' •V|^«.V^ifw KING'S HOSTEL TRINITY COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE I I KING'S HOSTEL TRINITY COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE Vf^ith Plans and Illustrations AN EXAMINATION OF THE HISTORY OF KING'S HALL WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE ANCIENT BUILDINGS RECENTLY DISCLOSED BY W. D. CAROE, M.A., F.S.A. TRINITY COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE A PAPER READ BEFORE THE CAMBRIDGE ARCH^OLOGICAL SOCIETY, MARCH 2nd, 1908, AMPLIFIED BY NUMEROUS ADDITIONS AND EXTRACTS FROM THE KING'S HALL ACCOUNT BOOKS CAMBRIDGE : PRINTED FOR THE MASTER AND FELLOWS OF TRINITY COLLEGE 1909 TO J. w. c. AND J. w. c. ILLUSTRATIONS IN TEXT Frontispiece. King's Hostel (as at present) Fig. 1. Site plan (from Willis and Clark) . Bowling Green Front (before recent works) From Lyne's Map of Cambridge (1.574) . From Hammond's Map of Cambridge (1592) From Loggan's Map of Cambridge (1688) Loggan's View of Trinity College (c. 1688) Enlargement from Loggan'.s View (c. 1688) Doors and windows. North end Ancient features of East wall . Tlie Master's Garderobe recess . Window of earlier period . \-2. AVindow of later period 13. The Transverse Wall . Doors towards the Cloister Blocked doorway to Bowling Green Remains of Master's Stairs Ancient door found in situ Bowling Green pas.sage The Vice or Vt/si- Ancient Mantelpiece (completed) Entrance by St John's boundary Entrance door .... Doorway in Xovile's Hall . „ Old Divinity School 2-5. Dr Bentley's Laboratory windows 26. Fireplace in Bursary . 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 2 8 9 10 10 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 14 14 15 15 16 It; 16 17 17 17 IS bs 19 19 PLATES AT END A. Various Details B. Tlie Bowling Green Front (as at present) C. „ „ (suggested restoration) D. Sections shewing ancient work E. Ground Flcjor plan (as remodelled) . F. First Floor plan „ G. Second Floor plan „ H. Ground Floor plan (before recent works) J. First Floor plan „ K. Second Floor plan „ „ L. Back Elevation „ ., I'AOE 24 2ri 26 27 28, 29 :?0, 31 32, 33 34 35 36 37 38 KING'S HOSTEL, TRINITY COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE No historical notice of any of the Collegiate buildings of Cambridge can in future take shape without some reference to Messrs Willis and Clark's admirable Architectural Histor}'. That book holds the same place ia Collegiate History as Professor Willis' masterly works upon Canterbury hold in Cathedral and Monastic History. It is an example for all time as to how such architectural history should be written. The following enquiry bases itself upon Messrs Willis and Clark's researches, to which I desire to offer the fullest acknowledgment at the outset. To the Registrar of the University I accord also my grateful thanks for the ready and effectual assistance he has given me, by placing at my disposal his admirable collection of maps and drawings, including Professor Willis' plans of the site, drawn by his own hand. He has also handed over to my keeping, while preparing these notes, a volume of his own and his uncle's extracts from the 26 volumes of King's Hall accounts in the College Library, whereby my task of making search for relevant entries has been made easy. To the enthusiasm of the Fellows of the College for their recovered inheritance of antiquity, I owe much, and especially to Mr Innes, Mr Capstick and Dr Fletcher, who have assisted me in numerous ways. To his other kind offices Mr Capstick has added invaluable help in connection with the illustrations. Messrs Willis and Clark have been able, by their careful searching of records and muniments, to work out the documentary History of the site and buildings of King's Hall, and by a difficult examination of the remnants of this part of the College, while still swathed in its bald clothing of 1791, have succeeded in laying down the general form of the buildings as they existed before the erection of the present Chapel in 15.56, and before Dr Neville completed the Great Court in its existing form, and in that operation removed the so-called Edwardian Tower to its second position, that in which we now find it. For many years after Willis' plan was made, the features of the building remained in hiding until the College in 190-5, largely due to the initiative of Dr Fletcher, Fellow, took in hand their disclosure, and entrusted me with the direction of that interesting work. Those who wish to sift exhaustively the history of the site and earlier buildings, and their general relation to St John's College on the one hand and the House of Robert de Croyland, Rector of Oundle, on the other, must be referred to ilessrs Willis and Clark's fascinating enquiry. On page 456, vol. 2, is an illuminating plan (fig. 1), wherein the old work, as traced out originally by Professor Willis, and modified by Mr Clark's further researches, is clearly delineated. We shall find that this plan exhibits its authors' remarkable perspicacity in sifting an abstruse problem. It needs however a little modification to meet our later knowledge, obtained by the process of divesting 1 2 KING'S HOSTEL, TRINITY COLLEGE the ancient building of its brick overcoat, and collating the results with the docu- mentar}' evidences. (Plate M, p. 38'.) £ 10 30 JO tC «0 70 9V 90 SCAL£ CF Fee t. Fig. 1. Site plan. (From Willis and Clark.) The following brief notes may be useful. In 1336 King Edward III purchased the House of Robert de Croyland which gave accommodation for 32 scholars, and the position and extent of this building have been very clearly laid down in Willis and Clark's plan. In 1338-9, the King instituted negotiations for the purchase of additional land and tenements adjoining the High Street, together with lands running westward to the river. ' The Key plan, Plate M, is so bound at the end that it can be always in front of the reader. KING'S HOSTEL, TRINITY COLLEGE 3 These included the house and garden of Edmund de Walsinghani, which was repaired in 134()-7, and money spent in purchasing utensils, lead, and other necessaries for a Brewery. He condoned the Warden and Scholars for having aciiuired without license part of the lane adjoining St John's. These various purchases were completed in 1347, but it was not until 1870 that the purchase of William Atte Conduit's House, which occupied the piece of land now forming the approach to the Great CJate, completed the acquisition of all the property available and necessary for the enlargement of the College. In attempting to locate the various buildings, we have three sources of information, which have to be carefully sifted and collated. (1) The Building and Bursarial accounts in the College Library and documents in the Rolls office. (2) Maps of Cambridge. (3) The Buildings themselves. In 1375, Richard Ronhale being Warden, the new buildings were commenced, just, be it noted, when the so-called " Perpendicular " style of Architecture was on the eve of full development out of the previous manner. The work proceeded slowly in the con- struction of a new Hall and Chambers, which were not completed till 1390, in the Wardenship of Thomas Hethersete. From the Rolls series of accounts, 137.5-7, one of these chambers was a Solar, and although not at first specifically referred to as such, it was evidently the same as the Master's Chamber, which is subsequently frequently mentioned. This chamber had a garderobe attached, as we learn from the following entry from the College Accounts. " 1416-7. Item pro Mundacione latrine camere magi.stri sij""." We also learn that the Master's Chamber was on the 1st floor, by entries relating to its roof, and other even more direct evidence. The recent discovery of the latrine and numerous subsequent entries leave no doubt whatever that the Master's Chamber was the 3rd room on the 1st floor of the West range, counting from the St John's boundary. (Plate M, p. 38.) In 13S6-7 the timbering for the new Kitchen was prepared; a Lardary was erected in 13S7 on the East side of it and there are numerous records of the building being carried forward up to 1395 when the Kitchen chimney stack, " le coporowne," is con- structed. A Solar with a covered staircase leading to it was constructed on the West .side of the Kitchen, which is subsequently designated the Squire's Chamber. As it is quite clear from subsequent documents relating to the building of the first chapel, that the Kitchen occupied the East range and abutted on St John's, this Solar would project out into the court as we shall find hereafter indicated on Loggan's map'. The gutter between its roof and that of the Kitchen is referred to in 1424. "Pro emendacione unius gutter intereciquinam et cameram eidem coquine anne.xaiu voc' le squyers- chaiimbre iij^ !J''.'\ In 1398 we come across an interesting, but in its references to a certain wall along the boundary, a somewhat obscure agreement, which had for its object the protection of the privacy of the Master and Brethren of St John's fiom tiie prying eyes of the M;ister and Scholars of King's Hall. Glazed windows, obviously of obscured glass, were allowed in the wall, but if the glass were broken, it was to be repaired within one month under penalty of 40f/. The wall in question must, I think, have stretched 115 ft. from the 1 See fig. 5, p. 10. 4 KING'S HOSTEL, TRINITY COLLEGE North end of the Kiteheu towards the River, as indicated on my plan. (Plate M, p. 38.) In 1394, the works to the Hail &c. are approaching completion as we learn from the entry "Item pro poyntyng aule et camerarum anexar xviij' iiij''." A lavatory and porch were added to the buildings in 1399, and we shall find frequent entries as to the water works in connection with the former. For instance in 1413 a "fistula plumbea" weighing 20 lbs. is added. A Pistrinum which comprised something rather more than a Bakehouse, and probably included the Panaria or pantry, begun in 1411, took 4 years to erect. The Pantry was one of the buildings situated round the Cloister Court, and must have occupied a posi- tion such as I have indicated. The accounts in relation to this Pistrinum are so full and interesting, that we may dwell a little upon them. A selection of the items is printed in Appendix B (p. 22). We have stone from Barrington and Hinton, clunch from Burwell, hurdles and binding for the scaffold, oak trees from the Prior of Stoke, studs and roof braces (joppys), jambs, voussoirs, hearth and oven linings (questys) and the Master of the Works is one John Dodyngton who, with his wife and assistant, is housed and fed. Stone, slates properly tapered and holed, as good as or better than any yet brought to Cambridge, come from Stamford. Slaters to lay them are brought up from the College livings of Grendon and Felmersham. Henry Thee of Barrington warrants the stone free from any lesions whatever and in ill weather they cover up the walls with a thatch of straw. They buy floorboarding and send Richard Wryte on horseback to Brandon Ferry to view it. The enthusiasm seems to be such that three of the scholars each sub- scribe the cost of their entrance feasts, 20s., towards the work. A Dovecot is erected at the same time and stocked with pigeons. It was probably in the West Garden. (Plate M, p. 38.) In 1416, Richard Young, Bishop of Rochester, subscribes £20 towards the new Library, which, with the chambers between it and the Master's Chamber, is begun and com- pleted in 1422. There is a gap therefore of about 30 years between the completion of the Master's Chamber and the Chambers adjoining it which should be noted. King's Hall already possessed a Library, which is referred to in the Wall agreement with St John's as being on the boundary. In 1394-5 we have also an entry of " Expense circa librariam." Chains, wax, a key, a hangedax (or latch) and staples and brass for the books &c. are detailed. There is no notice of its erection and Willis and Clark make the shrewd assumption that it was probably located in one of the acquired houses. It was un- questionably on the Johnian boundaiy like its successor. The actual position of the "new" Library, specifically so designated, and commenced in 1416, is one of special interest to us in connection with our existing range of buildings, but I do not think I shall long leave any doubts as to where it was. The following entries are of first importance, 1416-7. "Expense facte circa novam librariam et camere contigue," a piece of infamous Latinity. Chambers were thus erected adjoining the Library and at the same time. KING'S HOSTEL, TRINITY COLLEGE 5 1416-7. " Item datur ilniijui saiicti Jdhannis pro fuiulaniento parietis librarie et camero. vj" viij'i." 6s. ad. is paid St John's tor leave to erect the fouutlations of the Library and 0)ie chamber. Clearly therefore the Library and one of the Chambers abutted on th(! St John's boundary. No doubt this fresh agreement was entered into because the Wall already erected by agreement between the two Colleges had to be interfered with. 1417-8. "Expense facte circa novam librariaiu et cameras contigues oaiucre magistri." These chambers therefore also adjoined the Master's chamber. Now let us turn again to the plan. (Plate M, p. 38.) We have the Library on the St John's boundary occupying the North range, and the two sets of contiguous chambers, one of them also on the St John's boundary, the other contiguous to the Master's chamber. In point of architectural style the Master's chamber is just about 20 — 30 years the earlier. If we want further corroboration we have it. Under date 1416-7 we have this entry, " Item pro x nowelles pro gradibus xv'." Now for an ordinary vice or circular newelled staircase, ten steps are very few iu number. But this exactly fits our vice between these two chambers in which we were able to trace each individual step. John Dodyngton was still Master of the Works which meant Architect in those dajs. Intimately intermingled with the same accounts and evidently forming part of the same building, we find details of the erection of a wooden cloister. 1416-7. "Item pro j magno ligno ad platys et tribus postelli.s pro claustro xxiij* iiij*." 1418-9. " Convenoiones pro nova edificatione. In primi.s conveutum est cum stephano Sturion be Bokyng ad habend', eertum meremium pro tecto novarum camerarum et pro ij lateribus claustri." From which we gather the cloister had two ranges, and that it was being constructed at the same time as the roofs of the new chambers. There is no direct mention of it in connection with the Library. We are now introduced in the same batch of entries to a fresh element of interest, viz. an Oratory, "Item conventum est cum predicte stephano ad habend' quoddam aliud meremium pro oratorio." This Oratory was, as we shall see, constructed of wood in immediate connection with the Cloister. Now where was it ? Under 1419-20, we have the heading, " Expense facte circa novam edificationem claustri," and we have three full pages of particulars, which comprise the work to the Oratory in direct connection with that to the Cloister. Carpenters and slaters are employed. There are eaves to the buildings. Some part of them, probably the Cloister, is covered witli lead. The Oratory has angle studs or posts, and the windows are constructed of wood, and 204 lbs. of ironwork in stanchions and saddlebars are used in connection with them. From the large number of laths used it is clear that a considerable part of the buildings must have been half timbered ; " Item pro V Mill XC de latthys xl^" From subsequent entries, we learn that the Oratory had a roof, i.e. there was no chamber over it. 6 KING'S HOSTEL, TRINITY COLLEGE 1452-3. " It'. Solutuni est tegulario pro emendacione oratorij. 111*." 1470-1. "It'. Pro emendacione tecti caniere ruagi.stri et aule et oratorii." In 1421-2 the Library was fitted up and finished, as we find accounts for its interior fittings, and for skins and other materials for bookbinding, very interesting in them- selves. In 1422-3, painted hangings at the considerable expense of 26s. Sd. are provided for the Oratory and in 1424-5, it, and the parlour are wainscotted. Wood for the Altar had been purchased some time before. The King pays a visit and we find under the heading, " Expense extravagantos," " Pro j jiavi organorum pro inissa rcgia xc*." In 1424-5 we find mention of a little parlour (parloriolum) which I cannot locate. In 1426-7, the Parlour is glazed and paved with tiles. The number of tiles used, though stated, is not clear. Mr Clark is doubtful, Willis reads it 500, which I cannot reconcile with the script. The few tiles found were 4^" x 4i", and 500 would cover a room scarcely 8 ft. 6 inches square, which could hardly be designated a parlour. 500 tiles 10^'' X 10^", a not unusual size, would just pave the new Bursary and it is of course quite possible that the room had been retiled. In any case it is safe to assume that the room was on the ground floor In Ed. VI statutes, we find reference to " the parlour on the ground floor within the old cloister" which was reserved for an audit room. Such the Bursary remained until Dr Bentley's time and there can be little doubt as to the identification of the room with its important fireplace. We may fitly here trace the further references in the documents to the Cloister and Oratory. Cardinal Beaufort, Bishop of Winchester, pays a visit in 1428-9 and the Breviary in the Oratory is repaired. In 1448-9. "If pro hostio facto ad latrinam prope librarian!, xvij''." " For the doorway made into the latrine adjoining the Library " an important entry for us, as we shall see. At the same date the Cloister had a tiled pavement introduced. In 1452-3 the gutters of the Cloister were repaired. " It' pro emendacione de gutter.s infra claustrum xviii''." In this year we have three important entries. One of them refers to the lattice windows of a deambulatorium, the only mention of such a feature. The other two relate respectively to the repair of the Oratory roof (already quoted) and to the repair of the Lavatory in the Cloister. I therefore quote here the first and last. " It' pro factura x lateys in deambulatorio inter capellam et librarium v*." " In reparacione lavacri in clanstro." The new chapel was not begun until 1465, so the capella here mentioned must be the Oratory between which and the Library was a deambulatory or gallery. The word can be used for a cloister, but it .seems quite clear that it is distinct from the cloister here, and if so, must have been a gallery on the 1st floor. That there was such a gallery, the important doors opening into it prove, and I can only conclude, taking this and other evidence into account, that both Library and Oratory were either on the 1st floor or had galleries in them, which were connected by this deambulatorium. The connecting ambulatory was thus not glazed, as we see, until 1452-3. The further documentary history of King's Hall need not detain us long. It comprises the erection of King Edward's Gateway in 1426-37 and a range of buildings extending southwards from those we are considering, and connecteil up to the Gateway. KING'S HOSTEL, TRINITY COLLEGE 7 A Tower uear the New Gate was erected in 14'38-41, in part at the expense of the Gustos, who must not be confounded with the Master. A watercourse from the Kitchen and Buttery draining to the River is mentioned in 1448-9. In 1464 a new Chapel was begun, the site of whicli to the eastward of the buttery and separated from it by a set of Chambers, Messrs Willis and Clark were able accurately to define from measurements given in documents dated 1.511-6 relating to a dispute with St John's College. The construction of this new Chapel languished and during the delays the Oratory was repaired. Painters were employed in 1469-70 and 1470-1 upon it many weeks and money was spent upon the organ, the plural being used as usual. We find under the heading, "Expense circa oratorium," "In primis solut' est picturi pro paniiu ad altari pict" v'." The repair of the roof at this date has been already recorded. " Item ill pauno lineo ad picturam xiiij' iiij''." 1472-3. " In priniis pro reparacione orgaiioruni v^." Progress on the larger Chapel was resumed in 1479 and the work completed in 1485, but the consecration did not take place until 1498-9. In 1518 the Great Gate was begun, but not completed until 1535. In 1556-7 the present Marian Chapel superseded the older one. Finally in 1600 the Edwardian Gate was shifted to its present position. Here may be fitly ijuoted an illuminating extract from the Statutes of Ed. VI, 1552, already alluded to, wherein the allocation of the various parts of King's Hall, all then completed including the Great Gate, is specified. The Master's Chambers, it should be noted, are still the old ones we have already identified ; the new Lodge is not yet commenced. The orchard lies in the neighbourhood of the Chapel, and there is a garden, a walled enclosure, and a pigeon house between the buildings and the river. The lesser tower, in which is to be the treasury and muniment room, is the Edwardian Tower, in contradistinction to the tower of the Great Gate. " Prreses habeat omnia cubicula ac tedificia claustro ciroumfusa cum veteri aula cella panaria et cerevisiariil culina onmibus areis culine adhairentibus pretercii pomariuiu ad orientem et hortum areamque totam ad ocoidentem ipsius cubiculis subjectam vallo clausam et columbarium quce olim Regiae aulse erant item stabulum pro equis et cameram pro ferro. Cubiculum vero in miuore turre pro terario libellis codicibus tabulis cseterisque monumentis Collegii et conclave illud inferius infra vetus claustrum pro Ratiocinario reservetur." The rest of the history is mainly of destruction or degradation. In 1619-20 the Cloister of "King's Ostell " was whitened. In 1647 the Bowling Green was created. In 1694 the "old Hostel" was repaired on the Bowling Green side, but at the same time the ruinous part was agreed to be "puld downe," the timber sold to the best advantage and other materials used up in general College repairs if suitable, or otherwise sold. It was in the present reconstituted Senior Bursar's room " the thieving house of the Bursars of the old set" according to Dr Bentley, that those ofificials used to "embezzle the College timber." This "Lumber Hole" Dr Bentley transformed in 1706 into an " elegant Chemical Laboratory, where courses are annually taught by a Professor," viz., John Francis Vagani, created first Professor of Chemistry in 1703. 8 KING'S HOSTEL, TRINITY COLLEGE In 1791, the final architectural degradation of the Hostel took shape when it was converted into the colourless block of formal brickwork known to Trinity men of the 19th century (fig. 2). The date (1791) was found scribbled in pencil several times upon the work of the period and finds corroboration upon reference to the Junior Bursar's accounts for that year. Bricklayers and joiners were paid a sum amounting to £87. 5s. -id. for refronting Mr Lambert's rooms on the Bowling Green. Fig. 2. Bowling Green Front, before the recent works. Before describing the recovered buildings in detail, it may be as well to collate the evidences of the ancient maps of Cambridge which help us in any way. Lyue's map of Cambridge (1574) (fig. 3) shews the Edwardian Gateway in its original position and the range of Master's Chambers erected in 1437 and .stretching back north- ward to another range running East and West behind the present Chapel. This last is clearly the Library occupying the North range of the King's Hall. The doorway shewn in the face of the building would I'epresent of course the main entrance, and allowing for the inaccuracies of such draughtsmanship is no doubt the entrance door now recovered. The Oratory had of course already given way to the Marian Chapel. You will note the range of five important windows in the Library. Judging from Lyne's drawing, this room would either have occupied the height of two floors, which the architectural indications disprove, as far as they go, or there were cellars under it, as there are no windows on the ground storey level. The "cella" just men- tioned as being pai-t of the buildings situated round the Cloister Court, is thus probably located. KING'S HOSTEL, TRINITY COLLEGE 9 Hammond's map (1592) (fig. 4) gives a view from Uie Kast aiul was drawn just before the new disposition of the building by Dr Nevile. Here we have three sides of the King's Hostel with a Cloister shewn upon one side — the West— only. The North side shews a roof without chimneys, as does the West, although we know there was one at least on the latter. Three incipient gables are also indicated over the Cloister facing East. These are inconsistent with the form of the roof timbers as now disclosed. Hammond's map is only however to be relied upon for general dispositions, not for too minute details. Trinity Chapel, for instance, is drawn in a perfectly recognizable manner, and every separate feature appears, but it is shewn eight bays long instead of twelve and projects two bays East of the other buildings instead of three. Fig. .3. From Lyiie's Map of Cambridge (1574). Loggan's map of 1688 (fig. 5) helps us not a little, and here we find accurately portrayed what the actual foundations have verified. On the East face of the West wing is a projection into the Court which was clearly the projecting entrance of the Cloister on that side. The entrance doorway was fortunately allowed to ren)ain, being enclosed in brickwork in 1791 as the entrance to the College wine cellars. Loggan's map also shews the projection on the West side of the Kitchen, the Solar, called "the Squyer's chamber," erected in 1395, approached later no doubt by the South Cloister hereafter referred to. In Loggan's birdseye view of the College, c. 1688, from which an enlargement of the portion relating to King's Hostel is also given (figs. 6, 7), the single chimney of the West range is shewn, and another larger stack which served the Parlour and rooms 2 10 KING'S HOSTEL, TRINITY COLLEGE over, though the last does not seem to be quite correctly placed. The dormers in the North range confii-m LjTie's view. But what is more important, the ridge of the roof of the North range overtops and is separated from that of the West. L\-ne also shews a gable at the West end of the North range, and although this is drawn to stretch out to the West wall of the adjoining Cham- bers, it is quite near enough in accuracy for his methods of delinea- tion. There must, in fact, have been a space between the ranges quite consistent with the existence of a gable window over the lower build- ings. This space was occupied by a continuation of the Cloister on the ground floor giving access by the two large doors to the Bowling Green and b\- the Deambulatorium over, already alluded to as between the Library and the Oratory Chapel. Loggau's point of view is such that unfortunately the Marian Chapel and its Bell tower obscure the Cloister and much more that might have been very valuable to us. Fig. 4. From Hammond's Map of Cambridge (1592). J think it is now pretty clear that we can fix the position of the Oratorj- by a process of exhaustion. We have seen that it was a timber building erected in close connection with the Cloister. It was also apparently in connection with the Master's chamber, as we should naturall}- expect. That it would be orientated according to the invariable English tradition goes without saying. A foundation was found 14 feet Northwards of the wall containing "fche entrance door and running East. (Plate M, p. 38.) This would have made a narrow Chapel. But if, as I imagine, the Oratory was on the first floor, being of wood, it may have overhung the walls below after a manner common to wooden constructions of the period. How far it stretched Eastward and ^vhether definitely upon the ground or 1st floor it is impossible to say. Its angle studs might equally have been posts holding up the East end. A cross foundation was found in the position of our new wall, and this corresponds with Loggan's Fig. 5. From Loggan's Map (1688). plan. The Oratory, if it survived so long, must o to o bo 12 KING'S HOSTEL, TRINITY COLLEGE Fig. Enlargement from Loggan's view (c. 1688). have been pulled down to make way for the Mariau Chapel, and this foundation may have been that of a wall erected at that date to close up the buildings partially removed. The recovered Entrance door is clearly an ex- ternal door and could not possibly have been an internal door of the Hall, and the Hall must have been further South than Professor Willis indicates (fig. 2, p. 8). It is quite possible that the " porticus aule " was a passage at the West end of the Hall, giving access to the court. Three small doors and a window have been disclosed on the first floor in the North wall adjoining St John's (fig. 8). These doors must have led into projecting outbuildings or chambers standing upon, or overlianging land now occupied by St John's. (Plate M, p. 38.) The western- most of the doors opens outwards and the West wall of the Library seems to have abutted between this door and the adjoining window, as the photograph indicates. The adjoining window therefore looked South into the Library. The small size of the door suggests that the Western chamber must have been a garderobe, specially as there is no corresponding door below. I have already noted (p. 6) the entry relating to the latrine near the Library and here we have corroboration. We find also that there was a drain close at hand. This brick drain was unearthed during the recent works and is no doubt the one referred to in the accounts as connected with the Kitchen. It seems to have passed under the Library. (Plate M, p. 38.) The two next doors open inwards and are curious. Clear- ly there was a floor at this level as the joist holes shew and as the doors themselves indicate. The only explanation I can offer is that both doors led either into a small cham- ber, perhaps for the Gustos, who is mentioned, or into a turret staircase in this position. We may note analogously that the door to the Master's Garderobe opens outwards from the room, and that the door at the head of the existing vice opens inwards into the room. There may have been an entrance lobby to the Library abutting between the doors, which would occasion the pair of them. If Loggan's plan (fig. 5) is accurate these projecting chambers must have been removed before his time, although he does shew a double line on this side of the Lane, enclosing a Fig. 8. Doors and windows. iNorth end. KING'S HOSTEL, TRINITY COLLEGE 13 Fig. y. AiHieiit t'cutures nt the East wall. piece of ground'. It should be noted that Loggan is apt to omit turret staircases on liis plans although he shews them distinctly and accurately upon the views. Before leaving Loggan it may be said that he shews the width of the West range sufficient to include a cloister, but not so the North range. Hammond also, as we have seen, omits the Cloister on the North range, and I can find no grounds for supposing that the reference in the King's Hall acconnts to two sides of the Cloister necessarily implies a Cloister in that position. On the other hand in the accounts for pulling down the Hall and adjoining buildings for the purpose of erecting the Marian Chapel in 1556-7, we have the removal of "the reede over the Cloister and the gystes of the same" which clearly suggests that the second side of the Cloister may have abutted on the North side of the Hall. It would have a definite purpose there in giving access to the Solar on the West side of the Kitchen, to the Buttery and the Chambers beyond ; subsequently also to the Chapel. These inferences and allocations mainly — hitherto from the documentary evidence, are further confirmed by a more detailed reference to the buildings themselves. The range under consideration belongs to two dates and exhibits differences in architectural style quite consistent with the thnty years which intervened between the completion of the Master's Chamber m 1390 and of the Library and Chambers between it and the Master's Chamber in about 1420. These dates fit admirably with the characters of the two parts, quite apart from the documentary evidence. The change in date and style may be observed on the East side between the two doors on the left (fig. 9) as one enters the building. A straight joint in the walling occurs above the northernmost door, which seems to have replaced a piece of the earlier walling upon the ground floor (see also plate D (a), p. 27). On the Bowling Green side, the change occurs to the North of the hollow recess near the centre of the facade (see frontis- piece). The recess (fig. 10) no doubt formed part of the Master's private garderobe, specially referred to in the ,^b«»^v »^ ._ . -~-::ma account. It was approached through a lobby from his ^^^ ^^ ,pj^g Master's Garderobe : Chamber. The lobby was lighted and ventilated by a small window, part of which still remains, and which is so di.sposed as to allow of the flat roof of the projecting Chamber being free of the window sill. There were no signs 1 In 1612 when there is an account for its cleansing, this strip of ground is called "the long entry between the ould Librarie and S' Johns." The new Library was then in the range between the Edwardian Tower and the Master's Lodge. 14 KING'S HOSTEL, TRINITY COLLEGE of toothings or bondings of the external walls of this garderobe with the main structure and I conclude that it must have been a wooden construction of the character indicated upon the sug-gested restoration of the Bowling Green Front (plate C, p. 2G). The garde- robe would probably discharge into a drain or ditch brought up to its foot, but all indi- cations of this are now lost. The windows of the earlier and later period with their detail are given (figs. 11, 12; plate A (a) (b), p. 24) and it will be noticed how the interpenetration has crept in. The earlier window is very like those erected bj^ Arch- bishop Thoresby of York at Southwell Palace about 18.50. The King's Hall windows were, as in William of Wykeham's work, fitted with shutters. It is not quite clear whether the cross wall (fig. 13) which separates the two types of work at this point belongs to the 14th or loth century. I am disj^osed to think the latter. It will be noticed how it is adjusted to the doorwa)', but the continuation on the 1st floor wliich blocks the garderobe door is modern (plate F, pp. 31, 32). It is of course easily conceivable that the filling in of I i_ 1 I . ^\'indo\v of the earlier period. Fig. \-2. WhhIdw the later perioil. 'ifi^r-^ Fig. 14. Doors toward.^ the (_ ioi.-.ter. the end of the 14th century building was temporarily in wood which was removed for a more solid wall when the range was completed. The Chamber under the Master's had been at some later date fitted with a large open fireplace in the South East corner, and the door towards the Cloister made into a hatch (fig. 14). There is now a blocked door on the Bowling Green front which led to this room. This was, however, a later insertion, an original two-light window like the others being converted in the 16th century (fig. 15) when probably the fireplace was inserted. The position of the southern wall of this room is lost to us. In the angle of what now forms the entrance corridor to these chambers was a large block Fig. 1.3. The dividing trans- verse wall adapted to an earlier existing doorway by an arch. KING'S HOSTEL, TRINITY COLLEGE 15 Ficr. 15. of brickwork with a jtointed door over it (fig. 16). The jambs of this door were splayed ia one direction (plate F, pp. 30, 81). I think there must have been an external stone staircase in this position giving access to the Master's Chamber. Willis conjectures a turret but I could find no trace of this. A small chamber entirely walled round without access, over the main doorway, which had some appearance of antiquity, proved on e.xamination to possess none (plate L, p. 37), The existence of a staircase as thus conjectured would give the reason for bringing forward the entrance to the Cloisters which seem to have been contemplated from the first. Close to the pointed door on the first floor was found another with four- centred arch and the original with door and ironwork are still in situ. The door is clad with the vertical lapped boards common at the period and was originally painted in vertical bands of red and green (fig. 17). William of Wykeham's contemporary doors and shut- ters were similarly constructed. A small loop by the side of the door may have commanded the Oratory. The door might belong in character to either of the dates with which we are dealing, but it is undoubtedly part of the earlier building. It gave upon the gallery or upon the Oratory and sug- gests that this was projected as part of the original plan. The Parlour first mentioned in 1424-5, when it was wainscotted, was glazed in and paved in 1426-7, and I have already suggested its identification with the Bursary, the entrance to which with its rich carvings implies a room of some quality. The door has one angel stop to its hood- mold still very perfect ; the other is un- fortunately destroyed (fig. 14). North of this room on the ground floor was an entrance passage leading from the West through the building, by two large doors of the same size and detail, to the North end of the Cloister (fig. 18). The bold character of these doors, the detail of which is excellent (plate F (c) (d), pp. 30, 31), suggests that this passage was one of im- portance. A brick division with a good oak framed and molded four-centred door formed in the angle what might have served for a Porter's room lighted by a small slit towards the Cloister (plate E, pp. 28, 29). We can now pass upstairs by the original Vice which gave approach to the chamber over (fig. 19). Some of the steps are original, all are precisely the same as the originals. The management of the steps and Blocked doorway to the Bowling (Jreen. 1425-6, restored I 16 KING'S HOSTEL, TRIXITY COLLEGE Fig. 17. Ancient duor found in sitti. ■i doorway to the room is curious. The window to light the top of the staircase, which is dated 1907, is modern, as the wall in this position had been entirely removed. But something of the kind must have existed. There were no indications that the staircase ever gave upon the Gallery or that it was continued above its present level. The northernmost room shews signs of having been one of some quality. In the centre is a cambered beam, richly molded. It had originally molded arched trusses the form of which I shew on a drawing (plate D (b), p. 27), and of which sufficient material remains to reproduce the design ac- curately. A molded cornice mitres with it. This was carried to the square angle which pi'oved that the cant of the staircase was not continued to the upper part of the room. There was also an open stone fireplace with corbelled jambs, one of which (repaired) and the stone mantel remain intact (fig. 20). The other jamb had been removed to make room for a flue brought up from below and it was impossible consistently with the retention of this flue, which was necessary, to replace the jamb in its old position. The fireplace is thus of the old design but so much narrower. The brick fireback is original. A stone doorway existed connecting this room with the adjoining a^g/jgl^ one. One of the " bikettes," as they are called in these accounts, H^^H that is the jamb stops, remains in situ. ^^^^M A feature very difficult of explanation is the external doorway to , ^^^^H i this room on the Bowling Green side. (Frontispiece and fig. 21.) JHHJB^Jj It is quite clear that this door opened outwards, which is contrary ' ' ^ to mediaeval practice even if there were a covered porch of entry. But one of the other two doors in the room opened outwards also. This door gave access to a causeway or flight of steps carried upon a flying arch abutting upon the building at its first floor level. An examination of the existing masonry leaves no doubt upon this head. The wall ^^ -j^^^^^^^^ below the abutment is complete including the plinth. The ^P^' jtt^fH^^^^^ imposing doorwaj' adjoining, which led to the Cloister sug- gests that access from this side was of importance, and access to the first floor was probably equally studied. That there was a flying flight of steps here I have little doubt. We find frequent mention in the accounts of a Water- gate " It' pro le henge pro le Water gate ij'*. It' pro emendacione de la hinge apud portam aquatioam." A small building is shewn on Lyne's and Hammond's maps on the river adjoining the St John's boundary, which might have been the Watergate. If so, this doorway would lead directly to it. Returning to the first floor there seems to have been a small chamber between the two rooms in the thickness of the chimne}' breast. A later window with a four-centred Fig. 18. Bowling (ireen passage. Fig. 19. The Vice or Vi/s. KING'S HOSTEL, TRINITY COLLEGE 17 exists blocked up arch and quite different detail to the rest was inserted ami now (plate B, p. 25). This is difficult of explanation. There was a door from the Gallery over the Cloister leading into the second room from the North (plate D (a), p 27). (Some early examples of the evergreen youthful propensity for scribbling are worth noting upon its jambs.) It is evident from the position of this door and the others already alluded to that this gallery must have been a passage-way of importance, and it is curious to find that the ties to the wall plates of the main roof were projected out horizontally 4' 6" over it, evidently for the purpose of forming some kind of cover. Two of these appear on fig. 9 (p. 13). These may have been continued as joists for a flat roof the full width of the Cloister, and cut off in connection with some subse- quent alterations. If, as found, they held their original length, we are clearly in the presence of a feature of some peculiarity as regards Collegiate buildings. There were no windows on this side on the first floor save the small loops giving upon the Ambulatory between the Library and Oratory. If the last occupied the height of two floors then this Ambulatory would give access to a Western Gallery occupied bj' the Master, or small squint through which Mass could be heard without entering the Chapel. (completed). as at Lambeth, to a Fig. 21. Entrance duor to 1st floor chamber adjoining St John'.s boundary. Vi". )l-2. Entrance door. The main entrance door now restored to its original function had fortunately been bricked up and so preserved (fig. 22). It is a richly molded pointed doorway, with molding and bikettes of a distinctly late decorated character. (Plate A (e) (f) (g), p. 24.) The outer moldings are carried up as a square frame with quatrefoiled circles in the spandrils. It is interesting as the prototype of the doorways now leading to Nevile's Hall from the Great and Nevile's Courts (fig. 23). One of these however has a slightly segmont;d arch and the detail of both is essentially late Perpendicular. The doorway found in 3 18 KING'S HOSTEL, TRINITY COLLEGE 18(S3 ill the old Divinity School, which dates from a little before 1400 and is now incorporated in the University Library, is also of the same type (fig. 24). The removal in 1550-7 of the Hall, Buttery, Chambers and the Old Chapel is fully recorded. The entries relating to the demolition of the South portions are hesitating, such as the following, "the south wall as far as was thought mete" "the south wall to the soyle of the nether windows" " the Porch and the wall upon the .south syde of tholde Hall to Sir Burton his Chamber," while the North walls are unequivocally demolished. I conclude that the South walls were to some extent outside the area of the new foundations, and were pulled down as the material was wanted for re-use in the new work. Sir Burton may have had his Chamber over the Buttery and was left undisturbed as long as possible, or as there must have been an entrance to the Cloister Court, possibly the Hall did not extend as far as the West range and the passage or porch, "porticus aule " as before suggested, may have had a chamber over it. My plan (plate M, p. 38) is founded on the various evidences collected above. The buildings were constructed of brickwork inter- spersed with rubble masonry. The dressings of doors and windows are in the jambs and simpler parts constructed of an oolite from the great bed, which has stood well. Weldon and Barnack stone are mentioned as well as Barrington and Hinton. The more elaborate parts are in soft clunch which has decayed. It was no doubt the decay of the latter which led to the brick over- coat. A casing, 4^" thick, of white Cambridge bricks was faced on to the Bowling Green front and very fortunately but few bonders were used, it being executed chiefly in stretchers and doing but little damage to the walls in itself The ground floor was converted into wine cellars and it was uniiecessary'to take any steps to light it, so what remained of the rauUioned windows was left in sitiL Recesses by way of architectural relief were however made in front and necessitated in their construction the cutting back of the old work where they occurred, with corresponding increase of damage. As the East wall became entirely internal it was left alone and has been largely preserved to us. The mullions of the two windows of.Dr Bentley's " lumber hole " had been dealt with by him curiously in the process of the conversion of the room into his "elegant chemical laboratory" (fig. 25). The traceries were cut out and the mullions reduced to a narrow strip which Fig. 2.3. Doorway in Nevile's Hall. Fig. 21. Doorway in old Divinity School. KING'S HOSTEL, TRINITY COLLEGE 10 Fig. L'."), Ancient windows adapted for Bentley's Laboratory. coukl only have sustained the weight over it by the help of the discharging arch wBich is a feature of these buildings. The iron saddlebar at the springing had been retained and a portion of the niullions was not cut away at the sills and the inner sills had been raised by stone slabs with rough geometrical figures drawn upon them. A very interesting account of the laboratory was given by Dr Fletcher in "The Cambridge Review" for November 16, 1905, Vol. XXVII. No. 666. He traces its history as Parlour for the College guests. Audit Room, and therefore for the Bursar's use, Lumber hole, Labora- tory, Sherry cellar, and finally at length Bursary again. The fire-place with its brick back was found complete (fig. 26). The first floor was dealt with more drastically in 1791. Here sets of Fellows' rooms had to be arranged and the sashwindow of the period was an essential factor. These were driven through the old walls quite indiscriminately but generally so as to wipe out all but the jamb of an ancient window. Where the walls were irregular, internally, they were squared up with timber studding whereby some interesting features, such as the North windows and the West door of the North Chamber have been preserved for us almost intact. Needless to say that the replanning of the interior to meet the needs of the time, confused and inadequate as it was, had no respect for antiquity. Staircases, partition walls, doors and cupboards were inserted or cut in quite unheedingly. As an instance of this treatment the ancient Vice which must have been complete, judging from the bottom and top steps which remain much worn by long use, was torn out to admit of the introduction of a wooden stair winding up in the other direction (fig. 19, p. 16). The works of repair have been directed to preserving all that was possible of what was discovered, consistently with meeting certain essential modern needs. Imaginary restorations have been scrupulously avoided. The ground floor windows were in a condition that their repair was easy enough and it may be said that no new stone was inserted which was not absolutely necessary and every new stone represents accurately the old stone which it replaced in size, shape and detail, and even the iron bars are the same in section and position as determined by the ancient mortices cut for them. The first floor rooms were however panelled in the 18th century to suit the sash windows and there was no definite certaint}' of the position of two of the ancient windows. It was therefore deemed desirable not to attempt any renewal, and oak windows of a simple pattern were introduced to fill the openings where the sashes had to be removed in consequence of the removal of the brick casing. The remains of the ancient stone windows were carefully preserved and are to be seen upon the front. I have made a paper restoration of these windows. (Plate C, p. 26.) In two cases the remains of the old jambs were too far apart to admit of a four-light window of the ordinary detail. There must therefore have either been two skiglc-light windows, a two-light and a one-light, or a four-light to the special detail I have indicated. Other ancient examples exist of this four-light form. The two-light window still existing in the gable facing St John's indicates that there were attics and therefore no 3—2 Fig. 26. Fireplace in the Bursary. 20 KING'S HOSTEL, TRINITY COLLEGE doubt dormers, as the existing roof timbers, which are the original ones, shew conclusively that there were no side gables, such as those shewn by Hammond. It may be stated that the decayed cluuch has been treated with Hydrate of Barium and Hydrofliiosilicic acid with the promise, so far, of excellent results. I have drawn the details of various parts of the building to scale and would specially direct attention to the bold character of the North doorway. (Plate A, p. 24..) In conclusion it may be interesting to collate a few dates of other Cambridge Colle- o-iate Buildings, erected about the same period and which have survived to the present day. It appears that parts of Peterhouse, Corpus, Trinity Hall, and the old Divinity School are older than the remnant of King's Hall, and its earliest parts are contem- porary with the oldest parts left of Pembroke. Peterhouse. Hall and Chambers 13th century (after 1284). Old Library 1431-48. Kitchen 1450. Combination Room 1460. Old Divinity School 1347 (or later)-1400. Corpus Christi. Old Court 1352-77. Trinity Hall. Parts of principal Court 1354-74. Pembroke. Old Chapel (now Library) ' Old Court (north Range) Caius. Part of Chapel 1393. Part of Lodge 1441. King's. Gateway &c. (opposite Clare) 1441 begun. Chapel 1446-1515. I have also appended a list of technical terms used in the accounts, with what I con- ceive to be their signification. I would finally, in offering to the Master and Fellows of my College my gratitude for all the instruction, interest, and enjoyment the direction of the works of recovery of this ancient fragment has given me, add my thanks for this opportunity of recording what I have been able to find out about its earlier habitation. February 1908 1366-98. KING'S HOSTEL, TRINITY COLLEGE 21 APPENDIX A. SOME ARCHITECTURAL AND TECHNICAL TERMS USED IN THE KING'S HALL ACCOUNTS WITH THEIR PROBABLE SIGNIFICATIONS Bekete \ Bekette ] A Jamb Stop. Napronys de covres Nodis Beginners Springing Stones of a vault. Opus Ferreum ' pro Fenestris Bigatus A Load. Cliamarant A complete Jamb. Pomell Clikette ' Klekete A Latch-key. ^'Clavis vocat Questys Klekete ad Hostium." Rasaen Coperoiiys ' Coporone A Pinnacle. Also a chimney- Reder .stack. Redher ■ Cyrotheca A workman's Glove. Thakker ] Doblette An Angle Piece like a Chev- Retour/tes ron, possibly the returns or Semoiir \ points of a Label. Somer y Dormaunt. A sleeper beam. Somerpece ) Dealbacio Limewhiting. Seerghys 1 Serches J Bocer = Dosser A Hanging to shield a door. Estrichhord ^ Schomchouns ] Estringhord Floorboarding. Cf. Oester- Skovchonys ) Estryglwrd reich-bord. Segge Estyghord Soyl-tablc Hestrigsbord ' Femerelh A Roof Lantern. Over-soyll Formpece Tracery. Nedir-soyll Formelettes Decorative Panel Work. Spargettiiig Hafgoodday ' Sqwynchuncrest Hagaday Hagodatys A Latch. Stagys Hagodday Tabid ad Syntrys Hangedax ^ Vawcer Voucer Hostium = Ost ium A Door opening. Jointable "1 Joyntabyl j Probably String-Com-se or " Crokyd Von Cornice. Voucert^s.'^ Joppy A Roof Brace. Vente Eyngatable A Flat Piece of Stone suit- able for a Step. Mauntell Beam over a Chimney Vyse Opening. Felewell Meremium Building Timber. Squarpece Moynell = Mot lial Mullion. Leggement Moldyngbord Wood Patterns for moldings. Docelctte . Leather Aprons. A Boss in a groined vault. Stancheons and Saddle-bars. A Crocket or Finial. The sides of an Oven. A Wall plate. Thatcher. A Label Stop. Piece of Stone supporting the end of a Beam. Cf. Bressummer. Probably some form of Stone worked on the circle. Internal Door or Window Arch. Cf. Scoi7ison. Thatching Reed. The Ashlar Course between Plinth and Base-Course. Plinth. Base course. Plastei-ing. An Angle Cresting or Coping as on a Polygonal Turret. Scaftblds. Setting-out Board. Voussoir or Arch-Stone. nceres," "Sengi/l Voiiceres" *' Dow/jle Embrasure of a Battlement. " Vente pro Embatayle- ment." A circular Stair. VarioxLS kinds of worked stone not yet identified. 22 KING'S HOSTEL, TRINITY COLLEGE B. KING'S HALL ACCOUNT BOOKS TYPICAL EXTRACTS RELATING TO THE ERECTION OF THE PISTRINUM (1411—1415) Expense facte circa novum Pistrinum. Item pro ij eqiiis missis cum duobus sociis ad Shelforde ad loquend' cum carpentaris viij*. Item pro quatuor lapidibus vocat. somom-s iiij''. „ pro cariagio iij jopys cum septem stozis iij' iiij'i. Item pro parva tabula ad mooldys ij*. Item pro sjj mill' de sclatte et iiijc"" vij" viij' viij*. Item pro quatuor mill' de tyle xxvj» viij''. Tegulatores. Item ij c de estrygbord et vj et cariagio eorimdem iij" ij' vi''. Conventiones none pistrina. Item conventum est cum Thorleby pro si ped' de Joyntabyl latitudinis ix poll' spiss" iiij poll' precii pedis j'' ob. Item pro xxx ped' de Kyngystabyl precii pedis (blank) et habet in partem solucionis vi'^ viii'' Sat. Empcio meremii praeter convencionem Carpentarii Reyner. Imprimis pro iij peciis meremii empt' in nundinis nativitatis sancti Johannis cum carigio m]^ viij''. Item pro xv Jestys Ion'* xiij ped' lati'* in quadro viij pollic' et vij pollic' xvj« iij"*. Exp", facte circa nonim Pistrinum. Conventum est cum Henrico Ihec de Baryngton ad habend' petras infrascript' viz. iiij beketes pro duobus hosteis It xxx squarpec' Item v-"'' pedes de Jambes pro fenestris Item c™ pedes de vaucers quorum medietas erunt recta et alia curva. Item 1 pedes de soyles et dictus Henricus inveniet carragium petrarum praedictarum et habebit in <'rosso iiij" et warantizabit petras praedictas integram sine aliqua lesioue quousque pervenerint ad mauus latami et recepit in partem solucionis per manus Aschenden xl^ Lathami and leyers and other entries. Prioris de Stoke pro tribus querquibus adquisitis per Petrum Stucle iij' iiij'*. Stone from Hynton. Item pro ligatura ad stagys iij"". „ pro duodecim berdyll pro stages iij^ Item pro jamb vaucers herthstonys et questys xiv' x"". Item conventum est cum Roberto Adam de Burwell pro Ixiij carucatis de clunche pro xxxv» ad habendum citra octavum diem mensis Aprilis et soHt' sunt ei pre manibus in partibus solucionis vjs yiijd gt convenitur quod habebit residuum cum impleverit convencionem. Item remunerat' Dodyngton magistro operis xiij» iiij'* et pro prandio suo et sue uxoris et famuli wij''. Item pro vino ad cenam predicti iiij''. Infrascripti soluerunt viginti solidos ad fabricam nove pistrine loco gentaculi in introitu faciend'. Convenciones Nove Pistrine. Cum Johanne Hawkyswell de Stanford et Johanne Wade de Eston pro xij mill de sclatt et erit perforat' et batja-d et erit consimilis bouitatis qualis erit aliquod .sclatt ductum ad Cantabr' ad vendend' pretium j. mill xij' vi**. Conventum est cum heurico Ihec de Baryngton ad habend' petra infrascript'. viz. iiij beketes pro duobus hosteis. It' xxx squarpec'. Item V" pedes de Jambes pro fenestris. Item c"" pedes de vaucers quarum medietas erunt recta et alia curva. et dictus Henricus... waranti- zabit petrus prediotas integras sine aliqua lesione quousque pervenerint ad maniis latami et recepit in partem solucionis per manus Aschendem xl». 1412-13. Item pro caruoatu straminis ad cooperturam marorum xviij"". KING'S HOSTEL, TRINITY COLLEGE 23 E-vpeiue fcwte circa novum Pistrinam. Item pro centum pedibus et ix et di xliij" et ii'' de tabyll et gabylhvall etcet'. Item pro xix pedibus de Kyngstable ad graduni fornacis iiij" viii''. Item pro j c tabularum de estrygbord. xxxiij" viij''. Item pro expensis Ric" Wrythe traiismissi ad videndum meremium iiij" ij''. Item pro nuncio cum expensis et pro equo pro ij dies misso ad Breudon Ferry ad vidcnduui meremium die ionis prox ante festum Pentecosti xix'' pro quibus satisfaciet Reynor. Item conventum est cum Johanno Hawky.swell de Stamford pro vi mill de sclat. ad liabond' ante festum Pentecost' quod erit sufficienter batryd et boryd et erit adeo bonum vel melius "I ^ ^ s &= ?t ^ GROUND FLOOTl PLAN AS KEMODELLED (PLATE E) 28 TEIMTY {"OLLEGE <^mB BLOdlE WIMA3 iLmmuiiD yn'' Scale ; PLATE K) 29 3 Q^ Co[LEqE Si-ptEEj. We^tmi/vster- SW. FIRST FLUOR PLAN AS REMODELLED (PLATE F) 30 TRINITY' COLLEGE ei^sT nmw, pjlm m MznmuMD. BLACK SCORED WHIJE = DOUBTFUL DAJE BLACK = I4'^."CEA(7URY (t3/£~^o) qR-EY = 15™ „ (l/J.18-22.) YELLOW ^ PRESE/^y CHAPEL {\556) QREE/N = A(E\/lLLES WORK C)600 BROWN RED IS . CEN JURY SCALE OF FEET (505-6. 20 (PLATE F) 31 -DOTTED LINtS SHEW GAKDE KOBE AND VESTIBVLE 3 (5^Co[le<5e57Ree7 WEJTMiAISTER, 5W. SECOND FLOOR PLAN A8 KEMOUELLED (PLATE G) 32 TOiNnnr tolleoe }qn& HdD^TEL 5E€(0)NI1) Jimm PIOTM mimOBJEXLEDo rT,Tnpr,,-rirP5- S.v PLATE J 35 TRINITY COLLEGE KmCS HOSTEL lirsh Hoar P(art Uforr cBcrnn^ oul fflfH -f 1 ^ F P ^7 PLATE K 36 imm COLLEGE KinCS HOSTEL SeconJ ■Jloor Rat Ijjcn o^w'"^ «r- i ini ii r F F- 4^ F F Sj«i»-if'\ifc /l^-7^^7^(^ 3 S"^ Co^KCC SprtWT PLATE L 37 TR!Nf.TY COLIXCE KINGS HOSTEL fmfH -f F F f ^ /itj'P^ t(lST pLEVyATTT^; _ _ _/^crt) "po^ a.r{h* 3 G^ Cowv.'rcc "Stttcet KEY PLAN-SUGGESTED PLAN BEFORE 1557 (PLATE M) 38 KEY PLAN (PLATE M) r.g ffl THE LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara 5 THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW. Series 9482 I I ?'«fl^f, *C'[/7V