. Especially by presents, 
 IK. 9:11. Hence 
 
 3. to make presents, construed with 
 ^. 2 Sam. 19: 43. 
 
 4. to take away. Am. 4: 2. 
 Hiph. i^^i227i 1. causat. of Kal no. 
 
 2. (3.) to let any one bear iniquity .- 
 Lev. 22: 16. 
 
^J 
 
 446 
 
 n^D 
 
 2. with biS5, to set or apply to any 
 tiling, e. g. a cord. 2 Sam. 17: 13. 
 
 Hithpa. t<t;2*in ""^ ^'i^^iH ^^ ^^/^ 
 o/je's ficjfup^ to rise^ Num. 23 : 24. 
 16: 3. 24: 7. 1 K. 1: 5. to act proud- 
 ly, Prov. 30: 32. 
 
 ^*;I3j Chald. 1. <o take. Ezra 5: 15. 
 
 2. ^0 ^Ae or carry away, spoken 
 of the wind. Dan. 2:35. 
 
 Ithpa. to lift one^s self against any 
 one, construed with r5>. Ezra. 4: 19. 
 ^^'t3J f. strictly Part. Niph. a gift; 
 (comp. ii'^l Pi.) 2 Sam. 19: 43. 
 
 I. ji LiJ in Kal not used. 
 
 Hiph. -^^tJn 1. ^0 reac/i wnfo, to 
 overtake. Gen. 31: 25. 2 Sam. 15:14. 
 Gen. 47: 9. Lev. 26: 5. 
 
 2. to fall upon or hefal any one, 
 spoken of a blessing or curse, Deut. 
 28: 2, 1 5, 45. of iniquity, Ps. 40 : 13. 
 of ang-er, Ps. 69: 25, 
 
 3. to acquire, obtain. Is. 35:10. 
 51 :11. My hand can acquire any 
 thing, a frequent phrase for / am 
 able to get it. Lev. 14: 31 f. 25: 26. 
 Ezek. 46: 7. Construed with b, Lev, 
 5: 1 1. Used absolutely for to become 
 inch, Lev. 25: 47. 
 
 4. causat. to bring, e.g. one's hand 
 to his mouth. 1 Sam.l4:26. (Comp. 
 the kindred i<^'2.) 
 
 II. jIDJ Hiph. ^^-cri i. q. ^^^ri to re- 
 move (boundaries.) Job 24: 2. 
 
 TliS'lu^^ f. verbal from NtJ: , dec. X. 
 
 "Zi^hat is carried, a load, burden. Is. 
 46: 1. 
 fi^^'wDD m. strictly part. pass, from ^'i;:, 
 
 T 
 
 liter, elatus, but used to designate 
 
 1. a prince. 1 K. 11:34. Spoken 
 of the king, Ezek. 12 : lO- 45: 7 if. 
 46: 2 ff. particularly of the princes of 
 the tribes of Israel, Num. 7: 1 1 ff. 
 or of the Ismaelites, Gen. 17: 20. A- 
 mong the Israelites these were also 
 called n^s;?! "^N'^'I^^ the jyrinces of the 
 congregation. Num. 4 : 34. \*<'^^3 
 niai^n, 1 K. 8: 1. 2 CHr. 5:2 instead 
 
 of n^aJJii ''212 ''N;''i:J3. Also used of 
 the family chiefs, Num. 3: 24, 30, 
 35. Hence Eleazer was called 
 "'iV.Sj 'i:?.''^: ^"^^2 the chief of the 
 chiefs of Levi, Num. 3 : 32. comp. 
 also 1 Chr. 7:41. 
 
 2. plur. n^^"'t;2 vapours, which 
 form clouds. Jer. 10 : 13. 51: 16. 
 Hence clouds, Ps. 135: 7. Prov. 25: 
 > > c ^ 
 
 14. (Arab. ^1^x3 and S(J-^ mihes 
 elata seu primun concrescetis.') 
 p'J^j in Kal not used. 
 
 Hiph. p'l^ri to kindle. Is. 44: 15. 
 Ezek. 39: 9. i 
 
 Niph. to be kindled. Ps. 78: 21. (in | 
 Chald, p-^Oii idem.) 
 ^j found only in the plur. tZJ'"^3 f. 
 zmmen, employed as the plural of 
 Sl"^J<, but derived by abbreviation 
 
 from tZi''U;:wN. Arab. JIm^J, WJ 
 
 women.) j 
 
 I. i^CjD in Kal not used ; perhaps to | 
 
 -r T 
 
 err, wander, (kindred with r'>i;2 to 
 
 'i "^ ^ ' 
 forget!) Hence in Syr. (.xaQJ an er- 
 ror. 
 
 Hiph. ^{'^,^rI to lead astray ; hence 
 
 1. to deceive; construed with a 
 dative, 2 K. 18 : 29. with an accus. 
 e. g. in the parallel passage, 2 Chr. 
 32: 15. 2 K. 19: 10. Jer. 37 : 9 b? 
 tZDD'^nViJDD ^i<'^\pn deceive not your- 
 selves. Ps.55:16. Keri i^'>bi>ni ^'^'' 
 let death deceive (and break in sud- 
 denly) upon them. 
 
 2. to seduce. Gen. 3: 13. Jer. 49: 
 16. 
 
 Niph. to be deceived. Is. 19: 13. 
 IL. ^'i^2 i. q. ^'i^3 no. II. to lend on 
 
 usury, construed with 2. Neh. 5: 7. 
 Hence in i<-^2 Is. 24:'2. and i"^2 1 
 ^am. 22: 2. a creditor. 
 
 Hiph. to press, spoken of a credi- 
 tor, construed with 2. Ps. 89 : 23. 
 
 Deriv. i<-itJ2, r-iHi.'diz. 
 n*J}3 i- q- C31p2 and P]*^2 to blow^ spok- 
 en of the wind. Is. 40: 7. 
 
^t!33 
 
 447 
 
 Miph. 1. to let blow. P?. 147: 18. 
 2. to drive away by blowing. Gen. 
 15^1. 
 
 I. uDj 1- to forget. Lam. 3: 17. 
 
 2. to forsake^ neglect. Jer. 23: 39. 
 
 Niph. i. q. Kal, (strictly pass, of 
 Hiph.) Is. 44:21. 
 
 Pi. to cause to forget^ construed 
 with two accus. Gen. 41: 51. 
 
 Hiph. TlXn i. q. Pi. Job 39 : 17. 
 ll:6'^::u" ni^N 'qb nUJ-' "^3 that 
 God causes thee to forget of thine in- 
 iquity.^ i. e. that he remits part of it. 
 IL niDD i. q. ^U33 no. II. 
 
 1 . to loan to any one, mutuum dare., 
 construed with z of the person.Deut. 
 24:11. Neh.5: 10. Jer. 15: 10. r;Z;: 
 a creditor, 2 K. 4: 1. Ps. 129: 11. 
 
 2. to receive as usury., construed 
 with 2 of the person. Neh. 5 : 
 
 52^: 
 
 Gen. 49: 17. Num. 21: G ff. of men^ 
 Mic. 3: 5. 
 
 2. metaphorically to oppress^ vex. 
 Hab. 2: 7. 
 
 3. to take as usury. Deut. 23: 20. 
 See Hiph. 
 
 Pi. i. q. Kal no. 1. Num. 21 : 6. 
 Jer. 8: 17. 
 
 Hiph. J'^'^p^J to lend on usury., con- 
 strued with a dative of the person. 
 Deut. 23: 21. Hence 
 ^23 3 m. verbal from ^^:, dec. VI. iV 
 
 terest., usury. Ps. 1 5: 5. Ezek. 1 8: 8, 
 
 13. ^? ^u:: uD"*ip to lay usury on any 
 one, Ex. 22 : 24. (Comp. in Aram. 
 n^j, L^Ll to bite., whence iP^^2 usu- 
 ry ; in Arab. \js6^i to gnaw., conj. 
 
 III. to take usury. So in Lucan, i. 
 171. usura vorax.) 
 
 b. i. q. IrtS'rb a small 
 
 2 ot the person. Neh. 5:11 
 the per cent CDr:2 tlj'^'d: tlinN ^^N M^uD dec. XII. 
 which ye have taken from thern. Part. chamber or cell in the temple. Neh. 
 ni?iD an usurer., Ex. 22: 24. 3: 30. 12: 44. 13: 7. 
 
 3. to borrow, mutuum ccipere, ^-j^'^ f^t, V^j. (i^trans.) 
 
 1. to put off, e. g. the shoe. Ex, 
 
 construed with an accus. by which it 
 is distinguished from no. 1. Jer. 15 : 
 
 10 ^1 nt;: i^V "^n^lb: iib Ihavebor- 
 
 T : - 
 
 rowed nothing of them, and they have 
 loaned me nothing. Is. 24: 2 
 
 ii wN .; 
 
 creditor. 
 
 Hiph. i. q. Kal no. 1. construed 
 with 2, to lend or loan to any one. 
 Deut. 15: 2. 24: 10. 
 
 3 *T4pi*5 CLs the debtor, so the 
 
 '^p] m. dec. VI. 1. a debt, debitum. 2 
 
 K. 4: 7. Root Jiiij: no. II. 
 In'IDD f.forgelfulness. P. 88: 13. Root 
 
 tTiJ: no. I. 
 
 T T 
 
 T\1D2 m. Gen. 32 : 33. i. q. Arab. 5^^/^-. ^- "^^^^^^ ^^^^ *^r ^^^^- ^^^- 
 
 1. breath; particularly (l.) the 
 
 3:5. Josh. 5: 15. 
 
 2. io cast out a nation from a coun- 
 try. Deut. 7: 1, 22. 
 
 3. to slip off. Deut. 19:5 b'^JSI 
 y2?rT 1^ rTn2n and the iron shall 
 slip off from the handle. 
 
 4. intrans. to fall off, as berries 
 from an olive-tree. Fut. b"^*" Deut. 
 28: 40. 
 
 C'dD, fut. lID-rwNt Is. 42:14. to breathe^ 
 
 hence to p^ff, to be angry. (But the 
 fut. LDtZ?^ may come from uD75UJ.) 
 Hence 
 
 V.amJ nervus seu teiido, qui per femur 
 et cms ad talos fertur, prob. nervus 
 ischiaticus. 
 
 nf;'^p3 f. verbal from p'ij;, dec. X. 
 
 fi kiss. Cant. 1: 2. Prov. 27: 6. 
 ^Dj, fut. ^'i: (Ecc. 10:11.) and 
 
 ^i'^. (Prov. 23: 32.) 
 
 1. to bite; spoken of serpents, 
 
 angry lyreath or anger of God. Is. 30 : 
 33. Ps. 18: 16. (2.) his life-giving 
 or inspiring breath. Job 32: 5. 33: 4.7 
 20: 4. 
 
 2. breath, the vital principle in the 
 human body ; (comp. 'iis: no.2.) Gen. 
 2:7. Job 27: 3. 
 
 3. a living being, i. q. 1152 no. <8. 
 Deut. 20: 16. Josh. 10: 40. "" ' 
 
Pt:3 
 
 448 
 
 nn3 
 
 4, the smd. Prov. 20: 27. 
 a^52tp: Chald. the breath of life, life. 
 
 f)an. 5: 23. 
 jTj'iDD to breathe y blow. Ex. 15: 10. Is. 
 
 40l 24. Comp. by transposition IL'CD. 
 u'pP m. with suff. i2'p:, dec. VL h. 
 
 " *1. twilight. 2 K. 7 : 5, 7. Jer. 13: 
 16. (1.) morning twilight., dawn. 1 
 Sam. 30: 17. Job 7: 4. (2.) evening 
 twilight. Job 24: 15. Prov. 7: 9. (if 
 derived from >]*4::, it would denote 
 strictly the cool of the day., i. q. ri^n 
 uHi^n Gen. 3: 8. hence the evening.) 
 2. also perhaps c^ar/cne*^, as *'np.^ 3 
 ii-'dD Job 3: 9. and night., Is. 21: 4. 
 Comp. >itiu;. 
 pil3D, fut. p-^: and pto'l (l K, 19: 20.) 
 strictly to join., arrange. See Hiph. 
 (Arab. v3*m\J to arrange.) Hence 
 
 1. to put in order., to arm., (whence 
 pu;:.) 2Chr. 17: 17 n'>2;p. "^p'iizan/i- 
 ed with the bow. Ps. 78: 9. 
 
 2. to kiss., OS adjungere ori., con- 
 strued with a dative, Gen. 27: 26. 2 
 Sam. 15: 5. with a sufT. Cant. 1: 2. 
 with n.Ni., 1 Sam. 20: 41. Ps. 85: 11 
 
 pwpp and p'ipp m. verbal from p^:. 
 
 1. armour. 1 K. 10: 25. Ezek. 39: 
 9, 10. Ps. 140: 8 p^r: tZjVS in the 
 day of armour., I e. of battle. 
 
 2. an armory., arsenal. Neh. 3: 19. 
 Perhaps the same building which in 
 1 K 7: 2, is called "p3n":rn ^^2 ^^? 
 the house of the forest of Lebanon.^ 
 wherein Solomon laid up much 
 splendid armour, see 1 K. 10 : 17. 
 Comp. Is. 22: 8. 
 
 ^'J^D m. dec. VI. h. an eagle. (Arab. 
 mkJi ^y^' li-JB-S idem.) Dcut. 32:11. 
 
 Ezek. 17. 3, 10. In common life, this 
 word among the Hebrews included 
 also the vulture. So in Job 39 : 27. 
 Prov. 30: 17. (comp. Mat. 24 : 28.) 
 where it is said to eat carrion, and 
 in Mic. 1:16. where it is said to have 
 a bald head, {vultur barbatus., Linn.) 
 Comp. Ps. 103 : 5. So the Greeks, 
 Romans, and Arabians ; see Bocharli 
 Hieroz. P. II. p. 312 if. Ps. 103: 5 
 so that thy youth renews itself like the 
 eagle., for the eagle often changes his 
 feathers, as the snake does his skin. 
 
 tip-:;: GVpUJ-J p^.:i righteousness and 1i?3, plur. )^y^Z^ Chald.idem. Dan.4: 
 peace kiss each other. (Parall. meet 30: 7: 4. 
 
 together.) Also to kiss the hand, as a p'j}] to dry up., to become dry., spoken 
 mode of adoration. Job 31:27. comp. "/ . t 4i i ,-.,;..:v 
 
 ' of water. Hence Is. 41:17 tD^r*:::? 
 
 Mn'>lJ3 N?9^? their tongue becomes dry 
 with thirst. Jer. 51: 30 their strength 
 is dried up. 
 
 Niph. to become dry., spoken of 
 water. Is. 19 : 5. We find in the 
 same signification **2;nD Jer. 18: 14. 
 
 1 K. 19: 18. Hos. 13: 2. to kiss, as an 
 act of homage, Ps.2: 12. The mean- 
 ing is uncertain Gen. 41: 40, where 
 it is said of Joseph, p'^l "r^^^ ):'^ 
 "^/^t^'^S perhaps all my people shall 
 kiss thy mouth, i.e. they shall do thee 
 homage ; if so, this mark of homage 
 
 consisted in kissing the mouth, (as, ])'^'^^, m- i" Heb. and Chald. a letter. 
 according to some Rabbins, was the ^Y/zt^ 4: 7, 18,23. 5:5. 7: 11. Prob. 
 custom amono- the Indians and Ethi- ....; , , 
 
 from the Pers. (J^-'^-amaJ nobishten, 
 
 also novishen, nevisten to write, by a 
 transposion of the dental 'Ij. 
 nrij found only in Pi. nn3 to cut in 
 
 pieces, particularly an animal body, 
 Ex. 29:17. Lev. 1: 6, 12. 8: 20. 
 
 opians.) Or, at thy command shell 
 all my people arm themselves. Oth- 
 ers : my people shall run, as if from 
 
 Pi. i. q. Kal no. 2. to kiss. Gen. 31: 
 28, 55. Ps. 2:12. 
 
 Hiph. to foiic/i, construed with r 5^.. i i r ^ 
 
 Ezek. 3: 13. Comp. 1:9. where the HnD, plur. S^nn 2, verbal from nn5, 
 same idea is expressed by "^nn, dec. VI. 1. apiece cut off, particular- 
 
 Deriv. out of course T^Y^'^'\. ly of flesh. Lev. 1: 8 ff Ezek. 24: 4 
 
)n 
 
 ::'^n3 m. dec. III. a. and Sl^-na f. dec. 
 X.'plur. Q^'^'^ns. 
 
 1. strictly an adj. beaten^ trodden^ 
 (from lana in Arab, to raise^ then to 
 beat or tread a path ; comp. bbo.) 
 Jlii'^nD ^;\ V. a beaten path^ Prov. 12: 
 28. and without ^^l^'i, tWem, Judg. 5:6. 
 (Oppos. a by-path.) Hence 
 
 2. a way, joa^/i generally, only in 
 poetry. Job 18 : 10. 28:7. 41: 24. 
 in''2 nil^Ti: the paths to his dwellings 
 Job 38: 20. ' 
 
 tD^j^nD masc. plur. the devoted^ conse- 
 crated^ (comp. particularly Num. 8: 
 19.) hence servants oj" the temple or 
 of the sanctuary^ who performed the 
 inferior services in the same. Ezra 8: 
 17, 20. Neh. 3 : 31. 7 : 46, 60, 73. 
 11: 3, 21. In Chald. Ezra 7: 24. 
 
 'TiriD found only in the fut. ^n"; , 
 (kindred with ^SJ,) to be poured out., 
 tojlow. Job 3 : 24. Metaphorically 
 spoken of anger, 2 Chr. 1 2: 7. 34: 
 25. Jer. 42: 18. 44: 6. of a curse, 
 Dan. 9:11. of punishment, verse 
 27. 
 
 Niph. i. q. Kal, but found only in 
 the pret. 
 
 1 . i. q. Kal, to be poured out., spok- 
 en of water, rain, Ex. 9: 33. of an- 
 ger, 2 Chr. 34: 21. Jer. 7: 20. 
 
 2. to melt., dissolve. (See the A- 
 ram.) Ezek. 22:21. 24: 11. 
 
 Hiph. Ty^ntl, once infin. ^"^n:!! 
 (Ezek. 22: 20.) 
 
 1. to pour out ; e. g. milk, Job 10: 
 10. money, 2 K. 22: 9. 
 
 2. to melt. Ezek. 22: 20. 
 Hoph. pass, to be melted. Ezek.22: 
 
 22. 
 
 Deriv. ^in^i. 
 ]rij, fut. in":, 'in^i, imper. fi?., Jiin, 
 infin.absol. "jinD, const, nr^^ (for nrr.) 
 with suif. Tin, rarely "j'n:. 
 
 1. to give ; construed with a da- 
 , live of the person, rarely with a 
 suffix instead of the dative. Josh. 15: 
 19 "^^rina thou hast given to me. Im- 
 pers. Prov. 13:10 J-i^ ^n": 'j^'ita p^ 
 only from arrogance arises (Germ, es 
 57 
 
 449 )n 
 
 gibt.,) contention. *\T}^^ ^^ who mil 
 give ? expressive of a wish, for O 
 that some one would give., Judg. 9: 29. 
 Ps. 55: 7. Hence merely as a peri- 
 phrasis for the Lat. utinam^ O that^ 
 Ex. 16: 3 ^^n^J2 ]r\;i ^J2 O that we 
 had died. Deut. 28 : 67 n'Ti:^ ]n^ > 
 O that it were evening. 
 
 2. to lay., set., place. Gen. 1 : 17. 
 9: 13. E.g. to lay snares, Ps. 119: 
 110. to place bulwarks, Ezek. 26: 8. 
 ri*''^3 "jn: to establish a covenant^ 
 Gen.9:12. "^jD^ inS to lay before any 
 one, 1 K. 9:7. b lab "jn^ to give one^s 
 heart to any thing, i. e. to determine 
 to do it, Ecc. 1: 13, 17. 8: 16. or to 
 give attention to it, Ecc, 7: 21. 8: 9. 
 Particularly b? "jrii to place or o/t- 
 point over any thing, Gen. 41 : 41, 
 43. Deut. 17: 15. 
 
 3. to make., to do., i.q. tZDltJ, ti'^'ih. 
 
 n5i?2 ]n:^ou'orA:awi/rac/e,Ex.7:9.Par- 
 ticularly to make into any thing, con- 
 strued with two accus.Gen.l7:4.Ex.7: 
 1 . with h before the predicate. Gen. 
 17: 20. 48: 4. Jer. 1: 5. more rare- 
 ly with 3, Is. 41:2. 
 
 4. to permit., allow., grant., (derived 
 immediately from signif. no. 1.) con- 
 strued with an accus. of the person 
 and an infin. of the action, (with and 
 without ir.) Gen. 20 : 6 fi<b l^'^^j 
 rp\.ii, y53b '')"'nr]3 therefore have I 
 not permitted thee to touch her. 31: 7. 
 Ex.3: 19. Judg. 1:34. 15:1. 1 Sam. 
 18: 2. Job 9: 18. Only once with a 
 dative of the person, 2 Chr. 20: 10. 
 
 5. to give forth., yield, edere ; e. g. 
 a smell, Cant.l: 12. particularly with 
 bip the voice., (see bip.) Job 1: 22 
 Q^nbii'? nbDn "in: i^'-'^ and he ut- 
 
 T ; J -T : 
 
 tered nothing rash against God. Comp. 
 5f]r) ^ns to strike the timbrel., Ps. 81:3. 
 
 6. to hold., regard; construed with 
 S. 1 K. 10 : 27 ;iD3ri-nw\ ^n-^l 
 t3'^^^^?lD and he regarded silver as 
 stones. Gen.42:30. with ^:5'^, 1 Sam. 
 1:16. 
 
 Niph. pass, of Kal, to be given^ 
 placed., made., etc. 
 
 Hoph. only in the fut, ]'r\\ idem. 
 
pn: 
 
 450 
 
 tan: 
 
 Note. In the preterite, the final 
 Nun assimilates itself to the afform- 
 ative, hence nns, "inn^. Once occurs 
 nnn 2 Sam. 22 : 41. for tinnD, like 
 ^n Judg. 19: 11. for T^\ 
 Deriv. Q'^rni, "jn^, r,ynJ2, nin^. 
 
 ]riD Chald. found only^in theVut. "jriD"; 
 and infin. "Jrt^, to give^ as in Heb. 
 Ezra4:13. 7:20. The deficient 
 tenses are supplied from io\ De- 
 riv. iN:n. 
 
 'CP2 to tear up^ proscindere terram, 
 kindred with '^'n: and 'jin:. Job 30: 
 13 Tin'^n^ =lOnj they tear up or de- 
 stroy my path. (4 MSS. read ^22nD, 
 which gives the same sense.) 
 
 5?riD an Aramean form for ^'n: to 
 
 strike out (the teeth.) See the let- 
 ter y. 
 
 Niph. pass. Job 4: 10. 
 VriS , fut. yh";. l. to tear down, to de- 
 stroy ; e. g. houses, statues, altars. 
 Lev. 24: 45. Judg. 6: 30 ff. 8: 17. 
 
 2. to destroy, e.g. persons. Job 19: 
 10. Ps. 52:7. 
 
 3. to break or strike out, e.g. teeth. 
 Ps. 58: 7. Comp. yn:. 
 
 Pi. i. q. Kal no. 1. 2Chr.31 : 1. 
 33: 3. 
 
 Niph. Pu. and Hoph. pass, of Kal 
 
 no. 1. Jer. 4: 26. Judg. 6: 28. To 
 
 fall down, spoken of rocks, Nah. 1:6. 
 
 priD 1. to pluck or tear off. Jer. 22: 
 
 24. 
 
 2. to draw off, (from a place,) in 
 war. Judg. 20: 32. See Niph. and 
 Hiph. 
 
 3. Part. pass. p^nS casiraius, avul- 
 sis testiculis. Lev. 22: 24. 
 
 Pi. to tear up or asunder, e. g. 
 roots, Ezek. 17:9. fetters, Ps. 2: 3. 
 107: 14. a yoke, Is. 58: 6. Ezek. 
 23: 34 thou shalt tear thine own breasts 
 thereon, i. e. on the sherds. 
 
 Hiph. 1 . to draw off, i. q. Kal no. 
 2. Josh. 8: 6. 
 
 2. to separate. Jer. 12: 3. 
 
 Niph. to be broken, e. g. spoken of 
 a cord or string. Is. 5: 27. Jer. 10: 
 20. Metaphorically Job 17: IL 
 
 2. to be torn away, from a dwell- 
 ing. Job 18 : 14. Josh. 4: 18 and 
 when the soles of the feet of the priests 
 were lifted up (and placed) on the 
 dry ground. 
 
 3. to be plucked away, withdrawn. 
 Jer. 6: 29. Josh. 8: 16. 
 
 Hoph. pnin i. q. Niph. no. 3. 
 Judg. 20: 31.' ' 
 pn!3 m. 1. the scall, the leprosy of the 
 
 head and beard. Lev. 13: 30 flf. 
 
 2. one infected with the scall. Lev. 
 
 13:33. See y^: no. 3. Root Arab. 
 
 OtX J lo pull out the hair ; intrans. 
 
 to lose the hair. 
 
 nnD, fut. ^in"^, to spring, leap ; hence 
 
 to quake or tremble, as the heart, Job 
 37: 1. 
 
 Pi. idem, spoken of the locust. 
 Lev. 11: 21. 
 
 Hiph. 1. to cause to quake. Hab. 
 3: 6. 
 
 2. as in Chald. to strip or break offy 
 (a yoke.) Is. 58 : 6. Hence l-P^l 
 tD'^'l^wNI to set prisoners free, Ps. 
 105: 20.'l46: 7. Job 6 : 9 i^; ^n;: 
 '^3yS5'''l ^ ^^^^^ ^*^ would loose his hnnd^ 
 (which is now, as it were, tied,) and 
 destroy me. In 2 Sam. 22 : 33, this 
 verb makes no sense. Probably the 
 reading is corrupted. 
 
 nriD Chald.io/a//r>^, spoken of leaves 
 
 or fruit. Aph. to shake or strip off, 
 e. g. leaves. Dan. 4: 11. 
 "^HD m. the V IT gov or Vitqov of the 
 
 Greeks, the mineral alkali, (comp. 
 n"'")2 the vegetable alkali.) Prov. 26: 
 20. It is mixed with oil and used for 
 soap in the east to the present day. 
 So Jer. 2: 22. See Beckmann's Bey- 
 trage zur Geschichte der Erfindung- 
 en, Th. 4. p. 15 if. J.D. Michaclis 
 De Nitro, 10. 
 dn: , fut. '::r\\ 
 
 1. to root out, strictly plants, (see| 
 Hoph. Ezek. 19: 12.) hence to de-\ 
 stroy, e. g. a city, Ps.9: 7. idols, Mic. 
 5: 13. 
 
 2. metaphorically to drive out of a' 
 country. Comp. the oppos. yo:. 
 
451 
 
 WD 
 
 Deut. 29: 27. 1 K. 14: 15. Jer. 24:6 
 
 \DirN itb"] tZD'^rTDSn and I will plant 
 them^ and not root them out. 
 
 Niph. 1. pass, of Kal no. 2. Jer. 
 18: 14. 31: 9. Am. 9: 15. Spoken of 
 
 the destruction of a kingdom, Dau. 
 11:4. 
 
 2. i. q. D'iJ: (Is. 19: 5.) to dry up^ 
 spoken of water. Jer. 18: 14. 
 
 Hoph. pass. Ezek. 19: 12. 
 
 Samech^ the 15th letter of the al- 
 phabet, and as a numerical sign de- 
 noting 60. The name ^720 is per- 
 haps i. q. Syr. | *^v> m consessiis^ tri- 
 clinium^ and has reference to the cir- 
 cular form of the common square 
 character. In pronunciation, it prob- 
 ably differed nothing from t3. 
 
 The Arabians have no Samech, 
 but use Sin {^J^ in its stead. The 
 Syrians have only the Samech. The 
 Hebrews, speaking a dialect in many 
 respects intermediate, have both of 
 these letters. In most cases the or- 
 thography is fixed, and a word is 
 spelt either uniformly with td or 
 uniformly with D; e. g. JTlUJ, tD^t), 
 and iiD, '^^ID ; comp. e. g. bSD to 
 be foolish^ and bi?t5 to be wise ; D731 
 to tread down^ and to 731 to be stirring. 
 In some words, however, to and D 
 are used promiscuously ; e. g. D^S 
 
 and toys vexation ; *j:nO and !]nto to 
 be interwoven ; nlD^D^ andhSltott 
 a thorn-hedge. In Chaldaic D is of- 
 ten used, where to is retained in He- 
 brew ; e. g. "lii<to Chald. liN*p leav- 
 en ; 'nzto Chald. 12D to wait for ; 
 etc. In Syr. ud is used for both of 
 
 these letters. 
 
 In the collation of Heb. with Arab, 
 for the Heb. D and to, we often find 
 
 in Arabic to {jf^ , but not in the ma- 
 jority of cases, as has been some- 
 times falsely asserted. 
 
 This Commutation is more rare in 
 Hebrew and Aramean ; e.g. ]i'''}D 
 and ]V-) to a coai of mai7; bbtoNI A- 
 ram. i^'^i^D a cluster of grapes ; !D23 
 and to:3 to collect ; 17:to Chald. *^7jD 
 Ithpa. io ^ard ; ntto and nDD to 
 pour out., etc. In Judg. 12 : 6, it is 
 mentioned as a peculiarity of the 
 Ephraimites that they pronounced D 
 instead of to. This letter is also 
 found interchanged with T and y, 
 see under these letters. 
 
 n&^O, plur. tU'^i^O, f. measure. (See 
 
 Is.'27:8. below.) Particularly a def- 
 inite measure for grain ; containing 
 according to the Rabbins the third 
 part of an ephah,according toJerome 
 on Mat. 13: 33. a modius and a half. 
 Gen. 12 : 6. 1 Sam. 23 : 18. Dual 
 tZl^nND 2 seahs^ 2 K. 7: 1, 16. a Syr- 
 iac contraction, like t3^n^{73 for 
 tD'^nNr. Is. 27: 8 !lJ$Sw\D2 is prob. 
 a contraction of njjp !^^P^, (with 
 Dagesh forte conjunctivum, after 
 the analogy of iz:^^:? for tDD^-n^,) 
 hence liter, measure by measure., peu 
 d peu^ i. e. moderately ; (comp. 
 t22to7i3.^ Jer. 30:11. 46: 28.) So Aqu. 
 Symm. Theodot. Syr. Chald. From 
 the form Nn^?D, the Greek (jutov (in 
 the Sept. N. T. and Josephus) is de- 
 rived. 
 
 "["IJ^D m. a shoe., or rather greave of 
 the warrior,ocre(x, ca/ig-a.(Chald. 'J'^D, 
 Syr. fjolxc.) Is. 9: 4 )i^b ]iJD-r3 
 
12C 
 
 452 
 
 DDD 
 
 every greave of the armed Tn'kh 
 
 greaves^i.e. of the warrior. RoofJiND, 
 
 "jS^D calceavit. Only in the part. 'jNb. 
 
 See the preceding article. 
 flfi<Dv\p Is. 27: 8. See ni<p^, 
 NiD to drink to excess. Is.56:12. Part. 
 
 M::b a drunkard, Deut. 21 :20. Part. 
 
 pass. i<^3iD drunken, potus^lS'dh. 1:10, 
 i^:iD Ezek.'^23: 42 Keth. i. q. ^^:2iD 
 
 in the Keri. 
 j^DD ni. verbal from i^ilO, dec. VI. p. 
 
 1. ^4;^ne, only in poetry. Is. 1:22. 
 Nah. 1: 10. 
 
 2. a banquet. Hos. 4: 18. 
 
 jK!QD proper name of a people deriv- 
 ed from Cush (Gen. 10: 7.) and their 
 territory. According to Josephiis, 
 (Antiq. Jud. II. 10. 2.) probably 
 Meroe, a province of Ethiopia, sur- 
 rounded by the branches of the Nile. 
 Is. 43: 3. Ps. 72: 10. (where J^lp is 
 spoken of as a rich people.) The gen- 
 tile noun in the plur. is tZi'^^iO Is. 
 
 45: 14. where they are represented 
 as of a great stature ; comp. Herod. 
 3: 20 concerning the Ethiopians. See 
 Michaelis Spicilog. Geogr. Hebraeor. 
 Ext. T. I. p. 177 i!'. and liis Supplem. 
 p. 1707. 
 I35D, pret. n niD and ^nizD, infin. inD 
 
 and nb, fut. nb;, also nb^, plur. ^ rb\ 
 
 1. to turn. ^1 Sam. 15:27. Con- 
 strued with b, 1 K. 2 : 15. with bfi$, 
 Num. 36: 7. with b?, Hab. 2: 16. to 
 any one. Also construed with "j^D , 
 b/??., Gen.42.24.yrom any one. Some- 
 times ^0 be added or joined, 1 Sam.22: 
 17, 18. 2Sam.l8:15,30. Whenspok- 
 en of inanimate things, to be brought, 
 1 Sam. 5: 8. See Hiph. no. 1. (2.) 
 
 2. to turn about, to turn back. 2 K. 
 9:18,19. Cant. 2:17. Hence ad- 
 verbially, like ir:;, Ps.71: 21 ibn] 
 ^I^jriir) thou wilt comfort me again. ' 
 
 3. to go about in a place, as it 
 were, to be constantly turning one'^s 
 self Cant. 3: 3. 5: 7. 2Chr. 17:9. 
 23:2. Construed with an accus. to go 
 through. Is. 23: 16. 1 Sam. 7: 16. 
 
 4. to go round a place, construed 
 with an accus. Deut. 2:3. Josh. 6: 3, 
 
 4, 7. sometimes for the purpose of 
 avoiding it. Num. 21:4. Judg. 11:18. 
 
 5. to surround, encompass. Ps. 18: 
 6. 22 : 17. Also in a hostile manner, 
 Ecc. 9: 14. and then construed with 
 biX, 2K. 8: 21. and with rr, Job 16: 
 13. Judg. 20 : 5. As an adv. Gen. 
 37 : 7 t:5^^^72bi nrron nrni 
 Inw'^^.lnri'^rr.} and behold your sheaves 
 did obeisance round about.. Particu- 
 larly 
 
 Q. to surround or sit at a table. 1 
 Sam. 16: 11 lab: Mb isoe will not sit 
 down. Comp. SD73. 
 
 7. to be changed, pass, of Pi. Hiph. 
 no. 4. construed with 3. Zech. 14:10. 
 
 8. to be the occasion' of any thing. 
 
 ^ ^ A 
 
 (Arab.V-^<**' to occasion ; Talmud. 
 J12D cause, occasion.) 1 Sam. 22 : 22 
 (2;d: b'D'2 ^nizO "'DDN / have been the 
 occasion to every soul {lost,) i.e. I have 
 caused their death. 
 
 Niph. nOD, fut. nD";, !I2B\ 
 
 1. i. q, Kal no. 1. to turn. Ezek. 
 1 : 9. Spoken of boundaries, Num. 
 34: 4, 5. Josh.l5:3. Jer. 6: 12T2D3 
 0''^i^^tb Dlrt'^nin their houses shall turn 
 to others. Comp. in Kal Num. 36:7. 
 
 2. to surround, i. q. Kal no. 5. 
 Judg. 19:22. Construed, with b?, to 
 s^urround in a hostile manner, Gen. 
 19: 4. Josh. 7: 9. 
 
 Pi. 132D to change, alter. Once 2 
 Sam. 14: 20. 
 
 Po. nn?D 1. i. q. Kal no. 3. to go 
 about. Cant. 3: 2. Construed with an 
 accus. to go through, Ps. 59: 7, 15. 
 
 2. to go round, compass, (a place,) 
 construed with an accus. Ps. 26: 6. 
 with by, Ps. 55: 11. 
 
 3. to surround, enclose. Jon.2: 4,6. 
 Ps. 7 : 8. Construed with two accus. 
 Ps. 32 : 7, 10. Particularly to sur- 
 round in order to protect, Deut. 32 : 
 10. (comp.Hom. II. i. 37.) Jer. 31: 
 22 n^.=' iiiDD rrip: the woman pror 
 tects the man. 
 
 Hiph. nbri, fut. iD\ 
 
 1 . causat. of Kal no. 1 . to cause to 
 turn about. Ex.13: 18. Hence (l.) to 
 turn about. 1 K. 8 : 14. 2 K. 20: 2. 2 
 Sam. 3 : 12 "rl^-D^ 'Jj-'bN ncrtb ^ 
 
"SD 
 
 453 
 
 ^3D 
 
 ^i^/lt)^ to turn about all Israel to thee. 
 1 Chr. 10: 14. 1 K. 18:37 -ni< n2brt 
 '^"^-.*1'^'^. ^?''. ^^^OM /la^f turiied their 
 heart hack again. (2.) to bring about. 
 1 Sam. 5: 8 'obi\ l^ni^-ni^. ^30^2 
 ^fij'lt;'] and they brought about {thith- 
 er) the ark of the God of Israel. Ver- 
 ses 9, 10. 1 Chr. 13: 3. 2 Sam. 20: 
 12. 
 
 2. i. q. Kal no. 4. to go round a 
 place. Josh. 6: 11. 
 
 3. to surround., 1. q. Kal no. 5. Ps. 
 140: 10. Causat. to cause to surrounds 
 
 Plur. fern. nii'^nD. 
 
 1. country round about. Jer.' 17:26. 
 Num. 22: 4. Dan. 9: 16. 
 
 2. in the const, state used as a 
 prep, round about. Num. 11 : 24 
 ):nj<)l r!il''!np raund about the tent. 
 Ezek^ 6 : 5. Ps. 79 : 3. With suff. 
 "niia^lnp round about me, etc. 
 
 rjDD to interweave^ fold together^ as 
 
 branches. Part. pass. Nah 1: 10. 
 Pu. Job 8 : 17. (Arab. (iCA;^' 
 
 idem.) 
 
 to carry round., as a wall, 2 Chr. ^^^ /.,,r .. x -li 
 
 24; 5^ \\Z0 m. (^with Kamets impure) verbal 
 
 4. to change, alter ; comp. Kal no. from ^f^O , branches interwoven., a 
 
 7. 2 K. 23 : 34 V2^'m ^^12 tJdcket. Gen. 22: 13. Ps. 74: 5. 
 
 T^fT^ -^ he changed his name i,. ^ ^.^^ . ^^^ ^^,^^ ^ 
 
 to Jehoiaktm. 2i:n. (Comp. Hoph. ' ' '- ^ 
 
 Num. 32: 38.) 
 
 Hoph. SDqr:, fut. iD!l\ 
 
 1. to turn., spoken of the valves of 
 a door, Ezek. 41: 24. to roll, spoken 
 of the threshing wagon, Is. 28: 27. 
 
 2. to be surrounded. Ex. 28 : 11. 
 39:6, 13. 
 
 3. to be changed. See Hiph. no. 4. 
 Deriv. nso, nsw , a'^no , :i0^73, 
 
 m21D f. verbal from Isno, a turn of 
 events. 1 K. 12: 15. i. q. Irras: in the 
 parallel passage, 2 Chr. 10: 15. 
 
 12^30 m. verbal from nno, dec. III. a. 
 as a subst. circuit. 1 Chr. 11: 8. 
 
 forte euphonic,) verbal from ^sD, 
 dec. \\. o. Jer. 4:7 idem. Plur. '^^iO 
 *n?;^Jj thickets of the wood, (from a 
 sing, form ^nD,) Is. 9: 17. 10:34. 
 The same word is written with UJ 
 
 ?Tir:2 and r?r)2tD. 
 
 i^wlSD f. Chald. Dan.'S: 5. and NlDSp 
 
 verses 7, 10, 15. sambuca, in Greek 
 (ia!i(ivx7j, a three-cornered stringed 
 instrument.similarto the harp.(Comp. 
 '!:S^) Comp. Vitruv. vi. 1. x. 22. 
 The Chaldaic word appeairs to be 
 borrowed from the Greek, lilte 
 
 Hence i-nOI^ Num. 16 : 27. and l-,'-r f. v*-,^^ y x. + i i 
 
 T 7-2iJ, tut. :*zD^, ^0 6ear, particularly a 
 
 y^^O as an adv. round about, Gen 
 
 heavy load. Is. 46: 4,7. Gen.49: 15. 
 Metaphorically to bear the guilt of 
 any one. Is. 53: 11. Lam. 5: 7. (in 
 Chald. and Syr. idem.) 
 
 Pn. part, loaded., hence fruiful, 
 prolific, spoken of cattle. Ps.l44:14. 
 
 Hithpa. 7?.rjpn ^^ ^^ burdensome. 
 Ecc. 12: 5. 
 
 23:17. Ex.16: 13. Also doubled 
 ^^it) n^iD Ezek. 40: 5 if. !: n"^no as 
 
 T . T ; T 
 
 a prep, round about any thing, as 
 jSUJ/ib l2''iD round about the tent, 
 Ex". 40:33. Num. 1:53. 
 
 Plur. m. D'^;3"'np 1. persons round 
 about, neighbours. Jer. 48: 17, 39. 
 
 2. country round about., les environs. U^^^ rh^}A i r. u i i*^- i 
 
 Tr. -i^. Q A.v,^^ ^^i,Hl>^ .7 ^-^ Chald. 1. q. Heb. pns, also to 
 
 Jer. 33: 3 Dti/Tn^ ^^^inp^ tn the en- - : ~ ^' 
 
 virons of Jerusalem. Ps. 76: 12. 89:8. Ift up, (comp. N^^,) to erect. 
 
 ^'^^' ^' Poal pass, to be erected. Ezra 6: 3. 
 
 3. as an adv. round about. Ps. 50: r ^.^ i , ^^ . 
 
 3 ^N^ rn?X^^^ vn-np it i, ^g.^^ /SO m. verbal from biO, a joor^er. 2 
 
 tempestuous round about him. Jer. 46: ^^^- 2: 1, 17. 34: 13 . 1 K. 5 : 29 
 14. [5: 15] bzo N^ip: where the two 
 
1^0 
 
 454 
 
 Tj^ 
 
 words are in apposition, or else the ^^y'Q f^t. nnD% Chald.i. q. Heb. ^iD, 
 
 latter must be pointed pDD. : '" * , "^ 
 
 L*,^ , , ,^^ ", , . construed with 1:. Dan. 2: 46. 3: 5 E 
 
 7-iw m. verbal from ^ilD, a burden. 1 
 
 (Syr. 
 
 5 
 
 Arab. OssszXjm idem 
 
 K. 11:28. Ps. 81: 7. 
 
 ^nb, with suff. ib20 (with Dage^^h 
 
 forte euphonic,likeiD2p,)a6?mZen.Is. whence ^AsTIaa^^ a mosque.) 
 
 10:27. 14:27. Vrss" iri? t/ic yoke ^'i^^ ^ , :^ 
 
 ,. , , , TOO l~3u I. dec. A. a possession, proper- 
 
 winch he bears, Is. 9: 3, t-.. : 
 
 n^DD or n^^nO f. found only in the f^' ^'l^^^^^t ^ ^J?^' ^9= 3. Ecc. 2:8. 
 ^-;'^ "C^ : -^ J-rnn"' npO used frequently of Israel, 
 
 plur. const, ni^p fewrfZen^, oppres- ^^ jg. ^; ^j)^^^^ 7. g_ j^. 2. 26: 18. 
 
 she set-vice. Ex. 1: 11. 2: 11. 5: 4, 5. (Chald. nb^:;S idem.Root !:-?D, 1:5^0 
 
 , : "' ' to acquire.) 
 
 n^.-lD the Ephraimitish pronunciation ..^ ^^ po, found only in the plur. 
 
 for rijrzui an ear of corn. Judg. 
 12:6."' 
 IHD iJ^ Syr. to believe.^ in Chald. to 
 
 hope. Somewhat differently Dan. 7: 
 25 J""*:'iJlnb "120"^ /ie thinketh to change, 
 like the Heb. b nibn. Comp. Gen. 
 37: 8 Targ. 
 D'^nHD found only Ezek. 47: 16. a 
 
 city of Syria, between Damascus 
 and Ilemath. 
 r>i^Dp Gen. 10 : 7. (21 MSS. read 
 i^nnll),) and fi^rip 1 Chr.l:9. a peo- 
 ple or country of the Cushites. 
 Most probably Sabatha or Sabota, a 
 considerable city in Arabia Felix, ac- 
 cording to Pliny VI. 28. 32. the 
 principal city of the Atramites, a 
 
 1 . strictly a deputy, lieutenant, un- 
 der the prince, often joined with 
 t-;riv.. Jer. 51 :23, 28, 57. Ezek. 23: 
 6, l'2, 23. comp. Is. 41: 25. See the 
 Chald. 
 
 2. a prefect, overseer, officer gen- 
 erally, spoken of the officers at Je- 
 rusalem under Ezra and Nehemiah. 
 Ezra 9: 2. Neh. 2: 16. 4: 8, 13. [4: 
 14,19.] 5:7. 7:5. 12:40. Prob. orig- 
 inally derived from the Pers. rj2n"2; 
 
 /ex 
 ^A2CT;i/ vicarius, prcetor, prafectus, 
 by a commutation of H and 5 . 
 ^D m. Chald. a deputy, overseer, gov- 
 ernor, of a province. Dan. 3 : 2, 27. 
 6: 8. Dan. 2 : 48 j"':^p nn the chief 
 overseer, of the Magians. 
 
 tribe of Sabeans, on the Red sea. 
 
 Comp. XII. 14. 32 thus collectum Sa- ")1^0 m. verbal from n^p. 
 
 hota camelis convehitur. Michaelis 
 
 {Supplem. p. 1712) proposes also for 
 
 comparison ^aaaw the Arabic name 
 for Ceuta, (in Moses Chorenensis 
 Septa,) on the gulf of Cadiz. 
 ^!jn-D and ^^ 12171 I2D in the same pas- 
 
 sages, but far more uncertain. Targ. 
 'J0:T, ^^*:in prob, meaning Zingis, 
 a city in the extremity of Ethiopia. 
 
 ^D, plur. il2^rp,see S^^^D. 
 
 "^jO, fut. "130";, to fall down, to wor- 
 ship ; construed with b, (is. 44: 1 5, 
 17, 19. 46: 6.) used only in reference 
 to idols. 
 
 1. an enclosure. Hos. 13: 8 ^T^p 
 tDsb the enclosure of their heart, i. e, 
 
 their breast. 
 
 2. Job 28: 15. i. q. ^^iS i!lj, see 
 
 3. Ps. 35:3. perhaps a lance, spear, 
 
 comp. Arab. J^Vsn;:' hasta lignea ; 
 
 or a battle-axe, comp.Greek aaya^ig, 
 (Herod, vii. 64.) and Armen. sacr. 
 The connexion of the passage, and 
 the parallelism of the preceding 
 verse, add great confirmation to this 
 interpretation. The passage, how- 
 ever, is capable of the usual explan- 
 
ij^ 455 nno 
 
 ation, ('nip asimper. of ^at:,) draw and Chald. idem. Samar. 'n:sDN jw^m- 
 
 mt the spear, and stop {the way) '^'*"- Root <s:m* aquam effudit.) 
 
 aminst my persecutors. ^^^ ^ ,^ . ^ ^ 
 
 ^Z ^ /. . 1 , .,1 ^\ iO ni, stocks, nervus, 1. CL D^Btll^ . a 
 
 IjD, fut. ^.nD^ (kindred with ^Dt,) ' > ^ ......- -j * 
 
 ioVrn^ or c^oVe up. Used without an ^^^^^^ ^"^0 which the feet of prison- 
 
 accus. of the object, Gen. 7: 16. Is. ers were inserted. Job 13:27. 33:11. 
 
 22: 22. with an accus. and the pre- (Syr. j^, Chald. N^'lD idem. Root 
 
 positions "l^'^ and b^', Gen. 19:6, 10. c ^ ' 
 
 1 K. 1 1: 27? Job 3: 10. 1 Sam. 1:6 O^ occlmit, obstnixit.) 
 
 rr'in-^ li'2 Jlin"' I^D "3 because Je- ^__^ c j ..u r +u 
 
 , ^ .--' : - - , ,^ u lO Sodom., the proper name of the 
 
 hovah had shut up her womb. \bee : 
 
 ^3?z no. 4.) Job 12:14 f':^ br niiD"^ southernmost (Gen. 19 : 15.) of the 
 
 heshUs up a man. Intrans. Josh. 6:^1 ^our ci^es in the vale of Siddim 
 
 -^z^ -:^J2 n-y^^m n-s^b in^-n^i which were sunk m the Dead sea. 
 
 . " . " , t"'"-'/ ''*"*' -7 i \ Sept. 2.000 ua. \u\g. ISodoma. 
 
 t'J^'^'vU^ and Jericho was straitly shut .J , ' ^ ,. , 
 
 ' = ; , , ., , ^ r , r^ 1^ lO m. dec. HI. a. a linen under- gar- 
 
 iip before tne children oj Israel. Ur, I ^ 
 
 the first participle may refer to the ment, a kind of shirt or shift worn 
 
 shutting to of the gates, and the sec- next the skin. Judg. 14: 12, IS-^Is- 
 
 ond to the flistening of the same by 3; 23. Prov. 31 : 24. (Syr. fjo^iO 
 
 bars.Chald. et Jericho erat clausa fori- . ^^ rr, r s ' t i \r. 
 
 busferrei, et roborata vectibus cBneis. ^^^^ T ^ for aovdagwv Lyke 19: 
 
 l4rt. pass. ^n:;D laid up, costly.-^ 20. for^A^.T^oi^ ^John^lS : 4. Root 
 
 -)r.O rn-T costly or fne gold, in oppo- j^ ^^^^ "^ . \^^ 
 
 sition to common gold, 1 K.6: 20, 21. . j- . ^ r ^u 
 
 7:49,50. 10:21. 2 Chr.4: 20 21. 9: 20. ^^"^^^ dmisit \esiem suam,(see the 
 
 Niph. pass, of Kal,^o 6e shut spok- ^^^^^^ v,) whence ^^ a covering, 
 
 en ot doors and gates. Is. 45:1. io 6e 5 ^ ^ x 
 
 ^Aw^m, spoken of persons Num.12: ^jfa^ sindones. Sept. usually 
 
 14, 15. 1 Sam. 23: 7. Reflex, to shut ^ ^ 
 
 oneh self in, Ezek. 3: 24. Givdiov, the etymological connexion 
 
 Pi. 'laD i. q. Hiph. nos. 2. 3. of which with the Plebrew word is 
 
 1. to deliver. 1 Sam. 17:46. 24: 19. uncertain. 
 
 26:8. Hence ^liD m. orc^er. Job 10:22. (Syr. ]V- 
 
 2, to give up. 2 Sam. 18: 28. ' T- ^ "^ 
 Fu. to be shut up. Is. 24: 10. Jer. idem. Chald. "ll^ i. q. Hebr. T^yJ 
 
 13: 19. to arrange, set in order.) Comp. 
 
 Hiph. 1. to shut up, e. g. a house, ^i*\lt:. 
 
 Lev. 14: 38.^0 5/iHn, aperson,Lev. ^k^J"*" ,. ^, ,,/-,. 
 
 13* 4 5 11 jtlO m. a rounding. 1 ound only Cant. 
 
 2. io deliver, (as usually explain- 7: 3 ninD^ l-!!^ a round goblet. (Syr. 
 
 ed, strictly concludendum tradidit, .t> 7 
 
 but perhaps antiphrastically for re- noii ^/iemoow; comp. linri'il;. The 
 
 cte-|J, rmgnaml Comp ^pj-) Con- ^^^^ ^^^ ^.^ ^o be synonymous 
 
 strued with .-1^., Deut 23 : 16. Obad. ^^.j^,, ^^^ (^^^ th^ l^tt^^ ^,) ^^^ 
 
 14. and "J^z, lSam.23:16.Ps. 31:9. , , - ^' \ .J, ' ^ 
 
 Lam 2 7~ '' ^^ have sigmiied, to surround ; 
 
 3.' to give OT deliver up. Deut. 32: ^^^"^^ '^H^ Talmud, waceria, sc 
 
 30. Am. 6: 8. Construed with b, Ps. /?e5. See ^nb.) 
 
 78: 48. *)nb m. a castle, fortress, tower. (Root 
 
 jT-iap72. ' " ' 'l?j^=1ln'5 ^^ surround, close in,mU' 
 
 *1^D Chald. idem. Dan. 6: 23. ^^^^^? comp. ln"}r|b sAieW, Syr. 
 
 ^"^iriD m. rain. Prov. 27: 15. (In Syr. ' ^r >*^ munimentum, arx, palatium.) 
 
*71D 
 
 Hence "inbSl ii'^z a house of confine' 
 ment, a prison^ Gen. 39: 20 23. 40: 
 3, 5. The Samar. text reads ^no, 
 for explanation, 
 
 iSiD proper name of an Egyptian king, 
 contemporary with Hosea king of Is- 
 rael. 2 K.17: 4. The name signifies 
 according to Jablonski,rt chief prince^ 
 or prince of the dwelling^ {shooneh.) 
 Perhaps the same person with Seve- 
 chus in Manetho, or Sabaco in Herod. 
 II. 137. 
 
 I. 5 ID or j'^'O (once i:i^ 2 Sam. 1: 
 
 456 niD 
 
 2. a common consultation of many 
 persons together. Prov. 15: 21 I'^c^a 
 
 ITD without 
 
 Oppos. 
 
 consultation. 
 Ps. 83: 4. 
 
 3. confidential talk or intercourse. 
 Ps. 55: 15. Job 19: 19 "niD ^ni2 my 
 confidential friends. -Tirn^^ ^10 close 
 intercourse with Jehovah^ confidence in 
 him., Ps. 25: 14. Prov. 3: 32. Job 
 29: 4. 
 
 4. a secret ; hence 'ITD nVlJ, tlb-n, 
 to reveal a secret., Prov. 11 : 13. 20 : 
 19. 25: 9. Amos 3:7. 
 
 14 n^. :1D w/io^e heart is rebellious., dirt., filth. Is. 5: 25 iimDr, Sept. oji,- 
 
 i.e. wicked, perverse ; comp. Ps.44: 
 19. 
 
 Niph. iTD3, flit. :;iO';, ^o decline., 
 fall away., usually with the addition 
 ninw\. Is. 50: 5. Ps. 35:4 i;b] 
 ^is:n"1 ^in^t let them turn back and 
 he brought to confusion. 40: 15. 70: 3. ^^ 
 129: 5. Is. 42: 17. Jer. 46 : 5. Par- 'j 
 ticularly as in Kal, to decline from Je- 
 hovah ; with iiin^ "^inN*^., Zeph. 1: 
 6. without addition, Ps! 44 : 19. 78 : 
 67. 
 
 Deriv. :i*'D . 
 
 II. ^"^0 to hedge round., to encompass. 
 
 (Syr. '-s*^, Chald. :;^0, in Hebrew 
 elsewhere r]^^.) Cant. 7 : 3 n^^D 
 G'^idii"'! encompassed with lilies. 
 
 y'^O found only Ezek. 22: 18 Keth. 
 i. q. :4''D dross. 
 
 *15^D ni. a prison., ca^c, for lions. E- 
 zek. 19 
 
 '7iD in- aec. I. I. a circle or company 
 of persons sitting together, (it is a con- 
 
 KOTi^ia. Vulg. quasi stercus. Chald. 
 {<n^nD3. Others make the D radi- 
 cal, and compare it with the Arab. 
 nOD ^Tmvji=5 to sweep out. But 
 
 the adverb of comparison 3 is natu- 
 rally expected here. 
 ^D i- q- TfD3 no. 3. to anoint., appli- 
 ed to the anointing of the body after 
 washing, and not to the anointing of 
 a king or the like ; hence ditlerent 
 from r\'LJ2. 2Chr. 28: 15. Ezek. 16: 
 
 T 
 
 9. Reflex, to anoint one''s self Ruth 
 3: 3. Dan. 10: 2. 2 Sam. 12:20. The 
 matter with which one is anointed is 
 put in the accus. (comp. n^^ Am. 
 6: 6.) Dent. 28 : 40 ^^Dn J<b )'^'^] 
 but with oil thou shalt not anoint thy- 
 self. Mic. 6: 15. 2Sam.l4: 2. Deriv. 
 ^HDN. The part. ^iD^J derives its 
 signification from ^^D, and is equiv- 
 
 traction of liD"^ Arab. OU 
 
 an east- 
 
 r. r. a T. alent to ^D^. 
 
 9:9. Sept.x.;^,o.^ \u\g.cavea. ^^^^^ ^/chald. Dan. 3:6, 10, 15. 
 
 . dec. I. 1 . a circle or comvanv ^ : : 
 
 for which in verse 10 Keth. we find 
 i<"^:D^!D, the Greek word Gv^iq:covia, 
 a bag-pipe. (Comp. Serv. on jEn. xi. 
 27.^ In the latter form the Mem is 
 thrown out, as in the Syr. \.^a^. 
 
 The Hebrew interpreters render it 
 by nx\:;. The Hebrew Tractatus 
 Shilte Haggibborim (Ugolini Thes. 
 Vol. XXXII.) describes the sampon- 
 ja as a bag pipe, consisting of two 
 pipes thrust through a leathern bag, 
 of a mournful sound. The shalm is 
 
 e7-n sofa,, divan., from "t^D"^ in the sig- 
 nification of l\aw sternere lectulum. 
 
 Comp. nc; in Niph.) Jer. 6: 11 ITO 
 tlj"'") '^nz the circle of young men. 1 5: 
 17 ub"'pn"^7^ "ITD the circle of scorn- 
 ers. Ezek. 13: 9. Ps. 64: 3. 111:1. 
 Particularly a body of counsellors., Ps. 
 89: 8. Job 16: 8. Jer. 23: 18. 
 
511& 
 
 457 
 
 nip 
 
 at the present day called in Italy 
 samponja^ in Asia Minor sambonja. 
 iTjDlD Syene^ the southernmost city in 
 
 Egypt, through which the tropic of 
 Cancer passes, by the Copts called 
 
 Sovan^ Arab. (J)^**'f Asvan. Ezek. 
 29: 10. 30: 6. In both passages it 
 stands in the accus. to Syene^ but the 
 final n_ is not on that account to be 
 taken as the Ji local.(Comp.r;5>-)S^^ 
 Jablonskii Opusc. ed. te Water, T.I. 
 p. 328. Michaelis Spicileg. T. II. p. 
 40. 
 
 DIO m. dec. I. 
 
 1. a horse. Gpn. 47 : 17. Is. 
 2: 7. 
 
 2. a swallow. Is. 38 : 14. Jer. 8: 7. 
 but in the latter place the Keri has 
 D'^0. So the Sept. Theod. Jerome; 
 but the Hebrew commentators ren- 
 der it the crane. See Bocharti Hie- 
 roz. T. II. p. 60. 
 
 nDliD f. Cant. 1: 9. a mare. 
 
 T 
 
 fl^^D m. an end., the Aramean word for 
 the more ancient and usual Hebrew 
 word yp. Ecc.3:ll. 7:2.12:13. 
 2Chr. 20: 16. Joel 2: 20. Root PIlD. 
 
 ?jiD, emph. j(5iD, Chald. idem. Dan. 
 4: 8, 19. 6:2^7. 7:28. 
 
 tX^'O to cease, to come to an end. Is. &Q: 
 17. Est. 9: 28. (In Syr. and Chald. 
 idem.") 
 
 Hiph. to cause to cease^ to put an 
 end to any thing. Zeph. 1: 2, 3. Jer. 
 8: 13 tZJD''D^^ PlbJ< I will surely con- 
 sume them,. For the infin. pleon. the- 
 kindred form ^"0^ is here employed; 
 comp. V\'0^ no. 4. (Comp. Is. 28 : 
 28.) 
 
 Vj'^D Chald. idem^ applied to the fulfil- 
 ment of a prophecy. Dan. 4 : 30. 
 (Comp. the kindred verb n'^s no.7.) 
 
 Aph. to put an end to any thing. 
 Dan. 2: 44. 
 
 fl'lD m. a reed ; particularly {\.)thc sea- 
 grass.^ quHog^fucus. Jon. 2:6. Hence 
 jrjriO-a^ the sea ofreeds^ i.e. the Red 
 sea, Ps. 106: 7, 9, 22. 136: 13. In 
 Egypt this seagrass is called sari ; 
 
 58 
 
 hence the sea is called the sea of 
 Sari. See Michaelis Supplem. ad 
 Lex. Heb. p. 1726. Jablonskii O- 
 pusc. ed. te Water, T. I. p. 266. 
 Bocharti 0pp. T. II. p. 1191. 
 (2.) a reed found in the Nile, also 
 called by the Egyptians sari. Ex. 
 2:3,5. Is.l9:6. Plin.H.]Nr.xiii.23.45. 
 (3.) proper name of a place. Once 
 Deut. 1: 1. 
 
 nS"lD f. verbal from PjlDjdec.X.a vi- 
 olent wind, hurricane^ whirlwind. Job 
 21: 18. 27: 20. 37: 9. Prov. 10: 25. 
 Is. 17: 13. WithJi paragogic nnDTD 
 Hos. 8: 7. 
 
 1^0 , fut. n^D^, with 1 convers. 'nO^I. 
 
 1 . to turn away, to depart ; con- 
 strued with 'Jtt, Ex. 32: 8. Judg. 16: 
 17. Gen. 49: 10. with t=J2>X3, 1 Sam. 
 18: 12. with ^^'73, Num. 12: 10. 14: 
 9. 1 Sam. 28 : 15. with "^inN^, 1 
 Sam. 12: 20. 2 K. 10: 29. 18: 6. 2 
 Chr. 25: 27. with a, Hos. 7:14. with 
 an accus. 2 Chr. 8:15. Prov. 11: 22 
 tlD^'D rr^D without discretion.^ liter. 
 recedens mente. Used absolutely to 
 signify (l.) to depart {from the ways 
 of God,) to decline., degenerate. Ps. 
 14:3. Jer. 5: 23. Deut. 11:16. Dan. 
 9: 11. (2.) in a passive sense, to be 
 removed. 1 K.15:14 ^^& J^b n^?32S^^ 
 and the high places were not removed. 
 22: 44.2 K. 12:4. 14:4. 15:4.comp. Job 
 15: 30 T^s rtmz ^:iD- he is taken 
 away by the breath of his mouth. 
 
 2 to be gone., to pass away. 1 Sam. 
 1 5: 32 the bitterness of death is past. 
 Hos. 4: 18. Job 15: .30 'n^O'^ i<b 
 tJ'?Jn '^172^ he shall not escape from 
 darkness, i. e. from calamity. 
 
 3. to turn in or lodge with any one, 
 construed with ^N. Judg. 4: 18. 18: 
 3, 15. Gen. 19: 2, 3. 
 
 4. to approach to any thing. Ex. 
 3: 3 nN^lwNiT N*:-MnC>J< / will ap^ 
 proach and see. Verse 4. Ruth 4: 1. < 
 1 K. 20:39. Construed with )^y, 22: 
 32. Also to have access, 1 Sam.22: 14 
 ^ri'/2UJX5 ^i^ ID "I and having access 
 {like him) to tJiy private mtdience. 
 
Hiph. n"^!:!!, fut.1''D;, with 1 con- one, construed with s of the person, 
 vers. -0";2 (as in Kal.) 1 Sam. 26: 19. Job 2*: 3. Jer. 43: 3. 
 
 1. to turn away. Deut.7: 4. Hence n*^D m. dec. I. a garment. Once Gen. 
 (1.) to take off, e.g. a ring from the 49. jj, ParaU.Ui::b. Sept. Ti^p^^oAi 
 
 finger, Gen. 41: 42. the head of any ,^ , . d ' L _.*^ u 
 
 * .' , 1- * 1 Vulg. mmwm. Prob. i.q. n^03 by an 
 
 one, 1. e. to cause him to be execu- ^ h "^t j 
 
 ted, 1 Sam. 17: 46. 2 Sam. 5: 6. 16: aphaeresis of D, like ''^-5 for ^^^D3, 
 
 9. (2.) to put ojf one's clothes. Gen. b^z for ^^H"^, etc. although no other 
 
 38: 14. (3.) to take away, remove; example is known, in which initial 
 
 e. g. the altars of the idols, 2 K. 18: Caph is dropped. The Samaritan 
 
 4. the necromancers, 1 Sam. 28: 3. text has the full reading mOD. 
 
 the curse Josh. 7: 13 :^r\^ to draw or drag away, e. g. a 
 
 2. to let 'AX\y \hm^ he brought, cow- * -\ ^7 
 strued with T^'^iS: to ouc's self. 2 Sam. dead body. 2 Sam. 17: 13. Jer- 15: 3 
 g. jQ ' *' (I will send) ^hwb cnb^in-nN dogs 
 
 Hoph. "-iDin pass. Lev. 4: 31. to drag them away. 22:19. 49:20. 
 Ban. 11: 31. (Arab. v_<.s:-u to draw, e. g. a gar- 
 
 Pil. nn-i D i. q. Hiph. to cause to nient on the ground.) 
 deviate, to turn aside. Once Lam. 3: nDHD f found only in the plur. Jer. 
 
 ,v,^ ., , , . , ., , 38: 11,12. torn srarments. {Root ^12}^ 
 
 )-iD 1. part. pass, driven out, exiled. , ' , * j\ 
 
 I .r 01 , ..*'; . J io drag, prob. also to tear, rend.) 
 
 Is. 49 :21 rrmOT nrr, a captive and ^' ^ ' ^ 
 
 exile.-'Aho in an active sense, Jer. J^nD <o u>i;?c or sweep off. Only in 
 
 17: 13 Keri """nO those who have de- , i "^ ^ 
 
 parted from me ^'^' ^^^^- ^^'' ^- (^^^^- ^"^^^ ''^'''*' 
 
 2. prob. the wild shoots or tra^ic/ie. ^>J-: f ^"^ f , ^^"^^' ^^^'^^- ^^'^l^' 
 of the vine, liter. t./iai .%eeraie.. 'H^ < t^'^/i.) Hence 
 
 (Comp. :;-^D rfro5s,from :J1D.) Jer. "^HD m. verbal from nriD, sweepings, 
 
 2: 21 iip.3: ]?.i).ri ^i:]0 wild shoots jiuh, dirt, metaphorically something 
 
 of a strange vine. of little worth. Lam. 3: 45. (Chald. 
 
 3. name of a gate of the temple. ii<n*nD dirt, mud.) 
 
 Once 2K 11: 6. In the parallel .^^-f^-'g (i ^ , 
 
 passage 2 Chr. 23 : 5, it is called *^ ' ! t; ^ ^ 
 
 ''\iO';ri 'IV'^ the gate of the founda- passage Is. 37: 30, ^^T}'^^) that which 
 
 tion. grows tip of itself the third year after 
 
 t^^0 or rr^D in Kal not used. sowing. Comp. T3"'2D. Sept. in the 
 
 TT* u -*^^ 1 .^^b- ri oo book of Kings avrouara. Aqu. and 
 Hiph. n''Dn, also n^D^l (Jer. 38 ; rnu j t u ' "^ x? 
 ^ ' ^ 1 heod. in Isaiah avxocfjvr]. For an 
 
 22.) fut. n*D;,also n^D:,part. n^D^, illustration of the thing, see Strabo, 
 (comp. Y\i from "J^^.) xi. p. 767 (aliter 502.) 
 
 1. to take or drive away ; con- i)\XO 1- to throw down, as in Syr. 
 strued with "j^ , to take or drive g^^ ji^jph 
 
 away from any place. Job 36 : 18 2. to inundate, spoken of a rain. 
 
 p^2 "]r\^t)] 1?. lest he take thee Prov. 28: 3. (So in Arab.) 
 away with his stroke. 2 Chr. 18: 31. Niph. prosterni. Jer 46: 15. 
 
 Job 36: 16. ^ '^TiO to go or move abmt, {in Chald. 
 
 2. to ur^e, induce, persuade. Josh. ~ ^ . _ _ 
 
 15: 18. Judg. 1:14. 2 Chr. 18: 2. ^' I- ^5?-) Jer. 14 : 18. To pass 
 
 Particularly to entice to evil, to se- through or traverse a land, construed 
 
 duce, Deut. 13: 7. 1 K. 21: 25. Job with an accus. Gen. 34: 10, 21. par- 
 
 36: 18. ticularly for the sake of traffic, Gen. 
 
 .3. tQ excite or stir up against any 42:34 n'^non ynNrj ni<1 and ye 
 
nn& 
 
 459 
 
 3^D 
 
 may traversfi or traffic in the land, ^h^^ masc. plur. i. q. uD'^DilJ sins^ 
 
 Hence part, ^nb a travelling: mer- '" . ^^^ t^ 
 
 chant or trader, a pedlar, Gen 23:16. tramgremons Ps. 101: 3. Root t3 VdJ 
 
 37: 28. ^!r73n ^-^nb /ie merc/m/it. o/ ^' ^^ ""^/^ '^^ ^^^^^^' ^^ **^- 
 
 the king, i. e. the 'agents which he ^"^P "^- verbal from :i^D, Ezek. 22:18 
 
 employed to make purchases, 1 K. Keri,and plur. a"'^^D, dross,recremen(, 
 
 10:28. 2Chr. 1: 16. Spoken of nav- 
 igators, Prov. 31: 14. Is. 23: 2. In a 
 Btill more general sense Is. 47: 15 
 ^"]nrib those with whom thou hast had 
 intercourse. -Fern. n*inb a female tra- 
 der, Ezek. 27: 12, 16,*! 8. 
 
 Pilp. In^lnO to flutter, palpitate, 
 spoken of the heart. Ps. 38: 11. 
 
 Deriv. out of course *inD?3. 
 *inD m. verbal from 'IHO, dec. IV.a. 
 
 1 . a place of trade, mart, emporium. 
 Is. 23: 3. 
 
 scoria, the baser metal which is sepa- 
 rated from the purer in smelting. (See 
 ir^nz.) Ezek. 22 : 18, 19. Is. 1 : 22, 
 
 25. *Prov. 25: 4 7\'0'^12 tD'':*"'^ i^n 
 
 'AT T 
 
 separate the dross from the silver. 26: 
 23 HH'^a^D y]D.3 silver-dross, i. e. un- 
 refined silver. It is once written in 
 the singular a^D Ezek. 22: 18 Keth. 
 and in the plural many manuscripts 
 and editions have tDT^D, Is. 1: 22, 25. 
 Ezek. 22: 18, 19. (For this commu- 
 tation of the forms, see e. g. Q'^pt.) 
 
 2. something acquired by trading, ]yO m. Esth. 8: 9. the third month of 
 
 merchandise. Is. 45: 14 '^^3 ^UO the \he Hebrew year, which corresponds 
 
 merchandise of Ethiopia ; comp. to part of May and part of June. 
 
 Prov. 3: 14. ^iooi perhaps Chald. rriO to rejoice; 
 
 *)nD m. verbal from 'nno, dec. VI. c. hence pleamre-month. 
 
 1. something acquired by trading, 'j^in'O m. proper name of a king of 
 merchandise. Is. 23: 18. the Amorites in Heshbon. Numb. 
 
 2. a?i acgiasiiiow generally, rrov.3: 21-21 ^^3 P*; 135-11 
 14 P]D5 ^nD72 n-inonit: '^'S for the ^w^ /,.,' ''',' 
 
 .-.. 'x'. .^'~ , , ^ j^O Vmer. mire; comp. the Aram. I^D 
 acquisition oj it is better than that of ^ 
 
 silver, i. e. it is better to acquire it, |.jLaiO,) Ezek. 30: 15, 16. the pro- 
 
 than to acquire silver. 31- 18 
 
 nin<D f- verbal from 'nnc , dec. X. 
 
 traffic, trade ; and used as a con- 
 crete, a trader. Ezek. 27: 15 rTlhO 
 
 ^i;i i- q- ^ti; "^l"^ verse 21. thy 
 traders. 
 
 ninb f. a shield. Once Ps. 91:4. 
 
 The root 'nnO i. q. ilSD to surround, 
 
 has here the idea of protection; 
 
 comp. \ Z^>^ii) a tower, citadel, and 
 
 per name of a strong city in Egypt, 
 according to Jerome Pelusium (per- 
 haps from the Greek Tir]k6g,) in A- 
 
 rab. *^A;j.l3 {the miry,) on the east- 
 ern boundary of Egypt, and defend- 
 ed by the swamps which lie round 
 it. Hence ]^D ^2^^ Ex. 16: 1. 17: 
 1. Numb. 33: 12. the desert of Sin, 
 a part of Arabia deserta, towards E- 
 gypt, between Elim and mount Si- 
 nai. 
 
 *^^b. Hence not exactly a round ^'}^^ a gentile noun. 
 
 shield, as Jahn supposes, (Archaeol. 
 II. 2. p. 404.) 
 n^inb f. Est. 1 : 6. a substance em- 
 ployed with several species of mar- 
 ble for making a pavement. Sept. 
 TTugtvog Xid^og. Better perhaps 
 tortoise-shell, (comp. r7"^nb,) accord- 
 ing to Hartmann (Hebraerin, Th. 3. 
 p. 353.) Others : black marble, comp. 
 Syi;. itri^inUJ lapis niger tinctorius. 
 
 1. a people in the country of Leb- 
 anon. Gen. 10: 17. 1 Chr. 1 : 15. 
 Strabo (xvi. p. 788. aliter 1096.) 
 speaks of a city there called Siima, 
 in Jerome (Quaest. Hebr. in Gene- 
 sin) Sine, according to Breidenbach's , 
 Travels, (published in I486,) p. 47. 
 
 a village Syn. See Michaelis Spici- 
 leg. Geogr. Exter. T. II. p. 27. 
 
 2. tD-'pD VlNi Is. 49: 12. a land 
 
Ta 
 
 460 
 
 135 
 
 very distant from Palestine. From 
 the context, it appears to be situ- 
 ated to the south or east, Sept. iz 
 ytjg Tlegaolv. As a southern coim- 
 try, it has been compared with ]''D 
 Pelusium^ and Sip.lD Syene^ but these 
 are merely cities, and not sufficient- 
 ly remote. It were better to un- 
 derstand it of an eastern country, 
 perhaps China^ Arab. /^jj,a^, Syr. 
 
 , |.aJLj. with 22. It is by no means 
 
 improbable that together with X[^12 
 Scythia and I'^ri India^ the Hebrews 
 may have heard at least of the name 
 of China^ as a very distant country. 
 
 *^3'^0 , usually '21 D '"Hi mount Sinai^ a 
 well known mountain in Arabia de- 
 serta, consisting of two peaks, of 
 which the lower and western is prop- 
 erly called i'lin, (though now known 
 by the name of Sinai^) the higher 
 and eastern peak is the proper ^3"'0 
 (now mount Catharine-}) The Ara- 
 bians call it Jehel Musa {the mount of 
 Moses.) Ex. 19: 11, 23. 24 : 16. 34: 
 2, 4. See Bellermann^s Handb. 
 der bibl. Literatur, Th. in. p. 229. 
 Hence '3'^D 1?"]^ the desert about 
 Sinai, Ex. 19:1,2". Lev. 7: 38. Num. 
 1: 1,19. 9:1. 
 
 (D'^D simllow. Jer. 8: 7 Keri. In the 
 Kethib O'D q. y. 
 
 N'lw'^D in. {order of bailie., comp. the 
 
 Syr. I ZfCaxiX?,) Sisera, a general un- 
 der Jabin, king of Canaan. Judg. 4 : 
 2 if. Ps. 83: 10. 
 
 n^Db^'D Dan. 3 : 10. Jn the Keri 
 n*": 5^3 TO q. v. 
 
 I. "n^O (perhaps from "inD Hiph. re- 
 
 movit.) 
 
 1. with the plur. d"'-, a thorn. Is. 
 34: 13. Hos. 2: 8. Ecc.*7:6 (first oc- 
 curr.) Nah.l:10 D-^sno d'-j^O ^^ ^D 
 
 for as thorns, i. e. as a thorn-hedge, 
 J. they are folded together, a description 
 of great wickedness, (comp. Mic. 7: 
 4. Ezek. 2: 6.) 
 
 2. a fish-hook, angle ; from its sim- 
 ilarity to a thorn. (Comp. nin a 
 thorn and a hook.) Plur. ni, Am.4:2. 
 
 II. I'^D com. gen. (Jer. 1: 13. Ezek. 
 
 24:^ 6.) 
 
 1. a pot, kettle, caldron. (Root 
 mo prob. Arab. Aj^ to boil xmth an- 
 ger.) Ezek. 11 : 3, 7. "^iiJsir; "r^D a 
 flesh-pot, Ex. 1G:3. Ecc. 7: 6 b^ps 
 
 ^^on nnn C2"'n"on as the 
 
 crackling of thorns under the pot ; 
 (comp. Ps. 58 : 10.) Plur. nil-'D 
 Ex. 38: 3. 1 K. 7: 45. 
 
 2. a basin. Ps. 60 : 10 "'^trjl -l^d 
 my wash-basin. 
 
 'TjD m. a multitude of people. Once 
 
 Ps. 42:5. (comp. Talmud, and Chald. 
 T|D summa, collectio, cmnplexus.) 
 '^b m- with sufif. T3D, once 13^0, ver- 
 bal from ^^D no. II. dec. VIII. d. 
 
 1. a booth, tent, dwelling. Ps. 27: 5. 
 76:3. 
 
 2. a thicket, as the covert of the 
 lion. Ps. 10: 9. Jer. 25: 38. 
 
 nSD fern, of Tjb, dec. X. 
 
 i. a booth, tent, tabernacle, made of 
 boughs and bushes. Jon. 4: 5. Is. 4: 
 6. nisStl ^n the feast of tabernacles^ 
 Lev. 23: 34. Deut. 16 : 13. Am. 9: 
 1 1 . by way of contempt for a small 
 house. 
 
 2. ft hedge, enclosure, for cattle. 
 Gen. 33: 17. 
 
 3. a shelter, shed, dwelling, gener- 
 ally. Ps. 31:21. Job 36: 29 the noise 
 of his {God's) dwelling. Ps. 18: 12. 
 
 4. a thicket, as the dwelling of the 
 lion. Job 38: 40. 
 
 m^O {booths) 1. proper name of a 
 
 city in the tribe of Gad. Josh. 13:27. 
 Judg. 8:5. 1 K. 7 : 46. For the 
 derivation of the name, see Gen. 33: 
 17. niSd p/2y Ps. 60:8. 108:8. 
 prob. ager Succoth,the field ofSuccoth. 
 
 2. also of the first encampment of 
 the Israelites in their march out of 
 Egypt. Ex. 12:37. 13: 20. Num. 33: 
 5. Plhiy (H. N. VI. 29.) mentions 
 there a place called Sucha. 
 
 3. ni:2 niSD 2 K. 17: 30. {booths 
 of the daughters) an object of idola- 
 trous worship among the Babyloni- 
 ans. According to the most com- 
 
v^ 
 
 461 
 
 ^5D 
 
 mon opinion, they were small tents 
 or booths^ in which the Babylonish 
 maidens devoted themselves to the 
 service of Milytta ; see Herod. 1. 199. 
 Strabo xvi. p. 1081 or 743. 
 
 Tl'^'^O^ f. dec. I.i. q. ^b or nsD, Am. 
 5: 26. a booth or tabernacle^ which 
 the Israelites are said to have carri- 
 ed about in the wilderness with them 
 in honour of an idol ( ^'r^J, ) per- 
 haps an imitation on a small scale of 
 the tabernacle of the congreg-ation. 
 Diodorus Siculus (xx. 25.) mentions 
 a similar oy.i^i'?] te^d in the camp of 
 the Carthaginians. 
 
 D'^'^SD an African people, mentioned 
 
 Hoph. to be covered. Ex. 25 : 29. 
 37:16. 
 
 Pilp. ':]t)pO most prob. to arm. 
 
 (Comp. Arab. ^^**^ totum se operuit 
 
 armis ; ^^^>^mj anna, panoplia ; and 
 
 I^Xaw to fasten gates with iron.) Is. 9: 
 
 10 jClDD^ ''"'^?^ ^^.) ^^ h^ will arm 
 his enemies. 19 : 2 ilj'JIii:^ "TilDDiD 
 tD'^'^ii'?^!: / xeill arm the Egyptians 
 against the Egyptians. Others: to min- 
 gle or join together.^ (comp. T|5D no. 
 
 Deriv. ^D?:, "^^^V. 
 
 Ps, 139 : 13 ';2N yo^z *:2t:n thou 
 hast woven ov formed me in my moth- 
 er^s womb. Comp, Job 10: 11. Oth- 
 ers : to cover, protect ; as in no, I. 
 
 Hiph. TjDrt to hedge, construed 
 with 'lys, to hedge round. Job 3: 23. 
 38: 8. 
 
 Deriv. ^b, rrSS, n^SD. 
 
 2Chr. 12: 3, along with Lybians and ^^' "^--^ '' *! "^'^ ^"^ 1^'^ toweave. 
 
 Ethiopians. Sept. and Vulg. Troglo- 
 
 dytce. 
 
 I. 'TJ^D (once ^5ti Ex. 33: 22.) 
 
 1. to cover, spread over. Ex. 40:3. 
 for the most part construed with i:i% 
 (comp. the synon. il03,) 1 K. 8: 7 
 -,ni^ll-by C^t^rrt ^3b^2 a7id the 
 cherubim covered the ark, liter, they j 
 covered over the ark. Ex. 25 : 20. 37: r^'O '^^ ^'^^ "<^t used. Syr. to be fool- 
 ish. Comp. by transposition bD3. 
 
 Pi. to make any one appear foolish, 
 to frustrate. 2 Sam. 15:31. Is.'44: 25. 
 Comp. rbin. 
 
 Hiph. liter, to make foolish ; joined 
 with rj:^_, to act foolishly. Gen. 31 : 
 28. also without this addition, 1 Sam. 
 26: 21. (In Aram. Aph. idem.) 
 
 Niph. 1. to act foolishly. 1 Sam. 
 13:13. 2Chr.l6:9. 
 
 2.to sin. 2 Sam. 24: 10. 1 Chr. 21: 
 8. Comp. 'p*^D3, b^l, and other sy- 
 nonymes. The root b^tJ is not to be 
 confounded with this root. 
 
 9. comp. Ezek. 28: 14, 16. Constru- 
 ed with two accus. Job 40:22 nnSp"^ 
 Vrbii tD'^bcNij?. the shady trees cover 
 him with their shadozo). 
 
 2. to hide or conceal one''s self 
 Lam. 3: 44 ]:yi niDD thou conceal- 
 est thyself in a cloud. Verse 43. 
 
 3. to protect, construed with b. 
 Ps. 140: 8. Part. ^DtD something 
 which protects or defends, a moveable 
 roof employed by assailants, vinea. 
 Nah. 2: 6. 
 
 Hiph. ^Dlri i. q. Kal, to cover, pro- 
 tect ; construed with 'r^^', Ps. 5 : 12. 
 with !:, Ps. 91: 4. 1-^b:\n'^Sr7 1 Sam. , 
 
 24: 4. Judg. 3: 24. to cover one's feet, !?30 m. verbal from Vsi5, dec. IV'. a. 
 
 according to Josephus (An.ic,. vi. ^-/^^ft y.; j^^ 4^ '22. 5^ 2I. Ecc. 
 
 14.) and the ialmudists an euphe- q. jy .y. j^ 
 
 mism for to obey a call of nature. lJI " ,*, - -, 
 
 Less applicable is the explanation of ^?? "' ^"^^^^^ irom'^^'O, folly, and as 
 
 the Syriac and Arabic versions in a concrete,/ook Ecc.lO: 6. 
 
 Sam and of Josephus (Antiq. v. 4. n^V^DD f verbal from b:DD,/o%, an 
 
 ^ 2.) to take rest, to sleep. See, how- : - .^ ?*/ ^' 
 
 ever, J. D. Michaelis Supplem. p. Aramean word. Ecc. 2:3, 12, 13. 7: 
 
 1743.GlassiiPhilol.Sacra,ed.Dathc, ^5. 10 : 1, 13. Once n^!::D'D 1:17. 
 
 p. 891. {Syr. idem.) 
 
8^13 
 
 462 
 
 M^D 
 
 I. pD, fuf. )bt\ 1. <o & usefid.prof- 
 itable ; construed with b. or ^?. Job 
 22:2. 35:3. Without cases, Job 15:3. 
 
 2. intrans. <o receive profit^ to be 
 profited^ proficere. Job 34: 9. 
 
 3. to take care of^ to nnrse^ to man- 
 w^c, derived from signif. no. 1. Part. 
 J^b oixoi'Oftog^ a steward^ one set 
 over the royal palace^ Is. 22: 15. Fern. 
 n:pb a nurse (of the king,) 1 K. 1: 
 
 2,' 4. 
 
 Hiph. 'j-SCJ^ 1. to be wont^ to be 
 accustomed. Num. 22: 30. 
 
 2. to be or become acquainted with 
 any thing. Ps. 139: 3 "^^-^^-^^ 
 nr^^Spll thou art acquainted with all 
 my ways. Pa rail, to know. Job 22: 
 21 1732? ^ti-' J^dDm acquaint thyself with 
 him. 
 
 II. "jwC as in Chald. to be in danger. 
 
 Niph. idem. Ecc. 10: 9. 
 
 III. pD, Pu. IISG^S Is. 40: 20 (if the 
 punctuation is correct,) i. q. is*?^ 
 jjoor ; hence n?3n^n '^'z^iyn he who 
 is too poor for an oblation. 
 
 I. IjD i. q. ^I'O to shut up. (Syr. and 
 
 Arab, idcm^ In Kal not used. 
 
 Niph. to be shut vp., to be stopped. 
 Gen. 8:2. Ps. 63: 12. 
 
 Pi. i. q. '15 D and "^"^ASll to deliver 
 
 up. Is. 19:4. 
 
 II. llDD i- q- '^^'J io hire., to bribe. 
 Ezra 4: 5. 
 
 PiO in Kal not used. 
 
 Hiph. to be silent. Once Deut.27: 
 9. (Arab. ^SLa conj. I. IV. idem. 
 Samar. to attend.) Sept. aiwnu. Vulg. 
 attende. 
 ^D m. plur. D'^"!?D? <^^^-^^^^- ^- o^^ci^^^^- 
 Gen. 40: 17. Ex. 29:3, 31. Corap. 
 
 i^Vw (i. q- J^'^y '^ ^^'ay) the proper 
 name of a place not far from Jerusa- 
 lem. 2 K. 12:21. 
 
 fi^^D prob. strictly i.q. ^bo to raise up^ 
 
 hence to hang the balance., to weigh. 
 Comp. i<'^2 Job 6: 2. and in Lat. pen- 
 
 deo.,io /iag,with pendo.,to hang the bal" 
 ance., to weigh. Only in Pual, Lam.4:2 
 TS3 D''i<"lrD72?l to be weighed.^ i. e. to 
 be compared, with fine gold. See 
 JlbD no. I. 
 
 ^T^D prob. i. q. Chald. ibiD to bum., to 
 
 be consumed. Found only in Pi. Job 6: 
 10 nb^nn n^bDwNli although I be con- 
 sumed with pain. Sept. 7]V,ofi^]v^Yu\g. 
 saliebam ; (comp. (AXjo to leap., 
 spring.) Others : to Jmrden one^s self; 
 (comp. Arab. Oskjo durafuii terra.) 
 
 I. JiVD i- q- NbvD to weigh. 
 
 Pu. Job 28 : 16 CsniDi JibDD f55 
 1"'DlJt it shall not be weighed^ i. e. 
 valued, with gold of Ophir. 
 
 II. TvPO as in Aramean, to reject., de- 
 
 spise. Ps. 119:118. 
 Pi. idem. Lam. 1:15. 
 JlbO {Milel) a musical term, very 
 
 frequent in the Psalms, besides which 
 it is found in Hab. 3: 3,9,13. It 
 usually occurs at the end of a period 
 or strophe ; but sometimes at the end 
 only of a clause, as in Ps.55:20. 57:4. 
 Hab. 3 : 3, 9. In the explanation of 
 this difficult word, it is undoubtedly 
 safest to follow the usus loquendi of 
 the Hebrew dialect Derived from 
 the Hebrew nbO, (whence nbo, af- 
 ter the form J^Dz, Hj^H. and with Tt 
 parag. lr.bp.,)it would signify an eleva- 
 tion of the voice, (as was long ago ob- 
 served by Kimchi, Lib. Rad. Venet. 
 5340. p. 327.) and so perhaps be a 
 sign for changing the key or for re- 
 peating the tune some notes higher. 
 See Forkel's Gesch. der Musik, Th. i. 
 p. 144. and Herder's Geist der hebr. 
 Poesie, Th. 2. p. 376.) So the Sept. 
 dtuipul^a, i. e ^uXovg dtuXluyrj., 
 (see Schleusner's Nov. Thes. V. T.) 
 Another explanation,joaj<5e, as if from 
 
 the Syr. ]3^ quievit, is uncertain, be- 
 cause this Syriac word corresponds 
 to the Heb.^ nb'J q. v. although the 
 letters D and '<D are sometimes inter- 
 changed, (see the letter D.) 
 
 Others regard it, not as a proper 
 word, but as an abbreviation con- 
 
bbo 
 
 463 
 
 Cl^D 
 
 tiiining the initial or most important 
 letters in several words ; such ab- 
 breviations, furnished with vowels, 
 being very common among the mod- 
 ern Jews and Arabians. The deci- 
 phering of the word on this princi- 
 ple must be very arbitrary. The 
 two following have been proposed, 
 TOlj tlbs'.Tab ^b redi sursum^ cantor^ 
 {da capo:,) b'ipn riiZ'^'h, '\'n^0 signum 
 mutandce vocis. The use of abbrevi- 
 ations among the ancient Hebrews 
 has, however, never yet been prov- 
 ed. Comp. Michaelis Supplem. p. 
 1760. See Rosenmiilleri Comment, 
 in Psalm. T. I. p. lix. Noldii Con- 
 cord. Particul. Heb. p. 940. ed. 
 Tymp. Eichhorn's Bibl. der. bibl. 
 Literatur, Th. 5. p. 542 ff. 
 *]'lVO. m.a thorn,brier. Ezek.28:24.Sept. 
 (Jxo'Aoi//. (Chald. lrD, Nn^'^D, Arab. 
 
 ^j^*^ thorns of the date-palm.) 
 
 jiVO m. dec. I. Ezek. 2:6. 1. q. the 
 preceding article, but taken figura- 
 tively. Comp. tZD-'Z-npy. Others : 
 despisers.^ scorners^ as if from p'^D = 
 Slbo no. II. 
 
 n^D, fut. r(it>^^, to forgive, construed I^- 6:*9. Sept. jca.oraAAa. Vulg. car- 
 
 with a dative. Ex. 34: 9. 1 K. 8: 31, Lk "' j xri i 
 
 34, 36, 39. ^rj?, ^' ^^^- ^^' ^ 
 
 Niph. to be forgiven, spoken of 
 sin. Lev. 4:20, 26,31. 5: 10, 13. 
 Deriv. out of course tirr^bp. 
 n>D m. verbal from tibo , forgiving, 
 
 ready to forgive. Ps. 86: 5. 
 tin'^^O f. verbal from nbO, dec. X. 
 
 forgiveness. Ps. 130: 4. Plur. Neh. 
 9: 17. 
 
 niD^O proper name of a city on the 
 
 borders of the kingdom of Bashan, 
 Deut. 3: 10. Josh. 12:5. 13: 11. 1 
 Chr. 5: 11. 
 
 7!?D 1. to raise or lift up. See Pilp. 
 
 Comp. bib^, hVo. 
 
 2. to raise, throw, or cast up, Jer. 
 50:26 tZ3^n5>-i^D ni^D cast her 
 up as heaps. Particularly 
 
 3. to raise or build a way by throW' 
 
 ing up dirt, aggerare, aggesto aggers 
 planare. (Comp. D^l Is. 49: 11.) Is. 
 57: 14. 62: 10. Prov. 15:19. Jer. 18: 
 15. Job 19:12 t=l3-\T ^b:^ ^bt'^Mhey 
 raised for themselves a way to me. 30: 
 12. Without ^^."7, Ps. 68 : 5 :}>b 
 build ye {the way.) 
 
 Pilp. to raise up, exalt. Prov. 4: 8 
 InV.pbO exalt her {wisdom.) 
 
 Hithpo. bb.inD!i , denom. from 
 fl^bb , to make one's self a wall, to op- 
 pose one's self, construed with 2. Ex. 
 9: 17 ^2>'2 bbinp^. *^y)V thou yet 
 opposest thyself to my people. 
 
 Deriv. nbbb, n>D73, cbD,hbo?3. 
 
 T'O'70 f. verbal from b\0 , dec. X. a 
 mound, 'trench, rampart, Jer. 33: 4. 
 Particularly one thrown round a be- 
 sieged city by the enemy, 2 K. 19: 
 32. Ezek. 4:2. 2 Sam, 20: 15. Comp. 
 
 uTp m. a ladder, flight of stairs or 
 
 steps. Gen. 28 : 12. (Arab, idem.) 
 Root, bbo, with the termination D- 
 
 m^D^D fern. plur. baskets, i. q. b*'^D. 
 
 1. a rock. Often metaphorically, 
 Ps. 18: 3 VbD JlilT; Jehovah is my 
 rock. 31: 4. *42: 10. * 
 
 2. proper name of the ancient 
 capital of Edom, afterwards called 
 Petra, whence Arabia Petra;a has it& 
 name. 2K. 14: 7. Is. 16: 1. Relandi 
 Palaestina, p. 926951. 
 
 3. also of a place in the northern 
 part of Arabia. Judg. 1: 36. 
 
 t2#?bD m. a fourfooted, winged, edi- 
 ble species of locust. Once Lev. 11: 
 22. Root Chald. D^bq to consume^ 
 i. a. 5>b2. 
 
 ipjD found only in Pi. 
 
 1. to pervert. Ex. 23:S'^'111'n ^\T1, 
 ^''^''1^ and it {the bribe) perverts 
 the cause of the righteous. Deut. 16 : 
 19.. 
 
^^D 464 nDD 
 
 2. to turn up^ destroy^ (a way ;) those that uphold Egypt^ the allies of 
 comp. rjDri. Prov. 19: 3 tZD^kN n!:ni< Egypt. Construed with \^ Ps. 145: 
 iS^l P]VDri t/ic yb/Zy of a man turns 14. Part. pass. ^^^D supported, i. e. 
 wjo /m tjyay, i. e. makes it uneven. firm, unshaken, Ps. 112: 8. Is. 2G: 3. 
 
 3. to overthrow, evertere. Job 12: 4. to mpport or sustain any one 
 19. Prov. 21: 12. 13: 6. 22: 12. with any thing, construed with two 
 
 &^D m. verbal from ^\0, rudeness of ac^^- ^^en. 27 : 37 Uii-^ini '^rV] 
 
 '"*, ^ . K . ^ .. ^H, T'nrDl^p -with corn and wine I have 
 
 speech. Prov. 15:4. Oppos. t^r^ ^^;^^. ^ -^ ^.^^ p^ ^^^ ^^ 
 
 jlUib mW Zan^j/a^e. 5^ ^^ ^^^^ ,^e^^^ ^r^ek. 24 : 2. 
 
 2. perverscness, falsehood. Prov. 1 1: (This signification is derived from no. 
 
 3. Oppos. tizar). 1 . to rest on anj^ thing,h ence in Rab- 
 
 PVD Chald. to mount up. Dan. 7: 3, ^^"^^ ^^ ^^ ./^"^^^ ^ '^^^ ^ ^^ ^^^n 
 
 r^ ; ^ ' ^V20 near.) 
 
 8, 20. Pret. pass. ide7n Dan. 2: 29. ^/ j^^ ^^ ^^ ,;.;,or^ecZ, Judg. 16:29. 
 
 Ezra 4: 12. In byr. and Samar. idem. ^^ ^^,^^^^.^ ^^^^,^ ^^/^^ p^^ ^1^ ^? I^^ 43. 
 
 Ti^O com. gen. (masc. Ex. 29 : 40. o. Metaphorically 2 Chr. 32: 8. 
 
 fem. Lev. 2 : 5. and often, probably Pi- to refresh. Cant. 2: 5. (Comp. 
 
 because the n was erroneously re- . ^?^-) . 
 
 garded as a feminine termination,) 7^20 and 7!2D m. a?i image, statue. 
 
 dec. VI. p. mea/. Ezek. 16:13, 19. 1 ''\ ^ '''' . . ^, 
 
 Chr. 9: 29. Gen. 18 : 6.~D^t:n nrb Ezek. 8: 3, 5. Deut. 4: 16 2Chr.33: 
 
 ' ' So y ' '^.^J ^P.?.? where rpQ denotes 5^- 
 
 u-Aeai meal, Ex. 29: 2. (Arab, v^1a ^w^ sculptum, and i^^D twwf^o. The 
 
 barley^ peeled barley, al(fitu, from etymology is uncertain. 
 
 waXm^ ^o TOaA:e 6are, io peel off. In -^j;^ see "[tSDJ. 
 
 Chald. ND^^D idem, whence the ' " "^ ' - : 
 
 verb n^p'^o sift meal) "1^_? ^^ ^"^^^^ *^"^^- P^' ^ ^9' ^^0. 
 
 CD found only in the plur. D-^^O sweet ^}- ^^'fl ^jf^. ^, f f^, ^ ^^^' 
 
 - -^ ^ . spoken of the hair. Job 4: 15. 
 5/>ice5. Ex. 30. 34. a-'72Drr n"^i:p tn- 
 
 cezi.6 0/ m-ed .j.ice., eV 30:7. " 40: ^^?. ^- J^^' ^^^ f^" f ^; ^^^^ ^^^^^^ 
 
 tc ^ or bristly hair, 6^{^6d^gi, an epithet 
 
 27. Root tZiJ2':5 Arab, j^.;^^ to *meZ/. of the insect p!r.:: . 
 
 "lIlDD m. prim, a vine-blossom. Cant.7: Jli^DD proper name of a city in Ju- 
 
 12" *2: 13,15. (In Chald. and Syr. dab* Ezra 2: 53. Neh. 7: 38. With 
 
 idem.) the article, Neh. 3: 3. The root {<3D 
 
 *n'DD, fut. ^7:0". 1. to lay or rest on in Aram, is i. q. Heb. N:a to hate. 
 
 any thing; as in the phrase n^ ^JCD D'^^i^.'? ^(^nballat, proper name of a 
 
 r? to lay the hand on any thing, Ex. Persian governor in Moab. Neh. 2 : 
 
 29:10,15,19. Lev 1: 4. 3:2. 8:14. jo. 4: 1. 6:1,2,12,14. 13:28. 
 
 Am. 5: 19 l^rj b^ in; ^7^01 and ^ . ' ' , 7 r.^ 
 
 , .17-7 7 ./ ;; ; 1 iIjD m. prim, a bush, a thorn-bush. Lx, 
 
 he rested his hand upon the wall, spok- 'r.^. ^ ' 
 
 on of one that had fled to his own 3. ^ ^ Deut. 33: 16. (Syr. \a^ 
 
 house and supported himself by the 
 
 wall of his dwelling. ^j^;; ^ ^ ^^i^^. 
 
 2. intrans. to he om any one. Ps. *"^'"' -^^'*"' ^'^ *^ " i' 
 88 : 8 '^n^jn M^^^D "^ry thine anger larly tAe se/ma bush.) 
 
 lies hard on me. iHDD proper name of a rocky cliff over 
 
 3. to uphold, support. Ps. 37: 17, *. _^ , ^ _ ^ a a r \c ..>^ 
 24. 54: 6 Ezek.30: 6 Q-lsa ^=5:0 agamst Gibeah. 1 Sam. 14: 4. (As aa 
 
^:P0 465 fp 
 
 appellative, perhaps a height., hill, 2. a branch. Is. 17:6. 27:10. See 
 
 if'' niD^'D. (These two significations 
 
 from Ux to raise up.) ^^^ }^^^^ ^^jted in the Arab. nS^O 
 
 5*^*1130 masc. -plur. blindness. Gen.l9: p, ^ ^^ 
 
 1 L 2 K. 6:18. Root Chald. quadrilit. ^^*^ ^^^^ "^^^ ^"^ ^'''''^'^ ^^ * 
 "^ir.D to blind., dazzle. commutation of 13 and D.) Hence 
 
 !3'^inDD Sennacherib, king of Assyria, Tj^O in Pi. a denom. from ^^2^0 no. 2. 
 about the year 720 before Christ, ^o cut of branches. Is. 10:33. 
 (2K. 18: 13. 19: 1636.) in Herod. 1D'^S>*D masc. plur. divided opinions, 
 (ii. 141.) .SavuyuQiog. He was " ' * 
 
 murdered by his two sons in the ^^^^^^ parties. (Root P^^D = <_^;:c 
 temple of Nisroch. to divide.) 1 K. 18: 21 how long 
 
 Q*^2D3D masc. plur. Cant. 7:9. branches ^^^^ V^ ^^2^'^ ^n^ h'J between two 
 or lances of the palm-tree. Prob. kin- ^^~ ' i.e 'between the service 
 dred with a^>D:D baskets, and of Baal and the service of Jehovah, 
 tD^'lTTbt fmrfrik " ' ~ " r?,V. ^^^^' P^^^- P- 119- 113- per- 
 
 "T^3D m. a fin. Lev. 11:9. Deut. haps the hesitating or sceptical in re- 
 14.9* ligion. Luther: the light-minded. 
 
 .^^ ' * ,, . * 41 . .. Others : the foolish or maJ, i. e. the 
 
 DD m. a moth, an msect^ that eats ^j^k^^ . ^^^p Arab. ^U;:^ mac^- 
 
 clothes. Is. 51: 8. (Syr.j.Qar, Arab. ness, violent passion. 
 
 5 -> niE;^0 plur. fem. branches. Ezek. 31: 
 
 ^j^j^ a moth, a corn-worm, a louse, g^ g. bomp. Pj-'^'D and ns^-D. 
 
 or the like. In Greek a//?.) .--.^^ ^ '.', ^-!- 
 
 i-ifi^-^ r 4. ^..^^ 1 ^ V ^ )^C ^' ^^ ^^""^ '^'^^h violence, to rase : 
 
 "3?g, iut. "li'D^. 1. to stay, sustain, - t ' "s"^ ' 
 
 HoUu,^ P;;i8:36^ Prov. 20: 28. I. TemTes: Hab.iria""- ' ^ "' ''' "' 
 9: 6. Hence to aid, assist, support, a *^ z,^ ^o^ a v u iM- i 
 
 P^ 90-3 41-4 94-18 ' ^^ ' 2. to be tossed about, by affliction. 
 
 2. nb 'lyD io siay the heart, i. e. to Ar;K ^ j. j j- . ^ 
 
 ^ - " ; , , .' ^ , JNiph. to be moved or disquieted. 
 
 refresh the stomach, by taking food. by fear. 2 K. 6: 11. 
 
 (Seerib no. 1.) Gen. 18: 5 l^i;D Vi. '\V'ojo disperse oy scatter 2i^eti^ 
 
 tZ]w2V refresh yourselves by food. Ps. ^\q, Zech. 7: 14. 
 
 104: 15. Judg. 19: 8. Intrans. 1 K. Poal, to be blown away, spoken of 
 
 13:7 T\yro refresh thyself (Comp. stubble. Hos. 13: S. Comp. ^^^. 
 
 in:?.?:.) ^^p m. verbal from ^^D, dec. VI. c. 
 
 Deriv. "^^JjOIZ- a storm, tempest. Jon. 1: 4, 12. Jer. 
 
 ^5?^ Chald. to help, aid, assist, con- 23:19. 25:32. 
 
 strued with J:. Ezra 5: 2. "^1^^. ^' ^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^c- XI. d. 
 
 n^D found only Ps,55: 9 nift m"! a idem. Is. 29 : 6. also {Tn^p n^^ Ps.- 
 Ir^eeping tempest. Arab. ' ";:o <o 107: 25. Ezek. 1: 3. and ni^irD n^-, 
 , , , ^^ , Ezek. 13: 11,13. (See ^^^p aad 
 
 run, to rush, spoken also oi a violent JiiyxLJ.) 
 storm. "" 
 
 n-^ra m dec I ^r ^' ^^^^ ^"^- '^^' P^"^' ^'^^' ^^<^- 
 
 ' : * * VIII. f 
 
 1. a>5i<re, cie/f. i'^DJl q-^^D a c/e/j j^ ^/^^ threshold. Judg. 19: 27. 2 K. 
 
 f/ ^/ic roc/r, Judg. 15:8, 11. Plur. 12:10. (In Chald. and Samar. 
 
 B'^yrSn "^crD the clefts of the rocks, idem.) See the denom. 5]Sinp!n. 
 
 Is. 2: 2*1. 57: 5, 2. a basin. Ex. 12 : 22. Zech. 12: 
 59 
 
nSD 466 pSD 
 
 2. Plur. to"^-, Jer. 52: 19. and ni, 1 Hithpa. i. q. Niph. construed with 
 
 K. 7: 50. ' 2. 1 Sam. 26: 19. 
 
 1DD, fut. 'ifeC'^, to mourn^ lament^ be- II. Hi^D i- q- HS'^ Arab. ^Aa. 
 
 tjyaii; particularly for one dead. i. to pour out. See Piel. 
 
 Zech. 12: 12. The person lamented 2. to anoint. (Comp. ^52 , S.vr. 
 
 is preceded by ^, 1 K. 14: 13. Gen. ' -' ' 
 
 23: 2. by br, 2 Sam. 1 1 : 26. once by *-^r^ ^^ i^owr out ; Aph. <o anomi 
 
 'rjcb, 2 Sam. 3: 31. Is. 32 : 12, ac- a.nd induct a bishop.^ 1 Sam. 2: 
 
 cording to the usual reading uhera 36 n^sn:::! nnw\ bi$ N^2 "'^ncD a;?- 
 
 plangunt, but the true reading is point me, / />ray t^ee, in some priest- 
 
 prob. lD^I'^; so that this passage f'nr- hood. 
 
 nishes no support to the sense plane- P'^- to pour out. Hab. 2: 15. 
 
 tus^ as a gesture of grief. On the riHED f. the scab. Lev. 13: 2, 6. 14; 
 
 contrary this word denotes rather a ^q ^j^^ ^^^^^ I3. ^ g g^^j^^j ^ 
 
 moMr?ifMt noise, comp. Mic. 1: 8. Jer. , ,, , "" ' *, t ] . i, 
 
 22- 18 34- 5 ;3face on mc /zeaa occasioned by 
 
 Deriv 'i'^D^J ^^^^ *^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ' ^^"^P* Hl?.^- 
 
 I. r\Z^ 1. perhaps i.q. 7(0^^ to snatch H'^SJO m. verbal from nso no. II. lit- 
 t/;,.VeeNiph.no. 1. ' er. e#j.57im ; hence 
 
 2. to take off the beard. Is. 7: 20. . ^ ^ ^ ^-^^^^ ^^^^^^'^ f ^*^^*^ ^^ , / 
 <o <a/ce a^ay life, Ps. 40: 15. to de- f' the second ye^r after a Jield has 
 
 5^roy,Gen.l8:21,24. tTj'Tn l^n ^'KIJ^'^^'' 
 
 3. intrans. to be taken away, to per- 29. Is. 37: 30. Comp. UJ^nO. 
 ish. Am. 3:12. Jer. 12:4. Ps. 73:19. 2. an overflowing. Job 14: 19. 
 
 Niph. 1. to be snatched up, to be H^SD f. a ship. Once Jon.l: 5. (Syr. 
 
 ''7.t ferhLGen. 19:15. Particu- and Arab. zWem.) Root ^?D <o cover 
 larly in battle, 1 Sam. 12: 25. 26: ^'^^^ ^^^'^'' 
 
 10. 27: 1. 1*^0 m. plur. t3^-., dec. I. a sapphire. 
 
 Hiph. <o 6rm^ ^o^-e^/'er, to heap up. Ex.28:18. 39:1L Job 28:6, 16. Ezek. 
 
 Deut. 32: 23. Sept. ovvu'eo}. Others 1: 26. (Syr. ^jlLL, Chald. Vs'^D.) 
 
 place this under no II. addam.^ ^^ ^ ^ ^^^^^ j ^, 
 
 IT n^w i. q- ^D"^, found only m the ^ . 
 
 II. .iw 4 |u,, J 25.6:38. (In Chald. and Talmud, 
 infin. msp (a mode which is wanting ^^^^ g^^ Bocharti Hieroz. I. p.549.) 
 to the verb flD"^ in Kal,) to add. Is. ^^ 
 
 ' -' , '^ ,, ISO, fut. :eS^ . 1. to coi;er, contignare^ 
 
 30: 1. Particularly to ctcZf? to any ' r' ' ^ 
 
 thing, to increase it. (See Plt:^ no. 2.) construed with two accus. 1 K. 6: 9. 
 
 Num. 32: 14. The imper. '^CD Is ^^3. ^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^ 
 
 29: 1. Jer. 7:21. may be formed with ^^^^ j j. ^. ^ j^^. ^q; 14. Hag.l:4. 
 
 equal ease from qD\ 3^0 conceal, lay up, like the kin- 
 
 'J'^ED i- verbal from "JSO, covering dred forms "joii: and "jCli. Deut. 33:21 
 
 of the temple. 1 K. 6: 15. pSS pph^: ^ii^n tD^T ^3 for there 
 
 ni'lED f- verbal from '^SO, dec. X. is the portion of the leader laid up. 
 
 mber. Ps. 71: 15. " . ^^"^- ^^^ of course nrso , 
 
 a nun 
 
 t^ED. 
 
 I. nSD in Kal not used. Prob. i. q. ^X'Z^'' , , . ,,.., -,^t^^ 
 * -X uED found only m Ilithpo. ;iCinprT, 
 
 Tit:^ and >[QH to add. ':^ . ^^ . . j .7 .1. " / 
 
 / . . , denom. from 5]D, to stonrf on me mres/i- 
 
 Niph. to be joined, to cleave, ad- ^^ ^^ ^^ ^ doorkeeper. Ps. 84: 11. 
 
 /ierc ; construed with rS". Is. 14: 1. j ^w->* ... ^i.^- 
 
 Pu. to be mthercd. Job 30: 7. 1- P^^? ' l^'^' \'^H'' 
 
-)S:tD 
 
 467 
 
 ns^D 
 
 1. to smite. Particularly ( I.) b? b 
 "^"^^ to smite one'^s self on the thigh^ as 
 a gesture of displeasure and grief. 
 Jer.31:19. Construed withbN, Ezek. 
 21:17. [21:12.] comp. II. xii. 162. 
 XV. 397. Od.xiii. 198. (2.) -nw\ pDD 
 fi'jES to smite the hands together ; as 
 a gesture of displeasure. Num. ^4: 
 10. Construed with bi", as a gesture 
 of contempt, (comp. Lat. explodere 
 aliquem^) Lam. 2:15. Job 27 : 23, 
 (where 31 MSS. read it with UJ.) 
 Without D*;D3, idem., Job 34: 37. In 
 some passages it is written with 'vU. 
 
 2. to chastise., spoken of God. Job 
 34 : 26. 
 
 ll. pSO, Syr. uHaiC, to vomit. Once 
 Jer. 48: 26. 
 
 ptjD dec. VI. g. abundance.^ siijfficientia. 
 Job 20: 22. Root pst?. 
 
 *1SD, fut. ^2D"^. 1. to count, number. 
 Gen. 15: 5. Lev. 15: 13,28. 
 
 2. to write. (From signif. no. 1. 
 comes to enumerate., relate., tell ; (see 
 Pi. nos. 2. 3.) whence to write., comp. 
 2 Chr. 2:10 Sn^q n73.Nf^l anci he an- 
 swered in writing ; comp. fi^'^j^ to call 
 and to read. It is not necessary then 
 to derive this verb from the Arab. 
 
 r^^ scalpsit., or to make l^p a de- 
 nom. from "ICD a book.) Found only 
 in the part, ncb a writer., Ps. 45: 2. 
 Ezek. 9: 2, 3. "Particularly (l.) a se- 
 cretory of state., an important officer 
 of the crown, who gave out commis- 
 sions in the name of the king. 2 
 Sam. 8: 17. 20: 25. 2 K. 12: 11. 19: 
 2. 22: 3 flf. (9.) in the later writings, 
 one skilled in the scriptures^ one learned 
 in the law., yga^fnixniig. 1 Chr. 27: 
 32. Ezra 7: 6. Ezra bears this name, 
 Neh. 8: 1 if. 12: 26, 36. Ezra 7: 11. 
 (3.) in a military sense, an inspector 
 general^ who had the charge of re- 
 viewing and recruiting the army. 
 Jer. 37: 15. 52: 25. 2 K. 25:19. comp. 
 2 Chr. 26 : 1 1 . Is. 33 : 1 8. In Judg. 
 5: 14, it appears to have a more ex- 
 tended signification and to denote a 
 general, a military leader. 
 
 Niph. to be numbered^ counted. Gen. 
 16: 10. 32: 13. 
 
 Pi. 1. to number., count., i. q. Kal. 
 Job 38: 37. Ps. 40: 6. 
 
 2. to relate., tell. Gen. 24: 66. 40:9. 
 Particularly to announce with commen- 
 dation^ to praise., Ps. 19: 2. 78: 4. 
 Job 28 : 27 then did he {God) see it 
 {wisdom^) and made it known (in his 
 works.) 
 
 3. used absolutely, to speak., to talk, 
 sermones facere. Ps. 64 : 6. 73: 15. 
 Hence 69:27 ^"^20^ T^'^.-.H ^^^'^ -^'* 
 concerning the pain of thy wounded 
 they speak, (with pleasure.) 
 
 Pu. 1SD pass, of no. 2. to be relat- 
 ed, told. Ps. 22: 31. Job 37: 20. 
 Deriv. out of course ^Sp'? , 
 
 "^0 m. Chald. 1. a writer, scribe. Ez- 
 
 ra 4: 8, 9, 17, 23. here the royal 
 scribe which attended the governor. 
 
 2. one learned in the scriptures. Ez- 
 ra 7: 12, 21. 
 
 1^0 m. with sufT. "^nCD, plur. C'^SD, 
 
 const. ""IDD, verbal from *1DD , dec. 
 
 vi.g. ;' 
 
 1. writing, scriptur a. Is. 29: 11,12 
 "iDOn i'^.T"* one who miderstands 
 writin<r. Dan. 1: 4 D"''ni2J3 "li^^n ^DO 
 the writing and language of the Chal- 
 deans. Verse 17. 
 
 2. a writing, something written ; 
 spoken of a bill of sale, Jer.32: llff. 
 of a written accusation, Job 31: 35. 
 of a bill of divorce, Deut. 24: 1, 3. 
 Of course 
 
 3. a6ooA;. Ex.l7:14. rTlin;! 'ncD 
 the book of the law. Josh. 1:8. 8: 34. 
 also called -^CD-n'^;73 the volume of 
 the book. Ps. 40: 8. D'^'n nsD the 
 book of life, in which the living are 
 written down before God, Ps. 69 : 
 29. comp. Dan. 12 : 1. Rev. 20 : 
 l2, 15. D^-)SD Dan. 9:2, the {ho- 
 ly) scriptures, roc yQa^fAaia, which 
 were perhaps already united into a 
 volume before the writing of the 
 book of Daniel. p'^nDD nrh^ Ecc. 
 12: 12, to make books, used by way 
 of contempt. 
 
bpb 
 
 468 
 
 1 1 
 
 "i& 
 
 vative signification, like Jns t, S]^;c. Is. 
 5: 2. Joined with ll^ii^., 62: 10. 
 
 Pu. pass, to be stoned. 1 K. 21: 14, 
 15. 
 
 ^iD, fern. tl^lD, dec. VIII. k. discontent- 
 ed.^ displeased.) sullen. 1 K. 20: 43. 21: 
 
 ^\ 
 4, 5. (Root "n^lD Arab. r**j to be 
 
 evil., here, as in German, signifying 
 
 , ^ .to look evil or displeased.) 
 
 present themselves tor comparison ^^^ / ..i_ t^ . . \ i 
 
 are (l.) Saphar of Pliny (vi. 23.) ^1^? "^- ^^^^^ *^^^^*^ impure) dec. I. 
 
 refractory.^ rebellious. Ezek. 2: 6. (in 
 Syr. and Chald. idem.) On account 
 of its connexion with a"':V:rS and 
 d'^z'^p", some Jewish commentators 
 have rendered it thorns or nettles^ 
 (comp. ?inD to burn.,) a very suitable 
 interpretation, if it were only better 
 
 4. a letter^ an epistle. 2 Sam. 11:14. 
 *^5{D Chald. plur. ]'^")35, a book. Ezra 
 
 4: 15. Dan. 7:10. 
 "ISO m. verbal from 'ntD. 
 
 1. a numbering. 2 Chr. 2: 16. 
 
 2. Gen. 10 : 30. (with T\- local 
 Jl^CC) a boundary of Joktanitish A- 
 rabia, probably on the south. (See 
 J<"i73.) The names of places which 
 
 *lN!:c Ajub of Abulfeda, a city in 
 
 the middle of Yemen. (2.) Dofar., in 
 the mountainous district, and near the 
 northern boundary of Yemen. Neith- 
 er of these places corresponds per- 
 fectly. 
 
 7 "ISD found only Obad. 20. name of ^ , 
 
 ' -^ . -^ supported. 
 
 a country, where some of the Israel- U;r,-^0 m. Chald. wide Persian hosen 
 tish captives lived. Vulg. Bosphorus. 
 
 The Syr. Chald. and modern He- 
 brew commentators, Spain. Both 
 of these explanations are undoubt- 
 edly false, but nothing more certain 
 can be substituted in their place. 
 Some have conjectured Sipphara., 
 but the Hebrew for this is probably 
 
 Tr\lj'0 iem. of -ICD, a book. Ps. 56: 9. 
 D'^I'^SD 2 K. 17:24. 18:34. 19:13, 
 
 Is. 36: '19. 37 : 13. a city under the 
 government of the Assyrians, whence 
 colonists were sent into the country 
 of Samaria. Prob. 2^L7iqa(ja, in Me- 
 sopotamia, on the Euphrates. The 
 gentile noun is O"'!')??? 2 K. 17: 31. 
 and also 2"''^ 50 again in the same 
 verse in Kethib. 
 ^T^'O to stone J construed with an accus. 
 
 or breeches. Dan. 3: 21, 27. (in Syr. 
 Arab, and Chald. idem; but in Aram, 
 used also for a wide garment of any 
 
 kind. Pers. r[^^^ by transposition. 
 
 This article of dress has passed 
 with its name into the western 
 languages, as in Greek oagu(3agc(., 
 accQoci^ukka^ GaQunuQai ; in Lat. 
 sarabara^ saraballa ; in Span, cerou- 
 las ; in Hungarian and Sclavonic 
 shahvary., in Polish sharmvari.) 
 "Jl^lD proper name of a king of As- 
 syria. Once Is. 20: 1. He was prob- 
 ably the predecessor of Sennacherib, 
 as his general Tartan was also gen- 
 eral under Sennacherib. Others sup- 
 pose Sargon to have been another 
 name of Sennacherib. (For its appel- 
 lative signification, comp. Pers. 
 20*2^ fMd prince of the sun.) 
 
 bf the person. Ex. 19: 13. 21:28 
 
 Frequently with the addition D":nN3, p|-)jj f, verbal from ^^D. 
 
 Deut. 13: 11. 17: 5. 22:24. Comp. 
 
 the synonymous verb DJi"l. 
 
 Niph.'pass. Ex. 19: 13^ 21: 28 ff. 
 
 Pi. 1. as in Kal, to stone., to over- 
 wlhelm with stones. 2 Sam. 16 : 6, 13. 
 
 2. to free from stones., with a pri- 
 
 1 . ft deviation from the law., a sin. 
 Deut. 19: 16. 
 
 2. particularly declension or apos- 
 tasy from Jehovah. Deut. 13:6. Jer. 
 28: 16. 29: 32. Is. 1:5. 31: 6. 59:13. 
 
 3. cessation^ intermission. Is. 14:6. 
 
p& 469 
 
 niD 1- to pour oui^ to stretch out. Am. 
 
 nniD 
 
 wagons, were fastened to the wheels 
 and turned round with them. 
 
 2. princes^ used exclusively of the 
 five princes or lords of the Philistines, 
 in their five principal cities. Josh. 13: 
 3. Judg. 3:3. 16: 5 ff. 1 Sam. 6:4 ff. 
 
 6 : 4, 7. Intrans. Ezek. 17:6 )^^ 
 nn'^b vitis late fusa. 
 
 2. to he superjluous., to hang over., 
 redundare. Ex. 26 : 12. Part. pass. 
 tl^"lD redundans., verse 13- Ezek. 23: 
 15 D^btint: "n^^p "with long turbans 
 hanging down., redundantes mitris. 
 
 Niph. to be poured or shaken out. 
 Metaphorically Jer. 49 : 7 ^in'lGS n^^^lD f- dec. X. a branch, bough, i. q. 
 Dri?3Dn is their wisdom poured out ? ^ * ~ , , '" ^ 
 
 ^^^^'^ I. M- ^^'L ^ ^^^'^' Ezek. 31:5. (Syr. ^i^|-iD 
 
 n jO m. verbal from n^D, a superjiu- ' ^ -^ ' 
 
 , . , . ~ * T^ ^^ to sprout, shoot. For the insertion of 
 
 tty, something hanging over. Ex. 26: ^^ gee the letter -\.) 
 
 *,u^J^ . ,;^^: A T . r'^O^ ^" Aramean orthography for 
 
 ^VnO 1. q. 71^^^, dec. I. a coat of * - -r o r j 
 
 ^ * ' ' P]^^ to burn. Part. Pi. 7\^OJ2 the 
 
 'J >c^^ 
 
 6: 8 ff. 29: 6. Comp. Arab, e.^3 
 axis, polus ; (2.) dominus, princeps, 
 quasi cardo populi.) 
 
 mail, a brigandine. Jer. 46: 4. 51: 3. 
 ^^'^0 m. const. O'lnp, plur. D"'p"'np, 
 
 const. ^D'^'^D and ''0'^^,^^, Syr. |.iaji.iD. 
 
 1 . an eunuch. Is. 56 : 3, 4. (Root 
 
 Arab. (^J'^f^ impotens esse ad vene- 
 
 rem.) Eunuchs were employed par- 
 ticularly as keepers of the harem, 
 (Est. 2 : 3, 14, 15. 4 : 5.) but also in 
 other capacities, Est. 1: 10, 12, 15. 
 
 D^p^-)Dri ^-y Dan. 1 : 3. or ^^ 
 tI3"'0''"\DJl verse 7 ff. the prince of 
 
 the eunuchs, who had the charge of 
 the noble youths. Hence 
 
 2. a courtier, chamberlain general- 
 ly, only that we are unable to de- 
 cide in particular cases whether the 
 original idea is retained or lost. 1 
 Sam. 8:15. 1 K. 22 : 9. 2 K. 9: 32. 
 20: 18. 24: 12, 15. 25 : 19 (where a 
 O'^ID is placed over the men of war.) 
 Jer*. '34: 19. 41: 16. Especially Gen. 
 37: 36. 39: 1. where the D-'nO is 
 married. 
 
 *TI1D, plur. 1'^p*)^, Chald. an o-cerseer, 
 prefect. Dan. 6 : 3 ff. (in the Tar- 
 gums for "1C31T2:.) It is here employ- 
 ed of the three ministers which were 
 placed over the governors of the 120 
 provinces of the Persian empire. 
 
 'jID dec. VI. a. found only in the plur. 
 D*':'lp, const. 'D^^p. 
 
 1. an axle-tree. 1 K. 7: 30. In an- 
 
 burner (of human corpses,) the kin- 
 dler of the funeral pile. Am. 6 : 10. 
 Comp. particularly n5*n\p. 23 MSS. 
 of Kennicot and several others of De 
 Rossi read ?]nu). 
 'ISID m. Is. 55: 13. name of a plant, 
 
 which cannot be determined with 
 certainty. Sept. Theod. Aqu. xovv- 
 C. Vulg. urtica. 
 
 "l^lD to be refractory, rebellious, per- 
 verse; spoken of animals, Hos. 4: 16. 
 of a son, Deut. 21: 18, 20. Ps. 78: 8. 
 Jer. 5 : 23. Neh. 9 : 29 V\r>;D q^n^i 
 n'll'^.^ they showed a rebellious shoul- 
 der, i. e. they conducted themselves 
 penersely. Zech. 7: 11. Jer. 6 : 28 
 tZJ^'nnb ""no falling off to the rebel- 
 lious. Often used of a people which 
 rebels against God, Is. 30 : 1. 65 : 2. 
 Ps. 68: 19. Is. 1: 23. Hos. 9: 15. 
 
 iriO , in Keri I Tip, m. winter. Cant. 
 2: 1 1. (In Aram, and Arab, idem.) 
 
 ^i^'O 1. to stop up, e. g. wells of wa- 
 ter. 2 K. 3 : 19, 25. 2 Chron. 32: 3, 4. 
 2. to close up, to keep secret. Dan. 
 8 : 26. 12 : 4, 9. Part. pass. tZD^nD 
 something concealed, a secret. Ezek. 
 28: 3. 
 
 Niph. to be closed, spoken of breach- 
 es in a wall. Neh. 4: 1. [4: 7.] 
 
 Pi. i. q. Kal no. 1. Gen. 26: 15, 18. 
 See anu;. 
 
 elent times axletrees, especially in "ITO to hide or conceal one^s self In 
 
nn& 
 
 470 
 
 inb 
 
 Kal only Prov. 22 : 3 Kethib. The 
 keri is "^np:, as in 27: 12. 
 
 Niph. 1. to be concealed. Job 3:23. 
 Construed with )J2, Ps. 38: 10. Is. 40: 
 27. Gen. 31: 49 when we shall be con- 
 cealed., i.e. separated, yVoOT each other. 
 Hos. 13: 14 repentance is hidden from 
 mine eyes., i. e. I experience it not. 
 Also with '^:S73, Deut. 7:20. with 
 'pDp/q, Jer. 16 : 17. with 1^.?73, Am. 
 9:3 Part. nT"inp: secret things^ 
 Dent. 29: 28. secret sins., sins commit- 
 ted ignorantly., Ps. 19:13. 
 
 2. to hide one^s self. 1 Sam. 20: 5, 
 19. Construed with -j^, Ps. 65: 13. 
 and with ^:s^, Gen. 4:* 14. 
 
 Pi. to hide., conceal. Is. 16: 3. 
 
 Pu. to be concealed., secret. Prov. 
 27 : 5. 
 
 Hiph. 1"*rpir: 1. to cover., to hide; 
 followed by Sz)^:s the face. Ex. 3: 6. 
 Either from shame, Is. 53 : 3. or so 
 as not to see, Ps. 10: 11. 51 : 11 
 \NtJn72 T|'^:s '^^.P-'l hide thy face 
 from my sins., i. e. overlook them. 
 Spoken particularly of Jehovah, as 
 a mark of displeasure or anger, Ps. 
 30: 8. 104: 29. Construed with p of 
 the person, Ps. 22: 25. 27:9. 88:'l5. 
 Used elliptically Is. 57 : 17 ^n5>\ 
 ?]ipC!k'1 "iPpn / smote them {the peo- 
 ple^) I hid {my face) and was angry. 
 
 2. to hide., to keep secret or conceal- 
 ed ; construed with ]'3 from any 
 one, 1 Sara. 20 : 2. with ^zpp, 2 K. 
 
 11:2. Job 3 : 10 '3''i>?;. r)::^ "^rip!! 
 nor hid sorrow from mine eyes., i. e. 
 did not deliver me from it. 
 
 3. to protect., defend. Ps. 31 : 21. 
 27: 5. 64 : 3. 
 
 Hithpa. innpil to hide one''s self 
 
 1 Sam. 23: 19. 26: 1. Is. 29: 14. 
 Deriv. out of course n^nDTs, -iinD'a. 
 
 "inO Chald. found only in Pa. 
 
 i. to conceal. Part. pass, secret 
 things^ Dan. 2 : 22. 
 
 2. to destroy. Ezra 5: 1 2. (In Syr. 
 Pe. and in the Targums, idem. This 
 signitication is connected with the 
 preceding. Both signify to remove 
 out of sight. See ^np and TTl^n.) 
 HilO , with suff. ^")np, verbal from 
 
 "inD, dec. VI. g. 
 
 L a covering. Job 22 : 14. 24: 15. 
 Ps. 81:8 Qy^ "^npr "^ th^ covering 
 of thunder., i. e. in the thunder clouds. 
 Ps. 18: 12. 
 
 2. secrecy., a secret place or thing. 
 Judg. 3: 19 inD"'l5*l something se- 
 cret. 1 Sam. 25 : 20 -inn 'nnp a se- 
 cret place of the mountain. u3tl^ 
 tZj^'^np breadin secret., Prov. 9:17. 
 inDs in secret., secretly^ 1 Sam. 19:2. 
 
 2 Sam. 12 : 12. 
 
 3. a shelter., protection. Ps. 32 : 7w 
 91: 1. 119: 114. 
 
 niTiD fem. of ^rp no. 3. a shelter.^ 
 protection. Deut. 32: 38. 
 
471 
 
 Dip 
 
 Ain^ the 16th letter of the alpha- 
 bet, and as a numerical sign denoting 
 70. The name ]'^y signifies an eyc^ 
 and has reference to the round form 
 of this letter in the Phenician alpha- 
 bet. 
 
 The Arabians have two letters 
 corresponding to the Hebrew and 
 Aramean Ain^ p and p, the former 
 
 a soft guttural, the latter a ^ or gh^ 
 pronounced from the throat with a 
 rattling sound peculiar to the orien- 
 talists. These two sounds probably 
 existed in the Hebrew as a living 
 language, though perhaps less defi- 
 nitely marked than in Arabic. Hence 
 some Hebrew words spelt with y, 
 (as is the case also with n,) have 
 two different significations, accord- 
 ing as the corresponding word in Ar- 
 abic is written with c or p ; e. g. 
 
 T:X2'J Arab. C s^C to seize, and J-D5? 
 
 Arab. V /or . to cover ; comp. the ar- 
 ticles :s?5i: and 5?ni5^., nuj^', iri:y. 
 The Sept. expresses it sometimes 
 by a spiritus lenis or asper, and 
 sometimes by y ; e. g. pV^^^, *A^ia- 
 
 Ain is interchanged (l.) with {>?, 
 (see p. 1.) (2.) rarely with :j, D and 
 (only in Chald.) with p; e. g. yiiz 
 i. q. i'^D, S^lJ ^^ springy to stream } 
 Ny"lcN and J<p*^J< the earth : ifJ2t and 
 pl2p to hear ; (3.) with y, more fre- 
 quently than with the last mentioned, 
 especially in the collation of Arame- 
 an words, in which ^ often stands for 
 the Hebrew y ; e. g. y-^it, m'"^C 
 the earth ; ^'322, ^12V wool ; p^^T, "p'^V 
 to press. In Greek, comp. ohyog 
 and oXtCog ; qvyo), Cffvycu.^ and gu- 
 C(XM, (fv^rifAv. The cause of this re- 
 markable change lies perhaps in the 
 pronunciation of y like D:? ghs.^ from 
 
 which the flat pronunciation of the 
 Arameans left out the sound of D and 
 retained only that of y. 
 
 ^"^ m. an architectural term, prob. a 
 threshold., forming the entrance to a 
 colonnade or temple. 1 K.7:6. Ezek. 
 41:25. Plur. Q-'sy idem., verse 26. 
 
 ^y com. gen. (masc. Is. 19: 1. Ecc. 
 11: 31. fem. 1 K. 18:44.) const, iy, 
 plur. tD^n:^, "'n:^-, and nhnv. 
 
 1. darkness. (Root i^y or S'^S? 
 q. V.) Ex. 19: 9 ID^rj ^'-l^ in, the dark- 
 ness of a cloud. Ps. 18: 12. 
 
 2. a cloud itself Job 36: 29. 37: 
 11, 16. 
 
 3. a thicket of a wood. Plur. D'^i^ 
 Jer. 4:29. 
 
 "7^3?, fut. nhJ';:. 1. to labour. Ex. 20 : 
 g'^hyn Q"'X3;; D'^d six days shalt 
 thou labour. Deut. 5: 1 3. Ecc. 5: 1 1 . 
 (From this signif is derived the 
 Chald. "iny i. q. T^^^ to make, do : 
 and the derivatives TSi?, "lii*??.) 
 
 2. to labour upon, to cultivate., con- 
 strued with an accus. of the thing. 
 E. g. the ground, Gen. 2:5. 3:23. 4:2. 
 a vineyard., Deut. 28 : 39. Is. 19:9 
 tD'^nUJD '''l^3> those who cultivate flax. 
 Ezek. 48: 18 ^''i^n-"73":> those who 
 labour on the city., i. e. in building the 
 walls. Elliptically Deut. 15: 19 thou 
 shalt not labour {the ground) with the 
 Jirstling of thy bullock. 
 
 3. to labour for another., to serve. 
 Construed with an accus. of the per- 
 son, Gen. 27 : 40. 29 : 15. 30 : 26. 
 with ^, 1 Sam. 4: 9. 2 Sam. 16: 19. 
 with Crf, Gen. 29: 25, 30. Lev. 25 : 
 40. Also with ""lisb, to serve before 
 any one, 2 Sam. 16: 19. Spoken 
 likewise of a whole nation, to serve 
 or be tributary to another nation, 
 Gen. 14: 4. 15: 14. With two ac- 
 cus. Gen. 30 : 29 ^'^.Nt nN n2?'i;; 
 
 ^^n^^? '^^ow knowest what service I 
 have rendered ihee. 
 
 4. construed with 2, to impose la- 
 
1TJ 
 
 472 
 
 -ns? 
 
 hour or service on any one. Lev. 25 : 
 
 39 'in^* mni' ^z nn^n ^"b thoushalt 
 
 "iT -J -; 
 
 noi /y on him the service of a bond- 
 servant. Verse 46. Ex. 1:14. Jer. 22: 
 13. 25:14.30:8. Hence we may 
 explain Gen. 15: 13 ^-^'-J Q^^n^^T 
 CDHN they {the Egyptians) shall im- 
 pose service on them {the Israelites) 
 and shall afflict them. The suflix pro- 
 noun tID may be resolved into tZ3, 
 (comp. Job 6: 4. 31: 18. Ps. 42: 5^) 
 
 5. to serve^ worship, (Jehovah or 
 idols.) Construed with an accus. 
 Ex. 3: 12. 9:1,13. rarely with ^ , 
 Jer. 44: 3. Judg. 2: 13. Job 36: 11 
 iniy;^') r\:;72'P1 CDN; if they obey and 
 serve {God.) 
 
 6. to offer, to present, (to God.) Is. 
 19 : 21. Construed with two accus. 
 Ex. 10:26. Comp. the Greek fp- 
 d\ii}, ^tCo), the Latin facio^ and Tr^V 
 Ex.10: 15. 
 
 Niph. 1. to be laboured. Deut. 
 21 : 4. 
 
 2. to be cultivated. Ezek. 36: 9, 34. 
 
 3. to be served, honoured. Ecc. 5:8. 
 Pu. 1. to be laboured. Deut. 21:3. 
 
 Comp. 15: 19. 
 
 2. pass, of Kal no. 4. 2 12^ labour 
 is imposed on any one, Is. 1 4: 3. 
 
 Hiph. 1. causat. of Kal no. 1. to 
 cause to work, to keep at work. Ex. 1. 
 13. 6:5. 
 
 2. causat. of Kal no. 3. Ezek. 29: 
 18. Hence to make tributary, Jer. 
 17:4. 
 
 3. causat. of no. 5. 2 Chr. 34:33. 
 
 4. to weary out or fatigue by hard 
 labour, to weary out in any way. Is. 
 43: 23, 24 ':]^r)i?it]n2 "^:ni5;^.ri ^J< 
 hut thou hast wearied me by thy sins. 
 Parall. ?''5iJ-l. 
 
 Hiph. i. q. Kal, to serve. tD'^23;^l 
 thou shalt serve them, Ex. 20 : 5. 23 : 
 24. Deut. 5 : 9. and tZJ^liS?: we will 
 serve them, Deut. 13: 3. Others con- 
 sider this as an uncommon form of 
 the fut. Kal. 
 *712? Chald. to make, do, i. q. Heb. 
 niy. Dan. 3:1, 15. 2^|^ "122? to 
 make war, Dan. 7:21. Construed 
 with 2, Dan. 4: 32. [4 : 35.] and D^, 
 
 Ezra 6:8. to treat or deal with any 
 one. 
 
 Ithpe. to be made, to take place, to 
 happen. Ezra 4:19. 5:8. 7 : 26, 
 Dan. 3 : 29. 
 
 Deriv. nnr;, ^<'^.'2y. 
 "115? m. verbal from n22>, dec. VI. a. 
 a servant. Gen. 9 : 25 &^n25[ n25> 
 a servant of servants, i. e. a most ab- 
 ject servant. Particularly (l.) a ser- 
 vant (of the king,) a courtier, a mil- 
 itary officer. 1 Sam. 16: 17. 18: 22. 
 22:6. 28:7. (2.) a servant {o^ GoA,) 
 an honourable title of pious and holy 
 men, as of Moses, Deut. 34. 5. Josh. 
 1 : 1, 13, 15. of Joshua, Josh. 24:29. 
 Judg. 2 : 8. of the prophets, Jer. 7 : 
 
 25. 26:5. 29: 19. 44: 4. of Job, Job 
 1:8. 2 : 3. 42 : 8. of David, Ps. 18 : 
 1. 36: 1. 89: 4, 21. more rarely of 
 pious men generally, Ps. 113:1. 
 134:1. 34:23. 69:37. This phrase 
 is used in a different sense Jer. 23: 9. 
 27: 6. where it is applied to the king 
 of Babylon, as an instrument in the 
 hand of God. (3.) The phrase thy 
 servant is employed by inferiors in 
 conversing with their superiors to 
 express the Jirst person, as my lord 
 (see iT^fij) to express the third per- 
 son. Dan. 10: 17 how can the servant 
 of this my lord speak with this my 
 lord ? i. e. how can I speak with 
 thee ? Thy servant, therefore, some- 
 times alternates with the first per- 
 son ; e. g. Gen. 44 : 32 for thy ser- 
 vant became surety for the lad to my 
 
 father. This epithet is sometimes 
 applied to one's absent kindred ; e. g. 
 Gen. 44 : 27 thy servant, my father, 
 spake to us. 30:31. 32:20. (4!) once 
 applied to inanimate things by a 
 zeugma. Gen. 47: 19. 
 "ID? Chald. idem. NJlbN 123? a ser- 
 vant or worshipper of God, Dan. 3 : 
 
 26. 6: 21. Ezra 5: 11. 
 
 ^OT m. (with Kamets impure) ver- 
 bal from '122!', dec. I. a work, deed. 
 Once Ecc. 9:1. 
 nib?, f verbal from n2y, dec. X. 
 
 " 1.' labour. Ex. 1: 14. Lev. 25:39 
 12y nt}"2y the labour of a bond-ser- 
 
nni? 
 
 473 
 
 
 
 vant. 23 : 7 nTni'* nr)4<b?i->S ei^ery 
 business connected with labour. 
 
 2. a work^ business. Num. 4 : 47 
 
 Tz;^ rTin^T o'lb?; nnb^. ii?b to 
 
 perform the business of the service and 
 the business of the burden, (in 1 Chr. 
 9:19, the same is expressed by 
 nnnyji n^iVr^J.) Is. 28: 21. 32: 17 
 '^V.!?\l ^Jiy^^ fT^'=li;i and the work., 
 i. e. effect, of righteousness shall be 
 peace. (Chald. ^{'^2^i>, N'l'^ns^ i. q. 
 ^ti^jq a work, also a reward; comp. 
 the latter passages.) 
 
 3. tillage., cultivation of land., agri- 
 culture. 1 Chr. 27 : 26. Neh. 10 : 38. 
 
 4. service. Gen. 30: 26. Neh. 3: 5. 
 1 Chr. 26 : 30 ^^.72ri nnhS? the ser- 
 vice of the king. Ps. 104: 14 itjy 
 ClJJll rri'nS'ib herb for the service, 1. e. 
 use, of man. Used particularly of 
 service in the tabernacle or temple, 
 e. g. ^^112 irnfcli nnn^^ Num. 4: 23, 
 35. or 'l^p^ ViiN nnn? Ex. 30 : 
 17. irrin^ rr^s n'^n^ 1 Chr. 9 : 13. 
 
 also without addition, 1 Chr. 28: 14. 
 Ex. 35: 24. Spoken also of a single 
 religious usage, Ex. 12 : 25, 26. 13 : 
 5- n'lin?'^ iny to do service, Gen.30: 
 26. 
 
 5. implements, utensils, appertenan- 
 ees. Num. 3: 26, 31,36. 
 
 m'mD?, f verbal from l^y, a body of 
 servants or domestics, familia. Gen. 
 26: 14. Job 1:3. 34: 25. 
 
 'jl'^DS^ proper name of a Levitical city 
 
 in the tribe of Asher. Josh. 21 : 30. 
 1 Chr. 6: 59. Without doubt this is 
 the true reading Josh. 19: 28, instead 
 of ]hsy. It is so read in 20 MSS. of 
 Kennicott and De Rossi. 
 tr^inj? f denom. from 1^5?, dec. I. 
 
 servitude, the state of a servant. Ezra 
 9: 8, 9. 
 
 ^JT'^Di? and n'^lDi? m. {servant of 
 
 Jehovah) the proper name of several 
 persons, among whom the prophet 
 of this name (Obad. 1.) is the most 
 ikmous. 
 
 60 
 
 Ti'ZV to be thick, fat. Deut. 32: 15. 1 
 K. 12:10. (Syr. u*::iii. to be thick, 
 close.) Deriv. *a5?, "^nr;, It^i^. 
 
 \^\2.V ni. dec. I. a pledge. Deut. 24: 
 10, 11, 12. Roott2iy. 
 
 "1*^33^ liter, a subst. transition. Found 
 only in composition ^^i^?? (l.) a 
 prep, signifying (a.) on account of. 1 
 Sam. 12: 22. With suff. 'itiiys 
 ^n^il5?2 on my account, on thy ac- 
 count, 1 Sam. 23: 10. Gen. 3: 17. (b.) 
 for, in exchange for. Am. 2 : 6. (2.) 
 a conj. signifying (a.) so that ; con- 
 strued with a fut. Gen. 27: 4. Ex. 9: 
 14. with an infin. 2 Sam. 10: 3. more 
 full T^N nJin:??, Gen. 27: 10. also 
 ^^n^:Sb with an infin. 2 Sam. 14: 20. 
 17: 15. (b.) 6ecaw5e, construed with a 
 pret. Mic. 2: 10. (c.) so long as, 
 while. 2 Sam. 12:21. 
 
 "1135? ni. dec. Ill.a. grain. Josh.5:l 1.12. 
 
 T 
 
 (Syr. I^oaiu , Chald. 'n!)22> idem.) 
 
 t^D^?, fut. way V 1. prob. <o change^ 
 
 exchange. See Pi. (Comp. n^^ to 
 U'care.) 
 
 2. to give a pledge, to borrow by 
 giving a pledge, mutuum accipere. 
 Deut. 24: 10 iDir D'a^b that he may 
 give his pledge. 15: 6 tsa^n Mb HDMI 
 and thou shall not borrow by giving 
 pledges. 
 
 Pi. to change, alter. Joel 2: 7 they 
 shall not alter their course, i. e. they 
 shall go straight on. 
 
 Hiph. to loan or lend, mutuum dor 
 re. Construed with an accus. Deut. 
 15: 6. with two accus. verse 8. 
 
 Deriv. taiar, t:-^!:!?. 
 D'^uDp:? m. verbal from tS^y, deU, 
 
 guilt, criminality. Hab. 2: 6. 
 '^'^^ m. verbal from nay, thickness. 
 Job 15: 26. 2 Chr. 4:17 Jl^nM^ "^nya 
 in thick, i. e. adhesive, earth. Vulg. 
 in terra argillosa. 
 
 ^2V m. with suff. i'^ay, verbal from 
 
nn^? 
 
 474 
 
 nns? 
 
 irjS^J, dec. VI. q. thickness. 1 K. 7: 26. 
 Jer^52: 21. 
 
 Tu^n:? f. chaid. 
 
 1 . work., labour. Ezra 4: 24. 5: 8. 
 6:7,18. 
 
 2. business.) especially public busi- 
 ness. Dan.2:49.3: 12. Comp. n'Di<\J2 
 Neh. 2: 16. 
 
 in;?, fut. ^3?'; . 
 
 ^1. to pass.) to go or pass on. Ps. 42: 
 5. Am. 5: 5 Tihyn Nb ^n^ nJ<3 ^0 
 Beersheba ye shall not pass. ^5? 
 SUJT io /?as5 and return^ Ezek. 35 : 7. 
 Zech. 7: 14. 9: 8. Ex. 32: 27. ^inr 
 a^l'] to go in and out^ Mic. 2:13. 
 Also (l.) with \:3b, to go before. Gen. 
 33: 3. Ex. 17: 5. (2.) with 'nnji, fo 
 go after. 2 Sam. 20 : 13. (3.)'nn:^ 
 n'''lS2 to enter into a covenant. Deut. 
 29: 11. (comp. nb^ia ^"la Neh. 10: 
 30 .) 
 
 2. to go or pass through a place, 
 construed with an accus. Judg. 11: 
 29. usually with 2, Gen. 12: 6. 30: 
 32. Is.8:21. with "J^a, to pass through 
 or between.) Gen. 15: 17. Lam. 3 : 44 
 thou concealedst thyself in a cloudy 
 nbsri 13?^. so that oar prayer should 
 not pass through. 
 
 3. to pass by ; used absolutely, 
 Gen. 37: 28. construed with by, 1 K. 
 9:8. 2K. 4: 9. Jer. 18: 17. with 
 bi-?5, Gen. 18 : 3. with 'ps b?, 
 Ex. 34: 6. with '^;5':^, 2 K. 4:31.' with 
 ]73, Is. 40: 27 my cause passes by God^ 
 proeterit Deum.) i. e. is unnoticed by 
 
 him. Ps. 81: 7 r72nh?n i^it2 rsD 
 
 his hands pa^s by the labourers'' basket., 
 i. e. are freed from bearing it. Al- 
 so with 2, Ps. 103: 16. with an ac- 
 cus. Genl 32: 32. 2 Sam. 18: 23. Job 
 21: 29 ^^.'l "12> those who pass by 
 the way. Metaphorically (l.) to pass 
 by.) elapse.) spoken of time. Cant. 2: 
 11. Jer. 8: 20. (2.) yi2:s b? "^^'J to 
 pass by sin., i. e. to forgive it. Mic. 7: 
 18, Then with a dative of the per- 
 son, Am. 7: 8. 8 : 2. (3.) I^'s^ i^DS 
 current money. 2 K. 12: 5. More full 
 'T\ntb ^^^ current with the merchant^ 
 Pen. 23: W. 
 
 4. to pass hver.) e. g. a river ; con- 
 strued with an accus. Gen. 31:21. 
 with 2, Josh. 3: 11. 2 Sam. 15:23. 
 Jer. 2: 10 d'TilD "^^^.i^ n^2y pas5 lyvet 
 to the isles of Chittim. Metaphori- 
 cally to transgress the law, Jer. 34: 
 
 18. 2 K. 18:12. Dan. 9: 11. 
 
 6. to overflow., spoken of water. 
 Is. 8: 8. 54: 9. Nah. 1: 8. Metaphor- 
 ically of a devastating army, Dan. 
 1 1: 10, 40. and in other phrases bor- 
 rowed from water, Ps. 124:4 nbn: 
 :i;"i2;D5 b? 15^ Ihe stream had over- 
 whelmed our life., i. e. our head. 38: 
 5. Jer. 23 : 9 as a man y^2 ^^'^?. 
 whom wine has overwhelmed., i. ev 
 overcome. Comp. 2?^2. 
 
 6. to pass away., to go on. Gen. 18': 
 5. 2 Sam. 18: 9. Hence to disappear., 
 perish^ Ps. 37: 36. Job 34: 20. Is. 29: 
 5. Est. 9: 28. nbf 2 n25? to perish 
 by the sword., Job 33: 18. 
 
 7. construed with b^, to come on 
 any one, (comp. J<TS with an accus.) 
 Num. 5: 14 nM:p n^-i i^b:> ^^^1 
 and {if) the spirit of jealousy come 
 upon him. Spoken of evil, Nah. 3: 
 
 19. Job 13 : 13 1172 "^b^ -^'nSJ-^l let 
 come upon me what will. Passively, 
 to be laid on any one, Deut. 24: 5. 
 
 8. i. q. Arab. /-^^ to drop., to ooze 
 
 out. ^.'D.'y 'nta myrrha lachrymans., i. e. 
 myrrh which flows out of itself, the 
 purest myrrh. Cant. 5: 5, 13. 
 
 9. causat. as in Hiph. Ezek. 48 : 
 14 Keth. 
 
 Niph. transiri.) spoken of a river. 
 Ezek. 47: 5. 
 
 Pi. 1. to bar.) repagulavit. 1 K. 6: 
 21. (Chald. -125 idem; Nni^ a 
 bar.) 
 
 2. to conceive., to become pregnant^ 
 liter, transire fecit seu recepit semen 
 virile. Job 21: 10 I2y i"iri; his cow 
 becomes pregnant, (in Chald. Kal, 
 Pael and Ethpa. idem ; comp. the 
 synon. n^i^., Pa. and Aph. concepit.) 
 
 Hiph. *\^^2^.?^ causat. of Kal no.l. 
 (i. q. .v^nri.) " 
 
 1. to brings present., consecra'^e^ 
 
in:? 
 
 475 
 
 1^5? 
 
 Ex. 13: 12. Ezek. 23 : 37. Particu- 
 larly ^b.Tsb '^'^^>.n to consecrate to 
 Moloch, Lev. 18: 21. Jer. 32: 35. E- 
 zek. 16: 21. more full \2JJ<2 'b h to 
 coasecrate to Moloch in thejire, 2 K.23: 
 10. Ezek. 20: 31. the usual phrase 
 to express the burning of children in 
 the valley of Hinnom in honour of 
 Moloch; (comp. Jer. 7:31. 19:5. 
 Ps. 106 : 37.) In 2 Chr. 28: 3, we 
 find expressly ^^i^^ he burnt, for 
 "^5?!: in 2 K. 16 : 3. (Some have 
 understood this of a bare passing 
 through the fire or of a lustration ; 
 comp. Carpzov. Apparat. ad Antiq. 
 Sac. Cod. p. 487. but erroneously.) 
 
 2. to cause to pass, to conduct ; con- 
 strued with two accus. 2 Sam. 19: 
 16. Num. 32 : 5. and with 3, Ps. 78: 
 13. 136: 14. 2 bip "TinS;!! to let 
 one^s voice go through a place, to cause 
 to be publicly proclaimed, Ex. 36 : 6. 
 Ezra 1:1. 10:7. Comp. "^Dv:; '^"'^^.n 
 to cause the trumpet to sound, Lev. 
 25: 9. 
 
 3. to cause to pass by. 1 Sam. 16: 
 9, 10. 1 Sam. 20: 36 he shot an ar- 
 row i"^*'^?.nb to pass by him, i. e. be- 
 yond him. Metaphorically '^''^Jf.n 
 ?7Nt3n to let sin pass by i. e. to for- 
 give' it, 2 Sam. 12: 13. 24: 10. Job 
 7: 21. 
 
 4. causat. of Kal no. 4. to carry 
 over (a river,) Gen. 32: 23. to re- 
 move, transferre, Gen. 47:21 Dyn~rjK*1 
 D*'")^'!: inN ^T'S^.n and the people he 
 removed into (other) cities. 
 
 5. causat. of Kal no. 4. metaphori- 
 cally, to cause to transgress. 1 Sam. 
 2: 24. 
 
 6. to carry away, 2 Chr. 35 : 23. 
 to take away, remove ; e.g. to put off 
 a garment, Jon. 3 : 6. to take off a 
 ring, Est. 8: 2. to remove, idols, false 
 prophets, 2 Chr. 15: 8. Zech. 13: 2. 
 Also to turn away. Est. 8: 3. 
 
 Hithpa. 1. to be arrogant, haughty. 
 Prov. 14: 16. (Comp. n-l2y no. 2.) 
 
 2. to become angry, to be wroth. 
 (Comp.^nn:^:no.3.)Ps.78:21,59.Con- 
 struedwith 2, Ps.78:62. with D^, Ps. 
 
 89:39. with b^, Prov. 26: 17. with au 
 accus. Prov. 20: 2 i"i2^n'D he who 
 becomes wroth with him {the king.) 
 The suffix pronoun may also be re- 
 solved into 12. (Comp. Arab. J^^T*" 
 to go beyond, to be angry, to be arro- 
 gant.) 
 
 Deriv. out of course ^^ii^, '^^^'s? 
 
 "IZIJ!' m. with suff. ins:^., dec. VL j. 
 
 1 . what is on the other side. "IHi^ 
 l^-)^;!, TO TitQuv Tov 'loQdcivov, the 
 part of Palestine beyond Jordan, Gen* 
 50:10,11. Deut. 1:1. Is.8: 23. l9:l.] 
 'IHiJl ^;2y the country beyond the 
 Euphrates, Josh. 24: 2, 3. Once in 
 theplur. nn: -'n2yls.7:20. n^^'bd?. 
 D^n beyond the sea, Deut. 30: 13. 
 '12^:^. Num. 21: 13. and b 151^:^. on 
 the other side. Num. 22: 1. 
 
 2. sometimes that which is on 
 this side, as if used by one living on 
 the other side. 1 K. 4: 24. 
 
 3. side, quarter generally. 1 Sam. 
 14: 40 Tnfi< n52?b repeated, on one 
 side, on the other side. Ex. 28: 26, 
 Plur. Jer. 49: 32 Tn:3r-bSX3 on all 
 sides. Ex. 32: 15. 
 
 . 4. *^25 bN (l.) over against, i. q. 
 
 b^a-bfi. Josh. 22 : 11. (2.) ^5? b? 
 
 ^23 in front, before. Ex. 25 : 37. E- 
 
 zek. 1: 9 ^^23 ^2^ b5$ u;"<i< each be-- 
 
 fore him. 
 
 5. Eber or Heber, proper name of 
 the progenitor of the Hebrews. Gen. 
 10:24,25. 11:14,15. Hence -"pa 
 ^ny Gen. 10: 21. and in poetry ^2? 
 Num. 24 : 24. for Hebrexvs. Most of 
 the names in those tables seem to 
 stand for nations rather than for in- 
 dividuals.Comp. Gesenius'Gesch. der 
 hebr. Sprache and Schrift, p. 1 1 . 
 '^2^ Chald. idem. W'nrjl 12^ the other 
 
 side of the Euphrates, Ezra 4: 10 ff. 
 nn33? f. verbal from ^ly. 
 
 " 1.' a ferry-boat. 2 Sam. 19: 19. 
 
 2. 2 Sam. 15 : 28 Keth. nin2y i. q. 
 Keri nia"^? plains. 
 
nn:? 
 
 476; 
 
 ^55^ 
 
 iTHDl? f. verbal from 'nSy, dec. XII.c. 
 
 ' 1. excess. Prov. 21: 24 "jint D^:::? 
 
 excessive 'wickedness. Job 40 : 11 
 
 <JE^ riT^^iS! thy excessive wrath. 
 
 2. arrogance^ pride. (See ^5.5^' 
 
 D'^'na5>in Num. 27: 12. Deut. 32: 49. 
 and a'^-iS?^^T-"''n.rT Num. 33: 47, 48. 
 proper name of certain mountains 
 beyond Jordan, over against Jericho, 
 of which mount Nebo (see 1:22) ap- 
 pears to have made a part. 
 
 Hithpa.) Jcr. 48:30. Is. 16 : 6. Ps. ^^'^^V proper name of a station of 
 
 7: 7. " ~ 
 
 3. wrath, anger. Is. 14: 6. Partic- the Israelites, not far from Ezion-ga- 
 
 ularly the wrath of God exhibited in ber, on the coast of the Red sea. 
 
 punishment, Is. 9 : 18. 10 : 6. pi^ Num. 33: 34. 
 
 m::^ the day of divine indignation, 'i^l^J? found only Joel 1:17. according 
 
 Prov. 11:4. Zeph. 1: 15, 18. Comp. to the Hebrew commentators i. q. 
 
 'C^^^\ to rot, to become rotten or moul- 
 dy, as seed under the ground from 
 heat. Comp. in Greek nvif^ofiat, He- 
 siod. Scut. Here. 1 53. 
 nnS? to be twisted or woven, as appears 
 
 from the derivatives. 
 
 Pi. to perplex, pervert. Mic. 7: 3. 
 '^^n^^^kMhllrom^^^^^^ TlhV, fern, t-inny, verbal adj. from 
 
 on the other side, hence those who live ni^', dec. VIII. d. thick, bushy, cov- 
 en the other side or come from thence, ^^^^ ^{fj^ foliage, spoken of trees, 
 (a name which might very properly Ezek. 20: 28. Lev. 23: 40. Ezek. 6: 
 be given by the Canaanites to the ^3 ^^^ ^.^j^ ^^^j^ ^^ . 
 
 migratmg horde under Abraham, ^ -^ -fe\* / 
 
 Gen. 14: 13.) or, according to oth- f]S;^, plur. DTihS? and nnh^', verbal 
 ers, by transposition i. q. D^n-)?^ in- ^^'^^ ^^'^ .ometo^ twisted 
 
 habitants of the desert, nomades. ^It ^^ ^^^^^-^^ ^^^^^ 
 
 Prov. 11:23. 
 *>-)3;?, plur. Q""}:^^ and a''""."!^^, fem. 
 
 n^'iiny, plur. ni'^lay, a gentile noun, 
 a Hebrew or Bebrewess. The sacred 
 writers regard this word as a pa- 
 tronymic from "1S5:, (q.v.) otherwise 
 it miarht be considered as originally 
 
 was the proper name of the people, 
 by which they were known to for- 
 eigners, (as to Pausanias, Tacitus, 
 Josephus ;) and thus distinguished 
 from "^i5"\UJ'; "1 33 the common domes- 
 tic name. Comp. a similar distinction 
 between the words Canctani^e and Fhe- 
 nician, Dutch and German. Hence 
 
 1. a line, cord. Judg. 15: 13, 14. 
 Plur. cords, bands, vincula, Ps. 2 : 3. 
 Ezek. 3 : 25. 4: 8. 
 
 2. wreathenwork. Ex. 28: 24. !1U)5>73 
 n'ny idem,, Ex. 2S : 14. 39: 17. 
 
 3. a thick branch. Ezek. 19: ll. 
 31: 3, 10, 14. 
 
 it is used in the bible principally by n^j?^ fut. n.ny^, to love, especially in a 
 way of antithesis to other nations, '^^^ sense, construed with an accus. 
 Gen. 40: 15. 43: 32. Ex. 1 : 15, 19. ^nd b^. Ezek. 23: 5 flf. lD*a:ii* lovers, 
 2: 7, 11, 13. 3: 18. 5: 3. 7: 16. 9: 1, jej.. 4I 30. 
 
 13. 21 : 2. Deut. 15: 12. (Jer 34 : ^.^^^ 1^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ 
 
 9, 14.) 1 Sam. 13:3, 7. 14: 11,21. " -J-J'^: ^ -; 
 
 " ' ^ loveliness, pleasantness. Ezek. 
 
 33: 32 D"'3.n2'. n'"^3 a lovely song. 
 2. what is pleasing to God. (Arab. 
 
 5 ^ 
 
 s_^t.s:iC gratia, beneplacitum Dei.) 
 Ezek. 33: 31 ni^T}^ 0^32 D^^^?:. ""S 
 tj'^tjyyor with the mouth they do what 
 is pleasing to God ; antith. but their 
 heart goeth after unrighteous gain.- 
 
 29: 3. Jon. 1 : 9. or when a foreign- 
 er is introduced speaking, e. g. an 
 Egyptian, Gen. 39: 14, 17. 41 : 12. 
 Ex. 1 : 16. 2: 6. or a Philistine, 1 
 Sam. 4: 6, 9. 13: 19. 14: 11. 29: 3. 
 1 Sam. 13 : 3, 7. makes perhaps 
 the only exception. Comp. Gesenius' 
 Gesch. der hebr. Sprache, p. 9 12. 
 D''13>' Jer. 22 : 20. in full -nri 
 
a:^:? 
 
 477 
 
 "IT 
 
 HD:*::? or r^S^:? f. verbal from up, 
 
 lust, lewdness. Ezek. 23: 11. 
 T'M and J^jiJ? f. dec. X. a 5ma// cake 
 
 baked under the ashes, in Greek iy- 
 'AQVc^iag^ a common food to this day 
 among the orientals, especially when 
 travelling. Gen. 18: 6. Num. 11: 8. 
 1 K. 17 : 13. D"^Cj:-) Dili* a cake ba- 
 ked on hot stones, 1 K. 1 9 : 6. Root 
 an:?, comp. aiy72. 
 
 ^"IliiJ? m. name of a bird of passage, 
 
 Jer. 8: 7. which, together with the 
 swallow, is said to pip or chirp. Is. 
 38: 14. According to Bochart(Hi- 
 eroz. II. 68.) the crane, but without 
 sufficient ground. 
 
 ^^^P m. dec. III. a, a ring, particular- 
 ly aw ear-ring. Ezek. 16: 12. Num. 
 31: 50. See the following article. 
 
 ^ip, fern. rrV^i?, dec. VIII. d. adj. 
 
 round, rounded. 1 K. 7 : 23 if. Root 
 ^^y in Syr. Pa, to roll. 
 p53? m. with sufT. ^b^y, plur. const. 
 
 ^^5^, dec. VI. j. and H^Ii^. f- dec. X. 
 
 1. a calf male and female, vitulus 
 and vitula. Lev. 9: 3. Mic. 6: 6. >?.?. 
 Jl^D73 a molten calf, Ex. 32: 4. 
 
 2. a bullock, a heifer, as in 
 Lat. vitulus, vitula, in old Germ. 
 Kalbe. Hcs. 10: 11 tTlTabX? n^ay a 
 heifer that is broken, comp. Jer. 31 : 
 18.50: 11. Judg. 14: 18 Dn/^pin Nb.:)b 
 T/Vaya if ye had not ploughed with 
 my heifer. Spoken of a 3 year old 
 heifer, Gen. 15: 9. Metaphorically 
 D^/^y 'b^y the bullocks of the nations, 
 
 I e. their leaders, princes, Ps. 68 : 
 31. 
 
 3. nip^\-o nbay is. 15 : 5. Jer. 
 48: 34. name of an unknown place. 
 
 Th^:^ f. with suif. r|nb5^^ dec. XI. e. a 
 cart, waggon. Gen. 45: 19 ff. 1 Sam. 
 6: 7 if. Spoken of the threshing wag- 
 gon, Is. 28: 27, 28. of the chariot of 
 war, Ps. 46: 10. Root b:*^ to roll 
 
 D55? to be sad, sorrowful, construed 
 
 with 'JtD?.. Job 30: 25. See tH^i^ 
 no. 3. ' 
 
 P5? found only in Niph. to stay, de- 
 <wien, as in Chald. Ruth 1: 13 "jribr: 
 TllpVi would you on that account stay 
 or forbear ? for ri35yn ; comp. Is; 
 60: 4. Sept. ycureGj^edT^aead^a. 
 
 73? m. 1. as a subst. eternity,!, q. dbi^. 
 Liter, perhaps time, duration, as if 
 from the root rTn^ to go, to pass away, 
 spoken of time, comp. "^S^. ^^'b 
 forever, Ps. 9 : 19. 19: 10." In the 
 same sense also "l^n ob^^b, Ps. 9: 6. 
 lyi t2\VJ, Ps 10: 16. 21: 5. 45: 7. 
 -t/'^'iy to eternity, Ps. 83: 18. -^y 
 ".? '?2biy to eternal ages. Is. 45: 17. 
 ny-'iN eternal father, Is.9:5. 'nnri 
 ^? Hab. 3: 6. and"!? 'nin Gen. 49: 
 26. eternal mountains. 
 
 2. also as a subst. booty, prey. 
 (From n^y no. I. 2. to fall upon, to 
 rob. Chald. ^'^2r, "'-[y, Hi^yJ idem.) 
 Gen. 49: 27. Zeph. 3: 8. Is. 33 : 23. 
 
 3. as a prep. plur. '^n?'., with suff. 
 '^C^.ti ^T^i^-) until, spoken of time and 
 space ; (derived from signif no. 1 . 
 time.) n2i<-ny hozv long? Hab. 1: 2. 
 when? Job 18: 2. ^N^-^? to the 
 greatest, vehementissime. ^^ . . . . 'i^ 
 
 as well .. . . as, Num.8: 4. ir '^70 
 
 from . ... to, Ex. 28: 42. Sometimes 
 (1.) simply to, e.g. ^y :ir:: to return 
 to. Lam. 3: 40. n:? ^rn to go to, 1 
 Sam. 9: 9. Ps. 65: 3. "(2.) even, so 
 much as. ^tiN *1V so much as one, 
 Judg. 4: 16. VSam. 17: 22. (3.) even 
 to, i. e. as, like as. Nah. 1:10 "*iy 
 Cj'^n/D like thorns. 1 Chr. 4 : 27. (4.) 
 1^ 1?.i2nll to hearken or attend to 
 any one'; (elsewhere with b^.) 
 Num. 23: 18. Job 32: 12. 
 
 2. also as a prep, during, while. 
 Judg. 3: 26 crj^n7:nJl-l^ while they 
 delayed. 2 K. 9 : 22 'biT\^-\:n:T-^> 
 during the fornications of Jezebel, i.e. 
 while they continue. Ezra 10: 14 
 JlTn~'n5"ni"iy during this matter. 
 Doubled IK. 18: 45 Hb W r^b-^y 
 iji the mean while. 
 
 5. as a conj. "nUJN ^y, and simply 
 iy until, construed with a pret, Jost. 
 
^5' 
 
 478 
 
 ^ir 
 
 2: 22. with a fut. Num. 1 1 : 20. So 
 t:^? X', Gen. 24: 19. "'D 13?, Gen. 26: 
 13. 
 
 6. also as a conj. during^ while ; 
 construed with a part. Job 1: 18. 
 with a fut. 8: 2:>. So ip ^y so lo7ig as, 
 quamdiu^ Cant. 1 : 12. and ])erhaps 
 'i3-lJ,Gen. 49: 10. 
 
 "1^ Chald. a prep, and conj. as in Heb. i^ 
 
 I. "^^ m. strictly a part, from nn3>, 
 
 dec. I. 
 
 1. a 'witness. Prov. 19 : 5, 9. Is. 
 8: 2. Also spoken of inanimate ob- 
 jects, Gen. 31: 44, 48. Is. 19: 20. 
 
 2. witness^ testimony. ? iy Jiry 
 
 to give testimony against any one, 
 Ex. 20: 13. Deut. 5:17. 31: 21. 
 
 3. a comrnaiider. Is. 55: 4. 
 
 II. "13?, plur. D'^i^:, dec. VIII. b. liter. 
 iime^ (comp. "j'^ ;) hence the time of ^ 
 the monthly discharge in females. 
 
 (Arab. ^^-A^ tcmpus menstruum.^ Is. 
 
 64: 5 h'^'^^V 'l^.Z vesiis menstruis pollu- 
 ta . 
 
 ^i? see l'^2? yet. 
 
 '7"7^ found only in Po. Ti2> <o K/lf up, 
 
 to support. Ps. 146: 9. 147: 6. 
 
 liitlipo. ^o be raised up. Ps. 20: 9. 
 
 r. Tm^; Arab. (<-^ for (J^^ . 
 
 1. to go or /)ss 6y, synonymous 
 with ni:^-. Job 28: 8. Deriv. ^y no. 
 1. "'I^' no. I. 
 
 2. to fall upon in a hostile manner ; 
 
 23: 40. Jer. 4: 30. Hos. 2: 15. [2:13.] 
 Jer. 31: 4 rj'^sn >i^^r\ thou shall adorn 
 thyself isoith thy tahrets.^ the small ta- 
 brets being a kind of ornament to 
 the dancing women. 
 
 Hiph. to adorn any one with any 
 thing, construed with two accus. E 
 zek. 16: 11. 
 
 Deriv. "^n:? no. II. 
 rn?, i^^?,'fut. n^s;;!, &<'?.5>: , Chald. 
 
 i. q. Heb. no. I. 
 
 1. to go or come on any one, con- 
 strued with z. Dan. 3: 27. 
 
 2. to go away., depart, construed 
 with )12. Dan. 4: 28. [4:31.] 
 
 3. to pass away, to be abolished ; 
 spoken of a kingdom, Dan. 7: 1 4. of 
 a law, Dan. 6: 9, 13. [6: 8, 12.] 
 
 Aph. causat. of Pe. no. 2. to take 
 away, Dan. 5 : 20. 7 : 26. to depose 
 (kings,) 2: 21. 
 JTmJ^ f. const, n*!??, verbal from 
 'IS^^, dec. XI. b. a collection. Partic- 
 ularly 
 
 1. the Israelitish people, which 
 is called !:fi;J"l*IJ') n'lS' the congrega- 
 tion of Israel Ex. 12 : 3. "ra ni:? 
 b^iC^toVAe congregation of the children 
 ff Israel, 16:1,2,9. but usually JTIi^Sl 
 the congregation. Lev. 4: 15. It is al- 
 so called mn"^ n'ly the congregation 
 of Jehovah, Num. 27: 17. 
 
 2. in a bad sense, a gang, faction. 
 Ps. 22: 17. nnp Dyj the faction of 
 Korah, Num. 16: 5. 
 
 3. those pertaining to one''s house' 
 
 hold,familia. Job 16: 7. 15:34. 
 4. a swarm (of bees.) Judg. 14:8. 
 (whence Arab. (J^ an enemy.) H. n^5? f. plural rilTJ, verbal from 
 
 Comp. ns^', >]^n, tyirrr. Deriv. 1'J 
 booty. 
 
 Hiph. to remove, jmt off, e. g. a 
 garment. Prov. 25: 20. comp. 1^2"" 
 Jon. 3:6. 
 If. m'IZ^ Arab. (^OvC to adorn or 
 
 "J^:j>, dec. X. 
 
 1. a female witness. Gen. 31: 52. 
 
 2. testimony. Gen. 21: 30. 
 
 3. ctw institution, ordinance, precept, 
 (of God.) Ps. 119 :22, 24, 59,79, 
 138,146,168. 
 
 aiiire one's sef with any thing, con- ri^'T?'. f verbal from Tli?. 
 
 strued with an accus. like '*i;5b. (in 
 Chald. idem.) Job 40 : 10 ND-H^y 
 jTiC.^ adorn thy sef with majesty. 
 ^l^. rn^ to 2mt on ofnaments.^ Ezek. 
 
 1. an ordinance, precept, (of God,) 
 i. q. n*i5' no. 3. Very frequent in the 
 
 plural form ni'15'. (edwot) with an 
 
 Aramean inflexion, (like ^ISV^. plur. 
 
p3!' 479 ^in;?^ 
 
 ^13^^53.) Ps. 119 : 14, 36, 99. Neh. 9: delight one's self. Neh. 9 : 25. (Arab. 
 
 34.' * 5 ^ " 
 
 2. the law^ I q. ?l^Tn ; by way of Cl)^-^ pleasure., luxury.) Deriv. p.:?, 
 eminence, the tablets of the law. Ex. ^l^^.f t:'^2'li'?3. 
 
 25: 21. 16: 34. ni^^n -pnJ<^ ^Ae ark p^? ^j n::?m. verbal from pi^', de^?. 
 
 o/'i/ie /ttTsy, Ex. 25 : 22. n^is'n JrnN ' ::; . '; 
 
 Meicnio/tAeto, Num. 9: 15. 17: J^^"^- 
 
 23 |g. 2 1 . p/easwre, /ore/incw. rlur. rs. 36: 
 
 3. Ps. 60: 1. and 80: 1. name of a ^' ^ ^^- ^'' ^^ ="^1 '^^ ^'^ ^^^^^2/ 
 
 5 ^ manner. 
 
 musical instrument, i. q. Arab. O^ 2. proper name (l.) of the coun- 
 
 J . 7 . 7 try in which the warden of our first 
 
 lyra ; or a song adapted to such an m- ^.^^^s was placed. Gen. 2:8. 4: 16. 
 
 strument ; or else perhaps a law a Hence m. 1-^ the garden of Eden, 
 
 writing, and thence a song, (hke ^ ,, Jz '" / v . 
 
 :iPD7:t CnD72.) 2: 15. 3: 23, 24. (2) of a pleasant 
 
 T J ' ' ' :"'^ valley near Damascus. Am.l:5. (3.) 
 
 I. "^ j:^^ m. with suff. -^^ny, verbal from of a country of Mesopotamia or As- 
 
 iTi^ir'no. I. dec. VI. prob. olda^e. Ps. *y^^^' ^^^^^ ^^^ power of the As- 
 
 tnV. K ru ^A . a .-.u Syrians, 2 K. 19 : 12. Is. 37 : 12. and 
 
 a?T.=/coS 4 r:t: In Ezek. 27: 23, joined with., .^,. 
 
 II. ^13?, in pause '^i?, with suff. V13?, Perhaps Jlfaerfon ^^ in Diar- 
 verbal from n^V no. II. dec. VL " " ^^^^^' ^^^^^^^ **^^ Ti-ris. 
 
 1. an ornament. Ex. 33: 4, 6. Jer. H?' *^?7.?: ^ ^^^^raction of -^^ 
 4 : 30. a''1'l5> ^^y a most beautiful nsn ii// no^, hitherto^ yet. Ecc.4:2,3. 
 ornament, Ezek. 16: 7. ^^3^3; f ^^^.^,^1 ^^^^ .^^ pleasure 
 
 2. me ornament or harness of a -^ i' 
 horse. Ps. 32:9. Gen. 18: 12. 
 
 I. ^^^>-, fern. ?ir^i., as an adj. /x. H^ ^* ^^^^^' ^' '''^'' ^^"- "^ ^ ^' 
 noi/5, ^lOje^Uo ;?Zecwure. Is. 47: 8. 3:5,15.7:12. (Syr. vr^J Arab. 
 
 II. 'j'^'iy dec. III. a. perhaps a 5<riA:m^, 5 ii ^ 
 
 ;7crc^Jtohastae.(Comp.Arab./oL\c ,^ it^m. Kindred with ^? 
 
 . ^ . . long time, eternity ; and with 'ly no. 
 
 conj. 11. malleo mucronato percussit.) jj \ 
 
 Hence 2 Sam. 23 : 8 Keth. 1:"^^^ 2. a year. Dan. 4:13, 20, 22, 29. 
 
 i:i25rT according to Simonis percus- [4: 16, 23, 25, 32.] Dan. 7 : 25 *l>- 
 
 #io Acwte e;M5, comp. the parallel X]^. >\^^ "i^^l^.] H^. /o^ ye*, 
 
 passage 1 Chr.ll:ll in'^ann^n-:^?:', years {two years,) and half a year., 
 
 Ufting up his spear, which is taken i- e. three years and a half Comp. 
 
 from 2 Sam. 23: 18. Josephi Jud. Bell. I. 1. See TJ172 
 
 fiVl?. proper name of a city in the * no. 1. (l.) and a"^73; no. 4. 
 
 'i ' ' x* ^u X 'i. r T J I, xu ^1 ^"^ ^ ^^ over, to remain : spoken e.g". 
 
 plain of the tribe of Judah, once the ' - -r ' ' ^ ^ 
 
 residence of a Canaanitish king. of food, Gen. 16:23. of money. Lev. 
 
 Rehoboam caused it to be fortified. 25: 27. of persons. Num. 3 : 46, 48^ 
 
 Josh. 12: 15. 15: 35. Mic.l: 15. Neh. 49. to hang ouer, spoken of tapestry, 
 
 11:30. Sept. 'OaoAAa.M. In its neigh- Ex.26: 12, 13. 
 
 bourhood was the cave of Adullam, ^^ip^- ^0 have over. Ex. 16: 18. 
 
 1 Sam. 22: 1. 2 Sam. 23 : 13. The L I*!;? in Kal not used. Arab. al\c 
 
 gentile noun is "Tz^yj Gen. 38: 1,12. " . ^ 
 
 Mh-i,, /. J 1 . u-'u ^ . to forsake in a faithless manner :coi^-^. 
 
 ] ^3? fowid oaly m JJithpa., to enjoy or m f^ forsake. 
 
5i:p 
 
 480 
 
 l^y 
 
 Nipb. '^2^^':, 1. to be left behind, 
 to remain. 2 Sam. 17: 22. 
 
 2. io 6e lacking, wanting, missing. 
 1 Sam. 30: 19. Is. 40: 26. 69: 15. 
 
 Pi. ^-y io /acA;, want. 1 K. 5 : 7. 
 [4: 27.] 
 II. "^'1^ 1. <o arrange, put in order. 1 
 
 Chron" 12 : 38 12^S nD^i;:^ ''^'ib 
 DV/vD arranging the order of battle, 
 i. e. in battle-array, with an upright 
 heart. Sept. nuQaTudGOfxevot nufja- 
 taltv. Elliptically verse 33 ll^b 
 i^l lab Nbs in battle-array with one 
 heart. Deri v. 11^. 
 
 2. as in Chald. to clean, to weed. 
 
 Is. 5: 6. 7 : 25. (Syr. l^j^ a plmgh- 
 share.) Deriv. "l ^^73 a weeding-hook, 
 mattock. 
 ^^;? m. with suff. in*!?, verbal from 
 *in^', dec. VI. j. a Aerrf ovjiock. Gen. 
 29: 2, 3, 8. rirn-"^ "17.?. thejiock of 
 Jehovah, i. e. the Israelitish people, 
 Jer. 13: 17. 
 
 43*^1231?, masc. plur. lentiles. Gen. 25 : 
 
 * "' 5 ^ 
 
 34. 2 Sam. 17: 28. (Arab. (j^<Ac 
 irfem.) 
 ^"^V 2 K. 17: 24. see ^15?. 
 
 n^:? Lam. 2: 1. see '2^'^^ 
 
 i^Dl^ Gen. 10: 28. a city or country 
 
 of Arabia, in the Samaritan text and 
 in 1 Chr. 1 : 22, bn^r. The latter 
 name occurs also as a tribe or coun- 
 try of Idumea, Gen. 36 : 23. (Comp. 
 Vater in locos.) These names may 
 be collated with To^aUTig in Jose- 
 phus, (11. 1. III. l.)a country of Ara- 
 bia, inhabited by Edomites and Amal- 
 ekites, and Gebalene, the country 
 abouj; Petra, They may also have 
 some connexion with the Arab. 
 VaS^ mountain. 
 
 jV^ to bake (a cake.) Ezek. 4 ; 12, 
 
 Deriv. n^^y, .^^'73. 
 2jVJ^ m. Gen. 4 : 2L Job 21 : 12. 30: 
 
 31 . and 3.15" Ps. 150: 4, (where sev- 
 
 eral MSS. and editions read M;) 
 the name of a musical instrument, 
 prob. the shalm, bagpipe. So the 
 Hebrew translators, Targums, and 
 Jerome uniformly. It is used like- 
 wise in the Chaldee paraphrase 
 Dan. 3: 5, 10, 15. for n^:E72^D q. v 
 'T\V^ more rarely 1'3>, origmally an in- 
 fin. absol. from '^^ V to turn back, to 
 repeat ; hence redeundo, iterando* 
 Used only as an adv. 
 
 1 . again, a second time. Gen. 4 : 
 25. Judg. 13: 8. 
 
 2. repeatedly, continually. Gen. 46r 
 29 'lii'T'-jiN^x bi' rjq^^i and he wept 
 on his neck continually. Ruth 1 : 14. 
 Pa. 84: 5. Jer. 2: 9. 
 
 3. further, moreover. Ecc. 3:16. 
 With a negative, no longer, Joel 2: 
 19. Deut 31: 2. 
 
 4. most frequently yet, and with 
 a negative, no more. Gen. 7: 4. 8:10. 
 29: 7. "11:?-^^ so long as, all the 
 while that. Job 27: 3. With suff. 
 :niy / (am) yet ; ^lij thou {art) 
 
 yet; nsni:', ns-^i^, I'^^T^, 0*11 r. 
 Joined with a participle, Cii^ 
 D'^'na'l^ they were yet speaking. Est; 
 6: 14. Also in composition 
 
 4. "ite (1.) while yet. Comp. 
 D'nDa. Jer. 15: 9 UJy]-^ "I'^^a while it 
 is yet' day. 2 Sam. 12 : 22. Ps. 104 : 
 33 ^"^i^'S while yet I live, so long as 
 I live. 146. 2. (2.) within. Gen. 40: 
 13 W'm rfdb'O 1VJ2 within three 
 days. Gen. 40: 13. ' 
 
 2. ^i^^ti since. "^"jiyQ since I ex- 
 isted, Gen. 48 : 15. Num. 22 : 30 
 HTn DITl^^i^ 'nii3'"73 since I was 
 thine to this day. 
 ^i"^^ Arab. oVc > 1- to turn, to turn 
 
 about. Hence 
 
 2. to repeat. (Comp. ^TC:.) Hence 
 the infin. absol. ^15? adv. again, yet, 
 (q. V.) 
 
 3. to say repeatedly, to testify. In 
 Kal only Lam. 2: 13 Keth. See 
 Hiph. 
 
 Pi. 1-iy to surround. Ps. 119: 61. 
 Hiph*.''i'yn 1. strictly to say re- 
 peatedly, to ajffirm, assert ; hence 
 
hi? 481 Vl3> 
 
 2. to testify^ to give evidence. Amos i. e. to act perversely, Jer. 3: 21. 
 
 3: 13. The person testified against Hence without '^>7., 
 
 is expressed by the suffix pronoun, q. to act perversely or zvickedly. 2 
 
 1 K. 21: 20. Sam. 7: 14. 19: 20. 24: 17. 
 
 2. <o call or ^A;e ^o witness against Deriv. n^, ]i?, a"'i"}5'*. 
 
 any one, construed with z. Deut. 4: . . ^ ^_ .'\. i^ *V t- 
 
 26 30:19. 31: 28. I. 8: 2. To .ffirra ^^=^ ^ ^^^ ' ^ ^'- '' ^ '3. Is. 37 : 13. 
 
 solemnly, to protest, ohtestari, constru- and N^y 2 K. 17 : 24. proper name 
 
 d with 2 of the person, Gen. 43: 3 of a city from which colonies were 
 
 nTattb :;''iin ^2a 'li'il lytl the man sent to Samaria. The inhabitants 
 
 protested against us, 'saying! Deut. 8: ^i"^ ^^^^^^ '=3^' 2 K. 17: 31. Some 
 
 19. 32: 46. 1 K. 2: 42. Zech. 3: 6. compare a Phenician city Avatha. 
 
 4. to admonish, frequently spoken (See Relandi Palaestina, p. 232, 233.) 
 of Jehovah, construed with 2 of the Others a^n?, see below. 
 
 person. Ps. 50: 7. 81:9. 2 K.'l7: 13. J^*^;? f. destruction. Ezek. 21: 32. [21 : 
 
 With an accus. and by, Lam. 2: 13. \Z -^ ^^^ ., ^ ^ , ^,,, . ^. , 
 -' 27.J feee the root m^J in Piel. 
 
 Jer. 6: 10. Particularly to chide, re- > . ''^ 
 
 buke, upbraid, (comp. -)0;,) Neh. T13? strength, see t;?- 
 
 13: 15, 21. ' * ^ ' 
 
 5. to commaMJ, ort/am, prescribe. ^^^ -Jf.'^^' '^ <o^ee. In Kal not used. 
 (See ni>' no. 3. and n^nr.) 2 K. 17: . ***P^- 1- ^^ <^^"*^ ^o ^ec, to bring 
 ir n^ "j;..^ ^..;^ .^iV.,-r^v. fcv. mto tt place of safety. Ex.9: 19. 
 
 ; , ; -^ ' ^ , 2. mtrans. to^ce. Is. 10: 31. Jer. 
 
 precepts, which he gave them. JNeh. 4. g g. j 
 
 9: 34. 1 Sam. 8; 9. 
 
 e.topraise,{comp.^ia^Tvgio)Luke ^H' P*"^* ^'''^-' ^ gentile noun, Avites, 
 4 : 22.) Job 29: 11. the original inhabitants of PhilisUa 
 
 Hoph. *i"^n to be shown, testified. before the Philistines came from 
 Ex. 21: 29." Caphtor. Deut. 2: 23. Josh. 13: 3. 
 
 Deriv. ^, IrTi?, n^^S?, Jiniyn Js^n^;? or ^'^y^ f. plur. ];;5;,Chald. joer- 
 ni5? 1. to be crooked, to be perverted. v'erseness, sin. Dan. 4: 24. [4: 27.] 
 In Kal not used. See Niph. Pi. Hiph. ^^ot nyj. 
 
 2. to deal perversely, to sin, (comp. I.^'^^:? m. unrighteous, ungodly. Job 
 e. g. bnn no. I.) Dan. 9 : 5. Con- ^^ -; ^ .^ ' ^ i' 
 
 * J Vuu^ r/u r^.i.^ 16:11. Root -i:?. 
 
 strued with ^y of the person,Est. 1:16. * 
 
 Niph. 1. tobe bowed down. Ps. 38: II* -'^?, ^^*'^^' Kq-bl^. Job 21: 11. 
 7. Especially from pain, (like the perhaps also 19: 18. See Wj. 
 pangs of a woman in child-birth.) _.ta-. c -^ .1 . 
 
 Is. 21 : 3 vy^72 "^n-^iy^ / am bent ^^'1?; "^"^^ ^^ ^ ^^^^ '" ^^^ territory 
 <?o:2.'?i so as not to hear. ' of Edom. Once Gen. 36: 35. 
 
 2. to be perverted. Prov. 12: 8 }^^^ or ^^^ to give railk, to suckle^ 
 
 '2b'n'\^"i of a perverse heart. Fem. , /.' 1 ^ a ^rr.^ 
 
 " - ^ spoken 01 animals. 1 Sam. 6: 7, 10. 
 
 \r\1?2 as a subst. perversene^s, 1 Sam. q^^^ 33 . 13, p^rt. nib:'- (etiye^) ^it;- 
 
 20: 30^ n:iT^ari-n]y=-^2 t^ou .on -^^ ^.^;.^ (^^,^^) ^;^^^ ^^;^ ^^^^^^^ P^^ 
 
 o/" obstinate perverseness, i e. thpu / W * 
 
 obstinate and perverse son. ^^S: 71. Is. 40: 11. (Arab, ^u^ med. 
 
 Pi. to turn up. Lam. 3: 9 "'ni^l'^rs Je to be pregnant and at the same 
 
 n^y he turneth up my paths. Is. 24: 1.' ^ '^"*^ ^<^ 5"^"^^ ^'^'^'O 
 
 Hiph. 1. to pervert ; e. g. justice, 5?"^^ m. dec. I. a child. Is. 49: 15. 65: 
 
 Job 33 :27. one's way or conduct, 20. See the verb bn' and the noun 
 Si 
 
b^^ 
 
 482 
 
 )^T 
 
 \:hj\^. (In modern Arabic Jjlc tS^^^J^ m. rardy t:^!? , dec. 11. b. 
 ptier. In Syr. ^a::* idem.) 
 
 P"!^, Pi. V?.2> <o ac< unrighteously or 
 
 wickedly. Ps. 71: 4. Is. 26 : 10. (in 
 Syr. i^em.) Hence. 
 5? ^2^ m. verbal from b^^, wicked^ un- 
 
 "righteous. Job 18:21. 27:7. 29: 17. 
 P13? ' with suff. Vi?*)^, and 7l3?m.ver- 
 bal from '::^^', dec. VI. a. iniquity^ in- 
 justice, e. g. in judgment, Lev. 19 : 
 'l5. in traffic, Ezek. 28 : 18. n^ny 
 i?!13? to practise iniquity.^ Ezek. 3: 20. 
 
 Thy_ f. verbal from brs, dec. XII. f 
 
 idem. Job 6:29, 30. 11: 14. 13: 7. 
 Jlbl^* 'IS the unrighteous., the wicked., 
 2 Sam. 3 : 34. and without "J?, an un- 
 righteous man, Job 24 : 20. Ps. 107 : 
 42. With n paragogic Jinbl? Ps. 92: 
 16. also contracted nnbi? Job. 6: 16. 
 Plur. nib'i:' Ps. 58: 3."64 : 7. (See 
 also nib?.) 
 TvP'l^ CL burnt-offering. See lbi?. 
 
 i:^1>", plur. a-^biriy, and ^^1)5?, plur. 
 .. . ^ 
 
 D'^bblS', m. a child male or female ; 
 frequently joined with ppi" a suck- 
 ling, Jer. 44 : 7. Lam. 2 : 11. but 
 strictly a child more advanced, which 
 plays in the street, (Jer. 6:11. 9: 
 20.) asks for bread, (Lam. 4 : 4.) 
 goes into captivity, (Lam. 1 : 5.) but 
 w^hich is still borne upon the arm, 
 (2: 20.) Applied to children in the 
 The same signii- 
 bbi:?72 Is. 3: 12. 
 
 womb. Job 3: 16. 
 ication belongs to 
 
 1 . eternity. Sometimes to be UH* 
 derstood in a loose sense for a long 
 period, e. g. Deut. 15: 17 so shall he 
 be thy servant for ever, i.e. all his life 
 long. 1 Sam. 27: 12. Ps. 21 : 5 thou 
 gav est him long life ^y.'i th^^ for ever 
 and ever. 1 K. 1: 31 ^b?iirt 'SiNl '*n'^ 
 fcb'3>b let my lord the king live for ever. 
 Neh. 2: 3. In other places it is to be 
 taken strictly, e. g. Cb^S?): n^n to 
 live for ever, to be immortal, (like 
 God,) Gen. 3 : 22. Deut. 32: 40. It 
 refers (l.) to time to come, e. g. 
 b!:i5^ fi'^^.r ^^ eternal covenant. Gen. 
 9: 16. Dbis^b for ever, always. Gen. 
 6:3. 13:^15." 1 Sam. 13: 13. (2.) to 
 time past, Cbis? ni^ the days of old^ 
 former times, Deut. 32 : 7. DblS^^S in 
 ancient days, informer times. Gen. 6: 
 4. Ezek. 26: 20 Clbi:s? D^ the people 
 of former times, i. e. the manes of 
 the dead. Plur. D"'72bi5> eternity, and 
 as an adv. eternally, Ps. 61: 5. 77: 6. 
 145: 13. Is. 26: 4. 
 
 2. in Chald. and Talmud, the 
 world, like the Greek aimv. Hence 
 prob. worldly -mindedness, love of the 
 world, like aoGfxog in N. T. Ecc. 3: 
 
 n. 
 
 2*2^15? masc. plur. perverseness. Is. 19" 
 14,* for a'^l^'iy, from Iniy. Vulg. ver- 
 tigo, giddiness, which likewise makes, 
 very good sense. 
 
 'j'lU? to dwell, not used. Hence )'iSJ2 
 and 
 
 b^yj, bi:s>, comp. also D"^b^b?n. r)3l5? f. verbal from obsol. )rJ, dec 
 (The etymology is uncertain. It 
 cannot be derived from b^2? to suc- 
 kle ; since it does not properly in- 
 clude a suckling. Better, according 
 to Schultens, liter, a weaned child. 
 
 X. cohabitation, duty of marriage. 
 Once Ex. 21: 10. (Talmud, idem.) 
 Hos. 10: 10 Keri, according to the 
 usual punctuation, ni3i3> in theTar- 
 gumfurrows, (comp. H^^jg ;) but it 
 is better to point the word niDiy 
 sins. 
 
 from bby, in Arab, to soothe for the 
 
 loss of any thing, particularly a child 
 
 for the loss of its mother's breast; ,_. . ^^ *u -i. r n< 
 
 or from the Heb. bi.? in the sense (?." '" Keth.b for p.? q. v. 
 
 to be active, busy, for the signification ^i']'^ m. rarely pl^, plur. D^3T^. and 
 to play, sport, is not demonstrable.) j^- . ^.^ ^^^ jjj ^; ^^^^^ perverseness, 
 
 n'lb'Pl^J? a gleaning. See VmbV-. from Hi 2?. Hence 
 
yi:? 
 
 483 
 
 "1^^ 
 
 1. 52W, guilty iniquity. Gen. 4 : 13. 
 15:16. Job 31:11 W'b^bj^ p2? a crime 
 to be punished by the judges ; comp. 
 verse 28. 19:29 Snn ni:iy a crime 
 
 V IT -i 
 
 to be punished by the sword. Ezek.21: 
 30 [21 :25] yp. ]i^^ a crime which 
 leads to destruction. Verse 34. 35 : 5. 
 comp. Gen. 15: 16 the iniquity of the 
 Jimorites is not yet full. 
 
 2. more rarely, punishment for 
 sin^ suffering.^ affliction. 2 Sam. 16 : 
 12. Is. 5: 18, 
 
 I. C]'^3? to fly ; spoken of birds, Is. 31: 
 
 6. Prov. 26: 2. of the arrow, Ps. 91: 
 5. Metaphorically to fly away., spok- 
 en of a dream, Job 20 : 8. of human 
 life, Ps. 90: 10. of an army. Is. 60: 8. 
 comp. 11: 14. 
 
 Pil. qsiis? 1. to fly .^ as in Kal. Gen. 
 1:20. Is. 6: 2. 
 
 2. to brandish (a sword.) Ezek. 
 32: 10. 
 
 Hiph. to let fly. Prov. 23: 5 Keri. 
 
 Hithpalel, to fly away.^to disappear. 
 Hos. 9:11. 
 IL DIU? \. to be darkened.^ to be in 
 darkness. Once Job 11: 17 risi^n 
 nijiin ^1^.23 {now) thou art in dark- 
 ness., i. e. in adversity, {then) sJuxlt 
 thou ke as the morning. (Syr. '^S 
 to wrap up.) Deriv. ?115>73, Pj^l^, 
 
 2. to be wrapt in darkness., to be 
 faint.) weary. Fut. Pj^^T (to distinguish 
 it from P)y;T he few.) 1 Sam. 14: 28. 
 Judg. 4 :"21. Comp. ^ti^. (Syr. 
 
 A 
 
 .aoi^ to be weary., faint ; Ethpa. to 
 faint or swoon away. Comp. 5)^.3? 
 faint., weary ; and the kindred verb 
 
 fji'^ to be weary.) 
 
 JjIS? m. collect, birds, fowls. Gen. 1:21, 
 30. In Chald. idem. Dan. 2: 38. 7:6. 
 
 Y^^ to advise, to take counsel, i. q. V^y^, 
 Found only in theimper. sj^y, Judg. 
 19: 30. Is. 8: 10. 
 
 yi^ f. Uz, the proper name of a peo- 
 ple and country^ according to the 
 Sept. Avaixig, AvgItcv, a people and 
 
 country in the northern part of A- 
 rabia Deserta, between Palestine on 
 the east s^d Mesopotamia on the 
 west. The bible appears to ascribe 
 to this people a diversity of origin, 
 namely, immediately from Aram, 
 Gen. 10: 23. from Nahor an Aramean, 
 22: 21. from Seir, whose posterity 
 dwelt in Idumea, 36 : 28. Such dif- 
 ferences are likewise found in refer- 
 ence to other nations mentioned in 
 the book of Genesis. (Comp. Vater's 
 Commentar lib. d. Pentateuch, Th. 
 
 1. p. 152.) The other passages 
 where this word occurs are Job 1:1. 
 comp. verse 3, where Job is called 
 ^"^R-"!^ w inhabitant of the east, 
 (see D^ii:.) Jer. 25 : 20, where the 
 kings of Uz are mentioned between 
 those of Egypt and Philistia; and 
 Lam. 4 : 21, where the territory of 
 Edom extends to Uz. There is no 
 necessity, according to this view, for 
 supposing different places of this 
 name. Comp. particularly Rosen- 
 miilleri Comment, in Job. Prolegom. 
 5. For other views, see Bocharti 
 Phaleg, II. 8. Eichhorn's Einleit. in 
 das A. T. 639. 
 
 p^^ or p*^y to bow or be pressed down; 
 
 in Hiph. to bow or press down. Both 
 conjugations are found Am. 2:13. 
 
 (In Aram, p^y, tJDo:^ i. q. Heb. priit 
 
 to be pressed.) Deriv. ilp V, njjy n?2- 
 
 1*13? m. dec. I. 
 
 1. the human skin. Ex. 34: 30, 35. 
 
 Job 7: 5. 
 
 2. the hide or skin of an animal. 
 Gen. 3: 21. Plur. n^^^:> skins, Gen. 
 27: 16. 
 
 3. leather, 'nii? M^.^V^ something 
 made of leather. Lev. 13: 48. 
 
 "n*^^ 1. to awake from sleep ; hence to 
 rouse or get up. In Kal found only in 
 the imper. !T^^i>, fem. 'ins?, azvake ! 
 up! Ps. 44:24'''3Hn V-i^\n ;i7ab n^n^)!? 
 awake, why sleepest thou, O Lord f 
 Ps. 7: 7. Is. 51: 9. 
 
 2. to be awake, to watch. Cant. 5 : 
 
 2. Mai. 2 : 13 tlZis?'} '-iS'. the watching 
 (ilfid answering, prob. a proverbial 
 
m3? '184 t:? 
 
 phrase for every living being, (like >-^^^ Chald. cha^. Once Dan. 2 : 33. 
 
 riHT^i "^^^^0 the origin of which, . 
 
 however, has not hecp ntisfaclwily ^ ' ' ^ * '"<^"^J 
 
 explained. Jerome : inagister et dis- 113^ to he blind ; comp. the Arab. 
 
 cipulus. ^x 
 
 3. causat to stir up. ^oh 41:2 [41: p.c ^o 6e 6/tW o/ one eye. Hence 
 10] Kori. In the Kethib l-'y; the ^-^ j y xc 
 
 fut. of Hiph. ^*'- ^?.^. ^^ blind, to deprive of sight. 
 
 Niph. '\VJl, fut. "I'li?:, pass, of Pi. 2 K. 25 : 7. Jer. 39 : 7. Metaphori- 
 and Hiph. cally Ex. 23: 8. Deut. 16: 19. Syr. 
 
 1. to be waked or roused from sleep. ^qv^ idem. 
 Job M: 12. Zech. 4: 1. 
 
 2. to be stirred or raised up, to rise 1^.5? m. verbal adj. from '^l^, dec. VII. 
 7/;;/ spoken of a wind, Jer. 25: 32. h. t/tm^. Ex. 4: 11. Lev. 19: 14. 
 of a people, Jer. 6: 22. Joel 4: 12. Metaphorically Is. 42: 7. Ps. 146: 8. 
 |3: 12.1 of Jehovah, Zech. 2 : 17. .;-.--, ^ , r ^, i,- , 
 
 K -.. y ' II^IJ? m. verbal from 1iy, blmdness. 
 
 Pil. nii5> 1. to awaken from sleep. Deut. 28: 20. Zech. 12: 4. 
 Cant. 2: 7. 3: 5. 8: 4. rTI^S? f verbal from ni:^, it/cm. Lev. 
 
 2. <o stir up, excite, e. g. conten- gg. g^ 
 
 lion, Prov. 10: 12. to call forth, e.g. ^^' /* ,, .l ^ .r. 
 
 strength, Ps. 00:3. Job 3:0 U^T^,:?^ ^^^ "" assemble or gather together. 
 jn^lb 'inii? 5A;i7/'ai io sar up the h- Once Joel 4: 11, 
 viathan. T\^V found only Is. 60: 4. Vulg. ^- 
 
 3. to lift up, brandish, e. g. a tentare. Aqu. vnoavTjQlaat. Comp.. 
 spear, 2 Sam. 23: 10. a scourge, Is. ^^^ ^^.^i, C!:>\i: .wccwrn/, .m^^en tot<. 
 10: 26. . o . 
 
 4. jlomwewjR, ^0 femR Is. 23: 13 Others, following the Septuagmt, 
 J-rniZ/JIwN n-^n^:? they (the Chalde- tempestive loqui, as if a denom. from 
 ans) builded her palaces. Parall. *^"^'* 
 
 :i7j->pji. (Comp. the Greek //f/o.ui/ nl5? found only in Pi. T\^p, to bend, 
 
 V(x6i>, t()6:jioi'.) make crooked, pervert. Ecc. 7:13. 
 
 Hiph. i. q. Pi. E. g. judgment. Job 8 : 3. 34 : 12. 
 
 1. to awaken from sleep. Zech. 4: comp. Amos 8 : 5. also in reference 
 I. Cant. 2: 7. 3: 5. 0: 4. to the person, Lam. 3: 36 to subvert 
 
 2. to stir up, e. g. the leviathan, ^ .,rian in his cause. Job 19: 6. Ps. 
 Job 41: 2 [41: 10] Keth. Deut. 32: i\<}: 73. ^-^1 m.:? to pervert the 
 11 i:p. ^^3^.; ^'0^:2 08 the eagle stir- ^^y ^j ^^^ '^^ ^l ' i,^a astray, Ps. 
 rcth up her nest, i. e. her nestlings. 146: 9. 
 
 Jerome: provocat ad volandum. Pre- Pu. part, crooked. Ecc. 1: 15. 
 quently used of Jehovah, to raise up Ilithpa. to bend one'^s self to bow 
 any one. Is. 45: 13. Jer. 60: 9. to Sown. Ecc. 12: 3. 
 stir up the spirit of any one, i. e. to j-j->^3j f (^ith Kamets impure) strict- 
 urge him on, 1 Chr. 5 : 26. 2 Chr. *::<- ^ ^ ' 
 21? 1(5. ly the Aramean mhn. from n2^, 
 
 3. intmns. to awake. Ps. 35 : 23. wrong, oppression. Lam. 3: 59. 
 Construed with by for any one. Job ^j; f^m. j-jtsj^ phir. n'^yj, verbal frohi 
 8" 6 " - * * 
 
 ' Hithpal. 1. to awake, to rise up. Is. ^1^. ^^c- V"^- ^ 
 
 51 : 17. 64: 6. Construed with b'J 1. as an adj. strong, mr^% ; spolt- 
 
 (/ffaimi any one. Job 17: 8. . , en of a nation, Num. 13: 28. of the 
 
 2. to rejoice, he elated. Job 31: 29. wind, Ex. 14: 21. of the wj^ve?. 
 
NT? 
 
 485 
 
 nt; 
 
 Neh. 9: 11. k 43: 16. of anger, 
 Gen. 49: 7. Pro v. 21: 14. 
 
 2. strongs well fortified^ munitus. 
 Num: 21: 24. 
 
 3. hard^ cruel. T^ '^bl^ a cruel 
 king^ Is. 19:4. a-^rs-jy of a fierce 
 or cruel countenance^ Deut. 28 : 50. 
 Dan. 8: 23. 
 
 4. as a subst. strength. Gen. 49: 3. 
 yj f. plur. D'^t:?. dec. VIII. b. (Arab. 
 
 5c/ 
 
 l.agoat. avr ""^.n a kid., Gen. 
 27 : 9. D"'Ty n-lJ an animal of the 
 goat kind^ Deut. 14: 4. 
 
 2. Plur. D'^Ti' goats^ hair. Ex. 2G: 
 7. 36: 14. 1 Sam. 19: 13. 
 ti?, rapely vy (Prov. 31: 17, 25.) be- 
 fore Makkeph -T^, with sufT. "^5, 
 also "^Ty, "^t:?, !i:n:?, verbal from 
 ny, dec. Vlil. d. and e, 
 
 1. strength., might., poxver, of God 
 or man. As an adv. with strength, 
 poxicerfully., Judg. 5: 21. 
 
 2. strength .fSecurity. Tb? ^"5^^ a strong 
 tower, Judg. 9:51. Ps. 30:8 V.mTsyn 
 tb> '^'T^Jl^ <^iOM /ifwi 7wa(ife my moun- 
 tain to stand strong. Hence meta- 
 phorically a refuge, protection, Ps.28: 
 8 V2b ty nin"^ Jehovah is their re- 
 fuge. 46: 2. 62: 8. 
 
 3. i. q. 1122 (with which it is of- 
 ten connected,) glory, majesty. Hab. 
 3: 4. Ps. 96: 6 nnfi^cni Ti^ glory and 
 majesty. Ps. 132 : 8 '^wy "jS-iwNt 
 the ark {the seat) of thy maj- 
 esty, spoken of the ark of the 
 covenant, otherwise called ^^'n^jJ 
 n'rn^ ^b3. 2 Chr. 6:41. Hence ly 
 Ps. 78 : 61, for the ark of the cove- 
 nant ; comp. 1 Sam. 4: 21, 22. 
 
 4. praise. Ps. 8: 3. 29: 1. 68: 35. 
 99: 4. Ex. 15: 2. 2 Chr. 30: 21 -"'^rS 
 t5> instrnmenta laudis, in hudatione 
 Dei adhibita. 
 
 5. D":-: vj Ecc. 8: 1. an arrogant 
 or wicked look. 
 
 7TJ^T3> m. found only Lev. 16: 8, 10, 
 
 26. a difficult word, which has been 
 variously explained. It denotes (l.) 
 the place in the wild^^rness whither 
 the second goat was sent. Thus ver. 
 10 M-^2^72ri i^TN^^'/r; inx nVtb, and 
 ver. 26 ?TNTy'^ n'':;\L*n-nN nV^^^n. 
 Accordingly some Jewish commen- 
 tators (see Bocharti Ilieroz. I. p. 
 650.) have rendered it, a rough des- 
 ert mountain. The form of the word 
 is considered then as an Arabic plu- 
 ralis fractus \ Af iC from ^ iz to 
 
 separate, particularlyy*rom human so- 
 ciety ; hence solitudes, deserts, i. q. 
 h^ya 7-;iwX in verse 22. Or (2.) 
 the name of an evil demon, suppo- 
 sed to reside in the wilderness, to 
 which this goat was devoted and 
 sent away. This would accord well 
 with verse 8, where there is an an- 
 tithesis between nitT^band bUNT^b. 
 The later Jews, as well as the early 
 Christians and Mohammedans, speak 
 of an evil angel of this name. See 
 Spencer de Leg. Hebr. ritualibus, 
 Lib. 111. Diss. VIII. Reland de Relig. 
 Mohammed, p. 189. But as the 
 pentateuch gives no proper names 
 of angels and is entirely silent con- 
 cerning evil angels, it is possible 
 that .flsasel is the name of an idol, 
 and that this rite on the day of ex- 
 piation was in imitation of some idol- 
 atrous ceremony. The names of 
 idols are not unfrequently tnmster- 
 red to evil angels, comp. Adrantmc- 
 lech. Or (3.) less plausibly, accord- 
 ing to the Sept. Syram. Theod. Vulg. 
 the name of the goat itself, (Sept. 
 a7iOTrof.niaiog, Vulg. emissarius, 
 Symm. aneQyottfvog and auoXflvfie- 
 vog ;) and to be rendered the goat 
 sent off. In this case it is derived 
 from T<' a goat and bT^J to go away ; 
 but T3? denotes a she-goat, not a he- 
 goat and the rendering of b by as is 
 considerably harsh. 
 
 dt;', fut. nu-:. 
 
 - T 
 
 1 . to leave or forsake a place, per- 
 son or thing ; e. g. Jehovah, Is. 1 : 
 4. Deut. 31 : 16. Jer. 5 : 19. a law 
 or covenant, Prov^ 28: 4. 
 
St? 
 
 486 
 
 m 
 
 ^. io leave behind^ to leave in any 
 way. Gen. 39: 12, 13. 50:8. 39:6 
 PlDi"' Vn ib ^^iNt-i^3 iT?^!T and he 
 left all tJutt he had in the hand of Jo- 
 seph. Mai. 3: 19. Construed with ^, 
 ^fi^, and i:^, to leave or commit ioany 
 one, Ps. 49:11 Dlb'^n D-'nnt<b naTyi 
 and they leave their goods to others. 
 Job 39: 11. Intrans. Ps. 10: 14 T^:? 
 
 f V T 
 
 -Jlisbri ity^ ^'*^ unfortunate commits 
 himself to thee. 
 
 3. to leave off.^ cease^ construed 
 with b and an infin. Hos. 4:10. comp. 
 Prov.'28:13. 
 
 4. to give up^ to dismiss. Gen. 24: 
 27 D^;^. ii!:n nr:^ i<b "i^n tsy^o has 
 not dismissed his favour from etc. 
 Ruth 2: 20. Ps. 37 : 8 n^H nt^ rfw- 
 mm anger. 
 
 5. io 56/ /ree, the opposite of to 
 shut up. Hence n^T^I *\n:iCy i/ie shut 
 wjo an(? r^e set free., i. e. the bond and 
 the free, a proverbial expression for 
 all even to the lowest., Deut. 32 : 36, 
 1 K.14 : 10. 21: 21. 2 K. 9:8. 14: 26. 
 Others : the married (comp. ^Arab. 
 
 r*^^) paterfamilias.,) and the single 
 
 (comp. Arab, ^rjr*^' ccdebs.) Oth- 
 ers ; the laid up and the neglected.^.e. 
 the costly and the worthless, every 
 thing whatever ; but the phrase re^ 
 fers to persons wherever it occurs. 
 
 Niph. to be forsaken. Nell, 13: 11. 
 Is. 7: 16. 
 
 Pu. ideyn. Is. 32: 14. 
 
 |li^^ m. dec. III. d. found only in 
 the plur. a'';iST>, probably a techni- 
 cal word of merchants, nearly sy- 
 nonymous with S'n?.^ trade., com- 
 merce., (from ^l^ to give up., transfer .^ 
 hence to sell.) Hence 
 
 1. a market place., bazar .^ a fair. E- 
 
 zek. 27 : 19 Dan and Javan bT=)i73 
 
 t 
 
 :i2n: ^"jDhpn brought cloth to thy 
 fairs. Verse 16. So in verses 12, 
 14, 22, where the prefix z is omit- 
 ted before this word, but inserted 
 before the wares. 
 
 2. merchandize., joined with 'yi'n, 
 Ezek. 27: 27, 33. Comp. ^riD. 
 ni3? Gaza^ the proper name of a con- 
 siderable city on the southern bound- 
 ary of Palestine, one of the 5 prin- 
 cipal cities of the Philistines. Sept. 
 TuCu. It was assigned to the 
 tribe of Judah, (Josh. 15: 47.) by 
 whom it was actually taken, (Judg-. 
 1: 18.) but afterwards lost again. 1 
 Sam. 6: 17. See Reland'i Palaestina, 
 p. 788800. Bellermann's Hand- 
 buch der bibl. Literatur, Th. III. p. 
 24. The gentile noun is TiT^? Judg. 
 16:2. 
 
 iTlDIT)^ f- verbal from ITy, a forsaking 
 
 or leaving desolate., derelictio. Is.6:12. 
 
 comp. the verb Is. 17: 2. Jer. 4: 29. 
 
 'f'^TP m. verbal from tT?, strong. Ps. 
 
 24: 8. As a collective, the strong., the 
 
 mighty.. Is. 43: 17. 
 ^'^T^' ! verbal from Tt:j, dec, I. 
 
 strength; of war, Is. 42: 25. of God, 
 
 Ps. 78: 4. 145: 6. 
 tt3?, fut. ti?;, infin. Tn5>. l.tobe OTshow 
 
 ~ T 
 
 one''s self strong., mighty. Ps. 89 : 14. 
 68 : 29 QTlb^?. ^Vl^ show thyself 
 mighty, O God." 52:^9. Judg. 3 : 10 
 
 cn^ui^n "jui^^ bj^ ii^ Tym and his 
 
 hand was strong against Chushan-rish- 
 athaim., i.e. he conquered him. 6: 2. 
 Dan.' II: 12 Tn5>; tip') and he shall not 
 be strong., i. e. prevail. Ps. 9 : 20. 
 Prov. 8: 28 Dinn DTi"':?. tity? when 
 the fountains of the deep were strong ; 
 i. e. raged with violence ; comp. 
 D>T^ D*:^ Neh. 9 : 11. Is. 43: 16, 
 
 (Syr. 1-^ Ethpa. infremuit., efferbuit.) 
 2. causat. io make strong or migh' 
 
 tv. Ecc. 7:19 D^nb I'^n n72nn 
 
 J TTT T T;T~ 
 
 ^^l wisdom makes a wise mxin strong- 
 
 er than ten etc. Arab. J^ fut. O. to 
 make strong. Others : protects him 
 more than ten etc. Comp, then T3? 
 no. 2. and T":?)3. 
 
 Hiph. Tyn, joined with n'^:s, to piit 
 on a fierce or impudent countenance. 
 
w 
 
 It::!' 487 nt23> 
 
 Prov. 7: 13. Constraed with 2, 21: victory over them. Dan. 11: 34. So 
 29. Comp. t:^ no. 3. 7i> no. 6. * the Arabians say : adjutusest [aDeo^) 
 
 Deriv. T3>,'ti>, T^Ti?, n T3^, Vs>J2. for vicit. 
 
 vah) Uzziah^ the proper name of a ^^ jj^ j^g^j 
 
 king of Judah. 2 K. 15: 13, 30, 32, ^. .*, ^ ^^^^ ^ , , /. 
 
 34. Is. 1:1. 6:1.7:1. Hos. 1 : 1. ^?.?. "^- ^^^^ '"^- '^H' ' ^^^^^^ ^"^"^ 
 Am. 1: 1. In the second book of ^T!?, dec. VI. j. help. Often as a 
 Kings, (chap. 14: 21. 15: 1, 6, 8, 23, concrete, a helper, Ps. 70: 6. 115; 9. 
 27.) it is likewise written n^-)]?^ even a female. Gen. 2: 18, 20. 
 and 1 n;^7?;, without any mention of ^^jj? E^^a, the proper name of a well 
 a change in his name. The latter k'own priest and scribe, who was 
 forms, therefore may have arisen Jj^^ j ^ting the return 
 
 from an error of the ancient trans- ^^ (^^ j^^^ ^^^^ 7. ^^ ^^. j, 
 cribers. bucn corruptions are no- _^,, ^ ,.^ 
 
 where more frequent than in prop- Hnp f- Ps. 22 : 20. Is. 10: 3. and 
 ^r "an^es. j^^^Uj (lil^^ j^^^^N Ps, 60: 13. 108: 
 
 r;*2T5? f. Lev. 11 : 13. Deut. 14 : 1^. ,^ ' V,, n ' '*' --,* p 
 T-:* 13. with He paragogic nnnts? Fs. 
 
 according to the Sept. and Jerome, 44. 27. verbal from ^TS, dec. XIL 
 
 ,fco.prayor.e<^fe. (Arab. W/C ^'y'^- j. ^ j^ter Aramean word for 
 
 in the lexicons, nomen avts, aut aqut- -rx-; 
 
 fo, awi a^wi/a similis.) the more ancient 'niSn a cowrt (be- 
 
 pT3? found only in Pi. pt5? <o rfig- a6o^^ fore the temple.) 2 Chr. 4: 9. 6: 13. 
 
 ' ~ -^ . " ' (In the Targums frequently.) The 
 
 Is. 5: 2. (Arab. ^J^ idem.) Also to derivation is not clear, prob, as if. 
 
 dig in., to engrave ; hence from nT2> in Arab, cohibuit., prohibuit^ 
 
 J<pT3? f Chald. a smlring. Dan. 6:18. kindred with n2:j to .^i in. 
 
 ^^' ' p ^^ 2. a settle or terrace (of the altar,) 
 
 (Syr. ] A)V^ irfem.) prob. because in the court of the 
 
 ^^^.. ^ V *u temple. Ezek. 43: 14, 17, 20, 
 
 npt3? proper name of a city m the ^ ^ 
 
 ''" ^n^^ see Hi?. 
 
 tribe of Judah. Josh. 10: 10. 15:35. '"" . / , ,^ ,. . ,. 
 
 1 Sam. 17: 1. Neh. 11: 30. Jer.34: ^^^, m. (prob. a verbal from the Arab. 
 2. Relandi Pal^stina, p. 603. "l\^ ^^^ y^^ ^^ ^^ .,^^ 
 
 "^T^, fut. 'nt^^^plur. q nu;:, to Ae/p, ai(^, | , ^^ ^Vo ^^y/g or pen for writing. 
 
 a55m, most commonly construed with Job 19: 24. Jer. 17: 1. 
 an accus. of the person; e. g. ':n73> 2. perhaps also a reed for writing., 
 
 help me. Ps. 109: 26. etc. More ^are- calamus. Jer 8: 8. comp the use of 
 
 ly and in the later writings with b , ^^^ pen-knife, (Jer. 36: 23.) 
 
 2 Sam. 8: 5. 21:17. 1 Chr. 18: 5. ^^?. ^hald. verbal from U^, i- q. 
 22: 17. 2 Chr. 19:2. 26: 13. 28: 16. Heb. ^:zycoumel,understanding.,'a}is' 
 Job. 26: 2. with' 02?., 1 Chr. 12 : 21. dom. Da'n. 2: 14 tn^^ Nt3^ n^nlTT 
 with 'nriN, 1 K. r:7 ^:im ^IT^-^l rjr^N^ he replied to 'Arioch wisdat^ 
 tn^:hN and they helped the party of ^^^ 'understanding., i. e. he made to 
 Adonijah. him a wise and rational address; 
 
 Niph. to obtain help., to be helped., comp. Prov. 26: 16. 
 }uvari. 2 Chr. 26 : 15 1 Chr. 5: 20 j ^^^ ,. ^ ^ j^j^ x ^^ ^^ ^^ 
 DSl^k?, ^ *!?,:.!! and they were helped ^* ^ ^r,% '^"' ^^ C ' 
 
 against them] i. e. God gave .aem the lay hold of. Is. 22 : 17. Construe* 
 
tqt::? 
 
 488 
 
 nt::' 
 
 with r5<, to seize unjustly or improp- 
 erly^ 1 Sam. 15: 19. and 14 : 32, 
 (where the Keri c:y^T is the correct 
 reading.) For the form nia^'^ E- 
 zek. 21: 20, see under Db^Q. 
 II. n^::? On Arab, with p.) 
 
 1. to cover ^ construed with 1:^, 
 liter, to cover over any thing. (Comp. 
 noiD and other verbs of covering.) 
 LeV. 13: 45. Ezek. 24: 17, 22. Mic. 
 3: 7. 
 
 2. to cover or c/o^^e one'* self^ to 
 put on a garment, construed with an 
 accus. Ps. 104: 2 /^T^ir'l)? -\TjX ng> 
 he puts on light^ as a garment. 109: 
 19, 29. 71: 13. Jer. 43 : 12 nt2^;i 
 
 and he shall put on the land of Egypt, 
 as a shepherd puts on his garment, a 
 bolder figure than the more com- 
 mon expression ^?n to overturn or 
 destroy a country. Part. fern. Ti"QV 
 Cant. 1: 7. G covered female, i. e. ei- 
 ther a mourner, or a harlot, which 
 were distinguished by their dress. 
 See Gen. 38: 14. 
 
 Hiph. Jlt:^;:! to cover, construed 
 
 1. to cover, to clothe, i. q. ilt22>, /or 
 which it frequently stands in Chalda- 
 ic. (Arab. <^^C conj. IV. to put 
 
 V 
 
 on. Syr. .2..^^ to be clothed.) Ps. 
 73: 6. 
 
 2. to be covered, concealed, con- 
 strued with an accus. Ps. 65 : 14 
 ^m ^12^2 '^"'P.^?, ^^^ valleys are 
 covered with corn. Without cases. 
 Job 23: 9 j"')2^ ?)t2"2 ^^^ ^^ concealed 
 in the south. Deriv. nistJ^'IO gar- 
 ments. 
 
 3. to be covered in night ; hence to 
 faint, languish, waste away. (Comp. 
 
 ;):15? no.U.2.) Ps,102:l. 61:a ;it:?3 
 "^sb when my heart languishes. Is. 57: 
 16. Part. pass. >)m3> wasted, Lam. 2: 
 19. Also weak, feeble in any way, 
 spoken of cattle. Gen. 30: 42. 
 
 Niph. i. q. Kal no. 3. Lam. 2: 11. 
 
 Hiph. idem. Gen. 30: 42. 
 
 Hithpa. to faint, languish. Ps. 142: 
 4 "^n^n "^by rit:,:?nn3 when my spir- 
 it faints within me. 143:4. 77: 4. 
 Joined with tjs: , Jon. 2 : 7. Ps. 
 107: 5. 
 
 with two accus. Ps. 84:7 m:D^2-a -j^j? to mrround ; either in a hostile 
 tl*\i^ ^i^.^!: clI^o tl^^ early rain covers 
 it with blessings. Also with 7^ be- 
 fore the object covered, Ps. 89: 46. 
 
 Deriv. tlu^v'TS. 
 j^tO? m. dec. i. prob. i. q. Chald. 
 
 N"::::? a side, (by a commutation of 
 J2 and :, see page 336.) Job 21 : 24 
 nbn lNr73 T^j"'i:3?. Ms sides are full of 
 milk, i.e. full with milk, or well nour- 
 ished. Better to read ^kt},full of ^^^' ^ I' ^.^m. i ^;^., 
 fat. Sept. lyyiaza. Vulg. 4cer. ^^AV' ^'^"'^- ^^^?' P^"^' ^'^^^^^^ 
 
 manner, construed with b5<, 1 Sam. 
 23 : 26 or for protection, "with two 
 accus. Ps. 5: 13. 
 
 Pi. 1X221 to crown. Construed with 
 two accus.' Ps. 8: 6. 65: 12. 103: 4. 
 with a dative of the person, Cant.3: 
 11 . 
 
 Hiph. Is. 23 : 8 r^y^^yj^ti Si: 
 
 Tyre, the crowning, i. e. the distribu- 
 tor of crowns. 
 
 Syr. latera ejus. 
 T'i'^^L^'^ m. dec. X. a sneezing. Job 41: 
 
 10. [41 : 18.] (Arab. (jjuilC io 
 
 sneeze; Chald. "iliu^l^n?! idem.) 
 Tj V^?. m. dec. Vn. f. a bat . Lev. 11: 
 
 19. Is. 2: 20. Perhaps compounded 
 
 ^^ A-^^ caliginosa fuit nox and 7\S>, 
 volans. The 2? is olten lost in com- 
 position. 
 S'OJ?, fut. iqt:?.: . 
 
 verbal from ^"^'J, dec. XI. d. a 
 crown, diadem. 2 Sam. 12 : 30. Of- 
 ten figuratively, e. g. Job 19 : 9 he 
 hath taken the crown from my head. 
 Prov. 12:4 a virtuous woman is a 
 crown to her husband. 14: 24. 16: 31. 
 17: 6. 
 ni'nD^J' {crowns) a proper name. 
 
 1. a city in the tribe of Gad. 
 Num. 32: 3, 34. 
 
 2.^another in the tribe of E- 
 phrHifn, Josh. 16 : 7. which is also 
 
r::? 
 
 489 
 
 V^ 
 
 called ^^N-n'l'^D^ {the crowns of '^^^ Arab. Llc for is^c to become 
 
 wroth^ to fall into a passion. 1 Sam. 
 25: 14 CJ12 12?:*T and he became wroth 
 
 with them. (Syr. ..^A:i.Z| to be dis- 
 
 pleased.^ angry, [^xl^ displeasure^ an- 
 
 h- / . ^ ^fi^-) Hence 
 
 ^J? m. (,a contraction of tir, from hiy ..f,, '^ , , ^ ...*. i xn r- 
 ^ ,' , '^ J^3? m. verbal from t2'^y, dec. VI. f. 
 
 Mdar) Josh. 16: 5. 18: 13. 
 
 3. n^i"^ n^z nilt:? (^Ae crowns of 
 the house ofJoab) a city in the tribe 
 of Judah. Once 1 Chr. 2: 54. 
 
 4. ]D'!U5 ni'-icy a city in the tribe 
 of Gad. Once Num. 32: 35. 
 
 to overturn, destroy^) plur. D'^'^y , dec. 
 VIII. 
 
 Jer, 12 : 9. 
 
 1. a heap., ruin. Mic. 1 : 6. Jer. 
 26: 17. Mic. 3: 12. Ps. 79: 1. Comp. 
 
 2. d'^'>' Num. 33: 45. and more in 
 full C^^nrrr i'^" verse 44. 21 : 1 
 
 1. a ravenous beast. 
 Particularly 
 
 2. as a collective, birds of prey. 
 Gen. 15: 11. Is. 18:6. 46: 11. Ezek. 
 39:4. 
 
 tliJ^^ the proper name of a city in 
 
 {hills of mount Marim.) a part of the tribe of Judah, 1 Chr. 4 : 3, 32. 
 mount Abarim. 2 Chr. 11:6. and of a rock named 
 
 3. D"'^^- a city in the tribe of Ju- therefrom, Judg. 15: 8, 11. 
 dah. Josh. 15: 29. '31^''? m. i. q. Clbi^ eternity. 2 Chr. 
 
 "'^ proper name of a Canaanitish city 33: 7. 
 
 the residence of a king, west of Be- D^'^3? the proper name of a country 
 thel, and on the northern boundary 
 
 of the tribe of Benjamin. Gen. 12. 8. 
 13: 3. Josh. 7 : 2 ff. 8: 1 ff. Ezra 2: 
 28. Sept. ^Jyyal. Vulg. Hai. In- 
 stead of this name we find fit*y Neh. 
 11:31. and T\''V Is. 10: 28. 
 T'"^^ or D"!^ found only in the fut. 
 ^a^'i?^ Lam. 2: 1. according to the 
 Sept. Vulg. and the Hebrew com- 
 mentators, to darken^ obscure ; (comp. 
 V\^:^ no. II.) Hence IV darkness., a 
 cloud. Or according to the Arab. 
 
 V--*'*^ med, Je to disgrace ; comp. 
 the Syr. '"~>tS idem. 
 
 ^"2^^ 
 
 a proper name. 
 
 1. a various reading for bil5> q. v. 
 
 2. the northern peak of mount 
 
 strictly Elymais in the south of Me- 
 dia, but used generally in a wi- 
 der sense for Media itself. So 
 e. g. Dan. 8 : 2, where it includes 
 the city Shushan. Gen. 10: 22. 14: 
 1. Is. 11:11. 22:6. Jer. 25:25. 49: 
 34 ff. Ezek. 32: 24. In most of 
 these passages Elam is represented 
 as a contentious people, causing dis- 
 turbance to the neighbouring nations. 
 Strabo says as much concerning the 
 inhabitants of Elymais. See Bo- 
 charti Geogr. Sacra, II. 2. Michaelis 
 Spicileg. II. 68. 
 D*^5? (with Kamets impure) ardour^ 
 violence. Once Is. It: 15 in^n d^?.? 
 by his violent wind. Sept. tv nvfVfia- 
 Ti l^iaio). 
 
 Ephraim, (D^p.a is the southern,) a ']'^?com. gen. (more frequently fem.) 
 
 naked unfruitful rock. Deut. 1 1 : 29. 
 Josh. 8: 30. Sept. Fac^dcX. Vulg. 
 Hebal. 
 
 ^*)^3? {ruins) the proper name of a for- 
 tified city in the tribe of Naphtali. 1 
 K. 15:20. 2 Chr. 16:4. 
 
 n'l*? f 1 Chr. 1 : 46 Keth. for n''")^ 
 q. V. 
 
 . 62 
 
 dual Qll'^y (which stands also for 
 the plural Zech. 3 : 9.) prim. dec. 
 VI. f 
 
 1. an eye. y^^b 'ntj"^ to see with 
 the eye, Ezek. 12:*12.' The follow- 
 ing phrases are worthy of notice,( 1 .) 
 E '^2'^yb before the eyes of any one. 
 Gen. 23: 11, 18. Ex. 4 : 30. (2.) 
 b 3/3?2 in the eyes, i.e. m the judg- 
 
r? 
 
 ment or opinion, of any one. It of- 
 ten conveys the idea of seeming or 
 appearing. Gen. 19: 14pn^^^'^n^2 
 T'2nn *'2"'i-2 hut he appeared to his 
 sons-in-law to jest. 29 : 20. 2 Sam. 
 10:3. Hence '2^i;3 yn, niD w/ia^ 
 appears to me good,, evil. See the 
 articles irj, nD^, ^'iJ^, 5>^; , etc. 
 (3.) 't ''2^2;?^, behind the back or 
 zvithout the knowledge of any one. 
 Num. 15: 24. (4.) D-^ri? I""?, between 
 the eyes^ on the forehead. Ex. 13: 9, 
 16. Dent. 6: 8. 11: 18. Spoken also 
 of the fore-part of the head, Deut. 
 14: 1. (5.) b^' fjy tl'^p to fix the 
 eye on any one, usually to regard 
 him with favour^ (like b^ CDS 0"*^!? 
 to regard with anger.) E. g. Gen. 
 44: 22 l-ir:^ ^2^y> n^'^tJN / tiyi/Z fee 
 gracious to him. Jer. 39 : 12. 40 : 4. 
 Job 24 : 23. Ezra 5 : 5. Construed 
 with bi^., Ps. 33:18. 34: 16. with 2, 
 Beut. 11: 12. (comp. further Zech. 
 12: 4. 1 K. 8: 29, 52.) But in 
 Am. 9: 8, in a bad sense, it is used 
 of the angry countenance of Jeho- 
 vah, (otherwise 5*^3 S.) So in verse 
 4, with the addition^ tl^^.b : on the 
 contrary Jer. 24: 6, in a good sense, 
 with nniDb. In the N. T. comp. 
 1 Pet. 3 : 12. Since many of the 
 passions, such as envy, pride, pity, 
 desire, are expressed by the eye, so 
 in the biblical style they are often 
 ascribed to this organ, though strict- 
 ly applicable only to the person. 
 (Comp. the articles 0^n,lr;^3 no. 5. 
 ^^-i ^'^"^) Further ni^n d^rs^ 
 prmid eyes., i. e. pride, arrogance, 
 Prov. 6: 17. Ps. 18: 28. comp. Dni 
 C'^2'^5> pride.) arrogance. 
 
 2. a head or bubble., in wine. Prov. 
 23: 31. 
 
 3. perhaps a look. Cant. 4: 9 
 rj'^rrD lnJ<2 ^:ri^2b thou hast stolen 
 my heart by one of thy looks. Oth- 
 ers : with one {look) from thine eyes. 
 
 4. face^ countenance.) like DT^C. Ps. 
 6:8. y:^z y,^face io /ace, Num. 14: 
 14. Is: 52: 8. Some other passages, 
 usually placed under this signitica- 
 
 490 j'^^" 
 
 tion, belong elsewhere; e.g. lSam= 
 16: 12 &^r?.lns^ with beautiful eyes; 
 so Gen. 29 : 17." See ^"n. Hence JM 
 
 5. the surface. Ex." 10 : 5 y9 ^ 
 y^Ntl the surface of the land. Verse 
 15." Num. 22: 5, 11. 
 
 6. appearance., form. Nnm. 11: 7. 
 Lev. 13: 5, 55. Ezek. 1: 4 ff. 10: 9. 
 Dan. 10: 6. 
 
 7. with a plur. ni:;??, const. ni3"'y, 
 a springy fountain; (comp. 'j^^'?.) 
 Gen. 16: 7. 24: 29, 30, 42. The 
 eye is a fountain of tears, which 
 may have led to this signification of 
 the word. The plur. fem. or neu- 
 ter is used to express things with- 
 out life, see Gesenius' Lehrgeb. 
 125. 3. 
 
 8. In the preceding signification, 
 it stands before many geographical 
 names ; the most remarkable of 
 which are (l.) ''^a yi {fountain of 
 the kid) a city in the tribe of Judah, 
 not far from the southern point of 
 the Dead sea, fruitful in palms. 
 In Pliny, (Hist. Nat. v. 17.) Engad- 
 da. Josh. 15: 62. 1 Sam. 24: 1. E- 
 zek. 47: 10. Cant. 1: 14. Its more 
 ancient name was '^^^"IT^^^n q. v. 
 (2.) ^iXI f?. Ps. 83* 11. and ipv 
 ^i-:; Josh. 17 : 11. 1 Sam. 28: 7. a 
 city in the tribe of Manasseh. (3.) 
 t:s'*a72 y^V {fountain of judgment) 
 found only Gen. 14: 7. i.q. fin^l?: ^73 
 {waters of contention) name of a foun- 
 tain in the desert of Sin, otherwise 
 called ilJnj^. The name is there 
 used by a prolepsis, for it originated 
 at a later period, see Num. 10: 1 
 13. (4.) D"]c\'^. ]"? {fountain of two 
 calves) a place on the northern point 
 of the Dead sea. Once Ezek. 47: 
 10. (5.) bsi )^:^, {fountain of the 
 spy^ or, according to the Targum, 
 of the fuller., for he treads his clothes 
 with his feet, comp. b^"^,) a foun- 
 tain on the southeast of Jerusalem, 
 on the borders of the tribes Judah 
 and Benjamin. Josh. 15: 7. 18: 16. 
 2 Sam. 17: 17. 1 K. 1 : 9. Accord- 
 ing to Josephus, (Antiq, vii. 11.) it 
 
^^p 
 
 491 
 
 1^:? 
 
 was situated in the king's pleasure 
 garden. 
 
 9. without addition 'J'^S? (l.) the 
 name of a Levitical city in the tribe 
 of Simeon. Josh. 15: 32. 19: 7. 21: 
 16. 1 Chr. 4: 32. Out of ]i?3ni ]r^ 
 Josh. 15: 32, is formed pTa^* ]"'3? 
 Neh. 11: 28. (2.) also of a place in 
 the northeast of Palestine. Num. 
 34: 11. 
 
 *]"';? m. denom. from "j^y, (after the 
 form S'lS, '^p.S,) looking askance^ en- 
 vious. 1 Sam. 18:9 Keri. In the 
 
 Kethib p/y. (Arab. IJ^S^ idem.) 
 
 fi'^r:? Gen.38:14,21.andDr5? Josh. 
 
 15: 34, (with the ancient dual form, 
 comp. Gesen. Gesch. der hebr. 
 Sprache und Schrift, p. 49, 51.) a 
 place in the tribe of Judah. 
 
 fi^^ to be wearied^ exhausted. Jer. 4 : 
 S\. Hence 
 
 5]*^;?, fem. ns;:^, verbal adj. from P);iy, 
 
 dec. III. a. wearied^ exhausted^ lan- 
 guishing ; from fatigue, hunger, and 
 particularly thirst. Gen. 25: 29, 30. 
 
 nS; q. V.) a city. (Some erroneously 
 suppose the primary signification to 
 have been acareni, like tlieArab J^^^? 
 and Heb. H"^^^, referring to Gen.4: 
 17. Ps. 31 :"2k) D^-!rN;. -l-2> the 
 city of God., Ps. 46: 5. 87:"3. Is. 60: 
 14. and UJiprr ^''S' the holy city, 
 Neh. 11:1. Is. 52: 1. Dan. 9 : 24. 
 for Jerusalem. D"]^ "T^^" the city of 
 waters., a part of the city Rabbah, 
 2 Sam. 12: 27. Ecc. 10: 15 the la- 
 bour of the foolish wearieth him., he 
 knows not how *n''5? ^fi< ^5^^ ^^ ^^ 
 to the city., perhaps a proverbial 
 phrase for to Jind his way., as if spo- 
 ken of a wanderer. 
 
 2. Several proper names of cities 
 are compounded of this word; (l.) 
 n'572n -|"'3> {the city of salt) in the 
 desert of the tribe of Judah, near 
 the Salt sea. Josh. 15: 62. (2.) "n"^^ 
 
 D'^'^^nJl {the city of palms) Jericho^ 
 so called from the multitude of palms 
 growing there. (See Plin. Hist. 
 Nat. V. 14. Tacit. Hist. v. 6. Josephi 
 Bell. Jud. I. 6. 18. iv. 8.) Deut. 34: 
 3. Judg. 1: 16. 2 Chr. 28: 15. 
 
 Job 22: 7. Ps. 63: 2. Tl^ 'iJD3 the H ^^^^ perhaps anger, hostile attack. 
 
 (Comp. the Arab, r^i: med. Vav 
 
 to attack., assault.) Jer. 15: 8 "^I^^sri 
 n^^nin T^s^ ais^ns 'n'^b:?. Sept; 
 
 IntQQL^fa Inavxriv l'iai(fv^q tqo- 
 ^lov nal (rnovdi]p. Hos. 11:9 i<b 
 *T':j2 NiaN / come not with anger. 
 The former signification city., may, 
 however, be applied to both of these 
 passages ; thus in Jer. / will let come 
 suddenly upon it cities and terrour ; 
 and in Hos. according to Lowth, non 
 sum urbicola., i. e. homo. In Ps. 73 : 
 20, '^"'^3 stands prob. for n"'3^?l2 in 
 
 weary soul., Jer. 31: 25. Prov. 25 : 
 25. ns>; y^,! a thirsty land, Ps. 
 143 : 6. Jes. 32 : 2. Comp. >)i::? no. 
 II. 2. and n2?\ 
 
 nS'^ip f. verbal from i:)^5> no. II. 1. 
 
 1. darkness. Amos 4: 13. With He 
 paragogic ^in5::5>. Job 10: 22. 
 
 2. name of a Midianitish country 
 and people. Gen. 25: 4. Is. 60: 6. 
 1 Chr. 1: 33. 
 
 '^^y m. with suff. nh**:^ (Gen. 49: 11.) 
 
 plur. Q"''^^?., ct young ass., an ass colt. 
 Zech. 9: 9V Job 11: 12 i^lS ^^y the 
 
 awaking., and pertains not here. 
 T^!^17lfLl^l^,2^y^tif!t 1^7 m- Chald. a watcher, a name of 
 
 angels in the later Jewish demonol- 
 
 the animal when grown, so as to be 
 rode upon, Judg. 10:4. 12: 14 and 
 to bear burdens. Is. 30: 6. Comp. 
 also Gen., 32: 16. 
 
 I. n'^J? f. plur. once S^n;?. (Judg. 10: 
 4.) usually Q'^n^? (from an obsol.sing^. 
 
 ogy, being so called because, accord- 
 ing to the doctrine of the Persians, 
 they watch over the souls of men. 
 Dan. 4: 10, 14, 20. (In the Syriac 
 liturgies it is applied to archangels, 
 
p^ 
 
 492 
 
 tlilD:::' 
 
 e. g. to Gabriel. Afterwards it came 
 to be applied rather to evil angels, 
 like lyQTiyoQov in the book of Enoch 
 and in the fathers.) 
 
 Qn"^:?, H'W, plur. n"'73'i;?., dec.VIII. 
 d. i. q. dSi? 
 
 1. adj. naked. Gen. 3: 7, 10, 11. 
 
 2. subst. nakedness. Ezek. 16:7 
 iT"ni';i D^ii riN*] y^t thou wast naked- 
 ness and bareness., i.e. naked and bare, 
 the abstract being used for the con- 
 
 T' 
 
 ^l-P- 
 
 Crete ; comp. m 
 
 22, 39. 23: 29. 
 'J;3*i^ the constellation of the bear. 
 
 Verses 
 See 
 
 jn'^^S? a proper njjme, see ^^. 
 J3'>n!D5? m. a spider. Job 8: 14. Is. 59: 
 
 5. Arab. -^^-> 
 
 
 Chald.i^n^niSi^ 
 
 ^s:^, which name suits the etymology 
 Josh. 7: 26. The reading in Joshua, 
 however, is not to be changed. The 
 derivation only is less accurate ; 
 (comp. Gesen. Geschichte der hebr. 
 Sprache and Schrift, p. 43.) 
 
 DlD^ m. dec. VI. k. a fetter for the 
 foot. (Arab. tyjSZc idem.) Prov. 7. 
 22. usually rendered he {the inexpe- 
 rienced young man) goeth after her 
 {the wicked woman) suddenly., as the 
 ox goeth to the slaughter^ ""bN Dp.2?^^ 
 ^"'ilS: 10^73 and as in fetters to the 
 correction ofthefool.^ i. e. to his own 
 correction. The Sept. and Chald. 
 render D^.:^ a dog., a meaning well 
 suited to the connexion, but not con- 
 firmed by philological evidence. 
 Plur. C'^W? Is. 3: 18. bracelets or 
 rings for the ankles., a female orna- 
 ment, which occasioned a clinking 
 in walking. Hence 
 
 idem. This quadriliteral appears to 
 be compounded of ^D^y Arab. 
 (ji^Cc^o weave, (spoken of the ^?.^ Pi. denom. from D?.:s>. , to adorn 
 spider,) and SD5? to be light, nimble. one's self with ankle-rings, or, what is 
 *^S!D5? m. prim. dec. II. b. 
 
 better, to make a tinkling with them^ 
 to excite attention. Is. 3: 16. 
 
 J. a mouse, particularly a field- ^^^j \, strictly to stir up, e.g. water; 
 
 mouse. 1 Sam. 6: 4, 5, 11, 18 
 
 2. probably also other edible an- 
 imals of the glis genus. Lev. II : 29. 
 Is. 6Q: 17. So in Arab, this word 
 
 signifies i. q. P^^f?. the jerboa, mus 
 jaculus, Linn, which is used for food. 
 See Bocharti Hieroz. T. I. p. "1017. 
 
 'jlDJ^ Jicco, the proper name of a city 
 and haven in the tribe of Asher. 
 Judg. 1: 31. In Greek "u^x>;, more 
 frequently Ptnlemais, in the time of 
 the crusades Acca, now Acre. See Re- 
 landi Palasstina, p. 534 542. 
 
 1113^ {troubling, comp. Josh. 7 : 26.) 
 
 T 
 
 name of a valley not far from Jeri- 
 cho. Josh. 15:7. Is. 65: 10. Hos. 2: 
 17. 
 155? m. proper name of an Israelite, 
 
 T T 
 
 who, by taking of the accursed thing 
 (D^i.tl,) caused an overthrow among 
 his people. Josh.7: 1 . 22:20. In the par- 
 allel passage 1 Chr. 2:7, he is called 
 
 to make it turbid. (So in Arab.med. 
 Kesr.) Hence metaphorically 
 
 2. to trouble any one.Judg.l 1:35. U- 
 sually by bringing or occasioning evil, 
 Gen. 34: 30. Josh. 6: 18. 7: 25. 1 
 Sam. 14: 29 Y^.^^^ ni^. 'ni< ^D5; my 
 father troubleth the land. 1 K. 18: 17, 
 18. Prov. 11: 17 ""liDJi inNTfJ ^'o;y 
 the cruel man troubleth his ownjiesh, 
 i. e. renders himself unhappy. Verse 
 29 nn bnr_ iir^a n^i? he who 
 troubleth his own house shall inherit 
 the wind. 
 
 Niph, 1. to be excited, spoken of 
 grief. Ps. 39: 3. 
 
 2. to be brought into adversity, to be 
 destroyed. Prov. 15: 6. 
 DTJJD^ m. a quadriliteral, an adder. Vs- 
 
 140: 4. The root t05? signifies in 
 Arabic, to bend together, conj. V. io 
 coil up. The ^ appears to be an- 
 nexed, as in many quadriliterals. 
 
 See :ai3"i5. 
 
hy 
 
 493 
 
 by 
 
 ^5? (for !l!::^)verbal from tlVy, strictly 
 a subst. whatever is high or upper- 
 most. Hos. 7: 16 ^^ Nb ^3r; they 
 return not to the Most High^ or else 
 to things above^ n^og ret ui/o). 11: 7 
 ^n^i^ni?*; b^ bN they call them {the 
 people) to the Most High. Hence as an 
 adv. (l.) above. ^^72 from above^ Gen. 
 27: 39. 49: 25. and simply above., Ps. 
 50:4. 
 2. high. 2 Sam.23:l >:$ QjiSl (tw/to) 
 
 is exalted high. Hence in the const, 
 state 
 7iP (Heb. and Chald.) plur. const. 
 ''c.?. (used only in poetry,) with suff. 
 ^b:?, '^'Iry, vV:p, ^r^y. , d^''^.?;, 
 ^rT|"'^.?,i poetically i^-'b^ ; (Chald. 
 'niby, ^<3"'b?;, Dh"'V.?;;) a preposi- 
 tion. 
 
 1. wpon. -r-Used particularly (l.) 
 after verbs of covering ; see ilOs, 
 etc. (2.) to express a duty or obliga- 
 tion, which lies on any one. 2 Sam. 
 18: 11 nnb 'b^' I should have given, 
 1 K. 4: 7. Ezra 10: 4. Neh. 13: 13. 
 (3.) to express a weight or load 
 which lies on any one. Is. 1 : 1 4. 
 Comp. ins. 
 
 2. over^ above^ concerning. Gen. 
 41: 33. Ps. 29: 3. Is. 1 : l.b^ -|?-^ 
 to speak concerning any thing, lni2r 
 ^^ to give command concerning any 
 thing, Gen. 18: 19. Comp. Joel 1 :3. 
 1 K. 22: 8. Also more than^ Gen. 48: 
 22 'JJTlJ* b^ more than thy brethren. 
 Job 22: 24. 23: 2. Used of time, be- 
 yond., Lev. 15: 25 ~r: by beyond 
 the time of her purification. 
 
 3. i. q. bfi< to. 2 Sam. 15: 4 "^b^ 
 *jii;[; he shall come to me. Gen. 38 : 
 12. 2 Sam. 15: 20. ^sr; -? "l?."! < 
 speak to the heart or satisfaction of 
 any one. 5 b^' be: io fall to any 
 one. Also to express the dative in 
 later Hebrew, Job 33 : 23 t^ Dw\ 
 1'^by if there is given to him. Est. 3 : 
 9 nit: rj^TS.rr b? CN if it is good or 
 pleasing to the king. 
 
 4. near, 6y, a^. ]^^ b^* 6y a /own- 
 
 tain, Gen. 16 : 7. 24 : 30 b? 
 I'^yn b? D''b^an 6y the camels at 
 the well. Ps. 7-11 n-TTb^J b? ^S:i73 
 my shield is with God, i. e. he holds 
 my shield. 
 
 5. against. Is. 1: 25. Mic. 4:11. 
 b? u3^p t4) rise up against, b^' !l3n 
 ^jy <o encamp against or besiege a 
 city, b^ n*i^n <o cieDwe /j/ans against 
 any one. 
 
 6. 6e/bre, awie. Ex. 27 : 21 the, 
 curtain which is before the law. (De- 
 rived from signif no.2.) bij ninn^Jn 
 to bozv down before any one. Lev. 
 26: 1. "^33 b? before the face of^LUj 
 one. (Derived from signif no. 4.) 
 
 7. m. Hos. 11 : 8 ""Sb "^^ ^2n3 
 my heart is turned within me. Ps. 42 : 
 5,6, 7, 12. 43:5. 142: 4. 
 
 8. for. Est. 7: 7. b? n53 <o a^onc 
 for. b^' i^tibn to contend for, Judg. 
 
 9: 17. by bbsnn, to pray for. 
 
 9. on account of because of Ps.44: 
 23. Ruth 1: 19. Frequently before 
 an infin. e. g. ^"tl^i* b^ on account of 
 thy saying, i. e. because thou sayest, 
 Jer. 2: 35. "jls b^' therefore, on this ac- 
 count, (see "jS.) ^iT b? on account 
 of. 'n^N by as a conj. because, Deut* 
 29: 24. 2 Sam. 3: 30. Est. 8 : 7. also 
 simply by in the same sense, Gen.31r 
 20. 
 
 10. after, according to, secundum. 
 Ps. 110: 4. 
 
 11. although. Job 16: 17 Mb b^ 
 "^SlDZ D!?3n although there is no in- 
 justice in my hands. 34: 6. Is. 53: 9 
 Joined with an infin. Job 10 : 7 ""^V^ 
 ^nyT although thou knowest. 
 
 12. from, by ; e. g. in the phrase 
 to live from or by any thing. Gen. 
 27:40. Deut. 8:3. Is. 38: 16. 
 
 13. with, together with. Ex. 35: 22 
 ta^UJsn by CD '252 N the men together 
 with the women. Gen. 32: 12. 
 
 14. besides, without, (from signif. 
 no. 2. more than.) Gen. 31: 50. Ps. 
 16: 2 'vj'^lry ba Tliit: there is no hap- 
 pinessfor me without thee. 
 
 15. Other compositions, b^'q (l.) 
 yVom above or on. Ex. 40: 36. 2 Sam.. 
 
n^:? 
 
 494 
 
 rh^ 
 
 1: 30. Ex. 3:5. (2.) the force of ]72 
 being lost, simply i. q. V^". Est. 3: 1 
 tZi'^'ltin "^^12 above the princes. Jer. 
 36: 21 ^i^i.rr bi[^. hy the king. Ps. 
 108 : 5. (3.) b b^n. above or over 
 any thing. (Antith. b rinn73.) Gen. 
 1:7. Neh. 12:31. Joii. 4: 6. 
 
 75? m. more rarely ^12? , with suff. 
 ^V;^, dec. VIII. d. a yoke., a crooked 
 piece of wood fastened to the pole 
 of the carriage and laid upon the 
 necks of the team, by which 
 they draw. Num. 19: 2. Deut. 
 21: 3. For the most part figurative- 
 ly, bondage., servitude. 1 Sam. 6:7. 
 1 K. 12: 11. Is. 9:3. 
 
 N >^ Chald. above., over, followed by 
 )J2. Dan. 6:3. 
 
 jy^ m. adj. dec. VII. a. stuttering^ 
 
 stammering. Is. 32: 4. Comp. by trans- 
 it c 
 
 position 5?):. (Arab. ^"^^^ speaking 
 a foreign tongue.) 
 
 rh^, fut. nii^:. 
 
 T T ' 
 
 1. to go up.f ascend, mount. It is 
 used absolutely, or construed with 
 ^y, Is. 14: 14. with bw^., Ex.24 : 13, 
 15, 18. 34: 4. with ^, Is. 22: 1. with 
 , Ps. 24 : 3. Cant. 7:9. also with 
 an accus. of the place ascended, Gen. 
 49: 4 ^^3N* ^n:DZ'J2 n^b:^. ""d for thou 
 ascendedstthe bed of thy fother. Prov. 
 21: 22. Often simply, to go foom a 
 lower country to one situated higher, 
 (comp. Ti^ ,) e. g. uniformly of a 
 journey from Egypt to Palestine,Gen. 
 13: 1. 44: 24. Ex. 1 : 10. of the re- 
 turn from exile, Ezra 2: 1. Neh. 7: 
 6. Hos. 1 : 11. of frequenting the 
 gate or seat of judgment, (as a 
 place of distinction or elevation,) 
 Num. .16: 12. Deut. 17 : 8. 25:7. 
 Judg.4:5. Ruth 4: 1. 
 
 2. Used of things without life ; 
 e. g. of a way, to lead, Judg. 20: 31. 
 of a country, to stretch or extend it- 
 self. Josh. 16: 1. 18 : 12. of a lot, to 
 come up, (out of the shaken urn,) 
 Lev. 16 : 9, 10. Josh. 18 : 11. of a 
 
 #- city, to ascend in flames, Judg. 20:40. 
 
 Jer. 48: 15, of plants, to shoot or 
 grow up, Gen. 40:, 10. 41: 22. Deut. 
 29: 22. Comp. Gen. 49 : 9. Part. 
 tib,"^.:? Job 36: 33 prob. what shoots up, 
 a plant. Sometimes (l.) to be ren- 
 dered passively, e. g. to be used or 
 employed, spoken of a razor, Judg. 
 16: 17. to be put on, spoken of a gar- 
 ment. Lev. 19 : 19. of a bandage, 
 Jer. 8: 22 J^:3>N|. mH^^; a bandage is 
 put on ; see Jl^^^N. (2.) by a com- 
 mon Hebraism, (see Gesenius' Lehr- 
 geb. 218. 4.) spoken of the thing 
 which is ascended. Prov. 24: 31 iisr; 
 tD^:iU;72p i^3 tlbS behold,the whole 
 of it {the field) grows up with thorns, 
 i. e. only thorns grow up therein. Is. 
 34: 13. 5: 6. Am. 8: 8 and 9: 5 nnV^ 
 
 T -.IT 
 
 nVs '^i^f? ^^^ whole land ascends as 
 by the Nile, i. e. it is overflown as 
 by the Nile. (Comp. Jer. 46 : 7, 8.) 
 
 3. metaphorically to rise, increase, 
 advance ; e. g. spoken of a battle, 1 
 K. 22:35. of one increasing in wealth, 
 Deut. 28 : 43. Construed with b?, 
 to excel, Prov.31: 29. 1^ ):M nbi? to 
 come into mind, Jer. 3: 16. 7: 31. 19: 
 5. 32: 35. Is. 65: 17. 
 
 4. pass, of Hiph. no.3. tolli, aufer- 
 ri. Job 36: 20. 
 
 5. pass, of Hiph. no. 4. to be insert- 
 ed or entered. 1 Chr. 27: 24. 
 
 Niph. pass, of Hiph. 
 
 1. to be brought up. Ezra 1: 11. 
 
 2. to be driven away, Jer. 37. 11. 
 to be led away, Num. 16 : 24, 27. 2 
 Sam. 2: 27. 
 
 3. to be exalted, spoken of God. 
 Ps. 47: 10. 97: 9. 
 
 Hiph. 1 . to lead or bring up, (per- 
 sons or things.) Gen. 37: 28. 1 Sam. 
 8: 8. 2 Sam. 2: 3. ninsn r7>^;n to 
 put up the lamps, Ex. 25: 37. Usually 
 construed with an accus. once with 
 a dative, Ezek. 26: 3. 
 
 2. to present an offering on the al- 
 tar. Is. 57f6. especially nVrb? tl^^^.H- 
 to present burnt-offerings. Lev. 14 : 
 20. Job 1: 5. 
 
 3. to take away, tollere,avferre. Ps. 
 102: 25. 
 
 4. to enrol, in tahuJas referre. 1 K. 
 9:21. 
 
"h^ 495 'hy 
 
 Hoph. i^Vs^n (for J^VS'.ln) to be quod homini impendit ; whence Ba- 
 
 hrought up, mh. 2:8. to be presented, chart (Hieroz. II. 801.) makes it 
 
 spoken of an offering, Judg. 6 : 28. personification of fate as a Md- 
 
 to be entered, inserted, recorded, pass. eous monster. Others -Jesire, (per- 
 
 of Hiph. no. 4. 2Chr. 20: 34. sonified, comp. Arab, \Ji\c propen- 
 
 ^ Hit^hpa^ to exalt one'>s self, to glory. ^^^ ^^^^ .^ ^^.^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^ 
 
 '-?^, f^l?i:I ^by^. ' * ^'^^ ^- *! ^^^^ ^"^ V'k^* <o ^e ^/ac^, io 
 
 n^5? m. const. nVsy, dec. IX. b. a leaf. ^^^ ^^>*c^- ^ Sam. 1: 20. Ps. 68: 
 
 5. Construed with 2 concerning any 
 
 Gen. 3: 7. 8: 11. ^j^j^^^^ ^^^ . ^ Hab."'3: 18. Spoken 
 
 m'^J? Chald. a cause, occanon, pretext. also of the inanimate creation, Ps. 
 
 Dan. 6: 5, 6. (in Aram, and Arab. 96: 12. Sometimes in the sense of 
 
 idem. Root b]::! Arab, to give cause arrogant exultation, Ps. 94 : 3. Is. 
 
 or occasion; conj. VI. VIII. to use a , 23: 12. comp. 5: 14. See T"^'??. 
 
 pretext. Comp. Heb. bb^'.) f "P5^ m. verbal adj. from ibs?, rejoicing. 
 
 I. Jlbi', more rarely JlPI^ fverbal Is. 5: 14. 
 
 from nb^', dec. X. u'i^^P f- ^^^c^ darkness. Gen. 15: 17. 
 
 1. strictly quicquid ascendit in al- ^^ek. 12:6,7,12. (Arab. J^Xc to 
 tare, i. e. altari imponitur; but used 
 
 by way of eminence for a burnt-offer- ^c thick, dense ; and by transposition 
 ing, (see nb^"!! no. 2.) which was '\\^L 
 entirely consumed, 6l6^avGTOv. (Jf^ ^^ ^^ ^^ry ^rA:.) 
 
 ^t ^^|;.'eJ^-41;: t^ ^^? ^^^' *^^ P-P- -- ^^ ^ -"- 
 
 II. th''^ f i.q. tlbl3^min^At60U5nm, ^"^^^^^^igb-Priest. 1 Sam. 1 : 3 ff. 
 
 ^ ^ x:- o ' Sept HA, Vulg. i/e/t. 
 
 iniquity. With He paragogic nnr^, ^l^^ ^ ^ ^^^ p^.^^ 27 : 22. Root 
 Job 5: 16. 
 nb::?, iv^nb? Chald. a Umt-offering. ^^l-> ^"^ Perhaps in the significatioa 
 T^,'* * -.1 * T^ r^ r^ ^^ ''^ ^ Arab. conj. II. io strike re- 
 
 Plur. "(nby Ezra 6: 9. peatedly. 
 
 ni^? f. Hos. 10: 9. i. q. nb^l? (as it is ^Vj? found only in the fem. n^b^ the 
 read in several MSS.) iniquity. "^^^^^ jo^h. 15: 19. Judg. 1: 15. 
 
 "Q^mbZ, ^^^^- P^"^- denom.from D;!? ^^3;^ Chald. t/ie upper, the highest.-^ 
 and m2b,^_, youth, the state or condi- '^'^'^^^^ ^^Vj^ ^/^^ ^^^^ ;^^^^^ ^^^^ 
 
 tion of a young man or woman. Ps. r)'' *S- 26 3^ 5-18 21 and -rj^'^-o 
 
 89: 46. Is. 54: 4. Job 33: 25. 20: 1 1 \^^V ^' 7'. \ , ' ! , -'^? 
 
 IVJ^bs^ ^Nb;2 T-niairy his bones are ^^' ^^'^ High,^: 14, 21 [4: 17, 24.] 
 
 ^ ' -' :.r T ;- 7. 25. In the Kethib unitormly 
 juli oj youth. P p ^-^ 
 
 np^^J? f. found only Prov. 30: 15. ^''^^ ^^^^ ^^^ Syi"ia<^ ^^"^ t*^^. 
 according to the Sept. Vulg. Gr. Ven- Jl'^r)? ^- dec. X. 
 
 et. f/ie horse-leech, (Arab. &J^)^C, Syr. \- , ^""f^^ an upper chamber, a cor- 
 
 p , 7 erea /?toce on me Jtai rooj of an on- 
 
 j-iL.^:^,) whose insatiable thirst for ental hmse. Judg. 3: 23,25. 1 K. 17: 
 
 blood might very well serve for a 19, 23. 2 K. 4 : 10. Used meta- 
 
 1 mi- * 7 . e I . . phorically of the chambers of heav- 
 
 proverb. Ihe Arab. U^XC sigm- ^^ ^^ IO4. 3^ jg 
 
 fies calamitas, gravis casus, fatum, 2. a step, ascent. 2 Chr. 9: 4. 
 
"phv 
 
 496 
 
 ]^^by^ fem. nj'T^b?, verbal a^j. from 
 nlry, dec. I. and X. 
 
 {. upper^ higher^ the opposite of 
 Jinnn. Gen. 40: 17. 2 K. 18 : 17. 
 
 Ezek. 42: 5. 
 
 2. </te JWosf High, I e. God. >i< 
 
 jr'^y, Gen. 14:18. l^b^:? nin:, Ps. 
 
 7: 18. 'ji'^b? tn^n -^.? Ps. 57: 3. and 
 
 simply iViry, P9.'9:''3. 21:8. 
 ]vbP ^' Chald. plur. majest. "J'^^l^^:^ 
 
 t/ie Jlfost High, Dan. 7. 22, 25. 
 ^n'pj? m. verbal from tVip, dec. I. re- 
 
 joicing, joyful. Is. 24 : 8. Some- 
 times in a bad sense, rejoicing from 
 pride or arrogance, Is. 22: 2. Zeph. 
 2:15. Hence Zeph. 3 : 11 T^? 
 ^n]N^ thy proud rejoicers. Is. 13: 3. 
 bibl? Ps. 12: 7. usually a crucible. 
 
 More correctly a work-shop, from 
 bbs? to work, to labour. 
 
 nV^P ^. verbal from VV^, dec. X. 
 on action, deed, work, facinus, i. q. 
 >!:S?72; found in the sing, only 
 Ps. 14: 1. 66 : 5. elsewhere in the 
 plural. 
 
 1 . deeds, mighty works, (of God.) 
 Is. 12:4. Ps.9:12. 77 : 13. 
 
 2. actions (of men.) Zeph. 3: 7. 
 tsnib'^^i''"!:^ llT^nUJrt they pervert all 
 their actions, i. e. they act perverse- 
 ly, wickedly. Ps. 14:1. 141: 4. Ezek. 
 14:22. In all these passages there is 
 a reference to evil actions, which is 
 expressed more definitely Deut. 22 : 
 14, 17. 
 
 (of God.) Jer. 32: 19. 
 niS*^^;? f verbal from y>y, dec. I. 
 
 joy, rejoicing. Hab. 3: 14. 
 n'^V^? f Chald. a;i w/)/Jer chamber, I q. 
 
 Hei). Jl^b?,. Dan. 6: 11. 
 I, 77^ <o <io or perform any thing, 
 
 whether good or evil. Derivatives 
 
 !l^'*l:5' and b^^"^ an action, deed. 
 Poel, b^y, construed with ^, to 
 
 conduct towards any one, tised only in 
 a bad sense, likenb'^bs'. Lam. 1: 22. 
 2: 20 fib nVbis? i^sir to whom thou 
 hast done thus {evil.) 3: 51 llbYtS ^i'^^, 
 ''TLC:^ mine eye causes pain to my 
 soul, i. e. pains me from much weep- 
 ing. Job 16: 15"':"n|? *\s:^5. "nV^is? / 
 have defiled (comp. also Hithpa.) my 
 horn, i.e. my head, with dust. (Oth- 
 ers, after the Aramean, indidi in 
 cinerem caput meum. But in an Ar- 
 ameism of this kind, we should have 
 expected the Aramean form, the 
 conj. Aphel only being used in that 
 dialect.) 
 
 Poal, pass. Lam. 1: 12 as my sor- 
 row "^b bbiif IVPi^. which has been 
 brought upon me. 
 
 Hithpa. bV?nri. 
 
 1 . to perform a mighty deed, spo- 
 ken of God, construed with a on or 
 to any one. Ex. 10: 2. 1 Sam. 6: 6. 
 
 2. to treat any one ill, construed 
 with 2. 1 Sam. 31: 4. 1 Chr. 10: 4. 
 
 Jer. 38: 19. Num. 22: 29. Also to 
 do violence to a woman, Judg. 19: 
 25. The ancient translators have 
 rendered it in most passages, to de- 
 ride, (Sept. f(.niuiCo) ; Vulg. illudo) ; 
 which does not agree with the anal- 
 ogy of the verb and its derivatives^ 
 and is inconsistent with its use in 
 some passages, e.g. Ex. 10: 2. Judg. 
 19: 25. 
 
 Hithpo. to execute, perform, (an 
 action.) Ps. 141: 4. 
 
 Deriv. rt!?y, b^b^, ^^Pk?,-) '^51'3 
 b^b^'jn. 
 
 II. bb^ found only in Po. bb}^ to 
 
 ~ T 
 
 make a gleaning, to glean. Lev. 1 9 : 
 10. Construed with an accus. Deut, 
 34: 21. Metaphorically Jer. 6 : 9[ 
 (In Arab. VXc conj. II. to drink re, 
 
 peaiedly, to pluck, to smite.) Deriv. 
 
 III. y^:? whence part. Po. Vb>'73 
 a child, I q.bbl^. Is. 3: 12. See 
 
 ^V:^ Chald. l.iogo in,to enter. In Syr. 
 idem. Pret. b$ Dan 2: 16. Fem. 
 
0^3? 
 
 497 
 
 52^5? 
 
 nV?, in Kethib nbb^', 5:10. Part. 
 ^''^r, in Kethib ]"^Vi:r, Dan. 4 : 4. 
 [4: 7.] 5: 8. 
 
 2. io go dozen^ to set^ spoken of 
 the sun. Dun. 6: 15. Comp. the 
 Heb. J<i2. 
 
 Aph, to bring in^ construed for the 
 most part with }?. Pret. b^-zir* (with 
 epenthetic :, instead of Dagesh 
 forte in 3?,) Dan. 2: 25. 6: 19. Im- 
 per. byn, 2: 24. Infin. 71^:^;^^ 5: 7. 
 and nb^izn, 4: 3. [4: 6.] 
 
 Hoph. i:3?n pass. Dan. 5: 13, 15. 
 
 ni^Pi?, const. r.'ibVs^, fem. sing, (like 
 ni7:3n, comp. Judg. 8: 2. Is. 17: 6.) 
 a gleaning. Jer. 49: 9. Obad. 1: 5. 
 Is. 17:6. Rootir'r:/ no. II. 
 
 fi^? to cover^ conceal. In Kal found 
 
 r 
 
 only in the part. pass. &'^73b^ con- 
 cealed or secret {sins.,) Ps. 90: 8. 
 
 Niph. Dr^?. </) 6e concealed., hidden. 
 Nah. 3: 11. The person yVwn whom 
 any thing is concealed is preceded 
 by ]?3, Lev. 5: 2. or by ^r^;?:, Lev. 
 4: 13. Num.5: 13. Part. D-'ttby: 
 disguised men., dissemblers., Ps. 26: 4. 
 
 Hiph. D^bffn. 
 
 1 . to conceal from any one, con- 
 strued with -jt:. 2 K. 4: 27. 
 
 2. 1^ D^r^ C'^byn io Az(/e the eyes 
 from any one; as a refusal of assis- 
 tance, Is. 1: 15. comp. Prov. 28: 27. 
 as a neglecting to punish. Lev. 20: 
 4. 1 Sam. 12: 3, (construed with 
 2,) or as an expression of contempt, 
 Ezek. 22: 26. "Jl^ D"irrrT to cf/ver the 
 ear., to refuse to hear.. Lam. 3: 56. 
 
 3. to obscure. Job 42: 3. 
 
 4. perhaps intrans. to conceal one''s 
 self like other verbs of covering, 
 e. g. n03, nay. Ps. 10: 1. Or D^3"r 
 is to be supplied as in no. 2. 
 
 Hithpa. to conceal one's self. Job 
 6 : 16. Construed with "J73, to con- 
 ceal ant's self or "withdraw frmn any 
 thing, Deut. 22: 1, 3, 4. Ps. 55: 2 
 "nsnriTa C'^^rn *^N withdraw not 
 from my svpplicaticn. Is. 68: 7. 
 
 Deriv. n^rrn. 
 
 "dhy^ m. emph. Nl^^y, Chald. 1. q. 
 Heb. Db^2? eternity., a long duration; 
 either future, Dan. 3: 33. 4: 31. 
 [4: 34.] 7: 27. or past, Ezra 4: 15. 
 Hence Dan. 2 : 20 ^y) i<72b^ I'D 
 
 tiJz't y from eternity to eternity. 
 u'^Z? m. a lad., a young man. 1 Sam. 17 ' 
 
 56. 20: 22. and 
 n^b? fem. of tD% dec. XII. a. a 
 
 young 'woman., mulier nubilis. Gen. 
 
 24: 43. Ex. 2: 8. Ps. 68: 26. Cant. 
 
 1: 3. 6: 8. Prov. 30 : 19. Is. 7: 14. 
 
 (Syr, >al:^::^ Pa. and Ethpa. to grow 
 
 up, to become marriageable. Arab. 
 
 fr^ coeundi cupidus fuit.) Deriv. 
 
 "jl^b^ 1. the proper name of a place 
 
 in the tribe of Benjamin, Josh. 21: 
 18. which in the parallel passage 1 
 Chr. 6: 45, [6: 60,] is called Dl^XJ. 
 2. n^^nbn'i-]i^y Num. 33: 46. 
 a station of the Israelites. 
 niObl^ plur. fem. a kind of tune or 
 
 harmony in music. 1 Chr. 15: 20. 
 Ps. 46: 1. perhaps the female voice or 
 manner., which the chorister imita- 
 ted. Comp. Forkel's Gesch. der Mu- 
 sik, Th. I. p. 142. In the former 
 passage it appears to stand more in 
 reference to high and low ; see n^:. 
 
 n^^bjJ? Ps. 9: 1. perhaps i. q. the pre- 
 ceding article, in wliich case b? w 
 to be supplied ; (unless the true 
 reading be niTsbr.) In Ps. 48 : 15, 
 the context requires that it should 
 be read as two words n^72-b^ even 
 unto death. In both passages the MSS. 
 and editions vary, some writing it in 
 one, others in two words. This, how*" 
 ever,has but little weight,for ancient- 
 ly words closely connected in sense 
 were often written as one. (SeoGe- 
 senius' Gesch. der hebr. ^Sprache 
 and Schrift. p. 171.; 
 
q:? 
 
 498 
 
 537^ C hald. plur. N*^b5>, anElamiie, 
 from t3b"'y q. V. Ezra 4: 9, 
 
 DV^ i. q. T^5> and V"!::^ to exult 
 
 n? <^ 
 
 rc- 
 
 joice. Job 20: 18. 
 
 Niph. Job 39 : 13 D*^::^ q:3 
 !lDbi^3 the wing of the ostrich moves 
 
 nimbly or joyfully. Corap. II. ii. 462, 
 dyuXX6j.(efC.i nTfQvyaooi,. 
 
 Hithpa. to rejoice.^ take pleasure.^ 
 (in love.) Prov. 7: 18. 
 "Sh^ found only in Piel, to swallow 
 
 down^ to drink. Job 39 : 30. (Kind- 
 red with 5?:ib.) 
 
 ^b?, Chald.i.q. Heb. ^f'b:!^ a rib, hence 
 a great tooth or tusk. Dan. 7: 3. 
 
 jTj'pJ' in Kal not used. 
 
 1. to cover. 
 
 2. to be wrapt in night, hence to 
 he feeble, to faint. (Comp. tlDS' , 
 
 Pu. 1. to be covered. Cant. 5: 14. 
 
 2. to swoon away, to faint. Is. 61: 
 20. 
 
 Hithpa. 1. to cover or disguise 
 one's self Gen. 38: 14. 
 
 2. to faint ; from heat, Jon. 4: 8. 
 from thirst, Am. 8: 13. 
 n <3^ m. verbal from Pual of P)b^, 
 
 (with Jl_ paragogic,) fainting, sor- 
 rowful. Ezek. 31: 15. 
 
 YV^, fut. X'-V~'> ^' ^' '^'^K ^"^ '^^^ ^^ 
 exult.1 rejoice, be glad. Prov. 11 : 10. 
 28:12. nin'^a ybs? to rejoice in Je- 
 hovah, Ps. 5: 12. 9 :'3. 1 Sam. 2: 1. 
 Construed with b, to exult or rejoice 
 over any one's calamity, insultare al- 
 icui, Ps. 25: 2. Used metaphorically 
 of inanimate nature, 1 Chr. 16: 32. 
 
 iZ^ and t3^ com. gen. (the former word 
 
 being used with the conjunctive ac- 
 cents, the latter with the disjunctive 
 accents and with the article as DJ;!!,) 
 with suff. ''732?, dec. VIII. h. a peo- 
 ple. ^72^ "zz the sons of my people, 
 i. e. my fellow-countrymen. Gen. 
 23: 11. ^irJ n? the daughter of my 
 
 people, i. e. my people or country, 
 (see n? no. 3.) Applied to animals, 
 Prov. 30:25,26. Ps. 74: 14. 
 
 Plur. D-^^a.e (rarely in the Chalda- 
 ic form Q''^?^, const, ^m^^, Neh. 
 9: 22, 24. Judg. 5 : 14.) ploples, na- 
 tions, particularly the tribes of Israel 
 Gen. 49: 10. Deut. 32: 8. 33: 3, 19. 
 But n^irJJl and 7^.5$ri "^72:? on the 
 contrary denote other nations besides 
 the Jews, gentiles. Sometimes the 
 plural stands for the singular, as 
 Lev. 19: 16 thou shalt not go about 
 as a tale-bearer ^''?i)y2 among thy 
 people. 2\: 1. IIos. 10: 14. bN >|Dw^?: 
 Vl^^ jf_ to be gathered to his people, i. e. 
 
 to die. 'i''?^:^^. rin:D: to be cut off 
 
 from his people ; see n*^3 Niph.no. 5- 
 
 t^ Chald. idem. Plur. X^l^iys^, emph- 
 
 ^V^^^-, Dan. 3 : 4, 7, 31. 5: 19. 6 : 
 26. 7: 14. 
 
 ]^, with suff.. ''72.5>., *:]7a3';, 1732>, 51373^^ 
 
 D5732?, dr:73i> and D73:!', liter, connex- 
 
 Mi 
 
 ion, union, (from Arab, i^^ to be in 
 common; comp. D'^ a people, TlTp,^^,) 
 but used only as a preposition. 
 
 1. with. Gen. 27: 44. Ex. 22: 29. 
 1 Sam. 17: 42 nN-^^-ns"^ ns> :73^i< 
 
 .- " : : - 
 
 redhaired and therewith beautiful 
 of countenance. Ttl Di' with all this, 
 notwithstanding this, Neh. 5 : 18. 
 Ps. 72: 5 UJJT'IJ D5? so long as the sun 
 shall endure. Comp. Dan. 3: 33. [4 : 
 3.] and Ovid. Amor. i. 15. 16. cum 
 sole et /M?irt.-Also,like the Latin joene*, 
 in the power of the body or mind, 
 as Job 15 : 9 :)273:?. ^b) ]"'nn 
 N^tl dost thou know {any thing, )which 
 was not with us, i. e. which we knew 
 not; (comp. 14: 5.) Ps. 60: 11. Job 
 23:14. 10:13. ^zb U^ like apud an- 
 imum meum, Ecc.l:16. Josh. 14: 7. 
 It forms a periphrasis for the genitive 
 case, Job 23: 10 'i;::^^ "IJ-ji my walk. 
 
 2. before ; e. g. b^ 03?^ before God, 
 Job 9: 2. 27: 13. 
 
 3^ against ; e. g. 2^ Dnbs to fight 
 
"1)2^ 
 
 499 
 
 1)2^ 
 
 against any one, 2 K. 13: 12. 14: 15. 
 Comp. Ps.94: 16. 55: 19. 
 
 4. like as, pariter ac. Ecc. 2:16 
 ^^03 02? D^nJl the wise man as well 
 as the fool. Job 9: 26. 21: 8. Ps. 73: 
 5. Ecc. 7: 11. 0^73 from with^ in re- 
 spect to^ Gen. 44*: 32. Job 28 : 4. 1 
 Sam. 16: 14 the spirit of Jehovah cZe- 
 parted }:rii^^^ \::?J2 from Saul More 
 rarely i. q. Q^, 2 Sam. 3:28. Job 34: 
 33 "^ 73^/2 according to thy mind; 
 (comp. BO. 2.) 
 
 D5? Chald. with ; also in, e. g. Di? 
 ii;b"'b in the nighty Dan. 7: 2. -T^T 2^ 
 111 so long as the generations of men 
 last, Dan. 3: 33. 4: 31. [4: 34.] 
 
 I. ^iW, fut. n73?.\ 
 
 1. to stand, stay. 1 Sam. 20 : 38 
 maA;c speed, haste, I722?n rN *toy not. 
 (l.) Construed with ':d):, ^o stand 
 before any one, particularly as a ser- 
 vant before his master ; hence to 
 serve, e. g. a king or general, Gen. 
 41: 46. Deut. I: 38. Jehovah, 1 K. 
 17:1. 18:15. Also without ''zcb, 
 Dan. 1: 4. In Lev. 18:23, "rc'- ir:? 
 is used in reference to copulation. 
 (2.) construed with by, to stand by, 
 to assist. Dan. 12: 1. Est. 8:11. 9: 
 16. (Comp. !: D^p.) Also to rely 
 
 upon any thing, Ezek. 33 : 26. (3.) 
 to stand still ; spoken of the sea, 
 Jon. 1: 15. of the sun, Josh. 10: 13. 
 construed with ]7D, to cease from any 
 thing, Gen. 29: 35. 
 
 2. to stand firm, to abide. Ps. 33: 
 11. 102: 27. Est. 3: 4 nnb722 n)3y 
 to stand in battle, Ezek. 13: 5. Par- 
 
 4. Also with an accus. Ezek. 17: 14 
 to keep the covejiant ni/O^b {and) to 
 
 abide therein.-Also to continue to live, 
 Ex. 21: 21. 
 
 4. to stand up, to arise, (from sig- 
 nif no. 1.) i. q. D^p, found only in 
 later Hebrew. Dan. 12: 1, 13. Spo- 
 ken particularly of a new prince, 
 Dan. 8: 23. 11: 2, 3, 20. Ecc. 4: 15. 
 of a war, 1 Chr. 20: 4. Construed 
 with b^:, <o rise up against any one, 
 Dan. 8: 25. 11: 14. 1 Chr. 21 : 1. 
 comp. Lev. 19: 16. 
 
 5. pass, of Hiph. to be set, placed^ 
 appointed. Ezra 10 : 14 ~=n?3y^ 
 tlj'''ltJ N: let our rulers be appointed, 
 i. e. let us appoint our rulers. Dan. 
 11: 31. 
 
 Hiph. T^^qyrt 1. causat. of Kal no. 
 1. to make to stand, to place, Ps. 31: 
 9. Lev. 14: 11. ^0 ^rx or settle one's 
 countenance on any one, 2 K. 8: 11. 
 
 2. to cause to endure, to preserve. 
 1 K. 15: 4. 2 Chr. 9: 8. Prov. 29: 
 4. Also to establish, confirm, i. q. 
 Crp, 2 Chr. 35: 2. Dan. 11: 14 to 
 confirm or fulfil the vision. 
 
 3. to place or appoint to an office. 
 1 K. 12: 32. 1 Chr. 15: 16. 
 
 4. to raise up, to erect, e. g. stat- 
 ues, 2 Chr. 33: 19. a house, Ezra 
 2: 68. 9 : 9. To stir up, to excite, 
 Neh. 6: 7. Dan. II: 11, 13. 
 
 5. to ordain, establish. 2 Chr. 30: 
 5. Construed with b for any one, 
 33: 8. 
 
 6. intrans. to continue. 2 Chr. 18: 
 34. 
 
 Hoph. to be placed or presented. 
 Lev. 16: 10. 
 
 Deriv. out of course l^^^a, ^1723'. 
 ticularly with ^:d^, to stand before H ^^p found only in Hiph" Ezek. 
 any one, to withstand or resist him, 
 Ps. 76:8. 130: 3. 147: 7. Nah. 1: 
 
 16. more rarely with '|:S2, Josh. 
 21: 44. 23: 9. with 1^.3, Ecc. 4: 12. 
 with ]J2, Dan. 11: 8. Without cases, 
 Dan. li: 15, 25. Hence 
 
 3. to continue, abide, stay, spoken 
 of persons and things. Ex. 9 : 28. 
 Lev. 13:5. Dan. 10: 17. Construed ^^^ 
 
 29: 7 D";3n^-b3 Onb n'T?35>n') by 
 transposition for ^51 n^^^ri a7id thou 
 causedst their loins to shake. Comp. 
 Ps. 69: 24. It is difficult to deter- 
 mine whether there is an actual 
 transposition in this place, or an er- 
 ror of the transcribers; 
 
 q. D3?, a preposition, but found 
 
 with 2, to continue or abide in any 
 thing, Is, 47: 12. Ecc. 8: 3. 2K. 23: 
 
 only with the suff. 
 1. with ; freq. 
 
 :. ^im- 
 
15D5? 
 
 500 
 
 ^^i:? 
 
 ^ in wiihm. 3oh 6- 3 the arrorvs ph^j? chald. adj. deep, unsearchabkr 
 
 of the Almighty "'n^ay {stick) m me. - ../'? 
 
 Sept ii> Gcofxari fiov.' I>an. 2: 22. 
 
 'ItliP m. verbal from n^y, dec. VI. o. *1'^52::^ m. a sheaf, i. q. ^J2y, Amos 2: 
 
 1. a/7kce. Dan. 8: 17, 18. 13- Mic. 4: 12. Zech.. 12: 6. 
 
 2. a pulpit, stage. 2 Chr. 34: 31. Tl^^lZ^^ m. dec. III. a. a friend, neigh" 
 n'ltJ?' f. verbal from "I?:^;, dec. X. an feoJ!^ fdloto-man, synonymous with 
 
 ?-!.. Lev. 5 : 20. 18 : 20. 19 : 15. 
 Zech. 13: 7 "^n^^/J^ n:na my neigh- 
 hour, spoken by Jehovah of the 
 Jewish nation. Root prob. Tliz^ = 
 DTDy to bind together, (whencV D^ 
 and n73^\) The form then is femi- 
 nine, and is to be compared with 
 such examples as r\Tl^,, n3S, etc. 
 7yQ3?^ fut. ^7337.2, to labour, particularly 
 
 to weariness. Prov. 16: 26. Ps. 127: 
 1. Construed with 2, to labour on 
 any thing, Jon. 4: 10/Ecc. 2: 21. 
 Ecc. 1: 3 b)2^;^-^ i!:?-!:::2 in all his 
 labour, with which he wearieth him- 
 
 self. (In Arab, ^y^^ to labour or 
 make in any way.) 
 
 abiding place, a dwelling. Mic. 1:11. 
 Sl/23? f liter, a subst. union, connexion. 
 
 (Root D/3" in Arab, to be in common. 
 Comp. Di'.) Found only in the 
 const, state n?33;, also ri7aj^b, with 
 suff. "n^arb, once niTss^b (Ezek. 45: 
 7.) a preposition. 
 
 1. near by. Ex. 25 : 27. 28: 27. 
 
 2. against. 2 Sam. 16: 13. Ezek. 
 3: 8. 
 
 3. over against. 1 Chr. 26: 16. 
 
 4. as, like as, i. q. tZ3:? no. 4. 1 
 Chr. 24: 31. 26: 12. Ecc. 7: 14. 
 Comp. 5: 15 n^siJ-bS exactly as. 
 (Comp. '^i:>-b3 Job 27: 3.) 
 
 5. ri72^;V7^ ^^^ by. 1 K. 7; 20. 
 "T^IQI^ m. verbal from 1^^, dec. I. 
 
 1. a pillar. Judg. 16: 25, 26. 1 K. ^^3? m. verbal from hl2S>, dec. IV. c 
 *J: 2 ff.'l2:fn "IV^:? the pillar of cloud, -^ " . , , ' ., 
 n cci^ n 'irx "j ..:vi_ .--. ui ! wearisome labour., toil 
 Ex. 33 : 9, 10. and IDNITT ln;3S; i/ie 
 
 pillar of fire, Ex. 1 3: 22. Spoken 
 of the pillars of heaven, Job 26: 11. 
 of the earth, Job 9: 6. 
 
 2. a stage, pulpit. 2 K. 11: 14. 
 ^ 23: 3. 
 
 *Jly2Z? m. (liter, from or o/* ^^^ people, 
 as if from D^ a people and the ter- 
 mination p, like p72'7|5 from D'lp., 
 jVliM'n from u;N"1, hence it is ex- ^12^ m. verbal adj. from l:^:j, dec. V.b, 
 plained by "72|-]2 Gen. 19: 38.) " "t ..__;^ _^_.7^ "tI:..;i.;.u 
 Ammon, 9. proper name. 1 Sam. 11: 
 11. More frequently ]'v^y ""pa the 
 Ammonites, a people which dwelt 
 northeast of the Moabites from the 
 Arnon to the Jabbok. Num. 21: 24. 
 Deut. 2: 37. 3: 16. See Relandi Pa- 
 laestina, p.l03. The gentile noun is 
 ^2V2'J,{em.n'^:V2'J, 1 K. 11: l.Neh. 
 13: 23. 
 
 Ecc. 1: 
 3.2:11. 
 
 2. the fruit of labour. Ps.l05:44. 
 Ecc. 2: 19. 
 
 3. trouble, adversity, like labor^ 
 xocfiDctog, novog. Gen, 41:51. Deut. 
 26: 7. Job 3: 10. 16 : 2 ^725 'rnstJ 
 troublesome comforters. 
 
 4. iniquity, injustice, i. q. jIN, 
 Num. 23:21. Is. 10: 1. 
 
 1 . wearying one'^s self. Joined with 
 suffix pronouns, it forms a periphra- 
 sis of the finite verb. Ecc. 2: 22. 4: 
 8. 9:9. 
 
 2. as a subst. a workman, faber. 
 Judg. 5: 26. 
 
 3. afflicted, unhappy. Job 3: 20. 
 
 4. in the abstract, affliction, n- 
 happincss. Job 20: 22. 
 
 jp^^:? and iZybW m. Amalek, the 
 
 ^1^:? Amos, proper name of a well- '^'j/.H^e,, a people between Pales- 
 
 known prophet. Amos 1: 1. 7: 8 ff. tine and Arabia, on the southwest of 
 
 8: 2. , Edom ; comp. Gen. 14: 7. Ex. 17:13. 
 
p^5^ 501 "MZT 
 
 Num. 13: 29. In Gen. 36 : 12, 16. p'^:;^ {em. nptt2>, verbal adj. from 
 Amalek is said to be a grandson of - y "* ' 
 
 Esau, and the prince of an Arabian P^5^,^ "^- ^"^- " 
 tribe ; yet, according to Gen. 14: 7, 1. deep. Lev. 13: 3 if. 
 
 this tribe had an earlier origin. The 2. metaphorically unsearchable. Ps. 
 
 traditions of the Arabians favour the 64: 7. Ecc. 7: 24. 
 latter idea. See Relandi Palasstina, p^3? or pt!3? verbal from p?^^, dec. 
 p. 78 82. J. D. Michaelis Spicileg. ' jj '.y-- ^ . / V ^^ 
 Geogr. Hebra^orum Exter. T. I. p. ^Y' ^- ^^^'^^ Fon<i o^Jy 1 the 
 170 177. Also his Supplem.p.l927. P^^r- const. nD'i3 "^[^LtS? of umntelh^ 
 Vater's Comment, iiber den Penta- gible speech^ Is. 33 : 19. Ezek. 3: 
 teuch,Th. I. p. 140. 5,6. 
 
 Cti;? 1. to obscure; metaphorically to pp>', with suff. "^p^:?, dec. VI. g, 
 
 a:ce/. Ezek. 31: 8. 1- valley.^ liter, a /ow /j/ain, as 
 
 2. io be obscure., unhiown. Ezek. a cultivated place, (Job 39: 10. Ps. 
 
 28:3 tjq;o)33' iHb a^nD-";3 no secret 65: 14. Cant. 2: 1.) as a place for 
 
 thing is unknown to thee, (in Aram. combat, (.Job 39: 21.) It is evident- 
 
 1 1- ..1 ^ .7 V ly distmguished from the kmdred 
 
 ana Arab, with ^ tdem.) ^^.^^^^^ ^P_2, ^5, ^n^ ; whence the 
 
 Koph t=3y^n to be obscured, tar- ga^ie plaie has only one of these 
 
 mshed. Lam. 4: 1. epithets applied to it. The name 
 
 iC*^tt!Q?' and Chald. 'J^'^^^i^, nations, pT^y is applied to the valleys, e. g. 
 
 peoples. See tD2?. of ]ib*,N, t2S\^iJT;, ^Ny")r, etc. 
 
 ^i^^j^^ {God with us) the symbolical Comp. '^\'P.r\ p^'J the kingh dale, 
 
 and 'prophetical name of a child, "^^ far from the Dead sea, Gen. 
 
 whose birth was to indicate the lib- 14: 17. 2 Sam. 18: 18. 
 
 eration of the Jewish state. Is. 7: 15. 2. an inhabitant of the valley, i. q. 
 
 D^;j? (once tJ^^ Neh. 4 : 11.) fut. P^-^-^ '^'^- ^ ^^^' ^2: 15. 
 
 C^^^. ppi' m. verbal from py, rfcj^i!^. Prov. 
 
 1. to lift up, to carry. Zech. 12: 3. 25: 3. 
 
 Is- 46: 3. --j^^- in Kal not used. 
 
 2. <o iocK?, /a(ie, a beast of burden. " \v ^ .. . 7 7 , r. .^^ 
 Gen. 44: 13 in73n i^y u;-^ Dby.'^T ^^' ^^l^. io bind sheaves. Ps. 129: 
 
 n6i each one laded his ass. Neh. is" *^- ^^^^^'- "'"^^r' "^^'^' 
 
 15. Ps. 68: 20. Hithpa. construed with 2, to make 
 
 Hiph. D'"^:'!!, construed with H*, ^/ai^e^ or treat as such ;' (comp. 
 
 to load or burden any one. 1 K. 12: =? ^5^;.) Deut. 21 : 4. 24 : 7. The 
 
 11. 2Chr. 10: 11. primary signification appears to be 
 
 Deriv. MDIOS^TD. coUigavit, co'ercuit ; hence subjecit 
 
 J? /2>' to be deep. ' * Metaphorically to be (f ^" Samar.) 
 
 unsearcliable. Ps. 92 : 6. (in Arab. "^^'^' P^"^* ^""5^<'' ^^^- ^^- "- 
 
 and Aram, idem.) 1. a s/ieq/*, i. q. *^'^'}y$. Lev. 23i 
 
 Hiph. 1. to make deep. Is. 30: 33. 10 ff. Job 24: 10. 
 Often adverbially, Is. 7: 11 -piz^ri 2. an omer, a measure which ac 
 
 nbN^ make deep, ask, i. e. ask for cording to Ex. 16: 36, contains the 
 something out of the deep. Jer. 49: ^enth part of an ephah. 16: 22, 32, 33. 
 8, 30 nn-^b ^P'^12'{T], make deep 112?^ Chald. wool, i. q. Heb. ^7^2. 
 your dweliings, i. e. dwell deep in Dan 7- 9 
 the earth. Hos. 9: 9. * ' 
 
 2. to keep deep,to conceal h. 29: \b. ^T^?. ^oniorrah, the proper name 
 Deri v. out. of course :D^f^y2-J72. of one of the four cities in the vale 
 
ri35? 
 
 502 
 
 hd:? 
 
 of Siddim, which were sunk in the 
 Dead sea. Gen. 10: 19. 13: 10. Sept. 
 lofAOQQct^ Vulg. Gomorrha. 
 
 ''It]}' proper name of a king of Isra- 
 elii K. 16: 16ff. 2K. 8: 26. Mic. 
 6: 16. Sept. ^^/fi(3(j(. 
 
 li^)2^ i. q. D7J:^ to bear. Neh. 4:11. 
 14:^7.] 
 
 SjP m. c}gc. IV. b. a grape. Deut. 32: 
 IL Plur. C^:?^, const, ''nzs? (with 
 Da.^esh forte euphonic,) Lev. 25: 
 5. beut. 32: 32. 
 
 ^33? in Kal not used. (In Arab, to 
 
 be beautiful and coquettish^ to make 
 amorous gestures ; spoken of females.) 
 
 Pu. to be delicate. Jer. 6: 2. 
 
 Hithpa. 1. i. q. Pu. Deut. 28: 56. 
 comp. Is. 55: 2. 
 
 2. construed with 1:^, to rejoice in 
 any thing ; e. g. in God, Job 22: 26. 
 27: 10. in peace, Ps. 37: 11. Con- 
 strued with ]73, ic?em. Is. &Q: 11. 
 
 S. to make one^s self merry about 
 any thing, construed with b:?. Is. 
 57: 4. 
 
 Deriv. ^^5i;n. 
 5D3^, fern, in.^.:^;, verbal adj. from :i:i*, 
 
 dec. VIII. d. delicate^ luxurious. Deut. 
 
 28: 26, 54. Is. 47: 1. 
 ,^2'^ m. verbal from 5::^, pleasure^ en' 
 
 juyment, luxury. Is. 13: 22, 58: 13. 
 *1JJ^ to bind on. Found only Job 31: 
 
 .36. Prov. 6: 21. Comp. nisn^^?3. 
 I. T\jV (a proper verb ^b.) 
 
 1. to answer. It is construed (l.) 
 with an accus. of the person, Job 
 1: 7. Gen. 23: 14. Cant. 5:6. So 
 in Greek a^Aei^o^iuL rtva. (2.) with 
 an accus. of the thing which any 
 one answers, Prov. 18: 23. Job 40: 
 2. So Job 33:13 n::?] Nb "Pnii-bs 
 he answereth not about any of his mat- 
 ters.^ i. c. gives no account of them. 
 Hence (3.) with a double accus. of 
 tlie person and thing, 1 Sam. 20: 
 10. Mic. 6: 5. Jer. 23: 37. 
 
 2. to hear., liter, to answer a prayer, 
 used particularly of God. 1 Sam. 9: 
 17. 14: 39. Ps] 3: 5. 4: 2. Ps. 22: 
 
 22 '*:n'^5?', tD*"^^. ''P.'li^^ hear {and 
 deliver) me from the horns of the ga- 
 zelle. Construed with an accus. of 
 the thing, to impart., grant any thing, 
 Ecc. 10: 19 bbn-nit ri2^2 ^'Q.^Tl 
 money imparts every thing. Comp. 
 Hos. 2: 22, 23. With two accus. to 
 grant any one any thing, Ps. 65: 6. 
 
 3. to begin to speak., particularly in 
 later Hebrew. Job 3 : 2 rai-^i^ "jy^T 
 17D!S;?1 then began Job and said. Cant- 
 2: lO.'is. 14:10. Zech. 1: 10. 3:4. 
 4: 11,12. Construed with an accus. 
 of the person, to address any one, 
 Zech. 1:11. 
 
 4. i ln:y to give testimony., to tes- 
 tify., namely, by answering t"he inqui- 
 ries of the judge; sometimesybr a per- 
 son. Gen. 30: 33. 1 Sam. 12 : 3. but 
 for the most part against him, 
 2 Sam. 1:16. Num. 35 : 30. Deut. 
 19: 18. Job 16: 8 insi^^: ':Dn ^ujns 
 my leanness testifies to my face. 
 More full 2 '12? in: 3? to bear witness 
 
 against any one, Ex. 20 : 16. comp. 
 Deut. 31:21. The thing testified is 
 put in the accus. Deut. 19: 16. 
 
 5. to pass a sentence., responsum da- 
 re ; spoken of the judge. Ex. 23 : 2. 
 Spoken of Jehovah, to announce., as 
 an oracle. Gen. 41: 16. comp. Deut. 
 20: 11. 1 Sam. 9: 17 ^TllV nirT^i 
 
 T r T 
 
 then Jehovah announced to him. 
 
 6. to cry., shout., for the onset or 
 for victory, Ex. 32 : 18. Jer. 51: 14. 
 as the jackal. Is. 13: 22. 
 
 7. to sing. Ex. 15:21. Construed 
 with ^, to praise or celebrate by sing- 
 ing, l'Sam.21: 10. 29: 5. Ps. 147: 7. 
 
 Niph. 1. to be answered. Job 11:2. 
 
 2. to be heard. Job 19:7. Prov. 
 21: 13. 
 
 3. as if pass, of Hiph. i. q. Kal, to 
 answer., coniitrued with b. Ezek. 14: 
 4,7. 
 
 Pi i. q. Kal no. 7. to sing. Ex. 32: 
 18. Ps. 88: 1, Is. 27: 2. 
 II. T]j0^ (for i:", a proper verb 1 ?, 
 
 T T 
 
 comp. the derivatives 12^^, ^^2!?.) 
 
 1. to bestow labmir or toil on any 
 thing, to busy one'^s self therewith, 
 construed with 2. Ecc. 1: 14. 3:10. 
 
mT 
 
 503 
 
 ^33? 
 
 speak^ as in Heb. no. 3. Dan. S: 20. 
 3: 9, 19, 24, 26, 28. 4: 16,27. [4: 
 19, 30.] Construed with b of the 
 person, Dan. 2: 47. 
 
 (Syr. -^ Ij-^ , Arab. . j;^ with ^ 
 
 idem.) 
 
 2. ^0 suffer^ to he bowed down or 
 oppressed. Ps. 116 : lO- 119 : 67. ^'^^ pK,r. tZl^i:^, const, iiri^ verbal 
 Zech. 10: 2. Is. 31:4 i<b t]:i^n72i -/ 'V;' , *;-' 
 
 ^-^ , . ^, J J ^ 7 "1;" from in :y no. II. 2. dec. I V. c. 
 ^?.t'j <^^ w no^ bowed down before 
 
 their multitude^ i.e. does not lose his 
 labour. 23:5 iiz^\2 tD'^'l'^^^^^ ^"^72] the 
 triumphal song of the tyrant is bowed 
 down or brought low. (Arab. \j^ 
 
 to be bowed down, to be humble.) 
 
 Niph. 1. to be or become afflicted. 
 
 Ps. 119: 107. 
 
 2. reflex, to bow down or humble >^^m^ . . ,, ., r < i vi 
 
 , ,/. ^1 vu -.4^ T? I HJ^ strictly the fern, ot i:i% dec. XI. 
 owe'5 self., construed with "^lEX:. Ex. -r^-; -^ ''' 
 
 10: 3. The infin. nwb stands here ^- "^e^l substantively. 
 
 r ^; ..^1. " 1. Wm%. Prov. 15: 33. 18:12. 
 
 for m::;ri>. 22. ^ ^eph 2: 3. 
 
 Pi. 1. to oppress, afflict, humble. 2. mildness, goodness, spoken of 
 
 Gen. 16: 6. 15: 13. 31: 50. Ex. 22: God. Ps 18- 36 
 22. Ps. 102: 24 ^nb ^^.^ n::? Ae ^^33, ^ j ^ ^^.^ ^^ 2. Ps. 45: 5. 
 {the enemy) has humbled my strength / * " " * 
 
 in the way. 88: 8 rCiy T^'^y:'::T2'^'2 pi3?^ see pDl^^. 
 
 .i7/i a// thy waves thou liast afflicted ^^yj ^ p^/gg. 05 ^:i^ n^-v the afflic^ 
 me. v; * ^ - "^ 
 
 2. joined with tTvZ?^^ , comprime- iion of the afflicted. Others, after the 
 
 1 . afflicted, oppressed, poor, unhap^ 
 py. Ps. 9: 13. 10: 12, 17. -"'137 
 yni$ i^e /7oor of the earth, Is. 11: 4. 
 Ps''76: 10. Prov. 3:34. For the 
 most part involving the idea of Im- 
 mility, or virtuous suffering, coir'-i. 
 particularly Ps. 25: 9. 37: 11. 69: 33. 
 
 2. 7neek. Num. 12: 3. _ 
 
 re feminam, to deflour or ravish a 
 woman. Gen. 34 : 2. Deut. 22 : 24, 
 29. Judg. 19: 24. 20: 5. 
 
 3. joined with 'tL'S::, to afflict the 
 
 soul, i. e. to fast. Lev. 16: 31. 23: 
 27, 32. Num. 29: 7. 
 
 Pu. to be oppressed, humbled. Ps. 
 119 : 71. Is. 53 : 4. Intin. nnii" his 
 misery, his affliction, Ps. 132: 1. 
 
 Hiph. i. q. Pi. no. 1. 1 K. 8 : 35. 
 2 Chr. 6 : 26 tZi:^;*^ *'3 when thou 
 hast afflicted them. Ecc. 5 : 1 9 "^3 
 izb nn^t;:? n:r?5 tn-nVi^Ji for 
 God humbleth him in the joy of his 
 heart. Others : if God hears him 
 through the joy of his heart, i. e. im- 
 parts to him the joy of his heart. 
 
 Sept. Vulg. Chald. the cry of the af- 
 flicted, (parall. lyTiJ,) but n::? is:us- 
 ed neither in Hebrew (see no. I. 6.) 
 nor in the other dialects to express 
 lameyitation. 
 "^y^, fem. n^3y, plur. tD*"-;:??, const. 
 
 ^l'.^'.-, verbal adj. from H::? no. IL 
 dec* VIII. m. 
 
 1 . poor, helpless ; often in refer- 
 ence to the national distresses of the 
 Israelites. (Comp. De Wette in den 
 Studien, Th. 3. p. 209.) Ex. 22 : 24. 
 Deut. 24: 12. Ps. 10:2, 9. 14:6. 18: 
 28. 
 
 2. humble, lowly. Zech- 9: 9. For 
 the plur. rzi^-^zv the Kethib often 
 has Q-^lzy, e. g.* Ps, 9: 19. Is. 32:7. 
 
 Hithpa. 1. to humble one''s self. ^. . . .0 . ^ 
 
 Gen. 16: 9. Particularly before God, ^??,' '" P^^^ ^::^, with sufl". ^r^V, ver- 
 Dan. 10: 12. bal from t^:^* no. II. dec. VI. q. af- 
 
 2. to be afflicted, as in Kal. IK 
 
 2: 26. 
 
 HD?,, ^yP^ Chald. 1. to anszver. Dan. 
 
 2: '7, 10.' 3: 14, 16. 5: 8. 6: 14. 
 2, more frequeutly to begii\ to 
 
 fliction, oppression, suffering, misery. 
 Gen. 16: 11. 31: 42. 41:52. ':b "TS 
 the children of affliction, i. e. the af- 
 flicted, Prov. 31 : 5. "ib? tZin!: the 
 bread of affliction, Deut. 16: 3. 
 
V\:^ 
 
 504 
 
 ts:::? 
 
 1*^33? m. dec. II. h. 1. a business., em- 
 ployment Ecc.2:26. 1: 13i?n yj:^^ a 
 troublesome business. 
 
 2. a matter^ thing., (as in Chald.) 
 Ecc. 4: 8 :s>"1 yzy an evil thing. 5 : 
 13 ^*J ]2:i;2 by an evil matter., i. e. 
 by an adverse occurrence. 2 : 23 
 ^^^23J D>*s grief is his portion. 8 : 16. 
 (Comp. n:3> no. II. 1.) 
 
 ti'^uj^^ found only Gen. 10:13. a peo- 
 
 jple of Egyptian origin, otherwise 
 unknown, 
 
 '^'7'Bj^ proper name of an idol of the 
 
 inhabitants of Sipphara. Once 2 K. 
 17: 31. It appears to be compound- 
 ed of LTDIi? = pAJO an image^ statue^ 
 and '^';:^ a king. The former part 
 of this composition is found also in 
 the proper name 'Ei^if-ieac^uQ., (Tob. 
 1: 2,13, 15,16.) i.e. ^Di<?23:s>, (comp. 
 
 12^ m. const. I^i^, dec. IV. c. a cloud. 
 
 'Oen. 9: 14. Ex. 13: 21, 22. 14: 19. 
 Hence the denom. ]:.y 
 J 3?^ Ch^ld. idem. Plur. const. '^::i'., 
 
 Dan. 7: 13. 
 
 yjV-> in Pi. "22?, denom. from "j:?, <o 
 
 gather clouds. Gen. 9 : 14. Hence 
 many likewise derive 
 
 j:^:? Po. fut. '}:>"':, part. ]?>?3, to 
 augur from the appearances of the 
 clouds., a species of divination. Lev. 
 19: 26. Deut. 18: 10, 14. 2 K. 21: 6. 
 But we have no proof that this mode 
 of divination was known in ancient 
 times. Better to render it, like the 
 Talmudists (Surenhusii Mishna, T. 
 IV. p. 244.) and several ancient ver- 
 sions, to fascinate., enchant., bewitch., 
 by the eye, (Ital. indocchiatura.,) and 
 to derive it from ";']>. Comp. the 
 Arab. f^VX oculo maligno petivit., 
 also T^b and ]Vy. 
 
 ri33^ f. a cloud. Job 3: 5. 
 
 >|j3? a bough., branch. Ezek. 17: 8, 23. 
 
 With suff. t=i52:? Ezek, 36 ; 8, (as 
 if from ?]?.^.) 
 
 C|::^ Chald. idem. Dan. 4: 9, 11. [4: 
 
 12, 14.] 
 t\2p m.full of branches. Ezek. 19: 10. 
 
 pjU? liter, to surround like a necklace 
 (p:?.) Ps. 73: 6 nl^^^ VOtipjlV^ pride 
 surroundeth him like a necklace. The 
 coUum resvpinum is, in poetic lan- 
 guage, an indication of pride. 
 
 Hiph. p"'^y?i to give to any one. 
 Deut. 15:14 ':j":i(^?2 V- p^',?n p^r.^'n 
 thou shall surely give to him from thy 
 flock. (Arab. i_,tAC, with ^c,/a- 
 cilem se alicui prcebuii., Sainar. p:5? 
 subvenita\\cm.,adjuvit eum.) Others: 
 liter, thou shall load upon him., col- 
 lo imponas. 
 
 I. p33^ m. a necklace., an ornament for 
 
 the neck. Cant. 4: 9. Plur. SZi"'- and 
 DT, Prov. 1: 9. Judg. 8: 26. 
 
 II. pD?, once pi:?^ (Josh, 21 : 11.) 
 found only in the phrases p:^ ^22, 
 p:rn ^rz, Num. 13: .33. p\".p^ *'T^?i 
 Num. 13: 22, 28. sons of Anak ; and 
 tZ3^p2?; the Anakites., Deut. 1: 28. 2: 
 10, 11, 21. an ancient race of giants^ 
 which before the irruption of the Is- 
 raelites into Palestine dwelt in the 
 neighbourhood of Hebron and in 
 some other places, (Josh. 11: 21.) but 
 were destroyed, excepting a small 
 remnant in the Philistine cities, Gaza,, 
 Gath, and Ashdod. (The word ap- 
 pears to have been originally an ap- 
 
 pellative, comp. O^aC homines,prin- 
 cipes.) 
 J}3^, fut. 'iii^^ 1. to amerce or m- 
 
 pose a fine on any one, construed with 
 two accus, Deut. 22: 19. Also to ex- 
 act from a conquered enemy, 2 Chr. 
 36:3. Sometimes this tine or contribu- 
 tion is in natural productions, Am.2:8. 
 
 2. to punish in any way, construed 
 with ^ Prov. 17: 26. 
 
 3. io suffer., lo be jmnished. Prov. 
 21: 11. 
 
 Niph. 1. to be amerced or fined. 
 Ex. 21: 22. 
 
 2. to suffer or be punished in any 
 way. Prov. 22: 3. 27: 12. 
 
5:SD3? 
 
 505 
 
 "l3? 
 
 '233i' *w- verbal from '^liry. 
 
 33. 
 
 1. a jine^ contribution. 2 K. 23 
 
 em part of mount Zion, which was 
 surrounded and fortified with a wall. 
 2 K. 5: 24. 2 Chr. 27: 3. 33: 14. 
 Neb. 3: 27. 11: 21. comp. Joseplii 
 2. a punishment. Prov. 19: 19. Bell. Jud. vi. 6. 
 
 1^2T m. Chald. a rnulct^ Jine. Ezra Qi^^^ ( to be pronounced D^7SD3? 
 
 7: 26. (jj. ;3h^^5?) in the Kethib of Deut 
 
 Tiyjy whence n^^S, Chald. see DV. 
 
 28: 27. 1 Sam . 5: 6 ff. tumours, on 
 the fundament.) hemorrhoids. (Arab. 
 \XC ill men a tumour on the funda- 
 ment ; in women a swelling on the 
 pudenda.) The Keri in all these pas- 
 sages has Q''*lTnt2 q. v. 
 
 ^^^'^ m. dec. III. a. new wine. Joel u2''^S5? and D^S^S2^ dual, found on- 
 1: 5. 4 : 18. [3:18.] Amos 9:13. ly in the const, state ""SSiDi*, eye-lash* 
 
 nin3^ proper name of a Levitical 
 
 city in the tribe of Benjamin, the 
 birthplace of Jeremiah. Josh. 21 : 
 18. Is. 10: 30. Jer. 1: 1. The gen- 
 tile noun is ''n'P.Z'J 2 Sam. 23: 27. 
 
 Root CD^. 
 &D3? to tread dcmn. Mai. 3: 21. [4: 
 
 3.] 
 '^TJ Is. 15: 5 5l'-|3;2>'^., to judge from the 
 
 context, i. q. ^^^li:?";, or il^'^i?^ 
 
 es. Job 16: 16. Ps. 132: 4. "^S^?^ 
 ^n'l3 the eye-lashes of the morning 
 dawn^ i. e. the beams emitted from 
 the rising sun, Job 3: 9. 41: 10. [41: 
 18.] (The Arabian and Greek po- 
 ets have the same figure.) 
 
 they stir upja cry.) Vulg. clamorem "li^:? m. dec. IV. c. dust., earth. Gen. 
 
 2:"7. 26: 15. Lev. 14: 42, 45. Hab. 
 1 : 10. Plur. const. Dl^tif Prov. 
 
 levabunt. The form appears to be 
 a corruption of one of the two giv- 
 en above. 
 
 ns:;p see mD*^;?. 
 
 ">S^ m. plur. D'^N^Cy, dec. VI. q. a 
 
 bough., branch., foliage. Ps. 104 : 12. 
 See the following article. 
 
 *'iJ? Chald. a bough., branchy as in Heb. 
 
 Dan.4:9,ll,18. [4: 12, 14, 21.] (Syr. 
 
 |.iCliik a bough., top of a tree ; 
 
 X^^a!:^ foliage.) 
 
 7S}5^ prob. tmmiit., (comp. bB!9.)Hence 
 
 to be arrogant^ contumacious^ rash., 
 (against God.) Comp. n""?, IT. 
 Pu. idem. Hab. 2: 4. 
 
 8: 26. Job 28: 6. Used only rarely 
 of the fine floating dust (otherwise 
 called pnj<,) as Ps. 18: 43. nsui 
 
 125? b? io li^ ii^ the dust or grave., Job 
 20Vll7 21: 26. So with -^D^!:, Job 
 7: 21. nc^ ^"71 to descend to the 
 grave., Ps. 22: 30. 30:10. bi?. ilUJ 
 TD5> to return to the dust.,Gen.o: 19. 
 PsVl04: 29. *1D>{T ID^ dust and 
 
 ashes., a figurative expression for hu- 
 mility, frailty. Gen. 18: 27. Ps. 103. 
 14. ncy b5i< to eat the dust., spok- 
 en of the serpent, Gen. 3: 14. comp. 
 Is. 65: 16. Hence 
 n^3? Pi- denom. from icy, to cover 
 with earth. 2 Sam. 16: 13. 
 
 Hiph. Num. 14 : . 44 ^bB&'l ^^^ m. prim. dec. VI. m. the young 
 ^5^ riir?:r they were rash and wnt of the stag., roe., or gazelle. Cant. 2: 
 
 ;comp. Deut. 1: 43 ^!:"m ntn 9,17. 4:5. 7:4. 8:14. (Arab. 
 
 , * ^*''t' ^AC and f^ a young wild goat.) 
 
 ;:Si? m. a hill. Is. 32: 14. Mic. 4: 8. ^ ^ ^ 
 
 With the article, {the /(/,) proper "^,^? ^- P'^P^^ "^"^^ ^^ ^ P^^^^ ^" 
 
 name of an eminence on the east- the tribe of Benjamin. Josh. 18: 23. 
 
 64 
 
n-sip 
 
 506 
 
 is:p 
 
 n 
 
 1 Sam. 13: 17. In Mic. 1 : 10, n*"2 
 
 2. also of a place in the tribe of 
 Manasseh. Judg. 6: 11. 8: 27. 9: 5. 
 "jllSiJ^ 1. proper name of a city on 
 
 the borders of the tribe of Benja- 
 min. 2 Chr. 13: 19. The Keri has 
 
 2. also of a mountain on the bor- 
 ders of the tribes Judah and Benja- 
 min. Josh. 15: 9. 
 nnSi? f lead. Ex. 16: 10. n^.Di^'tl -J^iJ* 
 a weight qflead^ Zech. 5: 8. 
 '3? m. plur. D"'^i';, const. '^:^V., dec- 
 
 VII. f 
 
 1. a tree ; freq. 
 
 2. wood. Also a post., gibbet., gal- 
 lows., paiibulum., Gen. 40: 19. Dent. 
 21:22. Josh. 10: 26. The plur. 
 D"'23J denotes logs or pieces ofwood^ 
 whether billets for burning, Lev. 1: 
 7. 4: 12. or timber for building and 
 the like. D'^ts/J '^:25? acacia wood, 
 Ex. 25:10 ff. 
 
 D 122^5? 1. to labour.) make., form ; (see 
 
 ~ T 
 
 Pi. no. 1.) Deriv. i^:? and niSb^ an 
 
 ' T r 
 
 vinage, idol; ilSy vas fictile. Par- 
 ticularly to perform hard or fatig- 
 uing labour., (comp. "j 11222^.) Hence 
 
 2. to suffer pain., (see Initi^, iiSb:', 
 nn^^.^^ 1^-223? _pai/i.) Comp. Niph. 
 no. 1. 
 
 3. to be pained or distressed in mind., 
 dolere., or trans, to occasion pain or 
 distress., to grieve., to afflict. 1 K. 1: 
 6. 1 Chr. 4 : 10. Is. 54 : 6. Comp. 
 Niph. no. 2. Pi. and Hiph. 
 
 Niph. 1. to hurt one'^s self with 
 any thing, construed with 2. Ecc. 
 10: 9. 
 
 2. to grieve or vex one'^s self Gen. 
 45: 5. 1 Sam. 20: 3. Construed with 
 bN, (l Sam. 20 : 34.) and with b^', 
 (2* Sam. 19 : 3.) of the thing about 
 which one is vexed. 
 
 Pi. 1. to make., form. (Comp. Kal 
 no. 1.) Job 10: 8. 
 
 2. to grieve., vex. (Comp. Kal no. 
 3.) Is. 63: 10. Ps. 56: 6. 
 
 Hiph. i. q. Pi. no. 2. to vex, to ex- 
 
 cite to anger, e. g. the Deity. Ps. 
 78: 40. 
 
 2. perhaps to serve, worship, (comp. S 
 "in^ to labour and to serve.) Jer. 44: ^ 
 19 nn'^SCySlb to worship her {the queen 
 of heaven.) Vulg. ad colendum earn. 
 Others : to form an image of her. 
 (Comp. Kal no. 1.) 
 
 Hithpa. 1 . to grieve or trouble one^s 
 self Gen. 6:6. 
 
 2. to be angry. Gen. 34 : 7. See 
 Hiph. no. 1. 
 
 Deriv. out of course ^S2y73. 
 
 DjSI5? Chald. found only in the part. 
 
 n^'Zir troubled, afflicted. Dan. 6: 21. 
 13^^ found only in the plur. tzi'^3227, 
 
 const. "S^y, verbal from i^^, idols, 
 
 images. 1 Sam. 31: 9. 2 Sam. 5 : 21. 
 
 Hos. 4:17. (See the root no. 1.) 
 D!S3?] m. verbal from i2y , plur. with 
 
 suflf. tDp.''ni5? (with Dagesh forte 
 
 euphonic,) a labourer,servant. Is.58:3. 
 D23? and D2:3? m. verbal from S:^:^, 
 
 dec. VI. a. 
 
 1. fatiguing labour, toil. Pro v. 10: 
 22. Plur. D'^ili^?. hard earnings, 
 labores, Prov. 5 : 10. CD'^s^S' tan^. 
 bread acquired by hard labour, Ps. 
 127: 2. 
 
 2. pain,{o{ a woman in childbirth.) 
 Gen. 3: 16. 
 
 3. sorrow, affliction, bitterness. 
 Prov. 15: 1 ni;.^: "l^"! a bitter or an- 
 gry word. See the verb in Hiph. 
 
 4. an earthen vessel, vas fictile. 
 Jer. 22: 28. (See Kal no. 1.) 
 
 ^'Jip m. verbal from :3:i", dec. VI. p. 
 
 1. an image, like i2w3?. Is.. 48: 5* 
 Ps. 139: 24 nxii? ^[11 idolatry. 
 
 2. pain. 1 Chr. 4: 9. Is. 14 : 3. 
 "jlD-S^? m. const. ]in^3? , verbal from 
 
 :2:i'J, dec. III. d. I 
 
 1. labour, toil. Gen. 3: 17. 5: 29. 
 
 2. pain. Gen. 3 : 16 ^?.^2i23f 
 ^pi'^JlT thy pain and thy conception, 
 i. e. the pain of thy conception. 
 
 riD23? f. const, nni:? (as if from 
 
n;:? 
 
 507 
 
 Qs:? 
 
 nasj?,) plur. const, ninety, verbal ^^^^ VT'S? {the spine ofaman)iproi^' 
 from S2y, dec. XIII. k. ^^ name* of a haven in Idumea, on 
 
 1. pam.sitf ering. Job 3:28. Fs, ^^^ Elaniflc gulf, whence Solo- 
 
 ^^i,^- ,. ,. p. 1 irr o mon sent ships to Ophir, in la- 
 
 2. affliction, sorrow. Ps 147 : 3 ^^^ ^-^^^ ^^1^^^ Berenice. Num. 33: 
 tZininssri; u:2n72 /le btndeth up 35. Deut. 2: 8. 1 K. 9: 26. 22: 49. 
 their wounds, i. e the wounds of L^^ ^ ^^ ^^1 i^ j^tj j, ^^ 5, ,i,^/^;. 
 their soul. Prov. 10: 10. Jomedwith ^ ~^, ^ "^ 
 
 nb, 15:13. , Judg. 18:9. 
 
 nS^ to shut or c/o.e (the eyes.) Once 7?.3? ni. verbal from b^i^S sZo^Vu/, 
 pVov. 16:30. (Ethiop. -^SSy c/am7 slugghh, lazy. Prov. 6: 6, 9. 13:4. 
 portam. Arab. conj. VII. conni-uii oc- .^" , 1^ ....* 
 
 J^ZrV) n^2i.? f- Prov. 19: 15. and nnbiT? 31: 
 
 n25? m. the chine, spine, back-bone. 27.' verbals from 1:2^:^, sZoi/t, idleness. 
 Lev. 3: 9. According to others, i. q. Dual d^n^^?? double, i. e. great, ici/e- 
 Arab. ^jkOJlxaC 05 coccygis. See ne^s. Ecc. 10: 18. 
 Bocharti Hieroz. I. p. 497. [. ZTiy and ClS^ (Ps. 38: 20.) 
 
 I. TVIV^ fem. of yS'., used collectively, ^ J^ ^e siron^, mighty. Gen. 26: 
 
 woo(i, i. q. tZ3''2<. Jer. 6: 6. 
 II. Jl^SS? f- const. n]?^, verbal from 
 
 V:^^,'dec. XI. b. 
 
 1.^ counsel given or received. 2 
 Sam. 16: 20. Ps. 119: 24 "nst?^ ^-^2^ 
 my counsellors. 
 
 2. purpose, design, plan. Is. 19: 3. 
 "ni^S^ ti'^i^ the man whom I have se- 
 lected for my purpose. Is. 46 : 11. 
 n^Ei; tlUj:? to form a design or pur- 
 pose. Is. 30: 1. 
 
 3. wisdom, refection, consilium, as 
 a quality of mind. Is. 11: 2. Prov. 8: 
 14. Jer. 32: 19 ri^SJll bl^ magnus 
 consilio. 1 Chr. 12: 19 !li::>3 -riyii/i re- 
 
 16, More frequently inchoatively, to 
 become mighty, Ex. 1: 7, 20. Dan. 8: 
 8, 24. 11: 23. 
 
 2. to be numerous. Ps. 38: 20. 40: 
 6, 13. (See Di:^^'.) These two ideas 
 are embraced likewise in the kind- 
 red verbs nin and Si'n. (Arab. 
 
 *^^ idem.) 
 
 Pi. DSiy (denom. from di^ a bone,) 
 exossare, to gnaw fesh from a bone. 
 Jer. 50: 17. Comp. Dna. 
 
 Hiph. to make strong. Ps. 105: 24. 
 II. i2-I>" Is. 33 : 15. and in Pi. DSTSr, 
 
 _ ^ _ followed by )2']2'^Z, to shut or close 
 
 flection. Plur. ni:^^, once with suff. the eyes. 29: 10. (Arab. ^Aaci <o 
 
 ^']^^?. Is. 47:13. Elsewhere usually Und up.) 
 
 nii:5:iX3. Q^;? f. verbal from fi^iy, dec. VI. a. 
 
 'DTIV m. verbal from taitSJ , dec. 
 
 IIl.'c. 
 
 1. 5iron^, mighty. Num.14: 12 
 iZ]n::5''] bi"5.^ "'i.'i a great and strong 
 people. Deut 4: 38. 
 
 2. numerous. Joel 1: 6. Ps. 35: 18. 
 
 3. Plur. tD'^^.^ii:?'. the strong ones, 
 prob. a poetical epithet, (like 'T'SJ:?, 
 rt^Iib,) for strong members, teeth^ 
 claws. Hence Ps. 10: 10 b53 
 a-NSbn r?9^25?a the unhappy fall 
 into his claws. Others : his strong 
 ones, i. e. his young lions. 
 
 1. a bone. Gen. 2: 23 "^^SS^T: Dir2> 
 bone of my bones. Plur. n"'72:i> and 
 more frequently ni732{y, the latter 
 form being used generally, (but not 
 exclusively,) of the bones of a dead 
 person, in reference to burial, etc. 
 (Comp. nin^, niE3.) Ex. 13 : 19. 
 Josh. 24: 32.' 2 Sam. 21 : 1214. 2 
 K. 23: 14, 18, 20. 
 
 2. body, form, appearance. Lam. 
 4: 7. 
 
 3. the same, very, itself, in refer- 
 ence to things; e.g. ^^;r^ Di^ri T2^t^ 
 
12^:? 
 
 508 
 
 np3? 
 
 on this same day. Gen. 7: 13. 17: 23, 
 26. Ex. 24: 10 D';tt-^n tD2:^:3 o^ i/ie 
 heaven itself. Job 21 : 23 l^an &ir3?a 
 ^n ^Ae 7nidst of prosperity, (in a 
 similar way the Arabians use uyj^-C 
 an eye.) 
 
 4. proper name of a city in the 
 tribe of Simeon. Josh. 15:29. 19: 3. 
 lChr.4:29. 
 blSi? m. verbal from Dl^y, dec. VI. p. 
 
 1. strength. Deut. 8: 17. Job 30: 
 21. 
 
 2. body, frame, i. q. 0^22^ no. 2. 
 Ps. 139:15. 
 
 r]l2:iV f verbal from D^5r, dec. X. 
 
 1. Strength. Is. 40: 29. 
 
 2. multitude. Is. 47: 9. Nab. 3: 3. 
 "jl/D!^^ proper name of a city on the 
 
 southern boundary of Palestine. Num. 
 34:4, 5. Josh. 15:4. 
 ni'D-S^ f verbal from C^^', strong 
 
 reasons., arguments. Is. 41 : 21. (In 
 Talmud. ni73l23^ argumenta valida, 
 rationes ; Arab. T^J2'Ji:^ defensio., tu- 
 tamen.) 
 y^^ found only 2 Sam. 23: 8. prob. a 
 
 '"' 5 c ^ 
 
 spear. Comp. Arab. (^'^^ a hough, 
 hranch. See under the art. ]"^iy. 
 "^"ip , fut. 'n:^;?: and 1':^:^::. 
 
 1. to stop, hold back, detain. 1 K. 
 18: 44. Judg. 13: 16. Construed with 
 r, Jpb 12: 15 D^?23 1'.y>2 he holdeth 
 back the ximiers. 4: 2, 29- 9. 
 
 2. ^0 shut up, e. g. heaven, that it 
 may not rain, Deut. 11:17. 2 Chr. 
 7: 13. a woman, that she may not 
 bear, Gen. 16:2. 20: 18 (where "152 
 pertains to the construction, see 1^3 
 no. 4.) Hence also to imprison, 2 K. 
 17: 4. Jer. 33: 1. 36: 5. 39: 15. 
 1 Chr. 12: I bn^NT^ '^ps)^ '\W shut 
 up or kept close because of Saul. 
 
 3. to rule, coercere imperio. 1 Sam. 
 9: 17. See -i:^^. 
 
 4. nb ^'^^ (only in later He- 
 brew,) to retain strength. Dan. 10:8, 
 16. 11: 6. 2Chr. 13: 20. Construed 
 
 with r, to have power or be abU to 
 do any thing, 1 Chr. 29: 14. 2Chr.2: 
 5. 22: 9. Also without nb, 2 Chr. 
 20: 37. 14: 10. 
 
 Niph. 1. to be stopped. Num. 17: 
 13, 15. [16: 48, 50.] 2 Sam. 24: 21, 
 25. Ps. 106: 30. 
 
 2. to be shut up, spoken of heaven. 
 1 K. 8: 35. 2 Chr. 6: 26. 
 "i;Si!' m. verbal from -^.^l^", dec. VI. 
 
 1. the shutting up. Prov. 30 : 16 
 Dtin n:i2*3> the shutting up of the -jsomb, 
 I. e. the barren womb. 
 
 2. oppression. Ps. 107:39. Is. 53:8. 
 "^/J^*? m. verbal ^Tom^'l'S, government, 
 
 restraint. Judg. 18: 7. See the verb 
 no. 3. 
 Irn^^ f- and more frequently r)^,i^_, 
 
 dec. XI. d. 
 
 1. an assembly. Jer. 9: 1. 
 
 2. particularly a festival meeting of 
 the people, navrjyvQig. Joel 1: 14. 2 
 K. 10: 20. Am. 5: 21. Is. 1:13. 
 
 3. by Vv^ay of eminence, the festi- 
 val meeting of the people on the sev- 
 enth day of the passover, or on the 
 eighth of the feast oftabernacles,sjnon- 
 ymous with "^li^p ti'^p^'D. Lev. 23: 
 36. Comp. Num. 29:^35. Deut. 16: 
 8. 2 Chr. 7: 9. Neh. 8: 18. (Comp. 
 in Arab, 'i^x.^.^^ a meeting, a day of 
 meeting, Friday the festival of the 
 Mohammedans.) 
 
 npZ? , fut. :ipT_<, (denom. from sp.^ the 
 
 heel,) to hold any one by the heel. 
 Hos. 12: 4 T'nN;-r!k^. Spy ]t3^.5 in 
 the womb he took his brother by the 
 heel. Comp. ip.i"3 THJJ. Particularly 
 to trip up the heel of any .one, supplan- 
 tare ; hence to act deceitfully. Gen. 
 27: 36. Jer. 9: 3. 
 
 Pi. to stop or hold- back any thing, 
 retardare. Job 37: 4. 
 ypy m. const, npy, plur. const, ^inps; 
 (in some editions "'ispi; with Dagesh | 
 forte euphonic.) 
 
 1. thcheel. Gen..3: 15. Ps. 56:7. Job 
 18: 9. Jer. 13: 22. Cant. 1: 8. 
 
 2. the hoof{o<i horse.) Gen. 49: 
 17. Judg. 5: 22. 
 
bp 509 tip 
 
 3. with a plur. niSJ!:2? fern, (or ni^)t:bi:?. by-zmys. So Ps, 125 ; 5 
 neut.) a footstep, trace. Ps. 77: 20. ni!?j?Vpy without addition, idem. 
 
 89: 52. (Comp. Cant 1: 8.) f-'inVp?' m.verbal from Vps, crooW, 
 
 4. metaphorically me hinder part I ' ^1--: *" 
 
 of an army. Josh. 8 : 13. Gen. 49: spoken of the serpent. Is. 27: 1. 
 
 19- T. , T ^ ,. 1P^ <o root Old, to pluck up, (any 
 
 5. as a verbal adi. iromipS', a h- - ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ /r o 
 
 er in r.ait, insidiator. Ps. 49- 6. "''"? P'^"'^.'^,-) fc 3: 2. (In Syr. 
 
 Dp:j m. 1. subst. an eminence, a hill. j^jp^^ ^^ ^^ destroyed, spoken of a 
 
 5 c ^ ^^y , city. Zeph. 2: 4. 
 
 (Arab. v_^JtC and ^^-^^ clivus,cli- Pi. ^o /ioi/^A or hamstring, to dis- 
 
 vositas mantis.) Is. 40: 4. a6/e 6y cutting the sinews of the ham; 
 
 2. adj. deceitful. Jer. 17: 9. e. g. a horse, Josh. 11 : 6, 9. 2 Sam. 
 
 3. adj. (denom. from Ij?.:^ i/ie heel 8: 4. 1 Chr. 18:4. an ox, Gen. 49: 6. 
 a footstep,) Hos. 6: 8 b"!^ nzp.?^ (Arab. 3(c c^em.) 
 
 with footsteps of blood. >^p^ qj^^I^j ^^ ^i^^k up. Ithpe. pass. 
 
 np5? m. 1. f^e enc?, the extremity of any '""s 
 
 thing. (Arab. Ot^J^.) Hence adv. 1^? "^- ^' '^^'^^ ^^' ^'""''^' ^^*^' 
 io t/ie end, forever, Ps. 119: 33, 112. phorically a stock, family. Lev. 25: 
 
 2. a reward, recompense. Ps. 19: 47. (Chald. "1|^<.) 
 12. Prov. 22: 4. liter, i/ie conseqnen- -^p^ f^jj^, nip^. and n^^.p^:, 6arrcr?, 
 ces of an action, comp. loiO'&^ii'a a '^ ^l . ^ , ' '/ i. 
 reward, from Aoraa^og ^/^e to. Hence ^nfrmtful, spoken of a man or wo- 
 ap.:P )::^ Ps. 40: 16. 70: 4. and ips: ^an. Gen 11 : 30. 25: 21. 29: ol 
 T* ;* r , '; Deut. 7:14. (Syr. and Arab, irfem.) 
 
 Is. 5: 23. as an adv. on accmint of, ^, , , 7 . -r^ 
 
 for the sake of liter, as a reward of, "Ip m. Chald. a stock, stump. Dan. 
 in prcemium. Further as a conj. be- 4: 12, 20. [4: 15, 23.] 
 cause that. Num. 14: 24. Deut. 7:12. |Q^pn; m. plur. D'rnpi', dec. VIII. a. 
 
 more in full, ^UiwN ipy Gen. 26: 5. -' : " . 'W''^ n a r^ u 
 
 j^^^^Ja a io" 1. rt5Corj9ion. Ezek. 2: 6. (Arab, 
 
 and ^3 np?. Am. 4: 12. .^^^^^^ S^/^^^^, ^.^^j,,.-^^^. 
 
 riDp^ f. verbal from ipy, /mwrf, tZe- ^^ ^ ^,;^^^ ^r <jco^^,e ^^^^^'^^ ^,,i.^ 
 
 ceiit. 2K. 10:19. knots and thorns. 1 K. 12: 11, 14. 
 
 np:? , fut. ^p5J^ Arab. O^, to bind. 2 Chr. 10: 11, 14 So in Lat. scor- 
 
 *~ f "'" pio, i. q. virga nodosa et aculeata. 
 
 Gen. 22: 9. Hence ^^^^ ^f ^^^ of the 5 
 
 ^p:?, plur. d-"np2.% verbal adj. from > ' '": v ^^ "^^ ^.,. ,. , . 
 
 ' - **' "' cities of the Philistines, by whom 
 
 nj^^, dec. VIII. d. striped, covered -^^ ^^^ constantly possessed, although 
 
 with rings or bands. Gen. 30: 35 ff. it was assigned at first to the tribe 
 
 31: 8 if. of Judah, (Josh. 15: 45.) and after- 
 
 rip>' f. dec. X. oppression. Ps. 55: 4- wards to the tribe of Dan, (Josh. 19: 
 
 '-- 43.) Josh. 13:3. 15:11. 19:43. 
 
 , Rootpi:^ to oppress. jj^ ^. 13 j g^^^, 5. jq. 2 K. 1: 
 
 ^pj? to wind, twist. 2. Sept. '^v.'AaQMv, 'A'auomv. The 
 
 ^Pu. part, perverted, perverse. Hab. gentile noun is "'^hp^ Josh. 13: 3. 1 
 
 1 : 4. (Syr. ^"ioL perversus, Arab. ^^"^- ^- ^^ 
 
 -,. 7 7 N ciP^ ^0 cZ*5^o*^ ;7erT)cr^. Job 9: 20 
 
 ySjC- to bind together.) ^l-r 
 
 , Y o y i:^,p5?*1 /ieperaerf5 me, i.e. perverts 
 
 ::p^^p_?^ verbal adj. from bpi; , dec. j^ycause. 
 
 vill. a. crooked. Judg. 5: 6 ninni. Pi. idem. Mic. 3: 9. To ;?en;ert 
 
nn::? 
 
 510 
 
 nn:? 
 
 one* way?, i. e. to act perversely 
 or falsely, Is. 59: 8. Prov. 10: 9. 
 
 Niph. D'^^IT "<2J(^<5 he whose ways 
 are perverse. Prov. 28: 18. 
 
 Deri v. &'''*2;''}:r^. 
 
 c)p5? m. verbal adj. from Uij^y, dec. 
 
 VII. a. pcraerse^froward. '^f^V iib 
 
 a perverse hearty Ps. 101: 4. and ""^Jv.S? 
 
 ^'2b perverse of hearty Prov. 11: 20. 
 
 37: 20. T'nCtJ 'dj^.:? perverse in his 
 
 lips^ i. e. of a false speech, Prov. 
 
 19: 1. Without addition,ya/5e, Deut. 
 
 32: 5. Ps. 18: 27. Prov. 8: 8. Hence 
 TiVup^ f- denom. from ti'^J',^ dec. I. 
 
 joined with JlE, perverscness of mouthy 
 deceitful speech. Prov. 4: 24. 6: 12. 
 comp. 19: 1. 
 
 I. *^'$ m. an obsolete form, i. q. ^*^2> 
 
 a city ; whence the plural C^^^". 
 In the sin^. ^2; Num. 21: 15. Deut. 
 2: 9. and in full riNVJ \-J {the city 
 of Moab) Num. 21 : 28. "is. 15 : 1. 
 the proper name of the metropolis 
 of Moab, on the southern bank of 
 Arnon, otherwise called nz'i {the 
 great^) m Greek Jlrcopolis.^ now Mab^ 
 .1lo6, Arrabat. See Relandi Palaes- 
 tina, p. 577. 
 
 II. "15^ "1- ^GC. I. an enemy., i. q. ^S. 
 
 (See' the letter y, p. 471.) 1 Sam. 
 28: 16. Plur. Ps. 9: 7. 139: 20. In 
 Chald. idem, Dan. 4: 16. [4: 19.] 
 
 I. !I1^ 1- io mix. In Kal not used. 
 
 See Hithpa. (In Chald. and Syr. 
 more common.) Deri v. iny the 
 woof weft. 
 
 2- to exchange^ barter. Ezek. 27: 
 9, 27. Deriv. ^"y'^^- 
 
 3. to stand in the place of any one, 
 construed with an accus. of the per- 
 son; and that (l.) to be surety for 
 any one by pledging his own life. 
 Gen. 43: 9. 44: 32. Is. 38: 18 ^:n"li? 
 be thou surety for me, i. e. take me 
 under thy protection. Ps. 119: 122. 
 Job 17: 3 *]/2JJ ^^nn:;^ put 7ne in a 
 surety zvith thee. (2.) to be surety for 
 any one, by pnying the debts which 
 he has contracted. Prov. 11: 15. 20: 
 
 16. 27: 13. Also with ^, Prov. 6: 
 Land with "^rsb, 17: fS. Deriv. 
 
 4. to pledge., to give a^ a pledge, 
 construed with an accus. of the thing. 
 Neh. 5: 3 cn^y ^:n:wN5. riz^ns our 
 houses we are obliged to pledge or 
 mortgage. 12)? nfij i'^y to pledge 
 one^s hearty i. e. to venture or dare, 
 Jer. 31:21. (Or nn^ is causat. of no. 
 II. alacrem fecit.) 
 
 Hithpa. 1. to interfere., intermeddle, 
 construed with a. Prov. 14: 10. 
 
 2. to be familiar or have intercourse 
 with any one; construed with a, 
 Ps. 106: 35. Ezra 9: 2. withb, Prov. 
 20: 19. with D:s>, 24: 21. with'nN% Is. 
 36: 8. 2 K. 18:' 23. (In the two last 
 passages it signifies to enter into a 
 negotiation.) 
 
 II. D'n^?? fut. 2*12?^., to be sweet, pleas- 
 ant, construed with b of the person ; 
 spoken e. g. of sleep, Prov. 3: 24. 
 of oiferings, presents, Jer. 6 : 20. 
 Construed with b?, Ps. 104 : 34. 
 Ezek. 16 : 37 tirf't'?^ rtn"!:^ ^"ijyt 
 whom thou hast pleased, (in Arab. 
 
 comp. Or^ alacer, lubensfuit.) 
 
 III. 'Zyj (in Arab, with c-) 
 
 1 . to remove, pass away, disappear. 
 Is. 24: 11 nn^tj-b^ rrai^' all joy 
 disappears. 
 
 2. to set, spoken of the sun ; hence 
 to grow dark, to become evening. Judg. 
 19: 9. 
 
 Hi ph. to do at evening. Infin. ^"ns;?! 
 at evening, strictly vespere faciendo, 
 like as/2Jn mane faciendo, for mane. 
 1 Sam. 17: 16. See n'ly, a^^T:. 
 '2'^V Chald. to mix. 
 
 Pa. idem. Dan. 2: 43. 
 Ithpa. pass. ihid. 
 ^^^ m. verbal from 13^^ no. II. sweety 
 
 pleasant, acceptable. Prov. 20: 17. 
 Cant. 2: 14. 
 D'n^ m. the fourth of the Egyptian 
 
 T 
 
 plagues, the name of a biting insect, 
 (comp. the Arab, [^^to ^) P^^r- 
 
2^^ 
 
 511 
 
 ni::? 
 
 Ijaps blatta orientalis seu JEgyptia^ 
 Linn.(0edmann'8 verm.Sammlungen, 
 H. II. p. 150.) one of the most troub- 
 lesome plagues in all parts of the 
 world, and especially in Egypt. 
 Sept. zwoi-ana, the dog-Jiy. Aqu. 
 ixa^fivlci. Jerome: omne genus mus- 
 carum, (prob. deriving it from in^ 
 to mix.) But that ih:^ is not a gen- 
 eral term, but the name of a defi- 
 nite species of animal, is evident 
 from Ex. 8: 29, 31. 
 
 ::^V f. 2 Chr. 9: 14. and i-ns; Is. 21: 
 
 13*. Ezek. 27: 21. Arabia. The gen- 
 tile noun is ''^1? an Arabian^ also 
 "zyj Neh. 2:19. plur. tD'^nn:^ 2 
 Chr. 21: 16. 22: 1. and tD-^N^n-^^y 2 
 Chr. 17: 11. Is. 13: 20. Jer. 2: 3. 
 313? m. with the article ^"^.^IvJ, ver- 
 bal from la'iy no. I. 1. 
 
 1. as a collective, strangers^ those 
 who do not belong to a people but have 
 mingled with them ; spoken, e. g. of 
 the strangers who had joined the 
 Israelites, Ex. 12: 38. Neh. 13: 3. 
 hence of allied nations, Jer. 25: 20. 
 60: 37. Ezek. 30: 5. 1 K. 10: 15 
 l3*i:^Jl ''isb^ kings of the Israelitish 
 allies or tributaries ; comp. Jer. 25: 
 24. Chald. reges auxiliorum. 
 
 2. the woof or weft. Lev. 13: 48 
 59. 
 
 I. IQ"!}? com. gen. (fern. 1 Sam. 20; 
 
 5.) verbal from i^y no. III. dec. 
 VI. a. the evening. lU'^.^S at evening., 
 also i"^5? mb Gen. 8: H. 24: 11. 
 a'^.5'. (as an accus. used adverbially) 
 Ex.' 16 : 6. and nn:^.b (in poetry) 
 Ps. 59: 7, 15. 90: 6. ^Gen. 49: 27. 
 Plur. nin"i5>, once Jer. 5: 6. 
 
 Dual tD"]?"^i, found only in the 
 phrase D';2ni*n 'j''2 between the two 
 evenings., Ex. 16: 12. 30: 8. the time 
 when, according to Ex. 12:6. Lev. 
 23: 5. Num. 9: 3. the paschal lamb 
 was slain, and according to Ex.29:39, 
 41. Num. 28: 4. the daily evening 
 offering was presented ; which was 
 (l.) according to the Karaites and 
 Samaritans, prob. the time bctzveen 
 
 sunset and dark., (comp. Deut. 16: 6.) 
 (2.) according to the Pharisees (see 
 Josephi Bell. Jud. vi. 9. 3.) and 
 the Rabbinists, /rom the time when the 
 sun begins to decline (called by the 
 Arabians the small evening., in Greek 
 diih] ttqm'i'u^) until actual sunset^{zd\'' 
 led by the Arabians the proper even- 
 ing., in Greek dickf} oijuce.) See Bo- 
 chartL Hieroz. T. I. p. 559. 
 II. 313? or Il'n3? ^' found only in 
 the plur. D"':2"\y , const. "^^1^, a wil- 
 low^ willow-tree., (Arab, with p .) Is. 
 
 44: 4. Job 40: 22. In Ps. 137: 2, we 
 are to understand the oriental mourn- 
 ing willow.^ salix Babylonica., Linn.) 
 Is. 15: 7 D''^n3?. rn2 {the brook of wil- 
 lows) proper name of a brook, 
 probably on the southern boundary 
 ofMoab. 
 2'ni? m. plur. D'^i^b, prim. dec.VII.a. 
 
 1. the raven. Gen. 8: 7. Is. 34: 11. 
 
 Ps. 147 : 9. (Arab. O' y^ idem) 
 
 Sometimes used in a wider sense, in- 
 cluding several kindred species of 
 birds, (as e. g. in Arabic, the crow.) 
 
 2. proper name of a Midianitish 
 prince. Judg. 7: 25. 8: 3. Ps. 83: 12. 
 From him a certain rock was named, 
 Judg. 7: 25. Is. 10: 26. Lev. 11: 15. 
 Deut. 14: 14. 
 
 r;ai>' f. dec. XL d. 
 
 1. a plain. Ezek. 47: 8. 
 
 2. particularly a waste., desert. Is. 
 33: 9. Jer. 50: 12. 51: 43. 
 
 3. When joined with the article, 
 n^n^rr by way of eminence (l.) 
 the country between the Dead sea and 
 the Elaniticgulf. Deut. 1: 1. 2: 8. 
 Josh. 12: 1. whence the Dead sea 
 is likewise called nin^n D^ the sea 
 of the plain., Deut. 4: 49. Josh. 3:16. 
 (2.) the plain of the tribe of Judah. 
 2 Sam. 4: 7. 2 K. 25: 4. rr^^^i'^n Vn2 
 the brook of the plain., i. e. the Kidron, 
 Am. 6: 14. comp. 2 K. 14:25. 
 
 4. a city in the tribe of Benjamin, 
 otherwise called n^n^'r: n"'z. Josh. 
 
 18: 18. 
 Note. The root i'l:? borrows 
 
n? 
 
 512 
 
 r^ 
 
 its sigTiJficatioa perhaps from 
 in Ethiop, gterilis^ aridus fuit^ by 
 a transposition of the letters. 
 m2"17 f verbal from 1'^7 no. I. dec.X. 
 
 1. hail, mrety. Prov. 17: 18. (See 
 a'^:? no. I. 3 ) 
 
 2. a pledge. (See 2*^5 no. I. 4.) 1 
 Sam. 17: 18 n;>n anz"i--nfiei and 
 receive their pledge. 
 
 ^121" m. verbal from 2*2^, a pledge. 
 
 Ge'n. 38: 17, 18, 20. (See Snj no. 
 
 I. 4.) This word appears to have 
 
 passed, probably as a commercial 
 
 term, out of the Hebrew or Pheni- 
 
 cian into the western languages, as 
 
 in Greek uti(judo)v^ in Latin arrfuibo, 
 
 earnest or purchase money. 
 *n2n" a gentile noun from nnnr no. 
 
 4. q. V. 2 Sam. 23: 31. 
 jiy, fat. ii?\ 
 
 1. to mount up^'i. q. Arab. ^ /^. 
 
 2. construed with t^ and rK, fo 
 foot up "jrith loneine^ to lone for any ^..^^i* -^ x- <- t 
 thing.^ (.\rab. fonj! II. VnJ^fnt, il ^^^'^^ ^- ^^*- ^^ ^^' ^'^- ^^^ 
 tentvsfuitTel) Ps 42:2. Joel 1:20. 
 
 3. to empty or povr out. Gen. 21: 
 20. 2Chr. 24: U. Ps. 141: 8 -^rp ? 
 **!;!:: pour not out my life. [. e. de- 
 liver it not op. Comp. Hiph. Is. 53: 
 12. 
 
 Hiph. 1. to nujke hart. her. 20 : 
 18,19. 
 
 2. to pour out. Is. 53 : 12 rr-^rrr 
 
 TSE; ft*ar A poured out hi* life un^ 
 to death^ i. e. he gave it up. 
 
 Niph. to he poured out, yarn, of Fl 
 and Hiph. Is. 32: 15. 
 
 Hithpa. 1. to make one'^s self bare. 
 Lam. 4:21. 
 
 2. to pour or spread ones self out. 
 Ps. 37: 35. 
 
 Deriv. out of course ni'^ 
 
 n-^r^ , ^ir , 
 
 comp. 
 
 also 
 
 Ct?; 
 
 ni", plur. ri-jr Is. 19: 7. verbal 
 from ST^^, dec. X. an open place, a 
 place naked of rcood, (see nrr , 
 n").?.C,) here appUed to the pastures 
 on the banks of the K^ile. 
 
 17: 
 
 The Jewish commentators make it 
 denote the cry of the deer, but this 
 does not suit the passage in Joel. 
 Comp. further ni5>">r. See Bochar- 
 ti Hieroz. P.I. p. 883.* 
 ^iir proper name of a Canaanitish 
 
 royal city, in the south of Palestine, 
 according to Judg. 1:16, in the de- 
 sert of Judah. Num. 21 : 1. 33: 40. 
 Josh. 12:14. 
 
 ^^7 m. Chald. L q. nin:? tiu -xild ass, 
 onager. Dan. 5: 21. 
 
 nil? to be naked. In Kal not used. 
 
 Pi. nnr, fut. with Vay convers. 
 
 i: to make hare. Is. 3 : 17. 22 : 6. 
 Zeph. 2:14 n-^^ rrT-)N the cedar 
 -jcainscotting they make hare, i.e. they 
 tear off. 
 
 2. to make bare (the foundation.) 
 i. e. to destroy. Ps. 137 : 7. Infin. 
 r,T-|^- Hab. 3: 13. (Comp. nVa, nra 
 Ezek, 13:14. Mic. 1:6.) 
 
 7, 10. according to the ancient trans- 
 lators, a hed in a garden, perhaps a 
 raised bed, (from s-^r.) More con- 
 formably to the etymology, an espa- 
 5 c 
 
 iter, comp. Arab, y: r*^ a ladder. 
 
 ^rn^^ m. found only Job 39 : 5. the 
 more Aramean name for W^s, tA 
 -wild ass, onager. 
 
 rSTlJ f. verbal from ir:"^:^, dec. X. 
 ' V. nakedness. Hos. 2: 11. [2 : 9.] 
 Bletaphorically "fl^n nll< <^ 
 nakedness of a country, the part in 
 -achich it is most exposed, Gen. 42: 9, 
 12. 
 
 2. the private parts, pudenda. Gen. 
 9: 22, 23. ".''2X n^")^ the nakedness 
 of his father, i. e. of his fathers wife, 
 Lev. 20: 11. comp. 18:8, 16. 1 Sam. 
 20: 30 yZii r2")7 n wZ":: to the shame 
 of thy m-^Aher's nakedness, a reprcach- 
 ful expression. 
 
 3. offensixeneu, shamffvlness. Deut. 
 
513 
 
 n:? 
 
 23: 15 -^21 ri'"^7 any thing offen- 
 $vct or indecent, (in reference to 
 filth.) So Deat. 24: 1, (in reference 
 to some defect foand in a woman.) 
 
 'T1* Chald. injvry, duhonour^ (of the 
 king-.) Ezra 4: 14. 
 
 ;ii:7, plnr. S-'s^-)^ , few. rrsns? . 
 
 adj. dec. VIII. d. naked. Job 1 : 21. 
 It also agnifies (l.) poorly clad. Job 
 
 nakedness. Ezek. 16: 7 J3^:? pit*? 
 r:^"^"'^ tfum -acwtt nakednesit and bare- 
 ness., I. e. naked and bare. In 
 Hab. 3: 9, it is a pleooa.^lic accus. 
 after irr. 
 
 nO^n^ dec. X. found only in the 
 
 plar. Nam. 15: 20, 21. Neb. 10: 38. 
 .zek. 44: 30. dough, or pastry. Sept. 
 and Valg. in Nam. (fvou^u^ pul- 
 
 22: 6. 24: 7, 10. (2.) stripped r font's <" / ^eh. and Ezek. tjlrog, ci- 
 
 upper garment, haxiag on only anun- ^' .^^ Rabbin. ]Sn7 far hordei 
 
 der garment {r^VZ.) 1 Sam. 19: 24. -^etusU.) 
 
 U. 20: 2. Comp^ John 21 : 7. (Root '^''2'^"]7 masc. plar. prob. cU/uds, 
 
 ^"^y Arab. rr^ to make bare, med. heaven, from ;)*i:7 to drop. U. 5: 30. 
 
 Ke^r. to be shameless.) DeriY. ^J^' ^nd Vnl^y darkness. Perhaps 
 
 ^,^^^^2. kindred ivitb r2"^r. 
 
 C'^"!^ m. verbal from tt-^r, ^ec. ^pl^^ ^ ^^^' V^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^"^^^i 
 
 hence the Kamete L impure.) dec. I. 
 
 1 . strong, mighty, spoken of Jeho- 
 vah. Jer. 20: 11. 
 
 2. in a bad sense, violent, tyranni- 
 
 III. c. 
 
 1. 'jsise^ prudent. Pror. 12: 16, 23. 
 13: 16. 
 
 2. amning. crafty. Gen. 3: 1. Job 
 5:12. 15:5. 
 
 Si"):? see C'-^. 
 
 n^n- and -):?h- 
 
 cai ; and as a sobst. a tyrant, opprts- 
 
 sor. P8.37: 35. Job 15: 20. 27: 13. 
 
 Is. 13: 11. Ezek. 28: 7 D''ia-^''-:? 
 
 
 
 tA moft rio/mf nations. 30: 11. 31: 
 12. 32: 12. comp. Is. 25: 3. Root 
 prob. y^y no. II. according to oth- 
 ers, no. I.' hence liter, terrible. 
 
 1. prob. i- q. 
 n^' (Jer. 17 : 6.* Ps. 102 : 18.) 
 strictly naked, hence needy, driven 
 
 out. Jer. 48:6. Sept Vulg. Chald. .^^ , ,.,,,. 
 
 myriea, the tamarisk. Others, after ^11?/ ?'' ^"".^.^ ^J- ^- ' '^^ 
 
 5^^^ taryl forsaken, childless. Gen. 15: 3. 
 
 the Arab.jX^ the juniper bush. Lev. 20: 20, 21. Jer. 22: 30. Root 
 
 5 c -^-17 no. 2. 
 
 Others, after the Arab, j^ the ^-y^J^. '^Z-. 1. fo set righi, to ar^ 
 
 Gtmuaforaol. 
 
 2. proper name of a city of the 
 Gadites, on the river Amon. Nam. 
 
 32: 34. Dent 2: 36. 3: 12. Josh. 12: 
 2. 13: 25. also writen n::?'n? Judg. 
 11: 26. Is. 17: 2 -.7^;? "-^^ the cit- 
 ies abonit Aroer, perhaps the cities be- 
 yomd Jer dan generally. 
 
 3. Bame of a place in the tribe of 
 Jodah. 1 Sam. 30: 28. 
 
 p" or as in other 3ISS. "fl*^,r some, 
 thing terribU or asful. (Root 'fl^ 
 no. I.) Job 30: 6 S'^rHS f nsrs hi 
 the a:stful valleys. 
 
 n*"^" f. i. q. r:'"" verbal from rr^?, 
 
 65 " 
 
 range, prepare ; e. g. the wood upon 
 the altar, Gen. 22 : 9. Lev. 1 : 7. 
 the shew-bread, 24 : 8. (comp. 
 nzr\rf2 no. 2.) the table for a feast, 
 
 Prov. 9: 2. armoar for battle, Jer. 
 46:3. Particularly (l.) !ncnb73 rp^ 
 to arrange the battle, i. e. to put one's 
 self in battle-array, Judg. 20:20, 22. 
 Coostrned with nil and r-ipb 
 against any one, 1 Sam. 17: 2. Gen. 
 14: 8. Part, r^^rf-'n "^ni? 1 Chr. 
 12: 3.3, 35. and nrnr:3 ^q-!7 Joel 
 2: 5. also simply '^^n^ Jer. 6: 23. 50: 
 42. /)itf tn battle-array! {2.) W^TZ '^-jr 
 to prepare or titter words, eoBStrned 
 with ^ against any oae. Job 32:14. 
 
>v 
 
 514 
 
 ai::? 
 
 Without cV^a, idem, Job 37 : 19 
 ^n "^ZS^ ^"l?.5 Nb 'O'e 5/7aA:c nothing 
 bp reason of darkness or ignorance. 
 Fs. 5: 4 ':]b~^n5?i^. nj?.2 in f/ie morn- 
 ing / direct (my words) <o thee; or 
 intrans. / t/zrect myself to thee. (3.) 
 UE'iJ^ ^n:^ io orc^cr or exhibit one''s 
 cause. Job 13 : 18. 23: 4. comp. Ps. 
 50: 21. 
 
 2. intrans. /o jjui or 5e^ one's se//" (in 
 battle-array.) Judg. 20 : 30, 33. 1 
 Sam. 4: 2. 17: 21. construed with 
 riNnpb, b, b^ against any one, 2 
 Sam'. 10: 9, 10, 17. Jer. 50: 9, 14. 
 Job 6: 4 ''DnD'n:^^ for "k^ ^^")?- 
 i/icy 56^ themselves in array against 
 me. 33: 5. 
 
 3. construed with b, <o comparefik- 
 cn. Is.40: 18 V>^r)n;sir] nn73^-ntttK;/iai 
 likeness will ye compare to him ? and 
 Ps. 89: 7. 40: 6 '^^'^Ir.i^. ^jny ')\N5 noth- 
 ing is to be compared with thee. Job 
 28: 17, 19, (in both passages the 
 suffix nS stands for the dative.) 
 
 4. as in Hiph. to value., esteem, re- 
 gard. Job 36: 19 '^>nu3 ^h?^:n will 
 he regard thy riches ? or as if pass, of 
 Hiph. will thy riches be regarded {by 
 him .^) 
 
 Hiph. to value, appraise. Lev. 27: 
 8 ff. 2 K. 23: 35. 
 'nn^ m. with suff. *3'12?., verbal from 
 
 ryn:^, dec. VI. j. 
 
 1. whatever is arranged or put in 
 order, a row ; spoken of the shew- 
 bread, Ex. 40: 23. Judg. 17: 10 
 C'^'7^^ ip-:. CL suit of clothing. 
 
 2. armour. Job 41: 4. [41: 12.] 
 
 3. valuation, estimation. Lev. 27: 
 2 nVilJD: nS"i:?2 so that thou hast 
 souls to value. 5: 15 'T|5"12?2 accord- 
 ing to thy valuation or estimation. Ps. 
 55: 14 "'2"}y3 'iii^N r.nN thou a man 
 whom I equal to myself. Hence 
 
 4. price of valuation, Lev. 27: 4, 
 7, 13, 15. worth generally. Job 28: 
 13. 
 
 ^"^U? i. to be uncircumcised. See b'^.^- 
 
 -r 
 
 2. denom. from inb'lJ', to regard 
 
 as uncircumcised, i. e. as unclean, to 
 reject. Lev. 19: 23. 
 
 Niph. to show one?s foreskin, pr(Z- 
 putiatum sisti, cerni. Hab. 2 : 16. 
 Here in reference to a drunken 
 man's shamefully exposing his na- 
 kedness. 
 
 ^*13? m. const. b^.3>. (Ezek. 44: 9.) 
 
 and b^y (Ex. 6: 12.) adj. dec. V. d. 
 uncircumcised. Gen. 17: 14. Ex. 12: 
 48. Often a name of reproach for 
 those who were not Israelites, e. g. 
 for a Philistine, 1 Sam. 17: 26, 36. 
 14: 6. 31 : 4. Metaphorically b"!!?^ 
 D'^riQtp of uncircumcised lips, not el- 
 oquent, (as it were tongue-tied,) Ex. 6: 
 12, 50. Lev. 26:41 b*:.S;ri Oni'^ 
 their uncircumcised heart. Comp. 
 Ezek. 44: 9. Jer. 6: 10 D:Ti< nbns? 
 their ear is uncircumcised, i. e. not 
 open. 
 r]V")3? f- plur. nib*!?., dec. XI. d. 
 
 1 . the prepuce, foreskin. 1 Sam. 18:25. 
 2 Sam. 3: 14. Slbn^'n ^^Z membrum 
 
 T : T IT - : 
 
 prceputintum, Gen. 17:11 24. Lev. 
 12: 3. Metaphorically n^-D^n:^ the 
 foreskin of the heart, impurity of 
 heart, Deut. 10: 16. Jer. 4: 4. 
 
 2. applied to the fruit of the three 
 first years, because they were re- 
 garded by the law as unclean. Lev. 
 19: 23. 
 
 I. D"l5^ ^0 ^^ cro/lfy, prudent. (Syr. 
 
 Ethpe. idem; 1.^;^*^^^, N^^"'-)3>^ craf- 
 ty, malicious.) In Kal only 1 Sam. 
 23: 22. 
 
 Hiph. 1. to be crafty, as in Kal. 1 
 Sam. 23: 22. 
 
 2. to be wise, prudent. Prov. 15: 5. 
 19: 25. 
 
 3. to make crafty. Ps. 83: 4 ^J2^^X' 
 niO they devise crafty counsels. 
 
 Deriv. Dins', any, n^^ny. 
 
 t' V ' T : T 
 
 II. tj")^ found only in Niph. to be 
 
 heaped up. Ex. 15: 8. (Syr. and 
 Arab, idem.) Deriv. lr!t:n2?. 
 
 Sn3? naked, see DTn:^. 
 
 D'li^ m. verbal from d^^, dec. VI. m. 
 
Dn:j? 
 
 515 
 
 -^rj 
 
 cunnings craftiness. Job 6: 13. 
 n5Q1^ f. verbal from 'D'l^f. 
 
 i. craft.) deceit. Ex. 21: 14. 
 2. wisdom.) prudence. Prov. 1: 4. 
 8: 5. 
 n'QIS? ^ (with Tseri impure,) plur. 
 
 n% once D% (Jer. 50: 26.) dec. X. 
 a heap ; e. g. of rubbish, Neh. 3: 
 34. [4: 2.] of grain, Cant. 7: 3. of 
 sheaves, Ruth 3: 7. Root D*iy no. 
 
 II. 
 
 p^l^^ ^- dec. I. <^e plane-tree.) the 
 
 oriental maple.) platanus orientalis., 
 Linn. Gen. 30: 37. Ezek.31: 8. See 
 Celsii Hierobot. T. I. p. 513. 
 
 -)i:?n5' Judg. 11: 26. see n^^il" no. 
 
 2. 
 ^^"^5? adj. liter, naked; hence ^oor, 
 
 forsaken. Root '-\'n^ q. v. Ps. 102: 
 18. Jer. 17: 6. Comp. ^^.i"^?. no. 1. 
 
 ^^'y_^ and n?;-!?., see l^/ll?.. 
 
 I. &"]' i. q- ?)^"J to drop. Deut. 32: 
 2. 33': 28. 
 
 II. D*l5? denom. from Pj'^^. 
 
 1. <o 6rea/: the neck of an animal, 
 to decollate. Ex. 13: 13. 34: 20. 
 Deut. 21: 4, 6. Is. 66: 3. 
 
 2. metaphorically to throw down., 
 (an altar.) Hos. 10: 2. 
 
 fpi? m. dec. VI. m. prim, the neck- 
 
 Lev. 5: 8. The following phrases 
 are worthy of notice ; (l.) P]"> "jn^ 
 io <Mrn the back.) to turn away. 2 Chr. 
 29: 6. (2.) >N P)-li? -32 /o ^wrn the 
 back to a person. Jer. 2: 27. 32: 33. 
 (3.) ;:]-)> n:s Josh. 7: 12. and ?jDn 
 Pl^li? 7 : 8. to flee.) terga vertere. 
 Hence (4.) Ex. 23 : 27 -n5 ''nns 
 5)^.'3? ':]''';N Tj-n^N-bS / have made 
 all thine enemies turn their backs to 
 thee.) i. e. have put them all to flight. 
 Ps. 18: 41. (5.) Tl'^'J rr^ip stiff-neck- 
 ed.) see n^j^. 
 7^")^ m. a quadriliteral, thick mist., 
 
 darkness. Deut. 4:11. Ps. 18 : 10. 
 (Syr. idem.) 
 
 1. to fear., to be afraid. Deut. 1: 
 29. Construed with :s^ of the per- 
 son, Deut. 7: 21. 20 : 3. 31 : 6. also 
 with an accus. Job 31: 34. 
 
 2. trans, to terrify.) to make afraid. 
 Job 13: 25. Ps. 10: 18. Is. 2: 19, 21. 
 
 Note. The primary signification 
 appears to have been to quake.) as in 
 
 the Arab. L^^j-^- 
 
 Niph. part. Y^?.l fearful^ to be 
 feared or reverenced, parallel with 
 i<n^:. Ps. 89: 8. 
 
 Hiph. intrans. to tremble.) to be 
 afraid. Is. 8: 12. Construed with an 
 accus. 29: 23. 
 
 Deriv. y'"-ii'?:,ni:'-!5>:':, andprob. 
 
 II. Y1^ (Arab, with (jo ) to resist., 
 withstand. Is. 47: 12 "^^iin^n ^b^i if 
 so be thou mayest resist. According 
 to the old translators, to become 
 strong.) to gain strength. Comp. 
 
 pi!!? to flee. (In Syr. and Arab, idem.) 
 Job 30 : 3 n^2 D'^jy"l'3? they flee into 
 the wilderness. Part. plur. D'^p'iy 
 veins.) arteries.) nerves. (So in Tal- 
 
 5 jy 
 mud. and the Arab. <^-^ r^ ; comp. 
 
 Mp*!^ a band.) strap.) and T'-V) Job 
 30: 17 ]^^3'vp^ nV "'P'^*:> my nerves 
 rest not. The root piy signifies 
 also in Arab. and Syr. Pa. 
 to gnaw. Hence Vulg. in verse 3, 
 they gnaw the dry ground ; and in 
 verse 17, my gnawers.) i. e. pains, rest 
 not. 
 
 ^^P*^? a gentile noun, an Arkite.) an in- 
 habitant of the city Arce., (in Greek 
 "Agi^ri.) also Ccesarea Libani.,) in 
 Syria, some miles north of Tripolis. 
 Magnificent ruins of this place are 
 said to be remaining to this day. 
 Gen. 10: 17. 
 
 ^'^P i. q. nyJ. I. to be naked. In Kal 
 
 found only in the imper. n"^'^ make 
 thyself bare. Is. 32: 11. 
 

 516 
 
 Ti^v 
 
 2. to he solitary., forsaken. Deriy. 
 *^2;"]y, "i^.i^y, ''Tl"-: 
 
 Pilp.^y ^^- and Hithpalp.'^S'^^^rin 
 Jer. 51: 58. to he made bare., to be de- 
 stroyed to the foundation. Com p. 
 Hyj Ps. 137:7. Hab. 3:13. 
 
 *il'*]y' f. (Cant 1 : 16.) plur. riri:-)5?^, 
 
 dec. VI. a. a bed., couch. Deut. 3: 11. 
 Ps. G: 7. (Syr. and Chald. idem.) 
 y'CV m. with suff. D2ip2J., plur. const. 
 niiizii^ ( with Dag-esh forte euphonic) 
 (Prov. 27: 25.) dec. VI. g. and j. an 
 herb., and collect, herbs., particuhvrly 
 lor fodder, or for the table. Gen. 1: 
 11, 12. 2:5. 3:18. Ex. 10:12, 15. 
 
 (Arab. c^mXC idem.) 
 
 ^1'^ , emph. ^zp:^^ , Chald. idem. 
 
 Dan. 2:30. 4: 21, 22, 29. [4:24,25, 
 32.] 
 
 I. n"^)^? ^ut. 'rr^t.l'> apoc. tJ^V 
 
 1. to make., do., act. Gen. 1:7. 6: 
 22. Prov. 13: 16. Sometimes redun- 
 dant, as Gen. 31 : 26. (l.) The thing 
 into which any thing is made or con- 
 verted is preceded by b. Gen. 12: 2. 
 Ex. 32: 10. or the verb has two ac- 
 cus. (see "n: no. 3. and D^'iU,) Am. 
 4:13. Ex. 30: 24 l^iy:^ TTN n-^tJ^") 
 Ji'lp nri'4^?^ thou shah make it into 
 a holy ointment. Hos. 2: 10. 8:4. 
 Hence we may say, that the mate- 
 rial of which a thing is made is put 
 in the accus. (comp. ri32, "Hli^, and 
 Gesen. Lehrgeb. 219. 2.) Ex. 38 : 
 3 n'vpn: nt::^ r'^^-bs all the vessels 
 thereof he made of brass. 25: 39. 36: 
 14. 37: 24. 30: 25. More rarely as 
 in Ex. 27: 3 rr^pn: 1-r^^\r\ i^^D-'t'Db 
 for all the vessels thereof thou shalt 
 take brass. Verse 19. (2.) construed 
 with b of the person, to do to any 
 one ; sometimes in a good sense, e.g. 
 Ex. 13: 8. Deut. 11:5. sometimes 
 in a bad sense, e. g. Ex. 14: 1 1. Gen. 
 27 : 55. Also to do an injury.^ to in- 
 jure, Gen. 22: 12. 19: 8. More rare- 
 ly with an accus. Jer. 33: 9. Is. 42: 
 16. comp. Ezek. 23: 25. Also to have 
 business., 1 K. 20 : 40. and construed 
 
 with CSi', to have business with a pei*H 
 son, Ruth 2: 19. n^nb^ Ti'^^J^ to 
 carry on war.. Gen. 14 : 2. fi'^^ 
 Ip.n to exercise love or kindness, 
 construed with CS? and ni< towards a 
 person. Gen. 24: 12. 40: 14. 
 
 2. to labour in any thing, to he 
 busied therein,^ construed with z . 
 Ex. 5: 9. Neh. 4:15. In a some- 
 what different sense, Ex. 31 : 4 
 F]v!35^ ^^I? fT'^^b to labour in 
 gold and silver. Verse 5. 2 Chr. 2:13. 
 
 3. to execute or accomplish any 
 thing, spoken particularly of Jeho- 
 vah. Ps. 37: 5. 22: 32. 52: 11. Dan. 
 8: 24 J".il3:^'l n'^bi^riT he shall prosper 
 and shall execute it. Dan. 11: 7, 17, 
 28, 30, 32. 
 
 4. to prepare., to get ready ; e. g. 
 to dress food, Gen. 18:7, 8. Judg.l3: 
 15. to trim the beard, (comp. the 
 French phrase yaire la barbe.,) 2 Sam. 
 19: 25. to pare the nails, Deut. 21 : 
 12. 
 
 5. to make., acquire., e. g. riches, 
 Gen. 31: 1. Deut. 8 : 17, 18. slaves, 
 Gen. 12: 5. 
 
 6. to pass or spend time. Ecc. 6: 
 12. comp. in Greek noitlv yjjovoi^., 
 Acts 15: 33. 
 
 7. to keep one''s self to abide., as in 
 Lat. asere. Ruth 2:19 n^'::^' ri:N 
 where hast thou abode ? Job 23 : 9. 
 ^iD nit;^' to prosper., eu nQaxreLv.^ 
 Ecc. 3: 12. 
 
 8. to produce., e. g. to hear fruit, 
 Gen. 1: 11, 12. Is. 5: 2, 10. to put 
 
 forth branches. Job 14: 9. Ezek. 17: 
 8. to yield meal, (spoken of the 
 stock,) Hos. 8: 1. to pitt fat on the 
 loins. Job 15:27. to give milk, Is.7:22. 
 
 9. to offer, present, as in Greek 
 Q^^eiv, I'^dtiv, construed with \. Ex. 
 
 10: 25. 29: 36, 38, 39, 41. 1 K.i8:23. 
 
 10. to appoint, (to an office.) 1 
 K. 12: 31. 1 Sam, 12: 6. Comp. Jer. 
 37: 15. 
 
 11. ^0 celebrate or keep, (the sab- 
 bath, the passover.) Ex.l2:48. Num. 
 9:10, 14. 
 
 Niph. rrtj:^'.:, fern. ^Tn'>p:s^.:, to be 
 made. Lev.\: 24. Ps. 107:'37. Ere- 
 
niirj? 517 "^'ci'^ 
 
 quently to be done, Num.l5:34. Gen. yQ^j f. and i^y:::'J m. Chald. ien 
 20: 9. Comp. 29: 26. 34: 7. "s - " 
 
 Pu. to be made. Ps. 139: 15. -Da"; ^- ^i -^^ ^4. 
 
 Deriv. niri'):. ^^'^*''- T^^^.- ^^'^^^^y- Dan. 6: 2. 
 
 II. m'G;:? in KalEzek. 23. 21. and in '1^^ ^ut. ^^^^;, denom. from "nip:^:, 
 Piel, verses 3, 8. to press, squeeze, to impose tithes, to take the tenth part 
 (the breast.") (Chald. ^O" idem.) ff ^^J tbing, construed with an ac- 
 
 . , . . / ^ *" cus. 1 Sam. 8: 15, 17. 
 
 r^'J^ (accordmg to Gen. 25 : 2o, cov p| ^^ ^^^ ^-^j^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^ ^^^^^^ 
 
 ered with hair, comp. the Arab. VaC i"'^^- Gen. 28 : 22. Neh. 10 : 38. 
 
 to be hairy,) Esau, the son of Isaac ^^".^\^'^: ^^- . 
 
 and elder brother of Jacob. His pos- .^ ^Yaa' ?n \i\^''VS''' ^'^^''' 
 
 terity, the Idumeans, are for the most ^^"t. 26: 12._^ Neh. 10: 39. 
 
 part called Dii?5. q. v. but sometimes, -Uenv. "n^v^^. 
 
 especially in poetry, Ti::/.. Deut. 2:4 rTH'*!]!!? see '^'123'. 
 
 ff. Obad. 6, 18. Jer. 49: 8, 10. ^51 '-:nV^4 ;po "^'-v? 
 
 V^^: Obad. 8, 9, 19. ;1^?: '^^ ^^^-f.- 
 
 -irii:3? m. 1. ten, i. q. "lip:;^. and y^^. "j^")"^^ n^- P^"!'- t'^?''^'^?, clec. III. e. 
 Once Gen. 24: 55. th. tenth part, a measure of pfrain or 
 
 2. the tenth) inthe phrase ^liL'i'^ Ao^r. Lev. 14: 10. 23: 13, 17. Ac- 
 
 .:^:,L ^7 ^ w r ^7 w !?"' cording to the Sept. Num. 15:4, 
 
 ',i:Trir on. the tenth of the month, Lx. .? . ^7 ^ /. ^ , , 1 T' 
 
 12^^ 3~ Lev 16-29 tenth part of an c/>//.a/i,eqmvalent, 
 
 3. '^im !:n: Ps. 33 : 2. 144 : 9. , therefore, to an omer. 
 
 and ^itjy Ps. "92: 4. a harp of ten ^' '^l ^- ^"^^^- ^^^ 4: 19. 13: 28. 
 
 ^^r"""^'* 27: 18. Root -^^ Arab. J?c ^0 
 
 ^I^O:? m. the tenth. Fem. tT^^-^iUS^ and , , v 
 
 ": T . . -; gnata? \^wooi.) 
 
 r"^''!-." 1'"^'! fr^' ^''' ^^' ^^' If- 'd:?^/ieco.^eto.Wo/^/ie^.6ar,Mr- 
 
 *a major. Job 9: 9. comp. Niebuhr's 
 
 Lev. 5:11. Is. 6: 13. 
 
 P'J::? found only in Hithpa. to strive, Beschreib. von Arabien, p. 114. 'd-^" 
 
 contend. Gen. 26 : 20. (In Chald. f- Job 38: 32. prob. idem. Her sons 
 
 and Talmud, idem.) i^l-^) ^^^ ^he 3 stars in the tail of 
 
 M^;.... r- 1 ta-i->:* ---'.w* ^ .^ the bear. So in Arab. Comp. Bo- 
 
 Plur. ni -I "!:?. m. tens, Ex. 18:21. Supplem. p. 1907. Lach in Eich- 
 
 Dpnt 1- 15 " horn's allgem. Bibliothek der bibl. 
 
 . Litteratur, Th. VII. p. 397. The 
 
 yQ:;^ m. and Tl'l^'J^ f- ^dem, but used etymology is obscure. 
 
 only in composition with the units to pV^J^ m. verbal from p*'^^, an oppres. 
 
 express the numbers from 11 to 19, oor"^ Jer 2*^- 3 i a ^"'"J 21- 12 
 
 (like <iecm for c^ecew.and ^ee?i for ife/i.) . \: , ^ 4- | f 
 
 Hence in the masc. -i^p- ^n.N e/ercn, ^^?^"^-^. "^^^'c. plur. verbal from 
 
 nT^:s; ^^'^l^':? fourteen, also f/ie ele~c- ^/^V, oppressions, violent acts. Ecc. 4: 
 
 enth, the fourteenth. In the fem. 1. Am. 3: 9. 
 
 SlT^y nnwN eleven, H-^^^, -^i-ii *ia;- ^y^;.. ^^^^ .^^^j y-^^^^^^ /^j^^^,^^ 
 
 iee/i ; also the eleventh, etc. r>. ^ t^ 1 i n d i^ 
 
 Plur. a-n'^:^- com. gen. ^^^^^ ^zek. 27: 19. Root n^'J. 
 
 1. twenty,' joined with the sing. '^^P"'i '^' ^^^^^^ ^^^"^ "^H^ dec. III. 
 and plur. Gen. 31: 38. Lev. 27: 5. a. rich. Prov. 10: 15. 14: 20. 18: 11. 
 
 2. the tp^entieth. Num. 10: 11. In Is. 53: 9, the parallel clause has 
 

 i7l8 
 
 ryw 
 
 b"^?"^^. the. wicked^ from the natural 
 association of poverty witli humility^ 
 and riches with pride ; which occurs 
 so frequently in the Hehrew writers. 
 Comp. Job 27: 19, with verse 13. 
 
 V^"^ , fut. yry:, to smoke. Ex. 19: 18. 
 Used metaphorically of the divine 
 anger, Deut. 29: 19. Ps. 74: 1. 
 80: 5. 
 
 Vjj;? m. verbal adj. from "j^y, dec. V- 
 h^ smoking. Ex. 20: 18. Is. 7: 4. 
 
 VQ^ m. const. ]"r2; (as if from "j^?,) 
 Verbal from l"^^, dec. IV. h. 5moA;e, 
 vapdur. Gen. 15: 17. Job 41 : 12. 
 [41: 20.] Ps. 18: 9 i2^t3 ^U5^ rtb^ 
 o 5mofce went up out of his nostrils.^ 
 an image of divine anger. Is. 65: 5. 
 
 P1235? ? fut. p'ry\ 1. <o F^* or cj:iori 
 from any one. p'4;i' p*i:2r to practise 
 extortion or oppression^ Ezek. 18:18. 
 
 2. <o c/ieai or defraud a person, 
 construed with an accus. of the per- 
 son and thing. Mai. 3 : 5 12'^ ^Tf ^ 
 ^"DlU ty/io defraud the labourer of his 
 reward. Lev. 19: 13. Deut. 24: 14. 
 Mic. 2: 2 in'^^'l nn^. sip'^r ^/toy (/e- 
 
 ymwd a man and {take away) his 
 house. 
 
 3. to oppress in any way, to exer- 
 cise violence or injustice ; e.g. on the 
 poor or helpless, Prov. 14: 31. Ecc. 
 4: 1 . on a people, spoken of a con- 
 queror, Is. 52: 4. Jer. 50: 33. on a 
 man, spoken of God, Job 10: 3. 
 
 4. Prov. 28: 17 D"iz pri;:^ D^w^ 
 
 ^rp.R a man oppressed with or guilty 
 of bloodshed. 
 
 5. spoken of a river, to be proiid^ 
 arrogant., to overjiow its hanks. Job 
 40: 23. 
 
 Pu. Jli^**^^?^ oppressed. Is, 23: 12. 
 
 'p'CiP m. verbal from "p^'^^. 
 
 1 . oppression., extortion. Ecc. 5: 7. 
 Ezek. 22: 7, 12. 
 
 2. whatever is obtained by oppres- 
 sion or extortion., Lev. 5: 23. [6: 4.] 
 Ps. 62: 11. unrighteous gain of any 
 kind, Ecc. 7: 7. 
 
 t"ipp3? f verbal from p'lJy, oppression., 
 straitness. Is. 38: 14 ^l^-^li^'f >; / am 
 
 straitened. (The Metheg here does 
 not prove that we are to read dsheka, 
 with Kamets long, any more than in 
 
 Dri"'n3, "D^Qui.) 
 
 ^1^^ , fut. 1"^3/;^., to be or become rich. 
 
 Job 15: 29. Hos. 12: 9. (AVam. "inS? 
 idem.) 
 
 Hiph. 1. to enrich.^ to make rich. 
 Gen. 14; 23. Ps. 65: 10 rtH-^^i^ ^^"^ 
 thou cnrichest it {the earth) abun- 
 dantly. 
 
 2. intrans. to become rich. Ps. 49: 
 17. Prov. 10: 4. Construed with an 
 accus. of the thing, Dan. 11:2. 
 
 Hithpa. to represent oneh self as 
 rich. Prov. 13: 7. 
 y^^ m. verbal from "T^jy, dec. VI. m. 
 
 riches. 1 Sam. 17: 25. 
 ^J33? to be consumed., to waste away ; 
 
 spoken of the eye, Ps. 6: 8. of the 
 spirit and bones, 31: 10, 11. (Comp. 
 
 fl"Jj3? 1. to labour^ fabricari. See the 
 deriv. nvi::^^, n^y. 
 
 2. to be made smooth or polished., to 
 he bright, to shine. Metaphorically 
 Jer. 5: 28. 
 
 Hithpa. to think or be mindful of 
 any one, construed with b. Jon. 1 : 
 6. See the Chald. Deriv. pn'iJ? 
 
 T\'d^f n''I!!)?J Chald. <o think., purpose, 
 like theLat.mac/iwan. Dan.6:4. This 
 signification is derived from that of 
 n'ijs? no. 1. comp. e. g. n"4:n to think, 
 jmrpose, with i'2Jn an artificer. 
 
 iY^V m. verbal from D'^by, artificial 
 work. Cant. 5: 14. 
 
 rT^iD^? f- verbal from r\'25^_^, a thought. 
 Job 12: 5 ISN'iJ nw^y^ in the 
 thought of him that is at ease, i. q. 
 V?.2- Some read nin'lJy in the 
 plural. 
 
 ^TiXli"^ m. found only in combination 
 with the numeral ten, as ^iD^ "n'i^? 
 m. and STl^y ""ntpy f eleven, the 
 eleventh. Deut. 1 :* 3. Jer. 39 : 2. 
 Ezek. 26: 1. According to Simonis, 
 
ir\^ 
 
 519 
 
 "ro 
 
 liter, cogitationes ultra decern^ i. e. ten 
 
 (counted on the fingers,) and one (in 
 
 thought.) 
 rilDriiZilp fem. plur. verbal from n'>^y, 
 
 thoughts^ purposes. Ps. 146: 4. 
 ri")riIDi5? f- 'AGTUQTr), Astarte^ a Phe- 
 
 nician goddess, whose worship was 
 introduced also among the Israelites 
 (1 K. 11 : 5, 33. 2 K. 23 : 13.) and 
 the Philistines (l Sam. 31: 10.) Prob- 
 ably synonymous with n"lUJ^. q. v. 
 The Greeks compare her,after their 
 manner, sometimes with Juno., some- 
 times with Diana., but most frequent- 
 ly with Venus; to which last her 
 lascivious worship appears to corres- 
 pond, (Lev. 19:29. Deut. 23 : 18. 
 2 K. 23: 7.) She is usually joined 
 with ^yz, thus denoting the male 
 and female powers of nature. (Is 
 not this perhaps connected with the 
 appellative DTI nip?; proles., or agni., 
 as the Roman goddess Ops with ovis., 
 0(9 ?) Comp. Creuzer's Symbolik, 
 Th. 2. p. 55, 60. De Wette's hebr. 
 jiid. Archaologie, p. 281. 
 
 Plur. ni'inui^n Judg. 2: 13. 10: 6. 
 1 Sam. 7 : 3,^4. 12 : 10. 31 : 10. a 
 kind of pluralis excellentiae, and sy- 
 nonymous in signification with the 
 singular, comp. 1 Sam. 31 : 10. or 
 like ni^n^N, spoken of the statues or 
 images of Astarte. 
 I. niini235? plur. fem. "Ji^SS ni'^ri'^^ 
 
 the increase of thejiocks^ Deut. 7: 13. 
 28: 4, 18, 51. Sept. ra noif.ivia rajv 
 TtQO^axoiv. \\x\^. greges oviurn. The 
 etymology is unknown. 
 Il.nlin'd^? Deut. 1: 4. Josh. 13: 12- 
 also D'^r'lj^ ninri'ii:? Gen. 14: 5. a 
 city of O^^ king of Bashan. The 
 latter word D";5ni^ some refer to 
 two summits between which the city 
 was situated, others to the image of 
 Astarte which is said to have had 
 the head of a bull. The gentile noun 
 is ^^-Jn4;^ l Chr. 11: 44. 
 
 Ti^P com. gen. (Cant. 2: 12. Jer. 51 : 
 33.) before Makkeph -ni;, with suff. 
 ^ny, plur. Cns? and n^ri?, prim. 
 
 dec. VIII. b. time. As an adv. a long 
 time., Hos. 13:13. ns^ i<b before the 
 time, Job 22: 16. Est. 1 : 13 ^S^ni-" 
 DWand 1 Chr. 12: 32 ?li-^3 ""^.ni"* 
 D'^nS'b those who know the times, i. e. 
 astrologers. ti^n n^s, see ""ti adj. 
 no. 4. Particularly (l.) a time of 
 prosperity. Ps. 81 : 16. (2.) a time 
 of adversity. Is. 13: 22. 27: 7. Comp. 
 CT"^ no. 1. parag. 2. 
 
 Plur. W'n'J and n^n2? (l.) destinies. 
 Ps. 31: 16. 'I'Chr. 29: 30. Job 24: 1. 
 (2.) times., Lat. vices. Neb. 9 : 2a 
 m'a*} ^TiS? many times. 
 Deriv. nm*, Ti^. 
 
 r\'^ Chald. With a preposition n^3 Ez- 
 ra 4 : 17. and with epenthetic 3, as a 
 solution of the Dagesh forte omitted, 
 nsys and so on. Ezra 4: 10, 11. 7 : 
 
 ^** 
 12. Root prob. ^^ to repeat often 
 and to weariness ; hence literally se- 
 cundum id quod soepius dictum est. 
 
 '7n^ in Arab, to be ready., prepared. 
 
 In Kal not used. 
 
 Pi. to prepare., make ready. Pro v. 
 24: 27. 
 
 Hithpa. to be prepared, ready, des- 
 tined. Job 15: 28. 
 
 Deriv. TTi^. 
 nri5? adv. (from n3? time,) liter, at th& 
 
 time. Hence 
 
 1. now, at this moment. nnijTl 
 from this moment. Mn^'^'l? until now. 
 
 2. soon, shortly, presently, liter, af- 
 ter some time. Job 7: 21. 8: 6. etc. Is. 
 43: 19. Mic. 7: 10. In the Kethib it 
 is sometimes written without n, (n> ,) 
 Ps. 74:6. Ezek. 23: 43. 
 
 "l^n^ m. dec. I. a he-goat. Gen. 31: 
 10, 12. As the leader of the herd, 
 Is. 1: 11. Jer. 51: 40. Metaphorical- 
 ly a leader of the people, a prince. Is. 
 14: 9. Zech. 10: 2. 
 
 "I'ln^? i.q. 'i^n:?. Is. 10: 13 Keri. Est. 
 8: h Keth. 
 
 ^PiZ' adj. (from n:?. time^ present, or fit, 
 opportunus. Lev. 16:21. 
 
pn^ 520 -^n:? 
 
 TTl/^ m. verbal adj. from "in:^, dec. 'piVJm. ni^^. bold, wicked. pr^J -12T 
 
 III- a. to speak wickedly, Ps, 31: 19. 75 : 6. 
 
 1 . ready, (in Syr. and Arab, idem.) 5 c 
 Est. 3: 14. 8: 13 Keri. Job 15: 24. 94: 4. 1 Sam. 2: 3. (In Arab vJiXc 
 
 2. ^H/fM/. Job 3: 8. . ' ^ 
 Plur. riTns; (l.) whatever is im- ^^ ^ ^^^^ sense, openness, frankness., 
 
 pending, things destined. Deut. 32: freedom.) 
 
 35. {2.) goods, riches, substance, what pi^'j; m. adj. beautiful, shinin<r. See 
 
 one has acquired for himself, Tcc Vjiap- -r, " * 
 
 ;ifOi/ra. Is. 10: 13 Keth. P'^^.- P^ov. 8: 18 pm* -pn shining 
 
 'l^ri^J Chald. nac/y. Dan. 3: 15. *'*'^'''^- ^"^^- ^i'^^ superbce. 
 
 .^-,^; .-7 ,V7 ;. . r I' ^r\y,fnt^r\-Jl, to pray, supplicate, 
 
 P^n^ rn- adj. beaiciifid, shining. Is. "^ /-^ n ' 
 
 ' -^ .._ e7^^rea^, (God,) construed with b and 
 
 23. 18. (Arab. L^aC ^o 6c beautiful, v^. Gen. 25: 21. Ex. 8: 26. [8: 30.] 
 
 io shme.) See pn>-. j^. jg j^^ 33. ^g 
 
 r . - ''* * Niph. io 6e entreated by any one, 
 
 1. '^emiec?. Is. 28:9. (See pn^ <o Aear him, construed with a dative. 
 
 '^o- 1-), , ^, ,^ Gen. 25: 21 Sl^rT" ib nni'-T a/i(^ Je- 
 
 no. 
 
 2.) 
 
 o/c/. lChr.4:22. (See pn:^^ Aora/^ Wrf Mm. "'2 Sam.Ih 14. Is. 
 
 19: 22. The inlin. ^in^"3 1 Chr. 5: 
 
 p^-^,? Chald. old. Dan. 7: 9, 13, 32. ^0, is used for the finite verb. 
 
 Cn^ found only in Niph. Is. 9 : 18 Hiph. i. q. Kal. Ex. 8: 25. [8: 29.] 
 y^nN DD^l usually rendered the 10: 17. Construed with ^ and 1^2 ^o 
 land is darkened, from collating the pray for any one, Ex. 8: 5, 24. [8: 
 Arab. -Xc to be dark. But the Sept. ^i 28.] 
 
 Chald. more in accordance with the ^^' '^^^^ ^^ ^^ Chaldaic, to be rich, 
 
 parallel member, terra combusta est. kindred with T,l33>. In Kal not used. 
 
 pp^, fut. pl^^'!! . 1. to be removed, or Niph. idem. Prov. 27 : 6 abundant 
 
 Z^ r 1 ^ ^ Till cifc the kisses of an enemy, 
 
 transferred irom a place. Job 14: ^ ^ 
 
 18. 18:4. Seep^n^^no. 1. Hiph. Ezek. 35: 13 Dn^n^^ln'; 
 
 2. wtate provehi, to grow old. Ps. D^"^"!^" ^b^ ye have multiplied 
 
 6: 8. Job 21: 7. Deriv. p^P'J no. 2. {prmid) speeches against me. 
 
 Hiph. 1. causat. of Kal no 1 to ^ ^^,j ^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^ j 
 
 remove, dimovere, transjerre. J 00 9:5. t -r "^ 
 
 2. particularly to remove one's dec. IV. c. a suppliant. Zeph. 3: 10. 
 tent to break up, spoken of a no- jj^ ^-^^ ^^^^ g.^1 ^^ j j^^^^ 
 made. Gen. 12: 8. 26: 22. t -r^ 
 
 3. to transcribe, copy, compile. -^t^:? f. A (see the letter t2,) 5cen<, 
 Prov. 25 : 1. Sept. iuygdipai^To. "-'' '* ^ v 
 Vulg-. transtuleru7it. (In Talmud, to vapour. Hence nnbprr y.:?^ nnS; 
 transcribe, translate.) the scent of the cloud of incense. So the 
 
 4. to take away. Job 32:1 5 ^p\^:^:r{ Sept. Vulg. Chald. Syr. Others : the 
 
 m^<u.^ i..i-h* -,7 J 1 , jy li' ' multitude of the clouds etc. Comp. 
 
 Li^t72 ti^l2 they took away from them _ ./ ^ 
 
 ''-,.'"' ,, . ^ri:' no. II. 
 
 *eec/, 1. e. they could say nothinuf. __^~J, r- u 1 r .*,*, tt 
 
 Note. Other rig-nificaiions of this ^W: ^- ''"'^'-'^ ^""^ ^"'- "" "' 
 
 root, see in the derivatives pti", riches, abundance. Jer. 33: 6. 
 
T\^t) 
 
 521 
 
 1^^> 
 
 Pe, the 17th letter of the alpha- 
 bet, and as a numerical sign denoting 
 80. The name ^?S is prob. i. q. n? 
 a mouthy hence in Greek tt? (*^D.) 
 
 In Hebrew this letter was some- 
 times pronounced like p; and not al- 
 ways like ph^ as in Arabic. Though 
 Jerome and others deny this, yet it 
 is rendered certain by some Shemit- 
 ish words, which passed at an early 
 date into the Greek language, and 
 are written with tt; as u:;tVD 7rAAft|, 
 InSUJ^^ I'aGncg, DS*^5 xuQnaGos^ 
 comp. D"! mQacci'^ etc. 
 
 The commutation of C with oth- 
 er letters is comparatively rare. For 
 its interchange with i and , see the 
 examples given under 13 . 
 
 KS i. q. ns here. Job 38: 11. 
 
 Tm'B found only in the fut. Hiph. 
 Deut. 32: 26 a-\^&fi^. Sept. dt^aans- 
 
 (30* avTOvg. (Arab, i v-^ Jidit, dijffi- 
 dit.) According to others, a denom. 
 from ?iNS a corner^ hence to drive 
 into corners. 
 fi^^ f- const. Dm, dec. XI. b. 
 
 T 
 
 1. a corner; e. g. of a field, Lev. 
 19: 9. ofabed, Am.3:12. 
 
 2. "jj^T^t riNS the corner or extrem- 
 ity of the beard, i.e. prob. mustaches, 
 (like the Syr. Izja .) Lev. 19: 27. 
 
 ^ 21:5.-niB 'ir^itp-bS 'all whose mus' 
 taches are cut or shorn, a name of re- 
 
 Jer. 48 : 45 Si^lQ n^lE the side or 
 country of Moah. Dual const, "^n^.? 
 njjix: the sides of Moah. The dual 
 number here has reference to the 
 two sides of the country, comp. 
 
 1i<S in Kal not used. 
 
 Pi. ^NtD I. to adorn, beautify, 
 glorify ; e. g. the sanctuary, Is. 60: 
 7, 13. the people of God, Is. 55: 
 5. the poor by helping them, 
 Ps. 149: 4. (comp. the Latin phrase 
 ornare benejiciis.) 
 
 2. denom. from {1*1 ^fs, to search 
 the branches, to glean. Deut. 24: 20. 
 
 Hithpa. 1. to be adorned, beautifi' 
 ed, glorified ; spoken of Jehovah, 
 Is. 60: 21. 61: 3. particularly of his 
 glorifying himself in the people, con- 
 strued with 2, Is. 44: 23. 49: 3. 
 Ex. 8: 5 [8 : 9]' ^\v "M^^nT] usually 
 rendered be thou glorified above me, 
 i. e. thou shalt have honour before 
 me. The ancient translators, more 
 agreeably to the context, command 
 or appoint to me, ("^MSS = IN!!.) 
 
 2. to boast one'^s self, to glory ; con- 
 strued with bs? against any one. 
 Judg. 7:2. Is. 10: 15. 
 
 Deriv. out of course rT^fi^cn. 
 Ifij^S ni. verbal from ^ijs, dec. VI. U 
 
 a head-dress, turban. Ezek. 24 : 17, 
 23. 26: 10. worn by the priests, Ex. 
 39: 28. by the bridegroom. Is. 61:10. 
 Ezek. 24: 17. by women. Is. 3: 20. 
 
 proach for some Arabian tribes, Jer. iH^l^S f. (for Jrn^D by a Syriasm,)E- 
 : 25. 25: 23. 49: 32. (The Jewish ' 
 
 commentators understand the heard 
 on the cheeks and upper lip.) 
 , 3. a side, region, country ; e. g. 
 6;-ni<D the west side. Josh. 18: 14. 
 '^iti:i nijs the north side, Ex. 26: 20. 
 
 66 
 
 zek. 17 : 6. 31: 5 ff. and n^.NS f. 
 (for n^NS by a Syriasm,) Is. 10:33. 
 verbals from nN2, dec. X. a branch 
 or bough with leaves, liter, the orna- 
 ment of the trees, like the La.t. doina 
 
75D 
 
 522 
 
 ni) 
 
 arhorum. Deriv. ^N3 no. 2. Plur. 
 ITn^'-is for T^nhtiD, Ezek. 31: 8. 
 
 ^I^'IINS m. (for 'in-iwNS,) verbal from 
 *nNC, beauty, shining countenance, 
 (i. q. 1"T.) Joel 2: 6 ^22^ d"'3S-V3 
 ^.si^NS all faces gather in,h e. lose, 
 their brightness. Nah. 2:11. (Comp. 
 Joel 2: 10. 4:15.) For a different 
 explanation, see Gesen. on Is. 13:8. 
 
 ini^S) proper name of a desert be- 
 
 J T T 
 
 tween Midian and Egypt, which bears 
 this name at the present day. Gen. 
 21: 21. Num. 10: 12. 1 K. 11 : 18. 
 Hence 'jnND-irs Hab. 3 : 3. and 
 ]-ji<D "^ntl Deut. 33 : 2. the moun- 
 tains of Paran. 'J'li^D b'^i^t the tur- 
 pentine-tree of Paran, Gen. 14: 6. 
 
 j'B 9 phir. D''.\?, dec. VIII. h. small un- 
 ripe Jigs, growing over winter, gros- 
 si, grossidi. Cant. 2:13. Sept. okvv- 
 
 ] -dot. Root. :i:iD in Arab. conj. VII. to 
 be unripe. 
 
 7'^*\S m.adj.dec.X. impure, abominable, 
 
 an abomination, spoken of food, i. q. 
 yp.l^. Lev. 7:18. 19:7. Used as a 
 subst. !:5153 ^UJ2 unclean flesh, Ezek. 
 4:14. ' " ' 
 5?^S 1' to meet, meet with, light upon ; 
 
 construed with an accus. Ex. 23: 4. 
 1 Sam. 10 : 5. with 2 , Gen. 28: 11. 
 32: 2. 
 
 2. to fall on any one, construed 
 with 2. 1 Sam. 22: 17, 18. particu- 
 larly for to injure, Ruth 2: 22. or to 
 kill, hence to kill, slay, Judg. 8 : 
 21. 15: 12. 2 Sam. 1:15. Also with 
 an accus. of the person and 2 of the 
 thing, Ex. 5:3 ^^"7.5 ^^^-i??!' l l^^t 
 he slay us with the pestilence. 
 
 3. to reach to, border on, be con- 
 tiguous, pertinere ad aliquid, spoken 
 of a territory ; construed with 2, 
 Josh. 16: 7. 17: 10. with '-N, 19: li. 
 
 4. to address with a supplication, 
 to urge, supplicate, entreat, construed 
 with 2 of the person. Ruth 1:16. 
 Jer. 7! 16. 27 : 18. With h, of the 
 person ybr whom, Gen. 23: 8. 
 
 5. as in Syriac, to visit, hence to 
 
 regard with favour, like "Iji. Is. 47: 
 3 d'lN S/'^eJ?. 5<'b') and I will spare no 
 man. 64: 4. 
 
 Hiph. 1. to cause to fall, to let fall. 
 Is. 53:6 S12V3 1is>-nJ< 12 T^pXi he 
 causes to fall 07i him the iniquity of 
 us all. According to this we should 
 render Jer. 15 : 11 / will in the time 
 of adversity let the enemy come upon 
 thee. But this does not accord with 
 the preceding clause. Hence per- 
 haps (comp. Ex. 5: 3.) / will through 
 thee meet the enemy in an hour of ad- 
 versity, i. e. 1 will announce to him 
 through thee adversity. 
 
 2. i. q. Kal no. 2. to fall on, to 
 seize, attack. Part. ^"'.nD?3 an enemy, 
 Job 36: 32. ' * * " . 
 
 3. i.q. Kal no. 4. to supplicate, en- 
 treat, construed with 2. Jer. 36: 25. 
 Also with b of the person/or whom. 
 Is. 53: 12. 59: 16. 
 
 Deriv. 'JS^t72. 
 
 5?^^ m. verbal from ^'^s, an occur-- 
 
 rence, incident. 1 K. 5: 18. Ecc. 9: 
 11. See Hiph. no. 1. 
 "n^S to be weary, faint. Found only 
 in^Pi. 1 Sam. 30: 10, 21. (In Tal- 
 mud. to be idle. In Syr. i-^v-p hy a 
 commutation of i and C, attenuatus 
 est ; ]-fJlj^ weak, faint.) Hence 
 
 ^^SD ni- plur. const. "^7.^2, verbal from 
 'n^C, dec. VI. h. a corpse or carcase. 
 Gen. 15: 11. Metaphorically """llis 
 Dp.'^b^'lrS the ruins of your idols. Lev. 
 26: 29. Once with the addition n^. 
 dead. Is. 37: 36. 
 
 ^^S , fut. UJSS?^ L to meet a person, 
 
 construed with an accus. Gen. 32: 
 18. 33: 8. Ex. 4. 27. Is. 34: 14. 
 
 2. to fall on, attack, i. q. 5>:;e no. 
 2. Ex. 4: 24. Hos. 13: 8. 
 
 Niph. to meet together. Ps. 85: 11. 
 Prov. 22: 2. 
 
 Pi. to meet. Job 5: 14. 
 i"mB7 synonymous with b^?5. 
 
 T T "^ 
 
 1. to re?eem,ran507?i.Ex. 13: 13. Con- 
 strued with 2 of the price, e. g. Ex. 
 
is 
 
 523 
 
 nsD 
 
 ^4 : 20 ni^'i rrich ^iwn ^pS the 
 
 firstling of an ass thou shalt redeem 
 with a sheep. 
 
 2. to setfree^ let go, spoken of the 
 priest. Num. 18: 15, 16, 17. 
 
 3. to deliver from slavery. Deut. 
 7: 8. 13: 6. Jer. 15: 21. 31: 11. 
 
 4. to deliver in any way. Job 5: 
 20. 1 K. 1 : 29. 2 Sam. 4 : 9. Ps. 
 71: 23. 
 
 Niph, pass, of Kal no. 1. Lev. 19: 
 20. of Kal no. 3. Is. 1: 27. 
 
 Hiph. rrrsn causat. of Kal no. 1. 
 Ex. 21: 8. ' ' * 
 
 Hoph. only in the infin. pleon. 
 rr-nsn, Lev. 19: 20. 
 
 Deriv. D^^^^ns, nnnss, di**!-?, )''^'l^. 
 
 l]^']1'7S masc. plur. verbal from n*l2, 
 
 dec. I. ransom, price of deliverance. 
 Num. 3: 46 ff. Also as a part. pass. 
 the delivered, 
 
 n^^5 f. verbal from STlS, deliverance, 
 
 redemption. Ps. Ill: 9. 130: 7. Is. 
 
 50: 2. 
 
 Dl'^TS m. Num. 3: 49. and f-^^lD Ex. 
 21 : 30. Ps. 49 : 10. verbals from 
 !T1D, a ransom. 
 
 *\^^B m. dec. II. b. a plain, a field. 
 Found only in the phrase D"^N-]23 
 the plain of Syria, i. e. Mesopotamia. 
 Gen. 31: 18. 28: 2 ff. Once simply 
 'J'JS idem. In Hos. 12: 13, we find 
 instead of it d'n^t n'n'iJ. 
 
 3?^S according to the usual reading, 
 i. q. JT15 to deliver. Once Job 33: 
 24 ^tiy'15 deliver him. Some MSS. 
 however, read 'jnS^'iS, which gives 
 good sense and might easily be cor- 
 rupted. 
 
 ins m. with suff. S'TID, dec. VI. h. 
 fat, grease. Lev. 1: 8, 12. 8: 20. 
 
 nS m. (strictly for n^S, like n;;ip,) 
 
 const. "^2, with suff. ''S my mouth ; 
 ' *:;"^s ; I"", nn-^s ; ar7"'D,' poet. ''\^2^^ ; 
 prim. 
 
 1. the mouth. ^5 hi^, ns moiith to 
 mouth, orally. Num. 12: 8. nriN tlD 
 with one accord, Josh. 9: 2. Ex. 4: 
 
 ^ 16 and he shall be thy mouth, i. e. thy 
 spokesman. Gen. 25: 28 T2z to his 
 mouth, i. e. taste. Metaphorically 
 id V? according to the rsDord or ora- 
 cle, Num. 3: 16, 39, 51. by the testi- 
 mony, Deut. 17: 6. by the command. 
 Gen. 45: 21. 
 
 2. an aperture, opening ; e. g. of a 
 sack. Gen. 42: 27. of a well. Gen. 
 29: 2. '^^^T\ '2 the opening of the 
 head, i. e. the head (of a garment,) 
 Gen. 28: 32. 
 
 3. an edge. So in the phrase nSn 
 i'"in "^Db to smite with the edge of the 
 sword. Plur. D''3 edges (of cutting 
 instruments,) 1 Sam. 13: 21. ni^B 
 and ni'D idem, Judg. 3: 16. Prov. 
 5: 4. See ni"'C"'D. 
 
 4. an edge, border ; (perhaps liter. 
 lip^ e. g. spoken of the collar of a 
 coat, Ps. 133: 2. Job 30: 18. of the 
 shore of the sea, Prov. 8: 29. n^ 
 nt;: 2 K. 10 : 21. 21 : 16. and n^Q 
 flD ^N Ezra 9: 11. from one side to 
 the other. 
 
 6. a part. Deut. 21: 17 D^:ttJ 'D two 
 parts, a double portion. 2 K. 2: 9 ''D 
 D-^DUJ two {third) parts. Zech. 13: s! 
 See'n^ no. 7. 
 
 6. In combination it forms a peri- 
 phrasis for prepositions or conjunc- 
 tions ; as (l.) ">DD (a.) according to, in 
 proportion to, secundum. Lev. 25 : 52. 
 Num. 6: 21. (b.) like, as. Job 33: 6 
 bi<\ 'r;^e^ -^zjjt / am like thee before 
 God. (c.) 'so that. Zech. 2: 4. [l: 21.] 
 (d.) ^-m 'D3 because. Mai. 2: 9. 
 (2.) ^Sjb (a.) according to, secundum. 
 Ex. 12: '4. Gen. 47: 12 P)t2n 'Db ac- 
 cording to the number of the family. 
 (b.) simply i. q. b. Hos. 10: 12. Be- 
 fore an infin. when. Num. 9 : 17. 
 Jer. 29: 10. (3.) "^s b? according to, 
 secundum. Lev. 27 : 8, 18. Hence b^J 
 fi"*"]^"^?! "^D according to the thing it^ 
 self, as the truth is. 
 nS and 'iS adv. prim. See fi<2, HD''i$. 
 
 1 . here ; freq. 
 
 2. hither. 1 Sam. 16: 11. Ezra 
 4: 2. 
 
 3. iBJ2 hence. Ezek. 40: 21, 26. 
 34, 37. 
 
DIB 524 yiS 
 
 i'^lS \. to he cold, to lose one's animal explained by the Copt. H/SIT 
 
 J ^ ^ . . , 0PPO father, i. e. prime minister, 
 
 warmth. Gen. 45: 26 12:. ^JD^^T but of Pharaoh. Comp. ni{ no. 6. 
 
 his heart continued cold. ^ . tl'^S m. I. an ortiamentl decoration. I 
 
 2. <o rewzoT, to be weaned, to be in- f 
 
 active, an idea connected with that Chr. 29: 2 inysj^^l ^t)S '?i65 stone* 
 
 of coldness. Ps. 77 : 3. Metaphori- Jhr ornament and of various colours. 
 
 cally Hab. 1: 4 the law is inactive, Sept. liiyoi noXvTtlf:lg yMi nolxUot. 
 
 frigct lex. 2. particularly eye paint, stibium, 
 
 Niph. to be weak, feeble. Ps. 38: 9. (see the article bri'D.) 2";^?. ti^lU) 
 
 Sl^'^B f. verbal from 1*12, dec. X. rest, ^^S? to paint the eyes with stibium, 
 
 "i ,' T w. o iQ G ^Hh^-f 2 K.~9: 30. Comp. J er. 4: 30. Is. 
 relaxation. Lam. 2: 18. bee ni^sn. r^ ^^ r -n i n ^ - 4-u' 
 
 ' - 54: 11 / will lay thy stones in stibium, 
 
 n'lS i. q. HD: to blow. Cant. 2: 17 i. e. I will use it for lime orcement.- 
 
 'ci-n n^&v::^^? m^i/ <^e day 6to., '^ ^o^d occurs also in the proper 
 
 " " ' r ^ ^, . . name ^^sn-'I'ip (a oox of paint.) 
 i. e. arrows cool, from the sprm^mg t_. ^ ' - '^'^ ^ *1 ^ , 
 
 up of the evening breeze. 4:6 Comp ^1^ ^' ^^^- ^ Sam. 17: 28. Ezek. 
 
 ril-1. . 4:9. 
 
 Hiph. 1. to blow through or ifjoon. ^"^^ proper name 1. of a people re- 
 Cant. 4: 16. ^ote from Palestine. Is. 66 : 19. 
 
 2. to kindle (a fire,) construed with y^j^ ^/rico. According to Bochart 
 
 3. Ezek. 21:36. Metaphorically to (l^hii\eg,iv.26.) Philce or Elephantina, 
 
 put in commotion, construed with an ^^ jgjj^jj^ q tjj^ ]^^^e, in Upper 
 accus. Prov. 29 : 8 they put a city in Egypt. 
 
 commotion. 2 of an Assyrian king. 2 K. 15: 
 
 3j metaphorically to breathe out, jg 
 
 /ter, #; in a bad sense as ' ^_ Ch^,j 
 
 C^nTS n^sn c^are mendacia, rrov. " '-' *" ^ '' 
 
 6: 19. 14*: 5. 19: 5, 9. in a good i- q- Heb. Ws. 
 
 sense, Prov. 12: 17. 1- '^ow^^- I^^"' ^' ^; ^^ ^ 
 
 4. to snor^, hence to /i5ton. Hab. 2. an aperture, opening. Dan. 6: 
 
 2: 3. Comp. >lN-i3 Ecc. 1: 6. 18. 
 
 6. to ./ijf at angrily, to puff at, ^^S found only Ps. 88: 16 n:n2N Sept. 
 
 construed with 2 and b. Ps. 10: 5. th^noQrid^^^v. Vu\g. conturbatus sum. 
 
 12: Q i'^ n'^D'l '^V^. whom man snuffs Comp. perhaps the Arab, "j DM coti- 
 
 at, i. e. the oppressed. ^ilii inopsfuit, like :;'li$ and ^m^. 
 
 tJ-^lD proper name of an African peo- "jD^lS proper name of a city in Idumea, 
 
 pie, according to Josephus (Antiq. i. between Petra and Zoar, celebrated 
 
 7.) the inhabitants of Mauritania, for its mines. Num. 33: 42, 43. See 
 
 where there is a river called Phut. Relandi PalaBstina, p. 952. 
 
 Comp. Plin. H. N. v. 1. According y'lD found only in the fut. and imper. 
 
 to the Sept. and Vulg. Libyans. Gen. ^ -^ ^ y^^ q, y. 
 
 10: 6. Jer. 46: 9. Ezek. 27: 10. 38: ' {_ to^mite or dash in pieces. See 
 
 5. Nab. 3: 9. Pilel, Pilpel, Hithpa. 
 
 )S?1D '^uOiS an Egyptian proper name, 2. to sca^tor, but only in a reflex- 
 
 ~ ' . ; 1 ^i r lu -1 r.e ir. ive sense, to scatter one'^s self to go 
 Poti-pherah, he f^^her-in- aw of Jo- ^ ^^ ^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^. 
 
 seph. Gen 41: 45^ 46: ^a^blon- ^^^P ^^, ^^ ^^ ^ ' ^^^ 
 
 ski makes it i. q. Copt. TIIIOJM- ^^^ ^ ^ g^^ ^^, ^^ f^. J^ 
 it)PH sacerdos solis. ^ ^^ overflow. Zech. 1:17. Prov. 
 
 "l^'^Lj'lS an Egyptian proper name, ^, jg^ 
 
 Pot'iphnr. (be captain of Pharaoh's Niph. to be or become scattered ; 
 
 body-j^iiiinl. Gen. 39: 1. It has been spoken of a flock, Ezek. 34: 6. oi 
 
niD 
 
 525 
 
 tnis: 
 
 nations, Gen. 10: 18. Ezek. 11: 17. 
 
 Pile] y^S to break in pieces a 
 rock, spoken of the hammer. Jer. 
 23: 29. 
 
 Pilpel ^SitD to dash in pieces^ as 
 a man against'a rock. Job 16: 12. 
 
 Hiph. 1. trans, to scatter; e. g. 
 one's enemies, by lightning, arrows, 
 Ps. 18: 15. 144: 6. seed. Is. 28: 25. 
 nations, Dent. 4: 27. 28: 64. 30: 3. 
 Is. 24: 1. Part. 7^C73 a scatterer^ de- 
 vastator^ Nah. 2: 2. 
 
 2. to chase^ drive^ exagitare. Job 
 18: 11. Ezek. 34: 21. 
 
 3. intrans. to be scattered^ to rush 
 out ; spoken of the east wind. Job 
 38: 24. of the people, Ex. 5: 12. 1 
 Sam. 13: 8. 
 
 Hithpulal, to be broken in pieces^ 
 spoken of the mountains. Hab. 3: 6. 
 
 Note. The form &D''ni2iDri / 
 will scatter ym^ Jer. 25: 34. belongs 
 to the uncommon conjugation Tiph- 
 el. See Gesen. Lehrgeb. 73. 4. 
 The Vulg. Aqu. Symm. and several 
 editions read DD"'n Titian dispersiones 
 vestrm^ which is not so well suited to 
 the context. 
 
 Deriv. out of course ^"'2^ a ham- 
 mer. 
 
 Y'^S m. verbal from y^iE, dec. I. dis- 
 persion. Zeph. 3 : 10 "^iSlS D? the 
 daughter of my dispersion^ i. e. those 
 dispersed by me. 
 L p'lS to stumble. Is. 28: 7. 
 Hiph. idem. Jer. 10: 4. 
 Deriv. iij^ns, p"*. 
 
 II. p'^S to go out, i. q. Chald. pst. 
 
 Hiph. 1. to give out., afford., sup^ 
 ply., suppeditare. Ps. 144 : 13. Is. 
 58: 10. 
 
 2. to cause a person to give, to get 
 or acquire from him. Prov. 3: 13. 12: 
 2. 8: 35. 18: 22. 
 
 3. to let or cause to be accomplish- 
 ed. Ps. 140: 9 psn bN let not be ac- 
 complished. 
 
 np^S f. verbal from p^2 no. I. a 
 
 stumbling-stone, an offence, i. q. 
 yit::72. 1 Sam. 25: 31. 
 ^"IS and n"lS <o break, rive, shatter' 
 
 In Kal found only in the infin. 'nis, 
 Is. 24: 19. 
 
 Pilel ^^.is to divide (the sea.) Ps. 
 74: 13. 
 
 Hithpal. to be broken, shattered. Is. 
 24: 19. 
 
 Pilpel ^2^2 to break in pieces. 
 Job 16: 12." '' ' 
 
 Hiph. ^^S^r (Ps. 33: 10. Ezek.l7: 
 19.) and "isn, in pause *iSh. 
 
 1 . to break ; but only metaphori- 
 cally to break or violate, e. g. a cov- 
 enant, Is. 33: 8. Ezek. 17: 16. Lev. 
 26: 44. the law, Ps. 119: 126. 
 
 2. to frustrate, defeat, bring to 
 nought, (a purpose.) 2 Sam. 15'- 34. 
 Ps. 33: 10. comp. Job 5: 13. Prov. 
 15: 22. Is. 44: 25. 
 
 3. to annul, to make void or of 
 none effect ; e. g. a vow, Num. 30 : 
 9, 13. the fear of God, Job 15: 4. 
 righteousness, Job 40: 8. Constru- 
 ed with "JQ, to turn away from a per- 
 son, Ps. 89 : 34. So with D5? (for 
 D:-;23,) Ps. 85: 5. Intrans. to come to 
 nought, to fail, Ecc. 12: 5. 
 
 Hoph. to be frustrated, to be brought 
 
 to nought. Is. 8: 10. Jer. 33: 21. 
 
 Deriv. tinnc. 
 
 'n'^S m. dec. I. a lot, a Persian word 
 
 which is explained Est. 3 : 7, by 
 o / c / 
 
 b'nia. (Comp. Pers. '^V? f-^ apart.) 
 Hence Plur. D"'-insrT ^73^ Est. 9: 31. 
 and simply D^n^E 9: 29, 32. the feast 
 of Purim, which was celebrated by 
 the Jews on the 14th and 15th of 
 the month Adar, in commemoration 
 of the destruction which was medi- 
 tated for them by Haman. 
 ill'^S f o, wine-press. Is. 63: 3. Hag, 
 2: 16. Root ms fo break or bruise. 
 
 I. "d^S and "ji'^E, Arab. (jL\.i mcd. 
 
 Je to move proudly ; hence spoken 
 of a horseman, to leap proudly, Hab. 
 1: 8. of calves, to leap wantonly, to 
 frisk, lascivire, Mai. 3 : 20 [4 : 2} 
 Dn'iJD (from urs.) Sept. aai^TrjGeze. 
 Jer! 50: 11. 
 
 II. 113 ^S Niph. to be scattered, spread 
 abroad. Nah. 3: 18. So in Chald. 
 See ^2. 
 
n& 
 
 526 
 
 nns5 
 
 tS rn, verbal from tT5 no. I. pure gold. 
 
 Ps. 21: 4. Lam. 4: 2. Is. 13: 12. It 
 is distinguished from common gold, 
 Ps. 19: 11. 119: 127. Prov. 8: 19. 
 and in Ecc. 5: 1 1, it is used as an ep- 
 ithet of ens. 
 i. n in Kal not used. Prob. i. q. 
 
 Arab. y2D O*^-^ to purify metals. 
 
 Hoph. part. I^^^TD iiiT IK. 10: 
 
 1 8. for which we find in 2 Chr. 9: 
 
 17 "I'lrru nrjt pure gold. 
 
 Dcriv! '^y 
 J I. TTE' ^'^ ^^ active^ strong. 
 
 Niph. Gen. 49: 24 l-fi; "^JS^nT 5)TE^2 
 the power of his hands continues strong. 
 
 (Sjr. I \*\^ hard^ heavy.) 
 
 Pi. 2 Sam. 6: 16 ^3^5^1 n&?3 
 
 leaping nimbly and dancing. In the 
 
 parallel passage 1 Chr. 15: 29 IJ^.'n^ 
 
 pnir!0^ dancing and sporting. 
 
 ntS ^o scatter., i. q. *iTZ, ^"la. In Kal 
 
 T T ~ T 
 
 found only in the part. pass. Jer. 
 60: 17. 
 
 Pi. 1. as in Kal, to scatter., e. g. a 
 people, Ps. 89: 11. the bones of any 
 one, Ps. 53 : 6. Jer. 3 : 13 '^")T2n 
 ^?511 "'*^^. l^hou hast roved. 
 
 2. to disperse., to give bountifully. 
 Ps. 112: 9. Prov. 11: 24. 
 
 Niph. pass. Ps. 141: 7. 
 
 Pu. pass. Est. 3: 8. 
 nS m. plur. D-'ns, const. "^n2, (like 
 CHw^, with Dagesh forte implied,) 
 verbal from nns, dec. VUl. 1. 
 
 1. a net., snare., gin. Job 18: 9. par- 
 ticularly of the fowler, Ecc. 9: 12. 
 Prov. 7 : 23. To lay snares is ex- 
 pressed in Hebrew by MB ]n:, Ps. 
 119. 110. ns V2U, 140: 6."n2"-:;p% 
 
 141:9. ^'^ " '^' 
 
 2. metaphorically, an object which 
 causes to Jail or brings into misfor- 
 tune ; comp. 'jpi/3 no. 2. Josh. 23. 
 13. Ps. 69: 23.* Is. 8 : 15. Hence 
 ruin., destruction^ Is. 24: 17. Jer. 48: 
 43. See nnr. 
 
 3. Ps. 11:6 C^n 5 prob. crooked 
 lightning. (Comp. in Arab, cords or 
 ciiains. used ia this signification ; al- 
 
 so in Greek {laaxil^ lightnins. Horn. 
 II. xm. 812.) 
 
 4. D'^n2 thin plates. Ex.39: 3 
 Num. 17: 3. 
 
 '7n,fut. nnD\ 1. to tremble, to be 
 afraid. Deut.'28: 66. Is. 12: 2. Con- 
 strued with 173, Ps. 27: 1. and with 
 ^rsTD, Is. 19: 16. of the person /ear- 
 ed.* Also with bi?, of the thing for 
 which one fears,' Is. 19: 17. 'ihd 
 ItlD timere timorem, Job 3: 25. 
 Jltiy^, -^, ^ns to communicate one'^s 
 fear to his neighbour, Jer. 36 : 16. 
 comp. Gen. 42: 28. Also used of a 
 trembling for joy. Is. 60:5. Jer. 33:9. 
 
 2. to hasten, trepidare. Hos. 3: 5. 
 Comp. b^ii:, TEn:, n'ln. 
 
 Pi. 1. intrans. to quake, tremble. Is. 
 51: 13. 
 
 2. to be cautious, circumspect. Prov. 
 28: 14. Antith. n^. H'^pn. 
 
 Hiph. to cause to shake. Job 4: 1 4. 
 
 I. "ins m. with suflf. '^'Xi^i v.erbal 
 
 from "ins, dec. VT. c. 
 
 1. fear, terrour. Ex. 15: 16. Job 
 13: 11. D'n:)ii;' 'ine the fear of the 
 Jews, i. e. which the Jews caused, 
 Est. 8: 17. 9: 3. ^Tiil^ nne the fear 
 or terrour which Jehovah inspires, Is. 
 2: 10, 19. 2 Chr. 14: 13. 
 
 2. joined with d'^Jl !:N% the fear of 
 God, piety. Ps. 36: 2.' '" 
 
 3. the object of fear or reverence. 
 Gen. 31: 42 pn^^l ^ns the fear of 
 Isaac, i. e. Jehovah. Verse 53. Plur. 
 D'^nns Job 15: 21. 
 
 ' ' ' ^. ^ 
 
 II. "ins, Arab. 0.ii, dec. VL c. a 
 
 hip, thigh, femur. Job 40: 17. 
 
 n'^nS f. verbal from ins, dec. XII. 
 a. fear, terrour. Jer. 2: 19. 
 
 rinS m. irreg. const. nriE, with suff. 
 r^nnE, but also nns^. Neh. 5: 14 
 (from an obsol. masc. form,) plur. 
 Dins, const, niinc, a satrap, gov- 
 ernour, deputif, viceroy, (of a prov- 
 ince,) an ofncer under the ancient 
 Chaldean and Persian monarchs. Est. 
 3: 12. 8: 9. 9:3. Spoken of the gov- 
 ernour of Judea under the Persians, 
 
T\n^ 527 ID 
 
 Hag. 1: 1, 14. 2 : 2, 21. Neh. 5: 14, nnsj fear and a pit. Root MHS ia 
 
 18. In 1 K. 10 : 15. 20 : 24. it is Syr.\o dig, to dig mit. Hence also 
 
 perhaps used by anticipation. ^^^^ ^ ^ ^^^^^ (i ^ ^^.^^^^ .^^^^j, 
 
 nnS, const. nne.plur.NmnB.Chald. :, , , st . 
 
 I M ^-; , . ., r ,_, ., ^j ^.^j^ ^^^ leprosy.) Lev. 13: 55. 
 
 3:*2,t27^r8.^^ ^' ^^* ^' "' ^'"* ^^TP. f- the name of a precious stone, 
 
 TnS i. i. q. Arab. .i ia 6e j^rot^rf, Ex.28:17.Ezek 28:13. principally ob- 
 
 - ^ a tamed from Ethiopia, Job 28 : 19. 
 
 vaingloriom. Hence part. tl^\n^B by the ancient translators rendered 
 
 spoken of false prophets, Zeph. 3: 4. a topaz., i. e. the chrysolite of the 
 
 2. to he arrogant.^ rash. Judg. 9: 4. moderns. 
 
 (Syr. V.*S to he arrogant., licentious., ti^'IOS m. a hammer. Is. 41 : 7. Jer. 
 
 wanton. Chald. to hoil up., to hoil 23: 29. Metaphorically Jer. 50 : 23 
 
 over. That the primary signiiica- the hammer, i. e. the desolator, of 
 
 tion of the word has reference to ., , ,7 r? <. \ * . 
 
 . . I . / i.u i* 11 *"^ whole earth. Koot / wuioJ to , 
 
 water, is evident from the following . U^-*-^ 
 
 article.) pound out iron. 
 
 tnB m. liter, a boiling or flowing over, iD'^u: m. Chald. Dan. 3 : 21 Keth. 
 
 spoken of water ; hence arrogance, in the Keri '^JpD i. q. Syr. \^.^2> 
 
 '-- -- an under garment. Hence the Jew- 
 
 lor tz:^7a3 nrns tJum hoilestover, like jgh Targum'ist DDTiinD, as should 
 
 water, indicative of arrogance and be read instead of DDT-sn^. 
 
 w^ntonness.Symm.i;7if^6^fff?.Vulg. ^^ 1.^0 cleave, hurst open, spoken "3 
 
 effusus es. - . ^^ ^^^^^ 1 K. 6 : 18, 29, 32, 
 
 SniTHS f verbal from THe, dec. I. 35^ > ^ > 
 
 vainglory, boasting. Jer. 23: 32. 2. trans. ^0 let break open, to let 
 
 nnS prob. to spread out, hence to (^.^^^^ ^^ &* ^^^er. Prov. 17 : 14. 
 
 - T Hence 
 
 make thin. Hence tlB a wef, and a 3. metaphorically to let loose, set 
 thin plate. (Syr. Ethpa. attenuatus free, dismiss. (In Chald. the preva- 
 
 cst.) lent meaning.) 2 Chr. 23- 8. 1 Chr. 
 
 Hiph. nsin denom. from n?, to 9: 33 Keri D-inros/ree/rom service, 
 
 spread a net, to ensnare. Is. 42 : 22. In the Keth. D'^n'^taD. 
 
 So Sept. Vulg. Syr. and the Hebrew 4. intrans. to go or slip away, to 
 
 interpreters. withdraw, with a fut. "ir]D\ 1 Sam. 
 
 ^flt^m. 1. MeT. a black coal. (Root 19:10. 
 
 ens Chald. and Arab, to be coaU ^'^^' ^^^=^ ^^^^^ '' '^'^''' '^' 
 
 black.) Prov. 26: 21. 'W i- e. to open the mouth wide, 
 
 2. ?l\so a burning coal. Is. 44: 12. ^^ ^^ expression of contempt. Ps. 
 
 54. 16, * 22: 8. (comp. 35: 21. Job 16: 11.) 
 
 nn> m. Chald. a potter. Dan. 2: 41. IDS m. verbal from -^ts, dec. VI. 
 
 (Syr. and Arab, idem.) '^^(^^ fi^^^ breaks through. Hence 
 
 nnS m. plur. tzi-^nnD, dec. VI. c. a ^^1 ^^^' ^^"^ fi''^ ^''^^' ^"^ 
 
 -.- ^ ^ *'. . the womb, a firstling, Ex. 13:2. 34: 
 
 pit. 2 Sam. 17: 9. As representing 19 ^Iso without DHI in the same 
 destruction. It is jomed^ by way of gg^se, Ex. 13: 12, 13.' 34: 20. 
 
 paronomasia, with Tns and tlB, Is. *-.*,.. r- i. ^ c ^-.-. j v 
 
 24: 17. Jer. 48: 43 nVl nnsi '4ns ^TJ^S f-^ verbal from 10=, dec. X- 
 
 Tj"')::^ terrour and the pit and the snare idem. INum. 8: 16. 
 
 ftaJ he vpon thee. Lam. 3: 27 ins ^^ see DS a mouth. 
 
inb^ 
 
 528 
 
 i^^D 
 
 npD""*^S5 found only Ezek. 30 : 17. 
 
 proper name of a city in Egypt, ac- 
 cording to the Sept. and Jerome, 
 Bubastos on tiie eastern mouth of 
 the Nile. 
 ^'^S m. dec. I. calamity^ destruction. 
 
 Job. 30: 24. 31: 29. (l2: 5.?) Prov. 
 
 24: 22. (Arab. o\j med. Vav and 
 Je to die ; conj. IV. to destroy.) 
 
 fl'iS fern, of n;:, i. q. HB no. 3. the 
 edge of a sword. Judg 3: 16. 
 
 riin*'nn""'^iD {opening of caverns) 
 
 proper name of a place on the Red 
 sea. Ex. 14: 2, 9. Num. 33: 7. Also 
 without 's, verse 8. 
 
 n^S ni. dust^ ashes^ verbal from H^lS 
 Hiph. to blow away. Ex. 9: 8, 10. 
 
 tDjib'^B concubine., see I3^^S. 
 
 n^^'SD I fat, fatness. Job 15:27. Arab. 
 
 T 
 
 ff^ to he fat. 
 
 ni'^S^S fem. plur. double edge., two 
 dges.'?s. 149 : 6. Is. 41: 15. Comp. 
 ns no. 3. 
 
 p^S m. a tottering. Nah. 2: 11. Root 
 
 "5 "1 l3 "^S proper name of a river, which 
 according to Gen. 2:11, issued from 
 Eden and flowed round Havilah; 
 comp. Ecclus. 24: 25. Josephus (An- 
 tiq. Jud. I. 3.) makes it the Ganges ; 
 comp. ^^"^in. Others, (after Re- 
 land,) the Phasis. Comp. J. D. Mi- 
 chaelis Supplem. p. 2008. 
 
 *T\B m- cb vial., flashy bottle. 1 Sam. 10: 
 ' i. 2 K. 9:1,3. Root n^S. 
 
 niDS in Pi. to run or Jiow out. Once 
 Ezek. 47: 2. See ^2. 
 
 5<'tS in Kal not used. 
 
 1. to separate., like tibs. See Pi. 
 lliph. no. 1 . (Chald. Pa. to select., re- 
 move.) 
 
 2. to distinguish., to make great or 
 extraordinary. St;e Niph. Hiph. no. 2. 
 
 Niph. to be great or extraordinary, 
 
 insignem, ingentem esse. 2 Sam. 1:26. 
 Dan. 11 : 36 nijilbSD 'ns.'l") he will 
 speak great things, i.e. seditious blas- 
 phemies, (comp. Dan. 7: 11. Apoc, 
 13: 5.) 
 
 2. to be difficult to do or conceive 
 of, arduum esse, construed with 
 '^r-'^^s. 2 Sam. 13: 2. Zech. 8: 6. Con- 
 strued with 172, to be too difficult or 
 too hard for any one. Gen. 18 : 14. 
 Deut. 17: 8. 30: 11. Hence 
 
 3. to be wonderful. Ps. 118:23. 
 139 : 14. Part. plur. fem. ni^bs: 
 wonderful deeds, marvellous works, 
 (of Jehovah;) sometimes in refer- 
 ence to the works of creation, Ps. 9: 
 2. 26: 7. 40: 6. and sometimes to the 
 miracles wrought for the Israelites, 
 Ex. 34: 10. Josh. 3: 5. As a subst. it 
 may have an adjective agreeing with 
 it, as Ps. 136: 4. The plur. is also 
 used as an adv. wonderfdly, marvel- 
 lously, Job 37: 5. Dan. 8: 24. 
 
 Pi. to consecrate, dedicate, (liter. 
 to separate;) particularly a vow, 
 either in making it, Lev. 27 : 2. or 
 in performing it, Lev. 22: 21. Num. 
 15: 3, 8. 
 
 Hiph. N"'r.5il and fi<bs?n (the lat- 
 ter Deut. 28': 59. Is.Vs : 29. as if 
 from inbs.) 
 
 1 . i. q. Pi. ^0 consecrate, to set apart. 
 Num. 6: 2. 
 
 2. to make great or extraordinary. 
 Deut. 28: 59. Ps. 31: 22. Infin. N^V.^n 
 as an adv. 2 Chr. 2: 8. 
 
 3. to make wonderful. Is. 28 : 29. 
 Construed with nfijt , to deal wonder- 
 fully with a person, 29:14. fi^'^Vs?!^ 
 
 as an adv. wonderfully, Joel 2: 26. 
 
 Hithpa. to show one^s self great 
 or powerful towards a person, con- 
 strued with 2. Job 10: 16. 
 iJ^*pS m. with suif. ""^bE , verbal from 
 iiis, dec. VL h. 
 
 1. something great or wonderfid, 
 a zvonder, miracle. Ex. 15: 11. Ps. 
 77 : 12, 15. Plur. D\^b? as an adv. 
 wonderfully. Lam. 1:9. DiitV 
 wonderful events, Dan. 12: 6. 
 
 2. as a concrete, wonderful, extra- 
 ordinary. Is. 9: 5. 
 
n^s 
 
 529 
 
 t:h^ 
 
 \^'::fe Judg. 13: 18 Keth. wonderful. 
 In the Keri "^^E. The feminine of 
 the first form is found in the Kethib 
 of Ps. 139: 6 rr^Jtbc, read n^5<bE, for 
 which the Keri reads Hi^-bs from a 
 singular N"^bs. ' ' " 
 
 ^^_B to divide. In Kal not used. 
 
 "Niph. to be divided. Gen. 10: 25. 
 1 Chr. 1:19 V^Hn fiabSD t'^'n^z in 
 
 T X T : : rx : 
 
 his days the earth was divided. 
 
 Pi. to divide. Ps. 55:10 D:il2;b ^\b 
 divide their tongues.^ i. e. make them 
 disunited in their counsels. Job 38 : 
 25 nbyn PlP/iJb ^bs-va who di- 
 videth a passage for the showers ? 
 r7S Chald. ti^ew. Part. pass. Dan.2:41. 
 
 :ib;S m. dec. VI. a. a brook. Ps. 65: 10. 
 
 Plur. ti-^JD ^:ibS) water brooks., Ps. 1 : 
 3. 119:*136."* 
 ^^J!) Chald. half. Dan. 7: 25. 
 
 rii^i^S plur. fem. brooks. Judg. 5: 15, 
 
 16. J*ob20:17. 
 n^bS f- verbal from :;^5, dec. X. a 
 
 division or c/a*5 of the priests, oth- 
 erwise called Djl^bna. 2 Chr. 35:5. 
 In Chald. idem., Ezra 6: 18. 
 
 tD^VS and "d^b^S, plur. D^-^J^^-D, of 
 
 the common or epicene gender. 
 
 1. a concubine. Gen. 35: 22. In full 
 U?5!r*^E rr^J* Judg. 19: 1. 2 Sam. 15: 
 16. 20: 3' ' 
 
 2. a paramour. Ezek. 23 : 20 
 lDn'U:5VB bv nn^yni and she doted up- 
 on their paramours ; comp. verse 5. 
 (In Chald. fi^nj^b^S? , i^np^s idem. 
 The Greek words naXlal, naXXa- 
 nig., and the Latin pellex., are proba- 
 bly derived from the Hebrew.) 
 
 n'^r'S f dec. XII. a. iron., steel. (Syr. 
 
 and Arab, idem.) Plur. Nah. 2: 4. 
 MxS i. q. t^bs. 1. to separate. 
 
 2. ^0 distinguish. 
 
 Niph. pass, of no. 1. Ex. 33: 16. 
 of no. 2. Ps. 139:14. 
 
 Hiph. 1. to separate. Ex. 8: 18. [8: 
 
 67 
 
 22.] Construed with';'>2,^o make a 
 
 distinction between^ Ex. 9: 4. 11: 7. 
 
 2. to distinguish^ Ps. 4: 4. ^o make 
 great., Ps. 17: 7. 
 
 nbS i^' cleave., cut., furrow. Ps. 141: 7. 
 
 (In Arab, fo cut., furrow., cultivate the 
 ground.) 
 
 Pi. 1. to divide, cleave., spoken of 
 an arrow. Prov. 7 : 23. Job 16:13 
 ^ni'^bs nbci' he cleaveth my reins 
 asunder. 
 
 2. to cut up., e. g. fruirt. 2 K. 4 : 
 39. 
 
 3. to let break forth., to bring forth., 
 e. g. young. Job 39:3. Comp. ntis. 
 
 n^S Chald. <o serve, (God or idols,) 
 construed with an accus. and with !:. 
 Dan. 3: 12ff. 7: 14, 24. (in the Tar- 
 gums, to labour, to serve.) 
 
 Tfpp m. verbal from nbs. 
 
 1. a piece or slice cut off. Cant. 4: 
 3. 1 Sam. 30: 12 nbl^ nbc a slice 
 of a cake of dried figs. 
 
 2. a mill-stone, so named from its 
 cut or flat surface which it turns to 
 the other stone. The upper is call- 
 ed ilDn nb!?. the loose mill-stone or 
 the runner, Judg. 9 : 53. 2 Sam. 11: 
 21. also simply lap.'T. ; the lower is 
 called n^r\nr\ nbs, Job 41: 16. [41: 
 24.] 
 
 "jn^S na. Chald. worship, service of 
 
 God. Ezra 7: 19. 
 137 S synonymous with t2b, comp. 
 
 the letter a. 
 
 1. <o 6c smooth, slippery. 
 
 2. ^0 escape. Ezek. 7 : 16. (Syr. 
 and Arab, idem.) 
 
 Pi. 1 . io /e^ escape (from danger,) 
 <o /e/irer. Ps. 18: 3. 40: 18. Constru- 
 ed with ]73, Ps. 18: 49. 17 : 13. with 
 ^^172, 71: 4. 
 
 2. intrans. to escape, to be deliver- 
 ed. Job 23: 7. 
 
 3. to bear, bring forth. Job 21: 10. 
 Comp. tsb^a no. 2. In this significa- 
 tion we find the part, only of t2^,5, 
 
ipt> 
 
 530 
 
 tbn 
 
 the pret. only of t2^73 , the fut. im- 
 per. and infin. of both. 
 
 Hiph. to deliver^ Mic. 6: 14. to hear 
 away (the prey,) Is. 5: 29. 
 
 Deriv. out of course XT^z^ InD^bc, 
 
 OvS m. verbal from t2b 2, deZii^erance. j 7 
 
 V>~ 00 .7 L /^ ~ ' z. ^ ^^S 1" Kal not used. Probably its 
 
 r s. 32: 7 thou shalt compass me about '^ '-'% ^ 
 
 'with soms of deliverance. 
 ^'^S wonderful^ see '^JS^^ST. 
 
 2. spindle. Prov. 31: 19. (Arab. 
 5 ^^ >* 
 
 ^>^X5 tc^em,in Talmud. ^>S),lnSbs, 
 JllDb'^D ; also ^":?S <o 5;?m.) 
 
 3. a star]^^ crutch. 2 Sam. 3: 29. 
 Sept. Oicvrah]. 
 
 i^^'^t) wonderful^ see '^j^7S. 
 
 tJ'^pS and D'^bS m. verbal from tsbs, 
 
 dec. III. a. one escaped^ a fugitive. 
 Gen. 14: 13. Josh. 8: 22. In the 
 plur. t2'^t:'^VD, D'^LDbD, Is. 66: 19. Jer. 
 44: 14. Const, and with suff. '^D'^^S, 
 V:"'::2, Jer. 44: 28. Ezek. 6: 8" * " 
 
 T\X:'hp^ and n"J^S? f. verbal from D^C, 
 
 dec* t. 
 
 1. deliverance. Joel 3: 5. [2: 32.] 
 Obad. 17. 
 
 2. ^Atti ijy^ic/i escapes or is deliver- 
 ed. Ex. 10 : 5. Particularly as a 
 collective, a part saved.^ a remnant of 
 
 primary signification was to cut., sep- 
 arate., hence to decide. Kindred with 
 iibs and nbs to separate ; in Chald. 
 '^b^ conj. Aph. to decide. 
 
 Pi. ]:\b 1. to judge. 1 Sam. 2: 25. 
 Construed with !:, io adjudge to a per- 
 son, adjudicare, Ezek. 16: 52. 
 
 2. fo think., believe. Gen. 48: 11. 
 
 Deriv. b'^'^'S) Ji''^''^2 "'b^bs. 
 
 Hithpa. to pray, (l.) The deity <o 
 which a person prays is preceded 
 by !:, Gen. 20: 17. Num. 11: 2. (2.) 
 The person for whom one prays is 
 preceded by li's, Deut. 9 : 20. I 
 Sam. 7: 5. by b?, Job 42: 8. by ^, 1 
 Sam.2:25. (3.) The thing about which 
 one prays is preceded by bN, 1 Sam. 
 1: 27. Deriv. !nbDn prayer. 
 
 ^^^ 7B ni. i. q. Greek xat tJ ^67i/of, 
 some one., a certain one., always fol- 
 lowed by n72bN. 1 Sam. 21 : 2 
 
 ^Vnb^ "'^bs DTp?3 bt$ to such and such 
 
 ra 9: 8. 
 7*^^^ m. verbal from bbs , dec. III. a. 
 found only in the plur.d"'b''bs judges. 
 Ex. 21:22. Job 31: 11 D'^b'^bs "OVJ a 
 transgression to go before the judges. 
 
 TvP'^B f- verbal from bb^^ justice^ 
 equity, righteousness, i. q. p'liS and 
 X:zt72. Is. 16: 3. 
 
 V vS m. denom. adj. from b^bs, per- 
 
 taining to a judge, judicialis. Job 31: 
 28. (Comp. verse 11.) Fem. n^b"'!: 
 judiciale, used substantively for judi- 
 cium, judgment, Is. 28: 7. 
 p^S m- with suff. isbs, dec. VI. h. 
 
 1. a district, circle, circuit, small 
 province. Neh. 3 : 9 ff. E. g. ^fir.D 
 D'^b^li^^'J the district of Jerusalem, 
 verse 9.* (In Chald. ^bs, Arab. 
 
 ^X*,X5 idem.) 
 
 a place. 2 K. 6: 8. As if in the voc- 
 ative case, Ruth 4: 2 Vb MS-JinU) 
 *^;72b5< sit down here,such an one, (a ov- 
 
 TO?, bone. (Arab, (ji^^, Syr. ^-^s 
 idem.) From combining the two 
 words arose in common language 
 the quadriliteral ""riabs Dan. 8: 13. 
 
 D7S in Kal not used. 
 
 Pi. 1 . ^0 ?nake straight, smooth, even, 
 to beat (a path.) Ps. 78: 50 he beat a 
 path for his anger, i. e. he gave it 
 free course. Prov. 4 : 26 make 
 straight the path of thy feet, i. e. go 
 in a straight path. 
 
 2. to weigh out. Metaphorically 
 Ps. 58: 3. 
 
:iD& 
 
 531 
 
 mil 
 
 3. to weigh^ observe^ ponder. Prov. 
 6:21. 
 Deriv. t5bs?;^, and 
 5^7 S m. verbal from D^B, scales^ a 
 
 balance ; properly steelyards^ like 
 5 o / 
 
 the Arab. (jM-t.Xi*i. Prov. 16 : 11. 
 
 Is. 40: 12. 
 Y^S found only in Hithpa. to be sha- 
 ken, to quake^ tremble. Job 9: 6. De- 
 riv. out' of course n::!:?:, riil^sp. 
 
 mS^S f- verbal from fc^i quaking.^ 
 fear., trembling. Job 21: 6. Ps. 55: 6. 
 
 iS^S found only in Hithpa. to cover or 
 sprinkle one's self ; e. g. ^BJllS 'ooiih 
 ashes, Jer. 6: 26. Ezek. 27: 30. ^s:^ 
 mf/i dust., Mic. 1 : 10. Also without 
 addition, in the same sense, Jer. 
 25: 34. 
 
 DpipS f Philistia., the proper name 
 
 of a country in the southwestern 
 part of Palestine. Gen. 10: 14. Ex. 
 15: 14. Is. 14: 28. In Josephus Hu- 
 laLdrivfi (Antiq. Jud. i. 7. ii. 6. vi. i. 
 VIII. 2. IX. 13.) which he uses likewise 
 for all Canaan., e. g. Antiq. Jud. viii. 
 4. Comp. Relandi Palaestina, p. 38 
 ff. 73 ff. The gentile noun is Tn-ii^e, 
 plur. DTi'ip^B, also C-^n-^^.B (A'm.9: 
 8.) a Philistine., Is. 2: 6.* 
 
 ^n <S ni. royal messengers., state cour- 
 iers., who, with the '^ri'lS headsmen, 
 formed the body-guard of the He- 
 brew kings. 2 Sam. 8:18. 15:18. 
 etc. Root Arab. ^^J^i i. q. t:^B to 
 
 So f 
 escape, to Jlee away ; <^^-> swift, 
 swift-footed. 
 
 JS (always with Makkeph following.) 
 
 1. conj. construed with the fut. 
 (l.) that not, lest, ne, ne forte. Gen. 
 19: 19. Lev. 10: 7. Ps. 2: 12. (2.) 
 that not, quod non, Judg. 15: 12. 
 
 2. conj. construed with the pret. 
 that not, lest. 2 Sam. 20 : 6. 2 K. 
 2: 16. 
 
 3. adv. 710^. Prov. 5: 6. 
 
 33D found only Ezek. 27: 17. prob. 
 
 a kind of pastry. (In Rabbin. Dnb 
 ^Zti opus dtdciarium.) Perhaps kind- 
 red with p5B deliciari. So in Chald. 
 {<''):Tp i.e. xdXlcc, a kind of sweeten- 
 ed pastry. 
 rOS, fut. apoc. 'JS"), also "jBr), iSij. 
 
 1. to turn, to turn away. Deut. 30t 
 17. Particularly (l.) for the pur- 
 pose of departing. Ex. 7: 23. 10: 6. 
 32: 15. Hence (2.) to go to a place. 
 1 K. 17: 3. Construed with a pleo- 
 nastic dative ^r, Deut. 1: 40. 2: 3. 
 Josh. 22: 4.-1 Sam. 14: 47 ^l23.Nt l:ba 
 SlSD"^ whithersoever he went or turned 
 himself. (3.) to go or pa^s away. 
 Metaphorically Ps. 90: 9 all our days 
 pass away. Jer. 6: 4 Ql'^fl TlZQ tht 
 day declines or passes away. (4.) to 
 turn one''s self to a person, construed 
 with bN ; e. g. to God, Is. 45: 22. to 
 idols, Lev. 19: 4. Deut. 29: 17. Al- 
 so once with z. Job 6 : 28. (5.) to 
 approach, draw' near. "Ip.sJ^ T'^^^ 
 at the approach of morning, towards 
 morning, Ex. 14: 27. Judg. 19: 26. 
 13'1,:p ni3Db towards evening, Deut. 
 23: 12. 
 
 2. particularly to turn one's eyes, to 
 look. Ex. 2: 12. Is. 8: 21. Constru- 
 ed with bN, to look towards a place, 
 Ex. 16 : lb. Spoken of God or a 
 king, to look graciously, to regard with 
 
 favmr, Ps. 25: 16. 2 Sam. 9 : 8. 
 Spoken of inanimate objects, to be 
 turned towards a place, spectare ali- 
 quam regionem, Ezek. 8:3. 11:1. 
 44: 1. 
 
 3. trans, as in Hiph. to turn, in- 
 cline ; only in the phrase ^^':> !1j2. 
 See;)^>. 
 
 Pi. rjSS 1. to destroy. Zeph. 3:15. 
 
 2. to clear, empty ; e. g. a house, 
 Gen. 24: 31. Lev. 14: 36. a way. Is. 
 40: 3. 57: 14. 
 
 Hiph. n3S?Sl, fut. apoc. "JS^^- 
 
 1. trans, to turn, incline, e. g. the 
 back. Jer. 48: 39. 1 Sam. 10: 9. 
 
 2. intrans. to turn oneh self, terga 
 vertere. Jer. 46:5, 21. 49:24. Con- 
 strued with bi<, Jer. 47: 3. 
 
 Hoph. 1. to be turned, to look, (to 
 a place.) Ezek. 9: 2. 
 
*:d 
 
 532 
 
 4& 
 
 2. io turn one's self^ i. q. Hiph. no. 
 2. Jer. 49: 8. 
 
 ?1j f. plur. ni, once D^- (Zech. 14: 
 
 10.) dec. X. 
 
 1. a corner. Prov. 7:8. ^ISE :;j'l 
 Ps. 118: 22. and !i:s pN Job 38:6. 
 ttie corner stone, 
 
 2. a battlement in a wall^ pinna. 2 
 Chr. 26: 15. Zeph. 1: 16. 
 
 3. figuratively the head or leader 
 of a people^ (comp. Ps. 118 : 22. Is. 
 28:16.) Is. 19: 13. Zech. 10: 4. 1 
 Sam. 14: 38. Judg. 20 : 2. For sim- 
 ilar metaphorical expressions, see 
 under in^, I^D. 
 
 b^}j^ Gen. 32:^ 32. Judg. 8 : 8. and 
 ^N'':5 Gen. 32: 31. {the face of God, 
 Ji:c and "'2C being probably the ob- 
 solete singular of d'^^E, comp. nn53, 
 plur. Cn^,) proper name of a place 
 beyond Jordan. For the origin of the 
 name, see Gen. xxxii. 
 
 G*^3S masc. plur. const. "'^S. 
 " ' 
 
 1. a face.^ countenance. Also to 
 
 express the plur. faces., Ezek. 1 : 6 
 
 Crs rr^'zniJ^ four faces. ^J^. D^^.S 
 
 D'':s /ce to face., Gen. 32 : 31. also 
 
 t]^:D2 a"^:, Deut. 5 : 4 . an^. 
 
 D'^rsn the shew-bread, and )n\p 
 tD^'SSri ^Ae table of shew-hread., Num. 
 4: 7. The following phrases are 
 worthy of notice ; (l.) b D^:3 D^tJ 
 to direct one'' s face to a thing, to have 
 it 6e/brc /ww, to purpose. Jer. 42: 15, 
 17. 44:12. 2 K. 12:18. Dan. 11:17. 
 So with -jn:, 2 Chr. 20 : 3. Dan. 9: 
 
 3. Also vvithout a verb, 2 Chr. 32: 2 
 n^nb?^^ T^^^^ and {that) his pur- 
 pose "was to fight. (Comp. 0*^2 2 f''-.\l 
 b^. Ezek. 4: 3. and Luke 9 1 53.) 
 (2.) bi< D"^:b D^t; to direct one'^s 
 face or look to a place. Ezek. 6 : 2. 
 So withb^:, IK. 2: 15. (3.) DT^ 
 2 0*^:2 io c^zVeci one'* am^er as:ainst u. 
 person. Lev. 20: 5. Sometimes with 
 the addition rrn^t:^ is*"b") r7r-)b , 
 Jer. 21 : 10. comp. h^-r:' Jer. li : 
 11. (Comp. J:^ )-]^j D^itJ under the 
 word]-:^' no. 1. (5.) Henge (4.) ]n: 
 
 a D"^: S to set or execute one^s anstr 
 
 a person. Lev. 20: 3, 6. 26: 
 17. Ezek. 14:8. 15: 17. Hence 
 without a verb, Ps. 34:17 Siiii'' "^rs 
 ir^ "^iljy^ the face., i. e. the anger, o/ 
 Jehovah is against evildoers. Antith. 
 verse 16. 
 
 2. appearance., looks. 1 Sam. 1: 18 
 and her {sorromful) looks continued 
 no longer. So Job 9 : 27. Metaphori- 
 cally a state, condition, Prov. 27: 23. 
 
 3. surface, fades, superficies ; e. g. 
 of the earth. Gen. 2: 6. Is. 14: 21. of 
 the water, Job 38: 30. See '^:2 bwS*, 
 
 "33 "^V. " ' " 
 
 4. the front or forepart. In an 
 army, the front or vaji, (in Greek 
 npOGMTiov,) Joel 2 : 20. Hence as 
 an adv. 0*^:3 before, (antith. ^iHN,) 
 Ezek. 2: 10. a-'Sob forwards, Jer. 
 7: 24. and spoken of time, in ancient 
 times, formerly, Deut. 2:10,12. Josh. 
 11: 10. 14: 15. D^2C5^ from an- 
 cient times. Is. 41: 26. 
 
 5. i. q. ns?. a mouth, and hence 
 the edge, spoken of iron. Ecc. 10: 10. 
 
 6. a person, personal presence, 
 TiQOGomoi^, Spoken of Jehovah, 
 Ex.33: 14 5:^1:7. ^35 my presence 
 shall go with you, i.e. I myself, or I in 
 person will go with you. 2 Sam. 17: 
 11. Lam. 4: 16 the presence of Je- 
 hovah scatters them. Ps. 21 : 10. (So 
 in the phrases D"'2B "T^sn, H^z.) 
 Hence it serves for a periphrasis of 
 the pronoun, Prov. 7: 13. Ps. 80:17. 
 particularly in a reflexive sense, E- 
 zek. 6: 9. 
 
 In the significations which follow, 
 it is combined with prepositions and 
 often loses its primary meaning. 
 
 7. '^:d)?, with suff. ^z^b,, V?5^, 
 etc. liter, before the face o/r person; 
 hence (l.) before, (in space.) ""rcb 
 nnn^ before Jehovah, i. e. before the 
 tent of the congregation. Lev. 9: 5. 
 Ex. 34: 34. metaphorically pleasing 
 to Jehovah, Ps. 19: 15. Hence (2.) 
 east of. Josh. 8 : 14. Gen. 23: 17. 
 Comp. a^.j:.. (3.) before (in time.) 
 Am. 1: 1. Before an infin. before that, 
 Gen, 13: 10. (4.) against. 1 Chr.l4: 
 
>D) 
 
 533 
 
 ts 
 
 ^. (5-) * q- "^-^ ^** <^^ ^'^^^ ^^^ power 
 of any one. Josh. 10 : 12. 1 K. 8 : 
 46. Comp. Gen. 24 : 51 behold^ Re- 
 bekah is before thee, i. e. is committed 
 to thee. 34: 10. 2Chr. 14: 6. Ezek. 
 23: 24. Is. 8: 4. {Q.) for ; e. g. in: 
 ''jcb to count for, to regard as, 1 Sam. 
 1: 16. (7.) i. q. '^Z'^::'^ in the judgment 
 or opinion of any one. Gen. 10: 9. 
 Prov, 14: 12. Gen. 6: 13 "^iD'r N2 is 
 come before me, i.e. is resolved upon 
 by me. *':Eb 1 K. 6: 17, is regard- 
 ed as an adj. from "^rDb , with the 
 Aramean termination of adjectives, 
 anierius. 
 
 8. ^DSa liter, from the face of a 
 
 person, a facie ; hence (l.) from^ 
 azvayfrom. Num. 20: 6. 1 Sam. 25: 
 10. (2.) before, (in space.) Ex. 14: 
 
 19. (3.) on account of Deut. 28: 20. 
 Is. 10: 27. 17: 9. 57: 1. Jer. 9: 6. 
 "T*pw\ "'zex: conj. because, Ex. 19: 18. 
 (4.) towards^ versus. Jer. 1: 13. 
 
 9. ':C^ (l.) away from. Ex. 35: 
 
 20. Lev. 9: 24. Num. 17:11. (2.) 
 before, an account of; e. g. to fear 
 before a person, 1 Sam. 18: 12. to cry 
 on account of, 1 Sam. 8: 18. 
 
 10. "^pD b? 071 the surface of; 
 hence (l.) upon, over. Gen. 1: 2. 11: 
 8. Lev. 16:14. (2.) in, near ; e.g. 
 Gen. 1: 20 Vp.y} ^t^ -? ^' the fir- 
 mament. Gen. 23 : 3. (3.) before, (in 
 time and space.) 2 Chr. 3:17. Gen. 
 1 1: 28. Also in preference to, Deut. 
 21: 16. (4.) cast of Gen. 25 : 18. 
 Josh. 15 : 8. (5.) toward, versus. 
 Gen. 18: 16. (6.) with, together with. 
 Ex. 20:3. Num. 3:4. 
 
 n. "i:!? biN[ (1.) before, i. q. "p.^rb. 
 
 Lev. 9: 5. (2.) on the surface of; e.g. 
 innirn \:s irN into the field. Lev. 
 14:' 53. (3.)r:Dbi^. Deut. 7:10. 
 prob. at the moment, on the spot. 
 Vulg. statim. Antith. inNn 5<b. 
 
 12. ^m MwNt before. Gen. 19: 13. 
 Hence '3D n^jf^. from before, Gen. 
 27: 30. Ps. 42 : 3 CnVNl. "^pD ^Tfi*")wN{ 
 for D"'n'bw\ ^3D-nwN 'j{ / shall appear 
 before God ; comp. Ex. 34:24. Deut. 
 16: 16. 
 
 D^'DS (1 K. 6 : 29.) and m'^iz adv. 
 
 within, inwardly. (The etymology 
 is obscure.) 1 K. 6: 18. 2 K. 7: 11. 
 Ps.45:l4 the king'^s daughter is all glo- 
 rious rr^'^jS within, i.e. in the palace, 
 redundant like if fifycigocot in Hom. 
 Also in, Lat. inirorsum, 2 Chr. 29: 
 18. rT7:'':r"; inwardly, 1 K. 6 : 30. 
 introrsum, Ezek. 41 : 3. b HlZ^Zti'b 
 within, inward, Ezek.40:16.-!^72'':273 
 
 from within, 1 K. 6 : 19, 2L 2 Clir. 
 
 3: 4. 
 "^^^^DS, fem. n''-_, denom. adj. from 
 
 CD'^:c, inner. Antith. 'ji2:"'n. 1 K. 6: 
 
 27. 7:3,12. 
 n'^3'^-^ masc. plur. Prov. 3:15 Keri. 
 
 8: 11*. 20: 15. 31 : 10. Job 28 : 18. 
 (In Prov. 3: 15 Keth. a"'.:!?) a cost- 
 ly substance, prob. corals ; comp. 
 Lam. 4: 7. and see the article CliJ. 
 Others : red gems, {sardii, pyropi,^ 
 but the constant use of the plural con- 
 tradicts this idea. Neither does the 
 name occur among precious stones, 
 Ex. 39: 10 ff. According to Bochart 
 (Hieroz. II. Lib. v. cap. 6. 7.) pearls, 
 which leads him to render tZD'iN 
 (Lam. 4: 7.) to be white, shining, but 
 without sufficient evidence. 
 pjE Pi. to bring up delicately, to spoil 
 
 by tenderness. Once Prov. 29: 21. (In 
 Aram, and Arab, idem.) 
 OS dec. VIII. h. found only in the 
 phrase tZ]"^S2 ri:n3 Gen. 37: 3, 23. 
 2 Sam. 13:18, 19. according to Jo- 
 sephus (Antiq. Jud. vii. 8. 1.) an 
 under garment, with sleeves, which 
 hung down to the heels and was 
 worn by persons of rank over the 
 common tunic ; hence the addition 
 D''^^^*^ in 2 Sam.l3:18. The Sept. in 
 Gen.yiTOjv noUiXog. The Syr.ajloun- 
 ced garment. ^oviAih. paragoda, a kind 
 oi tunica pr(texta.'&yT[\mXw Gen. Sept. 
 in Sam. y^LQtfionog. Several deriva- 
 tions are possible. The most plaus- 
 ible is that from the Chaldee, tunica 
 talaris et manicata, a tunic reaching 
 down to the hands and feet. Comp. 
 Hartmann's Hebraerin, Tb. 3. p.20O. 
 
ncft , 534 i::?s 
 
 Concerning this double tunic, see '^^^ m. verbal from n&Q no. I. dec. 
 
 Schroeder, De Vestibus Mulierum,p. 
 
 237. VI. d. 
 
 nirv ^ r^i ij J -^u v^> ^7 ^- ^^^ paschal lamb, offered ac- 
 
 CS m. Ciiald. lomed with J^^** , the ^^r.j; +:f i?, i o r. 
 
 - ^ ^ , _ ^'' cording to -Lx. 12: 27. m commemo- 
 palm of the hand. Dan. 5: 5, 24. ration of the sparing of the Israelit- 
 Syr. I'Amk) ^Ae joa/m of the hand or ish firstborn in Egypt. Ex. 12: 21. 
 
 .oZe of the foot, according as hand "^^ ^^^^ ^' '"^ ^^' P^''^^^ ^^^' 
 or/ooi is to be supplied. 2 Chr. 30: 18. Plur. Cj-^nDS 2 Chi. 
 
 jiD^ Pi. JlDD in Chald. <o divide, dis- 30: 1 '7- . ^ , 
 
 - T _ 2. the feast of the passover. Num. 
 tribute. Ps. 48: 14 r:\ni:?2^i5 ^i)D 9. 4 ff. josh. 5: 11. This strictly de- 
 divide her palaces, i. e. walk about noted only the paschal meal on the 
 them, or consider them separately. evening of the 14th of Nisan; the 
 
 - Perhaps the word signified in He- 15th and the succeeding days were 
 brew, to distinguish, attend to, con- called the feast of unleavened bread, 
 sider, (like \''Z..) This would suit Lev. 23 : 5. The Greek word 
 the context better. nccaya, pascha, is derived from the 
 
 m5CS proper name of a mountain Aramean form i<nDD. 
 
 peak, in the territory of Moab, the 'H.^P. ^- ^^^^^^ from HDD no. II. dec. 
 southern limit of the kingdom of Si- VII. a. Lev. 21: 18. 2 Sam. 9: 13. 
 hon, Num. 21: 20. 23: 14. Deut. 3: l^^^^ or P^DS , verbal from b^S, 
 27. 34:1. Josh. 12:3. (Chald. N.^SE, ^ ^ -^ ' '' 
 
 a piece, part.) ' '' ' ^^""^ ^"^^ ^" *^^ P^"^' ^'^^^ 
 
 riDS f. dec. X. prob. an abundance, ,. \-J^f^X''^ols. Deut. 7: 25. Jer. 
 
 T o. ly. t) 1 . O/C. 
 
 found only Ps. 72: 16 -)? nsQ '^51': 2. perhaps qmrrics, like the Syr. 
 
 y^n.JJJZ let there be an abundance of TVJ^q^, Jud. 3: 19 26. 
 
 corn in the land. Root prob. DD2 = ? >^,, ^ , , r 
 
 ^^ 7CD, lut. !:53^, <o CMi or nety ow<, 01 
 
 (J^^ diffudit; comp. Chald ilSS io stone. Ex. 34 : 1, 4. Deut. 10 : 3. 
 
 spread iiscf out, to be' fruitful, and ^ also Hab. 2: 18. (Syr. idem.) 
 
 the Heb. JliDD. ^^5^ m. with suff. "'i^pD, verbal from 
 
 I. nOD liter, to pass over. Hence ^03, dec. VI. h. a graven image, an 
 ncsn {passage) Thapsacus, proper idol. Ex. 20: 4. Judg. 17: 3, 4. In 
 name of a city, situated at a celebra- t^e plural always D-i;^D2. See b^DS. 
 ted passage over the river Euphra- "^^^30^ Chald. Dan. 3: 7, and iriDDD 
 tes. Particularly to pass by and spare, "' ~ ' '" \ 
 (0 spare, construed with b^', Ex. 12: I>an. 3: 5, 10, 15. the Greek ijiaXrvQ, 
 13,23, 27. Is. 31: 5. (Comp. nn^ a /sa/^crj/, a stringed instrument like 
 v^. \ " ' the harp, by a commutation of ]: and 
 
 '" 3. See b. 
 
 II. n'Oil) to limp, halt, be lame. (Arab. ^ ' " /. , j- ^ - ^ a 
 
 ' -~r ^' ' ^ ODS ^0 cease, fail, disappear, kindred 
 
 ^\M^ to be dislocated.) 1 K. 18: 21 ^jrilh D5N. Once Ps. 12: 2. Comp. 
 
 how long halt ye between two opinions; the letter S<. 
 
 i. e. how long waver ye between ^^.^ ^^ ^ ^ woman in childbirth. 
 
 two opinions ? The Arabians like- - -r 
 
 wise say claudicare (in religione.) Once Is. 42: 14. (Syr. and Chald. to 
 
 Pi. idem. 1 K. 18: 26, (where it is cry, bleat, spoken of a flock.) 
 spoken in derision of the fruitless *^7) see "^^E. 
 dance of the priests of Baal.) . '" ' ^ . ^i. <l 
 
 Niph. to become lame. 2 Sam. 4: 4. '"i^^^ m. name of a mountain in the ter- 
 
n^^ 
 
 535 
 
 nM 
 
 ritoryofMoab. Num. 23:28. Hence 
 ni^'D-b:^? Num. 25 : 3, 5. and sim- 
 ply 'iu'S Num.23: 18. 31: 16. Josh. 
 22: 17. a Moabitish idol, in honour 
 of which the young women of Moab 
 prostituted themselves. Comp. also 
 
 7^S, fut. b5>B% i. q. Tt^'J. but used 
 
 only in poetry. 
 
 1. to make^ do^ prepare. Ex. 15: 
 17. Deut. 32: 27. Ps. 7: 14. 
 
 2. used particularly in reference 
 to moral actions ; as p'lifc b>b (?oin^ 
 righteousness^ Ps. 15 : 2. I^.N "'biib 
 evildoers^ Ps. 5: 6. Construed with 
 b, io 6^0 or 5/^ow a person, either 
 good, Job 22 : 17. Ps. 31 : 20. or 
 evil. Job 7: 20. The latter is also 
 expressed by a, Job 35: 6. 
 
 Deriv. out of course b^'C^- 
 pIPS , with suff. ib^'s, '^r^e (poolcha,) 
 
 more rarely ibi;b (Is. 1 : 31. Jer. 
 22: 13.) plur. a''b^;s, verbal from 
 b?5, dec. VI. n. i. q. fliI5?.?3, but sel- 
 dom used except in poetry. 
 
 1. a7i action^ deed^ (of God.) Ps. 
 64: 10. Spoken particularly of God^s 
 judgments on the wicked, Is. 5: 12. 
 Hab. 3: 2. (comp. n^'J72 Is. 5: 19. 
 10: 12.) tZD"^^:^ n*^ great in migh- 
 ty acts, 2 Sam. 23: 20. 
 
 2. a work, a thing made. Is. 1: 31. 
 '^11 -^^ ^^6 work of my hands, i. e. 
 men, Is. 45: 11. 
 
 3. an action, in a moral sense. Ps. 
 28:4. Prov. 24: 12, 29. Some- 
 times by way of eminence, an evil 
 action. Job 36: 9. (comp. nb"^??..) 
 
 4. a reward of labour, comp. tlbi'B. 
 Job 7: 2. Jer. 22: 13. 
 
 5. an acquisition. Prov. 21: 6. 
 nb5?E f. verbal from b^'S, dec. X. 
 
 1. a work, action. Prov. 11: 18. 
 
 2. a reward, wages. Lev. 19: 13. 
 Ps. 109: 20. 
 
 jD3?D 1. to strike, smite. Deriv. lD5>d 
 
 ojii anvil, "jT^? a hell. 
 
 2. to drive or urge on, spoken of 
 the spirit of God. Judg. 13: 25. 
 
 Niph. p be pushed or driven about, 
 
 to he disquieted. Gen. 41: 8. Dan. 
 2: 3. Ps. 77 : 5 "'n^ys: / am disqui- 
 eted. 
 
 Hithpa. i. q. Niph. Dan. 2: 1. . 
 
 Q5^ , plur. a''^c, fem. (also masc 
 
 in signif no. 3. Judg. 16 : 28.) ver- 
 bal from C252, dec. VI. c. 
 
 1. afoot. Ps. 17: 5. 57: 7. Plur. 
 nia^D feet (of the ark of the cove- 
 nant,)* Ex. 25: 12. 
 
 2. a footstep. Ps. 119: 133. 140: 
 5. Metaphorically Judg. 5 : 28 the 
 steps of his chariots. 
 
 3. a time or repetition of a thing, 
 
 "dicis una, liter, a step or blow. !3?D 
 
 nnN once. Josh. 6: 3, 11, 14. at once., 
 
 Is." 66: 8. Dual &';?3?.D twice. Gen. 
 
 27: 36. tD''73i^D 'iJibUJ three times, 
 
 CD'^^j'S} ^1733 how many times ? 1 K, 
 
 22: 16. tD^n'iJn t:5?D once and again, 
 
 semel et iterum, Neh. 13: 20. CD^Dtl 
 
 this time, Ex. 9: 27. 10: 17. now^ 
 
 Gen. 29 : 35. 46 : 30. tZJ^Da tZlS^SS 
 
 ' . * 
 
 this time as the other, as at other times, 
 
 Num. 24 : 1. Judg. 16 : 20. 1 Sam. 
 
 20: 25. tD^S . . . &"D sometimes . . . 
 
 sometimes, Prov. 7: 12. 
 
 4. an anvil, see the root signif no. 
 1. Is. 41: 7. 
 
 "ji^^^S m. verbal from tlS^D to strike.^ 
 
 dec. I. a bell. Ex. 28 : 33. 39: 
 25, 26. 
 ^l^^S' joined with i^B and ilSs (Job 
 
 ^ . .' : 
 
 16: 10.) to open wide the mouth, as 
 an expression of longing desire. Job 
 29: 23. Ps. 119: 131. or of ravenous 
 voracity, e. g. spoken of wild beasts, 
 Job 16: 10. of hades. Is. 5: 14. (Syr. 
 and Arab, idem.) 
 tlSE, fut. Ji::^3^ 1. to open (the mouth.) 
 
 Ezek. 2: 8. Is. 10: 14. Spoken e.g. 
 of wild animals, Ps. 22 : 14. of the 
 earth. Gen. 4: 1 1 . of men, as an ex- 
 pression of derision, construed with 
 b^*, Lam. 2 : 16. 3: 46. or to utter 
 foolish or rash speeches. Job 35: 16. 
 Judg. 11: 35, 36. Ps. 66: 13, 14. 
 
 2. to tear away, save, deliver. Ps. 
 144: 7, 10, 11. (So in Syr. Chald. 
 and Arab. /-Aai cOnj. II. IV.) 
 
536 
 
 nps 
 
 niSS 1. to break in pieces^ like the 
 Arab. ^lAai. See Pi. 
 
 2. to break mit into rejoicing, in 
 the phrase Ht^ n^D. Is. 14: 7. 44: 
 23. 49 : 13. "Also^ as in Ps. 98 : 4. 
 !|:2n iin^CS break out^ rejoice^ i. e. 
 break out into rejoicing. Is. 52: 9. 
 
 Pi. to break in pieces^ (bones.) Mic. 
 3:3. 
 jlT'iS f- bluntness^ obtuseness, dullness, 
 
 (in cutting instruments.) (Arab.J^^-*^^ 
 a blunt notched sword.) I Sam. 13: 
 21. 
 
 pSS found only in Pi. to pill. Gen. 30: 
 
 T 
 
 37, 38. (Comp. \k2.^ to pill ; 
 
 whence iriSZ an onion.) 
 niP^^S fem. plur. verbal from b^S, 
 
 places pilled. Gen. 30: 37. 
 t3I2S found only in Pi. to break, cleave, 
 
 (the earth.) Ps. 60 : 4. (Arab. 
 idein.) 
 ^'2,'B to wound, mutilate. Cant. 5: 7. 
 Deut. 23: 2 JlST ^^225 mutilated by 
 bruising, i. e. an eunuch made by 
 bruising the testicles. (In Arab, to 
 press, mash.) 
 
 V^lti m. with suff. "^^IZS, verbal from 
 5?:2, dec. VI. i. a wound, bruise, con- 
 tusion. Ex. 21: 25. Is. 1: 6. 
 
 "yiZ or ISE, fut. "I^S"), joined with 
 
 ^ 2 of the person, to press or urge any 
 one; with entreaties. Gen. 19 : 3. 
 33: 11. with violence, Gen. 19 : 9. 
 It is synonymous with n y-^2 q. v. 
 
 Hiph. to be wilful, obstinate, (per- 
 haps liter, to let onc''s self be urged, to 
 be deaf to the representations of oth- 
 ers.) 1 Sam. 15: 23 ^::iS?n (the infin. 
 used substantively,) stubbornness, wil- 
 fulness, parallel with "^^12. Accord- 
 ing, to Schultens (0pp. min. p. 168.) 
 the primary signification is obtundere ; 
 hence obtundere precibus, and Hiph. 
 obtundere animum, obtusura esse, per- 
 tinaciter agcre. 
 
 ^PS , fut. ^j^S*;. 1. to look on or after 
 
 a thing. 2 K. 9 : 34. Particularly 
 with a concern for it, prospicere ali- 
 cui rei, Jer. 23 : 2. Spoken fre- 
 quently of Jehovah, Ex. 3 : 16. 4: 
 31. 1 Sam. 2: 21. Ps. 106: 4. 
 
 2. to visit. Construed with 2, to 
 visit with a present, (comp. z no.' 2.) 
 Judg. 15: 1. 1 Sam. 17: 18 t^W nj 
 tDib"l?b 'IpSn thou shalt visit thy 
 brethren to inquire for their health. 
 (Comp. h anb-iJb bisd.) 
 
 3. to examine, prove. Ps. 17: 3. 
 
 4. to visit, punish, animadvertere in 
 aliquem. Job 31: 14. 35: 15. Is. 26:' 
 1 4. The crime punished is put in 
 the accus. 1 Sam. 15: 2. Ps. 89. 
 33. The person punished is gener- 
 ally preceded by ^2?, Jer. 9 : 24. 
 44: 13. also by bN, Jer. 46: 25. and 
 sometimes put in the accus. Ps. 59: 
 6. This verb is most frequently con- 
 strued with an accus. of the crime, 
 and with b^ of the person, as Ex. 
 20: 5 l=:'^:2~b5? niiiV lis? ipb visit- 
 ing the iniquity of the fathers upon 
 the children. 32 : 34. 34 : 7. Num. 
 14: 18. Is. 13: 11. Once with 2 of 
 the person, Jer. 9: 8. 
 
 5. to number, review, muster, (a peo- 
 ple, an army.) Num. 1: 44 ff. 3: 39 
 if. 1 K. 20: 15. Part. pass. t=l'^npB 
 the numbered or enrolled, qui in cen- 
 sum veniebant. Num. 1: 21 ff. 2*. 4 ff. 
 Ex. 30: 14. See Hothpa. and deriv. 
 
 6. to miss in reviewing. 1 Sam. 2(\- 
 6. 25: 15. Is. 34: 16. See Niph. 
 
 7. causat. to give the oversight, to 
 place a person over any thing; con- 
 strued with b^', Num. 4: 27. 27: 16. 
 with ni< (ni^ penes,) Gen. 40: 4. and 
 without cases,Num.3: 10. Deut. 20: 9. 
 Metaphorically Jer. 15:3. Part. pass. 
 tD'^lnpD overseers, oncers. Num. 31: 
 48. 2K'. 11: 15. (Comp. Niph. Hiph. 
 and T^p^.) 
 
 8. after the Chaldaic, to give com- 
 mission, to commission, to command, 
 construed with bS' of the person. 2 
 Chr. 36: 23. Ezra 1: 2. Job 36: 23 
 isn^ T^b^ ^I^^ ^12 who hath prescri- 
 bed to him his way? 34: 13 who has 
 
npB 537 npD 
 
 committed to him the earth ? i. e. set ni'^J^Stj n''z a house of custody^ a 
 
 him over it. Deri V. ^^pS a command. prison Jer, 52: 11. 
 
 9. to deposit, lay up. 2 K. 5 : 24. 7, substance, goods ; derived from 
 
 See "iin^'vS a deposit. signif. no. 4. (Comp. JlDMbT:, nt3>73, 
 
 Niph. 1. pass, of Kal no. 4. Is. 24: Vyr ^ ! 15- 4 
 
 22. . '" 
 
 2. pass, of no. 6. Num. 31: 49. V"^?^. - ^^^^^* ^^^"^ "^P^^' ^^^ ^ 
 
 3. pass, of no. 7. prcefici. Neh. 7: 1. /aid w/?, a deposit. Ge^. 41: 36. Lev. 
 Pi. to muster^ i. q. Kal no. 5. Once 5: 21, 23. 
 
 Is. 13: 4. , , ^. ri'l^pS f. denom. from nV53i" oj^<^^ 
 
 Pu. 1. <o &e numbered. Ex. 38: 21. * W *-^' '^^ ' 
 
 2. ^0 6e missed. Is. 38: 10 / am de- employment. Jer. 37: 13. 
 
 prived of the rest of my years, desid- '^IpS m. verbal from 'Ij^S. 
 
 '' HiptTi. qTal^^^^ to appoint. ^- ^^^^^/"J^^ ^^^ an allegorical 
 
 2 K 25- 23 Construed with "-y name of Babylon. Jer. 50: 21. 
 
 u- r< on r: ^1 fTr 2. oversis-ht, and as a concrete, 
 
 oz^er any thmg, Gen. 39: 5. 41: 34. . | ' 
 
 with ir, 1 K. 11: 28. Metaphorical- ** "l' ^ i^-"' ^^^'^' ^'^' ^'^ 
 
 ly Lev. 26: 16. S'^^^pD masc. plur. verbal from IjDD, 
 
 ^/on t ^n oo* ^rV^"" ^y/^^^- Jf ^- commands, precepts. Ps. 103 : 18. 
 36:20. Is. 10:28. Hence iocommiUo 111.7 
 
 a person: construed with "'T' >y, 2 ^^^l. ' ^ ^ r ^ 1 ttt 
 
 Chr. 12:10. with .- Ps." 31: 6. ^7-^. " ^'^^^^^ ^^^" ^R^, dec. IIL 
 with n^( (n5<) joenc^, "(like c/e/>onerc ; ^ overseer, officer. Gen. 41 : 34. 
 upud aliquem,) Jer. 40: 7. 41: 10. ^eh. 11: 9 22. Used of a mihtary^ 
 
 Hoph. ^^_^T^, part. iZl^lI^Cp. ffi^^^' 2 ^- 2^- 19- 
 
 l,tobe pukished. Jer. 6V6.' pass. npS to open; (l.) with Q^r?, <<> 
 of Kal no. 4. ojoen </ie eye*. 2 K. 4: 35. Job 27: 
 
 2. <o 6e appointed or je< oijer a 19. Construed with b?, <o ojoen one'* 
 thmg. 2 Chr. 34: 10, 12. ^y^^ ^^ ^ person, i. e. to be gracious 
 
 3. to be deposited with a person, ^^ him, Zech. 12: 4. Comp. under 
 construed with nfij (nw\.) Lev. 5: 23. y^, ^^^ 1. (5.) i ^ somewhat dif- 
 
 [6: 4.1 
 
 ferent sense, Job 14 : 3. To open 
 
 Hithpa. <o be numbered, reviewed. ^f^^ ^f ^ k^n ^f q^^ 
 
 Judg. 20: 15 17. 21: 9. j, ^, f,.) f^ j^^ ,1 l^t {^ ^ b,id ^^ 
 
 Hothpa.plur.5ip5nn,irfem.Num. 2 K. 6 : 17. Ps. 146 : 8. Is. 42: 7. 
 1: 47. 2: 33. 26: 62. 'l K. 20: 27. or (b.) to let a person see what ia 
 rr^pSD f- verbal from ^ps, dec. X. usually concealed from mortal eyes, 
 
 ''; .7 t\ iA 10 Gen. 21: 19.- (2.) with t:^3t, to 
 
 1. care, providence. Job 10: 12. ^ ^ '' 
 
 2. punishment. Is. 10 : 3. Plur. o/^^^ <^ ^*' Is. 42: 20. 
 
 Ezek. 9: 1. Niph. <o be opened, spoken of the 
 
 3. a counting, reckoning. 1 Chr. ^J^s of the blind. Is. 35: 5. Meta- 
 23. 1 1^ phorically as in Kal no. ^1.) (b.) Gen. 
 
 4. an office, business, service, i. q. *^- ^? ' 
 
 *l^UJ72, ni73UJ>:. Num. 4:16. Ps. Hj^S m. verbal adj. from npD, dec* 
 
 109: 8. VII. a. seeing, not blind. Ex. 4: 11. 
 
 5. as a concrete, an officer, and Metaphorically Ex. 23: 8. 
 
 collect, officers. 2 Chr 24 : 11 Is. ^^^ ^ deli;oefance,) Pe- 
 
 60: 17. Parall. Q"'u:aD.Comp. Num. * *.'- V \ J' ^i ^ ->) 
 
 g. 00 * * kah, the proper name of a king of 
 
 -watch. Comp. ^12X12, r\y2':ji2. 2 *^- ^^- f "* ^^- ^- '* ^ '""^* "^^^ ^ 
 
 K. 11 : 18. 2 Chr.la': 18." ' Hence '^l^HP-^. {deliverance of J chwjah) prop- 
 
 e8 ' * 
 
nns) 
 
 538 
 
 nnD 
 
 er name of a king of Israel, the pre- 
 decessor of the preceding. 2K. 15: 
 22 ff. 
 nip""nPS m- verhal from nS, de- 
 liverance from prison. Is.61: l.Comp. 
 nns Is. 14 : 17. It should be written 
 
 ~ T 
 
 as one word, Comp. Is. 2:20. Jer. 46: 
 20. 
 t-'^^'pS masc. plur. wild cucumbers^ as 
 
 an artificial ornament in architecture. 
 1 K.6:18. 7:24. 
 ni^pS fem. plur. 2 K. 4 : 39. wi'/tZ 
 
 cucumbers^ cucumeres asinini., oblong, 
 and of a bitter taste, by the Hebrews 
 esteemed poisonous. They break 
 open under the gentlest pressure, 
 and shoot out their seed ; hence 
 the root ypD in Syr. and Arab, to 
 crash^ to burst. 
 *^B and "nS m. (the latter form in 
 
 ~ T 
 
 pause and with the article, as "ncii, 
 ^52, -lEb,) plur. to''"12, dec. II. a. 
 and c. a bull, bullock., juvencus. 
 Hence the frequent addition -]2 
 -^pz, Ex. 29:1. Ps. 69: 32 ns ^W 
 
 It t" t 
 
 a beef which is a bullock. Comp. 
 Judg. 6: 25 ^i'^rt ^S a bullock. It 
 is once used in Judg. 6: 25, of a sev- 
 en years old bullock. See JT^S. 
 
 ^'^p, once ^0.^ (Jer. 2 : 24.) of the 
 
 common or epicene gender, (masc. 
 Fs. 104: 11. fem. Jer. 2: 24.) dec. VI. 
 a. the wild ass., onager., now chiefly 
 found in Tartary under the name of 
 hdan. Gen. 16: 12. Ps. 104: 11. Job 
 6: 5. 11: 12. 24 : 5. 39: 5. It is sy- 
 nonymous with 'li'^y. Arab, idem; 
 in Chald. ^5-JS to run. 
 i^'n^ i. q. tl*^3 to bear fruit. 
 
 T T 
 
 Hiph. N"'*}^^ intrans. to be fruitful. 
 
 Once Hos. 13: 15. Others make it 
 
 a denom. from N">D.. 
 n^ilS fem. plur. boughs.^ branches., 
 
 twigs. See HHi^S. 
 
 "ll:^"lBm. lChr."26: 18. and ^I'nD 
 
 dec. II. b. 2K. 23 : 11. a mburb. (In 
 Chald. idem.) 
 
 ^{^^ to separate. In Kal only Ezek 
 
 h\\. 
 
 Niph. 1. to separate one'^s self to 
 part. 2 Sam. 1: 23. Construed with 
 Tnfrom a person, Judg. 4 : 11. with 
 ^^72., Gen. 13:9 ff. 
 
 2. to be divided or dispersed. Neh. 
 4 : 13. [4 : 19.] Gen. 10 : 5, 32. 
 (Comp. Gen. 25: 23. and ysa Gen, 
 9:19) 
 
 3. Part. 'T^B5 a singular person. 
 Prov. 18: 1. 
 
 Pi. intrans. to separate one''s self 
 to go aside. Hos. 4: 14. 
 
 Pu. to be scattered., dispersed. Est. 
 3:8. 
 
 Hiph. 1. to separate] construed 
 with an accus. Gen. 30 : 40. with 
 rz, (liter, to make a separation be- 
 tween,) Ruth 1: 17. 2K. 2: 11. 
 
 2. to scatter, disperse. Deut. 32: 8. 
 
 Hithpa. 1. to be separated. Job 41: 
 9. [41: 17.] Ps. 22: 15. 
 
 2. to be scattered. Job 4: 11. 
 ^'nS m- with suif. ^^^^^^ dec. VI. h. 
 
 a mule. 2 Sam. 18: 9. 1 K. 1:33. 
 ni'inD fem. plur. grains, seed. Joel 
 
 1: 17. (Syr. f^Jt^ granum.) 
 D^IIS m. Cant. 4:13. Ecc. 2 : 5. 
 Neh. 2: 8. a garden of trees, a park 
 for animals, a word derived from the 
 Persian, in which it denotes the royal 
 park. Hence the Greek naQccditaog. 
 nns to be fruitful to bear fruit ; spo- 
 ken (1.) of plants, Ps. 128: 3. Is. 32: 
 12U:JI"1 rtns ^liJlt) a root bearing 
 poison. Is. 11: 1. D'lb "J 2 a fruitful 
 branch. Gen. 49: 22. (see ^z no. 8.) 
 Metaphorically Is. 45: 8. (2.) of an- 
 imals and men, Ex. 1 : 7. 23: 30. 
 ^:3")n Jins be fruitful and multiply. 
 
 Gen. i: 22.' 
 
 Hiph. fut.apoc. ^C^.!, to make fruit- 
 ful. Gen. 17: 6, 20. '41: 52. 48: 4. 
 Deriv. ""is. 
 rnS ^em. of ^B, dec. X. a young cow^ 
 
 a heifer. Num. IQ: 2 ff. Gen. 41: 2 
 ff. Spoken of a milch or breeding 
 cow, 1 Sam. 6: 7 ff. Job 21 : 10. of 
 
rnt) 
 
 539 
 
 nD 
 
 one that bears the yoke, Hos. 4: 16. 
 Metaphorically "J'^sn nils the cows 
 of Bashan^ i. e. the wanton women 
 of Samaria. 
 
 rriB see j^^-l.^.. 
 
 ^?11? ^ Chr. 3: 6. name of a coun- 
 try which furnished gold. Bochart 
 conjectures it without ground to be 
 the same with ^iDii^. 
 
 ni-|B see nSnSS.* 
 
 *^*T15 na. a pot, kettle. Num. 11:8- 
 
 Judg. 6: 19. In Arab. 1ND to boil. 
 nillD found only Is. 2: 20 ni^B-^bn, 
 
 for which, however, we ought prob- 
 ably to read nincnDn, according to 
 Jerome,moZe5. Those who make two 
 words of it collate the Arab. rXj 
 a mouse. 
 7 IS m. dec. IV. a. a leader. Hab. 3:14. 
 
 T r 
 
 In Arab. T^^D X^ to separate, decide, 
 
 appoint ; hence liter, i. q. UBt;. 
 
 ^iT"l IS idem. Judg. 5: 7. With suff. 
 
 I3ins verse 11. 
 t 
 
 niTiS plur. fem. liter, plains, Jlat 
 
 open country, in opposition to walled 
 cities in hilly country. Ezek. 38: 11. 
 Est. 9: 19 nit^isn 'n:? the cities of 
 the open country, in opposition to the 
 capital, verse 18. Zech. 2: 8 [2 : 4] 
 absque muro habitabitur Jerusalem. 
 Hence 
 
 '^T"lS m. denom. from riiT'12, an in- 
 habitant of the Jlat country. Est.9.19. 
 Deut 3: 5. 1 Sam 6: 18. 
 
 ''I'nS a gentile noun, a Perizzite, one 
 
 of the Canaanitish tribes driven out 
 by the Israelites, which according to 
 Josh. 11:3. 17: 15, 16. dwelt on the 
 mountains. Gen. 13: 7. 15: 20. Ex. 3: 
 8, 17. In Greek fl)SQi^a7og. Lat. 
 Pherezceus. 
 
 7T1S m. Chald. i. q. Heb. ^t-js iron. 
 *Dan. 2: 33 ff. 
 
 n") 1- to sprout, blossom. Num. 17: 
 20^ 23. [17 : 5,8.] Cant. 6 : 11. 
 
 Often used figuratively (l.) of 
 a prosperous person or people, 
 Ps. 92 : 8. Is. 27 : 6. (2.) Hos. 
 10: 4 therefore punishment shall spriiig 
 up as poison. 
 
 2. to break out, spoken of sores or 
 of the leprosy. Lev. 13: 12fr. 14:43. 
 Ex. 9: 9, 10. 
 
 3. prob. tojly, as in Chald. So in 
 the difficult passage Ezek. 13: 20. 
 (For the connexion of the ideas to 
 blossom and to fly, see y^^.) 
 
 Hiph. 1. to make to Nourish. Ezek. 
 17:24. 
 
 2. as in Kal, to flourish. Ps. 92:14. 
 Job 14: 9, 
 rriS m. with suflf. Tl^?:, verbal from 
 nnr, dec. VI. i. a blossom. Num. 17: 
 
 23. As an artificial ornament, Ex.25: 
 33. 
 
 nn*l2 m. verbal from tTlD, a brood, 
 
 used by way of reproach. Job 30:12. 
 
 t^lE found only Am. 6:5. prob. to 
 
 T 
 
 sing, according to the Vulg. 
 u^'^S ni. what is left behind or omitted, 
 in the vintage. Lev. 19 : 10. (Arab, 
 i:? ^ conj. II. IV. to leave behind, 
 
 toforget.) 
 ^^IS m. with suff. I'^'nD, '^^^.c, in 
 
 pause ^"ns, verbal from Jl'ns, dec 
 VLl. " 
 
 1 . fruit, either of trees or of the 
 ground. '*)S yy a fruit-tree. yiN 
 'ns a fruitful land, Ps. 107: 34.-13! 
 4 : 2 Vl^^J """IS q- J^i!^? tl73i in 
 the parallel clause, and referring to 
 the Messiah. 
 
 2. )t2^ ^D the fruit of the body. 
 Gen. 30: 2. Deut. 7 : 13. 28: 4. So 
 without It: 2, Lam. 2 : 20. Hence it 
 denotes posterity, Ps. 21: 11. 
 
 3. metaphorically the consequences 
 (of an action.) Often with the figure 
 continued. Is. 3: 10 for they shall eat 
 the fruit of their actions. Prov. 1: 31. 
 Hos. 10 : 13. Jer. 17: 10. Ps. 104: 
 13. Jer. 17: 10. Ps. 104: 13 through 
 the fruit of thy works, i. e. through 
 thy power, the earth is satisfied. 
 
t)ns) 
 
 540 
 
 3J^!S 
 
 Prov. 31: 16 d';?^ ''^5 an acquisition 1. the hoof{o{ a horse.) Is. 5: 28. 
 
 of the hands. Is. 10: 12 ii^. biJ "^^D Jer. 47: 3. 
 
 f^e /rwi< of arrogance, I e. ' what ^' J' 'P^\ f ^^/^ cloven foot. Ex. 10: 
 
 arises from arrogance. ^* '^^^**- H: 16. 
 
 Y^nS m. const, pns (Is. 35: 9.) plur. ^^.^P- ^^^^^'*- ^^h- 12 : 22. 
 
 I:'^:'^n5, const, "^^'^nc, mo/e?!^, raven- '^p").^^ Chald. emph. ^l^D^^S , idem, 
 
 ous. Is. 35: 9 nrn y*>^,D a raren- Dan. 6: 29. 
 
 ous beast. Ps. 17:4 ^"'12 nin^N <Ae [. jj-^t^ <o /eac^, commanci, (in war.) 
 
 ways of the violent. Root y^B no. 4. ~ "" 
 
 and 7. ~ ' Arab. P /-^ summum tenuit. Judg. 5: 
 
 ('rjlB no. rigour, tyranny, oppression. 2 bi<'lU)']2 ni2>*^S ?"I32 <W <^e 
 Ex. 1:13, 14. (In Syr. and Arab, to l^f^ders led {courageously) in Israel, 
 crush ; in Chald. also to break in ^^^^iv. niy-lS. 
 pieces.) II, ^"^S 1. to ma^e bare, e. g. the 
 
 head. Num. 5:18. Particularly by 
 shearing, Lev. 10: 6. 21: 10. Part. 
 y^HD made bare, uncovered. Lev. 13: 
 
 45. ' 
 
 ^. to set at liberty, to make lawless^ 
 e. g. a people. Ex. 32: 25. 
 
 3. to forsake, reject, (a way, coun- 
 sel.) Prov. 1: 25. 4 : 15. 8: 33. 13: 
 18. 15:32. 
 
 4. to rcmi< punishment. Ezek. 24 : 
 14. 
 
 Niph. pass, of Kal no. 2. Prov; 
 29: 18. 
 
 Hiph. 1, causat. of Kal no. 2. to 
 cause to be lawless or unbridled. 2 
 Chr.28:19. 
 
 2. to /e< res< (from labour,) con- 
 strued with ]73. Ex. 5: 4> (In Arab. 
 P /-^ conj. I. IV. to 66 free from la- 
 bour.) 
 
 necessitated to render, but he divid- p-)^ m. a lock or bush of hair. Num. 
 ci^ not the hoof entirely. ~ ' ^ ^ ^ 
 
 y^^^ . 7 D 6: 5. Ezek. 44:20. Rooty ns no. n. 
 
 012 rersia, the Persians, a proper ^.,^^ . ^ , ^ > "', i 
 
 ^ '^ Sli'lS , m Greek 0agccM, Pharaoh, 
 name. 2 Chr. 36: 20, 22. Ezra 4: 5 ff. 
 
 n^nS f. the curtain befween the 
 
 and the holy of holies, in the tent of 
 the congregation. Ex. 26: 31 ff. Lev. 
 16:2ff. Comp. perhaps the Arab. 
 
 p'lE) to separate. 
 
 I2'lp, fut. Qhc^, to tear or rend (gar- 
 ments.) Lev. 10: 6. 13: 45. 21: 10. 
 
 DiS <o 6reaA:, divide. ^ Dn!: D^D to 
 
 ireaA: o/ic'5 ireaci to a person. Is. 58: 
 7. and without CTi'^., Jer.l6:7. Comp. 
 
 tons no. n. 
 
 Hiph. (denom. from JlD^D 5/>/t< 
 hoof, a cloven foot,) to have a split 
 hoof, to part the hoof, for the most 
 part joined with mDhc. Lev. 11: 3, 
 6, 7, 26. Deut. 14:^7'. Ps. 69: 32. 
 In Lev. 11: 4, it is said of the camel 
 CIC^ 1-?."''^. rrO'lD^ which we are 
 
 6: 14. Dan. 5: 28. 6: 12, 28. 
 
 O'nS Chald. to divide. Dan. 5: 2528. 
 Part. pass. D^D verse 28. 
 
 ID'IE) found only Lev. 11 : 13. a spe- 
 cies of eagle,which Bochart (Hieroz. 
 II. p. 185.) supposes to be the sea-ea- 
 gle, ospray, ossifraga. 
 
 mD'^B f plur. ni and once t:""- 
 
 (Zech. 11:16.) verbal from Dn 52, dec. 
 XU. a. 
 
 the name of nearly all the kings of 
 Egypt, which are mentioned in the 
 Old Testament, strictly a mere title 
 of royalty. Gen. xl. xli. xlvii. Ex. 
 I. x. etc. The usual expression is, 
 Pharaoh king of Egypt, without the 
 mention of his particular name ; e.g. 
 
 1 K. 3:1. 2K. 17: 7. 18: 21. But 
 sometimes this is added, e. g. JYechoh, 
 
 2 K. 23 : 29. Hophra, Jer. 44: 30. 
 The appellative signification of the 
 word, according to Josephus, (An- 
 tiq. Jud. VIII. 6. 2.) and the Coptic, 
 
yns 
 
 541 
 
 pis 
 
 (see Jablonskii Opusc. ed. te Wa- 
 ter, T. I. p. 374.) is king. The He- 
 brew might associate it with n^3?"is 
 principes. See the following article. 
 ni3?"l5 masc. plvir. verbal from :>nD 
 
 no. I. dec. XII . a. nobles^ princes. 
 Dent. 32: 42. Judg. 5: 2. It has the 
 feminine termination, like n^nij fa- 
 thers. 
 
 ti^'n^ m. ajlea. 1 Sam. 24: 15. 
 "jin^^lS) proper name of a city in the 
 
 tribe of Ephraim. Judg. 12 : 15. In 
 Greek Oa^fu^wvi 1 Mace. 9 : 50. 
 The gentile noun is "'ahyns Judg. 
 12: 13, 15. 
 1"lS proper name of a small river, 
 
 which rises in Lebanon, and unites 
 with the Amana not far from Da- 
 mascus, nowFeg-e or Alfaige. 2K.5:12. 
 Y"lS^ ? ^ut. yhS*;. 1. to tear or break 
 
 forth. Gen. 38 : 29. Particularly to 
 break down (a wall,) Ecc. 3: 3. 10: 
 8. Neh. 1:3,5. Construed with 2, 2 
 K. 14: 13. n^^ns ^^:? a city with 
 walls torn down., Prov. 25: 28. 
 
 2. to scatter., (an army, the enemy.) 
 2 Sam. 5: 20. Ps. 60: 3. 1 Chr. 13: 2 
 let us scatter and send., i. e. let us send 
 every where. 
 
 3. intrans. to spread itself or in- 
 crease., spoken of a people. Gen. 28: 
 14. Ex. 1: 12. Hos.4:10 ^:.nt)1 N^^ 
 ajid they spread or increase not. Spok- 
 en of one's substance and flocks. Job 
 1: 10. Gen. 30: 30. Also of the per- 
 son, in reference to his substance. 
 Gen. 30: 43. 
 
 4. to break in. Mic. 2: 13. Job 28: 
 4 bn5 yns they break or lead in a 
 shaft.,\w reference to mining. Job 16: 
 14 "^ZX"!"^. he breaks in upon me. 
 Construed with 2, to break in or 
 cause an overthrow among a people, 
 Ex. 19: 22, 24. 2 Sam. 6: 8. 1 Chr. 
 15: 13. Also spoken of the overthrow 
 itself, Ps. 106: 29. 
 
 5. to urge with entreaties., constru- 
 ed with 2. iSam. 28:23. 2Sam.l3: 
 25, 27. 
 
 6. to overflow.^ to abound in a thing, 
 
 (derived from signifno.3.) construed 
 with an accus, (like verbs of plenty 
 generally.) Prov. 3: 10. 
 
 7. to act with violence., (from sig- 
 nif. no. 4.) Hos. 4: 2. See V^")2. 
 
 Niph. pass, of no. 3. 1 Sam. 3 : 1 
 y"jD: "'wX not spread abroad., rare. 
 
 Pu. pass, of Kal no. 1. Neh.l:3. 
 
 Hitbpa. to break away. 1 Sam. 25 : 
 10. 
 Y^S m. plur. 0% (Am. 4:3.) and 
 
 nV (Ezek. 13: 5.) verbal from yiS, 
 dec. VI. h. 
 
 1. a gap, breach., in a wall. 1 K.l I: 
 27. Am. 4: 3. Job 30 : 14 they come 
 {upon rne) as through a wide breach. 
 Vulg. quasi rupto muro. y"1v.? T?^ 
 to stand in the breach, a figure taken 
 from sieges, Ezek. 22: 30. (comp.13: 
 5.) Ps. 106. 23. 
 
 2. a breaking out (of water.) 2 
 Sam. 5: 20. 
 
 3. a breaking in, an attack. Job 
 16: 14. 
 
 4. an overthrozv. Judg. 21: 15. Ps. 
 144: 14. Hence t^Ti; yy^, {over- 
 throw of Uzzah) the name of a place, 
 2 Sam. 6: 8. 1 Chr. 13:11. 
 
 pis 1. to break off, construed with 
 
 >/. Gen. 27: 40. Ex. 32: 2. 
 
 2. to tear in pieces, spoken of a 
 wild animal. Ps. 7: 3. 
 
 3. to snatch away, to deliver, i. q. 
 b'^I^n. Ps. 136: 24. Lam. 5: 8. 
 
 Pi. 1. to rend or tear in pieces. I 
 K. 19: 11. 
 
 2. to tear off. Zech. 11:16 ^il'^D^B 
 p^lsD*^ he tears off their claws, i. e. 
 lets them alone. 
 
 Hithpa. 1 . to be broken in pieces. 
 Ezek. 19: 12. 
 
 2. to break off from oner's self sibi 
 avellere. Ex. 32: 3, 24. See Gr. 
 80. 3. f. 
 pIB Chald. to redeem, expiate. Dan. 
 
 4: 24. [4: 27.] 
 p'nS, const, p'^^, Is. 65: 4 Keth. i. q. 
 Keri pnTS broth, by a commutation 
 of D and 12. See the fetter ^, 
 p'nS ni. verbal from pns. 
 
 * *1. violence, robbery. Nah. 3: 1. 
 
iCnS - 542 rft5S 
 
 5. a cross-zmy. Obad. 14. eques for equus^ cui quis inequitatur, 
 
 1"l see the kindred "l^S. See Bocharti Hieroz. T. I. p. 35. ed. 
 
 ." " . Lips.) Is. 28: 28. Hab. 1: 8. Hence 
 
 I. 'CliS, fut. U;'^^'], <o irjtjreacZ or stretch Is. 21: 7, 9. 2 Sam. 1:6. D^UJnBM ""^i'S 
 
 out, e. g. a garment, Num. 4 : 6, 8. .^^^^^e^- 
 
 the hands, construed with !:N, Ex. '^^^. ^' with suff. Tw^lc, dec. VI. h. 
 
 9: 29, 33. with ^^, Lam. 1: lol with ^Uh^ dung. Lev. 4:11.8: 17. Ex. 
 
 \^ Ps. 44: 21. In a different sense gg. 14 i^^} g: 3. 
 
 Prov. 31 : 20 she stretcheth ovt her b-.-^t^ ^ /' -^u * rr t \ 
 
 hand to the needy, i. e. she gives to ' "?1? '^^ ('"' '""> '^'"^'^ ?") 
 
 them liberally. Metaphorically Prov. verbal from UJ'nS, dec. X. declara- 
 
 13:16 the fool spreadeth out folly, prcB tion, specification. Est. 4: 7. 10: 2. 
 
 ^e/cri stultitiam. piDlS m. Heb. and Chald. a copy, 
 
 Niph. ^ 6e spread abroad or 5ca^ -"t;" - . ^ . ^ ,, ^ ^ / * , 
 
 icrc./. Ezek. 17: 21. See Pi. no. 2. ?^^,^ 4:11, 23. 5 : 6. 7: 11. (Also 
 
 Pi. i!:ns 1. as in Kal, to spread '" ^^^ Targums.) Instead of it we 
 
 out (the "hands.) Ps. 143: 6. Is. 1: tmd jr^ns Est. 3: 14. 4: 8. 
 
 15. 65: 2. Construed with 2, Lam. "JI'I^IS or nD1'li2I)l found only 
 
 ^' 2!'io scatter. Ps. 68: 15. Zech. \''^^' ^'' ^^' Recording to the Chal- 
 
 2: 10. Comp. Niph. "^""^ version, dung, (1. q. 'iJ^s,) hence 
 
 Deriv. iLn!:^. i^^^^'P^ll ^^r.!! ^'*^ ^^^ ^"^o cawie 
 
 II. t:")D i. q.' DID to break, divide in ^ /^^m /mn. ^ On the contrary the 
 
 Sept. Vatic, xai tt.rild^tv \ A(aO) ti]v 
 
 pieces. Mic. 3: 3. Lam. 4: 4. nQoarada. So Kimchi. Could we 
 
 ^")S 1- liter, to separate, distinguish. refer N^C^T to the sword, (comp. 
 
 (So in Chald. and Syr. whence U:nn5, ?^^^ ^ ^'^^r \^^" '^ f^^^ \^ ''^"; 
 
 Pi ' dered, mid it {the sword) went through 
 
 l^^fSi a Pharisee.) his bones. Comp. Arab. iJsXijJ to 
 
 2. to decide, determine, explain, spread out the feet. ^ 
 
 (Comp. np: no. 2.) Lev. 24: 12. ^ -^^ 
 
 Niph. t7be scattered. Ezek. 34 : ^1^- ^ qnadriliteral, 1. q. ::1S to 
 
 12. Several MSS. and ancient edi- spread. Once Job 26: 9. The T ari- 
 
 tions read this word with Sin, which ses from the combination of '^b-^iD 
 
 is to be preferred with 7^2 Arab. A -i ^0 separate, 
 
 u.x>SiSS. to be determined,explained, ^ f 
 
 made clear. Num. 15: 34. Neh. 8: 8 spread mt ; comp. "JIT^^S a plain. 
 
 "^^^12 exactly or literally. Comp. H'HS Euphrates, a proper name, Gen. 
 
 Ezra 4: 18. and Gesenius' Gesch. 2:* 14. 15: 18. Deut. 1 : 7. This 
 
 <ler hebr. Sprache, p. 45. river, not Ephrata, is without doubt 
 
 Hiph. to wound, sting. Prov. intended Jer. 13: 4 7. 
 
 ,^!.^J ^ru ^^ '^ p . P ^'^^ ^' ^^^"- 49= 22. see HIS. 
 
 t^nSD Chald. 2cZem. Part. pass. Pa. - ^ , .''",, 
 
 -: , ,. C^/OniS masc. ^luT. princes^ nobles ; 
 
 Ezra 4: 18 u;nD?3 exactly or literally. : : - _ 
 
 Syr. /^e/;^cr. " ' ' ^^"^ the Persians Est. 1 : 3 6:9. 
 
 :J^ / -.1 .u i2 . rr . among the Jews, Dan. 1 : 3. A Per- 
 
 J-Ji^m. (with the first Kamets im- gi^n word, comp. in Pehlvi, /^arciom 
 
 pure,) once U;*,s (Ezek. 26 : 10.) (the first,) and in Parsee, pardomim 
 
 plur D^":;-\f^ dec! I. (the nobles.) Kleuker's Zend-Aves- 
 
 1. ftor;;m. Gen. 50: 9. Ex. 14: .', Th. 2. p. 82. Th. 3. p. 162. 
 
 5 / ntSS ^0 spread, spoken of the lepro- 
 
 9, 17. (Arab. (J^f^.) s^.^Lev. 13: 5 if. (Arab. l;:ii, Aram. 
 
 ?. a /lor^e, which is rode, (like NDS tdcm.j 
 
D123D 
 
 543 
 
 XID 
 
 (3.) with an accus. of the person. 
 Hos. 2: 3. [2: 5.] 
 
 2. tojlay cattle. (Comp. IVIic. 3 : 
 3. above.) Lev. 1: 6. 2 Chr. 29: 34. 
 35: 11. 
 
 Hithpa. to strip one^s self^ sibi exut- 
 ^ ere aliquid. 1 Sam. 18: 4. 
 
 |.1LS to spreadamnder, to open -widely, ^^^ j^ ^^^^^^ away.revolt, rebel; con- 
 e. g. the lips. Prov. 13: 3. 
 
 Pi. to spread asunder, to open wide- 
 
 5?toS <o go, construed with 2 against a 
 
 thing. Is. 27 : 4. (Aram. 2?D5 idem.) 
 Deriv. out of course J-55?t}D72." 
 
 3?'ipS m. verbal from S^tJD, a step. 1 
 
 Sam. 20: 3. 
 
 ly, e. g. the feet. Ezek. 16: 25. 
 t235 m. a multitude. Job 35:15. See \a>i3 
 
 no. II. As to the form it is derived 
 from uj'^jc. 
 nCS found only in Pi. to tear in pie- 
 ces, to lacerate. Lam. 3: 11. (So in 
 Aram.) 
 
 *l^n'i23S proper name of a priest and 
 
 chief overseer of the temple in the 
 time of Jeremiah, Jer.20:3. 38:1. In 
 
 strued with 2 Jrom or against any 
 one, 2 K. 1: f. 3: 5, 7. with nnn^, 
 2K. 8:20, 22. 
 
 2. particularly to rebel against God, 
 to apostatize from him, to sin against 
 him. 1 K. 8 : 50. Is. 1 : 2. Jer. 2: 
 29. Construed with ^y, Hos. 8: 1. 
 Hence 
 
 3. to sin, to transgress. Prov. 28: 
 21. Part. D'^>'vl;5 sinners, transgressors. 
 Is. 1: 28. 46: 8. 
 
 Niph. Prov. 18: 19 r^D3 HfiJ a 
 brother offended. 
 
 the former passage there is an allu- T^^ m. with suff. -rrs, verbal from 
 sion to the signification of the name, " * ' * 
 
 prob. prosperity round about ; (this 
 
 quadriliteral being compounded of 
 niDD in Arab, to be wide, spacious, 
 and lino round about.) Antith. ^i^J2 
 2'^2&7:. ' '^ 
 
 ~ T 
 
 1. to put off, construed with an ac- 
 
 i^uis, dec. VI. i. 
 
 1. revolt, sedition. Prov. 28: 2. 
 
 2. sin, transgression, crime. Gen. 
 31 :36. 50: 17. Job 33 : 9. 34 : 6, 
 37, Ps, 32: 1. Perhaps stronger 
 than ntJtan, comp. Job 34: 37. 
 
 3. punishment for sin. Dan. 9: 24. 
 
 4. a sin-offering. Mic. 6: 7. 
 
 cus. of the garment, (like '^2b to jmt ^tD5 Chald. to interpret, explain^ 
 on.) Lev. 6 : 4. 16: 23. Is. 32 : 1 1 }.' v,^ ^ , ' 
 
 2. to piLlase, plunder, faU on. (m i^m,:i 1 .m, , , 
 
 order to plunder,) e. g. a city, coun- ^^^ '^' ^"^P^" ^^^1?"' ^^^^^' ^ ^''^'- 
 try ; construed with 2, 2 Chr. 25: planation^ interpretation. Dan. 2: 4 
 13. 28: 18. with an accus, 1 Sam. if. 4: 4 if. 
 
 30: 14. with bN, 1 Sam. 27: 8. with '-^^^ m, i. q, Chald. ^^Z. Ecc. 8- 1. 
 ir?, Judg. 9: 33. -. ^ 
 
 3. to spread one'^s self out, spoken nin'JDS Hos, 2: 7, 11. plur. DTi'v^S. 
 of a hostile army. 1 Chr. 14: 9, 13. 
 
 Trop. Nah. 3: 16. 
 
 Pi. to strip or plunder, (the 
 slain.) 1 Sam. 31: 8. 2 Sam. 23: 10. 
 1 Chr. 10: 8. 
 
 Hiph. 1. to cause to put off, to strip 
 a person. 'Construed (l.) with a 
 double accus. of the person and thing. 
 
 Num. 20: 26, 28, Gen, 37: 23. (2.) nD^S f 1. i. q. T^rr^^. Ex, 9: 31. 
 with an accus. of the thing stripped 
 off. 1 Sam. 31: 9. Job 22: 6. And 
 that with ^^73 of the person. Job 19: 
 9. Mic. 3:~3" with ):V-i72, Mic. 2: 8. H? f- with suff. "^rs, plur. D\nD, ver 
 
 1. flax, linen. Lev. 13: 47. Jer. 
 13: 1. 
 
 2. yiJ^T -n;^S cotton. Josh. 2: 6. 
 This is frequently cultivated at the 
 present day in Palestine. Others 
 make it i. q. fi'^nvlJD '^:zv the woody 
 i. e. the stalks, of flax. 
 
 2. a light, lamp, from its linen or 
 cotton wick. Is. 42i 3. 43: 17. 
 
1 1 
 
 DD 
 
 544 
 
 nns: 
 
 bal from nns, dec. VIII. f. a piece^ 
 crumby morsel, (of bread.) Gen. 18: 
 5. Judg. 19: 5. Also without dnb, 
 Job 31: 17. Ps. 147: 17. 
 nS m. with suff. 'jrsns. 
 
 'Ljmdendum muliebre.ls.3:ll .{Arah. 
 5 o / 
 
 O^ interstitium.) 
 
 2. plur. rinb, </ie ^iw^e o/" a c?oor, 
 
 or rather the hole in which the hinge 
 
 moves, cardo femina. 1 K. 7: 50. 
 
 D'^i^riS plur. of "ins? q. V. 
 
 S j<nB adv. (from 5?nD, with an adver- 
 bial termination D,as in DTDblp, and by 
 a commutation of fi< and 5?, see page 
 1.) in a moment, suddenly. Josh. 10: 
 9. Job 22: 10. Also DNnDz 2 Chr. 
 29: 36. In combination with ync, 
 ciine ^-n52 Num. 6: 9. DNns ^-np.^ 
 Is. 29: 5. arid yns':^ CNHD Is! 30: is'. 
 Used as a substantive in the genitive, 
 Prov. 3 : 25 DNnc nriD mdden ter- 
 rour. 
 
 3SnS Heb. and Chald. Dan. 1: 5, 8, 
 
 13, 15. 11 : 26. costly food, delica 
 cies, from the royal table. 
 
 (^;r~^^ dainties, pastry-work. Per- 
 haps liter, food of the gods, from the 
 
 Vnsi!) ^inb the babbler, whose mouth 
 is always open. See Hiph. 
 
 2. to be open-hearted, susceptible of 
 impressions ; hence to be easily enti- 
 ced or seduced. (Arab, to be yming, 
 open-hearted, ingenuous.) Deut. 1 1 : 
 16 D^anb !ir!2^-]S lest your heart 
 be enticed. Job 31: 27. Part. Jins sim- 
 ple, easily seduced, i. q. "TiD, Job 5: 2. 
 Fem. Hos. 7: 11. 
 
 Niph. to be persuaded, in a good 
 sense, Jer. 20 : 7. to be enticed to a 
 thing, construed with b^', Job 31: 9. 
 
 Pi. 1. to persuade. Jer. 20:7. Par- 
 ticularly to something injurious, 1 
 K. 22: 20 ff. to reveal a secret, Judg. 
 14:15. 16:5. 2 Sam. 3: 25. 
 
 2. to entice, seduce. Ex.22: 15. 
 Prov. 1: 10. 16: 29. 
 
 3. to dissemble in any way. Ps. 78: 
 36. Prov. 24 : 28 '^^'55t;n nT^cri 
 
 wouldest thou dissemble with lips ? i.e. 
 thou shouldest not etc. 
 
 Pu. to be persuaded, Prov. 25: 15. 
 to be enticed, allured, Ezek.l4:9. Jer, 
 20: 10. 
 
 Hiph. to maJce wide, to enlarge. 
 Fut. apoc. n^:;, Gen. 9: 27. 
 Syr. n*linS m. verbal from nns Pi. no. 5. 
 
 dec. I. a graving, graven work. 2 
 Chr. 2: 13. Zech. 3: 9. More fre- 
 
 ^ - quently in the plur. D'^ninD Ex. 28: 
 
 Pers. ^:> (hot) an idol, (comp. 11,21,36.39:6. 
 Chald. nsnc idolum,) and oG also llflE^ proper name of a place inMes- 
 ,\.J {hag) food. 
 
 u^r^ij Chald. emph. N^^.nns. 
 
 1. a word. Dan. 3: 16. 
 
 2. an order, edict. Ezra 4: 17. 
 
 3. a letter, epistle, loyog. Ezra 
 5: 7. 
 
 4. a matter, thing. Ezra 6 : 11. 
 Dan. 4: 14. 
 
 Note. This word has the same 
 meaning in Syriac ; but it is proba- 
 bly of Persian origin ; comp. the 
 Pers. peigham (a word^ in Pehlvi 
 pedam, 
 
 lUMlS in later Hebrew, an edict, sen- 
 tence. Est. 1: 20. Ecc. 8: 11. 
 nnS 1. to be open, wide. Prov. 20: 19. 
 
 opotamia, on the Euphrates, the res- 
 idence of Balaam. Num. 22: 5. 23:7, 
 Deut. 23: 5. 
 
 ninS i- q. ns a piece. Ezek. 13: 19. 
 
 Root nns. 
 
 T 
 
 nPS 1- to open; e. g. the mouthy 
 
 Ps. 39: 10. the hand, i. e. to be liber- 
 al, construed with b. of the person, 
 Deut. 15: 8, 11. the' ear, i.e. to in- 
 struct. Is. 50: 5. (comp. 48: 8.) Am.- 
 8: 5 *^5 i^nnc: that we may open 
 (and sell) ihe grain. 
 
 2. ta draw (the sword.) Ps. 37:14. 
 Ezek. 21: 33. 
 
 3. to open, 'disclose, utter, ore pro- 
 ferre. Ps. 49: 5 / will utter my song 
 
 on the harp. Comp. nns. 
 
nD 
 
 545 
 
 nns) 
 
 4. to let loose^ dismiss^ set free^ (a 
 prisoner.) Is. 14: 17. 
 
 Niph. 1. to be opened or open. E- 
 zek. 1: 1. 
 
 2. to be loosed. Is. 5: 27. 
 
 3. io fee let loose^ to be set at liberty. 
 Job 12: 14. Comp. Jer. 1: 14. 
 
 Pi. 1. to open^ as in Kal.- Job 41: 
 6. [41:14.] 
 
 2. to loosen^ to unbind ; e. g. fet- 
 ters, Job 30: 11. 38: 31. 39: 5. Ps. 
 116:16. a girdle, Ps. 30: 12. Is. 20:2. 
 Part. nnDXD one who loosens his girdle^ 
 i. e. returns from the battle, 1 K. 20: 
 11. Construed also with an accus. 
 of the person unfettered.^ Jer. 40: 4. 
 or ungirded.^ Is. 45: 1. 
 
 3. in trans, to open itself. Cant.7:13. 
 Is. 48: 8. 
 
 4. to plough^ furrow.^ terram aper- 
 ire. Is. 28: 24. 
 
 5. to engrave.^ sculpere ; e. g. on 
 wood, 1 K. 7: 36. on precious stones, 
 Ex. 28 : 36. To hew or cut stones 
 in any way, Zech. 3 : 9. (See 
 cnins.) 
 
 Pu. pass, of Pi. no. 5. Ex. 39: 6. 
 Hithpa. to loose from one^s self. Is. 
 52:2. 
 
 nrS Chald. to open. Dan. 6:11. 7: 
 
 10.* 
 nrS, m. with suff. ''nn?,plur. D'^nnD, 
 
 const. '*T^r)^') dec. VI. i. 
 
 1 . a door. tinCa and as an accus. 
 nns before or at the door,Gen. 18:1,10. 
 19": 11. Job 31: 34. So nnnsn Gen. 
 19:6. '"" 
 
 2. a gate. Is. 3 : 26. ^ri3 nns at 
 the entrance ofthegate^ Josh. 20: 4. 
 Judg.9:35. comp. Prov. 1:21. Meta- 
 phorically Tj^'Q "^nriS the doors of thy 
 mouth.) Prov. 8: 34. 
 
 nnlS M. verbal from HnB, 4he open- 
 ing or insight imparted by any thing. 
 Ps. 119: 130. (In Syr. Aph. to enlight- 
 en., to give insight. In Arab. conj. X. 
 to explain.) 
 
 VinriS m. const. I'lnns, verbal from 
 
 J T ' 
 
 no B , dec. III. d. an openings joined 
 with tlS. Ezek. 16:63. ^9:21. 
 *rS m.. in pailse %n2, plur. S'^^ns 
 
 6d" 
 
 and D'^iins, verbal from tins , dec: 
 
 VI. 1. 
 
 1. simple., inexperienced., Wter. open 
 to every impression., easily seduced. 
 (See nns.) Prov. 7: 7. 22:3. 27: 12. 
 Used particularly of credulity, Prov. 
 14: 15. ofinnocency, Ps. 116: 6. 
 
 2. as an abstract, simplicity., folly. 
 Prov. 1:22. 
 
 ^r\t) m. Chald. with suflf. n;;n3, width., 
 breadth* Dan. 3: 1. Ezra 6: 3. 
 
 n'^'^nS f- verbal from nn2, simplici- 
 ty ; as a concrete, simple. Prov. 9: 
 13. 
 
 ^^ji'^nS found only Is. 3: 24. a girdle 
 
 for females., according to Symm. and 
 Jerome, a stomacher., strophium. The 
 compQsition of this word is doubtful. 
 Perhaps from "^ns wideness., or :;ns 
 in Chald. linen., and b'^ij, comp. iXbin. 
 pallium^ stola. 
 
 niriTlS fem. plur. drawn swords. P^. 
 
 55: 22.' See nne no. 2. 
 7*in^ m. verbal from bns, dec. III. a. 
 
 a thread., string., cord. Num. 19: 15. 
 Judg. 16:9. Used of the cord by 
 which the Orientalist suspends his 
 seal-ring, (see Dnin,) Gen. 38: 18, 
 25. 
 7ini in Kal not usqd. (Arab, to twist., 
 
 ~ T 
 
 to spin.) 
 
 Niph. 1 . to wrestle., to struggle^ Gen. 
 30: 8. D^riv. D'^^^nc:. 
 
 2. to be perverted., fake, deceitful. 
 Prov. 8:8. Job 5: 1.3. 
 
 Hithpa. to shew one^s self false. Ps. 
 18:27. In the parallel passage 2 
 Sam. 22: 27. is bBnn, which appears 
 to be a corruption of bri?nn, 
 
 Deriv. out of course b'T^s. 
 ^ripPS verbal from bns, crooked^ 
 perverse., false. Deut. 32: 5. 
 
 SrD proper name of an ElgypUan city, 
 mentioned only Ex. 1: 11. In Herod. 
 II. 158. called JTwroujwo?, by the A- 
 rabians in later times Fijum., Fajum, 
 which is also applied to the prov- 
 ince\ 
 
546 
 
 E^ypt. Is. 11: 11. Jer. 44:1, 15. E- 
 zek. 29:14. 30: 14. Sept. nu^ovgn?, 
 i. e. in Coptic, the south land^ per- 
 haps for Thebais or Upper Egypt, 
 Here was anciently a district called 
 JVomos Phaturites. Plin. H. N. v. 9. 
 The inhabitants of this country are 
 called D"'p':^ns Gen. 10 : 14. See 
 Jablonskii Opusc. ed. te Water, T. I. 
 p. 198. and J. D Michaelis Spicileg. 
 Geogr. Hebrseorum exter. T. I. p. 
 
 "^riE, fut. 'nnS'^, to interpret^ explain^ ^^^ ^'^'** 
 
 (dreams.) Gen. 40: 8 if. Chald. 'ntJS. 1?.'?^^ "" ''''^^' '^^ l?.?!^- 
 
 ]'"\ir\B m. verbal from 'ir.s, dec. X. ^^Tp to break. Lev. 2: 6. Deriv. DB, 
 an interpretation. Gen. 40: 5, 8, 12. riinw 
 
 DinnS proper name of a country in ' 
 
 *\Tt'B HI. plur. b"":!-) , dec. VI. a. an 
 
 adder y?L species of poisonous serpent. 
 Is. 11:8. Ps. 58:5. 91 : 13. (Arab. 
 {>jii according to Forskiil coluber bd- 
 idn.) 
 ,2?inE m. a moment. Hence as an adv. 
 
 i. in a moment^ suddenly. Prov. 6: 
 15. 29: 1. Comp. Db^ns. 
 
 2. unintentionally^ undesignedly. 
 Num. 35: 22. 
 
 Tsade, the 18th letter of the al- 
 phabet, and as a numerical sign de- 
 noting 90. 
 
 To the Hebrew Tsade correspond 
 two letters in Arabic, namely, (jo 
 Tsad or Zad^ in which the sound of 
 s prevails, and (jo i^ad, in which the 
 sound of d is more distinctly heard ; 
 besides the Arabic Jo Da^ which in 
 pronunciation does not differ from the 
 latter. This dijfference of pronunci- 
 ation probably existed likewise in 
 Hebrew, although it was not regard- 
 ed in writing ; hence the same root 
 in Hebrew has different significations, 
 according as the corresponding let- 
 ter in Arabic is {^j^ or (jo or Jp. 
 
 This letter is interchanged (1.) 
 with D, particularly in Aramean. In 
 Heb. comp. '^'^2 and 1t3- to watch^ 
 guard; ^^TjU to be pmre and IHiE <o 
 he clear ; ^^12 to press in., to sink., and 
 ^"5^ to dip in., to eolour. (2.) by mak- 
 ing the sound of s more audible, with 
 ir, D and T, e. g. yby and OV:^ to re- 
 
 joice; yna and DM to tear down ; 
 
 pnU;andpni2 to deride. Comp. T, p. 
 
 182. (3.) with y, see above p. 471. 
 
 ni^!!S f. (with Tseri impure) dec. X. 
 
 dung.f flth^ excrement. Ezek. 4: 12. 
 Deut. 23: 14. Prob. for rrJ^l?.':, from 
 N^; ej'erri, comp. ttlSilQ, ii2, ni^iiS. 
 tJi'^i^:^ m. Job 40 : 21, 22. shady bush- 
 es^ prob. an Aramean form for cVbli. 
 So ^579 Aram. ^w^t3, DD^ Aram. Dji, 
 comp. also in Heb. D^7i no. II. It 
 is thus rendered by the Vulg. Syr. 
 Kimchi and Aben Ezra. 
 
 l&^jSi f. (as an epicene noun applied 
 also in the feminine gender to male 
 animals. Gen. 31 : 10. though it is 
 sometimes construed as masc.) a col- 
 lective noun denoting small cattle^ 
 i. e. sheep and goats, (the fii^la of 
 Homer,) particularly sheep. Gen. 27: 
 9. Lev. 1: 10. 22: 21. The corres- 
 ponding nomen unitatis, or noun ex- 
 pressing an individual, is JlilJ, hence 
 Ex. 21: 37 [22 : I] if a man steal a 
 
^Tl 
 
 547 
 
 jsns 
 
 head of small cattle (flip,) theii he 
 shall restore 4 head of small cattle 
 (]*<22Jl i-'s-^N.) Ezek. 45: 15. Some- 
 times goats are separately mention- 
 ed, and then ]{<: denotes sheep, 1 
 Sam. 25: 2. (So in Arab.) 
 jSNl^ a proper name, Mic. 1: 11. 
 prob. i. q. iJiS Josh. 15: 37. a city 
 in the tribe of Judah. As an appel- 
 lative it would signify the place of 
 flocks. 
 
 tl^i^'^^'2. masc. plur. const. "^M-, ver- 
 bal from N^*, dec. I. 
 
 1. productions (of the earth.) Is. 
 34: 1. 42: 5. Job 31: 8. 
 
 2. metaphorically children, off- 
 spring. Is. 22: 24. 65 : 23. 61 : 9. 
 Job 5: 25. 21 : 8. 27 : 14. More in 
 full ^"^^73 ^NiLwNli: the offspring of thy 
 bowels, Is. 48: 19. 
 
 Tl m. dec. VIII. a. 
 
 1. a kind of chariot or litter. Plur. 
 D*'2^ Is. 66 : 20. Sept. lafmrivn. 
 JNTum. 7: 3 ail^-n^^y. Sept. d^ialat 
 Xafinrivi^at. Vulg. plaustra tecta, 
 
 comp. the Arab. ^^^^^ conj. II. to 
 cover, 
 
 2. >; 
 
 2. a species of lizard, (Arab. Sw^ao.) 
 Lev. 11: 29. Bocharti Hieroz. I. p. 
 10441063. 
 
 JSDS 1. to go forth OT march out to -war, 
 
 to carry on -war. Num. 31 : 42. Is. 
 31: 4. Construed with ^^ against a 
 person, Num. 31 : 7. 18729 : 7, 8. 
 
 (Arab. W-*^ idem.) 
 
 2. ^0 go ybr/^A ^0 the service of the 
 temple, a kind of militia sacra. Num. 
 4: 23. 8: 24. 1 Sam. 2: 22. 
 
 Hiph. liter, to lead out to war. 2 K. 
 26: 19. Jer. 52: 25. 
 i^^jS m. plur. niJiSit, verbal from 
 
 -r T ' 
 
 ^ISiT, dec. IV. g. 
 
 1 . a host, particularly a military 
 host, an army. MllSCtl lip the gener- 
 al of the host. Gen. 21 : 22. ''lliSN 
 Ml3:Jl the soldiers, warriors^ Num. 
 31: 53. NSitS N5- Deut. 24 ; 5. 
 
 i^^^\ Num. 31: 27, 28. usually Nii^ 
 i<n2 Num. 1: 3 ff. to go to the host, 
 to go forth to war. Spoken also of 
 the body of Levites who go forth to 
 the service of the temple, Num. 4: 
 23, 35, 39, 43. 
 
 2. CVri^ri N:2i the host of heaveih, 
 denoting (l.) the host of angels, which 
 surround the throne of Jehovah. 1 
 K. 22: 19. 2 Chr. 18: 18. Ps. 103: 
 21. 148: 2. Hence Josh. 5: 14, 15 
 Tl'ir:'! i^^^ *^p the prince of God's 
 host. Comp. Luke 2:13. (2.) the stars,. 
 Jer. 33: 22. Is. 40: 26. for the most 
 part as an object of idolatrous wor- 
 ship, Deut 4: 19. 17: 3. 2 K. 17: 
 16. 21 : 3, 5. Sometimes only the 
 sun and moon (Deut. 17:3. Jer. 8: 
 2.) and sometimes the stars also 
 (Deut. 4: 19. Dan. 8: 10.) are sepa- 
 rately mentioned. It appears then 
 that this expression embraced every 
 thing in heaven, both angels and 
 heavenly bodies. Comp. Job 38: 7. 
 Dan. 4: 32. Hence (3.) ni^?3^ &<ni 
 the powers on high, Is. 24: 21. in op- 
 position to the kings of the earth. 
 Comp. Is. 34: 4. 45: 12. Ps. 33: 6. 
 In one passage Gen. 2: 1, fi^ix is ap- 
 plied to the earth, whatever is on the 
 earth, (i. q. fi<b^,) by a zeugma, 
 which is resolved Neh. 9: 6. Hence 
 niNi^i "^JiV^, and more frequently 
 nii^a^i "^ri^^^ ^l^'!-, also barely 
 nii<ni urni', and ni^iasr D'Ti'bNf, 
 
 (e. g. Ps. 80: 8, 15.) God' of the heav- 
 enly hosts, synonymous with ''.^.bNl. 
 d^lQi^rr God of heaven, in the later 
 books. (See n''"aj, ^''^u:.) Accord- 
 ing to others, it denoted originally 
 the God of war, (comp. Ps. 24: 10. 
 with ver. 8. 1 Sam. 17:45.) and was 
 afterwards made to denote the God 
 of the powers of heaven. This epi- 
 thet of God does not occur in Gene- 
 sis nor in the book of Judges. 
 
 3. warfare, hard service, affliction. 
 Job 7: 1. 10: 17. 14: 14. Is. 40: 2. 
 
 Dan. 10: 1 bin:* dtiitn inin nNi 
 
 and the oracle is true and (relates to) 
 great affliction. 
 
^ns 548 12 
 
 C\V!};S and nVHD:2 , see '^DS a ga- K^;^--) ^ ^ ^'- 3- [4: 23.1 Is. 13: 14. 
 ^g/[g ' " * * * Prov. 6 : 5. See Bocharti Hieroz. 
 
 5<32 Chald. fut. i<25^ to will, to miiller's notes thereon, T. 11. p. 304 
 choose. Dan. 4: 14, 22, 29. [4: 17, of the Leipsic edit. Plur. Q-^li:, 
 25, 32.] 5 : 19, 21. (Syr. and Arab. D-'^IZS 2 Sam. 2:18. d\H2: 1 Chr. 
 idem.) Deriv. ^liS. 12: 9." and ni.Nn: Cant. 2:' 7. 3: 5. 
 
 t:\^n2: Hos. U: 8. u:h^ and D^r^^ n^:::^ rem. of ^nW, the /emak gazelk.- 
 Gen. 10: 19. 14: 2. Deut. 29: 22. Cant. 4: 5. 7: 4. 
 proper name of a city in the vale of ^^^-^^1 ' "i_* -1^^ 
 Siddim, which was sunk with Sodom ^ -^ ^^^ '^^'^^. 
 and Gomorrah in the Dead sea. LJ^^S , fut. t^z^\ to reach or hold mit. 
 
 I. nn^r l. q. ^^^^ ^o ^-o /or^/. ^0 war, ^^^^ ^^^^ 2:' 14. 
 
 io carry on war. Is. 29: 7 Tr:iZ they 5?^^ Chald. ^0 wet, moisten. Pa. Dan. 
 
 w/io carry on war against her, i. q. j,. 99 Ta. oti 
 
 ^^'^^' ^"'^'^'^ ' Ithpa. 2?2-j::5< pass. Dan. 4: 12, 
 
 II. H^Jl to swell, spoken of the belly. 20, 30. [4 : 15," 23, 33.] Otherwise 
 Num. 5: 27. ^^ immerse, colour, as in Syr. and 
 
 Hiph. causat. to make to swell. Arab. Hence 
 
 Num. 5: 22. Hence ^22 m. dec. VI. i. what is coloured, a 
 
 mD:2, fern, rrn:^, verbal adj. from ^riir, party-coloured garment. Judg. 5: 30. 
 
 swilling. Num. 5: 21. a^yzi^ b^-ij ibid. 
 
 ^Dj^ Chald. 1. liter. m//,;}wrjt705e, (from C^i^DIS {hyenas) proper name of a 
 
 t<il^ to will.) Hence valley and of a city in the tribe of 
 
 2'. a matter, business, concern, Syr. Benjamin. 1 Sam. 13: 18. Neh. 
 
 Qii,. Dan. 6: 18. Comp. y^tl no. 4. ^ ^' '^'*- 
 
 ^^ 1 j2, fut. *1Z).^, to heap up ; e. g. 
 
 ^^j"! m. found only Jer. 12: 9. a hy- -. ' 
 
 - T ^^^ gram. Gen. 41: 35. treasures, Job 
 
 /'a I. , i^\ c X ' /^ 27:16. (Chald. ^i: and Arab, if^em.) 
 
 ena, (Arab. ^.^*^.) Sept. T^of/t/?;. Or ^^^^^. ^ ,'",, r- 
 
 1 u 7 . n rr^ Q^^S^ masc. plur. verbal from ^iiS, 
 
 else, a riyrta beast generally. (Comp. : .. ^ ~ '' 
 
 Talmud. D'^^iili 6easis of prey, like ^ea;?*. 2 K. 10: 8. 
 the Arab. cIaa;^ /erte rapaces. See nD2 or n22 , plur. tl'^n'2'2, a sheaf, 
 Bocharti Hieroz. P. I. p. 829.) bmidle. Once Ruth 2 : 16. (Chald. 
 
 ^2^ m. in pause "^iiZ, dec. VI. 1. ^^^ ^^ ^^^^0 
 
 ' -'l. honour, majesty, glory. Is. 4: 2. '^^. "- ^^^^ '''^' '^.^' P^"^' ^''^^ ^^^' 
 
 24:16. 28: 1, 4, b.ni'Db'-q'D '^n^ VIII. f 
 
 the glory of kingdoms, i. e. Babylon^ 1- ^ic^e. ni i^? cri rAe ^ic^e, Is. 
 
 Is. 13: 19. 'la^in V?.5^. i^e glorious 60: 4.-^^73 6t/ i/ie side, Deut. 31: 
 
 Zmic?, i. e. the land of ' Israel, Dan. 26. Josh. 12: 9. By way of emi- 
 
 11: 16, 41. Also simply ^222: in the nence, it is used of the left side, Ps. 
 
 same sense, Dan. 8: 9. SoiiifheRab- 91: 7. (Antith. }^?:\) 1 Sam. 20: 25. 
 
 binical writings, comp. Ezek. 20 : 6, With He paragogic, ^5*^22 to the side, 
 
 15. Jer. 3: 19. Dan. 11:45 '^:n:'^r[ 1 Sam. 20: 20. 
 
 "X/^^p the glorious holy mount,' i. e. 2. an adversary, opponent. Judg. 
 
 the mount of the temple. <^ ' ^ *^ 
 
 5 c / 2 : 3. Arab. ^^ and ^^ to turn 
 
 2. a gazelle. (Arab. Cj'^**^ ? Aram. away ; conj. III. to oppose. 
 
P^:2 
 
 549 
 
 *^'^ Chald. a side. '122?3 on the part of., 
 Dan. 6: 5. T^b against, Dan. 7: 25. 
 
 ^^"Z Chald. a purpose, intention. Dan. 
 3: 14 N^ifcH was it an intention? 
 Comp. Heb. n'l'i, Jl^i^Z. 
 
 *7'lS or iTn*!!^ a place on the north- 
 ern boundary of Palestine. Only 
 Num. 34: 8. Ezek. 47: 15. 
 
 JnllS to seek after a person, construed 
 
 with an accus. Ex. 21 : 13. Joined 
 with UJ!?.:, to seek after the life of a 
 person, 1 Sam. 24: 12. Kindred with 
 n^2 to hunt or lie in wait for wild 
 beasts. Deriv. Jt'lj?, iT^'liS. 
 
 Niph. as in Aram, to be laid waste. 
 Zeph. 3: 6. 
 
 JT72 see nrr 
 
 n^'l!2S f. verbal from tTl^J, a purpose, 
 
 intention, design. Num. 35: 20, 22. 
 p'l*^ j21 m. verbal adj. from p'^^J, dec. h 
 
 1. he that has a righteous cause. 
 Ex. 9 : 27. 23 : 8. Hence innocent, 
 Gen. 18: 23 ff. 20: 4. 
 
 2. just, righteous, (spoken of God, 
 of a king, judge.) Ps. 7: 10. 119: 4. 
 
 3. blameless, virtuous, pious. Gen. 
 6: 9. 7: 1. Prov. 10: 3 ff. 
 
 4. true, faithful. Neh. 9: 8. Is. 41: 
 26. 
 
 5. perhaps victorious, a conqueror. 
 h. 49: 24. Comp. rilP^iS no. 7. 
 
 jP*!^, fut. pii^:, prob. liter, to be 
 
 straight, i.q. ^^\ (Comp. p^i.^T Ps.23: 
 
 7 
 
 3.) In Syr. *-^''A to be right, suitable. 
 In Arab. <^*l\jo to be upright, true. 
 
 1. to have a just or righteous cause, 
 (in a contention at law.) Gen. 38: 
 26 '^37273 niPT^J her cause is more just 
 than mine. Job 9 : 15, 20. 10 : 15. 
 13: 18. 34: 5. Also to be right, (in 
 an assertion,) Job 33: 12. 11; 2. 
 
 2. to be just, righteous ; spoken of 
 Jehovah, Ps. 51: 6. of the law, Ps. 
 19: 10. 
 
 3. to be innocent, blameless. Job 
 
 appear innocent before God, Job 9: 
 2. 25: 4. vTV:N73 piIC idem. Job 4: 
 
 17. 
 
 4. to be justified, to justify one^s 
 self, as if the pass, of Pi. and Hiph. 
 Is. 43: 9, 26. 45: 25. Ezek. 16: 52. 
 
 Niph. to be justified. Dan. 8: 14 
 'ij'ip pi 12 J the sanctuary shall be jus- 
 tified, i. e. its honour shall be main- 
 tained, it shall be safe. See p'Vl 
 and tlj^'^^ no. 6. 
 
 Pi. {. to justify. Ezek. 16: 51, 52. 
 Jer. 3: 11 ri'^SD t^p*^^ she justifies 
 herself, i. e. appears just. 
 
 2. to esteem or pronounce just. Job 
 33: 32. Joined with ri;3:, to pro- 
 nounce one''s self just, Job 32: 2. 
 
 Hiph. 1. to pronounce innocent, to 
 acquit, absolve, (spoken of a judge.) 
 Ex. 23 : 7. Deut. 25 : 1. Is. 5 : 23. 
 Construed with b. Is. 53: 11. 
 
 2. to make righteous, to lead to right- 
 eousness. Dan. 12: 4. 
 
 Hithpa. p-^jaicn to justify or defend 
 one''s self. Gen. 44: 16. 
 
 Note. The antithesis is constantly 
 made by 5?w?n. 
 
 1j^ m. with suff. '^p.*l22, verbal from 
 
 pn::^, dec. VI. h. 
 
 1. straightness. Ps. 23 : 3 "''b/:J??J 
 pnit straight paths. 
 
 2. what is right, right. Job 36: 3. 
 Ps. 15: 2. Lev. 19: 36 pi:? ^11^12 
 just balances. p'liZ ""Ti^t suitable sa- 
 crifices or sacrifices according to law, 
 Deut. 33: 19. 
 
 3. righteousness, (of a judge, of Je- 
 hovah.) Ps. 35: 24, 28.-t22d73n pn: 
 righteousness and justice, Ps. 89: 15. 
 97:2. 
 
 4. innocency, blamelessness, Ps, 37: 
 6. Job 8 : 6. a just or righteous cause, 
 Ps. 17:1. Job 6:29. 
 
 5. truth. Ps. 52: 5. Is. 45: 19. 
 
 6. deliverance, salvation, prosperity, 
 as the consequence of righteousness, 
 (according to the usual ideas of re- 
 tribution,) i. q. i^u:;^, n^'^d\ Is. 45: 
 8. 51: 5. 62: 1. Jer. 33: 16. Dan. 9: 
 24. Ps. 132: 9. comp. verse 16. 
 
 J 5: 14. 22: 3. 35: 7. Ss: 03? p'i:z to fiPT^ f- verbal from p'i:, dec. XI. c. 
 
nn2 
 
 550 
 
 2U 
 
 1. -xhat is right or Jit. Joel 2 : 23 
 MJ^'liE':: !n*!l^73n the early rain as it 
 is wanted. Also a right or interest in 
 a thing:, Neh. 2: 20. 
 
 2. righteousness Justice, (of a judge, 
 of God.) nj^l^n '32'4;73 righteous- 
 ness and justice, 2 Sam. 8: 15. Jer. 9: 
 23. 
 
 *' 3. hlamelessness, innocency, Job 
 27:6. Prov. 12: 28. 15: 9. a just or 
 righteous cause, Gen. 30 : 33. Ps. 1 8 : 
 21. Dan. 9: 7. 
 
 4. merit, desert of good. Gen. 15: 6 
 and he counted it to him as a merit. 
 Dent. G: 25. 
 
 5. favour, beneficence. Ps. 24 : 5. 
 Prov. 10: 2. Mic." 6 : 5. (Comp. the 
 Chald.) 
 
 6. salvation, deliverance, prosperi- 
 ty, i. q. yd^., 1i:!r:j\ Is. 45: 8. 48: 
 18. 51:6, 8^ Hence' 
 
 7. victory. Judg. 5:11. 
 
 Jrip*712 Chald. beneficence^ alms. Dan. 
 
 4: 24. [4: 27.] 
 
 '^n^P'l^i {righteousness of Jehovah) 
 
 Sept. 2!e()rAlaQ, Vulg. Sedecias^ prop- 
 er name of a king of Judah, which 
 was given to him by king Nebu- 
 chadnezzar, instead of his fonner 
 name rrzm- 2 K. 24: 17. 1 Chr. 3: 
 15. Jer.i: 3. 
 
 DHiS <o shine like gold. Part. Hoph. 
 nrii:^ shining like gold. Ezra 8: 27. 
 Kindred with ;i!lT gold. 
 
 Dn^ ni. gold-coloured, yellow., spoken 
 of\he hair. Lev. 13: 30 ff. 
 
 I. ^TTJi 1- to neigh, spoken of the 
 
 " T 
 
 horse. Jer. 5: 8. 
 
 2. metaphorically to rejoice, spok- 
 en of men. Is. 12:6. 24: 14. 
 
 Pi. Is. 10: 30 ^V.lp ""k^;^ ^^t thy 
 ^oice resound, i. e. cry aloud, from 
 alarm, terrour. (Comp. 15 n.) 
 
 Deriv. rj^rr^?:. 
 
 II. bn.^ i. q. "in^ or '^S^T to shine. 
 
 Comp. the letter ^, p. 322. Found 
 only in Hiph. causat. Ps. 104: 15. 
 *^n'Ji found only in Hiph. denom. from 
 
 ^nU:^ , to make or press oil. Job 24: 
 11. * 
 
 ins m. dec. VI. n. light. (Comp, "^r^ 
 and *inb.) Gen. 6 : 16 riips^n ^ri'Z 
 rjznb light, i. e. a window, shalt thou 
 make for the ship. Comp. 8 : 6. (Oth- 
 ers make it the deck, comp. the Arab. 
 5c .^ 
 
 /--^ the back, surface.) 
 
 Dual D'^'ntl]^ noon, midday, liter. 
 double light. Gen. 43 : 16, 25. Deut. 
 28: 29. Used as an emblem of pros- 
 perity, Job 11: 17. Ps. 47:6. 
 
 *1jS or 12, prob. a precept, (from irtJiS, 
 like *1|?, in, from (_^^5, n^n.) Hos. 
 
 5: 1 1 for he follows willingly after 
 the commandment (of men.) Accord- 
 ing to this we should render Is. 28: 
 10, 13 llib ']:z rz\ r^ precept upon 
 precept, precept upon precept. Others: 
 flih on filth, (as if i. q. i<i:, riiji:: ;) 
 comp. verse 8. but this does not 
 agree so well with verse 13. Oth- 
 ers make it the inarticulate sound of 
 the drunken man, comp. verse 11. 
 
 4^112 m. dec. I. dirty, spoken of gar- 
 
 ments. Zech. 3: 3, 4. (Syr. | f . to 6e 
 dirty, odious.) 
 T\^'"\1 f. dec. X. dirt,fiUh. Is. 28 : 8 
 
 T 
 
 'niaSl 4<*p vmnitus fwdus. Meta- 
 phorically sin, guilt. Is. 4 : 4. Prov. 
 30: 12. Used as an euphemistic ex- 
 pression for human dung in the Keri 
 of Is. 36: 12. 2 K. 18:27. 
 
 Iw^^S m. and '^Vl (Neh. 3: 5.) const. 
 
 'niNli:^, dec. II. b. 
 
 1. the neck, Germ. Hals. '1^^5^^ 
 with a stretched out or proud neck. Job 
 15:26. Ps.75:6. 
 
 2. the neck. Germ. JVakken. Lam. 
 5: 5. Hence used in reference to a 
 yoke or burden, Hos. 10: 11. Lam. 
 1: 14. 
 
 Plur. D'^^.^t;!:^, const. '^nN'i^f, used 
 of an individual, Gen. 27 : 16. 33: 4. 
 45: 14.~ninN^:i colla, Mic. 2: 3. 
 
 r ' 
 
 &5Di2h, ilD1!S proper name of a city 
 
nix 551 p12 
 
 in Mesopotamia, otherwise called hath appointed thy prosperity. Fs.llU 
 
 JVesibin^ A*m6w, Antiochia Mygdon- 9. Is. 45: 12. 
 
 i(B. 1 Sam. 14 : 47. 2 Sam. 8 : 3. 23: 5. irr-nb nnii or in"^?. >i^. to ;oi 
 
 36. 2 Chr. 8 :3. Its territory is de- ^^g'^ /loiwe m order^ to give one'^s last 
 
 nominated ^^1^2^ D^ntl Ps. 60:2. 2 c/ir^e to his family. 2 Sam. 17 : 23. 
 
 Sam. 10:6,8. It was the residence 2 K. 20:1. Is. 38:1. (in Rabbin. 
 
 of a king, who in the time of Da- '^^l^ testament.) 
 
 vid carried on several considerable Deriv. 1:2. JTii72. 
 
 wars with Israel. ^^^^ , ""^ V * ' "' 
 
 tmnnm r ^^H^\4 r << n IJ^ io ^AoM^ for loy. Is. 42: 11. 
 
 "mS \,comp. Jn^if,) to he m wait., con- - , ' '' ' 
 
 strued with an accus. (l.) to hunt, iiniS f. verbal from niSf, dec. XI. c. 
 
 T^l'd'^'ln^rf !') ?^"- ^^' ^' ^' ^^* ^c^y. either of joy or so'rrow. Is. 24: 
 Job 38: 39. (2.) to lay snares, e. g. u. Jer 14- 2 
 for birds. Lev. 17 : 13. Lam. 3: 52. ^L*,!^ ^ \ ", \. t ,, /. ,t 
 Mic. 7: 2. (3.) UJ53 ^niT to seek the ^<^^ ^' ^^^ ^^P^^ ^^ ^^^^^^ "f ^^^ *^' 
 /i/e of a person. Prov. 6: 26. (4.) in Is. 44 : 27. More frequently called 
 the other dialects also to fish; see M^i^'^ , r:\^:J2. Kindred with the 
 fl'T'2^. root 7h:z no. II. * 
 
 Pil. i. q. Kal no. (3.) Ezek.l3:18, ^12 to fast. (In Arab, and Ararh. idem.) 
 
 20. Judff. 20 : 26. Zech. 7 : 5 Disrr 
 
 Hithpa. nr.^sn, see under n^22. ^,^^., ,. . .,, 
 ^ ^ .... .7 ^ . - "^DnTs:*: did ye fast to me ? 
 
 . -) , -5 ,1 , . |Q^2 m. verbal from D^2, dec. I. fast- 
 
 rnS found only in Pi. t^3^. ^^^^ ^y^,^^ 2 Sam.l2:6. Plur. ni^ii: 
 
 1. <o command any one ; constru- Est. 9: 31. 
 
 ed with an accus. of the person, (like '^JJ'j^see IJ^i. 
 
 the Lat.jwiere aliquem,) Gen. 26: 11. ~ 
 
 more rarely with ^y. Gen. 2 : 16. tj^jS to overflow. Lam. 3:54. 
 
 28: 6. Est. 2: 10, 20. with bN, Gen. Hiph. 1. to cause to overflow. 
 
 50: 16. with ^, Ex. 1: 22. The com- Deut 1 1: 4. 
 
 mand usually follows directly after 2. to make to swim. 2 K. 6: 6. 
 
 "ITaNb, or indirectly in an infin. e. g. Deriv. out of course riDlT. 
 
 Gen. 3: 11. The ihm^ commanded is p|r|^ m. verbal from ;i^:i, dec. X. hon- 
 
 put also in the accus. hence a dou- distilling of itself pure honey. Prov. 
 
 ble accus. of the person and thmg, jg. 24 pi ^.^ ^./^^ Pg jg. ^ 
 
 Gen. 6: 22. Ex. 25: 22. y ^,,^ . . i * .u r . ^.^., 
 
 2. ^0 commmion, rfejt^i^^e, send, (a l* P"^^ ^^""^ ^"^^^ ^" ^^^ ^"^- P^^:' 
 person,) without mentioning the i- q- T'V, ^^ P^^ ^^^' ^^^ ^^' ^- ^^'' ^^ 
 thing enjoined. Jer. 14: 14. 23: 32. H. p^2 to he straitened, pressed. In 
 Construed with b? of the person sent ^al found only Is. 26: 16 'linb l^px 
 to, Est. 4: 5. Ezra 8: 17. I Chr. 22: u ki ./. . /" 
 
 12. or on whose account the charge is Probably ^^.y press out sighs. 
 
 given, Gen. 12: 20. 2 Sam. 14: 8 In ^^P^^' P^^- ^- ^^ ^^^^^'^' '^^^'^^ 
 
 the latter case also with irN, Ex. 6: oppress, construed with a dative and 
 
 13. with):, Ps. 91: 11. Used in ref- ^^^"^- ^^^^^0/^^ p^'; ^^.l?.' 
 
 ^ .' . , . ^ E. g. a city. Is. 29 : 7. Part. T^^^12 
 
 erence to mammate objects, Am. 9 : ^^ oppressor. Is. 51: 13. 
 *. * K.. -t^. C7. 2 ^Q ^ Qj. p^g (with words,) 
 
 3. construed with an accus. of the construed with b. Judg. 16: 16. 
 person and !:? of the thing, to ap- j^eriv. out of course p^n72, pi^ttt, 
 point a person over any thing. Neh. '-nriiiT: 
 
 7: 2. 5: 14. 1 Sam. 13: 14. 25:30. ."^' ' 
 
 4. to ajojDoint, ordai/i, me jubere. pl^^ m. verbal from p^2 no. II. oppres- 
 Ps. 68: 29 S^ty ^Tlbi* r7n: % (?orf j^. affliction, trouble. Dan. 9: 25. 
 
nis 552 pn:2 
 
 Ti'pTl f. verbal from p^iiS no.II. oppres- III. 1*^2 m. dec. I. form. Vs. 49: 15 
 5ion, compression., affliction., trouble. Keri. See the following article. 
 Prov.l:27. Is.8:22 rrp.niS ?iny^ rfrf- j^-^'j^n^ f. dec. X.form. Ezek. 43: 11. 
 ness of compression, i. e. thick dark- g^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^ jjj 
 
 Y^^ see Y^S. -^ ; 
 
 I--. ^-.^ rn * .V r D^'DTTllS masc. plur. i/ienecfc. Cant. 
 
 ^"IjS, nS T^yrc, the propername of a -^ t^, . , * , ^ 
 
 ,' , / f . TDu 4:9. The ]T here may be a termina- 
 
 celebrated commercial city m Pheni- ! , 
 
 cia. 2 Sam. 5: 11. 1 K. 5: 15. 7: 13. ^^^ diminutiva et charitativa. 0th- 
 Ps. 45: 13. Ezek. 26: 2. The Greek ^^^ ' " o^^^^i^^^^>^ the neck, a neck- 
 name TvQog is probably derived ^"^^' 
 
 from an Aramean pronunciation ^^b, VrCl Hiph. <o fcmd/e, 5ei on Jire, \. q. 
 ij'nt3, like ^,72 (n*^^) ^ivQ^a. f^^irj. Is. 27: 4. 
 
 J. "l^-S, fut. ^^i:;, apoc. ^:^2. nS m. verbal adj. from nn^, dec. 
 
 1. to press, straiten, hence to he- VIII. 1. 
 
 siege, (a city;) construed with ^J, \. white and shining. Cant. 5: 10. 
 
 Dan. 1:1. with bx, Deut. 20: 19. 2. shined upon by the sun, hot, 
 
 with an accus. 1 Chr. 20: 1. Causat. bright, clear. Is. 18: 4 n: Dn a clear 
 
 to cause to straiten or besiege. Is. 29: heat. Jer. 4: 11 niT n:i-| a hot wind. 
 
 3. Deriv. ^i::72, '^^12, *^^^, n-l^Z. Arab, (with ^ ) and Syr. idein. 
 
 2. to press, persecute, i. q. iniC no. 3. metaphorically clear, spoken of 
 II. Deut. 2 : 9. Ex. 23 : 22. " Part. ^^rds. Is. 32: 4. 
 
 D->n: Est. 8: 11. ^n.^ ^^J- ^^^' ^^^- dry, parched. Is. 
 
 3. trans. <o maA:e hostile, to insti- 5: 13. Root i<^2 in Aram. <o ^^ir^t 
 gate. Judg. 9: 31. HH^S I- ^o ^^ wAiie and shining. Lam. 
 
 II. 1*^^ i- q- ^"1^ <o ^*^ together. " 
 
 Pret. n^lll Deut. 14 : 25. Fut. 2. apricum esse, see n^. 
 
 ^-^n:i-"i"2 K. 12; 11. ^^^1 2 K. 5: Deriv. n:, n^n2, IrinTjl^, 'nTT^S, 
 
 23. ^" ' nin:n:. 
 
 III. I'llS i. q- '^^i; to form, make. So j-J'^n^Sl m. verbal from nnit, dec. L^ 
 
 the fut. ^^11 Ex. 32: 4. 1 K. 7: 15. ^/mied upon and burnt by the sunj 
 and Tj-j^^iJ^/Jer. 1: 5Keth. (In Arab. parched. Ezek. 24: 7, 8. 26: 4, 14. 
 and Aram. ide7n.) Deriv. ^^22 no. JHrT^HS f. verbal from nn^J, a dr 
 ^ \I ' ,* X land, a parched country. Vs. 68:1, 
 
 ^1 a orjob 18: 4. 24: 8. Meta- "n^H^, plr. D-^ Neh.4: 7 [4 : 13] 
 phorically bN*j'^^ 1^:2 the rock of Keth. verbal from nn22, ic?em. 
 /5rae/, i. e. God* Is. 30: 29. Deut. nin^H-^fem. plur. verbal from nn2JJ 
 
 Ps. 18: 3, 32, 47. Plur. min:^: Job ^V_^. . , ^ .,, ,. , ] 
 
 23. iQ jTlDnS f. dec. X. an ill savour, a stmk.\ 
 
 2. a stone. Is. 8: 14. j^'^j ^ .. 20. Syr. fzolJ^ a 6f 
 
 II. *1^!S m. sharpness, edge, (from ^^jT ^^enc/*. 
 
 i. q. Arab. j\.jo dissecuit, divisit.) p^^^ ^^* ^^^^^^ ^.^^^ ^g. jgff. Coi 
 Ps. 89: 44 n^n. nni the edge of the "^J^^ ^^..^j^ ^ ^^^^^ ^^y ^e^ Genj 
 sword. Josh. 5: 2, 3 D'^'l^li: ni3*nn 21:6. Comp.pnu;. 
 ,sharp knives. Comp. nil Ex. 4: 25. , pi, 1. to jest, joke, sport. Gen. V, 
 
T-S. 553 y^a 
 
 Jon, Gen.'s":^''"^ " "''* " ^'" ''t^? "> ^^'^' ' ^'^> -^ec l- A(- 
 
 2. io mock^ insult. Gen. 21: 9. Con- ^- Jer. 16: 16. 
 strued with a of the person, Gen.39: ]^"1^^ f. {ajishing) Sidon, the proper 
 
 %!]o play, to dance with music. ame of a celebrated coinmercial city 
 
 Judff 16-25 ' rnenicia, now called Said. Gen. 
 
 .^^' * 10: 15, 19. 49 : 13. The gentile 
 
 P>^ m. verbal from pniS, laughter. ^oun is '^':'t^'Z a Sidonian. 
 
 Gen. 21 : 6. H'^iS f. dec. X. dryness, aridity. Job 
 
 in^S m. a dazzling whiteness, candor. 24: 19. Hence n^2 V^.5< a dry land^ 
 
 Ezek. 27: 18. (Arab. conj. XI. idem.) c^e^^er^, Ps. 63:2. 107:35. Without 
 "in2 adj. dec. III. a. white, spoken of V^i?, in the same sense, Ps. 78: 17. 
 
 the she-ass. Judg. 5:10. Vulg. nitens. ^''''^ ^^^^- ^"'^ Sr^-^ ^^ ^^ "^ 
 Syr. a/6iw. (In Arabic, however, ']'*1'^2 m. a dry land.'^ls. 25: 5. 32: 2. 
 
 jN^szT-o spoken of the ass, denotes ..^^"^^' 'J:^* ,, ^ 
 
 . , 7 .. J -.7 , , I I 2 I. Zion, the proper name of a 
 party-coloured, spotted with white and ' t r r 
 
 red ; which meaning can be applied P^'^* of Jerusalem, consisting of the 
 
 to the Hebrew.) more elevated southernmost moun- 
 
 ^^1 m. a ship. Is.33:21. Plur. D-iS Num. J^^" ^nd the upper part of the city. 
 
 In the poets and prophets it is often 
 24: 24. and W^^^ Dan. 11: 30. used for Jerusalem itself See Re- , 
 
 *^^2 (denom. from -^^r, n^it a waste, de- ^^^^^ Palaestina, p. 846. 
 5gri,)found only in the plur. D-'^iTm- 1^*^^ m. dec. I. a sign, memorial, a 
 habitants of the desert ; used (l.) of ^^^^^ *^^ ^P' 2 K. 23: 17. Sometimes 
 men, Ps. 72 : 9. 74: 14. (2.) of ani- ^^ ^ way-mark, Jer. 31:21. and some- 
 mals, Is. 13: 21. 23: 13. 34-14 Jer ^^^^ ^^ ^ sepulchral monument, E- 
 50: 39. According to Bochart (Hie- ^,^^' 39: 15. Root prob. Jnit Syr. 
 roz. T. II. p. 209. of the Leips. edit.) ]o^ to place. 
 wildcats,\\VQ^ the Arab, /.ji^.^ cats, .w.^ ^ , ^,, ^. ^, . 
 
 5 ^ ^ Vi7 : yl and ^S Zm, the proper name of a 
 
 Otherwise comp. ^-^ (j^''^) col- desert in the south of Palestine, to- 
 
 lection of wild amfe,particularly of "^^'t' "Tf ,?7'-,'" ^V^ ' l'- 
 l^Q^ '^ ^ -^ 34:3,4. Josh. 15: 1,3. See Relandi 
 
 r-l m. verbal from -,,5:, dec. VI. f. ^f '^ P'. "3- , ^^ ^ , 
 -. , . ^ ' j^J^Ji m. a prison. Jer. 29 : 26. Root 
 
 1. a hunting. Gen. 10: 9. ' ^^- . ^^ . t . 
 
 rt . ^ ^ pJ^ m bamar. <o 5/m< up. 
 
 2. ffamc, venison. Gen. 25 : 28. h* j,* ^ .S rr * i 
 ^rey, 6oo^y, Job 38: 41. T^.^ ^"t- V'^:^ P^^t- V^- (^^ Arab. 
 
 3./ood Neh. 13: 15. Ps. 132: 15. Y^^-) 
 Particularly ybodybr a journey, via- 1- to shine. Vs. 132:18. Comp. the 
 
 iicum. Josh. 9: 5, 14. See JTr^SS. kindred root f^l- 
 
 Hithpa. "ir.tsisn denom. from^^ii:, 2. to put forth flowers, to blossom. 
 
 to furnish oner's self with provision for ^""- ^'^=23. [17:8.] Ps. 103: 15. 
 
 a journey. Josh. 9: 13. ^"^"^ metaphorically <o flourish, i s. 
 
 ^^ 92: 8. 
 
 n ^"^2 or n^l^^ fern, of ^^^22. Hiph. io /?ee/J, io look secretly. Cant. 
 
 ' l./ootZ. Vs. 78: 25. 2:9. 
 
 ^. food for a jmmey, viaticum. Gen. V'^IS m. verbal from y^it, dec. X. 
 42: 25. 45: 21. (Arab. r^niT ic^em.) '], something shining, pacticularly 
 
 70 
 
b^ 
 
 554 
 
 rhi 
 
 the gold plate which the high- 
 priest wore on his forehead. Ex. 28: 
 3638. Comp. Ps. 132: 18. 
 
 2, a Jlower. Job 14: 2. Plur. 
 D^STiT, (comp. nip""?, D-^i-pT,) 1 K. 6:18. 
 
 3. a wing. Jer. 48 : 9. For this 
 change of signification, see f^^. 
 
 fil^l f. verbal from V^2i, dec.^X. a 
 
 Jloixcr. Is. 28: 4. 
 nS^llS f 1. a forelock. Ezek. 8 : 3. 
 
 tection^ shelter., the figure sometimes 
 being continued and sometimes not. 
 Ps. 17: 8. 36: 8. Is. 16:3 make tiiy 
 shadow at mid-day as in the mighty 
 i. e. afford a secure refuge from the 
 burning heat. Is. 25: 4 thou {Jehovah) 
 art a shadow from the heat. As plu- 
 rals, see a"'!:N2i and a"*'::b22. 
 
 Chald. found only in Pa. to pray. 
 Dan. 6: 11. Ezra 6: 10. 
 
 ^h^ 
 
 (Tliis signification is kindred with ^^^ ^ ^^^^- ^ ^am. 2: 15. Jer. 44: 
 
 16. (Arab, idem.) Deri v. "^bsr. 
 ^*^^22l, in Keri b^b^, found only Judg.7: 
 13 a"^n':s>\p onb b^'b^ usually render- 
 
 y'"'^ no. 3. a wing. Comp. n^: strict- 
 ly to pluck., strike.) 
 
 2. a fringe^ tassel^ such as the Is- 
 raelites wore on the corners of their 
 upper garments and esteemed sa- 
 bered. Num. 15: 38,39. 
 rOp'^-S, ^bp'^jS, 3bp^2 proper name 
 
 of a city in the tribe of Simeon, but 
 at times under the dominion of the 
 Philistines. Josh. 15: 31. 19 : 5. 1 
 Sam. 30: 1. 2 Sam. 1: 1. 
 
 I. *1^S m. verbal from ^^i no. III. 
 dec. I. 
 
 1. an idol. Is. 45: 16. 
 
 2. form. Ps. 49: 15 Keth. 
 
 II. 1*^^ m. dec. I. a messenger. Prov. 
 13: 17. 25: 13. Is. 18: 2. Arab. a\jo 
 
 med. Je to go.^ arrive. Hence a 
 verb in 
 
 Hithpa. 1r.^2rT to set out on one'^s 
 way. Josh. 9 : 4. But the various 
 reading with n, as in verse 12, is 
 to be preferred to the common read- 
 ing- 
 Ill. I'^jS m. dec. I. something winding 
 or twisting itself. (Arab. p^j^D conj. 
 
 V. to writhe from pain.) Hence 
 
 1. a hinge of a. door. Prov. 26: 14. 
 
 2. Plur. i. q. Cbin throes or pangs 
 (of a woman in childbirth.) Is. 13: 
 
 8. 21: 3. 1 Sam. 4: 19. Metaphori- 
 cally strong tcrrmirs.^ which are often 
 compared with the pains of child- 
 hirth, Dan. 10: 16. 
 
 7^ m. with suff. "^Vzi, verbal from bbiC 
 no. III. dec. VIII. b. a shadow. It is 
 used (l.) to indicate frailty. Job 8: 
 
 9. Ps. 102: 12. (2.) to express pro- 
 
 ed a baked barley-cake.^ from bbi = 
 nbi:. Better with the Sept. Chald. 
 placenta panis hordacei^ perhaps after 
 the Chald. b=l2ib2 cingulum. 
 'I'^S m. verbal from nb:i, dec. III. a. 
 
 T 
 
 roasted. Ex.. 12: 8, 9. 
 I. n^S (Arab, with L^^) 
 
 1 . to be Jit, useful.) construed with 
 ^. Jer. 13: 7, 10. 
 
 2. to succeed, prosper, Nourish ; 
 spoken of an undertaking. Is. 53 : 
 10. 54 : 17. of a plant, Ezek. 17: 
 9, 10. 
 
 3. to succeed (in an undertaking,) 
 spoken of a person. Ps. 45: 5. Jer. 
 22: 30. 
 
 Hiph. 1. trans. tQ make prosper- 
 ous, to bless ; ( 1 .) an undertaking, 
 spoken of God. Gen. 24: 21, 56. 39: 
 3, 23. (2.) a person, construed with 
 an accus. 2 Chr. 26: 5. with b, Neh. 
 1: 11. 2: 20. 
 
 2. to accomplish or execute happily 
 ov prosperously. 2 Chr. 7: 11. Dan. 
 8: 25. Particularly with isni, ''^5')'=I, 
 to prosper in one^s ways, to succeed, 
 Deut. 28: 29. Ps. 37: 7 is-j-n n^b:73 
 he that prospers in his ways, the pros- 
 perous man. 
 
 3. intrans. as in Kal no. 2. to pros- 
 per, spoken of an undertaking. Judg. 
 18: 5. 
 
 4. as in Kal no. 3. to prosper (in 
 an undertaking,) spoken of a per- 
 son. 1 K. 22:^12, 15. 1 Chr. 22: 13. 
 29: 23. 2 Chr. 18: 14. Prov. 28: 13. 
 Jer. 2: 37. 
 
dV^ 
 
 555 
 
 i?^S 
 
 n. n<2 J- q- ^^^^ Vltlp!^ proper name of a mountain in 
 
 1. to pass over. 2 Sam. 1^: 18, Samaria, not far from Sichem. Judg. 
 
 2. to fall upon^ construed with an 9. 43. It is represented by the poet 
 accus. Amos 5: 6. with >?, spoken pg. qq^ 15^ as covered with snow. 
 of the spirit of God which comes ^- ^^7 ^^ ^ ,. ,. ,, t 
 
 upon a person, Judg. 14: 19. 15: 14. HDI^^.^ a station of the Israehtes m 
 1 Sam. 10: 10. 11 : 6. With ^N, 1 the desert. Once Num. 33: 41. 
 Sam. 16: 13. 18: 10. HltlbS f liter, death-shade, shadow of 
 
 HVjS Chald. i. q. Heb. n^.2; no. I. 
 
 Aph. nbiEJi (with the Heb. form.) 
 
 1. trans, to bless, prosper, promote., ness. Job 3: 5. 10: 21. 28: 3. 34: 22. 
 (a person.) Dan. 3: 30. 38: 17 nv^b:! ^ni-'^ij the gates of dark- 
 
 2. to execute prosperously. Ezra ^^^^ jg q7 j ~r q*. ^ -j 
 
 6: 14. L ' ' ' '. * 
 
 3. intrans. to succeed, prosper. Ez- 5^7^ l^ halt, hmp, hter. to incline to 
 
 death, (from b^. a shadow, and n^.''3 
 death,) hence poetically thick dark- 
 
 ra 5: 8. 
 
 4. io prosper, to he promoted. Dan. 
 6: 29. 
 
 nnVS f. a <iw/t, iowZ. Prov. 19: 24. 
 
 26 : 15. Plur. ninb2 (as if from 
 
 TTh^,) 2 Chr. 35: {"i. 
 rr^nV^ f. idem. 2 K. 2: 20. 
 
 h^h;i see ^^b:2. 
 
 L7P2 (Arab, with ^jo) <o <w^/e, 
 
 spoken of the ears. 1 Sam. 3: 11. 2 
 K. 21 : 13. Also metaphorically to 
 quiver, spoken of the lips, Hab. 3:16. 
 Deriv. D"'b2b:, D^nb273, b^^bir. 
 
 II. ^^S (Arab, with yo) to sink. Ex. 
 15: 10. Deriv. tlb^iZ, ilbniTTS. 
 
 III. ^^S (Arab, with Jb) to be sha- 
 ded, to be dark. Neh. 13: 19. 
 
 Hiph. part, b^^ shadowing. Ezek. 
 31: 3. 
 
 Deriv. but of course bi, lnb25Q. 
 
 ..7 X ... . 
 
 y^2, with suff. 'ibb^, plur. a^bbir, 
 verbal from bb2J no. III. dec. VI. g. 
 a shadow. Cant. 2: 17. Jer. 6: 4. 
 
 Q^2l m. with suff. V2b:i, dec. VI. a. 
 
 a form, image, likeness. Gen. 1:27. 
 6: 3. 9: 6. a shadowy image, a shad- 
 ow, Ps. 39 : 7. an idol, 2 K. 11 : 18. 
 Amos 5: 26. Metaphorically an im- 
 agination, fancy, Ps. 73: 20. 
 "dh'l, th"! m. Chald. emph. i<7:b2, 
 an image, idol. Dan. 2; 31 ff. 3: 1 ff. 
 
 one si?e, (is^b:?..) Gen. 32: 32. Part, 
 fem. ti^'bkri used collectively, those 
 that halt, spoken of the flocks, but 
 in a metaphorical sense, Mic. 4: 6, 7. 
 Zeph. 3: 19. 
 
 5?^;S m. verbal from i^bij, dec. VI. d. 
 
 a halting, falling. Ps. 35: 15. 38: J 8. 
 5?V^ f const, ^'b:?. and y^iS, with suff. 
 
 ^5?b2, dec. IV. i. 
 
 i. a rib. Gen. 2: 21, 22. 
 
 2. a sicie. Job 18: 12. 20: 10 -^n^t; 
 *^5>b^ those who guard my side, i.e. 
 my' most intimate friends. Spoken 
 also of inanimate objects, as of the 
 tent, Ex. 26: 26, 27. Plur. d''j;^ir m. 
 the sides or leaves of a folding door^ 
 1 K. 6 : 34. Elsewhere uniformly 
 niyb:^, const, rti^^, sides, of the al- 
 tar, Ex. 38: 7. of the ark of the cov- 
 enant, Ex. 25: 14. 
 
 3. a side-chamber (of the temple.) 
 1 K. 6: 3. Ezek. 41: 6 ff. Also col- 
 lectively, like 5!|iS^, a whole story of 
 side-chambers, 1 K. 6: 8. or even the 
 three stories, Ezek. 41: 5, 9, 11. n"'2 
 ni^biS Ezek. 41: 9, is the space for 
 these side-chambers between the 
 two walls of the temple. Comp. Jo- 
 seph! Antiq. Jud. iii. 3. 2. 
 
 4. Plur. niybi? boards, (as it were 
 ribs.) 1 K. 6: 1^5; 16. 
 
 5. proper name of a city in the 
 tribe of Benjamin, where Saul waS 
 buried. Josh. 18 : 28. 2 Sam. 21: 
 14. 
 
I^^S 
 
 556 
 
 TOS 
 
 >S^2 m. Deut 28: 42. prob. a spe- 
 
 T T J 
 
 cies of locust, so called from the shrill 
 noise which it makes. See bbiS no, 1. 
 5:2^2 dec. II. a. 
 
 1. a fishing instrument^ a hook. Job 
 40: 31. [41: 7.] 
 
 2. a rattling^ rustling. Is. 18 : 1 
 a'^52Sb^^2 V^.i* the land of rustling 
 wings. See Gesen. in loc. Others : 
 the land of shadowing wings., i. e. un- 
 der whose wings the Israelites find 
 protection. By which Egypt is then 
 intended. Others : yrj dfiqiamog, 
 terra utrinque umbrosa., having refer- 
 ence to the situation of Ethiopia, 
 which lies between the tropics, so 
 that the shadow is one half of the 
 year on the north side, and the oth- 
 er half on the south. 
 
 Q'^!?^^12 masc. plur. const. "^^.iii^iS, a 
 
 cymbal., Lat. cymbala., similar to what 
 is now used in field music. 2 Sam. 6: 
 
 5. Root hh'^ no. I. Besides the lar- 
 
 1- 
 
 ger cymbals, there were also small- 
 er ones or castanets., consisting of 
 metallic plates of the size of a but- 
 ton, which the dancing women wore 
 on their fingers and smote together. 
 Both these kinds are probably refer- 
 red to by the phrases i'-^-^ ^h'^'^^ 
 and -5?^-iri *V.^b2r., Ps. 150: 5. See 
 Jahn's^Bibl Arcliaeol. 96. 
 D!^? plur. Uv:i^ Job 5 : 5. prob. i. q. 
 Ci^ICii: the thirsty. Targ. pra^dones., 
 
 5 ^ 
 comp. Arab. d'^^iS |*"^'*'^^ i'**' mag- 
 
 nus^ dnrus^ validus. 
 N^S , fut. N2"^, to thirst. Ex. 17: 3. 
 
 Metaphorically to thirst or long after 
 
 a person or thing, construed with b, 
 
 Ps. 42: 3. 63: 2. 
 i^'Dji m- verbal adj. from i^J2lZ , dec- 
 
 V.e. thirsty. Is. 21: 14. 
 ^12"! m. verbal from JX?:i, dec. IV. g. 
 
 thirst. Ezek. 19: 13. Jer. 48: 18. 
 Hi^^^ f. verbal from ^^?^iw, thirst. 
 
 Once Jer. 2: 2o. 
 
 ;'li^/2S m. verbal from 5<52,o dry or 
 
 thirsty land. Deut. 8: 15. Is. 35: 7. 
 ^iW2, in Kal not used. In Syr. and 
 Arab, (with ^Jo) to bind., fasten. 
 
 Niph. found only in the phrase 
 '^i'D"'bi'5b "^^^J to join or conse- 
 crate one'^s self to Baal-peor. Num. 
 25: 3, 5. Ps. 106: 28. 
 
 Pu. to be fastened. 2 Sam. 20: 8. 
 Hiph. joined with my-\12., to frame 
 deceit., nectere fraudem. Ps. 50: 19. 
 Deriv. "J"^^, and 
 ^pjS: m. with suff. ^V2^, dec. VI. h. 
 
 1. a pair., couple., yoke; e. g. of 
 oxen, 1 Sam. 11:7. of asses, Judg, 
 19: 10. 2 K. 9 : 25 D-^^^aiE d'^nsh 
 
 riding by pairs. 
 
 2. a measure of land, equal to 
 what a person might plough in one 
 day, an acre., Lat. jugurn., jugerum. 1 
 Sam. 14: 14. Is. 5: 10. 
 
 t]l21 f. i. q. N*^2 thirst. Is. 5: 13. 
 
 n^^ f- dec. X. a veil. Cant. 4: 1. 6: 7. 
 Is. 47: 2. Root dtt2 Chald. to cover. 
 
 p'I'SS m- dec. I. dried grapes or rai- 
 sins., or rather cakes made of them., in 
 li-dU simmuki. 1 Sam. 25:18. 2 Sam. 
 16:1. Rootp73:2. 
 
 n^S <o sprout or spring up ; spoken 
 of plants. Gen. 2: 5. 41 : 6. of hair, 
 Lev. 13 : 37. Ecc. 2 : 6 r!7?.i22 ^tl 
 D'^222> the forest which springs up with 
 trees. Metaphorically to spring up., to 
 arise., spoken of new occurrences, 
 Is. 42: 9. 43: 19. 58: 8. 
 
 Pi. i. q. Kal. Ezek. 16: 7. Judg. 
 16:22. 
 
 Hiph. to let spring up., to cause to 
 grow. Gen. 2: 9. Construed with two 
 accus. Ps. 147 : 8. Metaphorically 
 to arise., spoken of deliverance or 
 salvation, Is. 45: 8. 61: 11. 
 
 n'Djt m. with suff. ^t\iyi^ verbal from 
 n^^, dec. VI. i. a sprout^ shoot. Gen. 
 19~: 25. Metaph. iinn"; H^iS the sprout 
 or branch of Jehovah., i. e. the Mes- 
 siah, the expected restorer of the 
 
12: . 557 :?32: 
 
 Jewish state, Is. 4:2. Jer.23:5. 33: <*." gee ^^"^ 
 
 15. Zech.3: 8. 6:12. ' . ' * 
 
 T^52:2 m. verbal from n^i, dec. IH.a. ^^3^ c^^^"- g^^' ^"'- ^2: 24. and rt:'!!: 
 
 *L a bracelet. Gen. 24: 22, 30. ^s. 8: 8. i. q. ];:: small cattle, partic- 
 
 2. a Zt(i or coTDer for a vessel. Num. , /. , fT.S 
 
 19; J 5 ularly sheep. ^Arab. ^^-^ conj. IV. 
 
 i-fc,-^,.!- . / /v xi, / ^0 /ittT^'c much cattle.) 
 
 u^a24 "^asc. smg. (after the form ^ 
 
 ^ ' ^, \ T I, i o r^ r. X ..* ! n jS f- i- q- V2.athom. hence a AooL 
 
 P">'^:i,) 5nare. Job 18: 9. Root D73i: T ^ '" ' ' 
 
 jif^ ti ''^ fish-hook^ like nh, ^"^D. Plur. n*lSS 
 
 Arab, pi^ ^o ^jyea^ye, or *>^ ic 6mc/. Am. 4: 2. 
 
 Snn'^tiS f. liter, destruction^ fromn:Q:, H. ;n3^ dec. X. a shield. Ps. 35 : 2. 
 
 hence nn^ttiSb /oreT;er, aft^oZwie/y, 91: 4. Ezek. 23 : 24. and that of the 
 
 entirely, i. q. JibS. Lev. 25 : 23, 30. larger size, (comp. 1 K. 10: 16, 17.) 
 
 pl2"l to be dry. spoken of the breasts. scutum., {^vgeog, which covered the 
 
 ^ ~^ . ' whole body of the soldier. Root 13:2 
 
 Hos. 9: 14. Deriv. pV2^^. ^ ^ '" ' 
 
 ItlS m. with suff. "i^.^lC, dec. VI. h. prob. i. q.Ci)V.>^ custodivit, protexit. 
 isDool. Lev. 13: 47. Deut. 22: 11. Is. HI. flSS^ dec. X. coolness. Prov. 25: 
 1:18. Hence 13^ Ro^t "jr-^ Chald. to be cool. 0th- 
 
 rri^SiS f. the foliage of trees, as if k- g^s: a vessel^ comp. n:^.:ii:. 
 
 na seu coma arbonim. Ezek. 17: 3, ^i.*'^ ^r wI'^SjS dec. III. a. i. q. ;i^31 
 
 22. 31:3, 10, 14. For similar trans- ^ ' - ^1 - ^ ^ -^ 
 
 fers of words from the animal to the ^wrfcaw. Is. 62: 3 Keth. 
 
 vegetable kingdom, see under the "niDS m- <3C. I. a water-course, a wa- 
 
 articles i?^.^, y^D, nnQ, ni52^'; also ^er/aZ;. 2 Sam. 5: 8. Ps. 42 : 8. (in 
 
 comp. oiog amxog, the flower, i. e. the Chald. idem.) 
 
 skin, of the sheep, (Horn. Od. i. 443.) f-^yi 1. to alight. Josh. 15: 18. 
 
 n^^^ proper name of a Syrian peo- " \ ^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^ 
 pie, mentioned only Gen. 10 : 18. scend or sink, i. q. n^*)in. Judg. 4:21 
 Some have very justly compared ^/^g ^moie the nail through his temples, 
 the name with that of the city Si- y^^^ ^^^^^ ^,,^ .^^e it sink into 
 myra, the ruins of which Shaw de- ', ' '^ ~ i *'c *i, c *. \t \ 
 scribes under the name of &wa. ^ch^"^ 
 
 t^^r\m proper name of a city in the q,^,^.^'^,,,, p,r. thorns. Num. 33: 
 tribe of Benjamin. Josh. 18 : 22. 2 -^^^^^ ^3^ ^3 g^^ .^ 
 
 nr::ioroo<"oi.Mocio# Lam. 3: 53. tf ^^T m. dec. III. a. a turban, hcad- 
 
 3 rt^l^l^t'''^'"^' '' ^''^'^' S'ls^'3:'^3!''fof the high'prirst 
 
 Vi. 'i. q. Kai Ps. 119: 139. ^^^^- ^'' ^- ^^* '^^""^ ^^ ""'"''^ ''^"'''^ 
 
 Hiph. i. q. Kal. Ps.54:7. 69:5. See ns:!!^. 
 
 101 : 5. D3S found only in the part. pass. Ci:iJ 
 
 Pilel nntt^. i. q. Kal. Ps. 88 : 17. "^^^^^ ^^^^ ^.^^^^^^^^ ^p^^^^ ^f. e^rg^ 
 
 Note. In the other dialects, this Gen. 4 1 : 23. (In Talmud, idem, in 
 
 root signifies to be silent. , i" *' , v 
 
 k..ip .1. r)i .-^w.- r> ^r. Samar. /lam. Syr. |.iQJO. a rock.) 
 
 yS. m. a thorn. Plur. ID'^S^ Prov. 22: -^ "^ v5 ' 
 
 5. Spoken of a thorn-hedge. Job 5: pS see p^^S. 
 
 t^^.^.^'^PT^P^' ''' ""^^ '"''"'P- :?22 io 6c L^, humble, modest. Part. 
 
pass, (with an active signification,) 2. to be bent down bv fetter^ Is 
 
 Prov. 11:2. In Chald. irfem. 51:14. 
 
 Hiph. to act humbly. Mic. 6: 8. 3. to lay down^ in reference to cop- 
 
 tlT^i fut. P]::i^, to wrap up or roll elation. Jer. 2: 20. 
 
 ' r^nd, (with 'a turban.) Lev. 16: 4. ^ j^ '3;^^ lf\ ^?^,^^^^^' ^^ 
 
 Is. 22: 18 ncri: ^D:<r-< ;nh:: /,e '^^^'^ Pro^^^^y- Is. 63: 1. (Others: to 
 
 shall roll thee ^cis a ball. Deny, out ^' ^'^' ""^P' '^^ ^^^^- C5*^ ''' 
 
 of course P]"":;^, r)?;ji2?J. mw>, aherravit^ superbus fuit, i. q. 
 
 riSDS f. verbal from r)::i, a 6a//. Is. Heb. Jiya.) 
 
 22: 18. See the preceding article. ^''' ''^' ^^^ "^- ^- J^^- ^8: 12. 
 
 np.lSnf ^/>oi or 6a.^'6^, to keep things '^"l^-^, ^' ^- "^^^^ ^" ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^ 
 
 *in."**Ex. 16: 33. Root T-^ prob. i. q. ^^^f' ^^' ^- ^^^ '^ 
 
 Arab. fAj^o to keep, lay up. fj^^-^ ^' ^^^' ^^^- ^' ^ '^^^^> covering. 
 
 niin:ir fem, plur. dec. XI. a. tubes, ^^- ^4: 65. 38 : 14. (Root Arab. 
 . " " , . . , ., ., ObtA^ conj. II. III. IV. to doubles- 
 pipes, through which the oil ran .^ , ,. , ,, ., ^ 
 from the oil-vessel (nVn) into the '^T f P^^^^P^ ?^^ ^T^^^ ^'*f.' ^^ 
 lamps. Zech. 4:12. According to J^^ich one part hung down in front 
 Simonis, a quadriliteral compounded ^^^^^f *^^ 7^1' ^"^ the other part 
 of -iisi a ;n;.e and -^n= tojow. '^^' ^^^^^^" ^^^^ ^^^'^ *^^"^- 
 '^:?!S <o go, proceed, move. Prov. 7: 8. '^^^.^. - ^^^- "^- ^ 
 
 T "^ in r r> ^- 1 1 . , 1. as an adj. ,sma//. Particularly 
 
 Jer 10: 5. Particularly to move sol- (j x ^,-,^,, ^^,1 Gen. 19: 31. With 
 
 emnly, 2 Sam 6 : 13. hence spok- the addition D^*:^b Job 30: 1. (2.) 
 
 en of Jehovah, Judg. 5 : 4. Ps. 68: , ^ ,.,,, . '^ , , ^\/ 
 
 8. Construed with an accus. to march T' ^^ 2 ^^^Ji^^nce, J udg. 6:15. 
 
 thrmgh (a country,) Hab. 3 : 12. '^^'P^'^'^^ ? ^ 19: 141. 
 
 Gen. 49: 22 ^^t> -^^J r\^vl ni:^ 2. proper name of a place. Once 
 
 -; T-.- IT "7 2 K 8*21 
 
 the daughters {of the tree,) i.e. the ^>^^.^ ' ' ^ ^, * i v 
 
 branches, reac/i or^er <Ae wall. By a '0^^ ^' '^^"''"^- ^""^"^ ^ ^-' ^^^- ^ 
 
 change of the vowel-points, tiizz minority, youth. Gen. 43: 33. 
 
 !inr^ i. q. Arab. BO^ao OU^ fil' ^:;2 to wander, to remove, spoken of 
 
 i(e ascensionis, i. e. fera^, onagri. ./ i /' * i. ^ \ r> 
 
 Hiph. to lead, bring: Job 18: 14. ^^^ ^""^"^"'- (^""^- (:>*-^-^ P^'" 
 
 Deriv. out of course '-\'J)112. ^^^ps liter, ^o /at/e /'ca^i* /or a jonr- 
 
 "-iTl m. verbal from -5^'2I,'dec. VI. c. '''^- ^^'"P" ^^"'^^ "^- ^- ^'' ^^'- ^^^ 
 
 a 'step. 2 Sam. 6: 13. Ps. 18: 37. 1^'^ ^''^''' P^^^P^^ "^"'^ ^^^" ^"^^^"^ 
 
 n^>-ir f. verbal from '^'J:z, dec. X. ^^^^ f ^^^^^^J" j?,^^?*' a^^o^^l"? to 
 
 T T ; - t' the bept. and largums, lams, on 
 
 1. a step, marching, (of God.) 2 the eastern mouth of the Nile. Num. 
 Sam. 5: 24. 13: 22. Is. 19: 11, 13. 30: 4. Ezek. 
 
 2. a short chain for the feet, ex- 30: 14. 
 
 tending from one foot to the other, X:^^-;^:^ ^asc. plur. the work of a 
 
 worn by the eastern women to give .-:- 
 
 them a short fashionable gate. (Arab. sculptor, statuary. 2 Chr. 3: 10. Root 
 
 ^1 ' *^ ' prob. :;): Arab. A^ finxit, coiifta- 
 
 0\^f^/C idem.) Comp. ^l^li^'^M. C 
 
 nri 1. to bend, incline, liltl {Arub. -^^ ^rjem aurifabri exercuit. The 
 
 ^ -^ 7 : \ last idea, however, does not apply, 
 
 (_^kjOi) e. g. a vessel, for the pur- see 1 K. 6: 23. 
 
 pose of drawing off the liquor. Jer. P?^ ^' ^- P^1 ^^^^^ particularly for 
 
 48: 12. help, Deut. 22 : 24, 27. Construed 
 
ISS 
 
 559 
 
 is:2 
 
 with bfi* of the person, Gen. 41: 55. 
 Judg. 4 : 3. with ^, 2 Chr. 13 : 14. 
 Also with an accus. of the thing 
 about which a person cries, Job 
 19: 7. 
 
 Pi. i. q. Kal. Once 2 K. 2: 12. 
 
 Hiph. to call together^ like p">Tln. 
 1 Sam. 10: 17. 
 
 Niph. pass, of Hiph. to be called or 
 io come together. Judg. 7 : 23, 24. 
 10: 17. 
 ripTl f verbal from JT^'^S, dec. XI. d. 
 
 a cry^ particularly for assistance. 
 Ex. 3 : 9. Job 34 : 28. Jer. 48 : 5. 
 Gen. 19: 13 Dnj^^.2 the cry concern- 
 ing them. 
 
 ^"^1 to be small. (Corap. ^^^Jl, '^^'^^O 
 
 Metaphorically to be brought low^ to 
 be debased, Jer. 30: 19. Job 14: 21, 
 (antith. ^^S.) Zech. 13 : 7. Deriv. 
 
 '^y^ and "IJ'IIIS {smallness^ comp.Gen. 
 
 19: 20.) proper name of a city on 
 the southern extremity of the Dead 
 sea. Gen. 13: 10. 19: 22, 30. Is. 15: 
 
 5. Jer. 48 : 34. Its more ancient 
 name was 5>^3. 
 
 ^SS to adhere^ to stick fast. tarn. 4: 8. 
 f / f 
 
 (Arab. ^>^ to bind.) 
 
 I. nD!2 1- to look about, particularly 
 
 r 
 
 down from a height. Spoken meta- 
 phorically of inanimate, objects. Cant. 
 7: 5. Part, nsi^i a watchman, (in a 
 tower or steeple,) 1 Sam. 14: 16. 2 
 Sam. 13: 34. 18: 24. Metaphorical- 
 ly a prophet, who should, like a 
 watchman, warn the people, Jer. 
 6: 17. Ezek. 3: 17. comp. Hab. 2: 1. 
 Hos. 9 : 8 D^nSi* riCiiS Ephraim 
 looks out (after oracles.) 
 
 2. to observe narrowly, construed 
 with an accus. Prov. 15: 3. 31 : 27. 
 with 2, Ps. 66 : 7. with yz, Gen. 
 31: 49": 
 
 3. to He in wait, construed with b. 
 Ps. 37: 32. Job 15: 22. 
 
 Pi. 1. i. q. Kal no. 1. 1 Sam. 4: 
 13. Part. tlDlt^ a watchman, Is. 21: 
 
 6. Applied metaphorically to proph- 
 ets, Mic. 7: 4. The thing looked out 
 
 for is preceded by bJ$, Lam. 4: 17. 
 by 2, Mic. 7: 7. Ps. 5: 4. 
 
 Deriv. S^^s^? ^|^^^ ^^V^.- 
 
 II. iTlSS found only in Pi. ns! to 
 
 overlay, (with gold, silver,) constru- 
 ed with two accus. Ex. 25: 24. 1 K. 
 6: 20 ff. 
 
 Pu. pass. Ex. 26 : 32. Prov. 26: 
 23. 
 
 Deriv. ^^Di2. 
 
 III. hS-S perhaps i. q. Arab. \.Aa3 
 
 abundavii. Is. 21: 5 n^D27j HfJ: ev- 
 ery thing is in abundance, redundat 
 redundantia. Better : they keep a 
 watch, according to no. I. See Ge- 
 sen. in loc. Others, from the Arab. 
 vAao clanim, defxcatum fuit vinum, 
 they refine the wine. 
 
 Tl^"! f verbal from P)12, dec. X. a 
 swimming. Ezek. 32: 6. 
 
 ^"^S^ m. verbal from insij ^^' ^^- * 
 metallic overlaying or covering. Nuni. 
 17: 3, 4. Is. 30: 22. 
 
 jiSS m- (fem. in signif no. 2.) dec. 
 lll.^a. 
 
 1. the north. (Perhaps liter, the 
 concealed, dark place, like n^og Cocfov 
 in Homer.) Num. 34: 7. b, "jTS^^'J 
 on the north of. Josh. 8: 11, 13. 
 With tl- parag. ^21522 northward^ 
 Gen. 13: 14. also with prepositions 
 n:iDi:r; bx Ezek. 8: 14. rT:i-::b 1 
 Chr. 26: 1 7. towards the north. Ji5^:d:?3 
 Josh. 15: 10. and b rT::2:^73 Judg. 
 21: 19. on the north side. 
 
 2. the north wind. 'Cant 4: 16. 
 
 3. the northern hemisphere, poetic- 
 ally for the whole heaven. Job 26: 7. 
 
 *3lt;!2 m- denom. adj. from 1^322^ 
 
 coming from the north, spoken of the 
 
 locusts. Joel 2: 20. 
 :P"1S2 Ezek. 4: 15 Keth. i. q. i-'Si. 
 ")"!-S? pl^r. C^SJ?, com. gen. 
 
 1. a sparrow. Ps. 84: 4. Prov. 26: 
 2. Root ID 22 in Arab, to chirp. 
 
 2. any small bird, particularly a 
 singing bird. Ps. 11: 1. 104: 17. 121: 
 
 7. Job 40: 29. Prov. 6: 5. 7: 23. 
 
])2 
 
 560 
 
 :^b:i 
 
 3. a bird generally. Deut. 4: 17. 
 14: 11. Lev. 14: 4. Gen. 7: 14 -b^ 
 
 ;):3-b3 "I'lB^ y'2i ^^r'^h ^i^^ ev- 
 ery fowl after his kind^ every bird of 
 every sort. Comp. Ezek. 1 7: 23. 39: 
 4, 17. Ps. 148: 10. 
 
 nnSS f. a cruise or cup ; e. g. for 
 water, 1 Sam. 26: 1 1 ff. for oil, 1 K. 
 17: 12. Chald. n'^CU idem. Arab, by 
 transposition nSHiZ a disJi^ vessel. 
 
 n'^S jS ^- verbal from ilDiJ no. I.dec. X. 
 a watching^ i. q. tl?!^^. Lam. 4. 17. 
 
 n'Tl'^S^ f. a caA;e, TJo/er. Ex. 16: 31. 
 
 Root nsi = ri2t2 to spread out. 
 
 Comp. in Greek -nXa'Aoeig, a cake. 
 j-^ES Ps. 17: 14 Keth. i. q. 15222, see 
 
 )h-Z no. 2. 
 L 5?*^DS m- dec. III. a. dung^ (of cat- 
 
 tie.) Ezek. 4: 15 Keri. (Arab. J^ 
 II. niZ^'^SS plur. Is. 22 : 24. of very 
 
 2. to preserve^ lay up. Part; 
 C'SJlSit goods^ treasures, Ps. 17: 14. 
 Construed with \^ to lay up for a per- 
 son, Ps. 31: 20. n^2 "jSir to lay up 
 in one'^s heart.. Job 10: 13. ^infi^ yo'Z 
 to lay up with one'^s self Prov. 2: 1 . 
 7:1. 
 
 3. to keep a person/rom any thing, 
 construed with "j^j. Job 17: 4. 
 
 4. to hold back., to stop. Prov. 27 : 
 16. 
 
 5. to hide one's self ; particularly 
 to lie in wait., construed with ^ of 
 the person. Prov. 1: 11, 18. Ps. 10: 8. 
 Without an object following, Ps. 
 56: 7. 
 
 Nipb. 1. t') be concealed from or 
 unknown to a person, construed with 
 ja. Job 24: 1. Jer. 16: 17. 
 
 2. to be finished., determined., ap- 
 pointed., construed with b. Job 15:20. 
 
 Hiph. i. q. Kal no. 1". to conceal. 
 Ex. 2: 3. Job 14:13. 
 
 Deriv. P Sir, D''3s:27:. 
 
 difficult explanation; according io "T^^^^^M'^ovah conceals) Zephaniah^ 
 the Targum and Kimchi,synonymous proper name of a well known pro- 
 with the preceding word ti'"N2^>fpw phet. Zeph. 1:1. Sept. ^ocfoviug. 
 offspring., issue. But no confirma- Vulg. Sophonias. 
 lion of this sense has yet been found Hj^SD DDSS an Egyptian name, 
 in the kindred dialects. Others: -" * ~ " "^ 
 
 diadems. See J. D. Michaelis Sup- 
 plem. p. 2132. 
 "I'^S-S ni. dec. 111. a. a he-goat. Dan. 8: 
 
 5, 21. Ezra 6: 17. 
 
 I. n"l'^2^ f- dec. X. a crown, diadem. 
 Is. 28: 5.' Root nsiS Arab, i/o to 
 weave a garland. 
 
 II. rn'^iS Ezek. 7 : 7, 10. Root 
 
 Arab, r^^^ to be waste, empty, to die. 
 
 Ti'^SS f verbal from hC22. Is. 21: 5. 
 See under i^Sli: no. III. 
 
 which Pharaoh gave to Joseph. 
 Gen. 41 : 45. The reading of the 
 Sept. ^%&Oficpavi]X ^i^d Wov&o^i- 
 q:civr}X comes nearer to the proper 
 Egyptian pronunciation ; comp. the 
 Copt. Psot-em-phanech (i.e. salussecu- 
 li.) Jerome: servator mundi. The ori- 
 ginal orthography of the word is 
 perhaps corrupted in the Hebrew, 
 (comp. ^"l^i<, tl'^itt,) in which lan- 
 guage it is explained by revelator oc- 
 culti, (Targ. Syr. Kimchi ;) but we 
 can hardly conceive that the word 
 should be of Hebrew origin. See 
 Jablonskii Opusc. ed. te Water, T. 
 I. p. 207216. 
 
 'JD^ , fut. I2i\ 1. to conceal. Ex. 2:2. ^^^^ m. Is. 14: 29. and "^-.n'SiT Is. 11 : 
 
 8.' 59: 5. Prov 23: 32. Plur. d'^ri^C^ 
 Jer. 8: 17. prob. the horned serpent. 
 Aqu. (jccaUiG'Aog. Vulg. regulus. (Ac- 
 cording to Michaelis, derived from 
 the Arab. rr2?S1i: tidaris, hence apic- 
 
 Part. pass. "ilSiZ concealed, inaccessi- 
 ble, sacred, Ezek. 7: 22. Particularly 
 in order to give protection, Ps. 27: 
 5- 83: 4 nyrr "^P.^-^ t^^ose under Je- 
 hovaWs protection, his clients. 
 
nS 561 *^n2 
 
 atus^ coronatus ; according to Bochart I. (tn adversary^ enemy, persecutor, 
 from ji-^ to breathe poison, inas- '^' ^- =^-''^^5 ^^^ ^"0"^ only in the la- 
 much as the ancients ascribed this ter books; e. g. Est. 7: 4, 6. Neh.4: 
 property to the basilisk.) 11. 9: 27. Roofi'iZJ no. II. Comp. 
 
 JTIDS found only in Pilp. V\:zt)^ to pip, '^\' ^^^;^\' . 
 
 ''.' ,. , ,^ *'' .; W. oMictton, distress, ^Tovci ^^)1 
 
 chirp, as a bird, T^tCfiif, GTQOvd^iQeiv. no. III. Ps. 4: 2. 44: 11. 78 : 42.^ 
 
 Is. 10: 14 38 .-14. Then used met- ^v' -,3^3 for ^\ '^^ n^-'i-ia whenlwas 
 
 aphorically of the gentle whispering, ^V- .' ; p^ 1 ft- 7" 66- U 106- 44 
 
 criirjfc .^.. ^o+u^,. r.c 4^u r iu ^"'^ oMicted. The fem. is nn22. 
 
 spirits, or rather of the voice of the ttf*^ , . ^l, ^,,: ^ t, k 
 
 necromancers who sought to imitate .o"*' " '^'"'' '' ^^ ^^' ^^^^ ^'^ ^^ 
 
 the manes. Is. 8: 19. . 
 
 nSD^SDS f according to the Hebrew ^^ '^' ^' ^ ^"'^' ^- ^- ^^^ ^^- ^- ^ 
 
 T X . *^ zek. 3: 9. 
 
 interpreters, a willow-tree, salix. E- 2. ^ jfcm/c. Ex. 4: 25. Comp. "nJliS: 
 
 zek. 17:5, where 3 must be sup- no. 3. 
 
 plied. (In Arab, idem.) Others: 3. Tyre, i. q. ^^22 q. v. 
 
 a plain; hence in a plain, by sup- ^-^^ in Niph. to be burned. Ezek. 21: 
 
 plying 2 . (So in Arab.) ~ \ 
 
 nt^n? rAroK ,5fK ( vo\ / / 3- [20:47.] Kindred with Pl-itJ, q^D. 
 
 nS^ (Arab, with LN3) io n.n, io go j^ ^hald. ni12Z rf^^i^o. ' ' 
 
 away. Judg J : 3 j^ ^^^ ;^^ ^^^^ 
 
 *l2 m. Chald. plur. t-'^Ci^, a 6ir<^, , ;. - - '' 
 
 /ot./. Dan. 4:9, 11, 18,*30. [4: 12, ^Z"^^^^-"-' scorching. Prov. 16: 27. 
 
 14, 21, 33.] lA. nn/lil Lev. 13: 23, 28. according 
 
 ?'inS^ m. dec. VII. a. a frog. Ex. 7: to the Sept. Vulg. Chald. a mark, 
 
 27, 28. 8 : 1 ff. Used as a collective ft'om Arab, ^r^ to impress, smite. 
 
 noun and then of the fem. gen. frogs, j^^-^^T proper name of a city in the 
 
 Ex. 8: 2. [8: 6.] ';.'.. ^ ^ -' 
 
 k,.u.^ ^ j^^ ^rj , tribe of Manasseh, not far from 
 
 Wf- " ^f?-^Jr \ ,r. , Scythopolis. 1 K. 1 1: 26. 2 Chr. 4:17. 
 
 1. anml (of the fanger.) Deut. 21: i ij^ gfead we find nils Judg.7: 
 12 Hence / r . .. o 
 
 2. the {diamond) point of a style, ?^' A"''?"!' ^""^V^f: *e t* "-ead- 
 mer. its nail. Jer 17 : 1. Comp! ">g is with n ;) and it .8 evidently the 
 Plin. N. H. xxKYU. cap. 4. (Chald. f "^P'ff "'* ''^IS J"'''. 3 : 16. 
 -iBUidem.) IK 4: 12. 7:46. 
 
 nSSV. the capital or cAo/H<er (of a "l^ ("'"'' ^"""^^ impure) fem. of 
 
 %< 7 '^ ... y . I ^yg^^/g adversary, particularly 
 
 As. <o a<iom. a Wt?a/. 1 Sam. 1. 6. 
 
 tek^k^.^ '^in^ ^J* distress, trouble. Is. 8:22. With 
 
 U JiJi see y ^ He parag. Ps. 120 : 1 -^ Jin^sra 
 
 j|^p2S see I\7p'^j[. when I was in distress; comp. Jon. 
 
 V * ' ' : g. 3 
 
 1 1 pp !S m. found only 2 K. 4: 42. a fcasf, ^ ' ^^ 
 
 ' ,* r. u I- .L * 1 1 I I IS see 1 l-S. 
 pouch. Perhaps from the Arab. rpi2 
 
 5 c-. ^ rrilS , Arab. j^ , to cry aloud. 
 
 ^y^^ a side, hence a side-bag. Zeph. 1- 14. 
 
 "IjI, with disjunctive accents and with Hiph. to shout for battle. Is. 42: 13. 
 
 the article 122, with suff. "'^^Z, plur. '^'12 Tyrian, a gentile noun from 
 
 D'"^^:, const, '^ir, dec. VIII. k. ri2 Tyre, 1 K. 7: 14. Ezra. 3: 7. 
 
 71 
 
^y. 
 
 562 
 
 ^n 
 
 T-lS m. Gen. 37: 25. and '^'nit. Gen. 43: 
 
 11. Jer. 8:22. 46:11. 51:8. in pause 
 '^bi Ezek. 27: 17. the juice of the 
 balsam hush^ opobalsamum^ a produc- 
 tion of Gilead, used for the healing 
 of external wounds. Root ln^:, Arab. 
 
 LSr^ to Jiow^ distil. Comp. Bo- 
 
 charti Hieroz. T. I. p. 628. Celsii 
 Hierobot. II. 180185. and for a 
 different view, J. D. Michaelis Sup- 
 plem. p. 2142. Warnekros in the Re- 
 pertorium fiir morgeniand. Littera- 
 tur, Th. XV. p. 227. and Jahn's 
 Bibl. Archaeol. 74. 
 n^nlS m- dec. III. a. a high buildings a 
 
 palace^ tower. Judg. 9: 46, 49. Spok- 
 en of old watchtowrs, 1 Sam. 13:6. 
 5 c ^ 
 
 (Arab. ^/-^^ a tower.) 
 
 ticularly the precious metals. 
 Hence ^in.ii a founder or workman in 
 gold and silver, Judg. 17 : 4. Prov. 
 25:4. 
 
 2. particularly to refine gold, sil- 
 ver, etc. by the lire, to separate the 
 dross. Ps. 12:7. Is. 1:25. 
 
 3. metaphorically to refine.^ purify^ 
 Dan. 11.35. Part. pass. Pjl-i^ pwri/i- 
 e(/,pwre,Ps. 18:31. 119: 14o! 
 
 4. to try.^ examine., prove. Ps. 17 : 
 3. 26:2. 105: 19. 
 
 Niph. pass. Dan. 12: 10. 
 Pi. i. q. Kal no. 1. Part. V\'-^^12 
 Mai. 3: 2, 3. 
 nlS^IJ^ (now Sarfend^) a contraction 
 
 of n:5"):, hence with He parag. 
 ^insni:, Sarepta, proper name of a 
 Phenician city between Tyre and 
 Sidon. 1 K. 17: 9, 10. Obad. 20. 
 
 1^ m. dec. VI. p. need., necessity. 2 I. 1")^ (Arab, with ^jc 
 
 and Rabbin. ^ ^^ bind up or together, { 
 
 Chr. 2: 15. (In Chald. and Rabbin 
 more common.) 
 
 ^nZS see under fl^'l-S. 
 
 ~ T ~ T 
 
 n^'lS f Ex. 23: 28. Deut.7: 20. Josh. 
 
 -r 
 
 24: 12. according to the ancient ver- 
 sions and the Hebrew interpreters, 
 hornets. Comp. Bocharti Hieroz. II. 
 p. 534. Perhaps plagues, public ca- 
 
 ^ J* ^ 
 
 .KD 
 
 to 
 
 lamities, plag(B Dei, (from P r 
 cast doKDu.) 
 Ti^l'^ proper name of a city in the 
 
 plain of the tribe of Judah, but af- 
 terwards assigned to the tribe of 
 Dan. Josh. 15: 32. 19:41. Judg. 13: 
 2. The gentile noun is ^:^^'i:z 1 Chr. 
 
 2: 54. and in2?n:i verse 53. 4:2. ^^ ^.^^. , .., .\ 
 " " II. ins (Arab, with (jo-) 
 
 n5?"lS f. dec. XIII. m. the leprosy, ei- 
 
 in a cloth 
 or bundle.) Ex. 12": 34. Job 26: 8. 
 Prov. 30: 4. 1 Sam. 25: 29 bound up 
 in the bundle of the living, i. e. writ- 
 ten in the book of the living. Hos. 
 13: 12 the iniquity of Ephraim is 
 bound up, i. e. taken away, comp. 
 Job 14: 17. 
 
 2. to embrace or hold fast. Hos. 
 4: 19. 
 
 3. to shut up. 2 Sam. 20: 3. 
 Note. Of this verb there occur in 
 
 Kal the pret. ^"i^T, part. pass. ni"\2, 
 imper. li2 Is. 8: 16. to which some 
 add nh^; Prov. 26 : 8, as an infin. 
 Some other tenses and persons bor- 
 row their form from "^^1. See 'iniC 
 no. II. 
 
 Deriv. '^h^. 
 
 ther in men. Lev. 13 : 2 ff. or in 
 houses and garments. Lev. 13 : 47 
 59. 14:3337. In men strictly ^/te 
 white leprosy, comp. Ex. 4: 6. Num. 
 12 : 10. Hence the denom. i"^"i:i 
 Lev. 13: 44. 22: 4. and S^'n^Sl'i 2 K. 5: 
 1, 27. 15:5. leprous, infected with the 
 leprosy. 
 
 1. to be hostile to, to persecute. Num. 
 33: 55. Is. 11: 13. Construed with 
 a dative, Num. 25 : 18. Hence part. 
 mil i. q. 122 a persecutor, an enemy, 
 Ps!' 6: 8. 7: 5". 23: 5. 
 
 2. to be jealous, to be a rival. Lev. 
 18: 18. 
 
 Deriv. ^:, !Ti:. 
 III. ^'i'S, i- q. ^^'-^ no. I. but used 
 
 jr|"122, fut. ^^^\ 1. to melt, fuse, par- iatrans. to be narrow or straitened.. 
 
nnp 563 ^np 
 
 Tret. ^2, fern. n"ji Is. 49: 20. Con- 28: 22. 33: 12. Part. rT^iST: H'^^N a 
 
 strued impersonally "? n^ (l.) /am woman in childbirth., Jer, 48: 41. 
 
 in a strait., I am in trouble. Ps. 31 : 10. ^^' ^^ 
 
 69: 18. Judg. 11: 7. 1 Sam. 28: 15. I^eriv. ^^2. 
 
 2 Sam. 24: 14. (2.) / am much griev- '^^"^ and 11")^ m. verbal from I'-ii: 
 
 erf, construed with b^. 2 Sam. 1: 26. * t rl T * 
 
 In a similar .construction occurs ^^' J^- dec. 1. . ^ ^^ ^ 
 
 also the fut. ^b n:'i, see n:i- no. II. ^ ^v ^^J^^^' ^^^' ^ ?^"^- ^^^ 2^' 
 
 Hiph. -,^r: " infin ~n2:rT " Particularly a purse or 6ag for mon- 
 
 . ; - ' /; ^' ^. ey, Gen. 42: 35. Prov. 7: 20. For 
 
 1. trans, to oppress., distress^ afflict ; pj.Qy 26- 8 see 11723 -\ 13 
 construed with a dative. Deut. 28: ^ '. * ' ?...-' 
 
 62. Jer. 10: 18. Neh. 9 : 27. Fut. , |- '" ^- ^J^' '^^^r^ ? '"'f ^ '/^"'' 
 IX"* 1 K 8- 37 ^am. 17: 13. a ^rmn, /cerwe/, Amos 
 
 2. intrans. as in Kal, to be distress- 
 
 td, construed with a dative. 2 Chr. JTl"i:^ and "IDIj^ see Tl'^ill, 
 
 Koph^ the 19th letter of the alpha- 24: 1. Imper. with suff. isSJi Num. 
 bet, and as a numerical sign denot- 23: 13, with Nun epenthetic! 
 mg lUU. ^ b.^p ^^g stomach or maw o/" animals 
 
 The name Pj^-:) is i. q. Arab. 0^ ^^'^^ '^'^ ^^//"^' *''^^^"*- ^^"^- ^^- 
 
 joramen acus vel securis. c. r k u X . % 7 \ 
 
 For its few commutations with the ^' ^^^^^- * ^ '^'"*-) 
 
 other palatals, see the letters :, =). j^^p ^^^^^ ^,y j^^^ 25 : 8. prob. 
 
 j^ m. verbal from 4<ip, dec. I. a vom- ^' 5 / / ^ > 
 
 it., matter thrown from the stomach. i. q. Arab. ^ ^-^^, <-^^ the part be- 
 
 Prov. 26: 11. tween the ribs and the rump. Sept. fni]- 
 
 rii^p f. with the article Di^prt, const. ^i>- Vulg.gemia/ia. Perhaps also nip 
 
 n^p, a water fowl, (LeV. 'l 1 : 18. '^^^^' ^^" ^^P^ ^- ^^ ^^^^^' "^^r"^?^. 
 
 Deiit. 14:17.) which also inhabits the fundament., from ^J)': to pierce. 
 
 waste places, (Is. 34: 11. Zeph. 2: tl^t> f. a sleeping chamber. Once 
 
 14. Ps. 102: 7.) according to the an- "'*' 5 tC.jj 
 
 cient versions, iAe/7e/ican. Root prob. Num. 25: 8. (Arab. '^-^^ irfem. 
 
 i^ip to vomit, from t/ie vomiting up of Hence the Span, alcova^ Engl, ai- 
 
 muscles and other indigestible things, ^ove ) 
 
 i^hetwate'iTi^rds^ ^^^ ^^^'''^" ^"^ Y^lip m. dec. I, a company, multitude. 
 
 --.^ av a c^n-L IS- 57: 13. Root X^D. 
 
 2p m. 2 K. 6: 25. a cab., a measure ^_^^^ ^ , , V '' , , v 
 
 '- ' rn^Dp f- verbal from ^5j5, dec. X. 
 
 according to the Rabbins containing -^ ' : 
 
 the sixth part of a seah, (ni<D.) . ^^^^' s6;?/c/ire. Gen. 35: 20. 
 
 n:}p ^o ea:ecra^e, curse, i. q. SpVno. 3, ^^j^ *^a^ ^^^ ^s^' 
 q.V From this form come only the Pi- '?R 1- < ^^i recede, synon- 
 
 pret. infin, and imper. Num. 23: 8 fif. ymous with nj^b ; but used only ia 
 
Wp 564 lip 
 
 later Hebrew. 2 Chr. 29: 16, 22. withdraw^ lose. Joel 2: 6. Nah. 2:11. 
 
 Ezra 8: 30. See n^iNE. 
 
 2. to accept. Job 2: 10. Esth. 4: Pu. pass, of Pi. no. 1. Ezek. 
 4. 9: 23, 27. Applied to the receiv- 38 : 8. 
 
 ing of instruction, Prov. 19: 20. Hithpa. reflex. Josh. 9: 2. Judg. 
 
 3. to take up. 1 Chr. 12: 18. 9: 47. 
 
 Hiph. to stand over against one "^^'^^p see ^5^!S^i^'^ 
 
 another. Ex. 26: 6. 36: 12. - : ^'- " " r '-:' 
 
 ^Dp found only in Pa. to receive. Dan. HSDp f. verbal from yij^, dec. X. a 
 
 2: 6. 6: 1. 7: 18. collecting., gathering. Ezek. 22: 20. 
 
 ^iQp and pDp Chald. strictly i. q. ^i2 'iDp, fut. "nZj:^, to bury. Gen. 23: 4, 
 
 what is before or in front. Hence 19. 25: 9. 
 
 bnjP^, with suif. ^lijP^, as a prepo- Niph. pass. Ruth 1 : 17. Judg. 
 
 sition, ^'- ^^ 
 
 1. before. Dan. 2: 31. 3: 3. 5: 1. ^i- i- q- K^l. 1 K. 11: 15. 
 
 2. over against. Dan. 5: 5. P"- P^^- ^^^n. 25: 10. 
 
 3. on account of because of Dan. iDp m. with suff. ''n^p, plur. D'^'nip, 
 5: 10. Ezra 4: 16. ^^'^^g^ ^^^p ^^^ ni^^p, const. 
 
 4. m combination with other par- . "' , , ^ ^'' 
 tides, (1.) ^r, i:npb as a conj. be- ^''">^R' ^- ^'^rbal from ^np, dec. 
 cw56 i/ia^ Ezra 7: 13. (2.) ->5 VI. h. a ^m^e, ^e/^w/cAre. Ps. 5: 10. 
 1^-bnp idem, Dan. 6 : 5, 23. where- ^^"- ^^^ 9, 20. 
 
 fore, Dan. 2: 10. as, Dan. 2: 40. 6: !n*]&?nn"'D*Tl2p {graves of lusting) 
 
 11. (3.) n:':i-Vnp-l:S/or t/iw cai*5e. ^ame of a place in the desert, the 
 
 Dan. 2: 12, 24. occasion of which is given Num. 11: 
 
 ^Di^ , in other editions bsp (read ^0- 34. Comp. Num. 33 : 16. Deut. 
 
 ^^'t:' '''^ ' 9:22. 
 
 bdl,) i. q. b^p, a prep, before. 2 K. ^^p ^^^^^ ^^^1^ j^^ ^j^^ f^^^ ^j.,^ pl^^.^ 
 
 15: 10 05? bnp before the people. "!;^^ /^ uu nu u r \ ^ 
 
 - -*- -^ %. ; si^p-^, (with a Chaldaic form,) to in- 
 
 The form resembles that of the , , j , , c o/ ^ oo 
 
 rh M hT!) chne, bend, bow. 1 Sam. 24 : 9. 28: 
 
 ^naia. D^,^. 14. It is usually followed by mnntn, 
 
 jnp m. whence n::ip Ezek. 26 : 9. ^^ . ^^ t^ . _ q. J''t^' * 
 
 '^Tl .. '''^ , ., Gen. 24: 26. Ex. 12: 27. 34:8. Num. 
 
 in other editions "Jlr^p^ kabollo (like ^2: 31. IK. 1: 16. 
 
 ''SDp^ from ]bp.) See TlT:. i-i'rjp f. Ex. 30: 24. Ezek. 27: 19. ac- 
 
 5?5p 1. to defraud, rob. Mai. 3: 8, 9. cording to the Syr. Chald. Vulg. the 
 
 2. to spoil, construed with two ac- ^^J 
 
 cus. Prov. 22: 23. Arabian cassia, i. q. 5'^i?^. Root ^" 
 
 n>'3P f- a kind of cup. Is. 51: 17, 22. ^^ ^Z^^^^' 
 
 --' 5 ^ c ^ D^^llp masc. plur. found only Judg. 
 
 (Arab. ^^-^^ the calix of a flower ; 5: 21 D'^^^^p bW perhaps ^/le feroofc 
 
 comp. :s?ni3 and S'nip.) of ancient days, i. e. celebrated from 
 
 Vlllp, fut. yzp"'., ^0 ga^/ier together, ancient days. Sept. Vatic. %eifioc^- 
 
 (persons or things.) Gen. 41: 48. 1 ^^^^ aQya'mv. Chald. rivits, in quo 
 
 TT oQ. 1 facta sunt Israeli signa et jortiajacta 
 
 Niph.* to gather one's selves togeth- ^ antiquis. Or, brook of slaughters, 
 
 er, to assemble. Is. 34: 15. 43: 9. comp. D-.p no. 3. and the Arab. pCA5 
 
 Pi. 1. as in Kal, to assemble, gather f^ jg ^q/^^^ courageous. 
 
 T^'n^ltu': ^' " '^'"' ^'' *' 'l^E ""-^ Olj"? verbal adj. from an;,, 
 2. i. q, ^r^ti no. 4. ^0 draw in, dec. III. a. holy ; spoken of Jehovah, 
 
aiP 
 
 565 
 
 Dip 
 
 Ps. 99 \ 3. of the people, Lev. 11: 
 44. of sacred places, Lev. 6: 9. [6: 
 17.] ''i^T'^p the holy one^ i. e. by way 
 of eminence, Jehovah, Job 6 : 10. 
 Is. 40: 25. Hab. 3:3. Also "^bi-jp 
 -^."l^*! ^^^ ^o/y one of Israel i.e. Je- 
 hovah, Ps. 71: 22. and in Isaiah^ fre- 
 quently. 
 
 Plur. D'^'iJT^p the holy ones^ by 
 which is denoted (l.) angels^ partic- 
 ularly in later Hebrew, (see UJ'']p.) 
 Dan. 8: 13. Job 5: 1. 15: 15. Zech. 
 14:5. Ps. 89 : 6, 8. perhaps Deut. 
 33: 3. Hence (2.) the pious. Ps. 16: 
 3. 34: 10. (3.) the Jews^ (see again 
 UJ-^^j:.) Dan. 8: 24. (4.) as a plura- 
 lis excellentiae, Jehovah. Hos. 12: 1. 
 Josh. 24: 19. Prov. 9: 10. 30: 3. 
 Uyp (in Arab, to strike fire.) 
 
 1. to kindle^ to cause to hum. Jer. 
 17:4. Is. 50: 11. 64: 1. 
 
 2. to kindle itself. Deut. 32: 22. 
 Jer. 15: 14. 
 
 nil'^jP f- verbal from n'^jP, ahot fever. 
 
 Lev. 26: 16. Deut. 28: 22. 
 
 Q'^'lp m. verbal from tnp^. 
 
 1 . liter, what is before or in front. 
 Hab. 1:9 Tiiy^'^p^ forwards. 
 
 2. the east, i. q. mp.. Ezek. 47:18. 
 48: I. 
 
 3. the east wind, in full D'^np tin"!. 
 This in the east is an extremely tem- 
 pestuous wind, Job 27: 21. Is. 27: 8. 
 Jer. 18: 17. also felt at sea, Ps. 48 : 
 8. Ezek. 27: 26. and by its scorching 
 heat blasting the grain and plants. 
 Gen. 41:6, 23. Jon. 4: 8. Metaphor- 
 ically, like t]^1, something vain, van- 
 ity, Hos. 12:~2. 
 
 X!i^'^ip_ Chald. adj. holy ; e. g. 1%^Vni. 
 'J'^'ij'^'^p the holy gods, Dan. 4 : 5, 6. 
 [4: 8, 9.] 5: 11. Used particularly 
 (1.) of angels, Dan. 4:10. [4: 13.] 
 See D'^-i;=np no. (l.) (2.) of the 
 Jews, Dan. 7 : 21. in full ^'^'^'ip 
 *i"'Dii^y the saints of the Most High, 
 Dan! 7 : 18, 22, 25. comp. 1 Esd. 8 : 
 70 ayooL xov vipiarov. 
 
 Dip found only in Pi. D'^ip 
 
 1. to precede, go before. Ps. 68: 26. 
 
 Construed with an accus. of the per- 
 son, Ps. 89: 15. 
 
 2. to be beforehand, to anticipate, 
 construed with an accus. Ps. 17: 13. 
 119: 148. Hence with an infin. it 
 forms a periphrasis of the adverb be- 
 fore, Jon. 4: 2 nh^b ""riTaiR /^ed be- 
 fore, i. e. recently. 
 
 3. to fall upon. Ps. 18: 6, 19. 
 
 4. to do early, to rise up early, i. q. 
 d-'S-iJn. Ps. 119: 147. 
 
 5." to meet, construed with an ac- 
 cus. of the person ; particularly with 
 help, Ps. 59: 11. 79: 8. Job 3 : 12. 
 Also spoken of an adverse event. Job 
 30: 27. Is. 37: 33 p.73 HS^ip^ N> wo 
 shield shall meet it {the city,) i. e. shall 
 be turned to it. Construed with 3 
 of the thing, to bring, (comp. a 
 no. 2.) Deut. 23 : 5. Micha 6 : 6! 
 Neh. 13: 2. So without a, Ps. 21: 4. 
 
 Hiph. 1. i. q. Pi. no. s'. to fall on 
 a person, (spoken of a calamity,) 
 construed with ^ya. Am. 9: 10. 
 
 2. to be first in doing a sei^ice, 
 construed with an accus. Job 41:3. 
 [41:11.] 
 
 Deriv. out of course D'^^q^'ip, Q"'1p. 
 J^p m. verbal from Dnp, dec. VI. a. 
 
 *1 . strictly what is before or in front. 
 As an adv. before, Ps. 139:5. Hence 
 
 2. the east, the east country, (comp. 
 ^inN.) Job '^2>:^.U^;^l2 towards the 
 east, Gen.2:8. 12:8.-b 0^^.73 to the east 
 of. Gen. 3 : 24. D'lp. ^ZZ the sons of 
 the east, i. e. the Bedouin Arabs in 
 the deserts east of Palestine, Job I : 
 
 3. Is. 11: 14. Jer. 49: 28. Ezek. 25: 
 
 4. 1 K. 5: 10. [4: 30.] Judg. 6: 3 ff. 
 Here belong also Q'lp ""^b^ Is. 19 : 
 1 1 . Dnp y-l.fi^. Gen. 25: 6.* and V^.N; 
 ft'ip ^2z Gen. 29: 1. The following 
 passage is more doubtful. Is. 2:6 
 DIP^J ^Nb^ they are full of the east, 
 i. e. prob. of the magic arts of the 
 Syrians and Chaldeans. Comp. 9:11. 
 
 3. spoken of time, former times, 
 used in poetry for D^i:?. Ps. 44 : 2. 
 Is. 23: 7. nip.'S from former times, 
 Ps. 74: 12. 77:* 6, 12. As an adv. 
 (l.) aforetime, Jer. 30: 20. Lam. 5: 
 21. (2.) a long time, Ps. 55: 20. 
 (The usual expression in prose is 
 
pnp 
 
 566 
 
 mp 
 
 t3'^2BV, D"^3B^?3.) Also as a prep, be- 
 fore^ Prov. 8 : 22. Plur. primordia^ 
 Prov. 8: 23. 
 tD^p 2c?em ; hence tl^'71?. towards the 
 ^east^ Gen 25: 6. Ex. 27: 13. 
 iD'iP, Dip Chald. prep, before^ in 
 
 space ; more rarely in time, e. g. 
 Dan. 7: 7. With suff. in the plur. as 
 
 ^tt'ip^, 'ni73'ip^^. cnp^. I?: i. q. Heb, 
 ^2^12^ "^ 2S^7J a coram^ e. g. Dan. 2: 
 15. for the most part simply i. q. "j^D, 
 Dan. 2: 6. 6: 27. or D'lp^., Dan. 5:24. 
 Jl/QlP dec. X. i. q. D'lp nos. 1, 2. 
 
 used only in the const, state, as a 
 preposition, before^ i.e. to the east of. 
 Gen. 2: 14. 4 : 16. 1 Sam. 13: 5. E- 
 zek.39: 11. 
 
 T]l21p f. verbal from 'D'lp , dec. X. 
 
 origin^ Is. 23 : 7. former state^ Ezek. 
 16:55. Used in the const, state, as a 
 prep, and with the omission of "l^^f, 
 as a conj. before that^ Ps. 1 29: 6. 
 n^lp Chald. idem. n^'lJ^-]73 as a 
 
 33: 16. More in full ^^^iri 'ipnjp the 
 hairy crown or scalp^ Ps. 68: 22. 
 nip 1. to be black, to be darkcolmred, 
 
 spoken e. g. of the skin burnt by the 
 sun, Job 30: 28. to grow black, spok- 
 en of the day, of the sun and moon, 
 Jer. 4: 28. .Toel 2: 10. 4: 15. [3: 15.] 
 Mic. 3: 6. 
 
 2. to be dirty, muddy, turbid, spok- 
 en of a river. Job 6:16. Hence to go 
 in dirty garments, to be in mourning. 
 Part, -rip a mourner, Ps. 35: 14. 38: 
 7. 42:1*6. 
 
 Hiph. 1. to make dark. Ezek. 32: 
 7,8. 
 
 2. to cause to mourn. Ezek. 31: 15. 
 
 Hithpa. to blacken one^s self, to be- 
 come black. 1 K. 1 8: 45. 
 
 lip m, a proper name. 
 
 1. the son of Ishmael. Gen. 25:13. 
 
 2. a tribe of Arabian nomades 
 descended from Kedar. Cant. 1: 5. 
 Is. 42: 11. 60: 7. Jer. 49: 28. Ezek. 
 27: 21. also called -^np. ^2^ Is. 21:17. 
 In Pliny (H. N. v. 11.) Cedrei. 
 
 prep, before, hence m nlQip )12 P"l7p. 0^^ turbid, comp. Job 6: 16.) 
 Dan. 6: 11. ln2^-n73^p,X5 Ezra5: 11. a brook and valley of the same 
 before, aforetime. ' ~ ' name between Jerusalem and mount 
 
 limp, fern. rt_, denom. adj. from Olivet The brook empties itself in- 
 ) ' ;i-' ^' "^ to the Dead sea. 2 Sam. 15 : 23. 1 
 
 p'lp, eastern. Ezek. 47: 8. K. 2: 37. 15:13. 2K.23:4. Jer. 31: 40. 
 
 *'3blpm. D"., fdenom.adj. from fi'np. fl'^llp f verbal from 'I'lp, blackness, 
 
 ij 
 
 i. front, fore. Ezek. 10: 19. 11: 1. 
 
 2. eastern. "^2)2^^11 12*51 the east- 
 ern sea, i. e. the Dead sea, in oppo- 
 sition to the western or Mediterranean, 
 Ezek. 47:18. Joel 2: 20. 
 
 3. ancient, belonging to former 
 times. Ezek, 38: 17. Plur. D'^373ljP the 
 'ancients or forefathers, J oh 18. 20. 1 
 Sam. 24: 14 ^272^'p_^ b'u^'D a proverb 
 of the ancients, (where the singular 
 is used collectively.) Plur. fem. 
 ni^j73ip things of old. Is. 43: 18. 
 
 4. proper name of a Canaanitish 
 people. Gen. 15: 19. 
 
 *^l3ljP Chald. the first. Plur. Dan. 7: 
 
 24. Fem. emph. ^^n^^lj^ Dan. 7: 4. 
 plur. Nn^TJljP Dan.'i':'d." 
 IjPip m. with suff. i^Tj^^p, dec.VII.j. 
 the crown, head. Gen, 49: 26. Deut. 
 
 11 
 
 darkness. Is. 50: 3. 
 p^j'^lp adv. mournfully, in sadness^ 
 
 from n'jp. Mai. 3: 14. 
 "J3lp and bip (Num. 17 : 2.) fut. 
 
 ^ii'P"'. . 
 
 1 . to be sacred or holy, Ex. 29: 37. 
 30: 29. to become sacred or holy, Ex. 
 29: 21. Is. 65: 5 '^^riUJ'ip / am holi- 
 er than thou, for '^7272 'Tj^'lp. The 
 primary meaning was probably to be 
 clean, comp. Lev. 11: 43, 44. Deut. 
 23:14. 2 Sam. 11:4. 
 
 2. to be consecrated, to fall to the 
 sanctuary. Deut. 22: 9. 
 
 Niph. 1 . to be sanctified. Ex. 29: 
 43. Is. 5: 16. 
 
 2. to be regarded or treated as ho- 
 ly, to be hallowed. Lev. 10: 3. 22:32. 
 
 3. to show one^s self holy or glori- 
 
mp 
 
 567 
 
 t3ip 
 
 ous in a person, construed with 2 ; 
 either by benefits, Ezek. 20: 41. 
 28: 25. or by judgments, Ezek. 28 : 
 22. Num.20: 13. 
 
 Pi. 'i;Tp 1. to make holy^ to conse- 
 crate^ dedicate^ sanctify ; e. g. a per- 
 son for the priest's office, Ex. 28:41. 
 an altar, Ex. 29 : 36. a people, Ex. 
 19: 10, 14. Josh. 7: 13. comp. Job 1: 
 5. a finished building, Neh. 3:1. 
 Particularly to consecrate as an offer- 
 ing to God, Deo consecrare^ Ex. 13: 
 
 2. Comp. Hiph. 
 
 2. to regard as holy^ e. g. a priest. 
 Lev. 21: 8. the sabbath, Ex. 20 : 8. 
 God, Deut. 32: 51. 
 
 3. to pronounce holy^ (spoken of 
 Jehovah,) e. g. the sabbath, Gen.2: 
 
 3. the people. Lev. 20: 8. 21: 8. 
 
 4. to appoint^ institute^ proclaim^ 
 (something holy ;) e. g. a fast, Joel 
 1:14. 2: 15, (parall. N^p.) a festi- 
 val assembly, 2 K. 10 : 20. "IJ-ip 
 !n^Jl^73 to sanctify a war^ i. e. to 
 prepare one's self for it, (which 
 was connected with religious solem- 
 nities, comp. Ps. 110: 3. 1 Sam 7: 9, 
 10.) Joel 4: 9. [3: 9.] Jer. 6: 4. Mic. 
 3: 5. 
 
 5. to separate as holy. Ex. 19 :23. 
 Pu. 1. pass, of Pi. no. 1. Ezek. 
 
 48:11. 
 
 2. pass, of Pi. no. 4. Is. 13 : 3 
 "'.Zi^pXsb my consecrated ones^ those 
 whom I have consecrated for war. 
 
 Hiph. 1. i. q. Pi. no. 1. Deo con- 
 secrare. Lev. 27: 14 if. Judg. 17:3. 
 2 Sam. 8: 11. 
 
 2. i. q. Pi. no. 2. to sanctify., to re- 
 gard as holy. Is. 8: 13. 29 : 23. Num. 
 20:12. 
 
 3. i. q. Pi. no. 3. to pronounce ho- 
 ly. Jer. 1: 5. 1 K. 9: 3. 
 
 4. to set apart^ appoint. Jer. 12: 3. 
 Zeph. 1:7. 
 
 Hithpa. 1. to sanctify or purify 
 one''s self (by washings, lustrations.) 
 Ex. 19:22. 2 Chr. 5 : 11. 29 : 15. 
 Comp. Kal no. 1. 
 
 2. to show one''s self holy or glori- 
 ous. Ezek. 38:23. 
 
 3. to be kept or celebrated^ spoken 
 of a festival. Is. 30: 29. 
 
 Deriv. out 6f course Ui'^'^j?, UJi'ij?, 
 t'n p. 
 
 tIj . 
 
 ^"Ip m. verbal from i5']p, dec. V. a. 
 
 1. a male prostitute^ a sodomite^ 
 puer mollis^ liter, one consecrated. 
 Deut. 23: 18. 1 K. 14: 24. 15: 12. 
 Fern, n'^lj^p a female prostitute^ a 
 harlot, Gen." 38: 21, 22. Deut. 23: 18. 
 In the religious worship of the Ara- 
 means, which prevailed also at times 
 among the Hebrews, both maidens 
 and boys prostituted themselves in 
 honour of their idols. Comp. Num. 
 25: 115. Herod, i. 150. and the 
 passages already quoted. 
 
 2. UJ'ip^ and ypn? t'lp^ Num. 34: 
 4. Deut. 1: 2, 19. 2:14. proper name 
 of a place in the desert, which lay 
 south of Palestine between Idumea 
 and Egypt. Gen. 14: 7. Num. 13: 3. 
 27: 14. 33: 36, 37. See Relandi Pal- 
 aestina, p. 114. 
 
 wS'lp L a city in the south of the 
 
 tribe of Judah. Josh. 15: 23. 
 
 2. a city in the tribe of Naphtali. 
 Josh. 12: 22. 19: 37. 21: 32. Judg. 
 4: 6. 1 Chr. 6:61. Also written ^ii'-ip^ 
 Judg. 4: 9. 
 
 3. a city in the tribe of Issachar. 
 1 Chr. 6 : 57. Also called "JV'iJp. 
 Josh. 19: 20. 21: 28. 
 
 "d'Tp m- once '^nip (Dan. 11 : 30.) 
 with suif. "^^Ip, plur. D'^UJip, also 
 D'^d'lp (read, kodashim,) verbal from 
 ilj'ip, dec. VI. m. 
 
 1 ' holiness. Ps. 89 : 36. Usually 
 employed as a genitive after anoth- 
 er noun for a periphrasis of the ad- 
 jective holy ; as '^'plp Q"43 my holy 
 name. Lev. 20:3. '^^i'lp n^"l thy holy 
 spirit., Ps, 51: 13. 
 
 2. a holy place, a sanctuary, spok- 
 en of the tabernacle of the congre- 
 gation and of the temple. Ex. 28: 
 43. 29: 30. 35: 19. 39: 1. And par- 
 ticularly i. q. b'D'"n the holy place be- 
 fore the oracle, 1 K. 8: 8. 
 
 3. what is holy or sacred, the ab- 
 stract being used for the concrete. 
 Lev. 12: 4. 21: 6 Uiip ^^n"] andthey 
 {the priests) shall be holy. Jer. 2: 3. 
 
 4. something consecrated, a sacred 
 
br]P 
 
 568 s^^p 
 
 gift. Particularly in the plur. D'ni?'i|? Ji 
 Lev. 21: 22. 22: 2, 3, 15. 
 
 5. D^UJ^J^ -ilinp (l.) what is very 
 holy^ spoken e. g-. of the altar and 
 sacred utensils, Ex. 29 : 37. of the 
 sacred gifts, etc. Plur. D"'-i;nj^. "^'^inp 
 idem^ Lev. 21 : 22. Ezek.'42 : 13^ 
 (2.) the holy of holies in the temple, 
 otherwise called "T'ni. Ex. 26: 33, 
 31. More in full D'^-ii'ij'pr; -cnb n'^2 
 2 Chr. 3 : 8, 10. Sometimes simply 
 UJ'ipn, Ezek. 41: 23. 
 
 nnjP to be blunted.^ spoken of teeth. 
 Jer.31: 29,30. Ezek. 18: 2. 
 
 Pi. nrrp idem., intrans. spoken of 
 iron. Ecc. 10: 10. Comp. nri3. 
 
 pflp in Kal not used. 
 
 Hiph. to assemble., call together., (a 
 people.) Num. 8: 9. 10: 7. 20: 8. 
 
 Niph. to assemble^ come together. 
 Num. 16: 3. 
 
 Deriv. out of course D-^^Sip^, 
 
 7SIJP m. verbal from bJijP, dec. IV. a. 
 
 an assembly., congregation ; particu- 
 larly of the Israeliiish people. This 
 people is called bn|>rj Lev. 4: 13. 
 
 ^^?5 ^5^1 ^- V. and in Arabic much 
 more frequently. 
 
 The greatest difficulty attends the 
 explanation of this proper name, 
 which evidently has some significan- 
 cy. The two following have been 
 proposed from the Hebrew language, 
 (1.) the assembler., or rather preacher 
 before an assembly.^ Lat. concionator. 
 Sept. ixi(lt]GtaGTf]g. Vulg. Ecclesias- 
 tes. Luth. Prediger. (2.) the collector., 
 (namely, of maxims, proverbs, etc.) 
 Symm. TTaootfit^uoxrjg. But bnp sig- 
 nifies only to assemble people, not to 
 collect things. In Arabic, the root 
 yg,3 signifies exaruit cutis, pecul. ex 
 
 multa spirituali exercitatione ; conj. 
 V. lente incessit., debili et infrmo statu 
 fuit ; comp. Vg^rs to be old. Hence 
 
 nV,in[p would signify an old man who 
 has reflected much and had great expe- 
 rience. It is in Arabic too, that this 
 feminine form most frequently oc- 
 curs. See Bocharti Hieroz. T. I. p. 
 88. Jahn's Einleit. in das A. T. Th. 
 2. p. 828. Carpzov Introductio in 
 V. T. T. II. p. 200. Dindorf, Quo- 
 modo nomen Kohelet Salomon! tri- 
 buatur? Leip. 1791. 4. 
 
 ^^.^^?^v^P Deut.3'l!30.lrrin:brip Ij^and IJP m. with suff. d^j^, dec. 
 
 Num. 16: 3. 20: 4. a^i5 bripGen. 
 
 35: 11. and D"'/^^ blip Gen. 28 
 
 3. 
 
 48: 4. a multitude of nations. 
 inVnP f verbal from bnp, dec. X. a 
 
 congregation. Deut. 33 : 4. Neh. 
 5: 7. 
 
 iTprip Koheleth., the proper name by 
 
 which Solomon is distinguished in 
 the book of Ecclesiastes. It is usu- 
 ally construed as masc. and without 
 the article, Ecc. 1:1,2,12. 12: 9. 10. 
 once with the article, 12: 8. (like 
 many proper nam.es which have 
 an appellative signification, see Ge- 
 senius' Lehrgeb. \ 167. 1.) and once 
 construed as feminine, 7 : 27. from 
 a reference to the feminine termina- 
 nation. This feminine form occurs 
 in several proper names of men, e.g. .-"-- 
 rri^b Ezra 2: 55. n^Dh 2: 57. also ^^1p to vomit. Metaphorically Lev. 
 in some masculine appellatives, e. g. 1 
 
 VIII. a. 
 
 \. a cord., line. 1 K. 7: 23. Par- 
 ticularly a measuring cord or line^ 
 Ezek. 47: 3. 2 K. 21: 13 Iwillstretch 
 over Jerusalem the measuring line of 
 Samaria., i. e. I will destroy it like 
 Samaria; comp. Is. 34: 11. The 
 same phrase is also used in refer- 
 ence to rebuilding, Zech. 1 : 16. 
 With the former use of it is connect- 
 ed Is. 18: 2 Ip 'jl "^ia a people of 
 measuring lines ; i. e. whose business 
 is to lay waste. Others : a people of 
 
 strength., comp. Arab. ^3 a line., and 
 strength. Metaphorically perhaps a 
 rule., precept., like the Germ. Richt- 
 schnur., Is. 28: 10. Comp. 122. 
 
 2. a musical chord., hence a sound. 
 Ps. 19: 5. 
 
^v 
 
 569 
 
 aip 
 
 Hiph. idem. Prov. 23: 8. Meta- 
 phorically Lev. 18: 28. 
 Deriv. k\p., N"p. 
 
 3?!2ip m, i. q. 5>5i3 a /leZme^. 1 Sam- 
 17: 38. Ezek. 23: 24. 
 
 Jllp in Kal found only in the part- 
 nip, and Pi. n^p, ^o tyai^ or look for, 
 to wait on ; construed with an accus. 
 Job 30: 26. with bN, Ps. 27: 14. 37: 
 34. with !:, Jer. 8: 15. 14: 19. Par- 
 ticularly (l.) Jiirr^ M^p and nin''b 
 to wait on Jehovah, i.e. to confide in 
 him. Ps. 25: 5. 39: 8. 40: 2. (2:) to 
 lie in wait for a person. Ps. 119: 95. 
 56: 7. 
 
 Niph. to gather themselves togeth- 
 er ; spoken of nations, Jer. 3: 17. 
 of waters. Gen. 1: 9. The ideas to 
 wait and to assemble are not very re- 
 mote from each other; the signifi- 
 cation of Niphal, therefore, is not to 
 be separated from that of Kal. 
 
 Deriv. out of course Ji^pT:, iiip^, 
 Jiipn. 
 
 nijP, 1 K. 7: 23 Keth. i. q. Ij^, 
 mp Is. 61: 1. See niprijm 
 
 I. D^p i. q. yip to loathe, abhor, be 
 
 grieved with, construed with 2 of the 
 thing. Fut. L5:ip^ Ps. 95 : l6. For 
 the pret. we find tsjp: Job 10: 1. 
 
 Niph. idem. Ezek.'20: 43. 36: 31. 
 For the third person we find ^V^pz, 
 (as if from t2t:jP,) Ezek. 6: 9. 
 
 Hithpal. tSUpnil to be grieved. 
 Ps. 119: 158. {39:* 21. 
 
 II. Dip or Dip i. q. Arab. il*3 to be 
 
 cut off. Job 8: 14 ibp3 ttip; n'^N 
 
 cm;w5 spes prceciditur. 
 
 ^ip m. plur. nibip and nibp, dec. I. 
 
 / /^ 
 
 1. a voice. (Root bip Arab. ^J\^ 
 to speak.) In the accusative "^Vlp 
 with (all) my voice, i. e. with a loud 
 voice, Ps. 142: 2. M'la bip with a 
 loud voice, Ezek. 11: 13. Ezra 10: 
 12. "IHN bip with one voice, i. e. 
 with one consent, Ex. 24 : 3. ^^p 
 
 niJT) the voice of Jehovah, i. e. the 
 thunder, Ps. 29 : 3 fi*. bip ]n: to 
 lift up one''s voice. Gen. 45: 2. Ps. 
 104: 12. spoken of Jehovah, to 
 thunder, Ps. 77: 18. construed with 
 b, to call to, Prov. 2: 3. 2 bip "jn: 
 to proclaim in a country, 2 Chr. 24: 
 9. V-)pz "jn: i. q. y^p ins, Jer. 12: 
 8. applied to the roaring of thunder, 
 Ps. 46: 7. 68: 34. 
 
 2. a report, rumour. Gen. 45: 16. 
 Jer. 3: 9. 
 
 3. a sound, noise, of inanimate 
 things. 2 Sam. 15: 10. Ezek. 1 : 24. 
 
 C^p, fut. D^pl), apoc. Dj^^';^, pret. once 
 
 after the Arabic form tDi^p (Hos, 
 10: 14.) 
 
 1. to stand or get up, to rise, arise. 
 Often used pleonastically, as Gen. 
 22: 3 ^1:^.2 ^j^^^ **^ ^^ ^ose up and 
 went. Job 1: 20. With a redundant 
 dative of the pronoun, ^b ""yjlp rise 
 up. Cant. 2: 10. The person a^aimi 
 whom one rises up is preceded by by, 
 Ps.3:2. 54:5. 86:14. Is. 31:2. by bi<, 
 Gen. 4:8. by 2, Ps. 27 : 12. Job 
 16: 8, (here to stand up against one, 
 as a witness, comp. i Hji'.) In the 
 participle the same object is express- 
 ed by suffixes, as ^ap they that rise 
 up against me, Ps. 18: 40. 1^73p Deut. 
 33:11. 
 
 2. to stand, in different relations ; 
 (l.) to last, endure. Job 15:29. Amos 
 7: 2, 5. 1 Sam. 24: 21. 13: 14. (2.) 
 to continue, construed with ir io a per- 
 son. Lev. 25: 30. with b? in a thing. 
 Is. 32: 8. (3.) to prosper, construed 
 with b. Job 22 : 28. Is. 8 : 10. 14: 
 24. Prov. 19: 21. (4.) to come to pass, 
 to be fulfilled, spoken of B. prediction, 
 i. q. Ji2 no. 2. (2.) Jer. 44: 28, 29. 
 Antith. bB3 no. 1. (8.) (5.) to be le- 
 gal, valid ; spoken e. g. of testimo- 
 ny, Deut. 19: 15. of a vow. Num. 
 30: 5 ff . (6.) to stand by, assist, con- 
 strued with \ Ps. 94 : 16. (7.) to 
 stand before, resist, construed with 
 ^2Dir. Josh. 7: 13. (8.) D^r? =^I^ 
 the eyes were fixed or set, 1 K. 14: 4. 
 comp. 1 Sam. 4: 15. (9.) pass, of Pi. 
 
aip 
 
 570 
 
 yip 
 
 t3?.)^ e. g. 
 
 tID'Jp t3^.f5 /o is- 
 
 to bd made sure, to he conjirmed. Gen. Pa. 
 
 23; 17, 20. 
 
 Pi. D*p (used chiefly in the later 
 books,) causat. of Kal no, 2. in many- 
 relations ; (l.) to confirm, establish, 
 ratify. Ruth 4: 7. Esth. 9: 29, 31 at 
 the beginning. (2.) to impose a duty, 
 to lay under an obligation, construed 
 with b>, (comp. in Chald. b^' Qjlp to 
 hind by an oath.) Est. 9: 21, 31 in 
 the middle. (3.) rbi' Uip^ to take on 
 one'^s self. Est. 9: 27, 31 at the end. 
 (4.) to perform, keep, (an oath.) Ps. 
 
 119: 106. {5.) to bring to pass. Ezek. ^^)2''\p f. verbal from D^p , dec. X. 
 13: 6. (6.) to preserve alive. Ps. 119. "^ ' 
 28. (In the Targums more com- 
 mon.) 
 
 Pil. Dtip 1. causnt. of Kal no. 1. 
 to raise up, (ruins, old foundations.) 
 Is. 44: 26. 58: 12. 61: 4. 
 
 2. intrans. to rise up. Mic. 2: 8. 
 __ . J 
 
 sue or establish a decree, Dan. 6: 8. 
 
 Aph. tzi-'prr, once tD^pN (Dan. 3: 
 
 1.) plur. n^-^pr?, part. t=j^p^T?3, fut. 
 
 tZD^ip"] and tD^prjv 
 
 1. to raise or set up, e. g. a statue- 
 Dan. 3: 1 ff. 
 
 2. to appoint, e. g. a prince or 
 governour. Dan. 6: 2. 
 
 Hoph. uD'^prj (after the Hebrew 
 form) to stand. Dan. 7:4. 
 Deriv. Q^p, tZl^p. 
 
 height. Gen. 6:15. Is. 37 : 24 the 
 height of his cedars, i. e. his high ce- 
 dars. Spoken of persons, tallness, 
 stature, 1 Sam. 16: 7. 28 : 20 ti?3 
 ^DJzip his whole length. Ezek. 13: 18 
 H'^^p'-h^ every stature^ i.e. people 
 
 Hiph. D^pn 1. to raise up persons of every size 
 "aVSt; 'ilr-if^ ir/ntf ^^; n^*M> adv." nj^i^kt. Lev. .6: 13. 
 
 26: 30. a statue, Deut. 16 
 
 Root tDip. 
 
 \ D-wJ U^pri, Deut. 25: 7. Ruth 4: 5, ]'r|p found only in Pil. pip to set up a 
 10. and b i>nT Q-^pn Gen. 38 : 8. ^o ' - - " ~ 
 
 lamentation, to lament. 2 Sam. 1:17. 
 Construed with b? and bfij over a 
 person or thing, 2 Sam. 3: 33. Ezek. 
 27:32. Deriv. n3V- 
 
 rm^e up a name or posterity to a per- 
 son, i. e. to continue his race accord- 
 ing to the levirate law. 
 
 2. to make to stand ; hence to ap- 
 point, e. g. a king. Deut. 28: 36. 
 
 L %Ttn%}''''^ '^'"' ^"^ '^''^' ^1p Ezek.23:23. prob.i.q. the preced- 
 ing word ^iuj, with which it forms a 
 paronomasia, according to the He- 
 brew interpreters,Vulg.and others, a 
 
 D'ljP see Dpp. 
 
 quiet. Ps. 107:29 
 
 4. causat. of Kal no. 2. (4.) to ac- 
 complish, fulfil; an oath. Gen. 26: 3. 
 a promij'e, 1 Sam. 1:23. 
 
 5. causat. of Kal no. 2. (5.) to 
 make valid,to esto6/M.Num.30:14,15. 
 
 Hoph. Dp!)n pass, of Hiph. no. 1. 
 Ex.40: 17. of no. 2. 2 Sam. 23: 1. of 
 no. 4. Jer. 35: 14. 
 
 Hithpal. tZll^.TpnS^ to rise up. Ps. 
 17:7. Construed with b against a 
 person, Job 20: 27. also simply with 
 a suflix, "^/S^ipn^S my enemy. Job 27: 
 7. Ps. 59: 2." 
 
 Deriv. out of course tZD^p"; , 
 t2ip79, tzi-'p, ^i2y,, -12^, n;2npn, 
 2^.1 pn. 
 
 Sip Chald. 1. to rise up. Dan. 3: 24. 
 2. to stand. Dan. 3: 3. 7: 17. 
 
 prince, nobleman. Perhaps liter, ad- 
 missarius, (comp. the Arab, clj 
 
 conj. I. VIII.) and then figuratively 
 princeps, (like n^n?.) Or ^ip) ^rij 
 may form an antithesis, high and 
 low, the latter being kindred with 
 the Arab. 9^ >, whose derivatives 
 
 signify to be low, base, ignoble. 
 fl^p m. dec. I. an ape. 1 K. 10 : 22. 
 
 Hence the Greek words xrjnog, x^- 
 ^og, KHpog, which denote several 
 species of monkies. 
 
 I. yip i. q. t:^p. 
 
 I. to loathe^ abhor ; construed with 
 
-np 
 
 571 
 
 m 
 
 3 of the person. Lev. 20: 23. Num. necdoche, a house^ (like the Greek 
 21-5^ ^tXudQOv^) Gen. 19: 8. 
 
 2. to he afraid^ construed with tDIP i- <1- '^p^ ^o /ay snares. Found 
 ''iB73. Ex. 1: 12. Num. 22: 3. Is. 7: only in the fut. Is. 29:21 '}r2;p% oras 
 16. in other MSS. pu:ip\ 
 
 Hi^h. y^pT} to throw into fear or ' ,c>'^ 
 
 consternation.^ to besiege., (a city.) Is. -'j^ adv. only., i. q. Arab. ^^. Ezek. 
 7: 6. In Arab, it has the same signif- 16: 47. 
 
 ication. -^-jp j^. and DDp, with suff. ^nap 
 
 II. Y^p found only in Hiph.rpi7. in- (r'ad A:o^o6cAfl) Hos. 13:14. dec.VL 
 
 1. destruction., devastation \ usually 
 derived from :2I2p in Chald. and A- 
 rab. secuit. Is. 28: 2 3t3p n^UJ a rfe- 
 structive or devastating storm. 
 
 2. particularly pestilence^ conta- 
 gion. Deut. 32 : 24. Ps. 91: 6. Hos. 
 13: 14. 
 
 trans, to awake^lq. yj^;. Ps.3:6. 73:20. 
 Imper. ns^^pti, i. q. n^^iS^, awake., 
 Ps. 35 : 23. Applied to the awaking 
 from the sleep of death, Job 14: 12. 
 Dan. 12: 2. 
 III. Y'lp or y^p Is. 18: 6. prob. de- 
 
 nom. from V^P, hence to summer, to ^^^^^^ r. iir ^. 
 
 * '-' ^ ^ ' n^lOp f verbal from "^Dp, mcense.. 
 
 pass the summer. (Arab. ^^^ med. Deut. 33: 10. 
 Je idem.) See ^^n no. III. t^pp Ezek. C: 9. comp. tJ^p. 
 
 Vip m. dec. 1. a thorn. Gen. 3; 18. Is. ^-jp^ fut. v^p.^ ^^ ^^//^ ^/^y, Q^jy pg. 
 
 w .111 *. , , ,r , ^ 139:19. Job 13: 15. 24:14. 
 
 ni^rip. fern. plur. dec. X. locks. Cant, y^ ^j^^j^ .^^^ p^^^^ ^^^ ^^ j^^ 
 
 5: 2, 11. Syr. U^ci) idem, Arab. 6:*19. Pret. pass. h'^Vp Dan. 5 : 30. 
 
 5 5i ;, 
 
 nStp 2J*A<2.5 antics., capillus frontis. 
 ^'^p <o (?^g, particularly for water. Is. 
 37: 25. Deriv. l^pD. 
 
 Hiph. to let spring up., e. g. water. 
 Jer. 6: 7. 
 
 Pilp. ^p.np to destroy., as in Chal- 
 
 7:11. 
 
 Pa. b^ISp idem., in reference to 
 the death of many. Dan. 2: 14. 3:22. 
 (In Syr. Pe. interfecit unum ; Pa. in- 
 terfecit plures.) 
 
 Ithpe. pass. Dan. 2: 13. 
 
 Ithpa. pass. Dan. 2: 13. 
 
 dale. Is. 22:6' 1R -,p.-ir-a <Aey rf.- ?^.E " "^'^^ fr<"" 5^t:i5 , >hnghter. 
 
 stray or pwiZ (^ots??* the wall. (Tal- Obad. 9. 
 
 mud. T'pi i^^1p*1p destructio pari' "iDp , fut. jjDp"^, <o 6e 5maW, h'Zc. 2 
 
 c<w. It appears to be a denomina- Sam, 7: 19. Gen. 32: 11. 
 
 tive, with a privative signification, Hiph, to make small. Am. 8: 5. 
 
 t^^.'llJlJ'^!^-^ ^r; Vn]^ r^h ^^^' ^^?^ Pl"r- tD^st3p,dec, 
 n^-^:a-?3 ^pipn and it shall de- I ,U' ^ ' ^*' 
 
 stroy 'ah the diildren of arrogance. X"> ^' ^"^ I'^R' ^^^^^^ ^J- ^^^^^ 
 
 Sept. nQOvof-ievdit. Vulg. vastabit 
 C^llp masc. plur. dec. I. thin threads^ 
 
 a tye6. Is. 59 : 5, 6. (Arab. J^Jr^ 
 funiculus.) 
 niip f dec. X. a team, so called 
 perhaps because beams meet and 
 
 Pi" 
 
 1. small freq. 
 
 2. 2/oM/ig. Gen. 9:24. 27: 15. 
 
 3. small., unimportant; spoken of 
 persons. Is. 36 : 9. of things, Ex. 18: 
 22, 26. 
 
 4. as a subst. the little finger. With 
 suflf. 'ZDj^ {katbni) 1 K. 12: 10. 
 
 cross each other. (See JTnp Pi.) 2 Pl^jP, fut. Pjbp^, io/?/cA: off or ;>. 
 K. 6 : 2, 5. Cant. 1:12. By a sy- Deut. 23: 26. Job 30; 4. 
 
t37 572 p*^p 
 
 Niph. to be cut off. Job 8: 12. j^^p chald. established, sure. Dan. 4: 
 
 *nDp in Kal not used. In Arab, ^np ^^ ,, ^g -. 
 
 to emit fragrance. ^ y^^hp f. verbal from l:t,p, dec. X. 
 
 ri. "itap <o owrn incense in honour <r *- 
 o/ a ^orf,* construed with ^. Jer. 7: 9. '^'^^g' '^P- Lam. 3: G3. 
 11 : 13. Always as an idolatrous act. il^'l^^p see ^i^P. 
 Part. fem. ni"ii:op7J altars of incense, ' 
 
 2Chr.30:14. I^p, m. dec. VI. f. 
 
 1. a spear. 2 Sam. 21 : 16. Root 
 
 (^V5 med. Je to forge. 
 
 2. Cain, the son of Adam. Gen. 
 4: 1. According to this passage, from 
 n2p, see TiZp no. 4. 
 
 3. the name of a people, the Ken- 
 ites. Num. 24: 22. Judg. 4: 11. See 
 
 Pu. rritip^i incense. Cant. 3: 6. 
 
 Hiph. i. q. Pi. IK. 3:3. 11 : 8. 
 For the most part construed with an 
 accus. of the incense or victim, Ex. 
 29:18. Lev. 1: 9, 17. 2:2, 16. 
 
 Hoph. ^Dp!l pass. Lev. 6: 15. [6: 
 22.] Part. '1t:'p'tl incense, Mai. 1: 11. 
 
 Deriv. n'nitip , n^bp , ^b'^p , 
 ^DPJD, D'nbDXJ. riD^^P f. plur. n% and n% verbal from 
 
 nt^p found only in the plur. l^'^Pp 
 
 Chald. A;wo<* ; 
 joints. Dan. 5 
 
 TR. 
 
 ically diff cult problems. Dan. 6: 12, 
 16. Root nL9p= ^UJp <o bind. 
 
 yOp found only Ezek. 46: 22 ni^isn 
 ni'nbp prob. uncovered courts. Comp. 
 Syr. I fA^l3 I Ai:^ domus sine tecio. 
 
 n^L^p f withsuflf. 'n'nt:p, verbal from 
 *is:p, dec. Xin. e. 
 
 1. incense. Ex. 30: 1 ff. Lev. 4: 7. 
 10:1. Is. 1: 13. 
 
 2. mi offering. Ps. 66: 15 n^^bp 
 b'^^'^ij an offering of rams. 
 
 N*^P m. dec. L a iJOTwit. Jer. 48: 26. Is. 
 
 19: 14. 28: 8. Root i!<hp to vomit. 
 Tl^'^ i. q. i<ip to vomit. Imper. t)'^p 
 
 Jer. 25: 27. 
 u:*^!:^ Chald. i. q. Heb. "ji'^p summer. 
 
 ban. 2: 35. 
 llu'^P m. verbal from ^tep. 
 
 l.'^mo^c. Gen. 19: 28. Ps. 119; 83. 
 2. vapour. Ps. 148: 8. 
 (S^p dec. I. i. q. Dp an adversary, ene- 
 
 Quy. Job 22: 20. Sept. VTiooTaatg, as 
 
 if they read C^pl- 
 
 jD^'p m. Chald. an order, edict. Dan. 
 
 I^p, dec. X. a lamentation. Jer. 7: 
 29. 9:9,19. 19:1. Josh. 15:22. 
 particularly (l.) i^^p Gen. 15:19. Judg. 4: 11, 17. "^sp 
 6. (2.) metaphor- ' ;' ^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^ 
 
 Kenites, a Canaanitish people, which 
 according to 1 Sam. 15: 6. (comp. 
 Num. 24 : 20, 21 .) dwelt among the 
 Amalekites. According to Judg. 1: 
 16. 4: 1 1. they appear to have been 
 descended from Hobab the brother- 
 in-law of Moses. 
 Y';P dec. VLf. 
 
 1 . summer, the warm season of the 
 year, in opposition to j:)"nn . Gen. 8: 
 22. Ps.74:17. 
 
 2. fruit, dried fruit, perhaps by 
 way of eminence, j^^5. Jer. 40: 10, 
 12. Am. 8: 1, 2. 2 Sam.l6: 1. Comp. 
 Faber zu Harmers Beobachtungen, 
 Th. I. p. 387 ff. 
 
 ]'T^^P ) fem. nsii^p, last, uttermost. 
 
 Ex. 26: 4, 10. 36: 11, 17. It has its 
 form from y^Ji, but its signification 
 from the kindred forms yp, Slif.p. 
 ']1*p'^p m. Jon. 4: 6 10. according to 
 
 Jerome, Syr. the palma Christi, (Lat. 
 ricinus, Arab. Elcheroa, Egypt. y.liii, 
 y.ovy.i,) a biennial plant, which 
 shoots up to the height of a small 
 tree, but like all plants of a rapid 
 growth withers immediately from 
 the slightest injury. According to the 
 Sept. (he gourd. See Bocharti Hie- 
 
^p 
 
 573 bbp 
 
 "^u u't!^- P- 13 ^2\ ^^}^''} ^^'^' I- ^^P^ Arab. , U, to roast in the f re. 
 rob. P. II. p. 273282. Faber zu ->- S^ -^ 
 
 Harmers Beobacht. Th. I. p. 140 Part. pass, irirp. Lev. 2: 14. Josh. 5: 
 151. Rosenmiiller in Jon. 4: 6. 11. Comp. *^':r|2. Also to burn men, as 
 
 ^'^bp'^p m. found only Hab. 2: 16. a mode of execution, Jer. 29: 22. 
 '''' , , ., Niph. part, a burnt place, a burn. 
 
 prob. compounded of )l^p^ ^p injlammation. Ps. 38: 8. 
 
 (whence 9 MSS. write it in two jj -j^'p j q Vt^-j. 
 
 words^) shameful vomit. The word * * "Jr ' "'-'* 
 
 ip isi q ii'^p Niph. <o.6e lightly esteemed^ despv- 
 
 n^|-' once np. (is. 22: 5.) plur. ni VR, f^'^ -j^-"/^- fl^J' ^^ ^ 3. h. 3: 5. 
 
 com. gen. Hiph. to lightly esteem. Deut. 27:16. 
 
 1. a wall. 1 K. 6 : 5. Spoken of Deriv. ]ibp. 
 
 the wall or side of an altar, Lev. 1: ^'^l^p m. verbaKrom>lbp,no. II. dec. 
 
 15. 5:9. of the heart, Jer. 4: 19. of ^ ^^ '''' 
 
 the city, Num. 35: 4. Josh. 2: 15. Is. I^^- 
 
 25: 4 -l^p D-lT stormy weather which ^- contempt^Frov. 13: 18. revilmg^ 
 
 breaks down ^walls. Prov. 22: 10. , ^^ ^ <,., 
 
 2. prob. i. q. n:pp city^ hence |; J:^:^^^:^ Nah! 3^5: 
 as a proper name, (1.) n^\^73 T^p Is. jej.^ I3. 26. 
 
 15: 1. {the city of Moab^) in later 4. a shameful deed. Prov. 18: 3. 
 
 times called A'arac^, A c<o>{//to-5. It hLi^ i ...i-k / .^u ^^ * \ < 
 
 is generally thought to be the 'same ^'Z "" ='"'' '^ ^^ ('""" " '" *'") ' 
 with (2.) tJ-in -I'^p Is. 16: 11. Jer. Sam. 17: 17. verbal from Jl^p, roa^t- 
 48: 31, 36. and nir^n 'T'p Is. 16: 7. ^^ grain or pidse. Lev. 23:14. 2 Sam. 
 2 K. 3: 25. a city in Moab.' ^ ^ 28. 
 
 3. name of a people and country T)tTpp f- 7^o<, A:eif/e. 1 Sam. 2: 14. 
 under the doniinion of the Assyrians, Mic."3: 3. The etymology is uncer- 
 Is. 22: 6. to which the conquered m- ^^-^^ "^ 
 habitants of Damascus were carried .?^ r , 1.1 
 
 away, 2 K. 16 : 9. Am. 1 : 5. and "^^K ^'''^''^ "^"^^ ' ^^^ P^""^' P'*"^^* 
 whence the Arameans had emigra- tJibp Lev. 22 : 23. unusually small, 
 ted. Am. 9:7. Most prob. a country ' ^ \^ ^,i 
 
 on the river Cyrus where the name dwarfish. Arab. Cs^^^ idem. 
 
 ATwr, if wra, is preserved to this day. LL,. 1 . / i- i./'c tt- u rr 
 
 *L,.l r 1 , L. . ^^P }. tobelight. SeeUi^h. Hence 
 
 j I ID p proper name of a brook, which -'^ 
 
 ' . ' 2. to be small.) to be lessened or a6a- 
 
 rises on mount Tabor, and empties ted. Gen 8: 11 by?2 D^^Tsrs !l>p 3 
 
 itself into the bay of Acco. Judg. 4: .-^v^ .?. . .t "J" "" "vJ 
 
 7 5-21 1 K 18-40 Ps 83- 1(? fl^*! ^'^"^ ^"^ waters were abated 
 
 &-in\^ Chald.'the Greek x;<>ap,S, fiomoffthe earth. Verse 8. 
 
 - I . ^ ' o. to be small., mean., vile. Job 40: 
 
 /mr;?. In the Kethib of Dan. 3: 5, 4. Nah. 1: 14. Comp. nbp no. II. 
 
 . '^' 1^- 4. ^0 be swift. 2 Sam. 1:^23. Hab. 
 
 ^^_, fem. rr>p, plur. d-^bp, verbal adj. 1: 8. Job 7: 6. 9: 25. 
 
 from bbp,' dec. VIII. h. light, swift. ^^P^- -R5 an<^ -p.^ ^"t- ^^r^" (^^ 
 
 2Sam.2': 18. Am. 2: 14, 15. As a ^^'' ^^O ^"^ -R' (for I:,!:, like -)^\) 
 suhst a swiff animal., Is. 30: 16. As 1. to be easy, light, facilem esse, 
 
 an adv. swiftly, Joel 4: 4. [3: 4.] construed with a dative of the per- 
 
 bp m. Chald. i. q. Heb. bSp a voice. ^^^' P^^^. 14: 6. The form bp2 
 
 I) c., f^ with !? is used impersonally, i< w a 
 
 uh ^^ i^'ni. ^^^^^ ^^^^g-) 2 K- 20: 10. 
 
 ^p s^e r \p* 2. to be 5ma ?/,construed with ''prs. 
 
fe^P 574 D^p 
 
 1 Sam. 18: 23. Used impers. fX3 bp.2 K. 2: 23. Ezek. 22: 5. Hab. 1: 10. 
 
 it is too small or not enough that, Is. Hence 
 
 49: 6. Ezek. 8: 17. Part. bj^3, fem. D^jp m. verbal from D^j:, ^corw, cZeri- 
 
 Jl^j^:, maZ/ ; e. g. n'tpj^ b^ slightly, '^{on. Ps. 44: 14. Jer. 20: 8. 
 
 ^^Vto It'lihlj' esteemed, to he de- ^^t?- ^' ^^^balfrom D^p^dem. Ezek. 
 
 sj)ised. 2 Sam. 6: 22. Gen. 16: 4, 5. 22: 4. 
 
 4. /o 6e .<ftiy?/i;. Is. 30: 16. n?^p 1. to throw or sZmg. Judg. 20: 
 
 Pi. bVp ^o cwr^e, to blaspheme ; "^ 
 
 construed 'with an accus. Gen. 8 : 16. Metaph^ically Jer. 10: 18. 
 
 21. Lev. 19: 14. once with 2, Is. 8: 2- ^ <^f ^^' ^^ engrave. 1 K. 6: 
 
 21. 1 Sam. 3: 13 became Ke knew ^9, 32, Sb. prob. from y^p., i. q. 
 
 )^:2 cnb U''b)>pJ2 -^S i/iai Aw 50/i.v were ^^^-fund^, any cavity lih that of a 
 
 Tx .T ''" ', , s/we-.erjfifraDec^tyor/: in wood or stone. 
 
 hnngmg a curse on themselves. -p. / ^, .:,. 
 
 Pilp. bpbp 1. io move, shake. Ezek. -^^'''^- "-'-^: 
 
 '"' ^.',?.i Pi- i- q- Kal. 1 Sam. 17: 49. 25: 
 
 21: 26. [21: 21.] Arab. J^^^ 29. 
 
 2. ^0 smooth,polish; hence to sharp- ^^p m. verbal from i>':^p, dec. VI. d. 
 
 Z'Jit' '^ '' ^'""^' ^^"^ '"''' ''-''' ' "' '''''^. ' ^""'.'"''^ *- 
 
 TT. \ ?_^>_ z' T. r A ^-> 2. a curtain, hanging. Ex. 27: 9 ff. 
 
 H.ph. Irp.^!, infin. b,,n, fut. ^rc- 35: 17. Nu^.'s: 26. (In Chald. i<Zem. 
 
 1, to make light, construed with 173 Arab, a sail.) 
 
 andbm 1 K. 12: 10. 1 Sam. 6: 5'. 3/1 k. ' 6 : 34. most proba- 
 
 Without an object followmg, Ex. 18: bly a corrupted reading for D-ybi:, 
 
 22 'Z^''::^J2 bpn make (it) lighter for ,u r 4 r ^u 
 
 i/^i' ^ 1/ V ^ ^^ ^" former part 01 the verse, 
 
 thyself. Jon. 1: 5. 1 K. 12: 4 ,pr -yai^je^ or leaves of a door, and here 
 
 MlIJjvJl '^''isilj JTi'nS^ya make thou the in cod. 150 ofKennicott. 
 
 grievous service of thy father lighter, ^'^p m. verbal from ^"bp, dec. I. a 
 
 Verse 9. "^ . 
 
 2. to despise, contemn. 2 Sam. 19: ? .7 
 
 44. Ezek. 22: 7. Is. 8: 23. ^E^P. "^* ^^^^^^ from irbp, mean, w/e, 
 
 Hithpalp. io 7noije one's scJf, to spoken of food. Num. 21: 5. The 
 
 ^ tremble. Jer. 4: 24. form is like that of ^ziizirr.. 
 
 ^-^p m. verbal adj. from ^^p, Dan. .'^.^Vp ^^ ^ ^^.^^^^^ ^; ^;^^^^^^^ .,^. 
 
 10: 6. Ezek. 1: 7. spoken of brass, .f^^;^',^^. ({ chald. i^em Ecc. 12: 
 prob. smooth, polished. The idea is jj ^ x ^ g^^ ^3. gj .^.^v ^2^^ 
 not remote irom that or Iwhtness. , '^ , . ' . ,' 
 Comp. in Chald. tb^ politura. Vulg. three-pronged instrument, a pitch- 
 CBscandens. ' fork, or the like. 
 fkbp f- const. nV"p, verbal from V^p, iH/^p f verbal from C^p, dec. X. stand- 
 dec. XI. c. ing corn, a crop yet standing. Judg. 
 
 1. a reviling. 2 Sam. 16: 12. 15: 5. Ex. 22: 5. Plur. Judg. 15: 5. 
 
 2. a curse. Gen. 27: 12. Used as ^IJl^Sp m. Is. 34 : 13. i:J^72"'p Hos. 9 : 
 
 a concrete, one accwr^ecL Deut. 21 : ^ i ^ *--.;,*-s r* 01 qi 
 
 po ' ' 6. and plur. D^3U;7^p Prov. 24 : 31. 
 
 *-^Ll-^ T^ 1 i I a prickly plant, a nettle, thistle. Celsii 
 
 Dpp m kal not used. Hierobot. T. li. p. 206. 
 
 Pi. to mock, scorn, deride. Ezek. j-^^p ^ je^. VI. meal. Gen. 18:6. 
 
 16:31 as a {common) harlot D5pb ' / 1 , \ 
 prt. tte< .corc<A rte (offered) hi^^ W^' ^^ l^" (A"^"^' ^-^^f >/;-) 
 
 to obtain the more. '^^Z ' '" -^^"''"' '" '""^ '""'^' "'"' 
 
 Plithpa. idem, construed with Z. 2 fee!. Job 16: 8. 
 
j3]? 57S n2p 
 
 2. to cast into fetters^ to drag away. accus. and 2. Deut. 32:21. 1 K. 
 (In Chald. irfem.) 14:22. 
 
 Pu. pass, of no. 2. Job 22: 16. Hiph. i. q. Pi. no. 6. Deut. 32 : 
 
 P^p <o become sickly and die, spoken ^^i ^^- P^- "^^^ ^^* 
 
 ''Z . r . /, Deriv. out of course 5<TiP. 
 
 of plants. Is. 19: 6. 33: 9. (In Syr. ^.^^ r^u n . z, i i? 
 
 used of men. In Arab, of plants de- ^X?, ^^^^^- ^' ^"2/' ^"'''^''- ^^'^ ^= 
 stroyed by insects.) 17. i. q. Heb. Tilp^. 
 
 VI^P io take, particularly unth a full ^Vp_ m. verbal from ^{ij^, jealous, one 
 hand. Lev. 2: 2. 5: 12. Num. 5: 26. who permits not his rights to be injur- 
 
 t ^p m. with suflf. i2p, verbal from ^d, spoken of Jehovah. Ex. 20: 5. 
 
 ' ' '* 34: 14. Deut. 4: 24. 
 
 ^1^'a LJ^I* Lev. 2:2. 5: 12. H wV2 p. f. verbal from ^.=p,, dec.XILb. 
 
 6: 8. 
 
 2. a sheaf, a bundle of ears which 
 one takes in his hand, manipulus. Gen. 
 41 : 47 d'^:73pb in full bundles, i. e. 
 in abundance. 
 
 pIDlap; see t)l52p. 
 
 ^p m. const. Ip, with suff. ISp, ver- 
 bal from ]:j? perhaps i. q. Arab. 
 /^Vi* <o make, form. 
 
 1. a bird^snest. Deut. 22: 6. Is. 10: 
 14. Hence the nestlings, the young 
 birds in the nest, Deut. 32 : 11. Is. 
 
 16: 2. 
 
 1. zeal, ardour. 2 K. 10: 16. Is. 
 9 : 6 nifi<^: nin^ ni^sp the zeal of 
 Jehovah of hosts (for his people.)- 
 Dy"n&$3p, zeal for the people. Is. 26: 
 1 1 . Also ardent or zealous love gen- 
 erally, Cant. 8: 6. 
 
 2. jealousy. Is. 11: 13. Particular- 
 ly in reference to love, Prov. 6: 34. 
 27. 4.-Ezek. 8: 3 H2jP7ari Hijapn ^TpD 
 i/?e image of jealousy which excites 
 (God) to jealousy. 
 
 3. envy. Ecc. 4: 4. 9: 6. 
 
 4. anger, indignation. Deut. 29 : 
 19. Ps. 79: 5. 
 
 5. impatience. Job 5: 2. 
 
 2. metaphorically a rftiye/Zm^, (the ta,,.,/., ^^ 
 figure, however, being preserved.) ^i?^^ *"^- "iit-' ^P^^- )R-- 
 Num. 24: 21. Job 29: 18. ^ . . 
 
 3. Plur. D''ip cells, small dwellings. 
 Gen. 6: 14. 
 j^3p in Kal not used. 
 
 Pi. Mi p 1 . <o 6e zealous for a per- 
 son or thing, to defend the rights of a 
 person with zeal, construed with h of 
 the person. Num. 25: 11, 13. 2 Sam. 
 21: 2. 1 K. 19: 10. 
 
 2. to be jealous ; e. g. of one's wife, 
 construed with an accus. Num. 5: 
 14. of a rival, construed with 2, Gen. 
 30: 1. 
 
 3. to be envious of a person ; con- 
 strued with 2, Gen. 37: 11. with 
 an accus. Gen. 26: 14. with b, Ps. 
 106:16. 
 
 4. to emulate. Prov. 3: 31. 
 
 1. to get, gain, acquire. Prov. 4: 
 7. 15: 32. 16: 16. 19: 8. 
 
 2. to buy. Gen. 25: 10. 47: 22. 
 
 3. particularly to redeem, ransom ; 
 e.g. from captivity. Is. 11: 11. Neh. 
 5: 8. 
 
 4. to obtain for a possession, to ob- 
 tain. Gen. 4: 1. 
 
 5. to own, poss'ess. Is. 1 : 3. 
 
 6. to prepare, form, make, (in Syr. 
 idem. In Arab, ("'p uXi med. Jefor- 
 
 mavit, concinnavit.) Ps. 139 : 13. 
 Gen. 14: 19, 22. Deut. 32: 6. Prov. 
 8: 22. 
 
 Hiph. Zech. 13: 5. prob. i. q. Kal, 
 to buy, purchase. The form !13p^ 
 Ezek. 8 : 3. stands for ^''spiQ, see 
 N:p. 
 
 tlT 
 
 5. to be indignant about a thing, Deriv. p2p, iriDpTD, tl2p^ . 
 
 construed with 2. Prov. 23 : 17. u..,^ i 'Vv J ' ' ' 
 
 24; 1 np m. dec. IX. b. 
 
 6. trans, to excite a person to jeal- 1. a cane, reed, rush. Is. 42: 3. 36: 
 ousy by any thing, construed with an 6. Ps. 68: 31 Insp n^n the wild beasts 
 
52:p 576 -)^J^ 
 
 2. ^ed cmie, 'sweet calamus, {aco- ""'^ ^-^ ^^V^' ^'^ ^^^ ^^- ^^= ^^* 
 Tus calamus, Linn.) Is. 43: 24. in full ^ P"' '^'^- J^^' ^2: 23. 
 tUiS tiDp Ex. 30: 23. and Sican tiD.p^ ^?.3p. Job 18: 2. see y^. 
 
 ^'3. !taik of corn. Gen. 41: 5, 22. ^?<^ ^ ^ ^"""""^ ^ ^^^^ ^" ^^^ ^^""- 
 
 4. a measuring reed or rocZ ; in full ^^y of Gilead. Num. 32 : 42. 1 Chr. 
 n^?2ll n:p. Ezek. 40: 3, 5. Hence 2: 23. See Relandl-Palaestina, p.681. 
 
 5. a measure of six cubits. Ezek. WOp, fut. fibp^, ^0 divine ; spoken of 
 
 41" 8 ' ' 
 
 p ' , 7 ^77 7 , false prophets, as a forbidden and 
 
 6 ^Ae beam of a balance, a balance. ^^^^^^^^ ^^^^{-^^^ j^^^^ jg^ ^^^ I4 
 
 r^ A 7 ^v^ .7 2K. 17: 17. Mic.3:6, 7, 11. or at 
 
 7. me i/m>r 6one of the arm. the 0* 1^ + ^ .1 Vu 
 
 A,eri. Job 31: 22. ' '^*'* accompamed with some re- 
 
 o I 1 r. 11 ^- r 1-^ proacn, as in the case ot Balaam, 
 
 8. a branchofa candM^^ Lx ^j^^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^^ j^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ 
 
 25. 31 ff. Plur. D^DB Ex. 25: 32. and phuistines, 1 Sam. 6:2. of the ne- 
 
 m2iD Ex. 25: 36. 37: 22. cromancer, 28:8.-The deriv. Qp.p in 
 
 i^lDj^ m. verbal from i^lJl -, jealous, signif no. 3. is taken in a good sense. 
 
 . //-.!. -.Tu^^^^ The word in Syriac is more com- 
 
 spoken of God, i.q.i^zp,. Josh. 24:19. ^, . comp. the remark made under 
 
 IN an. 1. J. ^j^g articles D"'"^X]3, ;]UJ3, 1^l>. De- 
 
 TDp^ proper name of a descendant of ^.^^^ ^^^ of cour'se dOpi.^ ' ' 
 Esau, from whom an Arabian coun- i2Dp m. verbal from DDp, dec. VI. 
 
 try is named. Gen. 36: 11, 15, 42. \ ^.^.^^^,. E^ek' 13: 6, 23. 21: 
 
 ''^Dp a Canaanitish people, whose place 26. 1 Sam. 15:23. 
 
 "of residence cannot be definitely J-th^wagesofdh>iation. Num. 
 
 ascertained. Gen. 15: 19. Num. 32: ^2: 7. (Comp. n>?e,) 
 
 12 3. prob. in a good sense, an oracle. 
 
 ^:p "see ^rp. ^ P^^- 16: 10. 
 
 ' ' ODp found only in Po. CDip i. q. y2ip 
 
 'i'^DP m. verbal from ?l2p, dec. II. b. ^ "^ . /^ t- i i n 
 )-.-:l. '''' io CM< ojf. Ezek. 17: 9. 
 
 1. that 'which one g;eis or acquires. -^^^ c ? r\ wv*.-. 
 Prov. 4: 7. Lev. 22: 11. ^91?. ^ "" ' ^''^' ^ "^' ^^1^ 
 
 2. a possession, substance, property. idem, for the most part as a meas- 
 Gen. 34: 23. ure for liquids, a sextary. Ethiop. 
 
 3. perhaps a creature, (comp. hSj^ DTlJp hydria.) Hence 'icbn nDp a 
 ^ no. 6.) Ps. 104: 24. Sept. 'ATiaig. ' ' rvriter's vessel, an inkhorn, Ezek.' 9: 
 
 jl^Sp, const. ]79Sp (Ex. 30: 23.) dec. 2, 3, 11. 
 
 III. h. cinnamo7i. Prov. 7: 17. Cant, ^y}^. Proper name of a city in the 
 
 4: 14. Herodotus (iii. 111.) men- tribe ''ofJudah. Josh. 15: 44. 1 Sam. 
 
 tions expressly that the Greeks ob- ^3: 1. 1 Chr. 4: 19. See Relandi 
 
 imwedii\iQiv'AivvaLiov oYyivvvaLioo^mv Palajstina p. 698. 
 
 from the Phenicians ; of course from 
 
 a people speaking a Shemitish dia- ^p?.p ^' ^^^ <^"^ ^r burnt into the 
 
 lect. The derivat^ion of the word ^^^ ^ev. 19: 28. (In Talmud, ip'p 
 
 r -^^ A V ^iV V 11 4 and ^T^^J'^Ti scalpsit, inussit.) 
 
 irom D3p Arab, r^-'^^ to smell strong, > ^ 7 y 
 
 .-,,,., . ' - ,, ... nyjp f. const. n^jp_, plur. nin^p, 
 
 IS doubtful ; smce the use 01 this -'; 1 /r 
 
 word is confined to the rancid smell const, m-^i^^p, but with suff. "i^ni^i^'p, 
 of oil. a dish, charger. Num. 7: 13 ff, (Arab. 
 
Y^P 
 
 677 
 
 Tllp 
 
 '5 >c./ 
 
 101 
 
 Pi. io springy leap. Cant. 2: 8 
 ij' ^*^ a deep dish, from Jt*5 ^^ ^^ (Chald. it^em.) 
 ^egr,.) *^ yp m. with suff. "'2:p, verbal from 
 
 j^^Sp 1. io coagulate, curdle, spoken of 
 
 milk, (see Hiph.) to he congealed, 
 
 spoken of the floods, Ex. 15: 8. 
 2. to draw in one^s self, to sit with 
 
 one'^s feet under him. Zeph. 1 : 12. 
 
 comp. Jer. 48: 11. 
 
 Hiph. causat. of no. 1. to make to 
 
 curdle. Job 10: 10. (in Talmud. 
 
 idem,. In Syr. and Arab, under the 
 ^ kindred form S]Sp.) 
 "jl^^Ep m. verbal from NDJT, ice, frost. 
 
 Zech. 14: 6. 
 '7sDp as in Chald. to cut off. Found 
 
 only in Pi. Is. 38: 12 ^^^NO ''n^?p 
 
 "^n \\}\g.pr(Lcisa est,velut a texente, 
 
 vita mea. Hence 
 "iSp or ISp^withHe paragogic ^'^5p, 
 
 verbal from nsjP, destruction. Ezek. 
 
 7: 25. 
 *7Ep m. the hedge-hog. Is. 14: 23. 34: 
 
 11. Zeph. 2: 14. (Arab. nc:p, Syr. 
 
 |,^Q) idem. Root j-SlD horruit,YAh- 
 pe. contractus est.) 
 TiSp m. Is. 34: 15. according to the 
 
 V'^p , dec. VIII. b. an end, 
 either of space or time. Job 
 28: 3. 6:11. yp. ]\Nf without 
 end, Ecc. 12: 12. yp.^ after, e. g. 
 tZl^"' tZD'^S^s'iN yp73 after forty days, 
 Gen. 8: 6.^*6: 3. 41: 1. in the later 
 writers also yj^^^, 2 Chr. 18: 2. Dan. 
 11: 6, 13. Particularly (l.) the end 
 or destruction of a people. Gen. 6: 
 13. Ezek. 7: 2. Vp. V^ ^^^'^'^^ 
 which brings destruction, Ezek. 21 : 
 30, 34. 35: 5. (2.) the end or fulfil- 
 ment of a prophecy. Hab. 2: 3. (3.) 
 yp ni; Dan. 8: 17. or yp "1^173 verse 
 19. iAe time of the end, also tD'^?3^ln yp. 
 Dan. 12: 13. fAe end of days, accord- 
 ing to the theological views of the la- 
 ter Jews, the time immediately pre- 
 ceding the advent of the Messiah's 
 kingdom and represented as full of 
 calamity and trouble. 
 
 Plur. const. ''iSjp for ""itp (by a 
 resolution of the Dagesh forte after 
 the Chaldaic manner,) Job 18:2 
 'j"'>?3b ""i^sp lntt"^ipn n:4<-'i5 when 
 will ye make an end of words ? 
 
 Deriv. li:i"'p. 
 
 ancient translators i. q. "isp, which HSp, fut. :3iirp"<. Comp. ^2H, n3ln. 
 
 is the reading of 6 MSS But the "'', ^ ^/ ' ^ ^ ^ ^f 
 
 animal here is represented as ovi- ^^qJ 2 g g. 6 
 
 parous and brooding over its young, ^ ^^ ,/,;; (sheep.) Cant. 4 : 2. 
 
 which will not apply to the hedge- ^ ^ ^ 
 
 hog. Better, therefore, according to D2p m. verbal from n:p, dec. VI. h. 
 
 Bochart (Hieroz. T. II. p. 408.) the ''' \ .^^ jj^^^, ^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^ 
 
 arrow snake, serpens jaculus, Arab. g g. 25 7. 37 
 
 EA;*; . ; . ^, 11 1 2. t=i""^r: "^ni^p Jon. 2:7. prob. 
 
 CaVX^ from r^^ m Chald. and , , .' " ""'V. , ,. ^., 
 
 J ^ J the ends, 1. e. the foundations, of the 
 
 Arab, io spring, to seize with a spring. mountains, (in the depths of the sea.) 
 Y^p, fut. yep":, to contract, close, shut ; Vulg. extrema moiitium. 
 
 e. g. the moiith. Job 5: 16. Ps. 107: H^^p io /ieta? or cwi ojf, like y:^p. Met- 
 
 42. the hand, Deut. 15: 7. Meta- 
 phorically to shut up or restrain com- 
 passion, Ps. 77: 10. The phrase to 
 shut up the hand from a person, sig- 
 nifies to he niggardly towards him. 
 Kindred with y^p. 
 
 Niph. to he gathered, hence i. q. 
 nD^^3 to die. Job 24: 24. 
 '-'^- 73 
 
 aphorically to destroy (nations,) Hab. 
 2: 10. 
 
 Pi. idem. Prov. 26: 6 tZi^l^;-^ ^^ipXJ 
 one that has his feet cut off. 2 K. 10: 
 32 Jehovah hegan bijf"]U;';2 nT2pb to 
 cut off in Israel, i. e. to take oflf one. 
 part after another. 
 
^2p 
 
 57a 
 
 T^P 
 
 Hiph. to scrape^ I q. S^it;:. Lev. HI^^'^Sp ^\mt. fern, the Arabian cassia^ 
 14' 41 43 * 
 
 Derlv. out of course n.;., ..R, l^ e^a" ^.'='^^9/8^ 
 ^^R^- Celsii Hierobot. T. II. p. 360. 
 
 nSp^ m. const. ^T^ti?, plur. const. '':j:, ^^^p ^ ^gj-ba] from ^2:p^,dec. Ill.a. 
 verbal from rrz^J^, dec. IX. b. '{ harvest. Gen. 8: 22. Hence (l.) 
 
 1. i. q. 7p. the end, the uttermost fj,, ^^ain gathered in. Lev. 19: 9. 23: 
 part ; e. g. of the earth, Is. 5 : 2b. g^. (2.) collect, the reapers. Is. 17: 5. 
 of heaven, Is. 13 : 5. Fs. 19 : 7. g ^ ^ ;^ 6ranc/i. Ps. 80: 12. Job 
 tD'^^"' n"J;Jr'p nxij^TS o/ier mree day^, ^4- 9. 
 
 Josh. 3: 2. 9: 16. 7\x.:^l2from{e,\e' . a n x. . . ^ 
 
 ^ ' -y^ , ^ , 3?-Sp in Kal not used. Prob. to cut off. 
 ry) end or quarter, Gen. 19: 4. Jer. x . ,^ 
 
 51: 31. Hence i. q- n:i^. In Arab. Ja5 idem. 
 
 2. t/te w/io/e, iAe sum. Gen. 47: 2 --. ^ - _ 
 Vni^. n:j?7a yVom <Ae -whole number 
 of his brethren. Ezek. 33: 2. Comp. 
 Num. 22: 41. Is. 56: 11. Comp. the 
 fern. ti:p no. 2. 
 
 t\'2,'p ni. verbal from n^;^, ^ enc?. 
 
 Is. 2: 7. Nah. 2: 10. 
 
 il^P f. plur. const, niirp, verbal from P|4_p, fut. fliiSp.':, to be wroth or angry; 
 
 Tii'p, dec. XI. a. i. q. n:p. construed with V:s?, Gen.40: 2. 41: 10. 
 
 L an end, extremity. * Ex. 25: 19. ^^}^\ 20- with Vn, Josh. 22: 18. 
 
 Job 26: 14 VD-11 V\rZT> the extreme Hiph. to provoke io anger, e.g. J e- 
 
 . , . \- * ' hovah. Deut. 9: 7, 8, 22. 
 
 parts of his works. jj.^j^ .^ g^l^ I^^ 8:21. 
 
 2. the sum, crowd, mass. 1 K. 12: r^, ,j -j -n 10 
 
 31 13-33. ^?P Chald. tdcm. Dan. 2: 1 2. 
 
 I^Sp^ m. verbal from ln22p^, dec. VI. a. ^-^p m. with suff. "^Dip, verbal from 
 an end. Found only in the plur. const. i\'^p^', dec. VI. h. and k 
 
 Hiph. to scrape, i. q. flitp Hiph. 
 Lev. 14:41. 
 
 Hoph. part. ni^jCpiia i. q. 
 d'^:;i:ip72 comers. Ezek. 46: 22. Lit- 
 er, what is cut off, the place of cutting 
 off. 
 
 Deriv. ^y^ip?3, tD'^risp^. 
 
 yi.^. ""^.^I^ ^^^^ ^'^^^ of the earth, Ps. 
 48:11. 65:6. 
 n^p m. found only Is. 28 : 25, 27. 
 
 black cumin, nigella melanthium, ac- 
 cording to the Sept. Vulg. and the 
 Rabbins. See Celsii Hierobot. P. 
 II. p. 70. 
 'I'^Sp m. dec. III. a. 
 
 ' 1. a judge, magistrate, ruler. Is. 1: broken piece. Joel 1:7. Sept. GV) 
 10. 3: 6, 7. Mic. 3:9. Root n:rp, in xAad^o?. 
 
 Arab, with (jo , to determine, judge, y^p ^0 cut off; e.g. the hand, Deut. 
 (kindred with, va*3 to cut, to cut 25:12. the mustaches, Jer. 9:25. 
 
 L wrath, anger, particularly of 
 Jehovah. Josh. 9: 20. 22:20. Zech.l: 
 2. 2Chr. 19:10. 
 
 2. a chip, splinter. Hos. 10: 7. 
 Sept. (fQvyuvov. (Arab. 0^x2.3 ^'e- 
 6z7e, Jiaccum fuit lignum.) Hence 
 also 
 
 flSSp f- verbal from v]:p, ayrao-mcnf, 
 
 ojjf*;) whence (_5^^^ a jwdlge, cadi. 
 
 " ^ 
 The :, therefore, is servile. 
 
 2. a leader in war, a general, a 
 captain. Josh. 10: 24. Judg. 11: 6, 11. 
 Is. 22:3. Dan 11: 18. Comp. UD;::. 
 
 3. a prince, chief. Pro v. 6:7. 25: 
 15. 
 
 25: 23. (In Arab, to cut the nails and 
 hair.) 
 Pi. V^tP. and yirp. 
 
 1. to cut off; a cord, Ps. 129 : 4. 
 the hand, the thumb, Judg. 1: 6. 2 
 Sam. 4: 12. (the point of) a spear. 
 Ps.46: 10. 
 
 2. to cut (into wires.) Ex. 39: 3. 
 
np 
 
 579 
 
 wsnp 
 
 3. to strip. 2 K. 18: 16. 24: 13. 
 Pu. pass. Judg. 1: 7. 
 ySp Chald. Pa. to cut off. Dan. 4: 1 1. 
 
 [4:14.] 
 "jjSp 1- with a fut. ^iilp'^, io CMf t/otiyn, 
 
 1. co^ coo/. Prov. 25 : 25. Jer. 
 18:14. 
 
 2. quiet. Prov. 17 : 27 Keth. ^j^ 
 XV^'S of a quiet spirit. See "^p"* no. 5. 
 
 "IJP see I'^j'P. 
 
 particularly grain ; hence to ^ot.,, Ip m. verbal from obsol. -i"njD, cold. 
 
 reap. Jer. 12: 13. Lev. 19:9. 25: 5. Gen. 8: 22. 
 
 Part, 'l^.ip a reaper, Ruth 2: 3 ff. I. i^")p to ca//. The subordinate signifi- 
 
 cations and constructions are the fol- 
 
 Metaphorically Job 4:8 they that 
 sow wickedness shall reap it. Prov. 
 22: 8. 
 
 2. *^^.2 (as it appears from the 
 adj.) with a fut. ^.^P"^, intrans. to be 
 short. Is. 28 : 20. Particularly (l.) 
 "i*!^ "^l^pT *^'^^y hand is (too) short, 
 i. e. I am (too) weak. Num. 11 :23. 
 Construed with "j?: and an infin. Is. 
 50:2. (2.) "^uis:, "^n^"! nnJip^ lam 
 impatient, grieved, vexed. Num. 21: 
 4, 5. Judg. 16 : 16. Construed with 
 a about a thing, Judg. 10: 16. 
 '' Pi. to shorten. Ps. 102:24. 
 
 Hiph. 1. idem. Ps. 89: 46. 
 
 2. to reap. Job 24: 6 Keth. 
 
 Deriv. out of course ^"^I^p. 
 "Ij^P m. verbal from n^rp, dec. V. a. 
 
 It "'t 
 
 ^Wf. Ezek-42:5. Particularly Cl.) 
 n; n:2p weak, feeble. Is. 37: 27. (2.) 
 n^n ^:ipProv. 14: 29. and ^^cp 
 tS".?^ ^i^OY .14:11 .impatient, irascible, 
 passionate. (3.) tl]"'^^ ^^P short 
 lived. Job 14: 1. 
 
 "Ijlp m. verbal from ^^cp , dec. VI. 
 
 found only in the phrase n^*) *^i2p 
 impatience. Ex. 6: 9. 
 n2:p f. (for DN^ip after the form 
 
 tK 
 
 n2^,) verbal from tl^ip, aw crirf, i. q. 
 nirp. Dan. 1 : 5, 15 D^x?; n::5p?3 
 ~1'^?. ^ ^^^ wci ^ ^fi^ rfay*. In 
 verse 18, occurs n:p73b. Plur. 
 DTlip the ends, Ex. 38: 5. particular- 
 ly the ends (of the earth,) Ps. 65: 9. 
 nSp f const, n^p, Chald. 
 
 1 . a part. Dan. 2: 42. 
 
 2. an end. Dan. 4:31. [4:34.] 
 ^p, plur. D'^-j]:), verbal adj. from obsol. 
 
 nnp, dec. VIII. k. 
 
 lowing; {\.) to call a person or thing; 
 construed with a dative of the ob- 
 ject, Lev.9:l.Hos.ll:l. with !:ti, Gen. 
 3: 9. 49 : 1. with an accus. Gen. 27: 
 1. Prov. 18:6 his mouth calleth for 
 *tro/:e5. Ruth 4 : 1 1 n^na tj"j i^np 
 Dnb] call, i.e. acquire, yizme in Beth- 
 lehem. (2.) to call out to any one, 
 construed with ^5$. Is. 6: 3. Ex. 3: 4. 
 (3.) to call to or on any one, partic- 
 ularly for help ; construed with b^^, 
 Ps. 4 : 4. 30: 9. with an accus. Hos. 
 7: 11- particularly in reference to 
 Jehovah, Ps. 14: 4. 18: 7. (4.) to 
 call together, e. g. an assembly. Joel 
 1: 14. Hence (5.) to invite, bid, 1 
 Sam.9:13, 22. b t=iVru:b np to 
 invite to peace, to offer peace, Deut. 
 20: 10- Judg 21: 13. (6.) ^0 announce, 
 proclaim. Joel 4: 9. [3: 9.] Jer. 2: 2. 
 3:12. 7: 2. b ^inn Nnp to pro- 
 claim liberty to a person. Is. 61 : 1. 
 Jer. 34: 8, 15, 17. Used absolutely, 
 to preach, Jon. 1: 2. (7.) to celebrate^ 
 praise, (like -i?24< with an accus.) 
 Prov. 20:6 11 an Ui-ii^ J^'ip'] each 
 celebrates his own goodness. (8.) to call^ 
 choose, appoint, i. q. "^na. Is. 42 : 
 6. 48: 12. 49: 1. 51: 2. Somewhat 
 stronger is the nearly synonymous 
 phrase D STi3^ i"^p to call or choose 
 by name. Is. 43: 1. 45:3, 4. Comp. 
 Ex. 31:2. (9.) to call on, to invoke., 
 construed with a. Is. 59 : 4. Partic- 
 ularly riiil^ &'>P^ ^^Jl to invoke or 
 praise the name of Jehovah, Gen. 4: 
 26. 12: 8. Ex. 33 : 19. Ps. 79: 6. 
 105: 1. Is. 64: 6. So in reference to 
 idols, IK. 18: 26. Also used in the 
 same signification without a, e. g. 
 Lam. 3: 55. Ps. 99: 6. Deut. 32: 3. 
 
fr^np 
 
 <iomp. Ruth 4 : 14. More rarely in 
 reference to men, Ps. 49: 12. In a 
 somewhat different sense, Is 44: 5 
 ipe:!! ^^^. ^"ip"? ^1 ^/*^"^ ^^^ praises 
 the name of Jacob ^ i. e. cleaves to 
 him. 
 
 2. <o name ; construed with an ac- 
 cus. of the name and a dative of the 
 person or thing, Gen. 1 : 5 i^"}p''.] 
 Di"' "nii^b DTlbN and God named 
 the light day. Verses 8, 10. 31: 47. 
 rarely with a double accus. Is. 60: 
 18. Num. 32: 41. The following 
 construction is very frequent, Gen.4: 
 25 D"^ i72'4;-nN NnpriT and she nam- 
 ed his name Seth. 4: 26. 5:2, 3, 29. 
 
 11:9.- 
 
 J' 
 
 !p to give a name 
 
 to a person, Ruth 4: 17. Gen. 26:18. 
 Ps. 147: 3. 
 
 3. to read. Ex. 24: 7. Deut. 17:19. 
 
 580 mp 
 
 person, spoken of an event, destiny, 
 construed with an accus. Gen. 49: 1 . 
 42: 4, 38. Lev. 10: 19. Infin. strictly 
 riiN^P (like ntj")';,) hence niopb 
 and by a Syriasm riuXnp:, with suff. 
 "nJ^npi:, DDn>}np::, used as a prep. 
 (1.) to meet., obviam. Gen. 46 : 29. 
 Ex. 4:27. 18:7. Josh. 11: 20 prnb 
 
 riTsnV^n n^t-^pi? csr.-ni^. to harden 
 
 their heart to meet the war. (2.) over 
 against. Gen. 15: 10. 1 Sam. 4:2. 
 
 Niph. 1 . to meet^ spoken of per- 
 sons, construed with ^^' , Ex. 5 : 3. 
 with 'psb, 2 Sam. 18: 9. to fall in the 
 way of a person, spoken of things, 
 Deut. 22: 6. 
 
 2. without cases, to happen^ to be 
 by chance. 2 Sam. 1: 6. 20: 1. 
 
 Hiph. to cause to happen, e. g. a 
 misfortune. Jer. 32: 23. 
 
 Niph. 1. to be called. Jer. 44: 26. jj.^'np Chald. fut. ">p"^, n^p" . 
 Est 3' 12 6* 1 8* 9 ' ^' * " ' * ' '' * 
 
 2. to be named'. Properly constru- }' ^ J^"- ^^"' 3 : 4. 4 : 11. [4: 
 ed with a dative of the person, Gen. J , t^ r o -.r. iw 
 
 2: 23. 1 Sam. 9:9. Is. 1: 26. 32 : 5. 2. to read. Dan. 5: 8, 16, 17. 
 
 62: 4, 12. Then also with a double &^1p m. a partridge, liter, the caller or 
 
 nominative, Zech. 8 : 3. Is. 48 : 2. 
 54: 5. 56: 7. and with C"^, e. g. Gen. 
 17: 5D-jnN tj^UJ-Di^. "liy 5^'lp^': Nb 
 thy name shall no more be called Ab- 
 ram. 35: 10. Deut. 25 : 10. Dan. 10: 
 1. Construed with z, to be named af- 
 ter any one, Gen. 21: 12. with C>L^3, 
 to name one'^s self after a person, i. e. 
 to confess or cleave to him, Is. 43:7. 
 48: 1. b? '*?3'^ ^Ip.i '^y '^"^^ ^^ 
 
 , from i^np. 
 
 1 Sam. 26: 20. 
 
 crier, 
 
 Jer. 17: 11. In the latter passage 
 there is an allusion to a fabulous sto- 
 ry of the ancients, (see Bocharti Hie- 
 roz. T. II. p. 84, 85.) that the par- 
 tridge steals the eggs of other birds, 
 and broods over them. According 
 to Faber (zu Harmers Beobachtung- 
 en, Th. I. p. 305.) the partridge of 
 Damascus, tetrao orientalis. 
 
 given to a thing, i. e.it is named af- D*lp^ and 21^^ fut. n-ip-;, infin. a'-ip, 
 
 ter me, 2 Sam. 12: 28. Is. 4: 1. hence 
 it pertains or is consecrated to me ; 
 e. g. in reference to Jehovah, spok- 
 en of the Israelitish people, Deut. 
 28:10. Is. 63:19. of the temple, 1 
 K. 8: 43. of Jerusalem, Dan. 9 : 18, 
 19. 
 
 Pu. N'lp 1. tobe called. Ezek. 10: 
 
 13. Is. 48: 12. (2.) to be named. Is. 
 65: 1. For the most part construed 
 with a dative, Is. 48: 8. 58: 12. 61: 
 3. 62: 2. 
 
 Deriv.out of course N^'np, tlN'^'np, 
 N'npT:. ' ' " 
 
 11. i^np i. q- ?T;3p: to meet or befal a 
 
 also M^"lp, to approach, to draw 
 near, spoken of persons and things. 
 Josh. 10: 24. Construed with bi^ of 
 the person or thing. Gen. 37: 18. 
 Ex. 14: 20. more rarely with V, Job 
 33: 22. with 2, Ps. 91: 10. with-ilS^, 
 particularly in reference to Jeho- 
 vah, Ex. 16: 9. Lev. 16: 1. The 
 more special constructions are (l.) 
 spoken of Jehovah, to draw near with 
 help. Ps. 69 : 19. Lam. 3 : 57. (2.) 
 JTkL'N !:N inp to draw near a woman, 
 i. e. to lie with her. Gen. 20: 4. Is. 
 8: 3. (3.) to draw near, to advance, 
 in a hostile manner. Deut. 20 : 2-. 
 
r^np 
 
 581 nnp 
 
 Construed with b?, Ps. 27: 2. Gomp. 
 inp. (4.) joined with an infin. of 
 another verb, to be nmr to a thing. 
 Gen. 47: 29. 1 K. 2: 1. 
 
 Niph. to come near, as in Kal. Ex. 
 22: 7. Josh. 7: 14. 
 
 Pi. isnp. 1. ^0 6nwg near, Ts. 41: 
 21. 46: 13. to grant access, Ps. 65: 5. 
 In a hostile sense, to let advance, 
 Job 31: 37. Hos. 7: 6, (in the latter 
 passage perhaps intrans. as in Kal.) 
 
 2. to bring or join together. Ezek. 
 37: 17. 
 
 3 to he near, as in Kal, construed 
 with b and an infin. Ezek. 36: 8 
 
 Hiph. 1. to let draw near. Ezek. 
 22: 4 Also to cause to come near. 
 Num. 8 : 9, 10. ^0 give access, Jer. 
 30: 21. 
 
 8: 18. [8: 22.] ^:.S!2Sii Is-jjpa among 
 the Canaanites, Judg. 1: 32. 
 
 2. particularly the inner part of 
 the body, (l.) the bozvels, inwards. 
 Gen. 41 : 21. Ex. 29 : 13, 22. (2.) 
 the heart, as the seat of thought 
 and affection. Ps. 5: 10. 64: 7. 
 
 T]21p f. const. 
 
 verbal from 
 
 i*lp, dec. XI. c. a drawing near. Ps. 
 73": 28. Is. 58: 2. 
 
 ]2l")p m. const. I?"}]^, plur. with suff. 
 
 t]}l'22*)P Lev. 7 : 38, (more cor- 
 rectly in other MSS. Dn^:2^p,) Arab. 
 
 UVr^, o^n offering, oblation of any 
 kinJ: Lev. 2: 1, 4, 12, 13. 7: 13. 9: 
 
 7, 15. See i^")pln no. 2. 
 
 2. to bring ; a gift, Judg. 3: 18. "i^lp m. verbal from in^p, dec. 11- 
 
 6: 25. an offering, Num. 9: 13. (See 
 
 3 to bring or join together. Is. 
 5: 8. 
 
 4. intrans. to draw near, to ap- 
 proach. Ex. 14: 10. 
 
 5. joined with an infin. of another 
 verb, to be near to doing a thing. 
 Gen. 12: 11. Is. 26: 17. 
 
 Deriv. out of course i^*lp. 
 D'np m. verbal adj. from n^p, dec. 
 
 V. a. approaching., drawing near. 
 Deut. 20: 3. 1 K. 4: 27. [5: 7.] 
 Dip Chald. plur. na-)p, to draw or n*)j^^ ^ut 
 come near. Dan. 3: 26. 6: 13. 
 
 b. a presenting or offering, Neh. 10: 
 35. 13: 31. 
 Q'Tlp m- dec. VIII. d. an axe. With 
 
 suff. i72^np 1 Sam. 13 : 20. Plur. 
 
 74: 
 
 Sam. 
 
 Ps. 
 
 13: 21. alsoni 
 5 /c y 
 
 5. (Arab. DT^llD CT f ^ i(/em. 
 
 It appears to be kindred with DD'nlD 
 q. V.) 
 
 np f- verbal from obsol. I'^p, dec. 
 i^cold. Prov. 25: 20. 
 
 "ip"^, apoc. "^p^ io meei 
 
 Pa. to bring, offer. Ezra 7: 17. 
 Aph. 1. to bring near. Dan 7: 13. 
 2. to bring, to offer. Ezra 6: 10, 
 17. 
 
 I21p m. (with Kamets impure) ver- 
 bal from Z'^p, dec. I. war, battle, 
 contest, see nnpno. (3.) In Hebrew 
 used almost exclusively in poetry. 
 Ps. 55: 19, 22 Job 38: 23. 
 
 nip Chald. idem. Dan. 7: 21. 
 
 :2"ip^ m. with suff. "'anp, dec. VI. h. 
 
 1. the middle or inner part. Hence 
 il'^pa as a prep, in the midst, within; 
 also simply in, among, (like ^ina,) 
 e. g. 7"5.J<!1 ^"?i?2 in the earth, Ex. 
 
 any one, construed with an accus. 
 spoken of persons, Deut. 25: 18. and 
 of fate, destiny, Ecc. 2 : 14. 9:11. 
 Gen. 44: 29. of punishment, 1 Sam. 
 28 : 10. Ruth 2 : 3 n^.pT: 'np^^l 
 T^'hb JTl;i;!i ^I^^n. liter, and her lot 
 fell on a piece of land which belonged 
 to Boaz. Construed with b, only 
 Dan. 10: 14. Without cases," Is. 41: 
 22. 
 
 Niph. 1 . as in Kal, to meet, (spok- 
 en only of persons ;) construed with 
 by, Ex. 3: 18. (comp. 5:3.) with 
 bJ$, Num. 23: 4, 16. with n^?^p^, 
 verse 3. 
 
 2. to be by chance. 2 Sam. 1: 6. 
 
 Pi. tl")p. to frame or lay beams for 
 a house or gate, coyitignare, liter, to 
 make the beams meet together. (Comp. 
 
682 *sy 
 
 Esau. Gen. 36: 5, 14. (2.) of a son of 
 Eliphaz, also of an Idumean district 
 Gen. 36: 16. (3.) of a Levite who 
 conspired against Moses. Ex. 6: 21. 
 Num. 16: 1 ff. Hence the children of 
 Korah., a Levitical family of singers, 
 the authours of several Psalms, e. g. 
 
 XLII. XLIV. LXXXIV. LXXXV. 
 
 5^* . 7 . z,7 7 V- 1 rilp ra. verbal from n^p, one Tn'ho 
 
 2. to make a suitable selection^ ob- -..I.. -j;i ""<^ ^"'J 
 
 viumfacere. Num. 35: 11. ^^* ^^^ ^/'o^ on the hind part of his 
 
 Note. This verb is written near- '^^^^^ bald-pated, different from nz:.. 
 
 ly as often with i ; see ti^p^ no. II. ^ev. 13 : 40. 2 K. 2 : 23. (in Syr. 
 
 Deriv. nn^p, ^-ijp, n^np, n-:^^?:, Y.wj..D having a smooth forehead.) 
 
 P^Pr'^^r nn"1p, once Nn^p, f verbal from 
 
 ;2inp m.verbal adj.from -nj?,tlec.III.a. ' " "^ 
 
 l^^ip a beam.) 2 Chr. 34: 11. Neh. 
 2: 8. 3: 3, 6. Also to construct^ build 
 generally, Ps. 104: 3. 
 
 Hiph. 1. to cause to meet^ constru- 
 ed with '^:5^. Gen. 27: 20. 24: 12 
 Di-^ri "^z-rb ^^"'ITiprT caiise it {the 
 object of my journey) to meet me this 
 
 nnp, dec. X. a bald spot on the back 
 part of the head^ different from nJl2a. 
 Lev. 21: 5. Spoken of. as a sign of 
 mourning, Jer. 48: 37. Ezek, 7: 18. 
 Used also for a bald spot on the fore 
 part of the head^ (otherwise called 
 nn?a,) Deut. 14: 1. 
 
 1. ncar^ in space or time. Gen. 
 45: 10. Deut. 22: 2. With suff. inSp 
 for lb ni"lp Ps. 148: 14. Ps. 75: 2 
 ^t:;23 i^'^p thy name is near^ i. e. 
 thy praise is in our mouths. (Per- 
 haps also known^ as in Arab.) Plur. 
 -nn-ip my nearest friends. Job 19 : ^'7'^j^ ^- verbal from n^lp^, dec. XIII. 
 14. m. 
 
 2. kindred, allied, construed with 1. i. q. nn^J?. Lev. 13: 42, 43. 
 
 "t: and b^.. Ruth 2: 20. Num. 27: 11. 2. metaphorically a bareness of 
 
 3.short,of short continuance. {Arab. hair on the backside of cloth. Lev. 
 (^^'i idem.) Job 17: 12. ni*)j>73 13: 55. 
 
 for a short time, Job 20: 5. shortly, '^Ip m. in pause '^^g, verbal from 
 
 in*Jp, contrariness, opposition; found 
 
 \ soon, Ezek. 7: 8. 
 
 nip ! intrans. to be bald, smooth. 
 
 2. to make smooth, hence to shave, 
 to make a bald place. Lev. 21 : 5. 
 Mic. 1: 16. 
 
 Niph. impers. a baldness is made, 
 construed with b in honour of a. per- 
 son. Jer. 16: 6. 
 
 Hiph. i. q. Kal. Ezek. 27: 31. 
 
 only in the phrase Dif "'^jp ^'^ti to 
 act in opposition or walk contrary to 
 a person. Lev. 26: 21, 23. with """jpa, 
 verses 24, 27, 40, 41. So in verse 
 
 28 ">^.p. n?3n3 dD72:^ "'nnbrj I -will in 
 
 anger walk contrary to you. 
 ^^'^p m. verbal from ^t'lp no. I. dec. 
 
 Hoph. pass, n^ipza shorn, made lU. sl. called, invited, deputed. Num. 
 bald, Ezek. 29: 18.^' * 16: 2. and 1: 16 Keth. 
 
 n'lp m. verbal from nnp. ^*^'^"1P. ^- verbal from W'^p, a preach- 
 
 1. ice, so called from its smooth- ing, proclamation. Jon. 3: 2. 
 ness. Job 6: 16. 37: 10. 38: 29. j-i^-^p f. dec. X. a city, i. q. ^"^r, but 
 
 2. cr2/5ifaZ,like the Greek ycf/uazal- 
 
 log, from its resemblance to ice. 
 Ezek. 1: 22. 
 
 3. cold. Gen. 31: 40. Jer. 36: 30. 
 n^ p ni. verbal from IT^p, dec. VI. n. 
 
 1. j. q. n^p no. 1. ice, or rather 
 hail. Ps. 1471 17. 
 
 2; proper name (l) of a son of 
 
 almost solely in poetry. Is. 1: 21,26. 
 22: 2. 25:2. 26: 5. 32: 13. (In A- 
 ram. and Arab, idem ; in the latter 
 rather a small city, a village. It is 
 either primitive, and then kindred 
 with Vp no. 2. ^'':>; or, what is 
 better, a Verbal from rrnp. to build, 
 contignarc.) 
 
r? 
 
 The following proper names of cit- 
 ies are compounded of it ; ( 1 .) n^ 1 p. 
 yz^JJ Gen. 23: 2. Josh. 15: 54. 20: 
 7. the ancient name of Hebron. In 
 this name 5^2 "iJJ is not the numeral 
 four^ but Arba the proper name of 
 a man ; (see :;2->w\ .) With the ar- 
 ticle i'2"^C^n n^n'p {the city of Arba;) 
 see Gr. 165. 5. (2.)ni::n-n;:-ip 
 {city of streets) in the territory of 
 Moab. Once Num. 22 : 39. (3.) 
 ^"^1?^"^-"1P (c*Vy of forests) in the 
 tribe of Judah, on the western bound- 
 ary of the tribe of Beniamin. Josh. 
 9:17. 18: 15. Judg. 18:^12. I Sam 6: 
 21. With the article C^n^-^n n^np 
 {the city of forests^) and by corrup- 
 tion a'^nr-r)::^P Ezra 2: 25. Only a 
 different name is b^s-n^np Josh. 
 15:60. 18:14. (4.) nSO-n^np Josh. 
 15: 49. {city oj the law^) and n^'^p 
 ICD {city of writings) a city in the 
 tribe of Judah, otherwise called 
 '-l'^n'7 . Josh. 15: 15, 16. Judg. 1: 11, 
 12. (5.) Cn^l'^P {double city) prop- 
 er name (a.) of a city in the tribe of 
 Reuben. Num.32: 37. Josh. 13: 19. 
 It was afterwards possessed by the 
 Moabites, Jer. 48: 1, 3. Ezek. 25: 9. 
 (b.) of a city in the tribe of Naph- 
 tali. 1 Chr. 6: 61. also called innp, 
 (an ancient dual form from nip,) 
 Josh. 21:32. 
 
 D*np to cover, construed with b?, like 
 other verbs of covering, Ezek. 37 : 
 6 li:> Q^."'c.?!. '"^.'^'llp^ I "^iil cover you 
 with skin. Intrans. with a fut. Cnp^, 
 verse 8. 
 
 'j'^p f. prim. dec. VI. a. 
 
 1. a horn. Hence (l.) a vessel of 
 horn, or a horn used as a vessel. 1 Sam. 
 16:1, 13. 1 K. 1: 39. (2.) a /torn, as 
 a musical instrument. Josh.6:5. (3.) 
 a horn, as a symbol of strength, the 
 figure, which is taken from a bull, 
 being retained more or less. Jer. 48: 
 25 the horn of Moab is broken, i. e. 
 his power is weakened. Comp. Lam. 
 2:3. Ps. 75:11. Fs. 132 : 11 then will 
 I cause a horn to bud to David, i. e. 
 
 583 pp 
 
 exalt his power. Comp. Ezek, 29 : 
 
 21. Am. 6: 13 D^anf^ ^2b l^rrpb we 
 have gained strength. (Comp Hor. 
 Od. III. 21. 18, et addis cornua paupe- 
 ri. Ovid. A. A. i. 139.) Ps. 18: 3]-j.p 
 "^Ik^"^ the horn of my salvation, i. e. 
 my powerful deliverer or helper, 
 (others : the top of my salvation, al- 
 ter signif no. 2. a peak.) (4.) used 
 in several phrases, where we em- 
 ploy the word head. Job 16 : 15 / 
 have defded my horn, i. e. my head, 
 with dust. To exalt the horn or head 
 of any one, i. e. to give dignity and 
 power, Ps. 89: 18. 92: 1 1. Ta exalt 
 one'^s horn or head, i. e. to be arro- 
 gant, Ps. 75: 5, 6. My horn exalts 
 itself, i. e. I acquire new strength, 
 Ps. 89: 25. 1 12: 9. In this first sig- 
 nification, instead of the plural we 
 find the dual Q'^^np and d^Dnp Dan. 
 8: 3, 6, 20. (as if from pp ;) rarely 
 the plur. ni:np Zech. 2:" 1, 4. [1: 
 18, 21.] Ps. 75! 11. But 111:1.1^ is 
 used Ezek. 27:15, for horns of ivory, 
 from a false popular opinion of the 
 ancients that ivory consisted of the 
 horns of an animal, (Plin. H. N. 
 XVIII. 1.) 
 
 2. the top or summit of a mountain, 
 (like the syllable horn in the Swiss 
 words Schreckhorn, Buchhorn.) Is.5:l. 
 (So in Arab.) 
 
 3- nzT;^- ninp horns of the al- 
 tar, i. e. projecting points, which 
 were fixed on the four corners of 
 the altar, prob. in the form of horns. 
 Lev. 4: 7, 18, 25, 30, 34. 8:15. 9: 
 9. 16:18. It cannot denote merely 
 the corners, see Ex. 27: 2. 
 
 4. a beam, ray. In the dual used 
 for flashes of lightning, Hab. 3 r 
 4. The Arabian poets also compare 
 the beams of the sun with his horns; 
 hence the poetical expression, ga- 
 zelle for sun ; (see nb^.JJ.) Hence 
 
 ^P io emit rays, to shine, spoken of 
 
 the countenance of Moses. Ex. 34 : 
 29, 30, 35. But Aqu. and Vulg. ren- 
 der it, to be horned. Hence Chris- 
 tian painters have represented Mo- 
 ses as horned. 
 
ynj? 584 n-^p 
 
 Hiph. to have horns. Ps. 69: 32. nip. Particularly (l.) joined with 
 
 'J'np, emph. i<j1p, Chald. a horn. 0?^^'^% to bite oneh lips^ as a mark 
 
 T^'' c, rrr Jo't^ 1 .^,^-^ A ?^ maliciousness. Prov. 16: 30. 
 
 Dan. 3: 5 ff. 7: 8. Dual i:np. used (2.) joined with y:;^ Prov. 10 : 10. 
 
 also for the plural, Dan. 7: 8, 20, 24^ Ps. 35: 19. and D^:^y2 Prov. 6 : 13. 
 
 (D'lp found only Is. 46: 1. perhaps to to wink with the eyes., as a mark of 
 
 be bowed down, like the parall. :i?^3, falsehood. 
 
 ;. J. . .u " Pu. Job. 33:6 Da "^niz^p "nTanTJ 
 
 comp. D-?D. (According to the ver- _^ ,.^ . ^ " , ' ^ "' J ' , " 
 
 . ^ , I 7 . r t,- t, ^^^ liter, from the clay was I also 
 
 sions, to be broken m pieces., tor which -^,77 r^^ r. 
 
 we may compare u;np in Arab, am- dipped or broken ojf. The figure is 
 
 , ., 7 . .^. ^ . ^ , taken from the potter, who nips off 
 
 ^utavzt, or by transposition ^'I;:d io ^ j^^^ ^^ ^j {^^^ ^^ ^^^^^ 
 
 break m pieces.) Hence in,,i^ , . x /^^ 
 
 ^^ ui/ ^^* J TTT V^p m. destruction, .^er, 46:20. (Root 
 
 O^p m. verbal from D'lp, dec. VI. a. .>. ... "^ 
 
 *' V ; . A 1' -u 1 Arab. U^r^ consumsit. exterminavit.) 
 
 o w^ooa: or /nw, connected with a loop. J ' ^ 
 
 Ex. 26: 6, 11,33. 35: 11. 39: 33. V^p ni. Chald. a /^iece, from theHeb- 
 
 Q'^VpljP plur. or u'^VpljP dual, y^;:. Found only in the phrase b^N!. 
 
 prob." ankles. Ps. 18 : 37." 2 Sam.22: '1 ''^IP- ^^ ^^ the pieces of^ personj 
 
 37. Vulg. tali. (Likewise in the Tar- a metaphorical expression for to 
 
 gum Ezek. 47: 3, for ankles., and in slander or inform against him. Dan. 
 
 Judg. 1: 6, for ^reai toes.) 3: 8. 6: 25. (In Syr. idem. In Arab. 
 
 :^yP 1. to rend, to tear in pieces ; par- < ^^ ^^^ ^^^^ / ^ per^, for <o 
 
 ^.*^ , , , ^, . r, slander; also simply , V -^' conj. 
 
 ticularly clothes, as a sign of mourn- ^ j^ u -^ 
 
 ing. Gen. 37 : 29, 34. 44 : 13. heav- , , . jC^ f 
 
 en, spoken of God, Is. 63: 19. IV- to calumniate ; ^^J^=^^ calum- 
 
 [64:1.1 ^^^^ ^^^ ^ ^y:^ 
 
 P ' )-:= .i .. -It 5?P")P ni' a quadri literal, <^e ground^ 
 
 Jer. 4: 30. to tear open the eyes with *- '- 
 
 stibium., with a reference to the bottom] as {l.) the Jloor or pavement 
 
 mode of procedure in the painting of the tabernacle or temple. Num. 
 
 of the eyes, (see bn3 ;) a strong ex- 5: 17. 1 K. 6: 15, 16, 30. (2.) the bot- 
 
 pression used perhaps designed- tom of the sea. Am. 9: 3. (In Chald. 
 
 jy idem. In Arab. '^'^^ solum planum et 
 
 3. to tear off ov away. Lev. 13: (equabile.) 
 
 56. 1 Sam. 15: 28 Jehovah has torn "l")p to be cold, cool. In Hebrew not 
 2riV^l k"" IIm/ f^raelfrom thee. .^^^^^^ j^^^.^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^.^^^ ^^^^ 
 
 4. to cut in pieces, (with a knife.) tD^P. m. dec. VI. h. a board or plank. 
 Jer. 36: 23. Ex. 26: 15 ff. 36: 20 ff Ezek. 27 : 6. 
 
 5. to cut out. Jer. 22: 14. The etymology is uncertain; per- 
 
 6. to revile, verbis proscindere. Ps. haps from Arab. 'iJnp ijfi li ampu- 
 35: 15. (Arab, c 5 conj. II. incre- , -^ ^-^J 
 
 puit, corripuit. Comp. Sp3 nos. 1, n"ip, f i- q- ^^"^p cz^2/- Job 29: 7. 
 2 ^.) Prov. 8: 3. 9: 3. Chald. fin"}p icZm. 
 
 It r 1 K 1^" 5 "^ '^^^^ ^*^^"^^ ^^ ^^^ word is still re- 
 
 -^-'i tained in Cirta, Tigranocerta, etc. 
 
 ^^IP. "^^^^' P^"^- ^^^^^^ ^"^^^ ^^Pr^ names of cities. 
 
 pieces of a garment, rags. 1 K. 11:30, ^P'^p proper name of a city in the 
 
 31. Prov. 23: 21. ^ ' '" ^ 
 
 nk^ /-. . , .,, \ ^ / . 4 tribe of Naphtali, otherwise called 
 
 p^ (in Arab, with ^JC,) * 6i(e, to ^,^,^^_ j J^ ^1: 32. ^ h an aa- 
 
D'::;? 
 
 585 
 
 u 
 
 ^p 
 
 eient termination of the dual, and with ^y, Prov. 17:4. 29: 12. with an 
 the two names are synonymous. accus. Job 13: 6. 
 
 JTiTp and HTlSp, found only in the lllpp m- verbal from TIJ;5, attention. 
 plur. mipp Ex. 25: 29.37: 16. is.'21:7. 
 
 const. nVsDp) Num. 4: 7. ^oibj/^, rfwA- ^uip m- verbal adj. from n^lJjD, dec. I. 
 e*. (Chald. -iDj^, plur. niDj^ icZem.) attentive. Ps. 130: 2. 
 
 ni^'^'CSp f. Gen. 33 : 19. Josh. 24: 32. 
 
 Job 42 : 11. prob. a coin of unknown 
 value, or a certain weight made use 
 
 of in reckoning, (comp. Arab. i^2.*^5 
 a balance., also a certain measure ; 
 
 J^f^y conj. V. to divide equally ;) 
 perhaps also a vessel used in barter, 
 
 (comp. Syr. l.^injD i. q. Heb. np.p. a 
 
 vessel.) Faber zu Harmer's Beob. iib. 
 den Orient, Th. 2. p. 1519. The 
 ancient versions for the most part 
 render it a lamb. According to 
 Rabbi Akiba (Bocharti Hieroz. T. 
 I. 3. c. 43.) a certain coin bore this 
 name in Africa, in comparatively 
 modern times. 
 
 n'iSp'tSp f plur. S"'^,'^'!:;^ (l Sam. 17: 
 5.) and niiDpt:;^ (Ezek. 29 : 4.) a 
 scale. Lev.lh9ff.n^'-^p_pji )i^^ina 
 coat of mail of scales^ 1 Sam. 17:5. 
 
 i23p m. verbal from *i:'.2^i^, straw^ halm^ 
 Ex. lb: 1. stubble, Is. 5] 24. 47: 14. 
 Particularly ^yz/ig stubble^ chaff, Job 
 13- 25. 
 
 CS'^J^oip masc. plur. Num. 11: 5. a 
 
 !2l!DP, fem. ni'^JP, verbal adj. from 
 
 n^rj^, attentive. Neh. 1: 6, 1 1. 
 
 Hilip 1- to be hard, spoken e. g. of 
 
 words. 2 Sam. 19: 44. Also to be cru- 
 el, terrible, spoken of anger, Gen. 
 49: 7. 
 
 2. to be heavy, diffcult, hard. I 
 Sam. 5: 7. Deut. 15: 18. Spoken of 
 a cause in law, Deut. 1: 17. 
 
 Niph. part. JT-i^pS burdened, op* 
 pressed, troubled. Is. '8: 21. 
 
 Pi. to make hard or heavy. Gen. 
 35: 16 nn'lbz u^jyr}^ she had hard la- 
 hour. In verse 17, the same is ex- 
 pressed by the Hiph. 
 
 Hiph. ntjpn, fut. apoc. i^Jp^i. 
 
 1. to harden, e. g. (l.) the heart, 
 to render obdurate. Ex. 7: 3. Deut. 2: 
 30. Ps. 95:8. Prov. 28 : 14. (2.) 
 one's neck, i. e. to be stiffnecked. 
 Deut. 10: 16. 2 K. 17: 14. Without 
 Pl-^>,Job 9: 4. 
 
 2. to make heavy or grievous. 1 K. 
 12: 4. 2 K. 2: 10 bifi^'f b ""'^Jpri thou 
 hast asked a hard thing. Ex. 13: 15 
 ^3nVi?b n3^")D Il':^pri ^'Zwhen Pha- 
 raoh made difficulties about letting us 
 go- 
 
 species of cucumbers or melons, j-.^p f^^. j^.^^p ^grbal adj. from 
 pumkms, with an oblong, green, * t ' " 
 
 sweet-tasted fruit ; Arab. vX5^ now 
 called in Egypt chate, hence cucu- 
 mis chate, Linn. Deriv. T'r^p,J2 no . II. 
 a melon-garden. 
 DtiDp to give attention, to be attentive, 
 
 to hearken. In Kal only Is. 32: 3. 
 
 Hiph. joined with iwVN, to incline 
 one^s ear attentively, to hearken. Ps. 
 10:17. Prov.2:2. Hence without T37k\, 
 intrans. as in Kal ; construed with 3, 
 Ps. 66: 19. with \, Ps. 5:3. Is. 48: 
 18. with bN. Ps. 142: 7. Neh. 9 : 34. 
 
 74 
 
 ni^p, dec. IX. b. and XI. a. 
 
 1. hard ; spoken e. g. of words, 
 Gen. 42 : 7, 30. of servitude, Ex. 1: 
 14. 6:9. 1 K. 12: 4. Job 30: 25 
 Dl'^-n^jp one whose day is hard, i. e. 
 an unfortunate man. Particularly (l.) 
 joined with n*\i!', stiffnecked. Ex, 
 32:9. 34:9.(2.) joined with D->:5, of a 
 bold front, impudent, shameless. E- 
 zek. 2: 4. (3.) joined with lb, of a 
 hard, inflexible heart. Ezek. 3: 7. So 
 without addition. Is. 48: 4. 
 
 2. heavy, difficult. Judg. 4: 24. Ex^ 
 18:26. 
 
 3. frm. Cant. 8: 6, 
 
nt::p 
 
 586 
 
 nnp 
 
 4. violent ; spoken of the wind, 
 Is. 27: 8. of a battle, 2 Sam. 2: 17. 
 
 6. powerful^ mighty^ gravis auctor- 
 itate. 2 Sam. 3: 39. 
 
 Deriv. "'IJp, n^p?2, )ntj>J2 no. I. 
 Di'vDp Chald! 'truth.' {See \he Heb. 
 
 t2-^p.) Dan. 4: 34. [4: 37.]-t2iu;p ]^ 
 in' truths certainly, Dan. 2: 47. 
 jndp Arab, jsrl/^'i i- q. H'iJp io 6e 
 
 hard. In Kal not used. 
 
 Hiph. 1. to harden (the heart.) Is. 
 63:17. 
 
 2. ^0 treat harshly. .Job 39 : 16. 
 Ddp m. Ps. 60: 6. and 'qtpFroY. 22: 
 
 21. truth. {Aram, ti^^p , 1 Ajsq^d 
 
 ^*c?em. In Arab. }o.mk3 to be right, 
 
 equitable!) 
 "^ilip m- verbal from tl'iJp, hardness, 
 
 obduracy, stubbornness. Deut. 9; 27. 
 npp, fut. '-It;'p\ 1. to bind, fetter. 
 
 Gen. 38 : 28. Bletaphorically Gen. 
 44: 30. Prov. 22: 15. 
 
 2. to enter into a conspiracy, to con- 
 spire, construed with by against a 
 person. 1 K. 15: 27. 16: 9, 16. 2 K. 
 10: 9. In full T^p. ^^p. 
 
 3. part. pass, bound, close, hence 
 strong. Gen. 30: 42. For this transi- 
 tion of meaning, see pin no. 3. 
 
 Niph. 1. pass, of Kal no. 1. Met- 
 aphorically 1 Sam. 18: 1. 
 
 2. to be joined together, to be closed, 
 spoken of a wall. Neh. 3: 38. [4: 6.] 
 
 Pi. i. q. Kal no. 1. Job 38: 31. 
 
 Pu. part, nili^p'^. the strong 
 {sheep,) Gen. 30: 41. see Kal no. 3. 
 
 Hithpa. i. q. Kal no. 2. 2 K. 9: 14. 
 2 Chr. 24: 25, 26. 
 ^tpp m. with suif. ^^'Pp,-, verbal from 
 T2;p, dec. VI. h. a conspiracy. See 
 *Ti3ji no. 2. 2 K. 11: 14. nujj;?. ^irp 
 to form a conspiracy, 2 K. 12 : 21. 
 14: 19. 15: 30. This name is also 
 given to the combination of Israel 
 
 and Syria against Judah Is. 8:12, 
 because it was opposed to the peo- 
 ple of God, and was an unnatural 
 alliance. 
 
 U^I'Cjp masc. plur. verbal from I'iipj 
 
 a. girdle, an ornament worn by wo- 
 men. Is. 3: 20. Jer. 2: 32. 
 
 "di23p in Kal only Zeph. 2:1. see 
 
 Hitlipa. 
 
 Po. 'Ci'^p to search after, to collect ; 
 e. g. straw, Ex. 5: 7, 12. wood, Num. 
 15: 32. 
 
 Hithpo. Zeph. 2: 1 r^ipi V2itpm 
 
 collect yourselves, i. e. go into your- 
 selves, examine yourselves. The 
 ancient versions : assemble yourselves 
 together. 
 Derir. UJp. 
 ri'dp, phir- ^^*"i^pT const, nin^^jp^ 
 com. gen. (masc. 1 Sam. 2 : 22. fem. 
 Ps. 18: 35.) 
 
 1. a bow, to shoot with. '^"i'^ 
 Jn'tZip. to stretch the bow, see T"^"^- 
 M'-Pp.-]?. the son of the bow, i. e. the 
 arrow. Job 41 : 20. [41 : 28.] To 
 break the bow of any one, i. e. to de- 
 stroy his power, Hos. 1: 5. Jer. 49: 
 35. comp. Ps. 76: 4. 
 
 2. as a collect, archers. Is. 21: 17. 
 22: 3. 
 
 2. a rain-bow. Gen. 9: 13 ff. Ezek. 
 1: 28. 
 
 3. 2 Sam. 1 : 18. the song of the 
 bow, the title of the elegy on Saul 
 and Jonathan, from the incidental 
 naming of the bow in verse 22. The 
 titles of the chapters of the Koran, as 
 well as of most other oriental works, 
 appear to us equally unsuitable. 
 Hence the denom. 
 
 DuDp m. denom. from n^p., an ar- 
 Iher. Gen. 21: 20. 
 
 DTnnp Chald.the constant Keri forthe 
 Kethib Dhn'^p a harp. It is the more 
 usual form in the Targums, but on 
 that account less to be approved. 
 
wxn 
 
 587 
 
 n^^ 
 
 Resh^ the 20th letter of the alpha- 
 bet, and as a numerical sign denot- 
 ing 200. The name U;"^-}. == "iJiS") 
 denotes a head^ and has reference to 
 the shape of the letter in the Phe- 
 nician alphabet (q,) whence by inver- 
 sion the Greek Pco (P.) For the in- 
 terchange of this letter with b and 
 D, see those letters. Here observe 
 (l.) that n sometimes assimilates it- 
 self to the following letter ; e. g. 
 "n^L^N, whence '^ with Dagesh fol- 
 lowing, (for the omission of the N, 
 see p. 2.) pTlJ73^'3, usually p'iJTSl 
 
 Damascus ; p2^ Arab.'^V-C^J name 
 of a river; NpnS Heb. i^'O'D a throne. 
 (2.) that between the first and sec- 
 ond radicals a "i is sometimes insert- 
 ed, and then a quadriliteral is for^ji- 
 ed; as e. g. ban^ i. q. ^53 to bind^ 
 fetter; {iSSf^D and 5]'^2;p a branch; 
 D^2:?^U) and'a^is^'ip thoughts. 
 
 n^i^l, fut. mN"]":, apoc. N^::, with Vav 
 convers. i^n.^}, i^^ni, infin. absol. 
 n^n, INI, const, n^^n.' 
 
 1. to see., look; very freq. Usual- 
 ly construed with an accus. once 
 with ^, Ps. 64 : 6. with ir^, to look 
 upon a thing, Ex. 5: 21. with ]*2, to 
 see the difference between.^ Mai. 3: 18. 
 So in the phrase to see the face of 
 a king., i. e. to be his confidant, 2 K. 
 25: 19. Est. 1: 14. Ecc. 12: 3 nii<^ 
 n^2'l^t3 which look through the -win- 
 dows. 
 
 2. construed with 2, to look upon 
 or view with interest or sympathy ; 
 (l.) with satisfaction, to rejoice in a 
 thing. Job 3: 9. 20: 17. Particularly 
 in the destruction of one's enemies, 
 Ps. 22: 18. 37: 34. 64: 9. 112: 8 
 rniSz ni*")^ '^TZiN-^S? until he rejoi- 
 
 ces in his enemies, i. e. in their dcio 
 struction. Obad. 12. (2.) with grief. 
 Gen. 21 : 16 ^^,^n n'-]^l !lw\-^i< bi* 
 let me not see the death of the child' 
 44: 34. Est. 8: 6. (Comp. 2 no. 17.) 
 
 3. to look on., to view. Lev. 13: 3, 
 5, 17. Prov. 23: 31. Cant. 1: 6. Con- 
 strued with 2, Gen. 34: 1 . Cant. 6: 
 
 11. Ecc. 11: *4 D"'n^'5. nk^.n he who 
 oieweth the clouds. Particularly spo- 
 ken of God, to look on., in order to 
 relieve, Ex. 4: 31 D^2^ ni$. ni**^ "^D*? 
 and that he looked on their affliction. 
 Ps. 9: 14. 25: 18. 31: 8. Construed 
 with 2, Gen. 29: 32. 1 Sam. 1: 11. 
 
 4. to look or see to a thing, to take 
 
 care for it, construed with an accus. 
 
 (like i-n^) Gen. 39: 23. Ps. 37: 37. 
 
 Prov. 23' 33. 1 K.I2: 16 'rin^n riM^ 
 I . .. ... 
 
 ^T*! see to thine house., i. e. take care 
 
 for 'thine house, O David. Is. 26: 10. 
 
 5. to see., know, discern. Jer. 20 : 
 
 12. Ecc. 1: 16. 
 
 6. to visit. 2 Sam. 13: 5. 2 K. 8: 
 29. 2 Chr. 22: 6. 
 
 7. to choose, select. Gen. 22: 8. 41: 
 33. Deut. 12: 13. Part. pass. 'riNn 
 select, chosen. Est. 2: 9. 
 
 8. to see or experience ; e. g. good, 
 Ps. 34: 13. Ecc. 3: 13. 6: 6. constru- 
 ed with 2, Jer. 29 : 32. evil, Lam. 
 3: 1. Prov. 27: 12. To enjoy life, 
 Ecc. 9: 9. to suffer death, Ps. 89: 49. 
 to have a part in the grave, Ps. 16: 
 10. 49: 10. Construed with 2, Obad. 
 13. 
 
 Niph. \. to be seen. 1 K. 6: 18. 
 
 2. to show one''s self, to appear^ 
 construed with ^N. Lev. 13: 19. 1 
 K. 18: 1. nirr; ^?e-ni< jijj^.: to 
 
 appear before Jehovah, i. e. to visit 
 his sanctuary, Ex. 34: 23, 24. Deut. 
 31: 11. 1 Sam. 1 : 22. comp. Ex. 23: 
 17. Ps. 42: 3. Spoken particularly 
 of Jehovah, Gen. 12 : 7. 17 : 1. 18: 
 1. More rarely with ir, Jer. 31: 3. 
 
\\n 
 
 588 
 
 r:.Hn 
 
 Pu. to he seen. Once Job 33: 21. 
 Hiph. riN^n and riw^nn, fut. apoc. 
 t<^!ll (like Kai) 2 K.WU. 
 
 1. to cause to see^ to show^ constru- 
 ed with two accus. 2 K. 8: 13. Nah. 
 3: 5. Amos 7: 1. 
 
 2. metaphorically like Kal no . 8. 
 to cause to experience good or evil. 
 Ps. 60: 5. 71 : 20, Ecc. 2: 24. Con- 
 strued with 2 of the thing, Ps. 50: 
 23. 91: 16. '' 
 
 Hoph. to he 5^oiiyn, liter, to he made tU'^fi^l see D^l. 
 to see. Ex. 25: 40 nJJ^.^ri nriwN n^N 
 ntii 'which thou hast been shown in 
 
 T T 
 
 ^/le mount. 26: 30. Deut. 4: 35. Lev. 
 
 13: 49 "irrbn nj< nisnn ii shall be 
 
 1 ' V T ; T 
 
 shown to the priest. 
 
 Hithpa- rTN"nn!i to look on one 
 another. Gen. 42: 1. Also in a hos- 
 tile sense, to see one another in battle.^ 
 to try each other'' s strength., 2 K. 1 4 : 
 8, 11. Comp. the old German prov- 
 erb, sich die KopJ^e^ oder das Weisse 
 im Auge hesehn. 
 
 Deriv. out of course Dii^"!, "^i^"!, 
 ^^"1, ?^^'-))2, nin?3, Chald. -ri. 
 tli^^l found only Deut. 14: 13. prob. 
 a corrupted reading for HfiJ^, as in 
 the parallel passage Lev. 11 : 14. 
 See n^-. 
 
 T T 
 
 ni^^n m- a participial noun from InJJ'n, 
 
 dec. IX. a. 
 
 1. a seer.^ prophet., according to 1 
 Sam. 9 : 9, the more ancient name 
 for ^'^'^z. It is used by way of emi- 
 nence of Samuel, 1 Sam. 9: 9 ff. 1 
 Chr. 9: 22. 26: 28. 29: 29. of anoth- 
 er prophet, 2 Chr. 16: 7, 10. 
 
 2. i. q. "^Nn a vision. Is. 28: 7. 
 'jD^i^'l Reuben., the proper name of 
 
 the eldest son of Jacob, (who, how- 
 
 Job 37: 18. See ilJJ^72 no. 2, Arab. 
 ^.J p idem. 
 
 '^jj^'n? in pause ''ith, verbal from riN^. 
 
 t: ' . ^ ^ 
 
 1. a sight.) vision. Gen. -16: 13. See 
 the art. "^^ih ^nb ^Nz. 
 
 2. i. q. !r!2Si'175 an appearance., form. 
 1 Sam. 16: 12. Job 33: 21 his Jlesh 
 consumes away "^^,"1^. out oj'view. 
 
 3. a spectacle., gazing stock., nagoi- 
 Setyi^ia. Nah. 3: 6. 
 
 ever, lost his birthright,) and pro- 
 genitor of the tribe which was na- 
 med from him. The most natural 
 etymology would be, see., a son ! But 
 a different derivation is given Gen. 
 29: 32. 
 
 r^l^l f. verbal from tlJ^'l, a seeing. 
 Ecci 5: 10 Keri. 
 
 ^'.i^'n m. verbal from J^^{*^, a mirror. 
 
 p-L)\^n see ^W^-]. 
 
 Di^n Zech. 14: 10. i. q. tD^^ to he 
 high. See under the letter N, p. 1 , 2. 
 
 t]i<"l m. Num. 23: 22. Deut. 33: 17. 
 D\Njn Ps. 92 : 11. tZD^l Job 39 : 9, 
 10. Plur. tZl-iTi^:"^ Ps. 29 : 6. also 
 tZl^73-\ Ps. 22 : 22. the wild buffalo. 
 
 (Arab. f^,r a species of gazelle, 
 
 which sense some apply to the He- 
 brew; but the signification of the 
 Arabic here is only cognate, and not 
 identical. The Greek ov^aXog, 
 ffovl^aXig is also used of the gazelle, 
 and the Arabians call stags and ante- 
 lopes wild oxen. See Schultens in 
 Job 39: 9, 10. De Wette's Commen- 
 tar in Ps. 22 : 22. comp. Bocharti 
 Hieroz. T. I. p. 948 ff.) Sept. Vulg. 
 monoceros., unicornis., rhinoceros ; 
 against which see Bochart. 
 n*lSfi^"l strictly part. act. plur. for 
 ni^'n (Prov. 24: 7.) and then 
 
 1 , heights ; used only as a proper 
 name (1.) of a city in Gilead, other- 
 wise called ni72n, rs2^^. n^n. Deut. 
 4: 43. Josh. 20: 8. l' Chr. 6: 65. (2.) 
 of a city in the tribe of Issachar. 1 
 Chr.6: 58. perhaps i. q. n72n Josh.l9: 
 21. and nn)3^: Josh. 21: 29. 
 
 2. a costly substance, according 
 to the Hebrew interpreters, red co- 
 rals. Job 28: 18. Ezek. 27: 16. 
 
 tdi^l poor. See I^Tl* 
 
 T 
 
 ;23!S^"1 m. a different orthography for 
 
 ^rj'^'n poverty. Prov, 30: 8. 
 
tDwsn 
 
 589 
 
 i23fi^n 
 
 tiS^'n Chald. i. q. Heb. *:JJi^. 
 
 1. a head. Dan. 2: 38. "^t^N'n >l\n 
 the visions of my head or fancy ^ or 
 better simply my visions^ making 
 '^cii^'l merely a periphrasis of the 
 
 ftersonal pronoun. Dan. 4: 2^ 7, 10. 
 4:5, 10, 13.] 7: 15. 
 
 2. the sum^ amount. Dan. 7: 1. 
 Plur. I'^ilJNn Dan. 7: 6. also after 
 
 the Hebrew form ]"'*ii^n Ezra 5: 
 10. heads^ chiefs. 
 
 I. ID^I m. (for-lJNn. or UJNh by a 
 Syriasm,) plur. D"'U;n-j (for D"u;i^n,) 
 once ')';rc<"l (Is. 15: 2.) prim, irreg. 
 
 1. a head. ^IJN'lS "jris to let come 
 on the head of any one., Ezek. 9: 10. 
 11: 21. 16: 43. 17: 19. 22: 31. 
 ilD'i^MIS with the danger of our heads .^ 
 1 Chr. 12: 19. comp. 'liD:2 under 
 tJCD no. 2. (2.) 
 
 2. the first or highest in its kind. 
 Hence (l.) a head., chief leader. 1 
 Sam. 15: 17. ninN n"*? 'vL'tth and 
 simply nTDJ< S^^e head of a family^ 
 Ex. 6:14, 25. Num. 7:2. 32 : 28. 
 36 : 1 . (2.) a chief city., metropolis. 
 Josh. 11: 10. Is. 7: 8.(3.) thehighest 
 place., first rank. l2^?^t^ yrvzi the 
 high-priest., 2 Chr. 19: 11. instead of 
 which we find in 2 Chr. 24: 6, sim- 
 ply \:JN-irT, after no. (l.) Job 29: 
 25 tNS :3'4:J$ / sat in the highest 
 pkice. Amos 6: 7 D'bii 'IJi^ha at the 
 head of the captives. (4.) the top or 
 highest part., as of a mountain, Gen. 
 8: 5. 2 K. 1: 9. of a tower, Gen. 11: 
 4. of a pillar, 1 K. 7: 19. of an ear 
 of corn. Job 24: 24. M:5 U;:<*| the 
 head stone of the corner., (not the foun- 
 dation stone,) Ps. 118: 22. Meta- 
 phorically nn^'^P ^i<"i ih^ highest 
 joy, Ps^l37:6. U^TD'C^^ -"^N^ the 
 most costly spices, Cant. 4: 14. Ezek. 
 27: 22. 
 
 3. the first ; e. g. C^w'in^: 'iji^-i 
 the first month, Ex. 12: 2. hence the 
 begi7ining,SLS 'u:^^72^ from the begin- 
 ning, Is. 40: 21. 41 : 26. 48: 16. 
 D''\I;Wl Jl5?2'li* four beginnings of 
 streams, Gen. 2: 10. (So the Lat. ca- 
 
 put, Caes.de Bello Gall. viii. 41. 4. 
 Pomp. Mela, 11. 4.) '^yi UjNH the bc^ 
 ginning of the way, a cross-way, Ezek. 
 16: 25. ni^il^n 1 the beginning or 
 head of the streets, Lam. 2: 19. 
 
 4. the sum, the whole number. Lev. 
 5: 24 [6: 5] r>:;i<"l2 according to the 
 sum. Ps. 119: 160* ^ni'^ uJ.Nn the 
 sum of thy words. Hence Ui^^n NiD3 
 to take the sum, to number, measure. 
 See uNip; no. 8. (3.) Hence 
 
 5. a company, midtitude, host ; par- 
 ticularly of warriors. Judg. 7: 16, 
 20. 9: 34,37,43. 1 Sam. 11: 11. 
 
 Deriv. ]iu;N*-), fi"^'iJ^l, niUJiX^X3. 
 
 II. "jjwSin and (i:')-) (Deut. 32: 32.) 
 
 1. a poisonous plant, Deut. 29: 
 17. which grows in the fields, Hos. 
 10: 4. bears fruit in clusters, Deut. 
 32: 32. (unless this verse falls under 
 signif no. 2.) and is bitter, Ps. 
 69: 22. Lam. 3 : 5. Hence its fre- 
 quent connexion with fil^b worm-, 
 wood, Deut. 29: 17. Lam? 3: 19. 
 *>ii<h "^12^ poisonous water or bitter wa- 
 ter, Jer. 8: 14. 9: 14. 23: 15. Its 
 specific meaning cannot be deter- 
 mined. Perhaps night-shade ; or ac- 
 cording to Michaelis, darnel, lolium 
 temulentum ; or according to Oed- 
 mann, the poisonous coloquintida ; or 
 according to Celsius (Hierob. II. 46 
 ff.) the cicuta. 
 
 2. poison of any kind. Deut. 32: 
 33. 
 
 III. ^ri^in Ezek. 38: 2, 3. 39: 1. prop- 
 er name of a Scythian people, men- 
 tioned in connexion with Meshech 
 and Tubal, in the northern parts of 
 Asia Minor. The Byzantine wri- 
 ters speak of a rude and savage peo- 
 ple about the northern Taurus, cal- 
 led J^o^g, {Russians ?) See J. D. Mi- 
 chaelis Supple'm. p. 2225. 
 
 indi^"! f- plur. nr:;fi<^, dec. X. a be- 
 ginning, i. q. '12; j^^ no. 3. The form 
 of the word resembles the Syr. t.A\ 
 Ezek. 36: 11. 
 
 n L;ii<"l f- i- q 'ti^'l no. 2. in the phrase 
 JTi^J^i'irr l^i^.Tt the chief comer stone^ 
 vJch.A: 7. " 
 
SI 
 
 590 
 
 nn 
 
 "j'ld^i*! (by a Syriasm for ^'i^'^N"), as 
 
 in the Kethib of Josh. 21: 10. Job 
 15: 7. and in the Samar. Pentateuch 
 constantly,) a denom. adj. from Ui^S, 
 (with an epenthetic Yod, like ]T^"'p 
 from yp,) fem. n:ii;"^}^, the jirst^ in 
 time, order, or dig-nity. Plur. D'^j'ii^^'l 
 the forefathers^ Deut. 19: 14. D"'7q^ 
 fi":'2;*i<-i the first days^ Deut. 10:10. 
 nij'l'Nnn the former' things^ the for- 
 mer events^ Is. 41:22. Fem. n:U;"^n 
 as an adv. first ^foremost ^ Gen. 33:2. 
 38 : 28. before^ Dan. 11 : 29. more 
 commonly n:t/"j^n2 first^ Num. 10: 
 13, 14 at the firsts Gen. 13: 4. Is. 1: 
 Sj6. n3t:"t?^b at the firsts Judg. 18: 
 29. (See ]r^-'-].) 
 *^D'lir>51, fem. n%,j idem. Jer. 25: 1. 
 
 nitiu^n see nri!:^?n>3. 
 
 n'^'OiS'l f. once n^-^n (Deut. 11: 12.) 
 denom. from t:N*-i = Chald. *1JJ{"1 
 caput.) princeps., (with the termina- 
 tion rr*-., see Gesen. Lehrgeb. 122. 
 2.) dec I. liter, principium. 
 
 \. a he^' 
 Jer. 28: 1. 
 
 2. a former state. Job 42: 12. 
 
 3. the first in its kind., a firstling., 
 frstfruits. Gen. 49: 3 ^:^wN n"''.:;i<"l 
 
 the firstfmits of my strength. 
 TX*^"]: *^'"4^^'?. ^he firstfmits of his cre- 
 ation., Prov. 8:22. comp. Job 40: 19. 
 Spoken particularly of the first-fruits 
 which were brought into the 
 temple. Lev. 2: 12. 23 : 10. Deut. 
 18:4. 26:10. Hence D-^i^ rT^U;Nn 
 the first., I.e. the most eminent, o/* 
 the nations.. Num. 24: 21. Am. 6: 1. 
 I. !}*[ , in pause -n, fem. t'S'^, plur. 
 
 Cr:"!, verbal adj. from i^"^, dec. 
 VIIL h. 
 
 1. much., many., numerous; as 
 -^ Mr.p^J much cattle^ Num. 32: 1. 
 ^iZ'n tTi*^?; a numerous train of ser- 
 "oants^ Gen. 26: 14. p'^rz n?"} having 
 
 many children^ 1 Sam. 2: 5. Ex. 1 9: 
 
 21 n^ ^:7??2 bp^"] and many of them 
 fall. Plur. a^Z'^ C'^?^' many days., a 
 
 nmng. Gen. 1: 1. 10: 10. 
 
 long time^ Gen. 2\: Si. As an adv. 
 much^ exceedingly^ sufficient., enough^ 
 Ps. 123:3. Gen. 33:9. Also joined 
 with substantives, Ps. 18 : 15 D"'p.~^3 
 m*! lightnings in abundance. ( omp. 
 t2^'2.) !in^' I") it is now enough., it 
 sifffices^ 2 Sam. 24 : 16. 1 K. 19 : 4. 
 Also in the same sense "^b ;i^ Deut. 
 3: 26. Dp.b ni Ezek. 45 : 9. Num. 
 16: 3. Construed with an infin. Deut. 
 1: 6 n:2'ij tD^b S'l ye have dwelt 
 long enough. 2:3. with ]12., Ezek. 44: 
 6 DD'^ni:i:;in bs:q DDb n-} desist 
 from all your abominations. 1 K. 12* 
 28. Ex. 9 : 28. Fem. iisn in like 
 manner as an adv. much, sufficient., 
 Ps. 62 : 3. more frequently in 
 the const, state DZi^, Ps.65: 10. 120: 
 
 6. 123: 4. 
 
 2. great., mighty. Ps.31: 20 n^ ^73 
 ^^nt2 how great is thy goodness ! 145: 
 
 7. Is. 63 : 1 ^^'rinb nn mighty to 
 save. Plur. tZi^Z^ the great., the 
 mighty, Job 35:10. As a subst. ^rea^ 
 ness, Ps. 145: 7. Is. 63: 7. 
 
 3. older, major natu. Gen. 25: 23. 
 Plur. tZl'^2-^ the aged. Job 32: 9. 
 
 4. as a subst. a chief, captain, 
 leader, prince, i. q. -^tp, particularly 
 in later Hebrew ; e.g. tZJTlzt^ in 
 the captain of the body guard, 2 K. 
 25: 8. t2^D^"lD ^-^ a captain of 
 the eunuchs, Dan. 1 : 3. Est. 1 : 8. 
 
 II. r^-) m. dec. VIII. h. Job 16 : 13- 
 
 according to the versions, an arrow, 
 or an archer. See. ^ni no. 11. 
 inn Chald. 1. great. Dan. 2: 10, 31, 
 35, 45. 
 
 2. subst. a chief, head, captain. 
 Dan. 5: 11. 2:48. 
 
 Plur. 'j'^n'^ln (from an obsol. sing. 
 n^n-^.,) Dan. 3: 33. [4: 3.] 2 : 48. 7 : 
 3, 7, 17. ]^"1^1 -V.'? lo sp^ttk 
 great things, i. e. to make arrogant 
 or blasphemous speeches, Dan. 7: 8, 
 20. Comp. Rev. 13: 5. and in Heb. 
 ^5b5:. 
 
 nn see 2n. 
 
 is**! (strictly an infin. from ia^^i,) in the 
 
nm 
 
 591 
 
 nai 
 
 later books also written in full iin 
 (Job 35: 9. Est. 10. 3.) before Mak- 
 keph. -^"J, with suff. C27, verbal 
 from nn-n no. I. dec. VIII. d. 
 
 1. multitude^ number. Lev. 25: 16. 
 Is. 1: 11. n*^'^ abundantly^ very much., 
 Gen. 30 : 30^! 48: 16. Deut. 1: 10. 
 Plur. Hos. 8: 12 Keri. 
 
 2. greatness. HS-i'l greatness of 
 strength., Ps. 33: 16. 51:3. 
 
 I. nn to be or become many or nu- 
 merous. Gen. 6: 1. Ps. 3: 2. 69: 5. 104: 
 24. Is. 59: 12. Found only in the 
 pret. and in the infin. in ; the oth- 
 er tenses are formed from rTn*^. 
 
 T T 
 
 Pu. denom. from nii'l, to be in- 
 creased to myriads. Ps. 144: 13. 
 
 Deriv. Si, nzi, ih, n^iai, 
 
 II. !!2!}1 or DDI to shoot arrows. 
 
 ~ f T 
 
 (Perhaps kindred with In^"!, by a 
 commutation of )2 and i, see 2.) 
 Hence the pret nah i^ey 5^00^ ar- 
 roTW*, Gen. 49 : 23. Some likewise 
 place here Ps. 18:15 nn D^pia he 
 shoots out lightning. See the deriv. 
 ni no. II. 
 
 Note. These two roots nos. I. and 
 II. were made distinct by Kimchi. 
 
 riDDI f. verbal from n^n, dec. XI. c 
 
 a myriad., ten thousand. Judg. 20: 10, 
 Plur. DTiil myriads., for the most 
 part used as an indefinitely large 
 number, Ps.3:7. 91:7. Deut. 33:17. 
 
 ^D'n io cover., to overspread. Pro v. 7: 
 le'. Deriv. D"'ia'i?2. 
 
 1X2r\ , fut. apoc. ni*; and n'l^ 
 
 T T 
 
 1. to be or become many or numer- 
 ous., to increase. Gen. 1: 22, 28. 9: 1, 
 7. Ex. 1: 20. 
 
 2. to be great., Gen. 43 : 34. Job 
 33 : 12. to become great^ to grow., 
 Deut. 30: 16. Gen. 21: 20 nil -"n^T 
 
 creased (thy wealth) by their price, 
 1. e. thou hast sold them for nothing. 
 
 2. to nourish., to bring up. Ezek. 
 19: 2. Lam. 2:22. 
 
 Hiph. n::'^'n , fut. Sn?.")! , apoc. 
 ill;;, imper. apoc. Sitl, infin. absol. 
 ^:l'^^ and t^^l^i (the latter used as 
 an adv.) infin. const, rnzin, 
 
 1. to make numerous., to increase. 
 Gen. 3: 16. Prov. 22: 16 nb nisnn 
 to increase for himself {riches.,) i. e. 
 to enrich himself Comp. Ps. 44: 13. 
 Construed with ^, Hos. 10: 1. 
 
 2. to make great., enlarge. 1 Chr. 
 4: 10. Job 34:37 and he maketh great 
 his words against God., i. e. he ut- 
 tereth arrogant speeches, (see 11 in 
 Chald.) 
 
 3. to have much or many. 1 Chr. 
 7:4. 4:27. 8:40. 23: 11. Lev. 11: 
 42. 
 
 4. to give much. Ex. 30:15. An- 
 tith. u2^5;^n. 
 
 5. joined with an infin. with and 
 without b, it forms a periphrasis for 
 the adv. much. 1 Sam. 1: 12 nnsilrr 
 bV.2r)Jir she prayed much. Ex. 36: 5. 
 Ps. 7*8: 38. Am. 4: 4. Also when fol- 
 lowed by a finite verb, as 1 Sam. 2: 
 3. Infin. absol. rt^,']7l used as an 
 adv. much, (liter, making much,) Ecc. 
 5:11. 2 Sam. 1 : 4. rarely ni2in 
 Prov. 25 : 27. INIO Jiairi very 
 much, Neh. 2: 2. 3: 33. [4: 1.] Al- 
 so with substantives, 2 Sam. 8 : 8 
 liAJ2 ^laiSi nvna very much brass. 
 12: 2. 1 K.5:9. [4:29.] Gen. 15: 1 
 iii12 na^n "rplDipthy reward shall be 
 very much, i. e. very great. Also join- 
 ed with the plural, IK. 10 : 11. 
 t^Sltjb in abundance, Neh. 5: 18. 
 nisin also used as a subst. multi* 
 tude. Am. 4: 9. 
 
 Deriv. out of course Siaiij ^ 
 n-ai^, nnsin, n^ain. 
 
 n-^p. and he became, as he grew up, ^-^-^ c^ald. to be or become great, 
 
 an archer. Vu\g.foctusqueestjuvenis I^' . 
 
 Sagittarius, uan. 4. , ly. l^- 11, ^^.J 
 
 Pi. n-l 1. to make numerous, to ^ ^^- ^^ ^^^e great, to exalt. Dan. 
 
 T 2: 48. 
 increase. Judg. 9: 29. Ps. 44 : 13 fi^b 
 
 Crr^lTiTss r)''2^ thou hast not in- HSI liter, a chief city, comp. the 
 
^:n 592 Y^^ 
 
 Syr. IW5. Hence the proper name ? K. 23 : 33 25: 6. Jer 39: 5. 52: 
 
 ^ . /. 10. 1 he Babylonians m their irrup- 
 
 UO of the metropolis of the Am- tions into Palestine, were wont to 
 
 monites ; called in full ]1725? ^zz nzn, pass by Riblah and Hamath. 
 
 Deut. 3:11. also simply tiz^, 2 Sam. f >,.>-,>^ i ^-^ ^ r n\. i 
 
 U : 1. 12: 27. (2.) of the' metropo- ^- ^^-1 '''' ^^l * 'te*^^ a Chal- 
 
 lis of the Moabites, otherwise called daic commutation of :f and it. See 
 
 n^ and ^^173^:^, Josh. 13: 25. S^in no. I. 
 
 ^3n and N^ISn f. (for nizn, by cast- /' .\l '"^^^"'^ ^" f ""f^^ ^i>f t^"" 
 ' : ' . ,^^ ' -^ ed with an accus. Lev. 18 : 23. 20: 
 
 ing offn, Syr. ai:i9 ,) ten thousand, 16. 
 
 a myriad, i. q. flii-^, but found on- ^^''f^\ ^ ^'^ '''^^^^' ^^ S'""^'"-' 
 ly in the later writers. Ezra 2 : 64. rr -^-^ . r , c 
 
 1 Chr. 29: 7. Plur. niNZ-) Dan. 11: " ""^l '" ''"""= '^' '^ denom. from 
 12. * ^'l")i5 four ; as the part. pass. V^^^ 
 
 *)21 Chald. idem. Plur. "JTi^., (Syr. four-cornered, four-square, Ex. 27: 
 
 "^r^'^- \ Tz -^^w J 1- 28: 16. part. Pu. 'JZ'M2 idem, 
 
 ^QO ', ,) m Ken ISi^ , myriads. ^ -^ * 
 
 Ti n- in ^ 1 K. 7: 31. 
 
 h^M A^i 11 1 ^^ I. 5^3*^ m. with suff.'^j?:^^, verbal from 
 
 ^ID^ Chald. emph. Nmi^, greatness. - ' ' 
 
 Dan. 4: 19, 33. [4: ^, 36.] 5: 18. |,f, ^^; Y''' ^''^ '' " '^/"^ '^^- 
 
 niS"l f. i. q. ^2-1 ^en thousand, a H, y^'l (denom. from ^s^lN four,) 
 
 myriad. Neh. 7 : 71. Dual D'^nisn dec. VI. i. 
 
 two myriads, Ps. 68: 18. ' 1. a fourth part. Ex. 29: 40. 
 
 ^^2'^21 masc. plur. verbal from ii^, 2. a side, quarter, so called from 
 
 ,* ' * ^ . n J r 1/ their number. Ezek. 1:8, 17. 43: 
 
 showers oj rain, so called irom the . 
 
 multitude of drops. Deut. 32: 2. Arab. ._ * , _ 
 
 - . 1. 5;2n m- denom. from yn'iwN, a 
 
 ^-^rT ^S'"^ copiosa. - ' 
 
 ^^n-J m. dec. III. a. Ezek. 16:11. Gen. j.^^^^,^j^ ^^^^ 2 ^ g^ 25 ^,^1^ j3j> 
 
 41: 42. a chain, necklace. Root '1131 it^em. 
 
 here prob. i. q. t:n-i lajp ^^^^a^'^"^^ H. 5? 3^ m. a multitude of people. 
 
 revinxit. 5o > 
 
 '^^''3'^, fem. n"^-, (denom. adj. from Num. 23: 10. (Arab. ^J^ ccetus, ca- 
 
 \.,^ '...-.-. V* -r \ ^i. r /L ^^^ terva hominum.) Others : concubitus, 
 5?^n, i'2*\M jour,) the fourth. ^23 / . ^ t o \ u ^^ a / 
 
 - :' - ;- c/ V -' .. : ^see y^-^ no. I. 2.) hence soboles. 
 
 D''3'"^2~\ the children of the fourth, i.e. i_.^- " "^ , , r ..*.w% 
 
 -. J J ? Q^J?^^ masc. plur. denom. from yz^J^, 
 of the fourth generation, 2 K. 10:30. i ^ , "tA 
 15: 12. Fem. n^:^^n-^ also a fourth posterity m the fourth generation. Ex. 
 
 part, Ex. 29: 40. * * ^^' ^' ^^^'' ^' , , . 
 
 ^-^hn'n . ^1 ,, .7 V^^l^fut. V"2^^Arab. ^^p. 
 
 V^3^, fem. N^^-^n^, Chald. idem. 1 - -' ' " ^ . , ^^ 
 
 * * Tx . : j^ strictly ^0 lie for repose on the 
 Dan. 2: 40. 7: 23. treasf ^ui^/i the forefeet stretched out ; 
 
 *T\2r^ to intermix, to mingle with a li- spoken of quadrupeds, as the lion, 
 
 " quid. Found only in the part. Hoph. dog, etc Gen. 29:_2. 49: 9, 14 . Is. 
 
 Lev. 6: 14. [6 : 21.] 7: 12. 1 Chr. 1^^^' ^iso m an inchoative sense, 
 
 23.09 Num. 22:27. 
 
 ^r ^ -T /. .. .1 2. used metaphorically of men in 
 
 n^np proper name of a city on the ^ peaceful state. Job 11: 19. 17: 2. 
 
 northern boundary of Palestine, in of waters, Gen. 49: 25. f a curse, 
 
 the province, of D7:n. Num. 34: 11. Deut. 29: 19. 
 
wn 
 
 593 
 
 h-i 
 
 Hi ph. 1. to cause to lie down or 
 rest^ e. g". a flock. Cant. 1: 7. Ezek. 
 34: 15. Is. 13: 20. 
 
 2. to lay (stones in cement.) Is. 
 54: 11. 
 
 Deriv.out of course ys 'iXj, y 2^^. 
 
 yil") na. verbal from yn*^, dec. VI. g. 
 
 1. a place of lying down, (for 
 animals.) Is. 65: 10. 
 
 2. a place of resting, (for men.) 
 Prov. 24: 15. 
 
 rijPD'l Rebekah, the wife of Isaac. 
 
 Gen. 22 : 23. 24 : 15 if. (Root pi^ 
 to feed, to fatten.) 
 D'lq'n see nn Chald. 
 
 'jDID^ m. Chald. a noble. Ban. 5: 1. 
 
 ^51 or ^^"^^ m. dec. VI. g. a lump or 
 
 clod of earth. Job 38: 38. 21: 33 the 
 clods of the valley lie softly upon him, 
 est ei terra levis. 
 '^y^^ fut. 1^'^\ 1. to quake, tremble. Ps. 
 
 4: 5. Is. 32: 10, 11. Construed with 
 ''iSTa before any thing", Deut. 2 : 25. 
 Is. 64: 2. Spoken also of inanimate 
 nature, Joel 2: 10. Is. 5: 25. Ps. 18: 
 8. of a quaking for joy, Jer. 33: 9. 
 Mic. 7: 17 Dn*'niao?2^ Jinn^ they 
 tremble out (f their prisons, i. e. they 
 flee trembling out of their prisons. 
 
 2. to be thrown into commotion, Is. 
 14: 9. to be disquieted, 2 Sam. 7: 10. 
 
 3. to be moved ; with grief, 2 Sam. 
 19: 1. [18: 33.] with anger, hence 
 to be angry, Prov. 29: 9. Is. 28: 21. 
 
 4. to rage, construed with b. Ezek. 
 16: 43. See Hithpa. 
 
 Hiph. 1. to make to tremble, to 
 shake. Is. 14: 16. 23: 11. E. g. inan- 
 imate nature. Is. 13: 13. Job 9: 6. 
 
 2. to disquiet 1 Sam. 28: 15. Con- 
 strued with b, Jer. 50: 34. 
 
 3. to provoke, to excite to anger. 
 Job 12: 6. See Kal no. 3. 
 
 Hithpa. to rage against a person, 
 construed with bij. Is. 37: 28, 29. 
 *rO Chald. to be angry. 
 
 Aph. to excite to anger. Ezra 5: 12. 
 ^5^ Chald. anger, Dan. 3: 13. 
 
 75 
 
 T^'l m. verbal from t^^, trembling. 
 
 ^Deut. 28: 65. 
 T)\n m. verbal from ti'i, dec. VI. p. 
 
 1. disquiet, trouble. Job 3: 26. 14: 
 1. Is. 14: 3. 
 
 2. a raging. Job 3: 17. Spoken 
 of a horse, Job 39: 24. of thunder, 
 Job 37: 2. 
 
 3. anger. Hab. 3: 2. 
 
 JITjI f verbal from t^'^, a quaking^ 
 
 trembling. Ezek. 12: 18. 
 p^"^ denom. from bJi">., to run about^ 
 
 and that as a tale-bearer and as a 
 spy. Hence in Kal to calumniate, Psi 
 15: 3. 
 
 Pi. 1. i. q. Kal, to calumniate, con- 
 strued with 2. Once 2 Sam. 19: 28. 
 
 2. to spy out, construed with an 
 accus. Josh. 14: 7. Judg. 18: 2, 14, 
 17. 2 Sam. 10: 3. Part. b-H^ ^PV^ 
 Gen. 42 : 9 if. Josh. 6 : 22. 'Comp. 
 
 pji"^ com. gen. (more frequently fem.) 
 
 with sufi". "^b^^, prim. dec. VI. a. 
 
 1. thefoot.'ls.l: 6. 3: 16. 3 "b^^S 
 at the foot or in the track of any onci 
 i. e. behind or after him, Ex. 11: 8- 
 Judg. 4: 10. 5: 15. 8: 5. 1 Sam. 15: 
 17. 25: 27. More rarely b^.lb Gen. 
 30: 30. and '^.^^ Hab. 3: 5.' (An- 
 tith. I^^sb.) ISa'm. 25: 42. Job 13: 
 11. b^.^in Hj^UJn Deut. 11 : 10. to 
 water with the foot, i. e. by the help 
 of a machine which was trodden by 
 the feet, and which is used in 
 Egypt at the present day for the 
 watering of gardens. 5ee Philo de 
 Confusione Linguar. T. III. p. 330. 
 and Niebuhr-s Reisebeschreibung, 
 Th. I. p. 149. 
 
 2. metaphorically a step, pace. 
 Gen. 33: 14 niDwSbTan b^."\b according 
 to the pace of the cattle, i. e. accord- 
 ing as they can go. 
 
 Dual d'jb^'n, also used in a plural 
 sense Lev. il: 23, 42. 
 
 Plur. Q'^b^") times, Lat. vices, (like 
 
'^1 
 
 594 
 
 t ^ I 
 
 b^ri'S liter, steps.) Ex. 23 : 14. 
 Nurn."'22: 28, 32, 33. 
 
 Deriv. bd"^, bann, "^b^Jl. 
 
 5?;^^ and '^,^1 Chald. a /ooj;. Dual 
 
 r^^l? ^"P^- ^^^^^1 Dan. 2; 41. 
 7* : 7." 
 Vll"5 m. denom. from b^.^., a footman ; 
 
 but only in a military sense, a foot 
 soldier, Ex. 12 : 37. Num. 11 : 21. 
 Plur. DVi Jer. 12: 5. 
 CjI"^ ^0 stone,^ i. q. "rjiO ; construed 
 
 (1.) with an accus. of the person. 
 Lev. 24: 14. for the most part with 
 
 the derivatives 515^)3, n^5i'i:g,55^. 
 
 2. trans, to cause to rest^ to give 
 rest. Jer. 31: 2. 50: 34. 
 
 3. as in Arabic, to restore. (Arab. 
 :^p to turn back; conj. VIII. to 
 
 bring back., to restore.) Is. 51: 4 ''tSE'^pn 
 ^'^i\")N d'^735 ni^^b my law will I re- 
 store for a light to the nations. 
 
 4. denom. from 3?^";, to pass a mo 
 meni, to do in a moment. Jer. 49: 19 
 r!::i:''-|>N!. ni;\n'n.\ ^^,for I will in a 
 moment make him run away. 50 : 44. 
 Prov. 12: 19 n^\n^N-"l? till I can 
 pass a moment., i. e. for a moment. 
 
 the addition of ^ns^.z Lev. 20: 2, 27. 5..^ ^ ^^^^,^^ ^^^^ 3^.,^^ ^^^ y ^ 
 
 t]-^:nfi<2 Num. 14: 10. or ni^. Lev. 
 
 living quietly. Ps. 35: 20. See the 
 verb in Hiph. no. 1. 
 
 24 : 23. (2.) with z of the person. 
 
 Lev. 24:16. and the "addition of "jnN, _,._^ , 1 /. i ttt 
 
 1 K. 12: 18. Liter, to throw stones at -ei ^^^. ^' v^^^^^ ^^"^ ^'^^^ ^ec. VI. a 
 person. (3.) with h^ of the person, moment. (Perhaps liter, a moving^ 
 
 Ezek. 23: 47 ]^M, ^T^^^}] ^^^"i^ ^-^^^V 
 shall throw stones at them. In Arab. 
 idem,. The kindred DDn signifies to 
 heap up in any way. Hence in He- 
 brew 
 
 In'nji'n ^* verbal from D^^, dec. X. a 
 crowd, press,, band. Ps. 68: 28. 
 
 pi in Kal Is. 29 : 24. and in Niph. 
 
 stirring, from ^'Al no. 2. like momen- 
 tum for movimentum.) Ex. 33: 5. Is. 
 54: 7. Then as an adv. ^^n Job 
 34: 20. i^^ns Job 21: 13. and y^^^S 
 Ps. 73: 19. Lam. 4: 6. in a mome?it, 
 suddenly. y^n C2y72S idem, Is. 26 : 
 
 20. Ezra 9 : 8. D'^n^b (l.) every 
 moment., repeatedly. Job 7:18. Is. 
 27: 3. (2.) suddenly. Ezek. 26: 16. 
 rs. luo: zo. w murmur ^ .^ ^^ <mwta^e, spoken of 
 
 re6e/, to be refractory, construed with - .; ^ ' 
 
 Deut. 1: 27. Ps. 106: 25. to mxirmur, 
 rebel, to be refracto 
 2 against a person 
 
 5?^"^ 1. to rest. 
 
 nations. Ps. 2: 1. (In the Targums 
 
 T ^ n a -.-> .**; used for the Heb. ?l73n.) 
 Job 7: 5 >^^ ^^1" . _. . . . 7 ' ' 
 
 together in a tumidt. Dan. 6: 7, 1 2, 
 16. 
 
 u3"l i' <! Heb. Aph. idem, also <o run 
 DN72*2 wy ^/cin r5f5, i. e. closes up, 
 
 is sound, and breaks out anew. See 
 
 Hiph. no. 1. (In Ethiop. :^'^'\ to con- . , r 1 
 
 tract, curdle; comp. ^*Dp^. Hence "J3^"). m- ^3. 55: 15. and JT^:;-^ f. dec. 
 
 the Syriac version : cutis contracta X. Ps. 64 : 3. verbals from '^t^, 
 est.) bustling multitude, a multitude gen- 
 
 2. to stir up ; occurring three times erally. 
 in the phrase ')'>\^ ^"^^Ti-ll 2^?j :^l'l 111 to spread out, to stretch on the 
 he stirreth up the sea, and its waves ground, to subject, sternere, e. g. na- 
 
 Toar, Is. 51 : 15. (Sept. TUQaaaMv 
 Vulg. conturbo. Chald. increpans.) 
 Jer. 31: 35. Job 26: 12. (This sig- 
 nification appears to be the opposite 
 of no. 1. comp. "^5^) 
 
 Niph. to rest, spoken of the sword. 
 Jer. 47: 6. t j-i-f*^ r . _^ 
 
 Hiph. 1. to have rest, to dwell qui- *' '^l J' '"'^- ^P^^ - . 
 etly. Deut. 28:65. Is. 34: 14. Comp. 1. to tread (with the feet,) e.g. 
 
 tions. Ps. 144: 2. Is. 45: 1, (where 
 the infin. Tn is used for 11.) Comp. 
 the kindred verb ?Tin. 
 
 Hiph. to spread out, hence to over- 
 lay with metal spread out. 1 K. 6: 32. 
 
 Deriv. ^"'11. 
 
ten 
 
 595 
 
 nnn 
 
 the wine-press. Joel 4: 13. [3: 13.] 
 Construed with a upon a person, Ps. 
 49: 15. with an accus. Is. 14: 6. 
 
 2. to suhjvgate^ rule ; construed 
 with 2, Gen. 1 : 28. Lev. 26 : 17. 
 with an accus. Ezek. 34: 4. Ps. 68: 
 28. also without cases, Num. 24: 19. 
 1 K. 4: 24, Lam. 1:13 from above 
 he sendeth fire into my bones, and it 
 {the fire) ruleth therein. 
 
 Pi. whence the fut. apoc. "Ti"^ 
 Judg. 5:13 (twice) he maketh to rule '; 
 but it is highly probable that the 
 true punctuation in both cases is in^ 
 descendit. 
 
 Hiph. to cause to rule. Is. 41: 2. 
 II. tl'll to take, to take away, in ref- 
 
 erence to the gathering of honey. 
 Judg. 14: 9. Sept. iu'ds. Vulg. 
 sumpsit. Chald. HDS avulsit. Accord- 
 ing to the Rabbins, divellere id quod 
 cohceret, e. g. one loaf of bread from 
 another. 
 
 *T^'T1 m. verbal from ^l*^, dec. III. 
 
 a. a large thin upper garment, worn 
 by women and thrown over their 
 other clothes when they went out. 
 Is. 3: 23. Cant. 5: 7. (in Chald. and 
 Syr. idem.) 
 d"l found only in the Niph. d'3'13. 
 
 1. to lie in a deep sleep. Prov. 10: 
 
 5. Jon. 1:5, 6. 
 
 5. to sink down stupified or sense- 
 less. Dan. 8:18. 10 : 9. Ps. 76 : 7. 
 Comp. Judg. 4: 21. 
 
 Deriv. r.^^.^n. 
 a-^Dln 1 Chr.' 1:"'7. see D^'Sl^ 
 
 a^"^, fut. ?li'^^ 1. to run or follow 
 
 after] construed with an accus. Ps.23: 
 
 6. with "^nriN, Judg.3:28 *'int? ^S^n 
 follow after me. Metaphorically to 
 follow after righteousness, Prov. 21: 
 
 21. peace, Ps. 34: 15. the wind, Hos. 
 12: 2. 
 
 2. to pursue, persecute ; without 
 cases. Gen. 14 : 14. with an accus. 
 verse 15. with "^nnfi^ , Gen. 35: 5. 
 Ex. 14:4. with \, Job 19 : 28. with 
 i'J^, Judg. 7: 25. * 
 
 3. to cJiase, to put to flight. Lev. 
 26: 36. 
 
 Niph. pass, of Kal. Lam. 5: 5. 
 
 Part. I^^^a Ecc. 3 : 15. prob. that 
 which is past, liter, that which has 
 escaped. 
 
 Pi. i. q. Kal, but only in poetry. 
 
 1 . to run after a person or thing. 
 Prov. 12:11. 28: 19. E.g. right- 
 eousness, Prov. 15: 9. Prov. 19:7 
 he runs after words, i. e. relies upon 
 them. 
 
 2. to pursue, persecute. Nah. 1: 8. 
 Prov. 13: 21. 
 
 Pu. pass. Is. 17: 13. 
 
 Hiph. i. q. Kal, to persecute. Judg. 
 20: 43. 
 
 Deriv. Pl"^"!^. 
 Dill 1. to urge, press upon, attack. 
 Prov. 6: 3 "ti^^;^. nri^ urge thy friend. 
 Is. 3: 5 'JP.T2 l^irj ^Ifin"; the young 
 man crowds or presses the old man, 
 Parall. i::^: to press.{[n Aram, to rage.) 
 
 2. perhaps to fear, (like the Arab. 
 
 intrans. ^-^^f.) So Is. 60: 5, ac- 
 cording to several MSS. where it 
 stands with ^liD. The usual reading 
 
 is nnn. 
 
 Hiph. 1 . to disconcert or embarrass. 
 Cant. 6: 5. 
 
 2. to strengthen. Ps. 138: 3. 
 
 Din*) m. verbal from in^, dec. VL c. 
 
 1. rage, insolence, pride. Job 9: 13 
 isn*^ "^"yi'y the proud helpers. Spoken 
 of the sea. Job 26: 12. 
 
 2. a poetical name of Egypt. Is. 
 30:7. 51:9. Ps. 87:4. 89: 11. In the 
 first passage there is an allusion to 
 the significancy of the name in He- 
 brew. But this furnishes no proof of 
 its Hebrew origin ; although no 
 plausible Egyptian derivation has 
 yet been suggested. See Jablonskii 
 Opusc. ed. te Water, T. I. p. 228. 
 
 Dni ni. verbal from iJin, dec. IV. a, 
 
 proud, haughty. Ps. 40: 5. 
 inn ^' verbal from liti^, dec. VI. p 
 
 pride ; and by a metonymy, the oh' 
 ject of pride. ?s. 90: 10. 
 nnn to be afraid, i. q. the parallel 
 ntiD, found only Is. 44: 8. So in the 
 ancient versions, except the Sept. 
 
mn 
 
 596 
 
 mn 
 
 Also to water a 
 
 31:25. Lam. 3:15. 
 field, Is. 55: 10. 
 
 2. to satisfy with fat, (as in Ps. 
 36:9. Jer. 31: 14.) Is. 43: 24. 
 
 iJln'n m. dec. VI. c. 1. a watering-trough 
 
 for cattle. Gen. 30: 38, 41. Ex. 2: 16. 
 2. 'pluT.turns^windings^ hence prob. 
 braided locks. Cant 1: 6. Root Aram. iw^ i i i- z' i tv 
 
 t)n-l to run, i. q. Heb. "J^n, (see the ^H '^' .""^"^^^ ^^-J- ^^"^^n.dec. IX. 
 letter n.) b. satisfied with drink^ drunken. 
 
 D'^D^H"! masc^luT. a ceiled or arched Deut. 29:18. Hence well watered, 
 ' '-" r^ ^ -, -inrr - ^T 1 1 spoken of a garden. Is. 58: 11. 
 coruermsc. Cant. 1: 17 Ken. Vulg-. to- ^.w^ ^ , , ^ ^^^ , , 
 
 is derived ^TT^, ^' verbal from n^^^, abundance 
 
 of drink, plenty of water. Ps. 66: 12 
 
 quearia. This signification is derived 
 
 from urr'n no. 1. comp. (fdzpwf^ia 
 
 from cfaxvr} a crib. 
 ^"^i Chald. form, appearance. Dan. 3: 
 
 25. Root Heb. TiHC^ to see. 
 D'^-) see n^-). 
 ^T^ ^0 wander, rove, (in Arab. <o ruTi 
 
 about, to search round.) Jer. 2 : 31. 
 
 Hos.l2:l [11:12] JriN; a:^"^'! ^i> tT^^^^: 
 
 Judah wanders still from God ; C:? 
 being used here for D:?^. ; comp. 
 
 Hiph. 1. to wander about, spoken 
 of an afilicted person or mourner. 
 Ps. 55: 3. Synonymous with D'^n. 
 
 2. to desire, seek, to strive to accom- 
 plish. (Arab, idem.) Gen. 27 : 40 
 T'ln T*2JM3 when thou shalt seek to 
 
 T V -; - 
 
 ejff^ect it. 
 
 Deriv.D'^'l^'n^. 
 n*l*l 1- to be abundantly supplied with 
 
 drink, to drink to satiety, like i''iip to 
 eat to satiety, (in Aram, yet stronger, 
 to become drunk.) It is construed, like 
 all verbs o^ fulness, with an accus. 
 or with "J^ of that with which a 
 person is satisfied, Jer. 46: 10. 
 
 2. to enjoy or to take pleasure in 
 any thing. Ps. 36 : 9. Pro v. 7:18 
 iD'^yi ^l'^3 we will take our fill of 
 love. 
 
 Pi. 1. intrans. as in Kal, to be sat- 
 isfied with drink. Is. 34: 5, 7. 
 
 2. trans, to water, wet, moisten, e.g. 
 fields. Ps. 65 : 11. Construed with 
 two accus. Is. 16 : 9 '^ns'12'^ 1[i'^"iN* / 
 will water thee with my tears. (The 
 form ^^.^'II^. is transposed for ^T.^t!^,-) 
 
 3. to satisfy, refresh, construed 
 with two accus. Jer. 31: 14. Prov. 5: 
 
 i9. 
 
 Hiph. 1. to satiate with drink. Jer. 
 
 Ps. 23: 5 rfl") '^oi'Dmy cup is abund- 
 ance, 1. e. always full. 
 
 n^"] Hiph. ri"'-)n to smell. See H"^^. 
 
 n^n com. gen. (comp. 1 K. 19: 11.) 
 
 dec. I. 
 
 1. wind, air in motion. Gen. 8: 1. 
 Job 1 : 19. nin^'^ 3??"lfi^ the four 
 winds, hence also the four quarters of 
 heaven, Ezek. 37: 9. 42 : 20. 1 Chr. 
 9:24. nn"n "^2:5 the wings of the 
 wind, Ps. 18 : ll.-r:irj^ n^"\ a wind 
 of God, Is. 40:1. 59-15. (Also Gen. 
 1 : 2. according to some, but errone- 
 ously.) 2K.2:16. IK. 18:12. Ezek. 
 3: 14. 11:24. ni^'TJ n^n Gen. 3: 8. 
 the windy or cool part of the day, i.e. 
 the evening, since in the east a 
 refreshing breeze is wont to arise 
 some hours before sunset. Comp. 
 Cant. 2:17. 4:6. 
 
 2. a breathing or exhalation, a 
 breath. Job 7: 7. ns n^n a breath 
 of the mouth (of Jehovah,) i. e. his 
 creative power, Ps.33:6. -Hence in- 
 dicative of frailty, vanity, Job 15: 2 
 nni n^'l vain knowledge. 16 : 3. 
 ni^b in, vain, Ecc. 5: 1 5.-Also the vi- 
 tal and animal breath in men and an- 
 imals, Job 17: 1. 19: 17. D^^n H^n 
 the breath of life. Gen. 6:17. 7: 15, 
 22. 
 
 1. a smiling (of the nose.) Job 
 4: 9. Hence anger, Judg. 8:3. Is. 25: 
 4. Zech.6: 8. 
 
 4. the aiiima or animal soul, the vi- 
 tal principle of animals which was 
 placed by the ancients in the breath, 
 the spirit, life, i.q. t^Z. 1 Sam.30:12. 
 
 Judg. 15: 19. 1 K. 10: 5 nain^rj^":^! 
 
 Hi ^ lb then there zcas no more life 
 in hen i. e. she was beside herself. 
 
nn 
 
 597 
 
 dn 
 
 i:cc.3:21. 8:8. 12:7. Ezek. 37: 8. 
 Inasmuch as this spirit was consid- 
 ered as coming immediately from 
 God, (Ecc. 12:7.) it is called nnn 
 ^^V^, Job 27 : 3. comp. Num. 16 : 
 22. Metaphorically a (miraculous) 
 principle of life^ in things otherwise 
 inanimate, Ezek. 10: 17. Zech. 5: 9. 
 
 6. the animus or rational soul^ the 
 mind., intellect^ spirit. Gen. 41 : 8 
 inn*1 Di!2nT and his mind was dis- 
 quieted. inNDw tll'n a dejected mind^ 
 Prov. 17: 22." 18 : 14. Hence ^Tl'^, 
 72^"^ sorrowful of spirit; tim riSil 
 proud of spirit^ etc. Metaphorically 
 a disposition^ inclination ; e. g. to 
 jealousy, Num. 5: 14. to fornication, 
 Hos. 4: 12. to justice. Is. 28 : 6. to 
 discord, Judg. 9 : 23. generally, 
 Ezek. 1:12. Also courage.. Josh. 2: 
 11. 5:1. 
 
 6. DTirN n^^ or nin;* nn^ the 
 spirit of God or Jehovah^ more 
 rai'ely, by way of eminence, ninn, 
 Jl^"), the spirit., (Num. 27: 18. Hos. 
 9:7.) orv:;'!,'^ nnn his {God'^s) holy 
 spirit^ (Ps. 51: 13. Is. 63 : 10, 11.) 
 By this name is denoted the life-giv- 
 ing breath or power of God in men 
 and animals. Job 27 : 3. 33 : 4. Ps. 
 104:30. Gen. 6: 3. which operates 
 also through inanimate nature. Job 
 26: 13. which moved over the cha- 
 otic mass at the creation. Gen. 1: 3. 
 and produces whatever is noble 
 and good in man, by making him 
 wise. Job 32: 8. by leading him to 
 virtue, Ps. 51 : 13. and by guiding 
 him generally. Hag. 2 : 5. Ps. 143: 
 10. Neh. 9: 20. But it is especial- 
 ly applied to extraordinary powers 
 and gifts ; e. g. of the artiticer, Ex. 
 31:3. 35:31. of the warrior, Judg. 
 3:10. 6:34. 11:29. 13 : 25. of the 
 ruler. Is. 11 : 1 ff. of the prophet, 
 Num.24: 2. 1 Sam. 10: 6, 10. 
 19 : 20, 23. of the interpreter of 
 dreams, Gen. 41 : 38. Hence ^"^^N 
 nn^in a prophet., Hos. 9:7. and n^"^ri 
 1 K. 22: 21. 2 Chr. 18: 20. the spirit 
 of the prophets or the power 
 ,tvhich inspires ihem^ (personified.) 
 This spirit David acquires at his 
 
 anointing, 1 Sam. 16:13. It departs 
 from Saul, 1 Sam. 16 : 14. That of 
 Elijah rests on Elisha, 2 K. 2: 15. A 
 part of the spirit of Moses is trans- 
 ferred to the 70 elders, Num 11 : 
 17. It is promised to all men in the 
 golden age, Joel 3: 1. [2: 28.) Is. 44: 
 3. 59:21. In this sense of divine 
 power., it is sometimes opposed to 
 *! '^z flesh or human power., as Is. 31: 
 3 nnn NpT n'i:2 D-'^D^D their horses 
 are flesh and not spirit^ i. e. some- 
 thing earthly, and not any thing di- 
 vine. Zech. 4: 6. 
 
 7. In such passages as Job 6 : 4. 
 Is. 30: 1. Ps. 139: 7. it may be re- 
 garded, like -rs:, as a mere peri- 
 phrasis of the pereonal pronoun. 
 
 m') Chald. 1. wind. Dan. 7:2. 
 2. a spirit. Dan. 4: 5. [4: 8.] 
 
 ni"! to be ov become zvide. Used im- 
 pers. "'r'ni'l'; I find room, I am re- 
 lieved, Job 32 : 20. 1 Sam. 16 : 23. 
 Antith. -"'p n::^. 
 
 Pu. n^*;^^ wide, spacious. Jer. 22: 
 14. 
 
 nin in verbal from ni^n. 
 
 1. width, space. Gen. 32:17. 
 
 2. relief enlargement. Est. 4: 14. 
 iimi f- verbal from nil, dec. X. re- 
 
 /i^/.*Ex. 8:11. [8:15.] Lam.3:56. 
 n^l, fut. Q^-(^, apoc. nn;, with Vav 
 convers. D'^^\ 
 
 1 . to be lijted up, exalted, elevated. 
 Gen. 7: 17. Job 22 : 12.::^. D"J the 
 heart is If ted up (with pride,) Deut. 
 8: 14. 17: 20, So D^:"':^: ^72^ the eyes 
 are lifted up (with pride,) Prov. 30: 
 13. Construed with bv, to be exalted 
 (in triumph) over a person, Ps. 13: 3. 
 Also to grow up, once Ex. 1 6 : 20 
 D''^'bin D"l""2 ^^ there grew up 
 worms. (By this unusual punctua- 
 tion, instead of Dn'*'), the authours 
 
 ' TIT-' 
 
 of the vowel points meant perhaps 
 to derive the word from 'Qi2~\, a de- 
 nom. from n72"} a worm.) Also to be 
 raised or built, spoken of a way, 
 (comp. bbC,) Is. 49: 11. to be exalt- 
 ed OT praised, spoken of God, Ps. 18: 
 
5211 
 
 598 
 
 m 
 
 47. 46: 11. Mic. 5: 9 thy hand is ex- 
 alted over thine enemies. Hence to be 
 mighty^ victorious^ to prevail^ Ps. 140: 
 9. Num. 24 : 7. particularly with ^^, 
 Deut. 32: 27. 
 
 2. to he retnoic or distant from do- 
 ing a thing-, construed with an infin. 
 Is. 30: 18. Comp. D1173 no. 3. 
 
 Part, d"!, fem. J^^^. 1. high^ex- 
 alted^ lifted up. ^'2'T[ "1^2 with a 
 high hand^i.e. publicly, triumphantly, 
 proudly, Ex. 14: 8. Num. 33 : 3. also 
 presumptuously^ wickedly^ Num. 1 5 : 
 30. In a different sense Is. 26 : 1 1 
 ':i*l'^ n^jH thy hand was lifted up^ (to 
 inflict punishment.) Plur. D""?:?^ the 
 heights of heaven^ Ps. 78: 69. 
 
 2. great of stature, longus. Deut. 
 1:28. 2:10,21. 
 
 3. mighty. Deut. 1 : 28. Spoken 
 of 1-' the hand, Deut. 32: 27. 
 
 4. loud, spoken of the voice, (like 
 altu^.) Deut. 27: 14. 
 
 5. proud. Job 21 : 22. \=:'Z^^, 
 ni73"^ proud eyes, Ps. 18: 28. 
 
 6. difficult to he comprehended, 
 arduus intellectu. Prov. 24 : 7, 
 where it is written ni735^'n after 
 the Arabic form. Comp ^^^. 
 
 Niph. see under tj^i"^. 
 
 Pilel tZ37?.T"^ 1. to raise, to lift up. 
 1 Sam. 2; 7. Particularly (l.) to ex- 
 alt one that is low or oppressed. Ps. 
 37: 34. (2.) to place in safety, to make 
 secure. Ps. 27: 5. 18: 49. (3.) to ex- 
 alt, let conquer. Job 17: 4. 
 
 2. to raise up (a building.) Ezra 
 9:9. 
 
 3. to exalt, praise. Ps. 30: 2. 34: 4. 
 
 4. to cause to grow. Ezek. 31: 4. 
 
 5. to hring up, nourish, educate. 
 Is. 1 : 2. 23: 4. ^ 
 
 Pulal tza 7311 pass, to he exalted. 
 Ps. 75:11. 'PaTt.exalted, Neh. 9: 5. 
 
 Iliph. 1. to lift up; e. g. the 
 head, Ps. 3: 4. the hand, Ps. 89: 43. 
 the head or horn of a person, i. e. 
 to increase his strength, (see 11j^,) 
 Ps.75:5, 6. 148: 14. 
 
 2. to raise up, e. g. a banner, 
 a monument. Gen. 31. 45. Is. 62: 10. 
 
 3. to lift up ; e. g. the hand, con- 
 trued with 2 against a person, 1 K. 
 
 11: 27. or as the gesture of swearing, 
 Gen. 14 : 22. the voice. Gen. 39: is! 
 2 K. 19: 22. construed with z, 1 Chr. 
 15:16. 2 Chr. 5: 13 h'lp D'1"^ 
 n'lmiTI^nz when they lifted up their 
 voice with trumpets. EUiptically 1 
 Chr. 25 : 5 ]^Jl '^'"\^\ ad clangen- 
 dum tuba, h l:Tp tZl'i'in to call to a 
 person. Is. 13:2. Of the raising or 
 levying a tribute. Num. 31:28. 
 
 4. to bring (tribute or gifts to the 
 temple and to the priests, nTa^nn.) 
 Num. 15: 19,20. 31 : 52. Also gifts 
 or largesses to the people, Lat. vis- 
 cerationes, 2 Chr. 30: 24. 35: 79. 
 
 5. to bring as an offering on the 
 altar. Lev. 2: 9. 4:8. 
 
 6. to take away, like tollere. Ezek. 
 21:31. Is. 57: 15. 
 
 Hoph. pass, of no. 4. Ex. 29: 27. 
 of no. 6. Dan. 8: 11. 
 
 Hithpal. to exalt one^s selfprmidly. 
 Dan. 11: 36. Here belongs likewise 
 tZD'^i-iiS: Is. 33 : 10, for 0721 nnfi by 
 an assimilation of the n. 
 
 Deriv. out of course '^l2'^, t\M2^, 
 tzii-172, rT7::iin, n^7:i-in. 
 
 X^T^ Chald. idem. Peil Q-i to he lifted 
 up. Dan. 5: 20. 
 
 Pal. D72i"^ to exalt, praise. Dan. 
 4: 34. [4: 37.] 
 
 Aph. to lift up. Dan. 5: 19. 
 
 Ithpal. to lift one'^s self up. Dan. 5 : 
 
 23. 
 
 CmI m. verbal from Q 5) n,/?e%^^. Prov. 
 
 25: 3. Joined with D";:"^? Prov. 21 : 
 
 4. Is. 10: 12. and with S^, Jer. 48! 
 
 29. also without addition Is. 2: 11, 
 
 17. pride, arrogance. 
 D11 Chald. idem. Dan. 3: 1. 
 t31*) Hab. 3: 10. and i^73^-l Mic. 2: 
 
 3. verbals from CH, but used as an 
 
 adv. proudly, on high. 
 il'^'H name of a place, perhaps the 
 
 T 
 
 same which is otherwise called 
 ri73^-lN. 2 K. 23: 36. 
 
 D'Qin m. verbal from D^il, dec. II. b. 
 exaltation, praise. Ps. 66: 17. Plur. 
 fern. ni7:73i-n Ps. 149:6. 
 
;;?n 
 
 599 
 
 rriMII f- verbal from Dn*-), dec III. 
 
 b. a lifting up. Is. 33 : 3. Strictly 
 
 Syr. infin. Palel. 
 j^"^ J Arab, /^f n med. Je to conquer^ 
 
 to get the upper-hand ; in Kal not 
 used. The fut. ]^n^ pertains to "jr-Ti. 
 Hithpal. pass. Ps. 78: 65 11253 
 \'.m l.-.^"^n^^ ^* ^ mighty man over- 
 come by -wine. The same phrase oc- 
 curs in Arabic. In Heb. comp. i'ia 
 Niph. Dbn, ni^ no. 5. 
 I. ^1n found only in the pret. i>'i,and 
 the infin. 3?h, i. q. 2^)^ (whence the 
 fut.) 
 
 1. to be evil^ wicked. (l.) S^ 
 S 'j'^3';2 it is disagreeable to a per- 
 son, it displeases him. Num. 11: 10. 
 (2.) ^ "^3 "^3? f^yn to be envious or un- 
 kind to a person. Deut. 15: 9. 
 
 2. <o 6esad, joined with D'^2D. Ecc. 
 7: 3. 
 
 3. to be pernicious.) construed with 
 ^. 2 Sam. 19: 8. 
 
 Niph. fut. '^ii')\ 
 
 1. io degenerate, to become worse. 
 (Antith. to become wise.) Prov. 13 : 
 20. 
 
 2. to experience ill., to suffer injury 
 Prov. 11 : 15. (^'^ here is a noun 
 added merely to give intensity, like 
 r.nnn with n^n.) 
 
 Hiph. 5^n andynti (formed from 
 
 yin.) 
 
 1. to make evil., e. g-. one's doings. 
 Gen. 44; 5 r:n"'UJ?. n4:^J Dn>"in. lit- 
 er, ye have made evil what ye have 
 done., i. e. ye have done evil in so 
 doing. Jer. 38: 9. Hence with nnir?b 
 1 K. 14: 9. and with U^hb?^ Mic. 3: 
 4. to act ill. Hence 
 
 2. without addition, to act wicked- 
 ly, to sin. Is. 1: 16. Jer. 7: 26. Part. 
 ^1^.5 ?1^. ^^ evil-doer, Is. 1: 4. Ps. 
 37: 9. 
 
 3. to do or treat ill ; construed with 
 a dative of the person, Ex. 5: 23. 
 Num. 11: 11. with an accus. Num. 
 16: 15. with i^y, 1 K. 17: 20. with 2, 
 1 Chr. 16 : 22. with D3?, Gen. 31: 7. 
 Comp. the opposite term S''C3"^^l. 
 
 Hithpal. ??.Tnnin i. q. Niphi. no. 
 
 2. to experience ill, to stffer injury. 
 
 Prov. 18: 24 ^'^.TinJi^ CJSJn 6^S< a 
 man of many acquaintances shall suf- 
 fer injury thereby. 
 
 Deriv. i'->, :j?-i, ti^"^. 
 
 11. 5?T1 or >''^"1 ^'^ ^^^^ "^^^ nsadi. 
 
 Hiph. ^"^'Itl 1. to cry aloud. Job 
 30: 5. Particularly (l.) to rejoice^ 
 exult. Judg. 15: 14. 1 Sam. 10: 24. 
 Construed with a dative, Ps. 47: 2. 
 (2.) to lament. Mic. 4: 9. Is. 15: 4. 
 (3.) to shout for battle. Josh. 6: 16. 
 1 Sam. 17: 20. 
 
 2. to blozv (with a trumpet.) Num. 
 10: 9 ni-!::r':in3 tZ2ni:''-;>n then shall 
 ye blow with the trumpets. Joel 2: 1. 
 In Num. 10: 7, it is distinguished 
 from i*i2n, and made synonymous 
 with n^'^in Vpn to sound an alarm. 
 Num. 10: 5, 6. 
 
 Pul. ^'^1 to be celebrated with re- 
 joicing. Is. 16: 10. 
 
 Hithpal. to rejoice. Ps. 60: 10. 65l 
 14. 
 
 Deriv. ns^i^in. 
 
 T ; 
 
 q^lsee^rjiD-;. 
 
 YmI 1. to run. Prov. 18: 10 p^'l 13 
 he runneth to it (for protection.) Met- 
 aphorically Ps. 119: 32 / will run, 
 I. e. pursue with ardour, the way of' 
 thy commandments. Hab. 2: 2 so that 
 the reader may run, i. e. read fluent- 
 ly. Spoken of things without life, 
 Ps. 147: 15. 
 
 2. to rush upon., to assail ; con- 
 strued with !:w\ and i?^, Job 15: 26. 
 16: 14. with an accus. Ps. 18: 30. 
 Part. plur. IZI'':^! and ]"'iC-j (2 K. 
 
 11: 13.) runners, state-courier s,dimoTi^ 
 the Persians, who published the roy- 
 al edicts in the provinces. Est. 3: 
 13, 15. 8: 14. Among the Hebrews, 
 they made a part of the royal body- 
 guard under Saul, 1 Sam. 22: 17. 
 and the later kings, 2 K. 10:25. 11: 
 6 ff. and correspond probably to the 
 "^nbD under David. Comp. further 
 1 K.'l: 5. 14: 27. 2 Sam. 15: 1. 
 
 Pilel yssil i, q. Kal. Nah. 2: 5. 
 
 Hiph. to cause to run, to put to 
 Jiight. Jer. 49: 19. 50: 44. hence to 
 
ITI 
 
 600 
 
 sm 
 
 fetch in haste^ to bring OT carry quick- Mic. 6: 10 'jTT^-nS'^iJ the scant 
 ly^ Gen. 41: 14. 1 Sam. 17: 17. Ps. j^^j^ 
 
 . .,,"/ :^ . 11. :iT1 1. q. in, (after the form 
 
 JLthiopta bears quickly her hands to / -^ 
 
 God, prob. with presents. p"'^? i- q- p^^'O prince. Prov. 
 
 Beriv. 7Tn, ni:Ti73. 14: 28. 
 
 Note. Several forms ofyi^; e. g. *^';~) m. verbal from W^ no. 2. destruc- 
 
 -r' * , "' ^ ^ tton, wo. Is. 24: 16 ^:^ ^Tn i. q. the 
 
 have their signihcation from y^T following phrase ^b.-<iLx two no me / 
 
 tDTH by a transposition of the letters, 
 (which in the dentals is common,) 
 
 T^n- to 
 
 q. V. 
 
 P^n see pn 
 
 i. q. Arab, and Aram, l.-c^i 
 
 wink with the eyes., here as an ex- 
 pression of arrogance. Job 15: 12. 
 
 *^Tl to run or ooze with., to emit., e. g. 
 spittle, semen. Lev. 15: 3. Deriv. 
 
 tSin poison., see l3&5"1 
 
 JD'^'n io fee j9oor or in want. Ps. 34: 11. "Jl"} Arab. (J/J^ ^o 6e respected or /ion- 
 Fart. 11; n, sometimes ^Lfi^"^ (Prov. oured., to conduct with gravity or d\ 
 
 Some MSS. read "jl772-i\ 
 
 10: 4. 13: 23.) poor, needy, Prov. 
 14: 20. 18: 23. 
 
 Hithpal. to appear poor. Prov. 
 13: 7. 
 
 Deriv. "i:"^-), UJ""^.. 
 
 Note. The passages Jer. 5: 17. 
 Mai. 1: 4. pertain to ^"ve"]- 
 j^^'n jRm^/i, proper name of an ances- 
 tor of the house of David, the hero- 
 ine of the small book which bears 
 her name. Ruth 1: 4. 
 t") m. Chald. a secret. Dan. 2: 18, 19. 
 
 4: 6. [4 : 9-1 (Syr. \o(\^ also 11^ to 
 keep secret ; v>h \ a secret.) 
 ^f "^ 1. to be or to make lean. (In Arab. 
 
 T T 
 
 / / 
 
 <^Op to be wearied, enervated.'^ 
 
 2. to cause to waste azvay, to de- 
 strov, (see "T"^.) Zeph. 2: 11. 
 Niph. io become lean. Is. 17: 4. 
 Deriv. out of course pt*j, **7n. 
 
 i^"*n 'm. verbal from riTn, dec. IX. b. 
 
 '. -r ' 
 
 lean, spoken of a country. Num. 
 13:20. 
 I. "jl^l m. verbal from HT'^. 
 
 1. leanness, consumption. Is. 10: 16. 
 Hence destructive disease generally, 
 Ps. 106: 15. 
 
 ^i dimimUion, smallness^ scantiness. 
 
 mty. Found only in the part. ]n 
 liter, the respected or dignified, used 
 as a poetical epithet for a prince or 
 king, Judg. 5: 3. Ps. 2: 2. Prov. 8: 
 15. 31: 4. Is. 40: 23. See "liT-i no. 
 II. ' ^ 
 
 nn*l io te liyicZe, broad, large ; e. g. 
 spoken of the heart, to be enlarged 
 (with joy,) Is. 60: 5. of the mouth, 
 to be opened wide, 1 Sam. 2: 1. 
 
 Niph. part, zvide, large. Is. 30: 23. 
 
 Hiph. 1. to enlarge. Is. 57: 8. Ex. 
 34: 24 I will enlarge thy borders, (l.) 
 Construed with b of the person, to 
 make room or procure access for any 
 one. Prov. 18: 16. Also to deliver 
 (from affliction,) Ps. 4: 2. (2.) join- 
 ed with ins, to open the mouth wide, 
 Ps. 81 : 11. Construed with b? 
 against any one, in derision, Ps. 35: 
 21. Is. 57: 4. (3.) joined with uis:, 
 to enlarge one''s desire, i. e. to open 
 wide one's jaws. Is. 5: 14. Hab. 2: 
 5. (4.) joined with ib, to open the 
 heart .{to knowledge.) Ps. 119: 32. 
 comp. :2b inh. 
 
 2. intrans"! Ps. 25: 17, according^ 
 to the usual reading. Better by 
 conjecture T iSTinn. 
 
 Deriv. out of course 5n~)73. 
 
 I^nn m- verbal adj. from rinn, dec. 
 
 IV" a. and XI. d. wide, broad, large ; 
 
 spoken e. g. of a country, Ex. 3: 
 
 g. tP^'T' 3n*^ wide on both sides, a 
 
 
2n"i 601 am 
 
 and -.,5 .n. Prov.-28 = 25 ;^e. ^^f sl^^CA^tt^^^^ lH: C 
 
 ^fjnCrf ' T^^T- . T*"^ '^^'" '' '"bes of Benjamin and Judah. 1 K. 
 also used substantively for arros-ancc, ii- 43 
 Prov. 21: 4. ^ " * 
 
 nnn m. verbal from nn^ dec. VI. c. ^"^^"^ "^^ ^''^'* '^^'^""^ t5n^,,mer. 
 
 broad place. Job 36- 16 S^"^' com/)a^nonaie, spoken only of 
 
 ^--^ ^ t, 1 r ^ 1 TTT God,anfl for the most part joined with 
 
 DH-l m. verbal from nnn, dec. VI. .:,-j3; D^ut. 4: 31. Fs 86: 15. 
 
 *1. fcrearff^. Gen. 6: 15. Ezek. 40: P'^^l "'^ ^^^^^^ ^^j- ^^0^ P^'l' ^^C- 
 6 ff. ^ III. a. 
 
 2. joined with i'r? largeness of 1. remote, distant^ in space, more 
 
 understanding^ comprehensive under- rarely in time. 2 Sam. 7: 19. 1 K. 
 
 standing. 1 K. 5: 9. [4: 29.] 8: 41. Used abstractly or as a neu- 
 
 I3ni and Din") f (Dan. 9: 25.) plur. t^J"? remoteness^ distance, Josh. 3: 4. 
 
 ^.:.^ f '7 u o r \ p^Vi*^^ at a distance, far 0^. Fs. 10: 
 
 msn^ (as masc. Zech. 8: 5.) ver- t 7 ' ^ '*^ , ' . 
 
 v 1 r ' \^ J T 1- Pin'-lTS Gen. 22: 4. and pin^ttb 
 
 bal from in^, dec. I. , J o/^ VA /- /. /. L ' ** * 
 
 1. a streello called from its being ^^^ ^9: 29./rom a/ar,/ar ojf. 
 
 broad, (like the Greek 7ilaT67a,pla- , , ^; ^Tr^ J^'^^^' ^' *^ P^^* ?'^^' 
 tea.) Gen. 19: 2. Judg. 19: 20. 31: 10 (The same metaphor is found 
 
 2. the open space b^ore the gate of ^ Arabic.) 
 
 an oriental city, where courts were D'^D'^n*! Cant. 1 : 17 Keth. prob. a 
 held, and bargains made, i/ie onmia/ corrupted reading for tn-ta-rTn, 
 forum. 2 Chron. 32: 6. comp. Neh. which is found in the Keri. ' " 
 8: 1,3, 16. Ezra 10: 9 iT^a iinn <-w^.- , i t j . r.u r^ 
 _ ' ' , ' u^n I dual, a /la/ia-mta of the Onen- 
 
 lI^^'^5^<t^ the open space before the - 
 house of God. *^[\'^f' consisting of two stones of 
 
 3. proper name of a city in the ^T^^^f^ ^^^ ?P^' T.^ *"f!f ^"?^^^" 
 tribe of Asher, in the valleys below ^^^ ^^^^' ('^^ "-? ^^^ ^^^'^ ^^ 
 Mount Libanus. Num. 13: 21. Josh. H: 5- Num. 11: 8. Is, 47: 2. (Arab. 
 19: 28. 21: 31. also called lin'n rT-a ' ' 5 ^ ^ ^ 
 
 Judg. 18: 28. ' ** Cs^f^ ^"al U^^, ?wi.) 
 
 4. also of a Syrian district or peo- p^j^^ Chald./ar, distant, remote. Ez- 
 pie, 2 Sam. 10:8. likewise called ' - 
 
 Beth-rehub verse 6. comp. 1 Chr. , ^* ^* ^' 
 
 19:6. i^ni f. dec. V. a. 
 
 niDn"^ {streets or room, see Gen. 26: "l. an ewe. Gen. 31 : 38. 32: 14. 
 
 22.) * Then a sheep generally^ Is. 53 : 7. 
 
 1. proper name of a well. Gen. Cant. 6: 6. 
 
 26: 22. 2. Rachel, proper name of a wife 
 
 2. 'i'^ ninrT^ {streets of the city) of Jacob. Gen. 29: 6. 
 
 an Assyrian city. Once Gen. 10: 11. fini or QIT^ to love. Ps. 18: 2. (la 
 
 It occurs nowhere else, and the an- c ' j a* 'i. 'j \ 
 
 dent versions do not agree. See J. Syr. and Arab ^c^m.) 
 
 D. Michaelis Spicileg T. I. p. 240 ^'' ^^^' ^' ^^^' com^amo^, to 
 
 244. Perhaps the same with P^^V^ construed with an accus. Ex. 
 
 3. ^nsrr ninn-i Gen. 36: 37. with ^3: 19. Deut. 13: 18. 30: 3. Is. 9: 
 
 ,T,,vk 11^^ I. 1 ^^n f^ c 16. 14: 1. with bs, Ps. 103: 13. It is 
 
 which some have collated Xa^a j i r^u "a* * v * 
 
 ^ -^ used only of the affection of parents 
 
 Rachhah, a city on the Euphrates for children, Ps. 103: 13. Is. 49: 15. 
 
 between Cercusium and Ana. and that of God to men. 
 
 76 
 
nn 
 
 602 
 
 pnn 
 
 V\i. t3rt"n to find mercy. Prov. 21 
 13. Hos. 14:" 4. comp. 1- 6. 
 tDri'l, more rarely orin m. once fern. t]n"1 <o shake., totter^ as the bones from 
 
 dec. VIII. m. merciful^ compassion- 
 ate. Lam. 4: 10. 
 
 terror. Jer. 23:9. 
 
 Pi. to hover., flutter., as an eagle 
 oVer her young, Deut. 32 : 11. to 
 brood, as the life-giving power of 
 God over the mighty deep at the 
 creation, Gen.l: 2. (In Syr. to brood.) 
 
 yn*), fut. yn";:, infm. nicri'n. 
 
 1 . to wash., cleanse ; used only in 
 reference to the body, Gen. 18: 4. 
 43: 31. or other flesh, Ex. 29 : 17. 
 Different from DlID, which applies 
 to garments. 
 
 2. to wash one'^s self., to bathe. Ex. 
 2: 5. Ruth 3: 3. 
 
 Pu. Y'n'n to be washed. Prov. 30: 
 
 12. 
 
 Hithpa. i. q. Kal no. 2. Job 9: 30. 
 
 (Jer. 20: 17.) dec. VI. a. 
 
 1. the womb. Job 31: 15. tZDh^.??. 
 from the womb., Ps. 22: 11. For the 
 phrase to close the womb., i. e. to make 
 unfruitful, see ^^D, "^li:^. For the 
 phrase to open the womb., i. e. to 
 make fruitful, see tins. 
 
 2. a maiden., female., from their 
 
 distinguishing member. (Comp. in 
 
 Engl, woman., for womb^man.) Judg, 
 
 5: 30. 
 
 dni m. Lev. 11 : 18. and T'i)2T}1 
 
 Deut. 14: 17. the carrion-kite., vultur 
 percnopteruSj Linn. Arab. j^c^r\ and 
 
 'i^4.c^f\. See Bocharti Hieroz. T. II. 
 
 p. 297 322. Root tZitl^ piumesse ; >!-,*, ^ " ^v,V a.^^ ,r-,^ j vi^ 
 from which this bird is named, (like \ ^^ ""' ^^'^^^ ^''''^ ^'^^'' ^^^- ^*^ 
 ^'!J^5n the stork.,) see Bochart, p. washing. Ps. 60: 10. 
 318, 319. fl2n"l f. verbal from yn'l, a bathing 
 
 n^ni i- q- tDH^. no. 2. a maiden. or washing place. Cant 4:2. 6:6. 
 Dual t=3:n^nn Judg. 5: 30. Vri"! ^^^^^- ^thpe. construed with ^y, 
 
 C^tin") masc. plur. dec. I. io trust in a person or thing. Dan. 3: 
 
 '"""... 28 
 
 1. the chief intestines, as the heart, ,_,_ *^ 
 
 liver, etc. * viscera, xd anXdyxva. pn'l, fut. pn'1':, infin. ilp^n^J, <o 6e re- 
 Pro v. 12 : 10. Hence, because the moved, distant. Ps. 103: 12. Constru- 
 heart is the seat of love, compas- 
 sion, etc. 
 
 2. tender love or affection, partic- 
 ularly towards relatives, pietas. Gen. 
 43: 30. Am. 1: 11. 1 K. 3: 26. So in 
 N. T. Ttt onlay xva 2 Cor. 6: 12. 7: 
 15. 
 
 3. favour, grace, \. q. "jn, 'lO.tl. 
 Gen. 43: 14. In reference to the un- 
 fortunate, mercy, compassion. Is. 47: 
 6. Used particularly of God, grace, 
 
 foodness, mercy, Ps. 25. 6. 40: 12. 
 ^ tD'^^n'i 'jn: Deut. 13:17. and 
 ^' tz:'^:^n'^ tai^ Is. 47: 6. to show 
 mercy to a person. ta'^^n'^b S 'jn^ 
 'SCb to give one person favour with 
 another, 1 K. 8: 50. Ps. 106: 46. 
 r^ni Chald. idem. Dan. 2:18. 
 
 "^J^ni m. verbal adj. from Csn^, 
 
 ed with )'n and b^^., Jer. 2:5. Ezek. 
 8:6. 11:15. 44 : 10. (In Syr. and 
 Chald. idem.) Particularly (l.) spok- 
 en of God, to be far off, in reference 
 to giving aid. Ps. 22: 1 2, 20. 35: 22. 
 (2.) to keep one^s self, to abstain^ 
 avoid. Fx. 23: 7. Ecc. 3: 5. 
 
 Pi. ptl*^ to 2Mt far away. Is. 6: 12. 
 29: 13. ' 
 
 Hiph. 1. trans, as in Pi. 
 
 2. intrans. to be or go far off. Gen, 
 44: 4. Josh. 8: 4. Infin. pnnn as an 
 adv. at a distance, far off, Gen. 21: 
 16. 
 
 Deriv. out of course 'pini., 
 
 pini m. verbal adj. from pn*!, dec. 
 V. a. removing one''s self Ps. 73 : 27 
 ^^'pn'l they that remove far from 
 
 thee. 
 
nn 
 
 eo3 
 
 n*^-i 
 
 26: 20. with nN {with^) Judg. 8: 1. 
 with>N, Job 33: 13. with a, Gen. 
 31: 36. with an accus. Job 10: 2. Is. 
 27: 8. The person J'or whom one 
 contends is preceded by ^, Judg. 6: 
 31. Job 13: 8. the thing about which, 
 by b', Gen. 26: 21. 
 
 2. to manage the cause of any one, 
 to plead for or defend^ construed with 
 an accus. Is. 1: 17. 51 : 22. Mote in 
 full 2 l-^-i nwN S-**! , 1 Sam. 24: 16. 
 25 : 39 blessed be Jehovah ^^ ^TpwX 
 V^3 im Tns^in a'^'lTiN who hath 
 taken vengeance on Nabalfor my af- 
 front ; (it is construed here with 
 'IVZ , on account of the accessory 
 idea to take revenge^ Ps. 43: 1 Jl5'^"> 
 T'Dn fi^b '^''\i\l2 "^S"^"^. plead my cause, 
 (and deliver me) from an unmerciful 
 people. 
 
 Hiph. i. q. Kal. 1 Sam. 2: 10. Hos. 
 4:4. 
 
 Deriv. out of course i'''^*', !ni''n73 
 
 ^pj") ^^ swell or boil up. Ps. 45: 2 
 13 it: '^in "^ab 'iZin'^ iny heart boils 
 tip with a good matter. (Syr. idem.) 
 Deriv. mrn^tt. 
 
 nni ^- Is. 30 : 24. prob. a winnowing 
 shovel or/an, from n n 1, like ventila- 
 brum from ventus^ after the form nn5. 
 
 DtJ'n , fut. itt")"*, to be wet or 5oa^(f 
 
 through., as by the rain. Job 24: 8. 
 
 Particularly to be moist^ juicy^ like 
 
 fresh plants ; hence 
 DI01 m. verbal from ^ti'l, moist.^ 
 
 juicy .^ in fresh verdure. Job 8: 16. 
 nUl found only Job 16 : 11 "^T"-^! 
 
 ^SDn"] 1ID''^'23'1 Vulg. et manibus im- 
 
 piorum me tradidit ; comp. either 
 
 the Arab. V-J^a to throw .^ e. g. an ar- 
 row, (Sept. l(){)L\pi^ or \.3p (by a 
 
 commutation of C2 and n ,) constrinx- 
 it, comp. T'5pn in the parallel 
 
 ^ , ^ ' , D"^") rarely S^ m. plur. ta"*-. and ni 
 
 JO-I m. /mr, terrour. Jer. 49 : 24. ^ ^,,^, f^ 3,^^ j^^ , " 
 
 (Chald. t3t2*l io tremble, to be afraid.) 
 
 tJEUl a quadriliteral, pass. Job 33: 
 
 25. to revive, to become fresh again. 
 
 {In Arab, by transposition / yXi Id 
 
 idem. It is supposed to be compound- 
 ed of ID'l to be juicy and 'iJDt: to be 
 thick, fat.) 
 
 tDu^"! found only in Pi. 
 ~ 
 
 1 . to dash in pieces, as little child- 
 ren on the rocks, (otherwise ys: 
 Ps. 137: 9.) 2 K. 8:12. 
 
 2. to strike to the ground genersWy. 
 Is. 13: 18. (So in Chald.) 
 
 Pu. pass, of no. 1. Is. 13:16. Hos. 
 10:14. 14: 1. Nah. 3: 10. 
 
 ^n m. Job 37 : 11. according to some, 
 o 
 
 i. q. Arab. lJJ^, for "^i"! a watering, 
 from the root m'^. See however 
 
 T T 
 
 n'^"1, pret. S'n,ri2'i, also n^ls'^n, iniin. 
 
 absol. nh (Judg. 11:25. Job 40: 2.) 
 
 1. to contend or strive with any Tl^')^ m. verbal from n'^n, dec. I. exhaf 
 one, in words or deeds. Is. 57:16. laiion, scent, smell. Cant. 2: 13. 7: 
 Ps. 103: 9. Construed with t=^, Gen. 14. Gen. 27: 27. Metaphorically Jolj 
 
 1. a strife, contention. Gen. 13:7. 
 Deut. 25 : 1. "^n"'*) W^ii my adversa- 
 ry. Job 31: 35. comp. Is. 41 : 11. 
 
 2. a cause, matter of contention. 
 Ex. 23: 2. n*'-^ Ui^N one who has a 
 cause, Judg. 12:2. See the verb signif. 
 no. 2. 
 
 tV^ in Kal not used. 
 
 Hiph. n-i'in. 1. to smell. (It is 
 kindred with n^^ wind, breath ; in- 
 asmuch as fragrant substances 
 breathe out an odour.) Gen. 8:21. 
 27: 27. 
 
 2. construed with 3, to take delight 
 in smelling, to smell with pleasure, 
 (comp. S nrn, n^n.) Ex. 30 : 38. 
 Lev. 26: 31. Hence 
 
 3. metaphorically to take delight 
 in a thing, in any way. Am. 5 : 21. 
 Is. 11:3 nin^ ni<*l^3 in*^n2 and 
 in the fear of Jehovah is his delight. 
 For the connexion of the ideas of 
 
 fragrancy and acceptableness, see un- 
 der the articles t3ilJ2, nfT^q. 
 
P^n 
 
 604 SD-) 
 
 14:9. comp. Jud^. 16: 9. Very fre- 
 quently in the phrase nh"': n""*} , 
 see nn>3. 
 
 n*^*! Chald. idem, Dan. 3: 21. 
 
 D*^"! see Di^l a buffalo. 
 
 ?*-)see :^^nno. II. 
 
 5?"^^ the full orthography for ^'^, a 
 
 neighbour .f friend. Job 6: 27. 
 mS'^"1 bruised corn. 2 Sam. 17: 19. 
 
 Prov. 27: 22. The etymology is ob- 
 scure, if ni is the fern. plur. termin- 
 
 2. vain,, futile. Deut. 32: 47. 
 
 3. poor,) stripped of every thinj^. 
 Neh. 5: 13. 
 
 4. good for nothing.^ base,, wicked, 
 Judg. 9:4. 11:3. 2 Sam. 6: 20. ^ 
 
 GjP_'''n an adv. from p"!*^., denoting (1.) 
 
 with empty hands. Gen. 31 : 42. (2.) 
 in vain,, without success. 2 Sam. 1 :22. 
 (3.) without cause, frustra. Ps. 25: 
 3. 7: 5. 
 
 1'^'n m. verbal from "nn*^, dec. I. spit- 
 
 tle. 1 Sam. 21: 14. n^tt^H ^'^'n,see 
 
 ation. If the n is radical, then comp. tS""]) m. Prov. 13: 18. Ui"''! 28: 19. and 
 the Arab. \J>iip to bruise in pieces. -^'^'^ 6: 11. 30 : 8. verbai from tJn^, 
 
 n^n Gen. 10: 3. proper name of an , ^^^- ^' Z^^^^^^y- 
 
 unknown people, of the race of the pd ''I the Syriac orthography for 
 
 Cimmerians.lt has been collated with y[^^'^^ former., first. Job 8: 8. 
 
 the Riphean mountains. 'tt-^^ fem. n^l, verbal adj. from, ^D"!, 
 
 p*^"! to be empty. In Kal not used. 
 Hiph. 1. to empty,, Gen. 42:35. 
 Jer. 48: 12. to leave empty, i. e. un- 
 satisfied, Is. 32: 6. 
 
 2. to pour out. Ecc. 11:3. Zech. 4: 
 12. Ps. 18: 43. 
 
 3. to draw or make bare (the 
 sword.) Ex.15: 9. Lev. 26:33 ^np"'*ir| 
 n^n taS'^'iri^ IzvUldraw out the 
 sword after you. Ps. 35: 3. Ezek. 5: 
 2, 12. 12: 14. Here belongs the com- 
 mon reading of Gen. 14: 14 p"?.^! and 
 he caused to draw (the sword,) i. e. 
 he armed them. Perhaps the read- 
 ing of the Samar. text pn^T he re- 
 viewed them, from p 1*7 in Aram, to 
 number, review, is to be preferred. 
 So Sept. Vulg. 
 
 Hoph. pass, of no. 1. Jer. 48:11. 
 
 p'^'^ m. verbal adj. from p"^^, empty. 
 Jer. 51:34. Used abstractly or as 
 a neuter, an empty or vain thing, 
 vanity, Ps. 2: 1 . 4: 3. As an adv. 
 p*?^, Ps. 73: 13. p'^'nb Lev. 2 
 p"^^, '^'72 Jer, 51 : 58. in vain, 
 purpose. 
 
 p'l*^ and p"! verbal adj. from p'''^ , 
 
 dec. I. 
 
 1. empty. Gen. 37 : 24. Is. 29 : 8 
 ViJS3 ^ip"?. his hunger is unsatisfied, 
 Comp. 32: 6. 
 
 : 16. 
 to no 
 
 dec. VIII. h. 
 
 1. tender ; spoken c. g. of child- 
 ren, Gen. 33: 13. of a calf for the ta- 
 ble. Gen. 18: 7. 
 
 2. tender, delicate, delicately 
 brought up. Deut. 28: 54, 56. 
 
 3. soft, flattering. Prov. 15: 1. 
 niS'l soft words. Job 40: 27. [41:3.] 
 
 4.' weak. 2 Sam. 3 : 39. tZl'^r?. 
 r^lT)^ weak eyes. Gen. 29 : 17. Sept. 
 uG{)evf7g. Vulg. lippi. The Orien- 
 talist regarded this as a great defect 
 in regard to beauty, (comp. the op- 
 posite Dli'^iJ-nS'^ 1 Sam. 17: 42. 
 having beautifid eyes, spoken in com- 
 mendation of David.) 
 
 5. i^b ^"n fearful, timid. Deut. 
 
 20: 8. 2 Chr. 13:7. 
 nil , fut. iS^*; , i. q. Lat. vehi. 
 
 1 . to ride, on the back of an ani- 
 mal ; construed with h^. Gen. 24: 
 61. Num. 22 : 30. with "a, Neh. 2: 
 12. with an accus. 2 K.9:'l8, 19. 
 
 2. to ride, in a vehicle. Jer. 
 17:25. 22: 4. Spoken particu- 
 larly of Jehovah's riding on the 
 wings of the cherub, Ps. 18: 11. up- 
 on the clouds. Is. 19 : 1. upon the 
 heavens, Deut. 33: 26. Ps. 68: 34. 
 
 Hiph. 1. to cause to ride, on the 
 back of an animal. Est. 6; 9. 1 K.l: 
 33. Ps.66:12. 
 
ns-i 
 
 605 
 
 M-5 
 
 2. to cause to ride^ in a vehicle ; 
 construed with an accus. of the per- 
 son, Gen. 41 : 43. 2 Chr. 35: 24. or 
 of the draught-animal, Hos. 10: 11. 
 Here belongs the phrase by l3'^3'n!^ 
 V'-iiJf'ni722, see til2z plur. 
 
 2. to set a thing in a cart or wag- 
 on. 2 Sam. 6: 3. 2 K. 23: 30. 
 
 4. simply to place or set, e. g. the 
 hand. 2 K. 13:16. 
 
 Deriv. out of course ^3*^50, 
 
 !3p") m. (f Nah. 2: 5.) verbal from 
 
 ni"j, dec. VI. h. 
 iT cavalry. Is. 21:7. 
 
 2. ft chariot or wagon. Judg. 5: 
 28. Usually as a collective noun, 
 chariots, a train of chariots, Gen. 50: 
 9. (The plur. is found only in Cant. 
 1: 9.) Particularly war-chariots, Ex. 
 14:9. bt'12 S^."^. iron chariots, cur- 
 rusfalcati. Josh. 17: 18. np.^Jl "^^^ 
 chariot-cities, where the war-char- 
 iots were kept, 2 Chr. 1: 14. 8: 6. 9: 
 25. This word is often so used, 
 that what is said of it refers strictly 
 to the horses or to the men in the 
 chariot ; as e. g. 2 Sam. 8 : 4 and 
 David houghed all the chariots, i. e. 
 the horses pertaining to them. 10: 
 18 and David killed of the Syrians 
 seven hundred chariots, i. e. the men 
 and horses belonging to them. 2 K. 
 7: 14 a^DlD n^^ rij two span of 
 horses. 
 
 3. the upper mill stone, the runner. 
 Deut. 24:6. 2 Sam. 11: 21. 
 
 DIDI a proper name, Rechab, the pro- 
 
 genitor of the Rechabites, a wan- 
 dering tribe of Kenites, whom Jona- 
 dab the son of Rechab bound by a 
 solemn vow, not to practise agricul- 
 ture, nor to drink wine, but to live 
 forever a strict nomadic life. 2 K.IO: 
 15, 23. Jer. 35: 1 flf. 1 Chr. 2: 55. 
 Comp. a similar law of the Naba- 
 theans, in Diod. Sic. xix. 92. 
 D3^ m. verbal from ir)1,dec. I. 
 
 1. a horseman. 2 K. 9: 17. 
 
 2. a charioteer, driver of a war 
 chariot. 1 K. 22: 34. 
 
 D'llDI m. verbal from ^y^ , dec. I. a 
 chariot. Ps. 104: 3. 
 
 ti'^D'n more rarely UJi'i m. verbaj 
 from *>ii!5*^, dec. I. substance, goods^ 
 possessions. Gen. 14 : 16. llJIlD'n 
 I'r.'^*! the private substance or prop' 
 ertyofthe king, 2 Chr. 35: 7.- '^.\1) 
 ii:ilD^{l the overseers of the (royal) 
 substance, 1 Chr. 27: 31. 28: 1. 
 
 p*^^"! m. verbal from b^l, calumny^ 
 slander, (see b^"^ no. 2.) Hence 
 b'^^n '^'^i^ slanderers, tale-bearers, 
 Ezek. 22: 9. b"'^'^ ^brj to go about 
 as a tale-bearer. Lev. 19 : 16. Prov. 
 11: 13. 20: 19. 
 
 Tfil 1- to be tender, soft, or to be soft- 
 ened ; spoken of the heart. 2 K. 22: 
 19. 
 
 2. to be soft, effeminate. Deut. 28 : 
 56. 
 
 3. to be soft, supple, smooth ; spok- 
 en of fat, and metaphorically of 
 words. Ps. 55:22. 
 
 Niph. fut. ^^^., spoken of the 
 heart, to be fearful or afraid. Deut 
 20: 3. Is. 7: 4. Jer. 51: 46. See ^'^ 
 no. 5. 
 
 Pu. to be mollified or softened, 
 spoken of a wound. Is. 1: 6. 
 
 Hiph. to terrify, make afraid, e.g. 
 the heart. Job 23:16. 
 ^51 to go about, to go up and downy 
 i. q. b^l. Particularly (l.) as a tra- 
 der, i. q. ^,h^, hence to trade,trafflc. 
 Part, b^.h a trader, ^merchant, Ezek. 
 27: 13, 15, 17 ff. nirlDh a female mer- 
 chant, Ezek. 27 : 3, 20, 23. Deriv. 
 Jl':?5'l , rib.3^?3 a market. (2.) 
 as a tale-bearer, whence b'^is'^. 
 Sl'^p*) f verbal from bs^ , dec. X. 
 
 trade, traffic. Ezek. 28: 5, 16, 18. 
 D5"l to bind on. Ex. 28: 28. 39: 21. 
 
 DlD"l m. verbal from D!?^, dec. VI. 0. 
 a conspiracy, plot, (like *^"^)?.0 or 
 else cord*, snares. Ps. 31: 21. 
 
n!Dn 
 
 606 
 
 i^n 
 
 tD'^Di"^ masc. plur. rough or steep pla- 
 ces. Is. 40: 4. Arab. (uai=5 a prce- 
 cipitem dedit. 
 
 "Xyi to get., acquire. Gen. 12: 5. 31: 
 18^ Deriv. 'ii^^'i. 
 
 ^IDI m- 5^)y^/if Aor^e, as it appears, 
 
 a peculiar and noble breed. Mic. 1: 
 13. 1 K. 5 : 8, [4: 28,] (where it is 
 coupled with Q'^D^D.) Arab, ysn 
 0*:2^=Dp to gallop ; (for the in- 
 terchange of 2 and 'ij, see under the 
 letter 'Cj. Syr. {jLD't a horse., partic- 
 ularly a stallion. See Bocharti Hie- 
 roz. T. I. p. 95. 
 Q"^ high, see D^l. 
 
 t31 tt buffalo., see ^^"1. 
 .. . 
 
 ^^"n 1. io <;irow. Only Ex. 15: 1,21. 
 
 2. to shoot (with a bow.) Jer. 4: 
 29. Ps. 78: 9. 
 
 Pi. TtJ^'^Jo deceive., beguile, (pri- 
 marily to cause to fall, to trip up ; 
 comp. the hut fallo with the Greek 
 GqaV.co and perhaps the Engl, to 
 fall) Prov. 26: 19. Gen. 29:25. Con- 
 strued with^, 1 Chr.l2: 17 '^2ni7ij:ib^ 
 ^'n2b to deceive (and betray) me to 
 mine enemies, an instance of the con- 
 structio praegnans. 
 
 Deriv. tivz*^ , T\12^12 , n^^n , 
 
 T'l' t:^ t:t' 
 
 M^l f- (with Kamets impure) verbal 
 
 from Dl"! <o ^c /<i^/i, dec. X. 
 
 1 . a height, high place. 1 Sam. 22: 
 6. Particularly for the worship of 
 idols, Ezek. 16 :24,25, 39. Comp. 
 
 2. proper name of several cities ; 
 (l.) of a city in the tribe of Benjamin, 
 (Judg. 19 : 23. Is. 10 : 29.) situated 
 north of Jerusalem. Josh. 18: 25. 
 Judg. 4:5. Jer.31:15. Hos. 5: 8. 1 
 K. 15:17. (2.) of a city in mount 
 Ephraim, the birth-place and resi- 
 dence of Samuel. 1 Sam. 1:19. 2: 11. 
 7:17: 15:34. 16: 13. More in full 
 D^s-iiZ tzs^riTS^ ISam. 1: 1. 1 
 JMac. 11: 34 'Pa^iaitifi. (3.) of a 
 
 city in the tribe of Naphtali. Josh. 
 19.36. Perhaps the same as Josh. 
 19: 29. (4.) nciTte n^'^ {height of 
 the watch tower) Josh. 13: 26. a city 
 in Gilead, otherwise called nnTSI, 
 ni^M'nq. V. (5.) Tib n^^l {height 
 of the jaw-bone) Judg. 1 5: 1 7. a place 
 named by Samson. The gentile 
 noun is-^n^^ 1 Chr. 27: 27. 
 
 n^n, i^^n chaid. 
 
 1. to throw, cast. Dan. 3 : 21, 24. 
 6: 17. 
 
 2. to set, place, e.g. a throne. Dan. 
 7: 9. Comp. Rev. 4: 2 -d^govog tv^iv- 
 ro, and Tl'^'^ to erect, raise up. Gen. 
 31: 51. *' 
 
 3. to lay or impose, (a tribute.) 
 Ezra 7: 24. 
 
 Ithpe. pass, to be cast. Dan. 3: 6, 
 15. 
 H/QI f CL worm. Job 25 : 6. Particu, 
 
 larly worms arising from putridity, 
 Ex. 16: 25. Job 7: 5. 21: 26. (Arab. 
 
 ^12^ to rot ; ^^J^ rottenness, also a 
 
 worm arising from rottenness.) 
 I'llD") m. dec. I. 
 
 1. a pomegranate. Cant. 4: 3. As 
 an artificial ornament, Ex. 28: 33, 
 34. e. g. on the chapiter of a pillar, 
 2 K. 25: 17. 
 
 2. a pomegranate-tree. Joel 1: 12. 
 
 3. a proper name (1.) of a city in 
 the tribe of Simeon, on the southern 
 boundary of Palestine. Josh. 15: 32. 
 19: 7. Zech. 14: 10. (2.) of a rock 
 not fai from Gibeah. Judg. 20: 45, 
 47. It was hither that Saul and his 
 men went, 1 Sam. 14: 2. (3.) 'ji^'l 
 INh^ {a round pomegi-anate) Vi city 
 
 in the tribe of Zebulun. Josh. 19: 
 13. comp. i:i73") 1 Chr. 6 : 62. [6: 
 77.] (4.) y"^3 '^172'^ {split pomegran- 
 ate) a station of the Israelites. Num. 
 33: 19. 
 ni^an {heights.) 
 
 1. proper name of a city in Gil- 
 ead, otherwise called nittit*n. Josh. 
 21: 38. 1 K. 4: 13. 
 
 2. n^: nia'n {heights towards the 
 
can 
 
 60'? 
 
 ^31 
 
 smih) a city ia the tribe of Simeon, 
 otherwise called i^.2-n^N^. 1 Sam. 
 30: 27. 
 n^!Q") f. Ezek. 32: 5. according to the 
 
 T 
 
 present punctuation, from D^)^ to be 
 high^ hence high heaps (of corpses.) 
 Better to be pointed ^''r^Ta") (though 
 this plural does not occur elsewhere,) 
 with thy worms. 
 
 n&n m. plur. Cn^^, dec. VI. n. a 
 spear^ javelin^ (as a part of heavy ar- 
 mour.) Num. 25: 7. Judg. 5: 8. Jer. 
 46: 4. (In Aram, and Arab, idem.) 
 
 *^!a"1, plur. CTa^ii 2 Chr. 22: 5. i. q. 
 'ca'^fi^.tl the Syrians. Comp. 2 K. 8: 
 28. FoVthe omission of i< in the be- 
 ginning of words, see p. 2. 
 
 n^521 f verbal from tl^^. 
 
 1.' deceit. Job 13: 7. n^tt^ iV::? 
 a deceitful tongue^ Ps. 120: 2, 3. 
 JT^^'l rjUJp. a deceitful 6ow, i. e. one 
 that misses the mark, Ps. 78 : 57. 
 Hos. 7: 16. 
 
 2. slackness^ remissness, remissio. 
 (Comp. Arab, /ycp conj. VII. laxum^ 
 
 remissumfuit negotium, kindred with 
 MS^.) Prov. 12: 24. rr^^l R3 a 
 */acfe ^nc/, Prov. 10: 4. As an adv. 
 remissly.) Jer. 48: 10. 
 
 *n!2'n f. dec. I. a mare. Once Est. 8:10. 
 
 (Arab. ^X./^ irfem.) 
 CJ^"1 i- q. d^n <o 6e Ai^A, exalted. Pret. 
 J172-I Job 22: 12. and ^m'l 24: 24. (In 
 
 AT ^ 
 
 both passages several MSS. and edi- 
 tions omit the Dagesh, and the forms 
 would then be derived from Dl"^.) 
 Part. fem. TiTDTZl^ high, exalted, alia, 
 Ps. 118: 16. '" 
 
 Niph. imper. plur. ^Tahin Num. 
 17: 10. and fut. ^73^:. Ezek. 10: 15, 
 17, 19. to be lifted up, to rise. (The 
 authorities for omitting the Dagesh 
 are here much less.) 
 D!D'n , fut. 073 n*:, to tread with the feet, 
 
 as clay by the potter. Is. 41: 25. 
 Particularly to tread down, to tram- 
 ple on, 2 K. 7: 17, 20. Dan. 8: 7, 10. 
 I. 63: 3. 16 : 4 DTJ^h the oppressor^ 
 
 concukator, 1: 12 '''152TI 073*^ to tread 
 my caurts, here with the accessory 
 idea oiprofanation ; comp. Rev. 11: 
 2. 1 Mac. 3: 45. (Comp. the kindred 
 verb DS^,) 
 
 Niph. pass. Is. 28: 3. 
 
 ta^n, fut. i2J7:n\ 1. to move, spokea 
 of living creatures. Gen. 1: 30. 7: 
 8, 21 (at the beginning.) 8: 19. Con- 
 strued with an accus. to move or be 
 alive with any thing, (comp. l]bn no. 
 5.) Gen. 9: 2 H72li<T\ tJ-\n ^UJfi< 
 with which the earth moves, i. e. which 
 moves upon the earth. Lev. 20: 25. 
 2. particularly to creep, as worma, 
 Gen. 7: 14. 8: 17. 
 
 tD^Q"! m. 1. verbal from iD^n. 
 
 1. that which moves (on the earth,) 
 four-footed beasts in opposition to 
 fowls. Gen. 7: 14. Ps. 148: 10. Spo- 
 ken 0^ fishes, Ps. 104: 25. 
 
 2. worm^. Gen. 1: 24, 25, 26 
 
 I'n (strictly infin. from )y^,) dec. VIII. 
 e. a shout of joy, a rejoicing. Ps. 32: 
 7 C3i>D"''^2'^ shouts for deliverance. 
 
 nDI i. q- )i'^ to rattle, as arrows in a 
 
 quiver, or else to whiz, as arrows 
 shot from the bow. Job 39: 23, See 
 Bocharti Hieroz. T. I. p. 134. In the 
 latter case ns'iJN quiver must stand 
 for arrows. 
 513'^ f. verbal from 15 'n, dec. X. 
 
 1. a cry, e. g. of a herald, for as- 
 sistance. Ps. 17: 1. 61: 2. IK. 22: 
 36. 
 
 2. a r^oicing, shout of joy. Ps. 30: 
 6. 42: 5. 
 
 131, fut. ]h;, (once'J^'^Jasiffrom'jIT 
 
 P'rov. 29: 6.) 
 
 1. to cry aloud. Prov. 1: 20. 8: 3. 
 Particularly for help. Lam. 2: 19. 
 
 2. to raise a shout of joy, to rejoice, 
 exult. Lev. 9: 24. Job 38: 7. Spoken 
 of inanimate nature. Is. 44: 23. 49: 
 13. 
 
 Pi. "JS^ i. q. Kal no. 2. to shout, re- 
 joice. Ps.*98: 4. 132: 16. Construed 
 with an accus. of the person or thing, 
 to praise or celebrate with joy, Ps. 51 : 
 16. 59: 17. with 2, Ps. 33: 1. 89: 13. 
 with 'btl, Ps. 84: S. with b, 95: 1. 
 
y-i 
 
 608 
 
 y") 
 
 Pu. pass. Is. 16: 10. 
 
 Hiph. J"*:^.?] 1. to rejoice. Dent. 
 32: 43. with^, Ps. 81: 2. 
 
 2. trans, to make to rejoice. Ps. 65: 
 9. Job 29: 13. 
 
 Deriv. out of course "j *!, iiS"i. 
 ilDDI f. verbal from i:'-^, decT XI. c. 
 
 a rejoicing. Job 3: 7. 20: 5. Plur. DT 
 Ps. 63: 6. 
 
 0*^33 "1 plur. fem. prob. a poetic word 
 
 for ostriches^ otherwise called ni22 
 H^^^Z Job 39: 13. Vulg. struthio. The 
 name ^ derived from ^/le buzzing of 
 the wings, (comp. n3^ Job 39: 23.) 
 or from the cry of the female ostrich, 
 (comp. the article ^:^'^ ;) hence the 
 female ostrich is called by the Ara- 
 
 V 
 
 bians J^v>cp song. See Bocharti Hie- 
 roz. II. p. 248. 
 flD"l a station of the Israelites in the 
 desert. Num. 33: 21, 22. 
 
 I. d'^D'^Dl masc. plur. verbal from 
 DD"!, dec. I. drops. Cant. 6: 2. 
 
 II. Q'^D''D") ruins. Amos 6: 11. Root 
 
 Chald. oD'n i. q. V^n to dash in 
 pieces. 
 
 ^p"l. m. dec. VI. h. 
 
 1. a bridle. Ps. 32: 9. Job 30: 11. 
 Is. 30: 28. According to the latter 
 passage it was drawn over the jaw- 
 bone like a halter, but served, how- 
 ever, to guide the animal. 
 
 2. the inner part of the jaw^ the 
 corner of the mouth. Job 41: 5 [41: 
 13] i3p*)b5D3 his double jaws. Comp. 
 the Greek ;fAti'0 the corners of the 
 
 1. bad.^ of a bad quality. Lev. 27: 
 10. Deut. 17: 1. Particularly mora/- 
 ly bad., evil., wicked., spoken of men, 
 purposes, actions. Gen. 6:5. 8 : 
 
 21. 1 Sam. 25: 3.-5?^ lb an evil 
 heart., Jer. 3: 17. 7:24. D 'p/'S'a ^n 
 evil in the eyes of a person., displeas- 
 ing to him., Gen. 38: 7. frequently in 
 the phrase Jnin;' "^rsra S'nn -what 
 displeased Jehovah., 1 K. 11: 6. 14: 
 
 22. more rarely with b?, Ecc. 2: 17. 
 with \D5b., Neh. 2: 1. Hence ^J^ 
 and fem. fi^^ as a subst. eviL Job 1: 
 1. Ps. 97: 10. and often put as a gen- 
 itive after another noun, e. g. n2y 
 V^ a wicked counsel., Ezek. 11: 2. 
 ^'^ ^'^Vi kicked men., Prov. 28 : 5. 
 
 2. ugly., illfavoured^ particularly 
 with riN'^Ja. Gen. 41: 3. 
 
 3. eruil., unfortunate., calamitous. Jer. 
 7: 6 D!3b i'lb so that it may go ill 
 
 you., 1. 
 
 e. to your hurt, for 
 ^^ ri'iTib; (comp. 2 ro no. 1. 
 7. ay ns^ ni!)i> to do ill to any 
 
 mouth., where the bridle is put, and tt ^.^ 
 the Germ. Gebiss. ^^' ^ ' 
 
 with 
 
 25: 
 
 one, Gen. 26: 29. 31: 29. Hence as 
 a subst. SJ'n and ni^"! evil., adversity., 
 trouble, Gen. 19: 19^ 44: 4. 50: 15. 
 
 4. evil, pernicious, dangerous. ll^^lTJ 
 n:>'n an evil beast. Gen. 37: 33 1^1 
 
 T X ' T X 
 
 I5>n any evil or pernicious thing, 2 
 Ky4:41. 
 
 5. 1"^^ i?"! having an evil eye, envi" 
 
 ous. Prov. 23: 6. 28: 22. 
 
 6. sad ; spoken of the heart, Prov. 
 25: 20. of the countenance. Gen. 40: 
 7. Neh. 2: 2. 
 
 ^'l verbal from ^'11 no. II. dec. I. 
 a cry, shout. Ex. 32: 17. Mic. 4: 9. 
 m. a contraction of 'n^'^ ver- 
 
 3. proper name of an Assyrian city. 
 Once Gen. 10: 12. 
 D*! to wet, moisten. Ezek. 46 : 14. 
 
 "" X 
 
 (Chald. Ot"^^ idem.) Deriv. t2^D''D-l 
 no. I. 
 y^ f. with the distinctive accents 5>*i, 
 fem. tiy^, plur. D"^^^, verbal adj. 
 from 5>5n in the sense of 5?^^, dec. 
 VlJI.k. ' 
 
 bal from n^^ no. II. dec. I. 
 
 1. a companion, acquaintance, 
 friend. Job 2: 11. 19: 21. Prov. 25: 
 
 17. Not so strong a term as itlN a 
 loving or close friend, comp. Prov. 
 18: 24. Often followed by b instead 
 of a genitive, Job 30: 29 niaib 3?^. 
 !n35?2 a companion of ostriches, i. e, 
 like to ostriches. Prov. 19: 6. 
 
 2. one beloved, a lover, spouse, huS' 
 
nn 
 
 609 
 
 TOI 
 
 Hiph. intrans. idem. 
 Ezra 10: 9. 
 
 Dan. 10: 11. 
 
 band. Cant. 5: 16. Jer. 3: 1, 20. Hos, 
 3: 1. Comp. 51^3?^. 
 
 3. another person^ a neighbour, fel- 'l^l m. Ex. 15: 15. and n'lS?*^ f- Ps. 
 low-being. Ex 20: 17 ff. 22: 25. g 7,1. 48: 7. verbals from 15-i, a 
 Hence '^j^ii and ?^. </ie one, the oth- j,^ trembling, 
 
 er; e. g. Judg. 6: 29 '^j'^ii nnm'-l ^ L,.. a v r * 
 
 ' ^ ^, 7, ., * r I. n3?^i Arab. ._Ca, tut. apoc. 
 nn^'l rJJ ana mey said one to anoth- t x ^ ^trw 
 
 er. Gen. 11: 3. 1 Sam. 10: 11. 20: 
 41. Used likewise of inanimate 
 things, Gen. 15: 10. Comp. ntj no. 
 7. More rarely in the same sense 
 without 'iJ'iN, e. g. Is. 34: 14 'n''3JT23 
 ^^'IRI '^i^?.! '^^ one satyr calls to 
 another. 
 
 4. a thought, will, purpose, (i. q. 
 Chald. nu-^, 'jT^'y'Tl.) Ps. 139:2, 
 1 7. prob. also Job 32 : 22. Root ny "^ 
 Chald. to will, and tii5 Ethpa. to 
 think. 
 ^h m. rarely 51*1, verbal from sr^'l in 
 the sense of yn*i. 
 
 1. badness, bad quality. Jer. 
 24 : 2, 3, 8. Especially in a mor- 
 al sense, wickedness, evil, Jer. 
 4: 4. 21: 12. 23: 2. 26: 3. 
 
 2. ugliness. Gen. 41: 19. 
 
 3. sadness. ib ^h sadness of heart, 
 Neh. 2:2. C^rD 5>h a ac? countenance, 
 Ecc. 7: 3. " " 
 
 ilJ'n, fut. i^"!*"., <o 6e hungry, to hun- 
 ger, ?s. 34: 11. 50: 12. to suffer from 
 famine, to be famished, Gen. 41: 55. 
 Construed with b, to hunger after any 
 thing, Jer. 42: 14. 
 
 Hiph. to cause to hunger. Deut. 8: 
 3. Prov. 10: 3. 
 
 Dl?1, fem. nny'n, verbal from ii'.'i, 
 dec. V. a. hungry, 2 Sam. 17: 29. 
 Job 5: 8. Is. 8: 22. consumed ov weak- 
 ened by hunger. Job 18: 12. 
 
 I33?'n m. verbal from iS'.^, dec. IV. a. 
 
 1. hunger. Lam. 5: 10. 
 
 2. a /amtne. Gen. 12: 10. 41: 30 
 ff. Am. *8: 11. 
 
 jiD}?"! m. verbal from ^^, dec. III. 
 
 idem'. Ps. 37: 19. Gen. 42: 19 ^ir^ 
 CD'^na p-?;";} grain for the hunger, 
 i. e. for the wants, of your families. 
 '7;j?n to quake, tremble. Ps. 104 : 32. 
 (Arab, idem.) 
 
 77 
 
 5?^' 
 
 1. to feed (a flock,) pascere. Gen. 
 30: 36. Construed with ah accus. 
 more rarely with 3, 1 Sam. 16: 11. 
 17: 34. Without a case following, to 
 wander about as a nornade. Num. 14: 
 33. Part. H^'l a shepherd, fem. n^h 
 a shepherdess, Gen. 29 : 9. Meta- 
 phorically to feed a people, i. e. to 
 lead or guide them, spoken (l.) of 
 a prince, e. g. 2 Sam. 5 : 2. 7:7. 
 Jer. 23: 2 ff. Construed with 2, Ps. 
 78: 71. In Is. 44:28, Cyrus is called 
 the shepherd of Jehovah. Comp. the 
 Homeric phrase nocfiiveg kacHv (2.) 
 of God, e. g. Ps. 23: 1 Jehovah is my 
 shepherd, I shall not want. 28: 9. 80: 
 2. (3.) Prov. 10: 21 p'^'l2 "'nBU; 
 JD^a'n ^^"^1 the lips of the righteous 
 guide many. Part. Tlif^ a guide, teach 
 er, wise man, Ecc. 12: 11. 
 
 2. to feed, graze, pasci, spoken of 
 cattle. Is. 5: 17. 11:7. The pas- 
 ture fed upon is put in the accug. 
 Jer. 50: 19. Ezek. 34: 14, 18, 19. 
 Mic. 7:14. Metaphorically to eat 
 up, to consume, Mic. 5 : 5 they shall 
 consume the land of Assyria with the 
 sword. Job 20:26 ibtli<2 n*""!^ S>^'> 
 it {the fire) shall consume him that if 
 left in his tabernacle. Jer. 22: 22. 2: 
 16 ^plj? ^I^"*^"! they shall consume 
 the crown of thy head. Job 24: 21 
 irnpS^. Jl^.h who oppresseth the barren. 
 (Chald. confringens.) In the two last 
 examples the meaning approaches 
 near to that of ^5?^ to break in pie- 
 ces. 
 
 3. to support, nourish, spoken of 
 food. Hos.9: 2 the threshing-Jloor an^ 
 wine-press shall not nourish them. 
 
 Hiph. i. q. Kal. Once Ps. 78: 72. 
 Deriv. ""y*), n?"}^., n"5?^^. 
 
 II. SU^I to take delight or pleasure in 
 a person or thing. (Chald. ny'n 
 idem^ i. q. Heb. tl^^- In Argib, comp. 
 
v^ 610 nn 
 
 Ia3a.) Construed (1.) withanaccus. ture. 1 K. 5: 3 [4: 23] "S^'l "IJ^a 
 
 /.^i , , . pastured oxen. 
 
 01 the person, to take pleasure in or . . 
 
 <o a*5ocm^c 'a.'t^ii any one. Prov. 13: VH m. denom. from n2>-i, with the 
 
 20. 28: 7. 29: 3. Deriv. n^n, ^'n adjective termination "_., pertaining 
 
 no. II. 1 3. :^-}J2^ a male friend; to a shepherd. Is. 38: 12. Also a 
 
 in;^'^, m^'^ a female friend. (2.) shepherd h'lmseU., Zech. 11: 17. 
 
 with an accus. of the thing, to take fi^V^ f- verbal from r^^'^ no. I. dec. 
 
 pleasure in or pursue after nny ihinff. !L* . , / i i i-i .i 
 
 Prov. 1 5:* 1 4 the mouth of fools riin^ ?' /^^^ friend ov lover, like the 
 
 , , , . *> ' Lat. arnica. Cant. 1: 9, 15. 2: 2, 10, 
 
 ti^^i!^ takes pleasure m jolly, sedatur ^3 ^.^ (. y.., ^^^ 2 Plur 
 
 stidtitiam. Ps. 37: 3 nz^":^^ r:3?-| .ec- ,^:^,^- j;^^^ J J. 3^- -j^^^i;^ ^^y ,^,^ 
 
 tare veAtatem.^Tyi-y l-.^-s to pursue ^^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^ p^i^^ed ^n^:sr^ 
 
 c/]!er </ie mn<^, mania sectary Hos. / iffmm ni5;n ^ 
 
 12: 2. comp. Is. 44: 20. also m>--), . ^""^ " ^^^"^ "^^l"-' 
 
 and n^-i 'p'^'^'Z- ' 'jT^5?'n m. i. q. n^5>^ no. 2. a desire., 
 
 Pi.^:?7; '<o c/ioo.6 or to treat as J^, .^..a,^^' e^c. 2: 22 'jr:^^-! 
 
 one^s friend. Judar. 14:20. .,,. /- , , -*"" 
 
 Hithpa. construed with n^f, <o '^^k i^^' desire of his heart. p'^^-y 
 
 have intercourse or make friendship nni i. q. n^^ n^S''! a vain endeav 
 
 %i)ith ^ny one. Prov. 22: 24. oi^r, Ecc. 1: 17. 4: 16. 
 
 n^l f verbal from ^i"! in the sense IVi^n ^^' Chald. a thought. Dan. 4: 
 
 of J"""^, dec. X. eui/, ad!xjemi!y, c^es^rwc- ^6. [4: 19] rTibJli"" "'ilbi'^S'"! his 
 
 <io)i ; see 5>^ nos. 1. 3. ^, 7, , \n j\'-~'' - ' x.'~ 
 
 ' - thoughts terrified him, 1. e. he was 
 
 n^n m. verbal from nsr'n no. II. a terrified. 5: 6, 10. 7: 28. Spoken 
 
 companion, acquaintance, friend, i. q. of nightly visions, Dan. 2 : 29, 30^ 
 
 the more frequent ^n.. 2 Sam. 15: Root n^n <o </iwA;. 
 
 37. 16: IG. 1 K. 4: 5. /IP") <o tremble^ to shake. Found only 
 
 Ti^^l fern, of ni'""!, dec. X. a female *tt r ^ t t t ^ . , 
 
 ' T .. "' ^ '^ m Hoph. to be shaken, to tremble. 
 
 companion. Plur. ni2?^. Ps. 45: 15. Nah. 2: 4. (Syr. Pe. to tremble; 
 
 Judg. 11: 38. Aph. to shake.) Deriv. Mb?"5n, and 
 
 !n^1 strictly an infin. fem. from 5^'?*!, S^"^ m. verbal from ^51, dec. VI. c. 
 
 a breaking. Prov. 25: 19. 1. giddiness^ intoxication. Zech. 
 
 n*^;?"!, fem. of !15?^ i. q. ^1^^ ?^, (af- 12^ 2^. 
 
 ter the form "^^3 = nVs, ^inza = mz 
 
 "" T.^'a female friend or comjuamon. J^/' P^^^' ^^^"^ ^^^^^ ^rmw/om mo- 
 
 Est. 1: 19. Ex. 11: 2. Joined with tion, when worn. 
 
 n'^\S:, the one, the other. Is. 34: 15, |n 5?-^ I. to be agitated, to tremble. Ezek. 
 
 16. Jer. 9: 19. 
 
 2. a desiring, striving after a thing. 27: 35. , /- , 
 
 n^^ nni^-l a striving for the wind, a 2. <o roar, <o rage, spoken of the 
 
 , ^V, 14 Q 11 sea. Ps. 96: 11. 98: 7. 1 Chr. 16: 
 tJctiri endeavour, Ecc. 1 : 14. 2: 11, 
 
 17, 26. 4: 4, 6. 6: 9. comp. m^ n^^ ^^ ^^ ^^^^^^^^ (j^ g^^ .^^^ ^ O^jy 
 IIos. 12:2, under the article W"^ j^^ jjipi, ^j^^j i^ ^^e noun D^^n. 
 
 no. II. (2.) and the Chald. n!)i>"l. ^ ^0^ ^^e anffry. In like manner on- 
 
 n^P"l Chald. will, pleasure. Ezra 5: ly in Hiph. (Syr. Ethpe. idem. Arab. 
 
 J 7 -7. J 3 ^p conj. HI. V. to be angry.) 
 
 n;?"! pi. verbal from W^ no. I. a/7a^- Hiph. 1. ta cause it to thunder, ta 
 
 2. Plur. ni::5?'-\Is.3:19.i;ei/5, Arab. 
 
 5 C/ 
 
3n 
 
 611 
 
 tD;5?-| 
 
 thunder^ spoken of Jehovah. Ps. 29: 
 3. Job 40: 9. 1 Sam. 2: 10. 
 
 2. to provoke to anger^ to cause to 
 fret. 1 Sam. 1: 6. 
 1D;P*) m. verbal from S^'^n, dec. VI. c. 
 
 1. a raging^ tumult. Job 39: 25. 
 
 2. thunder. Ps. 77: 19. 81: 8. Met- 
 aphorically Job 26: 14 irri^^-j D?^ 
 I^^an"] "^72 the thunder of his power 
 who can understand ? 
 
 il533?*l f verbal from d^'1. 
 
 '1. a trembling., shivering ; hence 
 the trembling mane of a horse, Job 
 39: 19 rra^"^ ^"^^3^ *>^''2bnrf canst 
 thou clothe his neck with its trembling 
 mane? According to the Chaldaic 
 version, majesty., from t32?n = D^^. 
 
 2. Gen. 10: 7. Ezek. 2~7: 22. prop- 
 er name of a city or country belong- 
 ing to a tribe of Cushites. Sept. in 
 Gen. 'Pty^ia., a city on the Persian 
 gulf mentioned by Ptolemy and 
 Steph. Byzant. See Bocharti Phaleg, 
 IV. cap. 5. J. D. Michaelis Spicileg. 
 T. I. p. 193. 
 
 ttpp^'^ Gen. 47: 11. and DlDT:?^ Ex. 
 
 1: il. 12: 37. Num. 33: 3, 5. prop- 
 er name of a city and country (Gen. 
 47: 11.) in Lower Egypt. Of impor- 
 tance in this place is a passage of 
 the Sept. Gen. 46 : 28, where for 
 the Heb. 1\I?a ni*\N stands xa^ 
 HgojCDv noUv elg y^v'PafieGffrj. Ac- 
 cording to this the city of Raamses 
 is Heroopolis., and the country a part 
 of the land of Goshen. See Jablon- 
 ski De Terra Gosen, in his Opusc. 
 ed. te Water, T. II. p. 136. and in 
 opposition to him J. D. Michaelis 
 Supplem. p. 2256. 
 
 *ip_^ found only in Pil. yj$^^ to be 
 
 green., to be covered with leaves. Job 
 15: 32. Cant. 1: 16. In both passages, 
 however, it may be regarded as an 
 adjective. Some traces of the sim- 
 ple root p^ are found in Syriac. 
 Hence 
 
 *jDi5?'l m. verbal from 15?'^ , dec. II. a. 
 ' 1 . green ; spoken of trees in full 
 growth, Deut. 12:2. 2 K. 16: 4. of 
 a leaf, Jer. 17: 8. The verdant tree 
 is employed as an emblem of pros- 
 perity^ Ps. 37: 35. 52: 10. 92: 15. 
 
 2. fresh., spoken of oil. Ps. 92: 1 1. 
 1??.1 ^^^1<5- ^0 be flourishing., spoken 
 
 of a person. Dan.4: 1. [4:4.] 
 ^:?"), fut.yh;, infin. n^h (Is. 24: 19. 
 
 Prov. 25:19.) 
 
 1. to break or dash in pieces. (In 
 Aram, idem.) Jer. 15: 12. Ps, 2 : 9. 
 Job 34: 24. 
 
 2. intrans. to be broken in pieces. 
 Jer. 11:16. 
 
 3. intrans. to be terrified. Is. 8: 9. 
 (Comp. nnn no. 2.) Others derive 
 it in this passage from :^n'l. See Ge- 
 sen. in loc. 
 
 Hiph. y'^n has its signification 
 from 5^1 'to be evil., q. v. 
 
 Hithpo. ys^i^nn to be violently 
 shaken or thrown' down. Is. 24: 19. 
 Perhaps to be ruined., to perish., Prov. 
 18: 24. but this can also be derived 
 from ^^^ no. I. This same form 
 occurs likewise under ? ^ '^ no. II. 
 3^3?*^ Chald. to break in pieces. 
 
 ' Pa. idem. Dan. 2: 40. 
 f\Tl, fut. R?'^'^, to drop., distil Prov.3: 
 
 20' Ps. 65: 12, 13. (In Arab, idem.) 
 Hiph. to let drop., spoken of heav 
 en ; of course i. q. Kal. Is. 45: 8. 
 Y^^l i. q. 5>y'l and y2^ to break or 
 
 dash in pneces. Ex. 15: 6. Metaphor 
 ically to oppress.^ vex., (a people,) 
 Judg. 10: 8. 
 IDiS'l 1. to waiJe, shake., spoken e. g. 
 
 of fruit. Ps. 72: 16. 
 
 2. to be shaken., to quake., tremble. E- 
 zek.38:20. 26: 1 5.Spoken of inanimate 
 nature,e.g.oftheearth,Judg.5:4.Is.l3: 
 13 the earth shall quake from its place; 
 (comp. Job 9:6.) of the heavens, Jo- 
 el 2: 10. 4: 16. [3: 16-1 of the moun- 
 tains, Jer. 4: 24. Nah. 1: 5. 
 
 Niph. i. q. Kal. Once Jer. 50: 46. 
 
 Hiph. 1. to shake., put in motion. 
 Hag. 2: 6, 7. 
 
 2. to make to tremble. Ps. 60:4. Is. 
 14: 16. 
 
 3. to cause to leap or spring, e. g. 
 a horse. Job 39 : 20 qs'^j'^^'nnn 
 nalNS causest thou him to leap as the 
 locust ? Comp. "^.na to leap., spoken 
 of locusts; Hiph. to cause to quake ; 
 also nj5^. 
 
kVSDI 
 
 612 
 
 [sn 
 
 W^ in- verbal from i;3?'n, dec. VI.c 
 
 1. a shaking ; e.g. of a spear. Job 
 41: 21. [41 : 29.] Particularly an 
 earthquake^ 1 K. 19 : 11. Am. 1:1. 
 Zech. 15:5. 
 
 2. tumult^ noise ; e. g. of a char- 
 iot, Nah. 3: 2. of battle, Is. 9: 4. Jer. 
 10: 22. of a snorting horse. Job 39: 
 24. 
 
 3. a trembling. Ezek. 1 2: 1 8. 
 
 i^D'n i liter, to mend^ repair. Found 
 
 t T 
 
 only in Niph. and Pi. no. 1. 
 
 2. to cure., to heal. (Comp. ccitfta- 
 &ai.f sarcire^ sanare.) It is construed 
 with an accus. and dative, as well of 
 the wound or sickness as of the per- 
 son / e. g. with an accus. Ps. 60: 4. 
 with a dative. Num. 12: 13. 2 K. 20: 
 5. Part. ^Dh a physiqian., Gen. 50: 
 2. 2 Chr. 16: 12. Used impersonally, 
 Is. 6: 10 ib i<5^1 and lest he should 
 he healed^ et ne curatio fiat illi. 
 
 3. metaphorically to restore ; e. g. 
 a land, people. 2 Chr. 7: 14. comp. 
 verse 13. Hos. 7:1. 11 : 3. Ps. 
 30: 3. This figure and its opposite 
 are found Deut. 32 : 39 / wound and 
 I heal. Jer. 17: 14. 30: 17. Since this 
 restoration to former prosperity was 
 connected with the forgiveness of 
 past sins on the part of Jehovah ; 
 hence 
 
 4. to forgive^ pardon. 2 Chr. 30: 
 20. Jer. 3: 22. Hos. 14: 5. Comp. Ps. 
 41: 5. 103: 3. 
 
 5. to comfort. Job 13:4b'^i:^/2JS'-| 
 comforters of no value. For the trans- 
 ition to this signification, see such 
 passages as Ps. 147:3. Jer.6:14. 8:11. 
 
 Niph. 1. pass, of no. 1. Jer. 19:11. 
 
 2. to be healed. Lev. 13: 37. Con- 
 strued with a dative, Is. 53: 5 NBIS 
 ^ 3lb we are healed. Spoken of water, 
 to 'be made drinkable, 2 K. 2: 22. E- 
 zek. 47: 8, 9. 
 
 Pi. to repair (a broken altar.) 1 
 K. 18: 30. 
 
 2. to heal, Ezek. 34 : 4. to make 
 wholesome or potable, e. g. unwhole- 
 some water. 2 K. 2: 21. 
 
 3. trans, to cause to be healed. Ex. 
 21: 19. i^sn"; i^is'n he shall cause 
 him to he thoroughly healed. 
 
 Hithpa. to let himself be healed, t 
 K. 8: 22. 
 
 Deriv. HNiB"-)^, n^fi^s-n, s^g. 
 
 Note. The root JiD*i ' often bor- 
 
 T T 
 
 rows its form from tie*^,(comp. fci^^p 
 i. q. JT^i^,) sometimes in respect to 
 the consonants, and sometimes bare- 
 ly as to the vowels, which then fol- 
 low the analogy of verbs nb. Here 
 pertain the imper. nc^ Ps. 60: 4. 
 fut. n:''S'in Job 5:18. Niph. J^ns^3 
 Jer. 51: 9! infin. SlC^rr 19 : IL fut. 
 
 ^C-T^ 2 K. 2: 22. vi :is-|'' Jer. 6: 
 14." 
 
 fi^D'^ i. q. IB'n weak, without strength. 
 Hence only in the plur. d'^kSB^ the 
 weak ones, i. e. the shades, the 
 inhabitants of hades, whom the 
 ancient Hebrews conceived of as 
 without strength and without sensa- 
 tion, {e'ldoDka xafiovTMv.) Ps. 88: 11. 
 Prov. 2: 18. 9: 18. 21: 16. Is. 14: 9. 
 26: 14, 19. Hence Is. 14: 10 tinU 03 
 13733 ^"^V.O ha^t thou also become 
 weak or feeble as we ? 
 
 n^^^^'^ f verbal from i<S*^, a healings | 
 recovery. Prov. 3: 8. 
 
 nil^Sn plur. fem. verbal from t^^'^y 
 
 medicine. Jer. 30: 13. 46: 11. Ezek. 
 30: 21. 
 *^1^D*1 found only in the plur. D"'i<5'1 
 
 a gentile noun, the Rephaim or sons 
 ofRaphah, (ns'iri "^Tb^ 2 Sam. 21: 
 16, 18.) aCanaanitish race of giants, 
 that lived beyond the Jordan, Gen. 
 14:5.15:20. Josh. 17 : 15. from 
 whom Og the giant king of Bashan 
 was descended, Deut. 3:11. In a 
 broader sense it appears to have in- 
 cluded all the giant tribes of Canaan, 
 (see d''^^i?., D''^T^I, ^y.lt,) JDeut. 
 2:11,20. In subsequent times <^c 
 sons of Raphah appear to have been 
 men of extraordinary strength among 
 the Philistines, see 2 Sam. 21: 16,18. 
 ^iDIi fut. IS'^'), to spread out, sternere, 
 
 kindred with *ia'-|. Job 41: 22. [41: 
 30.] 
 
nsDi 
 
 613 
 
 D)1 
 
 Pi. 1. io spread a bed or couch, 
 sternere lectum. Job 17: 14. 
 
 2. to support, hence to refresh one 
 wearied. Cant. 2 : 5. Comp. ^^0 
 no. 2. 
 
 Deriv. MT^sn. 
 
 tlt^li fut. apoc. P)*|\ 
 
 1. to be slack, to hang down. Used 
 particularly of the hands, 2 Chr. 1 5: 
 7 DD'^'l') ^S'l''. b^t ie< not your hands 
 be slack. Hence this phrase denotes 
 to be dispirited, to despond, 2 Sam. 4: 
 1 V"!"^ ^Sl"^!! then his hands became 
 slack, i. e. he was dispirited. Is. 13: 
 
 7. Jer. 6:24. 50:43. Ezek. 7: 17. 
 21:12. Zeph. 3:16. Also without 
 fi^T,? Jer. 49: 24 ptJTa.tl nncn Dam- 
 ascm is dispirited. 
 
 2. construed with "Jtt, to desist from 
 a person or thing. Ex. 4 : 26. Judg. 
 8: 3. Neh. 6: 9. 
 
 3. to sink; spoken of the day, 
 Judg. 19: 9. of burning stubble. Is. 
 5:24. 
 
 Niph. to be remiss, idle, lazy, Ex. 
 5: 8, 17. 
 
 Pi. 1. io slacken or loosen, e. g. a 
 girdle. Job 12:21. Particularly joined 
 with D'Jtl^, to slacken the hands of a 
 person, i. e. to dishearten or discour- 
 age him, (comp. Kal no. 1.) Jer. 38: 
 4. Ezra 4: 4. 
 
 2. to let down. Ezek. 1: 24,25. 
 
 Hiph. MB"\ln, imper. and fut. apoc. 
 Pl^.ll and Pin;. 
 
 1 . intrans.^o let go or alone, to desist 
 from a person or thing ; construed 
 
 with 1^12, Judg. 1 1 :37. Deut.9:l 4. with 
 \, 2 K. 4:27. 1 Sam.l 1:3. Also with an 
 accus. to let lie, to leave, forsake, Neh. 
 6:3. Ps. 138: 8. Deut. 4: 31. 31: 6, 
 
 8. Josh. 1: 5, (where it is synony- 
 mous with iTy.) Joined with an infin. 
 Prov.4: 1 3." Without cases , Ps. 46: 
 11. 1 Sam. 15: 16. 
 
 2. to dismiss, let go, construed with 
 an accus. Cant. 3:4. Job 7: 19. 
 27: 6. 
 
 3. causat. of no. I . to cause to cease, 
 to withdraw. 2 Sam. 24: 16 ^n; 5)'!^ 
 withdraw thine hand, i. e. cease from 
 destroying. Construed with "its, Josh. 
 10: 6. 
 
 Hithpa. 1. to behave one'^s self slack" 
 ly, remissly, idly. Josh. 18:3. Prov.l8:9. 
 
 2. to let one^s courage fail, to be dis- 
 pirited. Prov. 24:10. 
 
 Note, ns"^ borrows the form of 
 
 T T 
 
 ^tB^ only once, (part. Pi. M2n?3 Jer. 
 38: 4.) but the forms of JlD^i have 
 frequently the signification Vf ^S'n. 
 See the note under inc^. 
 
 r T 
 
 SlSn m. verbal from ^12"^, dec. IX. b. 
 
 1. slack, remiss, particularly with 
 fi*"!;. 2Sam.l7:2. niS'^ D^tf^ ^c& 
 hands, as indicating d^ection, despon^ 
 dency, Job 4: 3. Is. 35: 3. 
 
 2. weak, feeble. Num. 13: 18. 
 tlT'SI f- dec. X. the support, prob. 
 
 the frame (of a portable couch.) 
 Cant. 3: 10. Root ^sn Pi. no. 2. 
 
 Q*^^'^D1 {stays) a station of the Israel- 
 ites in their march through the wil- 
 derness. Ex. 17: 1. 19:2. 
 
 'JV^'n m- slackness, remissness ; joined 
 
 with d')'!^, despondency, fear. See 
 mD^ no. 1. 
 
 T t 
 
 DD "*i and "ID D 1 ,(both forms being used 
 promiscuously,) fut. tiD'^^ (Ezek.34: 
 18.) 32: 2. to tread with the feet, par- 
 ticularly to make waters turbid. 
 Kindred with D^n. 
 
 Niph. Prov. 25^: 26 tos'^a 1^i? 
 a troubled or turbid fountain. 
 
 Hithpa. DDnnri liter, to let one's 
 self be trodden on, hence to submit 
 one's self Prov. 6 : 3. Ps. 68 : 31 
 5]0D "^iS/^S DB'nnTa who submits him- 
 self with bars of silver, i. e. brings 
 bars of silver. 
 
 Deriv. iDD'^T:. 
 
 D&1 Chald. to tread in pieces. Dan, 
 7:^7. 
 
 ni'lDS'l fem. plur. floats, rafts. 2 
 Chr. 2:15. a later word, as it appears, 
 for the more ancient ni"il3l 1 K. 5: 
 23. [5: 9.] Perhaps compounded of 
 iO^^ sarcire and ft<1D5 in Talmud, a 
 
 T T T ; 
 
 float. 
 
n:2n 
 
 614 
 
 n'^ 
 
 ft^'n to shake, tremble. Found only in 
 
 Po. Job 26: 1 1. (Arab, ^f Chald. 
 Pj^DI to tremble.') 
 pDI found only in Hithpa. to lean, 
 
 to support one'^s self. Cant. 8: 5. (A- 
 rab. vjtio conj. VIII. idem.) 
 
 ten seeDSI. 
 
 tDSI 1M> mire, i. q. the following word 
 
 ti-^b Once Is. 57 : 20. (In Talmud. 
 idem.) 
 D^TlS"! masc. plur. Hab. 3: 17. ac- 
 cording to the Rabbins, stalls. Sept. 
 
 Vulg. Arab, cribs. (In Arab. v_>-^ 
 straw, perhaps a bed of straw.) 
 
 Y"! m. verbal from y^^ , dec. VI. h. 
 a piece, a bar, (of silver.) Ps. 68: 31- 
 
 Y"l m. a runner. See Y*^"!* 
 
 fc^!S1 i. q.y^"^ to run. Once Ezek. 1: 
 
 *7S1 in Pi. only Ps.68: 17. to look as- 
 kance, to be envious. (Arab. Os^D p 
 
 io observe narrowly, particularly for 
 to lay wait.) 
 mSI (Arab, with ;jo.) 
 
 1. to be well pleased with or to 
 take delight in a person or thing; 
 construed with an accus. Ps. 102:15. 
 Job 14:6. Is. 42: 1. Jer. 14: 10. with 
 2, Ps. 49: 14. 147: 10. 149: 4. Par- 
 ticularly to accept graciously a per- 
 son with a present, Gen. 33: 10. Mai 
 1:8. or with offerings and prayers, 
 spoken of the Deity, Job 33: 26. E- 
 zek. 20: 40. Ps. 51:18. Also to be on 
 good terms or in friendship with a 
 person, construed with D5?, Ps. 50: 
 18. Job 34: 9. (Comp. Jli*") no. II. 
 with which this verb here agrees in 
 signification.) Construed with an in- 
 fm. to be pleased to do a thing, Ps. 
 40: 14. Used absolute] v, to be gra- 
 cious, Ps. 77: 8. Am. 5: 22. 
 
 2. i. q. Hiph. to pay of, discharge. 
 Lev. 26: 34, 41. 2 Chr. 36: 21. 
 
 Niph.l . to be well pleasing,to be gra- 
 
 ciously received, used only in refer- 
 ence to offerings, (see Kal no.l.)Lat. 
 litare. Lev. 19: 7. 22: 23, 27. 7: 18. 
 22: 25. 1: 4. (in the two last passa- 
 ges there is a pleonastic dative of 
 the pronoun lb, ^P.v) It is synon- 
 ymous with IVJL^b n^n Lev. 22: 20. 
 
 2. prob. to be paid offoY discharg- 
 ed, pass, of Hiph. Is. 40 : 2. See 
 Hiph. 
 
 Pi. to seek the favour of a person. 
 Job 20 : 10 his sons must seek the fa- 
 vour of the poor; or else must satisfy or 
 propitiate them; (Arab. V.a5a conj.II.) 
 
 here by the restoration of plundered 
 goods. 
 
 Hiph. to satisfy (a creditor,) hence 
 to pay off, (like t"i2*^Jl in Talmud.) 
 Lev. 26: 34 then shall the land rest 
 and pay its sabbaths. In the begin- 
 ning of the verse and in 2 Chr. 36 : 
 21, Kal is used in the same connex- 
 ion. Comp. Lev. 26: 41, 43. and in 
 Niph. Is.40:2. Others : and the land 
 shall be satisfied with its sabbath, and 
 so in the other passages; but an 
 ironical expression here appears out 
 of place. 
 
 Hiph. to make one^s self pleasing, 
 construed with bN. 1 Sam. 29 : 4. 
 Deriv. )'')^y 
 "jhSI ui- verbal from tnJi^, dec. Ill.a. 
 
 1. acceptance, delight, satisfaction. 
 Prov. 14:35. ]i:r'l^ Is. 56: 7. Jer. 
 6: 20. and ^iii^ b^ Is. 60: 7. for ac- 
 ceptance (with God,) i. e. well pleas- 
 ing to him. Ex. 28 : 38 afi!? "j^^nb 
 ^^^^'] "^S^b for acceptance for them 
 with Jehovah ; i. e. to make them 
 acceptable to Jehovah ; comp. Lev. 
 22:20,21. 19:5 !=lp.:ii^'r 50 that 
 you may be accepted, rite, ita ut litet. 
 22:19,29. 23:11. 
 
 2. what is acceptable, an object of 
 delight. Prov. 11: 1, 20. 12:22. 15: 
 8. <16 : 13. Particularly tjy/ia< is ac- 
 ceptable to God, Prov. 10: 32. Mai. 2: 
 13. 
 
 3. grace, favour, good-will; e.g. 
 of a kmg, Prov. 16: 15. 19: 12. par- 
 ticularly of God, Ps. 5: 13. 30:7. Is. 
 49: 8 li^Sn nyz i a time of favour. 
 
Bsn 
 
 615 
 
 api 
 
 Hence expressions of favour^ benefits^ 
 Ps. 145: 16. Dent. 33: 23. 
 
 2. a pavement^ pavimentum. Est. t: 
 6. 2Chr. 7: 3. Ezek. 40: 17, 18. 
 4. -ayi//, pleasure, (i. q. Chald. *iy;2l (Arab, with t vc ,) kindred with 
 n5?-1.^ Ps.40:9. 103:21. 2Chr. 1.5: I -- '^^ '^ 
 
 nny^.) Ps.40:9. 103:21. 2Chr. 15: 
 15 D3iiJ:'*)""^iD2 with their whole will, 
 1. e. with all their heart. 1lt}'J 
 
 X T 
 
 i-Tit'nij to do as one pleases, Est. 1:8. 
 particularly as a description of abso- 
 lute power, Dan. 8: 4. 1 1: 3, 16. con- 
 strued with 2, to treat a person as one 
 pleases, Neh.*9: 24,37. Est. 9: 5. 
 5. self-will, wantonness. Gen. 49: 6. 
 n2i*l ! to dash in pieces. SeePi.no. 
 
 ~ T 
 
 1. and the deriv. n::^^.. 
 
 2. to slay, kill Num. 35 : 6 ff. 
 *^D2 rt:i-\ to smite dead, Deut. 22: 
 20. comp. nsn no. 3. 
 
 Niph. passJ of Kal no. 2. Judg-. 
 20: 4. 
 
 Pi. 1 . to dash in pieces, destroy. Ps. 
 62: 4. 
 
 2. i. q. Kal no. 2. Is. 1: 21. 
 n^'n m. verbal from n:^, a wound- 
 ing, slaying, slaughter. Ps.42: 1 1 for a 
 wounding in my hones, i. e. to my 
 bitterest anguish. Ezek. 21: 27. 
 5^ji"l to pierce, bore through. Ex. 21:6. 
 (Arab. 
 
 [ &S1 ^o arrange with art, particularly 
 
 stones for a pavement. Applied also 
 to the inlaying of wood-work, Cant. 
 3: 10. Deriv. out of course nD2?.'^73. 
 1 JTI^"! m. verbal fromP^^-n, dec. VI. h. 
 
 1. a hot stone, which the oriental- 
 ists made use of to roast meat upon, 
 or to throw into milk or broth in 
 order to heat it. 1 K. 19 : 6 DSi? 
 
 1. to smite or dash in pieces, to 
 bruise. Is. 42: 3 y^i^'l iip.p^ a bruised 
 reef?. 36:6. 2K. 18: 21. * ' 
 
 2. metaphorically to oppress, treat 
 with violence ; often connected with 
 P'vZiy. 1 Sam. 12: 3, 4. Am. 4 : 1. Is. 
 58": 6. Deut. 28: 33. 
 
 Note. The fut. y^^^ Is. 42:4. 
 y^nn Ecc. 12: 6. (as if from fn^,) i3 
 used intransitively, to be bruised or 
 broken. 
 
 Niph. V'i"i;,(as if from yril,) pass. 
 of Kal no. 1. Ecc. 12: 6. Ezek. 29:7. 
 
 Pi. y:.l to dash in pieces. Ps. 74: 
 14. 
 
 2. i. q. Kal no. 2. Job 20: 19. 2 
 Chr. 16: 10. 
 
 Po. y^.i^ i. q. Kal and Pi. no, 2. 
 Judg. 10: 8. This form Nab. 2 : 5, 
 pertains to y^n to run. 
 
 Hiph. fut. ynn, (as if from ynj 
 Judg. 9: 53. to dash in pieces. 
 
 Hithpo. to struggle. Gen 25: 22. 
 
 Deriv. yn, )i^5i'i7r. 
 conj. IV. idem.) Deriv. Ip-^ verbal from pj^^* no. I. dec. 
 
 ' VIII. h. 
 
 1. as an adj. thin. Gen. 41:19, 
 20, 27. 
 
 2.as an adv.(l.)onZy.Gen.6:5.Is.4:l. 
 After a negation, except, Josh. 1 1:22. 
 (2.) at the beginning of a sentence, 
 indeed, certainly, surely. Gen. 20: 11. 
 Num. 5: 6. Ps. 32: 6 D^^ RD^!: p-^ 
 'iJ^T C^a^ surely, as to the floods of 
 great waters, etc. 
 
 tD-'DZin a cake baked on hot stones'. Pl ''''^^^' '^^ F^l* 
 According to the Rabbins, coals. p^ in. withsuff. "^p^l, verbal from p|2*l 
 2. proper name of a city subject no. II. dec. Vlli. d. spittle. Job 7^ 
 to the Assyrians. Is. 37 : 12. Per- 19. 30: 10. Is. 50: 6. 
 haps P^a9Dayptolemy, in Palmy- ^p^^^^ ^^^ ^j^_^,^ ^^ ^^ worm-eaten, to 
 
 rene, Arab. ij\j^j>. rot, spoken of wood. Is. 40 : 20. 
 
 il2i'^ com. gen. verbal from ^'^'1, Metaphorically Prov.l 0:7. comp. the 
 
 T ^ 'y ~ ' Rabbinic phrase, ascendit putredo in 
 
 1. i. q. PjiT'-i a hot stone. Is. 6: 6. 
 
 nomenalicujus. Hence 
 
 Vulg.caickL'AccordingtotheSept. ^Bl ^''^'^^^ from ap,-), dec. IV. a. 
 iand the Rabbins a coal. 
 
1p 
 
 6l6 
 
 3>pn 
 
 1 . a being eaten by worms^ rotten- 
 ness. Job 13: 28. Hos. 5: 12. 
 
 2. rottenness or an internal wasting 
 (of the bones.) Prov. 12: 4. 14: 30. 
 Metaphorically Hab. 3: 16. 
 
 'jlDp'^ m. i. q. ij5"^ no. 1. verbal from 
 iJ5^, rottenness. Job 41 : 19. [41 : 
 27.f 
 
 ^^p*^ to skip^ dance. Ecc. 3: 4. Spoken 
 of inanimate nature, Ps. 114: 4, 6. 
 
 supposed to rest like a hollow hem- 
 isphere on the earth. The Hebrews 
 appear to have regarded it as trans- 
 parent like a crystal or sapphire, 
 (Ezek. 1: 22. Dan. 12: 3. Ex. 24 : 
 10. Apoc. 4: 6.) of course as some- 
 thing different from the brazen or 
 iron heaven of the Homeric poetry. 
 Over this arch they placed the wa- 
 ters, Gen. 1: 7. 7: 11. Ps. 104: 3. 
 148: 4. Sept. GxtQtoj^a. Vulg. fir- 
 mamentum. Luth. Veste. 
 
 Pi. to leap, to dance. 1 Chr. 15. ^^^^^ i , /- ^ t j 
 
 29. Is. 13: 21. Job 21: 11. Applied p^F!l ^- ^^^^^^ ^^"^ PP-^r ^<^- ^- ^^- 
 also to the jolting up and down of a III. a. a thin cake., a wafer. Ex. 29 : 
 swift chariot on a rough road, Nab. 2, 23. Lev. 8: 26. 
 
 3: 2. Joel 2: 5. Dp"! 1. <o varies^ate. to make party-col- 
 
 Hiph. to cause to skip. Ps. 29: 6. *' - 
 
 Comp. 'ijy"^ and in:. 
 J")p*^ f. verbal from p|5n no. I. dec. 
 
 X. 
 
 1 . liter, thinness., hence the temples^ 
 tempora. Judg. 4: 21, 22. 5: 26. 
 
 2. poetically cheeks. Cant. 4: 3. 6: 
 7. Comp. tempora., Prop. ii. 24. 3. 
 
 np"^ to spice., season ; particularly oil 
 
 in the preparing of ointments. Ex. 
 30: 33. Part. nj?h a maker of oint- 
 ments., an apothecary., 30: 35. Ecc. 
 10: 1. 
 
 Pu. pass. 2 Chr. 16: 14. 
 
 Hiph. to spice or season (flesh.) 
 
 oured. (In Arab, to mark with points 
 conj. II. to draw lines.) 
 
 2. particularly to work cloth with 
 various colours. Part. DjP,h 07ie that 
 works cloth with various colours., Ex. 
 26: 36. 27: 16. 28: 39. 38 : 18. diff- 
 erent from nuJn a worker in damask^ 
 q. V. Others : an embroiderer. (Span. 
 recamare., Ital.Hcamare, to embroider.) 
 As opposed to this explanation, see 
 Ps. 139: 15. comp. Job 10: 11. and 
 Hartmann's Hebraerin, Th. 3. p. 
 138 ff. 
 
 Pu. Ps. 139: 15 when I was curi- 
 ously wrought in the lowest parts of 
 the earth. 
 
 Ezek 24" 10 
 
 Deriv.* out of course np. '1 72, H^p^. f- verbal from Op.-J, dec. XII. b. 
 
 ^HR"!^^' ^r!)5")'v 1, a variegation of colour, spoken 
 
 np"l, m. verbal from njDn, a spicing of the eagle, Ezek. 17: 3. of many 
 
 coloured stones, 1 Chr. 29: 2. comp. 
 
 2. a party-coloured cloth or gar' 
 ment. Ezek. 16: 13, 16. 27: 16. Plur. 
 Ps. 45: 15. Dual D':n73p^ two party- 
 coloured garments., or joined with 
 V'y:!^., stuff worked on both sides., Judg. 
 
 5:30. 
 J'pi \.to stamp (with the feet,) toex- 
 
 ^npl masc. plur. verbal from npl, . , .- v^^i, c.n + 
 
 .!... '" '' press mdignation, Ezek. b : 11. to 
 
 or seasoning, nplil ]'"' spiced wine^ 
 Cant. 8: 2. --- 
 
 np"l m. verbal from Hp"^, dec. VI. 
 
 that which is seasoned., an ointment, a 
 confection. Ex. 30: 25. 
 npn ni. verbal from Hp^, dec. I. a 
 
 confectionary, apothecary, pigmenta- 
 rius. 1 Sam. 8: 13. Neh. 3: 8. 
 
 dec. I. ointments, perfumes. Is. 57: 9. 
 57'^pl m. verbal from 5>p"^, dec. III. a. 
 in full D^^-drr rpl (Gen. 1: 14, 15, 
 17.) the expanse, i. e. the arch or 
 vault, of heaven, which the ancients 
 
 express joy, Ezek. 25: 6. 
 
 2. to stamp or beat out. See Piel. 
 Hence 
 
 3. to spread out, but only solid bod- 
 ies, as e. g. the earth, Ps. 136 : 6. 
 Is. 42: 5, (here in reference also to 
 
617 r^'dl 
 
 3. prob.fo conquer ^be victorious. {^he 
 Hebrews, regarding every victory 
 and every overthrow as a kind of 
 divine judgment, very naturally as- 
 sociated a righteous cause with victo- 
 ry^ and an unrighteous cau^e with de- 
 feat ; e. g. n^T to he innocent., in Syr. 
 to conquer ; p'lit righteousness and 
 deliverance; comp. Jli'JlTti^ deliver- 
 ance and victory. So here to represent 
 as unrighteous., to conquer.) 1 Sam. 14: 
 47 an(i whithersoever he turned him- 
 self., S?"^'!)*!^ he conquered or zyas vic- 
 torious. Sept. iacuC^To. Vulg. supe- 
 rabat. Others make the primary 
 signification of yuJn to be restless^ to 
 disturb the peace ; here, therefore, 
 to spread disturbance., terrour. 
 
 plants by a zeugma.) 44: 24. (In 
 Syr. to found., establish.) 
 
 4. to tread down. 2 Sam. 22: 43. 
 
 Pi. to beat or hammer out., e. g. 
 metallic plates, Ex. 39: 3. Num. 17: 
 4. [16: 39.] to overlay., (with metal- 
 lic plates,) Is. 40: 19. 
 
 Pu. part, beat or spread into plates. 
 Jer. 10: 9. 
 
 Hiph. i. q. Kal no. 3. to spread out., 
 e. g. the heavens. Job 37: 18. 
 
 Deriv. ^"^p"), and 
 D^'S^pl masc. plur. verbal from 5>j?^, 
 
 dec. I. metallic plates. Num. 17:3. 
 [16: 38.] 
 
 * Pi?.'^, Arab. O*^, to be thin., a root 
 
 not in use. Deriv. p"!, iljv'n, p^p"^. 
 n. pj?n i. q. px ^^ */^^ " F<^^"^^ :?U3"1 (the opposite of p"*^^,) verbal 
 
 only in the fut. Lev. 15: 8. Deriv. adj. from 5?u;^, dec. IV. a. 
 
 tDI poor., see "J3^"). 
 
 "jVtD") ni. dec. I. a grant., permission. 
 
 Ezra 3: 7. (Chald. fi<'a"} <o ^are /?r- 
 mission., to be able ; n^lZJ"! permis- 
 sion.) 
 
 ln*^1 a beginning^ see D^'iD&^l. 
 Qlpl <o note., write down. Dan. 10: 
 21. (Arab. .;i, idem.) 
 
 dtD^ Chald. idem. Fut. d'tD^-; Dan. 
 
 1 . one that has an unrighteous cause, 
 (in law.) Ex. 23: 7. Deut. 25: 1. 
 
 2. guilty., punishable. Gen. 18: 23, 
 25. ^^12^^'^-^ guilty of death., Num. 
 35: 31. 
 
 3. Tsncked., ungodly., and as a subst 
 a wicked or ungodly person. Ps. 1: 1, 
 4. Often spoken of the heathen, as 
 foes of the Israelites, in opposition 
 to D'^^3y the virtuous (Israelitish) suff"* 
 erers^ Ps. 10: 2. comp. 84: 11. 125: 
 3. Comp. 01 civofiov., used for the 
 heathen., 1 Mace. 2 : 44. 3:5. Acts 
 
 2* 23 
 6:^9. Peil D-^^ pass. Dan. 5: 24, 5^,^*^ ^ ^.^^ ^g. ,^.^^^ ^^^^^j ^^^^ 
 
 rij-n, dec. VI. i. 
 
 25. 
 
 ;;tp*) (the opposite of p-ilT.) 
 
 1. to be guilty., to be liable to pun- 
 ishment. Job 9: 29. 10: 7, 15. 
 
 2. to be wicked., to act wickedly. 1 
 K. 8 : 47. Dan. 9:15. Construed 
 with p against a person, Ps. 18 : 
 22. 
 
 1. unrighteousness., injustice., the op- 
 posite of p-i::.^:;-^ ni^iifc^ treas- 
 ures of wickedness., i. e. wealth un- 
 justly acquired, Mic. 6 : 10. '?.t:< 
 5''^! a. false balance., Mic. 6: 11."* 
 
 2. wickedness. Ps. 5: 5. 45: 8. Plur. 
 Job 34: 26 Q'^y'<^'^, nnn on account of 
 wickedness. 
 
 Hiph. 1 . to pronounce guilty., to con- 
 demn., spoken particularly of a judge 
 Ex. 22: 8. Deut. 25: 1. Job 32: 3. n^^'D*) f- verbal from 5>;2:-i, dec. X. 
 Is. 50- 9 T : . ~ '' 
 
 *2. intrans. to be wicked, to act wick- l' ^9: ?^"*- ^,^' ^-^ ,, , , 
 
 edly. 2 Chr. 20: 35, (with ni^D^b.) ^^' wickedness. Is. 9: 17. Mai. 3: 
 22: 3. Job 34: 12. Dan. 12: 10. Tl: \^' 
 
 32 n"^-)l ^V^"}"^ who do wickedly !]lp") m. dec. VI. h. 
 
 against the covenant. \. aflame^ strong heat. (So in 
 
 78 
 
nnn 
 
 618 
 
 nnn 
 
 Chald. Ps. 78 : 48 Targ.) Cant. Pi. to cause to boil Ezek. 24: 5-. 
 
 8 : 6. Pu. to be agitated^ spoken of the 
 
 2. thejlame of Jehovah or the light- bowels. Job 30: 27. 
 ning. Probably Ps. 78: 48. Hence Ps. Hiph. i. q. Pi. Job 41 : 23. [41: 
 
 76: 4 rr^p. "^DUJ*! the lightnings of 31.] (In Syr. and Chald. idem.) 
 the bow^ a poetical expression for nDI m. verbal from nni, dec. VI. 
 the arrow,. So prob. also q-|in ':3 j;^' j^k^. gzek. 24: 5.' 
 Job 5: 7, arrows-, (or else sons of the j,^ ^.^^ ^^^^^ ^ ^^^ , ^^^^^ 
 jtame^ i. e. sparks.j *- ; ' ^ 
 
 Mic. 1: 13. (Comp. nDJl no. 4.) In 
 Arab, to bind a thread about the Jin- 
 ger. Hence 
 Qni m. (fem. in the Kethib of 1 K. 
 
 3. a burning pestilence.^ (comp. il^n 
 heat and poison.) Deut. 32: 24 "^^nb 
 S)l2^n devoured of the burning pesti- 
 lence. Hab. 3: 5, (parall. ^in*?. pesti- 
 lence;) or it may be placed under no. 
 2. lightning. 
 
 Note. On account of Job 5 : 7, 
 where the ancient translators have 
 rendered the word bird^ bird of prey., 
 (comp. Arab. oLuw/> conj. VIII. in 
 
 altum elatus.) sublatus est ;) many crit- 
 ics have made this the primary sig- 
 nification, and have endeavoured to 
 apply it to the other passages ; in op- 
 position to whom, see G. Th. Steger 
 Comment, de Vocabulo V\'^^,. Kil- 
 iae, 1808. and Gesenius' larger Lexi- 
 con, p. 1077. 
 tD 123 1 ^o break in pieces., to destroy. In 
 
 Kal not used. 
 
 Po. idem. Jer. 5: 17. 
 Pu. pass. Mai. 1: 4. 
 
 Dip*! f. with suff. "^nip^., (perhaps 
 strictly an infin. from '^^1 to take 
 into possession., hence to take., catch.,) 
 dec. VI. h. 
 
 1. a net. Ps. 57: 7. 9: 16. 31: 5. 
 Lam. 1: 13. b^' n*i;'l tJ'lS to spread 
 or throw a net over any thing, Ezek. 
 12: 13. 17: 20. 32: 3. 
 
 19: 4.) plur. a"^^n">, dec. VI. 1 K. 
 19: 4, 5. Job 30:" 4. Ps. 120: 4. ac- 
 cording to the Jewish interpreters 
 and Jerome, the juniper-tree ; more 
 
 5 / 
 
 correctly i. q. Arab, i*-^ broom., 
 
 -A 
 {spartium junceum., Linn.) which 
 grows common in the desert parta 
 of Arabia, has yellowish flowers and 
 a bitter root, and can serve, there- 
 fore, only for a very poor nourish- 
 ment, (see Job 30: 4.) Probably so 
 called from its use in binding. See 
 Celsii Hierobot. T. I. Oedmann'a 
 verm. Sammlungen aus der Natuiv 
 kunde. H. n. cap. 8. 
 pni ^0 bind., to chain. In Arab, to bind^ 
 
 shut up., close. 
 
 Niph. prob. in a privative sense, 
 to be unbound., to be loosed. Ecc. 12: 
 6 Keri. The Kethib reads pnn;: it 
 is removed. 
 
 Pu. to be bound., fettered. Nah. 
 3:10. 
 
 Deriv. pin*! and 
 nipn*n fem. plur- verbal from pri'n, 
 
 chains. Is. 40: 19. ^ 
 
 2. net-work., lattice-work. Ex. 27: 4. 
 
 pir)"! m. Ezek. 7 : 23. and Hj'Pin'l fif|-) m. Hos. 13: 1. i. q. DD'l terrour. 
 
 dec. X. IK. 6:21 Keth. a Ihain. ''' j. ^^^ , , .. ^^^^^ 
 Root pn-i. (Aram. I f , nn^j to ternfy ; f^n^n^t 
 
 nn'l to boil terrour.) 
 
Dinir 
 
 19 
 
 ymt) 
 
 The relation of Sin to Samech has 
 l)een already explained under that 
 letter. In this lexicon Sin is every 
 where regarded as a distinct letter 
 froTTTi Shin^ and placed before it ; a 
 circumstance, which must be borne 
 in mind in the looking out of words. 
 In adopting this arrangement, the ex- 
 ample of the Arabic lexicographers 
 has been followed. 
 
 *lb^l23 m. leaven. Ex. 12:15, 19.(Chald. 
 
 ^ilD i dem. In Arab.yN^ med. Vav 
 to rise^ ferment^ spoken of wine, of 
 anger.) 
 D^'Ci m. (strictly an infiti. from t<ip3,) 
 with suff. Tiijip. 
 
 1. a raising (of the countenance,) 
 hence joy. Gen. 4: 7. It is in this case 
 regarded as the opposite of ^b53 
 S"^:?) in verse 6. Others: acceptance^ 
 forgiveness., after Nil?: no. 3. (l.) (a.) 
 
 2. a rising.^ swelling., on the skin. 
 Lev. 13:2, 10,19. 
 
 3. exaltation., dignity. Gen. 49 : 3. 
 Job 13: 11. 
 
 4. a judicial sentence., fcomp. Jl^^ 
 no. 4. and Ni25: no. 1. (6.) to pro- 
 nounce.) Hab. 1 : 7. Others : arro- 
 gance. 
 
 "rtyQ m. dec. II. c. i. q. nss^. 1 K. 
 
 7: 1 7. Root "^^D to weave. 
 m!DM fem- of ^ntp, dec. X. 
 
 ' 1. a net. Job 18:8. 
 
 2. a lattice^ lattice-work. 2 K. 1:2. 
 1 K.7: 18,20, 41. With such lattice- 
 work the chapiters of the pillars 
 were overspread. 
 fi<i!2i23 the sambuca.,see ^^1D!2&. 
 
 Cn*;!: Num. 32: 3. and Jl^niD verse 
 38. Josh. 13: 19. Is. 16: 8, 9. proper 
 
 name of a city in the tribe of Reur 
 ben, abounding in vines. 
 
 :pn"i} and ^_n\D. . 
 
 1 . to be satisfied., satiated^ filled ; 
 strictly with food, (comp. mn to be 
 
 satisfied with drink^) but sometimes 
 also in reference to drink. Am. 4: 8. 
 and spoken of the earth or trees, 
 Prov.30:16. Ps. 104:16. The thing 
 with which a person is satisfied is 
 put in the accus. e. g. Dlnb ^iil} to be 
 satisfied with bread., Ex. 16: 12. Job 
 27: 14. Ecc. 5: 9. or is preceded by 
 JT:, Prov. 14:14. 18:20. by 3, Ps. 
 65: 5. or is expressed by b before an 
 infin. Ecc. 1: 8. Metaphorically to be 
 satisfied or filled vf'iih reproach. Lam. 
 3:30. Hab. 2: 11. with contempt, 
 Ps. 123:3. with adversity, Ps. 88: 4. 
 Sometimes in reference to affluence 
 and its occasioning pride, Prov. 30: 9 
 lest I be full and deny God. Hos.l3:6. 
 
 2. to be tired., weary., disgusted., 
 (with any thing.) Is. 1: 11. Job 7: 4. 
 Prov. 25: 17. D^a^ ^ITIJ to be full of 
 days, 1 Chr. 23: 1. 2Chr. 24: 15. 
 
 Fi. to satisfy. Ezek. 7:19. Con- 
 strued with a double accus. of the 
 person and thing, Ps.90: 14. 
 
 Hiph.io satisfy. ?s. 1 07:9.Construed 
 with a double accus. of the person 
 and thing, Ps.81: 17. 132:15.withp of 
 the thing, Ezek. 32 : 4. with 2, *Ps. 
 103: 5. Once with b of the person, 
 Ps. 145:16. Trop.Ps.91:16. 
 ^'2p m. verbal adj. from ^iiJ, dec- 
 
 V. a. 
 
 1. full., satisfied. Prov. 27:7. 1 Sam. 
 2:5. 
 
 2. full., tired., weary (of any thing.) 
 'D'^J^I 'J^^full of days, Gen. 35:29. 
 Job 42: 17. also simply i'iiu in the 
 same sense, Gen. 25: 8. 
 
D:\to 
 
 620 
 
 ii;r) 
 
 3. rich or abounding in any thing. 
 jiiS"! yitj n'c/i m (God's) grace. 
 Deut. 33:23. Job 14: 1. 10: 15. 
 )5?D^ m.verbal from ^^^^satieiy. hence 
 
 r r " '' 
 
 abundance, plenty. Prov. 3: 10. Gen. 
 41:29ff. 
 ^ZW m. verbal from i>n'^, dec. VI. p. 
 
 1. satiety. rauJb <o satiety, to the 
 
 full, Ex. 16:3. 
 
 2. fullness. Ps. 16: 11. 
 
 TiTyi^ f. Ezek. 16 : 49. and ^5?^^ 
 
 3. to be high, incomprehensible, in- 
 conceivable. Fs. \S9:Q. 
 
 4. to be protected, to be safe. Prov. 
 18: 10. (Comp. i^^D.) 
 
 Pi. to raise up, but only in a figur- 
 ative sense, (like Niph. no. 4.) to 
 protect, defend. Ps. 20:2. 69: 30. 91: 
 14. Construed with ]X;, to defend 
 from any one, Ps. 59:2. 107: 41. 
 
 Pu. pass, to be protected, to be safe, 
 Prov. 29: 25. 
 
 Hiph. intrans. to be exalted. Job 
 36: 22. 
 
 f. Ruth 2:18. verbals from ynTlJ,dec. ^X^ i- q- ^-^^ and n^iI5. Found only 
 X. fullness, satiety. n^^^b tl satie- j^ py^ y^.^^ ^^ ^^^^^^ togrow.\9.11:U. 
 ty,tothefull,ls.2S:lS. Ezek. 39:19. ^^^ ^^ become great, to grow, i. q. 
 nD^p to observe, view, construed with J^^^ j^^ g. ^ ^j p^ ^g. ^^ 
 
 s/Neh. 2: 13, 15. (in Chald. 'ino Hjph^ ^^ make great, to increase. Ps. 
 
 i. q. Heb. 'j"'2.) 73: 12. 
 
 Pi. 1. to wait. Ruth 1: 13. j^^^-^ j ^er^^l f ^^^^ ^^^^^ j^b 
 
 2. to hope. Est. 9: 1. Construed ^ - "'^ 
 with ^^5 and b of the person, Ps.l04: 36: 26. 37: 23. 
 
 27. 119: 166.'(So in Aram, in Pe. i^\^'^ Chald. 1. great. Dan. 2: 31. 
 
 an<i Pa.) 2. mwc/t, many. Dan. 2: 48. 4: 9. 
 
 3. perhaps to praise, to announce 3 ^s an adv. very, valde. Dan. 2 : 
 
 with praise. Ts. 38: 18. i. q. !b^ r=^ ^^' ^'^' 
 
 in Syr. The second signification, II'^^j ^0""^ only in Pi. to harrow. Is, 
 
 however, applies very well. 28:24. Job 39: 10. Hos. 10: 11. 
 
 lDi23 or nn^ m. found only with ;-j^*;j5 m. plur. niiiip , const, always 
 
 suff. ^'nntJ, verbal from '^nto , dec. I'-j^, dec. IX. b. 
 
 VI. g. /tojye. Ps. 119: 116. 146: 5. 
 i^^to i- q- Aram. M5p <o become great, 
 
 to grow. See n^^. Found only in 
 
 Hiph. to make great, to exalt. Job 12: 
 
 23. 36: 24. 
 J^ytD Chald. idem. Ezra 4 : 22. 
 
 Ja^^ "jilD^bUJ may your peace be 
 great, a form of salutation, Dan. 6: 
 26. 
 2X3 i. q. D^^n, but (excepting Deut. 
 
 2: 36.) used only in poetry. ' 
 
 1. to rise, mount. Job 5: 11. 
 
 2. to be high, (see Niph.) Hence 
 spoken of a city, to be fast,strong, in- 
 vincible, Deut. 2: 36. 
 
 Niph. 1. to be high. Prov. 18: 11. 
 2. to be exalted, spoken of God. 
 Ps. 148:13. Is. 2: 11. 
 
 1. a field, a piece of cultivated 
 ground. Gen. 23: 17. 47 : 20, 24. In 
 opposition to a garden or vineyard, 
 Ex. 22:4. Num. 20: 17. 
 
 2. afield generally; e. g. n^H 
 rt'l.ton the wild beasts of the field. 
 Is. 43: 20. Ti'lp UJ^N a man living in 
 thejield, a hunter. Gen. 25: 27. 
 
 3. a country, territory, like the 
 Lat. ager. Gen. 14: 7 "^p.^.'^^J^ S^*?.^ 
 the territory of the Jimnlekites. Gen. 
 32: 3. Ruth 1:6. 
 
 4. D1fi<-ni^ i. q. D'^^^."T2S the 
 plain of Syria, i. e. Mesopotamia. 
 Hos. 12: 13. 
 
 ^^'ito poetically for JTlil) afield. Ps. 8: 
 
 8^ 50: 11. 80: 14. etc. That it is the 
 singular, and not the ancient plural 
 form with "^^ for D"-., is shown by 
 
nro) 
 
 621 
 
 uiti 
 
 Ps. 96:12. In Arabic the termination bulare^ i. q. Arab. r^\.^ med. Je. 
 Cp_^is the usual one for the Heb. Comp. the subst. n^UJ no. 3. 
 M-. "Q^^^ or D'^'tD i- q- ^^"*^ ^0 income <o 
 
 n'^'^iffl in full D^^ten pB? tfee ^ie of ^^^ ^^.^^ p^ ^^^ ^ 'j^^^.^ j^,^^^^ 
 
 Siddim^ which afterwards became tD'^DD. 
 
 the Dead sea. Gen. 14:3, 8, 18. ^^,^ to'hedge in, to hedge round. (See 
 
 Tni'"^ f. dec. X. i. q. ^^^^ an order, f - - - - ~ ^ . 
 
 row ; of soldiers, 2 K. U: 8, 15. of 
 chambers, 1 K. 6: 9. 
 
 XW com. gen. (for n^ilJ, like ns for 
 n;:c,) const. nil3, with suff. V^^J and 
 rinit: (from n^.U),) prim, irreg. one 
 o/" the smaller cattle, a sheep or goat, 
 the nomen unitatis corresponding to 
 'JM'^ ma// car^/e, q. v. Gen. 22: 7, 8. 
 30: 32. Ex. 12 : 3 if. Sometimes de- 
 fined more accurately, Deut. 14: 4 
 D'^Ty nipi D'^stJD nil? a sheep anda 
 
 goat. The same relation exists be- ^^-^ ^^ '* d^'c. I. Judg. 9 : 49. and 
 tween the words n^^ 07ie of the lar- ' ^^. . . ^ , x . ^ 
 ^er cattle, and -^p^2 /ar^e ca/e col- tllDI^ f- dec. X. Judg. 9 : 48. ver- 
 lectiyely. bals froiifi ^ni!3, a hough, branch. 
 
 in'^D m. (with Kamets impure, like (^.j^^j^ ^,^ ^^^ ^^^ g^^.^ f^^ 
 
 the Aramean participle,) dec. VII. a. ^-^gy^^ \ 
 
 atoe.OnceJobl6:19 (inChaW. ^-Ya' propei- name of a city in the 
 
 and byr. with 0, tdem.) Hence ' ,. t. K . ., i- , , . , , 
 
 .,..^-,;, r- c J r'KM <..,.- pla'n o' '" tf O' Judah. Josh. 
 
 itm iHffl f. Syr. and Chald. (esttmony. i^^^ ^^ p^^^ ^^.^ p,^^^ Antigonus 
 
 Gen. 31: 47. Sochaeus obtained his surname. 
 
 tD'^D"^niD masc. plur. small ornaments t3TJ3 and D'^'iS} , fut. D^tp^, apoc. Dip; , 
 
 in the form of a half moon, worn on D^'l, once d'lil); (Ex. 4: 11.) imper. 
 
 the neck by men and women, also d'^^i'^fi"- absol.' diia, const. tDit;, 
 
 the kindred forms Jl'lD and ^DD no. 
 II.) Job 1:10 't1?.5 nS^ip i/tow hedgest 
 him round about, i. e. thou protectest 
 him. The same phrase also denotes 
 to hedge in, to give no way of escape, 
 (comp. mn,) Job 3: 23. 38: 8. Hos. 
 2: 8. [2: 6.]' 
 
 Pil. *^5TtJ to twist, weave. Job 10: 
 11 "i^i^iiin d'l'^"':^) ni:r?2 out of 
 hones and muscles hast thou woven me; 
 comp. Ps. 139: 13. 
 
 Deriv. out of course nd^iD?^ and 
 n^n^Utt; C9(mp. ^D^no. II.' 
 
 by camels. Judg. 8: 21, 26. Is. 3: 18. 
 Sept. ^irivhiiov. Vulg. lunulas. In A- 
 ram. iX^inO the moon, (see nriD.) ]1 
 is the termination of diminutives, as 
 
 in 'jTli'^N. 
 ^S'O to have gray hairs, see D*'"^. 
 
 rarely U^^ (Job 20 : 4.) 
 
 1. to set, place, put, in any man- 
 ner. The following are the phrases 
 most worthy of notice ; (l.) to ar- 
 range (an army.) Job 1:17. Josh. 8: 
 2, 13. also intrans. (or by an ellipsis 
 of the accus. Jl^tlD aciem,) to set them- 
 
 ^inV^D dec. VI. i. q. !Tdb thick branches, *^^^* ^'" hattle-a^ay, 1 K. 20: 12. E- 
 )v ^ ' zek. 23: 24. (comp. m Hiph. Ezek. 
 
 21: 21. [21: 16.]) 1 Sam.l5:2 DtJ 'im 
 ^'n'l^ ib when he arrayed himself 
 
 a thicket. 2 Sam. 18: 9. See ^SD. 
 y\l^ i. q. aiD to turn back. Only in 
 Niph. 2 Sam. 1 : 22, where several 
 MSS. and editions read it with D. 
 
 '^^12^ to white'Wash,to plaster, see'^^lHj, 
 
 nVtU found only Gen. 24: 63. i. q. n^^D 
 here to meditate, (Vulg. ad meditan- 
 dum,) or else to walk, wander, obam- 
 
 against him in the way. The verbs 
 ^n^ (see no. 2.) and D^'^ are used 
 in a similar elliptical manner. (2.) 
 to ordain, establish. Gen. 47: 26. Ex. 
 21: 13. (3.) to appoint. Hos. 2 : 2, 
 [1: 11.] Construed with two accus. 1 
 Sam. 8:1. or with b of the predicate, 
 
aito 
 
 622 
 
 \r)iia 
 
 Gen. 45: 9. Ex. 2: 14. Construed with 
 "b^ of the thing, to place or appoitit 
 over any thing, Ex. 1: 11. 5: 14. (4.) 
 to lay upon a person ; construed 
 with b^ of the person, Ex. 5: 8. 22: 
 24. with 2, Deut. 7: 15. Also to im- 
 pute or charge to a person, construed 
 with ^, Deut. 22:14, 17. with a, 1 
 Sam. 22 : 15. Job 4 : 18. with V^, 
 Judg. 9 : 24. (5.) to put on (a gar- 
 ment.) Ruth 3 : 3. (6.) to place (a 
 surety.) Job 17:3. (7.) b UX DVj: 
 to give a name to a person. Dan. 1: 
 7. comp. Judg. 8: 31. Neh. 9: 7. 
 Comp. in Chald. Dan. 5:12. (8.) 
 lIQTp C3^U) to put one^s name in a 
 place, i. e. to fix his dwelling there, 
 spoken of Jehovah. Deut. 12: 5,21. 
 14: 24 fij i?2'i; t^Ttjb to let his name 
 dwell there. 1 K. 9 : 3. 1 1: 36. 2 K. 
 21 : 4. Synonymous with T73p ]Z'<D 
 Deut. 12: 11. 26: 2. (9.) D"*;": U^iD 
 to beget children. Ezra 10: 44.^(10.) 
 S "^.-.Tfi^ja D^tu fo instruct a person 
 about my thing. Ex. 17:14. (11.) 
 ib u2ltZ; to attend.^ consider., ani- 
 mum advertere. Is. 41: 22. Hag. 2: 
 15, 18. Without nb., idem, Is. 41: 20, 
 Job 34: 23. Judg 19: 30. See a simi- 
 lar ellipsis under ]^Dri no. 4. The 
 thing attended to is preceded by b^?. 
 Job 1:8. by bi$, Ex. 9: 21. by J, 
 Deut. 32: 46. Ezek. 40:4. by 2, Job 
 23: 6. (12.) nb: b? C^iD to 'lay to 
 heart. Is. 57: 1, 11. Also with bN. 2 
 Sam. 13:33. with 2, 1 Sam. 21 :*i3. 
 In the same sense b ib finUJ 1 Sam. 
 9: 20. Elliptically Ps. 50:23 ^yi^ D^ 
 scil. Tab by who lay his way to heart. 
 (13.) ib b? D^tJ also to purpose.^ re- 
 solve. Dan. 1 : 8. Mai. 2 : 2.. (14.) 
 tD'^jS tZDTil) to direct one^s face., see 
 under D"^: no. l.(l.) to (3.) (15.) 
 b^ Y.'^ uD^iD to direct one'^s eye to 
 any one, see l^y no. 1. (5.) (16.) 
 used absolutely, to heap up. Job 36: 
 13 the wicked V\ii T^iip^ heap up 
 (God's) wrath. 
 
 2. to make., i. q. in: no. 3. Gen. 4: 
 15. 6:16. nnriN lDI^ to perform 
 miracles, Ex. 10: 2. Ps. 78: 43. Par- 
 ticularly to make into any thing, 
 
 (like Tld^7]^i in Homer,) construed 
 with two accus. Ps. 39: 9. Josh. 8. 
 
 28. with ^ of the predicate. Gen. 
 21:13, 18. or with 3, to make as., 
 Gen. 32: 13. 1 K. 19 : 2. The con- 
 struction is peculiar in Is. 25 : 2 
 b^b "T^^T?. ^Vp;Q I will make the city 
 an heap. 
 
 3. to give ; e. g. honour. Josh. 7: 
 19. Is. 42: 12. peace. Num. 6: 26. 
 To give or show favour. Is. 47: 6. 
 Synonymous with "jn:. 
 
 Hiph. i. q. Kal, found only in the 
 imper. "^tofipn Ezek. 21:21. [21:16.] 
 and the part. D'^iDT: Job 4: 20. 
 
 Hoph. only Gen. 24 : 33 Keri. 
 (See Dp^) 
 
 Deriv. n73itjn. 
 DVilD Chald. to set, put, place. Particu- 
 larly (l.) to appoint. Ezra 5 : 14. 
 (2.) to issue (an edict.) Dan. 3: 10, 
 
 29. 4: 3. [4: 6.] Ezra 4 : 19 ff. (3.) 
 b^' D5;t3 C^iu to regard. Dan. 3: 15. 
 (4.) b ba 2^iD to be concerned for a 
 person. Dan. 6: 13. (5.) ^"^r DUJ D^tJ 
 
 D to name a person. Dan. 5: 1 2. 
 I< IV^T i. q. ^^0 to turn away, to de- 
 part. Hos. 9: 12. 
 IL iVilrf I. ({.'^'y'^ to exercise dominio7i, 
 to ride. Fut. nUJ^T Judg. 9: 22. 
 
 Hiph. *^'^t5Ti to appoint princes. 
 Hos. 8: 4. Comp. also Jl'lip^. 
 
 III. iVJrf i. q. J^^^ to contend, strug- 
 gle. Hos. 12: 5. Fut. ^t^^i. 
 
 IV. iVt} to saw, 1. q. Chald. ^&3. 
 Fut. ^iy*l 1 Chr. 20: 3. See -li^^. 
 
 niTii: f. Is. 28: 25. see MltD. 
 pnfii: see pntC. 
 
 t3V"ffl and iD'^tD, fut. ir'^Tp;, once to^to; 
 (Is. 35: 1.) imper. 'iD'^^X^ infin. absol. 
 t:Ti2J, const. tJ^lU;, to rejoice. Job 3 : 
 22. Construed with b^", Deut. 28: 
 63. 30: 9. with a. Is. 65: 19. Ps. 
 119: 14. iliST'a il3^^ to rejoice in 
 Jehovah, Ps. 40: 17. 70: 5. Constru- 
 ed with an accus. Is. 36: 1 D^tJiD^ 
 they ^ shall rejoice for thern, i.e. for 
 
pnirj 
 
 62:$ 
 
 fjti: 
 
 the divine judgments mentioned in 2. sport Prov. 10: 23. 
 
 the preceding chapter. -j^jj piur. iz^-^^'D transgressions, Hos. 
 
 .. ^^^^^- ^^^^^' r^^?- 5V2. i. q. a^qo Ps. 101 : 3. Root 
 
 nilp m. dec. I. a thought. Amos 4: 13. t3lJU. 
 
 Root. n"ip to meditate. 
 T\T\'Q to swim. Is. 26: 11. 
 
 Hiph. io 7nake to swim, a hyper- 
 bolical expression for to moisten. Ps. 
 6: 7. 
 ^nO f- (Milel, a segolated form for 
 inilJ,) a swimming. Ezek. 47: 6. 
 
 pintaseepnt?. 
 
 Dri ill} <o pre^jy, to press out. Gen. 40: 
 11. (In Chald. Dnp zc/em.) 
 
 Hti'iC, fut. apoc. t:'i):.. 
 
 1 . to deviate from a way. (in Aram. 
 i^Dp i(iew.) Prov. 4: 15. 
 
 2. <o be unfaithful, spoken of a 
 married woman. Num. 5: 12. Some- 
 times with the addition '^"^i^,^ riHn 
 Num. 5:19,20, 29. for nHn^ ; comp. 
 Ezek. 23: 5, with Hos. 4: 12. 
 
 DM, fut. C3bU3% i. q. ]D-i?, (comp, 
 
 the letter tD, p.336.)to hate, persecute. 
 Gen. 27: 41. 60: 15. Job 16: 9. 30:21. 
 
 PTVsD i- q. pn^? ^"t more frequent. "JlDIIS to be hostile, to oppose, persecute. 
 1. to laugh, smile. Ecc. 3: 4. Con- (Aram, with D, Arab, with /w idem.) 
 
 strued with bN, io smile on a person, 
 Job 29 : 24. with \, to laugh at, to 
 deride, particularly what is weak 
 und cannot hurt us, Job 6: 22. 39: 
 7, 18, 22. 41: 21. Ps. 2: 4. with b?, 
 in the same sense, Ps. 52: 8. Job 
 SO: 1. 
 
 2. i. q. Pi. no. 3. Judg. 16: 27. 
 
 Pi. p^nto, fut. pnpv 
 
 1. to mock, deride. Jer. 15: 17. 
 
 2. to play, sport, spoken e. g. of 
 children, Zech. 8: 5. of animals in 
 the sea, Ps. 104: 26. comp. Job 40: 
 20, 29. [41: 5.] 2 Sam. 2: 14 let the 
 young men arise, ^3'^:Db ^prt;^"'T and 
 play, 1. e. contend, before us. 
 
 3. to dance, with vocal and in- 
 strumental music, the constant ac- 
 companiment of dancing in the east. 
 Judg. 16: 25. 1 Sam. 18:7. 2 Sam. 
 6:5,21- lChr.l3:8. 16: 29. Hence 
 Jer. 30: 19 D''pnu:72 bip the voice of 
 dancers. 31: 4 Q'^p.n^TD bin7:2 in 
 the dance of the dancers. Prov. S: 30, 
 31. 
 
 Hiph. to deride, construed with 
 b?. 2 Chr. 30: 10. 
 Deriv. pripjq and 
 
 ti'Tl'^ and pints m. verbal from 
 
 pHto. 
 
 1. a laughing- Job 8: 21. 
 
 2. an object of laughter or derision. 
 Job 12: 4. Jer. 20: 7. 
 
 Ps. 38: 21. 109: 4. 71: 13. 109: 20, 
 29. 
 
 p'l^ verbal from "JttUJ. 
 
 1. an adversary, opponent. (Arab, 
 
 (jU2.^;X/ idem.) E. g. in war, 1 K. 
 4: 18. [5: 4.] 11:14,23, 25. 1 Sam. 
 29 : 4. before a court, Ps. 109 : 6. 
 (comp. Zech. 3: 1, 2.) and generally 
 one that obstructs another^s way, 2 
 Sam. 19: 23. Num. 22: 22 the angel 
 of Jehovah placed himself in the way 
 ib 'Jt^irb to resist him, verse 32. 
 
 2. with the article 1'0^'n the ad- 
 versary by way of eminence,5'atow,aQ 
 evil angel, according to the later the- 
 logical views of the Jews, who ex- 
 cites men to evil, (1 Chr. 12:1. comp. 
 2 Sam. 24: 1.) and accuses and ca- 
 lumniates them before God, Zech. 3: 
 1,2. Job 1: 7.^ 2: 2 ff.^Comp. Rev. 
 12: 10 6 nccTrjyoDQ T(av adiXqiMV 
 i^fj.ojv, 6 aarrjyoQMv auzMv ivojniov 
 Tou S^eou 7]^io)v '^f-iigag ^al vvuxog. 
 The article (which fails only 1 Chr. 
 12: 1.) shews that the appellative is 
 used here xaz:' l'S,oyi^riv, and makes 
 it almost a proper name. So b^aJI 
 the Ood Baal, ^m, "^^Sil, ial^v3 
 It is in violation of the prin- 
 ciples of grammar, criticism and her- 
 meneutics, that some read in Job 
 
n^to 624 15\!2 
 
 jDiy, and render it mgiodevTtjg^ a Construed with 2, Ps. 105: 2. Comp. 
 
 traveller, ^.s if from DViJ. tl^^- 
 
 ta.>A;M r 1- 1 r* -a;,* 4. <o stffh, lament. Ps. 55:18. Job 
 
 n3li23 f- verbal from IUti?. . . , ^ ' 
 
 T ; 1.11. 
 
 1. an accusation. Ezra 4:6. Note. These various significations 
 
 2. proper name of a well, so call- are all united in the synonymous 
 ed from a contention of Isaac with word rr^tl q. v. 
 
 the Philistines. Gen. 26: 21. Pi]. j^'ri-i^ (q meditate. Ps. 143: 5. 
 
 Ji^*^to m. dec. X. height, greatness., ex- ^s. 53: 8. where others apply the 
 
 . , significations of Kal no. 2. and no. 4. 
 
 cellency. Job 20:6. Synonymous with Deriv. niU and 
 
 j=it), nNuJ. Root Ni2:5. . * "" 
 
 , ^. , "', "^ ^ , ^r 1. n"'"iD m. verbal from n"vy, dec. I. 
 
 nfi^^W another name oi mount Her- - 
 
 ' 1 . speech.) discourse. 2 K. 9: 1 1 . 
 
 mon. Deut. 4:48. 2. a lamentation, complaint. Job 
 
 ^I'lto to have gray hairs. 1 Sam. 12: 2. 7: 13. 9: 27. 21:4. 23: 2. Ps. 142:3. 
 
 (In Syr. and Arab, with / j::^ idem.) 1 Sam. 1:16. . , . . 
 
 V r ^ .r .^ xr^'^ 3. 1 K. 18 : 27 lb rT^i25 Ae w m 
 
 Part. SUJ Job 15: 10. Hence d^ep thought, or he ha's business. So 
 
 n^to m. dec. I. (l K. 14: 4.) and the Hebrew interpreters, (comp. 
 
 'n'l^'t!} f. dec. X. verbals from ^''ip. 
 
 'n^T verbum, res.) Others : he has 
 a journey, comp. n^iu. 
 
 1. the sray ^ain (of an old man.) jy i t,:-, i ,.,.,t-,*;H j i 
 Gen.42:38. 44:29,31.^nn^ip ^^^i II- H'^ m. plur. D^n-^^ , dec. I. a 
 a man of gray hairs, Deut. 32: 25. plant, shrub, bush. Gen. 2:^5. 21: 15. 
 
 2. old age. Gen. 15: 15. 25: 8. By Job 30: 4, 7. (Aram. tj^TiX) tamaris- 
 a metonymy, a person in advanced ^^^^ v 
 
 i/ear5, Ruth. 4: 15. / 
 
 fc^Ui, J . , 1 1/ iQ tirr^a^ fem. of n'^iU no. I. a thoughty 
 
 ^^Ij^ m. a departure, journey. IK. 18: ''*; T - * ' 
 
 ' ^ . , ^. .. , 7 ... ^. ^i subject of pious meditation. Ps. 119: 
 
 27. Comp. Arab, pw abitio et ad- g^^'g^/j^^ 15: 4bti ^3eb Hn^^ pi- 
 
 ventus, from ^Vx Untxore gradu in. ^^^ meditation on God, (parall./ear 
 
 cessit; or Chald. In^p iwces^ii i. q. of God ;) or prayer to God, comp. 
 
 rrbn, hence t^^H^^O inc'essus. ^^^ "^' ^* ^ 
 
 _ .'" ' .;= , ^ ,. , D'^iD io joui, ;)/ace, see, DVd). 
 
 ^^^ iocorer wtrnwrne, to /?/a5fer.\, Arab. .. 
 
 with r CO ic^m.) Deut. 27: 2, 4. T^ - P^"'' ^'''?^' ^"'^"^ ^'^"^ "^^^ 
 
 . <-^ ^ ,. , . no. II. dec. VIII. b. a </iorn. Num.33: 
 
 *7^1i2 m. /me, plaster, wmte-uash, to 5- ^ 
 
 spread over walls. Deut. 27: 2, 4. 55. (Arab. ^ \^ a thorn.) 
 ' Is. 33: 12. This sense suits also Am. ^^ m. verbal from ^St) no. II. dec. 
 
 2: 1. comp. Is. 33: 12. VIII. d. a hedge. Lam.^2:6. 
 
 H'^iD 1-^0 meditate, particularly on re- ^^"^l^^ f. verbal from ^DtJ no. II. dec- 
 
 ligious subjects. Ps.77:47. Construed X.' a sharp instrument, a dart, liter, 
 
 with 2 about a thing, Ps. 119: 15, a thorn, good. Job 40 : 31. [41: 7.1 
 23, 27,48, 78, 148. Ps. 77: 13. .^>^^:; 
 
 2. to speak to or ac/ofres* a person; (Arab. d<i j^j a goad, a pointed m- 
 construed with i:, Job 12 : 8. with strumeni.) 
 
 an accus. Prov. el 22 ^tn-^iljr) it s/iaZ/ "^piS m. i. q. rT'S^^ thought, under- 
 ialk with thee. Construed with 2, to standing, heart, (from Chald. fi5D to 
 speak about a person, Ps. 69: 13. regard, corisider.) Job 38: 36. Comp. 
 
 3. to sing, comp. the Lat. medita- nint: p. 248. Others: a meteor, an 
 ri carmen. Judg. 5: 10. Ps. 145 : 5. appearance in the air, see p. 248. 
 
^30 
 
 625 
 
 ^5to 
 
 n^^wD f.dec. X. a sight, picture. Is. 2. 
 U nrDm ni^^tr-bs cZi pleasant 
 sights. It appears to be a general 
 expression embracing all the pre- 
 ceding particulars inverses 13 16. 
 Targ. costly palaces. 
 
 I'^Sto m. a knife. Prov. 23 : 2. (In 
 
 Chald. and Arab, idem.) 
 "T^iDt} m. verbal from ^i^ip, dec. III. 
 
 a. a hireling, a day labourer. Ex.22: 14. 
 Lev. 19: 13. Is. 16: 14 m three years 
 'T'^U} ''P.pS as the years of an hire- 
 ling, i. e. exactly at this time, as the 
 labourer is exact about the time for 
 which he is hired. 
 ll^i'iD f verbal from l^ip, a hiring. 
 
 Is. 7: 20 rs'l'^lsiari 'nyn a hired razor, 
 noreacula conductionis. 
 
 I. 'n^n) i- q. ^5 5 no. I. to cover. Ex. 
 33: 22. 
 
 II. 'n^te ^- <! 15^ "^- ^^- ^"^ 1^^ ^^ 
 ze?ca7je, ^o hedge. Deriv. ^ip, ^il7, 
 
 7l3to ^<> oc< wisely, prudently. Once 1 
 
 Sam. 18:30. (In Arab. bS'iJ <o iwier- 
 weave, intrans. to be interwoven, in- 
 tricate ; hence b^.t? cunning.) 
 
 Pi. to interweave, to cross. (See 
 Kal according to its Arabic significa- 
 tion.^ Gen. 48: 14 r^"^-ni< !:5tU ac- 
 cording to the ancient versions, he 
 laid his hand crosswise. According to 
 the Hebrew usage, it would be he 
 laid his hand wisely, i. e. carefully, 
 or wittingly. 
 
 Hiph. 1. to look at. Gen. 3: 6 
 
 b'^3U;nb V^'n "l^nai and the tree was 
 
 desirable to look at. Vulg. aspectu de- 
 
 lectabile. (In Chald. bSrjDM idem. 
 
 Oo^t * ~ * 
 
 Arab. A^^^/brm, appearance.) 
 
 2. to consider, to attend to ; con- 
 strued with an accus. Deut. 32: 29. 
 Ps. 64 : 10. with h", Prov. 16 : 20. 
 with Vi<, Neh. 8 : 13. Ps. 41 : 2 
 ^"5 bfiC -"^^^^ ^c that considereth or 
 regardeth the poor. Also with 3, Dan. 
 9: 13. 
 
 79 
 
 3. to have understanding, to he or 
 become wise or intelligent. Ps. 2: 10. 
 94: 8. Construed with 2, Dan. 1: 4. 
 comp.verse 1 7. Also to conduct wisely, 
 Jer. 20: 11. 23: 5. Part. b"3u57: iwwe, 
 intelligent, Prov. 10: 5. hence reli- 
 gious, pious, Ps. 14: 2. Dan. 11: 33, 
 35. 12: 3, 10. (Comp. D^n, TiJZ^n.) 
 Infin. i)''3ip^: Jer. 3: 15. and bsto 
 Prov. 1: 3. 21: 16. as a subst. wis- 
 dom, understanding. 
 
 4. i. q. n'^b^^rr to prosper (in an 
 undertaking.) Josh. 1:7, 8. 2 K. 
 18: 7. Is. 52: 13. Jer. 10: 21. Prov. 
 17: 8. Also the two latter signifi- 
 cations causatively ; hence 
 
 5. to make wise, to instruct. Ps. 32: 
 8. Construed with two accus. Dan. 
 9: 22. with b of the person, Prov. 
 21:11. 
 
 6. to cause to prosper. 1 K. 2: 3. 
 Part, b'^su:^ used substantively a 
 
 song, poem, Ps. 47: 8. and in the su- 
 perscriptions of 13 Psalms, (viz. 
 XXXII. xLii. Lii. Liii. Liv. etc.) Prob- 
 ably derived from the Arabic signi- 
 fication of the root, (see Kal,) to be 
 interwoven, intricate, in the deriva- 
 tives also figuratum esse, (comp. 
 M'!}'^n ;) and the participial form ac- 
 quires here an abstract signification, 
 like "T^alD^ fulness, nTlUJ^a destruc- 
 tion. According to strict Hebrew 
 usage, it would denote knowledge^ 
 
 oe 
 
 hence poetry, (comp. Arab, r^^ 
 
 knowledge, poetry,) the poets in an- 
 tiquity being wise men and pre- 
 servers of knowledge. 
 
 7lDi23 Chald. Ithpa. to consider, con- 
 strued with 2. Dan. 7: 8. 
 
 Vpi22 and ^pp m. with suflf. ^b^ip, 
 verbal from bsuJ, dec. VI. g. 
 
 1. understanding, intelligence. 1 
 Chr. 22: 12. 26: 14. SID pp.t) good 
 understanding, Prov. 13: 15. Ps. Ill: 
 10. 2 Chr. 30: 22. b?.^ d^ti to give 
 the understanding or sense of any 
 thing, Neh. 8: 8. 
 
 2. craft, cunning. Dan. 8: 25. 
 
 3. prosperity. Prov. 3: 4. 
 
m'^ 
 
 626 
 
 nt!ii3 
 
 T]^hy^ f. i. q. n^^q folly. Ecc. 1: 
 
 17. Several MSS. and editions read 
 it with D. 
 ^Sn^lD*!} f.ChaU. understanding. Dan. 
 
 bill, 12. 
 *^5to, fut. "ibto":, <o /iire. Gen. 30: 16. 
 JE.^g. soldiers, 2 Sam. 10: 6. Partic- 
 ularly to bribe, Neh. 6: 12, 13. 13: 
 2. 2 K. 7: 6. 
 
 Niph. io let one'^s self for hire. 1 
 Sam. 2: 5. 
 
 Hithpa. idem. Hagg. 1: 6. 
 
 Deriv. out of course "^"^^'f, 
 
 1^123 m. verbal from 'n^'^i ^^^c. IV. a. 
 " "l. hire. Ex. 22: 15 N^n l^rJ^IJ DN 
 ^'^^ipi iXa 2/" Ae {the ozvner) was 
 a hireling, and brought it for hire. 
 
 2. wages, reward, (of a labourer.) 
 Gen. 30: 28, 32. Deut. 15: 18. Also 
 a reward generally, Gen. 15: 1. 
 
 l^iD m. verbal from n5'f , dec. VI. a 
 
 reward. Prov. 11: 18. Is. 19:10 after 
 the usual reading "^p^^j "'ipi^ they that 
 earn wages. It would be more ac- 
 cordant with the parallel clause to 
 read ^^^ q. v. 
 "kld^ m. plur. "'iVip, dec. VI. /. a 
 
 ""quail. Ex. 16: 13. Num. 11: 31, 32. 
 Ps. 105: 40 Keth. where the Keri 
 c / c / 
 
 reads T*!:'!?. (Arab. l^%^ idem, 
 
 from /Juw io be fat, whence the 
 
 quail goes in Arabic by other names 
 denotingya<we55.) On the multitude 
 of quails in Arabia, see Diod. Sic. I. 
 p. 38 ed. Rhodom. Sept. ogTvyofAf']- 
 TQ<x. Vulg. coturnix. See Bocharti 
 Hieroz. II. p. 92. Faber zu Har- 
 mer's Beobachtungen iib. d. Orient, 
 Th. 2. p. 441. Niebuhr's Beschr. v. 
 Arabien, p. 176. 
 
 51^1^123 by transposition for Sl^ttip a 
 garment. Ex. 22: 8. Mic. 2: 8. 
 
 h^li^ or ^IXtJia m. dec. I. 
 
 1." the left side.^ikl^'^ i:2> to the 
 left. Gen. 24 : 49. ^fi<:a^73 on the 
 left^ 1 K. 7: 49. 2Cbr.4: 8. and with 
 
 a genitive or dative following, Gen. 
 
 48: 13. b^T2^ and bi^72ian (used 
 adverbially in the accus.) towards 
 the left. Gen. 13: 9. Deut. 5: 32. 
 Hence bfi^^p-^^ the left hand, liter. 
 the hand of the left side, Judg. .3: 21. 
 Ezek. 39: 3. 
 
 2. without T', the left hand. Gen. 
 48: 14. Cant. 2: 6. 8: 3. 
 
 3. the north. Job 23: 9. Gen. 14: 
 15 pip73'lb bt<72\p72 on the north of 
 Damascus. (In Arab. DJ^'^D Jj^ the 
 
 country on the left, i. e. Syria, in op- 
 position to "j^i"* i*}"*-^ ^^^ country on 
 
 the right, i. e. Yemen or Arabia. 
 Comp. ]''72^.) Hence the denom. 
 verb in 
 
 Hiph. b''fi<u)n, b'^J^iqipn (1 Chr. 
 
 12: 2.) and b"*73^i;n (2 Sam. 14: 19.) 
 
 1 . to turn one'^s self to the left. Gen. 
 13: 9. Is. 30: 21. 
 
 2. to be left-handed, to use the left 
 hand. 1 Chr. 12: 2. , 
 
 "^bi^t^ and " bp"^, fern. n'^-.,denom. \ 
 
 adj. from !:N;:2\p, left, situated on the 
 left, sinister. 1 K. 7 : 21. 2 K. 11 : 
 11. 
 HM and nly-^, fut. nJ2^^^, to be joy- 
 ful, to rejoice ; construed with 2 of 
 the thing, 1 Sam. 2: 1. Ps. 122: 1. 
 with Vj, Is. 9: 16. [9: 17.] 39: 2. 
 Jon. 4: 6. with ]?3, Prov. 5: 18, 
 (where, however, several MSS. read 
 2.) innn"^? n7?i!5 to rejoice in Jehovah, 
 Ps. 9:3. 32: IL 97: 12. 104: 34. 
 Construed with r it expresses a ma- 
 licious joy, or a rejoicing in the ca- 
 lamities of others, (like 2 HK-J,) Ps. 
 35: 19, 24. 38: 17. Is. 14: 8." Mic. 
 7: 8. (comp. however Amos 6: 13.) 
 Jli?l^ "'jDr n^"If to rejoice before Je- 
 hovah, in reference to the sacrificial 
 feasts in the temple, Lev. 23 : 40. 
 Deut. 12:7,12,18. 14:26. Is.9:2. [9:3.] 
 
 Pi. n73'.p to gladden, to make joy^ j 
 ful, to make to rejoice. Deut. 24: 5. ^ 
 Prov. 27:11. When the joy arises 
 from the misfortunes of others, con- 
 strued with ^, Ps. 30: 2. with l:^, 
 
l^3tD 
 
 627 
 
 ^>^t3 
 
 Lam. 2: 17. with ^^, 2 Chr. 20: 27. 
 Hiph. i. q. Pi. Ps. 89: 43. 
 n'Q"^: m. verbal adj. from n^^, dec. 
 
 V. a. and f. joyful^ rejoicing. Deut. 
 16: 15. etc. Plur. const, once "'n^/^ 
 Ps. 35: 26 elsewhere "'n^JU;. 
 nn^';:: f. verbal from n^aipV^ec. XII. 
 
 bV * 
 
 1- joy, rejoicing. nn!^ia iH^t) 
 ?lbl14 <o rejoice greatly .f 1 K. 1: 40. 
 Jon. 4: 6. 
 
 2. festivity .^ mirth. Prov. 21 : 17 
 ?in72i 2nN he that loves festivity. 
 rrn73'2J n'^y ^o ma/:e feasts.^ Neh. 
 8: 12'. 12: 21.^2 Chr. 30: 23. 
 
 3. a loud shout.) a joyful acclama- 
 tion. Neh. 12: 43. Gen. 31 : 27. 2 
 Chr. 23: 1 8. 29: 30. 
 
 niD*^/3 w f. CI mattress^ covering. Judg. 
 4: 18. Root '^'20 (with 0, as some 
 MSS. read it here ;) Comp. Syr. 
 l-liiniS) a couch, sofa. 
 
 biyC, see under b^tT^. 
 
 V^"il} sinister, see "^Vj^^nlJ. 
 
 nV^^ f- dec. XII. b. a garment, for 
 * 
 
 men and women, (Deut. 22: 5.) par- 
 ticularly the broad robe of the orien- 
 talist, Gen. 9: 23. 1 Sam. 21 : 10. 
 which served him also for his bed- 
 covering, Deut. 22: 17. 
 il'^'QM (for which several MSS. read 
 n^ttTZ'iJ,) a poisonous species of liz- 
 ard. Prov. 30: 28. Sept. x ?Mpanv?. 
 Vulg. stellio. (In Arab. Dt\',!J -\jww a 
 
 poisonous lizard with spots like the 
 
 leprosy, from p^**' and ***' to poi- 
 son.) See Bocharti Hieroz. T. II. p. 
 1084. 
 i^30, fut. n:u)":, infin. nii:^. 
 "^1. <o /iaie, construed with an ac- 
 cus. and with ^. Deut. 4: 42. 19: 4. 
 Part. N:ii2: a hater, an enemy, Ps. 35: 
 19. 38:' 20. 
 
 2. when used in opposition to ^tlfi<, 
 merely comparatively, to love less^ to 
 
 slight, (laSlfiJ signifying to love more^ 
 to prefer.) Deut. 21 : 15 ff. comp. 
 Matt. 6: 24. Luke 14: 26. 
 Niph. pass. Prov. 14: 17. 
 Pi. found only in the part. NiUJtt 
 an enemy, Ps. 55: 13. 68: 2. 
 l^DiS Chald. to hate. Part. i<3U) an en- 
 emy, Dan. 4: 16. [4: 19.] 
 fM'lD f. dec. X. 1. strictly infin. of 
 
 N*3t:. Deut. 1:27. 
 
 2. hatred. rr:'-]^% ni<3to ^^2t) to 
 
 T : T : X 
 
 hate exceedingly, 2 Sam. 13: 15. comp. 
 Ps. 139:22. Ps. 25: 19. 
 *^^jtj according to Deut. 3 : 9. name 
 
 of a ridge of mountains among the 
 Amorites,usuallycalledHermon.(See 
 'Ji72-)ri.)ln other passages(l Chr.5:23. 
 Cant.4:8.) it is used in a more re- 
 stricted sense and distinguished from 
 Hermon ; comp. Ezek. 27: 5. The 
 name is still preserved among the 
 Arabians, and its appellative signifi- 
 
 cation, (comp.jQ^^ lorica,) is the 
 same as that of ]T*'^'JJ, which ac- 
 cording to Deut. 3: 9. is the name 
 of the same mountain among the Si- 
 donians. 
 iS'^S^iJ^'JD masc. plur. dec. I. i. q. 
 
 t^-^sy^jip thoughts, (concerning the 
 insertion of n, see under the article 
 ^., p.587.) Job 20:2. 4:13 in thoughts 
 of nightly visions, i. e. in dreams; 
 comp. Dan. 2: 29, 30. 
 '^^^''0 m. dec. III. a. 
 
 1. hairy, rough. Gen. 27: 11, 23. 
 
 2. a buck, he-goat. Lev. 4: 24. 16: 
 9. as an object of idolatrous worship, 
 (like the practice of the Egyptians,) 
 Lev. 17 : 7. 2 Chr. 11 : 15. Fem. 
 
 3. Is. 13: 21. 34: 14. I=5^^^i>to in- 
 habitants of impassible deserts, 
 which dance and call to each other, 
 perhaps,according to the popular be- 
 lief, wild men in the form of he-goats, 
 like the Grecian satyrs. The Arabi- 
 ans had such fabulous monsters in 
 abundance; (see Bocharti Hieroz. IL 
 
r)5?ia 
 
 628 
 
 nsi} 
 
 844.) They speak also of the voices ^y-^ m. verbal from ^^^, dec. VI. c. 
 
 :L7thI H^ern4*SepTt: ^^^ -^eW. W;oV. iob ,8:20. 
 
 f^^^/^' 2. i. q. ^5;D a siorm, tempest. Is. 
 
 4. plur. a"t-)"'5j;p showers. Deut. 28-2 
 
 32: 2. Comp. ^5?U5" to shudder. 3^' hair, as if the const, state of 
 
 *^*>^lii proper name of a mountainous *i^*^. Is. 7: 20. 
 
 country on the south of Palestine '^^'l^ m. const. 1^^, with suif. T^:^t5, 
 
 and the Dead sea. Esau is said to '^ " i^ ^ r^^ ^ ..'J j^^ iv u / 
 t 1 u k^ rr '^o . Q QQ. verbal from ^^_^, dec. iV. b. hair. 
 have dwelt here, (,Gen. 32 : 3. 33: .o o ^r r A ^ ^ i 
 14, 16.) and Josephus (Antiq. 1. 19.) Lev. 13: 3 ff. for the most part col- 
 derives Seir from lips', the hairy, (see lectively, (as m Arab.) Vs'2 UJ-^i< 
 the art. Ito?. According to other no- '^V^ hairy or rough man, 2 K. 1: 
 tices, it was originally inhabited by 8. comp. Gen. 25: 25. See n^yt5 . 
 Horites, (Gen. 14: 6. Deut. 2: 12.) -^jj'^ chald. idem. Dan. 3: 27, 7: 9* 
 among whom occurs a leader or head . 
 
 of a tribe named n^S^'UJ (Gen. 36:20- Tl'lVJlf f i. q- iri^J^^D ^em;)e5^ Job 9: 
 
 30.) These Horites were driven out J^^ 'Nah- 1-3 
 
 by the descendants of Esau,who in af- - f. verbal from ISil), dec. XII. 
 
 ter times dwelt m this region, Deut. ' Ir..^ --r ' 
 2: 4 ff. 2 Chr. 20: 10. As an appella- 
 
 tive "^'^yvp denotes Aairy, hence per- 
 haps "jooody, which would be a very 
 suitable name for this country. Comp. 
 
 M^^^;uj no. 2. 
 
 n*T^5^tI3 1- fern, of 'n-'S^ip , dec. X. a 
 
 she-goat. Lev. 4: 23. 5: 6. 
 
 2. name of an unknoAvn place, 
 perhaps a wood or mountain, to 
 which Ehud fled. Judg. 3: 26. 
 I^ID i. q. Greek qgiaoco, c^qIxtm. 
 
 1. to shudder, shiver, from fear, 
 alarm. Ezek. 27:35. Jer.2: 12. Con- 
 strued with ^^for a thing, Ezek.32: 
 10. Construed with an accus. to fear, 
 reverence, g)QiGoa) tivk, Deut. 32: 17. 
 
 1. q. ^^0 to rage, roar, 
 
 assail 
 
 -joith violence. Ps. 58: 10 ^S'^.W it 
 {the storm) assails him with violence. 
 
 e. a hair, i. q. "^^l^. (Arab, a single 
 hair.) Judg. 20: 16 rTn^^ilJrt b^? at a 
 hair. Used collectively, Job 4: 15. 1 
 Sam. 14: 45. Plur. Ps. 40: 13. 69 : 5. 
 nii?ta f. (masc. Is. 28 : 25.?) verbal 
 from^^t), dec. X. barley, so called 
 from the roughness of its ears. (Comp. 
 n73&S spelt, from tDD5.) In the sin- 
 gular spoken of the plant as it grows, 
 Job 31:40. Joel 1:11. 
 
 Plur. CD'^n'yip spoken of the 
 grain, see rttsn. -D'^"5'3>u; "nTpn a 
 homer of barley, Lev. 27: 16. ri5''i< 
 D'-j'3>U3 an ephah of barley, Ruth 2: 
 17. t3*^^.':>t3 ^"^itp barley harvest^ 
 Ruth 1: 22. This last example fur- 
 nishes no exception to the usual dis- 
 tinction between the singular and 
 the plural. 
 
 2. to stand on end, spoken of hair, l^]^';^ f. dual tlD Vt!^^? const. ''nSU) 
 
 to be rough, bristly, horrere. Deriv. 
 
 -l-ijj.j 
 
 ^"^-t; , "i5?Tij , n^yip , 
 
 n'lis^ip. (Arab, r^ to be hairy.) 
 
 Niph. to rage, be tempestuous. Ps. 
 50: 3. 
 
 Pi. to carry away in a storm. Job 
 27:21. 
 
 Hithpa. to storm, to rage like a 
 storm, Dan. 11: 40. comp. ^5?D Hab. 
 3: 14. 
 
 with suff. 1''nsip, plur. only in the 
 const, state niDDip, as if from JirBtJ. 
 prim, irreg. 
 
 1. a lip. tD'^d^^ "'^''^ ^ "^^^ ^f 
 lips, a babbler. Job Vl: 2. D^nsiL^ 'nil 
 babbling, idle talk, 2 K. 18:20. Prov. 
 13: 23. comp. Prov. 10: 8. Lev. 5: 4. 
 Ps. 106: 33. Trop. (1.) speech, words; 
 e. g. 1p/p ^nst) lying lips, i. e. 
 false words, Prov.' 10: 18. Ps. 120: 2. 
 
p^ 
 
 629 
 
 5nte 
 
 3''j:5^^ a'^nstJ burning lips^ i. e. 
 warm professions of friendship, Pro v. 
 26: 23. Ps. 81:6 'ny'l^ ^^ '^'^V 
 Viy^^, the speech of one thai I knew not 
 I heard. Ezek. 36:3. {2.) a language^ 
 dialect. Gen. 11: 1 ff. Is. 19: 18. 33: 
 19 riD^ "^JPTsy of an unintelligible Ian- 
 guage^ barbarians. 
 
 2. a border., e. g. of a vessel, 1 K. 7: 
 26. of a garment, Ex. 28: 32. of a 
 
 for pilgrims. (Comp. Rev. 6: 12.) Is. 
 
 3: 23 pip n-).:\ri75 a hairy girdle. 
 
 2. a bag made of coarse or hair 
 cloth. Gen. 42 : 25, 27, 35. Lev. 11: 
 32. 
 
 3. a mourning garment made of 
 coarse or hair cloth. Gen. 37: 34. 2 
 Sam. 3: 31. Est. 4: 1. Joel 1: 8. Jon. 
 3: 6. As the dress of a prophet, Is. 
 20: 2. 
 
 river, the sea. Gen. 22: 17. 41:3. of 'IPlD found only Lam. 1: 14. in Niph. 
 
 a country, Judg. 7:22. 
 n^lU , found only in Pi. HSip Is. 3:17. 
 
 to make bald., (the head,) particular- 
 ly to cause the hair to fall off by sick- 
 ness. Comp. rirtSD. 
 iDDto m- dec. IV. a. the beard., perhaps 
 the whole chin; comp. "JpT. 2 Sam. 
 19:25 i^Dt; ntJ^ nV he had not 
 trimmed his beard. acU^Jn b?, nN H'CS> 
 to cover the beard or chin^ as an ex- 
 pression of sorrow, Lev. 13: 45. E- 
 zek. 24:17, 22. Mic. 3: 7. 
 
 according to the Hebrew interpre- 
 ters, to be fastened or bound. Chald. 
 aggravatum est. The Sept. Vulg. read 
 
 '^pj^ found only in Pi. Is. 3 : 16 
 &')3*'2J n^1pu:tt ogling or winking 
 with their eyes. (Chald. ^jDp to look 
 on., n^sn^D circumspectatrix.") Sept. 
 tv v(Vf.iaacv oqd^(x\f.iwv. Others : 
 fucantes oculos., (comp. Chald. nj?0 
 to paint,) but not so well suited to 
 the context. 
 
 jS^^D to cover, hide, conceal, i. q. 1BD >^'^ m. plur. tZl'^'lt^ fem. rt^^ q. 
 
 and 1D52. Deut. 33: 19D''3^72D "^SDU) 
 the most hidden treasures. Vu\g. thesauri 
 absconditi. 
 
 I. p)iD i- q. pBO to cZa;? (the hands.) 
 
 Job 27: 23 according to several MSS. 
 Hiph. Is. 2 : 6 tzi^'n^: ^tib^S 
 ?ip's2^2 plaudunt filiis peregrinorum, 
 or dextras jungunt peregrinis ; comp. 
 in Arab. \JiXiM to shake hands, as in 
 a covenant or bargain. 
 
 II. ^^^ Syr. -ai0 to suffice. 1 K. 
 20: 10. See pco. 
 
 pS'l2 m. the stroke or chastisement (of 
 
 God.) Job 36: 18. See ptO Job 34: 
 26. 
 
 tl^ m. with suflf. ^p^, plur. D^ptJ, dec. 
 
 vm. h. ' " 
 
 1. coarse, particularly hair cloth. 
 (In Ethiop. a hairy garment of the ^"y;^ to interweave. (Chald. and Syr. 
 
 verbal from -^^\p, dec. VIII. k. 
 
 1. a captain, commander, chief 
 e. g. of the body-guard. Gen. 37: 36. 
 of the cup-bearers, 40 : 9. "n^ 
 fi^liEn the commander of the host, 21: 
 22: "r.p!^ '''7.^ the overseers of the 
 herds. Gen. 47: 6. '^''^'5^ "lip the 
 commander of the city, prcefectus ur- 
 bis, 1 K. 22: 26. 
 
 2. a chief, prince, courtier. Gen. 
 12: 15. 
 
 3. according to the theological 
 views of the later Jews, an archan- 
 gel, one of the seven principal an- 
 gels which surround the throne of 
 God and act as patrons of particular 
 nations in the heavenly court, ol in- 
 za uyyiXoi, o'l tvianiov rov {^lov 
 loTfiTiccai, (Rev. 8: 2.) Dan. 10: 13, 
 20. 
 
 pilgrims and eastern monks, a coarse 
 tent-covering, coarse linen generally.) 
 So the Greek auKog, accxnog, cilici- 
 um; and ^accw in Jerome, a garment 
 
 :\^p idem, at least in the derivatives.) 
 Comp. "^^n^. 
 
 Pu. to be interwoven. Job 40: 17. 
 
rrito 630 ^y^ 
 
 Hithpa. to he interwoven, to he fast- birth, (ri'llDb^ Cant. 6: 8.) 1 K. 11:3. 
 7ied.h'dm. 1: \4. 2. Sarah, 'a proper name, see 
 
 Deriv. to""^^^!!}. ''^p- 
 
 1^"^ to escape, Jlee, (after a general ^^y^ m. a shoe-latchet, a string which 
 overthrow.) Josh. 10: 20. (Arab, and fastened the sandal to the foot. Gen. 
 Syr. irfem.) Deriv. -1"-)'I2. 14: 23. Is. 5: 27. Root rr^'^ 
 
 )-^' 
 
 to 
 
 <Ti23 m. found only in the phrase weave. 
 n^^ '"1^3 Ex. 31:10. 35: 19. 39:1, ^''Pi'^TJ? masc. plur. dec. X. noble 
 
 41. according to most of the ancient shoots or tendrils of the vine. Is. 16: 
 
 versions, clothes of service or oJUce. 8. See p^lii;. 
 
 Sept. Ex. 39: 1 arokal hirougycaal. t:)-]-J3io make an incision (in the body.) 
 
 Comp. the phrase subjoined to the f^ 21- ^i 
 
 three last passages "j; "I jv 2 m'JJb to at- u . \. i. ^ > i^fu^ 
 
 ^ ^ * - -^ : Niph. to tear or hurt one^s self (by 
 
 serve in the sanctuary. They were lifting.\ Zech. 12: 3. 
 
 distinct, however, from i/ie /io/y ;e"ar- -^^; j in ao j -,*a;,h r 
 
 , f\.^: ^_ ', \ D u 1 f^ U itD m. Lev. 19: 28. and riunJ f- 
 
 tmnts, (*I^^pn ^15Z.) Perhaps better: .' v .^ 
 
 party-coloured garments, comp. the ^.1' 5- verbals from Dn'iJ, an incision 
 Samar. HT^UJ a party-coloured gar- y"^ the body.) 
 wcn^. "^IID Sarai, the proper name of the 
 '1"1G m. Is. 44: 13. according to Kim- ^^ife of Abraham. On occasion of 
 chi, red earth. According to the the promise to her of a numerous 
 5 ' posterity, this name was changed in- 
 Arab. o\j**> an awl, here perhaps to nnip (Gen. 17: 15.) without doubt 
 ^ f 1,11 ill the sense oi princess. Various ex- 
 a pointed mstrument with which the pianations of the former name have 
 workman marked out the form of ^een attempted, but to very little 
 the image on the rough block. purpose, see Gesenius larger Lexi- 
 
 I. IniX to contend, struggle with a con, p. 1309. The point of the pas- 
 person ; construed with Qy, Gen. sage in Genesis is undoubtedly this, 
 32: 28. with nj<, Hos. 12: 4.* (Arab. that a more suitable and significant 
 t .., ^^, ". , X ^1 c J. ' name was substituted lor one which 
 ly^conj. III. idem.) The fut. is ^as less appropriate or had no mean- 
 formed from n^ U5 no. III. ing at all. 
 
 II. ni\D i. q- "l!P and "i^^ ^0. II. D'^^^'lp masc. plur. (with Kamets 
 to rule. Deriv. JiniUa. Here be- impure,) dec. I. vine-branches. Gen. 
 longs, according to Vhe common in- 40:10,12. Joel 1: 7. Root :^y^ to 
 terpretation, the part. fem. n-^rii interweave. 
 
 Is. 28:25 ?T\iin nan triticum prin- 1"^^^ m. verbal from ^^ilJ, dec. III. 
 cipale, i.e. egregium, bonum. Better a. one surviving or escaping (after a 
 perhaps : fat wheat ; comp. the general overthrow,) i.q. D"*^. Num. 
 Arab. A^j^tobefat. Others make 21:35.24:19. Deut. 3: 3. '^Josh. 8: 
 it a substantive denoting a particu- f ' ^^^ collectiTely, Is. 1: 9 Judg 
 lar species of grain. Others make it &: 13. Spoken of things, that which 
 an error of the transcribers, arising '^^ m, JoD .JU. ^i. 
 from the following word n^^is^UJ, p*^")'^ combed, verbal adj. from 
 since the ancient versions omit it. plip q* v. 
 
 nite, fem. of 'l^iP, dec. X. '!]l'";!3 i. q- :*t^'^ to interweave, make 
 
 1 ;?rmce55. Judg. 5: 29. Est. 1: intricate. 
 18. Is. 49: 23. Also spoken of con- Pi- Jer.2: 23 a swift camel ny^^^'n 
 
 ubines of the first rank and noble Sl'^^'^'? that makes her ways intricate.^ 
 
PjT^ 
 
 631 
 
 niia 
 
 i. e. that runs wild with the desire 
 of copulation. (In Arab. fS^Ji) to 
 
 run wild from sexual desire^ spoken 
 of animals.) 
 Deriv. ^T^tJ. 
 ^'yi2^ to stretch out, to stretch forth. 
 
 Part. pass. 5^"!'IJ having a member 
 preternaturally large, Lev. 21 : 18. 
 22: 23. 
 
 Hithpa. to stretch oner's self out. Is. 
 28: 20. 
 
 C*^S?")'J3 masc. plur. dec. X. thoughts. 
 Ps. 94: 19. 139: 23. Comp. D*^?"':?u; ; 
 and on the insertion of n, see under 
 that letter. 
 
 t|"l"kI3, fut. P]T4J\ 1. to hum, e. g. cit- 
 ies, houses, altars. Is. 1: 7. Lev. 4: 
 
 21. 8: 17. 9: 11. Josh. 11 : 9. and 
 often with the addition of UJNa in 
 the fire. Used also in reference to ^^ 
 
 2: 11. 6: 17. Matt. 28: 3.) But q^tl 
 signifies to burn, not to shine ; 
 and the splendour referred to 
 (^113) is common to all the divine 
 messengers. The more probable 
 derivation, therefore, is from the 
 Arab. (^ ^Xu to be noble, excellent, 
 
 (whence <wX>-mJ a prince, a noble ;) 
 
 hence liter, nobles or princes, comp. 
 'Ip no. 3. 
 
 nSTiD f (with Tseri impure,) verbal 
 
 from ?)*nii:, dec. X. 
 
 1. a burning, conflagration. Gen. 
 11: 3. Lev. 10:6. J19"1UJ nn aburnt, 
 desolate mountain, Jer. 51: 25. Par- 
 ticularly the solemn burning of a 
 corpse, 2 Chr. 16: 14. 21: 19. 
 
 2. matter to be burnt, fuel for the 
 fire. Is. 9: 4. 64: 10. 
 
 the burning and other funeral rites 1"^? ^' ^^'^^' hatchel,e.g. flax. (Syr. 
 
 of a dead body, Jer. 34: 5. 
 
 2. to burn (bricks.) Gen. 11: 3. 
 
 Niph. pass, to be burned. Lev. 4 : 
 12. 
 
 Pu. pass, to be burned. Lev. 10: 
 16. 
 
 Deriv. tlS^^^D, ns^^'Da. 
 
 I. 5]'n'i23 m. dec. IV. a. a species of poi- 
 sonous serpent. Num. 21: 8. Deut. 
 8:5. With the addition of u;n2, 
 Num. 21: 6. ?lS)to qn^I3 a flying 
 serpent, draco volans. Is. 14: 29. 30: 6. 
 It is usually collated with the 
 Greek nQtjGTf^g, xuvgcdp, a species 
 of serpent so named from its bur- 
 ning breath ; but the ideas heat and 
 poison are connected in several oth- 
 er words. Comp. n^n, Pi"2J"i.. See 
 
 Bocharti Hieroz. T.'lII. p. 221. ed. p"l"J2 m. plur. ^ ,>.-, 
 ^*P" reddish, fox-coloured, spoken of hor- 
 
 II. Cl")"2 found only in the plur. ses. Zech. 1:8. (In Arab, by trans- 
 
 D^D.t? Is. 6: 2, 6. a kind of angel or position ^f a reddish horse, hav^ 
 
 archangel, wi^th 6 wings, and a voice ^^^^ { ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^ -^ ^ 
 
 with which they praise God. Ac- ., , i - , 
 
 cording to Kimchi, ^'JJ-^^Stb^ fiery 'l"? ^^ ^^^'^ doimmon, to bear rule, 
 
 angels, perhaps with reference to Part. "T^tJ Est. 1: 22. Fut. ntj; Is. 
 
 the shining fiery appearance of such 32:1. Prov. 8 : 16. Synonymous 
 
 celestial beings, (Ezek. 1: 13. 2 K. with -nt; no. IL 
 
 and Chald. idem.) Hence Is. 19 
 nip''-)ip W^rj'Zq combed flax. 
 p'ltS m.* * Is. 5:'2. Jer. 2: 21. npnt) 
 
 f. Gen. 49: 11. 
 
 1. a choice species of vine, the 
 grapes of which, as the Jewish com- 
 mentators say, have very small and 
 scarcely perceptible stones, and 
 which at this day is called serki in 
 Morocco. Pers. kishmis. See Nie- 
 buhr's Reisebeschr. Th. 2. p. 169. 
 Beschr. von Arabien, p. 147. Root 
 
 9 
 
 prob. Syr. .^fW to empty out ; hence 
 
 |.j..ifix) einpty. See tD'^jv^i'^t). 
 
 2. name of a valley between As- 
 calon and Gaza, prob. so called from 
 its producing this vine. Judg.l6: 4. 
 
 npnu:, dec. VIIL d 
 

 
 632 
 
 3 
 
 Hithpa. to make one's self a ruler, Qp,'^ i. q. ^^^ ^^ ^^ or shut up. 
 construed with bi'. Num. 16: 13. - - '^ ^ 
 
 Deriv. ^iD n^UJ. Lam. 3: 8 Tl^Sn tDnt5 he stoppeth 
 
 jVlD'll} m. const. fVu^, verbal from ^ my prayer, that it may not reach 
 lr\yh, (with the signification of t^to,) ^1^ J ^^^"^P- ^^^^^ 44. 
 dec. III. ^.joy,gladness,nsu9\\y join- '^T)}^ < c/crrae, 5p/i^ 
 ed with nn^ip. Is.22: 13. 35: 10. 51: ^iph. to be split, to break out, (spo- 
 
 3, 11. pUJip 17?U? oil of joy, where- ken of the to^^O^.) 1 Sam. 5 : 9. 
 with guests were anointed, Ps. 45: Comp. ^Us, 
 8. Is. 61:3. 
 
 Shin, usually reckoned together 
 with Sin as the 21st letter of the al- 
 phabet, and as a numerical sign de- 
 noting 300. 
 
 The name yp i. q. "J*:: a tooth, is 
 derived from the pronged form of 
 the letter in all the ancient Shemit- 
 ish alphabets. 
 
 There are three letters in Arabic 
 which correspond to the Hebrew 
 Shin more or less; (l.) most fre- 
 quently fjjj, e. g. Cir*^ Arab. 
 5 > X 
 j*^U peace. (2.) more rarely {J^? 
 
 e. g. tl2'^ Arab. (jam.aa/ the sun. In 
 both of these cases the Shin is retain- 
 ed in Aram.(3.) <^, e. g. ?^:72UJ Arab. 
 
 {*)WS eight ; ^^.u3 Arab. '^'^^ snow. 
 In this case the Aramean dialects 
 have n, (..1.^2, '^STqn ei^/it ; ^m, 
 
 {.y^^:^ 5Ho:ii;. Sometimes, but more 
 rarely, <^ is found in Arabic, e. g. 
 *ni*iJ Arab, o fo 6reaA: in pieces. 
 In the Hebrew itself, comp. u3^n 
 and n^n ;fCf^rr6i/,T::T^2 and ni^3 
 a fir-tree. (4.) There are some ex- 
 amples in which the same Hebrew 
 word with *:; has two corresponding 
 Arahic words ; (a.) nb"^ a dart, in 
 
 Arabic written with ^jj^ and (J^ 
 (b.) bj^'vD to weigh, in Arab, with 
 
 5c 
 
 (J^ and Cl^. (c.) D-i?5 Arab. |^*^t>-> 
 
 5 ^c ^ 
 
 ^ c i 
 
 (i)Um*^^ (jUA2>.feorfy._Onthe 
 contrary b^12 to rule, (prob. in Ara- 
 bic with Sin,) is a different root from 
 i'UJTS Arab. V^^ Syr. hrrn to he like. A 
 
 From nos. 2, 3. flow (5.) the ex- 
 amples where 'ii is interchanged 
 with T and y ; e. g. b^UJ Arab. 
 
 5 c > 5 ^ > 
 
 ^_yj^ a <mi/ ; UJ^.'l Arab. C>a=3p 
 a no6/e /iooe ; UJ72n Rabbin. i<2735in 
 inguen. Perhaps also there is some 
 cognation between Tl'^j"^, heat and 
 
 ;i^*i a coal ; t'^"-^ and y2n to break 
 in pieces. 
 t!3 , more rarely -d (Judg. 5: 7. Cant, 
 "l: 7. Job 19: 29.) and ti (Ecc. 2:22. 
 3: 18.) i. q. ^'2;iNt (of which it is a 
 contraction, by omitting N at the 
 beginning, see p. 2. and assimilating 
 the '^ to the following letter, see p. 
 587.) but found only in later Hebrew, 
 and in the poetic style, e. g. Judg. 
 5: 7. 
 
 1 . a relative pronoun, who, whichy 
 what. Ecc. 1: 11. Cant. 1: 7. 3: 1,2, 
 3. '^"3 i. q. 1'4?^53 as, (liter, secun- 
 dum id quod,) Ecc. 5: 14. 
 
ni^tT) 
 
 633 
 
 tDi^D 
 
 2. merely a sign of relation, nota 
 relationis ; e. g. DUJ-UJ whither^ Ecc. 
 1: 7. Ps. 122: 4. ' ' 
 
 3. with h, following, it makes a 
 periphrasis of the sign of the geni- 
 tive case. Cant. 3:7 n73b*i3r>p int2D 
 the sedan of Solomon^ liter, his sedan^ 
 which (belonged) to Solomon, or Sol- 
 omon^s his sedan, 1: 6 "''^UJ '*?3'15 my 
 vineyard. (Comp. ^^N no. 3.) This 
 pleonastic use of the suffix belongs 
 to the Aramean style. 
 
 4. as a conj. (l.) that, ut, quod. 
 Job 19 : 29. Ecc. 1:17. 2 : 24. 
 UJ 135^3 scarcely that, Cant. 3 : 4. 
 UJ-^? until that, Judg. 5 : 7. ri72Vi3 
 Zc5<, <Aai noi, Cant. 1 : 7. See p. 344. 
 (2.) because. Cant. 1 : 6. (3.) for. 
 Cant. 5: 2. 
 
 Sfi^ti, fut. i^lU:^<, to draw, haurio. Gen. 
 
 24:11,13 jQf. Josh.9:21, 23,27. Is.l2:2. 
 (In Chald. idem.) Deriv, D'^a^u:^. 
 
 !^K12i, fut. ifi^uj-i . 
 
 1. to roar ; spoken strictly of the 
 lion, Judg. 14: 5. Ps. 104 : 21. Job 
 37:4. comp. Am. 1 : 2. Joel 4: 16. 
 [3: 16.] of savage enemies, Ps. 74: 4. 
 
 2. to groan, spoken of a person 
 in extreme pain. Ps. 38: 9. 
 
 Ti^^ip f- const.n^^.^, verbal from aJl'*^, 
 
 dec' XL d. 
 
 1. the roaring (of a lion.) Is. 5:29. 
 
 2. a groan, groaning, (of one in 
 distress.) Job 3: 24. Ps. 22: 2. 32: 3. 
 
 tlND and fi^iiD (the former only is 
 
 T T 
 
 used as a verb, and that rarely, but 
 both are important on account of 
 their derivatives.) 
 
 1. to make a noise, tumult, spok- 
 en of water, of a crowd of peo- 
 ple and the like, (see j|ii<'*^, nu;;) 
 to shout, (see p^ttj ;) to crash, (see 
 (nifi;rn ;) hence spoken of a storm, 
 (see HNri? a storm, tempest.) 
 
 2. to be destroyed with noise or 
 crashing. Is. 6: 11 at the beginning. 
 
 3. to be laid waste. Deriv. JriMiyJ, 
 rtJJi\D73, Dfi^'ilJ desqlation, more rare- 
 
 lyV^^i; 
 
 80 
 
 Niph. 1. to make a noise or tumult, 
 spoken of waters. Is. 17: 12, 13. 
 
 2. to be laid waste, spoken of a 
 country. Is. 6:11 at the end. 
 
 Hiph. to lay waste. Infin. n'iMUJrtb 
 Is. 37:26. nViJS-jb (without i<) 2 k! 
 19. 25 Keth. * 
 
 Hithpa. Mi^nUlfn to gaze or won- 
 der at, construed with b. Gen. 24: 
 21. (The i4eas astonishment and des- 
 olation are united also in the word 
 QQTb q. V.) Sept. yMTcci.i(xv&avM. 
 Vulg. contemplor, 
 
 riw^te see rivvrd. 
 
 T 
 
 m^^lD Prov. 1: 27 Keth. i. q. l^iKVi:. 
 
 ^iK'd, 7i^ti com. gen. (Is. 14 : 9.. 
 Jer. 5: 14. Job 26:6.) the lower worldy 
 the region of ghosts, the orcus or ha- 
 des of the Hebrews; in which thick 
 darkness reigns, (Job 10: 21, 22.) 
 and where all men after death live 
 as ghosts (I^^;B^ q. v.) without 
 thought or sensation. To it are at- 
 tributed valleys (Prov. 9 : 18.) and 
 gates(ls.38:10.) The wicked descend 
 into it by the openings in the earth. 
 (Num. 16: 30 ff.) The etymology is 
 uncertain. Usually collated with 
 the Arab. Jl-iCi med. Je to go down. 
 
 wards, to sink ; but the examples, 
 (in Scheidius ad Cant. Hiskiae, p. 21 
 ff.) prove merely the signification 
 to settle, spoken of a sediment ; which 
 lies too remote. 
 llfi^tD m. verbal from n&{'^,dec.III.a. 
 
 1. noise, tumult ; of waters, Ps. 65: 
 8. of a calling or shouting, Jer. 25 : 
 31. Ps. 74: 23. Particularly the bus- 
 tle or tumult of a multitude of peo- 
 ple. Is. 5: 14. 13: 4. 24: 8. of war, 
 Am. 2: 2. Hos. 10: 14. Jer. 48: 45 
 'JT&j'i3 "Jja tumultuous warriors. 
 
 2. destruction. Ps. 40: 3 "jIN'^j ^13 
 pit of destruction. Jer. 46: 18. 
 
 136^123 m. (with Kamets impure^) ver- 
 
 bal fromCTiJ, dec. I. contempt. Wiih 
 suff. ^t:5<;D Ezek. 25 : 6. tJi^UJa 
 tt/B2 with contempt of soul, (for every 
 thjjjig about them,) i. e. with arro--' 
 
:?j^d 634 :m 
 
 gance, cumfastu^ 36: 5. comp. 25: 7. to beg, to ask alms. Prov. 20:4. 
 
 15. Comp. Pi. 
 
 ln^K"d f. verbal from Tti^'^, a crash. Is. ^iph- <o ask J'or one's self, (like 
 
 QA.'iq ^' the Greek a/TOi'iMfc, mi/ii/)do, dif- 
 
 24:1/. ferent from amoj.) 1 Sam. 20: 6,28. 
 
 7^9 and ^>5Ip , fut. b^Jt^ Neh. 13: 6. 
 
 1 . to ask, demand, require, seek ; Pi. bN'ii 1 . to ask, inquire. 2 Sam. 
 
 construed with an accus. of the 20: 18. 
 
 thing. Job 31:30 i'i'D: nb^a b'ai^b 2. i. q. Kalno. 7. to beg. Ps. 109: 
 
 <o demand with a curse his{the enemy'' s) ^^ 
 
 life, i.e. his death. So Jon. 4:8 bi<Ui^1 H'P^- ^o /enf^. Ex. 12: 36. 1 Sam. 
 
 nriJ2b r^3D-ni< and he asked death ^- 2,^- Comp Kal no. 6. 
 
 / ,\ ,r. rr"'.^ . rri, DeFiv. out ot couFse Jl^M^TS. 
 
 for himself. 1 K. l9: 4. ihe person L^sm; r^u u . 77^''* 
 0/ whom Iny thing is asked, is pre- ^^^.'P C^^^^' * ^^ ^^' beg, request. 
 
 ceded by "jtt, Ps. 2:8. by niXQ, 1 Construed with two accus. Ezra 7: 
 
 Sam. 8: 10. or put in an accus. 21. 
 
 (like (/.hfiv Ti^vu, it.) Hence with 2. to ask, inquire ; construed with 
 
 two accus. Ps. 137: 3. Deut. 14:26. b of the person, Ezra 5: 9. and an 
 
 2. to ask, beg, request, construed accus. of the thing, verse 10. 
 
 with an accus. of the thing, and ]72, ;-jU^'jj f. with suff. -nb^-iJ, also 
 
 1=:^'':, nN^^. of the person. Ps. 21:5. - " 
 
 Deiu. 18" 16. ^^^^.9 (Ps. 106: 15.) and by con- 
 
 3. to inquire of, to interrogate, con- traction ^rib'^y (l Sam. 1: 17.) verbal 
 strued with an accus. of the person. from bfi^UJ, dec. X. and XI. 
 
 ?^"; \^ 'o '^^o'^''^ ^T^^ J- n "^ . "^1^^ 1 V^iition, request.-T(^^'^ b^l'i; 
 
 b, Job 8:8. Josh. 9 : 14 6m^ . , ^ . t j ooV't ir'a 
 
 they inquired not of the mmth of \^J^' ^'^'^''^^ J"^^- ^''^^' ^ ^.2: 
 
 Jehcrcah. In this expression the neg- ^^- ^\^^ T^=. <^^"^ ^^^^^^^ Est. 
 
 lect of a duty is implied, comp. Is.30: 5 : 6, 8. Sibi^.UJ rjNS a request is 
 
 2. Gen. 24 : 57. The thing for granted. Job 6: 8. 
 
 which one inquires is preceded by 2. what is lent, a loan. 1 Sam. 2: 
 
 ]:, Judg. 13: 18. Gen. 32: 29. by b?, 20. Comp. the verb no. 6. 
 
 Neh. 1:2. or put in an accus. Hag. ^'^i^'^ Chald. emph. iinbi^a, a wish, 
 
 2: 11. Is. 45: 11. : ^ , '".' 
 
 4. particularly to inquire of or con- '^^^^^^^ ' /^^"ce also an affair, matter, 
 suit, as an oracle, and then construed concern. (Comp. ycn no. 4.) Dan.4^ 
 with 2; hence nnn"^z b^J*.^ to in- 14 [4 : 17] Nnbi<;^ T^'^^R "^'^^^ 
 quire of Jehovah, Judg. 1:1. 18: 5. and the matter is the command of the 
 20 : 18. construed with ^ for a per- holy ones. 
 
 son, 1 Sam. 22: 10, 13, 15. Num. 27: ^.^^'^ in Kal not used. In Pil. (as a 
 21. Z3'^C"in2 b^tu; to inquire 0/* or ' "" , ...^ 1 \ ^ v . . 1 . . . 
 . 1 ' ^ ' ' ,~ ^ ^ y r.. ^r. quadriliteral,) ^:N*i; to be at rest, to 
 
 consult the teraphim, Ezek. 21:26. ,. . , x o,^ ^/^ ^o ^< t i, 
 
 5. b aibu3b bN-c: to inquire after ^f^^J^^^tlV- Jer. 30: 10. 48 : 11. Job 
 -,,/=-- .. , / 3:18. Hence 
 
 the health of any one, particularly as ,-.. , ^wwv: u 1 t r 
 a salutation. Gen. 43: 27. 1 Sam 10: ^:^?.II), plur. a-^Sj.N'i?, verbal adj. from 
 
 4. 17:22. 30 : 21. Ex. 18: 7. also li'ij, dec. VIII. a. 
 
 D SDibuJb b5<\D 2 Sam. 11:7. "{. quiet. Is. 33 : 20. Particularly 
 
 6. to borrow, to ask as a loan, (de- living in peace, security, prosperity^ 
 rived from signif nos. 1. 2.) Ex. 3: Job 12: 5. comp. '|2^^b2j 21 : 23. In- 
 22. 11:2, 12:35. Part. b^VUJ bor- asmuch as prosperi'ty and security ' 
 rowed, 1 Sam. t: 28. 2 K. 6: 5, See often lead to carelessness and for- 
 Hiph getfulness of God ; hence 
 
IvS^ 
 
 635 
 
 N^nD 
 
 2. careless^ proud^ arrogant^ {secim- 
 (lis rebus ferox^ Sallust. Jug. 94.) Ps. 
 123:4. Am. 6: 1. Is. 32 : 9, 11, 18. 
 (Comp. l^/ij, Jinbu?? Pa^t. noi and 
 7^5? ; also Schulten's Animadv. in Job 
 26l 5.) 
 
 3. as a subst. pride^ arrogance. Is. 
 37:29. 2 K. 19:28. 
 
 Pj&^*23 1. to breathe with open mouth, to 
 
 snvffup, e. g. tbe air, construed with 
 an accus. Jer. 2: 24. 14: 6. hence to 
 gape, aspire, long after, Job 7: 2. 36: 
 20. to strive for. Job 5: 6. Construed 
 with b? Am. 2: 7 f/tey /o;tg offer the 
 dust of the earth on the head of the 
 poor; i. e. they long to bring the 
 poor into that condition. 
 
 2. to snort, snujff^ ; hence (l.) to 
 hasten after a thing. Ecc. 1: 5. Comp. 
 n'^^n Hab. 2: 3. (2.) to snort at, as- 
 sail with violence, spoken of wild an- 
 imals and metaphorically of savage 
 enemies. Ps. 56: 2, 3. 57: 4. Am. 8: 
 4. Ezek. 36: 3. Spoken of Jehovah. 
 Is. 42: 14. 
 
 iN'iS to remain. 1 Sam. 16: 11. 
 
 Niph. pass, of Hiph. 
 
 1 . to remain, to be left. Gen. 7: 23. 
 42:38. Is. 11:11. 
 
 2. to continue, to he kept back. Ex. 
 8:5,7. [8:9, 11.] Num. 11: 26. Job 
 21:34 ^^70 ni\-i;3 CD\n2rwr) your 
 answers continue false. 
 
 Hiph. 1. to let remain, to leave. Ex. 
 10: 12. 
 
 2. to leave behind. Joel 2: 14. 
 
 3. intrans. to be left, to remain. 
 Num. 21:35. Deut. 3: 3. 
 
 INu m. (with Kamets impure,) ver- 
 bal from ""ifiJ'-IJ, the rest, remnant, re- 
 mainder. Is. 10:20, 21, 22. 11: 11. 
 
 ")&^"d m. Chald. const. 11^"^, idem. Ez- 
 ra 4: 7, 9, 10, 17. 7: 18. 
 
 DVlD"^ *li^iD (a remnant shall return) 
 
 the symbolical proper name of a son 
 of the prophet Isaiah. Is.7: 3. comp. 
 10: 21. 
 "IXp m. dec. I. 
 
 "'1. flesh, i. q. *n^2, but almost ex- 
 
 clusively in poetry. Ps. 73 : 26. 78: 
 20, 27. Jer. 51:35 ^J -"-^NUJri -^o^n 
 ^5.2 my violence and my flesh come 
 upon Babylon, i. e. the violence done 
 to me, and my flesh, which it has 
 consumed, come upon it ; (comp. 
 ^DN* no. 1. (2.) and no. 2.) 
 
 2. one related by blood. Lev. 21: 2. 
 18:12, 13, 17. Num.27: 11. In Lev. 
 18:6, and 25: 49. more in full ^^y^ 
 T'^iljz. Comp. nips no. 4. 
 
 !l"15^'d fem. of nfiJ'iS blood relation- 
 ship, hence as a concrete, kindred 
 by blood. Lev. 18: 17. 
 
 IT^n^^U} f- by contraction ri'^i;*23 (l 
 Chr. 12: 38.) verbal from "iJ;?^, dec. 
 I, a remnant of people, particularly 
 after a general overthrow. Jer. 11: 
 23. 44: 14. Mic. 7: 18. Zeph. 2: 7. 
 Comp. "ont:, nU'^lbs. Ps. 76: 11 
 n^?2n ri">"}i<"i3 the remainder of his 
 wrath, i. e. that which is not exert- 
 ed, his whole wrath. 
 
 nfi^'O f. (^or nuXd fem. of i^V verbal 
 from rtwH"r, like in, Siyn from W"!,) 
 destruction. Lam. 3: 47. By contrac- 
 tion n"J3 Num. 24: 17. see n*^ be- 
 low. 
 
 i^Dlp Sheba, Sabeans, (as the name of 
 
 a country, fem. as the name of a 
 people, masc.) a people and country 
 in Arabia Felix ; celebrated for af- 
 fording incense, spicery, gold and 
 precious stones, 1 K. 10: 1 If. Is. 60: 
 6. Jer. 6: 20. Ezek. 27: 22. Ps. 72: 
 1 5. also for carrying on commerce, 
 Ezek. 27: 22. Ps. 72: 10. Joel 4: 8. 
 [3: 8.] Job 6: 19. In Job 1: 15, it is 
 used for the (plundering) Arabs gen- 
 erally, and is feminine, although the 
 people are intended ; the name of 
 the country being used for the name 
 of the people.-There appears to be 
 a threefold derivation of this people 
 in Genesis ; namely, (l.) from a 
 grandson of Cush, Gen. 10: 7. (2.) 
 from a son of Joktan, Gen. 10: 28. 
 (So also in the traditions of the Ara- 
 bians.) (3.) from a grandson of Abra- 
 ham by Keturah, Gen. 25 : 3. In 
 the first and last accounts the name 
 
1St3 
 
 636 
 
 CDnt) 
 
 is connected with Dedan ; (see "jT^, 
 
 d'^DDtD masc. plur. small pieces. Hos. 
 
 8: 6. (Chald. n?;*D to 6reafc m ;3ieces ; 
 Jiaii: a piece.) 
 
 HDlli, fut. apoc. S'43^, to ta^e prisoner^ 
 
 to carry away captive. Gen. 34 : 29. 
 1 K. 8: 48. Gen. 31: 26n^n nr^n'ij 
 ta/:en prisoner with the sword in hand ; 
 comp. 2 K. 6: 22. Also to carry away 
 cattle, I Chr. 6: 21. or other sub- 
 stance, 2 Chr. 21: 17. 
 
 Niph. pass, of Kal. Gen. 14: 14. 
 Ex. 22: 9. 
 
 ^I3t25 m. name of a precious stone. Ex. 
 
 28: 19. 39: 12. Sept. ocxciT7jg. Vulg. 
 achates. 
 
 >'^Dd or^hlHd Jer. 18 t 15 Keth. 
 for b"^'^ q. V. 
 
 5: 21 hence Ml^i'iib^ inVfiJ^ for a 
 curse^ ibid. Comp. Dan. 9:11. Is. 
 65: 15. 
 
 n'^nd and n'^ip f (the two forms 
 
 being frequently interchanged in the 
 Keri and Kethib,) verbal from tiiUJ, 
 dec. I. captivity .f and as a concrete, 
 captives. Num. 21: 29. n^n\ij i^nD 
 to bring back the captives (of a peo- 
 ple,) Deut. 30: 3. Jer. 29: 24. 30: 
 3. Ezek. 29 : 14. 39: 25. Amos 9 : 
 14. Zeph. 3 : 20. Ps. 14: 7. 53: 7. 
 126: 1, 4. hence used metaphorical- 
 ly of the restoration of prosperity, 
 or the bringing back to a former 
 state, Job 42 : 10 -ni< ^'^ ^I'n^l 
 :21'>i{ niiUi and Jehovah restored again 
 the prosperity of Job. Ezek. 16: 53. 
 Comp. verse 55. Hos. 6: 11, (if 
 these words are to be joined to the 
 beginning of the following chap- 
 ter.) 
 
 T^yCi f. also y!)id (Gen. 29: 27, 28.) I. Hnd (Arab, with ^) found only 
 dual n^X^ti (Lev. 12: 5.) plur. 'O^^^^ i" Pi- "2^- 
 
 m. niy^tTT, const, n^^'5i^, liter, the 
 number seven., tdo^ag ; hence 
 
 1. seven days., a week., tpSof^iccg., 
 sepiimana. Gen. 29 : 27, 28. Dan. 
 10: 2 D'^T:^ a*':^5'.D n*^bu; three weeks 
 
 Jong. (See D^a^'p. 264.) ni5?n^a An 
 the feast of (seven) weeks or of pen- 
 iecost., from the time which interve- 
 ned between the passover and 
 feast, Deut. 16: 9. In full Toh 
 (xyia tmd t^doiiadwv. On the con- 
 trary Ezek. 45: 21 D^tt;^ niyn/l) ^Xl 
 the festival of seven days., is spoken of 
 the feast of the passover which las- 
 
 1. to praise., commend. Ecc. 8: 15. 
 Particularly to praise God, Ps. 63: 4 . 
 117: 1. 147: 12. 
 
 2. to pronounce happy. Ecc. 4: 2. 
 Comp. the Chald. 
 
 Hithpa. to praise one'^s self to glo- 
 ry., construed with 2 of the thing. 
 Ps. 106: 47. 1 Chr. 16: 35. 
 
 ^ this n. nn-a (Arab, with . ) to 
 ^' ^ Pi. to check., still, quiet ; 
 
 submit. 
 
 e. g. the 
 
 waves, Ps. 89: 10. anger, Prov. 29 ; 
 11. 
 
 Hiph. i. q. Pi. to still (the waves.) 
 Ps. 65: 8. 
 
 ted 7 days. j-j^^ Chald. found only in Pa. nsU) 
 
 2. seven years, a week of years. - : . , tt J 
 
 Dan 9- 24 ff ^^ commend., praise, bee the Heb. 
 
 .^^^^[.;' 1 1-M-.M; r 1 1 r "o- I. Dan. 2: 23. 4: 31, 34. [4:34, 
 
 yl5?^Dt!) and HS^HU^ f verbal from .. -. ? l ? 
 
 2?^'^, dec. X. an oath. Gen. 26: 3. iDD'ili and i-3Sp, com. gen. with suif. 
 24:8. nirr; n^'i;^ an oath by Jeho- ^^'^t., plur.* b"'a2-:J,const. 'DaUJ, dec. 
 TaA, Ex. 22:' 10. Ecc. 8: 2. Particu- 
 larly ( 1 .) an oath in covenanting. 2 
 Sam. 21: l.~\ nynlUJ 'b^a bmind 
 io a person by an oath., tvoQuoi, Neh. 
 6: 18. (2.) an oath of imprecation., a 
 mrse; in full n;:N!l D^J^^'IJ Num. 
 
 VI. g. 
 
 1. a stick., staff., rod. Lev. 27: 32. 
 Ps. 2: 9. Particularly for chastise- 
 ment, (Prov. 10: 13. 13: 24. 22: 8.) 
 hence a rod of correction., Job 9: 34. 
 21: 9. 37: 13. Is. 10: 5. 11: 4 p'y^ 
 
*>ntD 
 
 637 
 
 bydi 
 
 "I"* the rod or scourge of his mouthy 
 metaphorically for a command to 
 chastise. 
 
 2. ihe staff of a ruler, a sceptre. 
 Gen. 49: 10. Num. 24: 17. 
 
 3. a measuring staff or rod ; also 
 a portion of land assigned by measure, 
 a lot, inheritance. Ps. 74 : 2 D^'^i 
 ^nbni the possession assigned to thee. 
 Jer. io: 16. 51: 19. 
 
 4. a spear, javelin. 2 Sam. 18: 14. 
 Comp. r!i:?.?5 no. 4. 
 
 5. a tribe, tribus, spoken of the 
 tribes of Israel. (See ntsXD no. 3.) 
 Ex. 28 : 21. Judg. 20: 2. also i. q. 
 nnsdlQ a family, a subdivision of a 
 tribe,' Num. 4: 18. Judg. 20: 12. 1 
 Sam. 9: 21. 
 
 I:D"J3 Chald. a tribe, i. q. Heb. Ul*^ 
 
 no. 5. Ezra 6: 17. 
 ^yp m. the eleventh month of the 
 
 Jewish ecclesiastical year, corres- 
 ponding to part of January and part 
 of February in our calendar. (So 
 in Syr. and Arab.) Zech. 1: 7. 
 Dffi m. in pause "y^, with suff. i"n'ij, 
 ^"JS^, verbal from Jin'ij, dec. VI. 1. 
 
 1. as an adj. captive, a prisoner, 
 (after the form ^dd.) Ex. 12 : 29. 
 Fem. nn-ij Is. 52: 2.' 
 
 2. as a subst. captivity, and as a 
 concrete captives, prisoners. MSUJ 
 '^^ to carry away prisoners, Nuni. 
 21: 1. Ps. 68: 19. and ''STZJ Y-i^, 
 "^lau^a. to go into captivity, Jer. 22: 22. 
 30:" 16. Lam. 1: 5. Used in refer- 
 ence to animals, Amos 4: 10. 
 
 D^^DkD m. dec. III. a. aflame. Job 18: 5. 
 
 See the fcHlowing article. 
 D*^D'd Chald. idem. Dan. 3: 22. Plur. 
 
 7: 9. (Arab, nnu; to kindle, and in- 
 trans. to burn.) 
 
 T\^'21D fem. of 'Dd no. 2. captivity, 
 
 captives. 2 Chr. 28: 5. Neh. 4: 4. 
 
 ^^D l5 m. dec. I. a way, path. Ps. 77: 
 
 20". Jer. 18: 15, where in the Ke- 
 thib wefind blS'^J. Root b^^ no. 1. 
 
 l3''D*'Di23 masc. plur. Is. 3: 18. caps 
 
 of net-work, catds ; comp. the Lat. 
 , reticulum, Varr. de Ling. Lat. iv. 19. 
 (So in Talmud.) Root Di'OJ prob. 
 i. q. y^^ to weave, make into a net. 
 According to others, small suns, like 
 the Arab. '^.^Kj^j^i^ (a denom. from 
 
 J (V^^^ ^^^^ ^""0 ^ ^^^^ ^^ spangle 
 worn on the hair. Comp. in the 
 same connexion D"'3'^!liI3 small moons. 
 
 ^i^J'^D i23, fem. n "'-:., an ordinal adj. (from 
 
 5>5^ seven,) the seventh. Gen. 2 : 2. 
 
 Ex. 21: 2. 
 IT^DID f i- q- n^l'iJ q. V. captivity. 
 
 Num. 21: 29. 
 /D'd, Arab. Vj^jm, a root not in use. 
 
 1. to go. Hence b''l3U3. 
 
 2. to mount up, to grow. (Arab, 
 conj. IV. to form ears.) See ^^"03, 
 nlrsc; no. 2. 
 
 3. to^flow, stream, overflow. Comp. 
 i^ntJ, n^>^lj, bti^STD. For these tran- 
 sitions of meaning, see ^bn, Ti^, 
 
 7^.tD m. a branch, from bi'^j no. 2. 
 (Comp. "rkv a/ea/;from;i'ry.) Zech. 
 4: 12 D-^nvTri '^a-ij olivVbranches. 
 The Dagesh forte is euphonic, as in 
 1320 (from ^^20) Jer. 4: 7. and the 
 Hateph-pattah as in ibaD Is. 9: 3. 
 10: 27. (The reading -^Irs-ij is con- 
 trary to the authority of the Maso- 
 ra.) 
 
 ^nI3 m. the trail or train of a gar- 
 
 5ftl 
 
 ment. Is. 47: 2. (Arab. ?*aaa ic/ew. 
 Root bn-:3 no. 3.) 
 "P^PHc] m. according to the Hebrew 
 interpreters and the Talmud, a snail. 
 
 Ps. 58: 9 r^brr o^vi b^^h^^ i^s as 
 
 the snail which melts away as it walks, 
 i. e. which gradually wastes away 
 by the moisture which it imparts in 
 crawling. Root b^'ij no. 3. to flow, 
 dissolve, (like lelfAal, Umax, from 
 lei^oi, to flow, Xit/jQfiai,, to dissolve.) 
 In Chald. J<!:bn*n idem, with np 
 comp. ri!:2l2J an ear, Chald, i^bl^n. 
 
pi2i 
 
 ^TiD 638 
 
 ri73t3 f. plur. d'^bsUJ. beseech solemnly^ to beg earnestlyr 
 
 r. '^ rr. . ^.,: V Cant. 2: 7. 3: 5. 5: 9. 1 K. 22: 16. 
 1. an earojcorn^ {irom 7^2j no.2.) Deriv. ny^niz: 
 
 Job 24:24. Gen.41:5ff.Is 1T:5: (Arab y^^ f. const, wi' and nyDO, const, 
 i-iriMJ by a resolution of the Dagesh - - - ' 
 
 forte into Nun.) 
 
 2. a stream^ (see r^UJ no. 3.) 
 69: 3, 16. Is. 27: 12. " ' 
 
 Ps. 
 
 K3Dlb and !n3DlD {^roh.afresh^bloom- 
 ing young man ; comp. the Arab. 
 
 (^^*-^,) Shebna^ the proper name of 
 
 a prefect of the palace under Heze- 
 kiah, who was deprived of his of- 
 fice and succeded by Eliakim, (Is. 
 22: 15.) but he afterwards appears 
 with Eliakim as a private secretary 
 of the king, (Is. .36: 3. 2 K. 18: 18. 
 26: 37. 19: 2.) This ought not to 
 surprise us, considering the capri- 
 ciousness of eastern monarchs in be- 
 stowing their favours. 
 5?D"0 ^0 swear ^ in Kal found only in 
 the part. pass. Ezek. 21 : 28 3?n;iJ 
 riiS^l'iJ jurantes juramenta. (Prob. a 
 denom. from ^'2'JJ seven^ liter, to af- 
 firm over seven victims^ or with some 
 other reference to sevcn^ the sacred 
 number.) More commonly in 
 
 Niph. 5''2U;3 to swear ; construed 
 (1.) with z'of the person or thing 
 hy which a person swears, Gen. 21: 
 23. 22: 16. To swear by a god was 
 considered as an acknowledgement 
 of him ; thus of Jehovah, Deut. 6: 
 13. 10: 20. of idols, Amos 8: 14. 
 
 1. seven^ placed either before or 
 after the noun. When placed before, 
 it is used either in the const, stute, 
 (Gen. 8: 10.) or in the state absolute, 
 (Num. 23: 1.) It is put more rarely 
 after the noun, as yn'.;;-nr^ the sev- 
 enth year^ 2 K. 12: 2. The Hebrews 
 employed seven (1.) as a round or 
 indefinite number, to express a small 
 number, (as we use ten.) Gen. 41: 
 2 ff. 1 Sam. 2: 5. Is. 4: 1. Ruth 4: 
 15. Prov. 26: 25. So especially in 
 poetic fictions, as Job 1: 2, 3. 2: 13. 
 (2.) as a sacred number, like 
 many other nations. Thus seven 
 offerings in making a covenant, Gen. 
 21: 28. seven lamps in the golden 
 candlestick, Ex. 37 : 23. the blood 
 was sprinkled seven times. Lev. 4: 
 6, 17. etc. (See Fr. Gedicke verm. 
 Schriften, p. 32 60.) -^t)r tiynt 
 m. and JT;1w? 5>525 f. seventeen. 
 
 2. seven times^ usually as an indefi- 
 nite or round number. Ps. 119: 164. 
 Prov. 24: 16. 
 
 Dual D"^ny^u3 seven fold or seven 
 times. Gen. 4: 15, 24. Ps. 12: 7. 2 
 Sam. 21: 9 Keth. 
 
 Plur. a"57^'ij seventy^ for the most 
 part as a round number. Gen. 50: 3. 
 So seven and seventy.. Gen. 4: 24. 
 
 Deriv. yn^ij. 
 
 To swear by an unfortunate man., 
 
 means that t*ie person who breaks T]^2XD Gen. 26: 33. proper name of 
 
 his word shall become like him, Ps. 
 102: 9. comp. Is. 65: 15. (2.) with h, 
 of the person to whom one swearsj 
 Gen. 24: 7. 21: 23. Also with a da- 
 live of the person and an accus. of 
 the thing promised by an oath. Gen. 
 50:24. Ex. 13: 5.33: l.'J:i'^n 
 
 a well so called, according to this 
 passage, from an oath. It was per- 
 haps originally pronounced with oth- 
 er vowels Jl^lUJ which signifies an 
 oath. (Comp. Gesenius' Gesch. der 
 hebr. Sprache and Schrift, p. 186.) 
 
 D\-Jb^b to swear (fidelity) to God., Tl'^^yQ m. i. q. n:?3'*IJ seven. Once 
 nomen dare Deo., 2Chr. 15: 14. comp. Job 42' 13 
 
 YDil3 ill Kal not used. In Syr. to min- 
 gle., to weave ; in Arab. conj. V. to 
 be interwoven., intricate. In Hebrew 
 used only in Piel and Pual. 
 
 Pi. 1. Ex.28: 39. to work with 
 
 Is. 19: 18. Zeph. 1: 5, (where the 
 prefix \ interchanges with 2.) 
 
 Hiph'. 1 . to make to swear\ to bind 
 by an oath. Num. 5: 19. Gen. 50: 5. 
 Hence 
 
 2. to adjure^ conjure., obtestari^ to 
 
IDD 
 
 639 
 
 nStD 
 
 checker<vork on white cloth, so that 
 the checks or cells resembled the 
 settings of precious stones, (see sig- 
 nif. no. 2.) So in Greek G(ff)ayig{l.) 
 the bezel of a ring; (2.) a certain 
 figure woven on cloth. According to 
 Salmasius, opus ocellatum ; better, 
 opus tessellatum, reiiculaium. Deriv. 
 ni^3U;73 no. 1 . ya/iJn ; comp. 
 
 2. to set (precious stones.) Pu. pass. 
 Ex. 28: 20. Deriv. n^SCa'iJ^. no. 2. 
 Y^\23 wi. found only 2 Sam 1 : 9. ac- 
 cording to the Targums, perplexity, 
 ierrour ; (comp. the verb y^'iJ.) But 
 as the article shows the word to 
 have a more specific meaning, bet- 
 ter according to the Rabbins, a 
 cramp, or according to others, a gid- 
 diness. 
 
 I^np Chd\A. to leave. Dan. 4: 12, 20, 
 
 23. [4: 15,23,26.] {Syr. idem.) 
 Ithpe. to be left. Dan. 2: 44. 
 
 in^,fut. isu;:. 
 
 1 . trans, to break in pieces. Jer. 2: 
 20. 19: 10. Several phrases in which 
 this verb occurs may be found un- 
 der the articles n-iT, nta^g, rrdp.. 
 Hos.2:20 ^z^m ii^nbT:^ mm niyp") 
 y^^frjn 1^ / will break in pieces the 
 bow, the sword, and the weapons of 
 war, (and remove them) out of the 
 land. Applied to the destruction of 
 ships by the wind, Ezek. 27: 26. 
 
 2. to tear in pieces, spoken of wild 
 animals. 1 K. 13: 26, 28. And gen- 
 erally of injuries to the body. 
 Part. *15!1^ broken, maimed. Lev. 
 22: 22. See Niph. no. 2. Meta- 
 phorically to break or wound the 
 heart, Ps. 69: 21. 147: 3. 
 
 3. to assuage or quench thirst, yVan- 
 gere sitim. Ps. 104: 11. 
 
 4. to destroy. Dan. 11: 26. Ezek. 
 30: 21. See Niph. no. 3. and ^la'^J. 
 
 5. to cut off^, measure off, appoint. 
 Job 38: 10 "pn V\v ^2'i;fi3 when I 
 appointed my bounds about it {the sea.) 
 Gomp. 'nn. 
 
 6. denom. from '^^i**?; no. 6. (l.) 
 td buy (grain ;) joined with ^I^^, 
 Gen. 47: 14. with "^2, 42: 3. also 
 
 without addition, 42: 5. Is.56: 1. (2.) 
 to sell (grain.) Gen. 41: 56. 
 
 Niph. pass. 1. to be broken in 
 pieces, frangi. Is. 14: 29. Spoken of 
 ships, to be dashed in pieces, to foun- 
 der, Ezek. 27: 34. Jon. 1: 4. 
 
 2. to be torn in pieces. Ps. 124: 7. 
 Spoken of cattle, to be hurt, injured^ 
 Ex. 22: 9, 13. Ezek. 34: 4,15. Zech. 
 11: 16 irnz'^Sn the hurt, injured. 
 Metaphorically with i^, to be of a 
 contrite heart, Ps. 34:19. Is. 61:1. 
 Ps. 51: 19. Perhaps trans, as in Kal 
 Ezek. 6: 9. 
 
 3. to be broken in pieces, to be over- 
 thrown, spoken of an army, Dan. 1 1 : 
 22. 2Chr. 14: 12. to be destroyed, to 
 perish, spoken of a state, of a city, 
 of individuals. Is. 8: 15. 24:10.28: 
 
 13. Jer. 48: 4. Dan. 8: 25. 11: 4. 
 Ezek. 30: 8. 
 
 Pi. 12'ij i. q. Kal no. l.to break or 
 smite in pieces ; e. g. the teeth, Ps. 
 3: 8. images, altars, 2 K. 18:4. 23: 
 
 14. ships, Ps. 48: 8. 
 
 Hiph. 1. to let break through, in 
 reference to the birth of a first child, 
 (comp. n2U;:o.) Is. 66: 9 ':^^rt 
 ^^bS^ n1:1 'i''2^r^? should I cause to 
 break through, i.e. to open the womb, 
 and not cause to bring forth ? Comp. 
 Hos. 13: 13- Is. 37: 3. 
 
 2. denom.from ^2UJ, to sell (grain.) 
 Gen. 42: 6. Am. 8: 5, 6. 
 
 Hoph. pass, to be wounded, hurt, 
 spoken of the heart, i. q. Niph. no. 
 2. Jer. 8:21. 
 
 Deriv. "S^li , fi^lSUJ, n2UJ , 
 ^zt^. '[ " ''' * 
 
 "iD'd and 1l2'd, with suff. ^^,^'^, ver- 
 bal from ^2'^ dec. VI. g. andh. 
 
 1. a breaking. Is. 30: 14. 
 
 2. a wound, injury, breach. Lev. 
 21: 19. 24 : 20. Metaphorically a 
 breach or wound (of a state,) Ps. 60: 
 4. nil 12Up a broken heart, sorrow^ 
 Is. 65: 14. " 
 
 3. ruin, destruction ; of a state. 
 Lam. 2: 11. 3: 47. of individual per- 
 sons, Prov. 16: 18. Is. 1 : 28. 
 
 4. a solution, explanation, (of a 
 dream.) Judg. 7: 15. 
 
 5. plur. tD'^*l^i2J terrour. Job 41: 
 
nno 
 
 640 
 
 :\^tt) 
 
 17. [41: 25.] This metaphorical sig- 
 nification is found in many verbs of 
 breakings e. g. nn?]. 
 
 6. grain^ perhaps so called from 
 
 its being broken in the mill. Gen. 42: 
 
 1 if. Ex. 8: 6. etc. Comp. ^liUJ no. 6. 
 
 ]1*12p m. verbal from ^5^, dec. 
 
 IILd. 
 
 1. a breaking. Ezek. 21: 6 lllln^ 
 
 t:^:n^ a breaking of the loins ^ as an 
 image of extreme pain. 
 
 2. destruction. Jer. 17: 18. 
 riDti , M- ninp^ and nax^ (Lev. 26: 
 
 37.) 
 
 1. io cease to dodcay thing, constru- 
 ed with 1^ and an infin. Job 32 : 1. 
 Jer. 31: 36. Hos. 7: 4. Hence 
 
 2. used absolutely, to rest from la- 
 bour ., to keep holy day. Ex. 23 : 12. 
 34:21. Spoken of a country, to lie 
 uncultivated^ Lev. 26 : 34, 35. comp. 
 25: 2. Construed with "J^ to rest from 
 a labour. Gen. 2: 2, 3.* Ex. 31: 17. 
 Comp. Is. 33: 8 nn^ 'nS> nn^ the 
 -way faring man resteth^ i. e. travels 
 no more. 14: 4. Lam. 5: 14 the elders 
 rest from the gate. i. e. they visit it 
 no more. 
 
 3. to cease to 6e, to have an end. 
 Gen. 8:22. Is. 24: 8. Lam. 5: 15. 
 
 Niph. i. q. Kal no. 3. strictly pass, 
 of Hiph. to cease to 6e, to have an 
 end. Is. 17:3. Ezek. 6:6. 30: 18. 33:28. 
 
 Hiph. 1 . to m^ke to cease from doing 
 any thing; construed with "jt) and 
 an infin. Ezek. 34 : 10. with "^rb^h 
 and an infin. Josh. 22: 25. 
 
 2. to let rest or cease^ (as a person 
 from labour,) construed with ]X5, Ex. 
 5: 5. (as a work,) 2 Chr. 16: 5. Neh. 
 4:11. 
 
 3. to stilly quiet. Ps. 8: 3. 
 
 4. to make to cease., to put an end 
 to^ e. g. a war, Ps. 46 : 10. conten- 
 tion, Prov. 18 : 18. rejoicing. Is. 16: 
 10. also Jeremiah 48 : 35. Amos 
 8:4. Ruth 4 : 14 rT^riiJl N*b n^N 
 i^N.^ Tjb who has not left thee without 
 a kinsman. Lev. 2: 13. 
 
 5. to put away, to remove., con- 
 strued with 1^, i. q. 1*^0?!. Ex. 12: 
 15. Lev. 26:6. Ezek. 34: 25. 23:27, 
 
 48. 30: 13. Is. 30: 11. Jer. 7:34. Ps. 
 119:119. 
 
 I. DDld m. with suff. "^nauj, verbal 
 from nl"2J, dec. VI. h. 
 
 1. a ceasing. Prov. 20:3. comp. 
 18:18. 22: 10. 
 
 2. an interruption., loss of time. Ex. 
 21: 19. 
 
 II. n3iri f the infin. of n^; to dwell^ 
 q.v. 
 
 n!2vD com. gen. (masc. Lev. 25:4. fem. 
 Ex. 31: 14.) const. na'iJ, with sufif. 
 ^n2UJ, plur. ninzuj, const, ninsuj^ 
 verbal from ril'-^ , a day of rest, a 
 sabbath., the 7th day of the week a- 
 mong the Jews. Ex. 16 : 25 naui 
 niJT^b tDl'^n to-day is a day of rest 
 to Jehovah. nz'^^ ri3^ every sabbath, 
 1 Chr. 9: 32. D*'3"IJ nau: the sabbati- 
 cal year, every seventh year which 
 was a year of release, Lev. 25: 4, 8. 
 (In Lev. 23 : 15, some adopt the sig- 
 nification, a week, as in Syr. and 
 Greek Mat. 28: 1. but this is not ne- 
 cessary.) 
 
 "jiriSlUD m. verbal from nl\^, idem, 
 
 but with a more intense signification. 
 Ex. 16: 23. Lev. 23:24. For the most 
 part in the phrase "jina'ij nri: Ex. 
 31:15. 35:2. Lev. 16: 31. a great 
 festival. 
 
 yyiD i.q.tiv^ 
 
 1 . to wander, to go astray. Hence 
 
 2. to err, transgress, (from mis- 
 take or ignorance.) Ps. 119 : 67. 
 Num. 15:28. Sl^^'i; ^^Xij to be guilty 
 of a transgressing, Le v.5: 1 8, Accord- 
 ing to this we may render Gen. 6: 3 
 ^ijj'D, N^n D^'lis 071 account of their 
 transgressing, they are flesh, i. e. col- 
 lect, on account of their transgres- 
 sions ; (as if an infin. after the form 
 >ju3 Jer. 5: 26.) But all the ancient 
 versions render it, because he is flesh, 
 as if it were compounded of 2, -UJ 
 = ^'^N and d^ = aa also. This 
 is more accordant with the context, 
 but has the following difficulties ; 
 (1.) the use of the prefix -o in Gen- 
 
tao 641 no 
 
 Mis, and that in prose. To this, (^ g f^ ., 
 
 however, it may be answered m part, p ^^ *-) "i*** 
 
 that the solemn speeches of Jehovah, tio, from Is*^ Pa. cecinit;) or (after 
 
 even in the prosaic portions of the .^ * , J!!^ . , i >' ^ ,\ 
 
 rMj rn4. 1 J .fi ,. /. the AraD.'^y2J to be sad. distressed,] a 
 
 Old iest. abound with poetic forms. , ... . . \ j ^r ''. 
 
 a nr. 1 0/1 i^ lamentation, to be rendered then m 
 
 bee (jen. 1 :24 in n, comp. verse v u m ^ r, ^j, / / 
 
 , _, -' ^ nabakkuk, q/ier the manner of a la^ 
 
 25 n*n. In like manner verse 10 mentation. 
 
 D'^72'^. (2.) that DiJ stands for D3, al- L^., ^ ,. v, / \ t^ x 
 
 ^, -, \/. ,- ,....' 7^ JD ^0 ^*e mi/i (a woman.) Deut. 28: 
 
 though it has a /e^^er distinctive ac- ~ -^ 
 
 cent. But similar exceptions in re- ^^* 
 
 gard to the lesser distinctives some- ^^ph. pass. Is. 13: 16. Zech. 14:2. 
 
 time occur. (.3.) that D.n is appar- P"- J^i"- 3: 2. 
 
 ently superfluous. But'it may per- .^^te. The Masoretes regarded 
 
 haps be rendered, because he is also ^^^^ ^^ord as low and obscene, and 
 
 ^e*/i,(and not barely spirit.) The sen- J^^y^^ therefore, substituted nS'a for 
 
 tence, however,would still appear to . ^* 3"^ ^^^ Keri. 
 
 drag. 7^113 f. a wife., spouse^ e. g. of the Per- 
 
 n^Mli f. verbal from :\5T1J, dec.XI. c. an sian king. Neh. 2: 6. Prob. also Pg, 
 
 error ^ mistake. Ecc.bib.HS^yii^mU'n io ' * 
 
 sin through inadvertence or ignorance, ^i9 ^- ^^^^^' ^'"^^ ^P^^^^^ ^^ the 
 
 Lev. 4: 2, 27. Num. 15: 27. wives of the king of Babylon. Dan. 
 
 n^^D (comp. ^^W.) ^- ?; ^' 22- ^^ff^^^^t from l^nb con^ 
 
 tT ^ r - , y cubmes. 
 
 rnt/^jr^th ,''''f ^^!|'-^V^'5'3ainKalnotnsed. In Arab, to 6 
 L/Onstrued with 773, <o -wander from -,t 
 
 the way, and metaphorically from ^^^^' ^^^ ^f ^^^ ^ '"^- 
 the commands of God, Prov. 19:27. ru. part. :>av;. 
 
 2. io iran^^re^^, fo rfo wrow^. Lev, ^^' . '^p ^^*^^- * Sam. 21 : 16. 
 4:13.1 Sam.26:21, with the accessory ^^^^' ^^- ^J- , 
 
 idea of inadvertence or ignorance. /''''' ^5^ fanatic; spoken 
 
 3. to be giddy, to be intoxicated; from ^V"" f Pr^phets, Jer. 29: 26. Ho9. 
 wine, Is.28:7. Prov. 20: 1 . from love, ^''^- ^^^^ reproachfully of true proph- 
 Prov. 5: 20 wherefore art thou intoxi- ijT^' ^'^^' 
 
 cated, my son, with {the love of) a i^itnpa. to rave, to make one'^s self 
 
 strange woman? Verse 14. ^ "^^'^ ^^: ^ ^am. 21: 15,16. 
 
 Hiph. l.to lead astray. Deut.27:18. . ^^^^^' VH'^- 
 
 2. metaphorically to let wander, "(l^^^ ^- verbal from S^t, madness,^ 
 construed with 1^, Ps. 119: 10. tose- Deut. 28- 28 2K 9- 20 
 duce. entice. J oh 12' 16. -i,.i-: W / ^^ -r^ 
 
 Deriv. r7au;?3, comp. also nariJW, ^?.9 ^- ^^^ ^^- ^^' ^^"^t. ^^^ Deut. 
 j^j^^y^^ ' 7:13. 28:4. an o^5;?nn^,yowri^,/a- 
 
 T * tus. (Root Syr. and Chald. mmV. 
 
 n)^"I3 ^ound only in Hiph. to look, see, emisit.) 
 
 view; e. g. from a window. Cant. 2: ItD Lam. 4:3. dual d';'!'^ , const. 
 9. Construed with bi<, Is. 14: 16. Al- ^TiJ m. (Hos. 9:14. Cant. 4: 5.) 
 so with ]J2, Ps. 33 : *14. (In Chald. breasts; spoken of men. Cant. 4 : 5. 
 providere, JinS'Ijn providentia.) 8: 1. of animals. Gen. 49: 25. (In Ar 
 
 Mi^'^^d f. dec.'x! a transgression from ^^- "^*"-) ^^^ '^'^' 
 
 4n;mnce or inadvertence. Ps.l9: 13. "? ^^"^ ^"^^ ^" *^^ P^"^- ^''^'^- '" 
 Root mx I q. rtyii. ' *'^o/*, liter, /ort^*, like t=3''b:?2. Deut. 
 
 ,;..,- _'p, rr 1 ". . 41^ , 32:17. Ps. 106:37. Root '1'i; Arab. 
 
 i"3iD m. Ps. 7 : 1. and m the plur. ^ ^ 
 
 ni3i^:i*ij Hab. 3: 1. a song, an ode, d^ med. Je to ntk; whence. 
 
nitD 
 
 642 
 
 &1:d 
 
 5 ^ ^ ^, , 
 
 ^-^^ a lord. Syr. f 'i* an cij27 rfe- 
 mon. Sejitdaijiiovta. Vnlg. dcernonia. 
 The names of idols are often used 
 by the later Jews for demons. 
 
 I, "l;!} m. i. q. ^-r, prim, a mother's 
 hreast. 5 oh 2-\: 9. Is. 60: 16. 
 
 II. "Tllf , once ^ri; (Job 5; 21.) verbal 
 
 fromTi"^- 
 
 1. violence^ oppression ; either ac- 
 tively, Prov. 21: 7. 24:2. or passive- 
 ly, Ps. 12: 6 tlD"'''.:^; I'D the oppression 
 of the poor. Also goods obtained by 
 violence.^ Am. 3: 10. 
 
 2. desolation.^ destruction; often 
 joined with l?;^. Is. 51: 19. 59: 7. 
 Jer. 48: 3. Hab. 2: 17 nirna nuj 
 desolation by wild beasts. 
 
 ^^123' ! ^0 oppress^ destroy. Ps. 17: 9. 
 Prov. 11: 3. Part, tlb^h '^'l']^ night- 
 ly robbers., Obad. 5. Part. pass, ^^nu: 
 5/ain, Qfea<i, Judg. 5: 27. (In Arab. 1. 
 to fall on ; 2. to strengthen ; conj. II. 
 to harden ; conj. III. to be more vio^ 
 lent than another., to overcome.) 
 
 2. to desolate^ lay waste; a country 
 or city, Ps. 137: 8. Jer.25: 36. a peo- 
 ple, Jer. 47:4, 7. 49: 28. Ps. 91 : 6. 
 Jer. 5: 6. 
 
 Note. The inflection of this verb 
 is in part regular, and in part con- 
 tracted ; e. g. pret. inn"^, with suff. 
 's^TsiJ, fut. "ir^l Ps. 91:6, (as if from 
 ir::.) with suff. C-nu;'^ Jer. 5: 6. and 
 DTi?"; Prov. 11:3. 
 
 Niph. to be laid waste. Mic. 2: 4. 
 
 Pi. i. q. Kal no. 1. Prov. 19: 26. 
 24: 15. 
 
 Pu. Tl^p and '1'J)D (Nah. 3 : 7.) 
 to be hid waste., pass, of Kal no. 2. 
 Is. 15 : 1. 23 : 1. Jer. 4 : 13. 
 48 : 1. 
 
 Po. to destroy. Hos. 10: 2. 
 
 Hoph. Tjjrin pass. Is. 35: 1. Hos. 
 10: 14. 
 In'^D fem.' of T^, dec. X. liter, a lady., 
 
 T 
 
 princess., whence a wife^ concubine. 
 5 I 
 
 (Comp. B<A^ domina,, conjuXr In- 
 
 stead of % stands Hirik defect- 
 ive with Dagesh forte following; 
 comp. '^^'^^z^ and ^?.:.^E, u;^^"["< and 
 uji73p.) Ecc. 2: 8 niiu;') rr^p a wife 
 and wives., i. e. concubines of every 
 description. Compare the context, 
 which requires that the harem 
 should be mentioned among the de- 
 lights of an eastern king, and the 
 preceding word r)^:^.:^';!! luxurious- 
 ness., (comp. Cant. 7: 7.) Aben Ezra 
 derives this same signification, but 
 less suitably, from *T^ the female 
 breast., whence a female., like DH"} 
 Judg. 5: 30. 
 '^'^Q m. the Almighty., an epithet of Je- 
 hovah, sometimes in the phrase bfi$ 
 ^t:;. Gen. 17:1. 28: 3. Ex. 6: 3. and 
 sometimes standing by itself. Job 5: 
 17, and frequently in this book. Ruth 
 1: 20, 21. The form is the pluralis 
 excellentiae from a sing. T*D mighty., 
 
 (comp. Arab.'-^'*"^ mighty., violent., 
 
 under the root T^'vb.) '^_. is the an- 
 cient plural termination, as in ^^y^.- 
 Sept.generally navTOY.^G^TO}^. Vulg. 
 in the pentateuch Omnipotens. 
 I^'^'O Job 19: 29. not a proper word, 
 
 but compounded of the prefix ':J 
 = TiL'N and '^^1 judgment., hence 
 that there is a judgment. So in the 
 Keri, I'^'xb. 
 
 I. ul21JD f~ Is. 37: 27. blighted grain, 
 
 i. q. HDTii in the parallel passage 
 
 2 K. 19: 26. by a commutation of 72 
 and V\. See under the letter n. 
 
 II. n^T^, plur. nittTi}, const. 
 nnT:'!-^;, dec. XI. d. a field. Jer. 
 
 31: 40. 2 K. 23 : 4. Deut. 32 : 32. 
 In the two remaining passages (Is. 
 16: 8. Hab. 3: 17.) it is construed 
 with a verb in the singular. It is 
 found in none of the kindred dialects, 
 but the signification given above is 
 sufficiently evident from the connex- 
 ion and from the ancient versions. 
 pl'liU to bum, blacken, blast, blight^ 
 spoken of the injurious effects of the 
 
6^1 
 
 643 
 
 nra 
 
 east wind on the grain. Gen. 41: 23, 
 27. (Arab, with t: to be dark^ to be 
 black ; Chald. PjnuJ to burn.) Hence 
 
 njiU3 f. verbal from >)nuj, blighted 
 grain. 2 K. 19: 26. 
 
 'JlS'lill) m. verbal from >|tl"^S ^^*^- 
 ing (of corn or g-rain.) 1 K. 8: 37. 
 Amos 4: 9. Deut. 28: 22. According 
 to Gen. 41: 6 ff. it is sometimes an 
 effect of the east wind. 
 
 Tl'l i23 Chald. Ithpa. to exert oneh self., 
 construed with r. Dan. 6: 15. Else- 
 where in Chald. and Rabbin, i^n^r^ ; 
 see the letter \^ p. 322. 
 
 CHuli na. name of a precious stone. 
 
 Gen. 2: 12. Ex. 28: 9, 20. 35: 9, 27. 
 Job 28: 16. Ezek. 28: 13. Most of 
 the ancient versions make it the sar- 
 donyx. Others : the Jlesh-coloured 
 onyx with whitish lines ; (com p. the 
 
 '> <:. I y 
 Arab. (*'***^ a striped garment.) 
 *)^ Job 15: 31 Keth. i. q. N"]^. 
 
 Ji^'lU3 i- q- the root nfij'i; q. v. 
 
 ^"^"Q m. dec. I. ruin., destruction. Ps. 
 
 35: 17. Root NiUJ = HiJ^. See the 
 
 fern. HiSrj. 
 5<VJ3 m- (read shav) a segolated form, 
 
 like ni73, but without the furtive 
 Segol, like C'lip. Root NrJ:,(whence 
 j^Vw, like r^h from n^?3,)Arab. (with 
 I \jJ) io be bad., wicked. 
 
 1. what is vain., vanity. Job 15: 
 31. j<T^ i^iri vain idols, Ps. 31: 
 
 7. Hence 
 
 2. what is useless., to no purpose or 
 in vain. Mai. 3: 14 D^nb?; ^H ^T^ 
 it is in vain to serve God. Hence 
 fi<raJb in vain., to no purpose., Jer. 2: 
 
 30.' 4: 30. 6: 29. 
 
 3. what is false or deceitful., a lie., 
 falsehood. Ps. 12: 3. 41: 7. Job 31: 
 
 5. ^1*^ i^'D'J^ a false report., Ex.23: 1. 
 fi^iu: n^. a false witness., Deut. 5: 17. 
 
 Ex. 20: 7 n)rr nt^m, Ni^n fi<b 
 
 t^ydSb thou shalt not utter the name of 
 Jehovah on a falsehood^ i. e. thou 
 
 shalt not swear falsely ; comp. Ps. 
 24: 4. 
 
 4. wickedness., (comp. ^J^.N.) "^nia 
 fi^rii the wicked^ Job 11: 11 Is. 5: 
 18 MTkZ^n 'V.^n conif5 of wickedness. 
 
 5. trouble., affliction., destruction. 
 Job 7: 3. Is. 30 : 28 N1UJ nD3 </ic 
 sieDC or winnowingfan of destruC' 
 tion. 
 
 n^iVib f- verbal from kN'lUJ = "ntVD 
 
 q. V. dec. X. 
 
 1. a storm., tempest. Prov. 1 : 27 
 when your fear comeih as a tempest. 
 (In the Kethib niN;^.) Ezek. 38 : 9. 
 
 2. sudden destruction^ ruin. Ps. 63: 
 10 ''pC? TdJj^l"; ni$TvL-b they seek af- 
 ter my life to destroy it. Is. 10: 3. 47: 
 11. Ps. 35: 8. 
 
 3. desolation. Usually connected, 
 by way of paronomasia, with the sy- 
 nonymous word nfi<rij73. Zeph. 1: 
 15. Hence desolated countries^ ruins, 
 Job 30: 3, 14. 38: 27. 
 
 D'1^, infin. absol. niuj,fut. in23^,apoc. 
 
 1. to turn., turn back., return. 1^^ 
 '2.t)^ he that goeth and he that return- 
 eth, Ezek 35: 7. Zech. 7 : 14. 9: 8. 
 (Comp. N:i'^T N3.) The following 
 constructions are worthy of notice, 
 (l.) with b and bN, to turn or return 
 to a person or thing, e. g. to Jeho- 
 vah, 1 K. 8: 33. Ps. 22: 28. So with 
 by, 2 Chr. 30: 9. with -jy. Is. 19: 22. 
 Joel 2: 12. Amos 4 : 6 ff. with 2, 
 Hos. 12: 7. Without addition, to re- 
 turn^ be converted., Jer. 3: 12, 14, 22. 
 2 Chr. 6: 24. Is. 1: 27 rt'^^*-^ her 
 {Zion'^s) converted citizens. (2.) 
 with ]73, to cease., desist ; e.g. from 
 a purpose, Jer. 4 : 28. from good, 
 Ezek. 18: 24. from evil, Ezek. 3: 
 19. 14: 6. Job 36: 10. from anger, 
 Ex. 32: 12. Also in phrases as m^ 
 anger ceases or is turned away from 
 a person. Gen. 27 : 45. 2 Chr. 12 : 
 12. and without addition, ""EN :iX my 
 anger ceases.. Gen. 27: 44. Is. 5: 25. 
 12: 1. Prov. 25: 10 and thy shame 
 cease not. (3.) with ''':.nN?3, to turn 
 back from a person whom one haS 
 
nitT) 
 
 644 
 
 mt23 
 
 followed, Ruth 1. 16. or persecuted, 
 2 Sam. 2: 26, 30. hence to turn away^ 
 to apostatize ; e. g. from Jehovah, 
 Josh. 22: 16, 23, 29. 1 Sam. 15: 11. 
 (without addition Josh. 23: 12.) (4.) 
 to come hack to the possession of a 
 thing, construed with bii^.. Ezek. 7: 
 13. Is. 23: 17. Lev. 25: iO. 
 
 2. spoken of things without life, 
 to go or come back^ particularly in 
 the following phrases; {l.)to be turned 
 into any thing again ; e. g. Is. 29: 17. 
 comp. Gen. 3: 19. Ecc. 3: 20. (2.) to 
 he given back (to its former owner,) 
 construed with b. Lev. 27: 24. Deut. 
 28:31. 1 Sam. 7: 14. 1 K. 12: 26. 
 (3.) to be recalled^ to continue unful- 
 filled^ spoken of a command, a proph- 
 ecy, (the opposite of Nis to be ful- 
 filled.) Is. 45: 23. 55: 11. Ezek. 7: 
 13. (4.) to be recovered.^ to be restor- 
 ed ; spoken of cities, Ezek. 35 : 9 
 Keri. 1 Sam. 7: 14. comp. Ezek. 16: 
 55. of a diseased member, 1 K. 13: 
 6. 2 K. 5: 10, 14. Ex. 4: 7. 
 
 3. joined with another verb, it 
 forms a periphrasis of the adverbs 
 agaiv anew. It is then connected 
 with a finite verb with and without 
 a copula ; e. g. Gen. 30: 31 nilT^IJi^ 
 My^ni^. I will feed again. 26: 18. Josh. 
 5: 2. 2 K. 1: 13 nb^L'^} iUi^T and he 
 sent again. 20: 5. Is.' 6: 13. With an 
 infin. Job 7: 7. 
 
 4. causat. as in Hiph. (l.) to lead 
 or bring back. Num. 10: 36. Ps. 85: 
 5. Particularly in the phrase nnuj 
 niiT23 to bring back captives.^ see 
 n!inu3. (2.) to restore. Nah. 2 : 3. 
 The Kethib frequently has n^u;^ in 
 a causative sense, where the Keri 
 has n>i;\ 
 
 T 
 
 Pil. mi -3 1. to lead or bring back. 
 Jer. 50: 19. 
 
 2. to convert. Is. 49: 5. See Kal 
 
 110.1.(1.) 
 
 3. to make rebellious^ to pervert. Is. 
 47: 10. See Kal no. 1.(3.) 
 
 4. to restore. Is. 58: 12. Prob. Ps. 
 60: 3. 
 
 5. 1L'B3 STl3 to animate or invigorate 
 
 the soul. ?s. 23: 3. Comp. *L'D: I'^'qrr. 
 
 Pul aiTilJ pass, whence the part. 
 
 niir4l^ brought back^ i. e. escaped, 
 delivered, Ezek. 38: 8. 
 
 Hiph. n'u;n, fut. i-^ij^, apoc. S'2?.;t . 
 !1'\2k^], ^0 cause to turn back; hence' 
 
 1. to bring or lead hack., e. g. pris- 
 oners. Jer. 32 : 44. 33 : 11. 49 : 6, 
 39. Hence to drive back., to keep off^ 
 to hinder. Job 9: 12. 11: 10. 23: 13. 
 Is. 14: 27. 43: 13. Particularly (l.) 
 joined with D''2S , to turn away 
 the face of a person, i. e. to refuse 
 or deny his request. 1 K. 2: 16, 17, 
 20. 2 Chr. 6: 42. (2.) with \L5:, to 
 bring back the life of a person, i. e. 
 to relieve or refresh him. Ruth 4: 
 15. Lam. 1:11, 16, 19. Metaphori- 
 cally Ps. 19: 8. (By weariness life 
 is as it were exhausted, by refresh- 
 ment it is restored again, comp. 1 
 Sam. 30: 12. Judg. 15:19.) (3.) with 
 Pl^, !i;^tli i^ *^^"^^ 0^ assuage anger. 
 Job 9: 13. Ps. 78: 38. 106: 23. Con- 
 strued with ]T2 from a person, Prov. 
 24: 18. 172 n'ln'^ n?2n l''^n to turn 
 away the wrath of Jehovah from a 
 person, Num. 25: 11. Ezra 10: 14. 
 
 2. to give back., to restore., constru- 
 ed with a dative of the person. Ex. 
 22: 25. Deut. 22: 2. Particularly to 
 make good., replace ; e. g. what is 
 stolen. Lev. 5: 23. [6: 4.] a trespass, 
 Num. 5: 7. Hence (l.) to compen- 
 sate^ recompense; construed with a 
 dative, Ps. 18: 21. 116: 12. with b?, 
 Ps. 94: 23. and without a mention 
 of the person, Prov. 17: 13. with an 
 accus. and dative, Gen. 50: 15. (2.) 
 ^'21 l''^n to return word, to answer^ 
 construed with an accus. of the per- 
 son, (like nzv.) 1 K. 12: 6, 9, 16. 
 Also to bring^word or answer^ Num. 
 22: 8. 13: 27. 2 Sam. 24: 13. The 
 former is also expressed with 0"^^,^^, 
 Prov. 22: 21. with "j-^b^, Job 35: 4. 
 without addition, 2 Chr. 10: 16. Job 
 35: 5. 
 
 3. to bring again., to bring repeat- 
 edly ; as a tribute, 2 K. 3: 4. 17: 3. 
 2 Chr. 27: 5. Ps. 72: 10. an offering, 
 Num. 18: 9. So in Lat. sacra refer- 
 re, Virg. Georg. i. 339. ^n. v. 598. 
 603. 
 
 4. to recal., revoke, e. g. a blessing. 
 
riMD 
 
 645 
 
 T\r^ 
 
 Num. 23: 20. an edict, Est. 8: 5, 8 
 n^UJnb jj'^i* it is irrevocable. Am. 1: 
 3 ff for many transgressions of Da- 
 mascus I will not revoke it^ scil. what 
 1 have decreed. (Comp. verses 4, 5. 
 and Num. 23: 20.) 
 
 5. to restore. Is. 1: 26. Dan. 9 : 
 25. 
 
 6. simply to iurn^ direct^ apply. 
 Hence (l.) ^\ bi< i'^U^n to lay to 
 hearty to consider. Deut. 4: 39. 30: 1. 
 With by, Is. 46:8. Hence to repent.^ 
 1 K. 8 r 47. (2.) with CDS, to turn 
 away one'^s face., Ezek. 14: 6. and 
 without 0^32, 18: 30, 32. Construed 
 with b, to turn one'* s face to a place, 
 Dan. il: 18, 19. 
 
 Hoph. 'D.'pfn to he brought., led., giv- 
 en back. Gen. 42: 28. 43: 12. Num. 
 5: 8. etc. 
 
 Deriv. out of course ^I'^'ii, ^liTi;72, 
 
 DDl^ m. verbal adj. from STl*, dec. 
 
 T 
 
 II. b. rebellious., backsliding. Jer. 3: 
 14,22. Is. 57: 17. 
 DD1t3 , fem. nnnrr- , verbal adj. 
 
 from illZJ, rebellious^ backsliding. Jer. 
 
 31:22. 49:4. 
 TTJ3 desolation^ see '7lD. 
 I'^l'ji, whence the fut. ^r^\see 1^12}. 
 
 T _ ^ 
 
 I. nltD 1- to be even. See PL 
 
 X T 
 
 2. to be equal., e. g. in value, con- 
 strued with 2. Prov. 3: 15. 8:11. Est. 
 
 7: 4 ^bTaii ptbn niu; ^^n "j^ij "^3 aZ- 
 though the enemy could not equal., i. e. 
 make good, the damage of the king. 
 Used passively, "'b ni'vD it was re- 
 compensed to me., cequatum est mihi, 
 Job 33: 27. 
 
 3. to be like., construed with b. 
 Prov. 26: 4. Is. 40: 25. 
 
 4. to be sufficient., to satisfy. Est. 5: 
 13 "^b ^T2J :i2rj< n'r-b^ all this sat- 
 
 V V V T 
 
 TSj^e5 me no^ 
 
 5. suitable., serviceable., useful. Est. 
 3: 8 }liu3 'J'^iJ ^b72b it is not useful 
 to the king. 
 
 Pi. 1. to make plain or even. Is. 
 28: 25. Joined with \2;5.?., to quiet 
 one''s spirit., to compose one''s mind.^ 
 
 animum componere., Ps. 131 : 2. S<5 
 prob. elliptically Is. 38:13 "I? '^n^'TiJ 
 '^p.i / quieted myself i. e. I waited, 
 till morning. Vulg. and Jerome, spev" 
 abam usque ad mane. The word 
 "^^^NS must then (contrary to the ac- 
 cents) be joined to the following 
 clause. Others, after signif no. 2. po- 
 nebam (me) usque ad mane sicut leo- 
 nem (rugientem,^ I was like till morn- 
 ing to a (roaring) lion. Targ. rugie- 
 bam., ut leo. Or, assimilabam (me.) 
 
 2. to place, put., ponere. (in the 
 Targums more frequent. So ^*^y to 
 place and to compare.) Ps. 16: 8. 21: 
 6. 89:20 niza b? nT:^ ''n'^T^zi Ihave 
 given help to the mighty. 119:30. nj'iJ 
 "^^S to prepare fruit., Hos. 10:1. Con- 
 strued with 3, to make as or like., Ps. 
 18:34. 
 
 Hiph. to compare, liken. Lam. 2: 
 13. 
 II. nVd, in Chald. Ithpa. to fear. In 
 
 Hebrew not used in Kal. Hence 
 perhaps 
 
 Pi. Job 30 : 22 Keth. *^33^172i^ 
 IriTk^n thou makest me despond, 'thou 
 terrifiestme. (In the Keri Ji^^i^in.) 
 The Syriac version likewise has two 
 verbs here. 
 
 Nithpa. (a conjugation, unconv- 
 mon in pure Hebrew, but frequent 
 in Rabbinic, see Gesenius' Lehrgeb. 
 71. 4. Anm.) Prov. 27 : 15 a coTt- 
 tinual dropping in a very rainy day 
 mnu^D D''3')'l D'lJNT and a contentious 
 woman one must be afraid of Oth- 
 ers after no. I. are like to each other 
 Vulg. comparantur. Greek Venet. 
 iaourav. But so direct and appar- 
 ently weak a mode of expressing 
 the comparison is uncommon in 
 the Proverbs. Others change the 
 vowel pointing, and read ninipa 
 which raves or storms ; comp. inO 
 winter, and the Greek ^^ifiaad^rivai, 
 antvXalg, nex^t^l^f^vrai (pQtvsg. Targ. 
 uxor litigiosa, quce rixatur. 
 nViID or ^^'6 Chald. i. q. Heb. rriu: 
 
 X ; X J 
 
 no. I. to be equal, like, suitable. Pa. 
 Dan. 5: 21 Keri m''n Ui> nlaibi 
 
 T : ; < 
 
D^D 
 
 646 
 
 bw 
 
 *iJjp and his heart they made like to the 
 beasts^ i. e. his heart was made like 
 to the beasts. The Kethib reads 
 "^TvL part. pass, of Kal, which is bet- 
 ter" suited to the passage. 
 
 Ithpa. to be made into any thing. 
 Dan. 3: 29. 
 uVO Gen. 14 : 17. proper name of cT 
 
 valley, which is also called the king^s 
 dale. The latter name occurs like- 
 wise 2 Sam: 18: 18. but there is no- 
 thing to determine its locality. If it 
 be the same with D^i^n^np JlVtp Gen. 
 14: 5. it was probably in the neigh- 
 bourhood of Kiriathaim ; but there 
 are two cities of this name^ see p. 
 583. 
 n^;i3 (kindred with nrr^J and JlH'^O 
 1. to sink down. Prov.2:18 'bn Tin^i 
 
 V X IT 
 
 nn"'2 DV2 her house sinks down to 
 hades ; or(since D"]? is elsewhere uni- 
 formly masc.) she sinks down to ha- 
 des with her house., liter, quoad domum 
 suam. Deriv. nn^,^, nry*'^ andnn'vL' 
 a pit. 
 
 2. to be bowed down. Ps. 44 : 26 
 !|3\L,S3 ID^b HHu^ our soul is bowed 
 down to the dust. Lam. 3 : 20 Keri 
 "'kLS^ '^zri "Q^'^^ wiy soul is bowed 
 down within me. Comp. Ps. 42: 7. 
 nVj} proper name of a son of Abra- 
 ham by Keturah. Gen. 25: 2. Hence 
 the patronymic and gentile noun 
 TsTki; a Shuhite^ Job 2:11. 8:1. 25: 
 1. the name of a tribe in Arabia De- 
 serta, called 2^uV'/^itui^ .2ax;fa/o^by 
 Ptolemy, (xv. 5.) 
 
 iinViD f. verbal from n^'r, a pit^ a- 
 byss. Jer. 2. 6. 18: 20. Prov. 22: 14. 
 
 I. 12*111) 1. to row. Part. C^Q'ti: rowers^ 
 Ezek. 27:8, 26. (Arab. ^\^ to whip^ 
 
 whence t2Vi) a whip., scourge.) De- 
 riv: ti";:, 'QrzJ2. 
 
 2. to run to and fro., to seek. Num. 
 11: 8. V"^.^J2 l2rlJ to rove or wan- 
 der through the earth or a country., Job 
 1:7.2:2. particularly for the pur- 
 pose of reviewing, 2 Sam. 24: 2, 8. 
 {These two significations may be 
 
 connected ; comp. the German verbs 
 
 peitschen., rudern.) 
 
 Pil. iTDTvL i. q. Kal no. 2. Jer. 5: 
 1. Am. 8: 12. Zech. 4: 10 the eyes of 
 Jehovah yi.C^rT-binz Zl'^t:L1UJ73 
 which run to and fro through the 
 whole earth. 2 Chr. 16: 9. Metaphor- 
 ically to run over or examine (a writ- 
 ing,) Dan. 12: 4. 
 
 Hithpa. i. q. Pi. Jer. 49: 3. 
 
 H. "QMD Aram. ^^'^ i. q. t:Nu: to de- 
 spise., contemn. Part. t:fi<\2 Ezek. 16= 
 57. 28: 24, 26. See t2i$->L\ 
 
 t^VJJ m. verbal from DTii, dec. I. 
 a whip, scourge. Prov. 26 : 3. 1 
 K. 12: 11. ]r^\ 'Dr the scourge of 
 the (slanderous) tongue., Job 5: 21. 
 Particularly the scourge of God with 
 which he punishes men. Is. 10: 26. 
 Job 9: 23. Is. 28: 15, 18 ?)t:;2:' 'QVli 
 the over/lowing scourge, an incongru- 
 ous figure, for a grievous calamity. 
 (The Arabians have similar expres- 
 sions; see the Coran, Sur. 88: 12. 89: 
 33.) 
 
 ^VO m. dec. I. 
 
 1. ahem. Ex. 28:33,34. 
 
 2. the train or irai/(of a garment.) 
 Is. 6: 1. !3''"r^'L n^i\ to turn up the 
 trail (of one's garment,) indicative 
 of the greatest dishonour, Jer. 13: 
 22, 26. Nah, 3: 5. Root b^X Arab. 
 
 ^^*-**' to be broad, slack, to hang down. 
 ^PTO m* verbal from Vl'^. 
 
 1. stripped, naked. Mic. 1 : 8. Or 
 perhaps more specifically bare-foot- 
 ed, (so the Sept. Syr.) Comp. b'^l 
 to put off (the shoe.) 
 
 2. captive, prisoner. Job 12:17,19. 
 11*^52 /^D Shulammith, proper name of 
 
 the maiden, whose praises are sung 
 in a part, according to others, 
 through the whole of Canticles. 
 Cant. 7: 1. It may be a gentile noun, 
 a Shulamite or Shunamite, from Ul^'ij 
 also called Sulem ; or the fem. of 
 n^^Vi:, after the Arabic form 
 
 (jU-5.Xm/ Suleiman. 
 
;?rj) 
 
 647 
 
 SltD 
 
 DTtSD m- dec. I. garlick. Num. 11: 5. 
 Comp. Celsii Hierobot. T. II. p. 53. 
 
 tpViS proper name of a city in the 
 tribe of Issachar. Josh. 19:18. 1 Sam. 
 28: 4. 2 K. 4: 8. According to Euse- 
 bius,(under the word aov^rj^i,) there 
 was a place Siilem (by a commuta- 
 tion of / and w,)5 Roman miles south 
 of mount Tabor. The gentile n un 
 is -^mzr^i, fem. n^-, 1 K. 1:3. 2: 17. 
 2K.4:12. 
 
 ^rO or ^'Vd found only in Pi. ^IX 
 
 to cry^ particularly for help, constru- 
 ed with bN. Ps. 30: 3. 88: 14. 72: 
 12. Hence' 
 
 I. ^'^123 m. Is. 22: 5. and ^Ti: Job 30: 
 24. verbals from 2T>;3, a cry for help. 
 
 II. >'i;23, also 2?ri; (Job 36: 19.) dec.I. 
 
 1. ncA, opulent., Job 34: 19. Ezek. 
 23: 23. riches., Job 36: 19. 
 
 2. noble., liberal., magnanimous. Is. 
 32: 5. The root i* n X borrows its sig- 
 nification here from^o;;; Arab. %>m^ 
 
 to be broad., also to be rich., mighty ; 
 conj. VIII. X. to be nobleminded., lib- 
 eral. 
 71;!: m. dec. VI. d. Ps. 5 : 3. and 
 
 ny"!^ f. dec. X. verbals from i-VsIj, a 
 cry' for help., a supplication. Ps. 18: 
 7. 39: 13. 102: 2. 
 '^'$^'Q m. dec. I. a/ox. Cant. 2 : 15. 
 Lam. 5: 18. Ezek. 13:4. Ps. 63: 1 1. 
 
 Neh. 3: 35. (Arab. ^3l*!>^ more fre- 
 quently ^^^XjtS* > with ^ annexed ; 
 comp. the proper name C^s^yij, 
 which is also written D^bri:,) 'Un- 
 der this name is included also in 
 common life the jackal., (Pers. Vjtw 
 
 shagal;) comp.Niebuhr's Beschreib. 
 von Arabien, p. 166. and this 
 meaning has been applied to Judg. 
 15: 4. and Ps. 63: 11. since the jack- 
 al is common in Palestine and feeds 
 on carrion. But both of these cir- 
 cumstances are also true of the fox, 
 and the jackal has another name 
 in Hebrew ("^i^.) See Bochar- 
 ti Hieroz. T. 11. p. 190ff. of the 
 Leips. edit. Faber zu Harmer's Be- 
 
 obachtungen, Th. 2. p. 270. Faber'^ 
 Archaologie, Th. 1. p. 140. 
 
 "13^1113 n^- (denom. from ni';;; a gate.) 
 
 dec. VII. b. a porter. 2 K. 7: 10, 1 1. 
 2Chr.31:14. 
 
 nVj] 1- to break or smite in pieces. 
 (So in Chald. Ps. 94: 5. Deut. 9: 21 
 Targ. for the Heb, nn3 ; and more 
 frequently the kindred verbs ^D"(2; , 
 ;]Dd, for the Heb. n:d^, !i:di etc.) 
 Job 9:17 '':?.T^1 !^'7^'^2 *\X^^ who 
 breaks me in pieces with a tempest. 
 Sept. i'AT^tifffj. Vulg. conteret. 
 
 2. i. q. Lat. /eno, Greek tiXtjtto)., 
 to smite., strike ; also spoken of the 
 serpent, to bite. Gen. 3: 15 iX^Ti 
 
 {the seed of the woman) shall smite 
 thee on the head., and thou shalt bite him 
 on the heel. In Hebrew both these 
 ideas are expressed by the same 
 word fi'DZ ; and in Arabic by \^Ui5. 
 
 Syr. (.JiOfj conteret., \m^Z feries. 
 
 Jerome, conteret insidiaberis. See 
 Eichhorn's Urgesch. herausgegeben 
 von Gabler, Th. ii. B. 1. p. 189 ff. 
 B.2. p. 281 if. 
 
 3. perhaps also to press. Ps. 139: 
 11 ""wSryi;"] jwn tenebrce prement.,i.e. 
 occultabunt, me ; comp. node premi^ 
 Mn. VI. 828. silentio premere^ nubi^ 
 bus pressus. Or, darkness is dark about 
 me. In this case P] 1 vLi is supposed to 
 derive its meaning from >\'2jz twilight, 
 darkness. Sept. xakvipet. Symm. 
 intanenaoet. Others compare the 
 Arab. (^\.;X/ vidit., conj. V. ex alto 
 
 prospexit ; hence the darkness sees 
 me. 
 
 ISVd ! plur. ni^sr:;, dec. II. b. a 
 
 horn, trumpet, lituus, different from 
 nn2i::n. Ex. 19: 16. Lev. 25: 9. Je- 
 rome on Hos. 5: 8, buccina pastora- 
 lis est et cornu recurvo efficitur, un- 
 de et proprie Hebraice sophar, 
 Graece ne^uzlvf], appellatur. Sept. 
 GoikmyS, xs^aziv?]. The proper verb 
 to express the blowing of this instru- 
 ment is :>i?n, q. Y. That it was made 
 
nit) 
 
 648 
 
 ^W 
 
 t)f horn, or at least in the shape of 
 a horn, is evident from its being 
 interchanged with "[np., e. g. Josh. 
 6: 5. comp. verses 4, 6, 8, 13. Job 
 
 5 y / 
 
 39 : 25 ^CTsZJ ""is. (Arab, j^-'!^ 
 
 p'^tl) m- <3ec. I. a /eg-, thigh. Cant. 5: 
 15. Ps. 147: 10 u;^i^n '^p.iujn Nb 
 JlUt'^'; he takes no pleasure in the legs 
 of a man^ i. e. in infantry, in oppo- 
 tion to cavalry. Judg. 15:8 fj^l 
 ?7'^'' i^5> PIUJ firiN and he smote them 
 Ai/} awrf iAi-A, a proverbial expres- 
 sion, for Ae ^moie i^em a//, {b^ here 
 signifies with^ together with; see h^ 
 no.l3.)Spokenalso of animals, Ex.29: 
 22,27. 1 Sam. 9: 24. Dual D^JDV^ 
 Prov. 26: 7.-Kindred with prIJ and 
 pjT*^ <o run. 
 
 p*!)^ in Kal not used. Prob. to run^ 
 like pp"^, comp. pix a thigh^ and 
 pTli a street. 
 
 Hiph. ^0 rwn over.) to overjlow. Jo- 
 el 2: 24 uji-i^n D'^ni^^n ^p''*i5n the 
 fats shall over/low with wine. 4: 13. 
 [3: 13.] It governs an accus. like 
 verbs of plenty. 
 
 Pil. pp.Ti; causat. of Hiph. to cause 
 to overjlow.) to water abundantly. Ps. 
 65: 10. 
 
 pVJ3 m. verbal from pTl', dec. VI. a. 
 a street. Prov. 7: 8. Ecc. 12: 4, 5. 
 Plur. D^prii, (like U'^^'n from nil,) 
 Cant. 3: ' 
 
 y\tl m. plur. h^^r:5 (Hos. 12: 12.) 
 dec. VI. z. an ox, an animal of the 
 ox kind.) without respect to age or 
 sex. Is. 1: 3. Used particularly in 
 general notices of different animals, 
 Ex. 22: 1. [21: 37.] Lev. 22: 23, 28. 
 27: 26. Num. 18: 17. Deut. 14: 4. 
 For the collective noun, the He- 
 brews used "ij^a q. v. to which iTiZ; 
 has the same relation, as In1l5 to "jNii. 
 In Gen.32:6,it is, however, used col- 
 lectively like the other nomina uni- 
 tatis nn:^, tinsr, *1^:an, for servants., 
 maidens.) asses., (but the collective 
 floun ]5ii is subjoined, probably be- 
 
 cause nip appeared unappropriate.)rn 
 many passages the connexion shows 
 that a calf^ (Lev. 22 : 27.) or 
 a cow, (Job 21: 10.) is intended; 
 but the word itself is gener- 
 ic. It is an epicene noun and of the 
 masculine gender even when spo- 
 ken of female animals, Job 21: 10 
 "IZS? 1*1 iu; his cow becomes preg- 
 nant. (In Arab, jf^'i an ox ; in Aram. 
 N'lin also a calf.) 
 
 I. 1^^, fut. 'IT^-^, to see, behold, view. 
 Job 7: 8. 24: 15. Construed with an 
 accus. Num. 23 : 9. Job 35 : 5. 
 Particularly {l.) to look down. Cant, 
 4: 8. (2.) to look graciously. Hos. 14: 
 9. (3.) to lay wait. Jer. 5: 26. Hos. 
 13: 7. (4.) to regard. Job 33 : 14. 
 35: 13. 
 
 II. 1V^ ^0^0, to travel, journey. (Arab. 
 ^'^'^ f\jM idem; comp. in Chald. 
 
 Mn^'ij a caravan. Also in Palmyr. 
 comp. Tychsen's Element. Syr.p.74.) 
 Ezek. 27: 25 ^^niTJ: uj'^p'nn ni'-zij 
 ^n'nyTS the ships of Tarshish are thy 
 caravans for thy traffic, i. e. they go 
 out in caravans or squadrons to carry 
 on thy commerce. Construed with 
 2, to go with a thing, i. e. to carry it, 
 (comp 3 no. 2.) Is. 57 : 9. Deriv. 
 ;T^^u;ri a present. 
 
 III. "Tl'ib i. q. "I^IJ to sing, q. v. 
 
 I. ")^^ m- dec. I. i. q. ^^yj an enemy, 
 Ps. 92: 12. 
 
 II. -iVlD dec. L 
 
 5 y 
 
 1. i. q. Arab.jf>^A*' a wall Gen. 
 49 : 22. Ps. 18 : 30. Plur. niirilJ 
 Job 24: 11 Dni^ri; {'S between their 
 walls, i. e. in their houses. 
 
 2. proper name of a city on the 
 borders of Egypt towards Palestine, 
 (Gen. 16: 7. 20: 1. 25: 18. 1 Sam. 
 15: 7. 27: 8.) according to Josephus 
 (Antiq. Jud. VI. 7. 3. comp. 1 Sam. 
 15: 7.) Peliisium. The desert from 
 Palestine to Shur is called Ex. 15: 
 22 ^r^ "^?1^, Num. 33: 8 12^73 
 Dn"^fii{, now llofar. 
 
 -l'!\tD Chald. a wall Ezra 4: 13, 16. 
 
nrrs 
 
 649 
 
 nn^j: 
 
 Jp^tri m. 1 K. 7 : 19. in pause )\LV1) 
 7: 22, 26. more frequently nSUilUJ 
 f. plur. D^Si^riJ, dec. VIII. h. and X. 
 1. a lily^ various species of 
 which are native in the east and 
 grow in the fields. Cant. 2 : 1,2, 16. 
 4:5. 6:2. 7:3. Hos. 14: 6. The 
 Greek authours also were acquaint- 
 ed with the name aouaov for lily^ 
 6. g. Dioscor. III. 116. Athen. xii. 1. 
 Y'ijW Ti'g^^'q lily-work, (an or- 
 nament on the pillars of the temple,) 
 perhaps work in the form of the 
 lotus, for the lotus is like the lily and 
 was common in Egypt as a decora- 
 tion for pillars, and the Hebrew ar- 
 chitecture generally has a Phenico- 
 Egyptian character, 1 K. 7: 19, 22, 
 66. (Arab, and Syr. idem.) Comp. 
 .^ Celsii Hierob. I. p. 383 ff.) 
 
 2. D:\iy )tv2i Ps. 60 : 1. and 
 fi-^r^^TvlJ Ps.45:l. 69: 1. 80:1. name 
 of a musical instrument. If so called 
 from its resemblance to a lily, then 
 we may suppose it to have been a 
 cymbal. 
 
 3. as a proper name, Dan. 8: 2. 
 Neh. 1: 1. Est. 1 : 2,5. Shushan or 
 Susa, on the river Choaspes, the 
 metropolis of Susiana and winter resi- 
 dence of the Persian kings. (The 
 summer residence was NnTsnN.^ In 
 its place is now a city called Suster 
 or Tusier. 
 
 i&^II^Dp'^D a gentile noun, Chald. the 
 
 inhabitants of Susa. See the preced- 
 ing article, no. 3. Ezra 4: 9. 
 
 rr^tD to set, place, see T)^]^. 
 
 DTtD Chald. found only in the uncom- 
 mon conj. ^I'^t, n'^r-ip tofree,deliver. 
 Fut. zr^l, iniSn. lizV'^, Dan. 3: 15, 
 17, 28. 6 :* 17, 28. In the Targums 
 more common. 
 
 t]TI23 io see, look on, behold. Job 20: 9. 
 
 28: 7. (So all the ancient versions. 
 In Rabbin, ^vd idem.) Cant. 1 : 6 
 tJZ'^Tt '^:n5r^9/or the sun has look- 
 ed, 1. e. shined, on me. 
 ITp Arab. j\jj^ to turn from, right to 
 
 8^ 
 
 left or inwards, to twist. Found only 
 in the Hoph. part. ^Vp72 t^ fine 
 twined linen, Ex. 26: 1, 31, 36. 27: 
 9, 18. 28: 6,8, 15 if. 
 
 H'J m- verbal from nn**^, bowed down, 
 
 cast down. Job 22: 29 D^:''5; r'JO the 
 
 cast down. 
 ^tTilD to give a jDrescnf, particularly for 
 
 freeing a person from punishment. 
 
 Job 6 : 22. Construed with an accus. 
 
 of the person, to load with presents, 
 
 Ezek. 16:33. Hence 
 
 ITW in- verbal from ^rt'^, a gif^ 
 present. 1 K. 15: 19. Particularly to 
 purchase deliverance from punish- 
 ment, 2 K. 16: 8. Prov. 6: 35. (comp. 
 Job 6: 22.) or to bribe any one, e. g. 
 a judge, Ex. 23: 8. Deut. 10: 17. Is, 
 5 : 23. inii; n^b to receive a bribe, 
 Ps. 15: 5. 26: 10. 'l Sam. 8: 3. Prov. 
 17:8 rbya -^ri^a ^n^=n -jn ^nfij a 
 
 precious stone is a gift to its master, 
 i. e. to him that receives it ; (comp* 
 b^? no. 1.) 
 nnti (comp. nvr and nn^y.) 
 
 ^ 1. to bow down. Is. 51:23. In Chald} 
 more frequent. 
 
 2. to sink down. Comp. the deriv. 
 
 Hiph. r:n*4;?T[ to cau^e io bow down>:: 
 Prov. 12:25.* 
 
 Hithpal. ninn^ijn (with a doub- 
 ling of the third radical, like n?.N3, 
 n^N:, for nij:,) futapoc. ^nnuJ% in 
 pause ^Tirriil (Milel,) infin. (after 
 
 the Chaldaic form) tT^innttJr: (2 K. 
 5:18.) "'*" -^ 
 
 1. to bow down, to prostrate one's 
 self, as a testimony of respect and 
 reverence, nQoayivvilv ; often with 
 the addition of ni")J< D'^SN with the 
 face to the earth. Gen. 19:1. 42:6. 
 48:12. The person before whom 
 one prostrates himself is preceded 
 by ^, Gen. 23: 7. 37 : 7, 9, 10. more 
 rarely by ".^Sb, 23 : 12. This token 
 of respect was shown sometimes 
 to equals. Gen. 23:7. 37: 7, 9, 10. 
 33: 3, 6. sometimes to superiors, e.g. 
 to kings and princes, 2 Sam. 9:8. 
 and especially to the deity ; hence 
 
-onu] 
 
 650 
 
 bn'6 
 
 2. to prostrate one's self (before 
 God,) to worship, adore. Gen. 22 : 5. 
 1 Sam. 1 : 3. Sometimes without a 
 prostration, as upon one's bed. Gen. 
 47:31. IK. 1:47. This prostration 
 was also a sign of homage or alle- 
 giance ; hence 
 
 3. to do homage. Ps. 45: 1 2 he is thy 
 lord, ib ''^n'3'''i^n ^^ homage to him. 
 
 Note. Dn.'i'jnnr^ Ezek. 8: 16, is 
 probably a corrupted reading for 
 - tzi^nnnirQ. 
 
 ninp see nin'p. 
 
 nlHiS f- verbal from niniD no. 2. dec. 
 I. a pit. Prov. 28: 10. Comp. nillj. 
 ntVD i. q- t}^^ and Tt^'^. 
 
 1 . to stoop, bow down, couch, as an- 
 
 2. to kill, murder, (men.) 2 K 25r 
 7. Jer. 39 : 6. tJniU) Vn Jer. 9 r 7 
 Keth. a deadly arrow. In the Keri 
 t3^ri\L; probably in the same sense. 
 
 3. "l::i nt nriT IK. lO : 16, 17. 2 
 Chr. 9: 1 5, 1 6. prob. gold mixed with 
 alloy. (In Arabic this verb, like the 
 Heb. bn73, is applied to the adultera- 
 tion of wine.) Sept. beaten gold; 
 comp. by transposition Tl'Q'D to 
 spread out. 
 
 Vn i23 ni. dec. I. a bile, sore, ulcer. Ex. 
 
 9:9,11. Lev. 13:18 20. "J -^niy 
 tD^^SiTS the botch of Egypt, prob. th'e 
 elephantiasis, which is endemic in E- 
 gypt. It affects particularly the feet, 
 which immediately swell up, lose 
 their flexibility, and become stiff 
 like the feet of elephants, whence 
 the name of the disease. Deut. 28- 
 27, 35. It is used of the sores of 
 the leprosy, or of the elephantiasis, 
 Job 2: 7, Comp. Schilling de Lepra, 
 p. 184. Plin. XXVI. 5. (Root Arab. 
 (^:sXjm to be hot, inflamed ; Syr. 
 ^^.JD to suppurate.) 
 
 imals lurking for prey. Job 38: 40. 
 
 2. to be brought low, to be bowed 
 down, Ps. 107:39. Job 9: 13. Is. 2: 
 11, 17. to bend or bow one''s self. Is. 
 60: 14 niniZJ 'T'b>N5 Obfl*l and {hey 
 shall come bending unto thee. Prov. 
 14:19. 
 
 3. to be bowed down (with sorrow.) 
 Ps. 35: 14. 38: 7. Lam. 3: 20 Keri. O'^Tl'O m. Is. 37:30. that which grows 
 
 4. to sink. Hab. 3:6 the eternal up If itself the third year after sowing, 
 hills do sink. Ps. 10:10. i. q. 'd-^nD in the parallel passage, 
 
 Note. The forms which occur are q. v. Some MSS. read here Ui-'nD, 
 "nin^^ , ^ nd and i nnuj, fut. nuj\ others *2)"nu5. 
 
 Niph. 1. to be bowed down. Is. 2: q^j-jp m. thinness. Ezek. 41: 16 Pj-'TO 
 
 2. to be depressed, 7nade low, s^fok- ' . ' ^i -'^' 
 
 en of the voice and of singers. Ecc. n'^riiD f- plur. nin''rUJ, dec. I. a pit. 
 
 12:4. Is.29:4 ^n-i^N n-J^n ^5:?731oM^ 
 
 ^1*.^. 
 
 
 ^ , , , Ps. 107:20. Lam. 4: 20. Root 
 
 of the dust shall thy depressed speech qq . 2. to sink. 
 
 TT.* 1 ^ , . ^r J T ^Hil} ni. a lion, used only in poetry. 
 
 Hiph. to bring or throw down. Is. ^ ' * " ' ^ r j 
 
 25:12. 26:5. 
 
 Hithpo. to be cast down, spoken of 
 the soul. Ps. 42: 7, 12. 43: 5. 
 
 Deriv. n;. 
 
 onto L io kill, slay, (animals.) Gen. 
 
 37 :31. Particularly for sacrifice. 
 Lev. 1:5, 11. Hos. 5 : 2 HDnu? 
 ^p"'73S;;^ C^^U? in slaying (of sacrifi- 
 ces) they sin greatly- In reference 
 
 Job 4: 10. 10:16. 28: 8. Ps.91: 13. 
 Prov. 26: 13. Hos. 5: 14. 13: 7. Ac- 
 cording to Bochart (Hieroz. I. 717.) 
 strictly the blackish lion of Syria, 
 (Plin. H. N. VIII. 17.) comp. n*n'.a 
 black, (by a commutation of b and ^.) 
 Better asa poetical epithet,^^* roarer, 
 
 comp. Arab. Jv.^^'^' vox in pectore 
 reciprocata, spec, rugitui. 
 
 to the sacrifice of human bemgs, nSj-iwn f. Ex. 30:34. according to 
 
 ,Gen. 22: 10. Is. 57: 5. '"'^ . . t . i. 
 
 most of the versions, Jewish com- 
 
pnri 
 
 651 
 
 nn\!3 
 
 tnentators and Talmudists, ovvi^ 
 unguis odoratus^ onycha^ blatta By- 
 zantina of the shops. It consists of 
 the shells of several kinds of mus- 
 cles, which, when burnt, yield a 
 smell like to castoreum. See Dios- j'^H^ ^' dec. VI. c 
 
 2. to wear away. Job 14: 19 t3^3iN 
 d"^^ ^pn'^ the waters wear away the 
 stones. (In Arab, to wear out^ e. g. a 
 garment.) 
 
 corid. II. 10. and the passages from 
 the Arabic writers quoted by Bo- 
 chart, (Hieroz. T. II. p. 803 if.) 
 Root bn^ prob. i. q. Arab. VsrXiuu 
 
 to shell or Jiake o^f*, (comp. ^bn"^"^ a 
 date-shelly) hence rii;nuj a muscle- 
 shell. If it were not for the author- 
 ity of the ancient versions, the col- 
 lation of the word with the Syr. 
 
 Vi.K.A to distil., exude^ would lead to 
 the idea of a resinous fragrant sub- 
 stance of the vegetable kingdom, 
 perhaps bdellium^ and this Bochart 
 prefers, since Dioscorides and Pliny 
 have compared the pieces of this 
 gum, on account of their smooth- 
 ness, with nails {unguibus.) 
 
 fjIlD Arab. 0^3Z"Luw to be lean^ to 
 waste away. Hence 
 
 fjriip m. Lev. 11: 16. name of a bird, 
 according to the Sept. and Vulg. la- 
 rus^ the sea-gull^ a very lank bird. 
 But the birds mentioned in connex- 
 ion with it are not sea-fowls. Hence [ [^ *^H^ to seek. 
 others : the horned owl., the night-owl.^ 
 the leanest of all birds, although it 
 is a great eater. 
 
 nSntp f. verbal from obsol. flH'-^? 
 
 consumption^ tabes. Lev. 26: 16. Deut. 
 28: 22. 
 
 m. majesty ., pride. (Arab. 
 _ c- ^ 
 U^^iS^^, Talmud, yn'ij idem.) 
 Found only Job 28: 8. 41 : 26 [41: 
 34] yn;^ "^zz Yulg.Jilii superbice.,the 
 haughty ones, spoken of great beasts 
 of prey, e. g. lions, etc. The Tar- 
 gum has lions in chap. 28 : 8. but 
 the meaning is evidently more gen- 
 eral in chap. 41 : 26. Comp. Bo- 
 charti Hieroz. L p. 718. 
 pnil^ L to pound or bruise in pieces. 
 
 yno 
 
 1. dust. Is. 40: 15. 
 5 c X 
 
 2. a cloud., (comp. L-X.s:Taa/ nubes 
 tenuis.) Found only in the plur. Job 
 36 : 28. Fs. 78 : 23. Prov. 3 : 20, 
 (which passages ascribe to them 
 rain.) Fs. 77:18, (which ascribes 
 to them thunder.) In Job 38 : 37, 
 their number is spoken of. 
 
 3. Flur. i. q. U^^JZ^D and 5''p"^, the 
 heavens., the sky. Job 37 : 18 canst 
 thou, like him, spread out the sky 
 which is strong like a molten mirror ? 
 Frov. 8: 28. Job 37: 21. It often 
 stands in parallelism with D")^'^ and 
 as the residence of Jehovah, Deut. 
 33: 26. Job 35: 5. Fs. 68: 35. So in 
 the singular, Fs. 89: 7, 38. (In Sa- 
 mar. rT^pn'iJ stands for D'^T:;!: Gen. 
 7:19.) ' 
 
 *nriu3 to be black, (in Aram, idem.) 
 Job 30: 30 '^'b^^JZ ^nt ^^h^ my skin 
 is black (and comes off) J'rom me. 
 Deriv. "nnu?, nnnn'J. 
 
 In Kal only Prov. 
 
 11: 27^ 
 
 Pi. "^H'^J to seek ; construed with 
 an accus. Job 7: 21. Prov. 7: 15. 8: 
 17. with}?. Job 24: 5. Prov. 13: 
 24 '^Dn^ T'^nip T3nN he that Icrvetk 
 him {his son) seeketh, i. e. prepare th, 
 for him correction. The suffix here 
 supplies the place of a dative. The 
 phrase to seek God denotes (l.) to 
 
 4..^^ ^.7 ^^1-P 4^ l.:.^ U^ c. -I e t) 
 
 Ex. 
 
 43. 
 
 turn one''s self to him. Hos. 5: 1 5. Fs. 
 78: 34. Construed with ^N, Job 8: 5. 
 (2.^ to long after him. Fs. 63:2. Is. 26: 
 9. (This verb is usually derived from 
 the noun "in'ij the dawn, and made to 
 signify primarily to do early, to haS' 
 ten, then to seek after any thing. 
 Arab. sru conj. IV. to do early^^. 
 
 Comp. D'^S'iJn.) 
 30: 36. Metaphorically Fs. 18: IHu} m. the morning light, dawn. 
 
nntD 
 
 652 
 
 nnttj 
 
 5/ c ^ 
 
 (Arab.^y-s:T^ idem.) Gen. 19: 15. 
 Josh. 6: 16. irtUJ "^533 the wings of 
 the dawn, Ps. 139: 9. nnujj?. the 
 morning star, Is. 14: 12. Hos. 6: 3 
 iNirb ]i3D '^H'^^S /lis mmg, i. e. the 
 appearance of Jehovah, is sure as 
 the morning. Comp. 10: 15 "Ml^^S 
 nx:^3 nT^Tr in the morning, i. e. ear- 
 ly, he perisheth. As an adv. early, in 
 the morning, Ps. 57: 9. 108: 2. Met- 
 aphorically (l.) a rising, appearance, 
 breaking out, (of misfortune.) Is. 47: 
 
 II. (2.) prosperity. Is. 8 : 20 to the 
 latv, to the testimony ; if they do not 
 speak according to this word, i. e. 
 thus, "nnu? ib ]*N n"4:5< (then know) 
 that no dawn will rise, i. e. no pros- 
 perity will smile, W/70W it {the people^ 
 The words then know are to be 
 supplied, as in chap. 7: 9. or we may 
 supply say to them and retain the 
 usual sense of n^;3^:. Whether 'TkpN 
 can have the force of "^3 signif no. 
 8. or 9. is doubtful. Others make 
 
 5c 
 
 *nn'43 herei. q. Arab. /-srU; magic, 
 
 deception; hence if they speak not 
 according to this oracle, in which is 
 no deception,etc. But this parenthetic 
 clause encumbers the sense. 
 
 iniD m. verbal adj. from nrj'iJ, dec. 
 
 III. a. black; spoken e. g. of the 
 hair, Lev. 13: 31, 37. of horses, 
 Zech. 6: 2, 6. of the skin tanned by 
 the sun, Cant. 1: 5. 
 
 TiniD m. verbal from ^^Ty^D, blackness. 
 Lam. 4: 8. 
 
 "?nn: see in% 
 
 n^nnilD f. youth. Ecc. H: lO. 
 
 *in"lTO,fem. n*i.n")n'iJ, black, spok- 
 en of the countenance. Cant. 1: 6. 
 
 nniD in Kal not used. 
 
 Pi. nri'CJ 1. trans, to destroy ; e. g. 
 a vineyard, Jer. 12:10. a people, 
 Num. 32: 15. Is. 14: 20. to lay waste 
 a city or country. Josh. 22: 33. Gen. 
 19: 13. 2 Sam. 24: 16. to break down 
 
 walls, Ezek. 26: 4. to destroy an in- 
 dividual person, 2 Sam. 1: 14. Amos 
 1: 11 T'^n^ nn-iZ;") he destroyed or 
 cast off his compassion. Ezek. 28: 17 
 ^^nrs^ b? "^n^^n rtn^ii thou destroy- 
 est thy wisdom for the sake of thy beau- 
 ty ; i. e. thou forgettest the one for 
 the other. 
 
 2. intrans. to behave wickedly, to 
 sin. Ex. 32: 7. Deut. 9: 12. 32: 5. 
 
 Hiph. 1. to corrupt, destroy, lay 
 waste ; also to kill, slay. 2 Chr. 24: 
 23. XT' nil; ^ T'^^^ ^^^ destroying an- 
 gel, 2 Sam. 24: 16. also simply 
 n''nu:73rs the destroyer, Ex. 12: 23. 
 nri\rr b^? in the superscriptions of 
 Psalms Lvii. Lvin. lix. lxxv. prob. 
 the beginning of some song, like 
 which these Psalms were to be sung. 
 2. i3-)i n'Tl'iJn Gen. 6: 12. or 
 nnb'^b?? Zeph. 3 : 7. to corrupt one's 
 way, or one'^s actions, i. e. to act wick- 
 edly. Deut. 4: 16. 31: 29. Judg. 2: 
 19. Is. 1: 4. Comp. 3?nn. 
 
 Note. In the phrases n'^n'J:^ X^i\ 
 Prov. 28: 24. and rT^n'v::^ b^'a Prov. 
 18: 9. the word riTTiL^^Q is probably 
 a noun, vir perniciei, (see p. 398.) 
 In the former passage, it is taken 
 in an active sense, a destroyer, mur- 
 derer ; in the latter, in a reflexive 
 sense, a waster, spendthrift. 
 
 Hoph. nnuJn pass. Prov. 25: 26. 
 Mai. 1: 14. "' ' 
 
 Niph. I. to be marred or spoiled. 
 Jer. 13: 7. 
 
 2. to be laid waste or desolated. Ex. 
 8: 20. [8: 24.] 
 
 3. to be corrupt, in a moral sense. 
 Gen. 6:11, 12. 
 
 Deriv. out of course D'TiTrtt, 
 nnu;, nnujig, nnujT:. 
 
 nn^ Chald. to destroy, corrupt. Found 
 
 only in the part. pass. Dan. 2 : 9 
 Nn^nu;5| nS'lD nb72 false and cor- 
 rupt words. Taken in the abstract 
 sense, as a noun of the neuter gen- 
 der, wickedness, crime, Dan. 6: 5. 
 I. nn"i23 m- verbal from nnuj, cor* 
 ruption^ putrefaction, putredo. Job J 7: 
 14. 
 
?p^ 
 
 653 
 
 -itDD 
 
 II. nntl3 f. verbal from r\ri!i, (like 
 nn3 from nn:,) dec. VI. c. 
 
 1. a pit, Ps. 94: 13. Prov. 26: 27. 
 Ezek. 19: 4, 8. a miry pit, a ditch, 
 Job 9: 31. 
 
 2. the grave, Ps. 30: 10. Job 33:18. 
 
 ilDp f. (for r^t::^:, Arab. ixU/,) ^/je 
 acacia, spina JEgyptia of the ancients, 
 {mimosa JVilotica, Linn.) a great tree, 
 with thick branches, which grows 
 in Egypt and Arabia. Its bark is 
 covered with stiff black thorns, and 
 it bears pods like lupines. From its 
 sap the gum Arabic is obtained. 
 The wood, when old, is nearly as 
 black and as hard as ebony. Is. 41: 
 19. Celsii Hierobot. T. I. p. 499. 
 Jablonskii Opuscula ed. te Water, 
 T. I. p. 260. 
 
 Plur. D'^rar; 1. acacia wood. Ex.25: 
 5, 10, 13. 26: 26. 27: 1, 6. 
 
 2. proper name of a valley, in the 
 territory of Moab, on the borders of 
 Palestine, the last station of the Is- 
 raelites. Num. 25: 1. Josh. 2: 1. 3: 
 1. Mic. 6: 5. In full D"'l3Jn hW Jo- 
 el 4: 18. [3: 18.] 
 
 ni^iS to spread out, enlarge. Job 12: 
 23' D"]!**^ nt:^ he enlargeth the na- 
 tions. Particularly to spread out or 
 scatter (on the ground ;) e. g. bones, 
 Jer. 8: 2. quails. Num. 11: 32. peel- 
 ed grain, 2 Sam. 17: 19. 
 
 Pi. to stretch out (the hands.) Ps. 
 88: 10. 
 
 UDui m. verbal from Pil. of DHTIJ, a 
 whip, scourge, i. q. tDlTT. Josh. 23 : 
 13. 
 
 &DUD, fut. 5lb\2J\ 1. to gush or stream 
 
 out, tojlow in abundance. Ps. 78: 20. 
 PlC:i25 W^^ a gushing rain, Ezek. 
 13 : 13. 38 : 22. Spoken meta- 
 phorically of an army, to overflow, 
 overrun, Dan. 11 : 10, 26, 40. Is. 
 10: 22 tlp'i:^ JT^t: it overflows with 
 righteousness or judgment ; {npT^ 
 being here i. q. C2Dip72.) 
 
 2. to overflow, overwhelm, inun- 
 date. Is. 30: 28. 66: 12. Construed 
 with an accus. Ps. 69 : 3 rii;"2UJ 
 ^snCDTZJ the stream overwhelms me. 
 
 Verse 16. 124: 4. Jer. 47: 2. Is. 4S: 
 2. Cant. 8: 6. 
 
 3. to sweep or wash away. Is. 28: 
 17. Job 14: 19 floods wash away the 
 dust of the earth. Ezek. 16: 9. Con- 
 strued with an accus. to wash, rinse^ 
 Lev. 15: 11. 1 K. 22: 38. 
 
 4. metaphorically to rush, spoken 
 of a horse. Jer. 8: 6. Comp. no. 1. 
 
 Niph. 1. to be overrun (by an ar- 
 my.) Dan. 11: 22. 
 
 2. to be washed or rinsed. Lev. 15: 
 12. 
 
 Pu. i. q. Niph. no. 2. Lev. 6: 21. 
 
 vlD" and qO^ m. verbal from P]t:uJ. 
 
 1. an overflowing of waters. Job 
 38: 25. Spoken metaphorically of ao 
 effusion of anger, Prov. 27 : 4. of 
 the devastation of an army, Dan. 
 11:22 7\Xy^7\ ni:^hT the overwhelm^ 
 ing forces. 
 
 2. a flood, inundation. Ps. 32: 6. 
 Nah. 1 : 8. Dan. 9 : 26 Pjt:/^! i22p. 
 his end is with a flood, i. e. sudden^ 
 comp. '^n^^ Hos. 10: 15. 
 
 / J -^ c > 
 "li-S'^p Arab, z"**^^**' to oversee, direct^ 
 manage, (construed with >. -XcO In 
 
 Hebrew found only in the part. 'luJilJ 
 an overseer, officer. It is applied (l.) 
 to the officers of the Israelites in 
 Egypt, and in their march through 
 the wilderness. Ex. 5: 6 19, (where 
 they have the oversight of the peo- 
 ple at work.) Num. 11: 16, (where 
 the 70 elders have this name.) Deut. 
 20: 9. 29: 9. 31: 28. Josh. 1: 10. 3: 
 2, (where they make regulations in 
 the camp.) 8: 33. 23: 2. 24: 1. (2.) 
 to officers in the cities of I^ael. 
 Deut. 16: 18. 1 Chr. 23: 4. 2^ 29. 
 2 Chr. 19: 11. 34: 13. (3.) to higher 
 officers; e. g. 2 Chr. 26: 11, (where 
 the newly raised army is placed un 
 der two leaders, a 'n>b and a "lDu3.) 
 Prov. 6: 7, (where it is joined with 
 V3^12 and ]''i2i$.) Targ. ^nD, IS^O 
 an overseer. Vulg. magistri, duces, 
 exactores. Sept. and Syr. on the con- 
 trary, in most places, yQafifianvg^ 
 
 scriba, (comp. Arab. U.^ to write ;) 
 
n^-is 
 
 654 
 
 Uv^ 
 
 "whence some modern critics have 
 supposed them to be writers of gene- 
 alogical tables^ which, however, does 
 not suit the context of the passages. 
 *1i:p Chald. Dan. 7: 5. prob. a false 
 reading for It^iu a side^ which is 
 found in several MSS. and editions, 
 and is expressed by the ancient ver- 
 sions. (In the Targums IIZO^ which 
 
 is also read in 1 1 MSS. Sjr. j f^\iP, 
 
 5.C/ 
 Arab, r^^**^ idem.) 
 ^vl} m. a present^ found only in the 
 phrase ''UJ b''nin to bring presents. 
 Ps. 68 : 30. 76: 12. Is. 18 : 7. Not 
 found in the kindred dialects in this 
 signification. 
 
 I. n^Vi f. verbal from ntiu3, dec. X. 
 
 a returning ; as a concrete, those that 
 return. Ps. 126: 1. 
 
 II. t]2^p f- (for nn-id^) verbal from 
 
 iVlJ'*, dec. X. a dwellings residence. 2 
 Sam. 19: 33. 
 n'^tlj. To this root belongs, according 
 
 "T -r 
 
 to the most correct grammatical anal- 
 ogy, the usual reading "^UJn, Deut. 
 32: 18. Sept. iyxaTt'kcTifg. Vulg. 
 dereliquisti. (Comp. ''in'^ from Jl^tl-) 
 This root may be i. q. n]UJ, (comp. 
 Sl^tl and tl^n,) in the signification 
 of the Arab, (^^mj conj. IV. to set 
 
 aside^ to leave. But it is more prob- 
 able, that the true root is Jt2;d to for- 
 ^^^,yor5a/:e,(comp.Job 28:4.) A slight 
 change only in the reading would 
 then be necessary, namely "^vprn, (like 
 ^n72r[i. Jer. 18: 23, for iiriDn.) This 
 derivation is favoured by the read- 
 ing of the Samaritan text i^'iJn, 
 JTlin ; and appears to have been 
 adopted by most of the ancient ver- 
 sions. 
 
 DT^tD tofree^ deliver.^ see 2TI23 
 in*'I23 verbal from tiTvi:, dec. X. a 2nt^ 
 i^q. nnm Ps. 119: 85. 57: 7 Keth. 
 
 iirr^tb, nintii, "intri m. sihor, the 
 
 proper name of a river, the Nile, ^o 
 necessarily Is. 23:3 I'^^Zp nhui 3?'nt 
 ^i<^ the seed of Sihor^ the harvest of 
 the Nile. (Vulg. NilL). Jer. 2:18 
 what hast thou to do in the way to 
 ^gypt-) ^0 drink the waters of Sihor ? 
 or what hast thou to do in the way to 
 Assyria^ to drink the waters of the riv- 
 er {Euphrates ?) If a Hebrew ety- 
 mology is to be adopted here, as ia 
 probable from the following article, 
 then this word may be derived from 
 *^T\'J^ to be black ; hence liter, the 
 black.) turbid river, whence the Greek 
 name MtXag, and the Lat. Melo, see 
 Serv. ad Virg. Georg. iv. 291. In 
 two passages (Josh. 13:3. 1 Chr. 
 13: 5.) it is used to express the south- 
 ern boundary of Palestine, like i^n: 
 tD'j'^itTa the brook of EgyjH., i. e. 
 'Pivoxogovga.) (see p. 422, 423.) and 
 it has therefore been supposed by 
 some to denote this same stream. 
 But this sense is not necessary, for 
 the Nile may very well be regard- 
 ed as the boundary of Palestine, 
 (comp. Gen. 15: 18.) 
 
 n:n^ "lir^ir) Josh. 19: 26. name of a 
 
 river on the borders of the tribe of 
 Asher, according to Michaelis, ^w- 
 vius viiri, the glass river .^ i. e. the riv- 
 er Belus, out of the sands of which 
 glass was first made. (See n2nb 
 no. 1.) 
 
 L0']t2D m. verbal from tJTJ::. 
 
 1. i. q. DTja a whip, scourge. Is, 
 28: 15 Keth. 
 
 2. an oar, i. q. t:riJ72. Is. 33: 21. 
 
 n V'^tD found only Gen. 49: 10 2 ^15 
 nb"^9 Nin;. The full reading Jib"^'^ 
 is found in most Jewish MSS. and in 
 nearly all the editions; the defective 
 reading Ti^b'^!) in only 25 Jewish MSS. 
 of Kennicott and 13 of De Rossi, but 
 in all the Samaritan MSS. and the 
 
 . ancient versions appear to have 
 so read it. A few MSS. only have 
 ib'^'iJ and ib'4?. 
 
 All these various readings may be 
 explained, if we regard it as one 
 word^ whether a proper namp 
 
b^iD 
 
 655 
 
 l^tD 
 
 or an appellative. The follow- 
 ing are the most plausible ex- 
 planations; (l.) as a proper name, 
 i. q. Shiloh^ in the following article. 
 According to this, the clause might 
 be rendered, till they come to Shiloh^ 
 i, e. to the land of Canaan ; or so 
 long as they go to Shiloh, (comp. 1^ 
 Tp quamdiu Cant. 1: 12.) i. e. forev- 
 er. (This form actually has the 
 meaning to Shiloh^ Judg. 21: 20. 1 
 Sam. 4 : 4.) (2.) as an appellative, 
 pacijiciis, the bringer of peace^ the 
 prince of peace^ (comp. Is. 9 : 6.) 
 from nb^, after the form *nTt3"'p, 
 *niu;^3. It may then be compared 
 with the name of Solomon, (i. e. the 
 peaceable^ 1 Chr. 22: 9-) and to him 
 the Samaritans expressly refer this 
 prophecy, (Repert. f. bibl. und mor- 
 genl. Literatur, Th. 16. p. 168.) 
 Among the moderns it is also refer- 
 red to Solomon by Alexius ab Aqui- 
 lino, (de Pent. Sam. p. 100.) Rosen- 
 miiiler (de Vers. Pent. Pers. ad h. 1.) 
 Others compare n^V'P ^^^ afterbirth^ 
 hence offspring; rendering the 
 whole clause, so long as the latest 
 posterity. Entirely different the an- 
 cient versions. They regard it as 
 compounded of -UJ i. q. ^'i?;ni and !ib 
 i. q. i^ to him., and suppose it point- 
 ed tC^^ or 515"^. Hence the mean- 
 ing, till he comes to whom it {the scep- 
 tre or the dominion) belongs. Comp. 
 Ezek. 21: 32 t:su;7-]n ib 'lUJN Na-i3? 
 till he comes to whom the right belongs^ 
 (Sept. ly xv>?ix6^,) i. e. the Messi- 
 ah. Perhaps Ezekiel had reference 
 to this passage in Genesis, and gives 
 Its true interpretation. Aqu. Symm. 
 and Sept. (according to the majority 
 of MSS.) (0 (XTiOxecTai. Syr. Saad. is^ 
 c ijus est. Onkelos : Messias^ cvjus est 
 rjgnum. Targ. Jerus. Sept. (accord- 
 ing to the usual reading) ra cctioxsi- 
 fitva ttiTw, what is reserved for him. 
 
 '"h^^ (Judg. 21: 21. Jer. 7: 12.) W^h 
 
 (Ju;]g. 21: 19. 1 Sam. 1: 24. 3: 21.) 
 most frequently nV^iJ (Josh. 18: 1, 8. 
 Judg. 18: 31. 1 Sam'. 1: 3, 9. IK. 2: 
 27.) proper name of a city in the 
 .tribe of Ephraim, where the people 
 
 assembled (Josh. 18: 1.) to set up 
 the tabernacle of the congregation, 
 which continued there till the time 
 of Eli. 1 Sam. 4: 3. It was situated 
 north of Bethel on a high mountain. 
 The full form was ]lb^'d, hence the 
 gentile noun "':b'^-^ 1 K. H: 29. 12; 
 15. Neh. 11: 5. a Shilonite^ an inhab-^ 
 itant of Shiloh. 
 V'piLd Mic. 1: 8 Keth. i. q. bbvj q. v, 
 
 ^dV?) see ib^p. 
 
 'j'^IU m. plur. D''^"'*^, dec. I. urine. Is. 
 
 36: 12. 
 i^l'^i:: Chald. to finish. See ^^i{^ 
 
 "j'^'d, rarely I^UJ (l Sam. 18: 6 Keth.) 
 to sing. Prov. 25 : 20 D''^.^UJ3 ^'i) 
 one that singeth songs. Job 33 : 27 
 D'"J:;:N: b^ l'^'^ he singeth among men^ 
 (comp. Prov. 25: 20.) It is constru- 
 ed (l.) with an accus. of the words 
 sung, Ps. 7: 1. or of the thing cele- 
 brated, Ps. 21: 14. 59: 17. 89: 2. (2.) 
 with !:, to praise or celebrate a per- 
 son, Ps. 13 : 6. 27 : 6. 33: 3. also to 
 sing to or before a person. Is. 5: 1. 
 
 Pil. "i").t; idem. Zeph. 2: 14. Job 
 36: 24 D'^'vIJ3wN} ^^^/6 1'^^, which 
 men praise. Part, ^"^.t;^ a singer., 1 
 Chr. 9: 33. 15: 16. keh. 12: 28 ff. 
 13: 5. 
 Hoph. pass. Is. 26: 1. 
 
 *)^II3 m. verbal from n'^'ii, dec. I. 
 
 ' 1. a song. Judg. 5: 12. Ps. 30: 1. 
 
 In the superscriptions of Psalms 
 
 xLviii. Lxvi. Lxxxiii. cviii. wc find 
 
 ^12172 ^"^'23 connected; in others 
 
 '^'^(^ "ibrXS Ps.LXV.LXVII.LXVin.LXXXVII. 
 
 prob. merely pleonastic. Partic- 
 ularly a song of joy.. Am. 8:3, 10. 
 Cant. 1: 1 tD''-\"''^rt ^v^: the song of 
 songs., I. e. the most beautiful song, 
 (as the title of the book ;) comp. ^^y 
 d'^^'lS'. the most beautiful ornament, E- 
 zek' 16 : 7. tD'^'ins; '15.^ the most ab- 
 ject servant; uy2X ^^Zp the highest 
 heaven, 1 K. 8: 27. This superscrip- 
 tion, (perhaps not from the authoi^ 
 himself,) contains a commendation 
 
n^tD 
 
 656 
 
 M-^23 
 
 of the book, like that of Psalm xlv. 
 nil^'l'; "^^^ a lovely song. Others in- 
 correctly, a song of the many songs., 
 comp. 1 K. 5: 12. [4: 32.] or a song 
 composed of several songs, 
 
 2. a choir of singers. 2 Chr. 29: 28. 
 
 3. instrumental music, ^"^'^j "^^.S 
 instruments of music, 1 Chr. 16 : 42. 
 2 Chr. 7: 66. 34 : 12. Am. 6 : 5. 
 Neh. 12: 28 tD'^nblTT: 1''^J2 music 
 of cymbals. 
 
 in'l'^tl; fem. of ^'"^ dec. X. a song. 
 ]Deut.31:19ff. Ps. 18: 1. Is. 5: 1. 
 
 t23']'ip,Syr. I-Aa.*, white marble, alabas- 
 ter. 1 Chr. 29: 2. Comp. UJT^ no. 1. 
 
 ptD'^tD m. proper name of a king of 
 Egypt, in the time of Jeroboam. 1 
 K. 11:40. 14:25. 2 Chr. 12:5. The 
 Greek writers appear to make no 
 mention of him. 
 
 m'^tli , fut. IT'UJ;, apoc. ti^^l, n^^l, in- 
 fin. absol. n^ (]s.22:7.) synonymous 
 with D^Ti: in nearly all its significa- 
 tions. 
 
 1. to lay, put, set, place; e. g. 
 a'^UJp73 n""43 to lay snares, Ps. 140:6. 
 Jer. 3: 19 D'':^? ^n'^u:i< "^XN: how 
 shall I place thee among the child- 
 ren ? It is construed with an accus. 
 rarely with \, Ps. 73: 18. The more 
 special constructions are (1.) 
 to arrange (an army,) and then 
 with the omission of an accus. 
 r:3n^ or r/3nb73, to set one^s self in 
 
 array, like D^t; no. 1. (l.) Ps. 3:7 
 "'^3'* ^i^X '^'^^who have set themselves 
 against me. Is. 22: 7. (2.) to consti- 
 tute, appoint. IK. 11: 34. Construed 
 with i^y over a thing. Gen. 41 : 33. 
 (3.) construed with ^^ of the person, 
 to lay on any one. Ps. 9: 21 lay fear 
 upon them. Particularly something to 
 be done, Ex. 21: 22. Also to charge, 
 impute, make responsible, Num. 12: 
 11. See on tJ no. 1. (4.) (4.) with Ciy, 
 to set or compare with any thing. Job 
 30: 1. Comp. ^n:? no. 3. (5.) rT^lD 
 i^ to pay attention, to regard, ani- 
 mum advertere. 1 Sam. 4: 20. Ps. 62: 
 11. Construed with b, to lay to hearts 
 
 Ex.7:23. 2 Sam. 13:20. Prov. 22: 17. 
 Jer. 31:21. Construed with bfi<, to 
 regard. Job 7: 17. (6.) Dy "T* n-UJ 
 to have intercourse or to associate with 
 a person. Ex. 23: 1 . comp. T^ ^0372 
 2-nfi^. Hos. 7: 5. (7.) D-'DD ri^'p to 
 set one''s face towards a place, 
 Num. 24: 1. With tZ1^3^5> to direct 
 one''s eyes to a place, Ps. 17: 11. (8.) 
 to put on (ornaments.) Ex. 33 : 4. 
 Intrans. to be put, Job 38: 11 Jib' 
 Tl-'V.^ INl^a rr^'ij^ here let (a limit) be 
 put to the pride of thy waves, i. e. to 
 thy proud waves. 10 : 20 ^ll^iy T{^ 
 let me alone. 
 
 2. to make, work, do ; e. g. n'''i3 
 n^n^^^ to work miracles, Ex. 10: 1. 
 Particularly to make into or like any 
 thing, construed with two accus. Is. 
 5:6. Jer. 22: 6. Ps. 21: 7. also with 
 \ of the predicate, Jer. 2: 15. Con- 
 strued with 3, to make as or like, Is. 
 16: 3. Hos. 2: 5. [2: 3.] Ps. 83: 14. 
 
 3. to give ; e. g. Gen. 4: 25. In- 
 trans. to be given, prepared, Hos. 6: 
 1 1 also for thee, O Judah, is an harvest 
 prepared. 
 
 Hoph. pass. Ex. 21:30. 
 Deriv. T\n'^, rT"D. 
 
 71*1 tb m. with suff. in"^u3, dec. VI. a 
 
 thorn. Is. 5: 6. 7: 2325. 10: 17. 
 
 n*^ ni. verbal from IT'U:, dec. I. 
 
 dress, attire. Prov. 7: 10. Ps. 73 : 6. 
 Comp. the verb no. 1. (8.) 
 
 TjID see 'TjDl!?. 
 
 I. DlD'ji, infin. and imper. ^a^'iJ, fut. 
 
 1. to lay one''s self down, particu- 
 larly for sleep, (Gen.l9:4. 28: 11. 1 
 Sam. 3: 5, 6, 9.) or in death, hence 
 J^ninwNt D3? ^3*2:^1 and he slept with 
 his fathers, the usual expression 
 for the death of a king, 1 K. 2: 10. 
 11:43. 14:20,31. 15:8, 24. 16: 6, 
 28. 
 
 2. to lie. Construed with an accus. 
 of the place, hence nl|: "33;^ those 
 that lie in the grave, Ps. 88: 6. n3D6 
 *^jy^T}, she that lieth in thybosom,Mic. 
 
niDiD 
 
 657 
 
 n2i3 
 
 7: 5. Also used absolutely, <o He qui- 
 etly, Lev. 26: 6. to rest, Ecc. 2: 23. 
 
 3. with 02? and nN% to lie with a 
 person, an euphemism. More fre- 
 quently used ot the man. Gen 26:10. 
 30: 15,16. 39:7, 12. 34:2. Ex.22: 
 18. Deut. 22: 23 ff. 2 Sam. 12: 11. 
 but also of the woman, Gen. 19: 32. 
 The particle nN must here be ren- 
 dered with, like DSf, and not as the 
 sign of the accusative, although with 
 suffixes it is written n'm, e. g. Lev. 
 15:18,24. (see ni< no. III.) The 
 construction with the accus. is in- 
 deed uniformly found in the Keri, 
 where ^rij stands in the text; 
 namely, in Kal Deut.28: 30. in Niph. 
 Is. 13: 16. Zech. 14: 2. in Pu. Jer. 3. 
 2. but the Masoretes have given 
 here the construction of the verb 
 l:y22 to the less offensive verb iS'*:. 
 
 T T 
 
 Hiph. to cause to lie, to cast down, 
 2 Sam. 8: 2. to lay down, 1 K. 17: 19. 
 to cause to rest, Hos. 2: 20. [2: 18.] 
 
 Hoph. ns'iJn , part. ^^SUJi:, to be 
 laid, 2 K. 4: 32. to lie, Ezek. 32: 1 9, 
 32. 
 
 Deriv. out of course ^3'i3tt. 
 II. DlDiD perhaps after the Arabic 
 usage, i. q. ^_^iZ*M to pour out. 
 
 Hiph. Job 38 : 37 0^,12'22 ''^ni!') 
 i^S^lj^ "^ and the bottles of heaven, 
 who pours them out ? Others, after 
 no. I. who arranges the vessels of 
 heaven, i. e. the clouds. The for- 
 mer explanation is favoured by 
 verse 38. 
 
 STIDIDl; f verbal from n^'^ no. I. dec- 
 
 XI. 'c. 
 
 1. a lying. ):t^'n'r)2'Dp Ex. 16: 13, 
 14. a lying of dew, i.e. dew lying. 
 
 2. copulation^ coition. ^'llD'D'D'D 
 coition with emission of seed, also 
 emission of seed, Lev. 15: 16, 17, 32. 
 22: 4. hence -n^DD n-rifi<-nfi$ ri^ilj 
 ^11 io have conjugal intercourse with 
 
 awoman,hev. 15:18. 19:20. Num. 
 5: 13. 
 
 nnb^ f verbal from iS'd no. L dec. 
 
 Xlli. e. i. q. rt'2'DX no. 2. hence 
 
 83 
 
 n'm'l inn^'^-nJ?. inj to have con- 
 jugal intercourse with a woman. Lev. 
 18: 23. 20 : 15. Num. 5: 20. also 
 ^i? i'lft -.nnD-p-ni\ ]n3 Lev. 18: 
 20. 
 niD'D lo wander, rove ; comp, the E- 
 
 thiop. "^DlD erravit. Here belongs the 
 part. Hiph. Jer. 5 : 8 like well-fed 
 horses n'*!n tZ3'^3*iJ^ they wander about 
 with desire ; (comp. Jer. 2: 23. Prov. 
 7: 11. and nrij no. 3.) But may not 
 tll'^SU;?^ stand adverbially in the 
 sing, for uD''tt''3'i5tt, in this sense, in 
 the morning they are like w-ellfcd 
 horses, (comp. Is. 5: 11.)? 
 PiDi23 ni. verbal from Vd-D. 
 
 1. the loss of children. Is. 47: 8, 9. 
 
 2. a forsaking, abandoning. Fs. 
 35:12. 
 
 7'?ljip m. verbal from "^b*J, dec. I. 
 
 robbed of children or young, spoken 
 e. g. of a she-bear. 2 Sam. 17 : 8. 
 Hos. 13: 8. Also without young. Cant. 
 4:2. 6:6. ^ 
 
 *)h3vlii 12p m. verbal from ^^yi, 
 
 dec. I. drunken., intoxicated. 1 Sam. 
 
 25:36. IK. 16:9. 20:16. Fem. 
 Jins^ 1 Sam. 1: 13. 
 
 niD'd and nSti (Is. 49: 14. Prov. 2: 
 
 ~ -r T 
 
 17.) fut. n3uj'^, to forget, construed 
 with an accus. Gen. 40: 23. Ps. 9:13. 
 Construed with "jD and an infin. Ps. 
 102: 5. Also to leave from forgetful- 
 ness, Deut. 24: 19. 
 
 Niph. to be forgotten. Gen. 41:30. 
 Ps. 31: 13. Job 28: 4 "^37^ D''ns\p2 
 ^?.'^. forgotten, i. e. untried, by (hu- 
 man) /ec^ Deut. 31: 21 H^-^n ^b 
 ii?*)! ^e^ it {the song) shall not be 
 forgotten out of the mouths of their 
 seed. 
 
 Pi. Lam. 2: 6. and Hiph. Jer. 23: 
 27. to cause to forget. 
 
 Hithpa. i. q. Niph. Ecc. 8: 10, 
 niDtD ni. verbal from HSTiJ, dec. V. f. 
 
 forgetting, forgetful. Is. 65 : 11. PluT. 
 const, "rouj Ps. 9: 18. 
 
 niDt) Chald. tojind. 
 
^5d 
 
 658 
 
 12^3 
 
 Ithpe. n^n^prt to be found. Dan.2: 
 
 35. Ezra 6: 2'* 
 
 Aph. nSUJJl 1. iojind. Dan.2:25. 
 6: 6, 12. " " 
 
 2. to obtain, acquire. Ezra 7 : 16. j^;^^ found only in Hiph. D-^s^^n 
 Comp. fc22^ no. 2. 
 
 m^lStp fem. plur. verbal from ^b'^, 
 
 deprived, bereaved. Jer. 18: 21. 
 VV:Dc3 see ^^S. 
 
 '!]5'iD, infin. ^'4?. 
 
 1. to settle, subside ; spoken of wa- 
 ter, Gen. 8: 1. of anger, Est. 2: 1. 7: 
 10. 
 
 2. to bow down, to stoop, spoken 
 of a fowler. Jer.5: 26 tZl''UJ:ip;' TJX3 
 as fowlers stoop or bow down. 
 
 Hiph. to still (an uproar.) Num. 
 17:20. [17:5.1 
 
 7b ID) fut. bSUJ*, to lose children, to be- 
 
 come childless, construed with an ac- 
 cus. Gen. 27 : 45 D5 b^'^N tiTsb 
 tID5.^2^23 wherefore should I lose you 
 both? '43: 14 ^r}h,b'2: ^t^^'D ''rwNi 
 ''nbstj and if I be childless, let me be 
 childless. 1 Sam. 15: 33. Part. pass. 
 trp^y^ childless. Is. 49: 21. 
 
 Pi. bs;i5 1. to make childless. Gen. 
 42: 36. "I'Sam. 15: 33. Spoken par- 
 ticularly (1.) of wild beasts which 
 devour children. Lev. 26: 22 / will 
 send on you wild beasts of the field, 
 which shall make you childless. Ezek. 
 5: 17. 14:15. comp. Hos. 9 : 12. 
 
 1. to rise up early ; both with and 
 without the addition "n^.s?, Gen. 19: 
 
 2, 27. 20 : 8. 28 : 18. 31 : 55. Con- 
 strued with \, to rise up early after 
 any thing, Cant. 7: 13. Joined with 
 another verb, it forms a periphrasis 
 of the adverb early, Hos. 6: 5 bta 
 ^bh D''3UJ^ the dew which passeth 
 away early. 13: 3. Hence infin. ab- 
 sol. D3U)ri as an adv. early, Prov. 
 27: 14!*' " 
 
 2. to urge with ardour or earnest- 
 ness. Jer. 7: 13 D^urJl Dp.-'VN ni'iN:^ 
 'nz'if'l / have spoken unto you most ur- 
 gently. 11: 7 Ds-^Jri "^ni^^ln "jyJi ""^ 
 ^yiT) / have protested most earnestly. 
 7 : 25. 25 : 3. 26 : 5. 32: 33. 35: 14, 
 15. 44: 4. 2 Chr. 36: 15. Zeph. 3: 
 7 Dnib''b?^ 'TT'nyiiii ^Ta'^^ujin they 
 were most eager to do wickedly. 
 
 Note. In Jer. 25: 3, we find U^'2^^ii< 
 an infin. after the Chaldaic form for 
 t33\i;rj. For h'^ZiW Jer. 5 : 8, see 
 under tiDUJ. 
 
 (2.) of the loss of young men in bat- i3^l3 m. in pause Dp.^ (Ps. 21: 13.) 
 tie. Deut. 32: 25 nnn "bs^ri y^W2 " 
 
 without, i. e. in the field, the sword 
 makes childless. Lam. 1: 20. Jer. 15: 
 7. Ezek. 36: 1315. 
 
 2. to miscarry, to cast one'^s young, 
 abortare. Gen. 31 : 38. Ex. 23: 26. 
 Spoken metaphorically of the vine, 
 to be unfruitful, Mai. 3: U. 
 
 3. trans, to occasion abortions. 2 K. 
 2: 19. Part. n!:3">23'J an abortion, 
 verse 21. 
 
 Hiph. 1. i. q. Pi. no. 1. (2.) to 
 destroy young men in war. Jer. 
 50 : 9. 
 
 2. to miscarry. Hos. 9: 14. See 
 Pi. no. 2. 
 S ViJtd masc. plur. verbal from bb'^, 
 
 dec. L a childless state 
 y. 40: 20. 
 
 or condition. 
 
 with suff. h'n'Dp, dec. VI. s. 
 
 1. the shoulder, the upper part of 
 the back. It is constantly regarded 
 as a single member of the masc. 
 gen. (see Gr. 132. 5.) and thus dis- 
 tinguished from Pins, (see Job 31: 
 22.) It is used (l.) as the part on 
 which a burden is borne ; e. g. 
 Gen. 9: 23. Hence Is. 9: 5 the gov- 
 ernment shall be on his shoulder, i. e. 
 it shall be given him. 22 : 22 / will 
 lay upon his shoulder the key of the 
 house of David ; (oSUi b^ is here 
 i. q. ''n^ by.) Comp. further Zeph. 
 3: 9 to serve God ^HN: D^-i3 with one 
 shoulder, i. e. with one accord. (2.) 
 in the phrase to turn the neck or 
 back. 1 Sam. 10: 9 ')72'D^ "iniiDiiS 
 
:::t: 
 
 659 
 
 1S\!3 
 
 nsbb 'when he had turned his back 
 
 -. V T 
 
 to go. (Comp. ;^^> Ji:s Josh. 7 : 12. 
 Jer. 48: 39.) Hence we may explain 
 Ps. 21: 13 UpX 1^0""^^ -"S/or ^Aom 
 shalt make them turn their back^ fa- 
 des ut terga dent; (comp. p\'^'$ "jH^ 
 Ps. 18: 41.) Sept. ore d^rjoftg avrovg 
 vojTOv. Yu\g. quoniam pones eos 
 dorsum. (3.) Is. 9: 3 173^^; tltD^ the 
 rod for their back. 
 
 2. a part, portion. Gen. 48 : 22- 
 So the connexion requires and the 
 ancient versions have rendered it. 
 
 3. proper name of a city on mount 
 Ephraim, pertaining to the Levites, 
 and a city of refuge for the man- 
 slayer. Josh. 20: 7. 21: 20, 21. Sept. 
 ^vx^u, (comp. Acts 7: 16.) Vulg. 
 Sichem, In the times of the Romans 
 there was a city here called Flavia 
 JVeapolis, hence the present name a- 
 mong the Arabians JVaplos or JVaplus. 
 With He paragogic n^yD'^ to She- 
 chem, Hos.6:9. See Relandi Palaesti- 
 na, p.1004-1010. Bachiene Beschrei- 
 bung von Palastina, Th. 2. 536 
 f. 
 
 n^!Dt3 f. i. q. 13^.^ no. 1. Job 31: 22 
 ^ISn hTSS'ipTa ^sns let my shoulder 
 fall from my neck. According to the 
 printed edition of the Masora, the tl 
 here is marked with a Raphe, which 
 denotes the absence of a Mappik, it 
 is, therefore, not a suffix, but the 
 word is a new form of the feminine 
 gender. According to some MSS. 
 (see J. H. Michaelis and Jahn on 
 the passage,) the Jl has a Mappik, 
 and the word comes from DDUJ, {from 
 its neck.) In that case this word should 
 be entirely omitted as a distinct ar- 
 ticle. 
 
 p_p, pD*, fut. p^\ 
 
 1 . to let itself down, to rest, spoken 
 e. g. of the pillar of fire and the 
 cloud. Num. 9: 17, 22. 10: 12. Ex. 
 24: 16. Hence 
 
 2. to encamp, Num. 24: 2. to lie 
 quietly, to rest, spoken e. g. of lions, 
 Deut. 33: 20. of men, Judg. 5: 17. 
 
 Prov. 7: 11 n'ip r.:Dp'i i<$ nn''3a 
 her feet rest not in her house. 
 
 3. to dwell. Gen. 9: 27. 2 Sam. 7: 
 10 T'rnn I'D'^I and they {the people^ 
 shall dwell in their place. In2p ^-^'^^ 
 the dweller in the thorn-hush, Deut' 
 33: 16. Part. pass. "j^SU? used active- 
 ly, like the French /oge, Judg.8:ll.- 
 Construed with an accus. to inhabit, 
 Ps. 68: 7. yniit )'y^ to inhabit the 
 land, to be in peaceable possession of 
 the -land, Prov. 2: 21. 10: 30. Ps. 37: 
 29. and without y^.N in the same 
 sense, Ps. 102: 29. Construed with 
 a pleonastic dative, Ps. 120: 6 Ji:::^i3 
 nb habitabit sibi. Spoken of a tent, 
 to be pitched, set up. Josh. 22: 19. 
 
 4. pass, to be inhabited, like SttS^ 
 no. 4. Jer. 50: 39. 33: 16. 46: 26. Is. 
 13: 20. 
 
 5. metaphorically to possess or be 
 familiar with a thing. Prov. 8: 12 
 
 n72^i- Ti^^UJ nin "^^J^ I wisdom 
 
 possess prudence. (In Arab. u)\m*M ^^ 
 
 dwell, to be accustomed, to be famil- 
 iar.) 
 
 Pi. to cause to dwell. Jer. 7 : 7. 
 Num. 14: 30. Frequently used of 
 Jehovah, to let his name dwell in a 
 place, i. e. to make his residence 
 there, Deut. 1 2: 11 . 1 4: 23. 1 6: 6, 1 1 . 
 26: 2. Comp. '\J2p &Hi under the 
 art. d^\!5 no. 1. (8.) Prob. elliptical- 
 ly Ps. 78: 61 the tent in which he let 
 (his name) dwell among men. Hence 
 the Jewish term inD'^^UJ the Shechi- 
 nah, the presence of God. 
 
 Hiph. to cause to dwell. Gen. 3: 
 24. John :14. Joined with br^i<, 
 to pitch a tent, Josh. 18: 1. (comp. 
 in Kal Josh. 22: 19.) Ps. 7: 6 
 )Dt2 '^H^^- "^V^^. ^^ ^^^ ^^*^ ^^' ^^^ 
 make me to dwell, i. e. let him pros- 
 trate me in the dust. 
 
 Deriv. out of course "JSUJTa. 
 
 'J^tD Chald. idem. Dan. 4 : 18. [4: 
 
 21.] 
 
 Pa. ISUJ to let dwell. Ezra 6: 12. 
 Comp. He'b. Pi. 
 llDu] a participial noun from 15'^, dec. 
 
 *y. a. 
 
15115 660 
 
 Is. 33: 24. Hos. 
 
 2bm 
 
 L m inhabitant. Is. 33: 24. Hos. "i^^^'^ m. verbal from '^^^^ drunk" 
 10: 5. 1 
 
 2. a neighbour. Prov. 27: 10. Spok- , ^^'^^'S' Ezek. 23: 33. 39: 19. 
 en also of neighbouring states, cit- 7 (25 m. an error^ fault. 2 Sam, 6 : 7. 
 
 ies, Jer. 50: 40. 49: 18. Ps. 44: 14. 
 
 79: 12. 
 "jlDlp m. with suff. ij5"ip, verbal from 
 
 ji'^, dec, VI. h. a dwelling. Onoe 
 
 Beut. 12: 5* 
 llDii:, fut. ns->iJ\ 
 
 1. to drink to the fidl^ (i. q. ll]^.) 
 Hag. 1:6. Particularly to drink to 
 hilarity^ Cant. 5: 1. Gen. 43: 34. 
 
 2. to be intoxicated. Gen. 9: 21. 
 Construed with an accus. of the drink, 
 Is. 49: 26. x\pplled sometimes to a 
 hardened state of mind, the effect 
 of a divine judgment, which leads 
 men on to their own destruc- 
 tion, Is. 29: 9. 51: 21. Lam. 4: 21. 
 Nah. 3: 11. Comp. D^^, nr^'Hri. 
 
 Pi. to make drunken, to inebriate. 
 k Sam. 11: 13. Particularly spoken 
 . of Jehovah, to make a nation drunk- 
 en, i. e. to cause it to hasten to its 
 own destruction, Jer. 51 : 7. Is. 
 63: 6. 
 
 Hiph. idem. Jer. 51 : 57. Deut. 
 32 : 42. 
 
 Hithpa. to act like a drunken per- 
 son. 1 Sam. 1: 14. 
 
 Deriv. out of course 'iTls'v23. 
 
 Root n^UJ no. II. 
 
 T T 
 
 7\23 a particle used in later Hebrew 
 and in Rabbinic, compounded of -ifi 
 i. q. ^t;:n and b. (See -Up no. 2.) In 
 Rabbinic it is often employed as a 
 sign of the genitive case, (comp. p. 
 66.) but in biblical Hebrew, we find 
 only bilJa on account of, (comp, "ITIJNS 
 Gen. 39:' 9, 23.) Jon. 1: 7 "^^V^S on 
 whose account, comp. verse 8 ^Ujil? 
 V2b. Verse 12 ""V^a on my account. 
 (In Aram, b'^'12 on account of, com- 
 pounded of 2, "^T and \.) ^%^^ ^4^ 
 although, quaniumvis, liter, in (omni) 
 eo, quod, Ecc. 8: 17. It corresponds 
 to the Aram. 1 b^'^js, which, how- 
 ever, usually signifies because. Is not 
 perhaps the true reading ^'p.^^: b^s ? 
 
 ID^^bd in- adj. at ease, quiet. Job 21: 
 
 23. A quinqueliteral formed by the 
 union of the two synonymes nbx and 
 15^.^ ; or else simply from the lat- 
 ter by inserting b ; like tl^2?bT heat, 
 comp. ^^1 in Syr. Ethp. to be burn- 
 ed. 
 
 ^IDl!) m. verbal from nS'^, strong or ^^Vil!) in Kal not used. In Arab. c^^XS* 
 
 intoxicating drink, temetum, a gener- 
 al expression for wine and other 
 strong drinks, prepared from grain, 
 fruit, honey, dates, etc. See Hieron. 
 Opp. ed. Martian. T. IV. p. 364. (In 
 
 Arab. SZm by way of eminence, 
 J 
 
 date-wine.) Hence in Num. 28: 7, it 
 denotes wine, but occurs usually 
 
 crenatimf regit. It appears from this 
 and from the noun D""2b\r, that it 
 must have expressed the idea of 
 parallel uniformity. 
 
 Pu. part. Ex. 26 : 17 one board 
 shall have two tenons, Tl^ii ni^b't^ia 
 
 nnTrtijt bN parallel to each other. 
 Sept. afTtniTiTOVTeg tiegov ro7 hi- 
 pu). Hence 
 
 in the phrase ^^^.T 'j'^2 "^ine and 
 
 (other) strong drink. Lev. 10 : 9. Q'^Il7lI) masc. plur. ledges, corner led- 
 
 Num. 6: 3. Judg. 13:4, 7. and in ^^s. \ K. 7: 28, 29. (in Chald. ni'iJ 
 
 the poets in parallelism with yil. Is. 
 5: 11. 24: 9. 28: 7. 29: 9. 56: 12. 
 Prov. 20 : 1. 31 : 6. Mic. 2 : 1. In 
 Is. 5: 22, it appears to denote a kind 
 of spiced wine, (^0.^.? ^J.^-) 
 
 the step of a ladder.) It appears here 
 to denote the ledges or ridges, which 
 covered the junctures of the sides 
 of the bases, and were made so 
 broad as to contain graven work. 
 
n^a' 
 
 661 
 
 ibiD 
 
 L.^ . , J^,\''c . 1 n 7 tD Chald. aji error, somc^^in^fflWM*^. 
 
 J70 m. Arab. pt^^'J. Aram. M5!:n, -- ^ t^ . . , . , . 
 
 O ' --' Dan.3:29 Keth. 1. q. ribUJ, n^V^. 
 
 *rtow. Job 24: 19. Ps. 147: 16. Is. ^l ^ , o -L " 
 
 1: 18. Hence the verb denom. in ^^? 1 Sam. 1: 17. See nPvHp. 
 Hiph. i'^b^n to be covered with ^-i' r- ., uL-.'.; 
 
 snow Ps. 68:- 15 when the Almighty ^^P "^"^^ of acity,see ^^vj). 
 scattered kings in it {the country,) J-|;QnVv2!if. Ai- Job 15:30.Ezek.21: 
 
 'ji73i?:^2 ^}yiiv\ it was covered with 
 snow (from the bodies of the slain,) 
 like Salmon; comp. Virg. iEn. v. 
 865. XII. 36, campi ossibus albent. A 
 recent overthrow is also referred to 
 in these passages, a is used by vi^ay 
 of comparison, like 3. (See 2 no. 16.) 
 Others : when the Almighty scattered 
 kings therein, there wa^ rest in 
 the shade ; comp pzlX'S to be cooled., 
 
 3.[26:47.](Root Chald.and Syr.SJ^V^ 
 to biirn^ a quadriliteral, or conj. Sha- 
 phel of the verb irtb .) Cant. 8 : 6 
 n^'-nlnlnbuJ ajlame of Jehovah^ i. e. a 
 most vehement flame. According to 
 the recension of Ben Asher, and 
 most MSS. it is written as one word, 
 the Mappik also is frequently want- 
 ing, and n is written with Sheva. 
 But this has no effect on the mean- 
 ing of the word. 
 
 metaphorically to be peaceful., joyful, > ^ . . 
 
 conj. IV. to make joyful; and ]i73^: I^P name of a city, see l^^'J} 
 
 ypi2!i m- "^^V^P fpluF. const, ''ib'4?, ver- 
 bal from tlbuj no. I. dec. V. 
 
 1 . quiet, peaceable. 1 Chr. 4 : 40. 
 Particularly living in peace.. Job 16: 
 12. Ps. 73: 12. As a subst. rest, quiet- 
 ness, Job 20: 20. 
 
 2. in a bad sense, careless., wicked^ 
 forgetful of God ; comp. "jaN'^J no. 2. 
 Ezek. 23: 42. Also written TV<2i 
 q. V. 
 
 dec. 
 
 according to Theodotion, a shade. 
 ! H/IZ) and l^iD to be quiet, particu- 
 larly to enjoy a peaceful prosperity. 
 Job 3:26. 12:6. Ps. 122: 6. Pret. 
 'nj^UJ Job 3: 26. fut. ^''\''^\ Deriv. 
 jbuj, r^*9 ')\v, Tiikt, ^im. 
 
 II. n^ti as in Chaldaic, to err, fail, 
 
 T X 
 
 transgress. 
 
 Niph. idem. 2 Chr. 29: 1 1. 
 
 Hiph. to lead astray, to deceive. 2 h^rj m. verbal from nb^ no I 
 K.4:28. V;'t . " . 
 
 Deriv* ''^UJ ^^' ^' 9"*^^"**i ^^*^ uninterrupted 
 
 III. 7:bW iX^ to dra-. out or off, ^T^f ' l\ ^' '' ^. . , . 
 
 ^- . ' ni^tp f- verbal from nb^ no. I. dec. 
 
 (comp. b wis.) Found only in the fut. ^ \^ 
 
 A.I I. a. 
 
 1. i. q. lb."<^, quietness., peace., pros- 
 perity. Prov. 17: 1. Ps. 122:7. Ezek. 
 16: 49. Plur. ^iniirUJa in the time of 
 thy prosperity, Jer. 22:21. tT)b^3 
 in the midst of peace., Dan. 8: 25. 11: 
 21. (comp. Job 15:21.) with the ac- 
 cessory idea of suddenness, as in 
 Chald. and Syr. tl^buJa, n^b'4J 1^i 
 c*!^.* ^:^. Comp. Dan. 11:24. 
 
 2. in a bad sense, carelessness, a 
 criminal security .,forgetfulness of God. 
 Prov. 1: 32. See ibuJ. 
 
 apoc.bu::.,(for ?l!:\2:%)Job 27:8 b^l "^3 
 iU;S3 nibi<_ when God draws out his 
 ow/,scil.from the body,which was re- 
 garded as a sheath or receptacle for 
 the soul, (comp. ^15.13.) Chald. quan- 
 do Deus animum ejus excusserit. Per- 
 haps more pertinently, (according 
 to Schnurrer,) buj"^ is taken for b^i"*p') 
 he requires, like the Arab. Vm^J for 
 JVm^J, from JU ; but in that case 
 the word must be pointed different- 
 ly-. . ,.-. 
 
 TOtD Chald. to he at rest. Dan. 4: 1. Hl^.p f- Chald. rest, tranquillity. Dan. 
 U": 4.] 4: 24. [4: 27.] 
 
I^ti 
 
 662 
 
 nri 
 
 D'^n^^ 23 masc. plur. verbal from nVr, 
 
 dec. I. 
 
 1. a dismission, sending off. Ex. 
 18:2. hence a bill of divorce, Mic. 
 1: 14. 
 
 2. the disposing of a daughter in 
 marriage, also a gift given on such 
 an occasion. 1 K. 9: 16. Comp, nV'*IJ 
 Jud. 12:9. 
 
 Qi'piii m. verbal from d^'^IJ, dec. III. a. 
 
 T ^ 
 
 1 . as an adj. prosperous, in health, 
 well, integer. Gen. 47 : 27 D^bi^n 
 DD'^:3Nt is your father well ? 1 Sam. 
 25: 6. *2 Sam. 17:3. 20:9. Job 5: 24. 
 Ps. 38 : 4 "'riTaii^a DibiD \^^^ there is 
 nothing sound in my bones. 
 
 2. in full number, the whole. Jer. 
 13: 19. 
 
 3. safe, secure, enjoying peace. Job 
 21:9. Plur. those enjoying peace, Ps. 
 69: 23. 
 
 4. friendly, peaceably disposed. Ps. 
 55: 21. 
 
 5. as a siibst. health, integritas. 
 The following phrases are worthy 
 of notice; (l.) ib Ul^'ptt^Js he well ? 
 the usual form of inquiry concerning 
 the health of an absent person, Gen. 
 29: 6. 2 K. 4 : 26. The answer is 
 
 the addition ti^^n bi? , Hii^^n bN. 
 Comp. 1 Sam. 20 : 21 Tj^ Dib>^^ "^3 
 for there is peace to thee, and not evil. 
 Verse 7. Used also to express satis- 
 faction, 2 K. 4: 23 di^^U "iTDNn} and 
 she said, peace, i. e. let it be so. (In 
 Hebrew it is never used as a saluta- 
 tion.) (4) dib'i^ as an exclamation, 
 hail ! 2 Sam. 18 : 28. 1 Chr. 12: 18 
 ^b D'lb-^ uSb-^^ hail, hail to thee. 
 
 6. prosperity, a prosperous event. 
 dib'>^n is it any thing prosperous ? 1 
 K. i\ 13. 2 K. 5: 21. 9: 11. 17: 22. 
 
 7. peace, b Dibi^b i^^^J^ to offer 
 peace to any one, Deut. 20: 10. Judg. 
 21:13. nwNt Dib'iJ Hl^l to answer 
 peaceably, to accept of peace, Deut. 
 20: 1 1 . b Dibuj rt'L^J to give peace to 
 any one, Josh. 9: 15. Cib'J: u;^^l a 
 man of peace, i. e. a lover of peace, 
 Ps. 37 : 37. Dlbli: i^n^ (with) 
 words of peace, Deut. 2: 26. 
 
 8. friendship, good understanding. 
 'iqibi? "ii^^l my friend, Ps. 41 : 10. 
 Jer. 20: 10. 38 :22. Obad. 7. ''nSi 
 dib^ that speak friendly, Ps. 28 : 3. 
 comp. Est. 9. 30. 
 
 dib-iJ, Gen. 29: 6. Without H, inter- ^^'^'^^ recompense, see t]VtD. 
 
 rogatively, 2 Sam. 18 : 29. also af- '^'"h'^ three, see "Xh'i^. 
 
 firmatively. Gen. 43 : 28. comp. ^* '^' ,7 _ ^7,1 
 
 Deut. 29: 18 V^^Ji: tJib"vIJ / shall ^^1^^ or ^^ID t. Chald. an error, 
 
 prosper. Hence (2.) ':? dVru;b bNU; to fault. Dan. 6: 5. Ezra 4 : 22. Root 
 
 inquire after the health or welfare of T\b'^ no. II. 
 
 any one, fsee under b^'i? no. 5.) pjs^jj^ f^t. rib_^:, infin. nVJ:, T^^b'^, 
 
 once nb'i; (Is. 58: 9.) 
 
 Comp. further 2 Sam. 11:7 bNUJ'.T 
 timber: dibpb-Tj'l and David in- 
 quired how the war prospered. Some- 
 what similar Gen. 37: 14 "DN mN*^ 
 ''IT!^ dib'ip see whether it bewellwith 
 thy brethren. With ^^2, Est.2:l 1. with 
 Ij^S, 1 Sam. 17: 18. Elliptically 2 K. 
 10 : 13 i^g have come down (to look) 
 after the welfare of the sons of the 
 king, i. e. to visit them. (3.) Dib'^ 
 ^b,DDb Judg. 6:23. 19:20. Dan. 10: 
 19. Gen. 43 :23. peace be to thee or 
 to you, the language of consolation 
 and encouragement,hencethrice with 
 
 1. to 5cnd a person or thing. The 
 person or thing sent is put in the ac- 
 cus. also once preceded by b, 2 Chr. 
 17:7. The person sent to is preceded 
 by bi?., very rarely and only in imi- 
 tation of the Chaldaic, by b?, Neh. 
 6:3. Jer. 29:31. Often used abso- 
 lutely without a direct complement, 
 Gen. 31:4. 41:8,14. the person some- 
 times being preceded by ^23, e. g. 
 1 K. 2: 25 nrj-'sa Tiz ^bTan nb^^i 
 and the king sent by the hand of Be- 
 naiah. i. e. he sent Benaiah. Ex. 4:13 
 
n^D 
 
 663 
 
 nVri 
 
 nr<pr3"T2 &i5TiVt2J send by whom 
 thou wilt send. With a pleonastic da- 
 tive :]? n^tJ, Num. 13: 2. 
 
 2. to send (a commission, charge.) 
 Prov. 26: 6 b^D3 ^^2 D'^'lil nb/o:: Ae 
 that sends orders by the hand of a 
 
 fool. Gen. 38 : 25 ri^Tzn ^i$ rrn^^ 
 
 *^b&t!b sAe 5en< io her father-in-law, 
 saying. 1 K. 20: 5. 2 K. 5: 8. Without 
 ^72^^. 1 Sam. 20. 21. 1 K. 5: 23 [5: 
 
 9] "^^'n nVz;ri ^tijn uipi^rj'i^ to the 
 
 place which thou shali appoint me. 20: 
 9. 12: 11. Jer. 42:5, 21. 43: 1. 
 
 3. to commission., construed with 
 two accus. 2 Sam.l 1: 22 and he shew- 
 ed David s.\r in'^uj *^-rN-b3-nN 
 
 f% all wherewith Job had intrusted him. 
 *^ 1 K. 14:6. Is. ^5:11. 
 
 4. to stretch out., to put forth ; e.g. 
 the finger in scorn, Is. 58 : 9. a rod, 
 Ps. 110: 2. 1 Sam. 14 : 27. a sickle, 
 Joel 4: 13. [3: 13.] comp. Rev. 14: 
 15, 18. (like the hsit falcem immit- 
 tere segeti., or perhaps to put iu., to 
 apply.) Particularly to stretch out the 
 hand. Gen. 3: 22. 8:9. 19:10. 48: 
 14. Job 1: 11. This latter phrase is 
 often used pleonastically, like he rose 
 up., etc. 2 i;^ nb^ to lay the hand 
 on a person or thing, Job 28: 9. and 
 this denoting (l.) to injure or do vio- 
 lence to a person. Gen. 37:22. 1 Sam. 
 26:9. Est. 8: 7. also with b^ in the 
 same sense, Gen. 22: 12. Ex. 24: 11. 
 (2.) to take unjustly, to plunder, (a 
 thing.) Ex. 22:7. Ps. 125: 3. Dan.ll: 
 42. "b^ ^l n^'i; to put forth the hand 
 after any thing,'l K. 13: 4. 1 Chr.l3: 
 10. construed with "jT:, to draw back 
 the hand from, Cant. 5 : 4. In each 
 of these cases "1^ may be omitted ; 
 as Ps. 18: 17 U^'^W2 n'::\lJ- he stretch- 
 ed out (his hand)jrrom above. 2 Sam. 
 6: 6. Obad. 13. Part. pass, n^buj 
 stretched out, slim, slender. Gen. 49 : 
 21. (Comp. Pi. no. 11.) Comp. 
 
 ninbuj shoots. 
 
 5. to set free, to let loose, i. q. Pi. 
 no. 3. Ps. 50: 19 thou lettest loose thy 
 juouth to evil. 
 
 Niph. pass. Infin. liVrr: used for 
 the finite verbj Est. 3: 13- 
 
 Pi. tl\x 1. to send, i. q. Kal no. 1. 
 but used more rarely. Gen. 19: 13. 
 28: 6. Construed with b^" to any one, 
 2 Chr. 32: 31. Often in reference to 
 plagues, pestilence, wild beasts, 
 which Jehovah sends on his people; 
 construed with 2, Deut. 32 : 24. 7: 
 20. 2 K. 17: 25. Ps. 78: 45. with bijt, 
 Ezek. 14: 19. with b?, 5: 17. 
 
 2. to let go, to dismiss. Ex. 8 : 28. 
 [8: 32.] 9: 7, 28. Jud. 7: 8. niD2 xir^ 
 JliZ^nri locarefilias, Judg. 12: 9.-^ 
 
 3. to set free or loose. Gen. 32: 27. 
 Lev. 14 : 7. Particularly prisoners, 
 Zech. 9: 1 1. IK. 20: 42. 1 Sam. 20 : 
 22 go, ilin'; ^nViJ "^S for Jehovah 
 sets you free. "'UJDn rjV*2J to setfree^ 
 see under "'rsn. ]'n73 nVl) to let 
 loose strife, to occasion strife, Prov.6: 
 14,19. 16:28. 
 
 4. to accompany one departing, to 
 send forward, n^oni^ntiv. Gen. 18: 
 16. 31:27. 
 
 5. to chase or drive away. Gen. 3: 
 23. 1 K. 9: 7. Is. 50: 1. repudiare (fe- 
 minam,) Deut. 21:14. 22:19,29. Jer. 
 3: 8. Comp. D'^n^buJ . 
 
 6. to let hang down ; e. g. the hair, 
 Ezek. 44: 20. to let down (by a cord,) 
 Jer. 38:6, 11. io give or yield up, 
 construed with 2 and "^Z^, Job 8:4 
 Csyuj-S ^22 ^riV'^!^ i^^^^ gave he 
 them up to their transgression. Ps. 81: 
 13. 
 
 7. to throw off, to rid or divest one^ 
 self of a thing. Job 30: 11 they throw 
 off the bridle before me, i. e. they 
 rid themselves of all restraint before 
 me. 39: 3 they rid themselves of their 
 pains, i. e. of their young. 
 
 8. to throw, e. g. arrows at a mark,. 
 
 1 Sam. 20: 20. fire into a city, Am.l: 
 4fr. Hos. 8:14. 
 
 9. to push away, propeller e. Job 
 30: 12. 
 
 10. 0^5.2 nbu; to set on fire, mettre 
 a feu. Ps. 74 : 7. Judg. 1: 8. 20: 48. 
 
 2 K. 8:12. 
 
 11. joined with '1^, to stretch out 
 the hand. Prov. 31: 'l9, 20. (Comp. 
 Kal no. 4.) Spoken of a tree, to 
 spread out its branches, Jer. 17:8. 
 F^ek. 17: 6, 7. 31: 5. Ps. 80: 12. Met-^ 
 
nhxD 
 
 664 
 
 tb'^ 
 
 Metaphorically to spread out (a peo- 
 ple,) Ps.44:3. 
 
 Pu. 1 . to he sent ; freq. 
 
 2. to be put away. Is. 50: !. 
 
 3. to be driven out. Is. 16: 2. 
 
 4. <o be forsaken. Is. 27: 10. 
 
 5. to be let loose., set free. Prov. 29: 
 !6 nV^i^ 121 ^ ^^'^^^^ ^^f^ ^0 himself. 
 
 Hiph. i. q. Pi. no. 1. to send., e. g. 
 misfortune, plagues, etc. construed 
 with 2. Lev. 26:22. Am. 8: 11. 
 
 JDeriv. out of course nrii72, 
 
 nVji, ^ut- ^'^'^i Chald. 
 
 1 . to send., to send away. Dan. 3 : 
 2. Construed with b? of the person 
 sent to., Ezra 4: 11, 18. 5: 7, 17. 
 
 2. joined with 1^, to stretch out the 
 hand. Dan. 5: 24. Construed with 
 r-) cLggf^di aliquid, Ezra 6: 12. 
 
 n^tHi m. with suff. in!:UJ, verbal from 
 
 n^UJ, dec. VI. i. 
 
 1. a sprout^ shoot. Cant. 4: 13. 
 
 2. a pointed weapon., a spear., dart., 
 
 S o 
 
 sword. (Arab. C^T.X**' a dart., weapon; 
 
 ^i^**' (zr/nerf.) 2 Chr. 32: 5. 23: 10. 
 Joel 2: 8. nb"^3 ^^y to ;oerw/t ty 
 <^e sword., hence to perish in any way., 
 Job 33: 18. 36: 12. 
 
 3. proper name of a son of Ar- 
 phaxad. Gen. 10: 24. 11: 12. The 
 other names of persons with which 
 this is joined represent at the same 
 time nations or tribes. But there is 
 no evidence that the same is the 
 case with the name Selah. 
 
 4. name of a conduit and pool, 
 near mount Zion, prob. the same 
 with nVi?. Neh. 3: 15. Vulg. Siloe. 
 
 n 'ptD Siloah., a spring and conduit on 
 
 the southwest of Jerusalem. Is. 8: 
 6. otherwise called pm, see pHij 
 no. T.^ In the Sept. and Josephus, 
 ^Xomfi ; so in the N. T. John 9: 7. 
 Vulg. Siloe. See Relandi Palaestina, 
 p. 858. 
 
 riin^tlJ fem. plur. verbal from nb^, 
 
 shoots., branches., tendrils. Is. 16 : 8. 
 See the verb in Kal no. 4. 
 
 jnVd m. plur. ni2nV<;3, dec. II. b. a 
 table. Ex. 25 : 23 flf. "jriV^i 1]");^ to 
 spread or set a table., (for a meal,) 
 Ps. 23: 5. Prov. 9: 2. tD'^DSn inV*??, 
 the table of shew-bread., Num. 4: 7. al- 
 so called n5.^.s>7$rrinr4: 1 Chr.28:16. 
 2 Chr. 29:1 8. which appears to have ij 
 been the later name, see the art. 
 nD'ns?;^. t^^nb'^ "'V.^^ those that eat 
 at thy table,' 2 Sam. 19:29. 1 K. 2: 7. 
 for Trrnb-iJ bi' Q^b:^^, comp. 2 Sam. 
 9:11."^^- " ' ' 
 
 DVOi ^"t. t2bv3";, a word belonging to 
 the later Hebrew. 
 
 1 . to rule over any thing ; constru- 
 ed with 2. Ecc.8:9. with b?, Neh. 5: 
 15. 
 
 2. to be master of any thing. Ecc. 
 2:19. Est. 9: 1. 
 
 Hiph. 1. to let rule. Ps. 119: 133. 
 
 2. to give power or permission., po- 
 testatem alicujus rei dare. Ecc. 5: 18. 
 6:2. Comp. b'v^^ Ex. 21:8. 
 DVd, fut. ta'ru;":, Chald. 
 
 1. to rule over any thing, constru- 
 ed with 2. Dan. 2:39: 5:7, 16. 
 
 2. to have power over any things 
 Dan. 3: 27. 
 
 3. construed with 2, to fall on., at- 
 tack. Dan. 6: 25. 
 
 Aph. to appoint ruler. Dan. 2 : 
 38,48. 
 D^ld found only in the plur. Cqb'^ 
 
 const. '^Db'JJ, dec. VI. h. a shield, 2 
 Sam. 8 : 'l' arTTn '^t:b\ZJ the golden 
 shields. 2 K. 11: 10 the spears and 
 the shields of king David. In the par- 
 allel passage 2 Chr. 23: 9, t=3'S5?3 is 
 likewise added. According to Cant. 
 4: 4. Ezek. 27: 11, the t=3^t:^-lJ 
 were hung up on the walls for or- 
 nament ; and in the former passage 
 'i:>'n is so used, that t:ib''l!/ which fol- 
 lows appears to be a repetition of 
 the same sense. Jer. 61: 11 sharpen 
 the arrows, iZD'^qby^rj i)Mb73 fill the 
 shields, i. e. present yourselves with 
 them, or fill your hands with them ; 
 (comp. Zech. 9: 13, with 2 K. 9 : 
 24.) The signification given above 
 
'^b'6 
 
 665 
 
 ^5?D 
 
 is adopted by most critics since Kim- 
 chi, suits the context of all the pas- 
 sages, and is the best supported by 
 the kindred dialects. The Syriac 
 and Chaldaic versions have often re- 
 tained the same word, and from 
 them we can learn with most cer- 
 tainty its true signification. Now in 
 two passages (l Chr. 18: 7. 2 Chr. 
 23: 9.) the Chaldaic version renders 
 it scuia^ and in the Targum of Jer. 
 13: 23, we find ri^n^p"! "'tsiru; scuta 
 varietatis ejus^ spoken of the varie- 
 gated spots of the leopard. Others : 
 ^ quivers, on account of Jer. 51: 11. 
 
 jl 1^713 m. verbal from t2^^, mighty, 
 powerful. Ecc. 8: 4, 8. 
 
 ^Itl'ptL) Chald. an officer, ruler. Dan. 
 3: 2, 3. 
 
 jD^a, const. ItJb-r, Chald. might, 
 
 power, dominion. Dan. 3: 33. [4: 3.] 
 
 4: 19. [4: 22.] 7: 6, 14. 6: 27 -"z'D^ 
 
 Tj!l5b^ ]'^r '-^ *'^ ^he whole dominion 
 
 of my kingdom. Plur. dominions, king- 
 
 5 K oy 
 
 dams, Dan. 7 : 27. Arab. (jUaX**/ 
 dominion, and as a concrete, a lord. 
 Dl^^iD f- shameless, impudent, spoken 
 of a whore. Ezek. 16 : 30. Arab. 
 
 ^ia^XAv mulier clamosa et impudica. 
 
 Vulg. procax. 
 ^iptD m. in pause '''^r., verbal from 
 
 Slb'IJ no. I. rest, quiet, stillness. 2 Sam. 
 3: Y7 ''Vf ? quietly, secretly. 
 T\^^'Ci f- verbal from nbuJ no. III. dec. 
 X.' the afterbirth. Deut. 28 : 57. (In 
 
 the Arabic medical writers Cj^ In 
 Talmud. ttn'^bD, also i^-ib-r.)" 
 
 11^ d and l-'^p (Jer. 49: 31.) m. i. q. 
 
 ib.^ verbal adj. from Jlb't^ no. I. qui- 
 et, at ease. Job 21: 23. 
 t^'^'^p m. verbal from ub'ij, dec. I. 
 1. adj. having power over any thing, 
 construed with a. Ecc. 8: 8. 
 
 . subst. a mighty or poweiful man, 
 a ruler. Ecc. 7 : ^9. 10 : 5. Gen. 
 42:6. 
 
 84 
 
 D'lVp Chald. 1. 2idi^. mighty, powerful, 
 having power. Dan.2:10. 4:23. [4:26.] 
 Construed with 3 over any thing,Dan. 
 4: 14, 22, 29. [4:* 17, 25, 32.] 5: 21. 
 
 2. construed with b, permitted to 
 be done. Ezra 7: 24. 
 
 3. subst. a powerful man, a ruler^ 
 officer. Dan. 2: 15. 5: 29. Ezra 4: 20. 
 
 ri'^^d and tritj-^ri m. (with Kamets 
 impure,) dec. I. 
 
 1. a hollow measure of unknown 
 dimensions. Is. 40: 12. Usually ren- 
 dered triens, triental. Hence Ps. 80: 
 6 ;iJ"'V.D nn-^a'in ij"5tnT thou givest 
 them tears to drink by^ measure, for 
 UJ^b^a. Sept. iv /uf r^jw, in mensura. 
 
 2. Plur. a musical instrument, 
 mentioned in connexion with tabrets, 
 perhaps a triangle, as in modern 
 Turkish music. 1 Sam. 18: 6. 
 
 3. a distinguished kind of warriora 
 or combatants, perhaps strictly ihi 
 riders in the war chariots, uva^arai^ 
 na^a/Sdrai. Ex. 14; 7 Ae took all the 
 chariots of Egypt V53 b^ ua''kZ;'^yaJl 
 and warriors in each of them. 15: 4. 
 Sept. in chap. 14: 7, TQcaraTai, and 
 in chap. 15: 4, ava^uTac vgcGTccTair. 
 {TQiaTartjg has this meaning, ac- 
 cording to Origen, because there 
 were three in each chariot, of whom 
 the first fought, the second protect- 
 ed him with a shield, and the third 
 guided the horses.) In 1 K. 9: 22, 
 t:"';z3b^ and iD").""''*i;o;: are joined to- 
 gether ; comp.2 K.9:25. In other pas- 
 sages they appear to make a part 
 of the body-guard of the Israelitish 
 kings, 1 K. 9: 22. 2 K. 10: 25. 1 Chr. 
 11: 11. 12: 18, (where their leader 
 is called ti'^"ij"^i?u:>i UJfi^^, in the par- 
 allel passage 2 Sam. 23: 8 "ij^'n 
 nijb'^^Jl without the final Mem.) 
 These may indeed be the same, on- 
 ly having a diflferent employment in 
 time of peace. '^i'^h^^j in the singu- 
 lar is often prob. i. q. C3''-ijl:'^vI Wl^ 
 and occurs as a high officer attend- 
 ing on the king, 2 K. 9: 25. 15: 25. 
 7: 2, 17, 19. The etymology in He- 
 brew is perhaps analogous to that of 
 the Greek word TQiGrciTrjg. It has 
 
-^^ 
 
 666 
 
 bb-a 
 
 no. 1. Ezek. 19: 12. Ps. 22: It 
 
 tanntJ -nsb^lin '^''^,:^ upon thee have 
 I cast myself from the womb^ i. e. in 
 thee have 1 trusted. Also of no. 2. 
 Is. 14: 19. of no. 4. Dan. 8: 11. 
 
 'T[7'Ci m. verbal from ^bl^, Lev. 11: 
 
 17. Deut. 14: 17. prob. the plungeon^ 
 cormorant^ xar^XT/?g of the an- 
 cients, pelecanus Bassanus^ Linn. It 
 derives its name from this circum- 
 stance, that it keeps watch on the 
 high cliffs, and when it sees a fish 
 in the water, it shoots down like an 
 arrow into the water, and seizes its 
 prey. Sept. xarafjanTrjg. Vulg. rner~ 
 gidus. Syr. and Chald. trahens pisces, 
 Comp. Bocharti Hieroz. P. II. Lib. 
 II. cap. 21. Oedmann'sverm. Samm- 
 lungen aus der Naturkunde, H. in. 
 
 row. 1 Sam.20:12 n"'U;^b-:^n ^r\i2 m"3 ^* *. , , . ^, . 
 
 , . . - \" / " ri^'pU] t. verbal from "T^UJ. 
 
 about this time to-morrow or the day . v - 
 
 after. (4.) in Is. 15: 5. Jer. 48: 34, 1. the falling (of a tree.) Is. 6: 
 
 it forms a part of a proper name ; 13. 
 
 see nb::^:. 2. name of a gate of the temple. 
 
 ^Vd in Kal not used. 1 Chr. 26: 16. ^ ^ 
 
 ^Hiph. 1. to throw, cast. Gen. 37: ^y^rj j ^^ab. , W to draw out or 
 22. Num. 35: 20, 22. E. g. to the ^ - -^^ ' ' ^ 7^ ^^ ^ , ,. , 
 
 ground, Ezek. 28: 17.-bi r^. ^"^ '^'"^ ^- ^^ ^'^^^ ^^^ '^"'^ 
 
 , also been collated with the Latin 
 tribunus, but the origin of this word 
 is entirely different. Other deriva- 
 tions and explanations, e. g. one of 
 the thirty, (comp. 2 Sam. 23 : 23. 1 
 Chr. 11: 25.) or officers of the third 
 rank, are not suited to the first pas- 
 sages where the word evidently 
 stands in connexion with the war 
 chariots. Prov. 22: 20 tZl''U:^b\i; Ke- 
 ri prob. principalia, i. e. nobilia, 
 comp. 8: 6. 
 
 "^tyh^'P m. Sl^-sii'^V^^S ri'^t^bx f. plur. 
 CZl'^-ijlr-iJ, (ordinal adj. from u;buj, 
 ii;ib"i2; three,) the third. The fem. 
 signifies also (1.) the third part, scil. 
 SlJ^^n. Num.l5:6,7. 2 Sam.18: 2. (2.) 
 the third ^ime.Ezek.21 :1 9.[21 : 1 4.] (3.) 
 the third day, the day after to-mor- 
 
 inin^ to cast upon Jehovah, i. e. to 
 commit to him, Ps. 55: 23. T^builTf 
 r-'nnvN Ps. 50 : 17. and T^^ "^nnj^ 1 
 K. 14:9. Neh. 9:26. Is. 38:17. 
 Ezek. 23 : 35. to cast behind one''s 
 back, i. e. to despise, contemn. Job 
 29: 17 f\-rQ ^^\t:i< VrsLJ-i I cast the 
 spoil out of his teeth. 
 
 2. to cast away. 2 K. 7 : 15. Ezek. 
 20: 8. n^.?.q lUJc: ^''V^PH ^^ expose 
 one''s life, Judg, 9: 17. 
 
 3. to expel, banish, out of a coun- 
 try. Deut. 29: 27. Amos 4: 3, (where, 
 
 off. Ruth 2: 16. Comp. 
 nlrMj no. III. 
 
 2. to plunder, spoil. Construed 
 with an accus. of the thing, Ezek. 
 26: 12. of the person, Ezek. 39: 10. 
 Zech. 2: 12. [2: 8.] br'^ bb'^ to 
 make booty. Is. 10: 6. Ezek. 29: 19. 
 It is inflected sometimes regularly, 
 and sometimes defectively. The 
 forms which occur are bb"sl3, ibb'^r^? 
 ^nib'ij ; infin. bbip and bt>, fut. b^nV 
 
 Hithpo. bbin'iJi* (with the Ara- 
 mean form,) for bb.in3r7 to be spoil- 
 ed, to become a prey. "Ps. 76: 6. Is. 
 59: 15. 
 
 however, 1 MS. reads it in Hoph. ? ? , , ^ rv j txr 
 
 which is prob. correct.) Spoken of ^i^ "^^ ^^^^^^ ^^'^"^ ''-V^ ^^' ^^ 
 
 Jehovah, V2^ b-Q "Ti'^b'^ri to drive 
 from his presence, to reject, 2 K. 13: 
 23. 17: 20. Jer. 7: 15. 
 
 4. to cast down, destroy, e. g. a 
 house, Jer. 9: 18. Job 18:7 nn3^b'z;n'l 
 'in^i'' and his own counsel shall cast 
 him down. 
 
 Hoph. ^iM-'H and ^biTri pass, of 
 
 1. a prey, spoil, booty, liter, spoil- 
 um, exuvi(e. bbuj pb" to divide the 
 spoil. Gen. 49: 27^. Ps. 68: 13. Jer. 
 
 21: 9 bb'^^b riJSD ib nrr^n he shall 
 
 T T : :- T : IT 
 
 have his life as a booty, i. e. it 
 shall be preserved to him. Jer. 38: 
 2. 39: 18. 
 
 2. booty, gain^ profit. Prov. 31:. 11. 
 
^s 
 
 n^a 
 
 667 
 
 tiVd 
 
 shall he recompensed in the earth. 13i 
 13. 
 
 3. to he devoted to God. Part. 
 tD'z^Ui^ devoted to God., Is. 42 : 19, 
 ParalL nin^ 15^ . Comp. Kal no.3. 
 particularly Hiph. no. 3. 
 
 Hiph. 1. to complete., execute., per- 
 form. Job 23: 14. Is. 44: 26, 28. 
 
 2. to make an end of a thing. Is. 
 38: 12, 13. 
 
 3. to make or have peace -with a 
 person ; construed with nN, Josh. 
 10:1,4. with 1=3?, Deut. 20: 12. 1 
 K. 22: 45. Particularly to make peace 
 by submitting one^s self construed 
 with bi$, Josh. 11 : 19. (Comp. the 
 Arab. Ajm conj, IV. to devote or sub- 
 mit ojie'^s self particularly to God, 
 
 ^ & 
 hence r,iA.AA.) (^[slam) submission to 
 
 ' S *i c y 
 
 God^ religion ; *^mvc {Moslem) one 
 
 devoted to God., a believer ; comp. 
 ^"I" t=^; db;^L devoted to God., and Pu. 
 
 no. 3.) 
 
 4. causat. to make a friend of any 
 one. Prov. 16: 7. 
 
 Hoph. to be at peace with any one, 
 construed with b. Job 5: 23. 
 
 Deriv. out of course tDibu;, ta^Vjy. 
 the accus^ and dative together, ^^,^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^^^ p^^^ pj 
 5 l!:^':^^ tZtt'^ torecompeme onesac- -; ^ 
 
 iions upon Mm, see b^m no. 1, The ^D-^V^V cmnpleted, Ezra 5: 16. 
 
 Aph. to restore., give back. Ezra 7: 
 19. 
 
 CT l3? fut. ^\t\ 
 
 1. to be completed or finished', spok- 
 en e. g. of a building, 1 K. 7 : 51. 
 Neh. 6: 15. of a space of time, Is. 
 60: 20. 
 
 2. to live in peace or affluence., to 
 prosper., integrum esse. Job 9: 4 who 
 hath hardened himself against him 
 to^yj'^j awc^jorosjoeredl.^ 22:21 ~]^.plj 
 
 . &b\L;i i;2i' MD acquaint now thyself 
 with him and prosper. 
 
 3. to have peace., friendship. Part. 
 "Jabt) my friend., one at peace with 
 me'., I. q. ^721^*1; i;\V, Ps. 7: 5. Part, 
 pass, a^r:^ peaceable^ 2 Sam. 20:19. 
 
 See Pu. no. 3. 
 
 Pi. t2V*L' 1. to complete or finish., 
 (a building.*) 1 K. 9: 25. 
 
 2. to preserve., to keep uninjured. 
 Job 8: 6. 
 
 3. to restore., make good ; e. g. what 
 has been stolen, Ex. 21: 37. a debt, 
 Ps. 37: 21. 2 K. 4: 7. Hence in gen- 
 eial to pay or perform ; e. g. a vow, 
 P. 50:14. Is. 19: 21. an offering, 
 Hos. 14:3. 
 
 4. to recompense^ requite^ reward ; 
 construed with an accus. of the 
 thing, Jer, 16:18. 32: 18. with a da- 
 tive of the person, 2 K. 9: 26. with 
 
 person is sometimes, though more 
 rarely, put in the accus. e.g. Ps. 31: 
 
 24. Prov. 13 
 
 21 
 
 ::-r!Ni J-Tl3 dq- Chald. i.q. Heb. t^Sb'^pros- 
 
 *y\XZ tIjVkZi' hut prosperity rewards the 
 righteous. Ps. 35: 12. The thing is al- 
 so preceded by 3, Jer. 50: 29. Ps. 
 62: 13. (Synonymous with i'^'^ri.) 
 
 5, to grant., impart in any way., 
 (from signif. no. 3.) e. g. consola- 
 tions, Is. 57: 18. but it may perhaps 
 be rendered, to impart again. 
 
 Pu. 1. pass, of Pi. no. 3. to be paid., 
 discharged., spoken of a vow. Ps. 
 65; 2. 
 
 2. to be recompensed. Jer. 18: 20. 
 Spoken of a person, to obtain recom- 
 pense., (comp. Q5l3 with an accus. of 
 the person.) Prov. 11: 31 p"''^^ 1^1 
 ^s""?i,'? V"l^? behold., the righteovfs 
 
 Ezra 5: 7. Dan. 3: 31. 
 verbal adj. from 
 
 perity^ peace 
 6: 26. 
 
 tDbwJ, dec. V. a. 
 
 1 . completed., finished. 2 Chr. 8: 1 6. 
 
 2. complete., full; e. g. t1^b'li *}?*{ 
 a full weight., Deut. 25: 15. spoken 
 of iniquity. Gen. 15: 16. rT?3^.UJ D^b^ 
 the prisoners in full number^ Am. 1: 6, 
 9. (comp. Jer. 13: 19.) 
 
 3. uninjured., safe, integer. Gen. 
 33:18. Spoken of a host, Nah. 1:12. 
 ni;Qb.u: tD"*:!?!}. unhewn stones., Deut. 
 27: 6. 'l K. 6^ 7. 
 
 4. at peace., friendly. (See tlie 
 
5a^d 
 
 668 
 
 tobti 
 
 verb in Pu. Hiph. Hoph.) Gen. 34: 
 
 21n:nJ< QJl &^^.u: they are at 
 peace with us. 
 
 5. devoted^ particularly to God. 
 1 Chr. 28: 9. 2 Chr. 15: 17. 16: 9. 2 
 K. 20: 3. Sometimes with the addi- 
 tion niiT' !I25?, 1 K. 8:61. 11:4. 15: 
 3,14. Comp. the verb in Hiph. no. 3. 
 
 6. a proper name, i. q. tnb'ib^l'^ 
 Jerusalem.^ (comp. p. 284.) Gen.l4:18. 
 Ps. 76:3. Josephus (Antiq. Jud. 1. 10.) 
 T^^v f.avTOt GoXvfiia vgtsqov IxaXeoav 
 leQOGoXvf-ia. See Relandi Palaestina, 
 
 p. 976. (In Arab, ^'^y &^'**^ and 
 
 *^ Jerusalem. Its appellative sig- 
 
 nification here is health.^ peace^ i. q. 
 
 Q7t!l) m. verbal from dr*^, dec. VI. a. 
 
 a thank-offering .^ victima. Am. 5: 22. 
 More frequently in the plural HiT. 
 Q"'72b-iL; Lev. 3: 1 if. (where the rites 
 accompanying this offering are de- 
 scribed.) 7: 11 ff. Num. 7: 17 ff. also 
 simply uD''^!:\lJ Lev. 9: 4. The same 
 offering, which in Lev. 7: 12, is call- 
 ed rTlintl n'Zl a sacrifice of praise^ 
 is called in verses 13, 15 -rTlin niT 
 T^Tsb^p his sacrifice of praise and 
 thanksgiving. Sometimes, though 
 rarely,this word denotes offerings, on 
 mournful occasions, its original im- 
 port being disregarded, Judg. 20: 26. 
 21:4. 
 
 3^td m. verbal from tZsV^J, recom- 
 
 p^se. Deut. 32: 35. 
 U^HD and D'lV^ ^- verbal from 
 
 O^-,^, dec. I. idem. Hoe. 9: 7. Mic. 
 
 7: 3.' Plur. Is. 34: 8. 
 Sn^V*^ ^^' ^^^V*P? dec. X. recom- 
 
 T ... 
 
 pense^ punishment. Ps. 91. 8. 
 
 iD'pt!!) ni. proper name of a king of Is- 
 rael. 2 K. 15: 8 16. 
 
 nb VtD a propel name, Solomon^ the 
 
 son of David, king of Israel. Sept. 
 2iuXoo^ojv, in Josephus and the N. 
 T. 2^Q).ofic6v. Its appellative im- 
 port, which is alluded to 1 Chr. 
 
 22: 9. is peaceable^ (comp. the Sax- 
 on name Frederick^ i. e. peaceable ;) 
 from tZ3ib"jb and the termination Ti or 
 
 % equivalent to 1% (comp. tl'::'^^, 
 'jib^'ip,) which is added to ab- 
 stract nouns to give them the force 
 of concretes. See Gesenius' Lehrgeb. 
 122.1. p. 513. 
 ]l2blD Hos. 10 : 14. more at length 
 
 ^p.i<3^V4? 2K. 17:3. 18:9. proper 
 name of a king of Assyria between 
 Tiglath-pileser and Sennacherib. 
 Sept. 2Jakaf^c(v(xaaaQ.Vu\g. Salman- 
 assar. (The syllable IDN undoubt- 
 edly signifies prince^ and is found in 
 several Assyrian names, e. g. ""nb^n 
 ^DJ^bc, on which account it is some- 
 times omitted. For 172^^ no suitable 
 explanation has yet been found in 
 Persian.) 
 
 D''DbbiI) masc. plur.verbal from Dr*^, 
 
 recompenses ; hence rewards^ bribes. 
 Is. 1: 23. 
 U^tij, fut. Plb^""^, to draw out or off; 
 e.g. a shoe, Ruth 4: 7, 8. grass, Ps. 
 129 : 6. an arrow from the body 
 which it has penetrated, Job 20: 25. 
 and most frequently a sword, Num. 
 22: 23,31. Josh. 5 : 13. P)bt3 ^^bN 
 ^'^n a thousand men with drawn 
 swords^ i. e. armed men, Judg. 8: 10. 
 20: 2, 15, 17, 46. 2 Sam. 24:9. (in 
 Chald. more frequent.) 
 
 D 7 tp a proper name. Gen. 10:26. 1 
 
 Chr. 1: 20. a people of Arabia Felix, 
 prob. the ^Jukunrjvol of Ptolemy, 
 (Lib. VI. p. 154.) but nothing farther 
 is known of them. 
 
 ^Vd and diVd, const. ^^b^S before 
 Makkeph -X^ (Ex. 21: 11.) f and 
 mrbuj , const. n^.buj, m. dec. III. a.. 
 
 and XIII. e. 
 
 1. three. ta''2;2J lUib^ three years ; 
 rarely after the noun, e.g. tD^^.:? 
 '\Ll'b^ three cities, Josh.21:32. -n3\i;3 
 u:ib^5 in the third year., 2 K. 18:1. 
 n'n^i: ^b'iJ thirteen. (With suff. 
 D5nTI?b*i; ye three, Num. 12: 4. 
 Cani^b^ they three^Num. 12: 4. 
 
C3 
 
 669 
 
 QtD" 
 
 2. three times. Job 33: 29. 
 Plur. tZ)"'j:;b'ii com. gen. tliirty. 
 tjsed as an ordinal, t K. 16: 23. 
 Deriv. out of course "IJ'^^'r, "''^"'^^ 
 
 lfh;6 see D'^pp . 
 
 'dV'iD Pi. denom. from UJ^'^. 
 
 1. to divide into three parts. Deut. 
 19:3. 
 
 2. <o repeat the third time. I K.18: 
 34. 
 
 3. to do on the third day. 1 Sam. 
 20: 19 n'^.n nUJr*!?*? and on the third 
 day them shalt come down. 
 
 Pu. 1. to be triple^ three-fold. Ecc. 
 4:12. Ezek. 42:6. 
 
 2. to he three years old. Gen. 15:9. 
 Q^^'dVlb masc.plur. denom. from '25y>^, 
 
 posterity of the third generation, 
 grand-children. Ex. 20 : 5. 34: 7. 
 D'"vD]?'2J "^32 great grand-children., 
 Gen." 50: 2 (Comp. ^zn.) 
 
 n^^'ji name of a district or country 
 
 in Palestine. Once 1 Sam. 9: 4. In it 
 was probably situated the city 
 {Tiibuj-lr^'z 2 K. 4 : 42. This latter 
 
 T T 
 
 is called by Eusebius Bcth-Shalisha, 
 and is placed by him 15 Roman 
 miles north of Diospolis. 
 tS'^D^tD adv. (from t\:^ = u;^*v^ and 
 
 the adverbial termination Q_l) three 
 days ago., the day before yesterday, 
 always joined with b^Jar^, e. g.bl72ri 
 D'i/V'P yesterday and the day before, 
 1. e. heretofore, Ex. 5 : 8. bi^ns 
 Duir 'iJ as yesterday and the day before, 
 i. e. as heretofore, Gen. 31 : 3. 2K. 
 13: 5. U^'bp bi^ri73 in time past, be- 
 foretime, Deut. 19:6. .Tosh. 20 : 5. 
 DU;bu3 D5 b^Zin D5 both yesterday and 
 the day before, i. e. in time past, 2 
 Sam. 5: 2. 
 tSiD adv. 1. there. D'diJD thence. -TJ:i 
 D"^ where, for the most part separat- 
 ed by intervening words. Gen. 13:3. 
 2 Sam. 15: 21. also connected, 2 
 Chr.6:ll. dU) D'b here, there, Is.28:10. 
 2. J. q, 7:72^\hitJir. 1 Sam. 2: 14. 
 
 2 K. 19: 32. Joined with 'n^N, whith- 
 er, 1 K.18: 10. Jer. 19: 14.' 
 
 3. spoken of time, then, (like the 
 Greek 6X6? and the Lat. ibi.) Ps. 14: 
 5. 132:17. Judg. 5: 11. 'Zi'^izfrom 
 that time, Hos. 2: 17. [2: 15.] ' 
 
 4. with n paragogic n72p (JVfiZe/, 
 hence read shamma;) (l.) thither. 
 Gen. 19: 20. (2.) more rarely i. q. 
 n^ there, Is. 34: 15. Jer. 18: 2. (3.) 
 with '^\2:^^, whither; more rarely 
 where, e. g. 2 K. 23: 8. 
 
 t2'd m. const. D"r, sometimes before 
 
 Makkeph -f^;, with sufE ''12V, 
 "r^^V , t35:qp , plur. T^iJ^'^t const. 
 D112', dec. VII. e. 
 
 1. a name. s tD">232 in the name 
 of any one, Ex. 5 : 23. Est. 3:12. 
 nin;' tZSira in the name of Jehovah, 
 Jer. i 1:21." 26: 9. Dipn i^^p^, see 
 under the article N-ip. Particular- 
 ly,a celebrated name, celebrity, renown, 
 &k3 "^'43:^ men of renown, Num. 16. 
 2. 1 Chr. 5: 24. Gen. 6: 4. Antith. 
 Job 30: 8 a^J ^bi ':2 the children 
 of the ignoble, i. e. the ignoble, n^:^ 
 M ib Gen. 11:4. Jer. 32:20. and 
 tDXa ib uD^ t; 2 Sam. 7: 23. io make 
 
 for one'^s self a name. Zeph. 3: 19 
 tlD'viib^ nVt^nb tDTiT^'^ / will make 
 them for a praise and a name. Verse 
 20. Deut. 26: 19. Gen. 9: 27 'brfijz 
 D'i? in tents of renown. Sometimes 
 specifically, a good name, Ecc. 7: 1. 
 Prov. 22: 1. 
 
 2. a rumour, report. 5?*^ tDU? an ill 
 report, Deut. 22: 14, 19." Neh. 6: 13 
 ^n tDwib CDnb Si^n ii ^/iowW. be to 
 them (the occasion) /or an ill report 
 (concerning me.) 
 
 3. ninl uDT' the name of Jehovah, 
 particularly in the following signifi- 
 cations and connexions; (l.) the 
 praise or glory of Jehovah, e. g. Is. 
 48: 9 "^72^ ]^'^^. for my nameh sake, 
 
 for my praise or glory. Ps. 79 : 9. 
 106: 8. Ezek. 20: 44. 1 K. 8: 41. (In 
 other passages this phrase signifies, 
 according to his name, i. e. according 
 to what his name Jehovah signifies; 
 
fi'JD 
 
 070 
 
 ^12'^ 
 
 see 1^^^ no. 2.) Ps. 138:2 "-bs-i?^? 
 *^'^.p above all thy name,i.e. above all 
 that has been said in praise of thee. 
 Hence (2.) Jehovah^ considered as 
 the object of prayer, worship or 
 praise ; e. g. nin^ ^V^ ^1P^ to call 
 on the name of Jehovah ; comp. the 
 phrases under signif.no. 1 . '^/Siz^ "^^.^J.^ 
 they that love thy name^ Ps. 5 : 1 2. 
 ^^'p ^i-;'!'' they that knorv thy name^ 
 Ps. 9: 11. "^^/^ ^w\'^"'^ they that fear 
 thy name, Ps. 6 1 : 6." 91:14. 99:3. 
 (3.) the presence of Jehovah, (comp. 
 tZ)"':^,) or Jehovah, considered as 
 every where present ; e. g. Ex. 23: 
 21 is'ip:: ^TZ'^J "^Dfor my name is in 
 him {the angel) 1 K. 8 : 29 r7;;n'^ 
 tZlX '^'i/iD there {in the temple) shall 
 my name 'dwell 2 K. 23: 27. 1 K. 3: 
 2 no house was yet built for the name 
 of Jehovah. 5: 17,19. [5.3,5.] 8:17,20. 
 V2'J3 "JS'i;, ^'itJ to place his name, or 
 cavse it to dwell any where ; see un- 
 der tm\D and ]5U;, Also considered 
 as present and mighty to help, Ps. 
 54: 3 O God! ''2y^':J^.r\ ^iyi)2 by thy 
 name, i.e. by thy powerful presence, 
 save me. 44: 6. 124: 8. 89: 25. 20: 2. 
 Is. 30: 27. Hence 
 
 4. t=i'4 and tZl^'iri Lev. 24: 11, 16. 
 Deut. 28: 58. used, by way of emi- 
 nence, for Jehovah. (The Samari- 
 tans read iiJ2'^X = tz:^j; for !lin^, as 
 the Jews read "^^IN.) 
 
 5. a monument, which preserves 
 the name or memory of a person. 2 
 Sam. 8: 13. Is. 55: 13. 
 
 6. She7n, the second son of Noah. 
 Gen. 5: 32. According to the gene- 
 nlogical table in Gen. x, the nations 
 of southwestern Asia, as the Per- 
 sians, Assyrians, Syrians, Hebrews 
 and a part of the Arabians, were de- 
 scended from him. See on this sub- 
 ject Gesenius' Gesch. der hebr. 
 Sprache and Schrift, p. 5, G. 
 
 t2ID ni. Ghald. a name. Dan. 4: 5. [4: 
 8.] Ezra 5: 1. With suff. W^UJ (from 
 D-::) Dan. 2 : 20, 26. 4: 5. [4': 8.] 5: 
 12. Ezra 5: 14?!^.^ ISTSUJ'::':? ^^^Tl 
 and they were given to Sheshbazzar. 
 
 as his name was, liter, they were giv 
 en to him whose name was Sheshbaz- 
 zar. Plur. in^^r Ezra 5: 4, 10. 
 ^l2'iD in Kal not used. 
 
 Hiph. ^^)2ii;n 1. to destroy, e. g. 
 cities, altars'. ' Lev. 26 : 30. Num. 
 33: 52. 
 
 2. more frequently to destroy, 
 e. g. men, nations. Deut. 1 : 27. 2: 
 12, 21, 22, 23. Est. 3: 6. Infin. IXliiJn 
 used as a subst. destruction. Is. 14: 
 23. Infin. with suff. 'ri^^tt/^rrr, D-T''72'j;r7, 
 Deut. 7: 24. 28: 48.' Josh. iT: 14." 
 
 Niph. pass. 1 . to be laid waste ; 
 spoken of a plain, Jer. 48: 8. of high 
 places, Hos. 10: 8. 
 
 2. to be destroyed. Gen. 34: 30. Ps^. 
 37: 38. 
 
 152 c3 Chald. Aph. to destroy: Dan. 
 7126. 
 
 n^ ^ f- verbal from G^TIJ, dec. X. 
 
 1. a desolation. Is. 5: 9. Jer. 2: 
 15. Ps. 73: 19 Tliz'^tb rn T^ how 
 have they become a desolation I 
 
 2. astonishment, amazement. Jer. 
 8: 21. Particularly an object of as^ 
 tonishment, Deut. 28: 37. Jer. 19: 8 
 ^j^'llLJri r[72'4?b for an astonishment 
 and a derision. 25: 9, 18. 51: 37. 
 
 "jn^iD Chald.' plur. rmmes, see Dp. 
 
 7i^'^^v2} m. a proper name, Samuel^ 
 
 son of Elkanah, a judge and high- 
 priest in Israel, who first gave to 
 the people a king. According to 1 
 Sam. 1: 20, the name is a contraction 
 of bfi<>*^^'^; {heard of God,) by the 
 omission of y. As it is now written, 
 it may be compounded of V2'QJ i. q. 
 D*.p a name, (like ^^'n = ^n, tiri?^ = 
 n'D a man ;) hence liter, the name of 
 God. Comp. Gesenius' Gesch. der 
 hebr. Sprache, p. 49. 
 T]^V2'S and T]^12'^ f. verbal from 
 
 S>12t'^ dec. X. 
 
 1. news, tidings. 1 Sam. 4:19. Ei- 
 ther of good, (Prov. 15: 30. 25: 25.) 
 or of evil, (Jer. 49: 23. Ps. 112: 7.) 
 e. g. of the approach of a formidable 
 enemy, Jer. 10: 22. Particularly a 
 
'SDID 
 
 671 
 
 tj^Q'd 
 
 message from God, Is. 53: 1. Jer. 49: 
 14. hence 
 
 2. instruction^ doctrine. Is. 28: 9. 
 
 3. a rumour, report. 2 Chr. 9: 6. 
 l552vI3 synonymous with u:t::. 
 
 '^l. fo remi^ (a debt.) Deut. 15: 2. 
 
 2. to cause to rest, to let lie tmculti- 
 vated, as the ground. Ex. 23: 11. 
 
 3. construed with ]^.,^o cease from 
 any thing. Jer. 17: 4. 
 
 4. io cawse io yh/^, to throw down. 
 2 K. 9: 33. 
 
 5. <o fereaA: loose, to set one'^s self 
 free. 2 Sam. 6 : 6 ^T>zri ^UIZ'lJ ^"2 
 for the oxen wmdd set themselves free. 
 .(Comp. the synon. wiDS no. 10. to 
 
 draw out, in Niph. to be loosed.).. 
 
 Niph. to be scattered, liter, to be 
 loosed. Ps. 141: 6. Comp. the synon. 
 *dD3 no. 9. Others : to be dismissed. 
 Others : to be thrown down ; comp. 
 Kal no. 4. 
 
 Hiph. i. q. Kal no. 1. to release, re- 
 mit. Deut. 15: 3. 
 MtJ^^u} f. verbal from 'Q7y:5, a remis- 
 sion, release. Deut. 15 : 1, 2. "Ti^iJ 
 
 the universe, Gen. 1: 1. 2: 1. 14: 19^ 
 
 22. The Hebrews conceived of 
 heaven as a solid arch, (see y'^p^ ;) 
 as resting on pillars, (Job 26: 11.) 
 as having foundations, (2 Sam. 22 : 
 8.) and a gate, (Gen. 28: 17.) and 
 as sending down rain from its open 
 doors or sluices, (Ps. 78 : 23. 2 K. 
 7: 2, 19.) 
 
 'j'^Sd, emph. i<^^UJ, Chald. idem. 
 Sometimes used where we might 
 expect the word God, Dan. 4: 23. 
 [4: 26.] i^l'iy^, ?1-N the God of heav- 
 en, Dan. 2: 18, 37. Ezra 5: 11, 12. 
 6: 9, 10. Comp. Tob, 10: 12. Rev. 
 11: 13. 
 
 ^'D'^^'d, fem. n*^-,, (denom. from Ji:72UJ 
 
 eigllt,) the eighth. Ex. 22: 29. The 
 fem. n'^:''72*i/ octava is used in refer- 
 ence to music, and denotes a par- 
 ticular tone, (not a musical instru- 
 ment as is commonly supposed,) Ps. 
 6: 1. 12: 1. From 1 Chr. 15: 21, it 
 appears to have been the lowest of 
 the three parts or voices; according 
 to Forkel, the fundamental base, sung 
 by men. 
 
 !rst273;L"?l the year of release, Deut. 
 15l g.'s'l: 10. This was every sev- -jh^'^ m. dec. III. a. 
 enth year, when debts were cancel- 
 led and agriculture intermitted. 
 t3*'^U3 masc. plur. const, "^^/^p, the heav- 
 en or heavens. (The singular is found 
 
 in the Arab. '^U**', from U^ to be 
 high. The corresponding form of 
 the singular may in Hebrew have 
 been "'^ra;, whence the plur. ^^,72'2J, 
 like "^15, plur. D'^i.n. Comp. D*^.) 
 With n parag. tl^T^'^n to or towards 
 heaven. Gen. 15 : 5. 28 : 12. "TirwN 
 D'^TS'iJJl the God of heaven, a frequent 
 phrase in the later books, (see the 
 Chald.) 2 Chr. 36 : 23. Ezra 1 : 2. 
 Neh. 1: 4, 5. 2: 4, 20. Ps. 136: 26. 
 Jon. 1: 9. in connexion with nirr''. 
 
 Gen. 24 : 3, 7. D:??;^n-^^;i;n nyzh i3?.?' ^"^P^^- '^' ^"*- ^^'' P^"^* ^'^^> 
 
 i. q. u2^l and &^J^ no. II. 
 
 1. a thorn, a thorn-bush. (In Arab. 
 
 jA-^.) Is. 5: 6. 7: 23, 24, 25. 9: 17. 
 
 10: 17. 27: 4. 32: 13. 
 
 5 y / 
 
 2. a diamond. (In Arab. J^-^^.) 
 Jer. 17: 1. Ezek. 3: 9. Zech. 7: 12. 
 (The root ^.aw signifies to pierce,, to 
 
 nail; whence in Hebrew ^J2p^J2a. 
 nail ; and prob. also ^"^ly^ in both 
 signitications, the diamond being 
 used to engrave with.) 
 
 3. proper name of a city in the 
 tribe of Judah. Josh. 15: 48. 
 
 4. also of another in mount Ephra- 
 im. Judg. 10: 1,2. 
 
 the heaven and the heaven of heavens, 
 a rhetorical expression for the high- 
 est or most holy heavens, Deut. 10: 
 14. 1 K. 8: 27. 2 Chr. 2: 5. D^^i^irt 
 ynjjrii the heaven and the earth, i. e. 
 
 1. to be laid waste, made desolate. 
 Ezek. 33: 28. 35: 12, 15. Part. tZlTjiu; 
 desolate. Lam. 1: 4. 3: 11. spoken of 
 persons, fairit, desponding, Lam. 1 : 
 
otui 
 
 672 
 
 p\D 
 
 13, 16. Plur. fern. ni72/2iUJ waste 
 places^ desolations^ xastata^ Is. 61 : 4 
 Q'':u:N^ nitt^iu; the desolations of 
 former generations. Dan. 9 : 18, 26 
 ni^^.i^ f^^in?. the decreed desola- 
 tions. 
 
 2. more rarely trans, to lay waste. 
 Ezek. 36: 3 ;iJt;r;i r\V2'q ')?:ni "j^^ 
 
 Q^ri^ because they have laid you 
 waste and destroyed you ; (n^73'43 is 
 strictly a verbal noun, but used here 
 as an infin.) Part. tSTpViJ a desolater, 
 ravager^ Dan. 9: 27. ib^.\r;n 5>\Z^5. the 
 wickedness of the desolater., Dan.8:13. 
 and C3^;i?' ynpUJ the abomination of 
 the desolaier., Dan. 12 : 11. prob. the 
 idolatrous altar which Antiochus E- 
 piphanes caused to be built on the 
 altar of burnt-offerings at Jerusalem. 
 Comp. 1 Mace. 1: 54. 6: 7. In the 
 plur. the abominations of the desolater., 
 Dan. 9: 27. perhaps idols. 
 
 3. to be solitary^ single., spoken of 
 a woman. 2 Sam. 13: 20. Is. 54: 1. 
 (The ideas desolate and single are 
 kindred and found united in the sy- 
 nonymous word 1^73^3. Comp. the 
 figure Is. 62: 4.) 
 
 4. to be amazed^ astonished. 1 K. 
 9:8. Jer. 18: 16. Construed with 
 "b^ of the thing. Is. 62: 14. Jer. 2: 
 12. 
 
 Niph. 3^0 1. to be laid waste., 
 made desolate., i. q. Kal. Jer. 12: 11. 
 Spoken of persons, to faint., languish., 
 Lam. 4: 5. Spoken of a way, to be 
 solitary., deserted^ Lev. 26: 22. Is. 33: 
 8. Comp. Kal no. 3. 
 
 2. i. q. Kal no. 4. to be amazed., 
 astonished. Jer. 4: 9. Construed with 
 :i? of the thing, Job 18: 20. 
 
 Po. part. LZ;73r2;7:. 
 
 1. a desolater., ravager. Dan. 9: 27. 
 11: 31. See Kal no. 1. 
 
 2. solitary^ spoken of a mourner. 
 Ezra 9: 3, 4. Else astonished, comp. 
 Hiph. no. 2. 
 
 Hiph. tD'lill, fut. tD''ip2? i^^n. 
 tz:u;n, part.*"t:^^-pJ2. 
 
 1. i. q. Kal no. 2. to lay waste. 
 Lev. 26: 31, 32. Ezek. 30: 12, 14. 
 
 2. to be amazed., astonished, con- 
 founded. Ezek. 3: 16. Construed with 
 iy ofthething, Mic. 6: 13. 
 
 3. trans, to amaze, astonish. Ezek. 
 32: 10. 
 
 Hoph. d'^il (hosham,) plur. ^72^:3^, 
 (for Qiin, which is read in some 
 MSS. and editions.) 
 
 1. to be waste, desolate. Lev. 26: 
 34, 35, 43. 
 
 2. to be amazed, astonished. Job 
 21: 5. 
 
 Hithpo. tD7:inuin, fut. once 
 tZDTJtJ^ Ecc. 7: 16. " * 
 
 1. to destroy one''s self. Ecc. 7: 
 16. 
 
 2. to be astonished, amazed, con- 
 founded. Is. 59:16. 63:5. Dan. 8: 27. 
 
 Ps. 143: 4. 
 Deriv. out of course in73'2;, ii73*2Jx:. 
 G^d Chald. Ithpo. tZl^.iniJiJ to be as- 
 tonished, amazed. Dan. 4 : 16. |4: 
 19.] 
 
 t2'Q k23 m. verbal adj. from uDTS'iJ, dec. 
 
 V. a. desolate, waste. Dan. 9: 1 7. 
 iTI^^'vp f. verbal from uD7p/iJ, dec. 
 
 XL c. 
 
 1. desolation, a waste. Is. 1: 7. 
 M^73'i) '^r'l^^ (" desolate wilderness, 
 Jer. 12: 10. n73U;72n "^9^^.^ wasting 
 and desolation, i. e. an entire desola- 
 tion, Ezek. 33: 28, 29. 35: 3. 
 
 2. amazement, astonishment. Ezek. 
 7: 27. 
 
 n^^p f. (for :i^72*iJ,) verbal from 
 BT?;*^, dec. X. idem. Ezek. 35: 7, 9. 
 
 ll/G^iD m. verbal from tZD^^IJ, amaze- 
 ment, astonishment. Ezek. 4: 16. 12: 
 19. 
 
 It'd or \l2'Cl-> fut. JTS'IJ';, to be or be- 
 
 come fat. Deut. 32: 15. Jer. 5: 28. 
 
 Hiph. 1. to make fat, to cover with 
 fat ; e. g. the heart, i. e. to render 
 it obdurate or insensible. Is. 6: 10. 
 (comp. Ps. 119: 70.) 
 
 2. to become fat. ISfeh. 9: 25. 
 I^lJ verbal adj. from '}7r^, dec. V. a. 
 
 fat; (l.) spoken of persons, stout, 
 robust, Judg. 3: 29. Comp. t=3-':7:U?7: 
 no. 2. (2.) of a country, Num. 13: 
 20. of bread. Gen. 49: 20. 
 pd m. (fem. Cant, 1: 3.) with suff. 
 
 J 
 
^nnQ 
 
 673 
 
 3?!Qtri 
 
 ''rrij, plur. tZS'^rj'iJ, verbal from 
 ^ad, dec. VI. a. 
 
 ^' fat, fatness. Ps. 109: 24. rtnui73 
 tD'';'Jw a jTa^ or sumptuous feast, Is. 
 26: 6. I^ui-]^., see fs no. 5. 
 
 2. oil. Gen. 28: 18. ]73'4: y? a ta^i'/^ 
 olive-tree, oleaster, different from rT^T 
 iAe common olive-tree, Neh. 8: 15. 1 
 K. 6: 23. 
 
 3. *;t>icec? oiV, ointment. Ps. 1 33: 2. 
 Prov. 21: 17. Applied as a remedy, 
 Is. 1: 6. 
 
 C^S^OkT masc. plur. verbal from )J2X, 
 
 dec. VIII. h. fat, fatness, (of the 
 earth.) Gen. 27: 28, 39 y-iwNt ':75'l:73 
 for y-ifi* "':;2"^>3, (parall. bc:^ ;) in 
 verse 28, of the fitness of the earth ; 
 in verse 39, 'without fairness of earth. 
 uVl2*p f. and n:b"iI3, const. ftj^tD, 
 
 m, ight. Plur. tD"':?^'!; com. gen. 
 eighty. Deri v. "'^'^^'^j. 
 
 2?!2d and VjZp 1. <o hear ; construed 
 
 with an accus, rarely with 2, Job 
 26: 14. The latter particularly with 
 the accessory idea of hearing with 
 jpleasure or satisfaction, Ps. 92: 12. 
 The person or thing heard is put in 
 the accus. Gen. 23: 8, 1 1 , 1 5. or is 
 preceded by V, Job 31: 35. by bi^., 
 2 Sam. 12: 16* by V'\-p'2, Gen. 30: 6. 
 Deot. 1: 45. by b^pb. Gen. 3:17. 
 The phrase to hear a person or thing 
 denotes (1.) to listen, to be attentive. 
 Gen. 23: 8. Job 31:35. (2.) to heark- 
 en, obey. Gen. .39: 10. Neh. 13:27. 
 Ex. 24: 7 all which Jelwvah hath spok- 
 en y^'J^^I T'i'p^Z we will do and obey. 
 (3.) to iiear, answer, spoken of God. 
 Ps. 10: 17, 28: 2. 54: 4. 
 
 2. to understand. Gen. 11: 7. 42: 
 23. Part. V'D;d prob. intelligent, un- 
 derstanding, i. q, yill, 1 K. 3 : 9. 
 Prov. 21: 28. 
 
 Niph. 1. to he heard, construed 
 with \hy di person. Neh. 6: 1,7. 
 
 2. to show one'^s self obedient or sub- 
 missive. Ps. 18: 45. 
 
 Pi. to cause to hear, to summon, 
 85 
 
 construed with an accus, of the per- 
 son. 1 Sam. 15: 4. 23: 8, 
 
 Hiph. 1. to cause to hear or be 
 heard. Jer. 48: 4. Construed with a 
 double accus. of the person and thing, 
 2 K. 7: 6. Ps. 143: 8. also with bi?. 
 of the person, Ezek. 36: 15. Also 
 ^^pz ri2tri Ezek. 27: 30. Ps. 26: 
 7. like b^p2 "jn:. 
 
 2. to announce ; construed with an 
 accus. of the thing, Is. 45: 21. with 
 an accus. of the person. Is. 44: 8, 
 48: 5. with two accus. 48: 6. 
 
 3. to call together or upon by pro- 
 chmation. 1 K. 15: 22. Jer. 50: 29. 
 51: 27. 
 
 4. in reference to music, intrans. 
 to sing, Neh. 1 2: 42. to play, 1 Chr. 
 15: 28. 16: 5. Particularly to sound 
 on a high note, 1 Chr. 15: 19. Comp. 
 
 5 / c X 
 
 TVlZ. (Arab. ^^^.m^/C a songstress ; 
 
 5, ' 
 
 P'-'****' music.) 
 
 Deriv. out of course JiS^l^r, 
 
 ^12_'0 Chald. to hear, construed with 
 
 b^J concerning a person. Dan. 5 : 
 14, 16. 
 
 Ithpe. to show one^s self obedient 
 or submissive. Dan. 7: 27. 
 
 0^12X!j m. with suif. >"^'4J, verbal from 
 ^}3r, dec. VI. i. 
 
 1. a hearing. Job 42: 5. 
 
 2. a message, intelligence, news, 
 I q. ny^;ij. Hos. 7: 12 Dn"!^;^ 5>^"vr3 
 CIS the news went to their assembly. 
 
 3. a report, rumour ; e. g. ^"^^fiyi^ 
 an evil report. Ex. 23: 1 . Ps. 1^8: 4*5 
 (t^? ^ly^h at the bare report (of me.) 
 The genitive subjoined expresses the 
 person to whom the report relates ; 
 e. g. r;72b^^ 3>^'^ the fame of 
 Solomon, 1 K. 10 : 1. In English 
 it may sometimes be omitted in trans- 
 lating, e. g. Gen. 29: 13 ^ib y72iL'3 
 
 -j^?.^ ^'^'*V.~^^. '^hen Laban heard 
 concerning Jacob. Is. 66:19. 
 
 4. in reference to music, a high 
 sound or note^ (see ^"^T^'^T] no. 4.) 
 
I^ri 
 
 674 
 
 nt3t!) 
 
 Ps. 150: 6 5>tt^. ^?.i?bir cymbals of a 
 high sound. 
 ^12'Q m. verbal from 5?^'i5, dec. VI. p. 
 report^ fame. Josh. 6: 27. 9: 9. 
 
 n:?^^ see nri52-j:. 
 
 j 15^52 113 {a hearing) Simeon, proper 
 
 name of a son of Jacob by Leah, 
 and progenitor of the tribe which is 
 named from him. Gen. 29: 33. The 
 territory assigned to this tribe is de- 
 scribed Josh. 19: 1 9. In Greek 
 
 V/QID ni. a short gentle sound, a whis- 
 pering. (Arab. (^^mJ celeriter lo- 
 qui.) Job 4: 12. 26: 14. In Talmud. 
 y??;^ signifies a little, which suits 
 the passages and is the rendering of 
 the Targum and Syriac version. But 
 the former interpretation is to be 
 preferred, because the following ar- 
 ticle rTZfc^S'yp may be explained from 
 the sdme Arabic root. Both may 
 likewise be explained by a colla- 
 tion with i'^^., see the following ar- 
 ticle. 
 
 n:S^ld f once Ex. 32: 25 rrij^"^':; 
 J2!l''73p^ so as to be overthrown by 
 their enemies ; comp. the Arabic root 
 iKij^Xij to drive away, thrust, smite, 
 pass, to hasten. According to the an- 
 cient versions and Jewish commen- 
 tators, an ill report, disgrace, comp. 
 ifJ2X (by a commutation of it and 
 5? ;) whence yn^ij likewise may be 
 explained. 
 
 ^)yb , fut. ^.73^:. 
 
 1 . to keep, watch, guard ; constru- 
 ed with an accus. rarely with irfii, 1 
 Sam. 26:15. with ^y, verse 16. Prov. 
 6: 22. with 2, 2 Sam. 18: 12. Con- 
 strued with '^12, to guard ov preserve 
 
 from any thing, Ps. 121: 7. 140: 5. 
 Part. I^S^li a watchman, guard. Cant. 
 3: 3. spoken of a shepherd, 1 Sam. 
 17: 20. 
 
 2. to keep, preserve, lay up. Ex. 
 22: 6. Particularly to keep in memo- 
 ry. Gen. 37: 11. Ps. 130: 3. Job 10: 
 14 '^2n"}!^"2;n thou keepest (it) in mem- 
 ory concerning me. Particularly to 
 
 keep or retain (anger,) Amos 1: 11 
 HJ^p. tTl^tli ^rrnny he kept his anger 
 forever ; (i^^^'^p pointed in this way 
 and with the accent on the penult, 
 is of the masc. gen. and the n is par- 
 agogic.) Hence by an ellipsis of 
 r^'Xl'J or ;]i<, (like ^DD no. 2.) Jer. 
 3: 5 n]i:b '173'^'] DN will he retain 
 (his anger) ybreT;er ? 
 
 3. to watcn, mark, observe. 1 Sam. 
 1: 12. Ps. 17: 4 I observed the ways 
 of the violent, scil. for the purpose 
 of avoiding them. In a different 
 sense, Prov. 2: 20. Construed with 
 b'^, Job 14: 16. with bwN, Ps. 59: 10. 
 Sometimes in a bad sense, to lie in 
 wait for. Job 13:27.33: 11. Ps. 56:7. 
 
 4. to observe, keep ; e. g. a cove- 
 nant, Gen. 17: 9, 10. the commands 
 of God, 1 K. 11: 10. the sabbath, Is. 
 56: 2, 6. a promise, 1 K. 3: 6. 8: 24. 
 Construed with b before an infin. to 
 take heed to do aiiy thing, Num. 23: 
 12. 2 K. 10: 31. 
 
 5. to worship, reverence ; e. g. Ps. 
 31:7. Hos. 4: 10. Comp. Virg. 
 Georg. IV. 212, observant regem noii 
 sic Mgyptus, etc. 
 
 6. to watch, besiege, (a city.) 2 Sam. 
 11: 16. Comp. 1:^2 no. 4. 
 
 7. as in Niph. lo beware of, con- 
 strued with I'll. Josh. 6: 18. 
 
 Niph. 1. to be guarded, preserved. 
 Ps. 37: 28. 
 
 2. reflex, to take heed, to beware. 
 Most frequently in the imper. 1?J^n 
 jD "Tjb take heed lest, Gen. 24: 6. 31: 
 24, 29. more rarely without '^'t, 1 
 Sam. 19: 2. comp. Is. 7: 4. In other 
 passages it is construed with '^12 be- 
 fore a noun or an infin. and it then 
 denotes (l.) to be cautious or careful 
 before any one. Ex.23:21. (2.) to ab- 
 stain, holdback from any thing. Deut. 
 23:10. also with a simple infin. Ex.19: 
 12. r:;Cj2 ^^W to take heed for 
 one^s life, Jer. 17: 21. also TiL^Drb 
 Deut. 4: 15. More rarely construed 
 with 2 of the thing guarded against, 
 2 Saml 20: 10. 
 
 Pi. i. q. Kal no. 5. Jon. 2: 9. 
 
 Hithpa. 1 . to be observed, pass, of 
 Kal no. 4. Blic. 6: 16. 
 
^i2'di 
 
 675 
 
 P 
 
 2. to take heed, beware, construed ^'Q^ Chald. Pa. Wt:!i to serve, waili 
 mih]J2. Ps. 18:24. - ^ .^ "" 
 
 Deriv. out of course n^b'^^J^, .^^.^- ^^- ^'- \^- 
 
 1^1212^ com. gen. (Ps. 104: 19. Gen.l5: 
 
 19.) with suff. "^'iJtt'iJ, prim. dec.VI.h. 
 
 1. the sun. 'iJ^/^a?! rnn under the 
 
 sun, i. e. oh the earth, a frequent 
 
 expression in Ecclesiastes, as chap. 
 
 *)5DiI3 m. verbal from IJy'ii, dec. VI. h. 
 found only in the plur. Q-^^T^vLj. 
 
 1. lees or dregs of wine, so called 
 from their preserving the strength 
 and colour of the wine which was 
 left to stand upon them, tap'ij and 
 Vn^UJ b? N5|7 Jer. 48: 11. Zeph. 1: 
 12. to rest upon one^s lees, i.e. to con- 
 tinue quietly in one's former condi- 
 tion, a proverbial expression taken 
 from wine. 
 
 2. wine kept on the lees. Is. 25 : 6 
 tD"'ppT73 D'^'n'iUJ wine on the lees well 
 refined. 
 
 rn^d f. verbal from ^/2^^, dec. X. 
 
 an eyelid, quasi custodia oculi. Ps. 
 77:5. 
 
 ini/2i3 f. verbal from ^7?^, a watch. 
 Ps.l41:3. 
 
 C'lSSiD m. verbal from 'n^'.y, the ob- 
 servance (of a festival,) a festival. Ex. 
 12:43. Comp. nr^ri ITW. 
 
 Vl'n^ilD ^' Samaria, a proper name; 
 
 (1.) the metropolis of the kingdom 
 of Israel and the royal residence, 
 
 1: 3,9, 14. 2 : 11. -^i^.^ ^2Sb in the 
 sun-shine. Job S: IQ. The rising o{ 
 the sun is expressed by the verbs 
 ^2^;, n^T , and its setting by 5<=i2. 
 As an image of light and prosperity, 
 Ps.84: 12. 
 
 2. Plur. nr:3^'iJ Is. 54 : 12, battle- 
 ments, pinnacles, turrets, (on a wall.) 
 Liter, beams of the sun ; otherwise 
 called by the Hebrews horns, (comp. 
 InjD no. 4. and "J"^!?,) hence artificial 
 horns, teeth. Sept. inaX^sig. 
 "] 1123 52^ Samson, the proper name o^ 
 
 an Israelitish judge, the Hercules 
 of the Hebrews. Judg.l3:24fr. Sept. 
 JSufiij.)(vv, which Josephus (Antiq. 
 Jud. V. 10.) interprets iGX^Qog ; but 
 his explanations have little philolog- 
 ical weight, (see Gesenius' Gesch. 
 der hebr. Sprache, p. 81, 82.) and 
 jrj^'ij is rather a dimin. from 'CiTy^ 
 the sun, like plJlU) from ^n^ the 
 moon. 
 situated on a mountain of the same ^wD com. gen. before Makkeph ")% 
 
 name. 1 K. 16: 24. Am. 4: 1. 6: 1. In 
 later times named by Herod 2Je(3aa- 
 rri, (Joseph! Antiq. Jud. xv. 7. 7.) 
 Now a small village called Sebaste, 
 also Shemrun, Shemrin. (2.) name of 
 a country. ]T*^X3U3 '^'^y the cities of 
 Samaria, 2 K. 17 : 26. "^23: 19. ^^n 
 p'^^UJ the mountains of Samaria, 
 Jer. *31 : 5. So the calf at Bethel 
 is called Hos. 8: 5, 6, the calf of Sa- 
 maria. The cities of Samaria are 
 spoken of under Jeroboam by a pro- 
 lepsis, 1 K. 13 : 32. The gentile 
 noun is "Dh^tJ 2 K. 17: 29. 
 
 ]^y2ti Chald. Ezra 4 : 10, 17. i. q. 
 Heb. "jT^^ia* Samaria, as the name 
 of a city. 
 
 with suff. iS'p, prim. dec. VIII. b. 
 
 1. a tooth. Ex. 21:24,27. 
 
 2. particularly an elephant'^s toothy 
 ivory. 1 K.IO: 18. Cant. 5:14. 'na 
 "ju: ivory palaces, i. e. palaces inlaid 
 with ivory. Am. 3:15. Ps. 45: 9. 
 Comp. 1^1^ no. 1. 
 
 3. the tooth of a rock, a sharp cliff. 
 1 Sam. 14: 4. Job 39:28. Comp. Syr. 
 
 I b.A^M cliffs. 
 
 4. proper name of a place, per- 
 haps of a rock. 1 Sam. 7: 1 2. 
 
 Dual D'^roJ teeth, (the dual num- 
 ber referring to the two rows.) Gen. 
 49: 12. Am. 4: 6. Used also for the 
 plural, 1 Sam. 2: 13, (the plural itself 
 not occurring.) 
 
\m 
 
 676 
 
 "iDtD 
 
 t^y^ (after the Chaldaic form) i. q. 
 M^ij to be changed. Lam. 4: 1. 
 Pu. idem. Ecc. 8: 1. See Si:u3. 
 
 T T 
 
 ]^ri25, fut. ^^D;ij:, Chald. 
 
 1. to be changed or altered. Dan.6: 
 18. 3: 27. Particularly to be c/mnged 
 
 for the tsoorse.^ in pejus mutari ; and 
 spoken of the countenance, to lose 
 its brightness.^ Dan. 5: 6. 
 
 2. to be different.^ diverse. Dan. 7: 
 3, 19,23, 24. 
 
 Pa. 1. to change.^ alter ^ transform. 
 Dan. 4: 13 [4 : 16] his heart they 
 shall change., i. e. it shall be chang- 
 ed. 
 
 2. to violate., transgress., (a royal 
 command.) Dan. 3: 28. (In Syr. more 
 common.) 
 
 3. part, pass, different., diverse. 
 Dan. 7: 7. 
 
 Ithpa. to change itself to be altered. 
 Dan. 2: 9. Spoken of the counte- 
 nance, Dan. 3: 19. 7:28. 
 
 Aph. 1 . to change., alter ; e. g. 
 times and seasons, Dan. 2:21. a royal 
 command, Dan. 6: 9, 16. 
 
 2. to transgress. Ezra 6: 11, 12. 
 
 jfiN- U m. verbal from N^'iJ, a repeti- 
 tion. Ps. 68:18 li^D'J '^^^J^ thousands 
 of repetition., i. e. repeated or many 
 thousands. 
 
 N^D'd f. i. q. ni'slJ sleep. Ps. 127 : 2. 
 
 Root 1^;^ to sleep. 
 ^^t^ f Chald. idem. Dan. 6: 19. Root 
 
 T 
 
 'jUi'^ to sleep. 
 n3'd,fut. rrrp';, (comp. the Chald. 
 
 T T 
 
 1 . to alter ^ to change or be changed. 
 Mai. 3:. 6. Lam. 4: 1, (where it is 
 written with N.) 
 
 2. to be different., diverse ; constru- 
 withltt. Est. 1:7. 3:8. 
 
 3. to be of a different opinion. 
 Part. plur. a*^:;^' schismatics., Prov. 
 24:21. 
 
 4. to repeat., to do a second time^ 
 (comp. tZl";:'!? two.) Neh. 13: 21 
 Ji:UJn D5^ if ye do {so) again. 1 Sam. 
 26": 8. 2 Sam. 20 : 10. Prov. 17: 9 
 
 'n^'li n53 he who repeateth a mat* 
 ter (which has been forgotten,) i. e. 
 he that stirs it up anew. 1 K. 18:34. 
 
 Niph. to be repeated. Gen. 41: 32. 
 
 Pi. nsiJ (once fi<:UJ 2 K. 25 : 29.) 
 
 1. to change., alter ; e. g. one's 
 promise, Ps. 89: 35. one's way, Jer. 
 2: 36. right, i.e. to pervert it, Prov. 
 31: 5. 
 
 2. to change (garments.) Jer. 52: 
 33. 2 K. 25: 29. 
 
 3. to change or disfigure (the 
 countenance.) Job 14: 20. 
 
 4. to remove., change the place of a 
 thing. Est. 2: 9. 
 
 5. T:25^D-n^t Hi'ii to dissemble one'' s 
 understanding., i. e. to act like a mad 
 man. Ps. 34: 1. 1 Sam. 21: 14. (In 
 
 Syr. {.JL.* without addition, to be 
 mad.) 
 
 Pu. to be changed., disfigured. Ecc. 
 8: 1, (where it is written with N.) 
 
 Hithpa. to disguise one''s self. I K. 
 14: 2. 
 
 Deriv. nzpis. 
 
 in3'U f. plur. D"'riJ, poetically niS'iJ 
 
 dec. XL a. a year., (perhaps liter, a 
 repetition or return of the same sea- 
 sons or natural appearances, see 
 ^iwtD no. 4. and comp. annus., i. q. an- 
 nulus, a n'n^, aVc/e; Greek iviavtog., 
 itog, Ivaa^ag.) iiriJ !l2-iJ Deut. 14: 
 22. !i:u;n nsuj iV: 2a nrij -"^n 
 
 ti:tt t". 
 
 ^::^1 1 Sam. 7 : 16. from year to 
 year. tl'b^ fi^n'ii nr^J the year two, 
 three., i. e. the second, third year ; 
 freq. Sometimes tir^^ is repeated j 
 e. g. nrd r\ii<}2 fq nryps in the 
 six hundredth year, Gen. 7: 11. Plur. 
 D*2"^ some years, 2 Chr. 18: 2. 
 
 Dual C^niu: two years ; often 
 joined with &"'73^, two years longy 
 (see Ca^ no. 2.) Gen. 41:1. Jer.28: 
 3, 11. 2 Sam. 13:23. 
 
 fljll) f. Chald. a year. Plur. l-^Sip 
 
 ban. 6: 1. 
 n3t!5 f (for lri:r.")) s/ee/?, a tZrcam. Ps. 
 
 90: 5. Root 1'^.;! ^0 sleep. 
 
"^DD 
 
 077 
 
 TjID 
 
 D'^anrj? masc. plur. 1 K. 10: 22. 2 
 
 Chr. 9:21. elephant'^s ieeth^ ivory. The 
 plural number refers to the multi- 
 tude of separate teeth, comp. D''32Si, 
 fi''C2'r. Sept. odovTfg iXecfavzivoi. 
 Chald. b'^DT I'iZJ dens elephanti. ]'J3 
 evidently denotes a tooth., (see above 
 no. 2.) but the signification of the 
 latter part D"'2n is unknown; and 
 the form of the word may be so cor- 
 rupted as to disguise its original 
 meaning entirely. 
 *^21D m- the crimson die^ also cloth or 
 
 thread coloured therewith., the coccus of 
 the ancients. It stands sometimes 
 alone, as Gen. 38: 28, 30. Jer. 4: 30. 
 sometimes in the phrase ^z^ nybin 
 Ex. 25: 4. or D^bin "^Z"^ Lev. 14: 4. 
 Plur. D-^riJ Is. 1: 18. 'Prov.31:21. 
 This colour is derived from the tur- 
 tle insect,(in Arab, i^'i kermez., in 
 
 Heb. ni'bin, coccus ilicis., Linn.) 
 which is found on the leaves of the 
 holly. The eggs of this insect 
 yield the die. The root is T\Z'^ in 
 Arab. . I^ splenduit, since scarlet 
 
 garments were admired for their 
 brightness ; hence in Aram. "^linT, 
 
 |.Aj^ax1 coccus., from *\JiT <o shine. 
 Others explain it double-dyed., (from 
 n:^ no. 4. to repeat.,) di^aq:ov., 
 which, however, is applicable to 
 the Tyrian purple only, and not to 
 the crimson die. See Braun de 
 Vestitu Sacerdotum, p. 237 ff. Bo- 
 charti Hieroz. T. III. p. 527 ff. ed. 
 Rosenmiiller. 
 '^^d, fem. n^:^, second. The fem. is 
 
 also used adverbially, a second time.. 
 Gen. 22: 15. 41: 5. Plur. W^^Zt sec- 
 ond, Gen. 6: 16. Num. 2. 16. 
 C^Dp masc. dual, trvo. (Etymological- 
 ly connected with JiiUJ to repeat.) 
 ^?2P ^IIP t'^o and two., Gen. 7: 9, 
 15. The const, state ^zp is used be- 
 fore the subst. With suff. DJi^riJ 
 duo illi., Gen. 2: 25. 
 Fem. D-in'^ for D^nr^j, as it would 
 
 be written, if regularly formed, 
 
 (comp. the Arab. (J^-^'f .) The 
 
 syllable 2 is thrown out by a synco- 
 pe, and the Dagesh in n appears to 
 be a Dagesh lene. Const, "'nip. 
 D^.r'ii also signifies a second time, 
 e. g. b";riU;^ D^"3 semel et iterum. 
 Neb. 13:20. D'inipz idem., Job 33:14. 
 The contracted forms CS T2J and 
 D'^ri'ii are used only in connexion 
 with ten., to express the number 
 twelve; as "I'^p^ C.'.^ twelve., m, 
 inn/i;^ 'D'^ri'uJ twelve., f. This punctu- 
 ation is the usual one in Syriac for 
 the dual. 
 
 j113''3 ID mockery., scorn., derision., liter. 
 a sharp pungent speech. rr:^:pb H^Ti 
 to be a derision, Deut. 28: 37. 1 K. 9^ 
 7. Root ]:"^, comp. particularly Ps, 
 64:4. 140:4. 
 
 "jDip to sharpen; e. g. the sword, 
 
 Deut. 32: 41. the tongue, Ps. 64: 4. 
 1 40: 4. i. e. to speak in a sharp in- 
 sulting manner. Part. pass. ]n:T23 
 sharp, Ps. 45: 5. Is. 5: 28. 
 
 Pi. to inculcate. Deut. 6: 7. 
 
 Hithpo. to be penetrated or pierced 
 (with pain.) Ps. 73: 21. 
 
 Deriv. n:*': J. 
 D3'2D found only in Pi. Zy6 to gird up. 
 
 Once IK. 18: 46. So all the ancient 
 versions and the context requires it. 
 
 I^jID a proper name, Shinar, the 
 
 territory of Babylon. Gen. 10:10. 
 11:2. 14:1. Jes. 11 : 11. Dan. 1:2. 
 Zech. 5 : 11. The boundaries of 
 this country are defined in Gen. 10: 
 10. and depend on the interpretation 
 given to the names of cities men- 
 tioned in that verse. If "^"i^f signi- 
 fies Edessa, then Shinar must have 
 extended so far as to embrace Mes- 
 opotamia ; but this is doubtful, and 
 the occurrence of Singara as the 
 name of a river, a chain of moun- 
 tains, and a city, in the north of Mes- 
 opotamia, is not a sufficient confirm- 
 ation. See Bocharti Phaleg, i. &. 
 
TiTin 
 
 678 
 
 b'Ji:6 
 
 Vater's Anm. zu Gen. 10: 10. J. D. Hithpa. fut. apoc. i^n'ij-', to look 
 
 Michaelis Spicileg. T.I. p. 231. around (for help,) to be 'dismayed, 
 
 DD'JD f. i. q. n:-i: sleep. Ps. 132 : 4. i- 4- Kal no. (4.) Is. 41: 10, 23. 
 
 Root )t:^ to sleep. ^^' ^.?? *' '^"'"^ '^^"' ^" ^^^^' i' ^ 
 
 nDiri io io27, io j3/MwtZer, construed ^-'^- ^^- ^^= ^ ^^^^ ^^/e* o/ </te seeing 
 
 ^ .",1 r *u .1 TT < o *^^^^ w< 6fi closed. 
 
 with an accus. of the thing. Hos. 13: j_^ 
 
 15. Used absolutely, Ps. 44: 11. "^W i- <-hald. Dan.4:16,emph. J^ns-r, 
 
 Part. CDiD 5jooi7m, Judg. 2: 14. 1 iTSnrii, a short time, a moment, else- 
 
 Sam. 23: 1. Synon. OD'iJ. 
 
 Po. nt^TO for inoiib" (as it stands 
 in several MSS.) idem. Is. 10: 13. 
 &pi23, fut. DtJ'^, irfe/zi, construed with 
 
 an accus. 1 Sam. 17: 53. Judg. 2: 
 14. Part. DNilJ, by a Syriasm for 
 ODtJ, Jer. 30: 16 Kethib, after the 
 
 form .i:J5 from .i:?. 
 
 where also an hour. Hence Nrrr r?2 
 171 the same moment, i. e. immediate- 
 ly, Dan. 3: 6, 15. 4: 30. [4: 33.] 5: 
 5. Dan. 4 : 16 [4 : 19] ^^n My'j:3 
 
 for a short time. (In Arab. ^cXmj 
 idem. In Dutch the word Stondt has 
 both significations.) 
 
 Niph. pass, to be plundered ,, "^^^^'^ ^' ^^^' ^- <^ ^^^-^Ping {of hors^ 
 spoiled. Is. 13: 16. Zech. 14: 2. es' hoofs.) Jer. 47: a (Arab, with 
 
 Deriv. tlD'^72. ,^ idem.) 
 
 5?Dt3 to make an incision, to cleave, "^y^^'i^ Lev. 19: 19. 
 
 split ; hence nD^D ^'Dip :?0^ io rfi- 
 T;tc?c the hoof, to have a cloven foot. 
 Lev. 11: 3, 7, 26. Comp. D"""!!:?!. 
 Pi. 1. to break, rend. Lev. 1:17. 
 
 2. to tear in pieces, e. g. a lion. 
 Judg. 14: 6. 
 
 3. metaphorically to chide, rebuke, 
 verbis rfi7acerare,i.q.^i*5. 1 Sam.24:8. 
 Sept. t'-rteuie. Chald. quietos reddidit. 
 
 5?Dip m. a cleft, see ^DtJ in Kal. 
 
 5*1 C "J} found only in Pi. to hew in pie- 
 ces. 1 Sam. 15: 33. Sept. taq:uli. 
 Vulg. in frusta concidit. Only in 
 Hebrew. 
 
 I. TI^'Cj to look, see. It is construed 
 
 (l.) with bN, to regard graciously. 
 Gen. 4: 4, 5. (2.) to look with confi- 
 dence to any thing ; construed with 
 2, Ex. 5: 9. with ]:'J, Is. 17: 7. 31: 1. 
 with i^N, 17: 8. (3.) to look away 
 from any thing, construed with "|72 
 and ir^-?:. Job 14: 6 ''"'^^'^. H^:^ 
 i>'3nll'} look away from him that he 
 may rest. 7: 19. Is. 22: 4. (4.) to look 
 ahmt (for help.) 2 Sam. 22: 42. 
 
 Hiph. imper. T2:T: (as if from ^^'^) 
 look away. Ps. 39 : 14. Or we may 
 read 5>\i;n, by apocope for JiiViJn. 
 
 Deut. 22: 11. 
 
 cloth made of different threads. Sept. 
 ni[3d}}\ov, adulterated. The etymol- 
 ogy is obscure. Some have suppo- 
 sed it to be derived from the Cop- 
 tic ; perhaps shonines, i. e. byssus 
 complicatus seu fimbriatus, (comp. 
 TDr, in Egypt, shont.) For deriva- 
 tions out of the Shemitish dialects, 
 see Bocharti Hieroz. T. I. p. 486, 
 487. 
 
 73^ u3 m. with suff. t^^"*?, plur. ^''ir^'c:, 
 const. ^\'?t, the hollow hand, Is. 40: 
 12. a handful, 1 K. 20: 10. Ezek. 
 13: 19. (Syr. iliuQii idem. In He- 
 brew, comp. hy^l^ a hollow way) 
 
 D'^P^^'d m. name of a country. 1 Sam. 
 
 9: 4. According to most interpreters, 
 i. q. the following article. 
 
 D'^Sbrd Judg. 1: 35. 1 K. 4: 9. and 
 
 l^'S^^ili Josh. 19: 42. proper name 
 
 of a city in the tribe of Dan. See 
 Relandi Palaestina, p. 988. (As an 
 appellative foxes, comp. the Arab. 
 v^JtS (ifox, i. q. r^^u:.) The gen- 
 tile noun is ^zz^T^ 2 Sam. 23: 32. 
 1 Chr. 11: 33,* **"'" 
 
y^'ca 
 
 679 
 
 '^TiD 
 
 y^'iD found only in Niph. 
 
 1. to lean^ rest ; construed with 
 V^w/jon a thing. 2 Sam. 1:6.-1?^;: 
 
 B 'l^ ^y to lean on the hand of any 
 one^ as oriental monarchs on the 
 hand of their officers, 2 K. 5: 18. 7: 
 
 2, 17. Construed with b?, also io 
 jtean against a thing, Judg. 16: 26. 
 
 2. metaphorically ?'o rely upon^ to 
 trust in ; construed with b^', Is. 10: 
 20. 31: 1. with r, Prov. 3: 5. with 
 
 3, Is. 50: 10. without cases, Job 
 ^4: 23. 
 
 3. to lie down^ to rest. Gen. 18: 4. 
 
 4. in a geographical sense, to bor- 
 der or hound on a country. Num. 
 21: 15. 
 
 Deriv. "irii^, n:rr^, )^tT^. 
 5?3^t25 in Aram, to make smooth, rub, 
 spread over ; also to caress, Jlatter. 
 (Comp. p'^n, D"':5 olrn.) In Heb. in 
 Kal, to be overspread, to be closed, 
 Is. 29: 9. see below Hithpalp. no. 2. 
 
 Hiph. imper. ^'^ri, to overspread, 
 close (the eyes.) Is. 6: 10. (In Aram. 
 ^^\D idem.) 
 
 Pilp. ^*'i;yij 1. to rejoice, delight. 
 Ps. 94: 19~ ' 
 
 2. to delight one''s self, to play. Is. 
 11: 8. Construed with an accus. of 
 the thing, Ps. 119: 70. These sig- 
 nifications are derived from the Ar- 
 amean signification of Kal. 
 
 Palp. :?-Ci^UJ to be Jlattered, ca- 
 ressed. Is. 66: \2. 
 
 Hithpalp. 5?'ijyn':[jr7. 
 
 1. to delight in any thing, constru- 
 ed with 2. Ps. 119: 16, 47. 
 
 2. pass", of Hiph. to be dazzled or 
 blinded. Is. 29: 9 ^S>X1 n^Uii'niJn be 
 ye dazzled and blinded, i. e. be ye 
 astonished, as in the first clause of 
 the verse. 
 
 Deriv. D"'r^>;*4:. 
 '^yO to think, estimate. Once Prov. 
 23: 7. (Chald. '^^XD to measure. Arab. 
 JUw tofx a price.) Hence 
 
 I. "^^'O m. verbal from li'iy, dec. VI. 
 c. a measure. Once Gen. 26: 12 lnN73 
 C'^'li'u; an hundred measures, i. e. an 
 hundred fold. 
 
 II. ")3?U3 com. gen. prim. dec. VI. c. 
 
 5 6/ 
 
 1 . a gate, porta. (Arab. r*-> idem. 
 
 Syr. and Chald. by transposition 
 S-'-^n.) In the gate the orientals have 
 their market, (see lain"!,) and their 
 courts of judgment, (Prov. 22: 22. 
 Amos 5: 10, 12, 15.) Thither the 
 people assemble to pass away time, 
 Gen. 19: 1. hence Ps. 69: 13 they 
 that sit in the gate, i.e. the idle. Ruth 
 3: 1 1 "^12^ n^"4J"~i^S the whole assem- 
 bly of my people, y^.^ "^^Z'^ the gates 
 or entrances of the land, Jer. 15 : 7. 
 Nah. 3: 13 ':j"'-\yu;a within thy gates^ 
 i. e. in thy cities, Deut. 12: 12. 14: 
 27. hence Deut. 16: 5 "^^l^'^, nni?2 
 in one of thy cities. 17:2. Comp. 
 further 1 K. 8 : 37. 2 Chr. 6 : 28. 
 The gates of Jerusalem, which are 
 all to be sought for in the ancient 
 or original wall, are as follows, pas- 
 sing from the west to the south and 
 east; (l.) y^^Tl "^^'O the fountain- 
 gate, Neh. 2: 14. 3: 15. 12: 37. prob. 
 so called from the fountain of Silo- 
 ah. (2.) nis'dNn ^T^ Neh. 2: 13. 
 3: 14. 12: 31. and by contraction 'tD 
 niEU;?^ 3: 13. the dung-gate. (3.) 'l^'D 
 fi^-jan the valley-gate. Neh. 2: 13, 15. 
 3:' 13. (4.) HiDn -li'U? Is. 31: 38. and 
 '3''25rT ny-J Zech. 14: 10. the corner- 
 gate. (5.) D';nDw\ 'u3 the gate of E- 
 phraim, Neh. 8: 16. supposed to be 
 the same with the gate of Benjamirt^ 
 Jer. 37: 13. 38: 7. Zech. 14: 10. (6.) 
 ^?-^?^I "^'-i'^the old gate, Neh. 3: 6. 
 12:39. prob. the same with ^T^ 
 "jTJNnn the first gate, Zech. 14: 10. 
 (7.) the' fish-gate. Neh. 3: 3. 12: 39. 
 (8.) the sheep-gate. Neh. 3: 1. 12: 
 39. (9.) Tj^Dsn '^ the review-gate. 
 Neh. 3: 31. Vulg. porta judicialis. 
 (10.) the horse-gate. Neh. 3: 28. Jer. 
 31: 40. (11.) the water-gate. Neh. 3: 
 26. 12:37. (12.) n''Dnr]n 'vD, see 
 that article. (l3.) ri"jL273rT 'u3 the 
 prison-gate, Neh. 12: 39. according 
 to some the same with no. (9.) 
 Comp. Bachiene Beschreibung von 
 ^alastina, Th. 2. 94107. Fa- 
 
n2)t!5 
 
 680 
 
 t:5ii3 
 
 milk, (comp. , ^xi^ the name for 
 
 hers Archaologie der Hebraer, Th. 
 1. p. 336. Other gates were not gates 
 of the city, but of the temple ; comp. 
 the articles -i;iD, n^":?.u;, 1td\ 
 
 2. particularly ihe great gate of a 
 royal citadel or palace, (Est. 2: 19, 
 21.) hence a royal citadel or jmlace, 
 a seras^lio, the porte. Est. 4: 2, 6. ,-.-,^. r , , ,. , 
 
 Deriv. -\vr:: a porter, watchman ' ^^?.9 ^- P'"^' ""^"^'^P' ^^c. XII. b. a 
 at a gate. maid-servant, a hand-maid. Gen. 16: 
 
 ITiD or Vrd, plur. Q^-i:>x, dec. 11. ^' ^^[ ^^' ^^"P- ^ ^^- ^^^ ^^ "5-^. 
 7 , ^ 7.7,', ^ JiriD'lib nn^^N behold, thy hand-maid 
 
 b. 'y?ie, mean, detestable, spoken of . ^ -. . . .t -; ? ^^ 
 
 figs. Jer. 29: 17. See the following , ^' ^^"^ ''^'^"'- 
 
 articles. uE'J^? fut. ti^^D*^. 1. to judge, constru- 
 
 sweet milk among the Brebers.) 
 Di l5 m. verbal from t:Q-i;, dec. I. c. 
 
 punishment. 2 Chr. 20 : 9. Comp; 
 the root no. 3. Plur. D'^Ons-i: punish- 
 ments, i. q. CDS-r, Ezek. 23: 10. 
 
 M*1^")5?D something terrible, horrible. 
 
 Jer. 5: 30. 23: U. 
 
 "^"l^l^ip adj. terrible, horrible. Jer. 
 
 18: 13. 
 
 Note. The three preceding arti- 
 cles are connected with "i^ t; to shud- 
 der, written with Sin. 
 
 ^^I?.? (^^^ gates) name of a city in 
 
 the tribe of Judah. Josh. 15: 36. 1 
 Sam. 17: 52. 1 Chr. 4: 31. 
 S'^^iS^tp masc. plur. dec. ]. pleasure, 
 
 delight, also an object of pleasure or 
 delight, delicioe, Prov. 8:30. Ps. 119: 
 24. Jer. 31: 20 D'^rui^/ij n!:;i a child 
 in whom one delights. Root i^^'UJ, Pilp. 
 
 n^'O in Kal not used. Prob. as in Ar- 
 
 amean, to rub off or in pieces ; 
 Pa. to make smooth or bald. 
 
 Niph. pass. Is. 13: 2 nc/da ^n a 
 naked or bald mountain. Sept. OQog 
 
 Hid LVOV. 
 
 Pu. Job 33: 21 Vrp:!^ ^^V.. ^^ 
 hones are naked or stripped of flesh ; 
 or perhaps atterwitur. 
 
 Deriv. "'C^. 
 
 TtSiD or M^i23 found only in the plur. 
 2 Sam. 17: 29 "Ij^^^ niCUJ accord- 
 ing to the Targum, Syr. and the 
 Jewish interpreters, cheese of kine ; 
 (comp. the Talmud. iTTDw:; to filter) 
 According to the Arabic version.coa-- 
 
 ed with an accus. Ex. 18: 22, 26. 
 Deut. 16: 18. Ezek. 16: 38 ^\T^D'jj 
 DTDNb ''tp2'>:^?3 / will judge thee as 
 adulteresses are judged. When joined 
 
 with "jinn yz, or b yz, to 
 
 judge or decide between, to act as um- 
 'pire, Gen. 16 : 5. 31 : 53. Is. 2 : 4. 
 Part. CCiiJ a judge, Deut. 16: 18. 
 
 2. to do justice to any one, spoken 
 of a judge ; or to plead for any one, 
 spoken of an advocate. Comp ']"'" 
 no. 2. and 3-n no. 2. Ps. 10: 18. 26:* 
 1. Is. 1 : 17 DirT" siDD'i; do justice 
 to the fatherless. 11:4. More in full 
 's t32U:73 tSDU: Jer. 5: 28. Lam. 3: 
 59. Construed with "J^, do justice 
 to a person (and deliver him) from 
 any one, 1 Sam. 24 : 16. Comp. 2 
 Sam. 18:19, 31. Ps. 43: 1. 
 
 3. to condemn, punish, xaraxp/Vw. 
 lSam.3: 13. Obad. 21. Ps. 109:31. 
 Comp. CiEU?. 
 
 4. to command, nde; since judging 
 and Tiling are connected in the east, 
 and sitting in judgment is one of the 
 principal employments of an orien- 
 tal monarch, (l Sam. 8: 20. 2 Chr. 1: 
 10.) Part. DBt; a ruler. Am 2: 3. Ps. 
 2:10. and so, whenever it is us- 
 6(3 of the Judges, who between 
 the days of Joshua and David rose 
 up as saviours of their country, to 
 deliver them from foreign bondage, 
 Judg.2:16, 18. Ruth. 1:1. 2 K. 23 : 
 22. Yet it appears concerning some 
 of them that they acted in fact as 
 judges, (Judg- 4 : 5.) Comp. I'^^p^- 
 
^^s^!) 
 
 681 
 
 ^Sri 
 
 The name svffltes among the Car- 
 thaginians is of the same origin. 
 Niph. 1. to he judged. Ps. 37: 33. 
 
 2. to contend with a person. Prov. 
 29: 9. Is. 43 : 26. Construed usual- 
 ly with DwNt {nii and nh^with,) Ezek. 
 17: 20. 20: 35, 36. also with dy, Joel 
 4:2. [3 :2.] with b., Jer. 25: 31, 
 (more in the sense of no. 3.) The 
 thing contended about is preceded 
 byi-y, Jer. 2 : 35. or put in the ac- 
 cus. I Sam. 12: 7. Ezek. 17: 20. 
 
 3. to execute punishment, to punish, 
 particularly when spoken of Jeho- 
 vah. So in several of the passages 
 referred to above ; also Ezek. 38:22 
 / will punish him with pestilence and 
 with blood. Is. 66 : 16. comp. 2Chr. 
 22:8. 
 
 Po. only in the part. ^t:5u573 my 
 judge, Job 9: 15. 
 
 DeriF. out of course to'lSJ'iJ, D5UJ?3. 
 
 D^'d Chald. part. tlC^ a judge. Ezra 
 7: 25. 
 
 tiSil) found only in the plur. D''C2C"wJ 
 m. verbal from 'O^'^, dec. VI. ^W^- 
 ments, punishments. 2 C^DDp tW^ 
 to execute judgments on any one, Ex. 
 12: 12. Num. 33: 4. See t2EU;7: no. 2. 
 
 ^^S'J} m. plur. tj'^'BuJ , dec. VI. 1. a 
 
 hill, particularly one that is open or 
 not covered with wood. Jer. 4 : 11. 
 12: 12 IZ'I?-;? tDl^p hills in the de- 
 sert, h. 41:' \8, (parail. rryps.) 49:9. 
 Jer. 3:2, 21. 7: 29. 14: 6. Num. 23: 
 3 ''S'iJ '^'?.*2 and he went up a hill. (In 
 
 Syr. (.A^A planities.) 
 li*^'d m. Gen. 49: 17. a species of 
 
 serpent; according to Jerome, the 
 
 horned serpent or cerastes, so called 
 
 from its two antennae, which it sticks 
 
 m the sand, and stretches out after 
 o 
 
 its prey. (Arab. ^wX**/ a spotted ser- 
 
 pent like the cerastes, hcemorrhous.) 
 See Bocharti Hieroz. II. p. 416 ff. 
 'H'^E u3 Chald. adj. pleasant, fair. Dan. 
 4:' 9, 18. [4: 12,21.] 
 
 86 
 
 "^^'SvD ni. name of an unknown place. 
 
 Mic. 1:11. 
 '^M, fut. ^su;\ 
 
 1 . to pour, to pour out. Is. 57: 6.- 
 tm IDUJ to shed blood. Gen. 9 : 6. 
 
 T f ~ T ' 
 
 37: 22. Trop. ittJDl ^SlU to pour mit 
 one^s sold, scil. in tears and lamenta- 
 tions, Ps. 42: 5. with r^^ni \:2':; sub- 
 joined, to lament before Jehovah, 1 
 Sam. 1: 15. Ps. 62:9. b^ in?3n 'u5 
 to pour out one^s anger on a person, 
 Ezek. 22: 22. 14: 19. 
 
 2. to throw up, e. g. a wall, 2 K. 
 19:32. See nVriC. 
 
 Niph. to be poured ant. 1 K. 13: 5. 
 Ps. 22: 1 5 / am poured out like water. 
 
 Pu. idem. Ps. 73: 2 "'^I'^iNI ^^5*^ 
 my steps are poured out, i. e. they 
 slip. 
 
 Hithpa. to be poured out. Lam. 4: 
 1. Spoken of the soul, (l.) to pour 
 itself out (in lamentations.) Job 30: 
 16. (2.) to be breathed out, to expire. 
 Lam. 2: 12. 
 
 *T\^1^ m. verbal from ^?*^, dec. VI. a 
 place of pouring out. Lev. 4: 12. 
 
 nlDE'O f- verbal from ^D^D , the privy 
 member, the penis. Deut. 23: 2. 
 
 ^SZi, fut.bsi;;'], infin. ^D^:, (like 55\l5.) 
 
 \.tohe made low, to sink, e.g. spok- 
 en of a mountain. Is. 40:4. to be over- 
 thrown, spoken of a city, Is. 32: 19. 
 
 2. to be suppressed, depressed, spok- 
 en of a voice or sound. Ecc. 12: 4. 
 
 3. metaphorically to be humbled. 
 Is.2:9, 11,12, 17. 5:15. 10:33. In- 
 fin. HT^ bsip to be of a humble 
 spirit, Prov. 16: 19. Comp. bB^^. 
 
 Hiph. 1. to make low, to bring 
 down. (Antith. t=:''")n.) Ps. 18: 28. 
 
 75: 8. 
 
 2. to bring to the ground, to thr&tnf 
 down. Is. 25: 1 2. 
 
 3. In connexion with other verbs, 
 it may be rendered adverbially,- 
 6. g. Jer. 13 : 18 rii*^ ^b-'S/i)!! sit 
 down low. Ps. 113: 6. 
 
 4. intrans. to be brought low, to be 
 cast down. J oh 22: 29. 
 
jfctj 682 
 
 pStD Chald. found only in Aph. 
 
 1. to bring down. Dan. 5: 19. 
 
 2. to oppress^ subdue^ deprimere. 
 Dan. 7: 24. 
 
 3. joined with nib, to humble one's 
 heart. Dan. 5: 22. 
 
 ^SlI3 verbal adj. from bcu:, dec. IV.a. 
 
 T T ' '' 
 
 cust. It lives in the sand and shows 
 great skill in constructing its habita- 
 
 5 o, > 
 
 tion. Root perhaps ^-^ ingenio 
 pollens., astuius. The Rabbins ren- 
 der it, the rabbit. See Bocharti Hie- 
 roz. T. I.p. 1001 ff. Oedmann's verm. 
 Sammlungen, H. 4. p. 48. 
 
 1. low., deep., sunk down ,' spoken ^^"Q m. Deut. 33: 19. and }15?S^ 
 of a tree, Ezek. 17:24. of the le- ^ j^^ ^ ' * ' 
 
 prosy, Lev. 13: 20, 21. 
 
 2. low., mean., contemptible. Job 5: 
 11. 2 Sam. 6: 22. 
 
 3. nm bc^ humble^ lowly in spirit. 
 Prov. 29: 23. Is. 57: 15. Also without 
 n^"l in the same sense, ibid. 
 
 ^SD*li Chald. /ow. Dan. 4:14. [4:17.] 
 
 1. a multitude ; e. g. of horses or 
 camels, Is. 60: 6. Ezek. 26 : 10. of 
 waters. Job 22: 11. 38:34. Particu- 
 larly a multitude of people., 2 K. 9: 17. 
 
 2. abundance., superfluity., spoken 
 e.g.of the rich gifts of the sea. Deut. 
 
 33: 19. (Syr. ^2^ to overflow.) 
 
 b^;^ m. verbal from b?.^;, dec. VI. g. ^t^-Q ^^ j,, f^^^^ ^j^-^^^ (^^^^^ 
 
 lowness., a low place or condition. Ecc. 
 10:6. Ps. 136: 23. 
 n?S'd f verbal from !:S);r, lowness., a 
 low place. Is. 32: 19. 
 
 n^ 'b f- verbal from b&'i2J, dec. X. a 
 
 ^B'^^X.,) pleasant^ acceptable; con- 
 strued with by. Ps. 16 : 6. comp. 
 Dan. 4:24. [4:^27.] 
 
 Pi. to adorn, garnish. Job 26 : 13 
 STnB'i tD*'.^\2; innns by his (creat- 
 ing) spirit he adorns the heavens (with 
 
 low country., with the article nbtUJrt stars, etc.) The gender of rinC'si; 
 
 the low country or the plain., i. e. the agrees with in^^, instead of Q"^n\fi<. 
 
 southwestern portion of Palestine, ^^,^: /. , r^u ,1 1 r -"' 
 
 between the mountains and the Me- "? d , tut. ^r^";, Chald. to be fair, 
 
 diterranean sea. Josh. 11: 16. Jer. pleasant., acceptable ; construed with 
 
 32:44. 33: 13. >?, Dan. 4: 24. [4: 27.] with tZl'ip^., 
 
 rr^^SkS i- verbal from bt>;a:, joined Dan. 3:32. [4: 2.] 6: 2. (In Syr. -idemr) 
 
 with tD'^y,^., a slacking ov letting down HStp m. verbal from 'nCUJ. 
 
 qfi/ie /iawd5, idleness., remissness. Ecc 1. fairness., pleasantness. Gen. 49: 
 
 10: 18. Comp. i-lDn nos. 1.2. 21. 
 
 DS^ proper name of a place in the 2. name of a mountain in Arabia 
 
 eastern part of the tribe of Judah. 
 
 Deserta. Num. 33: 23, 24. 
 
 Num.34: 10,11. Prob. i. q. ni7:c\ZJ, I'^lt^tS m. Jer. 43: 10 Keri (in the 
 
 Keth. ^IID'i:,) a covering.^ stratum., 
 here a covering of the throne. Arab. 
 
 1 Sam. 30: 28. The gentile noun is 
 ^CU; 1 Chr. 27: 27. 
 
 'jSkli m- a quadruped, which is joined 
 
 with the hare and chews the cud, 
 Lev. 11: 5. Deut. 14: 7. inhabits the 
 mountains and rocks, Ps.l04:18. and 
 
 ^/^^ a covering for the floor of a 
 
 tent. Others, from ISU;, an ele- 
 
 gant covering. 
 
 is a gregarious and cunning animal, &^1S")SII) m. Chald. the dawn of the 
 Prov. 30: 26. These notices agree -^ -^ t . : c af^ f \ u 1 
 
 best with the different species of '^^^^^^ ^"- ^= ^^' ^^"^^- j^- 
 the jerboa, (Arab, c 0/-> ? Greek eluxit, emicuit aurora.) 
 
 w vr , . ^ n^-j3 , fut. ns-ij*:, i. q. D^ia 
 
 ^oiQoyQvXliog, mus jaculus, Linn.) 
 which has two long hind feet, and 
 springs with the agility of the lo- 
 
 1. to set, put, place. 2 K. 4: 38. 
 Ezek. 24: 3. Ps. 22: 16 r)^'n -iD^;^ 
 
t i 
 
 pti 
 
 683 
 
 VpB 
 
 "^sn^^^Zin in the dust of death shalt 
 thou put me. 
 
 2. to give. Is. 26: 12. 
 D^^nS'O masc. dual. 
 
 ' iT ' Ps. 68: \4. folds for cattle., i. q. 
 D'jns'iiTD q. V. 
 
 2. Ezek. 40: 43. prob. stalls^ in the 
 courts of the temple, where the sa- 
 crificial victims were fastened. 
 
 moistened.) i. e. is fresh. Comp. Pror. 
 
 3: 8. 15: 30. 17: 22. 
 
 Deriv. ip u;, 'n,'vp, np.t;, njP.t. 
 ^p ti m. verbal from rrj^"^, dec. I. 
 
 drink. Ps. 102: 10. 
 "^"^p 4p, plur. D^'^J^p-::, verbal from nj5T^, 
 
 dec. I. idem. Hos. 2: 7. L2: 5.] Trop. 
 Prov. 3 : 8 moisture to thy bones. 
 
 Comp. the verb in Pual. 
 1:1^9 m. found only Is. 64 : 8 ^4 y^^p m. verbal from "^^p.^, dec. I. ar* 
 
 p)^j?. perhaps an elusion of anger., 
 i. q. ?lP.uJ, which occurs Prov. 27: 
 4, in the same connexion. Or, vio- 
 lence of anger., comp. Arab. (^JubSu 
 to be hard., violent. 
 '7Pi2? ^"t. ^p"*!^"^, 1. ^0 6e sleepless. Ps. 
 
 102: 8. Hence to watch., to be wake- 
 ful, Ezra 8: 29. Ps. 127: 1. 
 
 2. to watch over a thing, invigilare 
 alicui rei. Jer. 1: 12. Is. 29: 20"'npt5 
 l^ij invigilantes iniquitati. Jer. 44: 
 27." Comp. 31: 28. 
 
 3. to lie in wait., spoken of the 
 leopard. Jer. 5: 6. 
 
 Pu. part, (denom. from "Ip.UJ,) hav- 
 ing the form of almond flowers. Ex. 
 25: 33, 34. 
 ^p 'O m. verbal from "ip^, dec. V. a. 
 
 1. an almond-tree. Ecc. 12: 5. 
 
 2. an almond. Gen. 43: 11. Num. 
 17: 23. [17: 8.] 
 
 Note. This tree is probably so 
 called from the earliness of its flow- 
 ers and fruit; (comp. HpO to watch., 
 hence to hasten ;) to which etymol- 
 ogy there is an allusion Jer. 1: 11. 
 See Celsii Hierobot. T. I. p. 297. 
 np'JD to drink. In Kal not used. 
 
 Hiph. to make to drink., to water ; 
 e. g. cattle, Gen. 24: 46. a country, 
 
 abomination., particularly in a reli- 
 gious sense ; spoken of unclean things, 
 (perhaps garments,) Nah. 3: 6. un- 
 clean food, Zech. 9: 7. and most fre- 
 quently of idols, 1 K. 11: 5. 2 K. 
 23: 13. Dan. 9: 27 ^I2p^ y^pu; the 
 abomination., i. e. the idol, of the des" 
 olater. 11: 31. 12: 11. 2 K. 23: 24. 
 t^pID, fut. t2pu;^, to rest., to have repose. 
 
 Is. 62: 1. Jer. 47: 6, 7. Spoken par- 
 ticularly of a country or city, to have 
 rest or peace, to be free from war^ 
 Judg. 3: 11. 5: 31. 8: 28. Jer. 30 : 
 10. 46: 27. hence with the addition 
 riTsnbTa^ Josh. 11: 23. 14: 15. Also 
 
 T T : 
 
 to keep quiet, Judg. 18: 7, 27. Is. 18: 
 4. to be still (from fear,) Ps. 76: 9. 
 Spoken of God, to be inactive^ so as 
 not to grant assistance, i. q. "I}'in, 
 Ps. 83: 2. 
 
 Hiph. 1 . to give rest. Job 34: 29. 
 Construed with ^, Ps. 94: 13. 
 
 2. to still, appease, e. g. strife. 
 Prov. 15: 18. 
 
 3. intrans. to keep still, to be quiet. 
 Is. 7: 4. 57: 20. Hence infin. t:p.\r!rT 
 as a subst. rest. Is. 30: 15. 32: 17. ' 
 
 4. to make still and sultry. Job 37: 
 17. 
 
 L^pZp m. verbal fromttp'^y, rest, peace. 
 i "Chr. 22: 9. 
 
 Gen. 2: 6. Part. np.'J:?^ a cup-bearer^ bpd- fut. bj?"i;*;, to weigh. 2 Sam. 14: 
 
 Gen. 40: 1. !r'i>'ns-nfi-D"'pu;73ri the 
 cup-bearers of Pharaoh, Gen. 41: 9. 
 Construed with two accus. of the 
 person and thing, Gen. 19: 32. Judg. 
 4: 19. Job 22: 7. 
 
 Niph. Amos 8: 8 Keth. See S^P'^D. 
 
 Pu. to be watered, moistened. Job 
 21: 24 the marrow of hi^ bones is 
 
 26. 2 Sam. 18: 12 although I should 
 weigh in my hand, i. e. have weigh- 
 ed or paid to me. Trop. Job 6: 2. 
 31: 6. Particularly to weigh out, to 
 pay, construed with b, Gen. 23 : 16. 
 with ^X by, Est.3:9. with r?, 4:7. 
 
 Nipii! to be weighed or paid out. 
 Ezra 8: 33. Job 6: 2. 
 
:pp 
 
 684 
 
 YPd 
 
 7ptp m. verbal from b)l"J3, dec. VI. h. tl 11*^*1 3? pj23 plur. fern, found only 
 * 1. a weight of the Hebrews, sup- 
 posed equal to 240 grains of Troy 
 weight. 1 Sam. 17:5. 2 Sam. 14 
 
 26. Particularly for weighing un- 
 coined gold or silver, Gen. 23: 15, 
 16. In this sense, the word Vp/^ is 
 frequently omitted; see illT, IRDS. 
 The shekel of the sanctuary (Ex. 30: 
 
 Lev. 14: 37. cavities^ hollow places. 
 Seipt y.olXadfg. Vn\g.vallicul(e. This 
 quadriliteral is either compounded 
 of5?j^*vD^osmA:, and V3 io be deep^ 
 
 (whence n"]2^p a dish^) or is formed 
 from the latter root by prefixing 
 Shin, like nnb, Snbu3. 
 
 15.) appears to have been different ^.p-^ [^ Kal not used; prob. to over- 
 from the kin^''s shekel. (2 Sam. 14: "-- , , . , 1 
 
 - * - - - /ay, particularly timber; hence^ <o 
 
 shekel^ (2 Sam. 14 
 26.) but the difference between the 
 two is not known. 
 
 2. price^ i. q. ?]*5.!?- Amos 8: 5. 
 Qi^Dpui m. 1 K. 10 : 27. Is. 9 : 9- 
 Amos 7: 14. and ni^p_\^ f found on- 
 ly in the plur. (the sing, ni^puj oc- 
 curs in the Mishnah.) Ps. 78 : 47. a 
 sycamore-tree., in Greek avAOf-iogog, 
 (TD'/M^itt^og, Jicus sycomorus vera^ 
 Forsk. the leaves of which resem- 
 ble mulberry-leaves, and the fruit 
 ligs. The fruit grows out of the 
 trunk and larger branches. To ri- 
 pen the fruit it is necessary, when 
 the season approaches, to ascend 
 the tree, and scrape or rub each 
 
 (Comp. 
 
 roof or cover a house. (Arab. (^JLu 
 contignare.) Deriv. J^p.'^.j, 2''^R.!^;a 
 
 Niph. and Hiph. to bend forward, 
 in order to see ; hence to look for a 
 thing, and spoken of things, to pro- 
 ject., stick out., imminere ; e.g. v]''p"i;in 
 DVJiZii^J to look down from heaven^ 
 Ps. 14: 2. 53: 3. 85: 12. "ji^nri n?2 
 through a window., Gen. 26: 8. Judg. 
 5: 28. 2 Sam. 6: 16, Spoken of a 
 mountain, to overlook a country, Num. 
 21: 20. 23 : 28. Jer. 6 : 1 H^"! "3 
 JID^^J Jisp;ii2/br evil threatens from 
 the north. (Arab. O^Xa to be long 
 and hanging down.) 
 
 berry about the middle. 
 
 Dbz.) It furnishes after all only a 
 
 poor nourishment, see Am. 7: 14. up^ m. 1 K. 7 : 5 all the doors and 
 
 Comp. Warnekros Hist. Natur. Sy- *' ^.,; ^-.,^^ 1 
 
 . . .1 r, I c- \, posts 51pi/ D^"!Din were square, covered, 
 
 comori, m the Kepertor. lur mor- ^ " : ^ ' ' 
 
 ^enland. Literatur, Th. xi. no. 7. V^^h. in opposition to arched. Root 
 
 t2'^Sp D niasc. plur. verbal from Slp'-^, 
 timber overlaid. 1 K. 7 : 4. Hence 
 
 1 K. 6 : 4 n'73^^5 D'^s}p;jj ':i!Dn 
 
 windows of closed timber, i. q. D"'3Vpn 
 ni72uD^!. ; see under the article DCi*. 
 Yp^c3 to be abominable, loatlisome. In 
 Kal not used. 
 
 Th. xiT. no. 3. Celsii Hierob. T. I. 
 p. 310. 
 
 ^ptiJ 1- to sink, to sink down, spoken 
 of a country, Jer. 51: 64. to he over- 
 flown, Amos 9: 5 tZl^"?^^. "li^"':: "^'p"^ 
 as by the stream of Egypt it is over- 
 flown. 
 
 2. to burn down, spoken of a fire. 
 Num. 11: 2. 
 
 Niph. Amos 8: 8 Keri, as in Kal 
 Am. 9: 5. In the Kethib np'^TD, the 
 5? is omitted by a syncope, as" in b?. 
 for b:p2. 
 
 Hiph. 1. to let sink, e. g. waters. 
 Ezek. 32: 14. 
 
 2. to let down 
 Job 40 : 25, 
 
 Pi. ypw^ 1. to loathe, abominate. 
 Ps. 22: 25. Particularly what is cer- 
 emonially unclean, Lev. 11 : 11. 
 Deut. 7: 26. 
 
 2. to make unclean, to pollute. Lev. 
 
 11: 43. 20: 25. 
 
 J , . ; , Deriv. Vp'-^^ YW^- 
 
 lown, to sink, demergere. ii.-.t i . 
 
 [41 1] y'^puin ^nna yp^ ^- verbal from "fpUJ, an abom- 
 
 TStib canst thou let down a cord and 
 draw up his tongue therewith ? 
 
 {nation, particularly what is ceremo- 
 nially unclean. Lev. 11: 10 Dfj[ Vp.'*^ 
 
np^ 
 
 6^5 
 
 nntD 
 
 fi 5.b let them be an abomination unto 
 you. Verses 12, 13, 20, 23, 41, 42. 
 Is. QQ: 17. 
 
 yi^^P see Y'ipp. 
 
 I. ppd, fut. p^^, (kindred with pv:J,) 
 
 to run about^ to run to and fro. Is. 33: 
 4. Joel 2: 9, (where it is spoken of 
 locusts.). 
 
 Hithpalp. p^pn^itl Nah. 2 : 5. 
 idem. 
 
 Deriv. p"^70. 
 !! pP'123 to be desirous^ eager ; spoken 
 
 e. g. of a thirsty person, Is. 29: 8. 
 Ps. 107: 9. of a greedy bear, Pro v. 
 28: 15. (Arab. O'V^ conj. I. and 
 VIll. to desire ; whence in Hebrew 
 the verbal noun ilp^UJn desire.) 
 
 IptD? fut. Ip'vZl'^, to lie^to deceive^ con- 
 strued with a dative of the person. 
 Gen. 21: 23. 
 
 Pi. idem. 1 Sam. 15 : 29. Constru- 
 ed (1.) with z of the person, to de- 
 ceive, Lev. 19: 11. (2.) with 3 of the 
 thing, as r;3n7:^l5, ^^")^2 ''i: to vio- 
 late a covenant, faithfulness, Ps. 44: 
 18. 89: 34. also without addition. Is. 
 63: 8. 
 
 n p^ m. verbal from "np'-^, dec. VI. 
 
 h'!" 
 
 1. a lie, falsehood, deception. 
 *np;ij "^nll/a/se words, Ex. 5: 9. 13> 
 ^p^ a false witness, Deut. 19: 18. 
 ^ip'v^b i'S^r J to swear falsely. Lev. 
 5: 24. [6: 5.] 19: 12. np/^i i<nsri to 
 prophesy falsely, Jer. 5 : 31. 20 : 6. 
 29: 9. Ps. 33: 17 ny^m\ Q^Qn np/^ 
 a horse is a vain thing for safety. 
 -ip/^^ 1 Sam. 25: 21. Jer. 3 : 23. 
 and "^p;>2J Ps. 38: 20. 69: 5. 119: 78, 
 86. as an adv. in vain, to no purpose, 
 without cause. Plur. D'^npU) lies, Ps. 
 101: 7. 
 
 2. i. q. "np/J;?. 'C"'N a liar, Prov. 17: 
 4. as rrbn 2 Sam. 12: 4, for Ui-^i^ 
 
 npd f. Gren. 24: 20. plur. const. ninp.]IJ 
 (as if from np;j:) Gen. 30: 38. wa- 
 
 tering-troughs, foi cattle to drink out 
 of Root np'iJ to drink. 
 
 HiD or n "1^23 found only in the plur. 
 
 nin'^y Jer. 5: 10. walls, i. q. nhn^i'iJ. 
 
 So the Sept. Vulg. Chald. and the 
 
 context requires it. 
 "it) m. with sutr. rjn^% dec. VIII. e. 
 
 i. q. '^y^D. 
 
 1. prob. a nerve, sinew, muscle. 
 (Comp. ^-}\lJ and the Chald. "i"-^\i; 
 firm.) Collect. Prov. 3 : 8 nnfi^sn 
 T^n^lib ""Jin healing shall it be to thy 
 sinews or muscles, as the seat of 
 strength. Parall. to thy bones. 
 
 2. the navel, strictly the navel-string. 
 
 (Arab, r*^ idem.) Ezek. 16 : 4. 
 Comp. "n^TO: Job 40: 16. 
 i<"l p and Nn^ld Chald. 
 
 '*1. to loosen, solve, explain. Dan. 5: 
 16. Part. ]^-}*i; loose, 3: 25. Used 
 particularly of the loosing or unty- 
 ing of a beast of burden, in order to 
 rest; hence 
 
 2. to turn in, to lodge, dwell. Dan. 
 2: 22. So the Greek xaraXvo), to un- 
 loose, whence 'AaiaXv^ia, a lodging. 
 
 Pa. 1. to loosen, solve, explain. Dan. 
 5: 12. 
 
 2. to begin. Ezra 5:2. (Comp. bnrt 
 to begin, from bbfl to loosen.) 
 
 Ithpa. pass, of no. 1. Dan. 5: 6 
 
 /tw loins were loosed, i.e. he could not 
 keep himself upright. 
 
 ")jSfi^"l u3 proper name of a son of Sen- 
 nacherib, king of Assyria, who mur- 
 dered his father. Is. 37 : 38. 2 K. 
 19: 37. 
 
 n")'J3 m. 1. the heat (of the sun.) Is. 
 49: 10. (Chald. mui idem. Arab. 
 
 O ' /"**' ^^ undulous motion of the sand 
 in the deserts of Arabia, occasioned by 
 the rays of the sun. See the Koran, 
 sur. 24: 39.) 
 
 2. the parched ground or glimmer- 
 ing waste. Is. 35: 7. 
 
^im 686 
 
 ynri 
 
 Ii'^2*^t23 m. i. q. an^; a sceptre^ with among the Sidonians. Deut. 3 : 9. 
 
 *n inserted after the Chaldaic man- _,l^^J]-V?* 
 
 ner, (see the letter n, p. 587.) found ^Tl 9 ^^- P^"^- ^^^^^^1 from 1^^:^^, 
 
 only in the later Hebrew. Est. 4: dec. X. 
 
 11. 5: 2. 8: 4. 1. hissings derision. Jer. 18: 16 
 
 M*lub i. q. Aram. N"^*iJ to loosen. Keri. In the Kethib nip^n\IJ. 
 
 ' Pi. !l-|-2: ic^em. Jer. 15: U Keri ^' " ^/^^7 i^^i^mo-. Judg. 5: 
 
 SitDb ^n^n-r / m/^ Zoo56^ <;iee for ^^ 'l -^ ""'^^'"^'^ ^^' P'^'^'S by 
 good, i. e. I'^ill deliver you. The 1'^' ^'"^^ ^'"^^^ ^^ *^^ herdsmen.) 
 word niDb is added here probably ^^^^' '"''^'^f''^- 
 because nnu:. was also used in a bad ^'T^ hard^Jirm, solid, (Chald. ^^^UJ 
 sense, for to let loose, to forsake. In idem ;) found only in the plur. '^H'^nUJ 
 the Kethib ^r\^^^, q. v. -jpn Job 40: 16. the Jirm parts, or 
 
 Deriv. JTl*^^, rinnu;. perhaps particularly the muscles of 
 
 JllID f plur. ni-)'r, Is. 3: 19. chains, the belly ; (comp. "it)' and inti a 
 
 6mceZ6/.. (Chald. ^-^x. Comp. n'^nUJ, T'"!'' ^^^-*^^^^^-) ^ence the ab- 
 ^ . ^ , " X ^ \ struct noun 
 
 ^T^^'^- l^oot Arab. Aj^ to string _,.^^^.,: ^ , ^ ^, 
 
 ' J * n" 1^ lU f. denom. from the prece- 
 
 together, hence to build.) 
 
 ^ntp 5W, proper na^e of a level ^'Tl^^IS^l^t:^ 
 
 district in Palestine, extending from joined with nb; and ^nn lb.. Deut. 
 
 Joppa to Caesarea, abounding in 29; is. Ps. 81: 13. Jer.\ 17. 7: 24. 
 
 iruitful nelds and rich pastures. Josh. / x x y 
 
 12: 18. Cant. 2: 1. Is. 33: 9. 35: 2. 9: 13. 11: 8. (Aram. Uo^..^ j?m- 
 
 65: 10. 1 Chr. 27: 29. See Relandi ness in a good sense, truth.) 
 Palaestina, p. 188, 370. Some have ^^^;^ see n''1fi<5'vD. 
 
 adopted another Sharon beyond Jor- . ' ** . - ": ' 
 dan, from 1 Chr. 5: 16. but this is ni^"lL3 fem. plur. Jer. 31: 40 Keth. 
 not necessary See Reland ubi su- prob.'only a false reading for nV2^^D 
 
 pra. The gentile noun is '-t*)-^; 1 ^ ,, . , . , 
 
 Chr. 27: 29. ' " Jields, as is read m the Keri, in 6 
 
 -u-.^^,* y* TO -p T^ ,, MSS. and several editions. Comp. 
 
 nynO Jer. 18: 16 Keth. see as a parallel passage 2 K. 23: 4. 
 
 riip*'"]^. YTJ3, fut. Y''^^\ 1. to multiply or 
 
 n^-)^ f. a beginning, found only Jer. Propagate itself abundantly, spoken 
 
 ^^ , ot men and animals. (Ethiop. propuU 
 
 15: 11 Keth. Root Chald. N^U: tobe- Mavit.) Gen. 8: 17. 9: 7. Ex. 1: 7. 
 
 ^in, whence ^^,X a beginning. 2, to creep, crawl, swarm, spoken 
 
 Jl-^ni!) f- Job 41: 18. [41: 26.] 'j'^l'^li of worms and smaller fishes. Gen. 7: 
 
 ; K. 22 : 34. Is. 59 : 17. most' fre- '* ^>^^ ^jJ^'^P^V^ T 
 .1 .r^^ ' , _ ry worm which creepeth Upon the earth. 
 
 quently p^.^ m. dec. I. L^,., H: 29, 41, 42,43. 
 
 \. a coat of mail, habergeon. 1 Sam. 3. to swarm or abound with any 
 
 17: 5, 38. Plur. D""- Neh. 4: 10. and thing, spoken of a place, construed 
 
 ^i n r^u OP 1 I c l" ^ '^ J with an accus. (Comp. ^"rn no. 5. 
 
 m 2 Chr. 26: 14. Syr-j-J-jj..* idem. ^ ^ )- t 
 
 ^ ^ and similar verbs.) Gen. 1:20 ni^nip*) 
 
 (Root perhaps Arab. lSj^ micuit, Vl? CV^rr let the waters swarm with 
 
 . ,' . . creeping things. Verse 21. Ex. 7:28. 
 
 coruscavit imgur.) Also written ]T^"lD pg^ 1Q5. 39^ 
 
 '^'I'-lh^-^^p the name of ti>ount ->^:i?) V^.? ^"^''' f"" y^-'^' '^"=- ^'' 
 
tsnt) 
 
 687 
 
 n-JD-iT) 
 
 1. a worm^ reptile. Gen. 7:21. Lev. 
 6:2. 11:29. ;)i3.'n V"\;v2: a winged 
 reptile^ with a special reference to 
 the bat, Lev. 11 : 20, 21, 23. Deut. 
 14: 19. 
 
 2. smaller fishes. Gen. 1:20. yT^t^ 
 CJ^^r: Lev. 11: 10. 
 
 1. to hiss. Construed with b, to hiss 
 to any one, to lure by hissing ; e. g. 
 flies, Is. 7: 18. nations, Is. 5 : 26. 
 Zech. 10: 8. 
 
 2. to hiss (from scorn.) 1 K. 9: 8. 
 Lam. 2 : 15, 16. Construed with 
 ^y at a person or thing, Jer. 
 19: 8. 49 : 17. Job 27: 23 p'l':^-:1 
 h72''^p7272 Vb^ they shall hiss him away 
 
 from his place. 
 
 3. to pipe^ (JVQi^tiv ; found 
 only in the deriv. DTp'^l'ip, 
 
 npl'JD f- verbal from p'^'^ij, a hissing, 
 
 derision, scorn. rTJ?'l\pb tT^S^ to be 
 
 for a derision, Jer. 19:8. 25: 9. 29: 
 
 18. 
 
 Tl 23 io be evil minded, hostile. (Arab. 
 
 r**' idem.) Found only in the part. 
 
 n^;r an enemy, Ps. 27:11. 54:7. 
 56: 33. 59 : 11. Synonymous with 
 ^n'd no. I. 
 
 yy^ dec. VI. p. i. q. ^t; the navel. 
 
 Cant. 7: 3. 
 i23"l'C3 m. plur. to'^TZJ'i**!; (read shora- 
 
 shim, like D'^'iJ^p^ kodashim,) dec. 
 
 VI. m. 
 
 1. a root. Is. 5: 24. Job 30: 4. 
 
 2. what springs up from the root, 
 a shoot, branch. Is. 53: 2. 11:10 UJ'nUJ 
 '^'^l the shoot of Jesse, i. e. the ex- 
 pected king of the race of David, 
 the Messiah ; comp. (ji^u Au(3ld, 
 Rev. 5: 5. Used collectively, Is. 14: 
 30. Prov.l2:3, 12. 
 
 3. the lowest part of a thing ; e. g. 
 the foot (of a mountain,) Job 28: 9. 
 the bottom (of the sea,) Job 36: 30. 
 the sole (of the foot,) Job 13: 27. So 
 planta pedis. 
 
 4. a plantation, seiilement, colony^ 
 (of a people.) Judg. 5: 14. Comp. 
 the figure oi planting a people, un- 
 der the articles :?D3 and \:;n:. 
 
 5. 1^1 "'I?'7.tJ the ground of cou'^ 
 tention or complaint, radix causae. 
 Job 19: 28.. 
 
 1D')1D Pi. denom. from UJ*l>% (with a 
 
 privative signification,) to root up 
 or out. Ps. 52: 7. Job 31: 12. 
 
 Pu. 'O^^to be rooted out. Job 31:8. 
 
 Poel, un'lj to take root. Is. 40: 24. 
 
 Poal, idem. Jer. 12: 2. 
 
 Hiph. i. q. Po. to take root ; join- 
 ed with D'^-^l^b, Ps. 80 : 10. without 
 this addition. Job 5: 3. Is. 27: 6. In 
 the two last passages, it is taken fig- 
 uratively for to prosper. 
 "d'l'd Chald. a root. Dan: 4: 12. [4: 
 
 15.] 
 niS'lIp, plur. const. niUy'^'IJ chains. 
 
 Ex.' 28: 22. Comp. n-^;L:*^d. 
 Vd"llp (shfroshu,) in the Keri "^'iJ^^, 
 
 Chald. fem. a rooting out, and meta- 
 phorically a banishment. Ezra 7: 26. 
 comp. 10: 8. Comp. vlJ'^u; no. 4. 
 fTliDlp f. a chain. Ex 28: 14. 39:15. 
 
 The form is a reduplication of n'TtD 
 ^ ^ c ^ 
 
 a chain. (Arab. S^Xm^Xa*.^ Chald. 
 
 nr^b'iJ, n!:u:buj. By contraction 
 rr^^'i) q. V.) 
 nitD found only in Pi. nyii to serve^ 
 
 ~ T 
 
 wait upon ; construed for the most 
 part with an accus. Gen. 39: 4. 40: 
 4. Num. 3:6. 1 K. 1 : 15. with *^, 
 Num. 4: 9. nirT^-n^. nnUJ to serve 
 or minister unto Jehovah, spoken (Si 
 the priests, in reference to the cere- 
 monial worship. Num. 18: 2. 1 Sam. 
 2: U. 3: 1. also without this addition, 
 Num. 3:31. 4: 12. "in^ UX^ DnO 
 Deut. 18 : 5, 7. to minister on the 
 name of Jehovah, after the analogy 
 of r^7\'', iznpa "rfn? , J<nj?, the idea 
 of divine worship suggesting imme- 
 diately that of invocation and prayer. 
 
 ntoiii see nDtd. 
 
nt3t2 
 
 688 
 
 n'j3 
 
 1. tjd m. 1. white marble. Est. 1: 6. 
 
 Cant. 5: 15. elsewhere ^1'^. 
 
 2. byssus^Jine white Egyptian cot- 
 ion^ also c/o^/i mai/e of it. Gen. 41: 
 42. Ex. 26: 1. 27:9, 18. 28 : 39. 
 Prov. 31 : 22. The later name is 
 y^2 q. V. Under each of them linen 
 is sometimes included, the oriental- 
 ists usually expressing cotton and lin- 
 en by the same word ; (comp. -^n/iJD 
 
 cotton.) comp. Ezek.44: 17, with Lev. 
 16: 4.) The word appears to be of 
 Hebrew, or at least of Shemitish or- 
 igin, from a root UiriJ to be white., 
 
 whence X'^., .UJ")-!?, Syr. i^^.* white 
 marble; "jUJriJ a lily; (of course 
 like y5!2 from the Arab. (jscU to 
 be white ;) it is called, however, in 
 Egypt, shensh.) and perhaps the He- 
 brews adopted the Egyptian name, 
 though with some reference to its sig- 
 nificancy in Heb. Comp. niTDnz, Dn, 
 r^72. Celsii Hierobot. T. 11. p". 259. 
 Hartmann's Hebraerin, Th. 3. p. 34 
 36. Faber zu Harmer's Beobach- 
 tungen iib. den Orient, Th. 2. p. 380 
 ff. (Faber, however, makes a dis- 
 tinction between ]D'<2i and yna.) 
 
 II. 11)125 f. and n12Di23 , const, nt'l). m. 
 six^ a contraction of t'l/ip, (like nn!:, 
 
 by contraction nb, to bring forth.) 
 5 c ^ " 
 
 Arab. (j^lV*.. pjur. a^-^^ij com. 
 gen. sixty. Deriv. Jiu^'ii, "^'ij'i;. 
 t^'Ol^i found only in Pi. iW'^ to lead 
 
 T T T 
 
 astray., to seduce. Ezek. 39: 2. In E- 
 thiop. TCMJ conj. V. obire^ hence 
 trans, deducere., seducere. Sept. xro- 
 df^yiqGo) (jf, aliter xftT^w a^^. Chald. 
 errare tefaciam. Vulg. seducam. 
 1-^5 >^?? a proper name, prob. the 
 Persian name which Zerubbabel 
 bore in the Persian court. Ezra 1:8. 
 5:14. 
 
 Mkiri Pi. (denom. from IIJU? six,) to di- 
 vide into six parts, to pay a sixth part. 
 Ezek. 45: 13. 
 
 ^Pp Ezek. 16: 13 Keth. for ^t. The 
 
 form appears to be chosen for the 
 sake of a paronomasia with ""iiTq, and 
 is not grammatically correct, at least 
 it is against the true origin of 'di'^D 
 from 'iJiuJ. The same, however, is 
 true of the denom. n'^-<p. 
 ^1^1^ , fem. n% , (ordinal adj. from 
 
 "tT'vp six,) sixth. The fem. also de- 
 notes the sixth part, Ezek. 4: 11. 45: 
 13. 
 '^ip-d Jer. 25:26. 51 : 41. Sheshach, 
 
 another name for Babylon. This is 
 evident from the connexion, but the 
 derivation of the word is obscure. 
 The Hebrew interpreters and Je- 
 rome suppose it formed from bl22, 
 after a Cabbalistic mode of writing, 
 called Atbash, which consists in sub- 
 stituting n for M, "Cifor n, etc. But 
 supposing this mode of writing to be 
 sutficiently ancient, no reason ap- 
 pears why this secret name should 
 be used in connexion with the real 
 name, as in Jer. 51:41. Others make 
 it i. q. *]"2;DM;, ;^aAxoVi;Ao?, from 
 
 '^**' to fasten a gate with iron. 
 Others, the arrogant, from NUJTiJ in 
 Syr. rest, hence perhaps arrogance, 
 (comp. ]2NUJ,) and *] formative as in 
 
 Chald. Others make it the name of 
 Babylonian goddess. 
 
 lIplD, in pause ^'2JvD, a red colour, 
 
 perhaps red earth, ruddel, Jer.22: 14. 
 Ezek. 23: 14. Sept. ^ilzog, used in 
 Homer to denote nibrica, ruddle, the 
 most celebrated kind of which was 
 brought from Sinope, hence Vulg. 
 sinopis, (comp. Plin. xxxv. 5 seu 1 3.) 
 which includes likewise the terra 
 lemnia. Chald. and Syr. idem. The 
 Hebrew interpreters understand by it 
 
 vermilion. (Arab. T /'*'' f^d, of a 
 brick colour. Perhaps the word should 
 be pointed ^^^.) 
 nid, found only in the plur. nit)'^ m. 
 verbal from D'^p, foundations, pillars. 
 Ps. 11: 3 the foundations are thrown 
 
nnis 
 
 689 
 
 Dn:i3 
 
 down. Aqu. rd d^e/iieha. Is. 19 : 10 
 
 C3"'fi2n^ ^J"^^!i^*y ^"^ni according to 
 the present vowel-pointing, and all 
 her pillars, i. e. all the nobles of E- 
 gypt, shall be ajfflicted. But this fur- 
 nishes no parallelism to, all that earn 
 wages are sad. This is obtained by 
 pointing the word Jl"^nnyj, as if from 
 nnu: i. q. nnaj to weave ; thus her 
 weavers are ajfflicted. Or, if the other 
 clause be pointed "ID'JJ ""iij'y (after 
 the Sept. Syr.) they that prepare in- 
 toxicating drink, and nn*dj be taken 
 in the signification of nnib to drink. 
 Comp. then Joel 1: 5. The punctua- 
 tors were evidently guided by the 
 parallel passage Ps. 11:3. and their 
 authority on that account is of less 
 weight. 
 
 I. niD m. plur. nin"23. 
 
 1 . the posteriors.^ buttocks. Is. 20: 4. 
 
 2 Sam. 10: 4. (Arab, v^**'', Syr. 
 
 ^jAjsI nates.) Root n*^UJ to set, hence 
 
 the seat,comp.Genn.Gesass ; the form, 
 however, is borrowed from Tinx. 
 
 2. Seth, the proper name of the 
 third son of Adam. Gen. 4 : 25, 26. 
 5: 3, 6. In the first passage the name 
 is derived from n''u;, to set, to give. 
 
 !! n*J3 f- a contraction of riMwJ (Lam. 
 
 3: 47.) hence noise, tumult of war. 
 Num. 24: 17. Root JiNUJ. In the 
 
 T T 
 
 parallel passage Jer. 48: 45, we find 
 in its stead pNTiJ. 
 T\'Q and np Chald. six, i. q. '^D-^J. 
 
 Dan. 3:1. Ezra 6: 15. Plur. 'J'^nUJ 
 sixty, Dan. 3: 1. 
 
 iin^, fut. nin."^^:, apoc. r\t\ 
 
 1. fo dnViL (In Syr. Chald. and 
 Ethiop. idem.) Construed with 
 5, to drink from a vessel, (comp. the 
 V'rench phrase, boire dans une ta^se,) 
 Am. 6: 6. Figuratively Job 15 : 16 
 n^i:? D?7aD nnui /le that drinketh ini- 
 quity like 'a?a<er,i.e.practiseth it eager- 
 ly. Also passively, Prov.26:6 the lame 
 man must drink, i.e. suffer, injury. -J oh 
 21: 20 he shall drink of the wrath of 
 the Almighty ; comp. Di3. 
 
 87 
 
 2. to sit at table, to banquet. Est; 
 7: 1. See nr!"iJ. 
 
 Niph. pass. Once Lev. 11: 34. 
 
 Note. The Hiphil of this verb is 
 not in use, but is supplied by the sy- 
 nonymous verb npTptl, which on the 
 other hand wants the conjugations 
 Kal and Niphal. 
 
 Deriv. 'nniiiJ2, '^nt, n^nuj. 
 
 nriilD and i^rrjD Chald. idem. Dan. 
 
 5: 1, 2, 23. Pret. with N prosthetic 
 *)^nj:J5 they drank, Dan. 5: 3, 4. (So 
 in Syr.) Construed with 3, to drink 
 out of a vessel, like the French boire 
 dans une tasse, Dan. 5 : 3. Deriv. 
 
 nin:riseend. 
 
 ^r\l2^ m. verbal from "nrr-D. 
 
 1. a drinking, banqueting. Ecc. 
 10: 17. 
 
 2. the warp (in a web.) Lev. 13: 
 
 48 if. (Syr. -A.| to weave, Arab. 
 
 (^yJ^^l to fix the web, to stretch the 
 warp.) Comp. ^"13? the woof Others 
 understand by TiU) and S'^y different 
 kinds of cloth, which is better suited 
 to verses 52, 57. 
 
 il*D^ f. verbal from !nn'^, a drink' 
 ing. Est. 1:8. 
 
 D'^jH k23 f. two, see D''3tD. 
 
 brCO, fut. V^Ti:*;, <o;7kn<, more rarely 
 
 and in poetry. Ps. 1: 3. 92:14. Ezek. 
 17:8. 19: 10,13. Hos. 9: 13. Hence 
 
 ^rrjD m. verbal from Vn^S dec. L a 
 twig, branch, plant. Ps. 128: 3. 
 
 nri lD prob. to open. In Chald. to bore 
 through. (Comp. ^bn to bore through, 
 in Hiph. to open, begin ; nyz to bore 
 for to open Ps.40:7, used in the same 
 connexion as Dnr .)Found only Num. 
 24: 3, 15 yjPn DnilJ having his eyes 
 opened, i. q. a*):*^?. ''^ba verse 4. For 
 the force of this phrase, which 
 
m 690 i,N[n 
 
 tlenotes a divine revelation, see piscus : canem in hoc oppido non re- 
 particularly Gen. 3: 5. Ps. 40: 7. linquam. But the mention of kins- 
 
 [ntD found only in the part. Hiph. [""J^", /;^;^ ^^^^^ afterwards, as in 
 
 ' -- . / n^ 1 J 1 K.16:l Lis against this explanation; 
 
 jTi'^pw a pisser. (In Talmud, we neither is it suited to 1 K. 14: 10. :l: 
 
 find likewise the fut.and infin.) Used 21. 2 K. 9: 8, where l^lT^T n^:zy fol- 
 
 (Tnly in the phrase *\^j"52 ]"n^^^ a lows. 
 
 pisser against ihewall^ i. e. a man, a pD"^^ fut. priU)'^, to be stilly to rest* 
 low expression used by way of con- ^p^j^^^ ^ '^^^^^ ^ j^^ ^ ^ 
 
 tempt. IK. 16: 1 he sew all the u^j^. Ps. 107: 30. of contention, 
 house oj baasha^ he lejt him not one Pfov. 26- 20 
 that pisseth against the wall ^ neither of ^- '' /, . 
 
 his kinsfolks nor of his friends. 1 Sam. ^?p- ^^^p ^m Pers. a ./izMrn^ star,) 
 25:22,34. 1 K. 14:10. 21: 21. 2 K. proper name of a Persian governour. 
 9: 8. (The same expression is found Ezra 5: 3. 6: 6. 
 also in Syriac, see Assemani Bibli- j^j^^ i j^,.^ ^^ ^^^ ^ jj 
 
 oth. Orient. T. II. p. 260.) Others -^ ^ \ , , . 
 
 understand a dog, (but the expres- the pret. ^n'i) Ps. 49: 15 hs'Cr ]Ni:3 
 sion would apply only to the male ;) ^nUJ like sheep one removes them t^ 
 comp. the curse of Aurelian in Vo- hades. (Comp. Ps. 88: 7.) 73: 9. 
 
 n 
 
 Tav, the last letter of the alpha- J. ^^Jr) to desire, long for^ construed 
 
 bet, and as a numerical sign denoting ,- ,nin. t nu ^A 
 
 400. For the significancy of the with !:. Ps. 1 19: 40, 174. In Chald. 
 
 name and the original form of the more frequent. Deriv. nni<n. 
 
 letter, see the article 1n. Its sound H. ^ij^jn found only in the part. Pi. 
 was like that of the Greek ^, or of ^^,_,/. ^..^..^^ Lh - k a o 
 
 the Engl, th in thin ; but perhaps not ^^-1''. '' ^- =^^-^^ abhorring, Am. 6:8. 
 
 equally strong in all \vords. The A- This commutation of ^ and N is fre- 
 
 rabians distinguish in writing be- quent in Aramean, see p. 1. 
 
 tween the simple t{^ {i\) ^^^ the n3vS?n f verbal from !nNn no. I. ade- 
 
 th \i^ {The,) which last is sometimes ^^Ve^ longing. Ps. 1 19: 20. 
 
 pronounced nearly as u3. See '<:J no. J^J^D found only in Pi. fut. ^tiT^T) Num. 
 
 (3.) On the whole this letter is sel- ' " ft S t ^ o aee Svr 
 
 ,1 J J. .. ' A determinabitis. The root ni^n has 
 
 generally corresponds to r^ m Ara- ^ ^ ^ - 
 
 , . ^ ... X u xu . here probably the signification of 
 
 ""' For ;ts interchange with D ^,:, to mark out, to describe ; comp. 
 
 see p. 244. It is very rarely that it ' ^ ' tt i / 
 
 corresponds to the Arab. Cj, as iqpn ni> ":= and "3= - " ' */"' 
 
 Arab. ouiS to be Urong. ' ^^-5' "33 '''^'"'"^' ^'""'"' ?'"" 
 
 const. niN3. That the form orT'lNOn 
 
 KP m. dec. I. cftmkr. 1 K. 14: 28. ..erse I O,oght tobe differently point- 
 
 Ezek. 40^7 ff. (In Chald. Nin, ^in, gj ^^j jo be placed under this root, 
 
 Syr. Ijoi, ijoo2.) Plur. D'Nn has been already observed under 
 
 once nii.n Ezek. 40: 12. Root rtVn . "> "<=' 'l^- "o- " P- '6- 
 
 = ^_ji <; dmH. ' ' l>r] ": 6. and NW Is. 51: 20. 
 
2wS*n 691 nnn 
 
 a species of gazelle or wild-goat. vine and under one''s fig-tree^ is de- 
 Sept. Vulg. in Deut. Aqu. Symm. scriptive of a state of peace and pros- 
 Theod. Vulg. in Is. oQvt. The Tar- perity, 1 K. 5: 5. [4: 25.] Zech. 3 : 
 ffums : bos sylvestris^ a kindred idea, 10. Mic. 4: 4. In Gen. 3: 7, we are 
 (comp. DNn.) See Bocharti Hieroz.' not to think of the common fig-tree, 
 T. I. p 973 ^"^ ^ ^^^^ pisang^ paradise or Ad~ 
 
 r.iNn f. verbal from niN no. I. dec. '' A-<^ '^e leaves of which are 
 
 ; -: - ^ ^ large and strong like parchment, and 
 
 X. serve for packing goods, for table 
 
 1. a wish^ desire^ Ps. 10: 17. Prov. cloths, mats, etc. See Celsii Hierob. 
 11 : 23. the thing desired^ Ps. 21 : 3. T. II. p. 389. 
 
 Prov. 10: 24. 2. a fig. 2 K. 20: 7. 
 
 2. in a bad sense, /M5^,/w5hn^, concM- j-35^.jn f. (for rriNn,) an occasion- 
 piscence^ also the thing lusted after. -^ ": ^ . ,t / 
 
 Num. 11: 4 J-fiNn :inw\nri they fell a Judg- 14: 4. Comp. ?n:J< no. II. par- 
 
 liisting. Ps. 78 ": 29, 30. ninnp. ticularly in Hithpa. 
 
 n^Knr; the graves of lusting, Num. H^D^ri f verbal from n:5J no. I. 
 
 11 : 34, 35- i^^'^.J^ ^5^.'5 dainty mourning, sadness, sorroiso. Is. 29: 2. 
 
 meat, Job 33: 2o/ * ' Lam. 2: 5. 
 
 3. something desirable, pleasant or u^jJ^D masc. plur. labour, toil,trouble. 
 lovely. {Comp. I7:n:, n^na.) Gen. e^^,:. 04 : ,2 nsbn o^:s*n it {the 
 
 3: 6. 49 : 26. Prov. 19:22 mw\n a . ,, . .,,v , , , , 
 
 - -; - joo/) wearieih me ^with) hard labour. 
 
 1-pn tz^w^ the loveliness or orna- VuIg. multo labore sudatum est. Root 
 
 ment of a man is his kindness. I^JC Arab. 'j''t? lassus, defatigatusfu- 
 
 tDVVn, CN^n m. verbal from Dw^n ii> comp. ]>>< no. 3. trouble, a^ic- 
 
 dec. I. a twin. Gen. 38: 27. Cant. 4: ^.. . t i i i . i 
 
 6. Plur. contracted ni2in Gen. 25: ^^"^^^ ^'^ ^' ^^^'"' ^^^^^ ^'^ "P^^^" 
 
 24. const. *'7?.J<ri Cant. 7: 4. of a boundary. Josh. 15: 9, 11. 18: 
 
 Jl^i^^n f verbal from npN, dec. X. a 14, 17. 
 
 - ' "' ^ " Pi. to mark out, describe. Is. 44: 
 
 curse. Lam. 3: 65. j3 
 
 n.Vri to b^ doubled. Ex. 26: 24. 36: 29. -jj^.j:^ 'm. with suff. i'^i^h, D>Vr|, ver- 
 
 (In Syr. and Arab, to be a twin.) ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ yj ^ 
 
 Hiph. to bear twins. Cant.4: 2. 6:6. ^ ^ " " . . c- r. t ^ 
 
 Deriv. Dii<n, Din. , 1- >^f' ^^^^- ^ Sam 28: H- 
 
 = ' Lam. 4: 8. nw\n ns"^, riD^ beautiful 
 
 Hj^P f. decX. ^exwaZ cie^ire or heat in o//orm, spoken for the most part of 
 
 an'imals,most probably from r;2N no. persons, Gen. 29: 17. 39: 6. also of 
 
 II. to meet, liter, occursus venereus, animals, Gen. 41: 18, 19. 
 
 concubitus. Comp. n^p no. (2.) Jer. 2. a beautiful form, beauty. Is, 53: 
 
 o a A ^,."^ ^J^-^IU^ - ,\ ,L 2. 1 Sam. 16: 18 "^^*h UJ-'N vir for- 
 
 2: 24 rrii^Jj^ ^72 tinrMD n^*^ theur- - ^ 
 
 gency of her desire, who can restrain 
 
 mce^ I. e. 
 
 formosus. 
 
 it ? Others derive it from the Arab. *)Vty5^n ni. Is. 41: 19. 60: 13. name of 
 (3->i to be ripe or ready, hence ripe- a tree which the ancient versions 
 ne53(for love,)an euphemism for wan- render variously, cedar, fir, poplar^ 
 tonness, sexual desire ; but an eu- etc. Most probably a species of ce- 
 phemism would hardly be expected dar, called in the eastsWk'n. Chald. 
 in this place. box-tree ; see the article irvLN no. 2. 
 
 rij^^n f plur. D'^ifi^.n, dec. X. TlZiV) f. dec. X, strictly a box, chest, 
 
 1. a fig-tree. Judg. 9 : 10. Prov. .? ^i.f 
 
 27: 18. The phrase to sit under one's (Chald. ^ntfi'^n idem; Arab. o^?^-> 
 
V^n 
 
 692 
 
 pn 
 
 it chesty cojffin ;) hence a vessel^ boat, 
 ship, e. g. that of Noah, Gen. 6: 14 
 ff. that wherein Moses was exposed 
 when an infant, Ex. 2 : 5. Sept. nt- 
 ^MEog. Vulg. area. C. V. an ark. 
 nN'^nn f verbal from i^iz, dec. X. 
 
 1. produce, increase, e. g. of a coun- 
 try, Josh 8:12. of the threshing 
 floor, Num. 18: 30. of the wine- 
 press, ibid, of the vineyard, Deut. 
 22: 15. 
 
 2. gain, profit ; e. g. ^''Ji'ni^ DNian 
 
 the gain of the wicked. Pro v. 10: 16. 
 15: 6. tl'ODn n5<^Sn the profit of wis- 
 dom, Prov. 3: 14. 8: 19. 
 
 3. metaphorically the fruit or con- 
 5e^Mence5 of any thing ; e.g. DNlin 
 T^ns^ ^^e consequences of his words, 
 Prov.' 18: 20. Comp. "^HD no. 3. 
 
 *]*^Dn m. verbal from "J"*!, dec. III. c. 
 
 wisdom, understanding. Hos. 1 3: 2. 
 riD'^Dn f verbal from "j-^a, dec. X. 
 
 inhabitants of the earth, Ps. 9: 9. 24: 
 
 I. 33: 8. 96: 13. 98: 9. 
 
 2. a land, country ; in reference 
 to the kingdom of Babylon, Is. 13: 
 
 I I . to that of Israel, Is. 24: 4. Comp. 
 the Latin phrase orbis Romanus. (Syr. 
 
 V^qIZ^ ^l^Z idem.) Root perhaps 
 b^^ to bring forth, (comp. b^i"),) 
 hence liter, the fruitful, i. e. the 
 earth. 
 'pDri m. slmmefid pollution, particular- 
 ly in respect to sins of lewdness. 
 Lev. 18: 23 after the prohibition of 
 sodomy, N^n bin it would be a shame- 
 ful pollution, i. e. a wicked scandal- 
 ous deed. 20: 12. Synonymous with 
 nbzD no. 3. Root bba to mix, rnin- 
 gle, (after the analogy of 0?3n from 
 DO'O,) with the accessory idea of 
 pollution, profanation. So in Chald. 
 ^z.bz e. g. Gen. 49: 4 Targ. comp. 
 
 in Arab. jW to be impious, to commit 
 adultery. 
 
 ^nn see ^n'^n. 
 
 ' P ' ^ > P J ' -,|*n^^j-| ^g^ J destruction, annihila- 
 
 tion. Is. 10: 26. Root Slba to con- 
 sume. Some MSS. and editions read 
 DrT^bpn, a word probably more fa- 
 miliar and intelligible to the copyist, 
 and chosen on that account. See 
 
 1. wisdom, understanding. Deut. 
 32: 28. Often in the plural, Ps. 
 49: 4. 
 
 32: 
 ilD'^!!2n f- verbal from D^2, dec. X. 
 
 a treading down, ruin, destruction. 2 
 Chr. 22: 7. 
 *lil2n L the proper name of a moun- 
 tain^ in Galilee, on the borders of 
 
 the tribes Zebulun and Naphtali. L*u .-'J,"_ r^^.i ^i^ t ,, oi . on 
 Josh. 19: 22. Judg. 4: 6. 8: 18. Ps. ^t.^-^. "^^ ^^""^ ^^^^ Lev. 21 . 20 
 
 89:13. Jer. 46: 18. Hos. 5: 1. In 
 Josephus 'lTa8vQiov, ^ Axa&vQiov. 
 Relandi Palaest'ina, p. 331336. 
 
 2. also of a grove of turpentine 
 trees in the tribe of Benjamin. 1 
 Sam. 10: 3. 
 7Dn f- (with two Tseris impure,) 
 
 used in poetry for V^.^.- 
 
 1 . the earth, the globe, the world. 1 
 Sam. 2: 8. Ps. 18: 16. 93: 1. 96: 10. 
 Twice with y^.N subjoined, Prov. 
 8: 31 iii'lN b:?n the circuit of his 
 earth. Job 37: 12. comp. Ps. 90: 2 
 bnn*] y^.N. Particularly the inhabited 
 earth. Is. 14: 17. (comp. f^N Zech. 
 14:10.) hence metaphorically the 
 
 t:'^^'2 -'!?.5^ having a white spot 
 {kevKO)ua) on his eye. Vulg. albugi- 
 nem habens in oculo. Comp. Tob. 2: 
 9. 3 : 17. 6 : 8. where the Hebrew 
 translator uses this word for the 
 Greek hv^w^ici. Root bba to stain, 
 pollute, comp. b5.n. The Targums 
 render it a snail, meaning here blear- 
 eyedness ; comparing it with the 
 Chald. fi<bbn''n a snail. But this in 
 Hebrew would be b=ib3T23. 
 "ZTi m. straw, which by threshing 
 
 )- 
 
 with the pointed threshing waggon 
 (li'li^) was broken into small pie- 
 ces, like our chopped straw. Job 21: 
 18. It was used as fodder for cat- 
 
i.^n 
 
 693 
 
 Inn 
 
 tie, Gen. 24: 25. Is. 11 : 7.-65: 25. 
 and in the preparation of clay for 
 bricks, Gen. 5: 7 ff. Deriv. ]^.r)73. 
 ^"^321^ f verbal from n:2. 
 
 1. a style or moc^e of building. Ps. 
 144: 12. 
 
 2. a model^ pattern^ after which 
 any thing is built. Ex. 25: 9, 40. 2 
 K. 16: 10. 
 
 3. an image^ likeness. Deut. 4: 16 
 18. Ezek. 8: 10. Hence Ezek. 8: 
 3 T^ n'^:2n nbw'^l he stretched out as 
 it were a hand, liter, the image of a 
 hand. 10: 8. Comp. n^^' no. 3. 
 
 ni"3ri (a burning) proper name of 
 
 a place in the desert. Num. 11: 3. 
 Deut. 9: 22. 
 Y^n proper name of a place not far 
 
 from Sichem. Judg. 9: 50. 2 Sam. 
 11:21. 
 
 ^ D J<bB n^ 3 n Tiglath-pileser, proper 
 
 name of a king of Assyria, contem- 
 porary with Ahaz king of Judah. 2 
 K. 15: 29. 16: 10. This name is also 
 written nt?bs n?bn 2 K. 16 : 7. 
 ^pwSSlrD ns^n 1 Chr. 5: 6. 2 Chr. 
 28: 20. and ^iprbc n^bn 1 Chr. 5: 
 26. The latter part of this compound 
 name occurs likewise with a slight 
 change in the royal name JVabopo- 
 lassar^ and signifies prob. magnus 
 princeps, (Pers. ^^Vj, according 
 
 to Lorsbach's Archiv fur morgenl. 
 Litt. Th.2. p.247.) The former part 
 
 may be the Pers. A^-^ iuvenis im- 
 berbis. 
 ^^I2t\r\ ni. verbal from b'S.n, dec. I. 
 
 a benefit, i. q. bl72^. Ps. 116: 12. 
 nn^n f. verbal from ti"^-^, dec. X. 
 
 strife^ contention. Once Ps. 39: 11 
 ^n^'bs ':n 'IT' rin:n73 by the con- 
 tention, i. e. blows, punishment, of 
 thy hand I am consumed, (in Chald. 
 idem.) 
 
 TXr\yU\ Gen. 10 : 3. and n^^nrilll 
 
 \ Chr. 1 : 6. Ezek. 27 : 14.^38 : 6. 
 name of a northern country, from 
 
 which horses and mules were brought 
 to Tyre. (See Ezek. 27: 14.) Sept. 
 by transposition SoQya^ia, fJfQya- 
 (HOC, Svgyt'f.tu, Svgyalju ; and some 
 Hebrew MSS. rtTsann. This leads 
 us to Armenia, as the most probable 
 explanation of the word, since the 
 Armenians derive themselves from 
 Torgom a descendant of Gomer, and 
 call themselves the house of Torgom. 
 Armenia is also represented by the 
 Greeks as rich in horses. Comp. J. 
 D. Michaelis Spicileg. Geogr. T. I. 
 p. 6778. 
 ^nln m. name of a tree, perhaps </ie 
 
 plane-tree ; found only Is. 41: 19. 60: 
 13. The ancient translators fluctu- 
 ate between the beech, pine, cypress^ 
 larch, etc. Comp. Celsii Hierobot. 
 T. II. p. 271. 
 
 1^5 "1 '^ 1 n f- Chald. a going round in a 
 circle, continuance, i. q. T^l^n. Adv. 
 ^t^"^'^r}2 constantly, continually, Dan. 
 6: 17, 21. (Root ^^1 to move in a 
 circle, whence "nil a generation, pe- 
 riodus.) 
 
 ib^ri 1 K. 9: 18 Keri, and 2 Chr. 
 
 8: 4. a city built by Solomon, on a 
 fruitful spot surrounded by barren 
 deserts, between Damascus and the 
 Euphrates. In the Kcthib of 1 K.9:18 
 *^73n (a palm-tree,) and hence with- 
 out doubt is derived the well-known 
 Grecian name Palmyra. Among the 
 Arabians the ruins of this city still 
 bear the name of Tadmor. 
 "^nri (for TmH a segolated form like 
 ui^ip, hence the word is penacuted.) 
 Root in Chald. i^nrj to be confounded^ 
 to be desolate, (comp. UIT^^ ;) whence 
 
 "nn, N*Jin taaste. Arab. Cs%^ emp- 
 ty. Syr. cnoZ idetn, a contraction of 
 
 1. as a subst. emptiness, desolate- 
 ness. Gen. 1: 2. Job 26: 7. a desert^ 
 Deut. 32: 10. Job 6: 18. 12: 24. Is. 
 24: 10 !inh ri2"^p. the desolate city. 
 34: 11 Jinn \qnii') ^inh ip the line of 
 wasting and the plummet of desolation. 
 
t^nn 
 
 694 
 
 Din 
 
 2. metaphorically emptiness^ vani- 
 ty^ and as a concrete, something vain 
 or of no value, synonymous with 
 bin. Is. 41: 29. 44: 9. 49: 4. 59: 4. 
 1 Sam. 12: 21. Hence parallel with 
 J^N nothing, Is. 40: 17, 23. 
 
 3. as an adv. in vain, like irlnln. Is. 
 45: 19. 
 
 Qinn com. gen. plur. riTloirrn, dec. I. 
 Root prob. a^ilTT i. q. "nTZT: to rage or 
 be tumultuous, as the sea. 
 
 1. a Jiood, deep water, used poet- 
 ically for t2']72 waters. Deut. 8: 7. 
 Ps. 42: 8 a^^p Dirrn bfi$ Sinn ^oorf 
 caZZe</i c/ifer, i. e. followeth after, 
 
 Jiood. Ps. 78: 15. Ezek. 31: 4. dinn 
 ITTZ'I i/e ^reai tiyafer.?, spoken of the 
 sea,'Gen. 7: 11. So Ps. 36: 7. Amos 
 7: 4. Job 28: 14. 38: 16, 30. Plur. 
 Ex. 15: 3, 8. Ps. 33: 7. 
 
 2. the abyss, spoken of the abysses 
 of the earth. Ps. 71 : 20. (Syr. 
 
 f-iOOOlZ a Jiood and an abyss.) 
 n >lnr] f. verbal from bbn, dec. X. 
 
 1. praise, glory. Ps. 22: 26. 48: 11. 
 51 : 17. Hence (l .) an object of praise, 
 something praised. Deut. 26 : 19 
 n'li^Cnb^ D'i^b MVnnb to be a praise, 
 a name and an honour. Jer. 13: 11. 
 33:9. Zeph.3: 19,20. (2.) an object of 
 boasting, ground of praise, boast, 
 praise. Jer. 17: 14 "^nbtnn nnit thou 
 \ Jehovah) art my boast. 48: 2. Deut. 
 10: 21. Plur. nV:?r;n laudes, Ps. 78: 
 
 4. Is. 60: 6. 
 
 2. a song of praise. Ps. 22: 4. 66: 
 2. 145: 1. The Jews call the whole 
 collection of Psalms D'^^nn songs of 
 praise, a name which applies strictly 
 to only a part of them. The plur. 
 in D""- occurs nowhere else. 
 
 n^inn f found only Job 4: 18. a fault, 
 
 error, defect. Sept. GxoXiov to. Vulg. 
 pravum quid. Syr. stupor. Chald. in- 
 iquitas. If the n be radical, then this 
 word may be collated with the Arab. 
 5 c / ^ 
 
 ^y^^. But the n may be servile, and 
 
 the word derived from the root bJT* 
 Arab. V^^ to err, to fail., whence 
 
 5 c I 
 j-A^ an error. Hence a verbal noun 
 
 ti'^rrin, nbtih, for which may be 
 substituted tlbnn, as inversely rCt^Tx 
 for rrb:^-!! Judg. 6: 28. n^yt fornm-T 
 Num.'^Js^: 7. 
 nlDl!:?iri f verbal from 'Tbr^, dec. X. 
 
 a procession, company, guard. Neh.l2: 
 31. 
 nlDlSun f verbal from ^Sil, found 
 
 only in the plur. 
 
 1 . perverscness, folly. Deut. 32 : - 
 20. 
 
 2. falsehood, deceit. Prov. 2: 12, 14. 
 
 6: 14. niDStin ]ve;'^ the false tongue. 
 
 ^T\ m. (for nin,) verbal from njn 
 no. I. 
 
 1. a mark, sign. Ezek. 9:4. (Arab, 
 
 L-^-^ a mark in the form of a cross, 
 
 which was branded on the flanks or 
 neck of horses and camels; hence 
 prob. the name of the letter n, which 
 in the ancient Phenician alphabet 
 and on Jewish coins has the form of 
 a cross ( f ), and from which the 
 Greeks and Romans have borrowed 
 the form of their T.) 
 
 2. the sig7iature or subscription (of 
 a complaint,) or the complaint itself. 
 Job 31 : 35. The term probably 
 refers not to the use of alpha- 
 betical characters, but simply to the 
 signature of a writing by drawing a 
 cross or the like ; (see no. 1 .) Par- 
 all, l^.q. 
 
 &iin a gazelle, see i^^jH. 
 
 in'^n, fut. n^in-;, Chald. i. q. Heb. i^iiu 
 to return. Dan. 4: 31, 33. [4: 34, 36.] 
 Aph. IT)!! (with a Hebrew form) 
 to cause to return, to restore, to give 
 or send back. Ezra 5: 5. 6: 5. ^"Tin 
 dSDE i. q. Heb. ni^ 'D.'^X'n to return 
 
 T ; ^ T T 
 
 answer, to answer, construed with an 
 accus. of the person, Ezra 5: 11. 
 Dan. 3: 16. Also without D5 DC ic^em, 
 Dan. 2: 14. 
 ^n^n Ezek. 27 : 13. 38 : 2, 3. Is. 66: 
 19. and bin Gen. 10: 2. Ezek. 32: 
 26. 39: 1. the Tibarenes, a people of 
 
mn 
 
 b^n 
 
 Pontus in Asia Minor, west of ^^.^ 
 the Moschians^ in connexion with 
 whom they are generally mention- 
 ed. See ']4;r3 no. 3. 
 'j'^p ^12'n TM6a/-cain,the proper name 
 
 of a son of Lamech, the inventor of 
 emithery. Gen. 4: 22. To this the 
 appellative meaning of the word has 
 reference, for Tubal signifies in Per- 
 sian the dross or slacks of brass and 
 iron ; and ]';f^ in Arab, and Pers. a 
 smith. Is this account then of Persian 
 origin ? 
 nr^'^ri f- verbal from t^5;^, dec. X. 
 griefs sorrow. Prov. 14: 13. 17: 21. 
 Ps. 119:28. 
 
 TO-):\iF] see ntinr^n. 
 
 n^iri f- (verbal from rTl]] no. II. Hiph. 
 
 to confess^ praise ;) dec. X. 
 
 1. a confession.^ acknowledgment. 
 Josh. 7: 19. Ezra 10: 11. 
 
 2. praise.^ thanks^ thanksgiving. Ps. 
 26: 7. 42: 5. JTlTn nnt to oj'er thanks- 
 givings (not to bring thank-offerings s) 
 Ps. 50: 14,23. 107: 22. 116: 17. 
 fl^inln n^T a thank-offerings Lev. 
 22: 29. So in the same sense nnT 
 C'^ttbrn rriin Lev. 7: 13, 15. comp*. 
 verse 12. 
 
 3. i. q. rriin n^y. thank-offering. 
 Ps. 56: 13. ' 
 
 4. a choir of singers. Neh. 12: 31, 
 38, 40. 
 
 i^'lD Chald. to be astonished^ terrified^ 
 
 to tremble from fear. Dan. 3: 24. 
 
 I. flin in Kal not used. 
 
 r T 
 
 Pi. to make a mark or sign. 1 Sam. 
 
 21: 14 '^TJ2'n T\\T\\i b^ in*;! and he 
 scrabbled on the doors of the gate. 
 
 Hiph. to make a mark or sign^ join- 
 ed with in. Ezek. 9: 4. 
 
 II. nin <o repent^ grieve. (In Syr. 
 
 T T 
 
 idem.) 
 
 Hiph. causat. to cause to repent or 
 to be grieved. Ps. 78: 41. 
 n^nin f. verbal from i^n^, dec. XIII. 
 
 a. a hope^ expectation. Ps. 39: 8. Prov. 
 10: 28. 
 
 *^1i1 m. const, ^^n, with suiF. "'^in, 
 
 dec. VI. e. the middle, the midst. 
 Sometimes as a genitive after anoth- 
 er noun, Judg. 16: 29 .^inn ''?.57a^ 
 the middle pillars. '^^^12 in the midst; 
 denoting (l.) among, inter. Gen. 35: 
 2. Lev. 20: 14. (2.) in the midst of 
 or simply in. 1 Sam. 9: 14. 18: 10 
 n^zrr ^inz in the home. (3.) through 
 the midst. ^iri2 l^^" ^o ^o through the 
 midst, Ezek. 9 : 4. Ex. 14 : 29. 
 !]iri7J liter, from the midst; hence 
 simply out o/', Jer. 51: Q.from, Ex. 
 33: 11. ^in bi^. into the midst of, 
 Num. 17: 12. [16: 47.J 19: 6. Comp. 
 the synon. i"lp.. Deriv. ]i^'*n. 
 '^*]jrj i, q. !^n oppression, q. v. 
 
 nn^in f. verbal from n^^ , dec. X. 
 
 chastisement, punishment, i. q. nn^in 
 no. 4. Ps. 149:7. Hos. 5: 9- 
 
 n^riDin , verbal from riD"^, dec. 
 Xlll.'m. 
 
 1 . a proving, proof, demonstration. 
 Job 13: 6. Plur. arguments, proofs. 
 Job 23:4. contradictions, Ps. 38: 15. 
 Prov. 29: 1 nin^in 'ij\\ a man of 
 contradictions, i. e. a refractory man. 
 
 2. warning, admonition. Prov. 1: 
 23, 25, 30. 3:11. 5 : 12. Plur. 
 *^Dn^ ninZDin instructive reproofs, 
 Prov. 6: 23.' 
 
 3. censure, reproach, reproof Prov. 
 27:5. 29: 15. Particularly a com- 
 plaint or censure (of God,) Hab.2:l. 
 
 4. chastisement, punishment. Ps. 73: 
 14. Plur. Ps.39: 12. Ezek. 5: 15 
 flion ninsin angry chastisements 
 25^17. 
 
 n^*pin fem. plur. verbal from 1^;j, 
 
 dec. X. 
 
 1 . families, generations. Num. 1 : 
 20 ff. nnibinb according to their gen" 
 erations. Gen. i 0:32. 25:13. Ex.6: 16. 
 Hence nibin IDD a family register, 
 Gen. 5: 1 . This family register often 
 began thus ':n nib in in^.J* these are 
 the generations and so forth. Gen. 10: 
 1. 11:10. 25:12,19. 36: 1,9. Ruth 
 4: 18. As the most ancient histQry 
 
:Qin 
 
 696 
 
 Sin 
 
 among the orientals consisted in a 
 great measure of genealogical ac 
 counts, hence 
 
 2. a family history of any kind. 
 Gen. 6: 9 ni nib in rrtN this is the 
 history of Noah. ol:2. and 
 
 3. a history^ in a still wider sense. 
 Gen. 2: 4 this is the history of the 
 heavens and the earth. Comp. '2:11'^ 
 
 and the Syr. t^f a family^ geneal- 
 ogy, history generally. See Castelli 
 Lex. Syr.ed. Mich. p. 937. 
 C^^iri masc. plur. found only Ps. 
 137: 3 12"^bbin according to the 
 Targums, prcedatores nostri, as if it 
 stood for 5):bbrij by a commutation 
 
 of U3 and n. But bbvcj has a passive 
 signification, to he plvndered or spoil- 
 ed. The comparison is more close 
 with the Syr. Irbn Ethpa. to rave., 
 rage., hence ^la'^bb^ri they that raged 
 against us. Gr. anon, ol naraXccCov- 
 suofievoc iqfjiag. Still better after 
 
 the Arab. ^^ to cast down., conj. IV. 
 to fetter., carry away in chains-, hence 
 our tyrants., despots. 
 
 5?Vin m. ni^bin, n?^in f. piur. 
 
 T 
 
 1. a worm of any kind ; spoken 
 e. g. of those which arise from pu- 
 tridity, Ex. 16: 20. Is. 14: 11. 66: 24. 
 of the worm which destroys the pal- 
 ma Christi,Jon.4: 7. of insects which 
 gnaw the grape-vine, Deut. 28: 39. 
 As an image of weakness and vile- 
 ness, Ps. 22: 7. Job 25: 6. 
 
 2. particularly '^3/^ T\^\rt theker- 
 mez., the turtle insect., also the colour 
 prepared from it ; see '2U?. More 
 rarely ^bin stands alone for i/ie crim- 
 son die., crimson garments.. Lam. 4: 5. 
 Is. 1:18. 
 
 Din. From this root are derived 
 some forms, which have the signifi- 
 cation of D72n. 
 
 D'^/Qin twins., see D^tli^n. 
 
 pin Gen. 36: 15 Keth. for ';^\n,but 
 prob. a corrupted reading. 
 
 nilJ'in f. const. nn5?in, verbal from 
 n:s>n, dec. XI. b. 
 
 1. an abomination. Prov. 21: 27. 
 28: 9. 71'^^^'] nn^in an abomination 
 to Jehovah., Prov. 3: 32. 11: 1 , 20. 
 Spoken particularly of what is un- 
 clean or forbidden by ceremonial 
 laws. Gen. 43: 32 for this {the eating 
 with Hebrews) is an abomination to 
 the Egyptians. 46 : 34. Deut. 14 : 3. 
 Hence also of idols and other things 
 pertaining to idolatry, 2 K. 23 : 13. 
 
 See yp;J, ynp-ij. 
 
 2. an abominable deed or practice., 
 particularly in reference to idolatry. 
 1 K. 14: 24. 2 K. 16: 3. 21 : 2. Ezra 
 9: 1. Ezek. 16: 2. 
 
 nJ'in f- verbal from In^n. 
 
 1 . apostasy (from God.) Is. 32: 6. 
 
 2. hurt., injury. Neh. 4: 2. [4: 8.] 
 mSJ^m plur. fem. verbal from 
 
 T 
 
 p]^;, dec. XI. a. 
 
 1. swift course., swiftness. Num.23: 
 
 22. 24:8 lb DN'^ niD^in he has the 
 .. . -J 
 
 swiftness of the buffalo. 
 
 2. weariness., wearisome labour; 
 see 51^y no. 2. Hence prob. earnings., 
 possession., substance., treasure ; comp. 
 :s?^:i'^ no. 3. Ps. 95: 4 W nrr nTDis^in 
 the treasures of the mountains. Job 
 22:25 niSi'Tn !:)05 silver of treasures., 
 i. e. treasures of silver. According 
 to some interpreters, in all these 
 passages, heights., by a transposition 
 of the letters, from the root ^'C 
 Arab, ij ascendit., alius fuit, hence 
 
 Num. 23: 22 an upright course. Ps. 
 95 : 4 heights of the mountains. Job 
 22: 25 silver of heaps., i. e. heaps of 
 silver. But the signification given 
 above is equally well suited to the 
 passages, and is better supported by 
 Hebrew usage. 
 
 n*15^-Sin f plur. verbal from Nij:; to 
 
 go out., dec. XI. a. 
 
 1 . a place of going out., a gate. E- 
 zek. 48: 30. 
 
 2. a place of rising., a spring. Pror 
 
nin 
 
 697 
 
 tDin 
 
 4: 23 U'^'^n n^N^tin <Ae wellsprings 
 oflife^ i. e. of happiness. 
 
 3. a going forth^ extremity^ limii^ 
 (of a boundary.) Num. 34:4, 6, 8, 9. 
 Josh. 15:4. 
 
 4. metaphorically deliverance. Ps. 
 68: 21 ni2in niTsb deliverance in 
 regard to death., i. e. from death. 
 Comp. N:r^ Ecc. 7: 18. 
 
 f. '^*irn m. dec. I. a turtledove^ turtur^ 
 
 so called from the noise which it 
 makes. Gen. 15: 9. Lev. 12: 6. Used 
 as a word of endearment to one be- 
 loved, Cant. 2: 12. Ps. 74: 19 '^'inn 
 thy turtledove^ i. e. thy persecuted 
 affrighted people, with the accesso- 
 ry idea of affection. 
 
 II. -|in m. dec. I. 
 
 1. a row ^ order ^ turn. Est. 2: 12, 
 15. 
 
 2. a row or string oj^ pearls or me- 
 tallic beads., which hung down over 
 the face. Cant. 1: 10, 11. 
 
 III. "I'lri 1 Chr. 17 : 17. a manner., 
 i. q. Jin'jn no. 3. which stands in 
 the parallel passage 2 Sam. 7; 1 9. If 
 the reading is correct, then the word 
 may be derived from no. II. a row., 
 or be a contraction of niin = 
 
 ^'']T\ Chald. an ox., I q. Heb. ^1^. 
 Plur. p-lh oxen. Dan.4: 22, 29, 30. 
 [4: 25,32, 33.] 5: 21. Ezra 6: 9, 17. 
 
 'y^r\ 1 to go about., particularly as a spy; 
 hence to spy out., e. g. a land, con- 
 strued with an accus. Num. 13: 17, 
 18,22. 14 : 6 ff. Also to search out., 
 discover, Deut. 1 : 33. Num. 10: 33. 
 Ezek. 20: 6. Trop. to search out., ex- 
 plore., Ecc. 7 : 25. used absolutely, 
 Ecc.2:3. also construed with b^', Ecc. 
 1: 13. 
 
 2. to go about., as a merchant. 1 K. 
 10: 15. Comp. r?n and -MID. 
 
 3. construed with ""n.n.N, to follow. 
 Trop. Num.15: 39. 
 
 Hiph. 1. i. q. Kal no. 1. to spy 
 mt. Judg. 1:23. 
 
 2. to direct a person or show him 
 the right way. Pro v. 12 : 26 in^ 
 l^'^'^llg ^ 5^^.'?.'?. ^''fi righteous man shows 
 
 88 
 
 his neighbour the right way ; parall. 
 the way of the wicked leads them as* 
 tray. (Chald. n^n a guide.) 
 Deriv. n^rr;.' 
 
 nnin f- verbal from Tin;, (in Hiph; 
 
 T 
 
 to teach,) dec. X. 
 
 1 . instruction, doctrine, precept, ad- 
 monition. Job 22:22. E. g. frompar^ 
 ents, Prov. 1:8. 3:1. 4:2. 7:2. from 
 God, i. e. a revelation, an oracle, Is. 
 1:10. 8:16, 20. 42:4,21. 
 
 2. a law (of Moses.) Lev. 6: 9, 14, 
 25. 7: 1,7. Also collectively laws, 
 Lev. 13: 9. 16:4. n^jinn *\CD the 
 book of the law, Josh.'l:8. 8: 34. 2 
 K. 22:8, 11. Neh.8:3. 13:3. 
 
 3. a mode, manner, i. q. pn, 
 t2S-i:a. 2 Sam. 7: 19. 
 
 4. a rule, direction, (for building a 
 house.) Ezek. 43: 12. 
 
 DtSiri m. (verbal from i'23; to dwell,) 
 
 dec. I. a sojourner, a stranger dwell' 
 ing in another country without the 
 rights of citizenship, inquilinus. Lev. 
 22: 10. 25: 47. Ps.39: 13. Plur. const. 
 1 K. 17: 1. 
 n^Ui^n f used only in poetry. 
 
 1 . wisdom, understanding. (Used 
 as synonymous with ?^^^n, n]2y, 
 SJ^I.) Job 11:6. ri^*r^n^ ^^X'.'^. ti^^^& 
 as much wisdom. 12: 16 n^'ZilDT f3> 
 might and wisdom. 26:3. Prov. 3: 21. 
 8: 14. 18: 1. Is. 28 : 29 n^i'. Nbcn 
 rr^UJ^n V'^l^n whose counsel is won- 
 derful and whose wisdom is great. 
 Perhaps Mic. 6: 9. Hence also i. q, 
 J^^?. p^^rpose, plan. Job 5 : 12 fi<b 
 jTs'i^nn Dn^n"; nD^ipyn their hands 
 execute not their purpose. Vulg. quod 
 cceperant. 
 
 2. help, deliverance, salvation. Job 
 6: 13 "^1^12 nni: n^w/^n has deliv- 
 erance Jied from me? Parall. n"jT^. 
 Prov. 2: 7. According to some also 
 Mic. 6: 9. Job 30 : 22 Keri. (The 
 most natural root is niJ^ Arab. 
 
 / .AW A to support, help, which fully il- 
 lustrates this last signification ; but 
 the sense of wisdom is not lound fja 
 
^nn 
 
 69S 
 
 snn 
 
 n^^:X!:rTi:^:^ ^^-^ - (-^^^ ^- ^^^ - ^-^ 
 
 ever, of wisdom or i^irfwe and ^afoa- 
 h'o)t or prosperity^ are connected. 
 Comp. p'l'^; and np^^-^. no. 6.) 
 nmn m. a cluh^ cudgel. Job 41 : 21. 
 
 [41:29.] Sept. Oifvga. V^ulg-. mal- 
 leus. Root nn^ Arab. ^Ti* /i/s^e /^er- 
 cussit. 
 JTD found only in Hiph. rnn ^o cm^ q^. 
 
 Is. 18: 5. Sept. djTOKOip^i^ aliter xr- 
 ay.6ip6i. (Found likewise in Talmu- 
 dic.) The Hebrew interpreters ex- 
 plain it by Ti'y'iD. 
 
 n^jTin f. verbal from Ji:j, dec. I. 
 
 olent^ rapacious^) Lev. 11: 16. Deut. 
 14: 15. name of an unclean bird. Ac- 
 cording to Bochart, (Hieroz. P. II. 
 p. 232.) the male ostrich^ which in 
 Arabic is called ^j^\d impius^ ini- 
 quus^ (comp. Job 39 : 17 ff. Lam. 4: 
 3.) from j^.Xib, which corresponds 
 exactly to the Heb. D^n. The pre- 
 ceding ri25^2 ^? "^ust then be taken 
 here in a narrower sense for thefe- 
 mole ostrich. Sept.and Vulg. night orrl; 
 Jonath. the swallow. Other Jewish 
 interpreters make it a generic name 
 for any bird of prey ^ from DTjn to be 
 violent. 
 
 23:8. 
 
 whoredom., Jornication ; metaphori 
 
 cal ly ic^o/a^ry. Ezek. 16: 25, 26, 29. HDnn f (verbal from "J 3 n to pity.) 
 ^^ " "' ^r.r\:in Ezek. 16:15, ', ' ' 
 - dec. X. 
 
 1. favour.^ pity., compassion. Josh. 
 11:20. Ezra 9: 8. 
 
 2. a prayer^ supplication., (see the 
 verb ]3n Hithpa. to supplicate.) Ps^ 
 6:10. 55:2. 119: 170. 
 
 D'^j^jPir! masc. plur. dec. I. prayers^ 
 supplications, i. q. ni^nsn. Ps. 28 : 2, 
 7.31:23. 116: 1. Root ']:n Hithpa. 
 to supplicate. 
 
 Plur. 
 
 20, 22. 23: 7 ff. 
 
 ni^snri and nV^'iiDririfem.piur. 
 
 dec' X. 
 
 1. a leading .^guidance.,direction. Job 
 37: 12. Particularly the guidance or 
 management of a state, Prov. 11: 14. 
 (Most prob. a denom. from l:ln a pi- 
 lot., gubernator.) 
 
 2. the art of leading or governing. 
 Hence a wise plan or counsel., Prov. 
 1: 5. 20: 18. 24 : 6. Also in a bad niD^IDHSn fem. plur. verbal from l^n, 
 
 sense, Prov. 12: 5. -. ^ ' 7- . d or> n " ' 
 
 Lb-,-, Vii ,1 -, x^ , dec. X. 5?/j9/)/icai2on5. Ps. 86: 6. 
 
 ninn Onald. prep, under, i. q. Heb. _'-ta- i- uii- , / 
 
 : ^ ^ ' ^ m3nn f verbal fromr!:n,ftjo/acco/^ 
 
 nnn. Dan. 7 : 27. It is strictly a ' " . ^ t/ ^ o 
 
 noun, and with suffixes is always put '^^^^P'''S'> ^^^P' 2 K. 6: 8. 
 in the plur. e. g. ^ninnn underit, DtipDnn Ezek. 30:18. and DnD^Hin 
 
 Dan.4: 9, 18. [4:12,21.] 
 n >nn f. verbal from bin (in Hiph. to 
 
 begin.,) dec. X. the beginning. Hos. 1 : 
 
 2. Prov. 9: 10. nbnnz at the begin- 
 ning., before^ at the first., Gen. 13: 3. 
 41: 21. 43:18, 20. Is. 1: 26. 
 
 (2'^j5< vllln masc. plur. (verbal from 
 Mbn == Jnbn to be sick,) dec. I. sick- 
 
 XT r T 'y 
 
 nesses.^ diseases. Deut. 29: 21. Ps.l03: 
 
 3. Jer. 16: 4 nn^; D^i^^bnn ""niiDT^ 
 
 deaths of sicknesses., i. e. grievous 
 deaths, they shall die. 14: 18 'Wbnn 
 i^"l as a concrete, the famished by 
 hunger. 
 
 Jer 43: 7, 8, 9. 44: 1. 46: 14. alsQ 
 2: 16 Keri, where the Kethib readi 
 
 1. the proper name of a city la 
 Egypt. Sept. laqvtj., Taqvat.^ un- 
 doubtedly meaning Daphne., not far 
 from Pelusium, a frontier fortress of 
 the Egyptians towards Syria. Ja- 
 blonski (Opusc. P. I. p. 343.) suppos- 
 es the Egyptian name of the city to 
 have been Taphe-erieh, i.e. caput sec- 
 uli seu terrae, having reference to 
 the situation of the city on the very 
 borders of Egypt. 
 
 2. Dpsnn the propername of an 
 Egyptian queen. 1 K. 11: 19, 20. 
 
'OTn 
 
 699 
 
 nnn 
 
 1i^*inr) ni- i^nen coat of mail or ha- 
 bergeon^ i9-ft} ;, lorica^ a closely wo- 
 ven linen garment furnished with a 
 coat of mail in the upper part about 
 the neck. Ex. 28: 32. 39 : 23. Root 
 Nnn, Syr. Ethp. to fight ^ contend; 
 Aph. to prepare for contest ; kind- 
 red with the Heb. rr^n to burn, to 
 be hot. 
 t^'^TWi to emulate, vie, contend. Strict- 
 ly an uncommon conjugation, (after 
 the form h^^n, D.n^n,) from nnn 
 Hithpa. to become angry, from jeal- 
 ousy or envy, (comp. in Syr. Ethpe. 
 to contend.) Jer. 12:5 riinnn ]\Nf 
 t]'^D^&^"^)^? how canst thou contend 
 with horses? 22: 15 tTinn^ Sini^ "^3 
 Tn^^ because thou viest (with others) 
 in cedar houses. 
 l^TVTl m. found only in the connexion 
 iZJnn n^y tahash skin or leather, 
 Num.4: 6flf. Plur. D-'-^nn nini^ 
 tahash skins, Ex. 25: 6. 26: U. 35:23. 
 39: 34. and in the same sense simply 
 UJnn Num. 4: 25. Ezek. 16: 10. It 
 has been thought to be the name of 
 an animal, or of a colour, (like "rD, 
 n^Dn,) or of a preparation of leath- 
 er, (like morocco.) The first ap- 
 pears to be favoured by the con- 
 struction of the word, particularly 
 by the use of the plural, and by Ex. 
 39: 34, where D^'pnriln is used as a 
 genitive; (^r^ and nVsn are con- 
 strued somewhat differently.) But to 
 determine what animal is intended 
 is difficult. Several Hebrew inter- 
 preters and the Talmudists explain 
 it by the weasel, marten ; others, 
 from the similarity of the names, by 
 the Germ. Dachs, the badger ; but 
 the Arab, -bnn /wutiiiTi and 
 / wu.c^v3 denotes the dolphin, under 
 which the ancients may have includ- 
 ed the seal. (See Faber's Archaologie 
 der Hebraer, p. 115. Beckmann ad 
 Antigonum Carystium, cap. 60.) Seal 
 skins would certainly give a very 
 good sense- All the ancient versions 
 make it a colour ; e.g. Sept. vazMc- 
 
 va ; Aqu. Symm. lavxfiva ; Chald. 
 and Syr. crimson ; Arab, pelles ni- 
 grce or cceruleoe ; and Bochart coin- 
 cides with them, (Hieroz. T. I. p. 
 989.) A. Th. Hartmann (Th. 3. p. 
 230.) thinks it to denote a prepara- 
 tion of leather, namely, red moroc- 
 co. It occurs as the proper name of 
 a person Gen. 22 : 24, which s-Ught- 
 ly favours the first interpretation. 
 nnri m. l. what is under or below. 
 Hence nnn^^ Ex. 20: 4. Josh. 2: 11. 
 and nnn as an accus. used adverbi- 
 
 ally, below, beneath. In the const, 
 state used as a prep, (l.) under. Of- 
 ten in composition as (a.) nnn^ 
 from under. Ex. 6: 6. (b.) b nnn^a 
 beneath, itnder, below. Gen. 1: 7 nnr)73. 
 -"^i^l^ 6e?ieaf/i thefrmament. Ex. 30: 
 4. also in a geographical sense. Gen. 
 35: 8. 1 Sam. 7: 11. without b, Ezek. 
 42: 9. Job 26: 5. (c.) !r nnn i. q. 
 nnn under. Cant. 2: 6. (d.) nnn bfi< 
 under, with the accessory idea of di- 
 rection to a place, Zech. 3: 10. some- 
 times without this accessory idea, 1 
 Sam. 21: 5. Some \erbs of pressing 
 down, or of motion downwards gen- 
 erally, appear to be construed with 
 nnn, (as verbs of shutting or closing 
 with l^'S,) in which cases it may be 
 omitted in translating, Amos 2: 13 
 DD'^nnn p'^yTa "^Dic^ / will press you 
 down. Job 36: 20. 40:12. With suf- 
 fixes, it is usually put in the plural, 
 e.g. 'nnn, T'^nnn; yet the following 
 forms occur in the singular, "^^nnn, 
 n^nnn, Dnnn. (2.) between, inter. Is. 
 
 10: 4. 
 
 2. what is under a person, a place^ 
 spot. Zech. 6:12 n73ir'^Tnnn73/rowi 
 his place he shall shoot up. Comp. Ex. 
 10: 23. Hence (l.) as an accus. used 
 adverbially, on or in the place or 
 spot. Ex. 16:29 Vnnn T2;''i< ^lauj con- 
 tinue each i?i his place. 1 Sam. 14: 9. 
 Judg. 7: 21. 2 Sam. 2: 23. 7: 10. 1 
 Chr. 17: 9. Job 36: 16 p^TO fi^b nnn 
 in'^nnn to a broad place, where is no 
 straitness. (2.) in the place of, instead 
 of, loco. Lev. 16: 32. Est. 2: 17. Ps. 
 
a-'n 
 
 700 
 
 nn 
 
 45: 17 ?i''5a ^^'irf 'TT'^n'iaN nnn tn- 
 
 *^cad of thy fathers shall be thy sons. 
 (3.) for^ in exchange for^ in compen- 
 sation for. Gen. 30: 15. 1 K. 21: 2. 
 1 Sam. 2 : 20. MK nnn wherefore ? 
 Jer. 5: 19. Hence n;iJN nnn as a 
 conj. (a.) instead that, lieut. 28: 62. 
 (b.) because that. Deut. 21: 14. 2 K. 
 22: 17. ""D nnn idem., Deut.4:37. Al- 
 sosimply nnn 6ccaw5e,before an infin. 
 Is. 60: 15 n^iti? ']nrn nnn because 
 thou wast forsaken. Job 34: 26 nnn 
 
 ti'^rj:^ for S Dni"'n; nnn because 
 they are wicked. 
 
 3. proper name of a station of the 
 Israelites in the wilderness. Once ^ 
 Num. 33: 26. 
 
 nnri Chaia. 2<^m. Dan. 4:11 [4: 
 14] ''ninlnn^pyrom under it. 
 
 ^T\T\T[^. Ji^-. and n"*-. f denom. from 
 nnn, /otiy, inferiour. Ps. 86: 13. Job 
 41: 16. Gen. 6:16. y^.&^-niTnn 
 the lower or lowest parts of the earth, 
 inferiora., infima terrce, i. e. hades, 
 Is. 44: 23. Ps. 139: 15. In the same 
 
 Ps. 78: 26. Cant. 4: 16. Here of the 
 fern. gen. scil. nnn. Comp. pc:r. 
 
 3. a city, district and people in 
 the east of Idumea, named after 
 Vi'^Cl ^ grandson of Esau. Gen. 36: 
 
 11,15. Jer. 49 : 7, 20. Ezek. 25 : 
 13. Hab. 3: 3. Obad. 9. (as the name 
 of a people, masc. Obad. 9.) The 
 Temanites were celebrated for their 
 wisdom and their proverbs, (Jer.49: 
 7. Obad. 8. Bar. 3 : 22, 23.) hence 
 the choice of Eliphaz the Temanite, 
 as one of the speakers in the book 
 of Job, chap. 2: 11. 22: 1. The pa- 
 tronymic '^^^'^n occurs further in 
 Gen. 36: 34. ' 
 ni/Q'^ri f dec. XI. a. found only in 
 
 T T 
 
 the phrase 'ju;y"ni"\72"'n pillars of 
 smoke, Cant. 3:' 6. Joer3: 3. [2: 30.] 
 (In Talmud, isn to mount up straight 
 like a pillar, spoken of smoke ; M'^^n 
 a pillar of smoke ; columna soils vel 
 
 lunae orientis. Arab. Jy^^^ tower. 
 Kindred with l^n, H/pn a palm- 
 tree.) 
 
 sense m^njin ynN liter, terra infe- ^rj^-^-^n and tSl'^r) m. dec. I. new 
 riorum, Ezek. 26: 20. 32: 18, 24. ^i^e,' must. Gen. 27: 28 p^-:; y^M 
 
 'iJ'T^n'] a land of corn and wine, 
 Deut. '33: 28. 2 K. 18: 32. Is. 36: 
 17. Root u:*!^ to seize (the head,) 
 
 hence in Syr. (Aj^fiD new wine, lit- 
 er, intoxicating drink. 
 
 comp. nTTinn ^12 the lowest pit, 
 Ps. 88: 7. Lam. 3: 55. 
 
 ]i]nnri, fem. njinnn, idem. Josh. 
 
 18:*13. 1 K. 6: 6. 
 pD'^r) m. t-iib^n f. denom. adj. from 
 
 rynn, middle, in the middle. Ex. 26: 0")*^^ m. Gen, 10: 2. name of a north- 
 
 28. Ezek. 42: 6. 
 ^)2^T\ Is. 21: 14. Jer. 25: 23. and 
 
 j^!Qn Job 6: 19. proper name of a 
 
 country and people in the northern 
 part of Arabia deserta, on the bor- 
 ders of the Syrian desert, so called 
 
 em tribe of the race of Japheth. 
 The similarity of the names sug- 
 gests to us Thrace ; and this expla- 
 nation has been adopted by Jose- 
 phus, Jerome, Jonathan, and the Je- 
 rusalem Targum. See Bocharti Pha- 
 leg, Lib. III. cap. 2. p. 151 ff. 
 
 from Thema, a son of Ishmael, (Gen. -jj^p m, pi^r. D'^iT'^n, dec. VI. a buck. 
 
 25: 15.) - ' ' 
 
 htw^*-* ^ XI I . J- . .7 -J. he-ffoat. Prov. 30: 31. Gen. 30: 35. 
 uj T\ m. strictly what lies to the right, ^^, 
 
 (comp. 1^;;, 1^^^^;) hence 32: 15. (Arab. (J-*^-* a he-goat, roe- 
 
 1. the smth. (Comp. the note un- buck.) 
 
 der ^^inN no. 2.) Job 9:9. ns^'^n to- ^TTl m. oppression, violence. Ps. 10: 7. 
 wards the south, Ex. 26: 18, 3^27:9. ' 55: 12. Written in full ^in 72: 14. 
 
 2. poetically for the south wind. Root ^sn q. v. 
 
son 
 
 701 
 
 Prov. 22 : 2, 
 
 niDn found only in Pu. according to sage, frov. 22 : 2, we find simply 
 ^, ' T . I . . , . . , "^"^'rs^ the rich man. but with the ac- 
 
 the Jewish mterpre ers, to he joined, ^^ssory idea of oppression, 
 connected; perhaps better to rest, to ^"L^^ r i i r ^v i. 
 
 i J rv XL A 1 1 >*.. n^wD f. verbal from nbs, complete^ 
 
 be encamped, after the Arab, jrvj^i ^ .. t ,7 -r 
 
 conj. VIII. Hence Deut. 33: 3 om T^' perfection, Ps. 1 19: 96 Others : 
 ^yi^ ^3n am^ they are encamped "at ^'P' ^^ confidence, or fAe o6;6Cf th^re^ 
 thy' feet, sell the Israelites at the of from "p^n Syr. "^^l to hope, trust, 
 foot of mount Smai. ^thers read fihp;^^ f. verbal from Inbs, dec. I. 
 
 1. completion, perfection. Job 11: 
 
 ^:Dn </iey a6i6/e, (from *]in Syr, to 
 continue, abide,) hence the whole 
 clause, and they {the saints) abide by 
 thy host. 
 
 I n^'llDin f. verbal from p3, dec. X. 
 a place, seat. Job 23: 3. 
 
 II. n^'llDn f verbal from pn, dec. 
 
 X. ' 
 
 1. arrangement, structure, Ezek. 
 43: 11. i. q. n"'D3n verse 10. 
 
 2. costliness, costly apparatus. Nah. 
 2: 10. Comp. rT'JDn no. 2. 
 
 Q*^^3ri masc. plur. 1 K. 10 : 22. also 
 C^.Dnn 2 Chr. 9: 21. according to 
 the Targ. Syr. Arab. Jerome and 
 the Jewish interpreters, peacocks ; 
 according to the conjecture of oth- 
 ers, pheasants, which are common in 
 Arabia Felix, where Ophir appears 
 to be situated. It is in favour of the 
 first interpretation, that the peacock 
 on the Malabar coast is called Togei. 
 The word appears to be a foreign 
 one, and is found in none of the kin- 
 dred dialects. The Greeks have the 
 name xufag or rawg in common with 
 the Persians and Arabians, who call 
 
 the peacock (yjtXj^, hence the 
 
 7. Ps. 139: 22 ni<:^ iT^b^n the per- 
 fection of hatred^ i. e. extreme ha- 
 tred. 
 
 2. an end. Neh. 3: 21. Job 26: 10 
 ^UJn DSf nii^ ^''-.r^ ^5 ^0 where light 
 ends in darkness. 28: 3 rT^blsri-b^b 
 ^p.n i<^n into every end, i. e. into all 
 depths, he searches. 
 V\^'DT) f bluish purple, also cloth or 
 
 thread coloured therewith. Ex. 26: 4, 
 31. Num. 4: 6 ff. Ezek. 23: 6. 27: 
 7, 24. Sept. generally vaxtvd^og, 
 vaaiv&ivog, i. e. bluish purple, vio- 
 let coloured. So Jerome, Vulg. This 
 colour was procured from the juice 
 of the ]TTrn, a purple shell-fish ia 
 the Mediterranean sea, conchylium of 
 the ancients, helix ianthina, Linn. 
 This word is almost constantly join- 
 ed with ]^^'nJ<, reddish purple. See 
 Bocharti Hieroz. T. II. 720742. T. 
 III. 655686. of the Leips. edit. 
 Braun de Vestitu Sacerdot. p. 187 
 200. A. Th. Hartmann's Hebraerin, 
 Th. 3. p. 128 ff. Luther: yellow silk, 
 after Aben Ezra and R. Salomo, who 
 ascribe to the ]TT!:n a yellow colour. 
 Chald. D"'!:. See'^Bocharti Hieroz. ^^Dp^ to weigh, meiaiphoncaWy to prove, 
 
 T. II. p. 135 ff. 
 Ti'DTl an obsolete root, to oppress, rob, 
 
 i. q. bra, pt^\ (Chald. damno affe- 
 
 cit, multavit. Syr. yOL r. q. Heb. 
 
 bta.) Hence ^in, n'':D5ri. 
 Q'^iDDn masc. plur. verbal from obsol. 
 
 !jDn, oppressions, particularly of the 
 poor. Prov. 29: 13 D'lSDn "li'^W the 
 oppressor (of the poor,) the hard- 
 hearted rich man. Sept, davetavi^g. 
 Vulg. creditor. In the parallel pa^- 
 
 Prov. 
 
 6: 2 
 trieth 
 
 try, examine accurately. 
 
 Mirr'' nin^n TDh Jehovah 
 
 the spirits. 21: 2. 24. 12. 
 
 Niph. liter, to be weighed out; 
 hence to be levelled, spoken of a way, 
 and metaphorically to be right, spok- 
 en of an action, (like Tijv) Ezek. 
 18 : 25, 29 ""nNt ^yi^ l^n") fi<b the 
 way of the Lord is not right. 33: 1 7, 
 20. 1 Sam. 2: a Comp. Ijon. 
 
 Pi. "jsn 1. to weigh out, to level, 
 
 e. g. horizontal objects. Job 28: 25. 
 
 2. to measure or mete out. Is. 40: 
 
v\Vn 
 
 702 
 
 i^n 
 
 12 "who meted out heaven with the 
 span ? Parall. ^"ir, i^pUJ. 
 
 3. to fix ^ establish. Ps. 75: 4. 
 
 4. ^o Zeat^, c?iVec^. Is. 40: 13 "^'q 
 oiir; nn^-ni*{ ]3n tt'Ao directed the 
 spirit of the Lord ? Parall. -who was 
 his counsellor and taught him ? 
 
 Pu. part, weighed out, spoken of 
 money. 2 K. 12: 12. 
 
 Deriv. out of course nr^lDn no. 
 II. npbn^. 
 
 jlDri m. verbal from "jSn. 
 
 1 a task^ portion of labour meas- 
 ured out ^ pensum. Ex. 5: 18. 
 2. a measure. Ezek. 45: 11. 
 
 n'^^Sr. f. verbal from pn. 
 
 1. a measure^ pattern^ structure. 
 Ezek. 43: 10. 
 
 2. aw ornament^ beauty. Ezek. 28: 
 12 one perfecting beauty^ i. e. perfect 
 in beauty. 
 
 'n*''nDr m. Est. S: 15. a mantle., a wide 
 
 garment., here stola Medica talaris of 
 the king. (In Chald. idem.) Root 
 ^"15 in Syr. and Chald. to wrap about^ 
 to cover. 
 
 ^ rj m. with suff. ^V'.rj, verbal from bVn, 
 dec. VIII. b. a hill. Josh. 11: 13. 
 Particularly a heap of stones or rub- 
 bishy Deut. 13: 17. Josh. 8: 28. Jer. 
 49: 2. It occurs in composition with 
 the following names of places ; (l.) 
 l3"'iN Jrn {heap of ears of corn) 
 Ezek. 3: 1 5. a place in Mesopotami- 
 a, perhaps Thelabba on d'Anville's 
 Map, r Euphrate et le Tigre, be- 
 tween 36 and 37 of longitude, and 
 53 and 54 of latitude. (2.) ii'^i^n bn 
 {hill of the wood., see "iZil'n,) a place 
 in Babylonia. Ezra 2: 59. Neh. T- 
 61. (3.) nb:^ bn {a hill of salt) like- 
 wise a place in Babylonia. Ezra 2 : 
 59. Neh. 7: 61. (Names of places 
 beginning with Tel are common in 
 Assyria, Mesopotamia, and Syria.) 
 
 i^i^ri i. q. S^bn to hang., to be suspend- 
 ed., found only in the part. pass. 
 Deut. 28: 66 thy life shall be suspend- 
 ed before thee., i. e. it shall be in con 
 stant danger. Hos. 11:7 D'^N^lbn ^liV 
 "'niViitob my people are inclined to 
 
 apostasy. So in Greek i'Saotaoftal 
 rivog TTQccyfAarog., to be addicted to 
 any thing. 
 
 m^bri f. verbal from riNb, (according 
 to its form, from fi<nb, comp. nbrn 
 from !^b^',) labour., trouble., distress. 
 Ex. 18: . Num. 20: 14. Neh. 9: 32. 
 
 12li^pri f. dryness., drought. Once 
 
 Hos. 13: 5 niiw^bn y"^>\ a dry land. 
 
 I I 
 Root n^5'!: Arab. O^ and C^5 xq 
 burn., to be dry. 
 "luJwH^n 2 K. 19 : 12. and I'wbn 
 Is. 37 : 12. proper name of a 
 city in Syria or Mesopotamia. It oc- 
 curs besides only in the Jerusalem 
 Targum Gen. 14: 1, 9, for the Heb. 
 ^oVn, and in the same Targum and 
 Jonathan Gen. 10: 12, for the Heb. 
 JP."^.. But these passages do not help 
 
 us to determine its locality. If dif- 
 ferently pointed, we might explain 
 the first syllable bn by hill, which 
 occurs in the names of several Syr- 
 ian and Mesopotamian cities ; (comp. 
 bn.) The latter part might then be 
 collated with Sharra., in the desert 
 of Gezira, half a mile from the Eu- 
 phrates. 
 
 nibS^ri f- verbal from 'iiib, a gar- 
 ment., clothing. Is. 59: 17. 
 
 ^'^Tl Chald. snow^ i. q. Heb. a^.UJ. 
 Dan. 7: 9. ^ 
 
 ^pbB n?^n see SD rh^T). 
 
 n/D to hang, to suspend. In Chald. 
 
 and Syr. idem.) 2 Sam. 18: 10. Job 
 26: 7. y^Xl b? nbn to hang on a 
 stake., to crucify, a mode of executing 
 criminals among the Israelites, Deut. 
 21: 22. Persians, Est. 7: 10. 5: 14. 
 and Egyptians, Gen. 40: 19. 
 
 Niph. pass. Lam. 5: 12. 
 
 Pi. i. q. Kal. Ezek. 27: 10, 11. 
 
 Deriv. ''b.n. 
 tlD'^lpn f. verbal from l^ib no. 11. dec. 
 
 X. found only in the plur. murmur- 
 ings. Ex. 16: 7 ff. Num. 14: 27, 
 
rhn 
 
 703 
 
 n^n 
 
 Jpn m. verbal from r.bn, dec. VI. 1. 
 
 a quiver. Once Gen. 27: 3. So all 
 the ancient versions except Onk. 
 and Syr. which render it a sword. 
 The root Jlbn to hang up^ and the 
 
 context favour the former significa- 
 tion. 
 
 'ZI^'PD Chald. (denom. adj. from nVn 
 
 three,) third. Dan. 2: 39. 
 P^n to raise or ^eajo up. Part. pass. 
 
 bnbn Aig-^, exalted, aggestus, Ezek. 
 
 17 : 22. Deriv. bn a hill, a heap. 
 
 For the form bnti, see under !:nrr. 
 tl^n m. dec. VI. a. a furrow (for 
 
 seed.) Job 21: 38. 39: 10. Ps. 65: 
 1 1 . In Arab. idem. 
 
 *7'^>2^n m. verbal from ^aV, a disci- 
 ple, scholar. 1 Chr. 25: 8. (In Syr. 
 and Arab, idem.) 
 
 Pi?ri found only in the Pu.part. i>VJn^, 
 denom. from i'bin, clothed in crimson. 
 Nah. 2 : 4. For nn*bn^, see un- 
 der 12. 
 
 ni^S/D plur. fem. an armoury, a 
 
 place where weapons were hung up, 
 as on the turrets and walls of east- 
 ern cities. Cant. 4: 4. comp. Ezek. 
 27: 10, 11. Prob. compounded of 
 ^n (from nbn to hang up,) and ni'^D 
 ora, i. e. acies, comp. ~D no. 3. 
 
 n'iSVn see "l'LD>^Vr. 
 
 n7n, fem. NnVn, Chald. three, i. q. 
 
 Heb. tb'^i. Nnbn ai*" </ie third day, 
 Ezra 6: 15. Plur. "J'^n^n f/iir^y, Dan. 
 6:8,13. 
 
 TlTTl', emph. iNnbn, idem. Dan. 5 : 
 
 16,' 29. 
 
 ^rhp_ m. third. Dan. 5 : 7. The 
 
 form is in imitation of the Hebrew, 
 Elsewhere written Ti^^n. 
 
 nn, fem. Sn7an, verbal adj. from Cttn, 
 
 dec. VIII. a. integer, but used only 
 in a moral sense, innocent, blameless^ 
 upright, righteous, i. q. lU;''. Job 1: 
 1. 8: 20. 9 : 20, 21, 22. Gen. 25: 26 
 CirrrJj. iiD"' Dn uj^'n; np>;;i and Ja- 
 cob was a virtuous man, keeping at 
 home, in opposition to the ruder char- 
 acter of his brother. Used abstractly 
 in the neuter gender, innocency, up- 
 rightness, Ps. 37: 37. Fem. ^n72n my 
 innocent one, a word of endearment 
 to one beloved, Cant. 5 : 2. 6: 9. 
 
 nn,only with n paragogic Ji72n,Chald. 
 there, i. q. D'iJ. Ezra 5: 17. 6: 6, 12. 
 
 u'^'Sn masc. plur. a contraction of 
 D^JiNn doubled, double. Ex. 26 : 24- 
 36:29.' (See DNn.) 
 
 Cn m. (once Din Prov. 10: 9.) before 
 Makkeph an, with suff. ""Tan, verbal 
 from UJzn, dec. VIII. d. 
 
 1. fulness, completion. Is. 47 : 9 
 D72n3 in their fulness. Hence 
 
 2. i. q. tDibu; safety, security^ 
 prosperity. Job 21 : 23 ijan tDi2?2 
 in the midst of his prosperity. Ps. 41: 
 13. 
 
 3. in a moral sense, innocency, in- 
 tegrity, uprightness. ^:ib"tDn integ- 
 rity of heart. Gen. 20:5, 6. tZlinz rj^Jl 
 Prov. 10: 9 and iyana Ps. 26 : i. to 
 walk uprightly. 1 K.22:34 he stretch" 
 ed the bow T7arib in his innocency, i.e. 
 without aiming at any one. 2 Sam. 
 15: 11 t:373nb tZD'^^jbo going in their 
 innocency, i. e. without being privy 
 to the pains of Absalom. 
 
 4. plur. tI3"'7-?n truth, (Sept. ahj- 
 -d^sia,) joined withp-^niN light,i.e. 
 revelation, (Sept. drjlmaig,) prob. or- 
 acular images in the breast-plate of 
 the high-priest. See i^'^'^lN. 
 
 ^127) see vXt)^n. 
 
 G^'TnVri masc. plur. hanging down, j-^^jri fem. of tZDti, dec. X. innocen- 
 
 flowing, spoken of the hair. Cant. 
 
 5: 11. (In Arab. ^^^^ agitavit,iiom- 
 movit^ Goncussit.) 
 
 cy, uprightness, integrity. Job 2: 3, 9. 
 27:5. 31:6. 
 'Tl'^n to wonder^ to be astonished ; con- 
 
Wn 
 
 704 
 
 f^n 
 
 strued with b? at any thing. Ecc. 5: 
 7. Is. 13:8 ^!l^n^ :)ny'n i^fi^. UJ"'f 
 iAey /ooA: astonished one at another ; 
 comp. Gen. 34 : 22. Often with the 
 accessory idea of/ear^ Ps. 48: 6. Job 
 26: 1 1 . Jer. 4: 9. 
 
 Hithpa. idem. Hab. 1: 5. 
 
 Deriv. "jin?-]!!. 
 
 rl'Dln m. Chald. a wonder^ miracle^ 
 
 rt^ccg. Dan. 3: 32, 33. 6: 28. 
 
 "JinSn m. verbal from rr^on, dec. III. 
 
 d. astonishment^ fear^ terrour. Deut. 
 28:28, (where it is joined with nsb.) 
 Zech. 12:4. 
 
 t'^lSn w)- a deity of the Syrians, which 
 was likewise worshipped by mourn- 
 ing women among the Hebrews. E- 
 zek. 8: 14. It is the proper Syriac 
 name for the Adonis of the Greeks, 
 (i. q. "ji^ij lord.) See Creuzer's 
 Symbolik des Alterthums, Th. 2. 
 p. 86 ff. Moses Maimonides (More 
 Nebochim, in. c. 29. ed. Buxtorf,) 
 explains it, after a story of the Sa- 
 bians, for an idolatrous priest who 
 was murdered by his king, because 
 he recommended the worship of the 
 stars and the constellations. At his 
 death, it is said, all the idols of the 
 whole earth came together in one 
 night into a Babylonian temple to 
 mourn for him. See Carpzov Ap- 
 parat. ad Antiquit. Sac. Cod. p. 492. 
 
 7lSn m. adv. yesterday. Very fre- 
 quently connected with Qt;"!:'iJ the 
 day before yesterday., for formerly. 
 See DtJbuJ. Job 8:9 ^3n:& b^Tsn we 
 are of yesterday., hesterni sumus.^ as if 
 it were an adjective. Synonymous 
 with bi^ns^.. 
 
 tlDl^ri f. dec. X. Root 1^73 prob 
 i. q. Arab. (jV>c n^^^- Je <o He, de- 
 ceive. 
 
 1 . an image^Jigure.) likeness ; often 
 joined with ^D2. Ex. 20: 4. Deut. 4: 
 16, 23, 25. Job 4:16 na:b nD!i?:n 
 '^'TV an image (an airy form) moved 
 before mine eyes. 
 
 2. sight., appearance., form., (of 
 God.) Num. 12:2. Ps. 17:15. 
 
 fTTl53?1 f. (verbal from ^J)^ H?ph. io 
 exchange^) dec. X. 
 
 1. a changing., exchange. Ruth 4: 
 7. Job 28: 17 TD ""'^S rrn-j^iTsn:) and 
 the exchange of it {of wisdom) shall 
 {not) be for a jewel of fine gold. Hence 
 the thing exchanged^ Lev. 27: 10, 33. 
 
 2. recompense^ restitution^ compen- 
 satio. Job 15 : 3i n^rTn w\ro 's 
 \r\'yV2T] for vanity shall be his recomr 
 pense. 20 : 18 i^"bl in-J^72r) b'^HS 
 Db3>2 as substance to be restored.^ he 
 shall not rejoice therein. 
 
 Jin^^n f verbal from DlTS, death. 
 
 Found only in the phrase J^n17:^1"]?. 
 
 a son of death., i. e. one condemned 
 
 to die, Ps. 79:11. 102:21. 
 'I'^'DD ro. 1. subst. constant continu-- 
 
 ance. Used only as a genitive after 
 other nouns, (comp. e. g. ui^lp no. 
 1.) for a periphrasis of the adjective 
 constant., continual; as l"'?2n "'ipaN 
 men hired constantly^ Ezek. 39 : 14. 
 n''^nn~nbiy the continual, i. e. the 
 daily, or morning and evening, burni- 
 offering. Num. 28 : 6, 10, 15, 23, 24. 
 T'T^rrr Dtlb. the continual bread., i. e. 
 the shew-bread. Num. 4: 7. 
 
 2. i. q. T'72nn nbiy the daily of- 
 fering. Dan.si^ll, 12, 13. 11:31. 
 
 3. as an adv. constantly., always., 
 forever. Ps. 16:8. 25:15. 34:2. The 
 
 root "1^72 is prob. kindred with 'l^D, 
 ^n:, and signifies i. q. D^iTa to move 
 along., to proceed., continue., hence 
 continuance; comp. ^5? from ri'l^, 
 ^:jl, and the Chald. Nn""in from 
 
 D'^yQn, fem. Jl'a'^wn, verbal adj. from 
 
 D^n, dec. III. a. 
 
 1 . complete., whole. Lev. 3: 9. 25: 
 30. Josh. 10: 13. 
 
 2. without blemish., sound., uninjur- 
 ed^ integer., spoken of sacrificial vic- 
 tims. Ex. 12: 5. Lev. 1: 3. Spoken 
 of persons, sound., whole., Prov. 1: 12. 
 
 3. perfect. D'^i'T D^?3n perfect in 
 knowledge, Job 36 : 4. 37: 16. Ps. 
 19: 8. 
 
L^n 
 
 705 
 
 Mil 
 
 4. most frequently in a moral 
 sense, blameless, innocent, upright. 
 Gen. 6:9. 17:1. ^"^.^-'^^.''Tqn they 
 that are of a blameless walk, Ps. 119: 
 1. biJ5 Qj? D''^n blameless towards 
 God, i. e. entirely devoted to him, 
 Deut. 18: 13. Ps. 18:24. (In 2 Sam. 
 22: 24, with b.) Comp. ub;^ nos. 4,5. 
 
 5. suhst. innocency, uprightness, 
 sincerity, as if the neuter of the adj. 
 Josh. 24: 14. Jud^. 9: 16, 19. Hence 
 D''72n3 ^brr Ps. 84: 12. and Y-^ 
 tZD'^^n Ps. 15:2. to walk uprightly. 
 1 Sam. 14: 41 D'^^n t^lrt give truth. 
 
 *!j5Dn /ut. ^)ani. 
 
 1. to lay hold of; construed with 
 an accus. Gen. 48: 17. with 2, Pror. 
 28:17. 5: 5. ' 
 
 2. to hold, to hold fast, construed 
 with an accus. Am. 1 : 5, 8. Meta- 
 phorically Prov. 4: 4. 
 
 3. to obtain, acquire, e. g. honour. 
 Prov. 11:16. 29:23. 
 
 4. to keep up, to support, constru- 
 ed with 2. Ex. 17: 12 they supported 
 his hands.' Spoken of God, to sup- 
 port, uphold, construed with 2, Ps. 
 41: 13. 63:9. with an accus. Ps.l6:5. 
 
 5. recipr. as if in Niph. to hold to- 
 gether, to follow each other. Job 36: 
 17 nSTan-; ^^-pm l'"'^ crime and pun- 
 ishment Jollow each other. Comp. T^^^ 
 and 15^ Hithpa. 
 
 NiphT pass, to be holden. Prov.5:22. 
 
 D^n, fut. Dh";, rarely dnn'^ Ezek. 
 
 47^ 12. Dnn Ezek. 24: 11. Dn-'J?. Ps. 
 
 19: 14. plur. in pause !|n" Ps.l02: 28. 
 
 1. to be finished, completed. 1 K. 6: 
 22. 7: 22. D7:ri ny till they were fin- 
 ished, Deut. 31:24,30. 
 
 2. trans, to complete, finish, i. q. 
 M^3 no. 1. Ps. 64: 7 ^:73n wt have 
 completed it. Hence with ): before 
 an infin. to finish an action, Josh. 5: 
 8. 3:17. 4:1,11. 
 
 3. to be ended, to be past, to eease, 
 spoken particularly of time. Gen. 
 47: 18. Ps. 102:28 ^^n^. Nb ':]'^ni2U3 
 thy years cease not. Ezek. 47: 12 fi^bT 
 i'''ns tain") and the fruit thereof shall 
 not cease, Deut. 34: 8. 
 
 4. to be complete or in full number. 
 1 Sam. 16: 1 1 tZS-'^ysri JiTann are thy 
 children all here ? Num. 17: 13. Gen. 
 47: 18 'S^JC bi< PlD^rr On DJ< if our 
 money is all spent (and given) to my 
 lord. Jer. 27:8. 
 
 5. to be consumed, i.q. Hbls no.4. Jec. 
 36:23. 37:21. Gen. 47:15. 
 
 6. ta be destroyed, to perish, i. q. 
 nb3 no. 6. Num. 32: 13 -^3 Dh "l^ 
 'Dl'lTl till the whole generation was de- 
 stroyed. Josh. 5: 6. Jer.27:8. n73ri 1^ 
 
 1 K. 14: 10. and D73n n^ Deut 2:15. 
 Josh. 8: 24. to his or their entire de- 
 struction. (Elsewhere ^^3"^5, see 
 JlVs no. 4.) 
 
 7. to be innocent, blameless, to 
 appear innocent. Ps. 19: 14. Comp. 
 Hiph. no. 6. 
 
 Niph. fut. plur. ^iTan*;, to be 
 destroyed, annihilated, i. q. Kal 
 no. 6. Num. 14 : 35. Ps. 104 : 35. 
 Jer. 14: 15. 
 
 Note. The fut. Dn;) has also 
 been considered as a fut. Niph. 
 (comp. 'Ta'rn, ''^^^1,) but this form 
 has the significations only of Kal 
 nos. 1, 2,3,4.-^ TDn*^ on the contrary is 
 rather passive like no.6. to be destroy- 
 ed. There is another plural form 
 riJ2r}\ (Deut. 34 : 8. Ps. 102: 28,) 
 which is evidently Kal. See Kal 
 no. 3. 
 
 Hiph. tanlrt (once infin. rf^Tilrr, 
 
 as if from tnin,) fut. t=3n^ 
 
 1 . intrans. to be complete or in full 
 number. Dan. 8: 23 d":^'iJsn dnJiS 
 
 . J - T J 
 
 when their sins shall be full, liter. 
 when they shall be full sinners. 9 : 24 
 Keri. Ezek. 24 : 10 'lU52n tanrt 
 that the flesh may be ready. 
 
 2. trans.<o complete, execute, finish, 
 
 2 Sam. 20: 18. 
 
 3. to end, leave off, cease. Is. 33 : 1 
 *TliD 'tj^'^niis when thou hast ceased 
 to spoil. 
 
 4. to cause to cease; construed with 
 "^12, to remove, Ezek. 22: 15. 
 
 5. to count up^ i. q. &!:U^'. 2 K. 
 22:4. "' - 
 
n:an 
 
 706 
 
 "Din 
 
 6. in a moral sense, to keep blame- 
 less oy upright J oh22:3 '^'^.'^'l DI?.n "^3 
 if thou keepest thy way blameless. 
 
 Hithpa. tZD/anr: to treat with up- 
 rightness, construed withD^\ Ps. 18: 
 26. 
 
 Deriv. tz:r, dn, ts^^n, :h72. 
 
 'j^nseep^^'P. 
 
 12. The maidens received into the 
 harem of the Persian king under- 
 went a course of purification and an- 
 ointing with perfumes for twelve 
 months ; hence 
 
 2. precious ointments for purifica- 
 tion. Est. 2: 3, 9. 
 
 3. metaphorically means of puri- 
 fication or amendment. Prov. 20 : 30 
 
 iHD^Gn proper name of a city in the r ^^1* ^^^ , , , ^ 
 
 ^ . 1. y^ ]" ]yi1 masc. plur. verbal trom 
 
 tribe of Judah. Josh. 15:10,57. 2 Chr. , . - - 
 
 28: 18. In Greek Sa^ivu. ^^'^.^ bitternesses. D^-}T "l^n ^IDS bitter 
 
 :^2l2n f proper name of the concubine ^^'P^^g; Jf f"- 31- ^S ^' fn' i ."^''^'' 
 * r as an adv. bitterly ., Hos. 12: 15. 
 
 fo^oI^^^P^l^^'^'V^I'^'''^^'''^^^'' ^^' nnntn masc. plur. erect pil- 
 12,22. 1 Chr. 1:39. She gave name ' -. - 
 
 to one of the Edomitish tribes, Gen. ^(^rs, probably for way-marks. Jer. 
 
 36: 40. 1 Chr. 1: 51. 31: 21. Corap. o^^^n and the Arab. 
 
 nriD^n f. proper name of a city in the ^ ^ \^> ?. ^ -^ i .'T 
 
 ^"^ ' r ^'^w , Sa ft./0v3 d tower 
 
 territory of the Philistines, Judg. 14: ^^ ^^ 
 
 1. which was assigned to the tribe p'^l/DJl i. q. pT^72n Prov. 20:30 Ketli. 
 of Dan, Josh. 19:43. In Greek 6'aiW- ' '* . ' " 
 
 va{^u, 1 Mace. 9:50. Hence the ]?! or irim. found only in the plur. 
 gentile noun ^:73ri Judg. 1 5: 6. tZJisn and ]"3n, a jackal, a wild dog, 
 
 Din nD^P Judg. 2: 9. for which we otherwise called"'i<. A mournful noise 
 
 find nnc-n:?3n Josh.l9: 50. 24: 30. 
 a city in mount Ephraim. See Re- 
 landi Palaestina, p. 1043. 
 D/Qn m. verbal from DD73, a dissolving, 
 
 melting, wasting away. Ps. 58 : 9. 
 Comp. under the art. i^^lrl^'I?. 
 l!Qn m- dec. IV. a. 1. a palm-tree, a 
 
 T T 
 
 date-palm, phosnix dactylifera. Joel 
 1:12. iZD-^n^nn l^i? the city of 
 palms, see under the art. 1''^. 
 
 2. proper name of a place on the 
 southern boundary of Palestine. E- 
 zek. 47:19. 48:28. 
 
 n'DD m. a palm-tree, or perhaps ajnl- 
 
 lar. Comp. STn^^-^n. Jer. 10: 5. 
 rnbri f. plur. D''-^;3n Ezek. 41: 18. 
 
 T 
 
 and nT*l'72n, dec. X. a palm-branch, 
 an ornament in architecture, comp. 
 ^izn. 1 K. 6: 29, 32,35. Ezek. 41:18, ^ 
 191' 
 p^lt^ri m.plur. tzi^i5':?,^r:, verbal from P'''''''^'^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^' Hos.8:10 
 
 is attributed to it, (Job 30: 29. Mic. 
 1: 8.) it inhabits desolate places, (is. 
 13:22. 43:20. 34: 13.) hence =iip?3 
 to-'Sn Ps. 44 : 20. and ^''Sn ]ii??2 
 Jer. 9: 10. 10: 22. 49: 33. the dwelling 
 of jackals, i. e. the desert. In Jer. 
 14: 6, they are said to snuif up the 
 air ; and in Lam. 4:3, to suckle their 
 
 young. (In Arab. (J^-^-S-* a wolf, a 
 
 kindred species of animal. Comp. 
 the articles ^Nip, t=lJ<^.) According 
 to Bochart (Hieroz. II.\p. 429.) the 
 "ZZTiyi are the same with the D'^^'^sn 
 great serpents, sea monsters, like 
 )i)lib ; but with this several of the 
 notices given above do not agree ; 
 e. g. Lam. 4: 3, where the whale 
 race cannot be intended, for fierce 
 ravenous animals are certainly spok- 
 en of in that verse. 
 on i' q* 1^!!^ ^(^ give, to distribute 
 
 P'^i^a, dec. I. 
 
 to'^ii^nnsn'; ''S a.n although they 
 give gifts among the nations. Oth- 
 
 1. a pttrification, cleansing. Est. 2: ers read ^2n''^ from "jris. 
 
xn 
 
 707 
 
 Zi:t\ 
 
 Pi. to praise^ to celebrate ; constru- 
 ed with an accus. Judg. 5: 11. with 
 ^,11: 40. (In Chald. "'Sn i. q. ^25 
 to relate. Arab. . VS conj. IV. laude 
 
 celehravit.) 
 
 Hiph. i. q. Kal. Hos. 8 : 9 CD'J'^SN 
 
 tD'^^JlN ^"nn Ephraim hires foreign 
 
 alliances. 
 
 Deriv. tizni^^ )i^.^.' 
 tltlTi found only in the plur. ni-n f. 
 
 Mai. 1: 3. according to the Sept. 
 
 Syr. dwellings^ com p. Arab. ^\XS 
 
 a dwelling. According to others, 
 
 i. q. LD^li^ jackals. 
 ni^^Dn f. verbal from J<^:, dec. X. 
 
 1. a forsaking., withdrawing. Num. 
 14: 34 riNi:n-ni5 tZDr:^'l"; ye shall 
 
 know what it is for me to forsake you. 
 
 2. hostility. Job 33 : 10 niJ?i:ri ]Jl 
 ^^721 ''^^ behold.^ he seeketh hostility 
 against me. (Root i<^D Arab, to rise 
 up as an enemy against a person.) 
 
 riDIDn f verbal from :2:i:, dec. X. 
 
 fruit, produce.) increase., proventus. 
 
 Deut. 32: 13. Judg. 9: 1 1. Lam. 4: 9. 
 
 "n^^DD m. joined with ]tN, the tip of the 
 
 ear. Ex. 29: 20. Lev. 8: 23, 24. 14: 
 14. Root '!]2n in Syr. Ethpe. desiit, 
 defecit. 
 
 n^^jn f. verbal from an:, dec. X. 
 
 sleep, slumber. Job 33 : 15. Particu- 
 larly from laziness or inactivity, 
 Prov.6:10. 24:33. Ps. 132:4. 
 ri&'^!3Jn f- verbal from P1T3 , dec. X. 
 
 1 . a moving this way and that way, 
 a shaking, waving ; e. g. of the hand. 
 Is. 19: 16, (as a gesture of threaten- 
 ing.) 30: 32 nD:i3n nin'::XJ tumul- 
 tuous wars, bella agitationis. 
 
 2. a waving or moving this way 
 and that way before Jehovah, a cere- 
 mony in the consecration of offerings; 
 hence what is consecrated in this man- 
 ver ; e. g. lnDl3f} nTH the wave- 
 breast, Ex. 29:27. ' Lev. 7: 34. n^t 
 ^^Dnsn^T the consecrated goldj Ex. 38: 
 24, 
 
 j'^Dln m. a baking oven. Ex.7: 28. [8: 
 
 3.] Lev. 2: 4. 7:9. 11 : 35. In the 
 east it often consists only of a large 
 conical pot, which is first heated and 
 then cakes are baked on its sides 
 Jahn's bibl. Archiiol. Th.I. B. 1. p. 
 213. and B. 2. p. 182. Beckmann's 
 Beytrage zur Geschichte der Er- 
 findungen, Th. 11. p. 419. In a sim- 
 ilar way the ^Upavog of <he Greeks 
 appears to have been formed. See 
 Schneider sub voce. (Prob. com- 
 pounded of ]nn:< Chald. an oven^nA 
 ^y^^Jire.) 
 W'^'nyn^Tl masc. plur. verbal from 
 dn3, dec. L 
 
 1. consolations, comfort. Is. 66:1 L 
 Jer. 16: 7. 
 
 2. pity, compassion. Ps. 94: 19. 
 rillDin^rif. plur. verbal from DtiS 
 
 dec. X. consolations. Job 15: 11.21:2. 
 D'^Stn masc.sing. Ezek.29:3. a great ser- 
 pent,a sea monster, i.q. 'J'^sn, which is 
 the reading of several MSS. 
 
 I'^Dri m. plur. C:."^:!], dec. I. 
 
 1 . a great fish, a sea monster.Gen. 1 : 
 21. Job 7:12. Is. 27: 1. 
 
 2. a serpent, Ex. 7: 9 ff. Deut. 32: 
 33. Ps. 91: 13. a dragon, Jer. 51: 34. 
 also a crocodile, comp. Ezek. 29: 3. 
 Comp. the article ]n. 
 
 y_2Tl Chald. second.^ Bsin. ':-. 6. It 
 is derived from n2\D Chald. insn to 
 double. (The Chaldaic word for 
 two is 'j''^n q. V.) 
 
 in'ID'^Dn adv. a second time, again. "Dan, 
 2:^7. 
 
 npipDD f. L Lev. 11: 30. an unclean 
 
 quadruped, mentioned in connexion 
 with several species of lizards, ac- 
 cording to Bochart (Hieroz. T. I. p. 
 1083.) the chameleon, from d'y3 to 
 breathe, it being supposed by the an- 
 cients to live solely on the air which 
 it inhales. Sept. Vulg. a mole. Saad. 
 lacerta Gecko. 
 
 2. Lev. 11 :18. Deut. 14: 16. an 
 unclean water-fowl. Se^pt.no^fvgicov^ 
 the sea-gull. Vulg. the swan. Syr, a 
 
wn 
 
 708 
 
 :7t\ 
 
 species of heron. Perhaps the peli- 
 can^ from fi'l}", with reference to the 
 inflation or expansion of its pouch. 
 25?n in Kal not used. Comp.i^Jn no.II. 
 
 Pi. H^n 1. to loathe^ abominate^ 
 abhor. Deut. 7: 26. Job 9: 31. 19:19. 
 Ps. 5: 7. 
 
 2. to make to be abhorred^ to pol- 
 lute. Ezek. 16: 25. Is. 49 :7 "nrn^ 
 ^iij he that pollutes or is supposed to 
 pollute the people^ i. e. the abhorred 
 of the people. 
 
 Hiph. to make abominable or shame- 
 ful. Ps. 14: 1 rib^'^hy ^J^^^^nri they 
 make their actions abominable , i. e. 
 they act abominably. Hence Avith- 
 out nb'^7,? in the same sense, 1 K. 
 21: 26' Ezek. 16: 52. Comp. rT'nuJn, 
 
 Niph.pass. to be an aversion, abhor- 
 rence. 1 Chr. 21 : 6. Job 15: 16. Is. 
 14: 19. 
 Deriv. tli^in. 
 n5?n, fut 5i:?n";, apoc. rn\ 
 
 1. to wander about. Gen. 21 : 14. 
 37: 15. Ex. 23: 4. Construed with 
 an accus. to wander through a place, 
 Is. 16: 8. 21: 4 *nn"r nrn my heart 
 is giddy or disquieted. 28: 7 ]73 ^:rn 
 '^D^i51^ they are giddy from intoxica- 
 ting drink. 
 
 2. construed with ^52, <o wander 
 from., e.g. the commands of God. Ps. 
 
 119: 110. comp. Prov. 21: 16. With 
 nin^ '?^. from the worship of God, 
 
 Ezek. 44: 10, 15. with nirr; ':infi^73 
 Ezek. 14: 11. Hence used absolute- 
 ly, to go astray, (from the path of 
 virtue and religion,) Ps. 58: 4. Ezek. 
 48: 11. nnfe "ym Ps. 95: 10. and "^yh 
 n^in the erring in heart, the foolish. 
 Is. 29: 24. (Chald. r^Sp^ by a com- 
 mutation of n and 12, to practise idol- 
 atry ; in Syr. to cherish heretical opin- 
 ions!) 
 
 3. to be unfortunate, to be wretched ; 
 comp. ^lij. Prov. 14: 22. 
 
 Niph. 1. to stagger, to be giddy. Is. 
 19: 14. 
 
 2. to err, to go astray, in a moral 
 sense. Job 15: 31. 
 
 Hiph. fut. apoc. 3?n^. 
 
 1. to cause to wander. Job 12: 24. 
 Ps. 107: 40. to cause to stagger. Job 
 12: 25. 
 
 2. to lead astray, e. g. a flock. Jer. 
 50: 6. Metaphorically to seduce, e. g. 
 a people. Is. 3: 12. 9:15. particular- 
 ly to idolatry, 2 K. 21: 9. Constru- 
 ed with 1X3, to seduce from the right 
 way. Is. 63: 17. 
 
 3. prob. intrans. Jer. 42: 20 Keri 
 t2^."'n"iUD2S t3n^^;nn ye err at the 
 expence of your lives. It appears also 
 to be intrans. Prov. 10: 17. 
 
 Deriv. nsiin. 
 
 T 
 
 fl'l N^^n f. verbal from TJ?. 
 
 1. a precept or doctrine from God, 
 an oracle, synonymous with nnin 
 no. 1. Is. 8: 16, 20. See "IV Hiph. 
 nos. 4, 5. 
 
 2. a law, custom, usage. Ruth 4: 7. 
 Comp. pji no. 4. 
 
 nP^ri f const. n'r:?n, verbal from 
 nby, (like rrNbn, from n^V, per- 
 haps strictly from b^ = J^Vr :) dec. 
 X. 
 
 1. a channel, trench. 1 K. 18: 32. 
 Job 38: 25 ^\^r, 5)p.U?b :i55 ^73 who 
 divided to the shower its channel F 
 i. e. who led it through the air to 
 all countries ? Hence a conduit, a 
 water-course. Is. 7: 3. 36: 2. Ezek. 
 31: 4. 
 
 2. a plaster or bandage for a wound. 
 Jer. 30: 13. 46: 11. Comp. n\^1l 
 SlS"!?.^. to lay on a plaster or bandage, 
 Jer. 30: 17. 33: 6. 
 
 tD'^i? V?ri masc. plur. dec. L 
 
 1. an evil destiny , which befals a 
 person. Is. 66 : 4. See b'^y no. I. 
 Po. 
 
 2. Is. 3: 4. i. q. V;!:?, bn^ a child, 
 a babe. The abstract form is used 
 for the concrete, like the Germ. Kin- 
 dereyen for Kinder. 
 
 T\l2b^T)_ f. verbal from tzi^y, dec. X. 
 
 what is hid or concealed. Job 28: 11. 
 Plur. secrets. Job 11: 6. Ps. 44: 22. 
 
 5'1D?ri, plur. ta**- and ni, from 53?, 
 
 dec. I. 
 
T\7n 
 
 m 
 
 ^sn 
 
 1. pleasure, luxurioumess. Mic. 2: 
 9. Prov. 19: 10. 
 
 2. delight, desire. Mic. 1: 16 "'.-.a 
 ^^^:i."n the children of thy delight, 
 i. e. who are thy delight. In refer- 
 ence to sexual desire, Cant. 7 : 7. 
 Ecc. 2: 8. 
 
 T\^'2^T\ f- dec. I. self-mortijicaiion, fas- 
 ting, Ezra 9: 5. See ns:? no. 3. 
 *rjD3?n Josh. 21: 25. 1 Chr. 7: 29. and 
 
 *^^?.n '^^^^" 12- ^^- ^^^S- 1: 27. a city 
 in the tribe of Manasseh, on this 
 side of the Jordan. 
 
 5^^ri in Kal not used. 
 
 Pilp. 5ri3?n to mock, deride. Gen. 
 27: 12. So most of the ancient ver- 
 sions. The signification to deceive 
 would suit the context better, and is 
 also well adapted to the derivative 
 G'^^nyn. This meaning may be de- 
 rived from the former, (comp. rn!l 
 to deride and to deceive ;) or may be 
 borrowed from the root tl^Ti to err. 
 
 T T 
 
 Hithpalp. to mock, deride. 2 Chr. 
 36: 16. 
 
 Deriv. l3*'i?nrn. 
 n'lt!3]S3?n fem. plur. strength. Ps. 68: 
 
 36. Root &^:^. 
 ^^Sn m. with suff. "^"li'n, dec. VI. c. 
 
 1. a sharp knife, a razor. Num. 6: 
 5. 8: 7. Is. 7: 20. ^Dbri -|^n the 
 writer^s knife, prob. used to sharpen 
 the point of his calamus, Jer. 36:23. 
 
 2. the sheath (of a sword.) 1 Sam. 
 17: 51. Ezek. 21: 8, 10,35. Jer. 47: 
 6. Root prob. tTl5 to be hare. Pi. 
 to make bare, to empty out, perhaps 
 synonymous with p'^')T\ to empty 
 out and to draw (a sword from its 
 sheath.) Or perhaps, nudans cutem. 
 "nyn stands for trji'n a verbal 
 from the conj. Piel. (See Gesenius' 
 Lehrgeb. 121. p. 508.) 
 
 n^'ll^^ri f. verbal from ^^V no. I. 3. 
 
 dec. X. suretiship. 2 K. 14 : 14 "*:a 
 
 Min^ri hostages. 
 
 S'^^^r^ri masc. plur. Jer. 10: 15. 51: 
 18. Spoken of idols, to ''>wn Jit)5?/g 
 
 Jerome: opus risu dignum. Better, 
 a work of deceit, see the root y^n. 
 t'jin m. plur. u2^Dn, dec. VIII. d. 
 
 1. the tabret or kettle-drum o the 
 orientals, consisting of a broad hoop, 
 with a skin stretched over it, and 
 round metallic plates on the bor- 
 der. It was played upon particularly 
 by dancing women. Ex. 15: 20. 
 Judg.ll:34. Jer.31:4. (comp. Ps. 68: 
 26.) Comp. Niebuhr's Reise, Th. 1. 
 p. 181. 
 
 2. Ezek. 28: 13. a casket, tympa- 
 num gemmcE. Comp. ip.3. 
 
 rn^n f- more frequently rrni^Dn, 
 
 with suff. ^n^Msn, verbal from *^i{D, 
 dec. XIII. a. " " 
 
 1. ornament, splendour, beauty. Ex. 
 28. 2, 40. Is. 3: 18. 52: 1 '^'1^3 
 =T'?.'l^^n ^^y beautiful garments. 
 Ezek. 16: 17. Prov. 28 : 12 yby? 
 nni<3n nsn a''j?'''^: when the right- 
 eous rejoice, there is much splendour, 
 i. e. the garments of joy are put on. 
 
 2. glory, praise, honour. Judg. 4: 
 9. rr^ii^Dn lD'iD a glorious name. Is. 
 63: 14.' is. 10: 12. 13: 19 n^Ncn 
 tD^T^'S ]TNa the glory of the pride 
 of the Chaldeans, i. e. the city Bab- 
 ylon. Hence 
 
 3. spoken of the mercy seat, as 
 the seat of the glory of Jehovah. 
 Ps. 78: 61. Comp. t3> no. 3. 
 
 n'^En m. (verbal from HDi to breathe, 
 
 also to emit fragrance, comp. Cant. 
 7: 9.) dec. I. 
 
 1. an apple. Cant. 7: 9. Prov. 25: 
 
 5. /.^ 
 
 11. (Arab. ^^-^ iWcm, but including 
 also citrons, peaches, apricots.) 
 
 2. an apple-tree. Cant. 2: 3. 8: 5. 
 
 3. proper name of a city in the 
 tribe of Judah. Josh. 12: 17. 15: 34, 
 
 4. also of a city on the bounds of 
 the tribes Ephraim and Manasseh. 
 Josh. 16: 8. 
 
 iljSiSin f. verbal from Y^3, dec. X. a 
 
 scattering, dispersion. Jer. 25 : 34. 
 But the reading is doubtful, see the 
 note under y^3. 
 
 D'^^'^SDn masc. plur. dec. I. only Lev. 
 
^sn 
 
 710 
 
 nan 
 
 6:14. [6:^1. ]ipT6b.small pieces^ crumbs. 
 It is then derived from 1?^ i. q. 
 JSM Arab, /^vif diminuit^ perhaps 
 
 comminuit. Sept. in several MSS. 
 *^f/xr, bruised. The following" words 
 CnS ^Hj^. (as) a meat-offering in 
 pieces., appear to be explanatory. 
 Others derive it from ti5N to bake. 
 So the Sept. in the common text 
 
 I. t^ED m. W/ai iV unseasoned or ww- 
 
 savoury. Job 6 : 6. Metaphorically 
 
 uihat is insipid.^ foolish., absurd, Lam. 
 
 2: 14. See npcn. (Arab. VJCS to be 
 
 unseasoned; in Chald. to be unsalt- 
 ed.) 
 
 II. ^Sri m. Zzme, u'^iic-wo^A, to spread 
 over walls. Ezek. 13: 10 ff. 22: 28. 
 (Arab. JIAL, Chald. b"^DlD idem, 
 by a commutation oft: and n.) 
 
 7>ri name of a place in the desert. 
 Once Deut. 1:1. 
 
 il^^ri f- i. q. '?Sn no. I. what is insip- 
 id^ absurd, foolish. Job 1: 22. 24: 12. 
 Jer. 23: 13. 
 
 n^SD f- (verbal from Vrs Hithpo. to 
 pray,) dec. X. a prayer. Ps. 4: 2, 6, 
 10. Ps. 109: 4 ln"i?Dn "^^NiT for "d^nt 
 lr/:rsn 'li'^N and I prayed (for them.) 
 109 : 7. inbcn fi<U): Is. 37 : 4. and 
 ^^Vc^^ bV.?nri Neh. 1: 6. orare pre- 
 ces. It is used in the superscriptions 
 of Psalms XVII. lxxxvi. xc. cii. cxlii. 
 and in Ps. 72: 20, the Psalms i. 
 Lxxii. are included under the gener- 
 al name of 11"^ nVcn the prayers of 
 David. Since many of these compo- 
 sitions are not properly prayers, it 
 is evident that the word must have 
 been used in a broader sense ; and 
 that it denotes 
 
 2. an ode, song of praise. So Hab. 
 3: 1. Also the verb b^.snri is used 
 1 Sam. 2: 1, more in the sense of 
 praising God, than of praying to 
 him. 
 
 n2;^.^.n, f. (verbal from ybQ Hithpa.) 
 
 dec. XIII. a. fear, terrotnr. Jer. 49: 
 16 '^n^^'ron the fear of thee. 
 npSDFl Thapsacus,\\iG. proper name of 
 
 a considerable city on the western 
 bank of the Euphrates, which farm- 
 ed the limit of the kingdom of Solo 
 mon to the northeast. It had its name 
 from riDS transiit, since at this place 
 there was a celebrated passage of 
 the Euphrates. 1 K. 5 : 4. [4 : 24.] 
 Perhaps also 2 K. 15: 16, which 
 some suppose to be a different place 
 situated nearer Samaria. 
 USSn to smite, strike, e. g. the tabret. 
 
 PsIeS: 26. 
 
 Po. to beat (on the' heart or breast.) 
 Nab. 2: 8. 
 
 Deriv. P|h. 
 ^Sln to sew together. Gen. 3: 7. Ecc. 
 
 3: 7. Job 16: 15. 
 
 Pi. idem. Ezek. 13: 18. 
 toSrii fut. 'iDSn'', . 1. to lay hold of; 
 construed with an accus. Gen. 39: 
 12. 1 K. 18: 40. with z, Deut. 9 : 
 17. Is. 3: 6. 
 
 2. to take prisoner, 2 K. 7: 12. to 
 take or capture (a city,) Josh. 8: 8. 
 Deut. 20: 19. hence to have posses- 
 sion of, to hold, tenere, Jer. 40: 10. 
 
 3. to hold, handle, guide, manage ; 
 e. g. the sickle, Jer. 50: 16. the bow, 
 Amos 2: 15. Jer. 46: 9. the oar, 
 Ezek. 27:29. the harp, Gen.4: 21. 
 the law, Jer. 2: 8. 
 
 4. &"'ln"bN!. fr^ toen Prov. 30: 9. 
 to take in vain the name of God, i. e. 
 to deny or abjure him ; comp. 'iitTD 
 in the first member. 
 
 5. to set, enchase. Part. pass. t5?l5n 
 !2tlT inlaid or overlaid with gold, Hab. 
 2:'l9. Comp. im 1 K. 6: 10. 
 
 Niph. pass, of Kal no. 2. to be ta- 
 ken. Ezek. 19: 4, 8. Jer. 50: 46. Ps. 
 10: 2. 
 
 Pi. i. q. Kal no. 1. to touch. Prov. 
 30: 28. 
 DDJI f. 1. T^hat causes loathing or vom- 
 iting, an abhorrence. (Root Chald. 
 Pj^n to spit out.) Job 17: 6 n^.h 
 li'^X)^. Q'^^sb liter. / was an abhor- 
 rence before them. 
 
ipn 
 
 ?ii 
 
 3?pn 
 
 2- a place in or near the valley 
 of Hinnom, celebrated as the seat of 
 Idolatry, particularly of the worship 
 of Moloch. 2 K. 23: 10. Jer. 7: 31, 
 32. 19: 6, 13, 14. With He^ardgog- 
 ic JlDDD, Is. 30: 33. 
 i^'^DSD plur. Chald. name of certain 
 
 officers or magistrates among the 
 Chaldeans, prob. lawyers or judges. 
 Dan. 3:2, 3. (In Arab. conj. IV. 
 x^^CJ) io pass sentence^ to give coun- 
 sel ; hence /_aJLc ^ mufti^ liter, a 
 
 "Wise counsellor. Others : provincial 
 officers^ from 'nss, Slijns the plain., 
 the country. Sept. ol In i'^ovGiiuv. 
 Vulg. prcefecti. 
 Jnlpri f- dec. X. 1. i. q. 1J^ a con/, /ine. 
 
 Josh. 2: 18, 21. The root ll]^ ap- 
 pears to have had the signification of 
 twisting^ whence that of strength was 
 derived, (as in >^n, V";)!.) 
 
 2. 071 expectation^ hope., from trip. 
 Ruth 1: 12. Job 5: 16. 7: 6. Zech. 
 9: 12 nji^njl "'VON prisoners of 
 hope. Also i^e o6;ec^ of hope or eo:- 
 pectation.. Job 6: 8. 
 
 ntJ^pn f CL withstanding., resisting. 
 . Lev. 26: 37. Root d^p no. 2. 
 Qtllpin m. dec. VII. b. i. q. d^.ipn^ 
 
 one that rises up., an enemy. Ps. 139: 
 21. 
 ^ipri proper name of a village, south- 
 east of Jerusalem, near which the 
 great desert commenced, (hence 
 ^ipn '^z'rn 2 Chr. 20: 20. comp. 
 1 Mace. 9 : 33.) the birth-place of 
 the prophet Amos. 2 Sam. 14:2. 
 
 1 Chr. 2: 24. Jer. 6: 1. Amos 1: 1. 
 In Greek Sa^me 1 Mace. 9: 33. Re- 
 landi Palaestina, p. 1028. 
 
 iD'^pln f (verbal from >]!)p i. q. jqpj 
 
 no. I.) dec. X. a going round., a cir- 
 cuit ; e. g. of the sun. Ps. 19: 7. 
 IXy^Tl nsnpnb at the end of the year., 
 
 2 Chr. 24 : 23. comp. Ex. 34 : 22, 
 where the b is wanting. nsnpnb 
 C^^.^il at the end of the time (of preg- 
 nancy,) 1 Sam. 1: 2p. 
 
 fpp J1 m. adj. verbal from 5)pn, strongs 
 
 mighty. Ecc. 6: 10. 
 5r|*^pn m. Chaid. verbal from ;|pn. 
 
 1. hard., strong. Dan. 2: 40, 42. 
 
 2. mighty. Dan. 3: 33. [4: 3.] 
 ^pri Ciiald. to weigh., i. q. Heb. bp'Oi. 
 
 Part. pass, bp.n for b^pn weighed., 
 
 Dan. 5: 25. Pret. Peil to he weighed., 
 
 5: 27. 
 Ipn to be ov become straight. A later 
 
 Aramean word. Ecc. 1:15. Comp. 
 
 the kindred verb "jDn in Pi. 
 
 Pi. 1 . to make straight. Ecc. 7 : 
 
 13. 
 2. joined with D'^blZiT:, aptare., ador- 
 
 nare parabolas. Ecc. 12: 9. 
 Ipn Chald. idem. Hoph. (with the 
 
 Hebrew inflection,) to be restored., re- 
 established. Dan. 4: 33. [4: 36.] 
 ^pjn 1- ^0 strike., smite., clap; partic- 
 ularly with Tp the hand., and that 
 (1.) as a sign of joy. Ps. 47: 2. (2.) 
 as a sign of malicious joy and scorn, 
 construed with b? over a person. 
 Nab. 3: 19. (3.) as a sign of becom- 
 ing surety. Prov. 17 : 18. 22 : 26. 
 With \ following of the person for 
 whom,' Prov. 6: 1. Also without P]5 
 in the same sense, Prov. 11: 15. 
 
 2. to smite or drive in., e. g, a nail. 
 Judg. 4: 21. Is. 22: 23, 25. Hence 
 to fasten by nailing., 1 Sam. 31 : 10. 
 1 Chr. 10: 10. Judg. 16: 14. Hence 
 also btiN 5>pn to pitch or strike a 
 tent., scil. by driving in the tent-pins, 
 Gen. 31: 25. Jer. 6: 3. 
 
 3. to thrust in., e. g. a spear, sword, 
 Judg. 3: 21. 2 Sam. 18: 14. Hence 
 to cast or throw., e. g. into the sea, 
 Ex. 10: 19. 
 
 4. to blow with a trumpet; construed 
 with a of the instrument, Num. 10: 
 3, 4, 8. without z, Ps. 81:4. Jer. 4: 
 5. 6 : 1. 51 : 27. 'In Num. 10: 6, 7, 
 IsViJ S^pn to blow the trumpet., (as 
 a signal for calling the people to- 
 gether,) is distinguished from ?^")n 
 and iTiJpsi'^n 5?pn to sound an alarm. 
 (as a signal for moving.) 
 
 Niph, pass, of Kal no. 2. Job 17:3 
 
inn 
 
 712 
 
 inn 
 
 ^pnl "^n;]: N^n ''^a tiyAo w i7 that will 
 strike hands with me ? i. e. will be- 
 come surety for me ? Pass, of no. 4. 
 Is. 27: 13. Amos 3: 6. 
 3?pn m. Ps. 150:3.and?ipnm. Ezek. 
 
 7: 14. verbals from ^Jii^^ a blowing 
 with the trumpet. 
 
 jTlpn to prevail over or oppress a per- 
 son, construed with an accus. Job 
 14: 20. 15: 24. Ecc. 4 : 12. (Arab. 
 O^ji'i idem. Comp. the Chald. De- 
 ri v. out of course Sl'^Jj^n. 
 
 ftpjn Chald. to be or become great or 
 
 strong. Dan. 4 : 8, 19. [4 : 11, 22.] 
 
 5: 20 n^pn nn'^'^ his mind became 
 arrogant. ' 
 
 Pa. to confirm., establish. Dan. 6: 8. 
 
 JrjpD verbal from P]j^n, dec. VI. p. 
 
 power.) authority. Est. 9 : 29. 10 : 2. 
 Dan. 11: 17. 
 
 Jjpri m. Chald. emph. i^spn, idem. 
 
 Dan. 4: 27. [4: 30.] 
 
 *^ri turtledove., see "^'^ri no. I. 
 
 n^mnn f. verbal from rtl^, dec. I. 
 
 offspring.^ brood., soboles., probably 
 used by way of contempt. Num. 
 32: 14. 
 
 n'^iilin f. verbal from nn'n, interest., 
 usury., i. q. ri"'2^.tt q. v. Lev. 25: 36. 
 Prov. 28: 8. Ezek. 18: 8 ff. In some 
 passages it is joined with ^UJD. If 
 the two words differ in meaning, 
 then fT'z'^n is the interest exclusive 
 of the principal. 
 
 ^^IjTI a quadriliteral, to teach to go., 
 
 to guide the steps of a person. Hos. 
 11: 3. It is a denom. from ba^., with 
 prosthetic n, as in Aram. * "l^.irn 
 to teach., from ^^b to learn. 
 (D^liH Chald. a quadriliteral, to ex- 
 pound., explain., interpret. Part. pass. 
 Da'iriX] interpreted., Ezra 4: 7. 
 
 rl^'mn f. (with Tseri impure,) ver- 
 bal from D*!"], dec. X. 
 
 1. deep sleep. Gen. 2: 21. 15: 12. 
 1 Sam. 26: 12. 
 
 2. sluggishness^ inactivity. Is. 29: 
 10, Prov. 19: 15. 
 
 nptinn Tirhakah., the proper nai 
 
 of a king of Ethiopia. Is. 37: 9. 2 
 19: 9. In Strabo, (B. xv. p. 472 
 Casaub.) he is called TeuQicwv ; 
 Manetho, who makes him the thi 
 king of Ethiopia, I'agaxog. 
 nnn {delay) name of a station of t 
 
 Israelites in the desert. Num. 3 
 27. 
 n^^in f. verbal from D^^n, dec. X 
 
 T ; 
 
 1. a present., gift. Prov. 29 
 DTTsmn U)''fi< one that receives bril 
 
 2. particularly a gift to the pru 
 or the temple., an offering ; spok 
 e. g. of contributions to the taberi 
 nacle of the congregation, Ex. i 
 2, 3. 30: 13, 14. of the contributic 
 to the priests. Lev. 7 : 32. 22 : 1 
 Hence ni?2^^n "^n^ fields of fi 
 
 fruits., i. e. where the first-fru 
 grow, 2 Sam. 1 : 21. Synonymc 
 with T'-nttl'^n Deut. 12: 11, ; 
 and nin'^-D/jn^n Ex. 30: 14, : 
 See d^'^^ii no. 4. 
 
 3. particularly the heave-offerii 
 (with reference to a certain r 
 of moving it up and down, con 
 Jl5l3n the wave-offering.) Ex. 29: 
 
 rt^^'nrin pr23 the heave-shoulder. \ji 
 7: 34. etc. Comp. 0*^^171 no. 5. 
 n^yQ^nn l. q. n^^nn no. 2. stric 
 
 what pertains to an offering. Ez( 
 48: 12. 
 nS^'inri f- verbal from y^^ no. 
 
 dec. X. 
 
 1. a cry of jubilee. Job 8: 21. [ 
 26. TtST\T\ ?''^.n to raise a cry of ^ 
 bike., \ Sam. 4: 5. Ezra 3: 11, 13. 
 
 2. a shout for battle. Amos 1: '. 
 Jer. 4: 19. 49: 2 H^^rW} i">'lJ7.iora 
 a shout for battle.. Josh. 6: 6, 20. 
 
 3. the sound of a trumpet. Lev. ' 
 9 n^'^'in DV the day of sounding 
 trumpet., namely, the first day of t 
 seventh month, new year's day, L< 
 23: 24. Num. 29: 16. n2?n-^n "^n 
 an offering with the sounding oj 
 trumpet., Ps. 27: 6. comp. Num. J 
 10. Ps. 89: 16. 
 
t)^T\ 
 
 713 
 
 :Din 
 
 niD^in f- a healing or refreshment. E- 
 
 T ; 
 
 zek. 47: 12. Sept. J/Zf^a, whence in 
 Rev. 22: 2, dsQanela. Vulg. medici- 
 na. The root ?in prob. borrows its 
 signification from ^Z^ to heal^ 
 whence fi^^'l^ a healings cure. 
 HTin f. Is. 44: 14. name of a tree; 
 
 according to some, the holly^ from 
 T^in Arab. A \* ^o be strongs hard. 
 
 See Celsii Hierobot. T. II. p. 270. 
 
 V1^ Chald. const, "^^in, too. Fern. 
 r^l^ Dan. 6: 1. Ezra 4: 24. Deriv- 
 ed from the Heb. ^yp by a com- 
 mutation of 3 and 'n, see 3. 
 
 n52in f a lie, deceit. Judg. 9: 31. 
 Root n?3*n Pi. io deceive. 
 
 rr^^Qiri f deception. Jer. 8: 6. 23: 26. 
 
 But* in Jer. 14:14 Keth. we find 
 n^^'nn. Root n^S'i Pi. to deceive. 
 
 1*111 m. 1. the mast of a ship. Is. 33 : 
 
 23. Ezek. 27: 5. 
 
 2. i. q. D3 prob. a flag., banner., 
 
 raised on mountains for a signal. Is. 
 
 30: 17. (Perhaps to be collated with 
 
 the Rabbin. Nn'3'i:in pinus.) 
 
 yirj ni. Chald. 1. a door, opening, 
 
 i. q. Heb. ^St, whence it is formed 
 by transposition. Dan. 3: 26. 
 
 2. the porte, i. e. the palace of 
 eastern kings, so called from the 
 great gate which leads to the sera- 
 glio and the other public buildings. 
 Dan. 2: 49 and Daniel was placed 
 over the royal palace, i. e. he was 
 made prefect of the palace. Comp. 
 "lif^ no. 2. (Syr. and Arab, idem.) 
 ^yn Chald. (withKamets impure,) a 
 porter, watchman at a gate. Ezra 7: 
 
 24. It is a denom. like 'n5?ti from 1^)25. 
 ^<?1^ ^- verbal from ^y^, giddi- 
 ness, intoxication; hence il^5>'^n ]*''' 
 intoxicating wine, Ps. 60: 6. and 'oi's 
 ^^^I^Jl the cup of intoxication. Is. 
 61:17,22. See this figure further 
 under DID. 
 
 d'^S'1?] masc. plur. a kind of peoates 
 
 or household gods, (Gen, 31: 19, 34. 
 
 90 
 
 1 Sam. 19: 13, 16.) which the super- 
 stitious used for domestic oracles, 
 (Ezek. 21: 26. Zech. 10: 2.) From 
 1 Sam. 19 : 13, 16, it appears that 
 they were as large as life, and had 
 a human form. The plural here 
 D'^S'^n appears to be the pluralis 
 excellentiaB, and to refer to a single 
 image ; but in Gen. 31: 34, it is con- 
 strued with the plural. The other 
 passages are Judg. 17: 5. 18: 14 ff. 2 
 K. 23: 24. Hos. 3: 4. With their use 
 as oracles agrees the etymology of 
 the word from P)"^n in Syr. percontari, 
 inquirere. 
 
 JlllSin {pleasantness) proper name 
 of ' a city in the kingdom of Is- 
 rael, which was the residence 
 of the kings from Jeroboam to 
 Omri. Josh. 12: 24. 1 K. 14 : 17. 
 15:21. 2 K. 15: 14. Its situation is 
 represented as pleasant. Cant. 6: 4. 
 
 JD'^tSin Tartessus, the proper name 
 of a city and country in Spain, the 
 most celebrated emporium in the 
 west to which the Phenicians and 
 Hebrews traded. That it was situa- 
 ted in the west is evident from Gen. 
 10:4, where it is joined with Eli- 
 shah, Kittim and Dodanim; comp. 
 Ps. 72: 10, where it is connected 
 with D'^'^.N the islands of the west. Ac- 
 cording to Ezek. 38 : 13, it was an 
 important place of trade ; accord- 
 ing to Jer. 10 : 9, it exported sil- 
 ver, and according to Ezek. 27: 12, 
 25, silver, iron, tin and lead to the 
 Tyrian market. They embarked 
 for this place from Joppa, Jon 1: 3. 
 4: 2. In Is. 23: 1,6,10, it is evi- 
 dently represented as an important 
 Phenician colony. It is named among 
 other distant states. Is. 66: 19. That 
 these notices agree with Tartessus, 
 has been shown by Bochart, (Geogr. 
 Sacra, Lib. iii. cap. 7. p. 165 if.) J. 
 D. Michaelis, (Spicileg.Geogr. Hebr. 
 exterae, P. I. p. 82-103.) and Bredow, 
 (histor. Untersuchungen, St. 2. p. 260 
 303.) The Greek name Tagrria- 
 Gog is derived from a harder Arame- 
 an pronunciation of the word UJ'^n'nn; 
 but another orthography with* o 
 was also known to the Greeks, for 
 in Polybius and Stephanus By- 
 
tinn 714 ^m 
 
 zantinus occurs TiXQGfj'i'ov, as synon- by another hand ; viz. from chap. 7: 
 ymous with Ta^Ttjaaog. ni'>2u\ 6, to 10 : 10. Probably a title be- 
 Ci-'-^nn Tarshish ships, is employed Imaging to him as governor (nn? ;) 
 Is. 23:1,4. 60 : 9. to denote large .^^^ 
 
 merchant ships bound on long voy- comp^ ^ perhaps the Pers. (J^j->, 
 ages, (perhaps distinguished by their * V , t , 
 
 construction from the common Phe- C^^/"* ^^^5 ^*^*^^ ^^'^^''^> ^^^nce a 
 nician ships,) even though they ^ ^^ governor, or the like, 
 were sent to other countries instead .^., m . ^i. c 
 
 of Tarshish; (comp. the Eng. phrase ]^^p- " ^'"'"'' * propernameof 
 an Indiaman.) Ps. 48: 8. Is. 2: 16. an Assyrian general, under the kings 
 So it is used of the ships which went Sargon, (Is. 20: 1.) and Sennacherib, 
 to Ophir, 1 K. 22: 49. 1 K. 10 : 22. (2 K. 18: 17.) 
 
 (comp. 9 : 28.) In the interval be- pj^-^jri proper name of an idol of the 
 tween the composition ot the Books ' 1 .' / 
 of Kings and that of Chronicles, Avites, {JD-^VJ.) 2 K. 17:31. 
 this name seems to have been trans- H/^V^I^n f verbal from Q^t), found 
 ferred to denote any distant country; ^^^ jJev-S: 21 T^-n^VJlJn something 
 hence the Tarshish ships which . / 7" * 
 
 went to Ophir (see 1 K. 22 49. P^^^ *^^^ ^^^ hand, a deposit or trust. 
 etc.) are said expressly by the wril The distinction between this word 
 ter of Chronicles to have gone to ^^ WJ^. ^^ "* known. 
 Tarshish. See 2Chr.9:21. 20: 36, ni^^cin fem. plur. (verbal from r23 
 37. and comp. Bredow, p. 293295. 
 
 and Gesenius' Gesch. der hebr. Spra- = ^^^) 
 
 che und Schrift, p. 42. There is no 1. noise, clamour. Job 39: 7. Far- 
 
 necessity then for the definite adop- ticularly the bustle or tumult ofamul- 
 tion of a second Tarshish, (perhaps titude. Is. 22: 2. Synon. "jii^'iD . 
 i.i India or Ethiopia ;) and the ancient 2. a crashing noise. Job 36: 29. 
 
 versions are evidently incorrect ^^^^ .^ rj.-j^,. 
 
 which render 'i;"^'2Jnn the sea, and "rr*'. ^ ' ' 
 
 ^'i.nn ^N ships of 'the sea. P0^^" of Elijah. 1 K. 17:1. 21 : 17. 
 
 - . "l u . u 1, It IS derived from nz'iJn or rss^n, 
 
 2. a precious Stone which proba- . ^ , ^ a ' rr^ i W l'- 
 bly derived its name from Tartes- ^ Greek ^^.^^^ Tob. 1: 2. a city m 
 sus, (like l-'Difi* for Ophiritic gold.) the tribe of Naphtali. See Relandi 
 Ex! 28: 20. 39: 13. Ezek 1: 16. 10 : ,,"^' ^^ ''f, ,,., , , 
 9. 28: 13. Cant. 5: 14. Dan. 10: 6. Y?.f ^- "" ""^'^^^ ^'''"' ^-^' '^'^'* 
 The Sept. and Josephus make it worked in checkers or cells. (See the 
 the chrysolite, which is the topaz of verb.) Hence 72'JlJn ri:n3 a coat of 
 the moderns ; and this explanation is checkered cloth, Ex. 28: 4. 
 adopted by Braun, (de Vestitu Sa- ^^:_ ^ u ^ f ^ *,,,; ; -.v^ 
 cerdot. II. 7.) Others : amber, which ^lyVflH f. verbal from ? i. q. Ji^ 
 
 bowever, docs not suit Ex. 28: 20. jg^ x. 
 
 ^"Z 1. help, deliverance, salvation. Ps, 
 
 ^ndnri (always with the article,)ati- 37:39. 40:11. 71:15. 
 
 tk given to Nehemiah, Ezra 2:63. ^om ''n'^7^^ ^ ^''"' ^^'^' ^^'^'' ^ 
 Neh.7:65,70,(where it stands alone ;) J'^E; ' ;; ; ^^^^ .^ . 
 and more clearly Neh. 8: 9. 10 : 2 ' Hi^^^ [ * * ' ' 
 
 N>n^nnJ!| ^tl ^:im}- This word no. II. dec. X. desire, longing. Gen 
 occurs only in that part of Nehemi- ^'' 1?' ^^ ^- ^^'^^' '^* ^ ^- ^ ^ " 
 ah, which is supposed to be inserted rnr^DTl^ I a gift, present, 1 Sam. 9:7 
 
 > - 
 
 
 
*^:2:n 
 
 715 
 
 :pn 
 
 It is also used in the Jewish trans- jj^Hd const. i?'23n, f. and In3?rin. 
 lationof Dan. 2: 6. 5:17. for the - "' " =' '-;y* i' 
 
 Chald. nzTn3 a gift. Root ^t:3 no. 
 II. to go., to travel ; construed, with 
 a, to bring, present ; comp. Is. 57: 9. 
 **^^vDn, fem. n"^-, ninth., denom. from 
 ^qri' Num. 7: 60. 
 
 const. ri^'iJn, m. nine. Also ninth.^ 
 in the numbering of days, e. g. 
 UJnnb il^'JJna on the ninth of the 
 month. Lev. 23 : 32. Plur. Ja^^^iin 
 com. gen. ninety. 
 
 ERRATA. 
 
 Page 13 col. a 
 19 b. 
 23 
 26 
 28 
 38 
 
 41 
 
 70 
 
 93 
 
 98 
 
 114 
 
 167 
 
 237 
 310 
 313 
 352 
 357 
 359 
 376 
 404 
 
 408 
 
 line 26 from the top, for Dl^li^ read '^Dl'aijS^. 
 2 from the bottom, for '^'l^ read 'HlK. 
 
 18 for Ex. 14: 18. read Ex. 4: 18. 
 
 last line, for Gen. 24: 16. read Gen. 24: 56. 
 4 from the bottom, for MS*^l read JlS^.N. 
 6 from the top, for dec. X. read dec. I. 
 
 9 for dec. X. read dec. I. 
 
 8 for Gen. 24: 58. read Gen. 24: 38. 
 
 last line, for Gen. 16: 24. read Gen. 16: 14. 
 
 19 from the top, for Is. 1:13. read Is. 1: 3. 
 
 179 a. 
 211 b. 
 234 b. 
 
 3 for dec. III. read dec. XII. 
 
 4 for Ps. 18: 16. read Ps. 18: 26. 
 
 4 for nin read nlH. 
 
 10 for Hoph. read Pu. 
 
 18 for r^'^n read Jl^H. 
 
 18. Article omitted ^"^H m- verbal from n*^t1, Aeat,6Mm- 
 tM^, i. q. li^in. Ex.'li:8. Is. 7: 4. 
 
 15 from the top,^for dec. XI. c. read dec. XII. c. 
 
 10 for dec. IV. a. read dec. VI. a. 
 
 18 for *>^'3ri read ^Sbrr. 
 
 13 from the bottom, for Job 12: 31. 'read Job 12: 21, 
 
 1 4 from the top, for Pual read Hoph^l. 
 13 for plD^ read "jiM. 
 
 6 from the bottom, for Is. 10: 20. read Is. 10: 29. 
 
 16 for ^r\l2 read ^fl^. 
 
 b. 28 from the top, for fi^'^aa read j^'^Dl 
 
 From the deficiency of the fount, Dagesh lene in initial Tav has been 
 omitted, in a few of the last pages, in cases where, according to the most 
 approved practice, it ought to be inserted. 
 
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