m&9 Grose Antiquities of the county of Norfolk THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES ::.i ■ 'mwL f^^^¥^m^ 'mmmm.. ^•m: MORfi'OliK:. /%ii-L I rut; ANTIQUITIES OF THK COUNTY OF NORFOLK By FRANCIS GROSE, Esq., F.S.A. EXTRACTED FROM IIIS GENERAL WORK ON THE ANTK^CITIES OF ENGLAND AND WALES, MDCCXCVII. LONDON: JOHN GRAY BELL, BEDFORD STREET, COVENT GARDEN. MDCCCXLIX. JtWtA NO KFOLK sThe G E r m a N O C E A KT 9 -Xt^/ffM^IMl \4^'- TLrOljKfttS ., 1.1/ 'Ut •S i-r.ikc "5-,^ 7 ^ " 11^ n. Jluiuti: .^^ .....^":;'zj^^t-'n-/'4f'" ^ - *7 Z^ntr't^'t ^Y >h"jy' tr»'' I iTTiT * I -, 7 - - #^ ^5- oTiithtii'C r>Mrf '^/i? OIV n«/ii-/- •'"'^^ .K'»ii. ■nUv} •ckLif V.-J/i Croxtvn. uU^-A f:^' "Ziat'hiVn Vuf. JutlcSypor- .i><^ •^/./> ^tr r ./r-r NORFOLK Is a maritime county on the eaft coall; of the iflanJ, which before the arrival of the Romans, belonged to the principality of the Iceni ; but alter their elsbliniment here was belonging to their province of Flavia Csfarienfis which reached from the Thames to the Humber. During the Saxon Heptarchy it wss incluJed in the kingdom of the Eaft Angles, the 6th they eftabliilicd, which began in 575, and ended in 792, having had 14 kings. It is now irclud-.d in the circuit and diocefe of its own name, and province of Canterbury. It is bounded on the north by the German Ocean; on the fouth by Suffolk; weft by the counties of Cambridge and Lincoln; and on the eaft by the German Ocean; being of an elliptical form, furrounded by the fea and four rivers. It contains 1,143,000 fquare acres, or 1426 miles; being 60 miles long, 35 broad ; and 140 in circum- ference; it has above 283,000 inhabitants, 47,180 houfes, contains 660 pariflies 164 vicarages, 1499 villages; one city, Norwich, and 3a market towns, viz. Thet- ford, Lynn, Yarmouth, Walfmgham, Burnham, Ayleftiam, North Walfliam, South Walfham, Caftle-Rifing, Harling-Eaft, Hickling, Buckenham, Harlefton, Attle- VOL. IV. borough, 1109804 NORFOLK. borough, Fakenham, Loddon, Cafton, Cromer, Dereham, Difs, Downham, Foulfliam, Hingham, Holt, Methvvold, Repeham, Secliing, Snetrtiam, SvvatFham, Watton, Windham and Worfted. It is divided into 31 hundreds, fends 13 Members to Parhament, pays 22 parts of the Land-tax, fends 960 men to the national Militia. Its principal rivers are the Oufe, Yare, Waveney, Winfer, Thyrn, Neve, Lynn, Wiffey, Bradon, Stoke, Duze, Ingol, and feveral lefler flreams. Its capes are Winterton and Eaflon Nefs; its fands are thofe of Yarmouth, &c. It has live light-houfes; and Bofton and Lynn Deeps, Well and Clay Harbours, Yar- mouth and Lynn Ports, Haven's Mouth, Hitcham Haven, We)born Hope, Yar- mouth Roads, Cromer's Bay. Its moft noted places are feveral parks, many fmall meers, and feveral fait marflies near the fea. Its chief produdt are paftures, fafFron, corn, malt, honey, all forts of fi(h, fowl, (wild and domeflick) and game, wood, cattle, fhcep and rabbits. The remains of Roman, Saxon, or Danifh encampments are but fevir in this county, thofe that exift are at Old Buckenham, at Tafborough, at Caiiler, near Yarmouth, the Burdykes near Creake, and that near Burnham, which confifls of eight acres. As to the Roman Roads, that called Erming Street, which enters this county from Suffolk, hath here its termination. It proceeds from Icklingham in Suffolk to Buckenham, the Sitomagum of the Romans, from thence to a ford near Thetford, and by a great Danifli Work, named the Caftle, to Larlingford, thence in a ftraight lin; within a mile of Buckenham, where it is loft, thence to Tafbo- rough, and near South Rucknam to Yarmouth, where it terminates the Venta Icenorum of many; but I take Brancafter to be the Venta Icenorum, and the road to have run from New Buckenham to Old Buckenham, Attleborough, Hingham, Market Deerham, Fakenham, Creak, Burnham, and thence to Brancafter. ANTIQUITIES in this COUNTY worthy notice. Barfham Monaftery near Walfmgham Billockby Church Bicklington Houfe Bingham Priory near Walfingham Bromholni Priory near Cromer Buckenham Caftle Burgh Caftle near Yarmouth Caftle Acre, Caftle and Priory Caftle Hall, or Cnftle near Norwich Caftle Rifing Caftle Coxford Abbey near Rainham Creak Priory Kitt's Caftle near Norwich St. Margaret and St. Nicholas's Churches in Lynn Melton Conftable Norwich Cathedral and Caftle Our Ladies Mount St. Mary's Church and Priory and Pa- lace at Thetford Priory of the Old Houfe, Thetford Gate of St. Mary's, Thetford Walfingham Priory, Abbey and Caftle Wymondham Abbey Yarmouth Church !V|tll((f?Ht THE ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND AND WALES. BILLOCKBY CHURCH, NORFOLK. This church stands near the eastern extremity of the county of Norfolk, on the road leading from Yarmouth to Norwich. According to Blomfield, it is mentioned in the Domesday Survey, Avhen it was endowed with seven acres of land, then valued at Td. per annum, fn the 10th of Henry III. Ralph de Bray passed the advowson of this church by fine to Nicholas de Holcdis. Regi- nald de Eccles, who was possessed of considerable property here, by his will, dated 1380 and proved 1381, directed that his body should be buried on the north side of the chancel of this church. John de Eccles his son, by his last will and testament, dated J 883 and proved 1384, bequeathed the reversion of this manor to be sold, and all the produce exceeding 100/. to be expended in the repairs of this church and chancel, mending the causeways of Wey bridge and Bastwick, and putting out poor girls as appren- tices. It seems likely from the stile of this building, that a thorough repair, almost equal to a re-edification, took place at this time, as scarce any part of it appears of the age ascribed to the orio-Jnal buildin";. In the 7th of Hen. VII. the advowson belonged to Tho. Snyt- terton and Robert Pylalie, who conveyed it to Thomas Godsalve; he in the 32d of the sanie reign granted it to Henry Hobart. Anno 1552 Robert Mahew was presented to this church, and Thomas Mahew in 1631. In 1740, Sir George England. VOL. IV. A The 2 N O R F O L K. The church is dedicated to All Saints, is a rectory, the ancient valor is six marks, and Peter-pence 5d. ob. The present valor is 21. 18s. 9d. and is discharged. Here, sa^'s Blomfield, were the lights of St. Mary and St. Nicholas : probably he means tapers kept burning to the honour of those holy personages. In the chancel window were the arms of Harvey impaling Dengayn and Jenny. This edifice exhibits a more picturesque appearance than can be conveyed by an engraving; the mixture of free-stone, flint, and brick in its walls ; the ancient thatch with which the chancel is mostly covered, enriched with grass, moss, and stained of dif- ferent hues, contrasted with new straw lately laid on, together afibrd a variety of tints which cannot be expressed by black and white. The nave and tower of this church are in ruins ; the chancel is patched up, and still used for divine service. — This view was drawn anno 1776. CASTLE ACRE CASTLE. (Plate L) This castle stands in the western part of the county, in the hun- dred of Frebrig. Close to its southern wall runs a small river. It was anciently the seat of the Earls Warren, and it is said to derive its name from being situated in a field. It must be owned the etymology is not very striking, unless it alludes to the area enclosed within the walls of its citadel or keep, which is reported to measure just an acre. The ruins of this castle are very extensive, and from their com- manding situation, it must have been very strong. The keep or citadel was circular, defended on three sides by a deep ditch : and on the south side by a strong wall; at the foot of which runs the river. Before the south side of the keep was a considerable area, per- haps used as a parade to draw up and exercise the garrison ; on the east side whereof are the remains of a gate, or rather wall, running cross i «...^, 1 NORFOLK. 3 cross the ditch, having a sort of covert-way, serving to flank or command it. On the west side of the citadel are the remains of a gate leading into the outer court or ward of the castle, where are the ruins of many buildings, probably once the dwelling of the artificers and servants belonging to this fortress, as also the barracks of that part of the garrison not immediately on duty. These form a kind of street, running north and south, and having a gate at each end ; that on the north side in tolerable repair. The castle stands about an hundred yards east of the abbey -wall. The time when this castle was built is not known; nor has either history or tradition preserved the name of its builder. It is however more than probable that it was built soon after the Conquest by William Earl of Warren, to whom the Conqueror granted one hundred and thirty-nine lordships in this county. It is mentioned in a charter by his son to the monks of the mo- nastery founded here anno 1190. John, the last Earl Warren, gave this manor with all his lands to King Edward II. and afterwards King Edward III. in the second year of his reign, anno 1328, granted the above donation to Ri- chard Eitz Alan, Earl of Arundel, son of Alice, sister and heir of John, Earl of Warren; in which family they continued till Henry, Earl of Arundel, 1st of Elizabeth, sold this manor to Sir Thomas Gresham, who bought the priory of the Duke of Norfolk, to whom King Henry VIII. had granted it. It was afterwards in the possession of the Cokes of Holkham, and lately the property of the dowager Countess of Leicester, and entailed on Coke, Esq. her husband's nephew. — This view was drawn 17?2. (PLATE II.) This plate shews the north gate of the castle, which stands west of the entrenchment, surrounding the keep or citadel. In the south wall, near the river, was another gate, now in ruins. From the read communicating between these, this view was taken 4 NORFOLK. taken anno J7?l. On each side of this road arc some scattered houses, forming a kind of street. Hereabouts, it is said, were formerly the dweUings of the labourers and artificers belonging to the garrison. CASTLE ACPxE, OR, ESTACRE MONASTERY. (Plate L) William de Waruen, the first Earl of Surrey, and Gundred his wife, going on a pilgrimage to Rome, in their way visited several religious houses to offer up their orisons, among others the abbey of Cluni in Burgundy ; where, being respectfully entertained by the prior and convent, that order so gained their good opinion, that they resolved an abbey they were about to endow, through the exhortations of Lanfrank, archbishop of Can- terbury, should be for monks of the Cluniac order, and accordingly obtained from that convent four of their body, and anno 1085, beo-an to erect here a monastery for twelve monks. It was dedi- cated to St. Mary, and made subordinate to one that earl had founded near his castle at Lewes, in Sussex. To it he gave the church of Acre, with those of TNletleworld, Roinges, called Leden- chirch, AVilkemer, and Trunchet, with all that belonged to them, and two parts of his tythes. These benefactions were confirmed by his son William in three charters, with the donations of divers other persons, and many additions of his own. Roger, the son of Wimer, lord of the honour of Grestinghal, in this county, conferred on these monks the churches of Kemeston, Dunham, Estlechesham, Wesenhamptorp, AVichresfeld, Winesbo- tesham, with their tythes, and some other lands. Roger, the son of ^Villiam the sewer, gave one croft, west of Kemeston ; Alan, the son of Flaald, and his wife Adelin, the lands of Kemeston and Sparle ; Roger, sewer to the Earl of War- ren, the mill at Leckesham; Drogo, the son of William, sewer of Grestinghal, the churches and lands of Estlechesham, Dun- ham, Kemeston, AVeseham, Congham, and the tythes of Wines- botesham. Illfi'l lii! nifti' f >"■ NORFOLK. 5 boteblmm, Wichresfeld, Grimston, and ITogade. Roger, the sou of William, sewer, confirmed the grants of the mill of Westmuln, and the land of W'eseham. Osmund Seutevil, lord of the honour of (ireslinghal; Isabel, the wife of Berengarlus deCressy; Robert deVallibus; Nicholas Ilay; Brien, the son of Schollund ; Con- stance, the wife of Ralph, the son of Robert de Biera, were all benefactors to this house; whose particular deeds may be seen in the Monasticon. Herbert, Bishop of Norwich, granted his licence for founding this priory, and directed tythes to be paid to it ; and l*^l)rad, bishop of that diocese, confu-mcd the same. In the 24tli of King Edward I. the estates of this house were seized upon, under pre- tence of its being an alien priory ; but sufllcient proof being made, that it was in no respect subject to the power or assessment of any foreign prince or monastery, except only that it was visited by the abbot of Cluni, uhen he came into England, in the thirty- fourth year of the same reign, its privileges and possessions were restored; and King Edward II. in the eighteenth year of his reign, ordained, that it should not any uays be molested as foreign, it having in his father's time been proved and declared indigenous or native. The priories of Mendham, Broniholm, Reinhani, and Selves- holm, were all cells to this house; but that of Bromholm war discharged from its subjection by the bull of Pope Celestin, dated in the fourth year of his pontificate. The revenues of this community were valued, the 26th of King Henry VIII. at 3067. Us. 4(1 . ob. q. Dugdule ; 324/. 17^'. 4d. ob. q. Speed; but according to Stephens, only 2!}67. Jl5. 4d. ob. q. clear. It was (says Tanner) granted the 29th of Henry Vlll. to Thomas, Duke of Nortblk. It has since successively belonged to Sir Thomas Gresham, and the Lord Lovel. About fifty years ago it was purchased by the late Earl of Leicester, and is at pre- sent the property of the Countess Dowager of Leicester, his widow. — This drawing was made anno 1111. to VOL. IV. B (PLATE 6 :norfolk. (PLATE II.) The following particulars of this priorj- are given in tbe Reve- rend Mr. Parkin's Topographical History of Preebridge Hundred and a half, in the county of Norfolk, printed anno 1772. On the 22d of November, 1533, Thomas Mailing, prior, and his convent, surrendered this priory, with the manor of Castleacre Priors, and all its appurtenances, to King Henry YIII. In the surrender-deed, 'tis expressed, *' for certain causes, just and rea- sonable, them, their souls and consciences, especially moving, to- gether with the site of all the manors, messuages, lands and tene- ments, rents and services, &c. advowsons, and all manner of things thereunto belonging in Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex, JMiddlesex, Cam- bridgeshire, &c. in England and Wales; and signed by Thomas Mailing, prior, and ten monks; ^iz. John Hownswoad, WiJliam Burguillion, Robert Daniel, Robert Pishe, William Elys, John Bets, Edmund Wodenowe, John Lowe, Robert Saory, and Robert Halman; and these following were found guilty of the most no- torious incontinency and uncleanness, John Bets, ^\ illiam Elys, Robert Hocton, Robert Snape, James Heldington, Edward Acres, and Edward Kirby. The king, on December 22, in his 39th year, granted the site of this priory, the prior's manor, the impropriated rectory and advowson of the vicarage, to Thomas Howanl, Duke of Norfolk ; and in the 2d of Elizabeth, the Duke of Norfolk alienated it to Thomas Gresham, who, in the preceding year, had purchased also of Henrv, Earl of Arundel, the lordship of the earl's manor of Castleacre. The duke is said to convey his part for two thousand pounds. Gresham conveyed his right in both these lordships to Thomas Cecil, afterwards Earl of Exeter; and his son 'William, Earl of Exeter, sold them to Sir Edward Coke; whose descendant, the Right Honourable Thomas Coke, Earl of Leicester, was lord of the manor of Arundel, or Earl's, Prior's, and Fox's impro- priator and patron, of the vicarage. The NORFOLK. 7 The site of the priory church hes west of the castle, was ii venerable large Gothic pile of free-stone, flint, &c. and built in a cathedral or conventual manner; great part of the front, or west end of it, is .still remaining, Avhere the pnncipal enti-ance was through a great arch, over which was a stately window ; on each side of the great door were doors to enter into the N. and S. isles, under the tower, as the grand doors served for an entrance into the nave or body. At the north and south end of this front, or west end, stood two towers, supported by strong arches and pil- lars. The nave or body had twelve great pillars, making seven arches on each side, the lowest joining to the towers. On the east end of the nave stood the grand tower, supported by four great pillars, through which was the entrance into the choir. On the south and north sides of this tower were two cross isles or transepts ; and at the end of the north transept there seems to have been a chapel or vestiary. The choir was of equal l)readth \\ith the nave and aisles, but much shorter, and at the east end of it, was in form of a chapel; and here stood the high altar, as I take it. The cloister was on the south side of the church, and had an entrance into it at the west end of the south aisle, near to the tower; and another at tlie east end of the said aisle, near the grand tower. The chapter-house seems to have joined to the east side of the cloister, and the dormitory to have been over the v^est part of the cloister. West of the cloister, and adjoining, was the prior's apartment, now converted into a farm-house. In a large room above stairs, now called the prior's dining-room, is a cnrious bow window of stone, consisting of nine pannels. — In the first were the arms of the priory painted on the glass. — In the second, the arms of the Earl of Arundel and Earl Warren, quar- terly, but now broke and gone. — In the third, Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk; gules, a lion rampant, argent. — Fourth, the red and white rose united, and a crown over it. — Fifth, France and Eng- land quarterly. — Sixth, the rose, &c. as above. — Seventh, Earl Warren's arms. — Eiginh, quarterly, the Earl of Arundel in the first 8 NOrxFOLK. first and loarili quarters ; and in the second and third, Matrevers, sable, frctty, or, and Fitz Alane, baron of Clun, P. fess, azure and argent quarterly. — Ninth, argent, a cross compony, or an azure, between twelve cross crosslets, flche, sable ; the priory , arms, as I take it, and these letters, I. W. joined together by a knot, and under it, SPITIV PRINCIPALI CONFIRMA ME. By this it appears, that this window was built by John ^yin- chelsey, prior in the reign of Henry VII. or VIII. Afterwards it might be converted into a dining-room ; but that it was ori- ginally a large chapel, and this room was only the west end of it, is apparent ; it extended to the south tower of the church, where at the east end of it is a large window, as in a chapel, and a step or ascent here, as to an altar ; and on the south wall, near to this ascent, is an arched covered seat of stone, rising in form of a pyra- mid, with a shield of the Earl Warren alone ; which testifies it to be an antique pile, built in their time, before the patronage of the priorj^ came to the Earls of Arundel ; and at the north-east corner, near to the altar-place, is a door-place with a stone arch ; and here was a stone stair-case which led down into the cloister. In another room was, a few years past, in a window, the broken portraiture of one of the earls of Arundel, in armour, with a broad sword in his hand ; and on his surcoat, the arms of Arun- del, ]\Iatrevers and Clun, as above, and part of the legend, " My trust ys ;" also on a chapeau, gules, and oaken slip, vert, acorned, or. The site of this priory took in several acres. The grand entrance was north of the priory church, which is now standing, a large and stately gate-house of free-stone. Over the arch, as you enter, are the arms of the Earl Warren of Arundel, and Earl Warren, quarterly, France and England, and those of the priory. The whole site was inclosed with a lofty stone wall, good part of which is still standing. PRIORS. NORFOLK. PRIORS. Ang-evina occurs about 1130. — Jordan about II6O. — Richard occurs prior in Bishop Turbas's time, bishop of Norwich. — Odo oc- curs about ll80.~Hugh in 1190 and 1195. Maimond about 1200. — Lambert de Kempston in 1203. — Philip de Mortimer in 1203 and 1211.— Robert de Alenson, about 1220, probably the same with Ptobert de Bozun, who occurs in 1219 and 1227. Ralph de Wesenham in 1239-— William de Kent.— Adam in 1250.— John de Granges in 1252 and 1255.— Walter de Stan- mere in 1258 and I267.— Robert de Hakebach in 1270.— William de Scorham. Benedict in 1286. Robert Porter in 1308. — John Homelyn — John de Acre — Wal- ter de Franceys in 1311. — Peter de Jocello in 1317 and 1324. — Guy de Choryns in 1329 and 1337-- AVilliam de Warren.— Walter Pycott. — Thomas Wygenhale. — John Okinston. — Simon Sutton. — Thomas Bayley. — ^Thomas Tunbridge. John Shareshale in 1428. — Thomas Bates. — Richard Bennet in 1452. — Nicholas. — John Plumstede. — John Amflets in 1482. John Winchelsea occurs in 1510. — Thomas Chambers. — Thomas Mailing admitted prior in June 1519 ; sometimes called Thomas de Castle-acre : he was presented and nominated by the Bishop of Norwich, with John Salisbury, late prior of St. Faith's, at Horsham in Norfolk, to be suffragan bishop of Thetford, when Archbishop Cranmer chose Salisbury. Many persons of quality were here buried, especially those who held lordships, and were benefactors to this priory, under the Earl Warren. Alice, widow of Sir Eudo de x\rsie, daughter of Harvey-Canis, Lord of Durham-Magna, gave 6s. rent per ann. out of lands in the tenure of Alianore, and Alice her daughter, to be paid to the sacrist, for the maintenance of a lamp before the cross, where the body of her husband rests ; witness Sir Alex- ander Arsie, her son and heir ; Sir Frederick de Capravill ; Re- ginald de Gey ton, then seneschal of Acre. Sir Richard le Rus, Lord of East Lexhani, gave his body to be buried, with five acres VOL. IV. c of 10 NORFOLK. of land, and 12d. per annum, rent." — This view, drawn fron) the south-east corner of the cloister, and shewing the east window of what is called the prior's lodgings, was taken anno 177 !• CASTTvE, OR CASTOR HALL OR CASTLE (Plate I.) Tins building stands in the manor of Castor, from which it takes its name, distant north from Great Yarmouth about three miles. It seems rather to have been a castellated mansion, than an edifice calculated for defence. The time of its erection is not exactly known ; but from its materials, which are brick, it cannot be older than about the beginning of the reign of Henry VL when that manor belonged to Sir John Fastolfte, a general and knight of the garter. The manor of Castor had been in that family ever since the 9th of Edward 11. Avhen Thomas Fastolffe purchased it of Sir Oliver Ingham, Knt. and it is more than probable some house or castle might then be standing ; indeed Tanner mentions one as early as Edward I. A MS. in the possession of tlie late Mr. Anstis, Garter King of Arms, relates that Sir John Fastolffe having taken the Duke of Alen9on prisoner at the battle of Agincourt, that duke agreed as a ransom to build a castle here, similar to his own in France ; in con- sequence of which agreement this castle was erected at his expense. The evidence of this MS. is corroborated by a common tradition to the same effect. A MS. account of this building, by Mr. Blomfield, says, that Henry V. gave licence to Sir John to build Castor House as strong as himself could devise, and appointed it as a fortification for Yarmouth. This permission it is, however, evident he did not avail himself of, and perhaps those were only words of course inserted in his licence to crenellate. The battle of Agincourt was fought anno 1415 ; and supposing this castle to have been begun even three or four years after that event, it will place Castor Castle very forward among the oldest brick buildings in this kingdom. Sir NORFOLK. 11 Sir John Fastolfte, who died anno 1459, it is said, interKled to have founded here a college for a master, six priests, and seven poor men, and to have endowed it with an annuity of one hun- dred, and twenty marks, chargeable upon several manors. A peti- tion was accordingly exhibited to the crowu for a licence, and an inquisition taken thereupon ; but this design was never completed, probably owing to the death of Sir John, so that it dwindled down to a chantry of 53s. per ann. as appears by the valuation taken 26 Henry VIII. Tanner says, " There had been an ancient free chapel in the manor house here, dedicated to St. John the Baptist, as early as the reign of Edward I. wherein Sir John Fastolff, who died 38th Henry VI. intended to have erected a college for seven monks, or secular priests (one of whom to be head) and seven poor men, and to endow the same with one hundred and twenty marks rent- charge, out of several manors, which he gave or sold to his cousin John Paston, sen. Esq. charged with this charity. This Mr. Paston, sen. laboured to establish this pious foundation, according to Sir John FastoltF's design, till his death, 6 Edward IV. as did after- wards his son and heir, Sir John Paston, Knight ; but whether it was incorporated and fully settled, I much doubt, there being no further mention of it, either in the roils or in tlie bishop of Nor- wich's Registry; only in the valuation 26 Henry VIII. there is said to have been a chantry in Castre Hall, of the foundation of Sir John Fastolff, Knt. worth 21. ISa. 4>d. per ann. According to Sir John's intended foundation, the master of the college was to have 10/. per ann. every priest ten marks, every poor man 40s. and the fourth part of the great mansion here for habitation. William Botener, alias de Worcester, in his Itinerary, pre- served in Bennet College, Cambridge, relates, that this castle was besieged twice in the reign of Edward IV. once by the Duke of Norfolk, and another time by the Lord Scales. In the account of these transactions, this foundation is mentioned as being di- rected by the last will of Sir John Falstolffe. As this extract con- tains 12 NORFOLK. tains several very curious particulars, it shall be given in length in the next plate. John Ives, jun. Esq. of Yarmouth, from whose collection this extract was obtained, as also that of Blomfield, likewise kindly communicated a plan of this building, from which the following description is taken ; but as it has no scale annexed, the measures cannot be ascertained. This mansion or castle inclosed a court, in figure a rectangled parallelogram, whose south and north sides were somewhat larger than those on the east and west. On the north-west angle was the tower, which, according to Anstis, is upwards of one hundred feet in height. The grand entrance lay over a draw-bridge on the west side. On the right hand, on entering the great hall, which Wor- cester's MS. says measured fifty-nine feet in length and twenty- eight in breadth, adjoining to this tower, was the dining-room, the great fire-place of which is still to be seen : directly east of this, communicating by a draw-bridge, stood the college, which appears to have encompassed three sides of a square, whose area was larger than that included within the walls of the mansion. Its west side was bounded by the mote; at its south-east and north-east angles it had two round towers; towards the west end of Its north side ran the great avenue. This building was in all likehhood the ancient hall or mansion mentioned by Tanner. Round the modern castle ran a mote, which, according to tra- dition communicated with a navigable creek. In a small build- mg now used for a farm-house, a Httle south-west of the mansion, is shewn a large arch, capable of receiving a boat of considerable burthen; this is called the barge-house. When it is considered the changes the different creeks and channels hereabouts have un- dergone, this assertion will not appear improbable. At present only the west and north walls of the building are remaining, together with the tower. The south and east sides are neariy levelled with the ground; what is remaining of the college is converted into barns and stables. On an arch over a bow- A . //„• 7/a// 1) r. Ji^A)/f ar /^^/^er ^Jr.r//t' ]\W/M NORFOLK. 13 bow-window in the inside of these ruins was the coat of arms of Sir John Falstolfte, surrounded with the garter, fairly carved in stone. This has lately been taken down, and is deposited in some public hbrary. — This view, svhich shews the south-west aspect of the build- ing, was drawn anno 1775. (PLATE IL) The following is the extract respecting this castle mentioned m the preceding plate. It is taken from the Itinerary of William Botener, alias de Worcester, in the library of Benet's College, Cambridge. This Botener was an historian, bard, and herald: he wrote the life and actions of Sir John Fastolf, which book is supposed to have once been in the IMS. Library at Lambeth. On the feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Mary, nine years before the castle was besieged on St. Bartholomew's Day, a cruel day, with guns at the castle, and the siege lasted for seven days. Here follows the names of the men at arms besieging the castle and fortress of Castle Fastolf, beginning on JMonday before the feast of St. Bartholomew, in the year of the King Edward IV. the king then being at Coventry, and the said siege continued till day of September. John Duke oi" Norfolk, liis Riotlicr, Sir William Callhorp, R. Letham, Esq. of Plunistcdw, Sir Gilbert Debenham, Lancastre, Esq. Sir Will. Brandon, Knt. Humfrey Talbot, Knt. Sir John Arvenyngham first sent to deliver the castle to the duke but the lieutenant refused. Thomas Wingfield, Esq. Sir Humphry Talbot, William Wingfield, Esq. Sir Will. Calthorpe, Swansey, Esq. Sir J. Hevinghani, Hue. Anstyn, Esq. Sir Gilbert Debenham, John Waldgrace, Knt. Sir T. Wyngfield, Debenham, jun. Sir William Brandon, Sir Philip Wentworth, Knt. Mr. Symond Fitzsymonde, Esq. VOL, IV, D Item 14 NORFOLK. Item eleven sons Laiicastres Archbishop Selssangor, by Mr. Tjiuperley, Esq. James Radclyff, Esq. Mr. Richard Southwell, Esq. Black John de Radclytt, Mr. Gilbert Debenhani, sen. Esq. Sir William Debenhani, Mr. Broke, son of Lord Cobhani, Esq. Sir Robert Debenhani, Mr. Bardwell of Ilarlyng, Norfolk, Esq. The son" of Lawrence Reynford, Knt. Mr. Stewarde, from near Cromer, Esq. The son of Foulke Stafford, Esq. Memorandum, Lord Anthony, Lord Scalys, likewise another time entered the castle of Castle Fastolf, in the name of King Edward IV^. and a certain cursed William Yeherton, of the priory of Norwich, with his help, and Scanning, Gentleman, M'ith other servants of that lord, kept possession of the castle for the space of half , to the great prejudice of the goods of the said castle, under the scandalous and groundless pretence, that John Paston, Esq. was a neif of the said king, although the same was false. Names of the persons defending the said castle against the duke. John Paston, junior, Esq. defended the siege in the place of John Paston, Knt. his brother, who was absent. J. Dawbenny, Esq. killed with a quarrel,* Osborn Berney, Esq. Osbern de Castre, valet,t Sander Cokby de Maltby, valet, Richard Tolle, valet, John Bett, valet, Jf undynet, born in France, Tho. Salern of Castor, John Vincent, ■ W. Vincent, W. Wod, R. Bylys. Robert Ormond de Maltby, ent, ^ serving Paston, junior. Davy Coke, servant of J. F. John Roos of Philby, John Osbern of Philby, John Nor\vode, Raulyns, a foreigner. Will. Peny, a soldier of Calais, John Life of Calais, Matthew Ducleman, Thomas Stunipys:' handles and will shoot witli a bowe for a nubie, John Painpyng of Norwich, John Chapman, a soldier belonging to the Duke of Somerset, John Jackson of Lancashire, John Spark of Marsham. And first, John the afore-named duke, a week before siege was laid to this castle, sent John Hevenyngham, Knt. a relation of Sir John Fastolf, with a message to John Paston, Esq. the younger, * A dart shot from a cross bow. f Valet here probably means a servant ; though it often is put for a cadet or volunteer, also young gentlemen under tlie age of eigliteen. t In the original, " Handles et vult sagittare pro noble." lieutenant NORFOLK. 15 lieutenant of John Paston, knigbt, his brother, for the safe keep- ino- thereof to the use of his brother, during his absence on the service and business, A . . . B . . . importing that he the duke had purchased the said castle of a certain WilUam Yelverton , Justice of Norfolk, named one of the executors of Sir John Fas- tolf, Knt. Lord of this castle, although it was contrary to his will and testament that it should be sold; he having there ordained, that it should be a house of prayer, and for poor people for ever, to be founded for offering up prayers for his soul, and the souls of his parents. And he, the said lieutenant of the castle, refused the delivery of the castle, because he had not received the custody thereof from the said duke, but only from John Paston, his bro- ther. At length, within ten days from that time, viz. on the said Monday, the said duke with his army, to the number of about three thousand armed men, surrounded the castle, and attacked it in three places, with machines, called in English, guns, culverynes, 8cc. &c. and other artillery, ordinance, and archers. The above is written in the most barbarous Latin imaginable, and in so bad a hand, that the transcriber was obliged to guess at several words. Nothing respecting this siege occurs in our ancient Chronicles. Besides this transcript, Mr. Les is possessed of several orio-inal M8S. relating to Sir J. Fastolf, one of them an account signed by himself; an exact copy of this signature is here given. The following passage is transcribed from the same book, published since the printing of the first edition of this work 1454, Castle Fastolf was taken a second time, by the watchfulness of the servant to the Duke of Norfolk, viz. John Colby. The valets and servants of John Paston, Knt. were sleeping in the afternoon, viz. the Lord's-day, '23d of June, to the great prejudice of the goods of Fastolf, Knt. in the custody of the said Paston. — ^This view, which represents the east aspect, was drawn anno 1775. NORWICH 16 NORFOLK. NORWICH CASTLE. TiiK spot whereon this castle stands, had on it a fortress or place of defence in the Saxon times, constructed by King Ufta about the year 575; after which a royal castle was built thereon by AlfVed the Great, before the year 873, which being destroyed by Sueno the Dane, in 1004, was rebuilt by King Canute, about the year 1018, and was for a long time gallantly defended against the forces of William the Conqueror, in the year 1075, by Emma, wife of Ralph de Waset, Earl of Norfolk, who at length, forced by famine, surrendered it on condition that the besieged should have leave to depart the realm. This building Blomelield sup- poses was removed to make room for the present castle, whose magnificent remains are here shewn, which was erected by Roger Bigod. On the death of the Conqueror, Roger Bigod took part with Robert, surnamed Courthose, and held this castle, then in his custody, for him; but on that dispute being compromised, AVil- liani Rufus, as had before been stipulated, suffered it to continue in his hands. In the reign of Henry I. Roger, William, and Hugh Bigod were successively constables of this castle, which was then used as a prison. In the beginning of the reign of King Stephen, Hugh Bigod was continued in this office, he having rendered that king an essential service, by declaring that Henry I. had nominated him his successor, in preference to his daughter Maud: but a short time after, Stephen deprived him of the castle, and granted the' custody thereof to his natural son William de Blois. On the accession of Henry II. that king took the castle into his own hands; but about the year 1163, he again committed it to the care of Hugh Bigod ; but he entering into a rebellion, the king, anno 1174, resumed it; Hugh going to the Holy Land, where he died. In NORFOLK. 17 In the reign of Richard I. Roger Bigod, son of the above Hugh, was constable of this castle, which he held till the follow- ing reign, when anno 1215, he siding with the barons, King John, by patent, appointed William IStarshall, Earl of Pembroke, and John Fitz Robert, constables of the castle of Orford and Norwich ; but they did not long hold them ; for on the 19th of July, ui the same year, Hubert de Burgh, a Norfolk man born, afterwards Earl ot Kent, was made governor of these castles. In the reign of Henry III. this castle was taken by the dauphin, without any resistance : he made William de Beaumont governor thereof; and when that prince quitted this kingdom, Hubert de Burgh again took possession of it; but the king being reconciled to Roger Bigod, Earl of Norfolk, committed it to his custody. He died anno 1200, and was succeeded in his estates and honours by his son Hugh, who dying the next year, the king appointed Hubert de Burgh, his chief justice, to have custody of his castles, lands, and honours : probably Hugh his son was a minor. In 1224, this castle was in the keeping of Roger Bigod, who surrendered it to the king. In 1240, this with the castle of Or- ford, were committed to the custody of the sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk; and in 1260, the magistrates of the city were obliged to sue for the royal pardon, for presuming to enter into the hberties of the castle. In 1261, Philip Marmion, of Tamworth Castle, was made constable of the castles of Norwich and Orford. In 1266, this castle was plundered by the barons; in 1273, Roger Bigod, Earl of Norfolk, had the custody of it; and in 1293, it was the county gaol, and the prior of Norwich allowed yearly ten quarters of wheat, baked into bread, 6s. 8d. to the con- stable, ISd. to the constable's clerk, 12c?. to the watchman, 18(1. to William de Knapton, the sheriff's esquire, and 405. on Candle- mas-day, to the sheriff himself. In 1300, Roger Bigod resigned it into the king's hands; and in 1312, Thomas de Brotherton became constable here, and fitted up the castle in the manner we now see, except its battlements, " which (says Blomfield) though so great an ornament to this VOL. IV. E ancient 18 NORFOLK. ancient pile, were not many years since taken down." His arms are carved on the pilaster of the arch of the stair-case, which, with the battlements, were built by him. The battlements have been since restored. In 1325, the sessions were directed to be held here; and the castle, in 1399, was made the public gaol for the county. In the 1st of Edward IV. as appears by the Rolls of Parliament, John Howard, Knt. was appointed constable of this castle by letters patent, dated 3d of February. In the 2d year of the reign of Richard III. John, Duke of Norfolk, had a grant of the office of constable of the castle of Norwich, " from March la&t past," during his life, with 20/. fee from the issues of the counties of Nor- folk and Suffolk, No. 433, MSS. Bib. Harl. In the year 1396, the ditches and meadow belonging to the castle were leased for building: and in 1509, the city paid 54/. 4s^ to the king, as a reserved rent for the same, an inquisition taken anno 1344, having found that they belonged to him. The bishop of Norwich, and the abbot of St. Edmund's-bury, both used to pay towards the castle-yard ; as did also the bishop of Ely, and abbot of Longley, " This castle (says Blomfield) was defended by a wall round the hill it stands on, and three ditches also round it. The extent of the outermost ditch reached, on the west part, to the edge of the present market place; on the north to London Lane, as it is now called, which it included; and on the east, almost to Conisford Street: the postern or back entrance was on the north-east part, for a communication to the site of the earl's palace, the precinct of which joined to it, and contained the whole, between the out- ward ditch and Tombland ; the southern part reached to the Golden Ball Lane, at the entrance of which the grand gate stood, from which there were bridges over each of the ditches ; the first has been immemorially destroyed, but the ruins of the second remained till the ditches were levelled by the city, for to keep their market for all manner of cattle, swine, &c. the third is left, which hath one arch only under it, but of such dimensions, if it were V- NORFOLK. 19 were open to the bottom (i^reat port of it I'jcing stopped with earth) that I beheve very few in Eiigland exceed it. The gate on the bridge is now in ruins." Within the castle is a royal free chapel, exempt from all epis- copal jurisdiction, visitable by the king only. In l'J21, the dean of Norwich having attempted to exercise his authority on some matters respecting it, was forced to obtain his pardon of the king. It consisted only of one chaplain, who was to celebrate mass for the souls of all the kings before and since the Conquest. The wills of persons dying within the precincts of the castle, were proved before the constable and this chaplain. At present it serves for a chapel for the prisoners. The chaplain is appointed by the justices of peace for the county. The building here shewn was the keep. The gate on the bridge mentioned by Blomfield as in ruins, was taken down when the castle was last repaired. — This view, which exhibits the north- east aspect, was drawn anno 1775. OUR LADY^S MOUNT, LYNN. 1 HIS very singular edifice stands upon a circular mount, on the eastern side of the town of Lynn, in Norfolk, now making part of the mound of the modern fortifications thrown up round that place ; it is included within a bastion. The lower octagonal part is built with brick faced with stone, the upper part, in the form of a cross, is of poHshed stone, the top part of brick. It consists of three stories of apartments, the lowest is arched, and has wilhin it a cistern, which seems not to have been an original part of the building, but to have been added since, for the purpose perhaps of a reservoir for water, during the time when the town was besieged in the civil wars ; the second story is likewise arched ; a flight of stone stairs, now in ruins, ran round these apartments towards the internal circumference of the octagonal part, and led up to the upper stone building, which certainly was a chapel: connnon information says, the uppermost multangular 20 NORFOLK. multangular brick part has been chimneys, but as no leading flues to the chimneys are to be seen, it is rather probable it was the shaft of a cross elevated above the whole. Thus much as to the present state of this building; as to its antiquity the reader will be pleased to receive his information on that point from Parkens's continuation of Blomfield's History of Norfolk, where it is thus confusedly described : " Our Lady on the Mount or Wall and Gild." This chapel was defaced before the 3d of Elizabeth, as appears from an inquisition then taken. In Dr. Brown's Travels, fol. edit. p. 43, is a cut of a Greek monastery, very much in the form of this chapel, of four stories in height, one less than the other, the three lowest square, the uppermost story an octagon like a steeple. These are the brethren and sisters of the Guild Tigulat founded to the honour and purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary, anno 3d Edward III. Thomas de Langham and Christian his wife. Charles de Secheford and Alice his wife. Robert de Derby and Margery his wife, William son of the said Robert, &c. Robert seems to be alderman of the guild. These are the four morwespeches of the said guild. The first morwespeche is on the Sunday (le Demeynge prochein) after the Purification of the Blessed Virgin ; the second on the day of the Annunciation of our Lady ; the third on the day of the Assump- tion of our Lady ; the fourth on the day of the Conception of our Lady. It is ordained, that if any of the brethren be summoned on any of the four morwespeches, and are in the said town, and make default, they shall pay one penny to the honour of our Lady. There is a chimney now standing in it, erected during the plague, where it was made a post-house. In 1509 it was in use, when in the compotus of the prior of St. Margaret we find. "De i- It # \ NORFOLK. 21 " De plxidib. omnium sanctor. in eccles. St. Margaret et Ca- pellis St. Nicholai et St. Jacobi una cum Capella Beatae Mariae ad Pontem. 6s. 4f/. « De Capella Beatae Mariai de Monte. l6s. lOd. which shews how 2:reat the Madona here was held." This building is likewise mentioned by Macharel in his History of Lynn, who says, at a little distance from the town stands another ruinous fabrick, called the Lady's Mount, in which (no doubt) by some remains of architecture, it appears there has been a chapel dedicated to the Blessed Virgin. This religious place, say the ancient inhabitants, was a receptacle for the pilgrims, who took this in their way to say their orisons at, as they travelled along towards that sometime famous and celebrated priory or convent of our Lady of AValsingham, a village so much renowned all over England for pilgrimage to the Virgin Mary, that he, who had not in that age visited and presented it with offerings, was accounted irreligious." — This view was drawn anno 1776. ST. MARY'S PRIORY, TIIETFORD. Of this monastery the following account is given by Tanner in the Notitia Monastica : " In this then famous town was a society of religious persons in the church of St. Mary, as early as the reign of King Edward the Confessor, if not before. Hither Arfastus, or Ilerfastus, bishop of the East Angles, removed his episcopal seat from North Elmham, A. D. 1075. But it continued here only nineteen or twenty years, and then was translated to Norwich. After which that great nobleman, Roger Bigod, or Bigot, by the advice of Bishop Herbert, and others, built a monastery here, about A. D. 1104; and shortly after brought Cluniac monks from Lewes in Sussex, and placed them in it, making it subordinate to the abbey of Cluny in France. But this house and place being found in- convenient, the same generous nobleman began on the other side of the water, a little without the town, a most stately monastery VOL. IV. F and 22 NORFOLK. and church, to the honour also of the Blessed Virgin Mary ; but dying shortly after, Prior Stephen carried on the work, and met with so much encouragement, that he finished it in about seven years, and removed his convent into it on the feast of St. Martin, A. D. 1114. This priory was made denison 50 Edward III. and 26 Henry VIII. was found to be endowed with 312/. 145. 4d. ob. 9 per ann. as Dugdale ; and 418/. 6s. 3d. as Speed; and was granted in exchange, 32 Henry VIII. to its patron, Thomas Duke of Norfolk, who once intended to refound herein a college of secular priests," This monastery was the burial place of the Bigods, and after them of the Mowbreys, created dukes of Norfolk, as also of the Howards, their successors. Here were seventeen monks. The names of the priors are thus recorded by Browne Willis, in his History of Abbeys, taken, as he says, from Dr. Tanner's Collections. Stephen occurs prior anno 1130. In the Monasticon, after him, I meet with Constantine; and then Martin, anno 1189 and 1197. Richard was prior anno 1216 and 1236; as was Stephen, anno 1257, 41 H. HI. and William, anno 1261, 55 H. III. The next I find is Vincent, who occurs anno 1286 and 1297. His suc- cessor, I guess, was Thomas le Bigod, confirmed prior, 31 Dec. 1304 ; after him I met with James, anno 1335 ; on whose deposi- tion on account of his age, anno 1355, Jeffery de Rocherio was placed in his stead; he presided anno 1369, as did John de Ford- ham, anno 1372, who was, as I suppose, the same person who was made, 1388, bishop of Ely ; his successor was one John, whose surname I do not meet with ; he occurs anno 1390 and also 1395, as does one John Ixworth in 1428; whether he be the same with the last I cannot determine ; the next in my catalogue is Nichols, anno 1431 ; on whose death or cession the priory be- came vacant, anno 1438 ; after him I met with one John, anno 1441 ; query if he be the same with John Vesey, who governed anno 1461 and 1479 ; his successor seems to have been Robert, who occurs anno 1485 and 1497j as does one Roger, anno 1503, and kl llki NORFOLK. 23 and William, anno 1519) and again at the dissolution, anno 1540, at which time he with thirteen canons or monks, surrendered this house. — This view was drawn anno 1777> THE GATE OF ST. MARY's ABBEY, THETFORD. This gate stands on the north-east side of the abbey. It is built mostly with pebble and flint, coigned with square stones, and had over it two stories of apartments ; adjoining to it are some rooms and stables used as such by the monks. From the style of the architecture, this gate does not seem older than the reign of Richard III. or Henry VII, — The view here given shews its inner side, and was drawn anno 1777. THE PRIORY OF THE OLD HOUSE, THETFORD. A Council held by Lanfranc, archbishop of Canterbury, hav- ing determined that all bishop's sees, which were settled in vil- lages, should be removed to the most eminent cities in their dioceses ; in consequence of this regulation the see of Norfolk was removed to Thetford, anno 1075, as being a more populous and wealthy place than Elmham, where it had before been esta- blished. The mother church of this place (says Blomfield) was dedi- cated to St. Mary, and stood where the free-school and master of the hospital's house now stands ; this, in all probability, belonged to the bishop of that province (who it is thought had a house near it), till Stigand retained it in his hands with other revenues of the bishopric after he had left the see ; but, on his disgrace, the king gave it with the four churches appendant and all that belonged to them, to Bishop Arfast and his heirs, in fee and inheritance. Arfast here placed his episcopal chair, and afterwards gave the inheritance of it to Richard his eldest son, and the four other churches to his other sons and their heirs. This 24 NORFOLK. This Arfast, assisted by Roger Bigod, rebuilt the church, dedi- cating it to St. Mary, the Holy Trinity, and All Saints, and joined his palace or mansion-house to the north side of it towards the west end, of which there is so much now standing, which serves for the Mall to a garden facing the canons, that we can plainly distinguish his breadth. It consisted of a nave, two aisles, a north and south transept (the arch of which now divides the school and master's apartments), and a chancel or choir, the east end of which reached the street within about twelve yards, as its founda- tion discovers, so that it was a noble church fit for the cathedral of such a see. The bishop's see being translated to Norwich, Roger Bigod, continues Blomfield, purchased the cathedral or church of St. Mary, of Richard, son of Bishop Arfast, and by the advice and consent of Heniy I. and at the request of Bishop Herbert, placed therein Cluniac monks, having erected a timber building for their reception. He soon after begun a cloister of stone, the area of which is now visible between the church and river. The walls of the refec- tory, which were on the north side of the court, not far from it, are now in a great measure standing. The cloister was near three years building, during which time this situation being found too small and inconvenient, their founder Mas prevailed upon to remove them to the Norfolk side of the river : he accordingly built the monastery now called the abbey, and in the year 1107, or, according to others, 1114, the whole convent removed thither, except two or three monks, who for a while kept it as a cell to their new house, but afterwards totally forsook it, and it "was ex- changed by them for lands more convenient to their new situation, and so became joined to the dominion or lordship. The buildings continued desolate and in ruins till the time of King Edward HI. when Sir Edward Gonvile, parson of Terrington, in Norfolk, steward to Henry, Earl of Lancaster, persuaded that nobleman to repair- the church and buildings, and there to introduce friars, preachers of the order of St. Domjnic. This being accomplished about .NORFOLK. 25 about the year 1327, it became a priory of fnars preachers, and the priors were always nominated by the lords of the dominion .of Thetford, to which the earl annexed the patronage, and cou- firmed by the superior of their order. In 1347, the Earl of Lancaster enlarged their premises wiih the site of the Domus Dei, an hospital which stood between their cloister and the High Street, on which they cleared away all the buildings except the hospital house, wherein they kept a brother or two, who daily begged what he could of the passengers for the benefit of the house : this sometimes has occasioned the priory to be confounded with the Domus Dei. This priory was surrendered to King Henry VI H. the prior and five brethren only signing the instrument : Blomfield sup- poses there might have been a great number in the cloister who would not join in it ; Willis says, the church of the Dominicans at Thetford was thirty-six paces long. The site was granted to Sir Richard Fulmerston, by the name of the site of the Friars Preachers, formerly called the Hospital House of God in 'Jhet- ford, who was to hold it in capite of the queen, by the service of the 20th part of a fee, and 5d. ob. per ann. rent. He left it to his heiress, and it descended to Sir Edward Clere, who sold it with the canons farm, to which it now belongs, to Robert Chausfield and others, in trust for the Earl of Arundel, and thus came to the noble family of the Howards, to whom it now belongs. In this \iew is also shewn the back of the school and hospital, built in pursuance of the will of Sir Richard Fulmerston, dated anno 150'6, on the ruins of the old cathedral; there had been a school in this town very early, as is evident from the many collations to it by the bishop in whose donation it was, one as early as 1328, but from 14^6 no more occurs, so that it seems probable the school ceased till Sir Richard Fulmerston's time, who erected one, and paid the master during his life, and made the abo^e provision by his will. The hospital part is for the VOL. IV. G habitation 26 KORFOLK. habitation of four poor persons, two men and two women. This house is said to have been the birth-place and residence of that well known antiquary, Mr. Thomas Martin. — ^This view was drawn anno 1777. KOR- UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. THE UtmAtt* LOS AN' 1 670 N609